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EXAMPLES 


OF 


(§ott}it  ^vtUttttmt; 


SELECTED    FROM    VARIOUS 


ANTIENT    EDIFICES    IN    ENGLAND: 


CONSISTING    OF 


PLANS,  ELEVATIONS,  SECTIONS,  AND  PARTS  AT  LARGE; 


CALCULATED  TO    EXEMPLIFY 


THE     VARIOUS     STYLES, 


THE   PRACTICAL  CONSTRUCTION 


ADMIRED  CLASS  OF  ARCHITECTURE: 


ACCOMPANIED    BY 


VOL.    TIL 


By  A.  W.  PuGiN  AND  T.  L.  WALKER,  Architects. 


LONDON: 
HENRY  G.  BOHN,  YORK  STREET,  COVENT  GARDEN. 

1840. 


LONDON: 

PRINTED  nV   MOVES  AND   BARCLAY,  CASTLE  STREET,   LEICESTER  SQUARE. 


TO 


WILLIAM  BARNARD  CLARKE,  Esq.  F.R.A.S.  President, 

THOMAS  HENRY  WYATT,  Esq.  Vice-President, 

GEORGE  MAIR,  Esq.  Vice-President, 

E.  H.  BROWNE,  Esq.  Secretary, 

THE    COMMITTEE    AND     THE     MEMBERS 


OF  THE 


girdjitectural  ^ociet?  of  ilontion, 

THIS    VOLUME 

Is  InscrfteiJ, 

AVITH  EVERY  SENTIMENT  OF  RESPECT,  GRATITUDE,  AND  ESTEEM, 
BY  THEIR  MOST  OBEDIENT  HUMBLE  SERVANT, 

THE  AUTHOR. 


106,  Great  liussell  Street,  Bloomshiry, 
June,  18.36. 


PREFACE  TO  PART  I. 


When  the  lamented  death  of  the  late  Augustus  Pugin  took  place, 
two  Parts  only  of  the  "  Second  Series"  of  his  Work,  entitled  "  Examples 
of  Gothic  Architecture,"  were  published  ;  but  in  his  last  Will,  of  which 
he  appointed  me  an  executor,  in  conjunction  with  Mr.  James  Morgan 
(an  honour  which,  as  his  pupil,  I  trust  ever  duly  to  appreciate),  he 
requested  that  the  Volume  might  be  completed  by  his  Son,  who  had 
accompanied  him  in  his  last  professional  tour,  for  the  purpose  of  making 
sketches  in  Somersetshire,  during  the  Autumn  of  1832.  By  the  inde- 
fatigable exertions  of  the  latter,  accurate  Sketches,  geometrically  drawn 
and  measured,  were  taken  of  the  Deayiery  and  the  Bishop's  Palace,  at 
Wells,  the  Abbot's  Kitchen,  the  Tribunal  House,  the  George  Inn,  and  the 
Abbofs  Barn,  Glastonbury ;  which  buildings  were  delineated  in  the 
Third  and  Fourth  Parts,  completing  the  "Second  Se?'ies ;"  but  it  was 
found  expedient  to  omit  the  Vicars'  Close,  Wells,  of  which  also  Sketches 
and  Admeasurements  had  been  taken,  as  the  limits  of  that  Volume 
would  not  admit  of  so  great  an  addition  of  Plates  as  were  necessary  to 
elucidate  that  highly  interesting  building.  Mr.  Pugin  intended 
giving  it  as  an  Appendix  to  that  Work ;  but  was  prevented  from 
undertaking  so  desirable  an  addition,  by  various  professional  engage- 
ments, and  other  business,  accumulating  on  his  hands.  Had  the  late 
Mr.  Pugin  been  spared,  a  Third  Volume  would,  ere  this,  have  been 


VI  PREFACE  TO   PART  I. 

Ijefore  the  Public ;  and,  actuated  by  a  desire  to  carry  the  intentions 
of  the  Author  into  execution,  I  was  induced  to  communicate  my 
wishes  to  his  Son,  who  immediately  allowed  me  to  become  the 
purchaser  of  his  Sketches,  which  form  the  subjects  delineated  in  the 
following  Plates.  I  was  anxious,  also,  to  enlist  the  services  of 
Mr.  WiLLSON,  whose  original  design  these  valuable  Works  were,  and 
whose  Descriptive  and  Historical  Notices  of  the  several  buildings  con- 
tained in  the  two  former  Volumes,  render  them  so  much  more  inter- 
esting ;  but,  at  that  time,  from  several  severe  family  afflictions  and 
illness,  together  with  professional  engagements,  he  had  been  prevented 
finishing  the  Second  Volume,  which  he  has  only  very  lately  been 
enabled  to  complete  ;  and  he  found  himself  precluded  from  granting 
me  his  able  assistance,  without  laying  aside  the  letterpress  description 
of  the  "  Gothic  Ornaments"  now  in  hand.  To  this  I  could  not  con- 
scientiously assent,  well  knowing  how  anxious  the  Subscribers  were  for 
that  portion  of  the  Work,  and  how  serious  an  injury  it  had  already 
sustained  by  remaining  in  an  incomplete  state ;  and,  accordingly,  have 
been  presumptuous  enough  to  lay  my  own  shoulder  to  the  wheel,  in 
order  that  so  valuable  an  addition,  as  I  knew  these  Plates  would  form 
to  the  library  of  the  Architect  and  Amateur,  should  be  made  with  as 
little  delay  as  possible. 

How  far  my  boldness  may  have  conduced  to  success,  must  be 
left  for  a  liberal  public  opinion  to  determine ;  but  should  it  be 
deemed  that  any  additional  interest  has  been  given  by  the  short 
Historical  Account  of  the  Building  and  the  Description  of  the  Plates, 
I    claim    no    credit    for    originality,   having    contented    myself  with 


PREFACE  TO  PART   I.  VU 

carefully  collecting  all  the  information  possible,  and  condensing  it 
into  the  following  pages ;  and,  to  give  additional  interest,  have  added 
a  Biographical  Sketch  of  each  Benefactor  in  the  Notes. 

I  have  also  been  induced  to  give  an  Appendix,  containing  a  table 
of  the  Statutes  and  Ordinances  by  which  the  body  of  the  Vicars-Choi'al 
were  governed,  laid  down  by  the  founder.  Bishop  Ralph  of  Shrews- 
bury, and  confirmed  and  enlarged  by  Bishop  Beckington,  which  are 
partially  in  force  to  this  day :  also,  translations  of  the  Letters  Patent 
granted  by  King  Edward  III.,  and  of  the  original  Deed  of  Gift, 
as  confirmed  by  the  two  Chapters  of  the  united  sees  of  Bath  and 
Wells  ;  but  regret  my  limits  would  not  allow  me  to  transcribe  the 
Statutes  themselves  and  the  New  Charter  granted  by  Queen  Elizabeth. 
For  these  valuable  documents  I  am  indebted  to  the  present  venerable 
Bishop,  the  Right  Reverend  George  Henry  Law,  LL.D.,  whose 
promptness  in  affording  facilities  to  research  by  antiquarian  authors 
has  already  formed  the  subject  of  several  eulogies  in  works  of  a 
similar  nature,  and  which,  I  trust,  will  be  duly  appreciated  by  the 
curious  who  may  peruse  the  present  Volume. 

I  am  greatly  indebted  to  Mr.  Thomas  T.  Bury,  who  has  engraved 
the  Plates,  for  the  care  and  attention  he  has  bestowed  upon  them  ; 
and  have  little  doubt  but  that  these  specimens  of  an  art  he  has  only 
lately  been  induced  to  follow,  will  bring  him  ostensibly  before  the 
notice  of  lovers  of  illustrated  literature.  I  was  induced  to  engage 
his  services,  on  account  of  the  intimate  knowledge  he  possessed  of 
Gothic   forms,  acquired   by  a   long   series   of  study   under   the   late 


Vlll  PREFACE  TO  PART   I. 

Mr.  PuGiN,  To  Mr.  G.  B.  Wollaston,  who  was  lately  my  pupil, 
I  feel  myself  also  called  upon  to  tender  thanks  for  his  exertions, 
and  trust  they  may  be  the  means  of  leading  him  on  to  the  higher 
walks  of  Architectural  Study. 

From  my  Subscribers  and  the  Public  I  must  crave  the  usual 
indulgence,  so  much  and  so  often  needed  by  authors  for  their  first 
attempts  in  literary  labours ;  and  take  a  respectful  leave ;  hoping 
soon  again  to  address  them  in  the  two  following  portions  of  this 
Volume:  but,  that  I  might  not  be  guilty  of  undue  intrusion,  in  case 
of  my  success  not  being  so  complete  as  vanity  might  prompt  me  to 
imagine,  and  also  for  the  convenience  of  such  as,  from  old  associa- 
tions alone,  would  wish  to  possess  Illustrations  of  so  "faire  a  place," 
I  have  made  this,  the  first  of  three  Parts,  a  complete  Work  in  itself 

THOMAS   LARKINS   WALKER. 


106  Great  Russell  Street,  Bloomshunj, 
London,  June  1836. 


PREFACE 


SECOND    EDITION. 


In  presenting  this  Volume,  in  its  present  complete  state,  before  the 
public,  I  feel  it  to  be  a  duty  no  less  gratifying  to,  than  incumbent 
on,  me  to  tender  my  best  thanks  and  most  grateful  acknowledgments 
for  the  kindness,  liberality,  and  consideration  shewn  me,  while 
engaged  in  an  undertaking  which,  on  the  outset,  I  felt  to  be  of 
no  ordinary  magnitude  ;  but  which,  cheered  and  encouraged  by 
numerous  subscribers  and  kind  friends,  I  was  enabled  to  accomplish 
with  almost  unusual  punctuality. 

It  would  be  egotistical  in  me,  who  have  merely  contented  myself 
with  treading  in  another's  footsteps,  to  ascribe  all  the  patronage 
and  support  I  have  met  with  to  individual  merit  or  exertion ;  and, 
therefore,  to  the  memory  of  my  predecessor,  as  well  as  to  my 
coadjutors  in  these  labours,  I  attribute  a  great  share  of  my 
complete  success. 

In  the  ^^  Preface  to  Part  I."  I  mentioned  the  names  of  those  to 
whom  I  considered  myself  deeply  indebted  for  their  able  assistance  ; 
but  to  others,  no  less  than  to  them,  I  feel  myself  called  upon  now 
to  testify  my  gratitude.  To  the  Rev.  Richard  Warner,  rector  of 
Great  Chalfield ;    Mr.  Waldron,  of  Lipiat ;   and  Mr   Loscombe,  late 


X  PREFACE  TO  THE  SECOND  EDITION. 

of  Corsham,  I  am  indebted  for  valuable  contributions  towards  the 
historical  elucidation  of  the  Manor-House  and  Church  at  Great 
Chalfield,  and  the  Altar-Tomb  in  Corsham  Church ;  and  to  Walter 
Long,  Esq.  M.  P.  of  Rood  Ashton  and  South  Wraxhall,  to  Mr. 
Charles  Edward  Long,  and  Mr.  Walter  Long,  of  Preshaw,  I  also  feel 
deeply  grateful  for  the  great  assistance  they  severally  afforded  me 
in  elucidating  the  history  of  South  Wraxhall  Manor-House. 

That  the  Gothic  Style  of  Architecture  is  becoming  daily  more 
deservedly  appreciated  must  be  evident  to  every  one,  when  it  is 
remembered  that,  in  the  competition  for  the  Houses  of  Parliament 
(the  grandest  undertaking  which  the  Government  of  this  country 
has  ever  had  in  hand  since  the  revival  of  Gothic  taste),  the  Gothic 
and  Elizabethan  were  the  only  styles  in  which  designs  were 
received ;  and  that  the  choice  fell  on  one  in  the  former  style — 
the  production  of  Mr.  Barry.  That  this  mark  of  distinction  was 
only  due  to  that  eminent  architect,  not  only  the  voice  of  the  pro- 
fession, but  that,  also,  of  the  country,  have  since  acknowledged , 
and  we  have  much  cause  of  congratulation  that  the  selection  had 
been  intrusted  to  men  of  taste.  The  same  spirit  shews  itself  in 
the  present  supply  of  church-room  so  extensively  demanded  ;  and 
to  no  one,  perhaps,  more  than  to  the  present  Bishop  of  London, 
are  we  indebted  for  the  erection  of  so  many  structures  in  this 
style  in  his  lordship's  own  diocess — an  example  which  has  been 
universally  followed  in  the  provinces. 

In  the  "  Historical  Account  of  the  INIanor-  House  of  Great 
Chalfield,"  I  mentioned  that  "  the  "  then  "  possessor,  anxious  to  pre-  " 
"  serve  this  truly  venerable  fabric,  has  intrusted  the  author  with " 
"the  necessary  repairs."      Such  was  then  the  case;    but  from  pru- 


PREFACE   TO  THE   SECOND  EDITION.  XI 

dential  motives  it  was  found  expedient  (after  the  roof  and  two 
exterior  walls  of  the  Guest  Chamber  had  been  taken  down,  in  con- 
sequence of  their  threatening  danger  to  the  inmates,)  to  abandon 
those  repairs  —  so  far  as  regarded  the  restoration  of  the  original 
design,  and  the  late  Sir  Harry  Burrard  Neale,  anxious  to  consult  the 
comforts  of  a  worthy  tenant,  consented  to  cut  the  noble  Banqueting 
Hall  into  two  heights,  in  order  to  supply  bedrooms  above,  and  kitchen, 
&c.  below ! ! !  *  Thus,  the  interior  symmetry  of  the  Hall  is  totally 
destroyed,  the  Screen  removed,  and  the  North  Frontage  disfigured  by 
the  insertion  of  modern  windows  under  the  original  ones  of  the  Hall ; 
and  the  armed  knight,  which  terminated  the  gable  of  the  Guest 
Chamber,  is  enshrined  inside  the  semicircular  Oriel  Window ! ! ! 

I  take  a  respectful  leave,  hoping  soon  to  revive  my  acquaint- 
ance with  those  who,  humble  as  my  exertions  may  have  been, 
have  shewn  themselves  ready  to  "take  the  will  for  the  deed,"  and 
to  appreciate  a  zeal  which  I  trust  may  never  abate. 

THOMAS  LARKINS   WALKER. 

2  Keppel  Street,  Russell  Square, 
London,  February  1840. 

*  See  "  A  Visit  to  Great  Chalfield,  Wiltshire,"  by  Viator,  in  "  Gentleman's  Magazine," 
March  1838,  Vol.  IX.  No.  3. 


EXAMPLES 


OF 


(3ot\)it  ^rcf)itecture. 

VOL.    III. 


LIST  OF  PLATES. 


THE  VICARS'  CLOSE,  WELLS,  SOMERSETSHIRE. 

I,  General  Ground  Plan  of  the  Close,  as  completed  by  Bishop 
Beckington's  Executors. 

The  Vicars'  Dwellings. 


2.  n.  Elevation  and  Transverse  Section  of  each  House. 

3.  III.  Plan  and  Longitudinal  Section  of  ditto. 

4.  IV.  Chimney-shaft  and  Window  at  large  of  ditto. 

5.  V.  Elevation  and  Section  of  a  small  Oriel  Window  towards  the 

Road. 

6.  VI.  Plan  and  Details  of  ditto,  and  End  Elevation  of  the  East  Row 

of  Houses. 

7.  VI*.  Plan,  Elevation,  Section,  and  Details  of  a  Porch  ;  Rebuses, 

Coat  of  Arms,  &c. 


XIV 


The  Chapel  and  Library. 


8.  VII.  South  Elevation  and  Transverse  Section,  looking  East. 

9.  VIII.  Plans  and  Details. 

]  0.  IX.  Elevation  and  Section  of  the  Doorcase  and  Door,  with  Details. 

11.  X.  Plans,  Sections,  and  Elevations  of  the  Windows,  and  Details. 

12.  XI.  Bell  Turret,  Niche  at  the  corner  of  the  Parapet,  &c.  at  large. 

The  Common  Hall  and  the  Chain-Gate. 


1.3.  XII.  Ground-Plan  of  the  Entrance-Gateway  to  the  Close,  and  the 

Chain-Gate. 

14.  XIII.  First-floor  Plan  of  the  Hall,  Buttery,  Kitchen,  and  Gallery 

over  the  Chain-Gate. 

15.  XIV.  Elevation  of  the  Hall  towards   the  Road,  and  Transverse 

Section  of  the  Chain-Gate. 

16.  XV.  Elevation,  Section,  and  Details  of  the  South  Oriel  Window. 

17.  XVI.  Plan,  Interior  Elevation,  Section  of  Soffit,  and  Details  of  ditto. 

18.  19.  XVII.  XVIII.  Transverse  Section  of  the  Hall  through  the  Entrance-Gate- 

way of  the  Close,  East  Elevation  of  the   Chain-Gate 
and  Gallery  over,  and  of  the  Tower  and  Staircase. 

20.  XIX.  One  of  the  Centre  Compartments  of  the  Gallery  over  the 

Chain-Gate,  and  Details. 

21.  XX.  Elevation    of  the  Hall  towards  the  Close,  and  Transverse 

Section  of  the  Staircase. 

22.  XXI.  Exterior  and  Interior  Elevations,  Section,  and  Details  of  one 

of  the  Windows  of  the  Hall. 

23.  XXII.  Longitudinal  Section  of  the  Hall  from  E.  to  W.  looking  S. 

24.  XXIII.  Plan,  Section,  Elevation,  and  Details  of  the  Fireplace  and 

Firedogs  in  the  Hall. 

25.  XXIV.  Transverse    Section   of  the   Hall    through   the    Doorways, 

Staircase,  and  small  Lobby. 

26.  XXV.  Plan  of  the  Groining  of  the  Porch  leading  to  the  Staircase, 

Coats  of  Arms,  and  top  of  Oak  Panelling  at  large. 


XV 


THE  MANOR-HOUSE  AND  CHURCH  AT  GREAT  CHALFIELD, 

WILTSHIRE. 

27.  I.  Perspective  View  from  the  North  West  restored. 

28.  II.  General  Ground  Plan. 

The  Manor-House. 


29.  Ill    Ground  and  First-floor  Plans. 

30.  IV.  North  Front,  and  Figures  terminating  the  Gables  at  large. 

31.  V.  Longitudinal  Section,  Details  of  Roofs,  &c. 

32.  VI.  Two  Transverse  Sections,  Figures  terminating  the  Gables  at 

Large,  &c. 

33.  VII.  Elevation  and  Section  of  the  Semicircular  Oriel  Window, 

North  Front. 

34.  VIII.  Plans  and  Details  of  the  Semicircular  Oriel  Window,  North 

Front. 

35.  IX.  Interior  Elevation  and  Details  of  ditto,  ditto. 

36.  X.  Window  of  Bay  of  Hall,  and  Window  of  Hall,  ditto. 

37.  XI.  Elevation  and  Section  of  the  Octagonal  Oriel  Window,  ditto. 

38.  XII.  Plans  and  Details  of  ditto,  ditto. 

39.  XIII.  Plan  and  Section  of  the  Porch,  and  Details,  ditto. 

40.  XIV.  Plan  of  the  North-East  Bay  of  the  Hall,  and  Details. 

41.  XV.  Three  Square-heaJed  Windows,  and  details. 

42.  XVI.  Elevation   and  Section  of  the  Fireplace  in  the  Hall,  and 

Details  of  the  Chimney-shafts. 

43.  XVII.  Elevation  of  the  Oak  Screen  in  the  Hall,  and  Details. 

44.  XVIII.  Panelling  at  large  of  ditto,  and  Details. 

45.  XIX.  Large  Bosses  in  the  centre  of  the  Hall-ceiling,  Masks  in  the 

Hall,  at  large,  and  Details. 

46.  XX.  Small  Bosses,  executed  in  Plaster,  at  large,  and  restoration 

of  one  compartment  of  Hall-ceiling. 


XVI 


The  Church. 

47.  I.  West  Elevation  and  Longitudinal  Section. 

48.  II.  Transverse  Section,   Plan,  and  Details  of  the  Oak-ribbed 

Ceiling  of  the  Chapel,  and  of  the  Arch-mouldings. 

49.  III.   Porch  at  large,  and  Details. 

50.  IV.  Belfry  and  West  Window  at  large,  and  Details. 

51.  V.  Stone  Screen,  and  Details. 

52.  VI.  Back  Elevation  of  Top  of  ditto.  Coats  of  Arms,  and  Details. 

53.  VII.  Oak  Seat  and  Desk,  and  Stone  Piscina,  at  large,  and  Details. 

Tomb  in  Corsham  Church,  Wilts. 

54.  VIII.  Tomb  of  Thomas  Tropenell,  Esq.,  and  Agnes  his  Wife,  in 

the  Chantry. 

THE  MANOR-HOUSE  AT  SOUTH  WRAXHALL,  WILTSHIRE. 

55.  I.  Perspective  View  from  the  South- West. 

56.  57.  11.  III.  Ground  Plan, 
58,  59.  IV.  V.  First-floor  Plan. 

The  Entrance  Gateway. 

60-  VI.  Elevation  toM'ards  the  Road,  and  Ground  Plan. 

^^-  VII.  Longitudinal  Section  and  Plan  of  Porter's  Dwelling. 

'52.  VIII.  Elevation  and  Section  of  the  Oriel  Window. 

63.  IX.  Plans  and  Details  of  ditto. 

The  Banqueting  Hall,  &c. 

^^-  X.  Elevation  of  the  Hall  and  Drawing  Room  towards  the  Court. 

65-  XI.  Porch  and  Details. 

^^-  XII.  Window  of  North-West  Bay,  and  Details. 

67.  XIII.  Window  of  Hall,  and  Details. 

6^-  XIV.  Longitudinal  and  Transverse  Sections  of  the  Hall. 

69.  XV.  Details  of  the  Roof  of  the  Hall. 

''^-  XVI.  Gap  Mouths,  and  Details  of  the  Roof  over  the  Drawing  Room. 


xvu 


71.  XVII.  Interior  perspective  View  of  the  Drawing  Room. 
Wood-cut  at  page  54.  Tomb  in  South  Wraxhall  Church. 

CHURCH  OF  SAINT  PETER  AT  BIDDESTON,  WILTSHIRE. 

72.  I.  South  Elevation  and  Ground  Plan. 
7.3.  II.  Bell  Turret,  and  Details  of  ditto. 

74.  III.  Porch,  and  Details  of  ditto. 

75.  IV.  Interior  Door,  Piscinas,  and  Details. 

76.  V.  Windows,  and  Details  of  ditto. 

Wood-cut  at  page  67.  Bell  Turret  of  Saint  Peter's  at  Biddeston,  in  perspective. 

Ditto        ditto.  Bell  Turret  of  Saint  Nicholas'  at  Biddeston,  in  perspective. 


HISTORICAL  ACCOUNT 


OF  THE 


Vicars'  Close  at  fmclls> 

SOMERSETSHIRE. 


The  Chantry  Priests  attached  to  the  Choir  of  the  Cathedral  Church  of  St. 
Andrew  at  Wells,  were  first  ordained  by  Bishop  Joceline  de  Welles,  or 
Trotman*  a.d.  1237,t  who  created  many  new  prebends  or  canonries,  and 
appointed  a  chanter  to  each  benefice,  three  excepted.  J  These  chantry  priests 
he  styled  Vicars-Choral,  and  intended  they  should  supply  the  places  of  the 
canons  in  chanting  and  performing  divine  service;  but  they  do  not  seem 
to  have  had  any  regular  establishment  until  Walter  de  Hulle,  subdean  of 
this  cathedral  in  1334.,  and  archdeacon  of  Bath  in  1342,  §  gave  two  mes- 
suages and  lands  in  Wells,  that  the  thirteen  chantry  priests  who  officiated 
in  the  choir  might  live  in  common   together.     For  their  better  government, 

•  Vicarios  chorales  primus  ordinavit,  qui  Canonicorum  vices  in  canendo  et  sacris  operando  peragerent. —  GoDwyx, 
De  Prtesulibus  Anglits  Commentarius,  in  Vita  Jocelini  de  Wells,  p.  371.     Richardson's  edition,  Canterbury,  1743. 

t  Joceline  de  Wells,  called,  in  the  Annates  Marganenses,  Joceline  Trotman,  elected  by  the  joint  suffrages  of  the  canons 

of  Bath  and  Wells,  was  consecrated  at  Reading  in  the  Chapel  of  St.  Mary,  May  28th,  1'206 Diicdale's  Momsticon, 

vol.  ii.  p.  277.  During  bis  episcopacy,  the  monks  of  Glastonbury  obtained  a  dissolution  of  their  enforced  union  with 
this  see  ;  agreeing  to  surrender  some  valuable  manors  and  the  advowsons  of  several  churches  ;  and  Joceline  afterwards 
resumed  the  title  of  Bath  and  Wells,  which  has  continued  to  be  used  by  the  bishops  to  this  day.  He  was  forced  into 
exile  by  King  John,  for  having  interdicted  the  nation,  pursuant  to  the  Pope's  command,  in  1208  ;  but  on  his  return,  five 
years  afterwards,  he  applied  himself  particularly  to  the  improvement  of  the  Church  of  Wells.  He  obtained  from  Hugh, 
bishop  of  Lincoln,  the  valuable  manors  of  Congresbury,  Chedder,  and  Axbridge,  and  annexed  them  to  his  see.  He 
rebuilt  and  dedicated  anew  the  cathedral  on  the  23d  of  October,  1239 ;  added  a  chapel  to  the  Bishop's  Palace  at  Wells, 
and  built  many  other  edifices.  He  died  on  the  19th  of  November,  1242,  and  was  buried  in  the  middle  of  the  choir  in 
Wells  Cathedral,  under  a  marble  tomb  inlaid  with  his  figure  in  brass ;  but  the  latter  had  been  toni  away  in  Godwyn's 
time,  and  the  tomb  was  '*  shamefully  defaced."  — History  and  Antiquities  of  the  Cathedral  Church  of  Wetk,  by  J.  BniTTOx, 
F.S.A.,  pp.  33,  .34,  and  106. 

{  Vicarios  in  Ecclesia  singulis  Praebendariis  ordinavit;  tribus  exceptis,  quibus  non  provisit  morte  pi.-Eventus. — 
Wharton's  Anglia  Sacra,  pars  i.  p.  .564.  See  also  Collinson's  Hisiory  nf  Somersetshire,  vol.  iii.  p.  381.  Godwyn,  De 
Prtesulibus,  p.  370.     Harl.  MSS.  6968,  PL.  XLV.G. 

§  Le  Neve's  Fasti,  pp.  42  and  45.     Duodale's  Monasticon,  vol.  vi.  Pt.  III.  p.  1466.     London,  1830. 

B 


2  HISTORICAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE 

Bishop  Rachilphus  cle  Salopiu,  or  Ralph  of  Shrercsbury ,*  made  certain  statutes 
and  ordinances,  dated  7  Id.  April,  a.d.  1347,f  a  table  of  which  is  given  in 
the  Appendix ;  and  in  the  following  year  began  to  erect  a  new  college  for 
their  residence,  obtained  the  king's  letters  patent  confirming  his  gift,  ^  and 
had  the  same  ratified  by  the  prior  and  chapter  of  Bath,  and  the  dean  and 
chapter  of  Wells,  appointing  "  a  certain  place  of  the  soil  of  the  church  of" 
"  St.  Andrew  at  Wells,  and  the  houses  in  the  same  place,  built  and  to  be " 
"  built  by  the  said  Ralph,  to  have  and  to  hold  to  them  and  their  successors," 
"  vicars  of  the  church  aforesaid,  for  their  common  and  perpetual  cohabitation." 
Also,  allowing  him  to  charge  his  "  lands  and  tenements  in  Congresbury," 
"  parcel  of  his  bishopric  aforesaid,  with  an  hundred  shillings  annuity,"  and 
"  certain  other  lands  and  tenements  with  the  appurtenances  in  Wookey,  with" 
"  another  hundred  shillings  annuity,"  and  "  to  give  and  assign  the  same  ten  " 
"pounds  annuity  to  the  said  vicars,  celebrating  and  which  shall  celebrate" 
"  divine  service  in  the  said  church,  in  augmentation  of  their  sustenance,  to  be  " 
"  perceived  and  had  yearly  out  of  the  said  lands  and  tenements  to  the  same  " 
"  vicars  and  their  successors  for  ever."  It  appears  that  this  college  consisted 
of  "  the  hall,  kitching,  bakehouse,  and  other  houses  in  the  same  place,  built " 
"  and  to  be  built."  §  He  endowed  their  body  with  other  lands  which  he  had 
obtained  from  the  Feoffees  of  Walter  de  HuUe,  in  Wellsleigh,  Eston,  and 
Dulcot,  II  together  with  a  yearly  charge  of  =£6.  13s.  4f/.  upon  the  vicarage 
of  Chew. 

•  Radulphus  de  Salopia,  multiim  hie  a  Wellensibus  nostris  celebratur,  quod  Collegii  Vicariorum  primus  estiterit 
fundator. — De  Prasulibus,  p.  376,  in  Fitu  Radiilphi  de  Siilopia.  He  was  Keeper  of  the  King's  Wardrobe,  Cbancellor  of 
the  University  of  Oxford  (in  1328),  and  was  elected  Bishop  of  this  diocess  by  the  two  chapters  of  Bath  and  ^Vells 
on  the  2d  of  June,  1329  ;  he  was  consecrated,  prior  to  obtaining  tlie  Pope's  approval,  on  the  3d  of  December  fol- 
lowing;  and  Walsingham  says,  it  cost  him  "  a  huge  sum  of  money"  before  he  could  procure  a  full  confirmation  from 
the  Court  of  Rome.  He  was  a  munificent  benefactor  to  his  Cathedral  and  diocess,  rebuilt  the  Church  at  Winscombe 
from  the  foundations,  constructed  the  court-house  at  Claverton,  and  a  great  chamber  at  Kvercreech,  with  many  other 
edifices  upon  tlie  episcopal  estates.  He  erected  a  house  for  the  choristers  and  their  master  on  the  west  side  of  the 
cloisters,  and  surrounded  the  episcopal  palace  at  ^Vells  with  a  strong  stone  wall  and  a  moat.  He  also  procured, 
"  with  great  cost,"  the  disafforestation  of  ^lendip  forest,  and  gave  some  rich  ecclesiastical  vestments,  with  many 
otlier  things,  to  his  churches  at  Bath  and  Wells;  of  which  Godw)-n  says  that  he  believed,  in  his  time,  nothing 
remained  but  a  great  chest  bound  with  iron,  in  which  the  chapter  seal  was  kept.  He  died  at  Wiveliscombe  on  the 
14th  of  August,  1363,  and  was  buried  before  the  high  altar  in  the  presbytery  at  Wells,  but  his  tomb  was  removed  to  its 
present  situation  in  the  north  aisle,  close  to  the  second  column  from  the  east,  at  the  back  of  the  choir ;  because,  says 
Lelaud,  in  his  Itinerary,  vol.  iii.  p.  108,  it  obstructed  the  priests  in  their  ministiation.  BnixTON's  Wells  Calhedral, 
pp.  38,  39,  and  109.  See  also  Anglia  Sacra,  pars  i.  in  Fiiu  Uadulphi  de  Salopid,  p.  568,  Dugdale's  Mor.asticnn,  vol.  ii. 
pp.  278,  279. 

t  Monasticon,  vol.  vi.  p.  1466,  and  notes.     See,  also,  the  Appendix. 

t  Pat.  22.     Edward  III.  p.  3,  m.  16.     Pro  mansio  vicariorum  et  terris  in  Congresbury  et  Woky. 

§  See  this  deed  of  gift  in  the  Appendix. 

II  Pat.  26.  Edward  HI.  p.  2,  m.  6.  Pro  ten.  in  Wellesle,  Eston,  et  Dulcot,  ex  douo  feofl'atorum  Walter!  de  HuUe, 
archdiacon.     Batboa. 


VICARS    CLOSE  AT  WELLS.  3 

Godvvyn  says,  that  a  picture  of  inferior  workmanship,  expressive  of  the 
memory  of  this  benefit,  was  placed  on  the  wall  over  the  porch  leading  to  the 
hall  stall's,  in  which  the  vicars,  kneeling  in  the  choir,  seemed  to  address  the 
bishop,  seated  on  his  throne,  in  the  following  words:  — 

"  Per  vicos  positi  villoe,  pater  almc  rogamus, 
"  Ut  simul  uniti,  te  dante  domos  maneamus :" 

to  whom  he  thus  seemed  to  reply  : — 

"  Vestra  petuut  merita,  quod  sint  concessa  petita  ; 
"  Ut  maneatis  ita,  loca  fecimus  hie  stabilita  :" 

and  mentions  that,  this  picture  being  nearly  worn  out,  another  of  excellent 
workmanship  was  placed  in  the  hall,  commemorative  of  this  and  other 
donations,  of  which  more  will  be  said  hereafter.*  Time  must  have  made 
sad  havoc  of  the  buildings  erected  by  this  prelate,  as  few  traces  now 
remain  of  the  original  design ;  it  will  be  seen,  however,  by  referring  to 
Plate  XXII.,  which  shews  a  longitudinal  section  of  the  hall,  kitchen,  &c.  &c., 
that  the  room  under,  and  the  two  light-windows  in,  the  hall,  which  latter 
are  given  on  a  larger  scale  in  Plate  XXL,  are  much  older  than  the  other 
portions,  being  beautiful  examples  of  the  Decorated  Style.  It  may  safely  be 
presumed  that  there  were  more  of  those  windows,  and  that  a  symmetrical 
aiTangement  existed,  as,  in  plan,  there  are  two  exactly  opposite  each  other 
in  the  north  and  south  walls  east  of  the  present  doors.  Three  only  remain,  one 
towards  the  road  shewn  in  Plate  XIV.,  and  two  towards  the  Close,  Plate  XX. ; 
the  others  must  have  been  destroyed  by  alterations  and  additions  made  by 
subsequent  benefactors.  The  windows  of  the  chapel  on  the  ground-floor, 
see  Plates  VII.  and  X.,  seem  also  of  the  same  period,  the  door  having  been 
inserted  under  the  tracery-head  of  one  of  them  ;  which,  on  examining  the 
masonry,  will  be  found  to  be  the  case,  there  being  a  straight  joint  on  the 
right-hand  jamb,  from  the  spring  to  the  ground,  and  the  basement  moulding 
has  been  cut  away,  as  shewn  in  Plate  VII. ;  also,  in  the  west  wall,  there  is  an 
appearance  outwardly  of  a  counter-arch,  where,  probably,  a  door  existed, 
but  which  must  have  been  stopped  up  when  the  gardens  were  added  in 
front  of  the  houses. 

There  are  lettere  patent  referred  to  by  Tanner  in  the  time  of  Richard  II. 

*  GoDwvN,  De  Prcesulibus,  iu  Vita  Radulphi  de  SalopiS,  p.  376. 


ft  HISTORICAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE 

and  Henry  V.,  which  are  grants  to  this  college.*  The  former  may  liave 
been  in  the  time  of  Bishop  Ralph  Erglium,  who  was  a  great  benefactor  to 
the  Cathedral  Church  of  Wells,  having,  in  his  will,  requested  his  executors 
to  build  a  College  in  the  street  then  called  La  Moimtery,  but,  afterwards. 
College  Lane,  for  fourteen  priests^  or  chaplains,^  daily  ministering  in  the 
Cathedral,  that  they  might  live  in  common  together  :  this  has  been  by  some 
confounded  with  the  Vicars'  Close ;  and  in  notes  taken  by  S.  and  N,  Buck,§ 
at  Wells,  this  prelate  is  made  the  "  founder"  of  "  a  neat  college  for  the 
vicars  and  singing  men,  on  the  north  side  of  the  Cathedral ; "  evidently 
referring  to  the  Vicars'  College  ;  but  IMounteri)  College,  or  Moiinterox 
College,  was  destroyed,  its  revenues  were  confiscated  at  the  time  of  the 
suppression  of  the  monasteries,]!  and,  in  the  reign  of  Elizabeth,  a  mansion 
was  built  on  its  site,  which  went  by  the  name  of  Mountroij  House.  This 
mansion  was  pulled  down  about  five  years  ago,  and  the  site  thrown  into  a 
pleasure-ground.  These  worthies  have  also  made  him  the  builder  of  the 
embattled  wall  round  the  Bishop's  Palace  :  and  in  pages  50  and  51  of  the 
Lansd.  IMS.  905,  interlined  but  erased,  is  the  name  of  Ralph  de  Shrezvsbury, 
as  if  the  writer  had  received  contradictory  information.^ 

The  grant  in  Henry  the  Fifth's  time  may  have  been  bestowed  by  Bishop 

•  TjiNNEn,  Kutit.  Monast.  XLll.  Somersetshire. — Pat.  1.  Richard  II.  p.  5,  m.  IP,  pro  eccl.  de  Meriet  approprianda.^ 
Pat.  1.  Henry  V.  p.  3,  m.  8. 

•f-  Sacerdotibus  porro  quatnordecim  CoUegiura  fundavit  Welliie,  ad  esituin  vici  qui  inde  College  Lane  appellatur. — 
GoDWYN,  De  PrtE:iiUibus,  p.  378. 

i  Fecit  etiam  construi  per  Executores  suos  in  vico  vocato  La  Monnterue,  mansiones  pro  XIV.  Capelknm  in  dicta 
Ecclesiii  Wellensi  indies  celebrantibus.  AiigUa  Sacra,  pars  i.  p.  570.  See,  also,  Harl.  MSS.  69(58,  under  the  head 
o(  Komiiia  Eporum  in  Somers.,  in  which  the  above  quotation,  in  the  notice  of  Ralph  Erjjhuni,  occurs  verbatim,  aud  is 
extracted  from  the  register  of  Wells. 

§  Mus,  Brit.  Bibl.  Lansd,  1233,  LXXIX,  G.  "  Ralph  Erghura  built  a  neat  college  for  vicars  and  singing 
men,  adjoining  to  the  N.  part  of  the  church :  and  also  enclosed  the  Bp*  palace  with  a  wall,  [but  certainly  Ralph 
Erghum  did  it.]  Qui  ob  10  April  die  Sabbi,  &  vallavit  muris  et  fossis  Palatm  Jipi.  apd.  Wells,  et  jacet  ibm 
A.u.  M.CCCC.  ha  duical  C.  i.  e.  on  the  Sabbath  day."— Ibid,  905,  PL.  LXXIX.  F.  pp.  49  and  50.  "The  palace  on 
the  south  side  of  the  cathedral  is  neatly  built,  and,  on  that  side,  appears  like  a  castle,  being  fortified  with  an 
embattled  wall  and  a  ditch  by  Ralph  de  Erghum,  who  came  to  the  chair  a.d.  1383.  He  also  made  the  college  for 
the  vicars  and  singing  men  on  the  north  side  of  the  church." 

II   Willis's  Mitred  Abbeys,  vol.  ii.  p.  200. 

IF  Lansdowne  MS.  905,  LXXIX.  F.  p.  50.  "  The  Bp"  Palace  on  the  So.  side  the  cathedral  is  a  fabrick  to 
be  admired  for  its  grandeur,  looking  towards  the  South  like  a  Castle,  being  fortified  with  an  embattled  wall 
*'  by  Ralph  de  Erghura  :  by  Ralph  do  Shrowcbury,  Bp  of  WcUcno  hero." 

and  a  ditch,  and  the  prebendarys  houses  are  handsomely  built  on  tho  other  side.  This  Bp  also  built  a  neat 
college  for  the  vicars  and  singing  men  on  the  North  side  of  the  Church."  And,  in  p.  51,  "The  Bishop's  Palace 
is  a  handsome  structure,  standing  on  the  south  side  of  the  Cathedral,  and  appears  like  a  Castle,  being  fortified 
with  an  embattled  wall  and  a  ditch,  by  Ralph  de  Erghum,  elected  bishop  a.d.  1388.  He  also  built  a  neat  college 
for  the  vicars  and  singing  men  on  the  North  side  of  the  Cathedral." 

In  Camden's  Britannia,  Bishop  Erghum  is  also  said  to  have  built  the  "  College  of  Vicars,  first  founded  by 
E,.  de  Salopia,''  and  "enlarged  by  Bekington,"  see  vol.  i.  p.  77,  London,  1789.  See,  also,  p.  187  of  the  edition, 
London,  1772.     See  Pucin's  Examples,  2d  series,  p.  43, 


VICARS    CLOSE  AT  WELLS.  5 

Nicholas  Bubivith,  as  his  arms  occur  on   the  door  of  the   Chapel,  and  also 
on  the  painted  glass  of  the  windows. 

The  next  and  principal  addition  made  to  this  building  was  by  Bishop 
Thomas  Beckington,*  who  built  the  Close-Hall-Gate,  or  Chain-Gate,  which 
connects  the  Vicars'  Close  with  the  Cathedral ;  it  extends  from  the  Hall  to  the 
staircase  leading  (from  the  North  Transept)  to  the  Chapter  House ;  of 
which  the  flight  is  continued  to  the  floor  of  the  gallery  over  this  gateway. 
This  eminent  and  distinguished  person,  who,  by  Godwyn,  is  characterised  as 
"  a  good  statesman,  a  good  churchman,  a  good  townsman,  a  good  subject, 
a  good  kinsman,  a  good  master,  and  a  good  man,"  was  a  munificent 
benefactor  to  the  church  and  city  of  Wells.  Soon  after  his  promotion  to 
this  see,  he  built  a  row  of  houses  on  the  north  side  of  the  Market-place, 
which  he  called  his  Nova  Opera ;  and  granted  a  supply  of  water  fiom  St. 
Andrew's  Well,  in  the  grounds  of  the  Episcopal  Palace,  to  a  conduit  in  the 
market-place,  flowing  night  and  day,  which  he  vested  in  the  master,  brethren, 
and  burgesses  of  the  City  of  Wells  for  ever;  f  in  commemoration  of  which 
benefit,  they  bound  themselves  to  visit  yearly  the  spot  in  the  cathedral  where 
he  should  be  interred,  there  to  pray  for  his  soul,  and  the  souls  of  all  the 
faithful  deceased  :  and  he  granted  an  indulgence  of  forty  days  to  all  such  as 

*  Thomas  de  Beckington,  LL.D.,  succeeded  to  the  see  of  Bath  and  Wells  on  the  13th  of  October,  1443,  in  the 
peaceable  enjoyment  of  which  he  remained  till  his  death,  which  took  place  on  the  14th  of  January,  1464-5.  He  seems 
to  liave  been  of  obscure  origin,  as  he  took  his  name  from  the  small  town  of  Beckington,  near  Frome,  Somersetshire  ; 
and  in  a  Journal  of  Beck-ington,  published  in  1828  by  Nicholas  Harris  Nicolas,  Esq.,  Barrister-at-Law,  it  is  conjectured 
that  his  birth  took  place  about  1385,  which  would  make  him  80  years  of  age  at  his  death ;  this  is  by  no  means  impro- 
bable, as  he  was  obliged  to  apply  for  permission  to  absent  himself  from  parliament  on  account  of  his  advanced  age. 
He  was  educated  at  William  de  Wykeham's  College,  at  Winchester;  and,  whilst  there,  seems  to  hare  attracted  the 
attention  of  that  prelate  for  his  abilities  and  comeliness  of  person ;  having  distinguished  himself,  he  was  removed  to 
Wykeham's  New  College,  at  Oxford,  of  which  he  became  a  fellow  in  1408  ;  he  took  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws, 
and  obtained  various  ecclesiastical  dignities.  He  was  afterwards  appointed  tutor  to  the  young  King  Henr)'  VI. 
was  made  Dean  of  the  Arches,  Chancellor  to  Humphrey,  duke  of  Gloucester,  Archdeacon  of  Buckingham,  Prebendary  of 
Lichfield,  York,  and  Wells,  Rector  of  St.  Leonard's,  near  Hastings,  and  of  Sutton,  in  the  diocess  of  Salisbury.  He  seems 
to  have  acquired  great  fame  by  writing  a  refutation  of  the  Salique  Law,  which  proved  the  right  of  the  Kings  of  England 
to  the  crown  of  France.  This  called  forth  additional  favours  from  the  court,  and  he  was  made  principal  Secretary  of 
State  and  Keeper  of  the  Privy  Seal.  In  1442,  he  was  intrusted,  together  with  Robert  Roos,  knt.,  and  Edward  Hull,  esq., 
with  an  embassy  to  negotiate  a  marriage  between  the  king,  Henry  VL,  and  a  daughter  of  the  Count  of  Armagaac. 
Henry  at  length  got  him  elected  to  this  see,  to  which  he  was  consecrated  in  Eton  College  Chapel,  October  l3tb,  a.d. 
1443. — See  a  Life  of  this  bishop  affixed  to  a  Journal  of  one  of  the  Suite  of  Beckington,  by  Nicholas  Harris  Nicolas,  Esq., 
Barrister-at-Law.  Godwyn,  De  Vrcemlihus,  Brixton's  Wells  Cathedral,  pp.  43-48,  and  111,  Anglia  Sacra.  Willis's 
Survei)  of  Cathedrals,  &jc.     C*ssa's's  Lives  of  the  Bishops  of  Bath  a  nd   Wells. 

By  many,  Bectington  is  styled  the  Founder  of  the  Vicars'  Close ;  but  he  himself  did  not  presume  to  such 
distinction;  as,  in  the  statutes  and  injunctions  revised  by  him,  is  one  which  enjoins,  *'That  every  vicar  going  out 
or  going  in  att  the  Close  Gate  shall  say  a  Pater  Noster  and  an  Ave  ]Maria  for  the  soul  of  the  Bisiiop  Ralph  of  Shrewsbury, 
founder  of  the  said  Close,  and  for  the  souls  of  his  predecessors,  ffuthers,  and  mothers,  and  their  benefactors,  and  for 
all  Christian  souls." — The  Statutes  and  Charter  of  Close  Hall,  p.  12,  MS.  in  the  possession  of  the  Bishop  of  Bath  and 
Wells. 

t  GoDwvN',  De  Prasulibns,  p.  380. 


