DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIKECTOR
EXTRACTS FROM THE STYLE BOOK*
OF THE
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
DESIGNED FOR THE USE OF
TYPEWRITER OPERATORS ENGAGED IN PREPARING
MANUSCRIPT FOR PRINTING
COMPILED BY
GEORGE McLANE WOOD
EDITOR
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1915
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIRECTOR
EXTRACTS FROM THE STYLE BOOK
OF THE
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
DESIGNED FOR THE USE OF
TYPEWRITER OPERATORS ENGAGED IN PREPARING
MANUSCRIPT FOR PRINTING
COMPILED BY
GEORGE McLANE WOOD
EDITOR
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1915
LIBR
SCHOOt,
EXTRACTS FROM THE STYLE BOOK OF THE
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.
A large part of the time of the editorial clerks employed to prepare manuscripts
of Government reports for printing is occupied in correcting the typewriter opera-
tors' errors in spelling, capitalization, punctuation, the use of figures, the forms of
abbreviations, and the use or omission of hyphens in compound words. The correc-
tion of these errors involves considerable expense and causes delay in printing. In
order to diminish the number of these errors, and thus to reduce the expense of pre-
paring copy for printing and to expedite publication, the extracts from the Govern-
ment Printing Office Style Book here presented have been printed for the use of
typewriter operators engaged in preparing manuscripts of Government reports. The
pages selected, except pages 3, 4, and 91, have been printed directly from the elec-
trotyped plates of the Style Book without change of page numbers.
Typewriter operators who are preparing matter that is to be printed should famil-
iarize themselves with this pamphlet. A few special directions are given below.
Use ordinary letter paper and leave a margin of at least an inch at the top of the
page, an inch at the left, and at least half an inch at the bottom. The printers pre-
fer that every page begin with a paragraph; therefore do not start a paragraph near
the bottom of a page. Every page should be numbered. Temporary page numbers
should be at the bottom.
The title of the report should appear not only on the title-page but at the top of
the first page of text, with the author's name below it, the name to be written between
dashes, one above and one below.
Write each footnote in the line immediately below the line of text in which the
reference mark occurs, separating it from the text above and below by lines running
across the page, but do not break the text at the reference mark if it comes in the
middle of a line.
Observe that every table and section is provided with a heading, which should be
underscored for italic, and observe also that units of measurement (as feet, inches,
pounds, tons) are written at heads of columns of figures representing such units. If
dimensions are given in feet and inches use the form "Ft. in." at the head of the
column.
Use etc., not &c. nor et cetera.
Write "half a mile," "a quarter of a mile," not "a half mile," nor " % mile."
Spell out fractions that stand alone, as "one-half," "three-fourths"; but write "3,"
" If " where the fraction does not stand alone but is joined to a whole number.
Operators using keyboards bearing no figure 1 should use lower case 1 for this
numeral. If capital I is used confusion results, vol. II appearing instead of vol. 11,
for example.
Write 16 by (not x) 24 inches.
Use a comma after the word preceding "and," " or," or other connective in a series
of three or more words or phrases like "clay, sand, and gravel" ; "the upper coal
is 21 inches thick, the parting 12 inches, and the lower coal 18 inches." Use a semi-
colon before "and" if the other members of the series are separated by semicolons.
3
Omit the period after viz and per cent and after numbers (1, 2, 3) that stand over
columns in a table.
Use a. m., p. m. (not A. M., P. M.) with figures denoting clock time.
Use B. t. u. for British thermal units, c. c. for cubic centimeter, sp. gr. for specific
gravity, F. for Fahrenheit, and C. for Centigrade where it is necessary to abbreviate
these terms.
Write June 20 (not June 20th), but the 20th of June.
Write 2d and 3d, not 2nd and 3rd, for the abbreviations of second and third.
Note carefully the following " Don'ts " :
Don't capitalize any words except proper nouns or proper adjectives in text,
table of contents, list of illustrations, italic side headings, or legends or titles for
illustrations.
Don't use " for " Do." or "do.," meaning ditto. In tables use " Do." (capitalized)
in first and last columns; "do." elsewhere.
Don't use % for per cent, nor # for No.
Don't underscore foreign words for italic.
Don't underscore center headings, and don't fail to underscore side headings.
Don't put footnotes at the bottom of the page.
Don't underscore names of fossils when they are arranged in lists or in tables. In
text underscore the name of genus and species (or genus, species, and variety), if
given together, as Spirifer crispus, Spirifer crispus simplex, but not the generic,
family, or other name if it stands alone, as Mollusca, Brachiopoda, Olenellus, Spirifer.
Don't rewrite matter for the purpose of filling a sheet with typewriting. The
printer will not leave blank spaces where they may happen to occur in "copy."
The rules that apply to letters in this respect need not be applied to manuscript
intended for printing. The presence of erasures or of plainly written interlined
words or phrases may be tolerated, and pages containing these need not be rewritten.
A complicated table that has been prepared in ink need not be typewritten if the
writing is plain in every part, but fine, crowded writing or pale blue prints can not
be accepted. The prime requisite is that the matter should be clearly legible.
Don't crowd anything to economize paper. It is impossible to make "copy" too
plain, and room must be left for editorial marking. This direction applies to tables,
quoted matter, and footnotes, as well as to text.
RULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION.
INTRODUCTION.
The following rules and style are to be observed in Government printing. Bear
in mind that every point can not be specifically covered and that the rules here
laid down are to serve as a general guide.
CAPITALIZATION.
(See also Capitalization, p. 65.)
Capitalize proper names, or words used as such, singular or plural; also when used
as adjectives, unless the adjective form is a different word, derived from a common
noun, used as a proper noun in specific cases; for example, President (presidential),
Senate (senatorial), Congress (congressional), Province (provincial). Exceptions:
Democratic, Territorial, as relating to the Democratic Party or a Territory of the
United States.
Capitalize, singular or plural, with the name or standing alone, the title of any
ruler, the name of any national legislative body and its constitutent branches, and
the name of domain or administrative subdivisions of any country. This includes
dependencies like Australia, Canada, etc. Capitalize also the adjective forms, unless
embraced in the exceptions noted in the preceding paragraph.
Capitalize the titles of State legislative bodies when accompanied by the name, as
the Massachusetts General Court, the General Court of Massachusetts, the New York
Assembly, the Assembly of New York, the Rhode Island House of Representatives,
the House of Representatives of Rhode Island, Ohio Legislature, the Legislature of
Ohio; but lower-case the general court, the assembly, the house of representatives,
the legislature, etc., when standing alone.
Capitalize the titles of United States executive departments, bureaus, services,
etc., and organizations of the Army and Navy, singular, plural, and adjective forms;
lower-case department, bureau, corps, etc., when standing alone.
Capitalize all geographic terms, singular 0r plralj when with the name. (See
also Geographic Names, pp. 24, 46.)
Capitalize street, avenue, road, lane, etc., singular or plural, when with the name.
Capitalize all titles immediately preceding names of persons, but lower-case when
following, except as noted on page 34, and those always capitalized. In addresses
and with signatures capitalize both before and after name.
Capitalize department, bureau, division, office, etc., when used with a name that
is capitalized, even though it is not a part of the exact title, as Pension Office for
Bureau of Pensions, Census Office for Bureau of the Census, Land Department for
General Land Office, Corporations Division for Bureau of Corporations, etc. This
refers only to branches of the Government.
Capitalize a fanciful or popular appellation as if a real name, as Keystone State,
Bay State, City of Churches, Monumental City, Capital City, Windy City, the Hub,
Great Father (the President), etc.
Capitalize names of monuments, tombs, statues, etc., when of a public character,
as Bunker Hill Monument, Grant's Tomb, Rochambeau Statue, Statue of Liberty,
etc.; but lower-case the words "monument," "tomb," "statue," etc., when used
in a general way, as the statue of Columbus, the tomb of Napoleon, etc.
