M *HA201 . 1890 . A 2
Aug. IQ>9
Ian. 13
a-
V
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Extra Census Bulletin.
lo. 97. WASHINGTON, D. C. November 1, 1894,
STATISTICS OF FOREIGN PARENTAGE.
NUMBER OF PERSONS HAVING ONE OR BOTH PARENTS FOREIGN BORN: 1870 TO 1890.
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
Census Office,
Washington, D. C, October 20, 1894.
Sir:
I have the honor to transmit herewith the essential results of the Eleventh Census regarding foreign
parentage.
Since 1850 the foreign born population has been classified according to country of birth at each decennial
census of the United States. Until the census of 1870, however, no effort was made to determine the proportion of
the total population of foreign parentage, that is, the number of persons, whether themselves of native or foreign
birth, who had either one or both parents foreign born. As a result of the compilations made in 1870 it was
ascertained that the whole number of persons of foreign parentage was 10,892,015, and that they constituted 28.25
per cent of the total population at that census. The whole number of persons in 1870 who were themselves of
foreign birth was 5,567,229, very nearly all of whom were of foreign parentage, that is, with the exception of a
very small number whose parents were both native born, the exact number not being stated.
No information was afforded by the census of 1870, however, as to the extent to which each of the principal
foreign countries had contributed to that element of the population who were of native birth but who had one or both
parents foreign born, so that in compiling the census of 1880 an elaborate tabulation, as stated in the Tenth Census
report, was undertaken in order to ascertain the proportions contributed to the whole element of foreign parentage
by each of the following nationalities: Ireland, Germany, Great Britain, Scandinavia, British America, and "Other
countries". This tabulation was completed for 36 states and territories, including the District of Columbia, and the
ratios derived therefrom, that is, the number of persons having fathers and mothers born in each of the above
named countries to each 1,000 persons born in the same country, were applied to the whole number of persons of
each of these nationalities in the United States, in order to determine, approximately at least, the number of
persons, both native born and foreign born, in the United States in 1880 who had fathers and mothers born as stated,
and indirectly the whole number of persons of foreign parentage. Whether or not these ratios, derived from
partial tabulations only, producedsubstantially accurate results for the whole country can not be definite! j' determined,
except by completing the tabulation for the states not tallied in 1880, which included, besides the territory of Utah,
some of the largest states in point of population, and which contained the largest proportions of the foreign born
population, viz, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Iowa, Kansas, and Maine.
Assuming that the results are approximately correct, it appears that out of a total population in 1880 of
50,155,783, there were 14,922,744, or 29.75 per cent, who had either one or both parents born in foreign countries.
In the 36 states and territories for which the tabulations were completed, the whole number having either one
or both parents foreign born was 5,758,811, or 21.85 per cent of the total population (26,354,124) of the slates and
C. O. P.— 8m
2 STATISTICS OF POPULATION.
territories considered. In these states and territories there were 2,673,217 persons of foreign birth, or 40.02 per
cent only of all the foreign born in the United States in 1880, of which number 13.307 were of native parentage, that
is, although of foreign birth themselves their parents were both native born. The whole number of persons of
foreign birth who were of foreign parentage, that is, who had either one or both parents foreign born, in these 36
states and territories was 2,659,910, leaving 3,098,901 persons who were of native birth but of foreign parentage.
In the United States as a whole the foreign born persons in 1880 numbered 6,679,913 and the foreign born persons
of native parentage were estimated to be 33,252. The whole number of foreign born persons of foreign parentage
in the United States in 1S80, therefore, was, approximately. 6,646,691, while the whole number of native born
persons of foreign parentage was, approximately, 8,276,053.
In 1890 the tabulations regarding foreign parentage comprehended for white persons not only Ireland and
Germany, which were the only countries separately tabulated in 1880, but also each of the countries comprising the
nationalit}* groups used in 1SS0, as England, Scotland, and Wales instead of Great Britain ; Sweden, Norway, and
Denmark instead of Scandinavia ; a separation according to French and English extraction for Canada and
Newfoundland, besides giving iu addition thereto those countries from which more recent contributions of noticeable
proportions have been received, particularly during the past decade, as Bohemia, Hungary, France, Italy, and Bussia.
The colored population in 1S90 was only tabulated as regards the number who were either of native or foreign
parentage.
Considering first the results arrived at in 1S90 in a general way, it appears that the whole number of persons
of foreign parentage, without regard to color, was 20,676,046, or 33.02 per cent of the total population, which in
1890 was 62,622,250. The whole number of white persons of foreign parentage in 1890 was 20,519,643 while the
colored persons of foreign parentage numbered 156,403. The foreign white in 1890 numbered 9,121,867, of which
105,899, or 1.16 per cent, were of native parentage, that is, had both parents native born. The whole number of
foreign white persons of foreign parentage in 1S90 was, therefore. 9,015,968, leaving 11.503,675 native white persons
of foreign parentage. The number of foreign colored who were of native parentage was not separately tabulated
iu 1S90.
The table on the following page gives the total population together with the number and percentage of persons
of foreign parentage by states and territories for 1870 and 1890 in detail, and for the 36 states and territories in 1S80
for which foreign parentage figures were compiled.
FOREIGN PARENTAGE.
NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL POPULATION OF FOREIGN PARENTAGE: 1870 TO 1890.
AND TERRITORIES.
Persons of fore
parentage.
Total
population.
Total
populatic
rsona of foreign
parentage.
Persons of foreig
parentage.
Total
population.
The United States..
North Atlantic di'
Maine
New Hampshir
Vermont
Massachusetts..
Rhode Island-
Connecticut
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania. .-
■South Atlantic division..
Delaware
Maryland
District of Colurnbii
Virginia
West Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
Florida
North Central di
Indiana....
Illinois ....
Michigan.
North Dakota..
South Dakota..
Nebraska
South Central di
Kentucky...
Tennessee...
Alabama
Mississippi.
Louisiana ...
Texas
Oklahoma...
Arkansas.....
Montana
Wyoming
Colorado
New Mexico..
Arizona
Utah
Idaho
Washington..
Oregon
California....
17,401,515
661,080
376,530
332,422
2,238,943
345,506
746,258
5,997,853
1,414,933
5,258,011
8,857,920
8,215,838
47.21
14,507,407
151,158
121,293
101,177
1,259,121
200,452
375,488
3,397,966
698,182
1,907,701
533,380
22.87
32.21
31.43
56.24
58.02
50.32
56.65
48.32
36,28
168,493
1,012,390
230,392
1,655,980
762,794
1,617,917
1,151,119
1,837,353
391,422
250,379
46,930
43,565
59,650
11,256
17,603
32,684
18.22
21.02
20.37
0.70
1.53
1.78
10.37
43.02
1,145,827
1,243,009
981,783
833,188
669,311
144,305
199,287
419,860
382,164
10,972,S93
1,858,635
1,767,518
1,513,017
1,289,600
1,118,587
2,235,523
61,834
1,128,179
3,027,613
183,380
53,358
37,884
25,729
149,215
338,173
7,227
38,072
33.96
20.40
49.06
54.72
73.69
75.42
43.58
24.98
78.98)
60.61J
42.48
26.78
648,936
346,991
332,286
1,783,085
276,531
622,700
5,082,S71
1,131,116
4,282,891
7,597,197
12,298,730
146,608
934,943
177,624
1,512,565
618,457
1,399,750
995,577
1,542,180
269,493
17,364,111
9.87
3.02
2.50
2.00
13.31
15.13
11.69
3.37
(»)
80,068
95,892
880,731
143,299
276,828
('■>)
(!>)
(6)
462,974
23,925
218,636
41,673
36,722
58,290
10,712
21,666
29,130
19,220
3,198,062
(*)
1,978,301
(6)
3,077,871
(6)
1,636,937
<M
1,315,497
951 , 149
780,773
558,304
1,624,615
(6)
2,168,380
553,947
(6)
23.07
28.86
49.39
51.82
44.46
(b)
(6)
(6)
4,871,960
626,915
318,300
330,551
1,457,351
217,353
537,454
4,382,759
906,096
3,521,951
5,853,610
91,651
44,592
83,615
626,211
95,090
203,650
2,225,627
350,316
1,151,208
368,819
16.32
125,015
23.38
780,894
25.15
131,700
2.43
1,225,163
9.4,3
412,014
0.77
1,071,361
2.18
705,606
1.89
1,181,109
7.13
187,748
12,981,111
20,361
181,362
34,106
30,794
46,204
6,464
16,449
23,814
9,295
4,694,169
(»)
(6)
(6)
72.30
71.51
(6)
25.55
c89,652 c66.32
452,402
996,096
8,919,371
1,648,690
1,542,359
1,262,505
1,131,597
939,946
1,591,719
196,479
(b)
676,303
169,395
45,170
30,295
25,575
146,000
231,603
43.43
(b)
2,665,260
1,680,637
2,539,891
1,184,059
1,054,670
439,706
1,194,020 \
1,721,295 ■
cl4,ISl
122,993
361,399
2.40
2.26
1,321,011
1,258,520
996,992
849,815
341 ,001
986,035
488,159
717,832
285,516
416,139
465,125
c7,319
50,017
87,211
142,720
36,326
21,844
73,661
29,317
162,913
23,720
32,821
137,798
27,011
38,488
156,126
106,275
685,306
2f,,:;25
39.52
15.41
55.05
66.28
59.03
45.61
41.69
33.87
56.72
39,159
20,789
194,327
119,565
40.140
143,963
62,266
32,610
75,116
174,768
861,691
19,106
10,166
71,445
13,433
22,308
W
39,305
17,325
28,601
54,123
517,013
48.79
50.34
11.23
55.1
(&)
63.:
53.13
16
12
30.97
42,491
11,999
23,955
90,923
500,247
9.61
14.62
14.01
25.30
42.97
16.29
23.22
25.90
2.51
10.45
0.60
2.33
36.16
31.88
20.29
38.82
41.23
68.06
64.93
34.85
27.02
C51.61
40.67
23.93
18.16
13.11
990,510
487,436
49.21
20,595
10,246
49.75
9,118
5,000
54.84
39,864
10,707
26.86
91,874
8.677
9.14
9,658
6,766
70.06
(58.01
59.11
Estimated. Foreign parentage i
i tabulated for only 36 states and territories.
Dakota territory.
4 STATISTICS OF POPULATION.
The proportion of persons of foreign parentage to the total population, as shown by the preceding table, has
steadily increased from 1870 to 1890 in all the states of the North Atlantic division, the largest increases in the
proportion being in New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and Connecticut. This is also true as regards-
the states of the North Central division, with the single exception of Missouri. The largest increases in the
proportion in this division are found in North Dakota, South Dakota, Michigan, Minnesota, Illinois, and Iowa.
In the South Atlantic division the proportion has increased materially in Florida and but slightly in Delaware,
Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina. In all the other states of this division there is a less proportion of
persons of foreign parentage to the total population in 1890 than in 1870, the largest decreases being in the
District of Columbia and West Virginia. In the South Central division there has been a perceptible increase in
the proportion of persons of foreign parentage in 1890 as compared with 1870 in Texas and Arkansas, a very
slight increase in Alabama and Tennessee, and a decrease in Louisiana, Kentucky, and Mississippi, the loss in
Louisiana being particularly noticeable.
In the Western division the proportion of persons of foreign parentage has increased from 1870 to 1890 in
Colorado, Oregon, Washington, New Mexico, and Montana. In Colorado and Oregon the increase was mainly from
1870 to 1880, while in the remaining states the increase has been almost wholly since 18S0. There has been a loss
in the other states and territories in this division, the decrease in the proportion being especially noticeable in
Idaho, Arizona, and Wyoming.
Considering the proportion of persons of foreign parentage to total population in the several states and
territories in 1890, it is seen that the largest proportions were 78.98 per cent in North Dakota and 75.42 per cent
in Minnesota, or, in other words, more than three-fourths of the entire population of those two states in 1890 were
of foreign extraction. In Wisconsin the element of foreign extraction constituted very nearly three-fourths of the
total population, or 73.69 per cent, and in Utah very nearly two-thirds of the population, or 66.28 per cent. In
South Dakota the persons of foreign parentage constituted a trifle over 60 per cent, while in Nevada, Rhode Island,
California, New York, Massachusetts, Montana, Arizona, Michigan, and Connecticut they constituted between 50
and GO per cent of the total population. In Illinois, New Jersey, and Wyoming they constituted very nearly 50
per cent. North Carolina had the smallest proportion of persons of foreign parentage, or seven-tenths of 1 per cent
only, and was closely followed by South Carolina with 1.53 per cent and Georgia with 1.78 per cent. In Mississippi,
Alabama, and Virginia less than 3 per cent of the total population were of foreign parentage, while in Tennessee
and Arkansas there was a trifle more than 3 per cent.