6  HISTORICAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE 

sliould  duly  perform  this  solemn  service.  He  built  three  gate-houses, 
one  leading  from  the  Market-place  into  the  palace,  one  from  the  same  into 
the  Cathedral  Close  to  the  south,  and  a  third,  the  Chain-gate  referred  to,  ex- 
tending from  the  Vicars'  Close  to  the  cathedral  on  the  north,  which  seems  to 
have  been  the  principal  addition  made  to  this  building  by  him  in  his  lifetime ; 
see  Plate  XVII.-XVIII.,  which  shews  a  transverse  section  through  the  hall 
looking  west,  with  an  elevation  of  this  gate-house  on  the  left  or  south  side,  and 
the  tower  and  staircase,  on  the  right  or  north  side,  ascending  from  the  close  to 
the  hall.  This  gateway,  which  formed  the  entrance  into  the  Cathedral  Close 
from  the  north-west,  consists  of  a  vaulted  carriage-way  and  a  passage  on  each 
side  for  pedestrians  ;  over  these,  and  leading  from  the  hall  into  the  chapter-house 
staircase,  is  a  gallery  of  communication  for  the  vicars-choral  when  required  to 
perform  service  in  the  choir.*  This  building  is  chaste  and  elegant  in  design, 
and  is  ornamented  with  mouldings  beautifully  executed  in  freestone  ;  over  the 
centre  arch  are  two  compartments  or  bays,  divided  by  enriched  pinnacles  ter- 
minating in  crockets  and  finials  above  a  panelled  parapet ;  each  bay  contains 
a  window  of  two  lights,  divided  by  a  transom,  with  a  canopied  niche  and 
statue  in  the  centre,  under  one  arch  and  label;  one  of  these  compartments  is 
shewn  on  a  larger  scale  in  Plate  XIX.  Over  each  passage  is  a  window  of  two 
lights  with  similar  tracery,  and  the  same  design  is  carried  through,  by  windows 
of  three  lights,  till  it  abuts  against  the  north  wall  of  the  chapter-house  staircase, 
except  that  the  pinnacles  are  stopped  under  the  parapet  by  a  sculptured  head 
or  foliated  boss.  On  this  building  Beckington's  arms  and  rebus  occur  three 
times,  viz.  on  the  key-stone  of  the  vaulting,  and  under  each  of  the  two  windows 
of  the  small  ante-room  which  communicates  from  the  hall  to  the  passage  or 
withdrawing-room.     See  Plates  XII.,  XIV.,  and  XVII.-XVIII. 

In  his  will,  after  various  bequests    to    the    churches  of  Bath  and  Wells, 

*  Itineraritim   Willelmi  de   Wcrrcestre,  ed.  J.  Nasmith,  1778,  p.  286.     Under  the  works  by  Beckington,  at  Wells, 
he  has  the  following  referring  to  this  gateway  :   "  Item  fecit  aliam  portam  apud  le  close,  estendendo  de  le  close  usque 

le  cathedrall  chyrch  per  vias  et  voltain  sicco  pede  cooperto  ad  mat et  constabat  in  edificiis  ultra  D  marcas." 

See  CoLUNSON,  vol.  iii.  p.  403.  In  Britton*s  Wells  Cathedral,  PI.  Ill,  shews  the  commencement  of  the  staircase, 
from  the  north  transept  to  the  chapter-house  on  the  left  of  the  picture;  PI.  I.,  ground  plan,  shews,  in  the  plan  of  the 
chapter-house,  the  stairs  continued  beyond  the  entrance,  up  to  the  Vicars'  Gallery  ^  PI.  IV.  shews  the  west  elevation  of 
this  gateway,  but  the  two  centre  windows  ought  Lot  to  be  shewn  glazed  in  the  middle,  as  statues  occupy  niches  there  ; 
PI.  XX.  shews  a  view  of  the  Entrance  Gateway  of  the  Close,  and  the  Chain-gate  and  gallery,  from  the  east ;  PI.  XVIII. 
shews  an  interior  of  the  staircase  to  the  chapter-house,  which  leads  up  to  the  Vicars'  Gallery,  the  steps  winding 
to  the  right  into  the  chapter-house.  In  Briiton's  Picturesque  Antiquities  of  English  Cities  are  two  perspective 
views  of  the  Vicars'  Close,  Wells  ;  one  shewing  The  Chapel ;  on  the  left,  part  of  the  Chaplain's  House,  and  on  the 
right,  part  of  the  Vicars'  Dicellings,  and  one  of  the  small  Porches,  which  has  a  good  effect.  The  otlier  is  a  view 
through  the  Entrance  Cateuaii,  shewing  the  Vicars'  Dwellings,  and  the  Chapel  in  the  distance.  —  See  p.  72  of  the 
Descriptions. 


VICARS    CLOSE  AT  WELLS.  7 

and  others  in  his  diocess,  as  also  to  his  servants  and  dependants,  he  left 
twenty  pounds  to  each  of  his  three  executors,  who  were  Richard  Szmn*  Pre- 
centor of  Wells  and  Rector  of  Yevelton ;  Hugh  Sugar,  alias  Norris,  LL.D.,^^ 
Treasurer  of  Wells ;  and  John  Pope*  alias  Talbot,  D.D.,  Prebendary  of 
St.  Decumans,  and  Rector  of  Shyre  ;  with  a  request  that  they  would  bestow 
the  residue  of  his  property  "In  pios  usus :"  a  trust  which  they  conscientiously 
fulfilled  by  adding  to  the  Close  or  College  of  the  Vicars-choral,  which  they 
rendered  the  most  beautiful  of  the  kind  in  England.;!:  It  is  to  be  presumed 
that  they  restored  or  rebuilt  entirely  the  Vicars'  Dwellings,  which  consist 
of  forty-two  houses,  twenty-one  on  each  side  of  the  area,  with  gardens 
attached,  divided  by  dwarf  walls,  and  having  each  a  porch  at  the  entrance  ;  as 
on  the  chimney-shafts  of  these  houses,  under  the  arms  of  the  see  and  those  of 
Beckington  alternately,  their  several  rebuses  are  introduced  successively.  See 
Plates  il.  and  IV. 

•  Jolin  Pope  &  Ric.  Swan,  clici,  dederunt  monerium  de  Schepliam  A;  adrocacoem  ecclicp  ejusd.,  qua;  habuenmt  ex 
dono  et  feoflamento  Tbo.  de  Bekvnton  epT,  \\  illo  Witham,  decaao  Well,  et  capitulo,  ac  alruin  totum  jus  suum  in  manerio 
de  Ceddre  eisdem  decano  et  capitulo,  in  usum  et  sustentacoem  vicariorum  choralium  eccl.  catb.  Well.  9.  E.  IV."  —  Harl. 
MSS.  69o8.  p.  65. 

t  Hugh  Sugar,  alias  Norris,  LL.D.,  was  collated  Archdeacon  of  Bath,  Feb.  26,  1459,  and  Treasurer  of  Wells, 
May  1,  1460  ;  be  died  in  tbe  latter  end  of  April,  or  beginning  of  ftlay,  1489  (Le  Neve's  Fasti),  as  on  tbe  29tb  of  Way, 
1489,  Oliver  Benbam  was  installed,  by  procuration.  Prebendary  of  Lutton,  vacant  by  his  death. — Harl.  MSS.  6968.  By 
the  same  SIS.  it  appears,  that  he  was  at  continual  variance  with  tbe  dean  and  chapter,  as,  in  vigil  Pascb.  Richard 
Wortbington,  of  Wells,  was  unjustly  and  privily  installed  Precentor  of  Wells,  and  Prebendary  of  Combe  12  annexed,  by 
Hugh  Sugar,  tbe  treasurer,  against  tlie  statutes  and  ordinances  of  tbe  church.  Tbe  dean  and  chapter  wrote  two 
admonitory  letters,  but  be  refused  to  give  up  tbe  three  keys  of  tbe  common  seal  which  were  in  his  keeping ;  and,  on  the 
19th  May,  1487,  it  was  ordained  by  the  dean  and  chapter,  that  in  the  suit  pending  between  tbe  dean  and  chapter  of 
the  one  part,  and  Richard  Wortbington,  the  rejected  precentor,  of  the  other  part,  that  the  three  keys  which  were  in 
tbe  custody  of  Hugh  Sugar,  as  senior  residentiary,  sliould  remain  in  the  hands  of  the  precentor  or  the  next  senior 
residentiary,  and  that  tbe  said  Hugh  Sugar,  in  the  absence  of  the  dean  and  sub-dean,  should  not  occupy  the  place  of 
president  of  the  chapter,  hut  the  precentor,  or  the  next  senior  residentiary.  Richard  Wortbington  was  fined  twenty 
pounds  for  disobedience  and  contempt ;  he  submitted  to  the  dean  and  chapter,  and  was  forthwith  admitted  Precentor 
of  Wells,  and  installed  Prebendary  of  Combe  12,  annexed  to  that  office,  vacant  by  the  death  of  Richard  Su-aii.  On 
tbe  19th  Oct.  1487,  there  was  a  dispute  beweeen  him  and  tbe  dean  and  chapter,  for  felling  and  injuring  trees  growing  in 
the  cemetery,  and  for  letting  out  graves,  also  for  neglecting  to  supply  lights  for  divine  service,  settled  by  compromise. 
On  the  2d  of  April,  1488,  an  ecclesiastical  suit  was  instituted  against  Hugh  Sugar,  for  diminishing  the  number  of  lights, 
and  for  other  serious  injuries.  Hugh  Sugar  is  said  by  Godwvn,  De  Prcesitiihus,  ]>.  381 ,  to  have  built  the  beautiful 
Chauntrii  Chapel,  opposite  to  that  of  Bishop  L'ubvvitb,  in  the  Kare;  hut  by  this  MS.  it  appears  that  it  was  built  by  his, 
Svgar*s,  e.tecutor,  William  Bocat,  in  lieu  of  a  wooden  one,  which  origiuallv  stood  there :  "  22  Jun.  1489,  Mag*"  Will.  Bocat. 
canon  resident,  nomine  ac  vice  executor  IMa^ri  Hug.  Sugar,  nut>.  Thesauri  licentiam  petiit  a  dec.  et  capilo,  ad  pro- 
sternend.  &  abstrahend.  capellam  ligneara  in  navi  ecclk-e  &  ne  novo  erigend.  &  reedificand.  eande  ibidem."  Mr.  Britton 
has  cited  Godwyn,  see  p.  112,  Hist,  of  ]VeUs  Cathedral.  He  built  a  stone  lantern,  which  was  removed  by  the  .order  of 
tbe  dean  and  chapter.  "  7  Sep.  1489,  decretu  est  q''  duo  cerei  ardere  deberent  in  pulpito  juxta  antiquam  consuetudinem 
diiE  eccl.  ac  prout  juxta  ordinale  ejusd.  ecclue  ordinatur  :  decietum  etiam  est  q''  laterna  lapidea  imp  p  Mag.  Hug. 
Sugar  facta  et  constrncta  distruatur  et  araoveatur."     This,  probably,  may  liave  led  to  the  mistake. 

J  "  Opes  ab  Episcopo  relictas  impenderunt  isti  universas,  in  Collegia  augendo  Vicariorum  Choralium ;  quod  omnium 
fotius  Angliffi  ejus  generis  speciosissimiun  reddiderunt." — Godwvn,  De  Prcesulihus,  p.  831.  "  Under  three  Gravestones, 
parallel  to  each  other,  lie  Sugar,  Swan,  and  Talhnt,  executors  of  Bishop  Beckington,  who  finished  the  Vicars'  Choral  Close: 
of  whom  see  an  account  in  Godwvn,  De  PriEsu/idus.''— Willis's  Mitred  Abbeys,  vol.  ii.  p.  375. 


8  HISTORICAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE 

On  the  side  of  the  south  oriel  window  of  the  hall  is  a  shield  bearing  a 
cross  of  St.  Andrew,  with  the  name  of  Eiru6  ^3omfrOJ)  (see  Plates  XV.  and 
XVI.)  ;  but  to  whom  this  refers  it  is  difficult  to  say  :  these  two  windows 
and  the  fire-place  bear  marks  of  later  date  than  any  other  portion  of  the 
building,  and  seem  inserted  after  it  was  finished,  as  the  manner  in  which 
the  oriel,  shewn  in  Plate  XV.,  cuts  into  the  buttress,  indicates.  On  the 
chimney-piece  of  the  hall  this  benefactor's  name  again  occurs  in  a  flowing 
scroll,  which  runs  thus  : 

In  bcsiris  prect  j^abrat*  tomtiiatu  bom  Hi'cartiu  ^omrog  (lucm  salfatt  Efts,    amrit. 

On  this  scroll,  at  intervals,  are  five  shields  emblazoned ;  the  first  very  nearly 
resembles  the  arms  borne  by  Sir  John  Trevellyan,  of  Nettlecombe  Hall, 
V^^iveliscombe,*  in  this  county,  at  which  place  Ralph  of  Shrewsbury  died  ; 
the  next  those  of  Beckington  ;  the  centre  are  the  royal  arms  of  England  and 
France ;  the  next  those  of  Bath  and  Wells  impaled  in  one ;  and  the  last 
resembles  those  which  Edmonstone  gives  for  the  name  of  Pomeroy,-j-  the 
blazoning  only  being  different,  which  may  easily  be  accounted  for,  as  they  are 
painted,  and  in  renewing  them  they  may  have  been  varied.  Ralph  Pomeroy, 
the  first  of  that  name  in  this  country,  accompanied  William  the  Conqueror 
from  Normandy ;  he  was  a  Norman  by  birth,  and  for  his  valuable  assistance  in 
the  Conquest  by  that  prince  had  fifty-eight  lordships  granted  to  him  in  Devon, 
and  others  in  So?nerset.  The  first  of  the  name  of  Richard,  which  occurs  in  this 
family,  was  Sir  Richard  Pomerai,  Knt.,  eldest  son  of  Henry  Pomerai  and  Alice, 
daughter  of  Walter  Pvaleigh  of  Fardell,  his  first  wife  ;  whose  son.  Sir  Edward 
Pomerai,  was  a  Knight  of  the  Bath  at  the  creation  of  Henry  Prince  of  Wales, 
afterwards  King  Henry  VHI. :  \  whether  this  was  the  person  remains  doubtful, 
but  seems  more  than  probable  from  the  connexion  of  the  family  with  this 
county.  From  this  family  Lord  Harberton,  of  Carbery,  in  the  county  of 
Kildare,  Ireland,  is  descended,  and  the  arms  borne  by  that  nobleman  very  nearly 
resemble  those  before-mentioned. 

•  The  Trevillian  arms,  according  to  Edmonstone,'  are  "  gu.  ten  bars  ivavy  or.  and  n:.,  a  derai.horse,  issuant 
rampant,  or.:"  and  these  are  tlie  only  arms  charged  with  a  deini-horse  issuant  ramjmnt. — Heraldru,  vol.  ii.  p.  34  of  the 
Ordinani  of  Ar7ns> 

t  The  Pomerii,  or  Pommeroii  arms,  given  by  the  same  author,  are  "  or,  a  lion  rampant  gu.,  within  a  bordure  engrailed 
sable." — Ibid.  p.  18,  ihid. 

t  Lodge's  Peerage  of  Ireland,  vol.  vii.  p.  216.  The  name  was  first  written  de  Pomerio,  afterwards  de  Pomery,  and  now 
Pomerou. —  Ibid.  p.  214. 

$  They  are,  or,  within  a  bordure  engrailed  sable,  a  lion  rampant  gules,  holding  in  the  dexter  fore-paw  an  apple 
slipped.— Debrett's  Complete  Peerage,  1836,  p.  521.  This  family  were  possessed  for  centuries  of  Berry-Pomeroy  Castle, 
Co.  Devon. 


vicars'  close  at  wells.  -  9 

On  a  building  adjoining  the  west  wall  of  this  chapel,  which  may  be  con- 
sidered as  part  of  the  chaplain's  dwelling,  under  a  large  window  (now  nearly 
destroyed)  are  four  shields ;  the  first  bears  the  arms  of  Beckington  ;  the  second, 
those  of  the  see  of  Wells ;  the  third,  those  of  Bath  and  Wells  conjointly ;  and 
the  fourth,  quarterly ;  first  and  fourth,  argent,  three  blackmoors'  heads  proper, 
two  and  one  ;  second  and  third,  gules,  on  a  fesse,  between  three  leopards'  heads, 
or,  as  many  fleurs-de-lis,  sable  ;  the  last  quarterings  are  the  arms  of  Stillington, 
as  given  by  Edmonstone ;  and  Bishop  Stillington  succeeded  Beckington  in  this 
see,  A.D.  1466.* 

At  the  Reformation  this  establishment  did  not  share  the  fate  of  other 
religious  houses,  although  "  some  sacrilegious  people  had  hoped  to  spoil  it,"  but 
Elizabeth,  thinking  that  such  a  villanous  deed  would  not  be  borne,  granted  a 
charter,  which  is  dated  from  Westminster  in  the  twenty-fourth  year  of  her 
reign,  constituting  them  a  body  corporate  and  politic,  with  the  title  of  "  Principals, 
Seniors,  and  Vicars  Choral  of  the  Choir  in  the  Cathedral  Church  of  St.  Andrew 
at  Wells,"  and  allowed  them  a  common  seal.  It  restricts  their  number  to,  not 
less  than  fourteen,  nor  more  than  twenty. 

In  the  Hall  is  a  painting  which  represents  the  vicars  kneeling  before  the 
bishop,  Ralph  de  Salopia,  who  is  seated  on  his  throne  on  the  left  side  of  the 
picture,  holding  in  his  right  hand  a  petition  of  the  former,  which  runs  thus  : — 

^er  biccs  posfti  btlla, 
patci  alme  rogamus, 
sat  simul  um'tj,  a 
Irante  ijomos  maiuamus. 

And  in  his  left  hand  is  his  answer,  to  which  the  episcopal  seal  is  attached,  and 

runs  thus : — 

F'tstra  pctunt  mmta, 
quolJ  sint  toncfssa  pctfta: 
sat  mancatts  tta, 
Iota  fctimus  j&it  stabilita. 

And  on  the  painting  are  the  arms  of  the  see  of  Bath  and  Wells.  This  picture 
must  be  the  one  alluded  to  by  Godwyn,f  and,  after  the  confirmation  of  their 
charter  by  Queen  Elizabeth,  must  have  been  added  to,  as  the  seventeen  figures 
to  the  right  of  those  kneeling  are  entirely  in  a  different  costume,  with  ruffles 

•  CoUinson  gives  these  the  same  as  above,  but,  erroneously,  fusils  instead  ol fleurs-de-lis ;  he  does  not  say  whose 
they  are. — Vol.  iii.  p.  376. 

t  De  PritsuUbus,  in  Vita  Sadulphi  de  Salopia.  • 

C 


10  HISTORICAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE 

such  as  were  worn  in  Elizabeth's  time ;  between  is  a  portion  of  a  curtain,  as  if 
the  original  had  extended  no  further;  these  figures,  also,  are  larger,  and  do  not  at 
all  harmonise  with  the  others :  immediately  under  the  bishop  is  the  following 
inscription,  which  must  have  been  added  at  the  same  time  :  — 

®uns  primus  stnixi't 

sitmma  pi'ctnie  linUulpfius 

iBispcrsis  nobis  fiospi'ttoquc  iiciitt 

artts,  ronsimilt  siuiiio 

pia  farta  sctutus, 

23rri{inQtonus  tas 

auxit  fionorf,  bonis. 

iSrgali  tanbcm  firmabit 

singula  nobis 

asscnsu,  prfntrps  ©li?abrtfja  suo. 

©I  jabftfia  bonis  nunquam 

contraria  ccrptts, 

aspirans  sttibifs  ©[i?abctija  bom's. 

I^is  nos  ornati  bonis. 

rrgt'na,  precamur 

S>tcptra  tcncns  bibas 

€5It?abct6a  bt'u. 

There  is  no  account  of  any  further  benefaction  to  this  body  since  the  last- 
named  charter  of  incorporation  granted  by  Queen  Elizabeth,  nor  of  any  addi- 
tion having  been  made  to  the  buildings;  and,  in  concluding  the  history  of 
this  unique  and  interesting  college,  which  Godwyn  says  "  the  executors  of 
Beckington  had  rendered  the  most  beautiful  of  the  kind  in  all  England,"  *  it 
were,  indeed,  to  be  wished  that  a  more  agreeable  task  were  allotted  to  the 
author,  than  a  faithful  description  of  the  manner  in  which  the  whole  Close 
has  been  maintained  in  repair  since  that  period.  It  would  naturally  enough 
be  supposed,  after  so  munificent  a  gift  by  the  founder,  and  so  many  valuable 
additions  to  the  temporalities  and  comforts  of  the  inhabitants  by  subsequent 
benefactors,  that  a  true  spirit  of  gratitude  would  have  been  manifested  among 
the  successors  of  those  immediately  receiving  so  sumptuous  an  asylum  with 
many  other  benefits,  and  that  their  first  care  would  have  been  to  retain,  as 
much  as  possible,  the  pristine  beauty  of  the  several  buildings  composing  their 

•  Opes  ab  Episcopo  relictas  impenderunt  isli  universas,  in  Collegio  augendo  Vicariorum  Choi-alium,  quod  omnium 
totius  AngliE  ejus  generis  speeiosissimum  reddiderunt Godwvn,  De  l^rtssuUbus,  in  Vitd  Toma  de  Beckingtm. 


vicars'  close  at  wells.  1 1 

college  and  delineated  in  the  following  Plates.  But,  alas,  how  lamentably  the 
reverse  of  this  has  been  the  case !  for  no  one,  who  was  not  intimately  acquainted 
with  the  peculiarities  of  the  various  styles  of  Gothic  architecture,  and  able  to 
discover  from  the  present  ruinous  condition  of  the  exquisitely  carved  work 
what  it  originally  has  been,  would  persuade  himself  that  these  were  faithful  re- 
presentations of  the  Vicars'  Close.  The  Chapel  he  would  find  in  disuse,  and 
filled  with  lumber  ;  the  ceiling  of  the  Hall  hanging  down  in  large  patches  ;  the 
rooms  under  converted  into  a  malting-house ;  the  houses  modernised  with 
common  sash-windows,  bastard  Italian  doors,  and  plain  parapets ;  and  a  com- 
mon shop-front  within  a  few  short  weeks  inserted  under  the  beautiful  little 
oriel  window  shewn  in  Plates  V.  and  VI.,  at  the  very  entrance  to  the  Close 
from  the  street :  and  this  bij  one  of  their  own  body,  as  if  in  positive  defiance  of 
the  advocates  of  good  taste  and  a  proper  feehng  of  reverence.  The  elegant 
pinnacles  and  panelled  parapet  of  the  gallery  over  the  Chain-Gate,  are  so  com- 
pletely decayed  and  ruinous,  that  the  loose  stones  threaten  danger  to  the  passers 
by,  and  the  profiles  of  the  mouldings  are  hai'dly  discernible.  On  a  visit  to 
Wells,  in  May  last,  the  author  could  not  but  congratulate  himself  that  his 
lamented  friend,  Mr.  Pugin,  had  so  opportunely  snatched,  as  it  were,  the 
beauties  of  this  example  of  Gothic  art  from  utter  oblivion,  and  that  he  should 
have  been  the  means  of  thus  handing  them  down  to  posterity.  He  knows  it  will 
be  advanced  by  the  participators  in  this  reckless  spoliation,  that  in  Catholic 
times,  when  celibacy  was  enjoined,  their  predecessors,  not  having  to  provide  for 
families,  could  better  afford  repairs ;  but  when  some  of  the  founder's  statutes 
and  injunctions  are  acknowledged,  all  should  be  equally  in  force,  and  one  of 
them  provides  for  the  repairs  of  each  house  by  its  respective  inhabitant  vicar. 
It  is  under  the  head  of  "  T/ie  Office  and  Pozcer  of  the  Principals,"  and  runs  thus  : 
"  Moreover  they  shall  yearly  see  and  oversee  the  defaults  of  every  man's  house 
situate  within  the  said  Close,  and  shall  judge  and  esteem  the  reparation  thereof, 
and  shall  admonish  the  said  vicars,  that,  within  a  certain  time  by  them  appointed, 
they  shall  sufficiently  repair  and  amend  all  such  faults  in  and  upon  their  houses 
under  certain  pains,  to  be  moderated  by  the  arbitrement  of  the  said  principals." 
The  original  number  of  thirteen  was  augmented  greatly  before  Beckington's 
time,  and  we  may  presume  kept  pace  with  the  augmentation  of  the  prebends,  as 
his  executors  provided  forty-two  houses  ;  which  number  corresponds  with  the 
number  of  prebendaries  at  present  attached  to  the  cathedral  who  are  not  resi- 
dentiary. By  Elizabeth's  charter,  as  before  stated,  their  number  was  restricted 
to  twenty  ;  consequently,  many  of  the  houses  have  been  thrown  into  one  and 


12  HISTORICAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  VICARS'  CLOSE  AT  WELLS. 

modernised,  retaining  only  the  mouldering  remains  of  the  elegant  chimney  shafts 
represented  in  Plate  IV.  Surely,  a  uniform  retention  of  the  original  design 
could  be  insisted  upon  by  the  bishop  as  visitor,  and,  also,  an  enforcement  of  the 
statutes  and  ordinances  by  the  principals,  who  seem  sadly  to  have  neglected 
their  duty,  in  thus  allowing  "  so  faire  a  place  "  to  hasten  to  decay. 


DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  PLATES. 


Plate  I.     General  Ground-plan  of  the  Vicars'  Close  and  the  Chain-Gate. 

This  is  a  Ground-plan  of  the  whole  range  of  buildings,  as  completed  by  Bishop 
Beckington  and  his  executors,  forming  the  Vicars'  College,  or  Close  ;  and 
also  of  the  Chain-Gate,  by  which  it  is  connected,  across  the  road,  with  the 
Cathedral  at  AA.  B  is  a  room  under  the  Coinmon  Hall,  used,  probably,  as  a 
beer-cellar.  C  is  a  vaulted  room  under  the  Kitchen,  communicating  with  other 
offices  to  the  left,  or  west.  D,  vaulting  ufider  the  Great  Staircase,  leading  from 
the  Close  to  the  Hall,  and  which  is  entered  at  F  by  a  richly  groined  Porch* 
under  the  Tozcer.j'  E  is  the  Entrance- Gatewai/  leading  from  the  road  or  street 
to  the  Close. J  GG  are  two  rows  of  houses  forming  the  Vicars'  Dwellings, 
each  containing,  on  the  ground-floor,  one  living-room,  a  staircase,  and  a  privy, 
with  a  small  garden  in  front,  walled  round,  and  entered  by  a  porch,  with  a 
yard  behind  ;  on  the  first  floor,  one  sleeping-room  :  each  room  has  a  fire-place, 
one  window  and  a  loop-hole  in  front,  and  one  window  in  the  rear.  §  H  is  a 
beautiful  little  Chapel  at  the  north  end  of  the  area,  connected  to  the  first 
house,  on  the  left  hand,  by  a  small  building,  supposed  to  have  formed  part 
of  the  chaplain's  dwelling,  which  is  ornamented  by  four  panels  under  the 
window,  containing  shields ;  the  first  to  the  left  hand  bears  the  arms  of  the 
see  of  Wells  ;  the  second,  those  of  the  united  see  of  Bath  and  Wells  ;  the  third, 
those  of  Beckington ;  and  the  fourth,  what  are  supposed  to  be  those  of  Stil- 
hngton  ;  these  last  are  delineated  in  Plate  VI*.  Over  the  Chapel  is  a  Library, 
approached  by  a  small  circular  staircase  in  the  north-west  corner.  ||  I  is  the 
situation,  on  the  first  floor,  of  the  elegant  little  Oriel  Window  represented  in 
Plates  V.  and  VI.  This  house,  we  may  safely  presume,  was  the  dwelling,  ori- 
ginally, of  one  of  the  principals  ;  it  communicates  with  the  entrance-gateway 
by  a  lobby  and  door.     KK  are  two  Wells,  which  have,  to  this  day,  a  plentiful 

*  A  plan  of  the  groining  is  given  in  Plate  XXV.  t  See  Plates  XVII.  and  XVII  I. 

X  This  portion  of  the  plan  will  be  better  understood  by  referring  to  Plates  XII.  and  XIII.,  and   the  descriptions  of 
the  same. 

§  These  houses  are  more  fully  delineated  in  Plates  II.,  III.,  IV.,  V.,  and  VI. 
II  See  Plates  VII.,  VIII.,  IX.,  X.,  and  XI. 


14  DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  PLATES. 

supply  of  water.  The  area  within  the  buildings  is,  from  N.  to  S.,436  feet  long, 
and  from  E.  to  W.,  at  the  north  end,  56  feet  broad,  and  at  the  south  end, 
65  feet  broad*  This  difference  in  the  breadth  may  be  accounted  for  by  a 
wish  on  the  part  of  the  architect  to  command  as  good  a  view  as  possible  from 
the  street  under  the  entrance-gateway,*  and  thereby  to  assist  the  perspective 
in  giving  an  idea  of  great  length.  The  width  within  the  garden  walls  in  the 
centre  of  the  area,  is,  at  the  north  end,  19  feet,  and  at  the  south  end,  21  feet : 
references  are  engraved  on  the  Plate  for  convenience. 

The  Vicars'  Dwellings. 

Plate  II.  shews  an  Elevation  of  each  house,  as  originally  completed,  on 
the  left-hand  side  of  the  Plate.  A  chimney-shaft  rises  from  the  ground,  between 
the  door  and  the  windows, — it  is  octagonal  at  top,  and  is  perforated  like  a 
lantern  by  two  openings  on  each  side  ;  immediately  above  the  cornice,  under 
the  eaves  of  the  roof,  is  a  panel  containing  a  quatrefoil  and  a  shield,  witii  the 
arms  of  the  united  see  of  Bath  and  Wells  impaled  in  one,  which  occurs  along 
the  whole  range  of  buildings  on  either  side,  with  those  of  the  see  of  Wells  and 
those  of  Beckington.  Below  the  coimice  is  another  panel,  which  also  contains 
a  shield,  bearing  the  rebus,  or  device  of  Richard  Sxvan,  one  of  Beckington's 
executors ;  this  occurs  consecutively  with  those  of  his  coadjutors,  Hugh  Sugar 
and  Joliii  Pope. — See  Plate  VI*.  On  the  right-hand  side  of  the  Plate  is  a  trans- 
verse section  of  each  house  cut  through  the  door-ways,  and  shews  a  profile  of 
the  chimney-shaft ;  it  will  be  better  understood  by  referring  to 

Plate  III.,  which  gives  a  Ground-plan  of  each  house  ;  the  rooms  are 
19  ft.  1 1  in.  by  12  ft.  10  in.  in  the  clear  inside.  The  staircase  lies  at  the  back,  and 
is  6  ft.  2  in.  square.  From  centre  to  centre  of  party-wall  is  21  ft.  This  Plate 
also  shews  a  longitudinal  section  of  each  house  ;  the  room  on  the  ground-floor 
is  8  ft.  7  in.  high ;  that  on  the  first  floor  is  8  ft.  9  in.  high  to  the  top  of  the  wall 
plate,  and  13  ft.  to  the  point  of  the  arched  rib.  This  section  shews  the  door, 
the  windozc's,  and  the  Ji re-places ;  also  the  oak  roof,  which  is  open  to  the  point 
of  the  rafters,  and  ornamented  with  moulded  ribs  and  cross-braces,  the  purlins 
being  canted  oiT  on  the  inside  angles ;  above  the  wall-plate,  the  ends  of  the 
rafters  are  concealed  by  a  neat  battlemented  cornice.f 

•  See  Plate  in  pnge  72  of  BnirroN's  Picturesque  Antiquilies  of  English  Cities,  wliere  this  very  view  is  given,  but 
shewing  the  modern  additions  to  the  houses. 

t  One  only  of  these  liouses  remained  in  its  original  state,  but  sadly  dilapidated,  when  Mr.  Pugin  visited  Wells;  and 
that  one  is  now  altered  and  modernised  ! !  I 


THE  vicars'  close  AT  WELLS.  15 

Plate  IV.  gives,  at  No.  1,  the  Chimneij-sliaft  to  a  larger  scale,  with  plans 
taken  at  different  heights,  and  sections  of  the  mouldings  still  larger,  which  are 
explained  by  letters  of  reference  on  the  Plate ;  and,  at  No.  2,  the  xoindow  of 
the  first  floor :  tliose  of  the  ground-floor  are  similar,  but  are  longer,  and  divided 
by  a  transom.     See  Plate  II. 

Plate  V.  This  Plate  shews  an  elevation  and  section  of  the  Oriel  Window, 
which  looks  into  the  street ;  it  is  terminated  at  the  top  by  mouldings,  in  three 
divisions,  or  stages,  surmounted  by  a  fleur-de-lis ;  below  the  sill  are  two 
quatrefoils  with  plain  shields  in  front,  and  one  in  each  angular  return.  It  is 
ornamented  below  by  tracery-headed  panels,  terminating  at  a  point  at  the 
bottom  and  resting  on  a  stone  corbel  sculptured  into  a  head.  This  window, 
no  doubt,  originally  had  tracery-headed  lights,  the  centre  divided  into  two  by 
a  mullion  as  shewn  in  dotted  lines,  which,  for  the  sake  of  modern  convenience, 
have  been  destroyed  and  cut  square.  A  plan  of  the  soffit,  or  corbelling,  is 
shewn  under  the  elevation.  The  section  shews  its  projection  from  the  wall, 
which  is  1  ft.  1  in. 

Plate  VI.  No.  2  is  a  plan  of  this  Oriel  Window,  half  shews  the  soflUt 
inside,  the  supposed  mullion  is  dotted  in :  to  the  left  are  different  details  and 
sections  of  the  mouldings  referred  to  the  section  on  Plate  V.  by  letters.  No.  1 
shews  the  end  elevation  of  the  east  row  of  houses  towards  the  street,*  in  the 
centre  of  which  the  Oriel  Window  is  situated.f  The  apex  of  the  gable  ter- 
minates in  a  finial,  and  is  surmounted  by  a  chimney-shaft  similar  to  that  shewn 
in  Plate  IV.  + 

Plate  VI*.  gives  one  of  the  Porches  at  the  entrance  of  each  garden,  with 
details  at  No.  1  ;  these  were  originally  surmounted  by  a  lion,  similar  to  that 
shewn  on  the  Conduit  in  the  Bishop's  Garden,  which  was  built  by  Beckington.§ 
These  porches,  however,  seem  to  be  of  a  later  date,  and  so  little  did  they  appear 

•  See  Letter  I,  Plate  L 

■f-  In  late  repairs,  a  small  wiudow  was  discovered  to  the  left  of  this,  but  was  immediately  stopped  up  again  and 
plastered  over;  under  this  unique  example  of  refined  taste,  a  modern  shop-front  has  been  inserted  by  one  of  the  seniors 
of  the  vicars  choral,  who,  being  a  baker  in  the  town,  I  presume  will  carry  on  his  trade  here.  At  the  same  time,  the 
window  itself  was  threatened  with  destruction,  and,  I  believe,  was  partly  removed,  but  restored  in  consequence  of  a 
general  outcry  against  such  wilful  spoliation  I 

J  The  chimney-shaft  in  this  gable  was  the  only  one  existing  from  which  the  lantern  top  could  be  sketched  and 
measured  ;  it  still  exists,  but  the  work  is  hardly  discernible. 

§  See  Plate  LXlll.,  and  page  47,  Pugin's  Eiamples  of'  Gothic  Architecture,  Second  Series. 


16  DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  PLATES. 

to  present  that  was  interesting,  that  it  was  not  intended  at  first  to  give  them  in 
this  work ;  but  on  a  visit  to  Wells,  the  author  was  so  much  pleased  with  their 
effect,*  that  this,  an  additional  Plate,  was  provided  to  include  them  and  the 
following  coats  of  arms.  No.  3  are  supposed  to  be  the  arms  of  Bishop  StiUhig- 
ton,  who  succeeded  Beckington  in  the  episcopal  chair,  and  in  whose  time  these 
buildings  were  completed  by  the  executors  of  the  latter :  they  are,  quarterly, 
first  and  fourth,  argent,  three  blackmoors'  heads  proper ;  second  and  third,  gules, 
on  a  fesse,  between  three  leopards'  heads,  or,  three  fleurs-de-lis  sable.^  The 
rebuses,  or  devices,  shewn  at  No.  2,  viz.  a  fesse  between  three  swans  for  Richard 
Swan;  the  letter^  and  three  sugar  loaves  for  Hugh  Sugar;  and  a  chevron 
between  two  roses  in  chief,  and  a  talbof  in  base,  for  John  Pope  or  Talbot ;  are 
those  of  Beckington's  three  executors.     See  description  of  Plate  II. 

The  Chapel  and  Library. 

Plate  VII.  On  the  right  hand  is  the  south  elevation  towards  the  Close, 
and  on  the  left,  a  transverse  section  looking  east.  The  lower  windows, 
it  will  be  seen,  are  of  an  earlier  date  than  those  above,  and  this  portion  of 
the  building  probably  formed  part  of  the  original  design  by  Bishop  Ralph  de 
Salopia;  the  Library  was  added,  probably,  by  Bishop  Beckington,  as,  on  the 
bell  turret,  shewn  in  Plate  XI.,  is  a  shield  impaling  the  arms  of  the  united 
see  of  Bath  and  Wells  with  those  of  Beckington.  The  windows  being 
square-headed,  and  the  parapet  adorned  with  three  elegant  niches,  both  of  a 
later  date  in  style  than  the  chapel  or  lower  windows,  seems  to  favour  this 
supposition ;  and  it  corresponds  with  others  of  his  works  in  this  city,  especially 
the  Entrance-Gateway  from  the  Market-place  to  the  Bishop's  Palace.  This 
Chapel,  originally,  was  entered  from  the  west,  as  before  mentioned  (page  3  of 
the  "  Historical  Account") ;  and  when  the  gardens  were  added  in  front  of  the 
houses,  the  door  was,  most  likely,  stopped  up,  as  in  the  west  wall  a  counter- 
arch  is  discernible  in  the  masonry,  and  another  inserted  under  the  spring  of 
one  of  the  windows.  In  the  Section  to  the  left  of  the  Plate  is  shewn  the  Altar 
with  two  niclies,  one  on  either  side,  raised  on  panelled  bases.  The  east 
window,  here  shewn,  is  now  blocked  up ;  there  is  also  a  window  to  the  east, 
in  the  Library  over ;  the  roof  of  this  room  is  open  to  the  point  of  the  rafters, 
the  ribs  being  slightly  moulded  and  resting  on  brackets. 

•  See  Bbitton's  Picturesque  Antiquities,  Plate  ia  page  72,  where  is  a  view  of  the  Chapel  in  the  Vicars'  Close,  and 
Ebews  one  of  these  Porches  in  perspective. 

t  Collinson  gives  the  same  arms  as  these  as  being  on  the  Chapel,  with  the  exception  of  the  fteursJe-lii,  which  he 
bss  erroneously  written /uii/j;  he  does  not  mention  to  whom  they  belong. — History  of  Somersetshire,  vol.  iii.  p.  403. 


THE  VICARS    CLOSE  AT  WELLS.  17 

Plate  VIII.  shews  at  the  bottom  a  Plan  of  the  Chapel,  one  half  of  the 
ceHing  is  dotted  in,  which  is  of  oak,  divided  into  four  compartments  by  richly 
moulded  girders,  each  divided  again  into  four,  which  are  again  subdivided  into 
four  panels ;  on  the  intersections  are  pateras  or  bosses,  one  of  which  is  drawn 
at  large  at  A.  Above  is  the  plan  of  the  Library,  which  communicates  with  the 
Chapel  by  a  small  circular  staircase ;  one  of  the  quarrels  of  the  windows  is 
given  one-third  full  size. 

Plate  IX.  gives  the  Door-case  and  Oak  Door  at  large  ;  on  the  tracery 
are  placed  four  shields,  wliich  are  so  mutilated  as  to  be  hardly  made  out :  the 
first,  to  the  left,  arms  unknown ;  on  the  second  are  those  of  the  united  see  of 
Bath  and  Wells,  on  the  sinister  side  of  the  saltier  ought  to  be  shewn  two  keys 
indorsed  ;  the  third  unknown ;  on  the  fourth  are  those  of  Nicholas  Bubwith, 
who  was  bishop  of  this  see  in  1407;  they  are  a.  f esse  engrailed,  gules,  between 
three  groups  of  conjoined  holhj-leaves,  four  in  each,  and  correspond  with  those 
on  his  monumental  chapel  in  the  nave  of  the  cathedral  :*  these  arms  occur, 
also,  in  the  stained  glass  of  the  chapel  windows.  In  the  jamb-mouldings  are 
pateras  to  correspond  in  design  with  the  windows,  under  one  of  which  this 
door-case  is  inserted. 

Plate  X.  contains  the  Windows  of  the  Chapel  and  Library  to  a  larger  scale ; 
one  of  the  lights  of  the  latter  is  shewn  glazed,  the  quarrels  are  like  that  given, 
one-third  the  full  size,  in  Plate  VIII. ;  it  also  contains  details  of  the  same. 

Plate  XI.  The  Bell-Turret  at  large,  in  elevation  and  profile;  the  shield 
impales  the  arms  of  the  united  see  of  Bath  and  Wells ;  which  are,  azure,  a 
saltier  per  saltier,  quarterly  quartered,  or  and  argent  [or  the  cross  of  St. 
Andrew,  who  is  the  patron-saint  of  the  church  of  Wells]  :  on  the  dexter  side 
of  the  saltier  are  two  keys  indorsed,  the  upper  or,  the  lower  argent,  and  on 
the  sinister  side,  a  sword  or,  charged  with  a  crosier  erect,  or  [these  are  the 
arms    of  Bath    Abbey]  :    with    those    of  Beckington,   viz.    argent    on   a  fesse 

•  Nicholas  Bubwith,  bishop  of  Sarum,  and  treasurer  of  England,  was  advanced  to  this  see  by  the  pope,  7th 
October,  1407.  He  contributed  considerably  to  the  N.W.  tower  of  the  Cathedral  at  Wells,  built  the  Library  over  the 
eastern  cloisters,  and  a  small  Chapel  leading  from  the  cloisters  themselves ;  ivhich  last,  however,  was  soon  afterwards 
destroyed  :  whether  this  door  originally  belonged  to  it  may  form  matter  of  conjecture,  but  does  not  seem  unlikely.  He 
also  constructed  a  small  Chantry  Chapel  in  the  nave,  wherein,  after  his  decease,  on  the  57th  October,  1424,  be  was 
buried,  having  appointed  three  priests  to  celebrate  a  daily  mass  there  for  the  good  of  his  soul.  He  also  founded  an 
Almshouse,  near  the  north  side  of  St.  Cutbbert's  Church  in  this  city,  and  erected  a  small  Chapel  in  Bath  Abbey. — 
Briiton's  Wells  Cathedral,  pp.  42  and  110. 

D 


18  DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  PLATES. 

azure,  between,  in  chief,  three  stags'  heads  caboshed,  gules,  attired  or  ;  and  in 
base  three  pheons,  two  and  one,  sable;  a  mitre  labelled  of  the  fourth.*  No.  2 
shews  one  of  the  niches  at  the  corner  of  the  parapet,  which  is  very  elegantly- 
designed,  with  buttresses,  pinnacles,  and  crockets ;  the  parapet-mouldbigs  are 
drawn  one-sixth  the  full  size. 

The  Common  Hall,  Entrance-Gateway,  and  the  Chain-Gate. 

Plate  XII.  is  a  Ground-plan  of  the  Entrance-Gateway  to  the  Close,  on 
the  right,  which  is  groined ;  from  the  street  are  two  entrances,  a  carriage- 
way and  a  foot-way,  see  A  B,  and  one  arch  leads  into  the  Close.  From 
this  gateway  a  door  opens  to  the  left  into  a  room  E  F,  which  probably 
served  as  a  beer-cellar ;  it  communicates  with  the  Hall  above,  by  a  circular 
staircase  out  of  one  of  the  four  arched  recesses  in  the  north  wall,  and  with 
the  Close  by  two  doors,  one  on  either  side  of  the  building  projecting  to  the 
north,  which  contains  the  Great  Staircase.  I  is  vaulting  under  the  stairs. 
G  H  is  vaulting  under  the  kitchen,  which  communicates  with  other  offices  to  the 
west,  where  we  may  presume  the  Bakehouse  was  situated.  Out  of  the  Entrance- 
Gateway,  another  door  opens  to  the  east,  into  what  we  may  safely  presume  to 
have  been  one  of  the  principals'  dwellings,  which  is  the  first  house  of  the  east 
row,  and  fronts  the  street ;  the  small  oriel  is  situated  in  the  south  gable  of  this 
house.  See  Plate  VI.  At  C  D,  under  the  Tower,  is  the  Porch  leading  to  the 
Great  Staircase,  which  is  richly  groined  ;  the  details  are  given  in  Plate  XXV.  to 
a  larger  scale.  To  the  south  is  the  Chain-Gate,  or  the  Close-Hall-Gate,  hvixM  by 
Beckington  over  the  road,  before  described.  The  centre  archway  is  an  oblong 
parallelogram,  and  is  groined  similai-ly  to  the  Entrance-Gateway,  except  that  in 
the  centre  is  a  panel  containing  the  Arms  of  Beckington  on  a  shield,  with  his 
rebus  on  each  side,  which  is  given  at  large  in  Plate  XXV.  Details  of  the 
Piers  are  given  one-eighth  the  full  size,  and  are  referred  by  letters.  References 
to  the  various  rooms,  &c.,  are  also  engraved  on  the  Plate  for  convenience. 

Plate  XIII.  is  the  First-floor  Plan  of  the  same  portion  :  it  shews  the 
Common  Hall;  to  the  west  of  which  is  the  Kitchen,  &c. ;  to  the  north  is  the 
Grand  Stah-case  before  referred  to,  it  leads  from  the  Close  to  the  Hall,  the 
ceiling  of  which  is  here  shewn.  In  the  Tower,  and  immediately  over  the  Porch, 
is  the  Munimoit  Room,  the  only  entrance  to  which  is  from  the  Hall  by  a  small 
circular  staircase  E,  into  a  room  over  the  Great  Staircase,  and  out  of  the  other 

•  A  Journal  ef  one  of  the  suite  of  Beckington,  by  Nicholas  Harris  Nicolas,  Esq.,  Bairister^t-Law,  1828,  p.  Isvii. 


