Extra census bulletin

BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY

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Extra Census Bulletin.

No. 4.

WASHINGTON, D. C.

May 23, 1891.

MINES AND MINING.— MINERAL WATERS.

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
Census Office,
Washington, D. O, May 2, 1891.

Sik:

The following bulletin, presenting the complete report on the production of mineral waters in the United States,
was prepared by Dr. Albert C. Peale, special agent in charge of this subject, under the supervision of Dr. David T.
Day, in charge of the Division of Mines' and Mining of the Census Office. The statistics show that the total
number of gallons of mineral water sold during the calendar year 1889 was 12,780,471, worth at the springs
$1,748,458. The total herewith given represents the product of 258 springs. Of course, the number of mineral
springs in the United States from which water is used is greatly in excess of this, but those springs considered
represent the number from which water was actually sold as a commercial article, and it was to such class of
springs that the investigation was limited. No previous census of this subject has been made.

A summary of the production of mineral waters for the year 1889, by geographical divisions, is herewith given :

GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS.

Product.
(Gallons.)

Value of
product.

Wages.

Capital
invested.

Supplies

and
materials
consumed.

All other
expenses.

12,780,471

SI, 748, 458

$133,583

$5,994,683

$524,864

$210,304

4,106,464
646,239

6,137,776
500,000

1,389,992

471,575
198,032
604,238
43,356
431,257

139,329
30,227

104,200
20,583

139,244

2,834,151
503,363

1,316,395
175,715

1,165,059

115,419

54,971

249,688

4,965

99,821

71 ,041
36,244
92,831 1

1,992

8,196 ;

The distribution of mineral springs throughout the country is a matter of such general interest that a map
showing at a glance their- location has been prepared and forms a part of this bulletin.

Very respectfully,

ROBERT P. PORTER.

Superintendent of Census,
The Secretary of the Interior.

PRODUCTION OF MINERAL WATERS IN THE UNITED STATES.

BY ALBERT C. PEAEE.

Production. — The total value of the production of mineral waters in the United States for the year 1889 was
$1,748,458. The total number of gallons sold was 12,780,471, being the production of 258 springs.

No comparison can be made with any previous census returns, as they do not exist, nor can a comparison be
made with any state returns of previous years. The following table is the first in which the production has ever
been given by states and territories.

In a table on page 5 a comparison is made with the production by geographical divisions from 1883 to 1888, as
published in " Mineral Resources of the United States." According to this table there was a total increase in 1889
of 3,201.823 gallons over the production of 1888, valued at $189,156. This, of course, takes no account of the
estimate made in 1888 of the springs not reporting, as no account has been taken of the springs delinquent for 1889.
The number of springs from which the water is used commercially has increased from 198 in 1888 to 258 in 1889.

In the North Atlantic states there is an increase of 1,249,665 gallons. A decrease of 1,043,148 gallons is
reported from the South Atlantic states, while in the North Central states the increase in production for 18S9 is
4,135,403 gallons. The South. Central states show an increase of 73,590 gallons, and the Western states and
territories a decrease of 463,687 gallons.

PRODUCTION OF MINERAL WATERS FOR 1889, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES.

STATES AND TERRITORIES.

Number
of springs
reporting:.

Product.
(Gallons.)

Value of
product.

Capital
invested.

Wages.

Supplies

and
materials
consumed.

All other
expenses.

258

12,780,471

81,748,458

S5,994,0S3

5-133,583

5524,864

5210,304

3
14
8
3

3

lu
8
5
9

8
4
8

7

2
11

4
21

11
11

12
2

2
4
14
3

3

4
20
5

24,380
110,200
SOS, 625
301,600
4,410

31,120

2,207,216

' 125,162

12,780

215,033

121,350
888,600
74,160
1,011,173
333,315

8,870

289,720

110,000

32,700

1,795,513

70,644

251,610

4,800

275,700

47,000

50,520
21,500

213,700
16,150

397,395

113,748

21,900

2,292,910

513,907

2,430
10,020
252,241
87,400

2,630

9,412
38,697
9,525
2,490
15,394

14,378
79,060
12,057
03,022
67,987

1,174
23,270

4,500
10,225
239,875

19,431
20,696

1,680
65,163

2,975

10,046
5,000
10,354
11,975
141,470

14,943

5,360

409,179

77,793

17,550
12,525
590,062
261,311
8,000

69,260
39,210
62,200
15,000
148,400

54,000
169, 335
95,403
94,416
135, SIX)

5,000

152,395

13,000

92,525

1,850,250

06,950
75,890
102,750
070,300
11,400

41,500
20,200
66,440
8,000
215,450

33,200
11,000
681,500
104,461

760
3,690
93,991
25,180

978

1,112
7,037
3,030
2,700
9,218

7,700
41,404

4,758
16,063

5,778

500
4,923
1,100
5,050
59,232

0,599
4,637
600
18,147
1,095

1,310
1,400
6,473
050
15,028

4,921
1,225
61,930
14,044

325
1,525
11,649
51,990
1,000

500

10,488

800

50

3,850

600
23,790
9,584
21,758
29,900

140

300

3,326

525

250
7,632

170
1,165

380

1,000
6,473
9,392
6,106
6,690

50
1,394

Missouri and Nebraska

1,954

300

1,400

54,065

1,637
3,825

500
50,112

3,382
950
250 ,

8,050

13,050
525

1,000

50

2,465

275

41,900

4,300
275

198,821
30,607

100

2,000

200

302

200

20,295

995

700

70,700

6,575

i Florida, Idaho, Minnesota, New Jersey, and South Dakota

4 MINERAL WATERS.

Imports. Prior to 1884 the Treasury Department did not distinguish natural mineral waters from those that

were artificial ; since 1883 the distinction has been made, but the artificial waters have not been classified according
to the receptacles in which they have been imported. The importation is shown in the two tables following, with
a table of exports appended.

MINERAL WATERS IMPORTED INTO THE UNITED STATES FROM 1867 TO 1883, INCLUSIVE.

FISCAL YEAKS ENDED JUNE 30 —

Total

IN BOTTLES OF
ONE QUART OK LESS.

IN BOTTLES IN EX-
CESS OF ONE QUART.

NOT IN BOTTLES.

ALL,
NOT ARTIFICIAL.

Quantity.
(Bottles.)

Value.

Quantity.
(Quarts.)

Value.

Quantity.
(Gallons.)

Value.

Quantity.
(Gallons.)

Value.

825,410
20,594
26,082
32,931
34,919

68,007
100,552

80,496
102,113

136, 7SS
168,808
351,727
28-1,509

305,529
395,492
427,115
448,493

370,610
241,702
344,691
433,212
470,947

892,913
35,508
7,238
4,174

25,758
12,965
8,229
28,440

207,554
150,326
152,277
88,497

$24,913

18,438
25,635
30,680
34,604

67,951

2,326

691

471

1,899

1,328

815

2,352

19,731
11,850
17,010
7,054

3,792
22,819

9,739
18,025

2,320

8360
2,052

802
1,743

174

554
1,042

$137
104
245
508
141

116
75
16
2

2,063
1,336

039

355

95

5

394,423
199,035
395,950

447,640
520,751
883,674
798,107

927,759
1,225,462
1,542,905
1,714,085

898,151
79,789
101,640

134,889
167,458
350,912
282,153

285,798
383,616
410,105
441,439

22

3

4

55

26

IMPORTS FOR THE FISCAL YEARS 1884 TO 1888, INCLUSIVE.
[Calendar years ended December 31 from 1886 to 1888 ; previous years ended June 30.]

YEARS.

ARTIFICIAL
MINERAL WATERS.

NATURAL
MINERAL -WATERS.

Gallons.

Value.

Gallons.

Value.

29,366
7,972
62,464
13,885
12,752

84,591
2,157

16,815
4,851
4,411

1,505,298
1,660,072
1,618,960
1,915,511
1,716,461

$362,651
397,875
354,242
385,906
341,695

EXPORTS OF NATURAL MINERAL WATERS FROM THE UNITED STATES.

YEARS ENDED JUNE 30-

FISCAL YEARS ENDED JUNE 30-

1875..
1876..
1879..

1,529
1,486

1881

1882

1883

1884, 1885, 1886, 1887, and 1888..