Capitalize such terms as the following when with a name or number and used as a
proper noun. Care must be taken not to confound a proper adjective with a proper
noun. For instance, the Johnson House would mean a hotel and therefore be a
E roper noun; but should a house be referred to that was the property of or occupied
y a family named Johnson, it would be the Johnson house. Pier A or Pier 19,
but at the White Star Line's pier; Boston Light, Boston and Boone Island Lights,
etc., but Massachusetts Bay lights.
Breakwater. Dry Dock. Jetty. Light Vessel. Weir.
Chute. Dune. Landing. Lock. Wharf.
Dam. Ferry. Levee. Pier. Woods.
Dike. Forest. Light. Reservoir.
Dock. House. Lighthouse. Slip.
22 ."*.: /'ifoi/Afi TJ^E OF COMPOSITION
Capitalize nouns, pronouns, adjectives (except the articles "a," "an," and "the"),
adverbs, verbs, and first and last words in headings set in caps and lower case or caps
and small caps, titles of books, publications, lectures, etc., when it is intended that
the principal words shall be capitalized.
Lower-case, when standing alone, the common noun in titles, except Government,
Army, and Navy; for example, Treasury Department, Patent Office, Labor Bureau,
and Interstate Commerce Commission should be referred to as the department, the
office, the bureau, and the commission; but the Government, the Army, and the
Navy for United States Government, United States Army, and United States Navy.
These exceptions are made because the short form is the one commonly used and
if lower-cased would be brought into direct contrast with titles of subordinate
organizations which are capitalized .
Lower-case the names of districts (congressional, judicial, etc.), except the Dis-
trict of Columbia or the District of Alaska. Also lower-case wards and precincts.
Lower-case the following words of common usage which were originally proper
names, but whose significance as such has become obscured, or when used before
nouns in common use to specify merchandise:
belleek ware. harveyized steel. mercerized fabrics. roman (type).
bologna sausage. india ink. merino sheep. russia (leather).
chinaware. india rubber. morocco (leather). timothy grass.
china clay. levantine silk. navy blue. Venetian blinds.
delftware. lyonnaise potatoes. navy cloth. wedge wood ware.
frankfurter (sausage). macadamized road. osnaburg. (See also Trade
gothic (type). manilarope. pasteurized milk. names, p. 27.)
Lower-case adjectives and verbs ending in "ize," "ed," "ify," and "ing," though
the original word be a proper noun, when applied to trade products or processes, as
harveyized, pasteurized, macadamized, galvanized, mercerized, etc.; otherwise capi-
talize, as Christianize, Americanize, Frenchify, Bryanize, etc.
ADDRESSES, ETC. Capitalize the principal words in addresses, signatures, and
date lines. (See also Addresses, p. 41.)
ARMY.
Capitalize the United States Army, the Army, the Army Establishment, the Regu-
lar Army, the Volunteer Army, the Regular and Volunteer Armies, the Regulars,
the Volunteers.
Capitalize standing alone and also when used as an adjective; the Army, an Army
officer, etc.
Capitalize its organizations and branches, as the Cavalry, Infantry, Field Artillery,
Coast Artillery, Engineer Corps, Nurse Corps, Pay Corps, etc.; also when used
as an adjective, as Infantry or Cavalry officer, Marine Corps man, Engineer Corps
work, etc.; but lower-case artilleryman, infantryman, cavalryman. Similar cap-
italization to apply to State organizations.
Capitalize the names of foreign organizations, as British Army, the Royal Guards,
Gordon Highlanders, Eighty-eighth Connaught Rangers, etc.
Foreign: Lower-case army, navy, cavalry, etc., unless name is given.
Lower-case organizations bearing names of persons, as Robinson's brigade, Wheat's
regiment, etc.
(See also Guide to capitalization, p. 28.)
BOARD, BUREAU, COMMISSION, DIVISION, AND EXPERIMENT STATION.
Capitalize all United States Government boards, bureaus, commissions, divisions,
and experiment stations, as the Board of Visitors, the General Board, the Naval
Retiring Board, the Bureau of Yards and Docks, the Interstate Commerce Com-
mission, the Bureau of Soils, Storrs Experiment Station, etc.; but lower-case
when standing alone, as the board, bureau, etc.
Capitalize State and other boards when accompanied by proper name, as Ohio
Board of Health, Chamber of Commerce of Boston, etc.; but lower-case when
standing alone, as the board, board of health, board of pharmacy, etc.
(See also Guide to capitalization, p. 28.)
COLLEGE DEGREES. Lower-case when spelled, as the degree of doctor of laws, the
degree of master of arts, etc.
COMMITTEE. Capitalize all standing and select committees of the Senate and the
House of Representatives, as the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads
(Senate), Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads (House), Committee of
the Whole House on the state of the Unioc, Subcommittee on Appropriations,
General Supply Committee, etc.
KULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION.
23
DEITY. Capitalize all words denoting Deity, as All- Wise; also all pronouns except
those commencing with the letter "w," as who, whom, or whose.
DEPARTMENT.
Capitalize when referring to an executive department or a bureau of the United
States Government when name is given, singular or plural; lower-case standing
alone, as the department; and also as an adjective, as a department clerk, a
departmental position.
Lower-case when referring to the coordinate branches of the Government, as the
legislative, executive, and judicial departments.
DISTRICT.
Capitalize when referring to the District of Columbia or the District of Alaska; also
any synonymous term, as Federal District.
Lower-case congressional, State, judicial, and other districts.
FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS.
Capitalize, singular or plural, with the name or standing alone, the title of any
ruler, the name of any legislative body and its constituent branches, and the
name of domain and its administrative subdivisions when referring definitely
to any one of the titles or names given in the following table, but lower-case
names of foreign bureaus and titles of foreign officers and cabinet members when
used without names:
Table of foreign Governments.
[Compiled from Statesman's Year Book, 1910.]
Country.
Title of ruler.
Legislative body and branches.
Domain and adminis-
trative subdivisions.
Abyssinia
Kine
Empire' Kingdom
Afghanistan
Ameer
Kingdom: Province
Argentina
Austria - Hun-
President
National Congress: Senate, House of
Deputies. .
Republic: Province.
Territory.
Empire and Kingdom
gary.
Austria
Hungary . .
Belgium
Emperor
King
do
Parliament (R e i c h s r a t h): Upper
House (Herrenhaus), Lower House
( Abgeordnetenhaus ) .
Parliament (Orszaggyxil&i): Upper
House (Forendihaz), Lower House
(Krfpviselohaz).
Senate, Chamber of Representatives...
Province.
Do.
Kingdom: Province.
Bhutan
Maharaja
State.
Bolivia
President
Congress: Senate, Chamber of Depu-
Republic: Department,
Brazil
do
ties.
National Congress' Senate Chamber
Territory.
Republic: State Federal
Bulgaria
King
of Deputies.
National Assembly (Sobranje")
District.
Kingdom: Province.
Chile
President
National Congress' Senate Chamber
Republic' Province Ter-
China
do
of Deputies.
National Assembly: Upper House,
ritory.
Republic: Province.
Colombia. .
do
Lower House.
Congress* Senate House of Represent-
Republic: Department.
Costa Rica
do
atives.
Congress- Chamber of Representatives
Republic: Province.
Cuba
do
Congress* Senate House of Represent-
Do.
Denmark
Dominican
King
President
atives.
Rigsdag (orDiet): Landsthing,
Folkething.
National Congress: Senate, Chamber
Kingdom: Amt(County)..
Republic: Province, Dis-
Republic
(Santo Do-
mingo).
Ecuador
do
of Deputies,
do
trict.
Republic: Province, Ter-
France .
do
National Assembly or Congress: Sen-
ritory.
Republic: Department.
German Em-
Emperor
ate, Chamber of Deputies.
Bundesrath Reichstag
Empire: State, King-
pire.
Greece
King...
Legislative Assembly (Bule*)
dom, Grand Duchy,
Duchy, and Principal-
ity.
Kingdom: Nome or De-
Guatemala
President
National Assembly
partment.
Republic: Department.
Haiti.
...do...
Senate, Chamber of Communes
Do.
Honduras
do
Congress of Deputies
Do.
Italy..
Japan
King
Emperor (Mi-
Parliament: Senate, Chamber of Dep-
uties.