THE  vicars'  close  AT  WELLS.  19 

extremity  of  this  room  is  another  small  circular  staircase  F,  leading  down  to  this 
room  of  safety.  A  better  mode  for  concealing  treasure  or  documents,  and  at 
the  same  time  for  lodging  them  in  safety,  could  hardly  be  imagined.  The 
dimensions  of  this  room  are  8  ft.  square,  and  it  is  fitted  up  with  strong  presses. 
Immediately  opposite  the  door  from  the  Grand  Staircase  is  one  leading  to  A, 
the  Small  Lohhij,  which  communicates  into  the  Vicars'  Gallertj,  B,  over  the 
Chain-Gate  ;  at  the  south  end  of  this  Gallery  a  door  opens  into  a  small  irregular 
Anteroom,  out  of  which  a  staircase  leads  direct  south,  into  that  by  which  the 
Chapter-House  is  ascended  from  the  north  transept  of  the  Cathedral ;  thereby 
always  ensuring  a  dry  walk  for  the  Vicars  Choral  when  required  to  perform 
divine  service.  Various  details  of  this  plan  are  given  one-eighth  the  full  size, 
some  one-fourth  the  full  size,  and  are  referred  by  letter.  References  to  the 
various  rooms  are  engraved  on  the  Plate  for  convenience. 

Plate  XIV.  shews  the  South  Elevation  of  the  Hall  and  Entrance-Gateway, 
together  with  a  section  taken  transversely  across  the  Chain-Gate  and  the  Vicars' 
Gallery.  It  will  be  seen  that  part  of  the  original  design  by  Ralph  of  Shrews- 
bury can  still  be  discovered  in  the  lancet-headed  window  of  two  lights,  divided 
by  a  heavy  muUion  and  transom.  The  style  is  quite  at  variance  with  the  Oriel 
Window  and  the  Entrance-Gateway,  the  former  being  quite  of  a  late  period  of 
the  Tudor,  and  the  latter  not  much  older. 

Plate  XV.  gives  an  Elevation  Section  and  details  of  the  Sotith  Oriel 
Windozo  in  the  Hall  over  the  Entrance-Gateway,  shewn  in  the  preceding  Plate. 
There  are  two  of  these  windows,  situated  opposite  each  other  at  the  east  end  of 
the  Hall,  and  must  have  been  inserted  after  the  buildings  were  completed,  as 
may  be  seen  by  the  manner  in  which  this  one  cuts  into  the  buttress  to  the 
right.  On  the  wall  inside  is  a  shield  in  stone,  bearing  the  arms  of  the  see  of 
Wells,  and  the  name  of  iUiruSi  PoUlCrOJ);  by  whom,  probably,  these  windows 
and  the  fireplace,  together  with  the  napkin  or  scroll-panelling  round  the  Hall, 
were  added. 

Plate  XVI.  gives  a  Plan  of  this  window,  one  half  of  the  Interior  Eleva- 
tion, and  one  half  of  the  SoJ^t  in  section,  together  with  different  details  referred 
by  letter  to  Plate  XV.  and  this. 

Plate  XVH.-XVIII.  A  double  Plate ;  shews,  in  the  centre,  a  Transverse 
Section  of  the  Hall  through  the  Oriel  Windows  and  Entrance-Gateway,  looking 


20  DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  PLATES. 

west.  To  the  left  is  the  east  elevation  of  the  Chain-Gate  and  Vicars'  Gallery, 
which  is  a  beautiful  and  unique  specimen  of  good  taste.  It  is  thought  by  some, 
that  Beckington,  by  whose  munificence  tliis  valuable  addition  was  made  to  the 
Vicars'  Close,  was  his  own  architect,  and  that  he  acquired  his  knowledge  from 
William  of  Wickham ;  which  is  not  improbable,  he  having  been  patronised  by 
that  distinguished  prelate,  and  of  whose  College  at  Oxford  he  was  a  fellow. 
It  is  of  the  Perpendicular  or  Tudor  Style,  before  it  acquired  that  excess  of 
ornament  observable  in  many  buildings  of  the  subsequent  periods.  On  the 
west  side  the  elevation  is  regular,  and  one  of  the  niches  contains  a  statue  of 
St.  Andrew :  whom  the  two  shewn  in  this  elevation  represent  is  not  known,  as 
they  are  so  much  decayed.  To  the  right  of  the  Hall  is  an  elevation  of  the 
Tower  and  Great  Staircase ;  the  details  of  the  lower  square-headed  windows 
are  given  at  N,  in  Plate  XIII. 

Plate  XIX.  shews  one  of  the  compartments  of  the  Vicars'  Gallery  over  the 
centre  archway  of  the  Chain-Gate.  The  two  lights  of  this  window,  which  are 
divided  by  a  canopied  niche,  form  two  distinct  windows  inside.  A  plan  of  the 
jamb  is  given  in  Plate  XIII.,  one-eighth  the  full  size,  at  K :  other  details  are 
shewn  on  this  Plate,  and  are  referred  by  letters.  In  the  string-course  under  the 
window  are,  alternately,  parts  of  Beckington's  arms,  viz.  a  pheon  in  the  centre, 
and  two  stags'  heads,  one  on  each  side  ;  and  an  angel  displaying  a  scroll.  The 
two  angels  bearing  a  mitre,  with  the  labels  displayed,  complete  his  armorial 
bearings ;  they  support  a  pinnacle,  which  is  exactly  over  the  centre  of  the 
arch  below. 

Plate  XX.  is  the  North  Elevation  of  the  Hall  towards  the  Close,  and  a 
transverse  section  of  the  Great  Staircase,  with  the  Passage-room  to  the  muniment 
room  over.     At  the  top  of  the  stairs  is  the  door  into  the  Hall. 

Plate  XXI.  One  of  the  Windotcs  before  alluded  to,  as  being  of  an  earlier 
date  than  the  rest  of  the  Hall,  is  given  in  this  Plate.  To  the  right  is  the 
interior  elevation,  as  seen  in  Plate  XXII. ;  and  to  the  left  the  exterior  elevation, 
as  seen  in  Plates  XIV.  and  XX. :  details  are  given  to  a  larger  scale. 

Plate  XXII.  shews  a  Longitudinal  Section  of  the  Hall  and  Kitchen,  the 
rooms  under,  and  the  Entrance-Gateway.  In  the  Hall,  the  south  Oriel  Window, 
the  fireplace,  and  the  entrance  into  the  small  lobby,  are  seen.     To  the  right  of 


THE  vicars'  close  AT  WELLS.  21 

the  fireplace  is  one  of  the  windows  shewn  in  Plate  XXL,  out  of  the  jamb  of 
which  a  pulpit,  for  grace  at  meal-time,  opens  to  the  Hall  by  a  small  square 
opening  over  the  fireplace.  A  strict  observance  of  grace  was  enjoined  in  one 
of  the  injunctions  laid  down  by  the  king,  to  the  effect  "  Cftat  every  Vicar 
dining  in  the  Common  Hall  shall  tarry  Grace  ;"  it  is  as  follows  :  "  irtfllT,  That 
none  of  the  Vicars  of  the  said  new  Close  sitting  in  the  Common  Hall  of  the 
same  att  the  time  of  Dinner  or  Supper  shall  not  by  any  manner  of  means  from 
henceforth  depart  from  Dinner  or  Supper  before  Grace  be  said  after  Dinner 
and  Supper  without  Licence  first  desired  and  obteined  of  the  Principalis  of  the 
same  new  Close,  if  they  bee  att  Dinner  and  Supper,  and  in  their  absence  of 
them  which  shall  supply  their  Room  under  paine  of  iiijrf.  to  be  paid  and  applyed 
to  the  use  of  the  aforesaid  Close  as  often  as  he  shall, be  found  negligent,  and 
faulty  in  this  behalfe."* 

Plate  XXHL  shews  the  Fireplace  and  the  Iron  Firedogs  to  a  larger  scale, 
with  details  of  the  same  referred  by  letter.  These  are  of  a  late  style,  but  the 
fireplace  has  good  mouldings  in  the  jamb  and  mantel-shelf;  on  which  latter  is 
the  scroll  described  in  page  8,  bearing  an  inscription  which  solicits  the  prayers 
of  the  vicars  in  favour  of  Sir  Richard  Pomroy,  and  expresses  solicitude  for  the 
safety  of  his  soul.  The  five  shields  are  thus  emblazoned  :  the  first,  to  the  left, 
five  bars  or  and  azure,  three  escalop  shells  in  chief,  gules,  charged  with  a 
demi-horse  issuant  rampant,  argent :  the  second  are  Bishop  Beckington's  arms, 
which  are,  argent  on  a  fesse  azure,  between,  in  chief,  three  stags'  heads 
caboshed,  gules,  attired  or,  and  in  base  three  pheons,  two  and  one,  sable,  a 
mitre  labelled  oi  ihe  fourth  :  the  third  are  the  royal  arms,  as  borne  by  Henry  V. 
and  the  subsequent  sovereigns  of  England  down  to  Queen  Elizabeth,  which  are 
quartei'ly  quartered,  first  and  fourth  azure,  three  Jleurs-de-lis,  two  and  one,  or ; 
second  and  third,  gules,  three  lions  gardant,  passant,  in  pale  or :  the  fouith  are 
the  arms  of  the  united  see  of  Bath  and  Wells,  which  are,  azure,  a  saltier  per 
saltier,  quarterly  quartered,  or  and  argent,  with  two  keys  endorsed,  the  upper 
or,  the  lower  argent,  on  the  dexter  side  of  the  saltier ;  and  a  sword  or,  on  the 
sinister  side,  both  erect,  charged  with  a  crozier,  erect,  or :  the  fifth  are  those 
of  Pomroy,  which  are,  argent,  a  lion  rampant,  or,  within  a  bordure  engrailed 
azure. 

*  The  Statutes  and  Charter  of  Close  Hall,  p.  28,  MS. 


22  DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  PLATES. 

Plate  XXIV.  is  a  Transverse  Section  from  S.  to  N.  of  the  Hall,  looking 
W.  cut  through  the  Small  Lohby  (which  leads  into  the  Vicars'  Gallery  over  the 
Chain-Gate)  and  the  doors.  To  the  north  of  the  Hall  is  the  Great  Staircase, 
over  which  is  the  Passage-room  to  the  Muniment-room,  and  the  Porch,  over 
which  is  the  Mtmiment-room.  Even  with  the  floor  of  the  passage-room,  and 
communicating  with  it  by  a  doorway  on  one  side,  which,  in  this  section,  is 
shewn  dotted,  is  a  small  room  8  ft.  square,  in  the  tower  :  these  two  rooms  may 
have  served  as  bed-room  and  living-room  foV  the  Receiver,  who  was  an  officer 
chosen  by  the  principals,  annually,  upon  the  feast  of  St.  Matthew  the  Apostle. 
The  roof  over  the  living-room,  which  is  of  oak,  is  very  elegant,  being  divided, 
by  five  richly  moulded  ribs,  into  four  compartments  ;  the  ribs  rest  on  a 
bracketed  cornice,  above  which  is  a  panelled  parapet;  there  are  cross-braces 
in  each  compartment,  and  the  purlins  are  canted  on  the  inside  angles.  A  trans- 
verse section  of  this  roof,  shewing  its  construction,  is  seen  in  Plate  XX. 

Plate  XXV.  contains  various  details  before  referred  to.  At  the  top  of  the 
Plate  are  two  panels ;  that  to  the  left,  which  contains  Bishop  Beckington's  arms 
supported  by  two  angels,  and  a  large  scroll  underneath,  is  under  the  east 
window  of  the  small  lobby,  or  anteroom,  shewn  in  Plate  XVH.-XVHI. ;  and 
that  to  the  right  is  in  the  centre  of  the  groining  of  the  Chain-Gate,  and  is  seen 
in  Plate  XHI. :  it  also  contains  his  arms,  supported  on  each  side  by  his  rebus, 
a  flaming  beacon  on  a  cask,  or  ton,  making  beacon-ton.*  At  the  bottom  of  the 
Plate  is  the  plan  of  the  groining  of  the  Porch  which  leads  from  the  Close  into 
the  great  staircase  under  the  tower,  with  the  curve  of  the  arch,  a  section  of  the 
ribs,  and  five  of  the  bosses  at  large.  The  rest  are  different  specimens  of  the 
top  of  the  panelling  round  the  Hall,  one-fourth  the  full  size, 

*  "  A  Beaco7i  (we  know)  is  so  called  from  beconing,  that  is,  making  signs,  or  giving  notice  to  the  next  Beacon.  This 
bright  Beacon  doth  nod,  and,  give  hints  of  bounty  to  future  ages ;  but,  it  is  to  be  feared,  it  will  be  long  before  bis  signs 
will  be  observed,  understood,  imitated." — Fuller's  Worthies  of  Somersetshire,  p.  282, 


HISTORICAL   ACCOUNT 


OF  THE 


iHanor^f^ouse    anti    Cljiirc!) 


AT 


GREAT  CHALFIELD,  WILTSHIRE. 


Great,  or  East  Chalfield,*  is  a  small  parish  in  the  hundred  of  Brad- 
ford, Wiltshire,  situate  between  the  towns  of  Bradford  and  Melksham,  and 
about  four  miles  from  each.  It  is  supposed  to  have  been  an  outpost  of  the 
Romans,  guarding  a  road  of  communication  which  crossed  the  main  road 
from  the  camp  on  Kingsdoxon,  near  Bath,  to  the  station,  Verlucio,  and  the 
camp  on  Roiindawaij  Hill,  near  Devizes,  and  thence  to  have  derived  its 
name — Chaldefeld,  impl3dng  the  seat  or  post  on  the  line  of  passage  lead- 
ing to  the  heights:  Cal  meaning  an  eminence — the  h  being  inserted  by  the 
Saxons  to  soften  the  c  hard;  ed,  a  seat  or  post  ;  and  f eld,  the  passage,  f  Little 
or  nothing  remains,  however,  of  the  original  fortifications ;  but  the  straight 
line  of  the  road  can  still  be  traced  along  the  flat,  running,  in  its  northerly 
direction,  into  the  Fosseway,  which  entered  Bath  from  the  north-east. 

'  It  is  also  written  ©j^antJtfcI'H.  —  Collinson's  History  of  Somersetshire,  Vol.  iii.  p.  59-1.  CCf)aoilt.  —  Hoare's 
Historv  of  Modern  Wiltshire,  Hundred  cf  Heytesbury,  p.  13.  ©ijalBcfcIB,  ffiljalfitID,  CTfjaufitlB.  —  Old  MS.  in  the 
possession  of  William  Waldron,  Esq.,  of  Lipiat,  Wilts. 

t  For  this  communication  the  Author  is  indebted  to  the  Rev.  J.  Skinner,  of  Camerton,  Somerset,  who  is  well  versed 
in  Belgic,  British,  and  Roman  Antiquities. 


24)  HISTORICAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  MAXOR-HOUSE. 

In  Domesdmj  Book  it  is  thus  noticed  under  Si211;llltf£{rl)ll"t : — 

"  XXV.  Terra  Ernvlfi  de  Hesding.  Ipse  Er.  ten.  Caldefelle.  \yallet'. 
tenuit  T.  R.  E.  7  gelrl.  ;p.  II.  hkl  7  dim.  Tra.  e.  II.  car.  De  ea.  e  in  dnio.  1  liida.  7  diin. 
7  ibi.  I.  car.  cu.  1.  servo.  7  IIII.  liord.  Ibi  dim  molin.  redd  XVII.  deil  7  VI.  ac.  '  pti.  7  VI. 
ac  siluse  7  VIII.  ac.  pasturce.     Valluit  IIII.  lib.     Modo.  L.  solid.'* 

"  Ipse  Er.  ten.  in  ead.  villa  tanUl  trae  ,p  uno  0{.  Godvin  tenuic  T.  R.  E.  Ibi  tantd  habet 
(jtu  in  supiori  ctiiiet  7  tiJtd  appciat."t 

In  Edward  the  First's  days,  the  Manor  of  Great  Chalfield  was  a  whole  knight's 
fee,  and  was  held  by  knight's  service,  by  one  Sir  WilHam  Rous,  of  the  Earl  of 
Salisbury,  as  part  of  the  honour  of  Trowbridge  (which  lionour  belonged  to  the 
duchy  of  Lancaster),  free  from  all  services  and  demands  ;  and,  by  virtue  of  this 
manor,  Rous  and  the  Lords  of  Chalfield,  for  the  time  being,  were  constables  of 
Trowbridge  Castle.+  To  this  office  belonged  a  place  in  Trowbridge  called  the 
Logge  Place,  afterwards  the  site  of  a  garden  called  the  Logge  Plot.  Great  Chal- 
field afterwards  came  into  the  possession  of  a  family  of  the  name  of  Percij, 
which,  from  the  arms  shewn  in  Plate  VI.  Ecclesiastical  Architecture,  viz.  azure, 
five  fusils  in  fesse  or,^  must  have  been  a  younger  branch  of  that  of  William  de 
Percy,  a  Norman  chieftain,  who  accompanied  William  the  Conqueror  into  Eng- 
land, and  left  four  sons  and  two  daughters.  He  was  succeeded  by  his  eldest 
son,  Alan  de  Percy,  surnamed  the  Great,  who  was  succeeded  by  his  eldest  son, 
William  de  Percy,  at  whose  decease  the  eldest  branch  of  the  first  race  became 
extinct  in  the  male  line,  and  his  whole  inheritance  devolved  upon  his  two 
daughters,  Maud  and  Agnes ;  by  which  circumstance,  and  the  marriage  of  the 
latter  (the  former  dying  siiie  prole)  with  Joceline  Barbatus,  the  ancient  Percy 
arms  were  lost,  although  the  surname  was  retained. 

•  Domesday  Bonk,  70  A. 

t  This  refers  to  Little  or  West  Chalfield. 

t  Old  MS.  ill  the  possesswn  o/"  William  Waldron,  Esq.,  of  Lipiat :  "  In  tlie  4tli  of  King  Stephen,  when  Mnuil  " 
"  daughter  to  King  Henry  I.  (commonly  called  Maud  the  Empress),  landed  in  England  with  her  brother  Robert," 
"  earl  of  Gloucester,  Humphrey  de  Bohun,  at  the  incitation  of  iMilo,  earl  of  Hereford,  his  wife's  father,  fortified  his  " 
"  Town  of  Trofrrc^'ge,  against  King  Stephen,  in  such  sort  as  that  it  was  impregnable."  —  Dugdale's  Baronage,  Vol.  i.  179. 

§  These  were  the  ancient  arms  of  ^CVCll,  until  Agnes,  daughter  and  coheiress  of  William  Percy,  married  .loceline, 
younger  son  of  Godfrey  Barbatus,  duke  of  Lower  Lovain  and  count  of  Brabant.  Her  ladyship  would  not  consent  of 
this  great  alliance  unless  Joceline  would  adopt  either  the  surname  or  the  arms  of  Percy  ;  the  former  of  which  he 
accordingly  assumed,  and  retained  his  own  paternal  coat  in  order  to  perpetuate  his  claim  to  the  principality  of  his  father, 
should  the  elder  line  of  the  reigning  duke  at  any  period  become  extinct.  The  matter  is  thus  stated  in  the  great 
old  pedigree  at  Sion  House :  "  The  antient  arms  of  Hainault  this  Lord  Joceline  retained,  and  gave  his  children  the 
surname  of  Percy,"  who  afterwards  became  Dukes  of  Northumberland.— Burke's  Peerage  and  Baronetage,  Vol.  ii. 
p.  241.  London,  1832.  See,  also,  Govch's  Sepulchral  Itemains,  Vol.  i.  Part  xcv.  Drake's  Atitiqnilies  nf  York, 
Plate  at  p.  535,  which  are  the  arms  drawn  by  some  curious  person  from  the  windows  of  the  Cathedral  and  Chapter  House, 
in  A.D.  10-11,  most  of  which  were  existing  when  Drjke  wrote. 


AT  GREAT  CHALFIELD,  WILTSHIRE.  25 

In  a  MS.  now  in  the  possession  of  William  Waldron,  Esq.,  relating  to  Great 
Chalfield,  there  is  a  pedigree  given  of  the  Percys,  Knights  of  Great  Chalfield, 
but  which  does  not  trace  the  lineage  further  back  than  circa  a.d.  1180.  In 
the  former  part  of  it  are  extracts  from  a  Mr.  Dickenson's  Vellum  Book,*  and 
run  thus :  "  Here  the  booke  goes  on  again  in  another  place,  and  says,  y'  y" " 
"  above  S'  Williamf  an  Agnes  dyed  ;  after  whose  death  y"  s''  second  son,  S'  Harry/' 
"  son  of  y"  s''  Will:  &  Agnes,  entered  on  y"  Man'^  of  Chaldfield,  &  y'^  other  Man"," 
"  as  son  and  heir  to  the  said  William,  who  took  to  wife  Eve,  daughter  of" 
"  John  GifFord,  Lord  of  Broughton  GifFord,  in  Wiltshire,  who  had  S'  Roger," 
"  S'  Walter,  &  S'^  William,  Knights,  and  Juhan ;  the  said  S'  Walter,  S' " 
"  William,  and  Juhan,  dyed  without  issue,  and  Eve  dyed,  after  whose  decease  " 
"  the  said  S'  Roger  entered  on  y^  Man"  at  Chaldefeld  and  elsewhere,  as  son  " 
"  and  heir  of  the  S'  Harry,  who  took  to  wife  Dorothey  Ryvers,  Lord  of  Burgate," 
"  in  Southamptonshire." 

"  Sir  Roger  and  Dorothey  had  issue  S'  Harry  Percy,  Knight  the  third,  John," 
"  and  Emmot ;  y"  s''  John  and  Emmot  dyed  without  issue ;  the  said  Roger " 
"  and  Dorothey  dyed ;  and,  after  their  decease,  y^  said  Sir  Harry  Percy  the  " 
"  third,  as  son  and  heir  of  the  said  Sir  Roger,  entered  upon  all  the  Man",  &c./' 
"  who  toke  to  wife  Alianore,  daughter  of  Sir  Walter  Skydmore,  Knight,  Lord  of" 
"  Upton  Skydmore  (in  a.d.  1301),  in  Wiltshire,  y'  s"*  S'^  Harry  &  Alianore  had" 
"  Issue  a  daughter  called  Beatrice,  and  none  other  child.  Y""  said  Allan" " 
"  dyed ;  S'  Harry,  y"  son  of  Sir  Roger,  overlived,  who  took  to  a  second " 
"  wife,  Constance,  bedfellow  &  cousin  to  Master  Robert  Way  vile,  ^  Bishop  of" 
"  Salisbury,  born  to  no  arms  nor  lands,  w"''  S'  Harry  gave  his  estate  at  Chald-  " 
"  feld,  to  Constance,  for  life,  and  some  grant  likewise  to  y"  Bishop."  "  But " 
"  Constance,  marrying  a  second  husband,§  and  proving  very  naughty,  &  by  y* " 
"  w''",  with  too  great  concessions  of  her  first  husband,  long  and  expensive  suits  " 
"  arose  about  the  Manor  of  Chaldfield  ;  but,  at  length,  about  24.  Hen.  6.," 


•  Original  MS.  at  Monks  (vellum),  in  1744,  contained  charters  and  grants  relating  to  twenty-eight  parishes. 
Jlr.  Waldron  made  inquiries  about  it,  but  unsuccessfullv,  and  supposes  that  it  is  now  in  the  possession  of  a  family  of 
the  name  of  Mordaunt. 

f  This  William  de  Pehci  de  Chadesfeld  was  lining  in  the  time  of  Richard  I.^See  Rotuli  Curia  Begis,  Vol.  i. 
p.  245  ;  also,  at  p.  248,  where  it  is  written  Kaldefeld  ;  also,  pp.  288,  324. 

}  Bishop  of  Salisbury  from  a.d.  1330,  to  1375. 

§  Constance,  widow  of  Sir  Henry  Percy,  must  Lave  married  Henry  de  la  Rivers ;  since,  from  a.d.  1 104,  to 
A.D.  1419,  according  to  the  Register  at  Salisbury,  the  patroness  of  Great  Chalfield  was  "  Constantia,  nuper  uxor  Henrici 
de  la  Ryver." 

E 


26  HISTORICAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  MANOR-HOUSE 

"  Thomas  Trapenell  recovered  the  gi-eatest  part,  and  afterwards  y'  whole," 
"  except  y'  Constableship  of  Trowbrige  Castle,  w'''  of  right  belonged  to  y' " 
"  jNIan^  of  East  Chaldfield." 

In  the  time  of  Edward  III.,  Phillip  Fitzwaryn  held  the  Manors  of  Chalfield 
and  Trowbridge,  and  in  that  year  gi-anted  a  part  to  the  court  of  Edyngton.* 

The  next  person  whom  we  find  patron  of  the  living  at  East  Chaldfeld  is 
"IViW'"'  Roiis,Jn/iiger,"f  who  was  Chamberlain  to  King  Henry  VI.  in  virtue  of 
the  Manor  of  Imber;  but  that  he  was  ever  lawful  possessor  of  the  Manor  of 
Great  Chalfield,  does  not  appear  very  probable,  since  Little  or  West  Chalfield 
belonged  to  his  family  ;  and  in  the  MS.  so  often  referred  to,  we  find  the  follow- 
ing passage:  "  In  y"  4th  of  Hen.  6.,  concerning  the  Constableship  of  Trow-" 
"  bridge  Castle,  a  dispute  arose  betwixt  y''  Duke  of  Glousester  and  y*  Bishop  " 
"  of  Winchester,  Cardinal  of  England,  &  others.  Feoffees  to  y''  Duke  of  Lan-  " 
"caster,  of  w"''  dutchy  Trowbridge  was  parcell  —  Rouse,  L'^  of  Chaufield," 
"  claimed  y^  same  office  as  appurt.  to  his  Man",  and  was  supported  by  y'  Duke  " 
"  Glosester,  who  brought  his  Serv'*  and  Foresters  from  Pewsham  and  Black-  " 
"  more  forests,  and  defended  Rous's  possess"  at  Chaufield,  and  y"  office  of" 
"  Constable.  Y'  s"*  Duke  and  Rouse  went  w""  a  great  Retinue  (to)  y"  Parleam'" 
"  at  Lincoln,  w"'  w"''  y''  Cardinal  was  much  offended.  At  length  Rous  was " 
"  forced  to  quit  y''  office,  and  others  by  y'  Duke  of  Lancaster  placed,  tho'  Rous  " 
"  &,  after  him,  Trapnell  sued  and  made  greet  intrest  for  the  office,  cou'd  never" 
"  attain,  notwithstanding  they  deemed  it  their  inheritance." 

Probably  Rous  held  Great  Chalfield  under  Constance,  who  was  life-interested 
in  it  as  widow  of  the  last  Sir  Henry  Percy,  and  may  have  been  obliged  to  render 
up  the  possession  to  Thomas  Tropenell  at  her  death,  or  soon  afterwards,  which 
must  have  taken  place  between  1419  and  1425.  He  was  Lord  of  Imber,  and 
patron  of  that  living  from  1414  to  1435.  In  16th  Henry  VI.,  1438,  by  a  fine 
levied,  he  sold  the  Manor  of  Imber  and  Winterbourne  Lymington,  with  the 


•  He  was  patron  of  the  living  in  1361,  —  see  the  liegisler  at  Salisburii,  given  at  page  33,  and  in  the  40th  of  Edward 
III.  (1366),  he,  and  bis  wife,  Constance,  granted  a  part  of  the  Manors  of  Chaldfeld  and  Troubragg,  in  iri/(s,  "  Rectori  Sf 
Fr'ibus  Domus  de  Edynton."  —  See  Callendarium  Jnquis'  post  mortem,  Vol.  ii.  p.  277.  In  a  document  in  the  Duchy  of 
Lancaster  office,  under  "  Seasonable  aid  granted  to  the  King  to  marry  the  daughter  of  Henry  IV.,"  is  the  following : — "  Ue 
Dno  de  Chaldfeld  pro  uno  ftedo  in  Chaldfeild  XX'." 

f  In  Hoabe's  Modern  Wiltshire,  he  is  mentioned  as  having  resided  latterly  (he  died  Aug.  12,  30  Henry  VI.,  and 
was  buried  at  the  church  of  Greyfriars,  London,  by  the  name  of  William  Rous  of  Emmer,  in  co.  Wilts,  Esq.)  of  East 
Chaltield,  which  he  held  under  the  Earl  of  Sarum.  But  this  must  be  a  mistake,  as  we  6nd,  in  1411,  John  Rous  of 
Immere,  patron  of  the  chapel  at  Chaldefeld  (meaning  West,  or  Little  Chaldefeld),  as  the  name  of  Philip  Lye,  the 
ecclesiastic,  proves.— See  the  Extract  of  the  Register  of  Salisbury,  given  at  p.  33. 


AT  GREAT  CHALFIELD,  WILTSHIRE.  27 

advowson  of  the  Free  Chapel  at  Imber,  and  half  the  Manor  of  Folke,  with  the 
advowson  in  Dorset,  to  Walter,  Lord  Hungerford,  for  an  annuity  to  be  paid  for 
his  life.* 

The  following  is  the  pedigree  of  the  Family  of  Tropenell,  as  given  in  the 
MS.  before  referred  to,  which  the  author  has  preferred  embodying  into  the 
historical  matter,  rather  than  giving  it  as  an  Appendix,  since  it  will  the  better 
serve  to  shew  the  manner  in  whicli  the  estate  passed  into  the  different  families, 
either  by  marriage  of  the  heiress  or  by  purchase  : 

"  This  is  the  pedigree  of  the  name  and  blood  of  Tropenelles  contained" 
"  w"'in  y'  shire  of  Wiltshire,  Long  before  y'^  time  that  no  mind  renueth,  &" 
"  before  y'  conquest,  unto  the  making  y'  book  never  change'd,  one  S'  Osbert" 
"  Tropenell,  Knight,  before  the  time  y'  no  mind  reneweth,  was  Lord  of" 
"  the  whole  Lordship  of  Sapworth,  with  y"  Lawday  and  the  patronage  of" 
"  y^  Same  in  the  County  of  Wiltshire,  w"'  other,  and  had  Issue  two  Sons, " 
"  S'  James,  a  knight,  &  Walter,  The  said  S'  Osbert  gave  to  y°  said  Walter," 
"  parcel  of  his  Lands  in  Sapworth,  &  all  his  Lands  &  tenants  he  had  in  much  " 
"  Sherston,  Litle  Sherston,  Whadden  by  Jvy  Church  &  Combe,  and  deyed. " 
"  S' James  had  issue  Daughters,  Margarete  and  Luce,  which  parted  y'  said" 
"  Lordship,  Margarete  had  half  with  the  Patronage,  and  Lucy  had  other  half" 
"  with  y^  Lawday ;  Margarete  took  to  husband,  Hugh  Paruns,  w"'',  both  by " 
"  several  deeds  appointed  apart.  Anno  dno  1260,  gave  her  part  by  y'  name  of" 
"  her  Mannor  and  Church  of  Sapworth,  unto  the  house  of  JNIonk  on  Farley," 
"  and  dye'd.  Lucy  took  to  husband  S'  Leonard  Mantrvers,  Knight,  Lord  of" 
"  Somerford  Mantvers,  and  had  Issue  together,  John  Mantvers,  which  had  the  " 
"  keeping  of  y"  King  Edw''  to  his  death,  which  John  gave  apart  of  his  Lands" 
"  he  had  in  Sapworth  unto  y"  house  of  Monkton  Farley,  keeping  in  his  own  " 
"  hands  the  Lawday  w""  all  the  remnant  thereof;  the  said  Walter  Tropenell," 
"  the  second  son,  took  to  wife  Catherine,  daughter  of  S'  William  Percy,f " 
"  Sister  to  S'  Harry  Percy  Knights  Lords  of  Much  Chaldefeld,  otherwise  called  " 
"  East  Chaldefeld,  &  had  Issue  together  a  son,  Philipp,  and  a  daughter,  Galiana. " 
"  The  said  Walter  gave  his  Lands  he  had  in  Sapworth  to  Galiana  in  marriage  ; " 
"  and  she,  about  Anno  dno  y"  year  1267,  in  her  Widowhood,  gave  the  same  " 

*  It  appears,  also,  that  he  had,  two  years  before  (143C),  granted  all  his  right  in  Imber,  south  part,  to  the  Court  of 
Edyngton. — Hoare's  Modern  Wiltshire,  Hundred  of  Heyttsbury.p.  161. 

t  This  marriage  is  shewn  by  the  arms  on  the  screen  in  the  church  (see  No.  1,  Plate  VI.  Ecclesiaslical  Archiieclure')  : 
viz.  on  the  dexter  side  of  the  shield  gu.  a  fesse  or.,  engrailed  and  powdered  with  ermine,  between  three  griffins'  heads 
erased  of  the  same,  two  and  one  (sometimes  they  are  placed  one  and  two,  see  Plate  VI.),  for  Tropenell  i  on  the  sinister  side 
o:.  five  fusils  in  fesse  or,  for  Percy. 


28  HISTORICAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  MANOR-HOUSE 

"  Lands  unto  the  house  of  Monktonffiirley  :  the  said  Philipp  Tropenell  took  to  " 
"  wife  Isawde  daughter  to  Richard  Cotell  *  Lord  of  Cotells  Atteward,  other-  " 
"  wise  Little  Atteward,  and  had  Issue  by  her,  two  Sons,  Roger  Tropenell  and  " 
"  John  Tropenell,  the  said  Philipp  parted  his  Lands,  and  ordained  to  his " 
"  eldest  Son,  Roger,  all  his  lands  &  tenants  he  had  in  Whadden  &  Combe ; " 
"  and  all  his  lands  and  ten"  he  had  in  Much  Sherstone  &  Little  Sherstone, " 
"  he  gave  to  his  second  Son,  John  Tropenell,  Roger  took  to  wife  Christian, " 
"daughter  to  S'  John  Rous,f  Lord  of  Immer,  and  had  Issue  together," 
"  John  Tropenell,  which  took  to  wife  Agnes  daughter  to  James  Lye,  Lord " 
"  of  Liniford  and  had  Issue  together  Harry  Tropenell  who  took  to  wife " 
"  Edeth  daughter  to  Walter  Roche  J  and  younger  Bro'  to  S'  John  Roche, " 
"  Knight,  sones  to  John  the  Roche  of  Bronieham,  Wiltshire,  Harry  &  Edeth  " 
"  had  Issue  together,  Thomas  Tropenell,  Esq",  which  had  the  Liverys  of  King" 
"  Harry  y*^  6th  &  K.  Edward  y'  4th  Lords  of  the  said  Much  Chaldefeild,  wlf " " 
"  Thomas  Tropenell  took  to  wife  Margarete,  daughter  to  William  Ludlow,  §" 

*  Patron  of  Atteworth,  a.d.  1298.  —  See  Sir  Thomas  Piiillipi-'s  Institutions  in  WiUildre,  p.  1. 

t  This  marriage  is  shewn  on  the  next  shield  :  riz,  on  the  deiter  side,  the  Tropenell  arms,  and,  on  the  siniiter  side, 
impaled  as.  and  giu  three  lions  rampant  argent,  powdered  with  ermine,  armed  with  gules,  for  Rous.  There  is  an  altar- 
tomb,  of  good  workmansliip,  in  a  chantry,  formerly  belonging  to  the  Tropenells,  at  the  north  side  of  the  cliurch  at 
Corsham,  under  which  Roger  Tropenell  and  his  wife  lie  buried.  It  is,  in  design,  very  similar  to  tliat  shewn  in 
Plate  VIII.,  Ecclesiasticiil  Architecture,  but  smaller.  Two  sides  of  it  are  seen,  the  other  two  being  placed  against  the 
north  and  east  walls ;  the  south  side  has  three  quatrefoils,  in  which  are  as  many  oblong  shields,  with  a  mantle  falling  over 
at  top  and  bottom.  The  shields  are  slightly  curved.  The  centre  one,  on  the  south  side,  bears  the  Tropenell  and  Rous 
arms  impaled  in  one  ;  the  left  baud  (the  heraldic  deiter)  bears  the  Tropenell  arms,  and  the  right  (the  heraldic  sinister)  has 
the  Rous  arms.  The  west  end  has  one  (juatrefoil,  in  which  is  a  shield,  similar  to  the  others,  bearing  the  Rous  arms. 
The  east  end  must  have  been  ornamented,  and  probably  had  the  Tropenell  arms.  The  north  side  seems  never  to  have 
been  ornamented,  but  designed  to  abut  against  the  wall. 

{  This  marriage  is  shewn  on  the  same  screen,  at  No.  5,  on  the  same  plate  ;  viz.  on  the  dexter  side  of  the  shield,  the 
Tropenell  arms  as  before,  and,  the  sinister  side,  az,  three  roadies  ar,,  within  a  bordure  or,  for  Roche. 

§  This  marriage  is  also  shewn  on  tlie  same,  at  No.  4:  viz.  as  before,  on  the  dexter  side  the  Tropenell  amis,  and  on 
the  sinister,  ar.  a  chevron  5a.  between  three  bears'  heads  erased  of  the  same,  for  Ludlow  of  Hill  Deverill.  Sir  Richard  Colt 
Hoare  gives  tlie  latter,  in  his  History  of  Modern  Wiltshire,  among  the  arms  of  the  families  in  the  Hundred  of  Heytesburi/, 
and  also  the  same,  but  inarlins^  instead  of  bears'  heads  in  another  page.  In  the  pedigree  there  given  of  Ludlow, 
the  fourth  daughter  of  TFi//iam  Ludlow,  the  first  of  that  name,  as  of  Hill  Deverill,  marries  Thomas  Trapnell,  or  Tropenell, 
of  Chavile,  co.  Wilts,  Esq.  The  Christian  name  of  this  lady  is  not  mentioned  ;  but  it  must  have  been  Agnes,  and  not 
Margaret,  since  Margaret,  who  was  the  eldest  daughter,  married  William  Sandes,  and  at  a  court  held  at  Corsham  "upon" 
"  the  Morrow  of  Saint  Bartholomew  the  Apostle,  in  the  ticenti/eth  Year  of  the  reign  of  King  Henri/,  the  Sixth  after" 
"  the  Conquest,  came  Thomas  Tropenell,  who  holds  of  the  Lord  to  bim  and  his  Heirs,  according  to  the  custom  of  the  " 
"  manner,  &c.  One  Mess^  and  one  Yard  Land,  with  the  appurts  in  Neston  called  le  Eyres,  and  surrendered  into  the" 
"  hands  of  the  Lord  the  Messuage  and  Yard  Land  afores'',  witli  the  appurts,  to  the  use  of  himself  and  Agnes  his  wife," 
"  Robert  Ilungerford,  Knight,  and  Robert  Uungerford,  Esq."  (their  Attorneys).  This  must  liave  been  on  his  marriage, 
as  he  was  admitted  tenant  to  the  same  Messuage  "  At  a  court  held  there  on  Monday  next  after  the  feast  of  the  Body  of" 
"  Christ,  in  the  sixteenth  Year  of  the  Reign  of  King  Henry,  the  Sixth  after  the  Conquest,"  which  seems  to  have  been 
his  first  purchase,  for  which  he  paid  "  to  the  Lord  for  a  Herriot,  12  shillings,  according  to  tlie  antient  custom,"  and 
'•  for  a  Fine  13  shillings  and  4  pence." — Copies  of  Court  Roll  and  Surrenders  of  Lands,  S)C.,  in  Corsham,  in  the  same  MS. 


AT  GREAT  CHALFIELD,  WILTSHIRE.  29 

"  Lord  of  Hill  Deverell.  In  the  last  year  of  Edward  IV.  iMr.  Tho'  Tropenell,  " 
"  of  East  Chalfield,  was  living,  which  was  in  y"  year  1483,  who  probably  lived  " 
"  many  years  after."*  Here  the  author  imagines  the  pedigree  to  be  incomplete, 
as  the  Thomas  Tropenell  who  married  the  fourth  daughter  of  William  Ludlow, 
butler  to  the  kings,  Henry  IV.,  V.,  and  VI.,  must  have  been  the  projector  of 
the  Manor-House  at  Great  Chalfield,  and  had  livery  of  the  estate  from  King 
Henry  VI.  and  King  Edward  IV.  He  recovered  it,  after  infinite  litigation,  in 
the  24th  year  of  the  reign  of  Henry  VI.,  a.d.  1446 ;  whereas  the  Thomas  Trope- 
nell, who  was  father  to  Jane  married  to  Mr.  John  Eyre,  we  find  patron  of  the 
living,  A.D.  1535,  eighty-nine  years  afterwards,  which  would  make  him  about 
one  hundred  and  fifty  years  of  age  ;  in  1526,  a  John,  and  in  1528,  a  Thomas, 
presented  to  the  living  ;  both  of  whom  must  have  been  sons  to  Thomas  who 
married  Miss  Ludlow.  The  former  must  have  been  the  elder,  and  died  sine 
prole,  and  the  latter  must  have  been  father  to  Jane,  married  to  Mr.  John  Eyre, 
who  jointly  presented  to  the  living  in  1555.  Thomas  married  Elianore,  daughter 
of  Thomas  Englefield,  of  Englefield,  knight,f  and  "  had  issue  together,  two  sons," 
"  Humphrey  and  Christopher,  and  two  daughters,  Anne  and  Mary.  John  Trope-  " 
"  nell  of  Sherstone  (this  is  second  son  to  Philip  Tropenell)  had  issue,  John  and  " 
"  Agnes,  wedded  to  Thomas  Ivy,  Lord  of  Sherstone,  which  had  Issue  together  " 
"  John  Ive,  otherwise  named  himself  John  Trapnell,  and  Harry  a  younger  son. " 
"  But  Tho'  leaving  behind  him  Issue,  only  one  Son  &  two  daughters,  the  son," 
"  being  at  Mans  estate  dyed  by  an  unfortunate  accident  as  he  was  hunting  :  he" 
"  put  a  pair  of  dog  couples  over  his  head,  persued  his  sport,  &,  leaping  over  a" 
"  hedge,  the  end  of  the  dogg  couple,  w'''  hung  at  his  back,  took  hold  of  a" 
"  bough,  kept  him  from  ground  untill  he  was  strangled.  His  two  sisters, " 
"  Ann  &  Mary,  coheirs,  the  eldest  married  Mr.  John  Eyre,  the  other,  Mr. " 
"  Young,  of  Little  Dunford,  J  in  the  County  of  Wilts,  w'*"  estate  went  to  the  " 
"  Youngs  by  y'  marryage.  Mr.  Eyre,  by  y'  eldest  sister,  had  a  son,  William, " 
"  and  six  daughters.§  The  eldest  daughter  marryed  Mr.  Green,  of  Milton  in" 
"  Somei'setshire  ;  another,  Mr.  Beausham,  of  Cottles,  in  y"  parish  of  x^ttwai'd,  " 

*  He  died  a.d.  1490;  was  feoifee  to  Robert,  Lord  Hungerford,  a.d.  148';  and  had  a  son  named  Chiistofer.—. 
See  Sm  Thomas  Phillipp's  Instilutions  in  Wiltshire,  pp.  170,  174. 

t  See  pedigree  of  Tliomas  Englefeld,  at  p.  83,  PL.  9,  in  College  nf  Arms,  which  varies  much  from  this  MS. ; 
as  Thomas  lie  Tropnelle  ar.,  who  married  Eleanore  Englefeeld,  had  four  daughters  :  viz.  Anne,  mar.  to  Ayere,  nf 
Wiltshire ;  Elizabeth,  mar.  to  IF".  Ogane,  yoman  ;  Mary,  mar.  to  John  Younge,  of  Wiltshire,  and  Eleanore,  mar.  to  Andrew 
Blackmor,  yoman,  and  only  one  son,  viz.  Giles  de  Tropnelle,  who  died  younge. 

{  In  a  pedigree  of  Younge,  of  Dorneford,  this  marriage  is  given  ;  but  Egidius  Trapnell  de  Chaufeld,  and  not  Thomas, 
is  given  as  the  name  of  the  father  of  Mary.  This,  however,  must  be  a  mistake;  as  the  pedigree  of  Englefeeld,  cited 
above,  clearly  shews  it  is  the  same  person See  1.  C.  22,  26'".  in  College  of  Arms. 

§  In  Bubee's  History  of  the  Commi'ners  of  Great  Britain,  four  daughters  only  are  mentioned. 


30  HISTORICAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  MANOR-HOUSE 

"  or  Attford,  in  Wilts  ;  Mr.  Scroope,  of  Castle  Combe,  another ;  one  other  to  " 
"  Mr.  Burdet,  a  family  in  Berks  ;  one  to  Mr.  Dantsey,  in  Gloucestershire  ;  one  " 
"  to  Mr.  Quintine,  of  Corton,  in  Hilmarton  parish,  Wilts.  The  son,  afterwards  " 
"  S'  William,  marryd  Anne,  daughter  of  S'  Edw**  Bainton,  of  Bromeham, " 
"  Wilts',  by  whome  he  had  three  sonnes,  John,  afterwards  S'  John,  Edw**,  &  " 
"  William,  afterw"^  S'  Edw"  &  S'  William.  S'  John  had  Chaldfield,  and  dyed, " 
"  leaving  no  Issue.  Edward,  the  second  son,  dyed  unmarryed.  S'  W"'  his " 
"  youngest  son,  had  Nestone,  w'^''  S'  W"'  left  one  son,  William,*  whose  Issue  male" 
"  failing,  y''  Estate  Nestone  came  to  his  daughter,  M"  Jane  Eyre,  who  marryd  " 
"  S'  John  Hanham,  Bart'.,  of  Wymbourn,  Dorsetshire,  who  inherited  Great" 
"  Chalfield,  Nestone,  &c.  &  sold  Chalfield  to  M^  Hall.  S'  W"  Eyre  of  Chal-  " 
"  field,  after  y'  death  of  Anne,  his  first  wife,  marryd  y*"  daughter  of  Alderman  " 
"  Jackson,  of  London,  by  whome  he  had  two  sons,  Robert  &  Henry.  To  " 
"  Robert  he  gave  Little  Chaldfield,  or  West  Chaldfield,  lately  sold  to  M'  Baynton," 
"  who  left  it  to  his  youngest  son,  Thos.  Baynton  ;  &  Mr.  Thos.  Baynton's  wife  " 
"  had  a  daughter  by  M'  Hall :  he  gave  her  all  his  estate ;  and  this  lady  marryd  " 
"  y*"  marquis  of  Dorset,f  was  mother  to  the  last  duke  of  Kingston,  who  sold  " 
"  Great  Chalfield  to  Neale.;];  He  had  also  three  daughters,  Anne,  Lucie,  &" 
"  Olive.  Anne  married  Jn°,  eldest  son  of  S'  Walter  Long,  of  Draycut,  Bar* ;  " 
"  Lucie  marry 'd  W".  Stafford,  of  Marlewood,  in  Gloucestershire,  Esq.  Olive  " 
"  dyed  mimarried,  1695." 

