Exercises connected with the one hundredth anniversary of the Second Presbyterian church of Charleston, S.C., 1809-1909

S«.PCRE2S8B5VT!;iAM7CS°eLL2E'CE LlM?lTA

3 5197 00101448 2

im»

y

w<&

BXEBCISBS

CONNECTED

wrra

THE ONE HUNDREDTH
ANNIVERSARY

OP THR

SECOND PRESBYTERIAN

CHURCH

OF

CHARLESTON, S. C

Smyth Collec-Hon

LIBRARY

PRESBYTERIAN COLLEGE
OF SOUTH CAROLINA

Se. S o-7^B

I .

Digitized by the Internet Archive

in 2010 with funding from

Lyrasis Members and Sloan Foundation

http://www.archive.org/details/exercisesconneOOseco

THE SECOND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH,

Founded 1809.

Photograph by Lanneau, Charleston, 1909.

I 809 I 909

EXERCISES

CONNECTED
WITH

THE ONE HUNDREDTH
ANNIVERSARY

OF THE

SECOND PRESBYTERIAN

CHURCH

OF

CHARLESTON, S C.

THE DAQQETT PRTQ 00. OMASN. • C.

1910.

The Course of Exercises in Celebration

of the

Centennial Anniversary

of the

Founding of The Second Presbyterian Church*

P-

DURING the week beginning Sunday, May 2nd, in the
year of Our Lord, 1909, the Congregation of the Sec-
ond Presbyterian Church, of Charleston, South Car-
olina, directed by its pastor, the Rev. John Keir Geddie Fraser,
D. D., celebrated the One Hundredth Anniversary of the
founding of that church.

These services of celebration began on Sunday, continuing
through the week, and embraced in their course every depart-
ment of the Church.

SUNDAY.

The opening service, on Sunday, May 2nd, at 11 A. M., was
conducted by the pastor, the Rev. Dr. Fraser, to the introduc-
tion of the speaker, the Rev. Dr. J. Thompson Plunkett, of
the First Presbyterian Church, of Augusta, Georgia, a nephew
of Dr. Thomas Smyth, former pastor of the Second Church,
who delivered the Centennial Sermon. Dr. Plunkett dwelt
with uncommon eloquence upon the essentially religious and
spiritual character of the Presbyterian Church, its ancient
organized system, and the distinctive tenets of Presbyterian-
ism.

At 4 o'clock, in the afternoon, the scholars of the Sunday
School, gathering in the adjacent school building, marched
thence to the Church, where at 4:30 P. M., the Sunday School
celebration was held. The especial features of the service
were an Historical Sketch of the School, prepared by Mr.
Richard W. Hutson, and an historical address, on Sunday
Schools Past and Present, by Mr. Francis Fleetwood Whilden,

of Columbia. South Carolina, formerly a member of the Second
Congregation, and for years efficient superintendent of the
Sunday School.

At 8:30 o'clock, in the evening, a service of uncommon in-
terest followed, the Historical Record of the Church being then
considered in a paper compiled and delivered by the Hon.
J. Adger Smyth, Leading Elder of the Church, and for over
twenty years President of its Business Corporation.

On this day, May 2nd, there were no services at Westminster
Presbyterian Church, that congregation having accepted the
invitation of the Second Church* to join in their centennial
services for the day. At the First, (or Scotch), Presbyterian
Church, the senior congregation of the City, at 11, in the morn-
ing, services were conducted by the Pastor, Dr. Alexander
Sprunt, with celebration of the sacrament of the Lord's Supper.
In the evening regular service was omitted that the congrega-
tion of the First Church might unite with the Second.

MONDAY.

On Monday evening, May 3rd, the Educational Work of the
Church was emphasized, and the congregation were thanked
explicitly by the official representative of the Southern Pres-
byterian Church for their efficiency in this branch of church
endeavor. The distinguishing features of the services were
the address by Rev. H. H. Sweets, Secretary of the Churoh
Board of Ministerial Education, and a review of the work done
by the Ladies' Education Society of the Southern Presby-
terian Church, prepared by Miss Sarah Ann Smyth, and read
by Mr. Horatio Hughes, Jr.

TUESDAY.

Tuesday, May 4th, the services continued, considering the
Missionary Activities of the Church. A very carefully compiled
paper, by Mrs. Mary McD. Stickney, on the Missionary Work
of the Second Presbyterian Church, was read by Mr. L. Cheves
McCord Smythe. The Rev. J. 0. Reavis, D. D., Secretary of
the Board of Foreign Missions of the Southern Presbyterian
Church, made, also, one of the most inspiring addresses ever
heard in a Charleston house of worship, discussing the world-
field of the Southern Presbyterian Church. Dr. Reavis brought

First Pastor of the Second Presbyterian Church

of Charleston, S. C.

1809-1820.

From a Lithograph Portrait, published by W. Kennan, (date unknown), after the
Original Painting by Thomas Sully, 1812.

to the congregation expressions of good will from the Execu-
tive Committee of Foreign Missions.

WEDNESDAY.

On Wednesday night, May 5th, the congregation met as a
social body in a reception at the Manse, in Pitt Street, and were
received by the pastor, his wife, the elders and their wives, and
several committees of reception, the Hon. J. Adger Smyth,
J. N. Robson, W. S. Allan, Robt. E. Seabrook, John Robson,
Edwin F. Miscally, Horatio Hughes; Mrs. Adger Smyth, Miss
Sarah M. Robson, Mrs. W. S. Allan, Mrs. R. E. Seabrook, Mrs.
John Robson, Mrs. E. F. Miscally, Mrs. Horatio Hughes, Mrs.
R. W. Hutson, Miss S. A. Smyth, and the young ladies' com-
mittee on reception, Misses Margaret Moffett, Martha E. Knox,
Mary Brailsford, Cecile Edgerton, Amey Allan, Hattie McGee,
Jane Prince, Fanny McNeill. J. Adger Smyth, Esq., acted as
Master of Ceremonies; Mrs. R. W. Hutson as chairman of the
refreshment committee.

The evening's particular ceremony was most picturesque,
and unique in church annals: the lighting of memorial candles
upon a large and singular cake: two broad layers superposed;
upon the upper layer a model of the Second Presbyterian
Church, in careful architectural detail, prepared by baker and
confectioner; around this model circled seven candles memo-
rial to the Church's Seven Pastors; and below, again encircling
the church and the pastoral tapers, one hundred wax-candles,
to represent the century of the Church's life. The candles
representative of the Seven Pastors were in every case, where
possible, lighted by the hand of a direct or collateral descendant
of the pastor thus memorialized, or by some descendant of a
contemporary church official or elder; thus Rev. Andrew Flinn
was represented by Miss Susan Smyth Flinn, of Columbia, S. C,
a great-grand niece; Rev. Dr. Boies by Miss Susan McGee,
honorary; Dr. T. Charlton Henry by Miss Elizabeth Adger,
honorary; Rev. Dr. Ashmead by his great-grand-daughter,
Miss Margie Pringle; Rev. Dr. Thomas Smyth by Miss S. A.
Smyth, his daughter; Dr. Gilbert A. Brackett by his daughter

Note: The original portrait by Thomas Sully, from which the lithograph by
Kennan was made, is now in possession and care of John A. Dickson, Esq., of
Morganton, N. C. ; it is the property of Mr. Andrew Flinn Dickson, Jr., a great-
grand-son of Dr. Flinn.

Mrs Gertrude Brackett Fitzgerald, of Somerset County, Mary-
land; Rev. Dr. J. K. G. Fraser, the pastor, by Mrs. Isabel C.
Fraser, his wife. The one hundred candles, representing the
years of the Church's activity, were lighted by young girls
of the congregation: Misses Marian Miller, Lida King, Jessie
Bolger, Bessie Meggett, Gertrude Frampton, Annie Frampton,
Dora Howe, Hattie McGee, Cecile Edgerton, Elsie Warren, and
Miss Annie W. McDermid. Pieces of this memorial cake were
packed and forwarded to every member of the congregation
who, by absence from Charleston, or otherwise, were unable to
be present, either within the State, or beyond it.

Also in attendance were Rev. Dr. Alexander Sprunt, of the
First, (Scotch), Presbyterian Church; Mr. Paul Langley, of Hal-
ifax, Nova Scotia; Mr. and Mrs. Ernest Pringle; Mr. and Mrs.
George W. Williams; Mr. and Mrs. J. C. Dillingham; Mrs.
Richard H. Allan; Mr. and Mrs. J. R. Hanahan, Mr. John
Faber.

THURSDAY.

Thursday evening, May 6th, the Business Corporation of the
Church assumed its part of the celebration. The News and
Courier of that date says : ' ' The Second Presbyterian Church has
been a force for good and for morality in the community dur-
ing the century of her life. It was deemed fitting that oppor-
tunity should be given to all classes of people in the City to
express their appreciation of her influence and of what she
has done. ' ' To this end representatives of all forms of relig-
ious belief were invited to speak to the Congregation; and a
cordial invitation to attend was officially extended to all
church-going citizens of the community, irrespective of creed.
The Hon. J. Adger Smyth, President of the Business Corpora-
tion of the Church, presided, introducing the speakers. The
principal address of the evening was that of the venerable and
venerated Dr. Charles S. Vedder, D. D., of the French Protes-
tant, (Huguenot), Church of Charleston. On the part of other
religious organizations of the community addresses were made
by:

Rev. Alexander Sprunt, D. D., of the Scotch Church,
representing the Presbyterian congregations of the City.

The Right Rev. W. A. Guerry, D. D., of the Protestant
Episcopal Church.

Rev. M. G. G. Scherer, D. D., of St. Andrews' Lutheran
Church, Wentworth Street.

Rev. Howard L. Jones, D. D., of the Citadel Square Baptist
Church.

The Rev. Peter Stokes, of Trinity Methodist Episcopal

Church.

The Rev. G. S. Butler, of the Congregational, (Circular),

Church.

The Rev. Barnett Abraham Elzas, of Hasell Street Syna-
gogue, representing the Jewish congregations of Charleston.

The Rev. C. M. Gray, of the Unitarian Church.

Dr. Vedder's reminiscent, feeling, and informal talk, filled
with earnest emotion, deeply touched all auditors, and, in his
account of a life-long friendship with Dr. Gilbert Brackett,
there were few dry eyes in the Second Church congregation, —
class-mates in young manhood, at Columbia, S. C, Seminary,
as those two truly holy men had been, and of friendship con-
tinuous and unbroken for forty-nine years.

Bishop Guerry, of the Protestant Episcopal Church, made an
eloquent appeal for closer church relationship. Then followed
in succession, the leaders of the various churches of the City;
Lutheran, Jewish, Congregational, Methodist, Unitarian, Bap-
tist and Presbyterian succeeding each the other, and extending
the right hand of God-fearing fellowship to the Congregation.
A letter from the Right Rev. Bishop Northrop, Cathedral of
St. John, Charleston, regretting his unavoidable, necessary
absence in New York City, was read at close of this unusual
communion of creeds.

The News and Courier, of Friday, the 7th of May, said, con-
cerning this service: "The exercises at the Second Presbyterian
Church, last night, were of a character that cannot well be de-
scribed. Possibly never in the history of the City has there been
such a gathering of varied religious beliefs on a common ground.
All churches of the City were represented, and united in their
good wishes to the Congregation as they start on their New
Century of Life. " " It is impossible to give a detailed account
of the proceedings, or even to attempt to quote from the ad-
dresses of the different ministers. All who were present felt
that they were indeed on hallowed ground, and that the occa-
sion truly marked a step forward to the better understanding
of the different forms of faith, and their mutual co-operation."

8

FRIDAY.

Friday night, May 7th, at 8:30 o'clock, the Congregation
assembled for services preparatory to the celebration of the
sacrament of the Lord's Supper on Sunday morning, May 9th.
The preparatory sermon was by the Rev. Wm. P. Jacobs, of
Thornwell Orphanage, a former member of the Church Congre-
gation and scholar in her Sunday School.

THE MUSIC.

At the close of the Centennial Week's exercises especial
thanks were given Miss Virginia Tupper, organist of the Church,
for the high standard of the music rendered, and to those of the
regular church choir who faithfully shared in its effective pro-
duction: Mrs. J. B. Lanneau, Mrs. Hampton Smith, Mrs. H.
Shackelford, Mrs. W. L. Millar, Miss Janie Prince, Miss Louise
Prince, Mrs. Twietmann, Mrs. John Bennett, Messrs. Benj.
Aldret, W. Lawrence Millar, L. Cheves McC. S my the; and Mr.
W. L. Lucas, assisting; as well as, also, to Mrs. C. B. Huiet,
Mrs. Robt. Seabrook, Miss Katherine Moreland, Miss Whitney,
and Mr. John Matthew, soloists, for their heartily appreciated
assistance.

The hymns lor the opening service were selected by Dr.
Plunkett with especial fitness to his topic; those for the other
services were chosen with equal appropriateness by the Pastor,
Dr. Fraser. The music for the Sunday School celebration was
selected by the superintendant, T. Allan Legare, in conference
with Miss Sarah R. Smyth.

THE CLOSE.

The Annual picnic of the Church Congregation and Sunday
School was made part of the Centennial celebration, and took
place, the following Saturday, May 15th, at Ingleside, those
attending — 'twas a great number — being conveyed to and from
the picnic-ground by special trains.

The celebration was brought to a fitting close on Sunday,
May 16th, in a "post-centennial sermon" by Dr. Fraser.
This service was of unusual significance as marking the close
of exercises in celebration of one hundred years of a Church's
religious course. In the previous services the congregation
were asked to look backward over the pages of their past his-

tory; at this service the pastor exhorted them spiritedly to face
the future, earnestly considering what lay before them in a
New Century of Spiritual Activity and Life.

To this service, as to all services, all strangers in the City
and members of other religious organizations were cordially
invited and made welcome.

On the closing service the News & Courier of Saturday,
May 15th, commented thus: "Since Dr. Fraser has had charge
of this church he has won his way to the front rank of the
preachers of the City. His sermons are always of the most
thoughtful type, and he will doubtless now give his people
fresh encouragement as they take up their work again for a
New Century. ' '

THE COMMITTEES IN CHARGE.

The more than common felicity which characterized the
several various exercises of the centenary week, is, for the great
part, to be credited to the several Committees in charge, who
had spent a year in perfecting their plans.

The personnel of these several Committees was as follows:

Men's Executive, No. I: — R. W. Hutson, R. M. Masters,

T. A. Legare, A. G. C. McDermid, W. W. Clement, W.

McL. Frampton, H. C. Robertson, Chas. P. McGee.
Woman's Executive, No. II: — Miss Sarah Ann Smyth, Mrs.

Mary McD. Stickney, Mrs. J. G. Morris, Miss Amey N.

Allan, Miss Jessie Butler.
Advisory Committee, No. Ill: — J. Adger Smyth, Augustine

T. Smythe, J. N. Robson, R, E. Seabrook, Geo. H. Mof-

fett. Horatio C. Holies,
is^

The several members of the Congregation assigned the prep-
aration of historical addresses shunned no labor, and the in-
teresting facts established by their patient research are es-
teemed to be of great value for reference and information in
the future.

The general membership of the Congregation had done its
utmost in preliminary, and laid its heart most cordially to the
conducting work: the exercises thus were the result of a united
Church's wisely and moderately directed activity.

It has been deemed expedient herewith to reproduce in full

10

all the historical papers prepared for this centennial occasion,
and the addresses which in their material complete the fuller
import and broader significance of the occasion, namely:
Dr. J. T. Plunkett's Centennial Sermon; the Hon. J. Adger
Smyth's historical sketch of the Church; Mr. R. W. Hutson's
Sketch of the Sunday School; Mr. F. F. Whilden's historical
address; Miss Smyth's review of the work of the Southern
Presbyterian Ladies' Education Society; Mrs. Mary McD.
Stickney's paper upon the Missionary Work of the Second
Presbyterian Church and Dr. Fraser's Post-Centennial Sermon.
Beyond these will be found enlisted, to complete the record
of the Centennial year, the full official organization of the
congregation, a statement of membership, and brief mention of
minor, but noteworthy, because efficient, agencies in Church
conduct: which, it is believed, completes the essential record
of the occasion.

on.1

The Presbyterian Church*

Her History, Her Spirit, Her Teaching and Her

Characteristics,

Centennial Sermon by the Rev. J. Thompson Plunkett, D. D.,

of the First Presbyterian Church,

of Augusta, Georgia.

EXERCISES OF SUNDAY, MAY 2, 1909.

It is good to be here. It is good to stand on the splendid
vantage ground of a hundred years of history, and, placing
our eyes to the telescope of the Divine vision, look backward
over the records of the century whose days have been but
numbered. As we do so devoutly and earnestly, many wonder-
ful things shall meet our view and our vision shall not be in
vain if we are deeply moved to an abiding devotion to our
risen Lord, and are stirred to greater activity in seeking to
hasten the day of His glorious appearance.

The object of this gathering is to celebrate the centennial
anniversary of this individual church, and I bring you con-
gratulations upon your attainment of the venerable age of one
hundred years, "while your bow still abides in strength." I
congratulate you on having lived through the most important
century since the beginning of the Christian era. The century
which throbbed with the spirit of the years to come "yearn-
ing to mix itself with life." The century just closed was
crowded with records of inventions, discoveries and progress.
One hundred years ago Eli Whitney was giving to the world
his first cotton gin. Now myriads of improved mills ring with
the hum of marvellous machinery and pulsating as if instinct
with life. One hundred years ago Benjamin Franklin had but
recently discovered electricity. Now that subtle agent lights
our cities, delivers our messages at home and across the sea and
turns the machinery of the world. One hundred years ago
the United States was among the smallest nations of the earth,
now it stands at the forefront, having eighty millions of
population with an international influence reaching around the
globe and able to dictate laws to the entire world.

12

It was a century of conflict between the forces of moral
light and moral darkness. Its years were seared with violent
out-breaks of forces natural and forces supernatural. In the
early morning of that eventful century this communion was or-
ganized and in all the changes of this one hundred years God
has preserved this communion intact, and with assurances
of His continued direction and blessing our hearts overflow
with thankfulness, and we break forth into singing:

I love Thy Church, O God,

The house of Thine abode

The Church our blest Redeemer saved,

With His own precious blood.

We say from grateful hearts ' 'not unto us, O Lord, not unto
us, but unto Thy name be all the glory this day for Thy mercy
and Thy truth's sake.' ' The recital of your record as a local
Church is reserved for another and for a more skilful hand.
My office is more general. In scanning the field for a fitting
theme to introduce these centennial exercises, my mind's eye
finally rested upon the Church herself. What more natural
topic, what more timely subject for this hour's thought than
The Presbyterian Church, Her History, Her Spirit, Her Teach-
ing and Her Characteristics .

Presbyterian Church Government.

The word Presbyterian is descriptive of a form of church
government. If I should attempt to state the distinctive
principles of Presbyterian government in a single sentence I
would say it is ecclesiastical republicanism. Republicanism is
defined as being that form of government in which the exer-
cise of Sovereign power is lodged in representatives chosen
by the people. It is distinguished from monarchical govern-
ment on the one hand and from democracy on the other. Re-
publicanism, whether civil or ecclesiastical demands first,
equality of condition. By which is meant, all men are equal
by birth before the law of the Commonwealth. Second, that
the laws are made by all the people acting through their repre-
sentatives. Third, that none are elevated to any state in which
they can legislate independently of their fellows. Fourth, that
no hereditary rank is recognized. Without consuming time in
amplifying these principles, let it be observed as distinguishing
principles of Presbyterian government, 1st. That her govern-
ment is by representatives chosen by the people in convoca-

13

tion assembled. 2nd. These representatives of the people, or
presbyters or elders are of a single order, and are of equal
authority in matters of rule. 3d. These presbyters or elders
rule not singly, but in regularly constituted Courts. These
Courts are four in number and are so graduated that ' 'all pro-
ceedings of the lower Courts are subject to review by, and may
be taken to a higher judicatory by general review and control,
reference, complaint or appeal." Among this series of Courts
the Session, constituted of the pastor and the presbyters or
elders of the local church, is the lowest. To this Session is
entrusted the spiritual government of the congregation. The
Court of the Session is subordinated to a higher Court, called
Presbytery, above the Presbytery again is the Synod, and
above this again is the Supreme Court of the Church, called
the General Assembly. Such, briefly, is the outline of the
Presbyterian system of Church government; and in the princi-
ples laid down it differs from all other forms of Church govern-
ment and its Scripturalness has never been successfuly assailed.

Calvinism=Presbyterianism.

The Presbyterian system of doctrine, broadly stated, is
Calvinism, and in this discussion I shall use the words Calvinism
and Presbyterianism as synonymous, for in essentials the
one is the other. Presbyterianism is essentially Calvinistic
and Calvinism is essentially Presbyterian. As Presbyterians,
we bear the name "Calvinist" proudly, not because John
Calvin originated our doctrines, for we believe God is their
author, but, because John Calvin, after Paul and Augustine,
was their ablest expounder. The system of faith called
Calvinism is not a statement of Calvin's belief alone. It was
not born with Calvin, or even in Calvin's day. The links of
the chain binding this system with the apostolic and pre-
apostolic times are complete. In the valleys of Southern
France, under the very shadows of the Italian Alps, we find
the Waldenses. In history they claim descent from the
apostolic age and decline to be called "Reformed" because,
they say, "We have never been deformed." They claim as
among their ancestors those Christians who fled from Rome
during the persecutions of Nero, possibly some of the apostles
themselves. Those intrepid freemen, those maintainers of the
apostolic form, those martyrs for the truth, held the leading
features of Presbyterian doctrine. Another witness through
the dark ages for the scripturalness of Calvinism, is the Church of
the Culdees in Scotland. Historians agree that the Scots were

14

taught Christianity by the disciples of the Apostle John.
Their churches were called Culdee. The word being, most
probably, a corruption of the Latin words "Culter Dei" —
' 'Worshippers of the true God. " Those Culdees are essentially
Presbyterian. The same general system of faith was held by
John Wickliffe, the "Morning Star of the Reformation," and
also by John Huss and Jerome of Prague, his companions in
faith and martyrdom. Of the great Reformers of the 16th
century it is well known that Luther, Melancthon and Swingle
were all distinctly Calvinistic in their teachings. Passing over
to Great Britain we find Wishart, Cramer, Ridley, Latimer and
Knox, and in short, all the Reformers of any name, both in
North and South Britain, doctrinal Calvinists. Is it not re-
markable that all the great and good men, who took the lead in
the Reformation — men of different languages, habits and prej-
udices; many of them absolute strangers to each other; men
not merely in Geneva, but in Great Britian, France, Germany,
Holland, Switzerland — all, with scarcely an exception, should
become advocates in substance of that system which we de-
nominate Calvinistic? The Presbyterian faith, which we hold,
is no mushroom growth, no frail flower of a day, nor the ex-
pression of a single mind cramped and prejudiced by existing
conditions, but, like the gnarled olive tree of Palestine, its
history has marked the centuries. It has seen human govern-
ments rise, play their parts and pass away. "It is older than
Grecian philosophy ; it saw the rise of the Roman Empire seven
hundred and fifty years before Christ; it antedates Egyptian
civilization, it reaches backward to the times of the Patriarchs,
having its origin in the twilight of history."

It has borne the praise and blame of men and it has worn the
martyr's wreath. From this recital it is seen that the Presby-
terian Church is not the only ecclesiastical body that holds the
Calvinistic system. None, however, will deny that friends and
foes alike award to the Presbyterian Church, as its wreath of
thorns or its diadem of glory, the distinction of being the world's
leading representative of the creed of Calvinism. In this
coronation we rejoice and we would gladly attribute it to the
purity in which we hold the "faith once delivered to the
saints," and the unflinching fidelity with which in every age
we have been ready to champion and die for it.

The Westminster Epitome.