In the North Atlantic, North Central, and Western divisions more than two-fifths of the population in 1890
were of foreign parentage, the percentages being 47.21, 43.02, and 48.67, respectively. The smallest percentages
in these three divisions were 22.87 in Maine, 20.40 in Indiana, and 15.44 in New Mexico. In the South Atlantic
division but 6.02 per cent of the population were of foreign parentage, the largest percentages being found in
Delaware, Maryland, and the District of Columbia. In the South Central division oniy 7.59 per cent were of
foreign parentage, the largest percentages being found in Louisiana, Texas, and Oklahoma.
The relative proportions of white and colored persons of native and foreign parentage in the United States in
1890 are summarized as follows:
•
COLOR.
Total
population.
PERSONS OF NATIVE
PARENTAGE.
PERSONS OF FOREIGN
PARENTAGE.
Number.
Per
cent.
Number.
Per
cent.
62,622,250
41,916,201
66.98
20,676,046
33.02
54,983,890
34,464,247
62.68
20,519,643
37.32
45,862,023
34,358,348 j 74.92
11,503,675 , 25.08
9,015,968 1 98.84
As already stated, the term "foreign parentage" includes all persons, whether themselves of native or foreign
birth, who had either one or both pai-ents foreign born. The term " native parentage", on the other hand, includes
all persons, irrespective of birth, who had either both parents native born, one parent native born and one parent
for whom the birthplace was " unknown", or for whom the birthplace of both parents was " unknown". The chief
point being to determine the number having one or both parents foreign born, that is, the purely foreign element
and its proportion to the entire population, all other persons have been considered, for convenience, as being of
native parentage.
FOREIGN PARENTAGE. 5
For this reason, and because of the small proportion of the whole population for whom the birthplace of both
parents was "unknown", it was not deemed necessary to present the unknown element separately, Of the whole
number of native white persons included as of native parentage, less than 3 per cent had both parents " unknown ",
as shown by the following statement :
PARENTAGE.
Number.
Per
cent.
Native white persons of native parentage
31,358.348
100.00
32,915,946 | 95.89
174,996 0.51
257,611 j 0.75
As compared with the whole population (62,622,250), the percentage is of no significance whatever, assuming
that among the colored of native parentage there were practically none of " unknown " parentage.
Among the foreign white there has been found a small percentage (1.16) of persons of either native or unknown
parentage, or 105,899 out of a total of 9,121,867 foreign white persons. Of this number, 67,869, or 64.09 per cent,
had both parents unknown, while the remaining 38,030, or 35.91 per cent, had either both parents native or one
parent native and one parent unknown. This last named element, constituting a little more than one-third of the
whole number of foreign white persons of native parentage, should be really considered as native born and should
have been returned as "American citizens born abroad". This was not done to any extent by the enumerators,
although they were specially instructed on this point, as only 8,547 persons were so returned and included
under the heading of " Native born". The number erroneously reported is comparatively small and has no particular
bearing on the question of foreign parentage.
The entire element of foreign parentage in 1890 was, therefore, 20,676,046, or 33.02 per cent of the total
population, made up of 20,519,643 white persons, or 37.32 per cent of all the white, and 156,403 colored persons,
or 2.05 per cent of all the colored. The white population of foreign parentage is further subdivided according to
native white and foreign white, there being 11,503,675 native white persons of foreign parentage and 9,015,968
foreign white persons of foreign parentage.
The population of the United States in 1890 subdivided as white and colored and distributed according to
native and foreign parentage, giving in each case the percentage of the total population, is summarized as follows :
PARENTAGE.
Number.
Per
cent.
100.00
Of native parentage
41,946,204
20,676,046
54,983,890
66.98
33.02
87.80
55.03
32.77
12.20
20,519,643
7,638,360
7,481,957
156,103
11.95
0.25
White persons of foreign parentage in 1890 constituted 32.77 per cent of the total population, while colored
persons of foreign parentage constituted but 0.25 per cent, the whole element of foreign parentage constituting,
as before stated, 33.02 per cent.
The table on the following page shows the number and percentage of persons of foreign parentage among the
white and colored population of each state and territory in 1890.
STATISTICS OF POPULATION.
NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF WHITE AND COLORED POPULATION OF FOREIGN PARENTAGE: 1890.
WHITE POPULATION. COLORED POPULATION, (a)
TERRITORIES.
The United States 54,983,
Maine 659,263
New Hampshire 375,840
Vermont 331,418
Massachusetts 2,215.373
Ehode Island 337,859
Connecticut 733,438
New York 5,923,952
New Jersey 1,396,581
Pennsylvania 5,148,257
uth Atlantic dr
5.592.149
Delaware
Maryland
District of Columbia..
West Virginii
North Carol i i
South Carolii
Georgia
Florida
140,066
826,493
154,695
1,020,122
730,077
1,055,382
462,008
978,357
224,949
North Central div
Ohio ?,!
Indiana i 2,
Illinois ' 3,'
Michigan | 2,'
Wisconsin 1,1
Minnesota ! 1,
Iowa 1,
Missouri ' 2,!
North Dakota..
South Dakota-
Nebraska
Kansas
South Central di
Kentucky 1,590,462
Tennessee 1,336,637
Alabama 833,718
Mississippi 544,851
Louisiana 558,395
Texas
Oklahoma;
Arkansas./.
Me
Persons of foreig
parentage.
North Atlantic division 17,121,981 8,196,677
Utah
Nevada
Idaho
Washingto
Oregon
California
150,713
121,101
101,337
1,253,926
199,969
374,714
3,390,550
696,746
1,901,621
521,650
Persons of foreign
parentage.
Number. Per cent
,360 156,403
32.22
31.48
56.60
59.19
51.09
57.23
49.89
37.00
23,570
7,617
12,820
73,901
48,352
109,757
30,606
219,470
46,433
43,053
59,571
10,805
16,694
31,320
9,609,841
1,245,942
446,893
1,875,327
1,142,753
1,242,399
981,130
832,927
668,226
114,115
198,953
449,485
381,691
21.85
30.18
30.02
4.22
8.16
1.02
3.61
3.20
14.98
34.76
20.82
49.76
55.13
73.93
75.70
43.81
26.43
79.13
60.79
42.94
7,416
1,436
3,080
32,717
562,565
689,141
858,996
166,473
450,352
1,364
6,912
.73
111.96
87,511
45,668
57,879
21,005
6,407
5,667
10,810
150,726
596
1,518
12,022
50,543
36,917
24,320
11.51
3.94
4.43
4.46
25.92
268,173
430,681
679,299
741,749
560,192
1,409
4,489
6.S5
24.41
27.83
13.94
22.04
6.32
6.04
10.01
2.97
2.81
0.36
0.34
0.42
0.66
0.08
0.24
O.OS
0.13
0.16
4.15
1.41
0.72
3.28
14.63
9.52
11.52
2.41
0.72
31.88
22.00
3.12
0.94
0.12
0.17
0.14
0.19
0.80
1,745,935
334,545
19.16
489,588
3,628
0.74
58,826
7,179
12.20
3,008
48
1.60
818,752
37,426
4.57
309,427
646
0.21
2,870,257
1,370,696
47.76
157,356
102,740
65.29
127,271
70,693
55.55
4,888
2,968
60.72
59,275
28,606
48.60
1,430
511
35.73
404,468
161,302
39.88
7,730
1,611
20. S4
112,719
23,232
16.28
10,874
488
4.49
55,580
31,344 I
56.39
4,010
1,477
36.56
205,899
136,811
66.45
2,006
9S7
49.20
39,084
21,126
61.73
6,677
2,835
43.21
82,018
36,452
44.4!
2,367
2,036
86.02
340,513
151,990
44.64
8,877
4,136
46.59
301,758
96,429 1
31.96
12,009
9,816
81.99
1,111,672
609,511
54.83
96,458
75,795
78.58
a Persons of negro descent, Chinese, Japanese, and civilized Indians.
FOREIGN PARENTAGE.
The percentages of persons of foreign parentage among the white population do not differ materially from those
already shown for the whole population irrespective of color, except for a few states only. This is particularly the
case in the North Atlantic, North Central, and Western divisions. In the South Atlantic and South Central
divisions, however, the proportions of white persons of foreign jmrentage are somewhat increased, especially in the
District of Columbia, Maryland, Florida, Delaware, Louisiana, Texas, and Mississippi.
Among the colored population, which includes persons of negro descent, Chinese, Japanese, and civilized
Indians, the percentage of persons of foreign parentage was quite large in certain states, although for the United
States as a whole they constituted only 2.05 per cent of the colored. This is especially true in the Western
division, with the exception of New Mexico, and in several of the states along the Canadian border. These large
percentages are principally clue in the Western division to the large number of Chinese, and in the border states to
the presence of civilized Indians and persons of negro descent who have come from Canada.
The element of foreign parentage among the white population has been distributed, as already stated, according
to the principal nationalities of the parents. This was not done for the colored, as colored persons of foreign
parentage constituted but 2.05 per cent of all the colored, and because, in conformity to the classification of countries
used for the white element of foreign parentage, the nationality of the parents for fully 95 per cent could not be
specifically stated, but would be included under the heading of ''Other countries". For these reasons no tabulation
regarding the colored population was considered necessary beyond a general statement of the number having either
native or foreign parentage, as already defined.
Considering the element of foreign parentage among the white population in greater detail, the followino-
table is obtained :
PARENTAGE.
WHITE PERSONS OP
FOREIGN PARENTAGE.
NATIVE WHITE
PERSONS OF FOREIGN
PARENTAGE.
FOREIGN WHITE
PERSONS OF FOREIGN
PARENTAGE.
Number.
Per cent.
Number.
Per cent.
Number.
Percent.
20,519,643
100.00
11,503,675
100.00
9,015,968
100.00
17,011,781
2, .124, 693
1,083,169
82.90
11.82
5.28
8,085,019
2,378,729
1,039,927
70.28
20.68
9.04
8,926,762
45,964 #
43,242'
99.01
0.51
0.48
Of the total white persons of foreign parentage, 17,011,781, or 82.90 per cent, had both parents foreign born,
leaving 3,507,862, or 17.10 per cent, with one parent foreign and one parent native. Among the native white those
having both parents foreign constituted 70.28 per cent, while among the foreign white all but 1 per cent had both
parents foreign. Of the total white persons with but one parent foreign, 2,424,693, or 11.82 per cent of all white
persons of foreign parentage, had a foreign father and a native mother, and 1,083,169, or 5.28 per cent of all white
persons of foreign parentage, had a foreign mother and a native father.
Of the whole number of white persons of foreign parentage in 1890 who had both parents foreign born, 16,089,513,
or 78.41 per cent of all the white persons of foreign parentage, had both parents born in the same country, leaving
only 922,268, or 4.49 per cent of the whole number of white persons of foreign parentage, who were of mixed
foreign parentage, that is, father born in Ireland and mother born in England, father born in England and mother
born in Ireland, father born in Germany and mother born in France, and so on. The figures in detail for the native
white and foreign white are as follows:
PARENTAGE.
WHITE PERSONS OF
FOREIGN PARENTAGE.
NATIVE WHITE
PERSONS OF FOREIGN
PARENTAGE.
FOREIGN WHITE
PERSONS OF FOREIGN
PARENTAGE.
Number.
Per cent.
Number.
Per cent.
Number.
Per cent.
20,519,643
100.00
11,503,675 '
100.00
64.07
6.21
29.72
9,015,968
100.00
16,089,513
922,268
3,507,862
78.41
4.49
17.10
7,370,749
714,270
3,418,656
8,718,764
207,998
89,206
96.70
2.31
0.99
One parent foreign, one parent native
As already stated, the whole number of white persons of foreign parentage in 1890 constituted 32.77 per
cent of the entire population of the United States. The table on the following page shows the number of native
and foreign white persons of foreign parentage in each state and territory in 1890, together with the percentage of
the total population in each case.
STATISTICS OF POPULATION.
NUMBER OF NATIVE AND FOREIGN WHITE PERSONS OF FOREIGN PARENTAGE AND PERCENTAGE
OF TOTAL POPULATION: 1890.
NATIVE "WHITE
PERSONS OF FOREIGN
PARENTAGE.
FOREIGN WHITE
PERSONS OF FOREIGN
PARENTAGE.
The United States.
North Atlantic di\
Maine
New Hampshire
Vermont
Massach usetts... .