"  ^s  leafs  from  trrcs,  mnnltinb  iro  Irrop  ntong," 
*'  *io  sonnes  of  morinis  flfun'sl)  mti  bccay :" 
"  Mfiat  mortals  tiutlli,  time  Jjocs  m  Hubbt'sl)  Ihh," 
"  ^s  fates  Jjecrce  j.k  ircstt'nics  ofacij." 

William  Percy  and  Agnes,  the  first  mentioned  in  the  pedigree  of  Percy,  must 
have  had  a  daughtei-,  Catherine,  who  married  Walter  Tropenell,  second  son  of 

•  In  14th  of  Charles  the  1st  (1638),  the  manor  and  the  patronage  of  the  church  at  Great  Chawfield,  was  a  whole 
knight's  fee,  annexed  to  tlie  Ducliy  of  Lancaster,  and  was  held  by  Richard  Gurnard,  and  the  lieir  of  Sir  William  Eyre, 
together  with  the  constableship  of  Troubridge  Castle  :  and  then  consisted  of  a  thousand  acres  of  land  in  ChaliielJ,  Ilolt, 
and  Lynelford. — An  Account  of  the  Knights'  Fees,  and  Parts  of  Fees,  in  the  County  of  Wilts,  annexed  to  the  Duchy  if  Luncuster 
Roll  in  the  Duchy  of  Lancaster  Office. 

t  Thisoughtto  be  Dorchester,  son  of  Evelyn  Pierrepoint,  fifth  Earl  of  Kingston,  created  Marquis  of  Dorchester,  1706,  by 
Queen  Anne,  and  Duke  of  Kingston,  by  George  I.,  nhich  title  became  extinct  upon  the  deatli  of  Evelyn,  then  Duke  of 
Kingston,  23d  September,  1773,  who  "must  have  married  the  daughter  of  Mr.  Hall  by  the  wife  of  Tho".  Bayntun."  — 
See  DuGiJALii's  English  Peerage,  vol.  ii.  pp.  18,  19,  Fitinct  Peerage,  London,  1790.  Also  Burke's  Extinct  and  Dormant 
Peerage,  p,  420. 

}  Robert  Neale,  Esq.,  ofSlmw  House,  near  Melksham,  Wilts,  was  a  descendant  of  the  O'Neales,  dukes  of  Tyrone, 
Ireland.  — See  the  Pedigree,  D.  6.  14.  in  College  of  Arms ;   also,  Keating's  History  of  Ireland. 


AT  GREAT  CHALFIELD,  WILTSHIRE.  31 

Sir  Osbert  Tropenell,  Knight.  As,  in  the  pedigree  of  the  Tropenells,  "  the  said 
"  Walter,  the  second  son,  took  to  wife  Catherine,  daughter  of  S'  Wilham  Percy," 
"  sister  to  Sir  Harry  Percy,  Knights,  Lords  of  Much  Chaldefeld,  otherwise  called" 
"  East  Chaldefeld,"  and  by  this  marriage  and  the  failure  of  male  issue  to  Sir  Harry 
Percy,  the  third  knight  of  that  name,  the  estate,  after  much  litigation,  was  re- 
covered by  Thomas  Tropenell,  Esq.,*  who  married  Agnes,  fourth  daughter  of 
William  Ludlow,  Lord  of  Hill  Deverell,  and  who  by  the  arms  now  existing  on 
a  shield  in  the  roof  of  the  noble  banqueting  hall  at  Great  Chalfield,  shewn  in 
Plate  XIX.,  which  are  those  of  Ludlow  of  Hill  Deverell,  as  also  by  those  on 
the  elegant  stone  screen  in  the  church,  shewn  at  No.  4,  Plate  VL,  must  have 
been  the  projector  of  The  Manor-House  at  Great  Chalfield,  which  is  the 
immediate  subject  of  research ;  and  than  which  there  cannot  be  found  a  more 
interesting  example  of  Domestic  Gothic  Architecture. 

Thomas  Tropenell,  and  Agnes,  his  wife,  lie  buried  under  a  magnificent  altar- 
tomb,  in  a  chantry,  formerly  belonging  to  his  family,  in  Corsham  church,  Wilts,f 
which  is  shewn  in  Plate  VHL,  Ecclesiastical  Architecture,  on  which  the  Trope- 
nelle  and  Ludlow  arms  appear,  together  with  the  motto  which  he  seems  to  have 
adopted  :  viz.  2,C  JOUCJ  tj)ra  I)f  IltllTf  nt,  which  we  also  find  on  the  ceiling  of  the 
hall  at  Great  Chalfield  in  various  places,  and  introduced  in  various  ways  (see 
Plates  XIX.  and  XX.),  but  always  with  the  representation  of  a  yoke,  such  as 
was  formerly  used  for  oxen,  forming  the  nominative  case  to  the  verb  tyra. 
Whether  this  was  expressive  of  the  tenure  under  which  he  held  the  manor,  or 
whether  it  applied  to  politics,  or  to  agricultural  pursuits,  is  not  easy,  at  this 
remote  period,  to  determine ;  but  it  proved  sadly  prophetic  of  the  melancholy 
manner  in  which  his  race  became  extinct,  in  less  than  a  century  afterwards,  as 
mentioned  in  the  pedigree  above  cited. 

The  author  has  to  regret  the  absence  of  any  kind  of  document  as  to  the  real 
date  of  the  erection  of  the  building,  beyond  those  he  has  given ;  which,  how- 
ever, sufficiently  warrant  him  in  ascribing  it  to  the  latter  end  of  the  reign  of 
Henry  the  Sixth.  Since  then,  nothing  has  been  added  to  its  beauties.  The 
long  range  of  offices  to  the  right,  and  the  barns,  seem  to  have  been  built  in 
Queen  Elizabeth's  time ;  and,  in  the  guest  chamber,  a  very  elaborate  fireplace 
was  inserted,  by  which  the  hand  of  destruction  first  went  to  work,  in  cutting  up 

*  He  was  feoffee,  in  a.d.  1453,  to  Robert  Lye,  and,  in  a.d.  1486,  to  Robert,  Lord  Huugerford.— .  See  Sir  Thomas 
Phillipp*s  InstitulioJis  in  WUtskire,  ^ 

t  This  Chantry  Chapel  seems  to  have  descended  with  the  estate  of  Neston,  as  Mr.  Fuller  of  Neston  is  the  present 
proprietor. 


32  HISTORICAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  CHURCH 

into  the  oak-ribbed  roof,  to  admit  of  this  singular  design  of  meretricious  taste, 
Avhich  forms  a  very  striking  contrast  to  the  elegant  semicircular  oriel  window  in 
the  same  room,  shewn  in  Plates  VII.  VIII.  and  IX.  ;  and  which  contrast  would 
be  quite  sufficient,  independent  of  any  other  proof,  to  convince  the  advocates 
of  what  is  generally  termed  Elizabethan  Architecture,  of  the  infinite  superiority 
of  good  taste  prevalent  in  the  fifteenth  century.  Buildings,  in  which  the  original 
offices  were  contained,  were  then  pulled  down  to  the  south  of  the  left  wing,  at 
X.  X.  X.  X.  Plate  III.,  by  which  the  present  external  south  wall,  which  was 
originally  an  internal  division,  has  been  exposed,  and  the  head  of  the  furthest 
truss  to  the  south  was  cut  away,  to  form  a  hip  to  the  roof,  by  which  means  the 
rafters  have  pushed  out,  and  endangered  the  east  wall.  The  present  possessor. 
Sir  Harry  Burrard  Neale,  to  whom  this  estate  came  by  his  marriage  with  Grace- 
Elizabeth,  daughter  and  co-heiress  of  Robert  Neale,  Esq.,  whose  father  was  the 
purchaser  from  the  Duke  of  Kingston,  anxious  to  preserve  this  truly  venerable 
fabric,  has  intrusted  the  author  with  the  necessary  repairs.* 

The  Church  at  Great  Chalfield,  which  is  dedicated  to  All  Saints,  bears  evident 
signs  of  greater  antiquity  than  tlie  present  Manor-House  ;  and,  in  1308,  a  chapel 
existed  here,  to  which  "  Walterus  de  Chaldefeld"  presented  "  W""  de  Cumbe,'' 
the  walls  of  which,  the  author  presumes,  still  remain,  forming  the  body  of  the 
present  church, — the  west  window  having  been  an  insertion,  and  the  bell-turret 
an  addition  of  a  latter  date.  The  porch,  also,  which  is  peculiar,  and  of  elegant 
design,  seems  to  have  been  added,  together  with  the  present  west  doorway,  about 
the  time  of  Henry  VII.  Thomas  Tropenell,  who  built  the  manor-house,  erected 
a  beautiful  chantry  chapel  to  the  south,  and  enclosed  it  with  a  rich  stone  screen, 
of  excellent  workmanship,  adorned  with  the  arms  of  his  family,  shewing  its  descent 
from  the  Percys,  to  the  time  of  erection  (see  Plates  V.  and  VI.,  Ecclesiastical 
Architecture,  and.  descriptions).  A  chancel  must  have  existed  eastward  of  the 
present  church,  which  has  been  rebuilt,  and  in  1775  added  to,  southward,  to  the 
extent  of  the  chantry  chapel,  when  an  arch  was  cut  through  the  east  wall  of  this 
chapel,  by  which  the  cornice  of  the  ornamental  oak  ceiling  was  injured.  The 
floor  of  the  church  was  raised  one  foot  eight  inches,  in  1765,f  and  the  whole 

•  See  Preface  to  the  second  edition. 

t  The  Parchment  Register,  now  in  the  church,  commences  in  1545,  25  January,  "In  die  conversionis  Sancti  Pauli," 
and  the  following  are  the  entries  concerning  the  church  repairs  :  — 

"  The  Church  of  Chalfield  Blagna  was  set  in  good  repair,  a.d.  1~1P  :  — viz.  the  roof  was  new  laid,  and  a  large" 
"  buttress  set  up  on  the  north  side  ;  and  the  body  of  the  church  was  new  ceiled." 

"John  Lewis,  Rector." 

"  Tho".  Miles,  Church  Warden" 


AT  GREAT  CHALFIELD,  WILTSHIRE. 


33 


church  white-limed  and  painted.  By  the  former,  the  base  of  the  stone  screen, 
which  had  before  been  removed  to  its  present  position,  namely,  under  the  arch 
between  the  church  and  the  chancel,  was  buried ;  the  screen  itself  was  much 
injured,  and  some  elegant  fresco  paintings  on  the  walls  of  the  chantry  chapel 
were  covered,  portions  of  which  are  now  visible  ;  and,  although  the  present 
worthy  rector,  the  Rev.  Richard  Warner,  is  most  anxious  to  have  these  reno- 
vated, they  are  so  completely  destroyed  by  this  barbarous  practice,  that  they 
must  only  remain  as  proofs  of  the  magnificence  of  past  ages.  Mr.  Warner  has 
done  much  towards  restoring  other  portions  of  the  church,  particularly  the  west 
window,  and  has  enriched  the  other  windows  with  stained  glass. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  Patrons  and  Rectors  of  Great  and  Little 
Chalfield,  as  given  in  Sir  Thomas  Phillipp's  "  Institutiones  ex  Registro  Novae 
Sarum  Episcopi :" 


1308 

1316 
1338 

1338 

1341 
1348 

1349 

1354 

1361 


Capella  vel  Ecclesia. 

Capell.  Chaldefeld 
Capell.  Chaldefeld 
Capel.  Chaldefeld  Magna 
Cap.  Chaldefeld  Magna 

Capel.  Chaldefeld  Magna 

Capel.  Chaldefeld 
Capel.  Est  Chaldefeld 

E.  Chaldefeld  Magna 

E.  Chaldefeld  Magna 

E.  Chaldfeld  Magna 


Patronus. 

Walterus  de  Chaldefeld 
Walterus  de  Chaldefeld 
Rogerus  de  Percy 
Henricus  le  Percy 

Henricus  de  Percy,Dominus 

de  Chaldfeld  Magna 
Henricus  Percy 
Henricus  Percy,  Miles 

Henricus  Percy,  Miles 

Henricus  de  Percy,  Miles 

Philippus_/?fe.  Waryn,  Miles 


Clericus. 
■^ymus  jg  Cunibe 
Robertus  de  Broghton 
Johannes  de  Mere 
Johannes  de  Chaldfeld 

Magna 
Henricus  de  Lodyngton 

Johannes  Pilk 
Johannes  Gore,  p.  m. 

Johannis  Pilk 
Johannes  Pacy,  j).  r. 

Johannis  Gore 
Ricardus  Trymenet, 

p.  r.  Johannis  Spacy 
Thomas  Alayn  {qtd  resig- 

navit  Chaldefeld  Parva) 


"  The  Chancel  was  set  in  good  repair,  Anno  Domini  1722,  cost  ^3  :  5  :  8. — J.  Lewis,  Rector." 
"  The  Chancel  was  again  repaired,  a.u.  1747. — J.  Lewis,  Rector." 

"  The  floor  of  Chalfield  Church  was  raised  one  foot  and  eight  inches,  and  new  laid,  new  forms  were  set  up,  and  ' 
*'  the  ichole  church  white-limed  and  painted,  and  a  canopy  placed  over  the  pulpit,  a.d.  1765." 

"  Clem'.  Glynn,  Rector." 
"  The  Chancel  was  again  repaired  :  viz.  the  roof  new  laid  and  ceiled,  the  floor  raised  one  foot  and  three  inches, 
"  and  the  seats  painted,  a.d.  1765  :  cost  ^15  :  14  ;  1." 

"  C.  Glynn,  Rector." 

"  J.  Miles,  Church  Warden." 


34 


HISTORICAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  CHURCH 


Capella  vel  Ecclesfa. 
1362       E.  Chaldefeld  Parva 

1388  E.  Chaldfeld  Parva 

1404  E.  Chaldefeld  :Magna 

1410  E.  Est.  Chaldefelde 

1411  E.  Est.  Chalvelde 

1411  E.  Chaldefeld  {Parva) 

1417  E.  Chaldefeld  Magna 

1419  E.  Est  Chaldefeld 

1419  E.  Est  Chaldefeld 

1425       E.  Est  Chaldefeld 

1437       West  Chaldefeld 

1445       E.  Est  Chaldefeld 
1488       E.  Chalfield  Magna 

E.  West  Chalfeld 
1494       Capel.  de  West  Chaldefeld 

1507       Capel.  de  Chaldfeld  Parva, 
alias  West  Chaldfeld 

1518       E.  Chaldefeld  Magna, 
al.  Est  Chaldefeld 

1525  E.  Omnium  Sanctorum 

Chaldfeld  Magna 

1526  E.  Chaldfeld  Magna 

1528       E.  Chaldfeld  Magna 

1535       E.  Chalfeld  jNIagna 

1537       Capella  de  Chalfeld  Parva 


Patronus. 

Prior  de  Worspryng,  ob 
minor,  (etatem  Johannis 
Jilii  Thomae  Perci 

Johannes  Percy  de  Chal- 
feld 

Constantia,  nuper  uxor 
Henrici  de  la  Ryver 

Constantia,   qu(B  fiiit  uxor 
Henrici  dela  Ryver,  Militis 

Constantia,  relicta  H.  de  la 
Ryver,  Militis 

Johannes  Rous  de  Immere, 
Armiger 

Constantia,  relicta  Henrici 
de  la  Ryver,  Militis 

Constantia,  Domina  de  Est 
Chaldefeld 

Constancia,   mtper  uxor 
Henrici  de  la  Ryver 

M""""  Rous,  Armiger 

Johannes  Boorne 

Episcopus,  per  laps. 

Episcopus,  pier  laps. 

Episcopus,  per  laps. 

Episcopus,  per  laps. 

Johannes  Westbury 

Thomas  Tropenell,^r?ni^er 

Thomas  Trapnell,  Armiger 

Johannes  Tropnell, 

Armiger 
Thomas  Tropnell,  Armiger 

Thomas  Tropnell,  Armiger 

W""  Button,  Ge7i :  ex  con- 
cess  :  Haivisiae  de  West- 
burv,   Vid. 


Johannes  Wilde,  p.  m. 
Reginaldi  de  Berleigh 

Philippus  Lye, 

p.  r.  Johannis  Wilde 
Johannes  ^Nlascal 

Walterus  Wylmot, 

vice  Johannis  Mascal 
Johannes  Plebs,  p.  r. 

Walter!  Wilmot 
Johannes  Wyseman, 

vice  Philippi  Lye 
Johannes  Plebs,  permut. 

cum  W"""  Beckebury 
Johannes  Hillewyke 

Radulfus  Benet,  p.  m. 

Johannis  Illewyk 
Tho'  Broun 
Ricardus  Beauchamp 
Robertus  Benet 
Thomas  Langporte 
Thomas  Hedley 
Ricardus  Norton, 

p.  m.  Thomas  Sqwier 
Edwardus  Huggyns, 

p.  r.  Ricardi  Norton 
Willielmus  Haxe,  p.  m. 

Johannis  Rede 
W'""'  Haye,  permut.  cum 

Johanne  Floke 
Johannes  JefTery, 

p.r.  Johannis  Floke 
Gul""'  Robynson, 

p.  r.  Johannis  Jefferys 
Thomas  David,  P.  R. 

Gul°"  Robynson 
Johannes  Thyn, 

p.  m.  Edwardi  Higgons 


AT  GREAT  CHALFIELD,  WILTSHIRE. 


35 


1555 

1575 

1593 
1598 
1603 


ECCLESIA. 

E.  Chaklfild  Magna 

E.  Chaldfield  Magna 

E.  Chaldfield  Magna 

E.  Chaldfield 

E.  Chaldfield  Ma?na 


Patronus, 

Johannes     Eyre     &    Anna 

uxor  ejus 
Johannes  Eyre,  Armiger 

Regina,  per  lapsum 
W""  Eyre,  Miles 
W""  Eyre,  Miles  de  Chal- 
field 


Clericus. 

Radulphus  Hyll, 

p.  m.  Thoniae  Davys 
Johannes  Ap-Jones, 

p.  r.  Edwardi  Procter 
Nicholaus  Lymbye 
Frauncis  Staune 
Robertus  Bradshawe,* 

p.  d.  Francisi  Stanne 


*  The  following  is  a  copy  of  an  extract  from  the  Registry  at  Salisbury;— 

"  Extracted  from  the  Registry  of  the  Lord  Bishop  of  Sarum. — 1671." 

"  Chaldfield         ~j        A  Terrier  of  all  such  Tythes,  Profitts,  and  Priviledges  as  belongeth  to  the  Parsonage  of  Chald-  " 
"  Magna.  J  field  jMagna,  iu  the  countie  of  Wiltes,  and  Diocs  of  Sarum." 

"  First,  We  returne,  that  there  is  noo  House  or  outhouses,  within  our  Pish  of  Chaldfield  Magna,  that  belongeth  to  the  ' 
"  Parsonage,  save  only  one  Chamber  in  the  Mannor-House,  which  is  commonly  called  the  Blinister's  Chamber;  But ' 
"  antlant  men  have  reported,  that  they  have  heard  from  other  antiant  men  that  were  before  them,  that  said  that  ' 
"  there  was  a  Parsonage  House  which  stood  in  a  Ground  neer  the  Manno'  House,  called  Parsonage  Closse,  als  Pen  ' 
"  Closse." 

"  Alsoe,  Wee  returne,  that,  uppon  the  Report  of  Antiant  Men,  Long  since  dead,  there  have  ben  Glebe  Lands  belong- ' 
"  ing  to  the  Parsonage  of  Chaldfield  Magna,  But  that  any  of  this  incumbant's  predecess™,  for  many  ages  past, ' 
"  did  ever  possess  or  enjoy  them,  we  never  heard,  neither  is  there  any  Terrier  to  be  found  thereof  (albeitt  diligent ' 
"  search  have  ben  made  in  the  courts  at  London,  and  else  where,  by  the  incumbent." 

"  Alsoe,  We  have  heard,  that  one  M'  Bradshaw,  who  was  Parson  of  our  said  Pish  before  the  Present  Incumbent,  had  ' 
"  his  dyett,  the  keeping  of  a  House,  and  Sixteen  Pound  p.  Annum,  of  the  owners  of  the  said  Manno^  of  Chaldfield  ' 
"  Magna,  in  Lieu  of  his  Tythes  due  out  of  the  said  IManno'',  for  the  space  of  Forty  Years,  and  that  the  p'sent  In-  ' 
"  cumbent  bath  had,  for  the  space  of  forty  yeares,  a  composition  of  two  and  thirty  Pounds  yearly,  paid  him  by  the  ' 
"  owners  of  the  said  Manno*"  in  Lieu  of  his  Tythes,  and  the  keeping  of  a  Horse  (and  besides  exempted)  and  dis-  ' 
*'  charged  from  all  taxes  and  payments  whatsoever  (except  the  Tenthes  payable  to  the  Kings  Ma'y,  and  procroacons  ' 
"  to  the  Lord  Bishop." 

"  Alsoe,  the  p'seut  Incumbent  hath  the  Tythes  of  a  Farme,  called  Moxham's  Farme,  lying  within  the  said  Pisli,  worth  ' 
"  to  him  five  Pounds  ^  annum,  and  the  Tyth  of  a  Ground  lying  within  the  same  Pish,  called  Bowood,  worth  ' 
"  ten  Shillings  ^  annum." 

"  Alsoe,  the  present  Incumbent  hath  received  forty  Shillings  by  the  yeare  from  the  owners  of  West  Chaldfield,  which  ' 
"  do  usuallv  come  to  his  Church. — John  Wilton,  Rector Christofeb  Moxham." 


"  Magna  Chalfield. —  There  is  now  only  paid  from  the  tenant  of  John  Hall,  Esq'".,  whose  name  is  John  Sartain,  the  " 
"  sum  annualy  of  thirty-two  Pounds. — Of  Christopher  Moxham  is  received  aunualy,  four  Pounds.  Witness  o''  " 
*'  Hands,  May  21,  1705. — John  Deacon,  Rector. — Christ.  Moxham,  Churchwarden," 


"  Chalfield  Jlagna. — A  true  Note  and  Terrier  of  all  such  Tithes,  Profits,  and  Privileges  as  belong  to  the  Rectory  of" 

"  Chalfield  Magna,  in  the  County  of  Wilts,  and  Diocese  of  Sarum." 
"  First,  We  return,  that  there  is  no  House  or  Outhouses,  nor  Glebe  Lands,  belonging  to  the  Parsonage  of  Great" 

"  Chalfield." 
"  Also,  We  return,  that  the  present  Incumbent  is  paid  a  composition  of  Fifty  pounds  3^  Annum,  by  equal  half-yearly  " 

"  payments,  in  Lieu  of  all  Tithes  arising  and  becoming  due  from  the  IManor  of  Great  Chalfield,  and  is  exempted  " 


36 


HISTORICAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  CHURCH 


1629 

1678 

1689 
1707 

1711 

1712 

1761 

1809 


Capella  vel  Ecclesia. 
E.  Chalfield  Magna 

E.  Chalfield  Magna 

E.  Chawfield 

E.  Chaldfield  Magna 

E.  Chalfeld  Magna 

E.  Chaldfield  Magna 

E.  Great  Chalfield 

E.  Chaldfield  Magna 


Pathonus. 
W""'  Eyre,  Uliles 

Johannes  Hall,  Armiger 

Johannes  Hall,  Armiger 
Johannes  Hall,  Armiger 

Comes  Kingston 


W"""  Comes  Kingston 

Evelyn,  Duke  of  Kingston 

Sir  Harry  Burrard  Neale  of 
Walhampton,  Co.  Hants, 
Bar' 


Clericcs. 

Johannes  Wilton, 

p.  m.  Roberti  Bradshaw 
Michael  Poulton, 

p.  m. Wilton 

Johannes  Deacon 
Thomas  Weeks, 

p.  in.  Johannis  Deacon 
Gulielmus  Skammell,* 

p.  m.  Thomae  Weeks 
Johannes  Lewis, 

p.  r.  Gulielmi  Skamell 
Clement  Glynn, 

p.  m.  John  Lewis 
Richard  Warner,-!- 

p.  m.  Clement  Glynn. 


The  living  is  a  discharged  Rectory  in  the  archdeaconry  and  diocess  of  Salis- 
bury, valued  in  the  King's  Books  at  <£6.  The  population  of  the  parish,  together 
with  the  extra-parochial  liberty  of  Little  Chalfield,  was,  at  the  census  of  1831, 
83  souls.     The  estate  was  assessed  to  the  Property  Tax  of  1815,  at  ,£2,9"20. 


"  and  discharged  from  aB  Taxes  and  payments  whatsoever,  except  the  King's  Land  Tax  and  Procurations  to  the  " 

"  Lord  Bishop." 
"  Also,  The  present  Incumbent  is  paid  the  yearly  sum  of  three  Pounds  and  Ten  Shillings,  in  Lieu  of  Great  and  Small  " 

"  Tithes,  arising  and  becoming  due  on  certain  Lands  in  this  Parish,  belonging  to  John  Blagden,  of  Grey's  Inn,  " 

"  London,  Esq^.,  and  now  in  the  occupation  of  Farmer  John  Reynolds." 
"  Also,  'I'be  present  Incumbent  hath  the  Tithe  of  Hay,  Wool,  and  Lamb,  arising  on  certain  Lands  in  this  Parish,  be-  " 

"  longing  to  James  Moxham,  of  the  City  of  London,  Sugar  Refiner ;  but  the  agistment  Tithes  due  for  dispasturing  " 

"  barren  cattel  on  the  same  Estate,  are  not  yet  settled." 
"  Also,  The  present  Incumbent  is  paid  the  yearly  sum  of  nineteen  Shillings  in  Lieu  of  the  Tithes  of  a  Field  in  this  " 

*'  Parish,  called  Bowood." 
"  Also,  We  return  that  the  Rectory  of  Great  Chalfield  hath  been  augmented  with  four  hundred  Pounds,  two  hundred  " 

"  Pounds  of  which  were  from  the  Governors  of  the  Bounty  of  Queen  Anne,  and  the  other  two  hundred  Pounds  the  " 

"  Benefaction  of  the  late  Robert  Neale,  of  Corsham,  Esq',  the  Interest  of  which,  paid  yearly,  amounts  to  eight  " 

*'  Pounds." 

"  Witness  our  hands,  the  fourteenth  day  of  July,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and  " 

"  eighty-three.  Ciement  Glvns,  Rector James  Fhickeii,  Churchwarden. — William  Pain."] 

"  The  above  are  true  Copies  and  Extracts  taken  from  the  Originals,  and^examined  by  me," 

"  Edw.  Davies,  N.P. — D.  Registrar," 

•  Removed  to  Tetbury  in  1712. 

t  The  Rev.  Richard  Warner,  F..'\.S.  Hon.  Mem.  of  the  Imperial  Ca,-sar.  Soc.  of  Nat.  Hist,  at  Moscow,  and  of  the 
Dutch  Soc.  of  Sciences  at  Haerlem,  &c.  &c.,   is  Author  of  "  Hampihire  Extracted  from  Domesday  Book,"    ••  Antiqui- 


AT  GREAT  CHALFIELD,  WILTSHIRE.  37 

tales  CuUimria:,"  "  An  Atlempt  to  ascertain  the  Siiudtion  of  the  Ancient  Claitsentum."  "  The  HistM-y  of  Glastonhnry  Abbey," 
and  many  otlier  works,  both  on  antiquity  and  divinity. 

On  a  tablet,  on  the  south  wall  in  the  body  of  the  church,  is  the  following  inscription  to  the  memory  of  the  mother  of 
Mrs.  Warner. 

TO  THE  MEiMORY  OF 

MRS.   ELIZABETH   PEARSON, 

DAUGHTER  AND  HEIRESS 
OF  JOHN  LEAKE,  ES(i. 

OF  Salter's  HILL,  SHROPSHIRE; 

RELICT    OF    TH03IAS    TEAHSON,    Esa. 
OF  TETTENHALL,  STAFFORDSHIRE  ; 

and  mother  of  anne 
(her  youngest  daughter) 

the  WIFE  OF   THE 

REV.  RICHARD  WARNER, 

RECTOR    OF     THIS    PARISH: 

FULL  OF   FAITH,  HOPE,  AND  CHARITY, 

SHE  PUT  OFF   THIS  MORTAL 

TO  BE   CLOTHED  WITH  IMMORTALITY, 

ON  THURSDAY  MORNING, 

THE   12TII  DAY  OF  APRIL,   1832. 

BLESSED  ARE  THE  DEAD  WHICH  DIE 

IN  THE  LORD,  FROM  HENCEFORTH  : 

YEA,  SAITH  THE  SPIRIT,  THAT   THEY 

.MAY  REST  FROM  THEIR  LABOURS;    AND 

THEIR  WORKS  DO  FOLLOW   THEM. 

REV.  XIV.   13. 


DESCRIPTION    OF    THE    PLATES. 


THE  MANOR-HOUSE  AND  CHURCH  AT  GREAT  CHALFIELD,  WILTS. 

Plate  I.     Perspective  View. 

This  is  a  Perspective  View,  taken  from  a  point  marked  ©  on  the  General  Plan, 
Plate  II.,  shewing  the  Manor-House  and  the  Church,  restored  in  those  parts 
which  are  now  either  destroyed  or  altered.  A  window  has  been  inserted  under 
the  right-hand  Oriel  of  late  years ;  hut  the  one  shewn  is  as  it  is  supposed 
originally  to  have  existed,  the  label  being  still  perfect.  The  tops  of  the  chimney- 
shafts  are  restox-ed  from  existing  documents.  In  the  left  wing,  a  small  window 
has  been  inserted  between  the  semicircular  Oriel  and  the  two-light  window  on 
the  ground-floor,  but  is  omitted  in  this  view,  as  forming  no  part  of  the  original 
design.  The  wall,  which  divides  the  consecrated  ground  of  the  Cliurchyard 
from  the  fore-court,  is  shewn  pulled  down  in  parts  to  display  the  west  front  of 
the  Church,  and  the  left  wing  of  the  Manor-House.  The  entrance  from  the  fore- 
court into  the  churchyard  does  not  exist,  but  is  introduced,  instead  of  a  common 
wicket,  to  harmonise  better  with  the  other  portions. 

Plate  II.     The  General  Plan. 

This  Plate  shews  the  Playi  of  the  Ground  and  buildings  which  lie  within  the 
fortifications ;  no  remains  of  the  original  works  of  the  Romans  are  now  discern- 
ible. The  front  is  guarded  by  a  Moat  and  txvo  Bastions,  which  latter  are,  in  plan, 
portions  of  circles,  but  which,  from  wooden  lintels  still  remaining  over  the  open- 
ings of  the  loopholes,  cannot  be  of  very  great  antiquity ;  probably  these  were 
rebuilt  on  old  foundations,  as,  from  the  thick  wall  having  been  taken  down  at 
the  south  of  the  Church  to  the  point  marked  x,  we  may  safely  suppose  a  fortress 
to  have  existed  here,  prior  to  the  present  Manor-House ;  for,  if  the  line  of  this 
wall  were  continued,  it  would  cut  into  a  space  which  has  been  occupied  by 
buildings  forming  part  of  the  house,  but  now  pulled  down.  The  approach  at 
present  is  by  a  stone  bridge  over  the  moat,  where  the  original  entrance  existed, 
as  the  jamb-mouldings  of  the  Outer  Gateway  still  remain,  and  a  drawbridge 


MANOll-HOUSE,  GREAT  CHALFIELD,  WILTSHIRE.  39 

probably  occupied  the  place  of  the  present  stone  one.  The  Entrance  Gateway  to 
the  fore-court  is  near  the  extremity  of  the  long  range  of  offices,  which  extend  from 
the  house  to  within  twenty  feet  of  the  front  wall.  The  arches  of  this  gateway 
are  much  older  than  the  offices  themselves,  which  must  have  been  built  about 
Queen  Elizabeth's  time,  together  with  the  barns,  and  other  out-buildings.  The 
old  work  extends  to  a  little  above  the  archways.  Another  gatexcay  has  existed 
at  the  furthest  extremity  of  this  range  of  buildings  aiy,  and  another  at  s;  the 
latter  was  the  entrance  to  an  inner  court,  the  buildings  of  which  are  now  entirely 
destroyed.  The  Church  stands  in  an  area  of  irregular  figure,  now  forming  the 
Churchyard.  The  Manor- House,  from  its  situation  with  regard  to  the  Church, 
must  have  been  built  since  the  latter,  as  it  is  not  very  probable  that  the  architect 
would  wish  to  obscure  a  view  of  the  principal  front.  To  the  left  is  a  iV/i//,  impelled 
by  the  water  from  the  Moat,  and  this  building,  though  modernised,  is  of  great 
antiquity  ;  and,  even  at  the  time  of  the  Domesday  survey,  half  a  mill  existed  here, 
the  other  half  probably  belonged  to  the  Manor  of  West  or  Little  Chaldfield.  At 
the  back  is  a  moat  orjish-pond,  which  is  supplied  by  natural  springs  ;  it  is  51  feet 
wide,  and  538  feet  long;  out  of  it  two  smaller_y?s7?-/;o«r/s,  each  83  feet  by  31  feet, 
are  supplied ;  it  empties  itself  into  a  rivulet  which  flows  parallel  with  its  length, 
which  also  receives  the  water  from  the  mill.  The  level  of  the  moat  at  the  back 
is  many  feet  lower  than  of  that  in  front,  and  that  of  the  rivulet  is  still  lower. 
The  space  between  the  house  and  the  moat,  or  fish-ponds  at  the  back,  is  planted 
out  as  an  orchard.     From  the  rivulet  the  ground  rises  rapidly  southwards. 

The  Manor-House. 

Plate  HI.  shews  a  Ground  Plan,  and  a  First  Floor  Plan,  of  the  Manor- 
House,  to  a  scale  of  one  inch  to  twenty  feet.  The  Ground  Plan  is  expressed 
by  a  darker  tint,  and  occupies  the  top  and  right-hand  side  of  the  Plate.  Those 
walls,  which  are  shewn  in  dotted  lines  ai  x  x  x  x,  have  been  pulled  down,  by 
which  the  Staircase,  which  led  up  to  the  rooms  in  the  left  wing,  has  been 
removed.  Tiie  ground-floor  consists  of  a  Banqueting-Hall,  40  ft.  24-  in.  by  20 
ft.  2\  in.  and  20  ft.  high,  which  is  entered  by  a  richly  groined  Porch.  In  this 
porch,  to  the  right  hand,  is  a  very  small  loophole,  for  the  convenience  of  receiv- 
ing letters,  or  ascertaining  who  wished  to  enter,  before  the  cumbrous  oaken  bar 
should  be  withdrawn.  Even  that  precaution  was  not  deemed  sufficient,  as  a 
small  zvicket  was  cut  in  the  sturdy  oak  door,  across  which  the  bar  could  be  with- 
drawn, without  admitting  of  the  large  door  to  open,  the  better  to  guard  against 


40  DESCRIPTION^  OF  THE  PLATES. 

intruders.  An  oalc  screen,  very  similar  to  that  at  Haddon,  reaches  across  the  Hall 
near  the  door,  and  forms  a  passage,  at  the  other  end  of  which  a  door  entered  into 
the  inner  court ;  outside  of  this  door  a  Porch  has  existed,  but  is  now  pulled 
down.  From  the  portion  of  the  Hall  divided  off  by  the  screen,  a  door  led  to  the 
left,  into  the  D'niing-room  and  Staircase  now  existing.  Behind  the  dining-room 
is  a  long  narrow  room,  with  a  fireplace  and  two  loopholes :  below  the  further 
loophole,  the  oak  bar  of  a  Gatexoay,  now  destroyed,  ran  into  the  wall ;  so  that 
this  must  have  been  a  kind  of  Porter's  dzoelUng,  from  which  a  j^assage  led  to  the 
extremity  of  the  building  westward,  having  loopholes,  to  enable  the  Porter  to 
survey  those  persons  who  approached  the  inner  court.  Out  of  the  dining-room 
a  door  enters,  into  what  is  supposed  to  have  been  the  Priest's  DxcelUng.  At  the 
eastern  end  of  the  Hall  are  two  Bays,  richly  groined,  which  communicated  with 
the  Domestic  Offices,  now  pulled  down,  and  the  staircase  leading  to  the  rooms 
on  the  first  floor  of  the  left  wing,  which  was  approached  through  a  strongly 
groined  apartment,  lighted  by  one  very  narrow  window  at  each  side  of  the  but- 
tress supporting  the  semicircular  oriel.  At  C,  a  door  still  exists,  which  is  pre- 
sumed to  have  led  into  the  staircase,  as  the  wall  at  that  point  has  evidently  been 
an  interior  partition  ;  these  being  the  only  rooms  without  fireplaces,  must  have 
served  as  passage-rooms  to  the  staircase  and  offices.  The  long  range  of  building 
to  the  right,  built  about  the  time  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  contains  Stables,  and 
other  Offices,  and  seems  to  have  been  designed  to  screen  the  Barns  and  other 
Far>n-huildings  from  the  front  of  the  house.  The  First  Floor  Plan  is  in  a  lighter 
tint  at  the  bottom  of  the  Plate,  and  shews  the  rich  ceiling  of  the  Hall;  in  the  left 
wing  the  Guest  Chamhcr,  and  a  small  dressing-closet;  this  room  is  lighted  by 
the  elegant  semicircular  oriel  mindora  at  one  end,  and  a  four-light  square- 
headed  window,  and  another  two-light  one  now  blocked  up  in  the  east  wall : 
at  the  further  end  are  two  openings,  which  originally  have  been  doorways,  lead- 
ing to  other  rooms  now  pulled  down.  Opposite  the  small  dressing-closet,  out 
of  the  Guest  Chamber,  w^as  a  similar  one  over  the  corresponding  Bay  of  the 
Hall,  from  which  a  door,  at  D,  led  into  the  rooms  now  pulled  down.  From 
these  dressing-closets,  whatever  was  passing  in  the  Hall  could  be  distinctly  seen 
and  heard,  by  means  of  a  small  opening  in  each,  disguised  in  the  Hall  by  a  mask 
(see  Plate  XIX.  and  description).  In  the  right  wing  is  a  spacious  Bed-room, 
29  ft.  4  in.  by  17  ft.  9  in.,  lighted  by  an  octagonal  Oriel  Wi?idorc',  towards  the 
north,  and  a  two-liglit  window  and  loophole  to  the  west  (at  C,  in  this  room,  is  a 
similar  look  out  into  the  Hall),  out  of  which  was  another  small  dressing-closet  ; 
and  from  this,  and  the  cortesponding  one,  led  two  small  staircases  into  the  roof 


MAXOll-HOUSE,  GREAT  CHALFIELD,  WILTSHIRE.  41 

of  the  Hall,  whereby  a  private  communication  might  be  kept  up,  without  the 
necessity  of  going  clown  one  staircase,  traversing  the  Hall,  and  up  another.  This 
room  and  the  guest-chamber  seem  to  have  been  originally  open  to  the  rafters 
of  the  roof,  as  the  purlins  and  braces  are  moulded.  See  Plate  V.  Other 
explanations  are  given  on  the  Plate. 

Plate  IV.  The  North  Front,  and  the  Figures  which  terminate  the  Gables. 
This,  the  principal  front  of  the  Manor-House,  is  more  regular  in  design  than 
ancient  buildings  generally ;  yet  the  playfulness  of  outline  is  not  lost  sight  of. 
The  richness  of  the  two  Oriel  Winclozvs,  the  spirit  expressed  in  the  figures,  and 
the  elegant  Chimnetj-shaft,  make  it  a  highly  interesting  subject  of  study  ;  the 
beauty  of  the  details  will  be  appreciated  in  the  following  Plates.  The  two  figures 
which  are  on  the  gables  of  the  Banqueting-Hall  are  in  the  armour  of  the  time 
of  Henry  VI.,  as  also  the  one  on  the  gable  of  the  left  wing;  which  circum- 
stance gives  additional  weight  to  the  presumed  date  of  erection.* 

Plate  V.  shews  a  Longitudinal  Section  through  the  Hall,  the  line  of  which 
is  dotted  on  the  Plans,  Plate  HI.  In  the  Hall  are  seen  the  Entrance  Door,  with. 
the  Oah  bar  drawn  across,  and  the  small  wicket;  i\\Q Screen;  the  Music  Gallery, 
now  destroyed ;  the  Windows ;  the  Fireplace,  and  the  Archway  into  the  north 
Bay,  over  which  is  a  7nask,  concealing  a  small  look-out  from  the  dressing-closet. 
To  the  left  is  the  Guest  Chamber,  and  room  under ;  below  is  shewn  a  section  of 
the  Groined-room  ;  to  the  right,  the  Dining-rooin  and  Bed-rooms  over ;  at  c  c, 
in  the  roof  of  the  Hall,  are  the  entrances  to  the  small  staircases,  leading  into 
the  Dressing-closets :  a  compartment  of  the  roof  of  each  wing  is  given  at  the 
bottom  of  the  Plate,  with  its  own  details.  To  the  left  is  the  base  of  the 
chimney-shaft  at  D,  and  in  the  centre  of  the  Plate  is  a  ja7?ib,  found,  on  the  level 
of  the  first  floor,  in  the  south  wall  of  the  left  wing,  which  proves  that  wall  to 
have  been  an  interior  partition  ;  a  section  of  the  base  is  also  shewn. 

•  For  this  information,  the  author  is  indebted  to  tbe  opinion  of  Sir  Samuel  Jleyriclt,  F.S.A.,  than  whom  no  person 
possesses  a  better  knowledge  of  ancient  armour.  In  answer  to  an  inquiry  on  this  subject,  the  author  was  honoured  by 
the  following  note: — 

"  23  Mount  Street,  Grosvenor  Square, 
3d  May,  1837. 
"  Sir  Samuel  Meyrict  presents  Lis  respects  to  Sir.  Walker,  and,  in  reply  to  his  inquiry,  begs  leave  to  say,  that  the 
figures  are  of  the  time  of  Henry  VI.,  i.  e.  about  the  fifteenth  century.  Those  in  armour  wear  on  their  heads  the 
Balade  ;  but  the  other  figure  has  the  head-piece,  either  not  correctly  represented,  or  the  upper  part  is  modern.  It  seems 
to  be  intended  for  the  visard  salade,  which,  as  well  as  the  simple  salade,  was  worn  in  the  time  of  Henry  VI. ;  at  any 
rate,  the  feet  are  of  the  period.  " 

G 


42  DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  PLATES. 

Plate  VI.  shews  two  Transverse  Sections  across  the  Hall,  the  lines  of  which 
are  dotted  on  the  Plans,  Plate  III. :  that  to  the  right  shews  the  Bays  and  the 
Dressing-closets  over,  with  the  look-out  through  a  mask  from  each  into  the 
Hall.  At  the  bottom  of  the  Plate  are  shewn  the  Griffins,  which  terminate  the 
small  gables  of  the  North  Front,  holding  a  shield  with  the  Tropenell  Arms. 
These  figures  are  of  excellent  workmanship,  and  are  designed  with  great  spirit. 
To  the  right  are  given  the  details  of  the  ca7-pentrij  of  the  roof  of  the  Hall,  and 
the  oak  Tnoiddi?igs  of  the  ceilings  in  the  dressing-closets. 

Plates  VH.  VHI.  and  IX.  illustrate  the  Semicircular  Oriel  Window  in  the 
left  wing,  north  front.  Plate  VII.  shews  the  Exterior  Elevation  and  Section  ; 
Plate  VIII.  Plans,  sections  of  Mouldings,  and  the  jxiteras  in  the  lower  string 
course  ;  Plate  IX.  the  Interior  Elevation,  and  various  details.  The  ornament 
which  crowns  this  window  is  shewn  to  a  larger  scale,  and  is  peculiarly  beautiful 
in  effect,  though  not,  perhaps,  in  drawing ;  it  is  extremely  light,  and  appropriate 
in  application :  by  the  bold  manner  in  which  it  is  pierced,  and  the  undulating 
form  of  the  leaves,  any  heaviness,  which  otherwise  would  exist,  is  done  away : 
it  is  commonly  termed  the  Strawberry-leaf  ornament ;  but  this  example  differs 
from  any  the  author  has  seen,  as  the  circular  portions  of  the  leaves,  instead  of 
being  convex,  are  concave,  which  adds  greatly  to  the  richness  of  the  whole. 
The  soffit  inside  is  richly  groined  in  fanwork,  a  half-plan  of  which  is  given  in 
Plate  VIII.  The  j)endauts,  which  terminate  the  groining,  are  peculiar,  spread- 
ing over  the  arch  moulding.  The  heads,  at  the  bottom  of  the  Plate  to  the  riglit, 
form  the  brackets  of  the  corbelling  outside.  See  Plate  VII.  The  original  iron 
fastening  to  the  window  is  given  half  the  real  size. 

Plate  X.  gives,  at  No.  1,  the  Window  in  the  Bay  of  the  Hall,  and,  at  No.  2, 
the  Windoxv  of  the  Hall,  north  front.  The  labels  are  terminated  by  squares 
placed  diagonally,  enriched  with  a  leaf  in  the  centre ;  the  details  explain 
themselves. 