The doctrinal formularies of the Presbyterian Church are
known as the Westminster Standards because the famous body

15

of divines that formulated them held their sessions in grand
old Westminster Abbey. Their labors were accepted after
deliberations that lasted over five years, during which time
over twelve hundred sessions were held. They met in 1643 at a
period in the world's history when the human intellect seems
to have reached the zenith of its power. The era of the West-
minster Assembly was the era of William Shakespear, of the
translation of the English Bible, the era of Francis Bacon. It
was a representative body called by the English Parliament,
and was made up of one hundred and twenty-one divines,
eleven lords, twenty commoners, from all the counties of Eng-
land and the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, with seven
commissioners from Scotland. It was an elect Assembly,
nor were they scholars and theologians alone. Among them
were thinkers of various type, orators, statesmen, hymnists,
saints, men in every way qualified to embody in symbols and
institutions, the intense life of that marvellous spiritual revolu-
tion which we call the Reformation. The doctrinal standards
of the Church are the Westminister Shorter Catechism, the
Westminster Larger Catechism and the Westminster Confession
of Faith. They are not three creeds, they are but three state-
ments varying in form and fulness and purpose of one and the
same creed. Each is a complete epitome of the Presbyterian
or Calvinistic system.

This historic faith marks two fundamental postulates, God, a
triune spirit, infinite, eternal and unchangeable in His being,
wisdom, power, holiness, justice, goodness and truth; man, the
creature made in the image of God, but fallen from his original
state of innocence and blessedness into an estate of sin and
misery. Corrupted by sin throughout his entire nature, ex-
posed to the penalty of God's retributive justice and utterly
and forever unable of himself to merit God 's favor or forgive-
ness. Correlated with these, indeed, flowing naturally out of
them, is God's gracious scheme of atonement and redemption,
determined on in the Divine mind from all eternity, and de-
veloped in the fullness of time by the sending forth of the Son
in the likeness of sinful flesh to be a mediator between God and
man, who moved by infinite love and compassion, took the
place of those whom the Father had given Him and satisfied in
His own person all the demands of the Divine justice against
them. These, it holds, havingbeen from all eternity predestined
unto everlasting life are called out of the world, regenerated by
God's spirit, justified by faith in His Son, adopted into the
divine family, sanctified by the indwelling spirit and kept by

16

the might and power of God against all the wiles of the wicked
one, to eternal life. Such is Calvinism, such is Presbyterian-
ism in broad outline. It lies in solution, as it were, in the
Holy Scriptures. It is crystallized in the great reformed
creeds. Its purest gem is the Westminster Standards found in
the Catechisms and Confessions of Faith of that historic Assem-
bly. Calvinism invites to the study of problems the most abs-
truse and profound which ever engaged the minds of men. It
does not deal with barren negatives. It is a bold, a positive,
and a fruitful system. "It solves all mysteries; it resolves all
doubts touching nature and its phenomena; touching man and
his destiny by its bold assumption of one supreme and eternally
inscrutable mystery."

The Great Traits of the Church.

The Presbyterian Church has been noted for certain great
traits. Among them we notice:

First — Reverence for the Bible and the steady exaltation of its
teachings. From the beginning, Calvinism has emblazoned
upon its banner ' 'The Scriptures — the whole Scriptures of the
Old and New Testaments — the very Word of God." As such
they are the only infallible teacher of what man is to believe
concerning God and what duty God requires of man.

The teachings of traditions, the decrees of councils, the
imperfect readings of nature called science, it has with stead-
fast insistence brought to the Scriptures, and according to
their agreement with this standard have such deliverances
stood or fallen. It demands no interpretation of God more
God-like than God has been pleased to reveal; it demands no
statement more Christian than Christianity or more Christ-
like than Christ. Its single ambition is to be unflinchingly
scriptural, faithfully mirroring the will of God as revealed in
His word. Calvinism has no place or apology for expediency.
It refuses to be led astray by philosophy. The West-
minster divines were consummate masters of philosophy,
but in all the Westminster Standards there is not a
paragraph which affords a hint as to what philosophical school
the Assembly favored. Dr. Fisher, of Yale University, says:
"One prime characteristic of Calvinism is the steadfast, con-
sistent adoption of the Bible as the sole standard of doctrine. "
"We gratefully acknowledge," said the Wesleyan Methodist
Conference in its address to the Presbyterian Alliance, "the
faithful and unfaltering testimony which your Church has
borne through her entire history on behalf of the divine inspi-

17

ration and authority of the Word of God." Said the Baptist
Association in their greeting to the same body: "The Pres-
byterian Church has been the magnificent defender of the
Word of God throughout the ages." Above all others she
has borne, bears now, and will continue to bear on her name
the odium, and upon her person the blows provoked by and
aimed at the Word of God. Humbly, yet proudly, she can
say to her Lord: "The reproaches of them that reproached Thee
fell on me." There are unquestionably hard sayings in the
system, likewise there are hard sayings in the Bible. Some
doctrines for which Presbyterianism stands are among the
hard things to be understood, of which the Apostle Paul
wrote: "This is a hard saying; who can bear it?" May it not
be possible that it is because of its severe scripturalness that
Calvinism never has been, is not, and never will be popular
with a rationalistic, unregenerate world? The offence of the
Word is as undying as the offence of the Cross.

Second Trait. Calvinism has always stressed the sover-
eignty of God. Says Dr. Geo. P. Fisher, of Yale: "The pro-
found sense of the exaltation of God is the key-note of Calvin-
ism." The glory of the Lord, God, Almighty is its unifying,
all prevading principle — the blazing sun and centre of the sys-
tem. It adores God as the absolute and ever blessed Sover-
eign worthy of love, worship and obedience, "who doth up-
hold, direct, dispose and govern all creatures, actions and things
from the greatest even to the least, to the praise of the glory
of His wisdom, power, justice, goodness and mercy." As
one has said, "In all places, in all times, from eternity to eter-
nity Calvinism sees God." God's sovereignty is the lens
through which Calvinism views all other facts. Beginning
with the absolute sovereignty of God, the Calvinist deduces
in a severely logical order all his beliefs. He reasons some-
thing like this: "Granted that God is the absolute Sovereign
over all his intelligent creatures, it would follow that He
would make known His will to them. How He reveals him-
self to other intelligences is not known, but to men it must
be by a verbal revelation, and then, a written revelation, in
order that it may be preserved to all generations. Thus we
are given the necessary revelation and in connection therewith
the dogma of inspiration. In the second place, this Sover-
eign God, being necessarily wise, and having made all things
for His own glory, would have a plan or purpose by which His
sovereignty is exercised, and the ends of His creation insured,
and so we have fore-ordination. Upon this point we contend

18

if there be a God who is and has always been acting upon an
intelligent plan, of which He knew the end from the beginning
— and there must be such a Being, or there is no adequate God
— then all the difficulty alleged against sovereign, uncondi-
tional predetermination goes to the ground. Futhermore,
God being sovereign, and having permitted man, according
to His eternal plan, to fall into sin, He has in accordance with
the same comprehensive and perfect plan further determined
either to save none or all or some of the human race. In the
Scriptures, in which, as we have already seen, we have God's
revealed mind and purpose, we find that from eternity He de-
termined to save some through Jesus Christ, those whom He
had given to Christ, and so we have election. That He did
not determine to save all, signifies that He passed by some, and
thus we have the doctrine of pretention.

Those whom He determined to save, He effectually called.
His Spirit "working in them, convincing them of their sin and
misery, enlightening their minds in the knowledge of Christ,
renewing their wills and persuading and enabling them to em-
brace Jesus Christ, freely offered to them in the Gospel."
Final perseverance of the saints is simply the consequence of
sovereign election to everlasting life."

Moral Distinctions.

From the Presbyterian's conception of the inspiration of
the Bible and this estimate of God there follows certain deduc-
tions. Among these, he holds that God, and God alone, is to be
feared and obeyed. As a consequence of this conviction, there
ever goes a keen appreciation of moral distinctions. Truth,
justice, righteousness and holiness are felt to be of everlasting
obligation. Calvinism is sometimes charged with being aus-
tere, over-strict in its abstinence from worldly pleasure and
standing aloof from various forms of indulgences. It is con-
fessed that Calvinism is hardly such a system as a licentious or
even a self-indulgent, superficial and God-rejecting age would
delight in. This should not surprise us, Calvinism is too hum-
bling to human pride and it calls for too much self-denial not
to invite hostility from unregenerate men and from professed
Christians who have little taste for things spiritual. But
let us judge the tree by its fruits. What has been the acknowl-
edged fruitage of this system? Froude declares that "The Cal-
vinist abhorred, as no other body of men ever abhorred, all
conscious mendacity, all impurity, all moral wrong of every
kind so far as they could recognize it." Says he, "Whatever

19

exists, at this moment in England and Scotland of conscientious
fear of doing evil is the remnant of the convictions which were
branded by the Calvinists into the people's hearts." As illus-
trating the type of character produced by Calvinism, Froude
names "William the Silent, Luther, Knox, Melville, Admiral
Coligny, Cromwell, Milton and Bunyan." "These were men,"
he says, "possessed of all the qualities which give nobility and
grandeur to human nature — men whose lives were as upright
as their intellects were commanding and their public aims un-
tainted with selfishness— unalterably just where duty re-
quired them to be stern, but with the tenderness of a woman
in their hearts; frank, true, cheerful, humorous — as unlike
sour fanatics as it is possible to imagine, and able, in some way
to sound the key-note to which every brave and faithful heart
in Europe instinctively vibrated." Presbyterianism has ever
been pre-eminently associated with the spirit of prayer, of
humble and deep devotion, and has been productive of holy
living and active Christian benevolence.

Presbyterianism's Stand for Education.

From the very beginning John Calvin insisted on the estab-
lishment of public schools . He did not believe that "ignorance
is the mother of piety." Presbyterianism has been characterized
by a high and persistent stand for popular education. Again
in Scotland as early as 1558 John Knox urged that ' 'for the
preservation of religion, schools should be universally erected
in all cities and towns." Side by side with Calvinistic Geneva
and Scotland in the educational vanguard stood Calvinistic
Holland, responding nobly to the memorable words of John
of Nassau, "You must urge upon the States General that
they establish free schools." Common schools were established
all over Calvinistic Holland and Scotland, and the Nether-
lands, and the New England Pilgrims found them there
and brought with them to America the same great system.
Wherever those Pilgrims from Holland and Scotland settled
in the wilds of the New World, there the school house was
built beside the church. Unquestionably in America we are
indebted for the common school to the stream of influence
which flowed from Geneva as the fountain head, through
Scotland and Holland to the American colonies. Not only
so, but the early provision made in this country for higher
education in the academies, "log colleges," and the great
colleges is due largely to Calvinistic influence. The Pres-
byterian Encyclopedia says, "Calvinism has been the source

20

not only of the common school system, as it exists in our own
country, but of almost every one of our earlier colleges and
universities."

History shows that for three hundred years Calvinists were
the leaders of education in this country and Europe. It must
be confessed however, and sadly, that she who was first must
now take the third place. At the present time the great Metho-
dist and Baptist churches are outstripping the Presbyterian in
this matter of education. On this memorable occasion I plead
with our Mother Church that she hasten to renew her zeal in
this great arm of Christian service. Self-preservation demands
it; the solution of the vexed question, "Shall education be
Christian or non-Christian?" is clearly involved. It is impera-
tive because of the undeniable fact that Calvinism is adapted to
introduce into education precisely those influences for which the
hour calls, namely, a sound philosophy, a true teaching concern-
ing God, a sound in doctrination concerning the majesty of the
law, strong moral and ethical character , builded upon the convic-
tion of the absolute sovereignty of God. In the light of our
creeds, in the light of history and existing needs, a call, loud and
strong and imperative, is sounded, that as a Church we take
again the place of recognized and glorious leadership in the
great work of education.

Presbyterianism Evangelistic.

Again, the Presbyterian faith , teaching so strenuously theim-
mutability of the divine decrees, must by logic of that belief be-
come evangelistic in its efforts. One of those decrees declared
of old that the heathen shall be given to the Son for an inher-
itance, and the uttermost part of the earth for His possession,
that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow and that
every tongue should confess that Jesus was the Lord to the
Glory of God, the Father The history of missionary enter-
prise in the world shows the evangelistic spirit has been from
the beginning active and prominent in the Calvinist. In the
sixth century, under the leadership of the Apostle of Cale-
donia, there was established a college and mission station on
the Island of Iona, "which sent out preachers all over Scot-
land, to parts of Britain, France, Germany and Switzerland,
doing more for three centuries to spread the knowledge of
the Gospel than all other agencies combined." About the
middle of the sixteenth century, we read that, "Calvinism en-
tered Geneva, and in thirty years under the inspiration of
her modern apostle, had founded a model Bible Church, trans-

21

formed the whole city, and crystallized a type of Christianity
which became at once expansive and aggressive." Says
Bancroft: "More benevolent to the human race than Solon,
more self-denying than Lycurgus, the genius of Calvin infused
enduring elements into the institutions of Geneva, and made it
for the modern world a mighty agency for evangelization."
"And while the Lutheran Reformation," writes another his-
torian, "travelled very little out of Germany, Calvinism ob-
tained a European character and was accepted in all countries
that received a reformation from without, like France, the
Netherlands, Scotland, and even England."

It made such marvellous progress in France, even in the
face of bitter and relentless persecution, that "within sixty
years after its introduction it had gathered more than two
thousand congregations, some of them having five or six pas-
tors each, and many of them numbering ten thousand com-
municants."

It should not be forgotten that the oldest Protestant miss-
ionary association in the world, excepting the Moravian
brethren "received its charter from William the III, who was
a Calvinist." The Church of Scotland was the first Church
after the reformation to send forth missionaries under its own
appointment. Missionary enterprise in this country received
its earliest impulse in a college that was under the presidency
of a Calvinist. The modern zeal in home missions was born
in our mother Assembly, and by no other Church in propor-
tion to its numbers is the missionary work more vigorously
and successfully prosecuted at home and abroad than by our
own and our sister Assembly at the North. The best proof
of the evangelistic power of Calvinism is furnished in the sin-
gle statement that the Calvinistic is the largest of all the Prot-
estant faiths on the globe. This statement surprises many
of our own people because they forget that many large organ-
izations both in Europe and America, while being Calvinists,
yet are not so styled. They may be called Waldenses, or Bo-
hemian, or Dutch, or they may bear, as many of them do,
nothing more than the title "Reformed," or "Presbyterian,"
but they are all one great family, all truly Calvinistic, and
when the number of adherents of these different branches of
the one family are enumerated it is ascertained that the Cal-
vinistic is by far the largest Protestant communion in Christ-
endom.

22

Calvinism and Civil Liberty.

Finally, Calvinism has made a most important contribution to
civil liberty. It has developed in those people with whom it has
been a creed and life power, those intellectual and moral qual-
ities without which a free government were forever impossible.

The most American thing in all America to-day is the Pres-
byterian Church. A great historian says, "He that will not
honor and respect the influence of Calvin knows but little of
American Independence. ' '

Henry Ward Beecher says: "It has ever been a mystery
to the so-called Liberals, that with what they have considered
the harshly despotic and rigid views and doctrines of the Cal-
vinists, that they should have always been the stanchest
and bravest defenders of freedom. ' ' The result is not strange
to the Calvinist himself, but it is rather the inevitable result
of his principles.

Beginning with the postulate that all men are equal before
the law of God, the inference is easy that all men are equal
before the law of man, hence there emerges to view the great
axiom of modern democracy, that all men are created equal
and vested with certain inalienable rights. This conviction
even among the humblest born who cherished it, developed
a feeling of pride, a sense of dignity and worth that enabled
them when occasion demanded to out-face the pride of nobles
and kings. "It transformed the hind into a hero, and when
the days of fighting came it filled the armies of Conde, of Wil-
liam the Silent, and of Cromwell with yeomen, artisans and
shopkeepers fit to stand before the chivalry of Europe."
Another principle of Calvinism which has made an important
contribution to civil liberty is its teachings concerning the
freedom of conscience. "That God only is Lord of the con-
science and hath left it free from the doctrines and command-
ments of man, which are in anything contrary to His word
or beside it in faith or worship. ' ' Calvinism has everywhere
and always proclaimed, "Resistance to tyrants is obedience
to God." Froude says of this people during the trying times
of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries: "When all else
had failed, when patriotism had covered its face and human
courage had broken down, when intellect had yielded with a
smile or a sigh, when emotion or sentiment had dreamed them-

23

selves into a forgetfulness that there was any difference be-
tween lies and truth, then this slavish form of belief called
Calvinism bore an inflexible front to illusion and mendacity,
and preferred to be ground to powder like a flint rather than to
bend before violence or melt under the oppression of tyranny
of any sort, from any source. ' ' Tyrants have always and
rightly regarded Calvinists as their natural enemies. King
James I said at Hampton Court Conference: "Calvinism agrees
with monarchy as well as God and the devil. ' ' To the great
Calvinist, Melville, James said: "There never will be quiet in
this country till a half-dozen of you Calvinists be hanged or
banished." "Tush, sir," replied Melville, "threaten your
courtiers in that manner. It is not within your power to exile
God's truth." D'Aubigne says: "In England the seeds of
liberty, wrapped up in Calvinism and hoarded through many
trying years, were at last destined to float over land and sea,
and to bear largest harvests of temperate freedom for great
Commonwealths that were still unborn." To the Calvinists,
"more than to any other class of men, the political liberties
of Holland, England and America are due. ' '

John Knox and Liberty.

Who saved the liberties of England and Scotland ? Froude
says, "John Knox to whose teaching they (the Scotch) owe
their national existence." John Knox's co-laborers in sav-
ing England and Scotland were almost without exception en-
thusiastic Calvinists. The same author again says: "The
Calvinists, know as Puritans, the Covenanters, the Round-
heads, the Presbyterians, the Independents, when the people
were abandoned to the lawless fury and wrath of their rulers,
when they were ruthlessly plundered, murdered, and hunted
like wild beasts from place to place, never deserted them; for
five and eighty years they never wavered, but were always
steady to the good cause, and always on the side of the people. ' '
"The battle of Boyne (1690) '" says a recent writer, "decided
the fate of Protestantism, not only for Great Britian, but for
America and for the world. Had William been defeated there,
Protestantism could not have found a safe shelter on earth."
Who fought this battle? On one side was James II, whom
the poet Wordsworth calls the "vacillating bondsman of the

24

Pope." "The world has never seen such another army as
that commanded by William of Orange. The entire Calvin-
istic world was represented in it. They came from Holland,
England, Ireland, Scotland, France, Prussia, Finland, Sweden
and Switzerland, and it was to this sect that the English owe
the whole freedom of their Constitution. ' '

A Calvinistic Revolution.

To the advanced principle, viz: "The foundation of
authority in government is laid in the free consent of the
governed." And when the Revolution came, it was the
church bell on the Calvinistic Meeting House of Lexington
that rung first the alarm and summoned the farmers of
New England, who fired "that shot which was heard around
the world."

The Mecklenburg Convention of May, 1775, was composed of
twenty-seven staunch Calvinists, one-third of whom were elders
in the Presbyterian Church. Bancroft says of this declaration:
' 'It was in effect a declaration of independence as well as a com-
plete system of government." It is generallv believed that
Thomas Jefferson's celebrated declaration is a recast of this
Mecklenburg paper, which preceded it by more than a year.
Moreover, the Continental Congress had its inception in a call
sent out by the Calvinists of New York. Need I tell this
audience that a large majority of those determined men, who
immortalized themselves by signing the Declaration of Inde-
pendence, were Calvinists? There is no more dramatic chapter
in our history than the hour in the Continental Congress when
it faced the issue of signing that immortal document. Con-
gress hesitated. The country was looking on. Three million
hearts were violently throbbing in intense anxiety, waiting for
the bell on Independence Hall to ring. On the table lay the
charter of human freedom in the presence of that able body of
statesmen — there it lay with its clear-cut utterances, flinging
defiance in the face of opposition. It was an hour when strong
men trembled. There was a painful silence. In the midst of
this silence, Dr. Witherspoon, a Presbyterian minister, arose
and uttered these words: "To hesitate at this moment is to
consent to our own slavery. That notable instrument upon
your table which insures immortality to its author, should be
subscribed this morning by every pen in this house. He that
will not respond to its accents and strain every nerve to carry
into effect its provisions is unworthy the name of freeman.

25

Whatever I have of property or reputation is staked on the is-
sue of this contest, and, although these gray hairs must soon
descend into the sepulchre, I would rather that they descend
thither by the hand of the executioner than desert at this crisis
the sacred cause of my country . " That was the voice of John Cal-
vin in Independence Hall, and it prevailed. The Declaration of
Independence was immediately signed and then the old Liberty
Bell rang out, and the foundation of the American Republic
was forever and securely laid. The early history of our mother
country is written large with Calvinistic spirit and Calvinistic
deed. I cannot longer tarry upon this point, but let those
who in their ignorance of their country's noblest heritage of
blood, who find their cheap pleasure in denunciation of the
Puritan and Blue Laws of the olden day, stand with me for a
moment and look upon that monument which marks the char-
acter of those illustrious sires. "On the brow of the hill over-
looking the bay where the Mayflower was moored, and where
the waters continue to beat in volleying thunders, or in musical
laughter upon its sands there rises a colossal statue. On the
four corners of the pedestal repose four figures, representing
law, morality, freedom and education. There these should
rest by right. But above these stands the erect figure of
Faith. Thirty-six feet she rises from the foot, which rests
upon a slate from Plymouth Rock. With one hand she grasps
an open Bible, and with the other in graceful gesture she points
the nation up to God. The only Book she opens to the eyes
of the nation is the Bible. And so it should be." In these
days of greed for gold, when men are lovers of ease and pleasure
rather than lovers of God, it is well for us to take our children
by the hand and stand for awhile beside the altars of our
fathers' faith. It is well to look long and inquiringly into the
faces of those God-fearing and tyrant-despising forefathers
and learn the secret of their fortitude that braved every priva-
tion, their endurance that mastered every trial, their courage
that conqured every danger and handed down to us the price-
less heritage of our country, our liberty, both civil and relig-
ious. Yes, it is well for us to look into those strong faces of
our Puritan, Dutch, Huguenot and Scotch-Irish forefathers,
whose very virtues have become a by-word among the ignorant,
and learn that the secret of character — of strong and enduring
character — of character personal and national — is to build it
upon the Bible. It is only the truth, when I say that the
Bible holds the only true light by which we have been led in all
our advances of liberty in the past; and, the Bible holds the

26

only true light by which we can make any progress in the cause
of liberty in the future.

' 'God of our Fathers, known of old,

Lord of our far-flung battle line,
Beneath whose awful hand we hold

Dominion over palm and pine;
Lord, God of Hosts, be with us yet,
Lest we forget, lest we forget.

' 'If drunk with sight of power, we loose
Wild tongues which have not Thee in awe,

Such boasting as the Gentiles use;
Or lesser breeds without the Law,

Lord, God of Hosts, be with us yet,

Lest we forget, lest we forget.

Sealed with the Blood of the Saints.

Fathers and brethern, I have presented you something of
the genius (and the fruits of your historic Church; she is
venerable with age, she bears without abuse the name of
"mother Church." We may well honor those grand prin-
ciples of our historic faith, securing as they do the unity
of Christ's witnessing church under all dispensations, to the
remote past and to the end of time and through the cycles of
eternity. The Covenants of our communion have been sealed
with blood; those primitive martyrs who were stoned, who
were sawn asunder, were witnesses for the principles for which
we stand to-day, they were hunted from crag to crag of their
native mountains, were hurled by their persecutors over steep
precipices and dashed in pieces on the rocks below. "They
loved not their lives to the death for Christ and His crown."
This old faith has come down to us with her vesture like that
of her Lord, crimsoned with blood. The most illustrious
martyrs, the most renowned confessors, the most valiant re-
formers have been hers. "The King's daughter she is, all
glorious within, her clothing is of wrought gold." Shall we
not venerate her for what she has been; shall we not love her
for what she is? On this anniversary occasion let us fling
forth her incrimsoned banner freshly to the breeze. Let us
with redoubled zeal prosecute her evangelistic work until her
standards, raised in the name of her glorious Lord, shall wave
victoriously from every mountain peak and every vale from
the rising to the setting sun. Let us quit us like men, in our

11

endeavor to establish our scriptural faith in every centre of
influence. Let us pray for an increased baptism of the Spirit.
Let us gird ourselves for one mighty and sustained effort to
establish, enlarge, and perpetuate the measure of influence of
our faith throughout the world, while we wait the announce-
ment, "Behold, the bridegroom cometh."

The Church's History Traced Through

the Century*

A Sketch read by the Hon* J. Adger Smyth,
Sunday Night, May 2, 1909.