Imperial Diet: House of Peers, House
Kingdom: Province.
Empire: Fu and Ken
Chosen
kado).
of Representatives.
(Prefecture).
Province
Liberia. .
President
Parliament: Senate, House of Repre-
Republic: County.
sentatives.
24
RULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION.
Table of foreign Governments Continued.
Country.
Title of ruler.
Legislative body and branches.
Domain and adminis-
trative subdivisions.
Luxemburg . .
Mexico
Grand Duke
President
Chamber of Deputies
Grand Duchy: Canton.
Republic: State, Terri-
tory, Federal District.
Principality.
Kingdom.
Sultanate: Province.
Kingdom.
Kingdom: Province.
Republic: Department,
Comarcas.
Kingdom: Amt(County).
Sultanate.
Republic: Province.
Republic :Partido
(County).
Kingdom: Province.
Republic: Department.
Department.
Republic: Province.
Kingdom: Department.
Empire: Government,
Province.
Republic: Department.
Kingdom: Department.
Kingdom: Province.
Do.
Kingdom: Lan (Govern-
ment).
Republic: Canton.
Empire: Vilayet.
Empire: County, Bor-
ough, University.
Commonwealth: State.
Dominion: Province.
Dominion: Counties,
Boroughs.
Union: Province.
Republic: Department.
Republic: State, Terri-
tory, Federal District.
Congress: Senate, House of Repre-
sentatives.
Monaco
Prince
Montenegro.. .
Morocco
King
Parliament
Sultan
Nepal
King
Netherlands...
Nicaragua
Norway
Oman
Queen
States-General: First Chamber, Sec-
ond Chamber.
Congress
President .
King
Sultan.
Storting: Lagting, Odelsting
Panama
Paraguay
President
Chamber of Deputies
do
Congress: Senate, House of Deputies..
National Council
Persia
Shah
Peru... .
President
Congress: Senate, House of Represent-
atives.
Legislative Assembly
Porto Rico
Portugal
Governor
President
Cortes Geraes: House of Peers, House
of Commons.
Senate, Chamber of Deputies
Roumania
Russia
King
Emperor
Council of the Empire, Duma. . .
Salvador
President
Congress of Deputies
Servia
Siam .
King
do
National Assembly (Narodna-
Skupshtina).
Legislative Council
Spain
do
Cortes: Senate, Congress of Deputies. . .
Parliament (or Diet): First Chamber,
Second Chamber.
Parliament: State Council (Stande-
rath), National Council (National-
rath).
Parliament: Senate, Chamber of Dep-
uties.
Parliament: House of Lords, House of
Commons.
Federal Parliament: Senate, House of
Representatives.
Parliament: Senate, House of Com-
mons.
General Assembly: Legislative Coun-
cil, House of Representatives.
Parliament: Senate, House of Asseru-
Parliament: Senate, Chamber of Rep-
resentatives.
Congress: Senate, Chamber of Depu-
ties.
Sweden
do...
Switzerland . . .
Turkey
President
Sultan
United King-
dom of Great
Britain and
Ireland.
Australia. .
Canada
New Zea-
land.
South Af-
rica.
Uruguay
Venezuela
King
Governor Gen-
eral.
do
Governor
Governor Gen-
eral.
President
....do . .
GEOGRAPHIC NAMES, ETC.
Capitalize, singular or plural, when immediately following the name:
Aqueduct.
Archipelago.
Crater.
Creek.
Harbor.
Hill.
Ocean.
Parish (La.)
Run (stream).
Shoal.
Basin.
Dome.
Hollow.
Park.
Sound.
Beach.
Bend.
Branch (stream).
Draw (stream).
Flats.
Fork (stream).
Inlet.
Island.
Islet.
Passage.
Peninsula.
Plateau.
Township.
Tunnel.
Butte.
Gap.
Mesa.
Pond.
Canal.
Channel.
Glacier.
Group.
Mountain.
Narrows.
Range (mountain).
Reef.
County.
Gulch.
Nation (Okla.).
Ridge.
Capitalize, singular or plural, either before or after and when a part of the name:
Bay.
Bayou.
Camp (military).
Canyon.
Cape.
Dalles (The).
Desert.
Falls.
Fort.
Head.
Isle.
Lake.
Mount.
Oasis.
Pass.
Peak.
Point.
Port (but port of
New York).
River.
Sea.
Strait.
Valley.
Volcano.
EXAMPLES: Chesapeake Bay, Bay of Fundy, Massachusetts and Delaware Bays, Bays of Fundy
and Biscay, Delaware River and Bay, River Plata, etc. Use lower case for such an expression as
le valleys of Virginia and Maryland" (or a like one involving any other word in this list) as the
word ' valleys" in this sense Is the general use of the word and not part of a name.
KULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION.
25
Capitalize the following when standing alone and referring to the name in paren-
theses, also when used as adjectives:
Mall (in District of Columbia).
Monument (Washington Monument).
Museum (National Museum).
Peninsula (Spain).
Plains (Great Plains).
Plaza (Union Station Plaza).
Public Library (Carnegie Library, Washington,
D. C.).
Sound (Long Island; Puget).
Street (Wall Street, financial district of New York).
Avenue (Pennsylvania Avenue, Washing-
ton, D. C.).
Canal Zone (Panama).
Capes (Charles and Henry).
Delta (of the Mississippi River).
Falls (Niagara).
Gulf (of Mexico).
Highway Bridge (Washington, D. C.).
Isthmus (of Panama).
Lakes (Great Lakes).
Library (Library of Congress).
GEOLOGIC AGES, ETC.
The orthography, capitalization, compounding, and use of quotations shown in
the terms below should be followed in general work. It should be noted that
"Coal Measures" is a subdivision of the Carboniferous system; " Calcif erous "
and "Magnesian" are lithologic subdivisions of the Cambrian and Ordovician,
respectively; and "Red Beds" is used for Permo-Triassic rocks of the West; and
that these terms, if used in a common-noun. sense, are not capitalized or quoted.
The adjectives upper, middle, and lower, when used with Carboniferous or
Tertiary, are not to be capitalized unless the term is quoted (upper Carbonifer-
ous; "Upper Carboniferous"). Follow copy as to any of the preceding terms.
Acadian.
Algonkian.
Archean.
"Calciferous."
calciferous.
Cambrian:
Lower.
Middle.
pre-Cambrian.
Upper.
Carboniferous:
lower.
upper.
Cenozoic.
Cincinnatian.
"Coal Measures."
coal measures.
"Corniferous."
Cretaceous:
Lower.
Upper.
Devonian:
Lower.
Middle.
Upper.
Eocene:
lower.
middle.
upper.
Georgian,
glacial:
interglacial.
postglacial.
preglacial.
Jurassic:
Lower.
Middle.
Upper.
"Juratrias."
"Lignitic."
lignitic.
"Magnesian."
magnesian.
Mesozoic.
Miocene:
lower.
middle.
upper.
Mohawkian.
Neocene.
Oligocene:
lower.
middle.
upper.
Ordovician:
Lower.
Middle.
Paleozoic.
Permian.
" Permo-Carboniferous.
Pleistocene.
Pliocene:
post-Pliocene.
pre-Pliocene.
Proterozoic.
Quaternary.
Recent.
"Red Beds."
red beds.
Saratogan.
Silurian.
Tertiary.
Triassic:
Lower.
Middle.
Upper.
The scheme for the use of hyphens in petrographic terms is based on the single
principle that like names are connected by a hyphen and unlike names are not.
The names used in such terms are of four classes (a) rock names, (6) mineral
names, (c) textural names, and (d) names expressing the kind of clastic aggregation.
Any two or more names of either class are connected by a hyphen; others are not.
The principal names of classes c and d are as follows: (c) Felsophyre, gneiss,
porphyry, schist, vitrophyre; (d) agglomerate, breccia, conglomerate, sand, tuff.