Plates  XI.  and  XII.  shew  the  Octagonal  Oriel  Window  in  the  right  wing. 
Plate  XI.  gives  an  Elevation  and  Section:  the  arms  which  finish  this  window  at 
top  are  those  of  Tropenell,  but  seem  of  later  date  than  the  rest  of  the  work ; 
under  the  Corbelling,  which  is  panelled,  the  label  of  a  square-headed  window  still 
exists  ;  the  dotted  lines  shew  what  the  head  of  the  window  is  supposed  to  have 
been,  with  a  strong  muUion  in  the  centre,  similar  to  that  given  in  Plate  XV., 


MANOR-HOUSE,  GREAT  CHALFIELD,  WILTSHIRE.  43 

No.  2.    Plate  XII.  shews  Plans  double  the  scale  of  the  Elevation,  taken  at  three 
different  heights,  j«w6  and  miilUon,  sections  oi  mouldings  at  large,  &c. 

Plate  XIII.  gives  the  Entrance  Porch  and  the  Oak  Door  of  the  Hall.  The 
section  shews  the  small  window  or  loophole,  through  which  letters  might  be 
received  in  the  dining-room,  or  visitors  might  be  reconnoitred  before  an  entrance 
was  granted  them.  The  Porch  is  richly  groined  ;  two  of  the  Corbels  consist  of 
angels  bearing  shields  with  the  Tropenell  Arms.  The  primitive  oak  bar,  where- 
with to  secure  the  door,  is  still  existing.  The  door  consists  of  two  thicknesses 
of  oak;  the  joints  of  the  outer  thickness  are  laid  vertically,  and  those  of  the 
inner  horizontally,  and  are  bolted  together  with  large  iron  nails :  the  jambs  of 
the  arches  and  other  details,  are  given  to  a  larger  scale.  The  iron  handle  of 
the  small  door  is  also  shewn. 

Plate  XIV.  gives  a  plan  and  details  of  the  North  Bay  of  the  Banqueting- 
Hall,  which  is  also  groined  ;  the  rib  of  the  groining  is  richly  moulded,  and  is 
shewn  one-fourth  full  size.  In  the  centre  is  a  shield  with  the  Tropenell  Arms. 
The  South  Bay  is  similar  to  this,  except  that  the  shield  in  the  centre  of  the 
groining  which  is  given  in  this  Plate,  differs  in  form ;  it  also  bears  the  Tropenell 
Arms.  At  the  top  of  the  Plate,  to  the  right,  are  shewn  the  water-table  of  the 
buttresses,  and  the  set-off  of  the  base  of  the  great  Chimney-shaft ;  to  the  left 
are  bracket  mouldings,  supporting  a  staircase  in  the  corner  (at  A)  of  the  North 
Bay,  which  leads  from  the  dressing-closet  to  the  roof  of  the  Hall.  Other  details 
are  given,  and  are  referred  by  letter. 

Plate  XV.  gives,  at  No.  1,  a  small  Square-headed  Window  in  the  dressing- 
closet,  over  the  South  Bay  (see  Plate  VI.)  :  at  No.  2,  one  half  of  a  long  window 
in  the  east  wall  of  the  left  wing ;  and  at  No.  3,  one  half  of  a  similar  window, 
but  of  later  date,  in  the  priest's  dwelling.  The  jambs  and  mullions  are  given  at 
the  top  of  the  Plate  to  the  right. 

Plate  XVI.  gives  the  Fireplace  of  the  Hall,  and  details  of  the  same.  The 
Spandrils,  which  had  been  plastered  up  until  the  author  visited  Great  Chalfield, 
are  shewn  to  a  larger  scale,  and  are  very  peculiar  in  character.  At  the  bottom 
of  the  Plate  are  details  of  the  Great  Chimney-shaft  of  this  fireplace.  See 
Plate  IV.  To  the  left  of  this,  and  immediately  over  the  eaves  of  the  small  gable, 
a  covering  has  originally  existed  for  the  Small  angular  Staircase,  but  is  now 


44  DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  PLATES. 

destroyed :  this  accounts  for  the  irregular  way  in  which  the  base  of  the 
chimney-sliaft  is  finis-iied,  and  for  the  precaution  taken  in  cutting  a  small 
gutter  in  tlie  stone-work. 

Plate  XVII.  shews  an  Elevation  of  the  Oak  Screen  of  the  Hall,  which 
does  not  seem  ever  to  have  had  doors,  as  the  pinnacles  and  buttresses  of  the 
octagonal  uprights  are  returned  in  profile ;  probably,  arras  was  hung  across 
the  openings :  the  octagonal  uprights  support  a  beam,  into  which  the  joists  of 
the  Music  Gallery  floor  were  morticed,  and  on  which  the  front  of  the  Gallery 
rested.  This  screen  has  been  very  similar  to  the  one  in  the  Hall  at  Haddon  ;* 
but  the  front  of  the  Music  Gallery  has  been  destroyed,  while  that  at  Haddon  is 
entire.  Details  are  given  at  the  bottom  of  the  Plate  referred  to  the  Elevation 
by  letter. 

Plate  XVIII.  Details  of  the  Oak  Screen;  one  of  the  octagonal  uprights 
is  shewn,  and  the  tracery  heads  of  the  panelling,  which  in  each  division  are 
different,  are  of  very  superior  workmanship.  This  screen  has  been  very  richly 
painted  and  gilt ;  but,  from  the  various  coats  of  whitewasli,  it  is  now  hastening 
rapidly  to  decay  ;  indeed,  the  bases  were  with  great  difficulty  made  out.  The 
pinnacle  is  shewn  one-half  full  size,  and  the  moiddings  one-fourth  full  size. 

Plate  XIX.  shews  at  the  top  the  motto  adopted  by  Thomas  Trapnell  or 
Tropenell,  Esq.,  the  projector  of  the  Manor-House,  which  is  St  J0U5  tgl'tl 
fcrif  mrnt,  the  representation  of  a  yoke  forming  the  nominative  case  to  the  verb 
tvrn  X  bf  If  llTf  lit  is  an  old  French  word,  hellement  meaning  well  or  effectually ; 
so  that  it  might  be  rendered,  tlie  yoke  drezo  well,  or  the  yoke  sat  lightly.  The 
yoke  is  painted  white,  as,  also,  tlie  scroll  on  which  the  words  Tyra  helement 
are  painted  (the  T  is  pink,  and  the  other  letters  blue),  on  a  deep  red  ground. 
In  the  centre  of  the  Plate  are  shewn  the  oak  bosses  which  ornament  the  tie- 
beams  of  the  Hall  ceiling.  The  three  centre  bosses  formerly  had  shields 
with  coats  of  arms  ;  the  first  to  the  right  still  exists  as  shewn,  and  bears  the 
Ludloxo  Arms  of  Hill  Deverell,  Wilts ;  viz.  Argent,  a  chevron  between  three 
bears'  heads  erased,  sable;  which  are  those  oi  Agnes,  wife  of  Thomas  Tropenell, 
Esq.,  and  fourth  daugliter  to  William  Ludlow.  In  the  centre,  it  may  be 
presumed,  were  the   Tropenell  and  the  Liidlorc  arms  on  one  shield,  shewing 

•  See  Rayner's  Account  of  Haddon  Hall,  lately  published,  illustrated  with  liihograpliic  plates,  imperial  4to. 


MANOR-HOUSE  AND  CHURCH  AT  GREAT  CHALFIELD,  WILTSHIRE.  45 

the  marriage ;  and  to  the  left,  the  Tropenell  arms  on  another  shield,  as  on 
the  tomb  in  the  Chantry  at  Corsham  Church,  represented  in  Plate  VIII., 
Ecclesiastical  Architecture :  these  bosses  have  been  richly  painted  and  gilt,  as 
also  the  moulded  tie-beams  and  cornice  shewn  at  the  bottom  of  the  Plate,  to  the 
left,  in  section.  The  Masks  concealed  small  openings  into  the  dressing-closets  ; 
one  seems  to  represent  a  Ki^ig  with  asses'  ears,  the  other  a  Bishop ;  the  eyes 
and  mouths  are  pierced,  so  that  a  person  might  overlook  the  Hall  without 
being  seen  ;  the  head  at  the  top  of  the  Plate  is  for  a  similar  purpose,  and 
overlooks  the  Music  Gallery  from  the  large  bed-room. 

Plate  XX.  Plaster  Bosses  of  the  Hall  Ceiling.  These  bosses  are  shewn 
one-fourth  full  size,  and  are  run  in  plaster  with  a  dark  core :  they,  together 
with  the  ribs  which  subdivided  the  squares  of  the  Hall  ceiling,  formed  by  the 
tie-beams  and  the  corresponding  mouldings  in  the  centre,  were  taken  down  a 
few  years  ago,  as  they  threatened  danger  to  the  inmates,  and  were  presented 
to  the  present  venerable  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells,  of  whose  valuable  collection 
in  the  Crypt  at  the  Palace  of  Wells,  they  now  form  part ;  they  shew  the  motto 
introduced  in  various  ways.  At  the  bottom  of  the  plate  is  one  compartment 
of  the  ceiling,  which  is  shewn  as  it  is  presumed  to  have  existed  with  these  bosses 
applied  ;  some  represent  oak  leaves,  some  the  taater  lihj,  and  others  bear  the 
letters  \\)t — Jesu  hominibus  crucifixo. 

The  Church. 

Plate  I.  shews  the  West  Elevation  and  the  Longitudinal  Section.  The 
Stone  Screen  which  at  present  divides  the  chancel  from  the  body  of  the  Church, 
is  placed  in  its  original  situation,  which  is  under  the  arch  between  the  Chantry 
Chapel  and  the  body  of  the  Church.  The  arch  in  the  chancel  is  modern, 
and  being  a  segment  of  a  circle,  a  block  of  stone  has  been  left  to  hide  the 
awkwardness  of  the  arch  mouldings  cutting  obliquely  on  the  capitals.  The 
levels  of  the  floor  have  been  raised  at  different  times,  but  the  original  levels  are 
here  shewn.  The  walls  of  the  body  of  the  Church  are  certainly  more  ancient 
than  the  other  portions,  and  must  have  been  those  of  the  original  Chapel,  which 
existed  here  as  early  as  a.d.  1308.  The  West  Window,  the  Porch,  and  the 
Bell-Turret,  have  been  additions,  about  the  time  of  Henry  VH. 

Plate  H.  gives  a  Ground-2)lan  of  the  whole  Church  as  it  now  exists,  and 


46  DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  PLATES, 

a  Transverse  Section  through  the  Church  and  Chantry  Chapel;  which  latter 
has  a  good  ook-ribbed  ceiling,  ornamented  with  pateras  and  cnats  of  arms.  In 
the  centre  of  this  ceihng,  the  Troi)enell  Arms  and  the  Ludlow  Arms  on  one 
shield,  evidently  shew  that  the  Chapel  was  an  after-addition  to  the  Church,  by 
the  same  person  who  built  the  Manor-House.  The  other  two  shields  bear  the 
Tropenell  Arms  singly.  That  part  of  the  Chancel  which  is  immediately  eastward 
of  the  body  of  the  Church  is  rebuilt  on  old  foundations ;  but  that  part  eastward 
of  the  Chapel  was  added  by  Robert  Neale,  Esq.,  as  the  tablet  over  the  small 
door,  with  the  initials  R.  N.,  and  the  date  a.d.  1775,  indicates.  By  this  addition, 
the  segmental  arch  in  the  south  wall  of  the  Chancel,  and  the  elliptical  one  in 
the  east  wall  of  the  Chapel,  were  made,  which  do  not  add  at  all  to  the  beauty  of 
the  building;  indeed,  by  the  latter,  the  oak  cornice  of  the  Chapel  has  been 
injured.  The  walls  of  the  Chapel  were  adorned  with  fresco  paintings,  which 
have  been  destroyed  by  whitewash  :  they  seem  to  have  been  historical  subjects 
from  the  Bible :  the  details  are  referred  by  letter. 

Plate  III.  shews  the  Elevation,  Section,  and  Profile  of  the  Porch,  which, 
though  of  late  date,  is  of  elegant  design;  the  soffit  is  enriched  by  panels  with 
tracery  heads  :  the  details  are  referred  by  letters, 

Plate  IV.  gives,  on  one  side,  one-half  the  Elevation  and  one-half  the  Section 
ofthei?e//  Turret  and  Crocketfed  Spire ;  plans  of  the  same  at  three  diflfcrent 
heights  and  details.  The  other  side  of  the  Plate  shews  the  West  Windozo  and 
its  details.  Round  the  bell  is  the  following  inscription  :  —  rp  anno  domini 
1622,  and  the  royal  arms  of  England  as  at  that  time  worn. 

Plate  V.  shews  the  elegant  Stone  Screen  which  divided  the  Chapel  built 
by  Thomas  Tropenell,  Esq.  from  the  body  of  the  Church  ;  the  part  shewn  in 
dotted  lines  is  now  destroyed,  but  is  restored  from  portions  of  the  small 
spandrils  still  left.  This  screen  has  been  disencumbered  of  its  coats  of  white- 
wash by  the  present  Rector.  It  consists  of  a  small  door,  2  feet  6  inches  wide, 
and  two  tiers  of  three  panels  on  each  side,  the  upper  tier  being  open  ;  and  is 
surmounted  by  a  cornice  enriched  with  the  vine  leaf,  over  which  are  five  shields 
bearing  the  different  arms  of  the  family  of  Tropenell,  which  the  next  Plate  will 
better  explain  ;  at  the  bottom  of  the  Plate  are  details ;  to  the  left,  the  cornice 
in  section  ;  to  the  right,  a  section  of  the  sill  and  base,  and  plans  of  the  the  jamb 
and  mullion. 


CHURCH  AT  GREAT  CHALFIELD  AND  TOMB  IN  CORSHAM  CHURCH,  WILTSHIRE.        47 

Plate  VI.  Details  of  the  Stone  Screen.  At  the  top  of  the  Plate  is  the 
cornice  towards  the  Chapel,  and  below  it  are  details  referred  by  letter  to  this 
and  Plate  V.  In  the  centre  are  the  five  shields  which  shew  the  Tropenell 
Arms,  and  those  of  the  families  with  which  they  intermarried.  The  centre. 
No.  3,  bears  the  Tropenell  Arms  singly ;  viz.  Gules,  a  fesse  engrailed  and  powdered 
with  ermine  between  three  griffins'  heads  erased,  argent.  No.  1  bears  the  Tro- 
j)e7ieU  Arms  on  the  dexter  side,  and  the  Percy  Arms  on  the  sinister,  which  are 
azure,  five  fusils  in  fesse  or  :  this  shews  the  marriage  of  Walter  Tropenell  with 
Catherine,  daughter  of  Sir  William,  and  sister  of  Sir  Harry  Percy,  Knights, 
who  owned  Great  Chalfield ;  by  which  marriage,  and  the  failure  of  male  issue 
to  the  third  Sir  Harry  Percy,  the  estate  devolved  on  Thomas  Tropenell. 
No.  2,  on  the  dexter  side,  the  Tropenell  Arms  as  before,  and  on  the  sinister 
the  Rous  Arms,  viz.  Azure,  three  lions  rampant  ermine;  this  shews  the 
marriage  of  Roger  Tropenell,  the  grandson  of  Walter,  with  Christian,  daugh- 
ter to  Sir  John]  Rous,  of  Imber.  No.  5,  on  the  dexter  side,  the  Tropenell 
Arms  as  before,  and  on  the  sinister  side,  the  Roche  Arms,  viz.  Azure,  three 
roaches  argent,  within  a  bordure  or,  and  shews  the  marriage  of  Harry  Tro- 
penell, grandson  to  Roger,  with  Edeth,  daughter  to  Walter  Roche,  younger 
brother  to  Sir  John  Roche,  Knight,  sons  to  John  the  Roche  of  Bromham. 
No.  4,  the  Tropenell  Arms  as  before,  on  the  dexter  side,  and  the  Ludlow 
Arms  on  the  sinister  side,  which  shews  the  marriage  of  Thomas  Tropenell, 
son  to  Harry,  with  Agnes  (not  Margaret,  as  stated  in  the  pedigree),  fourth 
daughter  of  William  Ludlow,  of  Hill  Deverell,  Wilts,  by  whom  this  screen 
and  the  Chapel  which  it  enclosed  was  erected :  he  died  in  1490,  and  was 
buried  with  his  wife  in  the  Chantry  Chapel,  at  Corsham  Church,  under  the 
magnificent  altar-tomb  shewn  in  Plate  VIII.  At  the  bottom  of  the  Plate  are 
the  pateras  in  the  quatrefoils  at  the  top  of  the  screen  towards  the  Chapel,  which 
are  beautifully  executed. 

Plate  VII.  shews  an  Oak  Seat  and  Desk  in  the  present  Chancel  at  large, 
with  details,  and  a  Stone  Piscitia,  now  in  the  south  wall  of  the  modern  Chancel, 
but  which  the  author  presumes  has  been  removed  from  the  body  of  the  Church. 

Tomb  in  Corsham  Church,  Wilts. 

Plate  VIII.  shews  the  elegant  Altar  Tomb  in  the  Chantry  Chapel  at 
Corsham  Church,  which  formerly  belonged  to  the  family  of  Tropenell,  and  is 


48  DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  PLATES. 

that  of  Tliomcts  Tropenell,  Esq.  and  Agnes  his  wife.  On  the  cornice  is  a  prayer 
for  the  safety  of  their  souls,  which  runs  thus: — 5,  J),  ,^,  fiXVS  i^njai'fmiS,  fllUtlS 
MtU  flll'UEJ  Dab  ill,  fillUS  ;;fHarine  Wirgi'niS,  SSalbtt  nO£5.  May  Jesus,  the  Saviour 
of  mankind,  Christ  of  Nazareth,  so?i  of  God,  son  of  David,  son  of  the  Virgin 
Mary,  save  us.  In  the  moulding  under,  between  the  pateras,  the  motto, 
Sf  JOUgf  tpra  bflfintnt,  is  repeated  on  all  sides  [the  representation  of  a  yoke, 
forming  the  nominative  case  to  the  verb  t|>ra,  as  at  Great  Chalfield]  ;  in  the 
quatrefoils  are  shields,  bearing,  on  the  north  side,  the  first  to  the  left,  the 
Ludlozo  Arms  ;  the  centre  bears  the  Tropenell  Arms  in  dexter,  and  the  Ludloro 
Arms  in  sinister,  on  one  shield  ;  the  right  bears  the  Tropenell  Arms.  The  west 
end  has  two  quatrefoils  with  shields ;  the  one  to  the  left  bears  the  Ludlow 
Arms  ;  the  other,  the  Tropenell  and  Ludloxo  Arms  impaled ;  the  south  side  is 
similar  to  the  north ;  the  shields  at  the  east  end  bear,  the  one  to  the  left,  the 
Ludloxo  Arms,  the  other,  the  Tropenell  and  Ludloxo  Arms  impaled.  This  tomb 
has  been  richly  painted  and  gilt,  and  the  arms  have  been  emblazoned,  but  few 
traces  can  now  be  seen  of  its  former  splendour ;  the  ground  of  the  quatrefoils 
has  been  of  a  rich  blue,  the  letters,  the  motto,  the  cusps,  and  the  pateras,  have 
been  gilt,  but  the  black  outlines  only  of  the  letters  now  remain,  which  makes 
them  difficult  to  be  deciphered.* 

•  On  account  of  the  stetches  of  tliis  tomb  having  been  rubbed,  tlie  arms,  tliough  in  themselres  correctly  drawn,  have 
been  misplaced  ;  but  the  author  having  lately  visited  Corsham,  is  enabled  to  give  the  above  correct  description. 


HISTORICAL    ACCOUNT 


OF  THE 


illanor-#ou^e  at  <§outt)  Slgaraxljall^ 


WILTSHIRE. 


In  consequence  of  the  "  Utle  Maner  at  Wrexley,"  as  Leland  *  calls  it,  having 
anciently  formed  part  of  the  Manor  of  Bradford,  which  was  among  the  many 
temporalities  attached  to  the  Abbey  of  Shaftesbury  previous  to  the  dissolution 
of  religious  houses  in  Great  Britain  by  Henry  VIII.,  the  records  concerning  it 
are  very  few,  and  those  which  do  exist  throw  but  little  light  on  the  early 
history  of  what  afterwards  constituted  the  reputed  Manor  f  of  South  Wraxhall. 

The  Manor  of  Bradford  was  granted  to  the  Abbess  and  Convent  of 
Shaftesbury  by  King  Etheldred,  ^  which  was  confirmed  to  them  by  Richard  I- 
and  Edward  I. ;  §  and  mention  is  made  of  Wraxhall  in  the  Chartulary  of  the 
Abbey,  Harl.  MSS.  61,  in  which  "  Agnes  de  la  Ferei,"  whose  name  occurs  as 
abbess  in  1252,  1257,  and  1267,  ||  "with  consent  of  the  convent,  granted  and" 
"  confirmed  to  God  and  the  blessed  Mary  Magdalene  of  Fernlegh,^  and  to  " 

•  Itinerary,  Vol.  II.  fol.  30  (p.  25,  Oion,  1711). 

t  As  it  did  not  form  a  distinct  manor  at  the  time  of  passing  the  famous  statute  known  as  "  The  third  of 
Westminster,"  viz.  "  Quia  emptores  terrarum,"  18th  of  Edw.  I.  a.d.  1290  ;  it  could  only  be  recognised  as  what 
was  termed  "  a  reputed  Tnanor"  — Barrington  on  the  Statutes^     4to.  Lond.  1775,  p.  167. 

*  See  the  "  Chartulary  of  the  Abbey  of  Shaftesbury ."  — Harl.  MSS.  61,  fol.  1. 

§  On  a  plea,  "  de  quo  warranto,"  temp.  Edw.  1.,  the  Abbess  of  Shaftesbury  contended  that  her  right  to  the  Manor 
of  Bradford  was  derived  from  a  grant  by  Richard  I.,  and  the  jury  determined  that  the  title  was  undisputed.  Placita  de 
Quo  Warranto.  —  Rot.  47d.  and  30. 

II   Dugdale's  "  Monasticon,"  Vol.  II.  p.  473. 

%  Monklou  Farlev,  about  a  mile  from  South  Wraxhall. 


50  HISTORICAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  MANOR-HOUSE 

"  the  monks  serving  God  at  that  place,  the  gift  which  ISlartinus,  Capellanus " 
"  de  Wrekeshalle,  made  them  ;  viz.  a  messuage  which  the  said  Martinus  held  " 
"  of  them,  in  villa  de  Wrokeshale,  with  half  a  hide  of  land,  pasture  and" 
"  appurtenances,"*  for  which  they  were  to  pay  a  certain  rent.  This  may  refer 
to  a  ])uilding,  presumed  to  be  St.  Adwijne's,  or  St.  Edzvyne's  Chapel,'\  which 
still  exists  in  a  field  adjoining  the  Manor-House  :  it  possesses  evident  signs  of 
great  antiquity,  and,  from  an  immense  chimney  coeval  with  the  building,  which 
is  of  early  English  character,  seems  at  one  time  to  have  afforded  a  rest  for  the 
weary  pilgrim  on  his  way  to  the  shrine  of  Joseph  of  Arimathea,  similar  to  that  of 
Chapel  Plaister.  % 

Wraxhall  is  next  mentioned  in  the  twenty-fifth  year  of  the  reign  of 
Edward  III.,  when  the  Abbess  and  Convent  of  Shaftesbury  "manumitted" 
"  Thomas  Scathelok  their  v'tUahi  of  the  Manor  of  Bradford,  and  granted  to " 
"  him,  and  Editha  his  wife,  daughter  of  Roger  le  Porter,  one  messuage,  and " 
"  two  virgates,  and  nine  acres  of  land,  and  four  acres  of  meadow,  with " 
"  appurtenances  in  Lyghe  and  Wrokeshale,  within  the  Manor  of  Bradford,  and  " 
"  common  pasture  for  their  cattle  upon  116^  acres  of  land  in  the  said  villes" 
"  within  the  aforesaid  manor,  and  upon  100  acres  of  pasture  within  the  town-" 
"  ship  of  Lyghe."  § 

It  came  into  the  possession  of  the  family  of  Longe,  or  Le  Long,  prior  to  the 
reign  of  Henry  VI.,  but  by  what  means  is  not  recorded;  and,  in  consequence  of 
it  having  been  church  land,  it  is  difficult,  at  this  remote  period,  to  ascertain. 
Leland  says,  in  his  Itinerary, — 

•  Harl.  USS.  61,  fol.  92. 

t  "  The  Rectory,  or  Cbapel  in  South  Wiaxall,  called  St.  Adwynes,  alias  St.  Edwynes,  alias  St.  Jewens,  was" 
"  purchased  by  John  Long,  sometimes  of  Ilaugh,  and  afterwards  of  IMounckton,  Co.  Wilts,  Esq.,  of  Henry  Tliynne  and  " 
"  Edward  Pille,  by  indenture,  S20th  Nov.  1629,  which  he  afterwards  devised  by  will,  dat.  15th  Jan.  1652,  pr.  13th" 
"  May,  1654,  to  his  son,  John  Long."  —  See  "  Bellz's  MS.  Genealogical  Collections  relative  to  the  Family  of  Long," 
in  the  possession  of  Walter  Long,  Esq.  of  Rood  Ashton,  M.P.,  p.  18. 

In  tlie  valuation  taken,  temj).  Henry  VIII.,  of  the  temporalities  belonging  to  the  Priory  at  Monkton  Farley,  is  the 
following,  which  relates  to  South  Wraxhall,  viz. — 

"  Wraxhall-cum-Box  —  Redd' assis' in  Wraxhall  . .      0     3     0" 

"Wraxhall — Redd' custum' teneu'    1     3     0" 

Dugdale^s  "  Monasticoji"  Vol.  \^.  p.  32. 
i  See  on  account  of  Chapel  Plaister,  witli  a  plate,  in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  for  Feb.  1835,  p.  143. 
"  In  those  Times  (besides  the  Jollities  already  mentioned),  they  had  their  Pilgrimages  to  Walsiiigbam,  Canterbnry,  '* 
"  &c.  to  several  Shrines,  as  chiefly  hereabouts,  to  St.  Joseph's  of  Arimathea,  at  his  Chapel  in  Glastonbury  Abbey.     In  " 
"  the  roads  thither  were  several  Houses  of  Entertainment,  built  purposely  for  them  ;    among  others,  was  the  House  " 
"  called  The  Chapel  of  Playster,  jiear  Boi,  and  a  great  House  called  .     .     .     .  ,  without  Lafford's  Gate,  near  Bristol." 
—  Aubrey's  "  Miscetlatiies."     P.  34  of  an  introduction  to  a  History  of  the  Northern  Division  of  Wilts.     LonJ.  1714, 
J  Escaet.  de  anno  vicesimo  quinto  Edwardi  III.  —  53,  2nd  Nos.  in  Turri  Lond. 


AT  SOUTH  WRAXHALL,  WILTSHIRE.  51 

"  "  Mr.  Long*  hath  a  litle  Maner  about  a  mile  from  Munlieton-Farleij  at  Wrexley." 

"  The  Original  setting  up  of  the  House  of  the  Lovges  cam,  as  I  lernid  of  Mr.  " 
"  Sonehmn,  by  this  meanes  :" 

"  One  Long  Thomas,  a  stoute  felaw,  was  sette  up  by  one  of  the  old  Lordes  Hungre-  " 
"  fordes.  And  after  by  cause  this  Thomas  was  cauUid  Long  Thomas,  Long  after  was " 
"  usurpid  for  the  Name  of  the  Family." 

"  This  Long  Thomas  Master  had  sum  Lande  by  Hungrefordes  procuration." 

"  Then  succedid  hym  Robert  and  Henry." 

"  Then  cam  one  Thomas  Long  descending  of  ''  Younger  Brother,  and  could  skille  of" 
"  the  Law,  and  had  the  Inheritances  of  the  aforesaid  Longes.  Syr  Henry  and  Sir" 
"  Richard  Long  were  Sunnes  to  this  Thomas."f 

And  Camden  gives  a  similar  tradition,  in  accounting  for  the  origin  of  surnames, 
confirmatory  of  Leland's  hearsay,  in  the  following  words:  — "  In  respect  of" 
"  stature,  I  could  recite  to  you  other  examples,  but  I  will  onely  adde  this " 
"  which  I  have  read,  that  a  young  Gentleman  of  the  house  of  Preux,  being  of" 
"  tall  stature,  attending  on  the  Lord  Hitngerford,  Lord  Treasurer  of  England" 
"  was  among  his  fellows  called  Long  H.,  who  afterwards  preferred  to  a  good " 
"  marriage  by  his  Lord,  was  called  H.  Long,  that  name  continued  to  his " 
"  posteritie.  Knights  and  men  of  great  worship."  J 

There  seems  little  doubt  but  that  credit  is  to  be  given  to  these  statements, 
more  especially  as  Camden,  who  does  not  quote  Leland,  but  must  have  read  it 
in  some  other  author,  gives  the  original  surname  of  the  long  person,  and 
mentions  that  a  good  marriage  was  the  means  by  which  the  Lord  Hungerford 
set  him  up.  They  disagree,  certainly,  as  to  the  Christian  ?iame,  in  which,  most 
probably,  Camden  is  right,  for  his  authority  being  so  minute  in  the  other  details, 
was  not  likely  to  be  incorrect  in  such  an  essential. 

The  first  recorded  possessor  of  Sotith  Wraxhall  was  Robert  Longe,  who  was 
in  the  commission  of  the  peace  in  1426,  and  M.P.  for  Wilts  in  1433.  He  is 
stated  to  have  married  Alice,  daughter  of  Reginald  Popham,  of  North  Bradley, 
Wilts,  by  whom  he  had  issue  three  sons,  Henry,  John,  and  Reginald.  In  the 
2oth  year  of  the  reign  of  Henry  VI.  a.d.  1447,  Henry  was  found  to  be  his 

"  Sir  Henry  s»pr.  lin.  scribitur  in  Autogr.  ^  A  younger  B. 

•  Sir  Henry  Long,  in  another  place,  "  Thus  rydyng  I  lefte  Avon  streame,  aboute  a  2  Bliles  on  the  lifte  Hand.  I  " 
"  markid  2  Places  between  Mulmesbjiri  and  Chippenham  notable.  Draicote  wher  &ii  Henrye  Long  hath  a  fair  Manor" 
"  Place,  and  a  Park  about  a  Mile  from  Avon  Streame.  Draicot  is  a  5  Miles  from  Malmesbyri,  and  a  2  Miles  from  " 
"  Chippenham."  — Jlin.  Vol.  II.  fol.  28  (p.  23,  Oxon.  1711). 

t  Ibid.  Vol.  II.  fol.  30  (p.  24,  Oxon.  1711).  X  Camden's  '•  Remaines,"  by  J.  PLilipot,  p.  142. 


52  HISTORICAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  MANOR-HOUSE 

heir,  and  to  be  upwards  of  thirty  years  of  age,  while  Thomas  Wayte  was  found 
to  be  the  heir  o{  Margaret,  his  wife,  and  to  be  upwards  of  twenty-four  years  of 
age ;  so  tliat  he  must  have  married,  for  a  second  wife,  this  Margaret,  who 
was  rehct  of  Edward  Wayte,  of  Draycot  Cerne,  and  daughter  of  Philip  Popham, 
of  Berton  Sacy,  in  Hampshire  ;*  which  may  account  for  two  coats  of  the  arms 
of  Popham  having  been  in  the  Manor-House,  one  without,  and  the  other  with 
a  crescent,  the  sign  of  cadence.  The  style  of  the  Hall,  which  is  the  most 
ancient  portion  of  the  "  Longe  Howse,"  would  lead  one  to  imagine  that  this 
Robert  was  the  projector,  but  no  record  can  be  found  to  assure  us  of  the 
exact  time  in  which  it  was  built ;  and  the  armorial  bearings,  in  many  in- 
stances our  best  evidence,  are  of  little  assistance  in  this  inquiry,  as  they  were 
clearly  put  up  at  a  later  period.  They  consist  of  shields  sculptured  on  the 
brackets  supporting  the  arched  timbers  of  the  hall-roof,  which,  from  their  style, 
cannot  be  anterior  to  the  reign  of  Henry  VH.  or  VHI.f  The  roof  itself,  which 
is  richly  ornamented  with  quatrefoils  between  the  principal  rafters,  seems 
coeval  with  the  exterior.  J 

A  visit  to  these  abodes  of  "  the  old  English  gentlemen  "  cannot  but  impress 
the  contemplative  mind  with  reverential  awe,  and  a  desire  to  investigate  the 
manners  and  customs  of  the  times  in  which  they  were  reared.  They  for  the  most 
part  assimilate  in  their  general  arrangements,  wliich,  even  in  Aubrey's  time,  were 
kept  up  in  the  north  :  he  says—"  In  Scotland,  still  the  Architecture  of  a  Lord's  " 
"  House  is  thus,  viz.  a  great  open  Hall,  a  Kitchen  and  Buttery,  a  Parlour,  over" 
"  which  a  Chamber  for  my  Lord  and  Lady  ;  all  the  rest  lye  in  common,  viz.  the  " 
"  Men-servants  in  the  Hall,  the  Women  in  a  common  Room."  Then  it  was  that 
"the  lords  of  manours  kept  good  houses  in  their  countries,  did  eat  in  their" 
"  great  Gothick  halls  at  the  high  table,  or  onele,§  the  folk  at  the  side  tables;" 
when  "  the  Halls  of  Justices  of  the  Peace  were  dreadful  to  behold,  the  Skreens  " 
"  garnished  with  Corslets  and  Helmets,  gaping  with  open  Mouth,  with  Coats " 
"  of  Mail,  Lances,  Pikes,  Halbcrts,  brown  Bills,  Batterdashers,  Bucklers,  and" 
"  the  modern  Colivers  and  Petronels  (in  King  Charles  the  Ist's  Time)  turned" 

•  Esc.  25  Hen.  VI.     No.  16.  t  See  PI.  XV.  }  See  PI.  X.  and  XIV. 

$  "  Oriele,"  he  says,  "  is  an  Ear,  but  here  it  means  a  little  Room  at  the  upper  End  of  the  Hall,  where  stands  a" 
"Square  or  round  Table,  perhaps  in  the  old  Time  was  an  Oratory;  in  every  old  C'tliic  II.iU  is  one,  viz.  at  Dracot," 
"  Lekhinn,  Alclerlon,  &c.  The  Meat  was  served  up  by  \Valch-]Vmds.  Jacks  are  but  an  Invention  oftlie  other  Age  ;" 
"  the  poor  lioys  did  turn  the  Spits,  and  lick''  the  Dripping.Pan  and  grew  to  be  lusty  Knaves.  Here  in  the  Hall  were" 
"  the  Mummings,  Cob-leaf-stealing,  and  great  number  of  Chrmnms  Plays  performed." 


AT  SOUTH  WRAXHALL,  WILTSHIRE.  53 

"  into  Muskets  and  Pistols.  Upon  any  Occasion  of  Justing  or  Tournaments  in" 
"  those  Days,  one  of  these  great  Lords  sounded  his  Trumpets  (the  Lords  kept" 
"  Trumpeters,  even  to  King  James),  and  summoned  those  that  held  under  them." 
"  Those  again  sounded  their  Trumpets,  and  so  down  to  the  Copyholders,"  or 
villains.  "  No  younger  Brothers  then  were,  by  the  Custom  and  Constitution  " 
"  of  the  Realm,  to  betake  themselves  to  Trades,  but  were  Churchmen,  or  Re-  " 
"  tainers,  and  Servants  to  great  Men,  rid  good  Horses  (now  and  then  took  a " 
"  Purse),  and  their  Blood,  that  was  bred  at  the  good  Tables  of  their  IVIasters, " 
"  was,  upon  every  Occasion,  freely  let  out  in  their  Quarrels  ;  it  was  then  too  " 
"  common  among  their  Masters  to  have  Feuds  with  one  another,  and  their" 
"  Servants,  at  Market,  or  when  they  met  (in  that  slashing  Age),  did  commonly  " 
"  bang  one  another's  Bucklers.  Then  an  Esquire,  when  he  rode  to  town," 
"  was  attended  by  eight  or  ten  INIen  iti  blue  Coats,  with  Badges.  The  Lords" 
"  (then  Lords  in  Deed  as  well  as  Title)  lived  in  their  Countries  like  petty" 
"  Kings,  had  Jura  Regalia  belonging  to  their  Seigniories,  had  their  Castles" 
"  and  Boroughs,  and  sent  Burgesses  to  the  Lozver  House ;  had  Gallows  within" 
"  their  Liberties,  where  they  could  try,  condemn,  draw  and  hang ;  never  went "' 
"  to  London  but  in  Parliament-Time,  or  once  a  Year  to  do  their  Homage  and  " 
"  Duty  to  tlie  King.  Every  baron  and  gentleman  of  estate  kept  great  horses  " 
"  for  a  man  at  arms.  Lords  had  their  Armouries,  to  furnish  some  hundreds  " 
"of  Men." 

The  next  possessor  of  Wraxhall  was  Henry  Longe,  Esq.,  mentioned  above 
as  the  eldest  son  and  heir;  he  was  Sheriff  for  Wilts  in  1457,  1476,  and  1483.f 
We  find  him  named  in  the  will  of  Margaret  Lady  Hungerford,  as  feoffee, 
together  with  Thomas  Tropenell,  J  in  1476:  he  married,  first,  Johanne, 
daughter  of  J.  Ernleigh  ;  secondly,  Margaret,  daughter  of  John  Newburgh  of 
Lulworth,  in  Dorsetshire ;  and,  thirdly,  another  Johanne,  who  survived  him  ; 
but  by  neither  had  he  any  issue.  The  two  former  are  mentioned  in  his  will  as 
"  nuper  uxores  mei,"  wliich  bears  date  at  Wroxhall,  1st  May,  a.d.  1490;  he 
"  commends  his  soul  to  God  the  Father  Almiglity,  the  blessed  Virgin  Mary," 
"  and   all  Saints,"  and   requests   that   his   body  be  buried  in   the  Church   of 

*  Aubrey's  "  Miscellanies."     Pp.  28,  29,  and  30,  of  an  Introduction  to  a  History  of  the  Northern  Division  of  Wilis. 

t  In  Had.  MSS.  433,  p.  35.  "  Henry  Long,  late  Shireff  of  the  Countie  of  Wiltess,''  is  said  to  have  received  a 
pardon  from  Richard  III.  a.d.  1485 ;  also,  "  Thomas  Tropenell,  of  Chuldefeld,  in  the  Countie  of  Wilts,  Esquirre,  hath  " 
"  a  generall  pardonne." 

•     {  Ihomas  Tropenell  was   also  Feoffee  to  Robert  Lord  Hungerford,  a.d.  1487.  —  See  "Historical  Account  of  Gt. 
Chalfield."     Part  II.  Eiamjiles  of  Gothic  Architecture.     "  Third  Series,"  p.  7. 


54 


HISTORICAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  MANOR-HOUSE. 


Wroxliall,  coram  altd  cnice  T  and,  among  many  other  bequests,  in  jnos  tisus, 
he  leaves  "  to  the  parochial  Church  of  Wroxliall  xxs.  for  vestments."* 

The  maiden  surname  of  his  widow  is  not  known,  but,  from  a  monument 
still  existing  in  the  Lougs  Chapel  at  Wraxhall  Church,  which  bears  the  arms  of 
Long  impaling  Berkeley  quarterly  with  Seijmour  (to  the  memory  of  a  widow, 
as  the  crimping  of  the  cap  sufficiently  testifies),  who  must  have  been  a  Berkeley 
by  an  heiress  of  Seymour,  it  may  be  safely  presumed  that  this  monument,  with 
which  the  chapel  is  coeval,  was  erected  by 

Sir  Thomas  Longe,  Knight  (who  inherited  the  estates  of  his  uncle),  to  the 
memory  of  his  aunt ;  and  that  she  was  a  daughter  of  Thomas  Berkeley  by 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Thomas  Seymer,f  this  being  the  only  match  on  record 
the  dates  of  which  will  warrant  the  marriage  with  a  Long.  This  monument, 
of  which  a  woodcut  is  subjoined,  is  of  late  date,  as  may  be  seen  by  the  style  of 
mouldings,  the  sculpture  of  the  figures,  and  the  form  of  the  shields.  J  The 
figure  is  partly  restored,  as  shewn  by  the  dotted  lines. 


i..i.  ,1 , 


"  See  his  will,  at  length,  in  Appendix,  No,  HI.  t  Le  Neve's  Baronets,  Vol.  I.  Coll.  Arms. 

}  This  monument,  and  the  chapel  which  was  built  for  it,  is  thus  noticed  by  Aubrey,  in  his  MSS.  under 
"  S.  Wraxall."  "  In  the  Church  here  in  Long's  Chapelle  an  old  altar  monument  of  freestone  on  w'*"  lies  a  figure" 
'•  with  a  robe,  but  so  cov***  with  a  deske  not  well  to  be  discerned.  I  guess  it  to  be  of  a  woman.  In  the  limbe  are  the  " 
"  Marshall's  locks  as  in  the  margin  :  in  the  middle  of  y"  N.  side  is  an  Angel  holding  y'  Scutcheon  in  the  margin," 


AT  SOUTH  WRAXHALL,  WILTSHIRE.  55 

Sir  Thomas  was  son  and  heir  of  John  Longe  (second  son  to  Robert), 
who  married  Margaret,  sister  and  coheiress  of  Thomas  Wayte,  of  the  Temple 
and  of  Draycot,  and  younger  daughter  of  Edward  Wayte  by  Margaret 
Popham,  who,  as  is  stated  above,  in  her  widowhood  married  Robert  Longe. 
By  this  intermarriage,  the  manor  of  Draycot*  was  acquired  "injure  uxoris," 
which  was  held,  as  Aubrey  tells  us,  "  by  peiit  serjeant'ic,  viz.  by  being " 
"  marshall  at  the  king's  coronation,  which  was  the  reason  the  Cernes,  who  " 
"  held  it  prior  to  the  Waytes,  gave  the  maishall's  lock  for  their  cognizance."f 
This  marshall's  lock  was  most  probably  adopted  as  a  badge  by  Sir  Thomas 
Longe,  and  on  the  monument  in  question  it  is  profusely  scattered ;  which 
circumstance  may  be  deduced  as  another  reason  for  attributing  it  and  the 
chapel  to  his  piety.  He  was  sheriff  in  1501,  and  executor  to  Richard  Lord 
St.  Amand  in  1508;  he  married  Margery,  daughter  of  Sir  George  Darell  of 
Littlecote,  Wilts.  Sir  Thomas  was  among  the  "  gi'Cate  tOmpaiCjny  Of  llOblf  " 
**  incniU"  who  went,  with  Edward  Duke  of  Buckingham,  in  1496,  to  meet  the 
King  (Henry  VH.)  at  Taunton,  then  in  pursuit  of  Perkin  Warbeck.;];  This 
circumstance,  it  is  conjectured,  was  recorded  by  the  painted  glass  which,  in 
Aubrey's  time,  adorned  the  tracery-headed  windows  of  the  manor-house  ;  not 

'*  supported  with  two  lyons  passant  guardant,  w^''  seeme  to  have  been  crowned  or  beaumed,  and  have  a  neckcloth  w^''  is  " 
'*  inveckted  as  low  as  his  shoulders  ;  the  one  hath  on  bis  shoulder  the  (Shield)  of  the  (  Wings  conjoined)  ;  the  other  " 
"  tbe  (Siiield)  of  Long.  The  South  side  was  as  the  North,  but  now  almost  defaced.  The  Windows  are  all  defaced  of" 
"  this  Chapell,  as  also  of  the  Church  ;  in  the  E.  Window  of  the  Chancel  is  only  sign  of  a  Scutizon." 

"  In  the  Cbapell," 

"  In        f"  Here  lieth  the  body  of  Cap'.  John  Long,  Esqf.  son  of  John  Long,  Esq.  Justice  of  tlie  Peace  and  Quo-  " 

Freestone.  \_"  rum,  who  departed  this  life  in  tbe  City  of  Westminster,  the  23  of  Febr.  1652.     A  marble  blank." 

"  In  freestone,  here  lieth  tbe  body  of  Will.  Long,  Esq.  who  dyed  1 1  Sept.  1664." 

"  Here  lieth  Walter  Long,  of  South  Wraxhall,  Gent,  son  of  John  Long,  Esq'',  and  Justice  of  Peace  and  Quor.  " 
"  who  died  at  East  Brent,  in  Somerset,  1 1  Oct.  1669.  Here  lieth  also  the  body  of  Barbara,  his  wife,  who  died  14  Oct.  " 
"  1669.  Here  lieth  the  body  of  William  Awbrey,  late  of  Chaddenew,  in  the  parish  of  Meer,  in  y'  County  of  Wilts,  " 
"  Esq.  who  dyed  8  Jan.  1664.  Are  y^  RSS.  of  1649  not  in  y=  Cpelle.  In  the  Chapell  are  two  handsome  niches" 
"  and  holy  water-potte." 

"  Over  a  late  dure,  w'*"  opens  into  Long's  Chapelle,  R.  Ad.  Diii  1566.  L.  (between  tbe  Marshall's  lock  and  tbe 
Stag's-head.) 

•  "  Dant  quod  villa  do  Draycot  fuit  de  serjantia  domini  Regis,  et  Johannes  de  Venoys  tenuit  earn  et  similiter  alias  " 
"  terras  per  serviciam  invenieudi  in  hospicio  domini  Regis  terciam  Virgam  Marescalcie,  et  idem  Johannes  dedit  terram  " 
"  illam  Magistro  Henrico  de  Cerne  per  cartam  suam  ;  quod  donum  duniinus  Rex  nunc  confirmavit  per  cartam  suam,  et" 
"  Philippus  de  Cerne  heres  ejusdem  modo  earn  tenet.''  —  Rotuli  Hundredorum,  Vol.  II.  p.  235.     Temp.  Henry  III. 

t  Aubrey's  "  Collections  for  Wills,"  Part  II.  p.  63.  Printed  by  J.  Davy,  Queen  Street,  Seven  Dials.  London, 
1821. 