Looking backwards into the early history of this, "The
Second Presbyterian Church," in a manual edited by the Rev.
Thomas Smyth and published in 1838, we find the sermon
preached by the Rev. Andrew Flinn, its first pastor, at its
dedication on April 3, 1811. The subject was "God's Per-
petual Presence In and Constant Watchfulness Over His
Church." The text was from 2 Chronicles V. 20: "That
thine eyes may be open upon this house, day and night, upon
the place whereof Thou has said, that Thou wouldst put Thy
name there."

After describing in most eloquent words the dedication by
King Solomon of "a temple, the most magnificent and splen-
did ever built by man," Dr. Flinn pictures the King, after
reciting "the goodness of the Lord, and his faithfulness to his
father, David, his soul being overpowered with Divine glory,
bursting out into that wonderful prayer of which the text was a
part."

In closing the application of the words of the text to his
church, Dr. Flinn adds: "My brethren, this is a solemn day to
you. You have built a house for the God of your fathers.
The history of your enterprise is short and simple. It origin-
ated in no spirit of division or party rancor . With your brethren
of the First Presbyterian Church in this city, you are at perfect
peace, and they are at peace with you. The growing popula-
tion of our city called for another place of worship. You
heard the call. It united you as one man. Your brethren of
other churches generously strengthened your hands, and here
is the house you have built and offered to the Lord. May the
God of your fathers bless you. He has hitherto prospered
you, for this spacious edifice has been erected without the loss
of either limb or life among the workmen.

29

"Brethren you have done much, but much more remains yet
to be done. You have built a house for the Most High God!
You must fill it with devout and pious worshippers. Let not
your seats, left empty in this place of prayer, testify against
you in the day of eternity that you have here neglected the
offers of mercy and turned away from the ordinances of God!
Come with your wives and children to this house, which you
have built for the Lord, and here inquire for Jesus. He will
meet you in this place and bless you. And when He shall
come in the clouds of Heaven, with His own glory and the
glory of His Father, may we all be received into His presence.
Having finished our probation here may we all be translated
to the temple not made with hands, where we who sow, and
you who reap, shall forever rejoice together."

In the same manual are two discourses preached by the Rev.
Thomas Smyth, the pastor, on the "History of the Second
Presbyterian Church in Charleston, S. C." The first dis-
course was delivered on April 3, 1837, on the occasion of the
twenty-sixth anniversary of the church, from the text Haggai
ii. 3: "Who is left among you who saw this house in her first
glory, and how do you see it now?"

From this discourse we quote interesting facts. Says Dr.
Smyth: "It is the duty of every Church and of the whole Church
now to have on record for the perusal and advantage of those
who may come after them, the history of their struggles, their
victories, and their mercies. The older members of this
church are fast passing away, and in a little while the places of
the remaining few, who saw the rise, and have witnessed the
progress of the church, will know them no more forever."

Presbyterianism in this State.

"Presbyterians were among the first settlers in South
Carolina. In the year 1704, when there was but one Episcopal
congregation in the whole province, the dissenters had three
churches in Charleston. As early as 1690, the Presbyterians
in connection with the Independents formed a church in
Charleston, which continued in this united form for forty years.
During this period two of its ministers, Revs. Messrs. Stobo
and Livingston, were Presbyterians, and were connected with
the Charleston Presbytery. After the death of the latter,
twelve families seceded, and formed a Presbyterian Church on
the model of the Church of Scotland. In 1790 this church,
with three others near the city, were incorporated by the
Legislature into the Presbytery of Charleston.

30

"In 1808 this Presbytery consisted of five ministers and
seven churches. The numbers of Presbyterians in Charleston
increased so rapidly that the First Presbyterian Church was
found insufficient to accomodate those who wished to worship
there. The house was always crowded, seats could not be
procured, except after long delay, and the pressing necessity
for another Presbyterian Church became apparent. As early
as 1804 this necessity was realized by Dr. Buist, then pastor
of the First Presbyterian Church, and the erection of another
church was approved and encouraged by him. The Rev. Mr.
Malcolmson was engaged to preach and take charge, but he
died in September, 1804, and the enterprise was then aban-
doned. In 1809, however, the determination was finally car-
ried into effect to enter upon the formation of the Second
Presbyterian Church. On Wednesday evening, February 8,
1809, fifteen gentlemen assembled at the house of Mr. Thomas
Fleming, and entered into an agreement to unite their efforts
to secure a suitable building for a Presbyterian Church.

Their names were Benjamin Boyd, William Pressly, John
Ellison, Archibald Pagan, George Robertson, James Adger,
Samuel Robertson, William Walton, Caleb Way, John Robin-
son, Alexander Henry, John Porter, Samuel Pressly, William
Aiken, Thomas Fleming.

"At a subsequent meeting, held on March 6, 1809, a paper
for the support of a minister was presented, when, by the sub-
scription of a number of gentlemen in attendance of $100 each
for two years, more than a sufficient salary being thus provided,
a committee was appointed to request the Rev. Andrew Flinn
to organize and take charge of this congregation with a salary
of $2,000 per annum.

"Mr. Flinn having accepted this call, a meeting for the
formation of the Second Presbyterian Church was held at
Trinity Church on Monday evening, April 24, 1809, and
committees were appointed to purchase a site for the erection
of the church, and to obtain subscriptions."

Did time permit it would be interesting to record here the
names of these various committees, and also of all who sub-
scribed for the building, as they are all mentioned in this ser-
mon. By May 16, 1809, the plan for the church was pre-
sented by William Gordon, who was appointed to build, and
entered immediately upon the work, an Act of incorporation
having been obtained.

31

In order that the church might be opened for the reception
of Harmony Presbytery at its first session in Charleston, it was
dedicated on April 3, 1811, by a sermon from the Rev. Andrew
Flinn, its pastor, and formally connected with the ecclesiastical
judicatories of the Presbyterian Church. This was the first
session ever held in Charleston of a Presbytery connected with
the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the United
States.

The Church is Built.

Although great liberality was shown by the founders of this
church, its cost far exceeded both their expectations and their
means. The treasurer's account in April, 1812, showed that
the sum of $55,548 had been expended, and that a large ad-
ditional amount would still be needed to carry out the plans
and pay the debt incurred. Strenuous efforts were made to
raise the amount, but notwithstanding, in June, 1816, it ap-
peared that the sum of $31,156.25 was still due. Though
gradually reduced, in April, 1823, a debt of $23,485 was still
hanging over the church. A plan was then adopted of trans-
ferring the whole property, and the temporal jurisdiction of the
church, to an association, who would assume the debt as their
own, engaging, however, that the Confession of Faith, as
authorized by the General Assembly, should ever be the rule
of government and discipline of the church. This plan was
adopted in August, 1823, and in April, 1824, the committee re-
ported that all the debts of the church had been paid. The
original trustees, in whose names the titles of the church
property was conveyed to this association, were Messrs. Wil-
liam Smith, John Robinson, James Adger, William Aiken and
Richard Cunningham. In the words of Dr. Smyth: "Thus
was this beautiful temple, at the cost of more than $100,000,
finally erected and delivered from all incumbrances by the
energy, union and concerted liberality of its founders. The
spire alone remained unfinished, but we hope in due time it
will arise to its destined summit, with its silent finger pointing
to the skies, and thus like a pyramid of fire burning heaven-
ward give increased beauty to the building and another orna-
ment to our city."

Like most churches, apparently from its very first organiza-
tion, the income never seems to have been sufficient to cover all
its necessary expenses, even though most judiciously and
economically administered.

32

Raising the Preacher's Salary.

In the minutes of the standing committee in April, 1813, we
find that the clerk reported that the salary of the minister had
not been fully paid, and that at least $1,000 was then due him.
On motion, by a unanimous vote, the president was authorized
to discount a note of the corporation in the bank for a sum
sufficient to pay all the indebtness of the church, a custom fol-
lowed for many years. As the end of each fiscal year ap-
proached, the month of April saw the president and the treas-
urer anxious and worried, because they could not make "both
ends meet." Then a special committee used to be appointed
each year to visit the congregation and collect enough to pay
the deficiency. It was always a difficult and unsatisfactory
task, and a specially onerous one to the committee. In 1887
the objection was raised to this committee plan that they
could not visit every member of the congregation, and thus
the opportunity to assist in freeing the church from debt was
offered to only a few members, and generally to the same
persons every year. The old plan was, therefore, discarded
and a new one adopted. On a Sabbath morning in May, pre-
viously agreed upon, after the annual meeting of the corpora-
tion and with the approval of the session, a special collection
was taken up immediately after the close of the sermon to raise
the amount needed to cover the deficiency of the past year.
The president of the corporation made a short statement of the
financial condition, and every member of the congregation was
urged to give something, even the children "did what they
could," and in all these years since this plan was adopted, the
whole amount needed has been promptly raised, even when on
more than one occasion the sum necessary was $1,800.

In 1833, it having been found after several years' experience,
that the immensity of the church auditorium caused unnatural
efforts on the part of the pastors to fill it with their voices, and
that even then many of the congregation could not hear the
preacher, a series of alterations were decided upon. The ceil-
ing was lowered, the floor raised and a part of the main audi-
ence room cut off to form the inside vestibule, and the room up-
stairs so long used as a Sunday-school room.

For a long time weekly lectures by the pastor were delivered
at the private houses of the members, but in January, 1820,
the corporation authorized the session to procure a temporary
building for a suitable lecture room. A lot of land was leased
on Blackbird's alley (Burns' lane) at $50 a year, and a lecture
room erected on it by the efforts of the ladies at a cost of $700.

-*."■. '"in

*«•

P

^r

^7

Pastor 1823-1827.

From a Copperplate Engraving on India Paper in possession
of the Presbyterian Theological Seminary,
Columbia, S. C.

33

In 1835, however, it was determined to erect a more sub-
tantial building in Society street, and on Sabbath evening,
March, 1837, it was dedicated in the presence of a crowded and
deeply interested audience.

The Pastors.

The Rev. Andrew Flinn, D. D., was the first pastor. He
was called in February, 1809, installed in April, 1811, and died
February 24, 1820, having served as pastor for about eleven
years.

/'@tr2/£&huw ■'fate*

The Rev. Artemus Boies, the second pastor, was elected in
April, 1821, but resigned in May, 1823, having been pastor
about two years.*

The Rev. Thomas Charlton Henry, the third pastor, was
elected in November, 1823, and installed in January, 1824.
He died October 5, 1827, having been pastor for four years.

In February, 1829, the Rev. William Ashmead was called,
and accepted in March, and was installed in May of the same
year. He went to Philadelphia, with the intention of return-
ing with his family, but his health, always delicate, gave away,
and he died in Philadelphia, December 2, 1829, having been
pastor about six months.

After Mr. Ashmead 's death the church sat in her widow-
hood for several years, having the pulpit filled by different
ministers, but especially by her tried friend, the Rev. Mr.
Gildersleeve.

The Rev. Thomas Smyth was just graduating from Prince-
ton Seminary when he received an invitation to supply the pul-
pit of this church for the summer, and entered upon his minis-
terial labors here in 1831. In 1832 he received a permanent
call, but was not installed until December, 1834. He died
in 1873, having, as he said, consecrated all his energies to this
church, his first love, as his long and useful ministry of over
forty years began and ended with her. He declined many
complimentary calls from the college, the seminary and the

* Despite every endeavor, no portrait of Rev. Artemas Boies, nor of the Rev.
Wra. Ashmead could he discovered; Mr. Boies' signature alone was recovered
from the old sessions' hook, but of Mr. Ashmead not even an authentic signa-
ture was obtained.

34

editorial chair, saying: "I am determined to live and die with
my people." Probably more than one thousand members
were added to the church during his ministry, at least thirty of
whom became ministers of the Gospel.

In May, 1871, the Rev. G. R. Brackett, D. D. was called,
and in 1872 installed as pastor, an office he filled to the entire
satisfaction of a united and loving people until his death, in
December, 1902, a period of over thirty years.

The Rev. J. Keir G. Fraser was called as pastor on February
22, 1903, and installed March 22, 1903, and' still fills most
acceptably the sacred office, having supplied the pulpit since
August 1, 1902.

In 1874 it was found that a new roof was needed for the
safety and preservation of the Church, and $6,000 was raised
in a time of great financial stringency for that purpose. The
ladies of the church contributed $1,800 of that amount.

Cyclone and Earthquake.

In the great cyclone of August 27, 1813, this church sus-
tained great injury, but in the greater cyclone of 1885 it re-
ceived but little damage compared with other churches in our
city. In the memorable earthquake of August 31, 1886, this
church was damaged to the extent of about $6,000. Through
the generosity of friends both North and South it was speedily
repaired. On August 27, 1893, it again suffered severely from
the cyclone of that day. The building was completely unroofed
on the north side, the pews and organ deluged with water and
the entire ceiling so damaged as to necessitate its removal.
The cost of the repairs was $3,300, less the insurance of $1,800.
The work was undertaken immediately and on November 26,
1893, Divine worship was resumed in the renovated church.
In July, 1908, the entire church building was repainted and
repaired and the Sunday school renovated, at a cost of about
$2,000, and by January 15, 1909, the entire amount of these
improvements had been paid in full.

A singular coincidence occurs in the pastorates of the three
ministers serving as pastors to the three Presbyterian churches
in Charleston, almost contemporaneously.

The Rev. John Forrest, D. D. was pastor of the First
Presbyterian Church, known as the Scotch Church.

The Rev. Thomas Smyth, D. D., was pastor of the Second
Presbyterian Church, known as Flinn's Church.

The Rev. W. C. Dana, D. D. was pastor of the Third Pres-

35

byterian Church, known as the Central Presbyterian Church.
Each of these distinguished ministers served their respective
churches as named above for over forty years, and in each case
they were never pastor of any other church.

The Communion Service Preserved.

The silver Communion service still used in this church was
the gift, as we are informed, of Mrs. John Robinson, the
daughter of Mr. Stephen Thomas, who was the first treasurer
of this church, being elected in 1809. The chest containing
the Communion service was kept in the family of one of the
elders. After the war between the States it was taken care
of by Mr. C. N. Averill, and afterwards by Mr. J. N. Robson
for many years.

When the city was shelled during the war the chest contain-
ing this silver was sent to the Rev. George Howe, D. D., in
Columbia, for safety, but in some way he was not informed
of the contents of the box, and along with probably less val-
uable packages it was placed in one of the store rooms on the
premises. Dr. Howe's house was not destroyed in the great
fire that ravaged the city, nor was it plundered, as many others
were. It was some time, probably a year or more, after the
close of the war that Dr. Howe examined several packages
in this store room, and among them this box. Finding that
it contained the Communion service of the Second Presbyterian
Church of Charleston, in perfect condition he at once for-
warded it to the Rev. Dr. Smyth, its pastor. When used
for the first time, more than a year after the war had ended,
Dr. Smyth told the history of its remarkable preservation and
restoration and offered a special prayer of thanksgiving.

Two glorious and striking features most forcibly present
themselves as we review the history of this church. Its miss-
ionary spirit. Its wonderful work in educating young men
for the ministry.

As it has been arranged for separate papers to give in de-
tail the history of the work of this church in both these fields,
at this time, we will speak very briefly of either.

Foreign Missions.

Foreign missions have always occupied the supreme place
in the hearts of this people, and the largest amount in our
yearly benevolent collections has always been given to this
cause.

36

No minister has ever been more thoroughly imbued with
the missionary spirit than Dr. Smyth, When pursuing his col-
legiate studies in Ireland, he expected to enter the missionary
field himself, but was compelled to relinquish his earnest de-
sire by the failure of his health. Just on the point of starting
on a missionary tour in Florida in 1831 he was arrested by
the invitation to supply this pulpit. In 1832, sometime be-
fore his installation, he organized our Juvenile Missionary
Society, and began the publication of a juvenile missionary
paper. No doubt others present here besides the writer recall
the quarterly meetings of this juvenile society, which were
held in the lecture room on Society street, and were always
largely attended and extremely interesting. Each member
of the Society was furnished with a card for collections with
spaces for the names and amounts given by each contributor.
There was a prize book offered to the one whose card show-
ed the largest amount, and great exertions were made to win
it. Exhibitions of idols and other curiosities from heathen
lands were shown, short talks were made, and Major R. C. Gil-
christ, then little more than a boy himself, kept us little fellows
wildly excited by the machines of his own make that were
shown by him, such as railroad engines that made steam and
pulled cars, fire engines that made steam and threw a stream of
water, etc.

Helped to Educate Ministers.

The Ladies' Education Society was organized by the Rev.
A. Boies in 1821, and has continued its work ever since. It
has aided about seventy-seven students in their theological
studies and raised over $40,000. No human brain or pen can
compute the wonderful results of their self-sacrificing labors.
Not until this noble band of earnest workers are all finally
gathered into that glorious congregation, that no man can
number, who, with palms in their hands, their robes washed
white in the blood of the Lamb, are swelling that magnificent
volume of song, as they join in praise and thanksgiving, will
they know what they have accomplished, as their crowns
sparkle with the many stars they have won for their Maker.

This church has always manifested a deep and affectionate
interest in the religious instruction of the colored people.
They formed a large part of its membership, and filled the
north gallery of the church. In a manual of this church pub-
lished in 1854 we find the names of its members, both white
and colored, from the year 1811, showing 790 whites and 236
oolored, or a total of 1,026.

The Colored Members.

Of that number there were then alive, and members in 1854,
399 whites and 204 colored, or a total of 603.

In this manual published in 1854 there is the following no-
tice for the colored members:

"Besides the services held at the Second Presbyterian
Church on which colored persons should attend, and the Com-
munion service, in which all the colored as well as the white
members are expected to participate, there are special services
for colored persons at the church in Anson street under the
ministry of the Rev. J. L. Girardeau as follows: On Sab-
bath. 1. Sunrise prayer meeting. 2. Regular service, in-
cluding preaching at 10.30 A. M. 3. Regular service with
preaching at usual afternoon hour. 4. Sabbath school im-
mediately after afternoon service. 5. Prayer meeting, Mon-
day evening. 6. Tuesday evening, instruction of those
wishing to join the church. ' '

Dr. Smyth was accustomed to prepare special sermons for
these colored members, besides holding appropriate services
during the week, and as a pastor to minister to their spiritual
needs, especially in sickness or sorrow. He was a warm sup-
porter of the Zion Colored Presbyterian Church, of which the
Rev. J. B. Adger was the first pastor, followed by the Rev.
J. L. Girardeau. The valuable church building on Calhoun
street, built largely by the white members of the Second
Presbyterian Church, and still called the Zion Presbyterian
Church, is held in trust to this day by a board of trustees, and
is still gratuitously furnished to the colored people as a place
of worship for Presbyterians.

The Lord's Supper.

Up to the time of the war, (1861) the communicants de-
siring to partake of the Lord's Supper, left their pews and sat
on benches at tables placed along the aisles of the church, the
tables being covered with long, white cloths. The white mem-
bers occupied the tables first, and after they were seated, and
the pastor had given the elements into the hands of the elders,
they passed them reverently to the members at the tables.
Sometimes it was necessary, after those first seated had been
served, for them to retire, and a second installment of white
communicants to be seated, and to be served by the elders.

As stated above, this church had a large number of colored
members, who were divided into classes, each class in charge

38

of a colored man of good repute, who was called a class leader.
He was responsible for the behavior of each of the members
of the class, and reported to the session of the church any mis-
demeanors or unworthy conduct on their part, and they were
disciplined by order of the session. On the morning of Com-
munion Sunday these class leaders distributed to each member
of his class, who was considered worthy, a token, which was a
small medal like a coin, with the picture of the Second Pres-
byterian Church stamped on it.

These tokens were handed by the class leaders to the col-
ored communicants as they came down from the gallery to
take their places at the same tables from which the white com-
municants had just retired. After they were seated, the
white elders passed round and collected the tokens, so as
to be sure that only those entitled to be present, had come
forward. Then the colored members were served by the white
elders with the same bread from the same silver platters, and
with the same wine from the same silver goblets. These
colored communicants then remained seated during the pas-
tor's address in closing the service, and after the benediction
slowly and reverently dispersed. .

Originally these tokens were distributed to the white members
at the preparatory service on Saturday afternoon, just pre-
ceding the Communion Sunday, or if any one was not then
present, they could be obtained from one of the elders. On
the Sabbath they were collected by the elders after the commu-
nicants were seated. This custom, as to the white members,
was discontinued in 1830, but was continued with the colored
members until the war in 1861.

Until this period, (1861) a sweet toned bell hung in our
steeple, and was rung on the Sabbath a half hour before each
service, summoning the congregation to worship. The ori-
ginal bell was cracked in ringing an alarm of fire, but a new
bell was placed in the steeple in 1850, being the gift of Fleet-
wood Lanneau, Esq. It was taken down, as^were the bells
in all the other churches, including the beautiful chimes of
St. MichaePs, and sent to Columbia, and given to the Govern-
ment to be cast into cannon.

Sunday School Organized.

The Sunday school of this church was organized in the year
1818, by Mr. and Mrs. George E. Hahnbaum. It was the
second Sunday school organized in the city of Charleston. It

ifflBl^ffiPtiSluiinn

O^A/^

Pastor 1831-1873.

From an Engraving, by W. & A. K. Johnston, Edinburgh, frontispiece to
Dr. Smyth's "Unity of the Races," published by
Johnstone & Hunter, Edinburgh,
1851.

39

has long been under the control of the session of the church,
and has proved itself indeed "the nursery of the church."
For many years the pastor has been present at its sessions,
lecturing on the lesson to the adults of the congregation, thus
realizing the idea, so long advocated by Dr. Smyth, of having
the afternoon service ' ' a teaching service for the whole church. "

In 1881, the need of a new and more convenient Sunday
school building, which had long been felt created so much
interest that steps were taken to raise funds for the erection
of such a building. A society was organized called the Sun-
day School Workers, composed almost entirely of the ladies
and children of the Sunday school and congregation, and in
a few years they had raised about $3,000. This so stimulated
the men of the church that very soon the present Sunday
school building was completed and dedicated in May, 1887.

The building and lot cost about $12,000, and the entire
amount has been paid in full, long ago.

The following ministers assisted Dr. Smyth at different pe-
riods of his ministry, when he was disqualified by infirmity
from discharging the more active duties of the pastorate.
Their faithful labors are held in grateful remembrance to this
day:

The Rev. Henry M. Smith, D. D.
The Rev. D. L. Buttolph, D. D.
The Rev. James McDowell, D. D.
The Rev. Hampden C. DuBose.

Jubilee Service.

A programme was arranged by Dr. Smyth with the appro-
val and co-operation of the session, the deacons and the cor-
poration of the church for the jubilee services in commemora-
tion of the fiftieth anniversary of the dedication of the church
to be held in May, 1861. A circular was prepared in 1860
stating this desire, and proposing that the celebration con-
sist of a protracted meeting, say of nine or ten days, commen-
cing on the 2d of May, 1861; of services of different kinds each
evening, discourses and short papers or addresses from minis-
ters and laymen who had in any way been connected with
this church; of a Sunday school celebration; of the creation
of a memorial fund, and of the publication of a memorial vol-
ume. This circular was signed by the following joint commit-
tees:

40

Session— The Rev. T. Smyth, D. D., R. C. Gilchrist.

Deacons — W. J. Smith, William Dewees.

Corporation — C. H. Simonton, T. G. Budd, James Dilling-
ham, W. J. Johnson. Geo. H. Moffett.

This joint committee approved an elaborate programme of
the proposed celebration, prepared by the pastor. It provided
for the inviting of some twenty-five ministers, connected at
different times with this church, to take part in the services,
and special days and topics were assigned to each of them.
Services were to be held every evening except Saturday, and
on Friday evenings there were to be social gatherings and re-
freshments. One evening was to be devoted to a musical
festival to be held in the church under the management and
supervision of the choir, and to the reading of a history of the
choir. Other similar services were to be held on the other
evenings .

The platform provided for the following purposes:

1 . The erection of a monument to the founders of the church.

2. A memorial subscription to the church fund.

3. A collection to complete the steeple and erect a library.

4. A collection for parochial schools.

5. A collection for a parsonage.

6. A collection to erect a lecture room.

The first plan was to have these services commence on the
Sunday nearest the3d of April, so as to commemorate the fiftieth
anniversary of the dedication of the church, which took place
on the 3d of April, 1811. It was therefore determined to
have this celebration on Sunday, March 31, 1861. The ser-
vices on that day were adapted to commemorate this dedication.
The pastor (Dr. Smyth) preached appropriate sermons, both
in the morning and in the afternoon. In the evening Mr.
Fleetwood Lanneau delivered an historical address, giving a
full and comprehensive review of the history of this church
to a large and attentive audience.