MINERAL WATERS. . 5

PRODUCTION BY GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS OF NATURAL MINERAL WATERS SOLD FROM 1883 TO 1888, INCLUSIVE.

GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS.

North Atlantic .
South Atlantic .
North Central...
South Central...
Western

Estimated .
Total...

North Atlantic
South Atlantic
North Central.
South Central..
Western

Estimated .
Total ...

North Atlantic
South Atlantic
North Central..
South Central .,
Western

Estimated .
Total ...

Springs

reports

ing.

Gallons sold

2,470,670
312,090

1,441,042
169,812

5,829,423
1,700,000

3,345,760

464,718

2,070,533

1,526,817

307,500

7,715,323
2,500,000

2,527,310
908,692

2,925,288
540,436
509,675

7,411,401
1,737,000

$282,270
64,973
323,600
139,973
52,787

328,125
103,191
420,515
147,112
85,200

1,084,143
375,000

192,605
237,153
446,211
74,100
86,776

1,036,845
276,000

GEOGRAPHICAL PI VISIONS.

North Atlantic .
South Atlantic ..
North Central....
South Central...
Western

North Atlantic.
South Atlantic .
North Central...
South Central...
Western

Estimated .
Total ...

North Atlantic .
South Atlantic .
North Central...
South Central...
Western

Estimated .
Total...

Springs
report-
ing.

Gallons sold

2,715,050
720,397

2,048,914
822,016
781,540

7,087,917
1,862,400

2,571,004
614,041

1,480,820
741,080

1,236,324

6,643,269
1,616,340

2,856,799
1,689,387

426,410
1,853,679

8,828,648
750,000

$177,969
123,517
401,861
58,222
137,796

899,365
384,705

213,210
147,149
208,217
87,946

288,737

945,259
316,204

325,839
71,215
421,651

1,559,302
120,000

PRODUCTION OF NATURAL MINERAL WATERS SOLD IN 1889.

GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS.

Springs
report-
ing.

Gallons sold.

Value.

258

12,780,471

$1,748,458

60
47
86
33
32

4,106,464
646,239

6,137,776
500,000

1,389,992

471,575
198,032
604,238
43,356
431,257

4—2

6 MINERAL WATERS.

The following list contains the names of the springs, the returns for which are included in the figures given in
the tables, with the post-office addresses of the proprietors, agents, managers, or persons interested, who have
furnished the returns incorporated in this report:

LIST OF PRODUCERS OF NATURAL MINERAL WATERS IN THE UNITED STATES.

ALABAMA.

Bailey Springs — Bailey Springs (9 miles northeast of Florence), Lauderdale county. Ellis & Co.

Bladen Springs — Bladen Springs, Choctaw county. W. A. Turner.

Healing Springs — Healing Springs, Washington county. H. J. Pettus.

Jackson White Sulphur Springs — Jackson, Clarke county. L. O. Hicks.

Matchless Mineral Water — 3 miles east of Greenville, Butler county. W. W. Wilkinson, Greenville.

ARKANSAS.

Arkansas Lithia Springs — Hope, Hempstead county. Thos. M. Boyd.

Fairchild Potash Sulphur Springs — Potash Sulphur, Garland county. E. E. Woodcock.

Mountain Valley Springs— Mountain Valley, Garland county. G. G. Latta.

CALIFORNIA.

Azule Seltzer Springs — San Jose, Santa Clara county. John W. Ryland.

Bartlett Springs — Bartlett Springs, Lake county. Geo. W. Yount.

Byron Hot Springs — Byron Hot Springs, Contra Costa county. L. R. Mead.

Castalian Mineral Water — Inyo county. J. P. Forbes & Co., 1322 Market street, San Francisco.

Coronado Natural Mineral Water — Coronado, San Diego county. Coronado Water Company.

El Toro Spring — Marin county. Eggers & Gould, 1308 Mission street. San Francisco.

Geyser Soda and Litton Seltzer Springs — Sonoma county. E. L. Lowe, jr., 152 New Montgomery street, San Francisco.

Hot Springs of Elsinore — City of Elsinore, San Diego county. Alex, de Borra, M. D., Elsinore.

Napa Soda Springs — Napa Soda Springs, Napa county. John P. Jackson.

Ojai Hot Springs — Ventura county. Albert Blumbei-g, Matilijo.

Pacific Congress Springs — 11 miles west of San Jose, Santa Clara county. Bliven & Lewis, 161 New Montgomery street, San Francisco.

Paraiso Springs — Paraiso Springs, Monterey coumVy. J. G. Foster.

Tolenas Springs — Fairfield, Solano county. William Heath.

Witter Springs — Lake county. H. L. Denio, Upper Lake post office.

COLORADO.

Boulder Springs. Boulder Springs Company.

Clark Magnetic Mineral Spring — Pueblo, Pueblo county. Silas Clark.

Fariss Magnetic Well — Pueblo, Pueblo county. J. R. Fariss.

Idaho Mineral Spring — Idaho Springs, Clear Creek county. Jos. S. Beaman, Central City.

Little Ute and Iron Duke Springs — Canon City, Fremont county. F. Stockder & Co., box 589, Canon City.

Manitou, Navajo, and Shoshone Springs — Manitou Springs, El Paso county. D. L. Sterling, the Manitou Mineral Water Company.

Seltzer Springs — Springdale, Boulder county. C. Edgar Smith.

Ute and Little Chief Iron Springs — Manitou, El Paso county. W. E. Smiley, Iron Springs Company.

CONNECTICUT.

Aspinock Springs — Putnam Heights, Windhain county. S. W. Ames.
Oxford Chalybeate Spring — Oxford, New Haven county. John Lounsbury.
Stafford Mineral Spring — Stafford Springs, Tolland county. Julius Converse.

FLORIDA.
Cantoment Spring — Near Pensacola, Escambia county. J. C. Petterson.

GEORGIA.
Bowden Lithia Springs and Georgia Bromine-Lithia Springs — Lithia Springs, Douglas county. J. E. Howland, Bowden Lithia Spring
Company.

Daniel's Springs — 9 miles east of Woodville Depot, Greene county. W. P. McWhorter, Penns' post office.
Hughes' Springs — Floyd county. John Hughes, Rome.

IDAHO.
Idanha Springs — Soda Springs, Bingham county. M. J. Mclntyre, Salt Lake City, Utah.

ILLINOIS.
Black Hawk Springs — Rock Island, Rock Island county. Carse & Ohlweiler.
Diamond Mineral Spring — Grantfork, Madison county. S. Bardell & Son.

Glen Flora Mineral Spring — Waukegan, Lake county. W. C. Mackey, Glen Flora Mineral Spring Company.
Hillsboro' Mineral Spring — Hillsboro', Montgomery county. C. B. Rhoads.

Kirkwood Mineral Spring — Kirkwood, Warren county. E. R. Houlton, Kirkwood Mineral Spring Company.
Peoria Magnetic Artesian Spring — Peoria, Peoria county. D. L. Bigham.
Perry Springs — Perry Springs, Pike county. H. A. Owens.

Red Avon Mineral Spring — Fulton county. Wm. Hittle & Co., box 815, Lincoln, Logan county.
Sanicula Springs — Ottawa, La Salle county. D. J. Simon & Co.
Silver Springs — Greenup, Cumberland county. Harlow Park.

MINERAL WATERS.

Ash Iron Springs — Warwick county. James Ash, De Gonia post oflice.

Buffalo Saline "Well — "Washington county. J. W. Underwood, Millport, Washington county.

Elliot's Mineral Spring — Martin county. E. P. Elliot, Shoals, Martin county.

Kickapoo Magnetic Springs — Kickapoo, Warren county. J. B. Lebo.

King Mineral Springs — Muddy Fork, Clark county. L. P. King.

Lodi Artesian Well — Lodi, Fountain county. Mary F. Safely.

Magnetic Mineral Spring — Terre Haute, Vigo county. Conaut & Sons.

West Baden Springs — West Baden, Orange county. West Baden Springs Company.

IOWA.

Black Hawk Springs — Salt Creek township, Davis county. Dr. O.' Martin, Eldon, Wapello county.

Cherokee Magnetic Mineral Spring — Cherokee, Cherokee county. N. T. Burroughs.

Lake View Medical Spring — Lake View, Sac county. Isaac H. Adams.