Rhode Island
Connecticut
New York
New Jersey
South Atlantic div
Delaware
Maryland
District of Colun
Virginia
West Virginia.. .
North Carolina..
South Carolina..
Georgia
Florida
North Central divi
Illinois
Michigan
Wisconsin
Minnesota
Iowa
Missouri
North Dakota
South Dakota
Nebraska
Kansas
47.10
22.80
32.16
31.39
56.01
57.88
50.21
56.53
48.22
36.22
18.16
23.93
20.15
2.60
7.81
0.67
33.93
20.38
49.01
54.58
73.65
75.37
43.57
24.91
78.87
60.51
42.45
26.75
4.355,710
73,865
50,015
62,149
606,410
94,282
193,018
1,837,453
371,878
1,066,580
17,615
156,421
28,869
25,175
41,011
7,237
10,670
19,683
15,773
42.97 5,608,315
791,735
302,735
1,014,804
613,590
726,835
518,151
513,187
437,699
63,347
109,215
250,420
236,597
Per cent
of total
popu-
lation.
11.17
13.28
18.70
27.09
27.29
25.87
30.64
10.45
15.00
12.53
1.52
5.38
0.45
0.93
1.07
25.08
21.56
13.81
27.31
29.31
43.09
39.80
26.84
16.34
34.67
33.22
23.65
16.58
76,848
71,086
42,188
647,486
105,687
181,666
1 ,553,097
324,868
838,041
199,196
12,991
93,019
17,564
17,878
18,560
3,568
6,024
11,637
17,925
454,207
144,158
830,523
529,163
515,564
462,979
319,740
230,527
80,768
89,738
199,065
145,094
Per cent
of total
popu-
22.07
11.63
18.88
12.69
28.92
30.59
24.31
25.89
22.48
15.94
2.43
0.22
0.52
0.63
4.58
17.89
12.37
6.57
21.70
25.27
30.56
35.57
16.73
8.60
41.20
27.29
18.80
10.17
South Central di
Kentucky
Tennessee
Alabama
Mississippi
Louisiana
Texas
Oklahoma
Arkansas
12.94
14.96
11.61
507,319
124,304
33,257
22,693
16,773
96,465
185,586
4,563
23,708
7.38
2.10
313,430
58,741
19,364
14,224
7,547
48,261
148,959
2,616
13,718
3.16
1.10
0.94
0,59
Montana ...
Wyoming..
Colorado ...
New Mexic
Arizona
Utah
Nevada
Idaho
Washingto
Oregon
California..
45.27
53.49
47.45
39.13
15.13
52.57
65.80
52.72
43.20
43.50
30.73
50.45
709,847 I 23.44
30,959
14,520
79,814
12,539
14,027
85,314
12,406
21,154
68,757
49,967
320,390
23.43
23.92
19.36
8.17
23.53
41.03
27.11
25.07
19.68
15.92
26.52
660,849
39,734
14,286
81,488
10,693
17,317
51,497
11,720
15,298
83,233
46,462
289,121
30.06
23.53
19.77
6.96
29.01
24.77
25.61
18.13
23.82
14.81
23.93
FOREIGN PARENTAGE. 9
In the United States as a whole, the native white persons of foreign parentage in 1890 numbered 11,503,675
and constituted 18.37 per cent of the total population, while the foreign white persons of foreign parentage numbered
9,015,968 and constituted 14.40 per cent, the whole number of white persons of foreign parentage being, as before
stated, 20,519,643, or 32.77 per cent of the total population.
In the North Atlantic division the whole number of white persons of foreign parentage constituted 47.10 per
cent of the total population in 1890, the native white persons of foreign parentage constituting 25.03 per cent and
the foreign white persons of foreign parentage 22.07 per cent. In Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and
Rhode Island the foreign white persons of foreign parentage constituted a larger percentage of the total population
than the native white persons of foreign parentage, the largest difference being in New Hampshire, where the
percentage for the native white persons was 13.28, as against 18.88 for foreign white persons. This excess is caused
by the fact that, as compared with the other states in this division, these states have received a larger proportion of
the immigration which came to this country during the last years of the decade from 1880 to 1890, particularly
the French Canadian element. In all the other states of this division the native white element of foreign parentage
exceeded the foreign white population of foreign parentage, showing that the effect of the great influx of foreign
blood into this country iu recent years has not been so marked as in the more easterly states.
In the North Central division 25.08 per cent of the total population in 1890 consisted of native white persons
of foreign parentage as compared with 17.89 per cent of foreign white persons of foreign parentage, the entire
element, both native white and foreign white, of foreign parentage constituting 42.97 per cent of the total population.
In all the states of this division, with the single exception of North Dakota, the proportion of native white persons
of foreign parentage to the total population in 1890 was larger than the proportion of foreign white persons of
foreign parentage. In North Dakota, however, the native white element of foreign extraction constituted 34.67
per cent of the total population, while the foreign white element of foreign parentage constituted 44.20 per cent.
In the Western division the white persons of foreign parentage constituted 45.27 per cent of the total population,
the native white element of foreign parentage constituting 23.44 per cent and the foreign white element of foreign
parentage 21. S3 per cent. In Montana, Arizona, and Washington the proportions of foreign white persons of foreign
parentage were considerably more than those of native white persons of foreign parentage, while in Wyoming,
Colorado, and Oregon the proportions were relatively the same. In the remaining states and territories the reverse
was true, especially in Utah and Idaho.
In the states comprising the South Atlantic and South Central divisions, with the single exception of Florida,
there was an excess in the proportion of native white persons of foreign parentage as compared with foreign
white persons of foreign parentage. In the South Atlantic division the native white persons of foreign parentage
in 1S90 constituted 3.64 per cent of the total population and the foreign white persons of foreign parentage 2.25 per
cent. In the South Central division 4.62 per cent of the total population were native white persons of foreign
parentage and 2.86 per cent foreign white persons of foreign parentage.
The presence of native and foreign white persons of foreign extraction in the 124 principal cities of the United
States, in proportion to the total population, is shown in the table on the following page.
10
STATISTICS OF POPULATION.
NUMBER OF TOTAL, WHITE, NATIVE WHITE, AND FOREIGN WHITE PERSONS OF FOREIGN PARENTAGE, AND
PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL POPULATION, FOR CITIES HAVING 25,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE : 1890.
Total
population.
TOTAL PERSONS OF
FOREIGN PARENTAGE.
■WHITE PERSONS OF
FOREIGN PARENTAGE. j'
NATIVE WHITE
PERSONS OF FOREIGN
PARENTAGE.
FOREIGN WHITE
PERSONS OF FOREIGN
PARENTAGE.
CITIES.
Number.
;
Percent
of total
popula-
tion.
Number.
Per cent
of total
popula-
tion.
Number.
Per cent
of total
popula-
tion .
Number.
Per cent
of total
popula-
tion.
1,515,301
1,099,850
1,016,964
806.313
451,770
448,477
434,439
298.997
296,908
261,353
255.664
242,039
238,617
230.392
205,876
204,468
181,830
164,738 ;
163,003
161,129
140,452
133, S96
133,156
132,716
132,146
106,713
105,436
105,287
91,923
88,150
88,143
81.655
81,434
81,388
81,298
78,347
77,696
76,168
75,215
74,398
70,028
65.533
64,495
61,431
61,220
60.956
60,278
58,661
58,313
57,458
55.727
55,154
51,955
53.230
52,324
50.756
50.395
50.093
48,866
48,682
46,385
46.322
41,8)3
41,651
44.179
44.126
44,007
43.648
43.189
42,837
41.024
40,733
40.634
40,152
39,385
38,316
38,067
37.806
37.764
37,718
1,219,218
856,754
592,342
572,827
304,773
304,769
181,010
233.667
204,776
195,957
197,152
108, S53
161,319
46,930
158,881
176,583
121,800
108,926
119,297
69 , ISO
65,754
93,128
100,048
45,793
79,821
48.904
39,236
65,239
59,935
35,462
53.195
52,721
52,513
9,337
47,938
57,778
56,330
9,991
56.584
61,537
46,133
4,748
13.137
21,111
26,811
41,658
38.163
11,270
18,591
29,001
26,162
13.862
7.879
30,992
18,309
24.092
24,225
38.015
29.357
29,635
26,992
31,815
29,683
35,670
22,729
30.466
29,452
35.555
8,662
22,579
21,364
23.637
26,141
21,187
6,330
13.432
8.042
18.391
25.417
23,152
80.46
77.90
56.58
71.04
67.46
67.96
41.67
78.15
68.97 i
74.98
77.11
44.97
67.61
20.37
77.17
86.36 |
66.99
66.12 !
73.19 |
43.12
46.82
69.55
75.14
34.50 '
60.40
45.83
37.21
61.96 1
63.14
40.23
60.35
62.28
64.49
11.47
58.97
73.75
72.50
13.12
75.23
82.71
65.88
7.25
20.37
31.37
43.79
68.34
63.31
19.21
31.88
50.47
46.95
25.13
11.34
58.22
34.99
47.47
48.07
36.02
60.08
60.87
58.19
68.68
66.19
79.88
51.45
69.04
66.93
81.46
20.06
52.71
52. OH
58.03
61.34
52.77
16.07
35.06
21.13
48.65
67.30
61.38
1,215,463
855,523
590, 5P3
571,462
304,312
302,839
180,319
207,477
204.610
195,736
196,785
106,664
161,120
46,433
158,157
176,519
121,621
108,844
119,067
69,384
65,628
93,057
99,925
45,533
79,558
47,821
39.181
65,174
59,819
35,398
53,079
52,635
52.388
9,280
47,787
57,690
56,108
9,924
56,557
61.500
45,659
4.708
13.028
21.010
26,792
41,640
38,019
11,248
18,439
28,927
25.760
13,807
7,725
30,895
18,262
24.054
22,233
18,025
29,311
28,312
22.388
31,766
29.399
35,636
22,673
30,449
29,410
35.530
8,426
22,064
21,321
23,078
26,113
21.169
6,299
13,384
7.913
18,369
25,35?
••:•:, 136
80.21
77.79 1
56.41
70.87
67.36
67.53
41.51
69.39 1
68.92
74.89
76.97
44.07
67.52
20.15
76.82
86.33
66.89
66.07
73.05
43.06
46.73
69.50
75.04
34.31
60.20
44.81
37.16
61.90
63.05
40.16
60.22
62.18
64.33
11.40
58.78
73.63
72.21
13.03
75.19
82.66
65.20
7.18
20.20
31.25
43.76
68.31
63.07
19.17
31.62
50.34
46.23
25.03
14.06
58.04
34.90
47.39
44.12
35.98
59.98
58.22
48.27
68.58
65.56
79.80
51.32
69.00
66.90
81.40
19.51
51.51
51.97
56.66
64.26
52.72
15.99
34.93
20. S7
''.59
67.23
61.31
582.154
412,164
324,006
312,099
191,354
147,469
111,942
107,102
133,573
99,723
108,551
73,075
88,266
28,869
78,551
97,224
66,383
48,940
66,027
46,053
32,183
53,655
47,541
25,244
39,517
23,694
24.834
39,227
37,703
23,032
30,970
26.422
30,62S
5,886
25,013
26,824
21,892
6,205
31,091
24,186
22,309
2,900
7.823
12,046
17,274
24,484
19.010
6,536
10,837
15.073
12.296
7,512
4.658
16,574
11,264
16.955
11,573
10,247
15,207
15,263
9,850
16.862
16.485
15,204
11,880
10,422
17,711
18,823
5,113
9,338
13,163
9.039
15,848
10,477
3,959
7,771
4.133
9,370
14,308
13,032
38.42
37.48 i
30.95
38.71
42,36
32.88
25.77
35.82
44.99
38.15
42.46
30.19
36.99
12.53
38.15
47.55
36.51
29.71
40.51
28.58
22.92
40.07
35.70
19.02
29.90
22.20
23.55
37.26
39.72
26.13
35.14
31.21
37.61
7.23
.30.77
34.24
28.17
8.15
41 .33
32.51
31.86
4.42
12.13
19.61
28.21
40.17
31.54
11.14
18.58
26.23
22.07
13.62
8. 4.8
31.14
21.53
33.40
22.97
20.45
31.12
31.35
21.24
36.40
36.76
34.05
26.89
23.62
40.25
43.12
11.84
21.80
32.09
22.19
39.00
26.0*3
10^05
20.28
10.86
24.79
37.89
34.55
633,309
443,359
266,577
259,363
112,958
155,370
68,377
100,375
71,067
96,013
88,234
33,589
72,854
17,564 i
79,606
79,295
55,238
59,904
53,040
23,331
33,445
39,402
52,384
20,289
40,011
24,127
14,347
25,947
22,146
12,366
22,109
26,213
21,760
3,394
22,774
30,866
31,216
3.719
25,466
37,314
23,350
1,808
5,205
8.994
9,518
17,156
19.009
4,712
7,602
13,854
13.464
6.295
3.067
14,321
6,998
7.099
10,6f0
7,778
14.104
13,079
12,538
14,904
12,914
20.432
10,793
20,027
11,729
16,707
3,313
12,726
8,158
14.039
10,265
10,692
2,340
\
5,613
3,810
8.999
11,081
10.104
41.79
40.31
25.46
25.00
31.65
t'°Ii " Ml
15.74
San Francisco, Cal
Cincinnati, Ohio
33.57
23.93
36.74
31.51
Washington, D. C
13.88
30.53
7.62
38.67
38. 78
30.38
36.36
Jersey city, N. -T
32.54
14.48
23.81
29.43
39.34
Kansas city, Mo
15.29
30.30
Colo
22.01
13.61
All ' h nv Pa
24.64
23.33
14.03
25.08
30.97
26.72
4.17
28.01
39.39
44.04
4.88
33.86
50.15
33.34
2.76
8.07
14.64
15.55
28.14
Reading. Pa
Camden, N. J...