The subjoined examples will serve to illustrate the principle:
biotite gneiss,
diabase-gabbro.
glaucophane schist,
granite gneiss,
hornblende-mica andesite.
latite-phonolite.
leucite granite porphyry,
mica diorite porphyry,
olivine-augite andesite.
orthoclase gabbro-diorite.
pyroxene-mica diorite.
quartz-biotite-garnet gneiss.
quartz-mica latite.
quartz monzonite porphyry,
quartz-tourmaline porphyry,
syenite-pegmatite.
GOVERNMENT. Capitalize when referring to the United States Government or
to foreign Governments, as the Government of the United States, the Japanese
Government, the Canadian Government, National and State Governments, etc.,
the Governments of the United States and England, the two Governments, the
Governments of Europe, the Government, Government control, Government
employee, Government ownership, etc. Lower-case in the abstract sense, as
this Government is a government, the reins of government, the seat of govern-
ment, etc.; referring to a State of the United States, the State government.
HEADINGS. Display headings should be all capitals unless otherwise indicated.
LOWER OR UPPER. Capitalize when part of a proper name, as Lower California
(Mexico), Lower Egypt, Lower (or Upper) Peninsula of Michigan; but lower-
case lower (or upper) peninsula unaccompanied by name; also when used merely
as a descriptive word, as lower Mississippi, etc.
26 EULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION.
MEMBERS OF CONGRESS. Capitalize, singular or plural, when referring to a
Senator, Representative, Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner in the
Congress of the United States.
NATION. Capitalize when used as a synonym for the United States; also in referring
to a geographic subdivision of Oklahoma, singular or plural, when immediately
preceded by name, as Creek Nation, etc.; also, singular or plural, with names of
any of the Five Civilized Tribes; otherwise lower-case.
NATIONAL. Capitalize when preceding any word that is capitalized, as National
Government; also National and State Governments and National Capital; other-
wise lower-case, as the national spirit.
NAVY. Capitalize the same as Army; also its organizations, including Marine Corps,
but lower-case navy yard, navy-yard employees, etc. (See also Army, p. 22.)
NUMBERS USED AS NAMES. Capitalize when a part of a name of an organiza-
tion, or as a title that is capitalized, as First Regiment, Twelfth Census, Charles
the First; Document Numbered One hundred and twenty, One hundred and
tenth Street; otherwise lower-case, as second district, fifth ward, tenth precinct.
PRESIDENT. Capitalize; also any synonymous title referring to the President of
the United States, as Chief Magistrate, Commander in Chief, Executive, His
Excellency, etc. Lower-case presidential.
PROVINCE. Capitalize when used as a synonym for State and the Provinces of the
Philippine Islands, as the Province of Manila, Province of Ontario, the Province,
etc. Lower-case provincial.
RESERVATION OR RESERVE. Capitalize when immediately following the name
of a forest, military, or Indian reservation or reserve, singular or plural; but
lower-case Fort Leaven worth hay reservation, etc.
ROMAN NUMERALS, ETC.
Capitalize the terms used with Roman numerals as titles, as Chapter XV, Section
II, Plate VI, Group IV, etc.
When not a title, or when other than Roman numerals are used, lower-case, as
abstract B, section A (of a land plat, etc.), group A, station B (in surveying or
like work), class 1, class A, volume 1, chapter 1, etc.
SCIENTIFIC NAMES. Capitalize the names of genera, families, orders, etc., as the
17-year locust or periodical cicada [the insect], Cicada septendecim [the first the
name of the genus, the second the name of the species], belongs to the family
Cicadidse. Always lower-case the name of the species.
SOCIETIES, UNIONS, ETC. Capitalize when immediately associated with name,
as Bos on Medical Society, Society of the Cincinnati, Columbia and Baltimore
Typographical Unions, etc.
SOLDIERS' HOME. Capitalize when name is given, as Soldiers' Home (in the Dis-
trict of Columbia only), the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers,
Central Branch, Eastern Home, Iowa and Ohio Soldiers' Homes, Soldiers' Home
of Ohio, etc. Lower-case home and branch standing alone.
STATE.
Capitalize the same as Government.
Capitalize State's attorney, State's evidence; but lower-case such expressions as
affairs of state, church and state, secretary of state of Indiana; also the words
"statehood," "statehouse."
Lower-case sections of States, as east Illinois, western Kansas, east Tennessee, etc.
STATION. Capitalize when immediately following the name of a life-saving, mili-
tary, or naval station of the United States; also Station A or South Side Station,
Substation No. 24, Broad Street Station, Union Depot, Union Station, etc.
STREETS, ETC. Capitalize such terms as alley, avenue, circle, court, lane, place,
road, street, and square, singular or plural, when with the name.
TERRITORY OR TERRITORIAL. Capitalize when referring to any organized Ter-
ritory of the United States, singular or plural. See also Foreign Governments,
p. 23.
THE. Capitalize when a part of a name, as The Hague, The Dalles (Oreg.), The
Weirs (N. H.), etc.; certain geographic formations, as The Buttes (in Sutter
County, Cal.), etc.; The Bronx, The Adjutant General (authorized by law).
Lower-case the Netherlands. (See also Court style, p. 51, and Correct
Orthography of Geographic Names, 46.)
KULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION. 27
TITLES OF BOOKS, HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS, QUOTATIONS, ETC.
Capitalize the principal words of a title, as The Chasm of the Colorado, painted
by Thomas Moran; Twelfth Night, a play written by William Shakespeare.
Quote and capitalize the principal words of a title when introduced thus: A book
entitled "The House of the Seven Gables."
Capitalize historical documents, as Declaration of Independence, Constitution
(United States), Articles of Confederation (United States), Bill of Rights,
Magna Charta.
Capitalize short titles, as Bancroft's History, Brown's Grammar.
Capitalize Government documents, reports, etc., as Document No. 2, Report No. 8,
but lower-case document and report standing alone; Articles of War, the sixty-
second article of war; Book of Estimates, the estimates; Revised Statutes, Stat-
utes at Large, referring to the laws of the United States and also to those of any
State; the New York Code; the District Code, referring to the Code of Laws for
the District of Columbia; Supplement to the Revised Statutes; Journal (House
or Senate) ; calendar when with the name of one of the House calendars, as Union
Calendar, etc.; the Senate Calendar; Private and Union Calendars; Coast Pilot;
Nautical Almanac.
Capitalize Bible, Biblical, Scriptures, Scriptural, etc.; but gospel only when refer-
ring to one of the four memoirs of Jesus Christ contained in the New Testament.
Capitalize the first word and proper nouns only of titles of articles in books, mag-
azines, and newspapers when referred to in text, and quote: "A story of life in
New Orleans during the Mexican War."
Capitalize the first word of direct and indirect quotations: (1) Pope said, "Praise
undeserved is scandal in disguise"; (2) The question is, Shall the bill pass?
Place all points (and three stars when used at end of quoted matter) inside the
quotation marks: "John B. * * *." "Is this plain? * * *." "I was
going to * * *."
Poetry should be aligned on the left, lines which rhyme taking the same inden-
tion. When quotations occur at the beginning of a line, they should clear.
TITLES OF NOBILITY, COURTESY, ETC.
Capitalize the Prince of Wales, Archbishop of Canterbury, Bishop of India, Duke
of Argyle, Count of Flanders, Edward Earl of Dorset, etc.
The prepositions "d'," "da," "de," "della," "di," "!'," "van," "von," etc.,
in names from foreign languages, when preceded by a forename, a title of nobil-
ity, a professional title, or one of courtesy, should be lower-cased; as Charles
de Ble", Cardinal da Ponte, Marquis de Lafayette, Mr. de Thou, M. d'Orbigny,
Senor da Yznaga, Gen. della Santa Maria, Dr. d'Ouvillier, Capt. di Cesnola,
Admiral van Tromp, Count von Moltke, etc.
Prepositions in names from foreign languages, without a forename, a title of nobil-
ity, a professional title, or one of courtesy, such as "van" in Dutch, "von" in
German, "de" or "d' " in French, or "da," "della," or "di" in Italian, should
be capitalized; as Van Tromp, Von Humboldt, De Thou, D'Orsay, Da Ponte,
Delia Crusca, Di Cesnola.