War Times.

Fort Sumter was bombarded, burnt and captured on April
13 and 14 succeeding, and war having commenced very short-
ly afterwards, probably fifty men connected with this congre-
gation were from time to time summoned to the camps and
batteries on the Islands adjacent to our. city.

Probably for this reason, or perhaps with the hope that the
many ministers who had agreed to take part in the celebration

41

but found it almost impossible to be present earlier, the fur-
ther celebration was postponed to Sunday, May 5, 1861 . How-
ever these ministers were still unable to be present, as almost
every one felt called upon, either to go with our troops as
chaplains, or to join the home guard companies. In this old
book are letters giving these reasons for their inability to take
part in the jubilee services and expressing great regret from
the following clergymen: The Rev. Arnold W. Miller, the
Rev. D. L Buttolph, the Rev. C. A. Stillman, the Rev. W. J.
McCormick, the Rev. A. Flinn Dickson, the Rev. S. H. Dick-
son, the Rev. J. E. White, the Rev. A. M. Small, the Rev.
W. B. Corbett, the Rev. W. Flinn.

The record shows, however, that continued services were
held on Sabbath, May 5, 1861, specially adapted to the semi-
centennial celebration. The pastor (Dr. Smyth) preached in
the morning from the text: "Ye shall hallow the fiftieth year,
a jubilee shall that year be to you." In the afternoon the
Rev. Dr. E. T. Buist delivered an excellent discourse, and in
the evening the Rev. J. B. Girardeau gave a most interesting
address, containing his personal recollections of this church,
its Sabbath school, revivals, pastors, etc.

Among the men of the church who were absent in camp was
Major R. C. Gilchrist, the superintendent of our Sunday school.
The intended festival for the children could not be carried out.
Indeed, butter had become very scarce and almost impossible
to get, while cake, ice cream and candies were so costly as to
be out of reach.

So also with the expected protracted services. The absence
of the ministers rendered them impracticable.

Says Dr. Smyth, "I hope the next jubilee will be celebrated
under more propitious circumstances, under the halcyon reign
of that peaceful, prosperous and united Confederacy, for which
we are now imperilling life, sacrificing comfort and security,
and living in hourly anticipation of the worst possible evils."

The continued services, as stated in the following notice
from the Charleston morning paper, took place on Sunday,
May 12, 1861.

Jubilee Celebration — Second Presbyterian Church.

"The Rev. J. L. Girardeau will repeat, in the above church
to-morrow morning, at the usual hour of morning service, the
discourses prepared by him on the occasion of the fiftieth
anniversary of this church, in accordance with its request.

42

In the afternoon there will be service for the children. In
the evening a reunion meeting will be held, service commenc-
ing at 8 o'clock. On this occasion many papers will be read,
including recollections of Dr. Flinn, memoirs of the Rev. Mr.
Boies, histories of Glebe Street and Zion churches, recollec-
tions of the revival in 1836, etc."

The Rev. J. L. Girardeau delivered an admirable discourse
in the morning, his own people being present, and the congre-
gation being a very large one.

The services for the children were held in the afternoon, and
in addition to the white children, there were about 300 colored
children in the gallery. Many hymns were sung, the first
being one written for the occasion by Mr. Fleetwood Lanneau.
Then Dr. Smyth preached a sermon specially adapted to the
children. In the evening the Rev. Messrs. J. L. Girardeau
and Pickens Smith were with the pastor in the pulpit, and
took part in the services and in the reading of the following
papers:

1. Recollections of Dr. Andrew Flinn, by the Rev. Mr.
Woodridge.

2. Memoir of the Rev. Artemas Boies, by the Rev. Mr.
Woodridge.

3. History of Glebe Street Church.

4. History of Zion Church.

5. Recollections of the revivals of 1835 and 1836, by the
Rev. Charles Stillman.

On Monday evening, May 13, 1861, the choir had prepared
an attractive programme of some sixteen chants and hymns,
the names of which are all given, and Mr. Fleetwood Lanneau
was ready to deliver an address, containing "Reminiscences
of the Choir," when suddenly a most violent thunder storm,
accompanied by a whirlwind of dust and rain swept over the
city and effectually prevented the gathering of an audience,
and that part of the celebration was indefinitely postponed.
On Sabbath, June 2, 1861, the Rev. Ferdinand Jacobs preached
two sermons, one in the morning and the other in the afternoon,
which he had prepared for the Semi-Centennial, and which
Dr. Smyth reports, he had then with others to be inserted in
the memorial volume they expected to publish, but this cher-
ished wish was never carried into effect.

In the old minutes of Sessions running from 1852 to 1867,
from whose records the facts given herein about the Semi-
centennial, or jubilee services were taken, are found some very
touching incidents.

W

43

At the last Communion held in this church on May 11, 1862,
no elders of this church were present, nor did they have in
use their own Communion service, as it had been sent to Col-
umbia for safety.

The pastor, (Dr. Smyth) says: "A very sad and solemn
season. Elders Harrall, Enslow and Stillman, from Glebe
Street Church were present with their Communion service,
as ours had been removed, and the communicants occupied
the pews, as the table linen had also gone."

On this occasion, and the preceding Communion, the col-
ored communicants occupied the back pews, and communed
at the same time as the whites.

It is also recorded that at a meeting of the Court of Dea-
cons, held near the end of May, 1861, it was ordered that all
disposable funds on hand should be invested in Confederate
bonds.

The Manse.

That this Second Presbyterian Church now owns a comfort-
able manse for the residence of its pastor, is owing to the zeal
and devotion of two young ladies who were members of this
church.

Some years ago a Manse Society was organized by Miss Mar-
garet and Miss Agnes Adger, the first of whom afterwards
became Mrs. W. S. Manning, and the other Mrs. H. E. Rave-
nel, and a manse fund started. For various reasons, chiefly
because of the marriage and removal to Spartanburg of both
these ladies, the congregation seem to have lost interest in
the manse question, and nothing was done about it for some
years. The manse fund, however, that had been collected
by these two ladies was watched over and cared for by Mr.
H. E. Ravenel, in whose hands they had placed it.

On January 13, 1904, the corporation of the church was
notified by Mr. A. T. Smythe that there was then a fund,
consisting of the amount collected by these two ladies, which
with accrued interest, amounted to $2,178.53, and had been
increased by recent collections to $2,433.65, and that this sum
was available for the purchase of a manse for the Second Pres-
byterian Church.

On motion a committee of five to. devise and work for this
object and report again to the corporation was appointed by
the president, consisting of Messrs. A. T. Smythe, Hall T.
McGee, R. E. Seabrook. J. W. Robson and W. S. Allan.

On May the 2d, 1904, this committee reported progress to

44

the corporation, and the whole matter was referred back to
the same committee.

On January 16, 1905, the committee reported to the corpo-
ration that two of their numbers, Messrs. Smythe andMcGee,
had purchased for $3,800 a convenient house, No. 49 Pitt
street just below Calhoun street. They desired it, however,
understood that if the corporation did not wish to accept the
property, the sub-committee was ready to hold it as their own.
On motion the corporation unanimously accepted the property,
No. 49 Pitt street for a manse, costing, with repairs, taxes,
etc, $4,721.93 and returned their thanks to Messrs. Smythe
and McGee.

In May, 1905, the president reported to the corporation
"that the manse fund" amounted to $2,685. The chairman
of the special committee, Mr. A. T. Smythe, reported that in
accordance with the resolution adopted by the corporation,
January 16, 1905, the property, No. 49 Pitt street, had been
purchased for a manse for the Second Presbyterian Church.
They had arranged with the Carolina Savings Bank to borrow
$2,000 on a mortgage of the house and lot, to cover balance
of the purchase money and the repairs. At the meeting res-
olutions of sincere thanks to Mrs. Manning and to Mr. and Mrs.
H. E. Ravenel for their devoted services in raising and caring for
the manse fund for so long a time were unanimously adopted.

About a year ago this bond and mortgage of $2,000 was
paid in full by two members of this church, and the manse is
now free from all incumbrances.

To the ladies of the Manse Society of the church is due the
success of this enterprise, as they responded always to every
call for money to pay interest on the mortgage, insurance,
etc. At the earnest request of the corporation it is hoped that
they will still have the care of the property.

The Church Choir.

Among the interesting old papers read recently is an address
delivered by Mr. Fleetwood Lanneau, entitled "Recollections
of our Choir." He tells us that Mr. James Badger, was our
first chorister, and conducted the singing on the day the church
was dedicated, with the assistance of several leaders of the
other church choirs, four of whom were still living at the time
of the Semi-centennial in 1861. One of them Mr. Guerry,
succeeded Mr. Badger as our chorister.

In those days the leader of the church choir discharged also

45

the duties of the sexton. The valuable and most indispensa-
ble assistance of female voices was unknown at the time this
church was dedicated, and but little attention was paid to the
study of vocal music. The l)elp of a few male singers was all a
leader could obtain to make up a choir, and not unfrequently he
alone would be competent to read music correctly, or sustain an
independent part. Mr. Badger was a competent and enthusi-
astic chorister, holding weekly meetings at his residence for
instruction and rehearsal. Mr. George E. Hahnbaum, the
first superintendent of our Sabbath school, was another en-
thusiast about the promotion of church music, and a valuable
assistant to Mr. Badger. In 1822, Mr. Badger resigned the
leadership of the choir and Mr. Guerry was elected to that
office and served for two years, being succeeded in 1824 by
Dr. Nash.

It was at this time that the violincello was introduced into
the choir. Quite a number of the congregation were old-
fashioned in their views about the services of the church, and
not favorably disposed to the introduction of instrumental
music. We have heard that on one Sunday morning, when
the choir, gathered in the gallery, they were surprised to find
the violincello securely locked to one end of the gallery with
a chain and padlock, and the bow fastened firmly to the other
end of the gallery. No one knew who had thus practically,
but effectually, protested against instrumental music, but
there was no plajdng of the violincello that Sunday, or for
several Sundays thereafter.

Mr. Nash resigned in 1826, and was succeeded by Mr. Wheel-
er, who served until 1828, when Mr. Roe took charge of the
choir for several years, but left to be organist of the First Pres-
byterian Church.

Mr. Thomas R. Vardell and Mr. Fleetwood Lanneau were
then appointed to jointly conduct the singing until the ensuing
anniversary, at which time the offices of clerk and sexton,
heretofore united, were divided, and conferred upon different
men. Mr. Lanneau was elected clerk and Mr. Vardell was
elected sexton. These two gentlemen led the singing for sev-
eral years, while Mr. Biglow played the violincello. Mr. Lan-
neau having resigned, Mr. Vardell was elected clerk, and dur-
ing his entire administration the performance of the choir was
most pleasing and satisfactory to the congregation. He died
in 1848.

At the next anniversary Mr. William G. Vardell was chosen
clerk and conducted the singing for many years. Just before

46

the meeting of General Assembly in this church, in May, 1852,
Dr. Honour was appointed chorister. About this time a
melodeon was introduced to help in the choir services during
the session of this Court of the Church. Dr. Honour for many
years continued the leadership of the choir, and great satis-
faction and praise for their devoted and satisfactory services
belong to all connected with the choir, but especially to the
ladies, who had so long and so efficiently contributed to this
delightful and inspiring part of Divine worship. Shortly
after this the organ was installed, and has continued ever
since to lead our singing.

Domestic Missions.

We have already spoken of the zeal and liberality of this
church for foreign missions, but it was equally as active in
the cause of domestic missions. Besides frequent mission
schools and enterprises in the northeast and northwest por-
tion of our city which were largely supported by the subscrip-
tions and personal labors of its members, including Ebenezer
Church, there were two church organizations in our city that
owe their origin to the Second Presbyterian Church.

We find that in November, 1846, the Rev. A. A. Porter was
engaged as a temporary supply for our pulpit. For some-
time it had been felt that there was need and room for another
Presbyterian Church in our city, and this suggestion met the
cordial approval and support of the Pastor, the Session
and the congregation of the Second Presbyterian Church.
In March, 1847, a special committee of the session, consist-
ing of Elders J. M. Caldwell, William Harrall, William Adger
and John Caldwell, were appointed to obtain subscriptions
to secure a permanent place of worship for the new Presbyte-
rian Church, with the Rev. A. A. Porter as its pastor. In
July, 1847, this committee reported they had raised $10,205.
This church was located on Glebe street, and was formally
organized in May, 1847, with the full sanction and hearty God-
speed of the Second Church. At a meeting of its Session in
July, 1847, three of its ruling elders, Messrs. J. M. Caldwell,
William Harrall and John Caldwell, with other valuable mem
bers, in all thirty-seven persons, were dismissed at their own
request to join and form the Glebe Street Presbyterian Church.
The relation between these two churches continued from the
first most cordial, and the records show that they united fre-
quently in Communion services at one or other of these
churches.

47

At a meeting of the Session of the Second Presbyterian Church,
held in May, 1847, a church for colored people was formally
organized, with the Rev. John B. Adger, a returned missionary
from Asia Minor, as pastor, under the name of the Anson
Street Presbyterian Church. At a subsequent meeting of
the Session, on May 9, 1848, forty-eight colored members of
the Second Presbyterian Church were dismissed to join the
Colored Presbyterian Church on Anson street. The Rev.
J. L. Girardeau succeeded Dr. Adger as pastor of this colored
church, and under his ministry the church grew rapidly, with
a large increase of colored members, and later on with a white
membership also. In April, 1858, quite a number of the white
communicants of the Second Church were dismissed to join
this Zion Presbyterian Church, of which Dr. Girardeau was pas-
tor. Shortly after this, largely by the liberality of the mem-
bers of the Second Church, the lot was bought and the building
erected on Calhoun steret, which is still held by trustees for
use in worship of colored Presbyterians.

To-day.

To-day the Second Presbyterian Church starts off upon
her second century.

She is arrayed in as fresh and shining garments as when
one hundred years ago she came fair and beautiful from the
builder's hands.

Her debts have all been fully paid. The salaries she pro-
mised have all been promptly settled.

She goes forward unhesitatingly into the unknown future
trusting in that covenant-keeping God, who has graciously
fulfilled His promises made to our fathers to be the God of
their children and their children's children; who has so faith-
fully guarded and preserved this magnificient temple amid the
raging of storm and cyclone, the roar of shot and shell, the
exposure to conflagration, the devastation of earthquake and
the vicissitudes of the years just ended, relying upon that
same love and devotion from the third and fourth generation
of the descendants of her founders and builders who labored
and made willing sacrifices for her a century ago.

The Work of the Church Among the

Children*

An Historical Sketch of the Sunday School of the
Second Presbyterian Church, of Charleston, S* C.

Compiled and Read by Mr. Richard W. Hutson.

EXERCISES OF SUNDAY, MAY 2, 1909.

The Sunday school of the Second Presbyterian Church of
Charleston, S. C, was organized in the year 1818, by Mr.
and Mrs. Geo. E. Hahnbaum. It was the second Sunday
school organized in this city.

Mr. and Mrs. Hahnbaum were both members of the Con-
gregational (or Circular) Church, of Charleston, and they had
about two years previous, started, in connection with that
Church, the first Sunday school in the city. This attracted
the attention of some of the members of the Second Presbyterian
Church and an invitation was extended to Mr. and Mrs. Hahn-
baum to start a school there They consented, and organized
it in 1818.*

The first Superintendent of the School was Mr. George E.
Hahnbaum himself, Mrs. Hahnbaum being his assistant. It
was organized as distinct from the Church, and was not at
that time under the direction of Session. For this and other
reasons Rev. Dr. Andrew Flinn, pastor of the Church, at first
opposed it regarding the work as too secular in its nature. But
he soon became convinced of its usefulness, and was ever after-
wards its zealous supporter. He preached a sermon to the
children on the first anniversary of the school.

The first meeting place for the school was in the south gal-
lery of the Church, which then afforded ample accommoda-
tions for all attendants.

*A Sunday School Union Society was formed September, 1819, though there
were Sabbath schools in the Circular Church in January, 1817, in the Second
Church in 1818, in the Archdale Street Church in July, 1819, and an Association had
existed in 1816 — History of the Presbyterian Church in South Carolina, Rev. George
Howe, D. D., vol. II, p. 229.

49

After the school was firmly established, Mr. and Mrs.
Hahnbaum returned to the Circular Church and to their work
there. This was about the year 1822, and the Rev. Bazil
Gildersleeve was elected Superintendent of the School, which
office he retained for seventeen years. In the year 1838, we
find from the Manual of the Church then published, that the
Assistant Superintendent of the School was Mr. Chas. S. Simon-
ton. Dr. Gildersleeve taught the Female Bible Class. Mrs. Isaac
Johnson was the female superintendent with Mrs. Ann Cald-
well as assistant. Miss Susan Ruberry was teacher of the In-
fant Class, and James W. Stillman, Secretary, Librarian and
Treasurer. There were thirteen male teachers, as follows:
Messrs. John Vardell, C. S. Simonton, D. W. Harrison, C. P.
Frazer, Robert L. Church, Robert Tweed, Wm. P. Levy, John
Pascoe, G. W. Patterson, John Dewees; Rev. B. Gildersleeve,
Female Bible Class, C. J. Sparks, Assistant Teacher; Thomas
R. Vardell, Male Bible Class. The female teachers were
twelve in number, as follows: Miss Margaret Bennett, Miss
Hannah P. Raymond, Miss Susan Vardell, Miss Eliza Auld,
Miss Gardenia Gibbs, Mrs. S. Robertson, Miss Phillippa Burney,
Miss Susan D. Adger, Miss Mary A. Stillman, Miss S. Anthony,
Miss Susan Bell, Miss Ursula Nell. There was also besides a
Sabbath school held for colored persons, after the morning
service.

Great Prosperity.

Dr. Gildersleeve resigned the office of Superintendent in
1839, when Mr. Thomas R. Vardell was elected. He con-
tinued in office until his death in 1850, and under his manage-
ment the school flourished. During the revival of 1846 one
hundred and thirty from the Sunday school joined the Church.
Mr. Vardell was a great singer and paid special attention to
the music of the school.

About this time Miss Susan Vardell became the teacher of
the Infant Class, and remained in charge of it for many years.

Some now connected with the Church may remember being
her pupils. In 1850, on the death of Mr. Vardell, Mr. W. H.
Beach, a gentleman from the North, was elected Superintend-
ent and served until his removal from the city two years later.
Mr. Beach was also a good musician and paid great attention
to the music in the school. The school was very prosperous
during this administration, the attendance often reaching the
three hundred mark.

50

Under the Session.

At this time the rules for the government of the school
were changed, and the school was placed under the direct
control of the Session, an Elder acting as Superintendent. In
April, 1853, an elder, Mr. William Adger, was elected Superin-
tendent with Major Gilchrist as assistant. The School then
numbered forty teachers, with over three hundred scholars
on the roll One thousand volumes were added to the Library
and properly catalogued. Mr. William Adger died in New
York in December, 1853. The next year Major R. C. Gil-
christ was elected Superintendent with Mr. James Dilling-
ham as assistant, both gentlemen being elders of the Church.
The female superintendents were Mrs. Isaac Johnson and
Miss Susan D. Adger. The Secretary and Treasurer was Mr.
William Dewees; the Librarians, Mr J. Ellison Adger and Mr.
A. McD. Brown. The Male Bible Class teachers were Messrs.
A. F. Browning and Charles H. Simonton, and the Female
Bible Class teachers were Mrs. Thomas Smyth and Mrs. S.J.
Robinson. The Infant Class teachers were Misses C. Johnson
and GraciaLanneau. Mr. Dillingham served as Assistant Superin-
tendent until his death about 1864, when Mr. C. N. Averill was
elected in his place. The school continued under the charge
of Major Gilchrist, assisted by Mr. Averill, for thirty years.
During that period the attendance was large and regular, and
there were many additions to the Church from among the
scholars. The position of female superintendent, with its
duties of taking the census of the school, and looking after its
general order and welfare, was continued after the war, and
Miss Anna Simonton filled that position very acceptably for
many years. The office was discontinued for a long time, then
revived again in 1894, when Miss Sarah Annie Smyth was
elected. In 1883, both Major Gilchrist and Mr. Averill re-
signed. For some time the school was without any regular
superintendent but the exercises were carried on under the
efficient charge of Mr. F. F. Whilden. Special mention should
be made of the devoted labors of Mr. A. R. Stillman who was
elected Superintendent and consented to fill the office for a
limited term.

Erection of Sunday School Building.

In January, 1885, Mr. Augustine T. Smythe was elected
Superintendent, Mr. F. F. Whilden, Assistant, Mr. Hall T.
McGee, Secretary and Treasurer and Mr. John W. Robson,

Pastor 1872-1902.

Photograph by Austin, Charleston, S. C.

51

Assistant Secretary and Librarian. Miss Gracia Lanneau
having resigned her charge of the Infant Class which she had
held, with great acceptance, for thirty }rears, Mrs. Mary S.
Whilden was elected her successor, assisted by Miss Mary
Whilden and Mrs. Sarah Gardner. Mr. J. Adger Smyth took
charge of the Male Bible Class and Mrs. G. H. Moffett, Miss
Jane Ann Adger and Mrs. Mary R. McD. Stickney of the
Female Bible Classes. As early as 1881 it became obvious
that the school was out growing its quarters, and a "Sunday
School Society," made up chiefly of Sunday school members,
was formed with the object of procuring funds for the erection
of a new and convenient building. The first President was
Mrs. Mary T. Robinson who was called away in the midst of
her devoted labor. She was succeeded by Mrs. James Allan
who prosecuted the work with equal energy and zeal. In
November 1881 a lot was purchased and in May 1887 the
present Sunday school building was dedicated.

Pastor's Adult Class.

The pastor, Rev. G. R. Brackett, D. D., assumed the office
of teacher, and, the night services being suspended, began to
lecture on the Sunday school lesson to the adults of the congre-
gation. The pastor's class room accommodates about seventy,
and was usually well filled with members of this congregation and
strangers. These changes in the organization and manage-
ment of the school were due to the practical wisdom and ad-
ministrative ability of the Superintendent, Hon. A. T. Smythe.
The singing was led by a gifted and enthusiastic vocalist, Mr.
F. F. Whilden and the orchestra was conducted by an accom-
plished musician, Mr. Laurence Reynolds. In October, 1893,
Mr. Smythe was compelled to resign on account of his health.
The following December Mr. Hall T. McGee, who for eight
years had discharged the duties of Secretary with great fidelity,
also resigned.

A School With National Reputation.

Mr. F. F. Whilden was then elected Superintendent, Mr.
J. W. Robson, Secretary and Mr. Robt. A. Smyth, Assistant
Secretary; Miss S. A. Smyth, Assistant Female Superintend-
ent. Infant Class Teachers Mrs. Mary S. Whilden, Assistants
Miss Lillie Carrere, Mrs. Sarah Gardner; Male Bible Class, J.
Adger Smyth. Female Bible Class, Mrs. E. H. Moffett. Dur-
ing the incumbency of Mr. Whilden the school flourished and

52

grew in numbers and usefulness. The music was a conspicu-
ous feature of the service. The school had a national reputa-
tion. On one occasion the Rev. Dr. Moses D. Hoge of Rich-
mond, Virginia, visited the school and remarked that he had
heard a great deal of it, but that the half had not been told.
After a useful and practical administration of four years, Mr.
Whilclen resigned to accept the position of Field Secretary of
the State Sunday School Association of S. C.

In 1897, Mr. James Allan, Jr., was elected Superintendent,
the other officers continuing the same as under Mr. Whilden.
Mr. Allan's administration was comparatively a short one,
but during that time the school maintained the record it had
made for efficiency and zeal in the work of training the youth
of the church. Mr. Allan resigned on account of his removal
from the city, and in July, 1901, Mr. T. Allen Legare, a great-
grandson of the first Treasurer of our Church, was elected
Superintendent, Mr. L. Cheves McCord Smythe, Assistant
Superintendent, Mr. Jno. W. Robson still holding the position
of Secretary and Treasurer. In 1907 Mr. Robson became
Honorary Secretary after an active service of twenty-four
years, when Mr. John Frampton was elected Secretary with
Mr. Hall T. McGee, Assistant. Several important features
have been added to the work of the school during Mr. Legare 's
administration, among which should be mentioned the Cradle
Roll, the Home Study Department, and the Missionary De-
partment.