31.53
8.03
13.04
24.11
24.16
11.41
5.58
26.90
13.37
13.99
Los Angeles, (~-:il
21.15
15.53
28.86
26.87
27.03
32.18
28.80
45.75
Utica, N. Y
Savannah, Ca
24.43
45.38
26.65
38.28
7.67
29.71
19,88
34.47
25.26
26.63
5.94
14.65
10.01
23.80
29.34
26.79
FOREIGN PARENTAGES
11
NUMBER OF TOTAL, WHITE, NATIVE WHITE, AND FOREIGN WHITE PERSONS OF FOREIGN PARENTAGE, AND
PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL POPULATION, FOR CITIES HAVING 25,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE : 1890— Continued.
San Antonio, Tex.
Covington, Ky
Portland, Me
Taconia, Wash
Holyoke, Mass
Fort Wayne, Ind...
Binghamton, N. Y
Norfoik, Va
Wheeling, W. Va..
Augusta, Ga
Youngstown, Ohio..
Duluth, Minn
Yonkers, N. Y
Lancaster, Pa
Springfield, Ohio
Quiney, III
Mobile, Ala....
Topeka, Kan..
Elmira, N. Y.
Salem, Mass
Long; Island city, N. Y..
Altoona, Pa
Dubuque, Iowa
Terre Haute. Ind .
Chattanooga, Tenn
Galveston, Tex
Waterbury, Conn-
Chelsea, Mass
Bay city, Mich
Pawttuket, R. I
Akron, Ohl
Haverhill, Mass. .
Brockton, Mass....
Williamsport, Pa..
Davenport, Iowa..
Sacramento, Oal...
Canton, Ohio
Birmingham, Ala.
Little Rock, Ark..
Total
populatio
Auburn, N. Y....
Taunton, Mass .
Allenlown, Pa.
, Wis..
37,673
37,371
36,425
36.U06
35,637
35,393
35,01)5
34,871
31,522
33,300
31,494
31.076
31 ,007
30,893
30,801
30,506
30,337
30,311
30,217
29,100
29,084
28.646
27,909
27,839
27,633.
27,601
27,557
27,412
27 294
27,132
26,189
26,178
25,874
25,858
25,418
25,228
25,090
18,853
21,062
16,472
19.734
29,573
19,581
IS, 738
7,213
8,013
13,131
17,564
24,593
8,012
21,340
10,145
3,212
13,967
20,424
15,308
21,212
18,853
13,946
6,903
11,477
12,266
7,732
19,409
16,131
11,318
3,542
4,775
14,284
14,376
4,928
18,477
Per cent
of total
popula-
tion.
50.04
56.36
45.22
51.80
8.24
54.64
9.59
70.47
75.21
69.74
31.15
34.12
80.62
26.51
70.40
71.30
54.85
76.20
68.23
50.53
25.05
41.87
44.94
28.50
72.23
61.13
43.22
13.53
18.45
55.24
56.49
19.53
18,688
21,053
16,366
19,615
29,549
19.562
12,136
2,835
18,851
18,723
7,111
7,970
13,418
17,510
24,575
8,035
21,330
10,137
3,176
13,811
20,397
.15,118
21,162
18,835
13,930
6,848
11,442
12,245
7,726
19,401
14,252
11,312
3,505
4,730
14,231
14,317
4,927
18,473
Per cent
of total
popula-
49.61
56.34
44.93
54.48
70.43
75.03
69.60
31.08
34.04
59.45
22.88
25.70
43.43
56.85
80.56
26.49
70.37
33,55
10.91
47.49
71.20
54,17
76.02
68.16
50.47
24.85
41.74
44.86
28.48
72.20
54.01
43.19
13.39
18.28
55.04
56.26
19.53
73.63
NATIVE WHITE
PERSONS OF FOREIGN
PARENTAGE.
Per cent
of total
popula-
tion.
FOREIGN
PERSONS OF FOREIGN
PARENTAGE.
10,018
14,433
8,730
7,625
12,561
12,799
7,468
1,735
7,159
12,648
5,027
4,604
8,175
8,465
13,427
4,933
13,677
6,666
1,913
8,126
10,862
7,380
10,564
9,505
8,095
3,881
5,624
6,030
4,896
11,070
8,463
7,112
1,935
2,681
8,646
7,066
2,891
10,198
26.59
38.62
23.97
21.18
35.25
14.85
26.46
27.48
6.57
27.94
37.92
26.44
37.95
34.40
14.08
20.52
22.08
18.05
33.44
27.77
11.46
40.65
8,670
6,620
7,036
11,990
16,988
6,763
4,668
1,100
6,276
1,169
10,515
15,952
10,809
3,670
3,697
6,075
2,084
3,366
5,243
9,015
11,148
3,102
7,653
3,471
1,263
5,685
9,535
7,738
10,598
9,330
5,835
2,967
5,818
6,215
2,830
8,331
5,789
4,200
1,570
2,049
5,585
7,251
2,036
8,275
Per cent
of total
popula-
47.67
19.11
13.34
3.15
18.18
3.51
31.65
48.17
33.74
11.46
11.59
19.29
6.70
10.65
16.97
29.37
36.54
10.23
25.25
11.49
4.34
31.00
21.94
16.04
6.00
21.00
28.49
8.07
32.98
In New York city and in Chicago practically four-fifths of the total population in 1890 were of foreign parentage,
the exact percentages being 80.46 for New York and 77.90 for Chicago. Of the other cities having a population of
400,000 or more, the percentages were 56.58 for Philadelphia, 71.04 for Brooklyn, 67.46 for St. Louis, 67.96 for
Boston, and 41.67 for Baltimore. Of all the cities considered, the largest percentage was found in Milwaukee, Wis.,
where 86.36 per cent of its population in 1890 was of foreign parentage. The next largest percentages were found
in Holyoke and Fall River, in Massachusetts, where 82.98 per cent and 82.71 per cent, respectively, were of foreign
parentage. Lawrence, in the same state, had also 79.88 per cent of foreign parentage. Hoboken, in New Jersey,
had 81.46 per cent of its population of foreign parentage, and Long Island city, in New York, 80.62 per cent, or
practically the same as for New York city. Other cities which had at least 75 per cent of their population of
foreign parentage in 1890 were San Francisco, in California, with 78.15 per cent; Detroit and Bay city, in Michigan,
with 77.17 per cent and 76.20 per cent, respectively; Buffalo, in New York, with 77.11 per cent; Scranton, in
Pennsylvania, with 75.23 per cent; Duluth and St. Paul, in Minnesota, with 75.21 per cent and 75.14 per cent
respectively, and Cleveland, in Ohio, with 74.98 per cent.
Classifying native and foreign white persons of foreign parentage according to the number either having both
parents born as specified, having one parent so born and one parent native, or who were of mixed foreign parentage,
the table on the following page is obtained.
1'2
STATISTICS OF POPULATION.
WHITE PERSONS OF FOREIGN PARENT
SCEI'lI'IEl) . IH NTKiKS.
All classes..
Ireland
Germany
England
Scotland
Wales
Canada (English)..
Canada (French)...
Sweden
Total.
6,851,;
1,922,1
specified.
Having one
r both parent born a
' — ecified and
ne parent
native.
17,011,781
way.
Denmark
Bohemia
France
Hungary
Italy
Russia
Other countri
Of mixed for.
4,142,199
5,776,186
1,330,123
393,158
169,832
503,266
442,041
690,401
550,227
194,449
205,365
177,007
69,761
236,008
248,165
961,325
922,268
| Having one
Having both: parent born
'parents born! as specified
tied, and one par
mt native.
8,085,019
2,924,
4,072,,
l,068,i
2,164,397
3,006,342
488,661
134,243
75,375
183,602
157,104
217,217
238,679
66,196
90,195
Having both
parents bom
as specified.
9,015,968
1,989,066
2,779,229
854,135
263,758
95,037
357,117
288,990
473,902
312,480
128,584
115,342
109,743
56,833
181,637
178,696
623,421
207,998
8,926,762
1,977,802
2,769,844
841,462
258,915
94,457
319,664
284,937
473,184
311,548
128,253
115,170
108,435
56,713
181,266
178,363
618,751
207,998
Having one
parent born
as specified
md one par-
ent native.
89,206
11,264
9,385
12,673
4,843
5^0
37,453
4,053
718
932
Taking the whole number of white persons of foreign parentage and classifying them according to the
nationality of the parents, the following table of percentages is obtained, showing the percentage of the whole
number of white persons having one or both parents born as specified, and, in addition, the percentage of the whole
number represented by those having both parents' so born and those having one parent so born and one parent native :
WHITE PERSONS OF FOREIGN
PARENTAGE
Having
SPECIFIED COUNTRIES.
Having
both
one par-
ent born
Total.
parents
born
as speci-
fied and
as speci-
fied.
one par-
ent na-
tive.
Per cent.
Per cent.
Per cent.
100.00
82.90
17.10
Ireland
23.94
33.39
20.18
28.15
3.76
5.24
England
9.37
6.48
2.S9
2.64
1.07
1.92
0.83
0.72
0.24
2.50
,15
0.35
3.54
2.91
1.04
3.36
2.6S
0.95
0.18
0.23
0.09
Denmark
1.05
1.25
0.87
0.38
1.21
5.43
4.69
0.74
4.49
4.49
From these two tables it is seen that the white persons in 1890 who had both parents born in Germany
numbered 5,776,186, or 28.15 per cent of the whole number of white persons of foreign parentage, and those who
had one parent born in Germany and one parent native 1,075,378, or 5.24 per cent, these two classes
combined numbering 6,851.564 and constituting 33.39 per cent. The whole number of white persons who had both
FOREIGN PARENTAGE.
13
parents born in Ireland was 4,142,199, or 20.18 per cent, and those who had one parent so born and one parent
native 771,039. or 3.76 per cent, making a combined total of 4,913,238, or 23.94 per cent. Taken together,
white persons of German and Irish parentage, as just defined, constituted in 1890 considerably more than one-half
of all white persons of foreign parentage. White persons of English parentage numbered 1,922.638, or 9.37 per
cent of all white persons of foreign parentage, those having both parents born in England numbering 1,330,123 and
constituting 6.48 per cent, and those having one parent born in England and one parent native, 592 515, or 2.89
per cent; including those of Scotch and Welsh extraction, the entire element of British parentage constituted
13.08 per cent. Of the remaining nationalities, white persons of British American parentage, combining those of
English Canadian and French Canadian extraction, constituted 7.08 per cent, and those of Scandinavian parentage,
including Denmark, 7.49 per cent. White persons of Bohemian, French, Italian, and Russian parentage
constituted, in each case, a little more than 1 per cent, while those of Hungarian parentage constituted a little
more than one-third of 1 per cent. Those having one or both parents born in other countries not specified
constituted 5.43 per cent, and, as previously stated, those of mixed foreign parentage 4.49 per cent.
The following table shows the percentages of white persons having both parents born as specified or having one
parent born as specified and one parent native :
-spmifif;. ■ <il'STE:ii>
Having
both par-
ents born
as speci-
fied.
Having one
parent
born as
specified
and one
parent na-
tive.
Ireland
Germany
England
Scotland
Wales
Canada (English)
Canada (French).
Sweden
Per cent.
84.31
84.30
69.18
72.70
77.01
53.55
86.10
95.04
Per cent
15.69
22.99
46.45
13.90
M'K'IFII- II < .irvTIIII-.