Capitalize titles in the second person only when used as synonyms of proper names:
You will go, Major, to New York; I am, General, yours, etc.
TOWNSHIP. Capitalize immediately following the name, singular or plural; lower-
case preceding a number, as township 14 north, etc.
TRADE NAMES. Capitalize the distinguishing name of a manufactured product,
as Eagle pencil, Stickwell paste, Seller's typewriter, Pears' soap, Ceres flour,
etc. In trade names of preparations, etc., capitalize the principal words, as
Quaker Oats, Force, Sapolio, Shredded Wheat, Bon Ami, Puffed Rice, etc. (See
also p. 22.)
TREASURY AND SUBTREASURY. Referring to the United States Treasury, cap-
italize the General Treasury, Independent Treasury, the National Treasury, the
Public Treasury, the Treasury, Treasury notes, Treasury official, the New York
Sub treasury, the Sub treasury.
UNITED STATES, SECTIONS OF.
Capitalize the terms East, West, North, South, Middle West, Central West, North-
west, Southwest, Pacific Coast States, etc.
Capitalize the terms added to groups of States, as North Atlantic, South Atlantic,
Middle Atlantic, Gulf, Middle, Central, Western, Northwestern, and South-
western; but lower-case a term prefixed to any of the foregoing, as eastern Gulf
States, eastern North Atlantic States, etc.; also southern planters, southwestern
stock growers, eastern manufacturers, western farmers, etc.
28
RULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION.
GUIDE TO CAPITALIZATION.
The following list will serve as a guide to
as complete. This capitalization applies to
Act. when used with proper name, as Bowman Act,
Aldrich-Payne Tariff Act, Morrill Acts, etc., or
Tucker and Bowman Acts.
Acting, when preceding any title that is capital-
ized, as Acting Secretary of State, etc.
Actuary of the Treasury,
administration, Taft, etc.
Admiral (of the Navy).
Admiralty (British).
Admiralty, Lords of the.
Agency, Chippewa, etc. (Indian only).
Ages, Dark, Golden (only when meaning Golden
Age of Pericles), Middle.
Agriculture, Department of: Chemist, Editor,
Entomologist, Forester, Librarian, Solicitor,
amendments to the Constitution, as fourteenth
amendment.
American Federation of Labor.
American National Red Cross.
Ancient Free and Accepted Masons.
Antarctic ice.
Antarctica, the.
Appendix A, 1; the appendix,
appropriation bill: Agriculture; Army; Diplomatic
and Consular; District of Columbia; fortifica-
tions; general deficiency; Indian; legislative,
executive, and judicial; Military Academy;
naval; pensions; Post Office; rivers and har-
bors; sundry civil; urgent deficiency.
Aqueduct, Washington, etc.
Aqueduct Bridge. '
Archipelago, Philippine, etc.
Architect of the Treasury, of the Capitol; the
architect. ^
Arctic Seas.
Arctics, the.
Armory, Springfield, etc.
Army:
Army (adjective, noun, and standing alone).
A and B Companies, Companies A and B.
Chief of Artillery, the chief.
Chief of Engineers, the chief.
Chief of Ordnance, the chief.
Chief Quartermaster Corps, the chief.
Chief of Staff, the chief.
Chief Signal Officer, the chief.
colonel of Cavalry, etc.
Confederate (referring to Confederacy of the
South), the Confederates.
Continental, all forms.
Department of the East, the department.
First Brigade, the brigade.
General Commanding the.
General of the.
General Staff.
General Staff Corps.
Gun Factory.
Headquarters of the; headquarters First Regi-
ment.
Inspector General.
Judge Advocate General.
Major General Commanding the.
Medical Museum.
Paymaster General.
Quartermaster Corps.
Regulations, Army regulation 56.
Revolutionary (American, French, British).
Secend and Third Regiments, etc.
service.
Staff Corps.
Surgeon General.
The Adjutant General (formerly The Military
Secretary).
War College.
Arsenal, Rock Island, etc.
Articles of Confederation (United States).
Articles of War, sixty-second article of war.
Artillery School (United States).
Asiatic Station (naval).
Assembly, New York; the assembly.
Assistant (when before any title which is capital-
ized).
Associate Justice (United States Supreme Court).
Associated Press.
capitalization, but should not be regarded
plural forms also.
Astrophysical Observatory.
Atlantic Coast States.
Atlantic slope, coast, seaboard, and torpedo flotilla.
Attorney General.
Auditor for the State and Other Departments.
Auditor for the War Department, the Second
Auditor, etc. ; the auditor.
Bad Lands (South Dakota and Nebraska).
Band, Eastern, etc., of Cherokee.
Bank, First National, etc.
Barracks, Vancouver, Washington, Marine (Dis-
trict of Columbia), but the barracks, A bar-
racks, B barracks, etc.
Battery, the (New York City).
Battle of Gettysburg, Waterloo, the Wilderness,
etc., but battle at Gettysburg, etc.
Bethlehem Iron Works.
Bible, Biblical, Scriptures, etc.
bill, Tillman.
Bill of Rights (historic document).
Black Hand (organization).
B'nai B'rith.
Board:
board (standing alone).
Crop Reporting.
General (of Engineers).
Naval Examining.
Naval Retiring.
of Charities (District of Columbia).
of Engineers.
of Food and Drug Inspection.
of General Appraisers.
of Indian Commissioners.
of Managers of the Soldiers' Home.
of Ordnance and Fortification.
of Pension Appeals.
of Regents; Regents (Smithsonian).
of Trade of Philadelphia, Philadelphia Board
of Trade, etc.; the board of trade.
of Underwriters (New York).
of Visitors (Annapolis and West Point).
Taft, etc.
the Lighthouse (now Bureau of Lighthouses).
United States Geographic.
Book, Good Book (synonym for Bible); First
Book of Samuel, etc., books of the Bible.
Book of Estimates, the estimates.
Borough (New York), Brooklyn, of The Bronx (The
Bronx, standing alone), Manhattan, Richmond,
Queens.
Botanic Garden (National).
Bridge, Cabin John; M Street; but a Pennsylvania
Railroad bridge.
Brigadier General Commandant (Marine Corps).
Building, Winder, Treasury, Colorado, Atlantic, etc.
Business Men's League.
Cabinet, the.
Cabinet officer.
Calendar, Senate, House, Private, Calendar No. 99,
Calendar for Unanimous Consent, etc.; the
calendar.
Calendar of Bills and Resolutions.
Canal Zone (Isthmian), the zone.
Capital (Washington, D. C.).
Capitol, the, and its parts (Chamber, Hall, Statu-
ary Hall, Hall of Fame, Halls, meaning Hall of
the House and Chamber of the Senate); Capitol
Grounds, Capitol police.
Cemetery, Oak Hill; Arlington National Cemetery,
but national cemetery at Arlington.
Census Bulletin No. 420.
Census, Twelfth, Thirteenth, etc.
central Asia.
century, as twentieth century.
Chair (when personified).
Chairman of the Committee of the Whole (House of
Representatives), the Chairman (only when
above chairman is meant).
Chamber, the (Senate).
Chamber of Commerce of Boston, Boston Cham-
ber of Commerce, the chamber of commerce.
Cherokee Strip or Outlet.
RULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION.
29
Chicago Sanitary District.
Chief (when used with name of a Government
bureau, etc.), the chief.
Chief Constructor (Navy).
Chief Intelligence Officer (Navy).
Chief Justice (United States Supreme Court).
Chief Magistrate (the President).
Chief of the Bureau of, etc.
Chief of the Record and Pension Division.
Chinese Six Companies.
Christendom.
Christian, Christianity, Christianize.
Church (when name is given, referring to building,
congregation, or sect).
Circle, Arctic, Iowa, etc.; but great circle.
cis-Atlantic, etc.
City (when part of corporate name, also the follow-
ing):
City of Mexico.
New York City.
Washington City.
Coast Pilot (book).
Code, the Mississippi, the District, etc.; the code.
College, Columbia, etc.
Colonials (of colonial times).
Colonies (the original group).
Columbia Institution for the Deaf.