Ottumwa Mineral Springs — Ottumwa, Wapello county. Dr. E. K. Shelton.

White Sulphur Springs — Scott county. Dutcher & Bro., White Sulphur, Scott county.

KANSAS.
Brazing's Artesian Mineral Wells — Manhattan, Eiley connty. William Blazing.
Boiling Springs — Mound Valley, Labette county. Dr. W. W. McEwen.

Geuda Mineral Springs — Geuda Springs, Cowley county. The Geuda Springs Town and Water Company.
Great Spirit Springs — Cawker City, Mitchell county. J. Piper, Great Spirit Springs Company.
Jewell County Lithium Springs — Montrose, Jewell county. Fred. Abrahams.
Osage Mission Mineral Well — Osage Mission, Neosho county. C. G. Waite.

Providence Mineral Wells — Providence, Butler county. A. A. Hyde, Providence Mineral Well Company.
Topeka Mineral Wells — Topeka, Shawnee county. Philip Pickett, 310 Harrison street, Topeka.
Wichita Mineral Spring — Wichita, Sedgwick county. Myron A. Fuller.

KENTUCKY.
Anita Springs — La Grange, Oldham county. S. T. Berry.
Bedford Springs — Bedford, Trimble county. W. J. Parker.
Blue Lick Springs — Blue Lick Springs, Nicholas county. E. C. Hawkins & Co.

Crab Orchard Springs — Cr.b Orchard, Lincoln county. Simon N. Jones, Crab Orchard Water Company.
Saint Patrick's Well — Louisville, Jefferson county. A. Slaughter.

MAINE.-

Hartford Cold Spring — Oxford county. H. A. Bicknell, 44 Howard street, Boston, Massachusetts.

Cold Bowling Spring — York county. Robert Ridlon, Steep Falls.

Keystone Spring — East Poland, Androscoggin county. S. M. Pratt.

Old Point Indian Spring — Somerset county. B. P. J. Weston, Madison, Somerset county.

Poland Spring — Poland, Androscoggin county. Hiram Kicker & Son.

Seal Rock Spring — Saco, York county. B. A. Gushing.

Underwood Springs — Falmonth Forcside, Cumberland county. Chas. S. Deake.

Windsor Mineral Spring — Androscoggin county. L. F. W. Seifert, Windsor Mineral Spring Company, Lewistown.

MARYLAND.

Cecil Spring — Cowentown, Cecil county. Cecil Spring Bottling Company.

Chattolanee Mineral Spring — Chattolanee, Baltimore county. William L. Stork.

Flintstone Mineral Springs — Flintstone, Allegany. T. B. Lashley, Flintstone Improvement Company.

Strontia Mineral Spring — Brooklandville, Baltimore county. J. W. Emery, 419 Cortland street, Baltimore.

MASSACHUSETTS.

Allandale Springs — West Roxbury, Suffolk county. C. G. Fisher, 57 Blomiield street, Boston.

Belmont Hill Spring — Everett, Middlesex county. Henry Schrow, box 290.

Belmont Natural Spring — Everett, Middlesex county. G. H. Cotton, 71 Chestnut street, Boston.

Echo Grove Springs — West Lynn, Essex county. John Raddin.

Everett Crystal Spring — Everett, Middlesex county. Jos. H. Cannell, 34 School street, Boston.

Sheep Rock Spring — Towell, Middlesex county. George J. Carney.

Simpson Spring — Bristol. F. A. Howard, Simpson Spring Company.

Undine Spring — Brighton, Suffolk county. I. Shaw.

MICHIGAN.

Americanus Well — Lansing, Ingham county. William S. Edward, Americanus Company.

Eastman Springs — Benton Harbor, Berrien county. Harry E. Eastman.

Magnetic Mineral Springs — Spring Lake, Ottawa county. Calkin Bros. , 441 Rookery building, Chicago, Illinois.

Mount Clemens Original Mineral Springs — Mouut Clemens, Macomb. North & Johnson.

Salutaris Mineral Spring — Saint Clair Springs, Saint Clair county. Jas. W. Inches, the Salutaris Company.

Ypsilanti Mineral Spring — Ypsilanti, Washtenaw county. Clark Cornwell, Ypsilanti Paper Company.

Zauber Wasser Spring — Hudson, Lenawee county. Geo. Chapman, M. D.

MINNESOTA.

Inglewood Springs — Minneapolis, Hennepin county. George B. Bradbury.

MINERAL WATERS.

MISSISSIPPI.
Brown's Wells — Copiah county. S. J. Morehead, Brown's Wells post office.
Castilian Springs — Near Durant, Holmes county. I). A. Outlaw.

MISSOURI.
Artesian White Sulphur Well— Clinton, Henry county. H. P. Faris, Clinton Natural Gas Development Company.
B. B. Spring — Bowling Green, Pike county. Ward & Fielder.
Blue Lick Springs — Saline county. Henry Strother, Marshall, Saline county.
Eldorado Springs — Eldorado Springs, Cedar county. W. P. Cruee.
Electric Springs — Johnson county. M. Fairchilds Doud, Warrensbnrg.
Haupt's Mineral Spring — Milan, Sullivan county. B. F. Haupt.
Lebanon Magnetic Spring — Laclede county. J. C. Fulkerson.
Paris Springs — Paris Springs, Lawrence county. E. G. Paris.
Randolph Springs — Randolph Springs, Randolph county. Horton Bros.
Reed Springs— Clay county. George T. Reed, Reed Springs Town Company.

Reiger Mineral Springs— Mercer county. E. Glendenning, M. D., Lineville, Wayne county, Iowa.
Sweet Springs — Sweet Springs, Saline county. S. C. Davis, Sweet Springs Company.
Young's Medical Well — Corner Twenty-fifth and Vine streets, Kansas City, Jackson county. H. PL. Young.

NEBRASKA.
Victoria Mineral Spring — Custer county. Charles R. Mathews, New Helena.

NEW HAMPSHIRE.
Londonderry Lithia Spring — Nashua, Rockingham county. E. S. Collins, Londonderry Lithia Spring Company.
Ponemah Springs — Amherst station, Hillsborough county. P. F. Sheolin & Co., 2 Swan street, Boston, Massachusetts.

NEW JERSEY.

Kalium Springs — Collingswood, Camden county. William Jones.

NEW MEXICO.
Aztec Springs — Santa Fe,, Santa Fe county. John Ayers.
Baca Springs — Coyote district, Bernalillo county. Meliton Chaves.
Ojo Caliente Springs — Ojo Caliente, Taos county. Antonio Joseph.
Soda Springs — Near Albuquerque, Bernalillo county. A. Harsch.

NEW YORK.

Crystal Springs — Barrington, Yates county. Asa D. Baker, Crystal Spring.
Deep Rock Springs — Oswego city, Oswego county. B. Doolittle.
Empire Seneca Spring — Dunkirk, Chautauqua county. J. Nelson.
Geneva Magnetic Mineral Spring — Geneva, Ontario county. C. A. Steele.
Massena Springs — Massena, Saint Lawrence county. W. R. Stearns, Hatfield.
Oneita Springs — Utica, Oneida county, Oneida Springs Company, Utica.
Saratoga Springs, Saratoga county :

Champion Springs — D. Kennedy, superintendent Champion Springs Company.

Columbia Springs — William Van Vranken, president Congress Springs Company.

Congress Springs — William Van Vranken, president Congress Springs Company.

Empire Springs — O. H. Cromwell.

Excelsior Union Springs — F. W. Lawrence.

Hathorn Springs — Hathorn & Co.

High Rock Springs — William Young.

Imperial Spring — R. Muchant, Saratoga Imperial Spring Company.

New Putnam Spring — Francis Remington, 23 Phila street.

Royal or New Putnam Spring — A. Putnam.

Patterson Spring — Patterson & Patterson, G5 Philadelphia street.

Saratoga Carlsbad Spring — W. H. Carragan.

Saratoga Magnetic and Peerless Springs — D. H. Porter.

Saratoga Vichy Springs — L. A. James.

White Sulphur Springs — Sharon Springs, Schoharie county. John H. Gardner & Sons.

NORTH CAROLINA.

All Healing Spring — Alexander county. I. R. Wilbar, Partee post office.

Ashley's Bromine and Arsenic Springs — Ashe county. J. M. Barker, Bristol, Tennessee.