Having or
Having
parent
both par-
burn as
ents bora
, specific*
as speci-
1 and one
fied.
1 parent na
tive.
Per cent.
Per cent
Norway : 92.30
Denmark 91.28
Bohemia , 95.29
France : 69.28
Hungary 97.51
Italy 91.93
Russia... 97.46
Other countries 86.29
4.71
30.72
2.46
5.07
2,51
13.71
White persons of English Canadian parentage had in 1890 the smallest percentage of both parents born as
specified, or a little more than one-half, and were followed by those of English and of French parentage, or a little
more than two-thirds in each case.
The whole number of white persons of foreign parentage in 1890 constituted, as has been previously stated,
32.77 per cent of the total population. The following table shows the proportion of the total population represented
by each class of persons of foreign extraction, when considered according to the nationality of their parents :
SPECIFIED COUNTRIES.
Per cent
of total
popula-
tion.
! Per cent
of total
SPECIFIED COUNTRIES. ,
tion.
32.77
7.85
10. 94
3.07
0.86
0.35
1.50
0.82
1.16
Denmark 0.34
France 0,11
Italy 0.40
Of mixed foreign parentage... 1.47
From, this table it is seen that the white persons of German parentage constituted 10.94 per cent of the total
population in 1890 and those of Irish parentage 7.85 per cent. White persons of English parentage constituted
3.07 per cent of the entire population, while, if those of Scotch and Welsh parentage are included, those of British
parentage constituted 4.28 per cent. White persons of British American parentage constituted 2.32 per cent of
the total population and those of Scandinavian parentage 2.45 per cent.
The table on the following page shows for each state and territory the number of white persons in 1890 who
had either both parents born as specified or one parent so born and one parent native, or who were of mixed foreign
parentage, together with the percentage in each case of all white persons of foreign parentage.
14
STATISTICS OF POPULATION.
NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF WHITE PERSONS OF FOREIGN PARENTAGE
The United States
North Atlantic divi-
Total
white
persons
of foreign
parent-
age.
Num-
ber.
England. ' Scotland.
Num-
ber.
20, 519,643 1,913,238 23.91 6,851,564
8,196,677 3,040,275 1 37.09 |2, 036, 161 I 24.84
Maine 150,713
New Hampshire 121,101
Vermont 104,337
Massachusetts | 1,253,926
Rhode Island..
Connecticut....
New York
New Jersey.. ..
199,969
374,714
3,390,550
696,746
11 ! Pennsylvania ; 1,904,621
12 i South Atlantic divi-
sion.
13 Delaware
14 Maryland
15 District of Columbia
16 Virginia
17 West Virginia
18 North Carolina
19 South Carolina '
20 I Georgia
31,310
33,232
29,271
599,323
89,744
186,812
1,178,364
242,148
650,071
139,469
20.77
27.44
28.05 !
47.79
44.88
49.85 !
Florida.
30,606
249,470
46,433 ;
43,053
59,571
10,805
16,694
31,320
33,698
54,186
18,326
12,557
17,991
2,020
5,169
10,304
2,206
2,800
1,658
56,126
6,403
54,329
34.75 1,102,266
34.75 ! 229,307
34.13 ' 581,066
52.11
21.72
39.47 |
29.17
30.20
18.70
30.96
32.90
5,591
143,914
14,881
11,928
24,477
3,139
6.3S0
9,134
4,479
North Central di
8,609,841 1,339,190
Ohio 1,215,942
Indiana 446,893
Illinois j 1,875,327 j
Michigan .7 1,142,753 \
Wisconsin : 1,242,399
13.94 4,011,217
Minnesota
Iowa
Missouri
North Dakota..
South Dakota..
Nebraska
Kansas
981,180
17.30
14.95
18.12
10.98
9.12
9.33
832,927 130,838 j 15.71
668,226
114,115
198,953
449,485
381,691
121,459 18.18
11.57
14.23
35 South Central divi- 820,779 134,872
Kentucky...
Tennessee ..
Alabama
Mississippi .
Louisiana....
Oklahoma..
Arkansas....
183,045
52,621
36,917
24,320
144,726
334,545
7,179
37,426
44,537
15,674
8,590
6,695 |
28,254
23,338
1,159
6,625
21.33
29.79
27.53
19.52
16.14
17.70
672,444
268,185
801,574
316,757
626,030
278,063
320,963
373,866
19,829
45,173
163,675
124,658
325,162
103,222
14,677
10,416
6,822
48,247
124,375
2,004
15,399
44 ! Western div
45 j Montana...
46 Wyoming
47 ! Colorado..
rco..
New Me
Arizona
Utah
Nevada
Idaho
Washington..
Oregon
California ....
28,806
161,302 j
23,232
31,344
136,811
24,126
36,452
151,990
96,429
609,511
15,874
5,173
31,592
2,613
2,658
5,122
6,465
4,703
20,043
12,143
22.45
17.96
19.59
3.74
26.80
12.90 j
13.19 I
12.59
11,391
4,311
33,711
1.46
2.31
1.59
4.48
3.20
14.50
32.51
32.91
30.51
26,74 || 223,926 i 42.'
817, 5s:i
53.97
60.01
42.71
27.72
50.39
28.34
38.53
55.95
13.76
22.70
36.42
39.62
56.39
27.89
28.21
28.05
33.34
37.18
27.92
41.14
1,370,696 ; 259,432 18.93 , 255,098 18.61
16.11
14.97
20.90
153,(116 25.11
3,195
13.75
2,209
7.05
4,215
3.08
3,344
13.86
4,368
11.98
31,110
20.47
27,266
28.28
129,978
21.32
14,485
8,813
7,630
120,028
31 ,979
38,227
286,569
82,254
227,598
Num- Per
ber. cent.
9.37 540,779 2.61
9.98 228,047 2.78
9.61
7.28
7.31
9.57
15.99
10.20
8.45
11.81
11.95
9.58
18.27
57.69
32.05
27.71
41.09
29.05
38.22
29.16
13.29
41.74 771,119
4.097
14,592
4,870
6,969
7,004
2,214
13.39
5.85
10.49
16.19
11.76
20.49
8.79
12.42
14.48
4,589
3,384
4,113
39,038
8,011
11,016
76,536
22,741
58,589
1,513
2,380
18,511
2,079
77,190
1.26
Canada
(English).
Num-
ber.
358,271
0.31 45,078
0.07 , 17,213
1.48 21,171
0.19 1138,579"
Canada
(French).
726,430 3.54
4.37 376,526 , 4.59
29.91
14.21
20.29
11.05
3.54
0.12 7,073
0,25 8,554 \ 2.28
0.55 I 99,387 ! 2.93
0.30 5,422 0.78
15,794 0.83
19,138 | 3.67 4,115
821 | 2.68
6,378 2.56
1,491 | 3.22
2,513 5.84
2,427 4.07
1,512 13.99
1,67
1,34
5.83
5.31
4.00
8.03 213,022 2.22
116,814
32,910
156,680
133,667
64,716
33,779
74,014
49,411
6,701
13,361
39,644
49,722
59,365
11,553
6,696
5,874
2,800
7,276
19,506
966
4,694
11.70
5.21 '
3.44 j
8.89
7.40
4.65
6.72
8.82
13.03
24,872 | 2.00
8,968 I 2.01
45,015 2.40
34,688 I 3.03
16,361 1.32
13,732
22,198
12,533
10,617
14,721
6.31
3,137
12.73
2.00S
15.91
2,878
11.51
942
5.03
1,621
5.83
5,635
13.46
375
12.54
1,368
2,153
8,787
1,894
11,798
3,915
9,098
4,480
1,909
3,561
5,866
3.87 |
1.12 !
37,776 25.06
47,719 39.40
31,343 B0. 04
149,046 11.89
34,225 17.12
120,527 1.47
2,546
1,418
24,337
50,128
433 0
1,01
0.52
1.60
2.08
0.99
3.91 jj
1.04
2.52 ij
3.88
108
0.01
0.04
0.17
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.16
61 0.19
50 ' 0.15
24,664 ]
4,227 2.11
13,378 3.57
39,768 1.17
5,739 I 0.82
27,840 | 1.46
2,936 0.56
58 0.81
344 : 0.92
1.70
2.02
2.50
17.07
3.50
4.73
4.16
16,943 11.76 4,826
6.63
4.34
5.24
388 1.27
496 0.20 j
215 ! 0.46 j
299 0.69
137 j 0.23
88 | 0.81 j
143 0.86
337 1.07
833 I 2.47
1.661 ; 0.91
1,470 2.79
705 1.91
544 2.24
1,254 i 0.87
4,133 ' 1.24
678 9.44
0.20
4,875
0.39
0.22
7,910
1.77
0.68
131,966
7.04
4.73
37,941
3.32
1.41
29,993
2.41
2.23
155.089
15.81
0.26
52,171
6.26
0.18
9,537
1.43
3.35
7,974
5.53
1.14
12,233
6.15
0.35
1 47,318
10.53
1.19
31,492
8.25
0.09 | 8,175 1.00
103 0.06
0.07
0.12
0.06
0.18
0.07
0.18
0.14
0.26 i
1.12
10,818
6,189
27,369
2,298
2,690
58,510
4,235
9,022
19,071
12,967
71,060
16.36 62,608 4.57 22
15.35
21.48
16.97
9.89
8.58
42.77
17.55
24.75
12.55 j
13.45
11.66
2,635
8,614
728
9,127
1,019
1,871
7,995
5,203
20,981
2,806
1.66
1,335
1.89
981
3.41
3,857
2.39
200
0.86
178
0.57
5,612
4.12
452
1.87
2,263
6.21
2,995
1.97
843
0.87
4,060
0.67
6,875 9.73 2,827
1,711
10,598
2,413
1,881
5.94
6.57
2.49
1.76 I
4.00
16,474 10.84
7,675 I 7.96
31,527 5.17
0.47
0.53
0.21
0.13
97 \ 0.07
311 1.29
171 0.47
2,359 1.55
655 0.68
2,011 0.33
526
.16
698 ' 0.48
4,655 j 1.39
219 | 3.05
586 1.57
66,293 ' 4.84
8.01
0.92
0.87
7.55
1.75
6.40
8.47
FOREIGN PARENTAGE.
HAVING EITHER ONE OR BOTH PARENTS BORN IN SPECIFIED COUNTRIES: 1890.
15
"WHITE PERSONS HAVING EITHER BOTH
PARENTS BORN AS SPECIFIED OR ONE PARENT EORN
PARENT NATIVE — continued.
AS SPECIFIED AND
ONE
White persons
of mixed
Norway.
Denmark.
Bohemia.
France.
Hungary.
Italy.
Russia.
Other countries.
foreign
parentage.
Number.
Per
cent.
Number.
Per
cent.
Number.
Per
cent.
Number.
Per
cfiil.
Number.
Per
cent.
Number.
Per
cent.
Number.
Per
cent.
Number.
Per
cent.
Number.
Per
cent.