Cradle Roll and Home Study.

The Cradle Roll has for its purpose the linking of each
child to the Sunday school from earliest infancy to the time
it enters the Infant Class. The Home Department extends
the influence of the Sunday school to the older members of the,
family, and keeps them in actual touch and sympathy with
the Sunday school, Miss M. A. Timmons is the Superinten-
dent and Dr. Sarah Allan, Miss S. P. Bliss, Mrs. E. F. Mis-
cally, Mrs. M. P. Shaw, Mrs. J. S. Riggs and Miss Amey N. Allan
are the Visitors in charge of this Department. Mr. A. Geo.
McDermid is Secretary in charge of the important work of the
Missionary Department, which has for its object the inculca-
tion of the Missionary spirit in the children, aiming to give
them an intelligent appreciation of their responsibility toward
both the Home and Foreign field. The organization of these
Departments places the school in the front rank of progressive
Sunday schools and the selection of the officers in charge in-
sures the success of each department.

$3

Present Sunday School Organization.

The Infant Class is ably managed by Miss S. R. Smyth, who
succeeded Mrs. Whilden in that responsible position. She
is admirably assisted by Miss E. J. Adger and Miss Florence
Bolger. The Young Men's Bible Class under Mr. W. S. Allan,
and the Young Ladies' Bible Class under Miss S. A. Smyth
are well attended.

Dr. Fraser conducts a teaching service for the benefit of the
older members of the congregation, while the other classes are
faithfully conducted by the following teachers:

Mr. J. N. Robson, Miss Helen Mclndoe.

Mr. J. M. Frampton, Miss Fannie McNeill.

Mr. E. A. Fripp, Miss Mary Braileford.

Miss Mattie Knox, Miss A.N. Allan.

Mrs. J. K. G. Fraser, Miss Jessie Bolger,

Mrs. Stickney, Miss Lillie Fogartie.

Miss J. A. Prince, Miss Janie McCormick.

Miss M. C. Mustard, Miss Eva McNeill.

Miss Marion Steinmeyer, Miss Susie McGee.

The music with Miss Jennie G. Rose as the efficient organist,
and Mr. Aldret, Mrs. Walker, Mrs. Robinson and others as
the choir, forms an inspiring and enjoyable part of the regular
Sunday school service. The Library is in charge of Mr. Colin
McK. Rose, assisted by Mr. Chas. Steinmeyer, and these officers
have for a number of years faithfully discharged their duties.

Missions and Charity Work.

The offerings of the school are applied alternately each
Sunday to the cause of Foreign Missions and the support of the
school. This custom has been in vogue for somej time. On
the Sunday before Christmas the offering is set apart for the
Thornwell Orphanage of Clinton, S. C.

A praiseworthy custom, which has been indulged in for
many years, is the making of Comfort Bags containing useful
articles, such as needles, thread, buttons and the like, and a
Bible, and these are given through the Port Society here, to
the sailors of the various ships which come to this harbor.
The Word of God is thus sown as seed to the four corners of the
earth.

Too much praise can not be given to Mr. Legare and Mr.
Smyth and the faithful corps of teachers associated with them

54

in the work of the school. This band of Christian workers
realize that the Sunday , school is essentially a training school
for life, and their aim is to present the principles of the re-
ligious life in such a way as to make that life attractive and
desirable, to make practical application of the weekly lessons,
and thus impress upon the plastic minds committed to their
care the fact that religion has to do in largest measure with
every-day-living, that creed should be crystallized into con-
duct in order to be effective.

Let us work and pray that the future of our school may
never prove unworthy of its inspiring past, that the coming
century like the one now gone into history may always find it
in the front rank of those efficient agencies having for their
aim the spread of Christ's kingdom in the earth.

Sunday Schools: Past and Present*

An Historical Address Made by Mr* Frank Fleetwood

Whilden, as a Portion of the Exercises of

Sunday Afternoon, May 2, 1909,

This is our birthday anniversary and we are eighty-seven
years old today. Many happy returns of the day, and may
God richly bless you all with health and strength to do many
years of successful service in this school and His Kingdom.
How old you are getting to be and with the growth of each
year comes the added responsibility of experience and better
organization and methods.

What means this gathering today? Why is this grand edi-
fice crowded? Men have left their business, the mothers and
wives their household duties. Why the answer is clearly
in evidence before us. It is the children.

In the times before Christ, children had rather a small place
and were not much cared for. A picture I have of an East-
ern School, shows the teacher with a large rod or stick, to de-
mand control by fear. Today the Sunday school is managed
entirely by love. Christ said "Suffer the little children,"
the Jews around him said "Keep them away." Christ hon-
ored childhood, and today the nation is looking more care-
fully to the training of the children, both in temporal and re-
ligious matters.

One of the finest gatherings I have attended in years,
participated in by the wisest, best and most influential men of
this great country, was in the interest of the children, and today
we are all looking to the very best for the children.

Let us go back a century or more and compare the Sunday
school then with the Sunday school of the present day. Let
us look at what may be called the birth of the Sunday school,
and see how the work was commenced and how it has grown
in a century and one quarter.

Robert Raikes

The name of Robert Raikes is as familiar as many house-
hold words, but few know of his life and struggles to put on

56

foot his great movement, that was destined under God to rev-
olutionize the world.

Robert Raikes was born in 1706, the son of a printer in Glou-
cester.

Let us look at a man rather tall, and comfortably stout,
stylish in appearance, attired in a dark blue coat, but colored
fancy waistcoat and silver and gold buttons, cambric frills and
ruffs, nankeen knee breeches, white silk stockings, low quar-
tered shoes and large silver buckles, a gold-headed cane. He
wore a brown wig with a double row of curls and a three-cor-
nered hat.

He was a man of gay and joyous temperament, a kind and
affectionate husband and father. He was a good business
man, steady, methodical and very tenacious of purpose. Kind-
ly and benevolent, and withal a touch of vanity, that some-
times marks the self-made man.

He was the proprietor of the only press in a large district
for many years and thus was brought in contact with people
with literary tastes and those who were socially far above
him.

His attention was at first drawn to the deplorable condi-
tion of the prisons, and he put forth efforts for a number of
years to make a better condition of affairs for those who were
confined in them, many of whom were poor men put there
for debt, and in this work he came in contact with the lower
element of society, that formed a continual procession ripe
or ripening for the gallows.

He concluded their condition was due largely to ignorance
and idleness and that reformation could be secured by re-
straint and instruction. Sometime about 1780, after varied
experiments and much meditation it came into his mind to
attempt the problem through the children.

Gloucester was the seat of the pin industry and child labor
was largely employed. On Sunday the children who had
toiled through the week were turned loose to riot in all sorts
of vice, filthy, degraded, with the pitiable slum-born look
written all over their faces, these were the conditions that
met him on the streets of the Cathedral town.

Robert Raikes at Gloucester.

In 1780 at the age of forty-four years, he began the experiment
which he pursued without publicity for three years, to see
what discipline and instruction would do for this neglected
class.

57

His start was in "Sooty Alley" where he got twelve boys
and paid a poor woman a shilling (24c) a day to teach.
Raikes was greeted on the streets at times, ' ' Here comes Bobby
Wild Goose and his ragged regiment."

At the end of three years he was very well satisfied with
his experiment and the great scheme of popular education
began slowly to mature in his mind. Through his newspaper
"The Gentlemen's Magazine" he began to secure the interest
of such men as Wesleys and Whitefield. On November 3,
1783, we can call the birth of the Sunday school, as a perma-
nent movement. In 1784 there were five schools in Glouces-
ter with 77 boys and 88 girls, and as a mark of civilization the
girls were allowed to wear bonnets.

The schools were under the management of a Board and the
rules were prepared by Raikes, as was also a Text-book, called
"Reading made easy," they were to be used in the Sunday
school as well as the day school. The movement soon be-
came popular and in four years there were 250.000 scholars
in the school of the Kingdom of England, and the improve-
ment in the morals of the children and the decrease of crime
was remarkable.

In 1784 John Wesley wrote "Perhaps God may have a
deeper end thereto than men are aware of. Who knows but
what some of these schools may become nurseries for Christ-
ians."

Robert Raikes retired from business in 1802. He had lived
to see his original company of twelve boys grow to an army of
a quarter of a million, and the movement which he originated,
adopted in Wales, Scotland, Ireland and also America, an
experiment which now looks so simple and so humble as that
of trying to lure these ragged children of wretchedness to a
church service and paying some poor woman a shilling a day
to teach them, resulted not only in a marked improvement
in morals among the children of Gloucester but gave to the
19th Century and the world the most potent instrument for
moral and religious advancement, to be passed on to the 20th
Century for a development beyond the dreams of the most
sanguine.

Robert Raikes died in 1811, seventy-five years of age, after
an illness of only one half an hour. The children of his own
school followed his body to the grave, singing Sunday school
hymns as they went. Thus closed the great life which God had
ordained as an index to a work which was destined to win the
world for Christ.

58
Coming near home.

The Rev. John Wesley took charge of Christ Episcopal
Church at Savannah, Ga. on the 7th of March, 1736. His
most important work in the parish was the establishment of
a Sunday school under the Superintendence of Mr. Delamotte.
This church can justly claim to be the leader in Sunday school
work in America, for this Sunday school says Bishop Stevens,
was organized nearly fifty years before Robert Rakes organized
the scheme of Sunday instruction in his Gloucester, England
school, and so years before the first Sunday school was es-
tablished on Mr. Raikes' plan in New York.

The Sunday School of the old Independent Presbyterian
Church of Savannah, Ga., was organized in 1804, 105 years
ago. This school was organized during the life of Robert
Rakes, whether from direct suggestion or personal influence
we do not know. In the Sunday school building there is an
oil painting of Raikes said to have been presented by himself
to the school. The celebrated Lowell Mason was superintend-
ent of this school during the early part of the last century,
and during his administration the school began meeting on
Sundays, prior to that time it met on Saturday.

On a tombstone is found the following:

"Mrs. Mary Lake held Sunday school in the block house at
Marietta, Ohio, from 1791 to 1795."

This was the first school in Ohio, and one of the first in the
United States.

In Charleston.

The first Sunday school in Charleston and the first in the
State, was started by Mr. and Mrs. Geo. E. Hahnbaum, in the
Circular Church (old White Meeting) in 1818. For sometime
they were the only teachers, but the movements gradually
grew in favor and the school increased in number, but was
never very largely attended for the first few years of its existence.
Mr. Hahnbaum was a German by birth and education, and
married a Charleston lady who greatly assisted him in his
work. For five years and until 1822 this was the only Sunday
school in Charleston.* In that year by the request of the
officers of the Second Presbyterian church, Mr. Hahnbaum
assisted in organizing a Sunday school in that church

* Withjregard to the year of the establishment of the various pioneer Sunday
schools in Charleston, see data from Howe's History of the Presbyterian Church in
South Carolina, quoted in a foot note, appended to the address by Mr. Hutson,
page 48.

59

and superintended it until it was in running order. This
school has been blessed with great success in its work.
We look back in 1887 and see the long line of its superintendents
beginning with Jno. Hahnbaum, Basil Gildersleeve , Thos.
Vardell, Wm. Adger, W. H. Beach, C. N. Averill, R. C. Gil-
christ, Aug. T. Smythe, F. F. Whilden, T. Allen Legare, W. S.
Allan, of this number Smyth, Whilden and Allen Legare are
still living and working.

Later on other schools sprang up. Mr. Hahnbaum was
the pioneer in this work and his efforts have signally blessed
for now every Church has its Sunday school. Mr. Hahnbaum
was a sweet singer and singing was made a feature of the ex-
ercises. In those days all the hymns were from the Church
hymn book. The teaching was directly from the Bible and
Church Catechism. Later on a book of questions was in-
troduced and though now out of date, was a most excellent
book for Sunday school use. It was in use by all Sunday
schools for nearly seventy years, and the early religious in-
struction in the Sunday school is associated with the little
blue question book.

Marvellous Progress and Change.

Robert Raikes' school started with three features, all of
which were soon done away with. First, the paying of teach-
ers. Second, instruction in the rudiments of learning, such
as spelling and reading. Third, limiting the Sunday school
to the lower classes only.

It is interesting to compare with today what was estimated
in 1827 as the cash value of contribution of Sunday school
teachers. At 33 cents a Sabbath, the established rate at which
teachers were first paid, today, at the same valuation the
Sunday school officers and teachers of the International field
are contributing $26,717,210, and think of the voluntary ser-
vices of men and women today, that no amount of money
could buy. This work like all great movements met with
severe opposition. As late as 1820, in a town in Connecticut a
young girl gathered a class in the gallery of a church; when
discovered she was forbidden by the pastor and church authori-
ties on the ground that she was desecrating God's day and
God's house, and the pastor told her to leave, and spoke
of the party as "You imps of Satan, doing the devil's work."

See the wonderful change in 50 years. For in 1876 Dr.
Horace Bushnell, perhaps the greatest moulder of theological
thought in the 19th Century said "Now I have come to see

60

that the work of the Sunday school is the greatest work in the
World. Sometimes I think it is the only work." Since 1876
four Presidents of this great nation, Grant, Hayes, McKinley
and Roosevelt, have from the Presidential chair written special
messages of counsel and encouragement to the Sunday school
workers of this land. God in His wise Providence has ap-
pointed two great bodies, organized for the purpose of further-
ing His Great Work, among the children.

One is the American Sunday School Union, which has for its
special object the establishing of Sunday schools in destitute
places, with men sent out well equipped in heart and mind to
do this special work and who have been greatly blessed, and
much success met with, and today churches are found all over
the land, as the outcome of the organizing of a Sunday school
in what was once a destitute territory.

The other great body is the International Sunday School
Association, which arranges for the organization of all schools
into Conventions and Institutes and have them taught and
trained for better work. One organizes and assembles, the other
teaches and trains.

The modes of teaching have been wonderfully improved,
originally it was to memorize parrot fashion, a large number
of verses of scripture, without understanding anything of
what they said. Today we still have the memory system but
confined to a few verses with each class, having a teacher to
explain and illustrate what the children learn.

In 1872 the Uniform lessons were adopted and this made
possible a steady improvement in Sunday school literature,
both in book and periodical, as an aid to the Bible, for Officers,
Teachers and Pupils. Today the whole world is studying the
same lesson, from the same passage of God's word.

We find that in 1832 the first National Sunday School Con-
vention assembled in New York, of 28 States and Territories
then, 14 were represented by 220 delegates. Compare this
with the Convention of 1905 at Toronto, when Central America,
Cuba, Hawaii, Mexico, Montana, Philippines, Porto Rico,
and England and all over the United States, over 3,000 de-
legates were present, and representing in the world 262,131
Sunday schools, 2,426,888 teachers, 22,730,323 scholars,
or a grand army of 25,614,916 enlisted in this great army, of
which, Jesus Christ is Commander in Chief.

61

Our Work is Boundless.

Truly we have a goodly heritage. Let us go into the average
well equipped Sunday school of today, we find firsthand fore-
most in the work, the pastor, with his loving care and guiding
hand, and spiritual influence. The school is thoroughly organi-
zed in its own building, with Superintendent, Assistant, Secre-
tary, Treasurer, Librarian, Ushers, Teachers and large number
of pupils, oftentimes spirited singing, accompanied with
instruments. Add to the joy of the praise service, black-
boards, charts, models and a Bible in the hand of each scholar,
makes the study of the word, at once entertaining as well as
instructive. The hour for meeting is fully occupied, and
passes quickly, making an earnest desire in the hearts of those
attending, to have another session as early as possible.

The work of school does not cease on Sunday, but is dilli-
gently pursued all through the week, by officers and teachers
and Home Department, and cradle roll workers, with miss-
ion bands and boys' brigades, all making jovous in the love of
God.

It is a high honor in the world today to be enrolled in this
mighty army which contains some of the mighty men of our
land. In a class next to the one I teach each Sunday is one
of the high officials of our State, while veterans, with one
coat-sleeve empty, who have fought for their country, are
now proud and happy to fight for the Prince of Peace, against
the armies of Satan.

I have listened to men of high rank in both business and pro-
fessional life as they taught the word to eager listeners. With
great occasions as Ptally Day, Decision Day, Anniversary Day,
there is a constant stimulus, an eager looking forward to,
an incentive for higher and better work, and more punctual
attendance .

Go with me as we visit the up-to-date Sunday school, be-
ginning with its cradle roll, and going by regular gradations
up through to the Home Department where we find the ' ' Shut
In's" and the enfeebled all at work. The Sunday school of
today is the whole church studying the Bible. You and I
are a part of this organized army. Some have more im-
portant duties than others, some lead, others follow, but the
responsibility of Teachers, Leaders and Scholars is all the same.
What will we do for its success?

The Educational Work of the Church*

Historical Review of the Work of the Ladies' Educa-
tion Society of the Second Presbyterian Church.

Compiled by Miss Sarah Ann Smyth.

EXERCISES OF MONDAY, MAY 3, 1909.

The Ladies' Education Society of the Second Presbyterian
Church dates back to the earliest years of the Church's ex-
istence.

The work of education was carried on at first in connection
with "the Congregational and Presbyterian Association" of
the city. This connection existed in 1815 and continued until
1821, six years.

The congregation of this Church, having grown and strength-
ened, under the fostering care of their first pastor, now realized
its own powers and abilities When Mr. Boies became pastor,
after Dr. Flinn's death, he felt it advisable that the women
should form their own Education Society, distinct from the
general Association to be called the Second Female Education
Society. The meeting to organize was held, and about fifty
ladies were present. They withdrew from the older Associa-
tion, in a friendly, harmonious manner; many members of the
other congregations while remaining in the older Society en-
couraged this new enterprise by joining it as well, some of
them becoming life members

Mrs. Alexander Black, wife of one of the founders of the
Church, was elected president; Mrs. Samuel Robertson, vice-
pre ident, and Miss Elizabeth Robertson, secretary and treas-
urer. Four directresses were appointed, their duty being to
cut out and prepare the work for the members. When finished
the work was sold by the directresses and the money placed in
the treasury.

A constitution was drawn up, the first article designating
the name, Second Female Education Society of Charleston.

Second Article, the object of this Society: To assist in educa-
ting some pious, promising young men of talent, preparatory

63

to a course of theological studies or in maintaining them at the
Theological Seminary at Princeton, which students shall be
from the State of South Carolina, unless none such can be ob-
tained, and then to be selected from any other State the Society
shall approve.

Third Article: This Society shall meet weekly; each meeting
shall be opened with reading the Scriptures; one of the members
shall read during the meeting some appropriate and instructive
book, that reader to be appointed monthly; the meeting to be
closed with prayer The other articles of the constitution
refer to the duties of officers, to their election, etc.

The meetings were to be held weekly, on Thursday morning
from 11 until 2 o'clock. The dues to be one dollar yearly.
The payment of ten dollars constituted one a life member.

The minutes of those early meetings show the deep earnest-
ness of the members, and their regular attendance. Mr.
Boies took great interest in the work, and often met with the
ladies — encouraging by his presence and sympathy, and as-
sisting in the correspondence necessary in choosing a suitable
beneficiary.

Assistance to Students for the Ministry.

Mr. LeRoy Davis, from South Carolina, applied for assist-
ance to the Society. After much discussion as to his claims,
and those of another candidate from Virginia, it was decided
to take Mr. Davis as their beneficiary, and in December, 1822,
he complied with the requirements of the constitution by re-
porting to Princeton Seminary. He finished his theological
studies in 1825, being under the care of the Society for four
years, and receiving from them in that time the sum of six
hundred dollars.

In 1824 it was deemed best, the amount raised yearly by the
Society not being sufficient to enable a student at Princeton to
meet all expenses, that this money should be sent to the Board
of Education of the General Assembly, to be used by their
agent, the Rev. S. S. Davis, in assisting needy theological
students. This plan was adopted and continued for ten years,
and the amount sent to the board was $2,030.

In the meantime the Synods of South Carolina and Georgia
determined to build a Theological Seminary in Columbia,
South Carolina, which was opened for students in 1830. This
was a cause of great rejoicing and great benefit to the young
men of the South. It necessitated, however, a change in the
constitution of this Society, which in 1832 was necessarily

64

modified to meet the new conditions. At the same time the
name was changed to the Female Education Society of the
Second Presbyterian Church.

Article II was changed to read thus: "The object of this
Society, as auxiliary to the General Assembly's Board of Educa-
tion, shall be to assist in educating pious young men for the
Gospel ministry, preference being always given to those who
are natives of our own State, and also to the Theological Semin-
ary of our own Synod." After this the beneficiaries of this
Society usually attended the Seminary at Columbia.

Work: Social and Serious.

Anniversary meetings were always of great interest, and
were well attended, The pastors of the Church met with the
ladies, and after the business was attended to and reports read,
addressed them in words of commendation, stimulating and
urging them to greater efforts.

The weekly meetings of the Education Society were of great
benefit to the women of the Church, not onby because of the
work done there, and the more serious matters discussed and
provided for, but as pleasant social gatherings, where they
learned to know and appreciate each other. Occasionally they
were visited by strangers in the city, ministers from other
places, who were brought to their meetings by their pastor.
As may be imagined these visits were most interesting and en-
couraging.

But, in spite of all this prosperity and enthusiasm, we see
by the records that, as is always the way in societies, there were
periods of depression, just such as we ourselves meet at times.
We need not, therefore, feel discouraged or envious of our
mothers, but only realize that, like them, we must persevere
and overcome indifference and misfortunes.

While it had been generally the habit to meet at the homes
of different members for quite a long period the Society met in
the parlor of the Charleston Orphan House. At least one of
the members still remembers that, as a child, she was taken
there regular y to make herself useful by threading the needles
for the old ladies.

"The Society Basket."

The office of directress continued in 1837, when a change
was made in the manner of selling the work. It had become
quite a hard task for the directresses to dispose of the work, and
yet the income of the Society depended largely on these sales.

65

The use of the basket began and a reliable person was employed,
and a small percentage paid on the sales. This plan and the
use of the basket has been a feature of the Society ever since.

An Historical Legacy.

In 1855 an active and liberal member, Miss Sarah Arms, died
leaving a portion of her property, one thousand dollars, to the
Society, to be used in educating young men for the ministry.
This legacy was known as the Arms' Legacy. The amount
was invested and only the interest used. We quote from the
annual report of the treasurer, November, 1873: "During the
war between the States, as a matter of course, the principal
had to be invested in Confederate bonds, and, as we supposed,
therefore, was all lost. We have recently heard this was not
entirely so. The executors of Miss Arms' will did invest five
hundred in one bond, which was lost The other five hundred
dollars was held by another gentleman, Mr. Robert Adger,
who has told us lately that he still has it in his possession, and
with the interest accruing, which he is willing to pay, it has
increased to an amount more than the original one thousand
dollars. This sum he holds subject to our order, and as we
supposed it would be deemed best to allow it to remain with
him. Efe will continue to pay us the lawful interest, and we
can draw from him every year seventy dollars."

This amount of one thousand dollars was paid over to the
treasurer in 1881, and placed in the Germania Savings Bank
in Charleston, S. C. The interest thereof is used yearly when
necessary to make up the full amount to defray our pledges.

The Society also received a legacy from Miss Annie R. Rob-
inson of one thousand dollars. This amount was not paid
over until 1907 and owing to some legal difficulties the Soci-
ety received only $737.56. The members of the Society de-
cided to invest this sum and to add the yearly interest until
the amount reaches one thousand dollars. (The amount has
increased to $825.63.) Then as with Miss Arms' legacy to
use the interest.

Liberality of the Men of the Church.

While this has been a woman's society, it has never been
neglected by the men of the Church. Their donations,
from the earliest beginning of the work to the present time,
have been continued and generous. By their liberality we
have been enabled to meet all calls upon the treasury, and to

66

keep up all obligations entered into. We have never failed
in promises to a beneficiary.

Immediately after the war in 1869, when the Society was
again taking up its work, Mr. J. N. Robson came forward,
and offered to contribute two hundred dollars a year. This
timely aid inspired the members with renewed courage and
determination to push on.

Officers and Members.