Barium Springs — Barium Springs, Iredell county. J. S. Pope, Barium Springs post office.

Black Mountain Iron and Alum Springs — Black Mountain, Buncombe county. Moore, Sprague & Echols.

Lemon Springs — Lemon Springs, Moore county. John W. Scott.

Lincoln Lithia Springs — Lincolnton, Lincoln county. W. H. Laeey, agent, Philadelphia, or Lincoln Lithia Water Company.

Min-ne-kah-ta-Springs — Gaston county. John F. W. Thomas, All Healing post office.

Panacea Springs — Near Littleton, Halifax county. John A. Williams, Oxford, Granville county.

Park's Alkaline Springs — Near Danville, Virginia, Caswell county. John S. Park, box 554, Danville, Virginia.

Seven Springs — Seven Springs, Wayne county. W. B. Whitfield.

Shaw's Healing Springs— Littleton, Halifax county. J. L. Shaw.

MINERAL WATERS.

Adams County Mineral Spring — Mineral Springs, Adams county. B. F. Coates, M. I).

Bellbrook Magnetic Springs — Bellbrook, Greene county. The Bellbrook Magnetic Springs Company.

Crystal Mineral Spring — Champaign county. George W. Poland, Urbana.

Devonian Mineral Spring — Lorain county. Gilbert Hogan.

Electro-Magnetic Springs — Fountain Park, Champaign county. J. Chamberlin.

Lenape Spring — Delaware, Delaware county. C. E. Hills.

Magnetic and Saline Spring — Marysville, Union count}7. S. N. McCloud.

Ohio Magnetic Springs — Magnetic Springs, Union count}'. M. F. Langstaff.

Rex Mineral Water — New Richmond, Clermont county. Frank Smith.

Ripley Bromc-Lithia Spring — Ripley, Brown county. Dr. W. A. Dixon.

Sulphur Lick Spring — Franklbrd, Ross county. Moon & Popejoy, Anderson, Ross county.

OREGON.

Wagner Soda Spring — Ashland, Jackson county. G. M. Parkinson.
Wilhoit Spring — Clackamas county. R. S. McLeran.

PENNSYLVANIA.

Allegheny Spring — Warren county. J. A. Cnlbertson & Son, Irvine.

Bedford Springs — Bedford. Bedford county. Jesse H. Lippincott & Co., Pittsburg.

Black Barren Mineral Spring — Pleasant Grove, Lancaster county. James Black.

Corry Artesiau Fountain — Corry, Erie county. Thomas Pine.

Cresson Springs — Cresson, Cambria county'. William R. Dunham.

Eureka Mineral Springs— Saegerstown, Crawford county. G. W. Wright, superintendent Eureka Mineral Spring Company.

Parker Magnetic Mineral Spring — McKean county. N. H. Parker, Gardeau, MeKean county.

Pavilion Springs — Wernersville, Berks county. Wenrick & Deppen.

Pulaski Mineral Spring — Lawrence county. James C. Hutton, New Castle.

Roscommon Springs — Wind Gap, Monroe county. George H. Petty, Roscommon Inn, Wind Gap post office.

Sizerville Magnetic Mineral Spring — Sizerville, Cameron county. P. H. Shumway.

Susquehanna Spring and Kingsland Spring — Rush, Susquehanna county. E. S. Butterfield.

EHODE ISLAND.

Ochee Mineral and Medical Springs — Johnson, Providence county. H. N. Angell, 22 Peck street, Providence.
Holly Springs — Woonsocket, Providence county. Stephen Wilcox.

SOUTH CAROLINA.

Chick's Springs — Chick's Springs, Greenville county. George Westmoreland.
Glen Springs — Glen Springs, Spartenburg county. Simpson & Simpson.

SOUTH DAKOTA.
Dakota Hot Springs — Dakota Hot Springs, Fall River county. John L. Burke.

TENNESSEE.

Estill Springs — Estill Springs, Franklin county. M. A. Nelson, Estill Springs post office.
Idaho Springs — Near Clarksville, Montgomery county. James F. Johnson, Saint Bethlehem.
Red Boiling Springs — Red Boiling Springs, Macon county. J. E. Faust.
Rhea Springs — Rhea Springs, Rhea county. T. B. Gorman.

TEXAS.

Capp's Well — Longview, Gregg county. M*. F. Capp.

Dalby Springs — Texarkana, Bowie county. J. W. Farrier.

Elkhart Mineral Well — Near Elkhart, Anderson county. J. H. Burke, Elkhart Mineral Wells Company.

Hynson's Iron Mountain Springs — Marshall, Harrison county. Colonel C. E. Hynson.

Mineral Wells Springs — Mineral Wells, Palo Pinto county. Palo Pinto Medicine Company and others.

Montvale Springs — Marshall, Harrison county. P. H. Kyes.

Overall Mineral Well — Franklin, Robertson county. J. K. Overall.

Page's Well — Georgetown, Williamson county. J. M. Page.

Richards' Wells — Rockdale, Milam county. George Richards.

Rosborough Springs — Marshall, Harrison county. W. J. Rosborough.

Slack's Well — Fayette county. William M. Short, Walder Depot, Gonzales county.

Texas Sour Springs — Luling, Caldwell county. Roger Bros.

Tioga Mineral Well — Tioga, Grayson county. Rains Bros. & Street.

Wooten Wells— Wooten Wells, Robert-on county. R. H. Wade, Wooten Wells Company, Wooten Wells post office. .

VERMONT.
Alburgh Sulphur and Lithia Spring— Alburgh Springs, Grand Isle county. G. D. Oilman, 307 Washington street, Boston.
Brunswick White Sulphur Springs — Brunswick, Essex county. Henry Smith, Coos, New Hampshire.
Clarendon Springs — Clarendon Springs, Rutland county. George T. Murray.
4—3

10 MINERAL WATERS.

VIRGINIA.
Bear Lithia Springs— Elkton, Rockingham county. "VV. B. Compton, Bear Lithia Water Company.
Blue Ridge Springs— Blue Ridge Springs, Botetourt county. Philip F. Brown.
Buffalo Lithia Springs— Buffalo Lithia Springs, Mecklenburg county. Thomas F. Goode.
Cove Lithia Water— Wythe ville, Wythe county. C. B. Thomas.
Farmville Lithia Springs— Farmville, Prince Edward county. John Houston.
Hot Springs — Hot Springs, Bath county. J. A. August.

Hunter's Pulaski Alum Springs— Pulaski county. R. M. T. Hunter, Sassin, Pulaski county.
Jordon White Sulphur Springs— Jordon Springs, Frederick county. E. C. Jordon.

Massanetta Springs — Massanetta Springs, Rockingham county. C. B. Shaefer, 103 Pennsylvania avenue, Washington, D. C.
Osceola Springs— Near Pleasant Valley, Rockingham county. Osceola Water Company, Harrisonburg.
Otterburn Lithia and Magnesia Springs — Amelia Court House, Amelia county. S. S. Baker.
Piconian Spring — Loudoun county. John Milton, Pseonian Springs Company, Clark's Gap.
Powhatan Lithia and Alum Spring — Powhatan, Powhatan county. J. E. Gordon, Tobaccoville.
Rawley Springs — Rawley Springs, Rockingham county. J. P. Houck.
Roanoke Red Sulphur Springs — Roanoke county. T. J. Chapman, Salem.

Rockbridge Alum Springs — Alum Springs, Rockbridge county. George L. Payton, Payton, Campbell county.
Rockingham Springs — MeGaheysville, Rockingham county. G. T. Hopkins.

Seven Springs — 2 miles northwest of Glade Springs, Washington county. P. C. Landrum, Abingdon.
Stribling Springs — Stribling Springs, Augusta county. Chichester & Stewart.

Virginia Arsenic Bromine and Lithia Springs — Near Alleghany Springs, Montgomery county. George G. Junkins, Christiansburg.
Wallawhatoola Alum Springs — Millborough Springs, Bath county. John A. Lancaster, Richmond.
Wolf Trap Lithia Springs — Wolf Trap station, Halifax county. Purcell, Ladd & Co., Richmond.

WASHINGTON.
Cascade Springs — Skamania county. Thomas Moffett, Cascades.