596,131
2.91
213,036
1.04
215,514
1.05
255,488
1 .25
71,519
0.35
248,601
1.21
254,635
1.24
1,114,088
5.43
3.61
922,268
4.49
1
17,193
0.21
20,675
0,25
18,159
0.22
78,451
0.96
51,948
0.63 J
154,701
1.89
128,354
1.57
295,443
350,937
4.28
2
433
0.29
1,099
0.73
9
0.01
916
0.61
16
0.01
373
0.25
564
0.37
1,008
0.67
7.841
5.20
3
355
0.29
82
0.07
9
0.01
436
0.36
25 0.02
387
0.32
232
0.19
611
0.51
4,295
3.55
4
38
0.04
79
0.08
23
0.02
553
0.53
33 0.03
484
0.46
211
0.20
798 0.77
4,442
4.26
5
3,082
0.24
2,057
0.16
964
0.08
5,993
0.48
352 1 0.03
11,123 1 0.89
9,986
O.SO
26,715 2.13
64,470
5.14
6
310
0.16
142 ' 0.07
20
0.01
726 0.36
18 ! 0.01
3,062 j 1.53
883
0.44
3,638 1.82
9,235 4.62
7
513
0.15
2,018 j 0.54
205
0.05
3,496 0.93
1,202 0.32
6,503 1.71
3,831
1.02
7,049 1.P8
12,288 ' 3.28
8
9,144
0.28
8,182 ! 0.24
13,615 0.40
38,922 1.15
19,108 , 0.56
85,028 2.51
83,304
2.46
137,834 4.07
143,554 4.23
9
1,530
0,22
4,339 0.62
451
0.07
8,266 1.19
3,948 | 0.57
16,607 2.38
6,928
0.99
34,591 4.96
29,662 4.26
10
1,458
0.08
2,677 0.14
2,833
0.15
19,143 1.00
27,246 ; 1.43
31,131
1.63
22,415
1.18
83,199 4.37
75,150 3.95
11
930
0.18
1,010 0.19
2,748
0.53
5,862
1.12
1,268
0.24
7,025
1.35
8,110
1.56
29,385
5.63
18,801 3. CO
12
16
0.05
58 0.19
4
0.01
372
1.22
139
0.45
580
1.89
239
0.78
740
2.42
1,159 3.79
13
253
0.10
230 0.09
2,441
0.98
1,646
0.66
199
0.08
2,012
0.81
5,808
2.33
7,015
2.81
6,920 2.77
14
82
0.18
137 0.29
9
0.02
630
1.36
54
0.12
792
1.70
337
0.72
1,242
2.67
2,372
5.11
15
139
0.32
129
0.30
135 j 0.31
789
1.83
488
1.13
1,687
3.92
596
1.38
1,503
3.49
1,871
4.35
16
9
0.02
50
0.08
55 l 0.09
633
1.06
259
0.44
688 1.16
167
0.28
1,976
3.32
2,079 3.49
17
15
0.14
45 0.42
11 I 0.10
160
1.48
3
0.03
81 1 0,78
129
1.19
450
4.16
472 ] 4.37
18
29
0,17
71 0.43
31 1 0.19
299
1.79
19
0.11
211
1.26
301
1.80
747
4.47
631
3.78
19
115
0.37
111 j 0.35
52
0.17
779
2.49
75 j 0.24
322
1.03
369
1.18
1,552
4.95
1,565
5.00
20
272
0.81
179
0.53
7
0.02
554
1.64
32
0.10
649
1.93
164
0.49
14,160
42.02
1,732
5.14
21
545,165
5.67
112,810
1.49
186,972
1.95
103,256
1.07
10,019
0.17
30,997
0.32
99,613
1.04
510,709
5.31
418,686
4.36
22
659
0.05
1,487
0.12
19,013
1.53
21,125
1.70
6.319 0.51
5,454
0.44
6,658
0.53
50,874 4. OS
43,605
3.52
23
478 0,11
1,200
0.27
586
0.13
10,379
2.32
506 : 0.11
702
0.16
950 0.21
21,083 4.72
14,083 3.15
24
48,091 2.56
17,090
0.91
44,985
2.40
20,646
1.10
3,401 0.18
11,142
0.61
12,430 0.66
101,751 5.43
71,947 3.84
25
11,451 1.00
10,18.0
0.89
4,004 j 0.35
12,058 1.05
544 0.05
4,052 0.35
14,383 1.26
101,442 8.88
85,147 7.45
26
130,737 '10.52
23,882
1.92
25,727 1 2.07
5,272 0.42
494 0.04
1,421 0.12
2,771 0.22
85,683 6.90
43,233 3.48
27
195,764 19.95
22,182
2.26
19,334 1.97
4,606 0.47
1,472 0.15
1,096 0.11
9,933 1.01
39,876 4.07
42,453 4.33
28
59,822 7.18
2.3,240
3.03
23,421 ! 2.81
6,933
0.83
310
0.04
696 0.08
1,177 0.14
36,033 4.33
33,216 3.99
29
948 0.14
2,470
0.37
6,654 0.99
11,602
1.73
738
0.11
3,995 0.60
3,532 0.53
26,320 3.94
25,571 3. S3
30
47,877 33.22
4,032
2.80
2,276
1.58
459
0.32
267
0.18
27 0.02
5,138 3.56
2,302 1.60
10,274 7.13
31
38.897
19.55
7,199
3.62
5,113
2.57
960
0.48
447
0.22
353 0.18
18,460 9.28
7,445 3.74
9,622 4.84
32
6,997
1.56
22,267 4.95
29,922
6.66
3,323
0.74
548
0.12
952
0.21
8,056 1.79
20,326 1 4.52
19,170 4.27
33
3,444 0.90
5,581 1.46
5,907
1.55
5,893
1.54
973
0.26
807
0.21
16,125
4.22
17,574
4.60
20,065
5.26
34
3,268 j 0.40
2,696
0.33
6,227
0.76
39,034
4.76
1,056
0.13
20,027
2.44
4,111
0.50
146,467
17.84
35,524
4.33
35
43 1 0.02
162
0.09
89
0.05
3,288
1.80
67
0.04
1,301
0.71
548
0.30
5,933
3.24
5,973
3.26
36
76 1 0.14
159
0.30
22
0.04
1,242
2.36
316
0.60
1,414
2.69
655
1.25
3,852
7.32
2,516
4.78
37
76 0.21
143
0.39
53
0.14
1,379
3,73
206
0.56
490 1.33
384
1.01
2,146
5.81
2,417
6.55
38
113 0.16
184 0.76
13
0.05
1,390
5.72
53
0.22
824 3.39
167 0.69
1,791
7.36
1,402
5.77
39
210 0.17
536 0.37
26
0.02
23,771
16.42
75
0.05
12,433 8.59
568
0.39
9,804
6.77
9,450
6.53
40
2,526 0.75
1,216 0.36
5,396
1.61
6,560
1.96
267
0.08
3,166
0.95
1,534
0.46
119,844
35.82
11,461
3.43
41
92
1.28
67 [ 0.93
476
6.63
183
2 55
37
0.52
11
0.15
80
1.12
309 4.30
. 452
6.30
42
102
0.27
229 0,61
152
0.41
1,221
3.26
35
0.09
388
1.04
175
0.47
2,788
7.45
1,853 4.95
43
29,575
2.16
45,845 3.34
1,408
0.10
28,885
2.11
1,228
0.09
35,851
2.62
14,447
1.05
132,084
9.64
98,320 7.17
44
2,662 j 3.77
1,014
1.13
134
0.19
830
1.17
66 0.09
788
1.11
815
1.15
2,528
3.58
4,653 6.58
45
519 1.80
1,074
3.73
39
0.14
267
0.93
3 0.01
298
1.03
S84
3.07
761 2.64
1,885 6.54
46
1,299
0.81
2,515
1.56
343
0.21
2,591
1.61
456
0.28
4,802 2.98
1,673
1.04
8,121 ; 5.03
9,928 6.15
47
71
0.31
93
0.40
13
0.06
571
2.46
15
0.06
433 1.86
99
0.43
10,518 45.40
1,082 4.66
48
93
0.30
411
1.31
3
0.01
444 1.42
11
0.04
245
0.78
59
0.19
19,256
61.43
1,263 4.03
49
3,247
2.37
19,736
14.43
15
0.01
452
0.33
27
0.02
520
0.38
312
0.23
3,696
2.70
13,359 9.77
50
92
0.38
558
2.31
26
0.11
375
1.55
7
0.03
1,386
5.75
48
0.20
1,622
6.72
1,884
7.81
51
1,313
3.60
2,665 j 7.31
15
0.04
344
0.95
4
0.01
547
1.50
134
0.37
1,437
3.94
3,047
8.36
52
11,591
7.62
3,919
2.60
311
0.22
1,902
1.25
104
0.07
1,640
1.08
2,757
1.81
5,744
3.78
11,047
7.27
53
3,267
3.39
1,967
2.04
136
0.14
1,605
1.66
90
0.09
719
0.75
3,399
3.52
6,683
6.93
6,576
6.82
54
5,421
0.89
11,863
1.95
343
0.06
19,504
3.20
445
0.07
24,473
4.02
4,267
0.70
71,688
11.76
43,596
7.15
55
16 t STATISTICS OF POPULATION.
Taking into consideration such states as contained in 1890 a large number of whites of foreign parentage, it
is seen that for white persons of Irish parentage the largest proportions were found in the North Atlantic
division, where in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut nearly one-half, and in New York, New Jersey,
and Pennsylvania a little more than one-third, of all white persons of foreign parentage were of this element.
Large proportions were also found in nearly all of the remaining states and territories, particularly in Delaware,
where they constituted more than one-half of all whites of foreign parentage, but in many of them, the whole
number of white persons of foreign parentage being comparatively small, the proportions are of little moment.
For white persons of German parentage the largest proportions were found in the states of the North Central
division, where in Ohio, Indiana, Wisconsin, and Missouri more than one-half of the whole number of white
persons of foreign parentage were of this element. In Maryland and Kentucky they constituted more than
one-half, and in New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania very nearly one-third, of all whites of foreign
parentage. Large proportions were also found in some of the other states, but in most of them the foreign element,
being numerically small, the proportions are not of importance.
It will be noticed that white persons of Irish and German parentage combined constituted more than
one-half of all whites of foreign parentage in the country, and that in Ohio and Missouri they constituted nearly
three-fourths, and in New York, New Jerse}r, and Pennsylvania about two-thirds, of the whole number of whites
of foreign parentage found living in these states.
White persons of English parentage were found in noticeable proportions throughout the whole country,
particularly in Utah, where they constituted 42.77 per cent of all white persous of foreign parentage, this
figure exceeding that for the descendants of any other nationality found in that territory.
White persons of Scotch parentage were found in small proportions in nearly all of the states and territories,
the largest being those for North Carolina and Wyoming, where they constituted 13.99 and 9.15 per cent, respectively.
For white persons of Welsh parentage the proportions were in all cases small, the largest being found in
Pennsylvania and Ohio, where they constituted 4.05 and 2.58 per cent, respectively.
White persons of English and French Canadian extraction were found in the largest proportions in the
states immediately adjoining and adjacent to the Canadian line. The largest proportions for those of English
Canadian extraction were found in Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Michigan, North Dakota, and
Washington, where they ranged from 10.84 per cent in Washington to 29.91 per cent in Maine. The proportions
for those of French Canadian extraction were largest in Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, and
Rhode Island, where they ranged from 1 1.89 per cent in Massachusetts to 39.40 per cent in New Hampshire. These
large proportions, particularly for the latter class, are due to the large manufacturing industries in the eastern states
and their contiguity to that part of Canada inhabited by these people, conditions that have induced large numbers
of them to emigrate to this country during recent years.
White persons of Scandinavian parentage were found in quite large proportions in most of the states and
territories of the North Central and Western divisions. The proportions for the Swedes were largest in Minnesota,
Nebraska, Washington, Kansas, Colorado, Utah, and Illinois, where they ranged from 7.04 per cent in Illinois to
15.81 per cent in Minnesota. The proportions for the Norwegians were largest in North Dakota, Minnesota, South
Dakota, Wisconsin, Washing! i, and Iowa, ranging from 7.18 per cent in Iowa to 33.22 per cent in North Dakota.
The proportions for the Danes v. ire largest in Utah and Idaho, being 14.43 and 7.31 per cent, respectively.
Of the remaining countries shown in the table, the largest p: oportion was found for white persons of Bohemian
parentage in Nebraska, where it was 6.66 per cent ; for white persons of French parentage in Louisiana, where it
was 16.42 per cent; for white persons of Hungarian parentage in Pennsylvania, where they comprised but 1.43 per
cent of all white persons of foreign parentage in that state ; for white persons of Italian parentage in Louisiana,
or 8.59 per cent, with less noticeable proportions in Nevada, California, Colorado, New York, and New Jersey ; and
for white persons of Russian parentage in South Dakota, where they constituted 9.28 per cent, the next largest
proportions being found in Kansas, North Dakota, and Oregon.
The table on the following page shows the whole number of white persons of foreign parentage, distributed
according to the nationality of the parents, for each of the seven cities that in 1S90 had a population of 400,000
or more.
FOREIGN PARENTAGE.
17
; Total
! white'
persons of
foreign
parent-
I'F.RSONS HAVINU KITHEK
[■AKTNT HORN AS SMX'I FIE1>
1,2115, -163 409,924 33.73
Chicago
Philadelphi:
St. Louis..
Boston ....
Baltimore
S55.523
590,583
571,462
304,312
302,839
180,319
169,912
260,727
202,065
61,312
161,674
38,051
19.86
44.15
35.36
21.13
53.39
21.10
319,535
173,010
209,989
181,647
22,103
6 35.04 : 53,288 4.:
49,076 5.74
67,315 11.40
52,525 9,19
14,325 4.71
20,182 6.66
7,919 4.39
Canada Canada
(English). ;; (French).
Num- Per
ber. cent.