X  His  companions  from  Wiltshire  were,  Morisk  Berkeley,  William  Storton,  John  Semer,  Richard  Beauchamp,  Roger 
Tokete,  Eduiarde  Darell,  Amis  Paulet,  and  William  Sainiemaur, — The  Curoniclf.  of  John  Hardyno,  by  Richard  Grafton, 
{o\.  &6,  of  tlie  Continuation  in  prose.    Lond.  1543, 


56  HISTORICAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  MANOR-HOUSE 

a  vestige  of  this  elegant  accompaniment  of  Gothic  architecture  now  remains, 
save  only  a  small  portion  in  a  window  over  the  porch,  which  induced  the 
author  to  visit  the  Ashmolean  Museum  at  Oxford,  where  he  transcribed 
Aubrey's  notes,  and  took  memoranda  of  the  coats-of-arms  (in  the  original, 
all  drawn  and  emblazoned) :  they  will  be  found  in  the  Appendix.  Sir 
Thomas  Longe  was  knighted  at  the  marriage  of  Prince  Arthur  ;  and  his  arms, 
as  entered  in  Claud.  C.  III.,  are  Long  and  Seymour  quarterly.*  He,  the 
author  presumes,  put  up  the  brackets  of  the  hall-roof  shewn  in  Plate  XV., 
as  the  fetterlock  appears  on  one  of  them ;  and  probably  added  the  Entrance- 
Gateway,  as,  on  one  of  the  terminations  to  the  label  over  the  arch  (which 
is  very  flat,  four- centred -pointed  of  late  date)  is  the  same  fetterlock;  on  the 
other  was  a  stag's  head,  now  destroyed,  but  which  was  perfect  when  Aubrey 
wrote.f 

There  is  a  great  similarity  in  the  plan  and  elevation  of  the  hall  and  offices 
to  Great  Chalfield  (distant  only  three  miles) :  so  much  so,  that  one  would 
almost  imagine  South  Wraxhall,  which  is  certainly  the  older  of  the  two,  served 
as  a  model  for  that  magnificent  fabric,  although  the  dimensions  of  the  two  are 
very  different ;  that  at  Chalfield  being  much  larger.  J 

"  Sir  Thomas  Long,  Knight,  lyes  buried  by  the  north  wall  of  the  chancell," 
"  under  a  rich  Gothique  alter  monument  of  freestone  without  inscription,  his" 
"  heaume  and  crest  do  yet  hang  up."§ 

The  next  possessor  was  Sir  Henry  Longe,  Knight,  son  of  Sir  Thomas,  who 
was  sheriff  for  Wilts  in   1512,  1526,  1537,  1512  ;  for  Somerset,  in   1538  ;  for 

•  Margery,  his  wife,  was  daughter  of  Sir  George  Darell,  by  Margaret  Seymour,  "  MS.  Pedigrees  of  Long,"  by  Beltz, 
in  the  possession  of  Walter  Long,  Esq.  W.P. 

t  He  died  in  1700,  at  Oxford,  on  bis  way  to  Draycot. 

t  See  Part  II.  Examplfs  of  Gothic  AncmrECTunE,  Third  Seiiies.  Compare  PI.  III.  Great  Chalfield, 
with  PI.  II._III.  South  Wraxhall. 

§  ColUclions  for  Wilts,  Part  II.  p.  62.  "  The  coates  of  annes  on  this  monument  are  as  foUoweth  :  —  West  End  :  " 
"  I.  S'.  John  quartering  Delamare.  G.  2  lions  pass.  gard.  O.  South  Side  :  II.  Long.  S.  crusuly  off  crosslets  and  a  li.  r  A." 
"  III.  Barkley  impaling  ....  per  pale  O.  and  az.  a  cross-moline  counterchanged.  IV.  Long  impaling  Dayrell " 
"  Az.  li.  r.  A.  crowned  O.  East  End  :  V.  Seymour.  G.  two  wings  inverted  O.  About  the  cornice  of  the  monument," 
"  thus  :  —  West  End :  VI.  O.  on  a  chief  G.  2  stags'  heads  cabossed  0.  VIL  Cerne.  Az.  a  horse's  head  coup.  O.  VIII." 
"  Sturton.  S.  a  bend  O  bt.  6  fountains.  IX.  The  Marshall's  fett  lock,  or  hand  bolt.  X.  O.  on  a  chief  G.  a  bezant" 
"  between  2  stags'  heads  cabossed  O.     XL  Long  imp.  a  chevron  quartering  Seymour.     A  cross  crosslet.     XII.  Sturton," 

"  as  before.     XIII.  Sturton  between  two  cross  crosslets.     XIV.  Seymour,  as  before.     XV On  a  chevron" 

" 3  bezants.     XVL  A.  on  a  chief  G.  a  bezant  between  2  wings  O.     XVII.  A.  li.  r.  S.  collared  O." 

"  langued  and  armed  G.      XVIIL  Az.  a  bend  engrail  colized  O.      XIX.  Idem  cum  X  VIL      XX.  Long  imp.  quarterly  " 

" Q- Ceme's  coate,  and  if  Wayte  did  not  marry  the  daughter  and  heir  of  Cerne  ?"     This  monument 

is  engraved  in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  for  June  183S,  and  an  amended  description  is  given  of  it  by  C.  E.  Long,  Esq. 
who  visited  it. 


AT  SOUTH  WRAXHALL,  WILTSHIRE.  57 

Dorset  in  1539;  and  M.P.  for  Wilts,  1552,  53.*  He  married,  first,  Frideswide, 
daughter  of  Sir  John  Hungerford,  of  Down  Ampney,  great-grandson  of  tlie 
Lord  Treasurer ;  and,  secondly,  Eleanor,  daughter  of  Richard  Wrottesley,  of 
Wrottesley,  in  Staffordshire,  relict  of  Edmund  Leversedge,  of  Frome  Selwood, 
Somersetshire.  Sir  Henry  was  present  at  the  siege  of  Boulogne,  accompanied 
Henrv  VHI.  to  the  Field  of  the  Cloth  of  Gold,  and  was  knighted  for  making  a 
gallant  charge  at  Therouenne,  in  Picardy,  in  the  sight  of  Henry,  when  a  new 
crest,  consisting  of  a  lion's  head,  zcif/i  a  mtrn's  hand  in  its  mouth,  was  granted  to 
him  :  his  banner  bears  the  motto, — "  Fortune  soies  heureux"  neither  of  which  is 
to  be  found  in  the  manor-house,  so  that,  with  greater  safety,  we  may  attribute  the 
pure  Gothic  portion  of  the  building  to  an  earlier  period  than  during  his  possession; 
since  it  may  be  fairly  presumed  that  a  crest,  so  nobly  obtained,  would  have 
inspired  vanity  sufficient  to  "  cause  it  to  be  graven  in  stone  "  on  any  building 
he  may  have  projected.  A  fireplace  there  is  indeed,  but  of  bad  detail,  in 
the  bedroom,  over  what  is  presumed  to  have  been  the  ancient  parleure,  and 
ascended  by  a  staircase  from  it,  which,  in  one  spandril,  bears  the  initials 
^«  1^.  2-.  for  Sir  Henry  Long,  and  in  the  other,  ^.  <Q,  linked  together  by  a 
Gordian  knot,  for  Henry  and  Eleanor,  his  second  wife.  By  the  first  marriage 
he  had  no  male  issue  to  survive  him ;  but  by  the  second,  six  sons  and  three 
daughters.     The  eldest  son. 

Sir  Robert  Longe,  Knight,  inherited  Wraxhall  and  Draycot ;  he  was 
sheriff  for  Wilts  in  1575,  served  at  the  siege  of  Boulogne,  and  was  esquire 
of  the  body  to  King  Henry  VHI.  He  married  Barbara,  daughter  of  Sir 
Edward  Carne,  of  Wenny,  Glamorganshire,  by  whom  he  had  issue,  four 
sons  and  one  daughter.  Sir  Robert,  who  probably  was  the  first  Protestant 
member  of  this  family,  enclosed  the  Long's  Chapel,  in  South  Wraxhall  Church, 
by  building  up  a  doorway  to  the  left  of  the  monument  mentioned  above,  and  a 
solid  wall  to  the  right,  for  the  convenience,  no  doubt,  of  a  family  pew,  by  which 
the  east  and  west  ends  were  destroyed  (on  the  east  end  is  still  to  be  seen  one- 
half  of  an  angel,  with  expanded  wings).  In  after  times  the  work  of  desecration 
was  completed,  for  the  south  side  was  sadly  mutilated  before  Aubrey  saw  it, 
which,  he  says,  "  was  as  the  north,  but  nowe  almost  defaced."  The  sculpture 
seems  to  have  been,  since  then,  wilfully  chipped  off",  to  allow  of  its  being  more 

•  The  following  occurs  in  "  Valor  Ecclesiasticus  "  (26  Hen.  VIII.  a.d.  1533)  under  Priory  of  Farkigh  ;— 

Feed' 
"  Henrici  Loxg  milit'  sea"  capit'lis  dci  priorat'  per  annu'^2." 

I 


£8  HISTORICAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  MANOR-HOUSE 

conveniently  boarded  up,  for  nothing  is  now  discernible  save  the  rude  strokes 
of  an  untutored  chisel.  Over  the  outer  door  of  this  chapel  are  Sir  Robert  Long's 
initials;  viz.  R.  An.  Dni.  1566.  L.  between  the  marshal's  fetterlock  and  the 
stag's  head ;  which  evidently  shews  a  wish  on  his  part  to  be  considered  as  the 
founder,  for  the  stone  on  which  these  cognizances  are  sculptured  has  been 
inserted,  while  the  jambs  of  the  doorway  are  original.  The  same  initials  are 
also  on  the  doorway  leading  from  the  church  to  the  chapel.  His  eldest  son. 
Sir  Walter  Longe,*  Knight,  next  succeeded,  who  was  M.P.  for  Wilts  in 
1592,  and  Sheriff  in  1601.  He  married,  first,  Mary,  daughter  of  Sir  William 
Packington,  of  Westwood,  in  Worcestershire,  Knight,  by  whom  he  had  two  sons 
and  one  daughter ;  and,  secondly,  Catharine,  daughter  of  Sir  John  Thynne,  of 
Longleat,  Knight,  by  whom  he  had  six  sons  and  six  daughters.  To  him  we  are 
indebted  for  the  chimney-piece  in  the  hall,  which  bears  the  date  of  An.  Dhi.  1598, 
and  the  arms  o?  Long  impaling  Came — his  father's  coat ;  see  Plate  XIV.  He  also 
made  many  additions  to  the  Manor-House  itself;  the  left  wing  containing,  as  at 
Chalfield,  the  guest-chamber,  was  pulled  down,  and  a  stately  withdrawing- 
room  built,  ornamented  by  a  richly  carved  chimney-piece,  and  a  ribbed  plaster 
ceiling.  In  giving  additional  width  to  this  room,  it  was  found  expedient  to 
preserve  the  old  roof  (which  still  exists,  as  shewn  in  Plate  XVI.),  and  for  the 
support  of  the  wall-plate  to  leave  a  pier  about  midway  between  the  two  end 
walls,  thereby  occasioning  a  curious  angular  projection  inside  the  room,  opposite 
the  fireplace,  ornamented  with  niches  and  dwarf  columns.  A  view  of  this  room 
is  given  in  Plate  XVII.,  for  which  the  author  is  indebted  to  Walter  Long,  Esq. 
M.P.  the  present  proprietor:  it  did  not  form  part  of  the  plan  of  this  work;  but 
as  the  Gothic  and  the  later  styles  (of  which  there  are  many  good  examples 
hei'e)  are  so  completely  blended,  it  was  deemed  a  pity,  by  those  who  have 
kindly  taken  an  interest  in  the  present  publication,  to  leave  this  " noble  room" 
as  Aubrey  calls  it,  untouched.     The  alteration  seems,  from  the  style  of  the  fire- 

•  "  Sir  Walt.  Long,  of  Draycot  (gr.  father  to  tliis  S''  James  Long),  married  a  daughter  of  Sir  Jo.  Thynne,  by  " 
"  which  meanes,  and  their  consimility  of  disposition,  there  was  a  very  conjunct  friendship  between  the  two  brotliers  " 
"  (Raleighs)  and  him ;  and  old  John  Long,  who  then  waited  on  S'  W.  Long,  being  one  time  in  the  Privy-Garden  with  " 
"  his  master,  saw  the  Earle  of  Nottingham  wipe  the  dust  from  Sir  Walter  R.'s  (Raleigh's)  shoes  with  his  cloake  in  " 

"compliment He  (.Sir  W.  Raleigh)  was  the  first  that  brought  tobacco  into  England,  and  into  " 

"  fashion.  In  our  ])art  of  North  Wilts, — e.g.  Malmesbury  hundred, — it  came  first  into  fashion  by  S'  Walter  Long.  " 
"  They  had,  first,  silver  pipes.  The  ordinary  sort  made  use  of  a  walnul.sbell  and  a  strawe.  I  have  heard  my  gr.  " 
"  father  Lyte  say,  that  one  pipe  was  handed  from  man  to  man  round  the  table."-^AuBREv's  Letters  and  Lices  of  Embient 
Men.     8vo.     London,  1813.    Vol.  II.  pp.  511,  512. 


AT  SOUTH  WUAXHALL,  WILTSHIRE.  59 

place,  which  is  much  purer  in  detail  than  is  usually  met  with,  to  have  been  made 
in  the  early  part  of  the  reign  of  James  I.  The  details  of  the  windows  certainly 
come  under  the  denomination  of  Elizabethan,  as  also  the  exterior  composition 
of  the  gables ;  but  as  the  niches  before  mentioned  are  proved  to  be  coeval 
with  the  first  alteration,  and  are  of  the  same  style  as  the  fireplace,  it 
may  be  safely  attributed  to  that  era,  and  only  shews  how  gradually  one 
fashion  gave  place  to  another.  To  the  rear  of  this  room,  and  ascended  by  a 
short  flight  of  steps  from  it,  is  a  bedroom,  with  a  fireplace  of  the  same  style, 
bearing,  in  panels,  the  following  inscriptions: — Faher  est  quisq.  fortune  sue, 
on  one  side ;  on  the  other,  Aequa  laus  est  a  laudatis  laudarl,  et  ah  imjirobo 
improbari ;  and  in  the  centre,  on  a  bracket,  where  sits  a  monkey.  Mors  rap'it 
omnia.  These  steps  also  lead  into  a  small  closet  over  the  north-east  bay,  but 
all  communication  with  that  over  the  north-west  bay  was  cut  off  by  the  altera- 
tions :  the  door,  however,  remains  some  feet  above  the  present  floor  of  tlie 
drawing-room,  behind  the  stone-work  of  the  great  fireplace ;  it  is  visible  inside 
the  closet,  as  shewn  in  Plate  XIV.  No.  3. 

"  The  second  wife,"  says  Aubrey,  "  did  use  much  artifice  to  render  the  Son  " 
"  by  the  first  Wife  (who  had  not  much  Promethean  Fire)  odious  to  his  Father. " 
"  She  would  get  her  acquaintance  to  make  him  Drunk,  and  then  expose  him  " 
"  in  that  condition  to  his  Father;  in  fine,  she  never  left  off"  her  Attempts  till  " 
"  she  had  got  Sir  Walter  to  disinherit  him.  She  laid  the  scene  for  doing  this  " 
"  at  Bath,  at  the  Assizes,  where  was  her  brother  Sir  Egrhnond  Tlujnne,  an  " 
"  eminent  Sergeant  at  Law,  who  drew  the  writing;  and  his  Clerk  was  to  sit  up" 
"  all  night  to  engross  it.  As  he  was  Writing,  he  perceived  a  Shadow  from  the  " 
"  Candle ;  he  look'd  up,  and  there  appeared  a  Hand,  which  immediately  " 
"vanished;  he  was  startled  at  it,  but  thought  it  might  be  only  his  fancy," 
"  being  Sleepy  ;  so  he  Writ  on  ;  by  and  by,  a  fine  white  Hand  interposed  " 
"  between  the  Writing  and  the  Candle  (he  could  discern  it  was  a  Woman's  " 
"  Hand),  but  vanish'd  as  before.  I  have  forgot,  it  appeared  a  third  Time." 
"  But  with  that  the  Clerk  threw  down  his  Pen,  and  would  engross  no  more, " 
"  but  goes  and  tells  his  Master  of  it,  and  absolutely  Refused  to  do  it.  But " 
"  it  was  done  by  somebody,  and  Sir  Walter  Long  was  prevailed  with  to  Seal " 
"  and  Sign  it.  He  lived  not  long  after  ;  and  his  body  did  not  go  quiet  to  the  " 
"  Grave,  it  being  Arrested  at  the  Church  Porch  by  the  Trustees  of  the  first  Lady. " 
"  The  Heir's  Relations  took  his  Part,  and  Commenced  a  suit  against  Sir  Walter  " 
"  (the  second  Son),  and  compel'd  him  to  accept  of  a  IMoiety  of  the  Estate  :  so  " 
"the  eldest  Son  kept  Soiith   Wraxhall ;   and   Sir   Walter,  the  second    Son," 


60  HISTORICAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  MANOR-HOUSE 

"  Draijcot-C ernes,  &c.     This  was  about  the  Middle  of  the  Reigu  oS.  James  the" 
"First."* 

John  Long,  Esq.  the  eldest  son,  who  was  thus  persecuted  by  his  step- 
mother, married  Anne,f  daughter  of  Sir  William  Eyre,  of  Great  Chalfield,  by 
whom  he  had  four  sons  and  one  daughter :  the  eldest, 

John  Long,  Esq.  inherited,  who  married  twice :  by  the  first  wife  he  had 
a  daughter  ;  and  by  the  second,  who  was  Catherine,  daughter  of  John  Paynter, 
he  had  a  son,  Hope,  and  three  daughters. 

Hope  Long,  Esq.  married,  first,  Mary,  daughter  of  John  Long,  Esq.  of 
Monkton,  by  whom  he  had  a  son,  John,  who  died  before  his  father,  and  one 
daughter ;  secondly,  Grace,  relict  of Blanchard,  Esq.  of  Preston,  Somer- 
setshire, by  whom  he  had  no  issue.  He  died  in  1715,  when  the  estate  passed 
to  his  uncle, 

Waltkr  Long,  Esq.  of  Bristol,  whose  son, 

Walter,  died  in  1731,  agt.  84,  unmarried,  and  bequeathed  his  estates  to  the 
sons  of  his  cousin,  Catherine,  wife  of  John  Long,  of  Monkton  ;  her  elder  son, 

John,  who  was  fellow  of  Corpus  Christi  College,  Oxford,  and  rector  of 
Meseyhampton,  in  Gloucestershire,  died  in  1748,  unmarried,  when  the  estate 
went  to  his  brother, 

Thomas  Long,  Esq.  of  Melksham,  who  had  married  Mary,  daughter  of 
Abbot,  Esq.  of  Chippenham.     Next  succeeded  his  son, 

WXlter  Long,  Esq.  of  Wraxhall  and  Whaddon  (well  known  as  Mr.  Walter 
Long,  of  Bath),  who  died,  unmarried,  in  1807,  £et.  95,  and  bequeathed  his 
estates  at  Wraxhall,  Whaddon,  &c.  to  trustees,  remainder  to 

Walter  Long,  Esq.  son  and  heir  of  Richard  Godolphin  Long,  Esq.  of 
Rood  Ashton,  who  is  the  present  proprietor,  and  who,  the  author  rejoices  to 
be  able  to  add,  intends  to  preserve  this  venerable  fabric  from  further  decay. 
Mr.  Long  is  maternally  descended  from  the  original  proprietors  of  South 
Wraxhall,  as  may  be  seen  by  a  reference  to  the  pedigree.  Appendix  No.  L     He 

•  Aubrey's  "  Miscellanies,"  pp.  75,  76.  8to.  Lond.  1721.  The  following  extract  more  fully  illustrates  the  disposition 
and  charecter  of  this  lady:  — "  Sir  Walter  Long's  (of  Dmycot  in  Wilts)   Widow  did  make  a  solemn  promise  to  him" 

"  on  his  Death-bed,  that  .she  would  not  mairy  after  his  Decease.      But  not  long  after,  one   Sir  Fox,  a  very" 

"  beautiful  young  Gentleman,  did  win  her  Love  ;  so  that,  notwithstanding  her  promise  aforesaid,  she  married  him  :  " 
"  She  married  at  South  Wraihall,  where  the  picture  of  Sir  Walter  hung  over  the  Parlour  Door,  as  it  doth  now  at " 

"  Draycot.     As  Sir Fox  led  his  Bride  by  the  Hand  from  the  Church  (which  is  near  the  House)  into  the  Parlour," 

"  the  string  of  the  Picture  broke,  and  the  Picture  fell  on  her  Shoulder,  and  crack'd  in  the  fall:  (it  was  Painted  on" 
Wood,  as  the  Fashion  was  in  those  Days ;)  this  made  her  Ladyship  reflect  ou  her  promise,  and  drew  some  Tears  from  " 
"  her  Eyes." — Ibid.  pp.  43,  4'1. 

t  See  p.  30. 


SOUTH  WRAXHALL,  WILTSHIRE.  61 

is  a  magistrate  and  deputy-lieutenant,  and  M.P.  for  the  Northern  Division  of 
the  County  of  Wilts.  He  married,  3d  August,  1819,  Mary  Anne,  second 
daughter  of  the  Right  Hon.  Archibald  Colquhoun,  of  Killermont,  in  the  county 
of  Dumbarton,  Lord  Registrar  of  Scotland,  and  has  issue  three  sons,  Walter, 
Richard  Penruddock,  and  Henry  William ;  and  three  daughters,  Mary  Anne, 
Catherine  Flora  Henrietta,  and  Jane  Agnes. 


DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  PLATES. 


Plate  I.     Perspective  View. 

This  is  a  Perspective  View,  from  the  south-west ;  on  the  right  is  the  Entrance- 
Gateway,  which  was,  at  one  time,  flanked  by  buildings;*  the  Hall  and  With- 
draxeing-Roovi  occupy  the  centre  and  front  the  west,  looking  into  the  Court ; 
on  the  left  is  a  long  line  of  offices  and  bed-rooms,  at  the  further  end  of  which  is 
a  good  example  of  a  corbelled  chimney-shaft.  The  wall  which  encloses  the 
court  is  shewn  broken  down,  so  as  not  to  intercept  the  view.  In  this  wall,  and 
exactly  opposite  the  porch  of  the  hall,  is  an  old  doorway,  which  formerly  led 
into  the  Plaisannce  ;  see 

Plate  H. — HI.     The  Ground-Plan. 

At  the  bottom  of  the  plate  is  the  Entrance-Gateway,  flanked  on  the  right  by 
a  room,  added  temp.  Elizabeth,  and  formerly  on  the  right  by  buildings  supposed 
to  have  been  stables.  This  Gateway  originally  extended  only  to  the  depth  of 
fourteen  feet,  as  will  be  shewn  hereafter ;  it  leads  into  the  Court ;  on  entering 
which,  to  the  right,  is  the  Porch  of  the  Hall ;  a  Screen,  in  the  style  of  James  I., 
divides  off  a  passage,  which  leads,  by  a  covered  way,  into  another  Court ;  under 

•  In  the  "  Gentleman s  Magazine"  for  March  18S8»  p.  2/>6,  a  woodcut  is  given,  shearing  these  buildings,  which 
seem  to  hare  been  stables,  but  of  later  date  than  the  gatehouse. 


62  DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  PLATES. 

this  covered  way  is  the  door  of  the  Kitchen  ;  to  the  east  of  which  another 
Kitchen  was  added  temp.  Ehzabeth  or  James  I.,  shewn  in  a  lighter  tint.  The 
Parlour  via,s  entered  from  the  passage-end  of  the  Hall ;  it  has  been  subdivided  by 
modern  partitions ;  a  staircase  leads  out  of  this  up  to  the  Host's  Chamher  (see 
Plates  IV.  and  V).  At  the  upper  end  of  the  Hall  are  two  Bays ;  that  to  the 
left  leads  into  what  was  the Bntteri/,  now  a  beer-cellar;  and  that  to  the  right  by 
a  Staircase  up  to  the  ancient  Guest  Chamber,  which  was  enlarged  and  con- 
verted into  a  withdrawing-room  :*  at  the  foot  of  the  staircase,  to  the  right,  is  a 
Dining-room.  \  A  long  line  oi  offices  occupies  the  upper  end  of  this  court,  wiiich 
has  been  added  to  at  various  dates.  The  oldest  portion  is  shewn  by  the  darkest 
tint ;  it  seems  coeval  with  the  hall,  and  originally  stood  detached :  a  kind  of 
conservator])  was  added  to  the  east,  and  a  communication  formed  with  the  other 
buildings,  as  the  quoin  still  visible  at  a,  and  a  window  and  door  at  h  b,  now 
stopped  up,  prove;  a  loop-hole  at  c,  and  old  quoins  at  dddd,  shew  that  the 
west  wall  was  originally  an  exterior  one.  Various  details  are  shewn,  referred 
by  letter  to  the  plan. 


Plate  IV. — V.     The  First-Floor  Plan. 

In  both  plans  the  dark  tint  shews  the  ancient  portions,  the  lighter  tint  the 
alterations  and  additions,  and  the  light  tint  within  dotted  lines  shews  the 
situation  of  the  original  walls,  which  were  taken  down.  The  principal  alteration 
from  the  original  design  was  effected  about  the  latter  part  of  the  reign  of 
Elizabeth,  or  the  beginning  of  that  of  James  I.,  by  removing  the  ancient  Guest 
Chamher,  marked  a  a  a  a,  and  substituting  a  larger  and  wider  room,  richly 
fitted  up  as  a  Withdraxving-Room,  which  is  shewn  in  Plate  XVII. ;  but  the  old 
roof,  given  in  Plate  XVI.,  was  retained,  and  for  the  support  of  the  wall-plate,  a 
pier  was  left  opposite  the  fireplace,  thereby  occasioning  a  curious  angular 
projection  inside  the  room,  ornamented  by  niches,  which  seem  to  have  served  as 
seats.  There  are  two  immense  windows  at  opposite  corners  of  this  room,  one 
looking  over  the  court  into  the  plaisaunce,  the  other  into  the  garden  ;  whicli 
latter  is  approached  by  a  door  on  the  landing  of  the  stairs,  from  the  hall.  The 
details  are  referred  by  letter. 

•  Aubrey  calls  this  "  The  dining-room,  which  is  a  very  noble  one  ;"  but  the  groat  distance  of  ihe  kitchen  from  this 
room,  induces  the  author  to  think  that  it  was  originally  intended  as  a  drawing-room. 

■\  This  Aubrey  calls  the  Parlour;  but  in  otlier  buildings  of  the  same  kind  the  parlour  is  invariably  on  the  right,  as 
shewn  on  the  plate,  near  the  kitchen,  &c. 


MANOR-HOUSE,  SOUTH  WRAXHALL,  WILTSHIRE.  63 


The  Entrance  Gateway. 

Plate  VI.  Plan  and  Elevation.  This  seems  to  have  been  built  in  the 
early  part  of  the  I'eign  of  Henry  VIII.,  subsequent  to  the  acquisition  of  the 
Manor  of  Draycot  Cerne  by  Sir  Thomas  Long,  as  the  badge  borne  by  the 
possessors  of  that  Manor,  the  Marshal's  lock  or  Fetter-lock,  is  still  remaining 
on  one  of  the  terminations  of  the  label — viz.  that  to  the  left ;  on  the  other  was 
a  stags  head,  as  we  are  told  by  Aubrey,  and  not  as  shewn  in  the  Plate.  On  the 
corbelling  of  the  oriel  window  is  a  shield,  bearing  the  arms  of  Long.  The 
angle  buttresses  are  peculiar,  and  very  pleasing  in  effect.  On  entering  the 
archway,  to  the  right  is  a  Staircase  leading  up  to  the  room  above ;  further  on 
is  a  doorway,  which  formerly  was  a  foot  entrance  into  the  court,  corresponding 
with  the  one  on  the  left,  which  entered  from  the  road.  This  gateway  has  been 
added  to,  as  the  original  roof  extends  only  to  the  length  of  fourteen  feet,  while 
it  now  measures  upwards  of  thirty  feet ;  on  the  apex  of  the  gable  has  been  a 
finial. 

Plate  VII.  Longitudinal  Section  and  First-Floor  Plan.  The  original  roof 
is  here  shewn :  on  the  plan,  the  darker  tint  shews  the  extent  of  the  old  walls, 
enclosing  the  Porter's  DxvelUng. 

Plate  VIII.  Elevation  and  Section  of  the  Oriel  Windozv.  Above  the  battle- 
ments has  originally  been  a  roofing  of  water-tables,  finished,  probably,  by 
some  ornament  or  armorial  bearing,  as  at  Chalfield  and  other  places ;  it  is,  at 
present,  quite  flat,  as  the  dark  tint  shews.  This  window  is  provided  with  a 
stone  seat  and  elbows,  and  was  originally  full  of  painted  glass.  The  details  are 
shewn  in 

Plate  IX.  On  the  left  are  Plans  at  three  different  heights ;  in  the  centre 
of  the  Plate  is  the  shield  at  large,  bearing  a  lion  rampant  on  a  field  seme  of 
cross  crosslets,  the  original  arms  of  Long ;  also  the  angle-jambs  and  mulUons, 
and  the  termination  of  the  label  over  the  archway,  on  which  is  carved  the 
marshaVs-lock ;  to  the  right  is  a  section  of  the  cornice,  the  corbel-mouldings, 
and  the  arch-mouldings  below,  together  with  an  exterior  and  interior  elevation 
of  one  of  the  lights,  and  a  section  of  the  basement  moulding :  all  at  large. 


64  DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  PLATES. 


The  Banqueting  Hall,  &c. 


Plate  X.  shews  the  elevation  of  the  Hall  to  the'  right,  and  that  of  the 
Drazt'ing-Room  to  the  left.  The  Hall,  in  its  masses,  resembles  that  at  Great 
Chalfield,  and  is  entered,  mider  an  open  archway,  by  a  Porch;  on  the  other 
side  is  a  Bay,  and  the  Chimney-Shaft  occupies  precisely  the  same  situation  as 
at  Chalfield ;  it  has  been  rebuilt,  so  that  the  capping  is  not  original.  The 
Drawing-room  window  is  remarkable  for  its  immense  size ;  it  was  added  about 
the  time  of  James  I.  The  mouldings  are  given  in  Plate  IV. — V. ;  it  extended 
only  as  far  as  the  quoin  shewn  to  the  left  of  this  window.  At  the  bottom  of 
the  Plate  are  two  of  the  Gap-mouths  referred  by  numbers  ;  the  others  are  shewn 
in  Plate  XVI.  On  the  left  is  a  Chimney -Shaft,  belonging  to  the  old  portion  of 
the  offices,  which  is  seen  in  the  Perspective  View,  Plate  I. :  it  is  supported  on 
a  buttress  and  corbels. 

Plate  XI.  shews  the  Porch  to  a  larger  scale,  and  a  section  through  the 
same  ;  in  the  quatrefoil  of  the  window  is  the  only  portion  of  painted  glass  now 
left.  The  rafters  of  this  roof  are  cut  in  one  piece,  like  ship  timbers.  The 
Water-Tables  of  the  Buttresses,  the  Label,  and  the  Jamb-Mouldings,  are  given 
at  large. 

Plate  XII.  gives  the  Exterior  and  Interior  Elevations  of  the  Windoto  of  the 
Bay,  shewn  in  Plate  X.,  with  a  section  and  details  of  the  same.  The  MuUions 
are  plain  in  their  mouldings,  but  this  window  is  very  neatly  finished  inside,  by  a 
column  supporting  a  four-centred  arch. 

Plate  XIII.  gives  an  Elevation  of  one  of  the  Windows  of  the  Hall,  interior 
and  exterior,  with  a  Section ;  these,  like  those  of  the  bays,  are  finished  inside  by 
a  column,  supporting  a  four-centred  arch,  while,  on  the  outside,  their  arches  are 
two-centred.  They  are  extremely  elegant,  and,  though  plain  in  their  mould- 
ings, are  chaste  and  pleasing  in  effect,  and,  by  being  ornamented  with  tracery, 
make  us  regret  the  absence  of  it  at  Great  Chalfield.  The  Jamb  and  Mtillions, 
the  Label  vih.\c\\  is  peculiar  in  not  having  a  bead,  but  coming  out  from  the 
flush  of  the  wall  by  a  cavetto  ;  the  Interior  Arch- Mould,  the  Capital,  and  Base 
of  the  Colimn,  are  given  at  large. 


MANOR-HOUSE,  SOUTH  WRAXHALL,  WILTSHIRE.  65 

Plate  XIV.  Longitudinal  and  Transverse  Sections  of  the  Hall,  and  sections 
of  the  Bays.  The  elegant  open  roof  is  shewn,  which  is  ornamented  by  quatre- 
foils  between  the  principal  rafters ;  and  the  arched  beams  are  supported  by 
brackets,  on  which  are  shields,  with  the  armorial  bearings  relating  to  the  family 
of  Long  :  one  of  these  brackets  was  destroyed  by  increasing  the  thickness  of  the 
end  wall  to  the  right,  in  order  to  carry  up  the  flue  of  the  Drawing-room.  The 
Chimney-piece,  which  bears  the  date  An.  Dni.  1598,  is  interesting  as  a  specimen 
of  Elizabethan  detail.  The  Arins  on  the  Shield  are  those  of  Long,  impaling  a 
pelican  feeding  her  young,  for  Came,  which  shews  the  marriage  of  Sir  Robert 
Long  with  Barbara,  daughter  of  Sir  Edward  Carne,  the  parents  of  Sir  Walter 
Long,  by  whom  this  was  put  up. 

Plate  XV.  gives  a  Transverse  Section  of  the  Roof  to  a  larger  scale,  with 
details  of  its  timbers,  and  the  brackets  supporting  the  arched  beams  of  the  roof, 
together  with  the  shields  at  large.  No.  1  bears  the  Mar  shall s-lock,  a  cog- 
nizance adopted  by  the  Longs,  as  mentioned  above.  No.  2  bears  the  arms  of 
Popliam,  which  are,  on  a  chief,  two  stags'  heads  caboshed,  charged  with  a 
crescent.  No.  3,  which  is  shewn  on  the  bracket  to  the  right,  bears  Long 
impaling  Popham.  No.  4.  Ten  billets,  1,  3,  3,  and  3,  for  Cowdray.  No.  5.  Long. 
No.  6.  On  a  chevron,  three  torteaux  between  ten  crosslets,  for  Berkeley. 
No.  7.  Long  impaling  Berkeley.  No.  8.  Two  wings  for  Seymour.  These 
shields,  and  the  mouldings  on  which  they  are  placed,  are  carved  in  stone  ;  no 
vestige  of  the  emblazoning  is  left,  but,  by  reference  to  Appendix,  No.  IV.,  it  can 
be  supplied :  the  upper  part  of  the  bracket  is  of  oak.  They  seem  of  later 
date  than  the  roof,  and  were  probably  put  up  by  Sir  Thomas  Long,  who  built 
the  Gatehouse. 

Plate  XVI.  At  the  top  of  this  Plate,  to  the  right,  is  shewn  a  transverse 
section  of  the  original  roof  of  the  Guest  Chamber,  still  existing  over  the 
Drawing-room  ceiling ;  and  to  the  left,  two  compartments  of  the  same  longi- 
tudinally. Half  of  one  compartment  of  the  Hall-roof  is  shewn  in  plan  to  a 
larger  scale,  and  the  other  Gap-mouths  referred  to  Plate  X.  by  numbers. 

Plate  XVII.     The  Drawing-Room. 

This  is  a  Perspective  View  of  the  Draxoing-Room  from  the  door,  as  you  enter, 
from  off  the  landing  of  the  staircase.     It  is  in  the  style  of  the  reign  of  James  I. 

K 


66  DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  PLATES. 

The  Fireplace  on  the  left  is  much  purer  in  its  enrichments  than  is  usually  met 
with  in  this  style.  A  male  and  a  female  figure,  with  Ionic  caps,  on  each  side, 
support  a  rich  cornice,  which  is  surmounted  by  a  stylobate,  whereon  are  placed 
columns  and  entablature  of  the  Corinthian  order  :  between  the  columns,  which 
are  also  enriched,  are  figures  of  Prudence,  AritJimetic,  Geometry,  and  Justice. 
On  the  pedestal  supporting  Arithmetica,  is  the  following  inscription  : — 

Par  impar  numeris  vestigo  rite  subactis, 
Me  pete,  concinne,  si  numerare  cupis ; 

and,  on  that  supporting  Geometria, — 

Mensuras  rerum  spatiis  dimetiora  equis 
Quid  coelo  distet  Terra,  locusque  loco. 

Prvdentia  and  Jvstisia  have  no  motto.  In  the  centre  is  a  figure  of  Pan. 
Opposite  the  fireplace  is  an  angular  projection,  ornamented  with  niches,  which 
seem  to  have  served  as  seats.  The  ceiling  is  coved  up  to  the  form  of  the  old 
roof  shewn  in  Plate  XVI.,  and  is  richly  ribbed  in  plaster. 


HISTORICAL  ACCOUNT 


OF  THE 


Cijurc!)  of  ^t.  5^eter>  at  3Sttitieston> 

WILTSHIRE. 


The  churches  of  St.  Peter  and  St.  Nicholas,  at  Biddeston,  remarkable  for  their 
peculiar  but  picturesque  bell-turrets,  seem  to  be  of  great  antiquity ;  and,  as  the 
presentations  always  mention  the  church  of  St.  Peter  before  the  vicarage  of 
St.  Nicholas,  we  may  with  safety  presume  that  there  must  have  been  a  building 
long  anterior  to  the  one  which  forms  the  subject  of  the  five  following  Plates. 

The  great  charm  of  these  bell-turrets  being  almost  lost  when  drawn  geome- 
trically, the  author  has  been  induced  to  insert  perspective  sketches  of  both. 


ST.  PETER  S. 


ST.  NICHOLAS  S. 


68  HISTORICAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  CHURCH  OF  ST.  PETER, 

It  will  be  seen  that  that  of  St.  Nicholas  is,  in  point  of  style,  much  older 
than  that  of  St.  Peter's,  which  latter  comes  under  the  denomination  of  Perpendi- 
cular English  ;  while  tlie  former,  from  the  string-course  under  the  spire,  down- 
wards, is  decidedly  Norman.  The  one  seems  to  have  been  copied  from  the 
other;  and,  most  probably,  the  original  design  was  executed  in  the  old  church  of 
St.  Peter's,  which  must  have  been  pulled  down,  and  has  thus  been  perpetuated. 
Whether  this  was  the  primitive  form  of  the  bell-turret  in  Saxon  times,  would  be 
a  curious  inquiry,  and  not  without  interest.  In  PI.  XXXII.  of  the  "  Benedic- 
tionale  of  St.  iEthelwold,"  engraved  in  Vol.  XXIV.  of  the  "  Archgeologia,"  is  the 
representation  of  a  bell-turret,  containing  several  bells  ;  and  the  form  of  the 
open  part,  in  which  the  bells  are  hung,  is  by  no  means  unlike  these ;  and  at 
Binsey,  near  Oxford,  is  a  similar  one,  "  part  of  which,"  Ingram  says,  "  may  be 
older  than  the  Norman  conquest."  There  are  two  other  churches  in  the  imme- 
diate neighbourhood  of  Biddeston  which  have  bell-turrets  built  upon  the  same 
plan  ;  viz.  Corston,  and  Leigh-de-la-Mere.  There  is  also  one  at  Acton-turville, 
on  the  borders  of  Gloucestershire,  between  Badminton  and  Corsham,  and  one 
at  Boxwell,  in  the  same  county. 

The  attention  of  the  author  was  called  to  these  churches  by  C.  W.  Los- 
combe,  Esq.,  an  ingenious  antiquary,  who  considers  that  they  were  of  Saxon 
origin  :  he  says,  — 

"  Finding  churches,  with  these  peculiar  characteristics,  so  widely  scattered  " 
"  over  the  country,  all  of  them  exhibiting  ornaments  of  the  earliest  period," 
"  and  differing  so  much  in  general  from  those  we  know  to  be  Norman  build-" 
"  ings,  the  inference  I  draw  is,  that  they  must  be  referred  to  the  fashion  of  a  " 
"  time,  and  not  of  a  locality,  and  that  that  time  must  be  the  Saxon." 

The  church  of  St.  Peter  must  have  been  at  one  time  much  larger,  and  what 
remains  of  the  portions  destroyed  bears  date  much  eai'lier  than  the  present  nave. 
Opposite  to  the  door  leading  from  the  porch  into  the  nave  is  another  door, 
with  an  early  English  arch  and  ornament ;  and  in  the  north  wall  is  a  piscina, 
shewn  in  Plate  IV.,  of  the  same  date :  this,  probably,  was  in  a  chantry  chapel, 
belonging  to  some  ancient  owner  of  the  manor-house,  within  the  precincts  of 
which  the  church  stands.  The  arch  is  still  left  which  led  to  it,  but  has  been 
built  up  with  a  window  inserted,  the  arch  being  still  visible,  as  shewn  in 
Plate  V. :  there  is  another  archway  in  the  east  wall,  now  filled  up,  which  led 
into  the  chancel. 

The  patronage  seems  to  have  been  vested  in  the  prior  of  Monkton  Farley, 
as  the  early  presentations  shew,  and  in  "  Computus  Prioratus  de  Farlegh,  temp. 


AT  BIDDESTON,  WILTSHIRE. 


69 


JoH.  Stone  Prioris,  A°.  17  Regis"  (Henry  VIII.),  under  "  Firmae  Decimarum," 
is  the  following  :  — 

"  Byddiston  — X™' 6     0     0" 

"  Byddiston  —  Pens'  eccl'    0     2     0  " 

and  in  the  "  Valor  Ecclesiasticus,"   26   Henry  VIII.,   under   "  Prioratus   de 
Farlegh  "  — 

"  LoDOwico  nunc  Priore  ifem  val',  viz'  in  Spiial'  in  Com'  Wiltes'  " 

"  Annu'  Pore'  Decimar'  recept'  in  dites  Vill'  subsequen'  " 

"  In  Bydston  cu'  Harth"  m 6     0     0  " 

and  under  "  Procur'  solut' " 

"  Archidec'  Wiltes'  Pro  ecclia  de  Slauglitonford,  5s.  9Jc?.     Et  Bideston,  5s.  9ld." 
'«  Ob.  Us.  7d."* 

It  seems  afterwards  to  have  devolved  on  the  lord  of  the  manor,  when  the 
vicarage  of  St.  Nicholas  and  the  chapel  of  Slaughterford  were  annexed  to  it.  It 
is  now  in  the  patronage  of  Winchester  College,  and  is  a  discharged  rectory, 
composed  of  the  two  rectories  of  St.  Nicholas  and  St.  Peter,  in  the  archdeaconry 
of  Wilts  and  diocess  of  Sarum,  valued  in  K.  B.  21. 13s.  4fZ.,  ann.  val.  P.  R.  140/. 


PRESENTATIONS.t 


ECCLESIA,    VlCARlA,    VEL 

Pathonus, 

CSPELLA. 

1323 

Capell.  Budeston  S"  Petri 

Prior  de  Farlegh 

1331 

Capel.  St.  Petri  de  Budes- 
ton 

Prior  de  Farlegh 

1347 

Cap.  Budesdon  St.  Petri 

Rex 

1354 

E.  Budestone  St.  Pet. 

Rex 

1361 

E.  Budesden  St.  Petri 

Prior  de  Farle 

1391 

E.  Biddeston  S.  Petri 

Prior  de  S'  Magdalena  de 
Farley 

1417 

E.  Budeston 

Prior  de  Farlegh 

1419 

E.  Biddeston 

Prior  de  Farlegh 

1421 

E.  Byddyston 

Prior  de  Farlegh 

E.  Litilton  Drew 

Episcopus 

1421 

E.  Byddiston 

Prior  de  Farlegh 

Clericus. 

Rogerus  de  Sutton 
Robertus    Lovel    de    Mel- 

kesham 
Johannes  Godele,  p.  r. 

Roberti  Lovel 
Symon  Cosyn 
Johannes  de  Shireburn, /».»-. 

Simonis  Cosyn 
W'"",  Gardiner,  p.  m. 

Sewaldi u.  R. 

Rogerus  Priotscote,  j9.  m. 

W""  Bryd 
Ricardus  Julian,  vice 

Ilogeri  Prescote 
Ricardus  Julian,  permut. 

cum  Johanne  Whelere 
Johannes  Leyne,  vice 

Johannis  Whelere 


*  Dugdale's  Monaiticon,  Vol.  V.  p.  31. 


t  Sir  Tliomas  Phillipps's  Institutions  in  li'itls. 


70       HISTORICAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  CHURCH  OF  ST.  PETER,  AT  BIDDESTON,  WILTSHIRE. 


ECCLESIA,    ViCAKIi,    VEL 

Capella. 

1434 

E.  Buddeston 

1442 

E.  Byddeston  St.  Petri 

1453 

E.  Bitteston 

1457 

E.  Byttesdon 

1468 

E.  Bydston 

1468 

E.  Bydston 

1475 

E.  Bidston 

1478 

E.  Budeston  St.  Petri 

1486 

E.  Bidston 

1490 

E.  Byddeston 

1510 

E.  Bidston  St.  Petri 

1510 

E.  Byddiston  St.  Petri 

1511 

E.  Bydeston  St.  Petri 

1520 

E.  Budeston  S.  Petri 

1592 

E.  Budston  S.  Petri 

1605 

E.  Bidsdon  St.  Petri 

1620 

E.  Buddeston  St.  Petr. 

1663 

E.  Biddeston  S.  Petr. 

1719 


1741 


1766 


1807 


E.  Biddeston  S.  Petri  cum 
V.  Biddeston  S.  Nich.  cum 
Capella  de  Slaughtenford 

E.  Biddeston  S'  Petri 
V.  Biddeston  S'  Nicholas 
xcitli  theCkapel  of  Slaugh- 
tcrford 

E.  Biddestone  S'  Peter,  with 
V.  Biddeston  S' Nicholas 
and  the  Chapel  q/Slaugh- 
torford 

E.  Buddeston  St.  Peter,  cum 
Buddeston  St.  Nicholas 
&  Slattenford 


Patronus. 