Columbia Typographical Union, No. 101; Typo-
graphical Union 101; Local Union 35.
Commission:
commission (standing alone).
Alaskan Boundary Delimitation.
California De'bris/
Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Mil-
itary Park.
Civil Service.
District (District of Columbia).
Electoral.
Gettysburg National Military Park.
Immigration. Joint Congressional.
International Lake Levels.
International, of Archaeology and Ethnology.
International Joint.
International Prison.
International Waterways.
Interstate Commerce.
Isthmian Canal.
Merchant Marine.
Mississippi River.
National Monetary.
National Waterways.
on Country Life.
Reciprocity.
Shiloh National Military Park.
Spanish Treaty Claims.
to Revise the Laws of the United States.
to the Philippine Islands.
United States and Mexican Water Boundary.
Vicksburg National Military Park,
commissioner (standing alone).
Commissioner General of Immigration.
Commissioner of Patents, to the Five Civilized
Tribes, etc.
Commissioners of the District of Columbia.
Commonwealth (synonym of State).
Comptroller:
comptroller (standing alone).
of the Currency.
o* the Treasury.
Confederacy (of the South)..
Confederate Army, soldier, States.
Congress, First, Second, etc.; the Congress (refer-
ring to the Congress of the United States).
Congress, Pan American, etc.; the congress,
congressional.
Congressional Directory.
Congressional Library.
Congressman.
Constitution (United States).
Continent, the (meaning Europe); otherwise lower-
case, except when with name.
Continental Army, Congress, Divide.
Continentals (Revolutionary times).
Convention:
Constitutional (United States, 1787).
Third Annual, of American Florists; the con-
vention.
convention, Republican national; not national Re-
publican convention.
Corps: corps (standing alone); Artillery; General
Staff; Hospital; Marine; Medical (or Depart-
ment); Nurse; of Cadets; of Engineers; of Judge
Advocates; Pay; Quartermaster; Signal.
Council, Choctaw, etc.; the council,
court, the (see also Court style, p. 51):
Circuit Court of the United States for the
Southern District of New York.
Commerce Court (United States),
court of appeals.
Court of Claims.
Court of Commissioners of Alabama Claims.
Court of Customs Appeals.
Court of Impeachment (the Senate).
Court of Private Land Claims.
Supreme Court (United States).
Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, etc. ;
the supreme court.
Court of St. James, etc.
Crown (referring to a ruler), Crown lands, etc.
Dalles, The.
Dam, Bohio, etc.; Dam 1, No. 1; Dams 1 and 2,
Nos. 1 and 2.
Declaration of Independence.
Delegate (in Congress).
Deputy (when preceding any capitalized title).
Director of the Geological Survey, Census, etc.; the
director,
district:
first assembly,
first congressional,
third lighthouse.
District of Alaska.
District of Columbia: Anacostia Flats; Avenue, the
(referring to Pennsylvania Avenue only); Botanic
Garden; District Jail, the jail; Library (of Con-
gress); Mall; Monument (Washington); Monu-
ment Grounds; Monument Lot; Museum
(National); Metropolitan police; Plaza (Union
Station); Potomac Flats; Public Library; White
Lot.
Division (United States Government, with name).
Du Pont Powder Works,
east Africa.
East Coast (Africa),
east Tennessee.
East Tennessee Bridge Burners.
East, the (section of the United States).
Eastern Continent, the continent.
Eastern Hemisphere.
Eastern Shore (of Maryland).
Electoral College, the electors.
Embassy, British, etc.; the embassy.
Engine No. 6, engine 6; Engine Company No. 6, No.
6 Engine Company.
Engineer Department.
Engineer in Chief (Navy).
Engineer officers, etc. (of Engineer Corps).
Equator, the.
Evangelical Alliance.
Executive (meaning President of the United States,
and also adjective form).
Executive Council (Porto Rico),
executive departments.
Executive Document No. 95.
Executive Mansion, Office.
Executive order (by the President).
Executive Order No. 34.
Exhibit A, B, etc.; 1, 2. etc.
Far East (the Orient); but far eastern, far West.
Father of his Country (Washington).
Federal (synonym for Government),
flag, the:
Old Flag.
Old Glory.
Stars and Stripes.
Star-Spangled Banner.
Fleet, Pacific, etc. (naval).
Form A. B, etc.; 1, 2, etc.
Forty-niner, an 9ld.
Freedman's Savings Bank.
Freedmen's Hospital,
friar lands.
Frisco (no apostrophe),
fuller's earth.
General Assembly (Presbyterian Church).
General Supply Committee (of the United States
Government).
30
RULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION.
gentile.
George V, but George the Fifth may be used.
Gold Coast (Africa).
gospel (but Gospel, referring to first four books of
the New Testament).
Government, British, etc.; Federal, General, Im-
perial, National, Royal.
government, seat of.
Government Hospital for the Insane.
governor.
Governor General (of Canada, Philippine Islands,
etc.).
Governor of Porto Rico.
Grand Army of the Republic.
Grand Army post, but Post No. 63, etc.
Great Basin, Great Divide, Great Plains.
haikwan tael.
headquarters, Washington's, etc.
Heaven (Deity), heaven (place).
Hemisphere, Eastern, Western; the hemisphere.
Her Majesty, His Majesty (ruler of a country).
High Church, -Churchism, -Churchist, -Chxarchman,
-Churchmanship .
High School, Central, etc.
Highway Bridge (Washington, D. C.).
Hill No. 1.
Hills Nos. 1 and 2.
His Excellency (meaning the ruler of a country).
His Excellency the Duke of Athol, etc.
his excellency the governor.
Historical periods:
Reformation, the.
Renaissance, the.
Restoration, the (English).
Revolution, the (American, 1775; French,
1789; English, 1688).
Revolution of July (French).
Holidays, etc.: Decoration or Memorial Day,
Fourth of July, Independence Day, Labor Day,
Washington's Birthday, Good Friday, Easter
Sunday, Inauguration Day, Thanksgiving Day,
Black Friday; but blue Monday.
Holy Writ (Bible),
hospital. Fifth Regiment, etc.
Hospital, Providence, etc.; the hospital.
House, Ebbitt, etc. (meaning a hotel).
House Office Building.
House of Representatives (official titles standing
alone):
Chairman (Committee of the Whole).
Chaplain.
Chief Clerk.
Clerk (of the House).
Doorkeeper.
Postmaster.
Reporter (the Official Reporter).
Sergeant at Arms.
Speaker.
Speaker pro tempore.
Hydrographer, the (Navy Department).
Hygienic Laboratory.
imperial edict.
independence, in the year of our independence.
Independent Catholic Church (Philippines).
Indians:
Absentee Shawnee.
Eastern (or Lower) Band of Cherokee.
Five Civilized Tribes.
Joseph's Band, etc.
Shawnee, etc., Tribe,
insular government,
island of Cuba.
Isthmian Canal.
Isthmus (Panama).
Jersey cattle.
Jim Crow.
Journal clerk.
Journal of the House or Senate.
Judge Advocate General (Army or Navy).
Krag-J6rgensen.
Ku-Klux Klan (organization).
Kwong 8ui, sixth year, ninth moon.
Latter-day Saints.
Legation, Chinese, etc.; the legation.
Legislature, National (United States Congress);
Ohio Legislature, etc.; the legislature.
Letters Patent No. 5.
Levant, the.
Librarian of Congress.
Library of Congress.
Lighthouse Board (now Bureau of Lighthouses),
Establishment, Service.
Light, Highland, etc.; the light, lighthouse, light
vessel.
Line, Cunard, etc. (steamship).
Lock 1, No. 1; Locks 1 and 2, Nos. 1 and 2.
Louisiana Purchase.
Low Church, -Churchism, -Churchist, -Churchman,
-Churchmanship.
lower House of Congress.
Magna Charta.
Marine Corps.
Mikado.
Military Academy (United States), the academy.
Militia:
militia (standing alone).
First Regiment Ohio.
Indiana.
Naval.
New York Naval Reserve.
of Ohio.
Organized.