Mrs. T. Charlton Henry, wife of the Rev. Dr. Henry, was
the second president of the Education Society, with Mrs. John
Robinson as vice president, and Miss Elizabeth Robertson
secretary and treasurer. Mrs. Henry continued in office un-
til after the death of Dr. Henry in 1828.

Mrs. Gibbs held the office for two years, with Mrs. Isaac A.
Johnson as vice president. In December, 1831, Mrs. John-
son was elected president, and continued so, with the excep-
tion of two years, until 1840, when Mrs. Thomas Smyth, who
had been secretary and treasurer since 1830, was elected pres-
ident. Mrs. Samuel Robertson, who had been vice president
when the society was organized, was re-elected to that office
and Miss Susan D. Adger was secretary and treasurer. These
ladies continued in office until their removal by death. Mrs.
Robertson in 1893, and Mrs. Smyth and Miss Adger the same
year, 1884, each having been in office fifty years.

The history of the Society during this long period was most
remarkable. The list of members increased to 150 active
members in 1846. The meetings were large and enthusiastic
and the amount of work, subscriptions and donations multi-
plied.

It is interesting to note that during the war the Society con-
tinued to hold its meetings until 1863, but was obliged then
to stop, as the members were scattered.

In 1884 Mrs. G. R. Brackett became president, and Miss
Jane A. Adger secretary and treasurer. Miss Adger died in
1889, when Miss Sarah A. Smyth was elected to fill her place
as secretary and treasurer.

After the death of the Rev. Dr. Brackett, in 1903, Mrs.
Brackett left the city and resigned her office.

Mrs. J. Ellison Adger, daughter of a former president, Mrs.
Isaac A. Johnson, was elected president and served until her
death, in 1905, with Miss S. A. Smyth as secretary and treas-
urer.

67

On the death of Mrs. Adger, Miss Sarah A. Smyth was elected
president and treasurer, and Mrs. J. E. Edgerton vice presi-
dent. Mrs. Edgerton remained in office two years when she
declined re-election. Miss Elizabeth J. Adger took her place,
and thus inherits the work, not only of her mother, but of
her grandmother.

The present officers are Miss S. A. Smyth, president and
treasurer, and Miss Elizabeth J. Adger, vice president. Miss
Adger has charge of the basket and its supplies.

To return to the earlier records :

Assistance- Given to Men of Mark.

The Education Society continued until 1836 to send its funds
through the Rev. S. S. Davis, agent of the General Assembly's
Board of Education, to be used as he deemed best. Then
two young men of the congregation expressed their determi-
nation to study for the ministry, and applied to the Educa-
tion Society for assistance, neither of them having finished his
college courses. These appeals aroused the zeal and interest
of the members, and, being encouraged by their pastor, Dr.
Smyth, they determined to undertake the support of these
young men, instead of contributing through the General As-
sembly's Board. One of the students was Dr. Charles A. Still-
man. He was under the care of the Society for seven years,
passing through both college and seminary. Dr. Stillman
was connected with the Tuscoloosa Theological Seminary for
negroes, and accomplished a good work there.

The long list of names of those who have been connected with
the Education Society is most remarkable and interesting.
Many have become men of mark in the church, ministers of
prominence, missionaries in the foreign field, professors in col-
leges. A few mav be mentioned besides Dr. Stillman in 1839.
Dr. William Flinn in 1842, Wm. L. Hughes in 1844, Dr. David
L. Buttolph in 1859, assistant pastor with Dr. Smyth; Dr.
William P. Jacobs, Dr. Hampden C. DuBose, 1869, now in
China; Drs. Jerry Witherspoon, J. William Flinn, James J.
Chisolm and on and on, until seventy names completed the
roll. Seventy-seven young men assisted by the Education
Society. Six missionaries in the foreign field. Of this entire
number fifteen have been from our own congregation.

In a report read by the then secretary, Miss Margaret M.
Adger, (Mrs. Thomas Smyth) at an anniversary meeting, she
writes: "Who can calculate the amazing results of these labors
of love. A single soul is worth more than a world. And how

68

many souls may we not hope will be saved through the instru-
mentality of these already sent into the field. Add to these
the probable number that may be brought to embrace the
Gospel and be prepared for the Kingdom of Heaven by their
labors; how vast the amount. And when we look again at the
influence which these, in their turn, will exert upon others,
who can calculate the result. Looking forward to the Judg-
ment Day, we behold a vast multitude whom no man can num-
ber, before the throne of God and the Lamb, who have been
brought there instrumentally by the humble labors of this
Society. In that day will any of us regret the little sacrifices
we may have made in this good cause? <, Will we regret the
instrumentality we may have had in the salvation of souls?
Let us press forward with renewed ardour in the noble work
and remember the promise is 'they that turn many to right-
eousness, shall shine as the stars forever and ever.'

Eighty Years.

We date the age of the Education Society from the year
1821, although the members were connected with the Congre-
gational and Presbyterian Association from 1815, which makes
this Society eighty years old. And, during all these years it
has never deviated from the one object for which it was or-
ganized. During that time there have been seven hundred
and six names of members on the roll, and the amount raised
in those years has been $40,791.50.

BENEFICIARIES OF THE EDUCATION SOCIETY

Before the War

1822-1825, J. Le Roy Davis
1824-1835, Rev. S. S. Davis
1829-1836, F. Gibert
1834-1836, Jas. L. Cozby
1836-1844, Chas. A. Stillman
1836-1840, Wm. J. Johnson
1840-1842, George C. Logan
1841, Thos. L. McBryde

1842-1845, Wm. Flinn
1843-1846, Henry Newton
1844-1846, Wm. L. Hughes
1845-1846, S. S. Gaillard
1846-1847, John McLees
1847-1849, Joseph Porter

1847-1849, Wm. Haddin
1847-1852, J. Evans White
1847-1853, Wm. J. McCormick
1847-1855, Robert Small
1847-1855, Arthur Small
1853, Wm. Green

1854-57, 1858-60, Robert W.

McCormick
1854-1857, E. O. Frierson
1855-58-59, To Theological
Seminary, Columbia, S. C.
1855-1859, A. P. Miller
1856, Thomas E. Smith

1857-1859, David C. Buttolph

69

1857-186,1, Madison Duncan
1857-1863, George J. Porter
1859-1862, Robert M. Ander-
son

1860-1862, Mr. Blackford
1860-1862, J. B. Mack
1861-1864, Wm. P. Jacobs

Total, to Thirty Students, from 1822 to 1864 $ 22,132. 00

After the War

1869-1873, Theological Semi- 1896-

nary, Columbia, S. C.

1869-1870, Hampden C. Du- 1897-

Bose

1870-1873, C. E. Chichester 1898,

1873-1874, Jerry Witherspoon 1898,

1874-1875, J. William Flinn 1898-
1876-1877, James J. Chisolm

1877-1880, Chas. M. Shepard 1898-

1880-1881, Theological Semi- 1899-

nary, Columbia, S. C. 1900-

1882-1884, Edwin Muller 1901-

1882-1885, J. R. Howeston 1902-

1882-1884, M. M. Hooper 1903-

1883-1886, J. H. Lumpkin 1904-
1884-1887, B. A. Wilson

1884-1887, Saml. P. Fulton 1904-

1885-1888, W. C. Alexander 1904-

1887-1890, Neel L. Anderson 1905-

1887-1889, Jas. A. Bryan 1905,
1888-1891, George G. Mayes

1889-1892, W. O. Shewmaker 1906-

1889-1891, Luther A. Oates 1906-

1891-1893, S. M. Rankin 1906-

1892-1893, J. M. Wells 1906-

1892-1896, J. M. Mecklin 1906-

1893-1895, E. R. Leyburn 1907

1894-1897, John H. Grey 1908

1895-1897, Hugh R. Mur- 1908

chison

Total, to Forty-seven Students, from 1869 to 1908

$ 18,839.50

Total Assistance, from 1822 to 1908, to Seventy-seven

Students, (Fifteen Church Members) $ 40,971 .50

1898, Hervey McDowell,
Jr.

1900, Frank H. Ward-
law

R. C. Bell

S. W. Brown

1899, Duncan W. Doug-
las

1900, H. Maxcy Smith
1902, T. F. Haney

1901, Alexander Martin
1904, L. W. Brown

1904, J. J. Brown

1905, Palmer C. DuBose

1906, Warner H. Du-
Bose

1906, P. H. Moore
1905, J. B. Branch
1908, J. R. Rowan

Student Room, Col-
umbia Seminary

1908, A. T. Bridgeman

1909, T. J. Hutchinson

1907, C. B. Yeargan

1908, J. B. Coker

1907, J. C. McPheeters

1908, Yosip Benjamin
W. H. Hamilton
W. J. Roach

70

The several contributed amounts to the Theological Seminary
at Columbia have been by simple cash gift, to the Seminary's
Contingent Fund, after the War, and to the Students' Room,
gifts at Dr. Mack's discretion, and for use of needy students;
the assistance to students at large is not confined to the State
alone, aid having been extended most willingly, to the extent
of the Society 's means, to students in Alabama, North Carolina,
Louisiana, Princeton, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania.

The Missionary Achievements of the

Church*

Historical Sketch of the Missionary Work of the
Second Presbyterian Church.

Compiled by Mrs. Mary McD. Stickney.

EXERCISES OF TUESDAY, MAY 4, 1909.

In a lecture at Westminister Abbey on the day of interces-
sion for missions in 1873, Professor Max Muller classified the
religions of mankind as missionary and non-missionary, the
former were alive, the latter were dying or dead. A classifica-
tion, says Sir Alfred C. Lyall, which was not based on an un-
important or accidental characteristic, but rested on what was
the very heart-blood in every system of human faith.

At the beginning of the nineteenth century, we are told, the
whole Church, both at home and abroad, "was engaged in
diffusing the light of the Gospel," "Societies were formed
numbering multitudes of subscribers." Missionary reports
were everywhere distributed and young men aspired to the
work. Gary and his associates were in India and the Judsons
in Burma. It was during this time that the Second Presb)r-
terian Church was organized. Into such an atmosphere as that
she came. Charleston being then a commercial centre of im-
portance was in a position to realize the needs of the East, and
early exerted herself to assist the missionary effort in India.
Since early in the century the Congregational and Presbyterian
denominations, worked together, it has been difficult to find
many separate efforts of either denomination at the beginning.
The records speak of a school in India called the Charleston
School, and of the Juvenile Heathen School Society, which
had branches in all the Sabbath schools and in some of the day
schools and young ladies' seminaries. The female Missionary
Society sent $170 in 1819 and an individual $100. In 1822
T. Fleming, President of Second Church, and others gave $184
to Foreign Missions. In 1828 The Female Missionary Society

72

of the same church gave Si 10 and the Female Auxiliary $120.
These items taken from the reports of the American Board
indicates the direction of this church's effort at that time.

Although Foreign Missions occupied so much of the atten-
tion of christians in the early part of the 19th century, Do-
mestic Missions were not neglected. It was a work which
engaged the attention of the Presbyteries and the Synod from
the first. The destitutions within their own bounds and the
aborigines on their own borders were subjects of anxious
thought. The General Assembly in 1800 appointed the Rev.
Jas. Hall Missionary to the Natchez for several months. The
Synod of the Carolinas sent the Rev. Messrs. J. H. Bowman
and William Montgomery to accompany him. Dr. Howe says
hardly any domestic Missionary effort of this last century has
been covered with greater success or awakened a deeper interest
than in this department of Christian effort.

The Missionary Society of the Synod of South Carolina.

The Assembly remitted to the Synod of the Carolinas the
matter of sending Missionaries into the destitutions within
their own bounds and to the remote Southwest, and in 1819
The Missionary Society of the Synod of South Carolina and
Georgia was organized for that purpose. Among its officers we
find names of interest to this church. The Recording Secretary
was Rev. T. C. Henry who afterwards became her pastor. The
Rev. Andrew Flynn and William Pressley among the managers,
Pastor and Elder.

As has been said the Synod of the Carolinas had the care of
the destitutions within her own bounds and of the remote South-
west.

The missionaries were of two kinds, pastors temporarily
withdrawn from their charges, and licentiates who were to
preach, and if possible, to congregate the people and begin
churches. Dr. Flinn himself had been appointed by the Com-
mission to this work just previous to his call to Second Church,
a church which has ever held missions as an important expres-
sion of her spiritual life. She has earnestly, even anxiously
striven to sustain those who go forth to preach the Gospel to
every creature. Princeton Seminary advised, if it did not re-
quire, its licentiates to itinerate in the South, taking their
instructions from those appointed by the Synod of the Caro-
linas to whom the matter had been left by the General Assem-
bly.

73

The writer has been struck by the number of men afterwards
prominent in the Church who began their careers as mission-
aries .

City Missions.

In addition to the Foreign and Domestic Missionary efforts
were the City Missions. The Charleston Bible Society was or-
ganized in 1810. The Religious Tract Society was formed in
1815. In the same year The Congregational and Presbyterian
Union Female Association for assisting in the Education of
pious youth for the gospel ministry was formed. In three
years it had raised and expended over $5,000, and founded a
Scholarship in Princeton Seminary. In 1818 the Marine Bible
Society was formed and the Female Domestic Missionary So-
ciety was established to provide and support Missions in the
City of Charleston. Alfred Wright was their first missionary.
He was afterward missionary to the Choctaws; Aaron War-
ner was their next missionary. A preaching place was provided
and committees of invitation assisted the missionary in his
work. The Rev. Joseph Brown was their missionary the same
year. He directed his attention to the seaman preaching at
Mariner's Church, and laboring elsewhere during the week.
The Marine Bible Society supplied Bibles; Bethel Union lent its
aid. In January, 1823, Mr. Brown came under the auspices of
the Charleston Port Society. In parting with the ladies he
recommends a mission chapel in some central spot and a perma-
nent missionary, and points out a new field for their labors. An
earlier missionary was the Rev. Jonas King, who was with them
from November, 1819, to May, 1820. He, too, had preached
to seamen, visited Sunday schools, found his way in Jewish
families, attended the Orphan House, Alms House and Marine
Hospital. "The formation of the Society," says he, in his
report May, 1820, "I hail as the appearance of a star over this
city like that at Bethlehem." The Rev. Jonas King had been
ordained with the special view of laboring among seamen at the
same time Rev . Alfred Wright was ordained with a view to his
joining the school at Elliot under the Rev. Cyrus Kingsburg.

The Congregational and Presbyterian Missionary Society for
promoting the interests of religion which had existed for some
time, changed its name to The Congregational and Presbyterian
Missionary Society of South Carolina. In 1818 they employed
the Rev. Henry White. They also wanted to engage Messrs.
King and Smith as Missionaries for destitute parts of South
Carolina and to support Rev. Mr. Kingsburg as their Mis-
sionary among the Choctaws.

n

The Juvenile Missionary Society.

The Second Presbyterian Church had been for some time
without a settled pastor, when in 1831 the Rev. Thomas Smyth,
studying at Princeton College, was invited to visit them.
While a student in London Mr. Smyth had offered himself to
the London Missionary Society, but not being considered
sufficiently robust his hope was disappointed. In an address
delivered before a meeting of the friends of Sunday schools, in
the Wentworth Street Baptist Church, he says, "when I was
first led to cherish the hopes of the Gospel, the first field in
which I attempted to exercise and develop the principles of
true piety was the Juvenile Missionary Society."

Mr. Smyth was an enthusiastic believer in missions. Realiz-
ing that what is learned in childhood becomes the habit of
riper years, he very early in his ministry began urging on the
congregation the duty of educating their children in the value
and need of missions. To this end the Juvenile Missionary
Society was formed. The meetings were to be held quarterly
at the Depository, in Chalmers street. To further the interest
of the Society a little magazine was published called the
Missionary Paper. Cards conveniently ruled were distributed
to such of the children and teachers as wished them, on which
was entered the amounts they gave or collected from family
or friends. The cards were to be returned with the amounts
at the quarterly meeting, when, by the presence of parents and
friends, singing, interesting talks and the exhibition of curiosi-
ties from heathen lands, the meeting was to be made as much
of an occasion as possible to encourage the children.

Very respectable sums were collected. A copy of the little
magazine lies before the writer, dated June, 1833. Inside the
cover is the treasurer's report for the preceding quarter:

A church collection. . . .$ 31.56
The Gentlemen 's Mis-
sionary Society 108.00

Collection handed in. . . 187.23

$ 326.79

700 Copies of the Mag-
azine were printed
and paid for 22.00

700 Copies for the

succeeding quarter. . . 22.00
Small expenses 50 $ 44.50 $ 282.29

75

Which, by the vote of the Society, was given for the missions
in China. Here began the work of Second Church in China.
The next quarter $206 was voted to India.
The contents of the magazine embraced letters from mission-
aries, articles descriptive of the country, the ways of the people
and the lives of the missionaries in foreign lands; in short, any-
thing which would give information or excite interest. Years
after the minutes of Session record a committee appointed
to canvass, and later the magazines are ordered distributed
where they will do the most good, on the principle that when
there is no information there is no interest.

In 1834 we find recorded a legacy from Ed. Ogier, $20.

Ten years later Session is found taking it into consideration
how the subject of missions can be brought more fully to the
attention of the Sunday school. Dr. Smyth preaches a sermon
to the teachers and scholars, at which a good degree of interest
is manifest.

In 1848 Maria Moore, a colored member of the Church and
widow of R. Moore, transferred eight shares of Bank of South
Carolina stock for the purpose of assisting the Foreign Mission-
ary Society in Africa, interest on which was tp be given to Mr.
Catto as long as he labored there and maintained his Christian
character.

In June, of the same year, Session having taken into con-
sideration the duty and advantage of bringing up the young, in
the spirit and practice of missionary effort, and considering
the difficulties which have been found in securing the attend-
ance of children and of parents and teachers at any hour during
the business day, resolved that an hour of the Sunday-school
on Sabbath once a quarter be devoted to services appropriate
to the mission cause. An interesting programme was pre-
pared. The money collected was to be given for the support of
mission schools.

In 1849 a deed, legally executed by the Hon. Mitchell King
and recorded, gave, by Maria Moore, widow of R. Moore, by
whose request the donation is made, three lots of land, the in-
come from which is to be appropriated to the advancement of
foreign missions.

The clerk of Session was ordered to transmit their thanks
to Maria Moore for her very valuable and generous gift. The
Missionary Society still reaps the benefit of the bequest. Not
only is the amount of interest a considerable help in increasing
the Society's usefulness, but it serves as a rallying point for

76

slackened energies, a point from which to take courage and go on.
In 1851 Samuel Mick is to join the Church in South Africa.

Rev. John B. Adger in Smyrna.

In 1833 the Rev. John B. Adger, a member of Second Church,
offers himself at the close of his theological course, pursued at
Princeton Seminary, to the American Board of Commissioners
for Foreign Missions. While awaiting his appointment, the
Southern Board of Missions sends him as agent to represent the
cause in the Synod of the Carolinas. During his tour he visited
sixteen churches and collected upwards of $2,400.

Being appointed to Armenia, with his wife and five other
missionaries, he sailed from Boston for Smyrna, where he ar-
rived after sixty-four days. Mr. Adger 's work was to be the
care of the presses and the translating of the New Testament
as soon as he had acquired the language. There was an ancient
Armenian New Testament held in high repute among scholars,
but in Mr. Adger 's day the language had so changed through
the admixture of foreign words, few could read it. The
Armenians are a scattered people, living all over Asia. It was
felt that if they could be evangelized these groups would be
centres to diffuse the light of the Gospel. There was also
published a magazine of useful knowledge, Pilgrim's Pro-
gress, an abridged copy of D'Aubigne's History of the Refor-
mation and tracts or pamphlets suitable for advancing the
cause. Mr. Adger had taken with him a copy of a catechism
the Rev. C. C. Jones had used in his work in Liberty County,
Georgia. As soon as his Armenian translator saw it he was
urgent to have it translated for use among his own people,
which was done, largely, not literally.

The missionary loved his work. After laboring happily for
twelve years he came home for a year, He had had a bad
attack of smallpox, made a slow recovery, and was left with
his eyes much weakened, a serious handicap for one much of
whose work was correcting proof.

Religious Instruction of the Negroes: Zion Church.

In 1847 circumstances connected with the American Board
of Foreign Missions having compelled Mr. Adger to give up his
return to Smyrna, his attention was drawn to the religious
condition of the negroes in Charleston. In Dr. Smyth's church
were some three hundred members . "I often looked at them as
they sat in their gallery," writes Dr. Adger, "and felt how far

77

preaching to his white congregation went over their heads. At
length my resolution was taken to devote myself to the religious
instruction of the negroes. ' ' Mr. Adger laid the matter before
the Session and made the proposition to be their pastor, the
Sunday school teachers from Second Church continuing their
work. Such a proposal under existing conditions required
serious consideration. However, it was all finally arranged and
the basement of the Second Presbyterian Church Lecture Room
fitted up for their exclusive use.

This was a domestic mission on a larger scale than usual, the
second of its kind in the city. Later, a church was built on An-
son street. After six years of most successful work, Mr. Ad-
ger's eyes failing, he was obliged to resign, and was succeeded
by the Rev. Ferdinand Jacobs, who served as pastor for two
years.

In May, 1853, the Rev. John L. Girardeau was invited to
take charge and accepted. Mr. Girardeau was a powerful
preacher and under his pastorate the congregation soon out-
grew its building. A lot on Calhoun street was secured and
the largest auditorium in the city was erected, called by the
negroes Zion Church. This work continued to increase and
prosper until the beginning of the war. The property, hay-
ing been given for the use of the colored Presbyterians, is
held by a trustee, and is still used by that denomination.

Activity Before the War.

In 1848 a mission work among the whites in the upper part
of the city, which was called the Neck, was undertaken by
the Session of the Second Presbyterian Church. A colporteur
was employed and supported for the purpose of visiting among
the people and distributing tracts and other religious matter.

While it has been shown that great activity in the work of
Foreign and Domestic Missions prevailed, and some of the
many ways in which the Second Presbyterian Church showed
her earnestness and zeal in the cause have been detailed it is
impossible to give the full amount contributed owing to the
fact that no report of the beneficiaries of the Church was
made to the Assembly before 1836, since the distribution was
in the hands of private societies, in distinction from boards,
which afterwards took charge and still do. We find in 1860
the Church began to prepare for her semi-centennial, which was
to take place in 1861. The records are made for twenty-three
years and show that:

78

For Home Missions $ 9,096.00

For Foreign Missions 14,546.00

Total of $23,642.00

had been contributed.

The Foreign Missionary Society.

It was 1869 before the Church again took up the support of
foreign missions and has continued in her effort to the present
time. There does not seem to have been any organized soci-
ety for the purpose until the coming of the Rev. Mr. Houston
from China in 1876. Mr. Houston had been a missionary
for some years and his health failing, Mrs. Houston, who was
also a missionary, brought him back to America in the hope
that the home climate would prove a cure. During his stay
in America he and Mrs. Houston embraced every opportunity
to present the cause of missions particularly in China.

The needs and the opportunities of that great nation so
appealed to the friends of missions in the Second Presbyterian
Church that, in January, 1876, the forming of a society was
discussed. The following week it was organized by Dr. Brack-
ets

Mrs. G. R. Brackett, president.

Miss S. D. A. Smyth, secretary and treasurer.

Miss M. C. Adger, recording secretary.

The meetings were to be held monthly in the Lecture Room
of the church. The plan of exercises was simple, varied to
first suit the circumstances . The first meeting was held in March
and, as had been the custom more than forty years before, the
children and youth were encouraged to take an interest in the
Society.

At the end of the year the treasurer, in the first annual re-
port, January, 1877, notes that the membership had increased
from 30 to 147, and that the amount collected was $230— $225
of which had been sent to Dr. Leighton Wilson, chairman of
the Southern Board of Foreign Missions, for the support of one
teacher and four scholars in Mrs. Randolph's Boarding School
for Girls in China. At the start they had told Mr. Houston
that they would try for $100, and were greatly rejoiced to
have more than doubled the amount, particularly considering
the political excitement and financial distress of the time.
After the reports Mr. J. N. Robson, who was present, made an
earnest appeal in behalf of Mrs. DuBose's Boarding School in

79

Soochow, which was in danger of being closed by the Board
for lack of funds, proposing that if the Society would give Mrs.
DuBose $100 he would pledge the Sunday school for $150.
After discussion the proposal was accepted.

Dr. Brackett then addressed the Society, congratulated
them on having exceeded their own expectations, and encour-
aged them to go forward in the work.