14,460 ! 2.45
14,382 ' 2.52
3,285 j 1.08
8,242 2.72
1,638 0.13
3,057 0.36
3,020 0.51
1,081 0.19
553 0.18
8,474 ; 0.70
22,299 ! 2.61
2,746 0.46
6.509 | 1.14
2,530 0.83
315 0.10 ' 39,678 J13.10
206 ! 0.11 j 629 0.35
922 ; 0.08
5,127 ' 0.60
210 0.04
691 0.12
395 0.13
2,133 0.70
9,297
60,362
2,125
12,630
1,532
4,624
327
Per
cent.
0.36
2.21
0.50
1.53
0.18
WHITE PERSONS HAVING EITHER BOTH P.
BORN
AS SPECIFIED OR ONE
PARENT BORN
AS SPECIFIED
ND ONE PARENT NATIVE— continued.
White per-
foreign
CITIES.
Norway.
Denmark.
Bohemia.
France.
Hungary. Italy.
Russia.
Other
countries.
parentage.
Num-
ber.
Per
Num-
ber.
Per
cent.
Num-
ber.
Per
cent.
Num-
ber.
Per
cent.
Num-
ber.
Per
cent.
Num-
ber.
Per
cent.
Num-
ber.
Per
cent.
Num-
ber.
Per
cent.
Num- Per
ber. cent.
rk
1,880
0.15
1,933
0.16
12,034
0.99
15,592
1.2S
15,286
1.26
54,964
4.52
68,994
5.68
69,530
5.72
46,480 3.82
31,302
3.66
9.5S9
1.12
41,877
4.89
4,841
0.57
1,641
0.19
8,219
0.96
11,294
1.32
64,284
7.51
36,229 4.23
Philadelphia
758
0.13
958
0.16
286
0.05
5,417
0.92
1,635
0.28
10,603
1.79
10,136
1.72
12,900
2.18
24,277 4.11
Brooklyn
5,856
1.02
2,434
0.43
184
0.03
4,745
0.83
858
0.15
12,701
2.22
4,745
0.83
13,342
2.33
26,725
4.68
211
0.07
512
0.18
4,780
1.57
4,270
1.40
316
0.11
2,242
0.74
2,221
0.73
10,252
3.37
10,899
3.58
987
0.33
501
0.17
181
0.06
1,506
0.50
211
0.07
6,636
2.19
6,246
2.06
6.471
2.14
21,113
6.98
206
0.11
146
0.08
2,178
1.21
1,100
0.64
165
0.09
1,327
0,74
5,553
3.08
4,891
2.71
4,344
2.41
Of the large number of white persons of foreign parentage living in these cities in 1890, those of Irish and
German extraction constituted by far the greater proportions. In fact, for these two classes combined, the proportions
in Baltimore, St. Louis, Philadelphia, Brooklyn, and New York exceeded two thirds, and in Boston and Chicago
one-half, of the whole number of white persons of foreign parentage in each of these cities.
For those of Irish extraction the proportions were large in all of these cities. In Boston they constituted more
than one-half of all whites of foreign parentage, or 53.39 per cent ; in Philadelphia, more than two-fifths, or 44.15
per cent, and in Brooklyn and New York, a little over one-third, or 35.36 and 33.73 per cent, respectively. The
smallest proportions for this element were found in St. Louis, Baltimore, and Chicago, in each of which they constituted
about one-fifth of all whites of foreign parentage.
The proportions for those of German parentage were also large in all of these cities except Boston, where it was
but 7.30 per cent. In Baltimore and St. Louis it was more than one-half, or 61.66 and 59.69 per cent, respectively ;
in Chicago, 37.35 per cent; in Brooklyn, 36.75 per cent; in New York, 35.04 per cent, and in Philadelphia, 29.29
per cent.
The largest proportions for those of English parentage were found in Philadelphia and Brooklyn, where
they constituted about one-tenth of the whole number of whites of foreign parentage. The only proportion for
the Canadians of English extraction that is of any moment was found in Boston, where it was 13.10 per cent.
The largest proportions for those of Swedish, Norwegian, and Bohemian extraction were found in Chicago, being
7.06 per cent for the Swedes, 3.66 per cent for the Norwegians, and 4.89 per cent for the Bohemians. The
largest proportions for those of Italian and Bussian extraction were found in New York, being, respectively, 4.52
and 5.68 per cent.
For white persons of Scotch, "Welsh, French Canadian, French, and Hungarian parentage, the proportions were
in all cases very small.
The table on the following page shows, for the United States as a whole, the distribution of the 922,268
white persons of mixed foreign parentage according to the various combinations of parentage in detail.
F. P.— 5
18
STATISTICS OF POPULATION.
( UMIIINATIONS OF PAR
The United States .
Ireland and England
Ireland and Canada (English)
Germany and other countries
Ireland and Scotland
England and Canada (English)..
England and Scotland
Ireland and Germany
Germany and France
Germany and England
Canada (English) and Scotland .
England and Wales
Sweden and Norway
Germany and Canada (English)..
England and other countries
Germany and Sweden
Germany and Russia
Ireland and other countries-
France and other countries...
Ireland and France
Germany and Denmark
England and France
Germanv and Scotland
Sweden and Denmark
Canada (English) and Canada (French)..
Norway and Denmark
Ireland and Wales
Germany and Bohemia
Ireland and Canada i French)
Canada (French) and France
Canada (English) and other countries..
Russia and other countries
Germanv and Norway
Wales and Scotland
England and Sweden
England and Canada (French)..
6,495
5.651
4.774
4,598
4,531
3,984
3,953
3,689
3,061
2,993
Ireland and Sweden 2,956
Canada (English) and France 2,804
Scotland and other countries 2,765
England and Denmark j 2,510
Germany and Hal;
2,062
2,052
1,938
1,938
1,869
137,282
90.669
77,444
61,564
59,620
55,590
46,131
43,262
36,912
35,256
23,119
19,905
17,952
12,061
11 ,936
11,019
10,831
10,758
9,739
9,021
Germany and Hungary
Bohemia and other countries..
Wales and Canada (English) .
Scotland and France
Ireland and Italy
Ireland and Denmark
Ireland and Norway
Germany and Canada (French)-.
Germany and Wales
Italy and other countries
Engl a
and Norway 1,660
rid Italv 1,519
Canada (English) and Sweden 1,466
England and Russia 1,411
Sweden and other countries 1,326
Sweden and Russia
Canada (English) and Norway
Hungary and other countries
Canada (French) and other countries .
Canada (French) and Scotland
1,200
1,156
1,121
Native Foreign
white. white.
714,270 207, 998
106,816
61,892
71,100
46,292
35,672
37,798
44,609
39,097
32,141
16,848
16,551
16,310
14,828
9,025
9,343
I 8,189
6,470
4,513
5,866
5,264
5,197
3,756
2,906
2.682
3,502
2,913
2,789
1,835
2.857
2,146
1,951
2,357
1,835
1 ,737
1,273
1,424
1,751
1,712
1,669
1,545
1,605
1,214
1,522
1,059
1,341
1,115
1,111
983
6,344
18,272
23,948
17,792
1,522
4,165
4,771
18,408
6,568
3,595
3,124
3,036
2,593
COMBINATIONS OF I'ARF-NTAGE.
England and Italy
Denmark and other countries...
Sweden and Scotland
Norway and other countries
Canada (English) and Denmark
Norway and Russia
Sweden and France
Norway and Scotland
Wales and other countries
Denmark and Scotland
Ireland and Russia
France and Russia
Bohemia and Hungary
Denmark and France
Hungary and Russia
Bohemia and France
Wales and France
Canada (English) and Italy
Camilla (French) and Sweden...
Ireland and Bohemia
Wales and Sweden
Canada (French) and Bohemia.
Hungary and Italy
England and Bohemia
Canada (English) and Bohemia
Scotland and Italv
Denmark and Russia
Norway and France
Wales and Denmark
England and Hungary
Norway and Bohemia
Canada (English) and Russia...
Canada (English) and Hungary
Canada { French) and Norway...
Canada (French) and Italy
Wales and Norwav
Bohemia and Russia
Sweden and Bohemia
Ireland and Hungary
Wales and Canada (French)
Scotland and Russia
Sweden and Italy
France and Hungary
Denmark and Bohemia
Italy and Russia
Canada (French) and Denmark.
Scotland and Bohemia
Denmark and Italy
Bohemia and Italy
Scotland and Hungary
Wales and Italy
Norway and Hungary
Norway and Italy
Canada (French) and Russia
Sweden and Hungary
Wales and Bohemia
Wales and Hungary
Wales and Russia
Canada (French) and Hungary.,
Denmark and Hungary
Foreign
white.
In the above table the combinations of parentage are arranged in the order of their numerical importance,
and can be easily understood. For instance, in 1890 there were 137,282 white persons who had one parent born in
Ireland and one parent born in England, of which 106,846 were native white persons and 30,436 foreign white
persons. The other lines are to be read in the same way. In this table, the term " other countries " is used in its
limited sense, meaning thereby all other countries not specified, the same as in the general tables showing parentage
according to certain specified nationalities.
The number of white persons in 1890 who had either fathers or mothers born in certain specified countries is
shown, for the United States as a whole, in the table on the following page.
FOREIGN PARENTAGE.
L9
SPECIFIED COUNTRIES.
Number of
white per-
sons having
fathers born
as specified.
Number of
white per-
sons having
mothers born
as specified.
Excess of
white per-
sons having
fathers born
as specified.
Excess of
white per-
sons having
mothers born
as specified.
19,436,474
18,094,950
ol, 357, 967
16,443
Ireland
England
Canada (English)
4,826,245
6,759,890
1,910,766
589,185
222,468
825,234
497,650
741,666
596,187
227,826
215,653
287,413
73,931
254,555
266,884
1,140,921
4,608,833
6,146,255
1,687,367
519,330
206,400
841.677
481,689
726,634
587,980
210,098
215,085
229,856
72,043
239,342
256,109
1,066,252
217,412
613,635
223,399
69,855
16,068
15,961
15,032
8,207
17,728
568
• 57,557
1,888
15,213
10,775
74,669
16,443
a Net excess of white persons having foreign fathers, 1,311,524.
From this table it appears that, with the exception of Canada (English), there was an excess of white persons
having fathers born in each specified country over white persons having mothers so born. The excess of white
persons having English Canadian mothers over those having English Canadian fathers was practically confined to
the North Atlantic and North Central divisions, largely in Massachusetts, New York, and Michigan. The net
excess of fathers is 1,341,524, there being 19,436,474 white persons having foreign fathers as compared with
18,094,950 white persons having foreign mothers.
On the other hand, white persons having native mothers and foreign fathers exceeded those having native
fathers and foreign mothers to the number of 1,341,524, which offsets the excess of white persons having foreign
fathers, as just stated. These figures, although applying directly to the marriage of persons one generation removed,
indicate, to a certain extent at least, that native women have intermarried more freely with foreign men than native
men with foreign women. To what extent persons of foreign birth had intermarried with persons native born but
of the same extraction, as persons of German birth who had married persons born in the United States but of
German parentage, can not be determined from the data at hand. In general, however, it may be safely stated that
the relatively freer intermarriage of native born women with foreign born men was principally due to the fact that
the males in the country were largely in excess, particularly as regards the foreign born, fully three-fifths of all
the immigrants being males, who were largely of marriageable age, if not already married, upon their arrival.
This predominance of white persons with native mothers but foreign fathers existed in 1890 in every state and
territory of the Union. It was greatest in the South Central division, where there were over three and one-half
times as many white persons with native mothers and foreign fathers as there were white persons with native fathers
and foreign mothers, and in the South Atlantic division, where there were very nearly three times as many such
persons. In these two divisions, however, the element of foreign parentage among the whites was not numerically
large, and it was probably due to this fact that the scattered foreign male element had sought marriage so freely
with native born women. In the North Central division there were not quite two and one-half times as many
white persons with native mothers and foreign fathers as there were white persons with native fathers and foreign
mothers, while in the Western division the white persons having native mothers and foreign fathers were just
about double the number having native fathers and foreign mothers. The smallest excess was found in the North
Atlantic division, or about one and nine-tenths more white persons with native mothers and foreign fathers than
white persons with native fathers and foreign mothers.
Taking the nationality of the father as the basis, the intermarriage of mothers born in the United States with
fathers born in each of the various foreign countries can be measured relatively, as shown by the table on the
following page.
20
STATISTICS OF POPULATION.
Ireland
Ger
England
Scotland
Wales
Canada (English)
Canada (French) .
Sweden
Norway
Denmark
Bohemia
France
Hungary
Italy ....
Russia
Other countries....