Medical Lake — Medical Lake, Spokane county. T. Davidson, Medical Lake post office.
Yakima Soda Springs — North Yakima, Yakima county. R. Strobach.

WEST VIRGINIA.
Capon Springs — Capon Springs, Hampshire county. W. H. Sale.
Salt Sulphur Springs — Salt Sulphur Springs, Monroe county. John W. M. Appleton.
Triplett Springs — Willow Island, Pleasants county. W. F. Curtis, jr.
White Sulphur Springs — White Sulphur Springs, Greenbrier county. B. F. Eakle.

WISCONSIN.
Allouez Magnesia Mineral Spring — Green Bay, Brown county. J. P. Hoeffel, AUouez Mineral Spring Company.
Ashland Mineral Spring — Ashland, Ashland county. Ashland Mineral Spring Water Company.
Darlington Mineral Spring — Darlington, Lafayette county. Frank Wunderle.
Fort Crawford Spring — Prairie du Chien, Crawford county. Kenyon & Schultz.
Lebens Wasser Spring — Brown county. J. J. Handlen, Green Bay.
Salvator Mineral Spring — Brown county. J. P. C. Schmidt, Green Bay.
Shealtiel Springs — Waupaca, Waupaca county. George H. Calkins, M. D.

Sheboygan Springs — Shebo3Tgan, Sheboygan county. E. R. Richards, president Sheboygan Mineral Water Company.
Silver Sand Spring — Milwaukee county. John Graf, Milwaukee.
Vita Mineral Spring — Beaver Dam, Dodge county. Dr. G. E. Swan.

Nee-Ska-Ra Spring — Milwaukee, Milwaukee county. Nee-Ska-Ra Mineral Spring Company.
Waukesha Springs, Waukesha county :

The Alma Spring — W. H. Powers.

Arcadian Mineral Spring — Fred. Phelps, secretary and treasurer Arcadian Springs Company.

Bethesda Mineral Springs — E. E. Howe, secretary Bethesda Mineral Water Company.

Clysmie Springs — John L. Lockwood, 3 Howard street, New York city.

Henk Mineral Springs — A. C. Henk.

Horeb Mineral Spring — Thomas Spence.

Mineral Rock Spring — C. C. Olin.

Waukesha Hygeia Mineral Spring — M. P. Smith, general manager.

White Rock Mineral Spring — Charles A. Welch.

The following springs are consolidated under one name on the map :

COLORADO.

Little Chief Spring and Iron Duke Spring, under the name of Canon City Springs.

Navajo Spring, Shoshone Spring, Ute Spring, and Little Chief Iron Spring, under the name of Manitou Springs.

Clark Magnetic Mineral Spring and Fariss Magnetic Well, under the name of Pueblo Mineral Springs.

NEW YORK.

Champion Springs, Columbian Spring, Congress Spring, Empire Springs, Excelsior Union Springs, Hathorh Springs, High Rock Springs,
Imperial Springs, New Putnam Springs, Royal Spring, Patterson Spring, Saratoga Carlsbad Spring, Saratoga Magnetic and Peerless Springs,
and Saratoga Vichy Springs, under the name of Saratoga Springs.

WISCONSIN.

The Alma Spring, Arcadian Mineral Spring, Bethesda Mineral Springs, Clysmie Springs, Henk Mineral Spring, Horeb Mineral Spring,
Mineral Rock Spring, Waukesha Hygeia Mineral Spring, and White Rock Mineral Spring, under the name of Waukesha Mineral Springs.

MINERAL WATERS.

11

Geographical distkibution. — The accompanying map shows the location of those mineral-water springs of the
United States that are used commercially. It will be observed that the waters put upon the market are more
numerous from the eastern half of the country. This is not because there are more springs in that section, but
mainly because the greatest proportion of population is found there, and, consequently, it is more thoroughly
developed as to the utilization of its resources.

The following table shows the rank of the various states according to number of springs and production in
each state :

BANK OF VARIOUS STATES ACCORDING TO NUMBER AND BRODUCTION OF SBEINGS.

STATES.

Rank
according
to number
of springs.

Hank

according
to pro-
duction.

Rank
~„K ! according
states. to number
of springs.

Rank
according
to pro-
duction.

STATES.

Rank
according
to number
of springs.

Rank
according
to pro-
duction.

Alabama No. 12

No. 28

No. 5
No. 21
No. 4
No. 9
No. 8
No. 34

No. 11

No. 23
No. 35
No. 26
No. 3
No. 22

No. 7
No. 15
No. 6
No. 15
No. 15
No. 16
No. 13
No. 4
No. 14
No. 1
No. 14
No. 13
No. 3

No. 13
No. 36
No. 12
No. 25

No. 24
No. 33
No. 30
No. 15
No. 31
No. 7
No. 19
No. 29
No. 1

No. 4

JNO. _U . j

Rhode Island

South Carolina...

No. 11
No. 16
No. 15
No. 5 l
No. 16 J
No. 15
No. 16
No. 13
No. 2
No. 7

Idaho No. 16

No. 16
No. 2
No. 17
No. 32
No. 14
No. 18

New Hampshire..

Washington

West Virginia

New Mexico

North Carolina...

'*

Inasmuch as mineral waters derive their solid contents from the rocks through which they pass on their way to
the surface, when they appear as springs, there is an intimate connection between them and the geological structure
of the country in which they are found, and a comparison of the map on which the springs are plotted with a
geological map of the same region is very instructive. In regions where the older or metamorphic rocks form, or
are near, the surface, the waters as a rule contain a smaller proportion of solid ingredients than where they have
to pass through strata that are more readily affected by their solvent powers, thus giving an explanation of the
differences between the waters of various sections of the country. The connection of warm and hot springs with
mountain elevations and fractions and dislocations of the strata and with areas in which eruptive rocks prevail has
frequently been noted, and it is therefore not surprising to find this group of springs so largely in excess of cold
springs in the western part of the United States, where large areas covered by flows of basaltic and trachytic rocks
prevail.

Classification. — In the first place, all waters are characterized by their temperature, as cold, tepid, warm,
or hot. They are therefore divisible into two great groups, non-thermal and thermal.

The term thermal is not used here as applying to springs whose temperature is above the mean annual
temperature of the place in which they are located, but included under this designation are those springs the waters
of which have a temperature of 70° Fahrenheit or more. A thermal spring may belong to any one of the classes or
divisions which are based on the predominating solid constituents.

The fact that a spring is thermal depends mainly upon its geological position. Warm and hot springs are found
in regions of volcanic rocks, in connection with faulted or dislocated strata, in areas of mountain corrugation, or
where borings have been made to great depths below the surface. It has frequently been stated that thermal springs
are less highly mineralized than others, but facts do not sustain this statement. They are less numerous, but there
appears to be no reason why they may not duplicate non-thermal springs in every particular except temperature.
Each group of waters is next divided into four classes, viz, alkaline, alkaline-saline, saline, and acid.

The term " indifferent " or " chemically indifferent " of many schemes of classification has not been used. The
question as to whether a water should be called indifferent is one upon which it would be difficult to secure
unanimous opinion. The spring owner would perhaps draw his line at one place, the physician who prescribes the
water might draw it at another, and the chemist at still a third place.

The analysis should therefore be arranged in order according to the proportion of the classifying ingredient,
beginning with the least highly mineralized water under each division, and it seems preferable that the lines of
indifference be drawn by those especially interested. Pure water is a production of the chemical laboratory alone.
No chalybeate waters are placed on a line with alkaline or saline waters. Of course, all iron waters are tonic in
their effects, but they may differ widely in other properties. When the various analyses of chalybeate springs
are compared, it is found that those in which iron exists as a carbonate contain also carbonates of the alkalies or
alkaline earths. Others contain iron sulphates with various other sulphates, or they may be characterized by

12 MINERAL WATERS.

chlorides. Others again have free acid with the saline constituents. The chalybeates therefore, it seems, should
be subdivisions of the alkaline, alkaline-saline, saline, and acid classes, and here they are placed in this scheme.
The fact that they all contain iron should not relegate them to one class, especially when their effects are widely
different. The other ingredients ought not to be ignored.