In the second annual report it is learned that by the sale of
some Chinese embroideries, donations and subscriptions, the
amount raised is $251. Of this amount there was sent to Dr.
Leighton Wilson for the use of Mrs. Randolph's school $150
and to Mrs. DuBose's school $100.

In May, 1878, appears the entry in the Society minutes 30
cents, a gift from a Society of little girls, called "The Little
Gleaners." The next we hear of the Little Gleaners is a gift
of $4.50 and again of $6.

Support of Mrs. DuBose's School in Soochow.

At the suggestion of Dr. Wilson the Society, in 1878, assumed
the entire charge of Mrs. DuBose's school. This meant the
raising of $350, of which the Sunday school would give $100.

In consequence of this Mrs. DuBose began a correspondence
with the Society. She wrote very interesting letters and by
her graphic descriptions helped to keep the Society interested
in its undertaking, and even the $35 extra asked for the en-
larging of her school room came without trouble. In her re-
ply she gave an account of a Chinese Christmas tree and en-
closed an original letter from a little Chinese boy, translated
by herself, thanking the Society for the increased comfort of
the school room. When the children heard her story they
were anxious to contribute and made up a package of gifts,
which was sent.

May, 1880, a united meeting of the Missionary Societies of
the Presbyterian Churches was held in Glebe Street Church.
The Rev. Dr. Adger, twelve years missionary to the Armenians,
addressed the meeting, also Dr. Leighton Wilson and the Rev.
Allan Wright, an Indian. The congregation was very much
interested in the latter, who told of the missionary who came
to them many 3'ears before, and how he had taken that mis-
sionary's name, Wright, and was himself a missionary.

Assisting Miss Safford's Work Among Women.

In 1884 came Miss Safford, the Soochow missionary. She
made a most touching appeal for those sisters on the other side

80

of the world, that to them, in their darkness and misery, might be
sent the comfort of a hope beyond the grave. Very soon after
Miss Safford's visit Dr. Davis met with the three Presbyterian
missionary societies and gave them much information on the
methods and results of the work in China . In his address he menr-
tioned, to the surprise of many, that after twelve years of ser-
vice, Dr. DuBose was still living in an unsanitary Chinese house.
He told also new things of Miss Safford's wonderful work among
the women, which so aroused the sympathy of the Society
that $70 were immediately raised in order that she might
secure the stereopticon she so much desired. Owing to the
conditions existing in China it became necessary that a home
for the single lady missionaries in Soochow should be secured.
Mrs. Josiah Sibley, of Augusta, Ga., undertook to raise the
full amount from the missionary societies of the Southern
Church. This Society keenly alive to the need and import-
ance of the plan, readily furnished S300. So great was the
enthusiasm of the societies that, in a very short time $3,145
was collected, sufficient to have the home built at once.
Miss Safford became the first inmate and it continued to be
her home for the remainder of her life.

In January 1887, Miss Loula Smythe was elected president
and Miss Sarah R. Smythe, secretary and treasurer. Mrs.
DuBose 's school was still the object of the Society's care.

In 1888 the Missionary Society in the Orphan House donated
a large box of fancy articles to be sold, the proceeds to be added
to the funds of this Society, proving how deeply interested
all were in the cause of missions.

Miss Essie Wilson Sent to the Foreign Field.

Miss Essie Wilson, a member of the Sunday school and of
the Missionary Society, determined to offer herself for the
foreign field in China. In May this Society and Sunday school
claimed the privilege of her support. Miss Baldwin, of Staun-
tn, Va., gave the necessary outfit and the first year's salary.
It was not, therefore, until 1889 that the Societ}^ became
responsible for Miss Wilson. The tie thus formed has strength-
ened and the love grown through all the following years. For
three years after Miss Wilson's arrival in China she was an
assistant in Mrs. Randolph's school in Soochow. In 1892 Miss
Wilson married the Rev. Francis Price, a missionary of the
Southern Church on the field. After their marriage they
opened the mission at Sinchang. The amount now required
for Mrs. Price's support was $400. Having $225 in hand over

81

the required amount, this was sent to Mrs. Price direct to use
as she saw fit, part of which she expended in fitting up a dis-
pensary, which proved of great assistance to her in her hospital
work. The Society later on enabled her to buy a house boat,
capable of carrying twenty people. With it they followed the
canals which everywhere cross the country, and were thus
enabled to penetrate into the outlying districts, extending the
work as would not otherwise be possible.

The Junior Missionary Society.

In 1899 Mrs. S. G. Stoney, the president, was obliged to
resign, and was succeeded in office by Miss Susan Smythe,
who was in turn succeeded by Mrs. George C. McDermid as
president. During her presidency new methods were tried to
increase the interest and attendance of the members, which
proved eminently successful.

In 1907 on the resignation of Mrs. McDermid, Mrs. Fraser,
wife of Rev. J. K. G. Fraser, pastor, was elected to the office.

In 1900 two young ladies of the Church were found willing
to make the first experiment in a Junior Missionary Society.
After a year Mrs. S. G. Stoney and Miss Amey N. Allan con-
tinued the effort. It is now firmly established under the
supervision of Miss A. N. Allan, and has been the means of
educating the younger members of the church in the work of
missions.

The Forward Movement.

At the Missionary meeting in July, 1907, the Rev. Mr. Fraser
addressed the Society and introduced the Rev. Mr. Coit, who
was on waiting orders for Korea. He had been appointed by
the Board of Foreign Missions to present the Forward Move-
ment to the societies and churches at large. After an inter-
esting talk on Korea, Mr. Coit explained the object of the
Forward Movement and urged the Society to adopt it. In
November Mr. Coit again visited Charleston and preached in
the Second Presbyterian Church, and then presented the cause
of the Forward Movement with such force and clearness that
the deepest interest was aroused, each one feeling the cause to
be his own. The result was that, in connection with the Mis-
sionary Society, the Church undertook the support of two
missionaries. At a meeting of the board of deacons the gen-
tlemen decided, instead of forming a committee in the church,
as the other churches do, to leave raising the amount to the
Missionary Society.

82
Home and Foreign.

Though the Church from its earliest history had been giving
through the Sunday collections to the cause of Home Missions,
there had never been a specific organization to undertake this
work until December, 1906, when Dr. Morris, the secretary of
the Board of Home Missions, came for the purpose of stirring
up interest in this cause. The strenuous life incident to es-
tablishing a home in a new country left the settler with
little thought and less time to take the initiative in estab-
lishing places of worship. To supply this need the Home Miss-
ionary department of the board was organized and for this
cause asked the aid of the older churches. The Second Church
agreed to undertake the support of one missionary for a year.
It was not deemed necessary to form another Society, but to
have the foreign and home departments work in unision, having
the same presiding officer and the same secretary, but two
treasurers. The plan has proved successful and the Society
has succeeded in fulfilling its pledges for the past two years
and has no reason to fear for the present year.

During all the years of the Society's existence there have
been frequent visits from missionaries, who have placed before
the home people such vivid pictures as only eye-witnesses can
present. Through these eyes we have looked on Japan, on
China, on India, on Persia, on Armenia, on Italy, on France,
on Brazil, on Mexico and on our Indians of the far West.
Among the host of names that might be mentioned are Mrs.
Francis Price, the DuBoses, Miss Kemper, Miss Davison, Mrs.
Randolph, Miss Safford, Mr. Painter and Dr. Reimer

In looking back over the one hundred years of Missionary
effort of this church, the difficulty of an exact summing up is
realized, when we find how closely the early years of her life
and givings are bound up in those of the Congregational and
Presbyterian Associations. It is not until 1836 that any thing
definite can be found. Even then figures may not be as full
as could be wished. From the General Assembly's minutes it
is learned that from 1836 to 1861 (42 and 53 no report) and from
1869 to 1908 inclusive, there was given $53,437 to the cause.

In closing a particularly interesting talk before the Missionary
Society of this church, the Rev. Mr. Graham said; "It is your
work. We are there, but you send us and are responsible. ' '

Note: By request of the Advisory Committee a sketch of the Junior Missionary
Society was prepared by Miss Amey N. Allan, and an historical account of the Moore
and the Arms' Funds, by Mr. J. N. Robson, as information contributory to Mrs.
Stickney's review. Letters and records from various sources, Dr. Roberts, of the
Northern Church, Dr. Chester and Dr. Law, are likewise to be acknowledged with
hearty thanks as sources of information.

Pastor 1903-19. . .

After Photograph 1909, by Holland,
Charleston, S. C.

Post-Centennial Sermon.

Preached in the Second Presbyterian Church
of Charleston, S» C

By the Pastor, the Rev* J. Keif Fraser, D. D.

SUNDAY, MAY 16, 1909.

Philippians, III, 13-14: — "One thing I do, forgetting the things
which are behind and stretching forward to the things which are
before, I press on toward the goal unto the prize of the calling of
God in Jesus Christ."

This is the favorite metaphor of the great Apostle. It is one
of the many figures which he borrowed from the games,
and athletic contests, which, at that time, were in fashion all
over the Roman world. Sometimes he referred to the brutal,
bloody Roman prize-fight, as when he spoke about fighting
the good fight, or about buffeting his own body. Oftener,
however, he had in mind the games and races of the Greeks,
when there came before his vision the runners and the chariot-
eers, whirling past, in their strenuous endeavor to be first at
the winning post. He liked to compare Christian life to one Of
these races; because it was into these things the young men of
that day flung themselves with all the energy and enthusiasm
of youth. These games, fortunately, were free from those
demoralizing traits which the money element introduces into
our modern American games. The prize was really of no in-
trinsic worth at all. It was, often, only a handful of leaves
woven into a crown, which St. Paul, you remember, called the
"corruptible crown" because it so quickly faded away. And
the runners, moreover, were not professionals; they were not
paid for their services; they were a*mateurs; and they came
from the best families of Greece.

These games must have had a wonderful effect on the youth
of that day — not only physically, but morally. There many

84

a young, indolent Greek, who would otherwise have been
dawdling his life away in vicious pleasures, would be taught
the fundamental lesson of temperance and self-control. And
many a man, who at other times seemed incapable of the least
exertion, or of suffering any kind of hardship, would put his
name down for these contests — and it was as if a new man had
been born into him — a man of iron endurance, capable of the
most splendid enthusiasms. There was nothing quite like it,
so far as I know, elsewhere in the ancient world.

So the great Apostle liked to draw figures of the Christian
life from these things. He admired all that energy and de-
termination and tenacity of purpose; only he wished that it
might all be brought over, and given to a higher service — as, I
feel sure, you and I often wish to-day. We think, that if only
one-half, or even one-fourth of the strength expended by young
men, in this City, on our public games, could only be brought
and laid at the Master's feet, for His service, what a glad
day it would be for all of our churches, and what a mighty
push forward would be given the wheels of the Kingdom of God.

Now you will understand that here the Apostle has the foot-
runner in view; and you can picture him for yourselves as the
apostle saw him: with body bent forward, all the brain power in
front, eyes so intently fixed on the winning-post as to be utterly
oblivious to everything behind him. He hears nothing but
the shouting of the spectators and the beat of his own heart
urging him on. And so on he goes, never looking back, ever
pressing forward, until the end. And this, says the Apostle, is
the correct attitude for all who have been called to the Christian
life: "Forgetting the things which are behind, I press on toward
the goal."

Before we go further let us try to get a general conception of
what the Apostle means by his figure as applied to the Christian
life. If I am not mistaken, what he means is this — that
the Christian life begins, continues, and ends in a looking up
and a pressing forward: it begins with shame, afterwards to be
oblivion, for the past, and with hope for the future, in utter
dissatisfaction with everything that has been done, and an
eager longing and striving for the better things that are to be.
It begins in this way, and it goes on in this way to the very end.
It makes no difference whether you are far advanced in Christ-

85

ian life, or have only just come into it, or are not in it yet at
all — this is the attitude for you. The Apostle, you note, ap-
plies it to himself: "This one thing I do. " Paul was a mature
Christian when he wrote these words. The Epistle to the
Philippians was written just before the end. For at least
thirty years he had been living a life of Christian endurance
and heroism such as the world had never seen before. If there
was one man in all the Church, or in all the World, who had a
right to look back upon those thirty years with a feeling of
complacent satisfaction, surely that man was Paul; yet he
flings it all behind him as not worth considering, as just a dead
thing, only a sort of stepping-stone on which to mount to
things higher. This was Paul's philosophy, always and every-
where. It runs like a silver thread through all his letters.
And he got this in the way we are all to get it — by beholding
Christ; because, when Jesus came into this world, became in-
carnate, and set before us the perfect man — the ideal man — the
man divine— it seems to me that what he intended to do was
to make this world utterly dissatisfied with the manhood which
had been lived and exemplified up to that time, and to set it
striving after the higher manhood that he had realized. It
seems to me that this is the inevitable effect which Christ has
upon everyone who looks upon Him with steadfast eyes. He
makes us ashamed and impatient of everything we have, so
far, done, and been, and He sets us striving after the higher
ideal which He exemplifies. The motto of our life becomes
this — can become only this: "One thing I do, forgetting the
things which are behind, and stretching forward to the things
which are before, I press on toward the goal."

This is the general thought. Let me, now, very briefly,
give it a three-fold application:

I. It applies to nations. Some one has called Paul "the
Apostle of the Western World. ' ' And the designation is correct.
Paul had an Eastern training, but a Western mind and a West-
ern outlook. And this he got directly from his interpretation
of Christ. The Western world has pre-eminently the spirit of
what we may call dissatisfaction with all past attainments,
however great, and a ceaseless, untiring pressing forward. All
Christian nations have this, more or less; and they have it,
it seems to me, exactly to the extent to which they are Christian ;

86

so much so that the non-Christian nations are entirely without
it. Without exception these nations are content to stand still,
stagnant, immovable, decaying. You say, ' ' There is one excep-
tion to this; is there not — Japan?" Japan, as yet, is not a
Christian nation; yet it is moving rapidly forward. Japan is
busily engaged in an imitation — or, perhaps, I ought to say, an
adaptation — of our Western ways, of our sciences, our machinery,
our civilization generally. Japan is appropriating the fruit and
branches, while rejecting the root and trunk; for mark — the
very root and trunk of our civilization is our religion. Japan is
saying, "We will take all that you have except your religious
faith;" which is about the same as saying "We will take the
body without the thought which keeps it going, animates it."
Japan is moving forward on an atheistic basis; and nobody who
has read history can have any hope for such a nation. If it ac-
cepts our religion, if it accepts the religion of Christ — as I be-
lieve it will, if you and I are faithful to the missionary obliga-
tion— all will be well. But if Japan rejects this religion, the
nation will take its place among the nations of the past. Either
this, or it will be the one, the only, exception to the rule in the
history of the world.

Think of the other non-Christian nations — China, Africa,
India, (so far as it is not affected by Christian influences), — they
are all exactly as they were 2000 years ago, or they have gone
back, and, some of them, a long way back. China was, at one
time, in the very fore-front of the world's civilization. You
know where it is to-day. True, in China, to-day, we see signs
of a great intellectual awakening, a result of Christian in-
fluences; and we hope that China will become a Christian
kingdom and take her place among the advancing nations.
But you all know the history of China as a non-Christian
empire — and know that until yesterday she was a carcass
with the eagles gathered around her.

The people of India were at one time a strong, a virtuous
people. With the exception alone of that Young India which
has felt, directly or indirectly, the influence of Christ, they
have fallen into mental indolence and apathy.

The Mohammedan nations, a thousand years ago, far sur-
passed the Christian nations in their knowledge of the arts
and sciences; but they have lost it all.

87

And the point of it all is this: — these nations have either
stood still or gone back, because they have lived upon their
past, gloried in their past, and found all perfection in their
past. They have had their eyes behind, while Christian na-
tions have gone on from stage to stage, increasing in intellect-
ual gifts, and moral qualities, and commercial greatness be-
cause they have had burnt into them, far deeper than they
knew, this great Christian Pauline thought: that nations ad-
vance in so far — and only in so far — as they forget the things
which are behind, and stretch forward to the things which are
before. And more than this: it is significant that the Christ-
ian nations which are the most progressive are without excep-
tion the nations of the Reformation, the Protestant nations
which took St. Paul as their great interpreter of Christian truth
next to the Master Himself; while the Catholic nations, like
Spain (to take an extreme instance), which never regarded St.
Paul as more than a second-rate Apostle, and never troubled
themselves with the study of his teachings, have, for the last
four centuries, had their eyes at the back, and have been stead-
ily declining.

Here then we have the one condition of progress. All history
emphasizes it: For a nation, or a society, or a city, to look
back and live in the past is to dig its own grave. While grate-
ful for all that was of good in the past, it must remember that
there are better things in the future; that a richer life and a
still nobler manhood are awaiting it in the days to come. Na-
tions advance always along these lines — ' ' Forgetting the things
which are behind I press on toward the goal."

II. Let me now in very simple words apply this truth to
our individual life. I can think, this morning, of just three
classes of people. They may or they may not all be represented
here; but this motto of the Apostle is true of them all:

First — there is that very large class of people who have be-
gun badly and continued badly up to the present. Their life
has simply been a blundering and a sinning all the way through.
It may be I am speaking to some such persons, this morning;
if so, I wish to say to you there is no hope for you whatever,
unless you can, in some way, leave all that wicked past be-
hind you, and, in a way forget it. The first thing to do is to

88

repent of it sincerely, to take a last look at it — a look of loathing
and of shame — then, carry it to the all-forgiving feet of Jesus,
and leave it there. And, when you have done this do not
think of it again, unless you are forced to do so; above all things,
don't talk about it. When I hear a man on a Christian plat-
form telling what a big sinner he has been, raking up all the
dirty, nasty past, and dwelling upon it with a sort of half-ex-
ulting glee, smacking his lips unctuously as if he rather liked
the taste of it, it always makes me feel as though he were not
far removed from being a big sinner still. If a man is striv-
ing after God and goodness he will want to think as little as
possible of an evil past; and he will not talk about it unless he
is forced to do so. If he has sincerely repented him of it, and
renounced it, and got it covered with God's great mercy, there
is no use brooding over it any more. If God has cast your
sins into the depth of the sea, it is not for you to fish them up
again. Come away from the cemetery where your sins lie bur-
ied. Don't disinter them; they smell vilely. Come away, to
the uplands, where the sweet, pure breath of Christ may play,
ay, may blow freely around you: forget the things which are
behind.

There is a second class. I hope there is no one of them here,
this morning: so far as I know, there is not. I refer to that
class who look back upon the past, not with any of the disturbed
feelings just indicated, but with a kind of satisfaction. They
have had a clean record so far as the world knows; they stand
high in public esteem ; they have been diligent and industrious,
and are respected by everyone. They know this, and it grati-
fies them. They are always shaking hands with themselves,
saying inwardly to others, " Walk so as ye have us for an ex-
ample." Now, so far as I know, there is no one here, this
morning, who belongs to this class: but, if there is, let me say
to you, lay hold of that self-conceit of yours, my brother, my
sister, and strangle it, or it will kill all the good there is left in
you. I tell you there is hardly one, no: there is not one of us,
here, this morning, who has ever done a single thing worthy
of the Christian name, or fit to lay at the bleeding feet of Him
who gave up everything for us. Our past is no better than the
scribbling of a child. Let us tear it up, and throw it into the
waste-basket! Let us forget the things which are behind;
they are not worth boasting.

89

But — there is a third class — and I know there are many of
them here, this morning — people who look back upon their
past Christian service, not with feelings of gratification, nor a
feeling of satisfaction, but just the reverse. They feel that their
efforts have all been so feeble, their growth so slow, their fail-
ures so many, that they are truly disheartened when they think
of it all. The message to these, — to you, my friends, — is the
same — ' 'forget those things which are behind. " It is not good
for any man, hopeless of amendment — it is not good for Christ-
ians— to brood morbidly over past failures. If done too much
it is discouraging, demoralizing, paralyzing; it makes a man
fear to attempt new things, because he feels sure that he will
fail. Do not let your failures drag you down. Ignore them;
start again, trusting in the strength of Christ, and He will sur-
prise you with unexpected victories. So, to all and every one
of us, comes this word, this morning: " Forgetting the things
behind I press on toward the goal."

III. I have left myself but a few moments to speak of the
third application of the text, and yet only a few moments are
needed.

We have here what always has been, and always must be
the watchword of the Church in all its spiritual warfare and en-
deavor:

No Church, however glorious its past, ever assumes any at-
titude other than that which is expressed in the word "For-
ward. ' No living Church sighs to bring back anything from
the days of the past; it is, on the contrary, always praying for
new, and better, things. There are people who are constantly
sighing for the glorious days the Church had, in some time, long
ago, when it was all one body, and there were no divisions,
and no sects, when people all believed the same things, and
worshipped according to the same form, and when all loved one
another — which, by the way, they never did. My friends, I
have no sympathy whatever with those people who believe
that the golden days of the Church were in the Fourth Century,
or the Third Century, or any century that lies behind. What
was there even in the first century that you and I, and all, do
not possess, to-day, in this Twentieth Century? "Ah! there
was the Master, working miracles.' " you say. But listen:
" Lo, I am with you always, even unto the end of the world. ' '

90

"But," you say, "the apostles were there, doing their won-
drous works." That same mighty Spirit which gave them
all their wonderful gifts, we have with us still. The golden
days, I tell you, are always in the future; the Church is ever
pressing on toward the goal, away from that dead uniformity
which some would bring back, and, through all divisions,
to that spiritual oneness which is in Christ. It is pressing
on, from worldiness, commercialism and apathy, to Christ-like
conduct and a higher service, and to larger conquests for the
risen Redeemer.

There are signs of these things all about us. I believe there
are young people in this church, to-day, who will not taste
death until they see something like a new Kingdom of God upon
the Earth.

This must be the spirit of every Christian Church that would
do the Master's work with any prospect of success; and if
there are any persons here, this morning, who have fallen into
the way of thinking that this Church has seen its best days,
that there is nothing for us now but to go jogging along and
simply to hold our own — if there are any here, to-day, who have
a thought of this kind, I want to say to you, smother it; tram-
ple it; get rid of it; because that way lies stagnation, creeping
paralysis, and death. Forget the things which are behind, and
stretching forth unto the things which are before, press on toward
the goal for the prize of the high calling!

"And may the God of Hope fill you with all joy and peace, in
believing that ye may abound in hope through the power of the
Holy Ghost."

Amen.

The Pastor*

The Rev. J. Keir G. Fraser, D. D.

The success of these Centennial Services was so largely due to
our Pastor, not only in the suggesting and planning but also
in the execution of these plans, that a short sketch of his life is
most appropriate and fitting in this memorial volume.

The Rev. J. Keir G. Fraser was born on August 31st, 1864,
on Prince Edward Island, Canada. His father, the Rev. Allan
Fraser of Alberton, Prince Edward Island, died when Dr.
Fraser was only five years old. His grand-father, on his
mother's side, was the Rev. John Keir, D. D., Professor of
Theology in the Presbyterian Seminary at Halifax, Nova
Scotia, and one of the Fathers of the Canadian Church.

Dr. Fraser, our Pastor, received his early education at
Prince of Wales College, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island.
He entered Dalhousie University, at Halifax, in 1885, and
graduated there, in 1889, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts.
He pursued his theological studies at the Presbyterian Semin-
ary of Montreal, and graduated with honor, in 1891, as the
gold-medalist of his class. He then took a post-graduate
course in Theology at the Union Theological Seminary in New
York City, giving special attention to the Old Testament and
Semitics, under Dr. Francis Brown, the eminent Old Testament
scholar, and received from this institution the degree of Bache-
lor of Divinity. At the close of his course at Union Seminary,
he spent some time travelling in Europe, visiting several of the
German Universities. The degree of Doctor of Divinity was
later conferred upon him by the Presbyterian College of South
Carolina.

Soon after his graduation from the Seminary in Montreal, he
was ordained, on Aug. 26th, 1891, being called to his father's
church at Alberton, Prince Edward Island, where he ministered
for seven years. Then for a year he supplied the pulpit of St .
James' Church, Charlottetown, during the absence of the
Pastor as Chaplain of the Canadian Regiment in the Boer War.