From this table it appears that 10.54 per cent of all the white persons with Irish fathers had mothers born in
the United States, as compared with 12.33 per cent for those with German fathers, 20.63 per cent for those with
English fathers, 17.09 per cent for those with Scotch fathers, 15.83 per cent for those with Welsh fathers, 29.46 per
cent for those with English Canadian fathers, and 21.59 per cent for those, with French fathers. It is at once
apparent from these percentages that native born women have married most freely with those nationalities which
were amono- the earliest contributors to our foreign born element, and for this reason it is impossible to determine
accurately the proportion of these women who are themselves native born but of foreign extraction.
The percentage of persons with French Canadian fathers and native mothers makes this assumption all the
more plausible, for the reason that this class is not disposed to marry much, if at all, outside of its own people.
There were however, in 1890 very nearly 9 per cent of persons reported with French Canadian fathers and native
mothers, which can be accounted for only on the assumption that the larger share of these native born mothers were
themselves of French Canadian extraction. This point is further illustrated by the proportions of persons who had
Scandinavian fathers and native mothers, there having been but 3.27 per cent of persons with Swedish fathers and
native mothers, 5.10 per cent with Norwegian fathers and native mothers, and 6.10 per cent with Danish fathers
and native mothers. The comparatively small proportions of persons who had fathers born in Bohemia, Hungary,
Italy, or Russia and native mothers are also noted, these nationalities having only assumed importance during the
past decade as a part of our foreign born population.
The table on the following page gives similar results concerning white persons having mothers born in certain
specified countries.
FOREIGN PARENTAGE.
21
I
All classes 18,094,950
Ireland 4,608,833
Germany 6,146,255
England. 1,687,367
Scotland i 519,330
Wales 206,400
Canada (English) 841,677
Canada (French) : 481,689
Sweden j 726,634
Norway 587,980
Denmark 210,098
Bohemia j 215,085
France 229,856
Hungary ! 72,013
Italy ; 239,342
Russia I 256,109
Other countries 1,066,252
OKN AS SPECIFIED —
Fathers born
specified.
Fathers born in
other foreign
countries.
4,142,
5,776,
Per
cent.
922,'_'l'.K
82.28
59.79
91.77
95.01
93.58
92.55
95.48
77.01
204,329
127,952
158,897
79,261
21,071
145,018
12,726
24,431
22,254
10,950
6,424
36,423
1,961
2,078
6,614
61,879
4.43
2.08
9.42
15.26
10.21
17.23
2.64
3.36
3.78
5.21
2.99
15.84
0.87
2.58
5.80
262,305
242,117
198,347
46,911
15,497
193,393
26,922
11,802
15,499
4,699
3,296
1,256
1,330
43,048
3.94
11.75
9.03
7.51
2.24
1.53
7.15
0.45
0.52
0.52
4,04
Both of these tables point to certain indications but do not afford definite information, for the reasons stated,
as to the freedom of intermarriage between foreign born persons and natives of this country. This is also true as
regards intermarriage between persons of the various specified nationalities. No conclusive results in this respect
can be derived from the figures showing foreign parentage, as they do not give the origin of the persons
considered, that is, the stock from which they have sprung. In this connection, however, an attempt has been
made to determine for the first time the approximate number of persons in this country who were of French
Canadian extraction, so far as it is possible to obtain such information through the medium of the census enumerators.
The work of the enumerators was supplemented in this office by a most careful scrutiny of the statements made
on the schedules regarding all persons of Canadian birth or parentage, for the purpose of affording as accurate
results as possible concerning the French Canadian element of our population. The table on the following page
shows the number of persons reported as having been born in Canada and Newfoundland separated according to
English or French extraction.
22 STATISTICS OF POPULATION.
NUMBER OF PERSONS BORN IN CANADA AND NEWFOUNDLAND OF ENGLISH OR FRENCH EXTRACTION: lc
\-D TERRITORIE
The United States
North Atlantic division...
Maine
New Hampshire
Vermont
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
South Atlantic division...
Delaware
Maryland
District of Columbia
Virginia
West Virginia
North Carolina
■ South Carolina.
Georgia
Florida
North Central division
Ohio
Indiana
Illinois
Michigan
Wisconsin
i TERRITORIES.
North Central division— Con
Minnesota
Iowa
43,580
17,465
8,525
23,045
9,493
12,105
Kansas 11,874
North Dakota..
South Dakota..
Nebraska
English
extrac-
tion.
South Central di
Kentucky.. .
Tennessee...
Alabama
Mississippi..
Louisiana...
Texas
Oklahoma...
Arkansas....
Western divisii
Montana
Wyoming
Colorado
New Mexico
Arizona
Utah
Nevada
Idaho
Washington
Oregon ] 6,
California 26,i
1,173
1,020
32,670
16,579
7,966
20,036
8,432
11,267
10,213
7,759
French
extrac-
tion.
3,009
1,061
6,827
1,218
8,567
656
705
1,184
1,399
1,667
15,805
6,029
24,676
This table shows that of the 980,938 persons in 1890 who were born in Canada and Newfoundland", 678,442, or
69.16 per cent, were of English extraction and 302,496, or 30.84 per cent, were of French extraction. Of the whole
number of those of French extraction, 229,354, or 75.82 per cent, were found in the North Atlantic division,
Massachusetts alone containing 96,286. In certain states of the North Central division also this class was
numerous, as shown by 30,446 in Michigan, 10,910 in Minnesota, 8,748 in Wisconsin, and 5,944 in Illinois.
Of the whole number of English extraction, 335,947, or 49.52 per cent, were found in the North Central
division, of which very nearly one-half were in Michigan alone, and 260,875, or 38.45 per cent, in the North Atlantic
division.
The foregoing table applies only to persons born in Canada and Newfoundland of English or French extraction,
and does not present, therefore, a complete showing of the English and French Canadian elements of our population
at the time the census was taken in 1S90, inasmuch as it does not comprehend those persons who were born in the
United States or elsewhere who had either one or both parents of English or French Canadian extraction. The
table on the following page gives the whole number of each element, classified according to the number having
both parents of English or French Canadian extraction, or one parent only, the other parent having been born
.either in the United States or in some foreign country other than Canada or Newfoundland.
FOREIGN PARENTAGE.
23
NUMBER OF WHITE PERSONS HAVING EITHER ONE OR BOTH PARENTS BORN IN CANADA AND NEWFOUNDLAND OF
ENGLISH OR FRENCH EXTRACTION : 1890.
rATES AND TERRITORIES.
WHITE PERSONS OF ENGLISH
H PARENT
Having
both
parents
English
Cana-
Having English
Canadian
fathers-
Having English
Canadian
mothers —
Fathers
the
United
"WHITE PERSONS OF FRENCH CANADIAN PARENTAGE.
Fathers
born in
other
foreign
conn-
tries.
Having
both
parents
French
Cana-
dian.
Having French
Canadian
fathers —
Mothers
born in
the
United
States.
Mothers
born in
foreign
tries.
Having French
Canadian
mothers —
Fathe
born
United
States.
Fathers
born in
other
foreign
coun
tries.
The United States..
North Atlantic di'
433,182
216,489
68,576
47,933
3s7,r,s,i
331,253
18,120
Maine
New Hampshire
Vermont
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
South Atlantic division..
49,980
19,221
23,519
166,184
9,113
10,301
125,965
7,489
21,410
Delaware
Maryland
District of Columbia
Virginia
West Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
Florida
27,899
10,967
10,100
100,651
4,680
5,539
47,806
2,607
6,240
2,874
3,090
6,175
17,489
1.206
1,730
27,671
1,666
5,596
2,282
71
8,596
3,156
4,896
20,439
1,187
1,285
23,910
1,149
3,958
3,166
1,217
1,449
17,783
1,267
900
17,150
1,369
3.632
38,556
48,470
32,291
152,891
34,775
24,821
53,310
890
1.576
North Central di-
234,579
Ohio
Indiana | 10,1
Illinois "..-. I 61,1
Michigan 243,1
Wisconsin
Minnesota
Iowa
Missouri
North Dakota
South Dakota
Nebraska
Kansas
South Central division..
Kentucky....
Tennessee...
Alabama
Mississippi..
Louisiana ...
Texas
Oklahoma ...
Arkansas
1,561
5,039
Western division 101,440
Montana
Wyoming
Colorado
New Mexico
Arizona
Utah
Nevada
Idaho
Washington
Oregon
California
8,107
3,023
22,075
107,518
19,977
24,459
11,203
4,576
13,079
6,010
7,925
6,597
4,216
138,756 41,846
7,539
3,677
14,041
46,584
14,556
13,131
13,257
5,788
2,015
4,022
2,186
624
5,046
15,877
4,100
4,591
1,147
1,850
1,005
1,333
1,438
1,026
853
1,109
1,149
9,854
3.511
16,511
106,728
5,470
2,310
10,756
40,912
8,920
8,794
10,196
3,530
1,849
3,128
5,224
5,609
2,201
4,007
2,670
9,321
81,085
4,387
1,181
9,296
32,449
6,306
7,547
5,741
2,327
3,855
1,937
3,072
2,987
137,168
3,056
1,176
14,031
58,377
18,863
23,251
2,562
1,464
5,140
2,484
2,557
1,226
32,925
44,853
23,521
136,412
32,235
22,592
37,521
519
675
224
2,600
1,702
4,968
7,595
1,097
1,024
7,626
139
402
1,504
472
10,136
45,799
14,142
18,382
1,257
531
4,251
1,732
1,132
3,385
314
2,251
1,164
2,854
5,039
893
721
24 STATISTICS OF POPULATION.
From this table it appears that the whole number of the French Canadian element in this country in 1890, so
far as it could be determined through the medium of the census, was 537,298, while that of the English Canadian
element (includiug Newfoundland) was 1,163,645. There is an unavoidable duplication in this table of 6,930 white
persons having both parents born in Canada, one parent being of English extraction and the other parent being of
French extraction. This duplication is small, however, as compared with the whole number of each element and
has no bearing upon this discussion.
Of all the persons of French Canadian parentage, 442,041 had French Canadian fathers and mothers, 55,609
had French Canadian fathers only, and 39,648 had French Canadian mothers only. Of the whole number of English
Canadian parentage, 503,266 had English Canadian fathers and mothers. 321,968 had English Canadian fathers only,
and 338,411 had English Canadian mothers only.
The French Canadian element is largely confined to the North Atlantic division, 387,580 out of a total of
537,298, or very nearly three-fourths of their entire number, having been found in the states comprising this division.
Considerable numbers were also found in the border states of the North Central division, the total for the division
being 137,168. In the Western division there were 10,963 persons of French Canadian parentage, while in the South
Central and South Atlantic divisions this element was found in small numbers only.
The English Canadian element is more evenly divided between the North Atlantic and North Central
divisions, the larger proportion having been found in the latter division, while in the Western division there were
over 100,000 persons of this extraction, and in the South Central and South Atlantic divisions about 23,000 persons.
In the Canadian census taken in 1891 an attempt was made to ascertain the number of French Canadians and
French Acadians in the several provinces of the Dominion. The following statement relative to this inquiry is
taken from the official report of that census :
* * * Each person who was asked the other questions in the census schedules, was also asked if he or she was a French
Canadian (or Canadian French), or a French Acadian (or Acadian French) and the answers given were noted in these columns by the
enumerators.
It has been claimed, however, with much appearance of reason, that the column headed " French Canadians " does not show the number
of persons of French origin in Canada ; that in the case of Acadians in the Maritime Provinces and the Half-Breeds of Manitoba and the
Northwest Territories, the question was misunderstood and that in the Province of Ontario owing to various causes, many persons of French
Canadian origin have not been so enumerated.
This fact is here noted so that persons, using the results published, may not be misled by supposing that the number of persons of French
Canadian origin has been ascertained with precision or that the actual increases or decreases are such as a comparison with former census
returns might seem to show.
The answers given to the enumerators have been correctly compiled and placed before the public.
The number of French Canadians returned in the Canadian census is given in Table 3 of their census report,
and shows that out of a total of 4,833,239 persons, 1,404,974, or 29.07 per cent, were reported as French Canadians.
In the United States census in 1890 the French Canadian element constituted 31.59 per cent of all the persons of
Canadian extraction, including English and French.
It can not be claimed, of course, that the actual number of persons of French Canadian extraction in this
country in June, 1S90, as opposed to those of English Canadian extraction, was ascertained by the census, but it is
believed that a careful study of the figures given herein will demonstrate the substantial accuracy of the enumeration
in this respect. It represents the first attempt in the United States census to present these classes separately, and
the results can be assumed to be at least fairly approximate.
Very respectfully,
CARROLL D. WRIGHT,
Commissioner of Labor in charge.
The Secretary of the Interior.
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