Almost the same remarks hold good for the sulphur springs that have been made in regard to the chalybeate
springs. Sulphur springs are those in which free sulphureted hydrogen exists ; that is, they have a gaseous
constituent. A very little sulphureted hydrogen will go a great way in classifying a spring, but there is no more
reason to disregard the solid constituents here than in the case of the chalybeates. Even the chalybeates may be
sulphureted, and in fact any division of the four classes outlined may contain the same gaseous constituent.

The waters are therefore characterized finally according to the gas tbey contain. They may be non-gaseous,
carbonated, sulphureted, carbureted, or azotized (that is, containing nitrogen gas).

It maybe objected that the sulphur springs are separated one from the other; but if necessary the scheme can
be reversed and the gaseous character indicated first. If this be done, the alkaline, saline, and acid springs must be
divided up and separated. The plan adopted here is more compact. It seems preferable to keep all the alkaline
waters, etc., together, particularly as the analyses are not nearly so complete with reference to the gaseous constituents
as they are in regard to the solid constituents. Many waters lose the gases long before the water is analyzed in the
laboratory, and therefore no account is taken of them beyond the mention of their existence.

In nearly all lithia waters the amount of lithia is relatively small, and very frequently consists only of traces,
so that the springs are classified by some other ingredient. However, the fact that the water contains lithia, even
if only a trace, will probably be expressed in the name given to the spring. In making these remarks, of course,
nothing is said as to the efficacy or non-efficacy of even the traces in some of the waters. What is true of the lithia
waters is true of many others which are supposed to be particularly efficacious in certain diseases. In no scheme
of classification can an account be taken of all the minor constituents. It is impossible to express all the shades
of indifference, and in the examination of the analyses with a view to the use of the water a process of exclusion
or elimination will have to be followed in order to get the water just suited to the peculiar conditions presented.

Returning now to the scheme outlined, the first class is alkaline. This name has been so long and universally
used to include those waters that contain the alkaline carbonates that it is retained. Included under it are all waters
characterized by carbonates, whether of the alkalies, alkaline earths, alkaline metals, or even iron alone. As already
noted, the carbonate of iron is usually associated with alkaline carbonates. The alkaline waters as thus designated
are divided primarily into five great divisions, viz, sodic, potassic, calcic, magnesic, and chalybeate, in which the
carbonates of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and iron, respectively, predominate. Those springs are also
separated in which there is a combination, as calcic-chalybeate, sodic-magnesic, etc., or they inay have a combination
of two or more of the gases, as sulpho-carbonated, etc.

Some few springs contain a large quantity of free nitrogen gas. These are designated as azotized. In others
the predominating gas is carbureted hydrogen ; that is, they are carbureted. For those springs characterized by
free carbonic-acid gas the term carbonated instead of acidulous is used to avoid confusion with acid springs. There
are carbonated acid sulphated springs, i. e., springs with free sulphuric acid, sulphates, and free carbonic-acid gas,
and to call these springs acidulous acid springs would be, to say the least, somewhat awkward.

Nearly one-half of' the alkaline springs are calcic-alkaline ; that is, with calcium carbonate or bicarbonate
predominating. The calcic-chalybeate springs come next in number. A great many of the well-known springs fall
under the head of calcic-alkaline, such as the Waukesha springs of Wisconsin, the Poland spring and Auburn
sprino- of Maine, the Gettysburg spring of Pennsylvania, etc. Under calcic-chalybeate there are some of the Bedford
springs of Pennsylvania, some of the springs near Crab Orchard and other localities in Kentucky, and the iron
spring at Richfield Springs, New York.

The next class includes the alkaline-saline springs, viz, those in which there is a mixture of carbonates with
sulphates or chlorides. It is separated, therefore, into two divisions, sulphated and muriated, according to the
predominance of either set of salts, and, secondly, subdivided exactly as were the alkaline springs, according to
the base, into the sodic, potassic, magnesic, chalybeate, etc. Each one of these subdivisions may also be non-
gaseous, carbonated, or sulphureted, etc. The most prominent springs under the head of alkaline-saline are the
Saratoga springs, which are placed under the head of carbonated sodic-muriated alkaline-saline springs, i. e., they
contain free carbonic-acid gas and have sodium chloride predominating, and contain also alkaline carbonates.
The Clarendon springs of Vermont are also alkaline-saline, being carbonated calcic-magnesic. Naturally the sodic
muriated springs are the most numerous in this class.

The third class, saline springs, is divided exactly as are the alkaline-saline springs. The salines outnumber
the alkaline-salines in the proportion of three to one, and are nearly one-third more numerous than the alkaline
springs. Almost all of the springs usually classed under the head of purgative or aperient saline will fall under the
head of sulphated salines in this scheme.

MINERAL WATERS. 13

Thus a sodic-sulphated water and a magnesic-sulphated water would not be mistaken for anything else than
purgative waters. Among other waters of this division are the well-known Grab Orchard and Harrodsburg springs
of Kentucky, Anderson spriug of Bedford Springs, Pennsylvania, the Midland well of Michigan, and Alburgh springs
of Vermont.

About one-quarter of the sulphated salines are calcic. Possibly in arranging these waters the proportion of
the other sulphates ought also to be given, as the calcic-sulphate is supposed to be inert medicinally. Sharon
Springs, New York, have been placed under the head of sulphureted calcic-magnesic sulphated waters, and some of
the Richfield springs belong there also. Possibly they should be called sulpho-carbonated, although the sulphureted
hydrogen largely predominates. A large number of the alum springs fall under the chalybeate-sulphated springs.
Those with free sulphuric acid, however, belong to the next class.

Of the muriated saline springs nearly 88 per cent are sodic muriated ; that is, with common salt as the
principal constituent. Of course, all brines fall under this head.

The fourth and last class is named acid, a class that has been neglected in most schemes of classification.
Here under the sulphated acid division are placed those waters characterized by the presence of free sulphuric acid
and sulphates. They include the sour springs found at three localities in Texas, the Oak Orchard acid springs of
New York, the Blossburg springs of Pennsylvania, the Iowa acid springs, and most of the alum springs of Virginia
and Kentucky.

The muriated acid springs are those characterized by the presence of free hydrochloric acid in connection with
chlorides.

In the attempt to classify the commercial natural mineral waters of the United States in accordance with the
scheme outlined, only the springs represented on the list are included.

SCHEME OF CLASSIFICATION OF NATURAL MINERAL WATERS.

GROUP A. — NON-THERMAL. GROUP B. — THERMAL.

Class I. Alkaline.

Class II. Alkaline-saUne (J- Sulphated.

[ 2. Muriated.

Class III. Saline {£ w^ff'

I 2. Muriated.

("1. Sulphated.

Class IV. Acid ia Muriated. ■

[3. Smeeousj^Sed.

The list of commercial waters following are not noted as belonging to either Group A or Group B, as when
placed upon the market they are practically non-thermal, whether they are considered as thermal or non-thermal
at the spring furnishing the water.

Many of the springs included in the list would be indicated in some systems of classification as " indifferent,"
but, as already said, the line of indifference is one that would be drawn at very different places by different persons,
according to their points of view. Therefore the total solid contents of the waters are given, and each one interested
can draw the line.

14

MINEEAL WATEES.

I. ALKALINE SPRINGS. pebga'llon.

Sodic:

Pavilion Springs, Pennsylvania 1 . 98

Medical Lake, Washington 101. 4G

Carbonated sodic:

Cony Artesian Fountain, Pennsylvania 20.59

Bladen Springs, Alabama 48.88

Geyser Soda Spring, California 57.12

El Toro Spring, California 187.15

Litton Seltzer Spring, California 228.69

Joseph's Ojo Caliente Springs, New Mexico 1,686.34

Sulphureted sodic:

Allegheny Sulphur Springs, Pennsylvania 24.20

Sodic-calcic : .