92

Coming south in search of a milder climate, he supplied the
pulpit of the Second Presbyterian Church, at Charlotte, North
Carolina, for seven months, during the absence of the Pastor.
He supplied the pulpit of the Second Presbyterian Church of
Charleston, South Carolina, from August 1st, 1902, during the
illness of the Pastor, the Rev. Gilbert R. Brackett, D. D., who
died in December, 1902. Dr. Fraser was called to the regular
Pastorate February 22nd, 1903, and was installed March 22nd,
1903. Dr. Fraser is now Chairman of Presbytery's Committee
on Ministerial Relief and also of the Examining Committee on
Ancient Languages and Scripture Originals. He was mar-
ried, on Sept. 23d, 1903, to Miss Isabel Jane Clark, of Alberton,
Prince Edward Island, Canada.

Dr. Fraser is an earnest and thorough student, a profound
thinker, an attractive and impressive preacher, bringing only
"beaten oil" into the sanctuary. His ministrations as a
Pastor are most acceptable to his people, and his influence,
especially over the younger members of the Congregation, has
been marked, and continues to increase. At almost every
quarterly Communion Season the Master of the Vineyard has
set the seal of His approbation on our Pastor's labors and
ministrations by adding new members to the Church upon
profession of their faith. Our people are united, and look
forward to constantly increasing prosperity under the guid-
ance and leadership of this Under-Shepherd, whom, they be-
lieve, has been sent them by the Great Head of the Church in
answer to their earnest prayers.

Official Organization

Of

THE SECOND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH:

May, 1909.

PASTOR.

REV. J. KEIR G. ERASER;

Residence, 49 Pitt Street, the Manse.

Phone No 972.

CHURCH TREASURER.

Hall T. McGee, Jr., 152 Rutledge Ave.

STANDING COMMITTEE.

President, J. Adger Smyth; Vice-Pres., H. C. Hughes;

Secretary, R. E. Seabrook;
W. S. Allan, R. W. Hutson,

T. A. Legare, J. W. Robson,

H. C. Robertson.

ELDERS.

J. Adger Smyth, J. N. Robson,

Augustine T. Smythe, R. E. Seabrook,

J. W. Robson, E. F. Miscally,

W. S. Allan, H. C. Hughes, Clerk.

DEACONS.
Chairman, R. W. Hutson; Secretary, W. W. Clement;

G. H. Moffett, R. M. Masters,

R. A. Smyth, W. McL. Frampton,

C. McK. Rose, John Frampton,

Treasurer, L. C. King.

SUNDAY SCHOOL.

Supt., T. Allen Legare; Asst.Supt., L.Cheves McC. Smythe;
Sec, John Frampton; Asst.Sec, Hall T. McGee, Jr.;
Honorary Secretary, John W. Robson;

94

Libr'n, Colin McK. Rose; Asst. Libr 'n, Chas. F. Steinmeyer, Jr. ;

Organist, Miss G. J. Rose; Clarionette, Eugene Prince;

Precentor, W. Laurence Millar, Jr.

Young Men's Bible Class, W. S Allan;

Young Ladies' Bible Class, Miss S A Smyth;

Primary Department, Miss S R Smyth;
Miss E. J. Adger, Miss W. W. King .

Teachers.

J. N. Robson, Miss Florence Bolger,

L. C. King, Miss Helen Mclndoe,

E. A. Fripp, Miss Fannie McNeill,

Miss J. A. Prince Miss Mary Brailsford,

Miss Mattie Knox, Joe M. Frampton,

Mrs. J. K. G. Fraser, Miss A. N. Allan,

Mrs. Stickney, Miss Jessie Bolger,

Miss Julia Haesloop, Miss JA\y Fogartie,

Miss M. C. Mustard, Miss Janie McCormick,

Miss Eva McNeill, Miss Susie McGee.

THE YOUNG PEOPLE'S CLUB.

President, W. W. Clement; Vice-President, J. W. Collins;

Secretary, Miss Marion Seabrook; Treasurer, H. T. McGee, Jr.

Chairmen of Committees:

Devotional, John Frampton; Membership, T. A. Legare;

Musical, W. L, Millar; Ch. Ext'n, H. C Hughes;

Personal Work, R. H. King; Visiting, Miss A. N. Allan;

Mis'n Study, Miss 0. Eiserhardt; Social, Miss M. E. Knox.

EDUCATION SOCIETY.

President and Treasurer, Miss S. A. Smyth;
Vice-President, Miss E. J. Adger.

95

MISSIONARY SOCIETY.

President, Mrs. J. Keir G. Fraser;
Vice-President, (Foreign^ Miss E. J. Adger;
Treasurer, (Foreign) Mrs. John Bennett;
Vice-President, (Home) Miss W. W. King;

Treasurer, (Home) Mrs. J. G. Morris;

Corresponding Secretary, Miss Jessie Bolger;

Recording Secretary, Miss 0. Eiserhardt.

OFFICERS OF THE JUNIOR MISSIONARY SOCIETY.

President, Robert Schroder;

Vice-President, Miss Agnes Warren ;

Recording Secretary, Miss Beulah Warren;

Corresponding Secretary, Miss Olive Murray;

Treasurer, Miss A. N. Allan.

THREADNEEDLE SOCIETY.

President, Miss Jessie Bolger;

Vice-President, Miss G. Frampton;

Secretary and Treasurer, Miss May Steinmeyer.

THE MANSE SOCIETY.

President, Miss Sarah R. Smyth;

Vice-President, Mrs. H. D. Shackleford;

Secretary-Treasurer, Miss Mattie E. Knox.

USHERS.

W. W. Clement, Chairman;
John Frampton, Colin McK. Rose,

John King, Hall T. McGee, Jr.

SEXTON.

Charles Artope, 11 Norman Street.

COMMUNICANTS

of

The Second Presbyterian Church,

J909.

Adger, Mrs. Wm. (Margaret H.)
Allan, Mrs. Amy
Allan, Amy N.
Allan, Wm. S.
Allan, Mrs. Susan J.
Allan, "Richard H.
Adams, Mrs. Margaret
Adger, Elizabeth J.
Adger, Jane E.
Atkinson, Mrs. A. S.
Adams, Eliza E.
Addison, Mrs. F. Rice
Aldret, Benjamin Q.
Aldret, Mrs, Eva F.
Allan, Dr. Sarah C.
Aldret, Edna Haynes
Adams, Pauline
Aldret, Mamie C.
Aldret, Joseph E.
Allan, Mrs. Ida V.
Ayers, Mrs. Hattie Petit*
Anderson, Mrs. Hannah

Bennett, Mrs. Susan S.
Brackett, Mr". Louise
Bailey, Mrs. Mary
Bailey, Elvira
Brailsford, Mary
Bee, J. Samuel
Bee, Mrs. F. Ardie
Bee, Lilly E.
Beekman, Mrs. Janie B.
Bliss, Eliza R.
Bliss, Sallie P.
Butler, Wm. Enston
Butler, Mrs. Ella J.
Butler, Hannah E.

Butler, Catherine E.
Butler, Jessie A.
Blakeley, Elizabeth L.
Blakeley, Laura P.
Bolger, Mrs. Florence
Bolger, Florence
Bolger, Jessie
Bee, Mrs. Annie
Bush, Catherine
Baynard, Mrs. Annie L.
Butler, John W.
Butler, Mrs. Lillie V.
Bennett, Mrs. Bertha Miscally
Burn, Mrs. Mary Steinmeyer

Cargill, Mrs. Adelaide
Castillo, Mrs. Janie
Chreitzburg, Eugenia
Collins, Humbert M.
Collins, Mrs. Louisa A.
Cochrane, Samuel
Carrere, Alma
Carrere, Susan
Carrere, Lilian
Connor, Mrs. Mary
Collins, H. Preston
Collins, Mrs. Alice Jennie
Collins, Louise
Collins, Charlotte
Corby, Mattie B.
Campbell, Mrs. Victoria 0.
Chubb, James Edward

Day, Zenobia

De Hay, George C.

Dolive, Mrs. Mary Happoldt

Donaldson, Mrs. Annie

Duncan, Mrs. Agnes

97

Eiserhardt, Osalien
Edgerton, Mrs. J. E.
Edgerton, Cecilia C.
Eager, Elizabeth

Falconer, James C.
Falconer, Mrs. Elizabeth
Fogartie, Elizabeth G.
Fogartie, Mrs. Eliza G.
Fogartie, Lily L.
Frampton, Louise H.
Frampton, Mrs. Hattie
Frampton, John
Fraser, Mrs. Isabel Clark
Frampton, Mrs. Anna M.
Frampton, W. McLeod
Frampton, Annie M.
Frampton, Gertrude
Frampton, Joseph M.
Fripp, E. Allan
Frampton, Win. Horlbeck
Frampton, Joel
Freeman, Mrs. Mamie Framp-
ton

Glen, Wm. B.
Glen, Mrs. Jennie I.
Grant, Colin McK.
Glover, Mrs. Ottilie V.
Grimke, Mrs. Sarah T.
Grimke, Mary S.
Glover, Charles W.
Grimshaw, Florence
Gelzer, Mrs. Annie Frampton

Holmes, Mary
Harvey, Mrs. Edith
Holmes, Mrs. Josephine
Hughes, Horatio C.
Hughes, Mrs. Julia G.
Hamlin, Elizabeth
Hutson, Richard W.
Hutson, Mrs. Myrtle J.
Howe, Mrs.
Hunter, Mrs. Lily
Happoldt, Mrs. Frances
Hisch, Rebecca
Hunter, Cleo Taylor
Hard, Mrs. Susan E.

Hanahan, Edward J.
Hanahan, Mrs. Rena F.
Heyward, Mrs. R. D.
Holloman, Mrs. I. C.
Heyward, James
Hughes, Horatio, Jr.
Howe, Dora
Hartnett, Mrs. Corinne Corby

Irving, Agnes K.

Jervey, Mrs. Alice G.
Jenkins, Edward Q.
Jenkins, Mrs. Sarah
Jordan, Mrs. Beulah Maule

King, Christopher W.
King, Richard Hayne
Knox, Martha E.
Kauffner, John A.
Kauffner, Mrs. Gertrude A.
King, Eliza Cheves
King, Langdon Cheves
King, Samuel
Keckeley, Emma
King, Mrs. Sarah J.
Kennedy, Mrs. Caroline E.
Kilpatrick, Mrs. Sybil C.
King, John
King, E. Swinton
King, Wilhelmina W.
Kennedy, James F.
King, Julian

Keys, Robert Thompson
King, Mrs. Louise Robinson

Legare, Edward f.
Legare, Mrs. Catherine
Legare, George Q.
Legare, T. Allan
Legare, Mrs. Lily M.
Lockwood, Mrs. Ella
Legare, Mrs. Mary F.
Lanneau, Gracia
Lamble, Wm. J.
Lamble, Mrs. Margaret
Larrissey, Mrs.
Lunz George R.
Lunz, Mrs. Minnie W.

98

Legare, Ferdie Islar
Ladd, Thos. N.
Ladd, Mrs. Rosa P.
Ladd, Mabel 0.
Ladd, Edith C.

Marshall, Mrs. Ann *
Mustard, Mrs. Caroline
Mustard, Minnie
Mustard, Lilian
Martin, Archibald
Martin, Mrs. Sarah
Motte, Annie P.
Maule, Mrs. Rosalie L.
Masters, Raphael M.
Morris, Mrs. Josephine
Millar, Mrs. Elizabeth
Millar, Theodore D.
Millar, W. Lawrence, Jr
Miscally, Edwin F.
Miscally, Mrs. Barbara L.
Mather, Lizzie G.
MofTett, George H.
Moffett, Daisy
Meggett, Mrs. Mary.
Meggett, James
Meggett, Williams W.
Morrow, Mrs. Jeanette
Mather, William
Mather, Lizzie G.
Meggett, Mary Murray
Meggett, Cecile Westmore
Masters, Agnes Gertrude
Millar, Marion F.
Meggett, Elizabeth Clement
Meaeher, Mrs. F. E.
Mitchell, James Murray
Millar, Mrs. Lawrence, St.*
Muckenfuss, Mrs. Pauline R.
Martin, Mrs. Mary C*

McGee, Susan T.
McGee, Mary C.
McGee, Harriet W.
McCormack, Mrs. Mary J.
McCormack, M. Janie
McClure, John B., Sr *
McClure, Lily
McCarrel, Robert

McCarrel, Mrs. Esther C.
Mclndoe, Mrs. Agnes
Mclndoe, Helena
Mclndoe, Agnes
McGee, James W.
McDermid, George C.
McDermid, Mrs. Jessie
McNeill, Mary E.
McDermid, Robin M.
McNeill, Mrs. Snusan
McNeill, Fannie
McNeill, Mrs. Barbara
McNeill, Eva
McNeill, Mary
McClure, John B., Jr.
McGee, Arthur P.
McGee, Hall T., Jr.
McNight, George Glen

Nohrden, Mrs. Florence
Neil, Agnes
Neil, Mary
Neumann, Daisy
Nohrden, Lucile

Oswald, Mrs. Mary T.

Percival, Mrs. Jessie A.
Prince, Mrs. Rebecca
Prince, John
Prince, Jane A.
Prince, Maud
Percival, Edward W.
Prince, Louise E.
Petit, Arthur Washington
Petit, Mrs. Mattie Louise
Picquet, Susan.
Picquet, Lucille
Percival, Gertrude
Picquet, Isabella

Quigley, Janie
Quigley, John G.
Quigley, Mrs. Addie

Robertson, Mrs. Mamie
Robertson, Harry C.
Roberts, Mrs. Eliza Q.*
Riggs, Mrs. Martha

99

Roberson, John W.
Roberson, Mrs. Lily
Rose, Mrs. Elizabeth
Rose, Colin McK.
Rose, T. Donald
Rose, Margaret G.
Rose, Gertrude J.
Robinson, Mrs. Jane
Robinson, Jean
Richardson, Mrs. Victoria. R.
Rumley, Mrs Sarah L.
Rumley, Jessie E.
Robson, Mrs. Helen H.
Reeves, Robert
Reeves, Mrs. Robt.
Roumillatt, Mrs. Rosaline
Robson, J. N.
Robson, Sarah M.
Robson, John W.
Robson, Franklin E.
Robson, John Raymond
Reynolds, Harry F., Jr.
Revnolds, Henry P.
Reynolds, Mrs. H. P.

Simmons, Mr.?. Sarah E.
Smith, Carrie
Smyth, J. Adger
Smyth. Sarah R.
Smyth, Robert A.
Smyth, Sarah Ann
Smythe, Augustine T.
Smythe, L. Cheves McC.
Smythe, Augustine T., Jr.
Schroder, Mrs. Anna M.
Stoney, Mrs. Louisa C.
Steinmeyer, Chas. F.
Steinmeyer, Mrs. Carrie
Smith, Fannie I.
Seabrook, Robert E.
Seabrook, Mrs. Annie
Stickney, Mrs. Mary R. McD.
Shaw, Mrs. Martha

Shaw, Mary Edith
Shaw, Susan N.
Simmons, Mrs. Sarah E.
Shackelford, Henry D.
Shackelford, Mrs. Annie R.
Simonton, Mrs. Anna M.
Steinmeyer, Marian Smith
Steinmever, Charles F., Jr.
Shokes, 'Mrs. Cleo Estelle
Stuart, Mrs. E. F.
Steinmeyer, Carrie Mae
Schroder, Charles
Schroder, Robert Duryea
Stuart, Mary F.
Silcox, Mrs. Agnes Miscally

Timmons, Margaret A.
Taylor, Janie
Temple, Alice E.
Tyrrell, Lottie

Verdery, Mrs. Beulah R.
Veronee, Maggie May
Veronee, Mrs. Maggie
Vernon, Mrs. Janie Day

Wright, Mrs. Hannah McC. S.
Whilden, Mrs. Sarah D.
Whilden, Drucie
Whilden, Lizzie C.
Wilson, Caroline
Whilden, Mrs. Mary L.
Wragg, Mrs. Martha M.
Warren, Mrs. Ada A.
Wright, Janie D.
Wright, Mrs. Elizabeth C.
Wright, Harold E.
Warren, Elsie
Warren, John Hertz
Warren, Beulah King
Williams, Mrs. Kate Aldret

Zeigler, Mrs. Robert

Note:— All names followed by * are those of communicants whose death
occurred during the Centennial year, 1909.

100

THE SUNDAY BULLETIN.

Among the efficient agencies of Church conduct instituted
during the ministry of the present pastor must be noted the
issue and distribution throughout the congregation, every
Sunday, at morning service, of a regularly published bulletin
of current events, comprising the daily order of liturgical ser-
vices and of worship, a careful provisional calendar of congre-
gational activities and events for the coming week, and a
standing reference-list of the complete official organization of
the Church, which for the interest of the future, is reproduced
in these pages.

Second Presbyterian Church

CHARLESTON, S. C

^% ^* ^?*

(ORGANIZED 1809)

t^* t^* t^*

MINISTER, REV. J. KEIB G. FRASER, D. D.

FOREIGN MISSIONARIES :
Mrs. P. F. Price, Dongshang, China; Prof. E R. Sims, Cardenas, Cuba.

HOME MISSIONARY:
Rev. C. E. Robertson, Lawton, Oklahoma.

Enter into His gate with thanksgiving,
And into His courts with praise.

We shall be satisfied with the goodness of Thy House.

First page of weekly Bulletin.

101

The Ritual in ordinary is as follows:

Whosoever thou art that enterest this Church leave it not without

a prayer to God for thyself, for him who ministers,

and for those who worship here.

Sunday, April 10, 19 — .

ORDER OF MORNING WORSHIP.

ORGAN PRELUDE.

THE DOXOLOGY — (The congregation standing)

CALL TO WORSHIP.

INVOCATION, followed by the Lord's Prayer (in unison.)

SELECTION.

RESPONSIVE READING, Psalm.

HYMN.

SCRIPTURE LESSON.

PRAYER.

OFFERTORY— (followed by brief Prayer) Organ Solo.

HYMN.

PRAYER — Intercessions.

SERMON.

PRAYER.

HYMN.

BENEDICTION.

ORGAN POSTLUDE.

CALENDAR FOR THE WEEK.

SUNDAY, 11 A. M.: Service and Sermon.

" 4, 4:30 or 5 P. M. according to season: Sun-

day School service.
8 P.M.: Young People 'a Club.
MONDAY, 8:15 P. M., at stated interval: Court of Dea-

cons.
" 8:15 P. M., monthly: Session.

TUESDAY, 4, 4:30 or 5 P. M., according to season; sec-
ond Tuesday of each month: Thread-Needle
Society, at members' residences.
WEDNESDAY, 4:30 P. M.: Mid-week Service.

THURSDAY, 12 M.: Education Society; at members' res-
idences.

FRIDAY, 4, 4:30 or 5 P. M., according to season; first

Friday of each month: Missionary Society,
general, at the Manse.
8:15 P. M., quarterly: Preparatory Service.

SATURDAY, 4, 4:30 or 5 P. M., according to season: Junior

Missionary Society; at officers' residences.

102

Here follows a Typical Weekly Bulletin of Information, selected at ran
dom, as an example :

We welcome to our Church to-day the Rev. J. W. LafTerty of
Summerville, who will conduct the service this morning and
also give the lecture this afternoon. Let us pray that his
visit to us may bring with it a Divine blessing.

The Pastor is in Summerville to-day where he has gone to
visit one of our homes in which there is sickness. To-morrow
he goes to Estill to attend the Spring meeting of Charleston
Presbytery.

The offering this morning (through the white envelopes) is
for "Our Church Poor." Next Sunday this offering goes to
"General Assembly's Home Missions" — the support of our
Home Missionary in Oklahoma. It is hoped that all will con-
tribute generously to this important cause.

The annual meeting of the "Presbyterian Home" Society
will be held on Monday at 5 P. M. in the lecture room of West-
minster Church.

In the absence of the Pastor on Wednesday afternoon the
mid-week service will be conducted by a minister of one of the
City Churches. It is hoped there will be a large congregation
to meet him.

The session at its meeting on Monday evening received the
report of contributions to Benevolent and Missionary causes
for the year ending March 31, 1910. The report was very en-
couraging and the congregation is urged to press on to still
higher attainments in this grace of giving during the coming
year. All of the causes to which we contribute have for their
aim the advancement of the kingdom of Christ and only as we
give them our generous support do we fulfil our mission as a
Church of Christ. The congregation is asked to remember
that these offerings must all be made by envelope as the loose
collection on Sunday morning goes to our own congregational
expenses. Separate envelopes are furnished for Foreign Mis-
sions and everyone is urged to take a set of these envelopes for
the new Church year and subscribe and contribute a certain
sum each week:

' ' Upon the first day of the week let everyone of you lay by
him in store as God hath prospered him. ' '

FOR INFORMATION OF THE PASTOR.

Write Name and Address of Persons, check the square con-
taining Information, detach and deposit on Collection

Plate.

new -issues Children Removed to

not in S. S. above address

STATEMENT

OF

The Receipts and Expenditures

OF

The Second Presbyterian Church,

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING MAY I, 1910.

The effort was made during the two closing years of the end-
ing century to make up by deficiency collections an amount
large enough to put the Church building in thorough repair,
and to pay off all indebtednesses, that the New Century might
be begun with a church in as good repair as it was in the year
of its erection, and with no debt out-standing. That this was
successfully accomplished, and more, is discovered by examin-
ation of the appended full financial statement for the first
year of the oncoming century:

1909. CR.

May 1 . By Balance in Carolina Savings Bank .... $ 328 24

By Pew Rents, amount collected during

year 1 480 91

By Yellow Envelopes, collected during

year 1 374 19

By Loose Collection, collected during year 301 38

By Deficiency Collection, collected during

year 25 00

By Increase Income of Church, from L.

C. King 19 21

By Church Fees, received from Funerals

and Marriages 70 00

By Choir Fees, received from Funerals

and Marriages 7 50

By Sundav School, received from

L. C. King, Treasurer $97 03

Young People's Club 8 75

Home Department S. S 5 30 111 08

By Fund Perpetual Care Grave Yard, In-
terest on Bonds and Bank Deposit.... 32 03

104

DR.

To Sunday School Paid Expenses during

year S 104 63

' ' Rev. J. K. G. Fraser, paid him salary 2 000 00
' ' Church Fees, paid fees for Weddings

and Funerals 52 00

Choir Fees, paid fees for Funerals 5 00

Repair Account, repairs during year. . . 77 83

« i

n
it
it

<<

To Expense Account —

" Printing Centennial Program $ 13 00

" Printing Treasurer's Report 4 00

" Printing Calendars 92 50

" Sundry Printing 3 50

" Printing Yellow Envelopes 20 00

" Printing White Envelopes 20 00

Sign Cards 3 50

Delivered Yellow Envelopes 2 50

Advertising N. and C. and E. P 38 50

" Church Record Books 5 75

" Tornado Insurance, on Manse 17 00

Balance due Pres. Exp 11 01

Pulpit Reading Desk 12 66

" Gas Bills 18 78

" Water Bills 16 98

" Wood and Coal 50 90

" Rubber Hose 10 00

" Postage, Ice and Sundries 25 90

Organist 200 00

Care of Organ 37 50

" Bellows Blower 72 00

" Music 8 85

" Sexton 300 00

" Care of Grave Yard 43 65

" Treasurer's Commission 157 82

$1 186 30

Balance in Carolina Savings Bank 323 78

S3 749 54 S3 749 54

By Balance in Carolina Savings Bank .... $ 323 78

HALL T. McGEE, Jr.,
Treasurer.

it
(t

105

BENEVOLENT COLLECTIONS,

Foreign Missions $1 206 00

Assembly's Home Missions 332 00

Local Home Missions 474 00

Colored Evangelization 91 00

Ministerial Relief 147 00

Education 310 00

Schools and Colleges 39 00

Sunday School Extension and Publication 21 00

Bible Cause 13 00

Assembly 's Home 26 00

Poor Fund 262 72

Orphans' Homes 224 00

Presbyterial Expenses 45 00

$3 190 70
H. C. HUGHES,

Clerk of Session.

RECAPITULATION.

Corporation $ 3 421 30

Benevolent Collections 3 190 72

$ 6 612 02

Now, may God's mercy abide with us ever! and may the on-
coming century be, if possible, even more full than the past, of
truly inspired work for the salvation of men and to the everlasting
glory of God! Amen.

PRESBYTERIAN COLLEGE LIBRARY
SMC 285. 175 7 Se2 SBTA

Exercises connected with the one hundred

3 5197 00101448 2

i

\i