Mint, Philadelphia, etc.; the mint.
Monroe doctrine.
National (when preceding capitalized name). (See
also National, p. 26.)
National Academy of Sciences.
National Bank Redemption Agency.
National Board of Health.
National Guard, Ohio, etc.; the National Guard;
the guard.
National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers.
National Legislature (United States Congress).
National Medical Museum.
National Park, Yellowstone, etc.
National Treasury.
National Woman Suffrage Association.
Naval Academy (United States); the academy.
Naval Asylum.
Naval Establishment.
Naval Gun Factory.
Naval Militia.
Naval Observatory.
Naval Reserves, the reserves,
naval station, Key West, Fla.; Newport (R. I.)
Naval Training Station, etc.
Naval War College, War College; the college.
Navy (adjective, noun, and standing alone). (See
also Navy, p. 26.)
Navy Yard (when preceded by name, as Brooklyn
Navy Yard, etc.).
Near East.
Negro (meaning the race).
New World.
Night Riders (organization).
North Atlantic Squadron.
North Pole.
North, the (section of the United States).
northerners.
Observatory:
observatory (standing alone).
Astrophysical, Naval.
United States.
Occident, the.
occidental.
Office: office (standing alone); Building (House or
Senate); Executive; General Land; Government
Printing; Hydrographic; Nautical Almanac; of
Experiment Stations ; of Indian Affairs; of Naval
Intelligence; of Naval War Records; of Public
Roads; of the Supervising Architect; Patent;
Pension; Record and Pension.
Official Reporter (Senate or House).
Old World.
Order of Business No. 56.
Ordnance Department.
Organized Militia.
Orient, the.
oriental customs.
orientals.
Pacific coast, slope, and seaboard.
Pacific Coast States.
RULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION.
31
Pan American Union, formerly International
Bureau of the American Republics.
Parish, Caddo, etc.; the parish.
Parliament (House of).
Pass, Passes, Head of Passes (Mississippi River).
Pay Department.
Paymaster General (Army or Navy).
Penitentiary, Albany, etc.; the penitentiary.
Pharisee.
Philippine Assembly, Commission, Constabulary,
Legislature; the commission, the constabulary.
Pilgrim Fathers, the Pilgrims, a Pilgrim (those
of 1620).
plaster of Paris.
Plaza, Union Station; the Plaza.
Pole, North, South; the pole.
Political parties, etc.: People's Party, Republican
Party, etc.; a Democrat, a Prohibitionist, a
Republican, a Boxer, etc.; Boxer movement.
Porto Rico Provisional Regiment, but Porto Rico
regiment.
Post Office Department.
Postal Savings System.
Postal Service.
Postal Union.
Postmaster General.
Presidency (office of ruler of a country),
presidential.
Printing Office (Government Printing Office).
Progressive Republican.
Proving Ground, etc.: Sandy Hook.
Public Land Strip.
Public, No. 37 (in text).
Public Printer, the printer.
Puritan.
Range, Coast, etc. (mountains).
Reform School of Distiict of Columbia, the re-
foimatory.
Refoimatory, Elmira, etc.; the reformatory.
Regent (Smithsonian Institution).
Register of the Treasury, the register,
reporters of the Senate or House (meaning other
than the Official Reporters).
Representative (in Congress).
Republic (same as Government).
Reseivation, Great Sioux, etc.
Resident Commissioner (Philippine Islands and
Porto Rico).
Revised Statutes.
Revolutionary (referring to the American, French,
and English Revolutions),
route No. 12466, mail route No. 1742, railway mail
route No. 1144.
royal command.
Rule XXI, rule 21.
Ruler of the universe.
Rules and Articles of War.
Sabbath, Sabbath Day.
School, Hayes, Girls' Reform, etc., also any service
school of the United States Army or Navy; the
school,
scribe.
Scriptures, New and Old Testaments (the Bible).
Secretary of State, etc. (United States); the Sec-
retary.
Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, to the
President; the secietaiy.
Senate (official titles standing alone):
Chaplain.
Chief Clerk.
Postmaster.
President of the.
President pro tempore.
Presiding Officer.
Reporter (the Official Reporter).
Secretary.
Sergeant at Arms.
Vice President.
Senator (in Congress); senatorial.
Sergeant at Arms (Senate or House).
Sermon on the Mount (Biblical).
Service: service (standing alone); City Delivery;
Consular; Diplomatic and Consular; Field (Gen-
eral Land Office); Foreign Mail; Forest; Immi-
gration; Indian; Internal-Revenue; Life-Saving;
Lighthouse; Parcel Post; Postal: Public Health;
Railway Mail; Reclamation; Revenue-Cutter;
Revenue-Marine; Rural (or Free) Delivery; Se-
cret (Treasury); Steamboat-Inspection.
Seventh-day Adventists.
Six Nations.
Smithsonian Institution, the Institution.
Solicitor for the Department of State, of Internal
Revenue, of the Treasury, of Commerce and
Labor.
Solicitor General (Department of Justice).
Son of man (Christ).
Sound, Albemarle, Pamlico, etc.; the sound; but
when referring to either Long Island or Puget
Sound, the Sound.
South, the (section of the United States).
southerners.
Southland, the.
Squadron, North Atlantic, etc.
Staked Plains.
States, North Atlantic, Middle, Gulf, etc.; but
western Gulf.
Statistical Abstract.
Statutes at Large.
Street, One hundred and tenth, etc.; the street, but
the Street (meaning Wall Street, New York).
Subsistence Department.
Superintendent (when with title of a Government
bureau or service):
superintendent (standing alone).
General Life-Saying Service.
of Public Buildings and Grounds,
of the Coast and Geodetic Survey.
of the Nautical Almanac,
of the Naval Observatory,
of the United States Capitol Building and
Grounds.
Supervising Architect, the architect (Treasury).
Supervising Inspector General, the (Steamboat-
Inspection Service).
Supplement to Revised Statutes.
Supreme Bench.
Surgeon General (Army, Navy, and Public Health
Service).
Survey (part of title of a Government bureau):
survey (standing alone).
Biological.
Board of Inspection and.
Coast and Geodetic.
Geological.
Lake,
surveyor general.
Table A, Table 1.
Term No., 625.
time, eastern, central, mountain, standard, etc.
trans-Atlantic.
Treasurer of the United States; Treasurer.
Treasurer, Assistant, of the United States; but as-
sistant treasurer at New York, etc.
Treasury, the.
Treasury notes, service.
Treasury Decisions, Regulations (books),
treaty of. Paris, etc.
Tropic of Cancer, of Capricorn,
tropical plants.
Tropics, the.
Trust, Steel, Whisky, etc.; the trust.
Union (when synonym for United States; also when
part of the name of a society, etc.).
Union Station, Union Passenger Station, etc.
United Press.
University, Howard, etc.; the university,
upper House of Congress.
War: Seven Years', of the Revolution, Revolution-
ary, Civil, between the States, of the Roses, etc.
War College Building.
ward 1, 2, etc.; first, second, etc.
Washington's Farewell Address.
West Coast (Africa).
West, the (section of the United States).
Western Hemisphere.
White Caps (organization).
White House: Blue Room, East Room, Red Room,
State Dining Room, the Blue and East Rooms.
Woman (National) Suffrage Association.
Woman's Christian Temperance Union.
X rays.
Young Women's Christian Association.
Zone: Canal, Free, Frigid, Temperate, etc.; the zone.
Zoological Park, the Zoo.
32
RULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION.
ABBREVIATIONS.
(See also Court style, p. 51; Figures, p. 34; Tabular work, p. 36.)
BILLS, RESOLUTIONS, DOCUMENTS, AND REPORTS. The following abbre-
viations should be used when in parentheses. Notice different forms for Senate
and House bills.
H. R. 416 for House bill (H. R. 416 or House
bill 416, as written).
S. 116 for Senate bill (S. 116 or Senate bill
116, as written).
H. Res. 5 for House resolution (simple).
H. Con. Res. 10 for House concurrent reso-
lution.