Prior  de  Farley 
Prior  de  Farlegh 
Episcopus,  2>er  laps. 
Prior  de  Farlegh 


Prior  de  Farlegh 


Prior  de  Maydenbradley 

Episcopus,  per  laps. 
Prior  de  Farleygh 

Prior  de  Farley 

Prior  de  Farley 

Prior  de  Farley 

Prior  de  Farleigh 

Abbatissa  de  Shaston 

Henricus  Long,  Miles,  el 
Johannes  Lacy,  per  con- 
cess.  Prioris  de  Farlegh 

Regina 

Rex 

Rex 

Thomas  Mountjoy,G'c«eros. 

Willielmus  Mountjoy,  Gen. 


William  Mountjoy,  of  Bid- 
deston, Gent. 


W"   Mountjoy,  of   Bidde- 
ston 


Winchester  College. 


Cleuicus. 

Johannes  Perus 
Johannes  Eston 
Thomas  Webbe 
Henricus  Harlyng,  p.  r, 

Thomffi  Webbe 
Johannes  Mower,  p.  r. 

Ricardi  Harlyng 
W"""  Briggis,  p.  r. 

Johannis  Mower 
Simon  Elvyngton 
Henricus  Palmer,  p.  r. 

Simonis  Elvyngton 
Christopher  Notte,  j9.  m. 

Henrici  Palmer 
Johannes  Huchenson,  p.  r. 

Christopheri  Notte 
Henricus  Goldney,  p.  m. 

Henrici  Barecrofte 
Johannes  West,  ju.  r. 

Henrici  Goldney 
Thomas  Poterey,  p.  m. 

Radulfi  Bery 
Lodowick  Bricknock, 

Prior  de  Farlegh,  p.  r. 

Radulfi  Eyre 
Ricardus  Rydler 
W°"'  Fawne 
Elias  Tise,  ^.  m.  U.  R. 
Johannes  Ferris,  p.  m. 

Eliaj  Tyse 
Thomas  Keate,  p.  m. 

Thomse  Tattersall 

Thomas  Needham,/).  w. 
Thomas  Keate 


Charles  Page,  p.  m. 
Cornelius  Norwood 


Charles  Daubeny,  p.  m. 
Charles  Page. 


DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  PLATES. 


ST.  PETER'S,    AT  BIDDESTON,   WILTSHIRE. 

Plate  I.  shews  the  South  Elevation  and  the  Ground-Plan :  at  the  north-east 
corner  is  an  arch  filled  up  with  a  window  inserted,  which  formerly  led  into  a 
Chantry  Chapel,  as  the  Piscina  still  left  in  the  north  wall  shews ;  another  arch 
in  the  east  wall  led  into  the  Chancel,  now  pulled  down ;  the  Porch  is  a  good 
example,  it  is  simple,  but  has  some  good  mouldings;  i\iQ Bell-Turret  is  curious, 
and  is  shewn  in  the  followins;  Plate. 


'O 


Plate  II.  gives  the  Bell-Turret,  with  Plans,  at  three  different  heights, 
referred  to  the  Elevation  by  letter,  which,  with  the  Section  from  west  to  east, 
occupies  the  centre  of  the  plate ;  the  corbel-mouldings  and  battlements  are  shewn 
to  a  larger  scale ;  the  turret  is  nearly  equipoised  on  the  wall. 

Plate  III.  gives  a  Plan,  Section,  Front  and  Side  Elevations,  and  Details  of 
the  Porch,  which  sufficiently  explain  themselves. 

Plate  IV.  No.  1  is  the  Door  leading  from  the  Porch  into  the  Body  of  the 
Church,  which  has  a  small  Piscijia  on  the  right,  with  a  Plan  of  the  Jamb- 
Mouldings  and  Piscitia,  and  a  section  of  the  Label  at  large.  No.  2  is  a  Window 
of  the  Porch  at  large,  with  its  Jat7tb  and  Mullion  underneath.  No.  3.  Plan, 
Section,  and  Elevation  of  the  Piscina  in  the  north  wall  of  the  church,  which 
formerly  belonged  to  a  chantry  chapel  attached.  It  is  of  much  earlier  character 
than  any  other  part  of  the  church,  except  an  arched  door  in  the  north  wall, 
opposite  the  door  shewn  in  this  Plate,  which  is  also  Early  English ;  to  the  right 
are  the  Water-  Tables  of  the  Buttress  in  the  South  Elevation. 

Plate  V.  No.  1.  The  Windoxv  in  the  South  Elevation,  with  plan  of  its 
Jamb  and  Mullion,  and  section  of  its  Label  at  large :  this  label,  like  those  at 
South  Wraxhall,  has  no  bead,  but  comes  out  from  the  flush  of  the  wall  by  a 
cavetto.  No.  2.  The  Windozo,  which  was  inserted  in  the  archway  leading  into 
the  chantry  chapel,  half  shews  the  Exterior  and  half  the  Interior  Elevation :  on 
the  right  a  Section  of  it  is  given,  and  its  label  at  large. 


APPENDIX  I. 


No.  1.     Letters  Patent  of  King  Edward  III.,  conjirmatory  of  the  Gft  of  Bishop 
Ralph,  of  Shrewsbury,  to  the  Vicars-Choral  of  Wells. 

^foaril,  by  the  Grace  of  God,  King  of  England  and  of  Ffrance,  and  Lord  of  Ireland, 
To  all  to  whom  these  present  Letters  shall  come,  Greeting,  because  We  have  received  by  an 
Inquisition  which  Wee  caused  to  be  made  by  our  beloved  Thomas  Carey  our  Escheator  in 
the  County  of  Somersett  That  it  is  not  our  hurt  or  prejudice,  or  of  others  if  Wee  Grant 
to  the  Reverend  Ffather  Ralph  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells,  That  he  may  give  and  Assign 
to  the  Vicars  of  the  Church  aforesaid  (not  having  a  common  Habitation),  a  certain  place 
of  the  Soil  of  the  Church  of  S'  Andrew  in  Wells,  and  of  the  Bishop  in  the  same  Place, 
which  was  lately  collated  by  the  Bishop  of  the  same  Place  upon  Mr.  Alane  of  Hotham 
Canon  of  that  Church,  for  his  Habitation,  and  the  Houses  in  the  same  Place  by  the  said 
Ralph  now  built  and  to  be  built.  To  have  and  to  Hold  to  them,  and  their  Successors 
Vicars  of  the  Church  aforesaid  for  their  Common  and  perpetual  Cohabitation,  and  that 
the  said  Bishop  may  Charge  his  Lands  and  Tenements  in  Congresbury  parcell  of  his 
Bishoprick  aforesaid  with  an  Hundred  Shillings  Annuity,  and  certain  other  Lands  and 
Tenements  with  the  Appurtenances  in  Wookey  which  William  of  Camell,  and  John  his 
Brother  held  for  term  of  the  Life  of  either  of  them  the  said  William  and  John  of  the 
said  Bishop  and  which  after  the  Death  of  them  the  said  William  and  John  ou^ht  to 
remain  to  the  said  Bishop  and  his  Successors  with  another  Hundred  Shillings  Annuity, 
and  that  he  may  give  and  Assign  the  same  Tenn  Pounds  Annuity  to  the  said  Vicars 
celebrating  and  which  shall  celebrate  Divine  Service  in  the  said  Church  in  Augmentation 
of  their  Sustenance  to  be  perceived,  and  had  Yearly  out  of  the  said  Lands  and  Tenements 
to  the  same  Vicars  and  their  Successors  for  ever.  Wee  commending  the  godly  and 
wholesome  Purpose  of  the  said  Bishop  in  this  behalfe  which  so  much  respecteth  the 
Praise  of  God's  name,  the  Comlinesse  of  the  said  Church  (which  is  of  the  foundation  of 
our  Progenitors,  and  of  our  Patronage)  the  increase  of  Divine  Worship,  and  the  security 
honesty  and  Quietness  of  the  Colledge  of  the  said  Vicars,  And  considering  allso  that 
the  said  Lands  and  Tenem'\  in  Congresbury  to  be  charged  with  an  Hundred  Shillings 
annuity  as  afore  is  said,  are  come  to  the  Hands  of  the  said  now  Bishop  by  the  Death  of  S' 
John  Randolffe  Knight  &  Joan  his  Wife  Tennants  thereof  from  the  said  Bishop  by  the 
service  of  a  certain  Yearly  Rent.  And  that  the  said  Ralph  now  Bishop  hath  purchased, 
by  himselfe  and  to  his  Successors  the  said  Lands  and  Tenements  in  Wookey  which  are  to 
be  charged  with  another  Hundred  Shillings  Annuity  (our  License  for  that  purpose  first 

L 


74  APPENDIX. 

obtained)  and  willing  to  deale  favourably  with  the  said  Bishop  in  Regard  of  the  pmlsses, 
for  Twenty  Pounds  which  tlie  said  Bishop  hath  jiaid  unto  Us,  have  granted  and  given 
License  to  the  same  Bishop  for  Us  and  our  Heirs  (as  much  as  in  Us  is)  that  he  may  give 
and  Assign  to  the  same  Vicars  the  place  aforesaid  with  their  Appurtenances  together  with 
the  Houses  so  by  him  thereupon  built,  and  to  be  built;  To  have  and  to  hold  to  them  and  their 
Successors  Vicars  of  the  same  Church  for  their  Habitation,  And  that  the  sam  Bishop 
may  Charge  his  said  Lands  and  Tenements  in  Congresbury  and  Wookey  aforesaid  with 
the  said  Tenn  Pounds  Annuity,  and  likewise  give  and  Assigne  the  said  Tenn  Pounds 
Annuity  to  the  said  Vicars.  To  be  perceived  and  had  yearely  out  of  the  said  lands  and 
Tenements  to  them  and  their  Successors  aforesaid  in  Augmentation  of  the  Sustenance  of 
the  said  Vicars  and  of  Divine  Service  as  afore  is  said,  And  as  the  said  Bishop  as  well  of 
the  Houses  for  such  Habitation  for  the  said  Vicars,  as  of  the  said  Tenn  Pounds  between 
the  said  Vicars  to  be  distributed  shall  thinke  fitt  to  be  Ordained  for  ever.  And  Wee  doe 
likewise  by  virtue  of  these  presents,  give  speciall  License  to  the  said  Vicars  that  they 
may  receive  from  the  said  Bishop  and  hold  to  them,  and  their  successors  as  aforesaid  ;  as 
before  is  said  the  said  Place  with  the  Appurtenances  together  with  the  Houses,  and  Tenn 
Pounds  Annuity  out  of  the  Lands  and  Tenements  aforesaid.  The  Statute  of  Mortmain 
in  any  wise  notwithstanding.  And  wee  will  not  that  the  said  Bishop  or  his  Successors 
or  the  said  Vicars  or  their  Successors  by  reason  of  the  pinisses  or  Statute  aforesaid  should 
be  sued  or  molested,  or  in  any  sort  grieved  by  Us,  or  Our  Heirs,  our  Justices,  Escheators, 
Sherriffs,  or  other  our  Bayliffs,  or  Ministers  whatsoever.  Saving  notwithstanding  to 
us  and  our  Heirs,  and  to  other  chief  Lords  of  the  flFee  thereof  the  services  (that  may 
bee  due)  of  the  place.  Lands,  and  Tenements  aforesaid.  In  SElitntSS  Whereof  Wee  have 
caused  these  our  Letters  to  be  made  Patent. 

SSlt'tursS    our   Selfe    att   Sandwich    the    Third    Day    of   Decemlier    in    the   Two    and 
Twentieth  Year  of  our  Reign  of  England  and  Ninth  Year  of  our  Reign  of  Ffrance. 

Cfic  IDupIicntr  Cunfirmacon  of  the  Chapter  of  Bath  and  Wells  of  the  Houses  of  the  Vicars 
of  Wells,  and  of  Tenn  Pounds  Rent  due  to  them  granted  by  the  Lord  Ralph  Bishop 
of  Bath  and  Wells. 

■Sro  all  nnlj  ^t'ngitlnr  to  whose  notice  these  present  Letters  shall  come  Ralph 
by  God's  Providence  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells  Greeting  in  our  Lord  God  everlasting. 
Know  Yee  that  Wee  with  the  unanimous  consent  of  the  Prior  and  Chapter  of  our  Church 
of  Bath,  and  Dean  and  Chapter  of  our  Church  of  Wells  (solemn  discourse  before  had 
which  in  this  behalfe  is  required,  and  other  things  concurring,  which  of  Right  are  re- 
quisite) have  Given  Ordained  and  Assigned  for  Us  and  our  Successors  the  Speciall 
Licence  of  the  most  Excellent  Prince  and  our  Illustrious  Lord  ©bfoart)  by  the  Grace  of 
God  King  of  England  and  of  Ffrance  for  that  purpose  had  all  that  place  of  the  Soil 
of  St.  Andrew  in  Wells,  which  Mr.  Alane  of  Hotham  Canon  of  the  same  Church  did 
obtain  for  his  Habitation  of  the  Collation  of  John  of  good  memory  late  Bishop  of  Bath 
and  Wells  our  immediate  Predecessor  together  with  the  Houses  in  the  same  Place,  now 


APPENDIX.  75 

of  new  by  Us  built  and  to  be  built,  to  those  of  the  Vicars  of  our  Church  aforesaid  for  the 
time  being,  under  this  manner  and  form  that  is  to  say,  That  Wee  and  our  Successors 
Bishops  of  Bath  and  Wells  may  be  holden  to  conferr  the  Chambers  with  th'  appurtenances 
in  the  said  Place  built  and  to  be  built  to  every  Vicar  of  the  same  Church,  that  is  to  say 
every  Chamber  with  his  Appurtenances  to  be  had  and  Enjoyed  so  long  as  they  shall  be 
Vicars  of  the  same  Church,  and  make  their  personall  abode  in  the  same,  Soe  that  it  shall 
be  we  and  our  Successors  to  conferr  and  assign  the  said  Chambers  when  they  shall  bee  void 
to  such  Vicars  of  the  said  Church  as  shall  please  us,  att  the  free  will  of  Us  and  our 
Successors,  And  wee  doe  further  ordain  that  the  Vicars  of  our  Church  aforesaid  when  they 
shall  have  gotten  Habitations  by  the  Collation  of  us  or  our  Successors,  if  they  shall  leave 
the  said  Chambers,  and  not  dwell  in  them  by  the  space  of  six  months  (without  a  reasonable 
cause  by  Us  or  our  Successors  to  be  allowed)  shall  be  ipso  facto  deprived  from  the  said 
Chambers  so  that  without  a  new  collation  it  shall  not  be  lawfull  for  them  to  returue  to 
the  same  Chambers.  Moreover  Wee  doe  ordain  that  the  Vicars  of  the  said  Church 
inhabiting  the  said  Chambers  as  aforesaid,  living  together  att  meat  and  drinke  att  the 
Common  Costs  and  Expenses,  may  have  to  their  Common  Use  the  Hall,  Kitching,  Bake- 
house, and  all  other  Houses  in  the  said  Place  built  and  to  be  built.  And  that  Wee  the 
better  Excite  the  said  Vicars  so  to  live  together  in  Common  att  Meat  and  Driuke,  att  the 
Common  Costs  and  Charges,  Wee  doe  grant  for  us  and  our  Successors  to  the  Vicars  of 
the  said  Church  for  the  time  being  (the  speciall  Licence  of  our  said  Sovereigne  Lord  the 
King  for  that  purpose  first  being  had)  Tenn  Pounds  Sterling  Money  of  yearly  Rent,  that 
is  to  say,  an  Hundred  Shillings,  to  be  perceived  out  of  all  the  Lands,  and  Tenements  which 
John  Randolfe,  and  Joan  his  Wife  whilst  they  lived  held  in  the  Mannor  of  Congresbury. 
And  other  Hundred  Shillings  out  of  all  the  Lands,  and  Tenements  which  William  Cammell 
and  John  his  Brother  hold  of  Us,  and  our  Successors  in  our  Mannor  of  Wookey  for  Term 
of  either  of  their  Lives,  to  be  perceived  yearly  on  the  Ffeast  of  St.  Michael),  To  have  and 
to  hold  to  the  same  Vicars,  and  to  their  Successors,  Vicars  Inhabiting  the  same  Chambers, 
and  livina;  together  in  Common  as  afore  is  said  to  whose  hands  soever  the  said  Lands  and 
Tenements  shall  come  for  ever.  And  if  it  shall  happen  the  Payment  of  the  said  Rent  to  be 
deferred  in  Part  or  in  the  whole  after  the  said  Term  (which  God  forbid)  that  then  and 
from  thenceforth  it  shall  be  lawfull  to  and  for  the  said  Vicars  the  said  Lands  and  Tene- 
ments to  distreyn  and  the  Distress  to  deteyn  untill  they  shall  be  fully  satisfied  of  the  said 
Rent,  Ours  our  Successors  or  any  other  Licence  whatsoever  for  that  purpose  not  required, 
saving  it  is  not,  nor  was  not  our  Intention  that  the  Vicars  dwelling  out  of  the  said 
Chambers,  may  although  they  dwell  in  the  said  Chambers  (Except  they  live  att  the 
Common  Charge  and  Expenses  for  Meat  and  Drink  witli  other  Vicars  living  in  such 
Chambers)  should  perceive  any  Profitt  of  the  Rent  aforesaid,  but  upon  the  Receipt  of  any 
such  Proffitt  after  the  Rate  of  the  time  should  bee  utterly  excluded.  Moreover,  wee  doe 
Ordain  that  all  and  every  Vicar  of  the  said  Church  inhabiting  the  said  Chambers,  soe 
often  as  they  shall  pass  from  the  said  Chambers  to  the  said  Church  of  St.  Andrew,  or  from 
the  said  Church  to  the  said  Chambers,  in  recompense  of  this  Benefitt  be  bound  to  say  the 


76  APPENDIX. 

Lords  Prayer,  and  the  Salutation  of  the  Angell  for  Us  and  our  Successors.  In  SSSltncss, 
SSHCC  Ralph  by  Gods  Permission  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells  have  caused  our  Seal  to  be 
put  to  these  presents.  Dated  att  Wyvelscombe  the  last  Day  saving  one  of  December  in 
the  Year  of  our  Lord  God  One  Thousand  Three  Hundred  Fforty  and  Eight,  and  of  our 
Consecration  the  Twentieth. 

^nb  SSSCC  John  Prior  of  the  Cathedrall  Church  of  Bath,  and  the  Chapter  of  the 
same  Place,  with  one  Accord  giving  our  Consent  to  all  and  singular  the 
Premisses,  and  holding  them  ratifj'ed  and  firms  (as  much  as  in  Us  is), 
confirme  them,  and  have  put  our  Common  Seal  to  these  presents,  Dated  as 
concerning  Us  in  our  Chapter  House  att  Bath  the  first  of  January  in  the 
Year  of  our  Lord  God  abovesaid. 

^nil  SStCE  Walter  Dean  of  the  Church  of  Wells,  and  the  Chapter  of  the  same 
place  with  one  accord  giving  our  Consent  to  all  and  singular  the  Premises, 
and  holding  them  ratifyed  and  firrae  do  (as  much  as  in  Us  is)  confirme  the 
same,  and  have  put  our  Comon  Seal  to  these  presents,  Dated  as  concerning 
Us  in  our  Chapter  House  of  Wells  the  Third  Day  of  the  Month  of  January 
in  the  Year  of  our  Lord  God  abovesaid. 

No.  2.    Copy  of  the  Table  of  the  Statutes  and  Injunctions  laid  down  by  Bishop 
Ralph  de  Salopici,  and  Confirmed  by  Bishop  Beckington. 

^  ^nblt  of  the  Statutes  and  Injunctions. 

1.  ©^flt  the  Statutes  and  Injunctions  shall  be  read  once  every  Year. 

2.  The  Ofiice  and  Power  of  the  Principals. 

6.  How  the  Office  of  the  Stewardship  shall  run  from  House  to  House. 
8  How  the  Steward  shall  behave  himself  in  his  office. 

7.  What  the  Steward  shall  do  in  the  Common  Hall,  his  Office  ended. 
9.  How  the  Steward  shall  pay  for  his  Victualls. 

10.  How  the  Vicars  ought  to  abstain  from  Oaths. 

12.  How  that  the  Vicars  ought  to  pay  for  their  Commons  att  the  Weeks  end. 

1 1 .  What  Communication  the  Vicars  ought  to  have  att  the  Table. 

14.  That  neither  Horses  nor  Doggs  ought  to  be  Kept  within  the  Close. 

15.  How  the  Vicars  ought  to  behave  themselves  within  the  Close  att  Night  time. 

16.  Against  Slanderers  and  Stirrers  up  of  Strife. 

18.  How  every  Man  ought  to  pray  for  the  founder. 

17.  When  the  Close  Gate  ought  to  be  shutt. 

19.  How  the  Secretts  of  the  Hall  ought  to  be  kept  Close. 

20.  How  all  suspected  Persons  ought  to  be  removed. 

21.  That  two  shall  not  dwell  in  one  House  together. 


APPENDIX.  77 

23.  That  none  shall  strike  the  Common  Servants. 

25.  Ther  shall  be  soft  Communication  att  the  Table  in  the  hall. 

That  no  Vicar  shall  receive  any  Stranger  to  continue  within  the  Close. 

Confirmation  of  these  Statutes  by 
Thomas  Beckington  Bishop  of  Bath 
and  Wells. 

^latut's  and  ®rWnancts  of 
Bishop  Beckington. 

28.  jpfor  Reformation  of  Abuse  in  the  Vicars  Apparrell. 

29.  Ffor  like  Rounding  and  Crownes  and  convenient  Apparrell. 

30.  Ffor  Reverence  to  be  given  to  the  Principals  and  Seniors. 

31.  That  none  of  the  Vicars  shall  make  suit  for  any  Chamber,  &c. 

32.  That  none  shall  sue  his  fellow  at  the  temporal  Law. 

33.  That  no  Lay  Vicar  presume  to  come  to  any  Hall  or  Counsell  except  he  be  called. 

34.  How  the  Principalis  ought  to  punish  Offenders. 

I^maftrr  doe  follow  the  Kings  Injunctions. 

1.  ^fiat  there  shall  be  one  only  Receiver. 

2.  The  Election  of  the  said  Receiver. 

3.  "What  Rents  the  Receiver  shall  Receive. 

4.  How  new  admitted  Vicars  shall  be  taken  to  the  Hall. 

5.  That  none  of  tlie  Vicars  shall  wear  Weapon. 

6.  That  every  Vicar  dining  in  the  Coiuon  Hall  shall  tarry  Grace. 

7.  That  every  Vicar  att  his  first  Admission  ought  to  take  a  Corporall  Oath. 

8.  That  the  Principalis  may  continue  in  Office  three  or  ffoure  Yeares. 

9.  How  the  Principalis  ought  straightly  to  punish  the  Offendors  against  the  Statutes. 

10.  That  ever  Vicar  and  especially  the  five  Seniors  ought  to  assist  the  Principalis  in 
executing  the  Statutes. 

11.  That  the  Penalties  of  the  OflFendors  ought  to  bee  paid  out  of  Hand. 

12.  That  these  Injunctions  shall  be  Registered  and  read  openly. 
41.  Of  Perdisons  in  the  Church  for  Prime  Mass  and  Evensong. 

^  ^mviie  or  Iitjunrtfon 

made  by  John  Still,  Bishop  of  Bath 
and  Wells,  the  Seaventh  Day  of  June, 
in  the  Year  of  our  Lord  God  1599. 

I^Oto  that  every  Vicar  being  employed  about  the  House  Busines,  shall 
within  sis  Days  yield  an  Account  into  the  Exchequer  of  the  said 

House. 

FFINIS  TABULA 


78  APPENDIX. 


©fit  ©atft  of  a  Vicar  Chorall  of  Wells. 

5.  J :  N :  late  admitted  unto  a  Vicar  Chorall  of  the  Cathedral  Church  of  Wells  make  ray 
Oath  upon  this  Holy  Book  that  I  from  henceforth  shall  be  alway  obedient  unto  the 
Principalis  of  this  Place  for  the  time  being  and  to  ail  other  having  their  Power,  and 
exercising  their  Office  in  their  Absence  and  likewise  to  all  my  Seniors  in  all  things  that 
be  lawfull  and  honest,  And  further  I  shall  with  the  best  of  my  Power  from  tliis  day 
forward  keep  fullfiU  and  observe,  and  endeavour  my  selfe  as  much  as  in  me  shall  lye 
hereafter  to  cause  others  in  like  manner  to  keep  fuUfiU  and  observe  all  Statutes  and 
laudable  Customs  of  this  Place.  And  moreover  I  shall  (not)  at  any  time  utter  nor  yett  disclose 
outwardly  any  of  the  Secretts  or  Counsell  of  this  Place  whereby  Hurt  Loss  Prejudice 
Dislaunder  or  Grievances  might  fortune  to  follow  and  ensue  to  this  Place,  or  any  of  my 
fellowship.  And  if  it  shall  happen  to  hear  of  an}'  Displeasure  Loss  Prejudice  Dislaunder 
or  Grievance  towards  this  Place,  or  any  of  my  fellowship  I  shall  as  farr  for  that  I  cann  or 
may  stay  and  lett  it.  And  if  may  not  I  shall,  with  all  speed  convenient,  open  and  disclose 
it  unto  the  Principalis  :  also  I  shall  to  the  uttermost  of  my  Power  help  and  Defend 
maintain  and  cause  others  as  farr  forth  as  I  may  to  help  maintain  and  Defend  all 
manner  of  Livelyhoods  Rents  and  Service  to  this  place  of  Right  appertaining  and  belong- 
ing. And  to  be  a  diligent  helper  to  defend  and  recover  the  same  if  need  shall  require 
from  all  Enemy's  and  never  consent  to  deliver  it  to  other  Use.  And  if  it  fortune  nie  here- 
after to  be  promoted  from  this  Worshipfull  Place  I  shall  wlierever  I  come  or  abide  be 
ever  in  Word  Deed  and  Will  well  willed  true  friend,  and  in  all  things  to  this  place 
apperteyniug  bee  a  behoofull  and  diligent  Helper ;  so  God  me  help  and  by  this  Book. 

li^Ctfnftft  doe  follow  the  Ordinances  of  the  same  Place  which  ought 
to  be  read  openly  every  year  in  the  Hall  there. 

Then  follow  the  Injunctions,  of  ichich  the  Table  is  given  above,  and  the  New  Charter 
granted  by  Queen  Elizabeth,  luhich  is  dated  at  Westminster  on  the  25th  Noiiember,  in  the 
34</«  year  of  her  reign. 


APPENDIX   II. 


Will  of  Henri/  Longe,  Esquire,  of  Wraxhall;  extracted  from  the  Registry  of 
the  Prerogative  Court  of  Canterbury. 

In  Dei  nomie  amen  Primo  die  mensis  Maij  Anno  dni  Millesimo  9999  nonagesimo  Ego 
Henricus  Long  Armiger  compos  mentis  et  sane  memorie  condo  testamentii  in  hunc 
modum  Inprimis  lego  anima  meam  deo  Patri  omnipotenti  beate  Marie  Virgin!  et 
oinibus  Sanctis  Corpus  q3  meum  sepeliendum  in  Ecctia  de  Wroxhall  coram  alta  cruce. 
Item  lego  ecctie  Catli  Sar  vjs  viijd  Itm  lego  ecctie  ^ocliiali  De  Wroxaft  xxs  pro 
vestimentis  Itm  lego  Rectori  de  Edyngdon  iijs  iiijd  et  cuilit  Presbitero  ejusdm  Domus 
viijd  et  cuilit  Novicio  ejusdm  Domiis  iiijd  jicipiend  die  obitus  mei  ad  dicend  missam  et 
exequias  predicto  die  et  ibm  orare  pro  me  et  animabus  Roberti  patris  mei  et  Mar- 
garete  matris  mei  Jobanne  et  Margarete  nup  uxorum  mearum  Reginaldi  et  Johannis 
fratrum  et  pro  aiabus  oifl  parentum  meorum  et  animabus  oifi  fidelii?  defunctorum  Itfri 
lego  Abbati  de  Stanley  iijs  iiijd  Itm  cuilit  presbitero  ejusdm  Domus  viijd  et  cuilit 
Novicio  eiusdm  Domus  quatuor  Denar  ifem  orare  ut  sup"  ItiTi  lego  Priori  de  Ffarley 
iijs  iiijd  et  cuilit  jjsbitero  eiusdm  Domus  viijd  et  cuilit  Novicio  iiijd  Itfn  lego  ecctie 
^och  De  Nortb  Bradley  xxs  pro  Vestment?  Itiii  lego  pau^ibus  Domus  Sancte  Mar- 
garete De  Bradford  vjs  viijd  Itin  lego  Priori  de  Bradnestock  iijs  iiijd  et  cuilit 
Presbitero  ejusdm  Domus  viijd  et  cuilit  Novicio  iiijd  Itin  lego  Capelle  Patris  mei 
in  Monasterio  de  Bathe  construct,  vntf  par  Vestmentorum  p'cy  9  s  vel  alia  necessaria 
ad  valorem  ejusdm  summe  Itin  lego  friBus  predicatoribus  de  Marleburgb  xiijs  iiijd  pro 
vestment?  Itin  lego  frib5  minorib3  Sar  xiijs  iiijd  pro  vestment?  ItiTi  lego  fril5us  pre- 
dicatoribus Sar  vjs  viijd  pro  vestment?  Itin  lego  ecctie  De  Bradford  xxs  pro  vestment? 
Itm  lego  Dom  De  Henton  xls  pro  Vestment?  Itfn  tego  ecctie  De  Brougbton  xiijs  iiijd 
pro  vestment?  Itfii  lego  Capelle  Sancti  Georgij  de  Semelton  (Semington)  xxs  pro  vest- 
ment? Itiii  lego  ecctie  de  ]\lilkestim  xxs  pro  vestment?  Itin  lego  ecctie  de  Hilpton  xiijs 
iiijd  pro  vestment?  Itin  lego  Abbatisse  de  Lacocke  xxs  pro  vestments  Itin  lego  ecctie  de 
Chippenhin  xxs  pro  vestments  Itm  lego  ecctie  de  Boxe  xxs  pro  vestments°  Itin  lego  Jo- 
hanne  Uxori  mee  omia  terras  et  tenementa  mea  que  babeo  in  Civitate  nove  Sar  Ac  omia 
bona  mea  infra  ciuitatem  pdcam  et  in  Domo  mea  ibm  existen?  habend  et  tenend  omia  pdicf 
terras  et  tenementa  prefate  Johanne  Uxori  mee  at  terminfl  vite  sue  Residufl  vero  omi' 
bonor{?  meorum  non  legatorum  Do  et  lego  executoribus  meis  videlicet  Johanne  uxori  mee 
Diio  Ricardo  Key  Vicario  De  Boxe  Jobanni  Goldney  ut  ij9i  ea  disponant  pro  salute  anime 
mee  et  aiabus  omi  amicori?  meorum  prout  illis  melius  videbiP  expediri  Eciam  facio  et  con- 
stituo  magistrum  Radulphum  Hethcott  supuisoi^  meum  tarn  Voluntatis  terrarum  et  tene- 
Tnentori?  meorfl  qua  testamenti  qui  jicipiet  pro  labore  suo  xls  In  testimonii  omi  premis- 
sorum  sigilhim  quod  vtor  apposui  Dap  apud  Wroxall  Die  et  Anno  supradic?     Itin  lego 

ecctie    De   Trubrigg   xxs   ^    vestment?     Itin    lego   ecctie xxs    pro    vestment? 

Itin  lego  ecctie  de  Asshton  xxs  pro  vestment?. 


APPENDIX    III. 


Notes  on  South  Wraxhall,  from  Auhreifs  MSS.  now  in  the  Ashmolean 

Museum,  Oxford. 

"  Tills  is  a  very  large  well  built  old  howse :  on  the  gate  is  the  Marshall's  lock  and  the" 
"  Stagge's  head  caboslied  in  stone.  The  Hall  is  open  and  high  and  windowes  full  of" 
"  painted  glasse." 

"  This  windowe  is  seme  of  a  branch  or  beame  of  a  stagfofe's  horn  or"  Coats  as  follow  : 

I.  Or;  three  torteaux  ^w/es  two  and  one,  in  chief  a  label  of  three  points  azure,  each  point 
charged  with  three  plates  or,  "  Courtney."  II.  Or;  an  eagle  displayed  gules,  "  Rodeney" 
erased.  III.  Quarterly,  1st  and  4th,  azure ;  a  lion  rampant  argent,  crowned  or,  "Dayrell." 
2d  and  oA,  argent;  two  bars  voided  sahle  in  chief,  two  demi-lions  rampant  gules. 
IV.  Gules;  three  fish  hauriant  argent,  '■^LucyT 

"  This  window  is  seme  the  Marshall's  lock  or,  at  the  bottom  the  salutation  of  the  " 
"  B.  Virgin  Mary."     Coats  :  I.  Sahle;  a  bend  or  between  six  fountains  argent,  "  Sturton." 

II.  Argent;  on -d  chief  gules,  two  stags'  heads  or,  "  Bradley."  III.  Or;  an  eagle  displayed 
and  double-headed  yules,  beaked  and  legged  azure,  "  JBlewet."  IV.  "Long"  impaling 
"  Bradley."  V.  Gules;  a  chevron  ermine  betweeu  nine  crosslets  argent,  "  Barhley." 
VI.  Gides;  a  chevron  argent  between  ten  crosslets  argent,  "  Barhley."  VII.  Quarterly, 
1st  and  4th,  argent ;  on  a  chief  ^«/e.«;,  two  mullets  or,  "  St  John."  2d  and  3d,  gules;  two 
lions  passant  regardant  argent.     VII.  Azure;  a  bend  argent  cotized  or,  "  Fortcscue." 

"  On  the  chimney-piece.  An.  Dini  1598."  ''Long"  impaling  "  a  pelican"  feeding  her 
vounff,  "Kerne." 

"  In  the  Entry  that  leads  from  the  Hall  to  the  Parleur.  This  window  seme  of" 
"  Stagges  branches."  Coats:  I.  Gules;  a  saltire  argent  charged  with  two  annulets 
entwined;  that  to  left  ^«/es,  the  other  azure.  II.  Within  a  bordure  argent  and  azure, 
Quarterly,  1st  and  4th,  azure,  three  fleurs-de-lis  or,  two  and  one.  2d  and  3d,  gules, 
three  lions  passant  regardant  or,  "  Card.  Beaufort  of  Winchester."  III.  Or;  on  a 
chevron  gules  a  mitre  with  labels  or,  within  a  bordure  engrailed  sahle,  "  Stafford.  A.  B. 
Cant."  IV.  Within  a  bordure  azure  semee  of  fleurs-de-lis  or ;  gules,  three  lions  passant 
regardant  or. 

"This  semee  of  Marsballs  locks."  Coats:  I.  1st  and  4th,  checque  of  six  or  and 
azure,  a  chevron  ermine.  2d  and  3d,  gules,  a  fesse  or  between  six  crosslets  or.  II.  A 
blank  coat. 

"  In  the  Dining-roome :  a  very  noble  one  in  the  Windowe."  I.  Quarterly,  1st  and 
4th,  azure;  on  a  bend  or,  three  "starres  of  five  points  waved"  argent.  2d  and  3d,  argent; 
three  demi-lions  gules,  two  and  one,   "  Sturmy"  in  pencil.     II.  Or;  a  chevron  argent 


APPENDIX.  81 

between  nine  crosslets  argent  " Barkley."  III.  Quarterly,  1st  and  4th,  azure;  three  fleurs 
de  lis  or,  two  and  one.  2d  and  3d,  gules;  three  lions  passant  regardant  or,  " Ks.  Arms." 
IV.  "  Long."  V.  Quarterly,  1st  and  4th,  argent  ;  three  diamonds  in  fesse  gules, 
^'Montagu."  2d  and  3d,  or;  an  eagle  displayed  azure,  ^^  Menthurmer."  VI.  Quarterly, 
1st  and  4th,  azure ;  on  a  bend  or,  three  stars  of  five  points  waved  argent.  2d  and  3d, 
argent;  three  demi-lions  rampant  gules,  two  and  one;  impaling,  quarterly,  1st  and  4th, 
"  Long  ;"  2d  and  3d,  gules ;  on  a  chevron  argent,  three  torteaux  gules  between  six  crosslets 
argent.  VII.  ''Long."  VIII.  Within  a  garter  a;r«7-e,  charged  with  HONI  SOIT  QUI 
MAL  Y  PENSE  or,  quarterly,  1st  and  4th,  gules,  a  lion  rampant  or.  2d.  Sable,  a  fret 
"  or."  3d.  Sable,  fretty  or.  IX.  "Long;"  impaling  or,  three  bends  azare  within  a  bordure 
engrailed  argent.  X.  Gules;  a  chevron  argent  charged  with  three  torteaux  gules  between 
ten  crosslets  argent,  "Barkley  of  Bruton." 

"In  another  chamber  in  the  windowe;  the  edges  of  this  window,  Long  and  the" 
"  lock  below"  (the  Marshall's  lock)  "  as  it  used  to  be  with  the  Saxon  crowns"  (it  is 
charged  in  the  side  with  an  anchor  sable).  Coats  :  I.  Gules:  ten  billets  or,  3,  3,  3,  and  1, 
"  Cowdray  of  Berks"  in  pencil.  II.  Gules;  twelve  billets  or,  3,  3,  3,  and  3,  impaling,  or; 
an  eagle  displayed  gnles  double-headed,  beaked  and  legged  azure.  III.  Quarterly,  1st 
and  4th,  gules;  nine  billets  or,  3,  3,  and  3.  2d  and  3d,  argent;  on  a  c\i\ei  gules,  two  stags' 
heads  or,  charged  with  a  crescent  or.     "  /  believe  this  to  be  inversed." 

"  In  the  same  windowe  Bradley,  without  the  crescent  or  as  in  margin,"  viz.  Argent  on 
a  c\nei  g ides  ;  two  stags'  heads  or.     "  This  window  is  full  oi  3IarshalVs  locks." 

"  In  another  chamber  window,  the  locks  aforesaid,  glasse  and  figures  broken.  In  a" 
"  chamber  within  that,  in  the  windowe,  beanies  of  a  stagge's  head,  and  at  the  top  in  " 
"  scrolles,  ♦  lEnbjlE  fajoll  IgE.'     V.  Box.  p.  112,  de  hoc."' 

"In  the  Parlour  window,"  I.  Gules;  a  chevron  argent  charged  with  three  torteaux 
gules,  between  ten  crosslets  argent:  impaling,  party  per  pale  argent  and  sable  a  cross  flory 
counterchanged.  II.  Within  a  Bordure  seme  of  skull  caps;  quarterly,  1st  and  4th,  gules, 
a  fesse  or  between  six  martlets  or,  "  Beauchamp"  in  pencil.  2d.  Two  lions  passant  argent. 
3d.  Azure,  three  fish  naiant  argent,  "  Boche." 

"  Over  the  gate  is  a  handsome  chamber  and  a  good  glasse  windowe  full  of  figures," 
"  w*"  I  could  not  see." 

'  "  BOX.  On  the  S.  side  of  the  Church  is  a  fair  freestone  monum.  of  Roman  architecture  bom  up  with  lonicq" 
•'  pillars,  a  figure  incumbent  on  the  altar  in  armour.  Here  lyetb  the  body  of  Anthony  Long,  Esq.  buried  the  2d  of" 
"  May,  1578.     Query,  the  Marshalllock  ?     In  a  scroll  the  motto,  ENVI  WILL  LYE." 


H 


INDEX. 


AcTOK  TuRviLLE,   Gloucestershire,  notice  of  a 

bell-turret  at,  68. 
Adwyne's,  St.,   or   St.  Edwyne's   chapel,   South 

Wraxhall,  Wilts,  notice  of,  50. 
Altar  in  the  chapel  of  the  Vicars'  Close,  Wells, 

16;  pi.  No.  8. 
Altar  tomb.     See  Tomb. 
Andrew,   St.,  patron  saint   of  Wells   cathedral 

church,  17. 
,  niche  containing  his  statue,  chain- 
gate.  Wells,  20;  pi.  No.  18,  No.  19. 
Arms,  coat  of,  of  Bath  Abbey,  17  ;  pi.  No.  12. 
. Bath  and  Wells,  the  united  see 

of,  8,  9,  14,  17;  pi.  No.  2,  No.   10,  No. 

12. 
de  Beckington,Thos.  bishop  of 


Arms,  coat  of,  of  Tropenell,  42,  43,  44,  45, 
46,  47,  48 ;  pi.  No.  32,  No.  37,  No.  39,  No. 
40,  No.  45,  No.  48,  No.  51,  No.  52,  No.  54. 

,  Wells,  of  the  see  of,  9,   19  ; 

pi.  No.  16. 

Berkeley,  or  Barkley,  54,:  54,  65,  81  ; 


Bath  and  Wells.     See  Beckington. 
Ludlow,  of  Hill  Deverell,  Wilts, 


44,  46,  47,  48  ;  pi.  No.  45,  No.  48,  No.  52, 
No.  54. 
Nicholas   Bubwith,    bishop  of 


Bath  and  Wells,  5;  pi.  No.  10. 
Percy,     24,    24,*     47 ;      pi. 


No.  52. 

RichardPomeroy,8;  pl.No.l6. 

Roche,  of  Bromham,  Wilts,  47, 

81  ;  pi.  No.  52. 
Rous,    of  Imber,    Wilts,   47  ; 


pi.  No.  52. 


Royal,  as  borne  by  Henry  V. 
and  subsequent  sovereigns  of  England,  down 
to  Elizabeth,  21  ;  pi.  No.  24. 
as  worn,  1622,  46 ;  pi.  No.  50. 


pi.  No.  69. 

Carne,  58,  65,  80  ;  pi.  No.  68. 

Cowdray,  66,  81  ;  pi.  No.  69. 

Long,  54, J  63,  65,  80,  81  ;  pi.  No.  60, 

No.  63,  No.  68,  No.  69. 

Popham,  65  ;  pi.  No.  69. 

Seymour,   or  St.  Maur,   54,  54,t  65 ; 


pi.  No.  69. 


B 


Bakehouse,  Vicars'  Close,  Wells,  presumed  situa- 
tion of,  18;  pi.  No.  13. 
Bastions  at  Great  Chalfield,  Wilts,  38;  pi.  No. 

28. 
Bath  Abbey,  the  arras  of,  17  ;  pi.  No.  12. 
Bath  and  Wells,  arms  of  the  united  see  of,  8,  9, 

14,  17  ;  pi.  No.  2,  No.  10,  No.  12. 
Bays  of  the  banqueting-hall.  Great  Chalfield, 

Wilts,   40,  42,  43  ;    pi.   No.  29,    No.  32, 

No.  36,  No.  40. 
,  South  Wraxhall, 

Wilts,  62,  64,65;  pi.  No.  56-57,  No.  64, 

No.  66,  No.  68. 
Beckington,   Thomas   de,  bishop  of   Bath   and 

Wells,  a  great  benefactor  to  the  Vicars'  Close 

at  Wells,  5. 
,  an  inscription  to  the  memory  of  his 

benefaction,  10. 


84 


INDEX. 


Beckington,  Thomas  de,  connected  the  Vicars' 
Close  to  the  cathedral,  by  building  the  Close- 
Hall  Gate,  or  Chain-Gate ,  5,  6. 

,  his  arms  and  rebus,  6,  8,  9,  17,  18, 

20,  21,  22;  pi.  No.  12,  No.  13,  No.  20, 
No.  24,  No.  26. 

,  his  executors,  7,  7,|  10,  10. J 

,  his  Nova  Opera,  5. 

• ,  notice  of  his  life,  5.* 

• ,  supposed    to    have    acquired    his 


knowledge  of  architecture   from  William   of 

Wickham,  20. 
Beer-cellar,  under  the  hall  of  the  Vicars'  Close, 

Wells,  18;  pi.  No.  13. 
Bell-turret  of  the  chapel,  Vicars'  Close,  Wells, 

17:  pi.  No.  12. 
church    at    Great    Chalfield, 

Wilts,  46;  pi.  No.  50. 
Bell-turrets,   peculiar   but    picturesque  ones,  at 

Biddeston,  Wilts,  67,  68  ; 
,  similar  ones  at  Corston  and  Leigh- 
de-la-mere,  Wilts,  68. 
of  the  church  of  St.  Peter  at  Bid- 


deston,   Wilts,    67,    68,    71  ;    pi.    No.    72, 
No.  73. 
Biddeston,  Wilts,  church  of  St.  Nicholas,  notice 
of,  67. 

,  sketch  of  the  bell-turret,  67. 

,  church  of  St.  Peter,  historical 

account  of,  67 — 70. 
,  descrip- 
tion of  five  Plates,  illustrative  of,  71,  viz. 

I. south  elevation  and  ground-plan,  71  ; 

pi.  No.  72. 

II. bell-turret,  71  ;  pi.  No.  73. 

III. porch,  71  ;  pi.  No.  74. 

IV. details,  71  ;  pi.  No.  75. 

V. windows  and  details,  71  ;  pi.  No.  76. 

Bocat ;  William,  executor  to  Hugh  Sugar,  alias 
Norris,  LL.D.,  built  the  chantry  chapel  now 
existing  in  Wells  Cathedral,  7.+ 
Bosses,    executed    in    plaster,    Great   Chalfield 

manor-house,  45  ;  pi.  No.  46. 
Boxwell,  Gloucestershire,  notice  of  a  bell-turret 
at,  68. 


Brackets,  oak,  supporting  the  roof  of  the  hall 
at  South  Wraxhall,  Wilts,  65;  pi.  No.  69. 

Buttresses,  peculiar  angle-buttresses  at  South 
Wraxhall  manor-house,  Wilts,  63;  pi.  No.  60. 


Ceiling  of  the  banqueting-hall.  Great  Chalfield, 
Wilts,  plan  of,  40  ;  pi.  No.  29. 

chantry  chapel  at  Great  Chal- 
field, Wilts,  46  ;  pL  No.  48. 