Ashley's Bromine and Arsenic Spring, Tennessee 4.82

Carbonated sodic-calcic:

Navajo Spring, Manitou Springs, Colorado 25.33

Ute Spring, Manitou Springs, Colorado 97.49

Sodic-chalybeate :

Cold Bowling Spring, Maine 1.60

Bailey Springs, Alabama 14.88

Carbonated sodic-chalybeate :

Panacea Springs, North Carolina 9.79

Iron Ute Springs, Manitou, Colorado 210.87

Calcic-alkaline :

Undine Spring, Massachusetts 0.27

Arcadian Mineral Spring, "Waukesha, Wisconsin 0.36

Mineral Rock Spring, Waukesha, Wisconsin 0.38

Sheep Rock Spring, Massachusetts 0.81

Old Point Indian Spring, Maine 2.80

Paeonian Spring, Virginia 3.57

Belmont Natural Spring, Massachusetts 3.69

Poland Spring, Maine 3.75

All Healing Spring, North Carolina 7.31

Chattolanee Spring, Maryland 8.29

Echo Grove Mineral Spring, Massachusetts 8.41

Ochee Spring, Rhode Island 8.99

Lincoln Lithia Spring, North Carolina 10 . 65

Ingle wood Spring, Minnesota 16 . 56

Horeb Mineral Springs, Waukesha, Wisconsin 20 . 02

Bellbrook Magnetic Spring, Massachusetts 26.79

Mountain Valley Spring, Arkansas 21.82

Lake View Medical Spring, Iowa 32.28

Clysmic Spring, Waukesha, Wisconsin 35.46

Hygeia Spring, Waukesha, Wisconsin 36 . 21

Glen Flora Mineral Spring, Illinois 36.41

Bethesda Spring, Waukesha, Wisconsin 35 . 71

White Rock Mineral Spring, Waukesha, Wisconsin 37.06

Kickapoo Magnetic Springs, Indiana 41 . 91

Lenape Magnetic Spring, Ohio 55.70

Electric Magnetic Springs, Ohio 61.33

Carbonated calcic:

Hot Springs, Virginia 0.60

Roscommon Spring, Pennsylvania 1.21

Sweet Spring, Bedford Springs, Pennsylvania 1 . 62

Aztec Springs, New Mexico 2.83

Capon Springs, West Virginia 12.15

Large Limestone Spring, Bedford Springs, Pennsylvania.... 14.70

•Manitou Spring, Manitou Springs, Colorado 18.20

AVolf Trap Lithia Springs, Virginia 19.83

Massanetta Mineral Spring, Virginia 25.76

Electric Springs, Missouri 41.73

Bartlett Springs, California 43 . 35

Crystal Springs, Yates county, New York 12.08

I. ALKALINE S PRINGS— Continued. pebSIiTon.

Sulpho-carbonated calcic:

Roanoke Red Sulphur Springs, Virginia 5.21

Spring No. 2 (sulphur spring), Stribling Springs, Virginia.. 34.88

Calcic-magnesic :

Shealtiel Mineral Springs, Wisconsin 14.65

Henk Mineral Spring, Waukesha, Wisconsin 14.65

Nee-Ska-Ra Spring, Wisconsin 29.59

Lebens Wasser Spring, Wisconsin 31 . 22

Darlington Mineral Spring, Wisconsin 31.79

Salvador Mineral Spring, Wisconsin 33 . 03

Alma Spring, Waukesha, Wisconsin 33.35

Vita Mineral Spring, Wisconsin 34.06

Perry Springs, Illinois 38.24

Ashland Spring, Wisconsin 43.69

Allouez Magnesia Mineral Spring, Wisconsin 62.38

Carbonated calcic-magnesic :

Bear Lithia Springs, Virginia 9.60

Otterburn Lithia and Magnesic Spring, Virginia 9.86

Lebanon Magnetic Spring, Missouri 10.72

Eastman Springs, Michigan 18.04

Osceola Lithia Spring, Virginia 34.39

Ohio Magnetic Springs, Ohio 44.90

Idanha Spring, Idaho 152.14

Sulpho-carbonated calcic-magnesic :

Cove Lithia Spring, Virginia 10.61

Calcic-chalybeate :

Park's Alkaline Spring, North Carolina 14.93

Shaw's Healing Springs, North Carolina 8.40

Carbonated calcic-chalybeate:

Chalybeate Springs, Stribling Springs, Virginia 20.95

Reed's Mineral Springs, Missouri 26.38

Carbonated magnesic :

Susquehanna Spring, Pennsylvania 9.92

Farmville Lithia Springs, Virginia 26.39

Napa Soda Springs, California 68.76

Wagner Soda Spring, Oregon 163.87

Magnesic chalybeate:

Keystone Spring, Maine 3.00

Windsor Chalybeate Spring, Maine 5.60

Carbonated chalybeate:

Main Fountain , Rawley Springs, Virginia 5 . 78

Cherokee Magnetic Mineral Spring, Iowa 29.93

Sulpho-carbonated chalybeate :

Chalybeate Spring, Eureka Mineral Svjrings, Pennsylvania.. 42. 35

II. ALKALINE-SALINE SPRINGS.

1. SULPHATED.

Carbonated sodic:

Ponemah Springs, New Hampshire 3.03

Sodic-magnesic :

Idaho Hot Springs, Colorado 177.69

Calcic:

Allandale Spring, Massachusetts 3.30

Carbonated calcic:

William's Spring, Paris Chalybeate Springs, Missouri 1.10

Hartfort Cold Spring, Maine 44.68

Spring No. 2, Buffalo Lithia Springs, Virginia 98 . 38

Shoshone Spring, Manitou Springs, Colorado 132 . 80

Little Chief Spring, Manitou Springs, Colorado 132 . 80

MINERAL WATERS.

15

II. ALKALINE-SALINE SPRINGS— Continued. °*A™*

PER tiAI.I:<>>.

1. Sulphatkd — Continued.

Calcic-sodic chalybeate :

Topeka Mineral Wells, Kansas 147 . 45

Calcic-rnagnesic :

Virginia Arsenic Bromine and Lithia Spring, Virginia 18.37

Victoria Mineral Springs, Nebraska 62.18

Sulpho-carbonated calcic-magnesic chalybeate :

Kirkwood Mineral Spring, Illinois 22.28

Carbonated calcic-chalybeate :

Buffalo Lithia Spring No. 3, Virginia 1 4 . 47

2. Mueiated.
Sodic:

Underwood Spring, Maine 2.10

Iron Dnke, Canon City Springs, Colorado 219.54

Little Ute, Canon City Springs, Colorado 242.95

Castalian Mineral Water, California 4,422.25

Carbonated sodic:

Wilhoit Spring, Oregon 421.97

Saratoga Springs, New York :

White Sulphur 115.73

Magnesie 216.05

Imperial 269.20

Vichy 315.18

New Putnam 361.01

Columbia 407.30

Peerless 419.62

Excelsior .• 514.75

Patterson 518.18

High Rock 628.04

Royal 640.03

Empire 680.44

Congress 700.89

Union 701.17

Carlsbad 1,149.21

Champion 1 , 1 95 . 58

Magnesia Spring, Cresson Springs, Pennsylvania 6.88

De Profundis Spring, Eureka Mineral Springs, Pennsylvania 23 . 77

Pacific Congress Spring 335.85

Lansing Magnetic Well, Michigan 613.77

Pulaski Mineral Spring, Pennsylvania 2G5.49

Sulphureted sodic:

Triplet Natural Mineral Springs, West Virginia 77 . 88

Sulpho-carbonated sodic:

Coronado Springs, California ! 26.29

White Sulphur Spring, Byron Springs, Californ ia 36 . 06

Sodic-potassic:

Kalium Springs, New Jersey 5.70

Sodic-magnesic :

Aspinock Spring, Connecticut 2.21

Carbonated sodic-magnesic :

Azule Mineral Well, California 153.77

Bedford Magnesie Spring 153.87

Calcic :

Holly Spring, Rhode Island 2.51

Everett Crystal Spring, Massachusetts 13.63

Calcic-sodic:

Baca Springs, New Mexico 137.44

Carbonated calcic-sodic :

Soda Springs, New Mexico 153.84

III. SALINE SPRINGS.

1. SULPIIATED.

Sodic:

Black Hawk Springs, Hlinois

Paraiso Spring, California

Faris Magnetic Well, Pueblo, Colorado

Palo Pinto Mineral Wells, Texas

Haupt's Mineral Spring, Missouri

Ottumwa Medical Springs, Iowa

Carbonated-sodic :

Clarendon Springs, Vermont

Page's Well, Texas

Sodic-calcic :
Magnetic Springs and Well, Michigan .

Sodic-chalybeate :
Stafford Mineral Spring, Connecticut....