^^^^-^—^^  drawing-room  at    South  Wrax- 


hall, Wilts,  66;   pi.  No.  71. 
Chain-gate  at  Wells,  built  by  Bishop  Beckington, 
5,  6,  11,  13,  IS,  19. 

,  transverse    section  of,   19; 

pi.  No.  15. 

,  east  elevation  of,    20 ;    pi. 

No.  18—19. 
Chalfield,  Great,  or  East,  Wilts,  historical  ac- 
count of  the    manor-house    and    church    at, 
23—37. 

— ,  description     of    two 

Plates,  illustrative  of,  38,  39,  viz. 

I. perspective   view,  38  ;    pi. 

No.  27. 

II.  general    ground-plan,     38, 

pi.  No.  28. 
,  the  manor-house,  de- 


scription   of  twenty    Plates    illustrative    of 
39—45,  viz. 

III. ground  andfirst-floor  plans, 

39,  40  ;  pi.  No.  29. 

IV. north     front     and    figures 

terminating  the  gables, 
41;  pi.  No,  30. 

V.  longitudinal     section     and 

details  of  roofs,  41  ;  pi. 
No.  31. 

VI. two     transverse      sections, 

figures  terminating  north 
gables  &c.  42  ;  pi.  No. 
32. 

VII.,  VIII.,  IX. semicircular  oriel  window, 

42;  pi.  No.  33,  No.  34, 
No   35. 


INDEX. 


85 


XI.,  XII. 
I 

XIII. 


XIV. 
XV. 

XVI. 

XVII.,  XVIII. 

XIX. 
XX. 


windows  of  hall,  and  of  bay 
of  ditto,  42  ;  pi.  No.  36. 

octagonal  oriel  window,  42, 
43 ;  pi.  No.  37,  No.  38. 

■  entrance- porch,  and   oak- 
door,  43  ;  pi.  No.  39. 

■  North    bay    of    Hall,  43  ; 
pi.  No.  40. 

-  square-headed  window,  43  ; 
pi.  No.  41. 

-  fire-place, 43, 44;  pi.  No.42. 

■  oak  screen,  44  ;  pi.  No.  43, 
No.  44. 

-  bosses,  masks,  and  details, 
44,  45  ;   pi.  No.  45. 

-  small    plaster  bosses,    and 

restoration  of  one  com- 
partment of  the  ceiling 
of  hall,  45;  pi.  No.  46. 
Chalfield,  Great,  or  East,  Wilts,  the  church,  de- 
scription of  seven  Plates  illustrative  of,  45 — 
47,  viz. 

I. west   elevation    and    longitudinal 

section,  45  ;  pi.  No.  47. 

IT.  transverse    section,    ground-plan, 

and  details,  45,  46;  pi.  No.  48. 

III.  porch,  46  ;  pi.  No.  49. 

IV.  bell-tiirretand westwindowatlarge, 

and  details,  46;  pi.  No.  50. 

v.,  VI. stone  screen,  46,  47  ;   pi.  No.  51, 

No.  52. 

VII.  oak  seat,  desk,  and  piscina,  47; 

pi.  No.  53. 

,  Little, or \Vest,26,  34,  36. 

Chantry  chapel :  to  the  memory  of  Hugh  Sugar, 
alias  Norris,  LL.D.,  in  the  nave  of  Wells 
Cathedral ;  the  present  one  not  built  by  him- 
self, but  by  William  Bocat,  his  executor,  7.* 

. ,  at  Great  Chalfield,  Wilts,  46. 

priests  of  the  choir  of  Wells  Cathedral 


first  ordained,  1,  1,*  1  .J 

and  styled  Vicars'  Choral,  1,1.* 

endowed  with  lands  by  Walter 


Chapel  of  the  Vicars'  Close,  at  Wells,  now  in 
disuse,  11,  13,  16  —  18;  pi.  No.  8  — No. 
12. 

,  library   over,    13, 

16—18;  pi.  No.  8— No.  12. 

,  plan  of,    17;    pi. 


No.  9. 

Chapel-plaister,  Wilts,  notice  of,  50. 

Chapter-house,  the.  Wells  Cathedral,  communi- 
cation with  the  staircase  leading  to,  from  the 
Vicars'  Close,  19  ;  pi.  No.  14. 

Chimney-piece.     See  Fire-place. 

Chimney-shaft  of  the  vicars'  dwellings  at  Wells, 
14,  15  ;  pi.  No.  2,  No.  4. 

,  a  corbelled  one  at  South  Wrax- 

hall,  61,  64 ;  pi.  No.  55,  No.  64. 

attached    to   the    hall    at   South 


Wraxhall,  Wilts,  occupying  the  same  situ- 

tion  as  that  at  Great  Chalfield,  64  ;  pi.  No.  64. 

Compare  pi.  No.  30. 
Chimney-shafts   at  Great  Chalfield,  Wilts,  41, 

43  ;  pi.  No.  30,  No.  42. 

,  details  of,  43;  pi.  No.  42. 

Church  at  Great  Chalfield,  Wilts.     See   Chal- 

Jield. 
Close-Hall  Gate,  Wells.     See  Chain-gate. 
Corbelling,  under  octagonal  oriel  window.  Great 

Chalfield,  Wilts,  42  ;  pi.  No.  37. 
,  South  Wraxhall, 

Wilts,  63  ;  pi.  No.  60,  No.  63. 
of  a  bell-turret  at    Biddeston,   71  ; 


deHuUe,  1. 


pi.  No.  73. 
Cornice,   battlemented  oak   one,  of  the  vicars' 

dwellings  at  Wells,  14;  pi.  No.  4. 
Corsham  Church,  Wilts,  altar  tomb  in  the  chantry 

chapel,  description  of  one  plate   illustrative 

of,  47,  48,  viz. 
I. tomb  of  Thomas  Trop^nell  and  his  wife, 

47,  48  ;  pi.  No.  54. 
Corston,  Wilts,  notice  of  a  bell-turret  at,  68. 

D 

Desk,  oak,  in   the  church   at  Great  Chalfield, 
Wilts,  47  ;  pi.  No.  53. 


86 


INDEX. 


Dining-room,    manor-house,    Great    Chalfield, 

Wilts,  40,  41. 
,  South    Wraxhall, 

Wilts,  62,  80. 
Domestic  offices.  Great  Chalfield,  Wilts,  40. 
Door,  oak,  of  the  chapel  of  the  Vicars'  Close, 

Wells,  17;  pi.  No.  10. 
,  manor-house,  Great  Chalfield,  Wilts, 

39,41,43;  pi.  No.  29,  No.  31,  No.  39. 
of  the  church  of  St.  Peter  at  Biddeston, 


Wilts,  71;  pi.  No.  75. 
Door-case  of  the  chapel  of  the  Vicars'  Close  at 

Wells,  an  insertion  under  the  tracery  head  of 

one  of  the  original  windows,  3,  16,  17. 

,  drawn  at  large,  17  ;  pi.  No.  10. 

,  original  one  stopped  up,  3. 

,  of  the  vicars'  dwellings  at  Wells,  14; 

pi.  No.  2,  No.  3. 
Drawing-room,  or  withdrawing-room,   at  South 

Wraxhall,  Wilts,  61,  62,  65,  66;  pi.  No. 

55,  No.  58  —  59,  No.  71. 
,  exterior   elevation    of,    64  ;    pi. 

No.  64. 


interior  perspective  view  of,  65, 

66;  pi.  No.  71. 
Draycot,  Wilts,  the  manor  acquired  by  the  family 

of  Long,  by  marriage,  55. 
,  held  hy  petit  serjeantie,  55. 


Edward  III.  his  letters  patent  to  the  vicars' 
choral  of  Wells,  Appendix  I.  73. 

Elizabeth,  queen  of  England,  granted  a  charter 
to  the  principals,  seniors,  and  vicars'  choral 
of  the  choir  in  the  cathedral  church  of  St. 
Andrew  at  Wells,  9,  11,  78. 

,  an  inscription  to,  in  memory  of  her 

gift,  10. 

Elizabethan  architecture,  corruption  of  taste,  32. 

withdrawing-room  at  South  Wrax- 
hall, Wilts,  65,  66;  pi.  No.  71. 

Entrance-gateway  to  the  Vicars'  Close,  Wells, 
13,  18;  pi.  No.  1,  No.  13. 

,  elevation  of,  19;  pi.  No.  15. 


Entrance-gateway  to  the  Vicars'  Close,  Wells, 
sections  of,  19,20;pl.No.  18,  No.  19,  No.  23. 

from  the  market-place  into  the 

grounds  of  the  bishop's  palace  at  Wells  ;  no- 
ticed, 16. 

at  Great  Chalfield,  Wilts,  39; 


pi.  No.  28. 


at  South  Wraxhall,  Wilts,  61, 

63,  80;  pi.  No.  55,  No.  56  —  57,  No.  60, 
No.  61,  No.  62,  No.  63. 

,  plan    and   elevation.  63  ;    pi. 


No.  60. 


,  longitudinal  section  and  first- 
floor  plan,  63  ;  pi.  No.  61. 
,  oriel  window,  63;  pi.  No.  62, 


No.  63. 


Fetterlock,  or  marshal's  lock,  a  cognizance  of 
the  family  of  Long,  54,  55,  56,§  58,  63,  65, 
80,  81  ;  pi.  No.  60,  No.  63,  No.  69. 

Figures ;  terminating  the  gables  of  the  manor- 
house,  at  Great  Chalfield,  Wilts,  41  ;  pi. 
No.  30. 

Fire-dogs  of  the  hall.  Vicars'  Close,  Wells,  21  ; 
pi.  No.  24. 

Fire-place  of  the  vicars'  dwellings  at  Wells,  14; 
pi.  No.  3. 

of  the  hall,  Vicars'  Close,  Wells,  21  ; 

pi.  No.  23,  No.  24. 

in  the  banqueting-hall.  Great  Chal- 


field, Wilts,  41,  43;  pi.  No.  31,  No.  42. 
,  Elizabethan,   inserted   in  the    guest- 


chamber,     Great     Chalfield     manor-house, 
Wilts,  31. 
in    the   drawing-room    at 


South  Wraxhall,  Wilts,  66  ;  pi.  No.  7 1 . 
Fitzwaryn,  Philip,  26. 
Fleur-de-lis,   surmounting   the    oriel  window   of 

the  Vicars'  Close,  at  Wells,  15;  pi.  No.  5. 


Gables,  terminated  by  figures  at  Great  Chal- 
field, Wilts,  41 ;  pi.  No.  30. 


INDEX. 


87 


Gallery,  the  vicars',  over  the  chain-gate,  Wells ; 

19;  pi.  No.  14. 

transverse  section  of,  19  ;  pi.  No.  15. 

east  elevation  of,  20;   pi.   No.  18,  No. 

19. 
,  one 

of  the  compartments  of,  20;  pi.  No.  20. 
,  for   music,   in    the    banqueting-hall   at 


Great  Chalfield,  Wilts,  41  ;  pi.  No.  31. 

Gap-mouths  at  South  Wraxhall,  Wilts,  64,  65 ; 
pi.  No.  64,  No.  70. 

Gateway,  outer,  at  Great  Chalfield,  Wilts,  38 ; 
pi.  No.  28. 

Griffins,  terminating  the  gables  at  Great  Chal- 
field, Wilts,  42  ;  pi.  No.  32. 

Groined-room  at  Great  Chalfield,  Wilts,  41  ; 
pi.  No.  31. 

Guest-chamber  at  Great  Chalfield,  Wilts,  40, 
41  ;  pi.  No.  29,  No.  31. 

,  South  Wraxhall,  Wilts,  re- 
moved, 62;    pi.  No.  58—59. 

H 

Hall  of  the  Vicars'  Close,  Wells,  plan  of,    18, 

19;  pi.  No.  13. 
,  north  eleva- 


tion of,  20;  pi.  No.  21. 
tion  of,  19;  pi.  No.  15. 
section  of,  20  ;  pi.  No.  23. 


-,  south  eleva- 
-,  longitudinal, 

,       transverse 

section  of,  19,  20;  pi.  No.  18  —  19. 

,  crypt  under, 

used  as  a  malting-house,  11,  13;  formerly 
the  beer-cellar,  13,  18  ;  pi.  No.  1,  No.  13. 

— ,  banqueting,  at  Great  Chalfield,  Wilts,  39  ; 
pi.  No.  29. 

,  longitudi- 


nal section  of,  41  ;  pi.  No.  31. 


,  transverse 

sections  of,  42  ;  pi.  No.  32. 
,  at  South  Wraxhall,  Wilts,  ex- 


terior view  of,  61,  80 ;  pi.  No.  55. 


Hall,  banqueting,  at  South  AVraxhall,  elevation 

of,  64  ;  pi.  No.  64. 
— — ,    longitu- 

dinaland  transverse  sections,  65  ;  pi.  No.  68. 
,  transverse 

section  of  the  roof,  68  ;  pi.  No.  69. 
Harberton  ;  Lord,  of  Carbery,  in  the  county  of 

Kildare,  Ireland,  descended  from  the  family 

of  Pomeroy,  8. 
Hungerford  ;  Margaret  Lady,  53. 
Hungerfordes;  the  old  Lordes,  supposed  patrons 

of  the  family  of  Longe,  or  Le  Long,  51. 

1,J 

Jambs  of  archways,  43,   63,  64 ;    pi.  No.  39, 

No.  63,  No.  65,  No.  67. 
■ dooiways,  64,  71  ;   pi.  No.  56,  No. 

57,  No.  65,  No.  75. 
screen     at    Great   Chalfield    Church, 

Wilts,  46;  pi.  No.  51. 
windows,  43,  63,  64,  71 ;   pi.  No.  38, 

No.41,No.63,  No.66,  No.67,  No.75,No.76. 
Joceline  de  Welles,  or  Trotman,  first  ordained 

the   Vicars  Choral   of  Wells  Cathedral,  I, 

1,*  U 

,  notice  of  his  life,  1.* 
Iron  work,  old,  at  Great  Chalfield,  Wilts,  42, 

43  ;  pi.  No.  35,  No.  39. 

K 

Kitchen  of  the  Vicars'  Close,  at  Wells,  18. 
,  plan     of, 

18;  pi.  No.  14. 
,  section  of, 

20;   pi.  No.  23. 
,  at    South   Wraxhall,    Wilts,    62 ; 


pi.  No.  56—57. 


Labels,  mouldings  of,  at  Biddeston,  Wilts,  71; 

pi.  No.  74,  No.  75,  No.  76. 
,  at  Great  Chalfield,  Wilts, 

42  ;  pi.  No.  36,  No.  37,  No.  38,  No.  50. 


88 


INDEX. 


Labels,  mouldings  of,  at  South  Wraxhall,  Wilts, 
63,  64 ;  pi.  No.  63,  No.  65,  No.  66,  No.  67. 

,  at  Vicars'  Close,  Wells, 

pi.  No.  4,  No.  10,  No.  11. 

,  terminations    of,    at    South    Wraxhall, 


Wilts,  63;  pi.  No.  63, 
, ,  at    Great    Chalfield, 

Wilts,  pi.  No.  36,  No.  37,  No.  41,  No.  .54. 
Leigh-de-la-Mere,  Wilts,  notice  of  a  bell  turret 

at,  68. 
Library  over  the   chapel.  Vicars'  Close,  Wells, 

plan  of,  17;  pi.  No.  9. 
Lobby,   the    small,   Vicars'    Close,    Wells,    19 ; 

pi.  No.  14. 
. En- 


trance into,  20  ;  pi.  No.  23. 


Sec- 


tion of,  22  ;  pi.  No.  25. 

Long,  arms  of,  63,  65,  80,  81  ;  pi.  No.  60, 
No.  63.  No.  68,  No.  69. 

Long,  Hope,  Esq.  60. 

Long,  John,  Esq.,  his  persecution  by  his  step- 
mother, 59,  60. 

,  his  son,  60. 

,  the  Rev.,  rector  of  Meseyhampton, 


Gloucestershire,  60. 
— ,  Walter,  Esq.  of  Bristol,  60. 

■                     — ,  his  son,  60. 
,  of  Wraxhall  and  Whaddon 


(well  known  as  Mr.  Walter  Long,  of  Bath),  60. 
,  M.P.  for  North  Wilts,  the 


present  possessor  of  South  Wraxhall,  60,  61. 
Longe,  or  Le  Long,  family  of,  50. 
,  supposed      origin 

of,  by  Leland,  51. 
Henry,  cotemporary  with  Thomas  Tro- 


penell,  Esq.  projector  of  the  manor-house  at 
Great  Chalfield,  and  with  him  named  in  the 
will  of  Margaret,  lady  Hungerford,  53,  54. 
,  his  will]  at  length,  Appendix  IL 


79. 

,  monument   in    South   Wraxhall 

Church,   supposed    to   be   his   widow's,   54, 
with  a  woodcut. 


Longe,  Sir  Henry,  56  ;  knighted  for  his  gallant 

charge  at  Therouenne,  57. 
,  a    new    crest    granted    to 

him,  57. 


,  his  motto.  57. 

,  Robert,  presumed  projector  of  the  ma- 
nor-house at  South  Wraxhall,  Wilts,  51,  52. 

,  Sir  Robert,  knight,  57. 

,  presumed  to  have  been  the 


first  Protestant  member  of  the  family,  57. 

,  Sir  Thomas,  55,  56. 

,  his     monument    in     South 


Wraxhall  Church,  56.* 

,  Sir  Walter,  knight,  made  many  ad- 
ditions to  the  manor-house  at  South  Wrax- 
hall, Wilts,  58,  59. 

,  friend  of  Sir  Wal- 


ter Raleigh,  58.* 


,  in  consequence  of 

the  artifice  of  his  second  wife,  disinherits  his 
son,  59. 

,  his   second  wife's 


promise  to  him  on  his  death-bed,  and  how 
performed,  60.* 

Loophole  in  the  porch  leading  to  the  hall,  Great 
Chalfield,  Wilts,  through  which  to  receive 
letters,  or  to  take  cognizance  of  visit- 
ors, 39,  43  ;  pi.  No.  39. 

Loscombe,  C.  W.  Esq.,  his  opinion  of  the  bell- 
turrets  at  Biddeston  and  other  places  in 
Wilts,  68. 

Ludlow,  of  Hill  Deverell,  Wilts,  arms  of,  44,  46, 
47,  48 ;  ph  No.  45,  No.  48,  No.  52,  No.  54. 

M 

Manor-house  at  Great  Chalfield,  Wilts,  pro- 
jected by  Thomas  Tropenell,  Esq.  31.  See, 
also,  Chalfield. 

,    ground 


and  first-floor  plans,  39  ;  pi.  No.  29. 


front  of,  41  ;  pi.  No.  30. 
dinal  section,  41  ;  pi.  No.  31. 


-,       north 
-,  longitu- 


INDEX. 


89 


Manor-House  at  Great  Chalfield,  Wilts,  trans- 
verse sections,  42  ;  pi.  No.  32. 

at  South  Wraxhall,  Wilts,  historical 

account  of,  49 — 61.     See  also  Wraxhall. 

,  perspec- 
tive view  of,  61  ;  pi.  No.  55. 

Marshal's  lock.     See  Fetterlock. 

Masks  in  the  banqueting-hall  at  Great  Chalfield, 
Wilts,  disguising  openings  from  the  upper 
rooms,41,42,45;pl.  No.  31,No.32,No.  45. 

Meyrick,  Sir  Samuel,  Bart.,  his  opinion  of  the 
figures  in  armour  which  terminate  the  gables 
of  the  manor-house  at  Great  Chalfield, 
Wilts,  41. • 

Moat  at  Great  Chalfield,  Wilts,  38  ;  pi.  No.  28. 

Motto  adopted  by  Thomas  Tropenell,  Esq.,  31, 
44 ;  pi.  No.  45. 

Mouldings  of  Piers,  pi.  No.  13,  No.  14. 

Mountery,  or  Mounterox  College,  at  Wells, 
Somersetshire,  for  fourteen  priests,  founded 
by  Ralph  Erghum,  bishop  of  Wells,  4. 

,     mistaken 

by  some  for  the  Vicars'  Close,  4. 

,  confisca- 
ted, temp.  Elizabeth,  4. 

Mountroy  House,  built  on  its  site,  4. 

,  pulled  down,  4. 

MuUions  of  a  screen  in  Great  Chalfield  Church, 
Wilts,  46;  pi.  No.  51. 

windows,  43,  63,  64,  71  ;  pi.  No.  4, 

No.  10,  No.  14,  No.  17,  No.  22,  No.  38, 
No.  41,  No.  63,  No.  66,  No.  67,  No.  73. 

,  door,  pi.  No.  9. 


Muniraent-room,  Vicars'  Close,  Wells,  plan  of, 
18,  19;  pi.  No.  14. 

,        pas- 


sage-room leading  to,  20  ;  pi.  No.  21. 


section 


of,  22  ;  pi.  No.  25. 


N 

Neale,  Sir  Harry  Burrard,  Bart.,  32,  36. 

,  Grace-Elizabeth,  32. 

,  Robert,  Esq.  32,  46. 


Niches,  Chain-gate,  Wells;  one  of  them  contain- 
ing a  statue  of  St.  Andrew,  20, 

,  Chapel,  Vicars'  Close,  Wells,  18;  pi.  No. 

12. 

Nicholas  Bubwith,  bishop  of  Wells,  supposed  to 
have  bestowed  a  grant  on  the  Vicars'  Close 
at  Wells,  4. 

,  his  arms  on  the  door  of  the 

chapel,  5,  7;  pi.  No.  10. 

,  notice  of  his  life,  1 7.* 


O 

Oriele,  definition  of  the  term  by  Aubrey,  52.^ 
Oriel  window   of  the  vicars'  dwellings.   Vicars' 

Close,  Wells,  11,  13,   15,   18;    pi.  No.  5, 

No.  6. 
,  two    in     the    hall,    ditto,    19; 

pi.  No.  16. 
,  elevation,  section,  and  details  of 

one,  19;  pi.  No.  16. 

-,  plan,  interior  elevation,  and  sof- 


fit, 19,20;  pi.  No.  17,  No.  23. 
,  transverse  section,  19,  20;    pi. 


No.  18,  No.  19. 
,  semicircular,  at  Great  Chalfield, 


Wilts,   40,  41,  42;    pi.  No.  29,   No.  30, 
No.  31,  No.  33,  No.  34,  No.  35. 
,  octagonal,    ditto,    40,    41,   42, 


43;  pi.  No.  29,  No.  30,  No.  31,  No.  37, 
No.  38. 
,  at  South  Wraxhall  manor-house, 


Wilts,  63 ;  pi.  No.  62,  No.  63. 


Panelling,  napkin  or  scroll,  in  the  hall,  Vicars' 

Close,  Wells,  19,  22;    pi.  No.  16;    No.  18, 

No.  19,  No.  26. 
Parapet-moulding,  chapel  of  the  Vicars'  Close, 

Wells,  18;  pi.  No.  12. 

,  panelled,  wooden,  22;  pi.  No.  25. 

Pateras  on  ceiling  of  the  chapel.  Vicars'  Close, 

Wells,  17;  pi.  No.  9. 
in  the  jamb-mouldings  of  the  doorcase, 

ditto,  17;  pi.  No.  10. 


90 


INDEX. 


Pateras  in  a  stringcourse  of  oriel  window,  Great 
Chalfield,  Wilts,  42  ;  pi.  No.  34. 

• in  quatrefoils  of  stone  screen  in  church 

at  Great  Chalfield,  47  ;  pi.  No.  52. 
Pearson,  Mrs.  Elizabeth,  monument  to  the  me- 
mory of,  in  the  church  at  Great  Chalfield, 
Wilts,  37. 
Pedigree  of  Percys,  knights  of  Great  Chalfield,  25. 

of  Tropenell,  27—31. 

Pendants  in  soffit  of  oriel  window,  Great  Chal- 
field, Wilts,  42 ;  pi.  No.  35. 
Percys,  knights  of  Great  Chalfield,  pedigree  of,  25. 
Piscina,  stone,  at  Great  Chalfield,   Wilts,  47  ; 
pi.  No.  53. 

,  Biddeston,  Wilts,    71  ;    pi.    No. 

72,  No.  75. 
Pomeroy,  Richard,  19. 

,  his  arms,  8,  19 ;  pi.  No.  16. 

Pope,  John,  or  John  Talbot,  one  of  Bishop  Beck- 
ington's  executors,  7,  7,*  7,1  14,  16;  pi. 
No.  2,  No.  7. 

,  his  arms,   or  rebus,  14,    16  ;    pi. 

No.  2,  No.  7. 
Porch,    a    richly   groined   one,    leading   to    the 
great   staircase,    Vicars'    Close,    Wells,    13, 
18,  22  ;  pi.  No.  1,  No.  13,  No.  25,  No.  26. 

leading  into  the  court  of  one  of  the  vicars' 

dwellings  at  Wells,  15,  16,  16  ;*  pi.  No.  7. 

,  Great    Chalfield    manor-house,    Wilts, 

43  ;  pi.  No.  39. 

,  church,  a  curious  one, 

46  ;  pi.  No.  49. 
Porter's  dwelling,  Great  Chalfield,  Wilts,  40. 
Preux,  one  of  the  house  of,  supposed  ancestor  of 

the  family  o(  Longe  or  Le  Long,  51. 
Priest's  dwelling,  at  Great  Chalfield,  Wilts,  40. 
Pugin,  the  late  Augustus,  Esq.  11 Also,  Pre- 
face to  Part  I. 
Pulpit  for  grace  at  meal-time,  in  the  hall  of  the 
Vicars'  Close  at  Wells,  21  ;  pi.  No.  23. 

Q 

Quarells,   ornamental,    in    the    windows   of  the 
chapel,  Vicars'  Close,  Wells,  17  ;  pi.  No.  9. 


R 

Radulphus  de  Salopia,  or  Ralph  of  Shrewsbury, 
bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells,  made  certain 
statutes  and  ordinances  for  the  better  govern- 
ment of"  Close  Hall,"  2  ;  Appendix  I. 

■ founder    of    the    Vicars' 

Close,  2,  2.* 


pendix  II. 


of  his  gift,  3,9,  10. 


his  deed  of  gift,  2  ;    Ap- 

an  inscription  in  memory 
). 

■ ■ notice  of  his  life,  2.* 

place  of  his  death,  8. 

Ralph  Erghura,  bishop  of  Wells,   founder  of  a 

college    for    priests,    called    Mountery,    or 

Mounterox  College,  4. 
■ erroneously    supposed    to    have 

been    the   founder   of  the   Vicars'   Close  at 

Wells,  4. 
Rebus  of  Thomas  Beckington,    bishop  of  Bath 

and  Wells,  18;  pi.  No.  13. 
Hugh  Sugar,  his  executor,  7,  14,  16 ; 

pi.  No.  2,  No.  7. 
Richard  Swan,  ditto,  7,   14,   16;  pi. 


No.  2,  No.  7. 
Rib  of  groining,  mouldings  of,  43 ;  pi.  No.  40. 
Roche     of    Bromham,    Wilts,     arms    of,    47 ; 

pi.  No.  52. 
Rous,  William,  armiger,  26. 
of    Iraber,     Wilts,    arras    of,    47 ;     pi. 

No.  25. 
Roof,    oak,  ornamental  one    over  a  room,   the 

Vicars'  Close  at  Wells,  22 ;  pi.  No.  25. 
over  the  library  of  the  Vicars'  Close  at 

Wells,  16;  pi.  No.  8. 
vicars'  dwellings  at  Wells,  14 ;  pi.  No.  3. 


manor-house.  Great  Chalfield,  Wilts,  41 ; 

pi.  No.  31. 
banqueting-hall,    Great  Chalfield,  Wilts, 

42;   pi.  No.  32. 
South    Wraxhall,    Wilts, 

65  ;  pi.  No.  69,  No.  70. 
—  original,  over  the  guest-chamber  at  South 


Wraxhall,  65  ;  pi.  No.  70. 


INDEX. 


91 


Roof  over  the  entrance  gateway  at  South  Wrax- 
hall,  Wilts,  63;  pi.  No.  61. 


Screen,  oak,  at  Great  Chalfield,  Wilts,  40,  41, 
44;  pi.  No.  29,  No.  31,  No.  43,  No.  44. 

,  stone,  ditto,  45,  46,    47  ;    pi.  No.    47, 

No.  51,  No.  52. 

at  South  Wraxhall,   Wilts,  61  ;   pi.  No. 


56—57. 
Seat,  oak,  in  church  at  Great  Chalfield,  Wilts, 

47  ;  pi.  No.  53. 
Spire,   small    one    terminating    the   bell-turret, 

church     at    Great     Chalfield,     Wilts,    46 ; 

pi.  No.  50. 
Stables,  presumed  situation  of,  at  South  Wrax- 
hall, Wilts,  61 ;  pi.  No.  56—57. 
Staircase,   leading   to  the  common   hall  of  the 

Vicars'  Close  at  Wells,  13,  18;  pi.  No.   1, 

No.  13,  No.  14. 
elevation    of,   20; 


pi.  No.  18  —  19. 


tion  of,  22  ;  pi.  No.  25. 


longitudinal     sec- 


transverse    section 


of,  20;  pi.  No.  21. 
of  the  vicars'  dwellings  at  Wells,  14; 


pi.  No.  3. 
at  Great  Chalfield  manor-house,  Wilts, 


40;  pi.  No.  29. 
at  South  Wraxhall  manor-house,  Wilts, 


62  ;  pi.  No.  56—57. 
Stillington,  bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells,  his  arms, 

9,  16;  pi.  No.  7. 
Strawberry- leaf    ornament    on    oriel    window, 

Great  Chalfield,  Wilts,  42  ;  pi.  No.  35. 
Sugar,  Hugh,  alias  Norris,  LL.D.,  treasurer  of 

Wells,   executor  of  Bishop   Beckington,    7, 

7,t7.: 

,  his    arms,   or    rebus,    14,    16 ; 

pi.  No.  2,  No.  7. 
,  his  chantry  chapel,  now  existing 


in  W^ells  Cathedral,  built  by  William  Bocat, 
his  executor,  7.t 


Sugar,  Hugh,  notice  of  his  life,  7.t 

Swan,  Richard,  precentor  of  Wells,  executor  of 

Bishop  Beckington,  7,  7,*  7.1 
,  his  arms,  14,  16;  pi.  No.  2,No.7. 


Terriers  of  the  living  of  Great  Chalfield, 
Wilts,  35.* 

Tomb:  an  altar-tomb  in  the  chantry  chapel  of 
Corsham  Church,  Wilts,  to  the  memory  of 
Thomas  Tropenell,  Esq.  and  his  wife,  the 
projector  of  the  manor-house  at  Great  Chal- 
field, Wilts,  47,  48  ;  pi.  No.  54. 

:  an  altar-tomb,  supposed  to  the  memory 

of  the  widow  of  Henry  Longe,  Esq.  of  South 
Wraxhall,  Wilts,  in  the  church  at  South 
Wraxhall,  54.      Woodcut. 

Tower,  Vicars'  Close,  Wells,  18;  pi.  No.  13. 

Trevellyan,  Sir  John,  of  Nettlecombe  Hall, 
Wiveliscombe,  in  the  county  of  Somerset, 
his  arms,  8,  8.* 

Tropenell,  arms  of,  42,  43,  44,  45,  46,  47,  48  ; 
pi.  No.  32,  No.  37,  No.  39,  No.  40,  No.  51, 
No.  52,  No.  54. 

,  motto   of,  31,  44,  48;    pi.  No.  45. 


No.  54. 


-,  pedigree  of,  27,  28,  29,  30,  31. 

-,  Thomas,   26,  44,   46,   47,   48,  53, 


53.t 


,  his  motto,  31,  44,  48. 

,  projector     of    the     manor- 
house  at  Great  Chalfield,  Wilts,  31. 
,  his  tomb  inCorsharaChurch, 


Wilts,  47,  48  ;  pi.  No.  54. 

Trotraan,  .loceline.     See  Joceline  de  Welles. 

Trowbridge  Castle,  dispute  about  the  constable- 
ship,  formerly  belonging  to  the  manor  of 
Great  Chalfield,  24,  26. 


Vicars  choral   attached  to  the   choir   of  Wells 

Cathedral,    chantry  priests    so     styled    by 

Bishop   Joceline  de  Welles,    first    ordainecj 
by  him,  1,1.* 


92 


INDEX. 


Vicars  choral,  located  in  common  by  Walter 
de  Hulle,  subdean  of  Wells,  1334,  I. 

,  incorporated  by  Ralph  of  Shrews- 
bury, bishop  of  Wells,  1347  ;  and  a  new 
college  for  their  residence  built  by  him,  2. 

— ^— ^— — —  ,  endowed  with  lands  obtained  by 


him  from  the  feoffees  of  Walter  de  Hulle, 
together  with  a  yearly  charge  upon  the  vicar- 
age of  Chew,  2. 
,   further    benefited    by     Bishop 


Beckington,  5;  and  his  executors,  7. 
,  constituted    a    body    corporate 


and   politic    by   Queen   Elizabeth,  9 ;    their 
numbers  restricted  by  her  to  twenty,  1 1. 

,  their  dwellings  described,  14 — 

16;    and  illustrated    in  pi.   No.   2,   No.   3, 
No.  4,  No.  5,  No.  6,  No.  7. 
Vicars'  Close  at  Wells,  Somersetshire,  historical 

account  of  the,  1 — 12. 
,  descrip- 
tion of  twenty-six  Plates  illustrative  of  the, 
13—22,  viz. 

I. general  ground-plan,  13;  pi. 

No.  1. 

II. — VI.* the  vicars'  dwellings,  14 — 16  ; 

pi.  No.  2—7. 

VII. — XI. the      chapel      and      library, 

16—18;  pi.  No.  8—12. 

XII. — XXV. the    common-hall,    entrance 

gateway,   and  the  chain- 
gate,    18 — 22;    pi.    No. 
13—26. 
— ^— — — — — ^-^ ,  statutes  and  or- 


dinances of,  made  by  Ralph  of  Shrewsbury, 
bishop  of  Wells,  2  ;  Appendix  II. 

,  first  founded  by 


ditto,  2. 


lands  by  ditto,  2. 


,  endowed     with 

,  a  yearly 

chargeon  the  vicarage  of  Chew,  2. 
•,  original   design 


of,  few  traces  left  of,  3. 


W 

Walter  de  Hulle,  subdean  of  Wells,  1334  ;  arch- 
deacon of  Bath,  1342;  endowed  the  Vicars' 
Close  with  lands,  1. 

,  feoffees  of,  2,  2.|| 

Warner,  the  Rev.  Richard,  rector  of  Great 
Chalfield,  Wilts,  33,  36,  36.t 

Water-tables,  63  ;  pi.  No.  62. 

of  buttresses,  at  Biddeston,  Wilts, 

71  ;  pi.  No.  75. 

,  Great    Chalfield, 

43  ;  pi.  No.  40. 

Wells,  the  arms  of  the  see  of,  9,  19;  pi. 
No.  16. 

at    the    Vicars'    Close    at   Wells,    13; 

pi.  No.  1. 

Wicket  in  the  door.  Great  Chalfield  manor- 
house,  Wilts,  39,  41  ;  pi.  No.  31. 

William  of  Wickham,  patron  of  Beckington,  20. 

Window  of  the  church  of  St.  Peter  at  Biddeston, 
Wilts,  71  ;  pi.  No.  76. 

of  the  porch  of  the  church  of  St.  Peter, 

at  Biddeston,  71  ;  pi.  No.  75. 

— — — ,  square-headed,  remains  of  one  under 
corbelling  of  octagonal  oriel  window,  Great 
Chalfield,  Wilts,  42,  43  ;  pi.  No.  37. 

,  west,  of  the  church,  Great  Chalfield, 

Wilts,  46  ;  pi.  No.  50. 

of  the  drawing-room  at  South  Wrax- 


hall,  remarkable   for  its   immense  size,  64 ; 

pi.  No.  64,  No.  71. 
of  the  bay  of  the  hall  at  South  Wrax- 

hall,  Wilts,  64;  pi.  No.  66. 

Great  Chalfield,  Wilts,  42  ;  pi.  No.  36. 

of  the  hall  at  South  Wraxhall,  Wilts, 


64  ;  pi.  No.  67. 
Great   Chalfield,    Wilts,   41,   42;    pi. 


-,  grants  to,  4,4.* 


No.  31,  No.  36. 
Windows,  of  the  original  design  of  the  Vicars' 

Close  at  Wells,  three  remaining,  3,   19,  20, 

21  ;  pi.  No.  15,  No.  22,  No.  23. 
chapel  of  the  Vicars'  Close  at 

Wells,  coeval   with  the  original   design,  3, 

17;  pi.  No.  11. 


INDEX. 


93 


Windows  of  the  vicars'  dwellings  at  Wells,  14, 
15 ;  pi.  No.  2,  No.  4,  No.  5,  No.  6. 

library   of  the   Vicars'    Close, 

Wells,  17;  pi.  No.  11. 

vicars'  gallery  over  the  chain- 


gate,  Wells,  20 ;  pi.  No.  20. 
banqueting-hall  at  Great  Chal- 


field,  Wilts,  41,  42  ;  pi.  No.  31,  No.  36. 
bays  of  ditto,  42  ;  pi.  No.  36. 


Worthington,  Richard,  unjustly  and  privily  in- 
stalled precentor  of  Wells,  by  Hugh  Sugar, 
the  treasurer,  but  afterwards  admitted,  V.f 

Wraxhall,  South,  Wilts,  historical  account  of 
the  manor-house,  49 — 61. 


Wraxhall,  South,  Wilts,  description  of  seven- 
teen Plates  illustrative  of,  61-66  ;  pi.  No.  55 
— 71,  viz. 

I. perspective  view,  61 ;  pi.  No.  55. 

II.— III. ground-plan,   61,  62;    pi.   No. 

56—57. 

IV.— V.  first-floor  plan,  62  ;  pi.  No.  58 

—59. 

VI. — IX. the  entrance-gateway,  63  ;    pi. 

No.  60—63. 

X.— XVI.  the    banqueting-hall,    &c.    64, 

65  ;  pi.  No.  64 — 70. 
XVII. perspective  view  of  the  drawing- 
room,  65,  66;  pi.  No.  71. 


THE   END. 


LO.NDON  : 

PRINTED  BY  MOVES  AXD  BARCLAY,  CASTLE  STREET,  LEICESTER  SQUARE. 


DOMESTIC     AXCHITECT-JH-E. 


GerveraZ 

OR.OUND-  PLA^' 

VICAILS'-CI-O  S  E, 
WELL  S . 

BY 
rHOMAS      LARKlirS      WALKER. 

ARCHITECT. 

jee.  Greac&ufseli  Streei. 

£loom^iiLQ : 

LONZIOir. 

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4 


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ARCHITECTURE. 


l^aits  at  large  '-^  full  siap. 


/ 

^ 

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' 

Sketched  and  ll<:a3ured  by  Aug^.  V.Pui^iii. 


Tho!L. Walter  At 
"'^nls-  fff  i^^:  Oallery    over  £he  CAztui-  -  GaU  &  J^edai/s- 


Drawn  lyy  G.BA'- 


T.Bury  sculpr" 


miOSlE  R  TEC      ARC  nETRCTUKlK, 


Sketched  anJ.  Measured,  "by  Au.g!  W.Pugm 


Tho*  L. "Walker.  Aict!  direct 


Dcavm  "bv-  G.  B  -WoUaston.. .  T.T  Buxy.  sciilp* 


C  OMMON     HALL. 

Nfl.Fxterwr  a7id,^Z./rUeri/>r  MUvattans.  IlfS.Sectzon.  zh-ou^/i  .'£nt7>:  of  Wmdew.  wtxk  details 

Londc«.June,1836.Fublishca.l)y  the  A-atlior.Tho!  L. Walker.  Arcb^al hi-  nufeell  Street.Blooms' 


UOMSSTIC      JtRiL'  EHITK-TTURE 


SVe-uchei  and  Meas-m:ed"by  A-j.^;'  WPagm. 


Tho*  L  Walker  ArcK^  dires* 


COMMON    HA. 

.^  ^.sUon.  £levaizcrt.  a/ui  d- 


Dravm.'by  G  B  ■Wollaston— T  T  Bruy  sculp" 


U- udoa. June.  1836. ■publislied.'bx-  the  Au.thor,Tho!  L-Walker.Ai 


DOME  STIC     ARCHlTErTURE. 


Fannel  under  "Window  of  Ante -room.  (See  pL  17-18  I 


^iannel  in  Groining' of  Archway  over  the  Road. 


ct  'ie  GroinJag  o£  Eoich  trf  Grand.  Staircase   54  Inch  *^  a  fo 


Ske'^hei  and  Measured  by  Aug!  W.^ugia 


rho"  L  .■\Valket.  Aichl  direz?. 

*?";tc^iK.s'  (DX®gS9  wsr^z-Ss 

C  OMMOir    ■■  ■  ■  ' 
FanneU  and  Details 


Drawn  ty  G-.  B  .WcOlastcai.  _T.T.Bur7:  sculp' 


ell  Strcet.BloomsT 


te^ 


^3 


DOME  STIC        AKCHITECTrHE. 


.  tvny-  biffckai  ftp  ^'  J&dem  Bua^fs. 


Ske^'h."  d.  Measured  &  Drawn  tj-  Tho^  L  V/alkex  Arch' 


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^^letoaed  U^a3ured'^':Drav.ii  tj  Thc^L.Vrelker.  Arab* 


'i.rfi  'iY. 


MKSTIC      ARC-MlTKCTUItK. 


.*-:  M-Tii  tj  IL,,'l,'W(iIkvr  /■ 


E<'HIT>:  fTCRK. 


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AUCHITE  CTURE. 


Skeiched  &  Measured  by  Thof  LU''aiker.  Arch: 


London.  Ritlislied 


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DOMESTIC      ARCHITECTURE. 


Sketch-ed  (S:  Measured  ty  Vho^  }.WaXWer.  Arch"^ 


Drawn  by  J.  Priohaxd  —  T.T.Buijr.    scuip^ 


:AK"02t    JE0BSE,    G-H-KAT     C  M^- 


nOMESTIC      AHCHITECTirSK. 


I  ^ 


Sketched  A  Measured  hy  Th.o?  L.V/alker.  AKh: 


Drawn,  by  John  Prichflxd 


HCAHOR    H®irSEp   S-^SAX    CX-A.:. 


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J  H.Le  KoTTx.  sculp* 


13-]RI3J.T    C  SrA]LF:[  IS  !.»,  WILTS, 
77i<f  Sicne  Screen  of  the  Chapel 


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!  Rufsoil  street,  BlofMns^ 


EfCLESIASTICAl.      AU  rHITErXmE. 


X^tk 


I  look;r. 

pi'.ri 


-ketclied  A  Measured  bv  1  r.r  ; 


i.Desk,  and.J)et£uls.     :.  and  Docu/s 


London.  Published  May  1637.  by  Ihe-Aulhor  Ti. 


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Skevdied  A  Measured  bj  Tlio?LWalk(!r  Aldl' 


r^ 


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, ,.   .<   2«.  the  Sntrance  ffaanay. 


i.>^>i"  ot  his    Office  S.Kepp"'    ^*rv**>t   FMtkeli  S'ni.'ir^ 


DOME  STIC       ARCTITTK  CTTTRT:. 


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r  H.Le  Keux.  scalp^ 


London  Published  /■--■'.  '^''^  ^r-"  •>-   -.-.-v- 


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LONG  innpalmg  CAR.1JE 


Scale  01  ^rt 


^^ 


uea. 


;r?  -S-. 


Sketched  ArMefi-sured.  by  Tho?L  Vralker.  Aroii' 


Dra-wn  bj  J- Pnchard  _,."  K  !>'  I> 
lANOK.     EOBTSE,    SOITTH     'WK.AXH ALI.^   WILTS. 

-:-^.Sa&-NSS.Transv£rseSatwn,of:D?^K'3.Seaion,ofN'.V.Sco/.-X'  '  '  TT.S^'. 

ea  ..-,;■  -  ^-  -he  Author  Tho? L.Walker,  Areh^  a*   ^-.^   Ar^^^    ?  :r„„„„i    c:-^^^.    7 


i^o 


ched  <«: Measured  by  Tho!L, Walker,  Arch! 

MAK€>B8.     MOIO'SE,    S  O  IIITIH     "WK.A3C 

London   Intlished  Apnl.  1938.  ty  Ihe  Attthor.  Tho? L .Waller.  A: 


Drawn  by  E  WToimg JH.' 

ffilAlXi;  "WZLT  S. 

".  Keppel  Street,  RufseU  Square, 


Scale    of    ( r 


^23 


:i=^ 


J--,:. 


Skeviied  A  Measured,  ty  Tbo^LV/allsBr.  Acdi" 


-  -jj  34  - 


u 


'^ 


^^^^ 


J 


Chsncel 

*^         pulled  down 


: 1 1 r f  rr       £ 


Londcm,  Patlished  1838.  lij'  the  Author.  Tho?L.'Walker.  Arch*; : 


AUfseH  Sjoaie- 


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looHng  dcfwn.  |    loolmi^  down. 


DrH-'.T.  or  ':.    "■'/  "lo^r^ 


3  r  n'  ^  s  s ::  '3  XT  IE    c  :k  : 


'7::xt; 


.3  Office  S.Kcfpel  Street  HuCsell  Square. 


?:cci.esiast:c,'.t.  ABCUiTiiCTi'ST; . 


!   fff 


ewhed  A  Meis-ired  V  rao^L^'-alkcr,  Arjli: 


ATch 


"  »i^S^^^>'Abung.--J.H.I«  Keoi,  sculp- 


BIB®  K  STOHE     C  MCTB.  C  3E,  W  I JCT  S  , 

...^,.._r,  .-oxiriu  his  OfHcc.  2.  Kcppd  Saeet.Rii&en  SqMre. 


londDB.  RibUshal  April  1838.  V  d"  -^thor  . 


,  T  r  T/r:'y'='     f- 3t  TO"  58.  C  HI  5  "^^r: 


■ed  intc  a-  Cka/ury  Chapec 


London .  Ptitlishcd  April  1836.1j7tlie  Author.  Tho^L'V/Rlker.ATCTr- 


33^-55 
v3 


TH£  GETTY  CErjTE:= 
LIBRARY 


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