Carbonated sodic-chalybeate :
Seltzer Mineral Spring, Colorado

Sulphureted potassic-sodic :
Albnrgh Springs, Vermont

Calcic :

Daniel Mineral Spring, Georgia

Flintstone Mineral Springs, Maryland.
Providence Mineral Well, Kansas

Carbonated calcic:

Barium Springs, North Carolina

Manhattan Artesian Mineral Wells, Kansas

Sulphureted calcic:

Glen Springs, South Carolina

Massena Sulphur Springs, New York

Calcic-sodic:
Dakota Hot Springs, South Dakota

Sulpho-carbonated calcic-sodic magnesie:
Salt Sulphur Springs, West Virginia

Calcic-magnesic:

Hughes' Springs, Georgia

Geneva Magnetic Mineral Springs, New York

Carbonated calcic-magnesic :

Magnesia Spring, Bedford Springs, Pennsylvania

Magnesia Iron Spring, Bedford Springs, Pennsylvania.

Sulphureted calcic-magnesic:
Blue Ridge Springs, Virginia

Sulpho-carbonated calcic-magnesic :
Greenbrier White Sulphur Springs, Virginia

Calcic-magnesic chalybeate :
Hon Spring, Cresson Springs, Pennsylvania

Sulpho-carbonated magnesie chalybeate:
Spring No. 1, West Eldorado Springs, Missouri

Calcic alnmino-magnesic chalybeate:
Seven Springs, Abingdon, Virginia

Chalybeate :
Matchless Mineral Water Well, Alabama

Carbonated chalybeate-sodie magnesie:

Spring No. 5, West Eldorado Springs, Missouri

Spring No. 6, West Eldorado Springs, Missouri

3.99

58.80
62.03
226.23
351.39
356.45

108.01
174.00
246.30

8.40
117.94

97.55
104.72

86.42
152.01

141.17
153.30

16

MINERAL WATERS.

III. SALINE SPRINGS— Continued. person.

1. Sulphated — Continued.
Carbonated chalybeate-calcic magnesie:

Spring No. 2, Eldorado Springs, Missouri 24 . 66

Spring No. 4, Eldorado Springs, Missouri 29.31

Carbonated chalybeate-magnesic :

Spring No. 3, Eldorado Springs, Missouri 22.01

2. Mukiated.
Sodic:

Black Hawk Springs, Iowa 34.10

Cantoment Spring, Florida 42.88

Prairie du Chien Artesian Well, Wisconsin 137.03

Saint Patrick's Well, Kentucky 165.38

Randolph Springs, Missouri 340.12

Tolenas Springs, California - 360.00

Spring Lake Magnetic Well, Michigan 628 . 37

Sheboygan Mineral Spring, Wisconsin 657.88

Carbonated sodic :

Diamond Mineral Spring, Colorado 104.90

Sanicnla Springs, Illinois 170.77

Oneita Springs, New York 183.77

Salutaris Springs, Michigan 222.20

White Sulphur Springs, Iowa 296.49

Deep Rock Springs, New York 559.18

GreatSpirit Spriug, Kansas 1,120.76

Byron Springs:

Iron Pipe Spring 668.14

Hot Salt Spring 706.94

Liver and Kidney Spring 769.05

Surprise Spring 18,773.73

Sulphureted sodic:

Lodi Artesian Well, Indiana 672.45

Ypsilanti Mineral Well, Michigan 1,205.69

Mineral Well, Mount Clemens Mineral Springs, Michigan.. 13,654.33
Sweet Springs, Missouri:

Sweet Spring 152.27

Akesion Spring 1,061.94

Sulpho-carbonated sodic :

Ripley Bromo Lithia Springs, Ohio 75.17

Rex Mineral Spring, Ohio 130.09

Magnetic Mineral Springs, Terre Haute, Indiana 429.44

Black Sulphur Spring, Byron's Springs, California 461.97

Lower Blue Lick Springs, Kentucky 632.83

Iron Spring, Byron's Springs, California 765.64

Spring No. 2, Blue Lick Springs, Missouri 1,213.72

Young's Medicinal Wells, Missouri 1,562.01

Carbonated-azotized sodic :

West Baden Springs No. 1, Indiana 282.99

III. SALINE SPRINGS— Continued. pebqISon.

2. Mukiated — Continued.

Sodic-ealcic:
Parker Magnetic Mineral Spring, Pennsylvania 627.59

Sodic-calcic magnesie:
Arkansas Lithia Spring, Arkansas 67.79

Calcic :
Simpson Springs, Massachusetts 2 . 60

Sulphureted calcic-sodic :
Devonian Mineral Spring, Ohio 6,472.21

Carbonated calcic-chalybeate:
Maryland Strontia Spring, Maryland 74 . 76

Sulpho-carbonated potassic :
Peoria Magnetic Artesian Springs, Illinois 185.00

IV. ACID SPRINGS.

1. SULPHATED.

Alumino-chalybeate :

Alum Spring, Stribling Springs, Virginia 55.86

Black Mountains Hon and Alum Spring, North Carolina... 99.65

Carbonated alumino-chalybeate :

Rockbridge Alum Springs, Virginia:

Chalybeate 7.61

Spring No. 6 17.94

Spring No. 5 21.53

Spring No. 4 27.09

Spring No. 1 43.09

Spring No. 8 52.73

Spring No. 9 55.09

Spring No. 3 61.77

Spring No. 2 62.35

Spriug No. 7 116.27

Walla whatoola Alum Springs, Virginia 119.41

Alumino-magnesic chalybeate :
Elkhart Mineral Wells, Texas:

WellNo. 2 143.81

Well No. 3 169.28

Well No. 1 181.51

Alumino-calcic chalybeate :
Overall Mineral Wells, Texas:

Well No. 1 133.76

Well No. 2 235.01

Calcic-alumino-magiiesia chalybeate:
Texas Sour Springs, Texas 443.91

Calcic-magnesic chalybeate :
Brown's Wells, Mississippi 266.23

MINERAL WATERS.

17

UNCLASSIFIED WATERS.

The following list includes all those springs which either did not furnish an analysis or of which the analysis
was only partial or only qualitative :

Healing Springs. Alabama.

Jackson White Sulphur Springs, Alabama.

Fair-child's Potash Sulphur Springs, Arkansas.

Hot Springs of Elsinore, California.

Ojai Hot Springs, California.

Boulder Spring, Colorado.

Clark Magnetic Mineral Spring, Colorado.

Hillsboro' Mineral Spring, Illinois.

Red Avon Springs, niinois.

Silver Springs Mineral Well, Illinois.

Ash Iron Spring, Indiana.

Buffalo Saline Well, Indiana.

Elliot's Mineral Springs, Indiana.

King Mineral Spring, Indiana.

Boiling Springs, Kansas.

Geuda Mineral Springs, Kansas.

Osage Mission Mineral Well, Kansas.

Wichita Mineral Water Springs, Kansas.

Anita Springs, Kentucky.

Bedford Springs, Kentucky.

Seal Rock Spring, Maine.

Cecil Spring, Maryland.

Belmont Hill Spring, Massachusetts.

Zauber Wasser Well, Hudson, Michigan.

Artesian White Sulphur Well, Chester, Missouri.

Eeiger Springs, Missouri.

Empire Seneca Spring, New York.

Lemon Springs, North Carolina.

Seven Springs, North Carolina.

Adams County Mineral Springs, Ohio.

Magnetic and Saline Spring, Marysville, Ohio.

Sulphur Lick Spring, Ohio.

Sizerville Magnetic Mineral Spring, Pennsylvania.

Chick's Springs, South Carolina.

Estill Springs, Tennessee.

Idaho Springs, Tennessee.

Dalby Springs, Texas.

Capp's Mineral Water, Texas.

Hynson's Iron Mount Springs, Texas.

Montvale Springs, Texas.

Richards' Wells, Texas.

Roseborough Springs, Texas.

Slack's Wells, Texas.

Tioga Mineral Well, Texas.

Brunswick White Sulphur Springs, Vermont.

Hunter's Pulaski Alum Springs, Virginia.

Powhatan Lithia and Saline Spring, Virginia.

Rockingham Springs, Virginia.

Silver Sand Spring, Wisconsin.

rt

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SHOWING THE LOCATION

MINKRAL SPRINGS OFTHE UNITED STATES

THI WATERS OFWHICH ARE L'SED COMMERCIALLY

...:

191894

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