H. J. Res. 21 for House joint resolution.
S. Res. 50 for Senate resolution.
S. Con. Res. 17 for Senate concurrent resolution.
S. J. Res. 45 for Senate joint resolution.
H. Doc. No. 35 for House Document No. 35.
S. Doc. No. 62 for Senate Document No. 62.
H. Rept. No. 214 for House Report No. 214.
S. Rept. No. 410 for Senate Report No. 410.
Ex. Doc. No. 20 for Executive Document No. 20.
Misc. Doc. No. 16 for Miscellaneous Document
No. 16.
CHRISTIAN NAMES. Spell out well-known Christian names, except in signatures.
When Christian names are abbreviated, use the forms Danl., Edwd., Saml.,
Thos., etc., without an apostrophe. This rule of abbreviation to apply in all
cases except "fol. lit." Alex, Ben, Ed, Fred, and Sam are not always abbrevia-
tions, and copy should be followed as regards periods.
CLOCK TIME. When immediately connected with figures, use a. m., m., and p. m.
COMPASS DIRECTIONS. When abbreviated, use the regular forms, E., W., etc.
In compound terms, close up, as SE., NNW., etc.
CONGRESS, ETC. In parentheses: Cong, for Congress, as 61st Cong.; sess. for ses-
sion, as 1st sess. (Note punctuation, as 61st Cong., 3d sess.; 3d sess. 61st Cong.)
DEGREES. Express in figures and use degree mark, as 75, 75 F., etc. This is to
apply to latitude, longitude, temperature, angles, dips, strikes, and polariscopic
tests.
FIRM NAMES, ETC.
Use &, Bro., Bros., Co., (Ltd.), (Inc.), and (Corp.) in all cases in firm or corporate
names.
Atlantic & Pacific Telegraph Co.
Brown & Jones Mining & Milling Co.
Good & Sweet & Co.
Johnston & Oleson Co.
Jones Bros. & Co.
Maryland Steamship Co. (Ltd.).
Merchants & Miners' Transportation Co.
Pennsylvania Railroad Co.
Rudolph & West Co.
Smith & Bro.
Washington & Norfolk Steamboat Co.
Washington Flour & Feed Co.
Washington Gas Light Co.
Wells, Fargo & Co.
Use "and" in literary, artistic, scientific, and similar companionships:
Cuvier and Valenciennes. Hay and Nicolay. Smith and De Koven.
LATITUDE, ETC. In parentheses, use lat. for latitude and long, for longitude when
with figures.
MISCELLANEOUS TERMS.
When abbreviated, use the forms here given:
A. M. (anno mundi) for in the year of the
world.
b. o. for buyer's option.
B. t. u. for British thermal units.
o. c. for cubic centimeter; but use cc and cm
(no period) in Bureau of Chemistry work,
o. i. f. for cost, insurance, and freight.
C. Cls. for Court of Claims.
C. Cls. R. for Court of Claims Reports,
cf. for compare.
c. p. a. for certified public accountant.
C. S. A. lor Confederate States of America.
C. S. Army for Confederate States Army.
d. b. n. c. t. a. for de bonis non cum testa-
mento annexo.
e. g. for exempli gratia.
etc. for et cetera, and so forth, and &c.
feet b. m. lor feet board measure, when with
figures.
f . a. s. for free alongside,
f. o. b. for free on board.
f for folio, 4 for quarto, 8 for octavo.
ib., ibid., for ibidem (in the same place).
id. for idem (the same).
kw. (kilowatt).
loc. cit. for loco citato (in the place cited).
MS., MSS., for manuscript and manuscripts.
n. e. s. for not elsewhere specified.
nol-pros (v.) for nolle prosequi.
nolle-pros (n.).
non-pros for non prosequitur.
O. K., O. K'd, O. K.ing.
op. cit. for opere citato (works cited).
per cent (omitting period) for per centum,
q. v. (quod vide) for which see.
sec.-ft. for second-feet.
ser. for series.
sp. gr. for specific gravity.
ss for scilicet, as Essex County, ss (no period).
St., SS. for Saint and Saints.
U. S. A. for United States of America.
U. S. Army for United States Army.
v. for versus ("against" if copy).
viz (omitting period) for videlicet.
Port and Mount should not be abbreviated.
KULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION.
33
MONEY. English money, 2 4s. 6d.; $2 gold; $2.50 United States currency; $3.50
Mexican; r for peso. Copy editors should indicate when abbreviations of other
foreign money are to be used. (See also Values of foreign coins, p. 114.)
MONTHS.
Spell in text and indexes (except in Congressional Record Index and when used
as a citation in parentheses or brackets and followed by day of month), but in
all other cases, tabular and leader work, footnotes, cut-in notes, and side notes,
when followed by day of month, use:
Jan. for January.
Feb. for February.
Mar. for March.
Apr. for April.
Aug. for August.
Sept. for September.
Oct. for October.
Nov. for November.
Dec. for December.
May, June, and July should not be abbreviated.
NUMBER. When preceding figures, use the forms "No." or "Nos."
PUBLIC LANDS.
Copy editors should indicate when the following terms are to be abbreviated (note
caps, punctuation, and use of plural in the following examples): (1) N. NE.
sec. 1, T. 2 N., R. 3 W.; fractional sees. 2 and 3, Tps. 4 and 5 N., Rs. 6 and 7 W
and lot 6, NE. sec. 4, T. 6 N., R. 1 W., of the Indian meridian. (2) N. sec. 20,
T. 7 N., R. 2 W. of the sixth principal meridian.
When fractions are spelled in land descriptions, use half and quarter, not one-half
and one-quarter.
RAILROADS. When the words "railroad" and "railway" are abbreviated, use
R. R. for railroad and Ry. for railway. (For titles of roads and forms of abbre-
viation see pp. 121-122.)
REFERENCES AND CITATIONS. In parentheses, footnotes, cut-in notes, side
notes, and tables use capital letter with Roman numerals, except in the case of
p. or pp., observing the following forms:
pi. or pis. for plate or plates,
pt. or pts. for part or parts,
q. or qq. for question or questions,
sec. or sees, for section or sections,
paragraph or paragraphs. vol. or vols. for volume or volumes.
SOVEREIGNS. Names of sovereigns are expressed in this manner: George V,
Charles I, etc., no period being used after Roman numeral. When prepared to
spell out, use this form: George the Fifth, Charles the First, etc.
STATES AND TERRITORIES.
Abbreviate after city, town, village, Indian agency, armory, arsenal, barrack,
county, fort, navy yard, reservation (forest, Indian, or military), reserve or
station (military or naval), cape, island, mountain, river, or any other geographic
term when the name is given:
art. or arts, for article or articles,
ch. or chs. for chapter or chapters,
fig. or figs, for figure or figures,
p. or pp. for page or pages,
par. or pars, for
Ala. for Alabama.
Ariz, for Arizona.
Ark. for Arkansas.
Gal. for California.
Colo, for Colorado.
Conn, for Connecticut.
Del. for Delaware.
D. C. for District of Columbia.
Fla. for Florida.
Ga. for Georgia.
111. for Illinois.
Ind. for Indiana.
Ind. T. for Indian Territory
(now Oklahoma).
Kans. for Kansas.
Ky. for Kentucky.
La. for Louisiana.
Me. for Maine.
Md. for Maryland.
Mass, for Massachusetts.
Mich, for Michigan.
Minn, for Minnesota.
Miss, for Mississippi.
Mo. for Missouri.
Mont, for Montana.
Nebr. for Nebraska.
Nev. for Nevada.
N. H. for New Hampshire.
N. J. for New Jersey.
N. Mex. for New Mexico.
N. Y. for New York.
N. C. for North Carolina.
N. Dak. for North Dakota.
Okla. for Oklahoma.
Oreg. for Oregon.
Pa. for Pennsylvania.
P. I. for Philippine Islands.
P. R. for Porto Rico.
R. I. for Rhode Island.
S. C. for South Carolina.
S. Dak. for South Dakota.
Tenn. for Tennessee.
Tex. for Texas.
Vt. for Vermont.
Va. for Virginia.
Wash, for Washington.
W. Va. for West Virginia.
Wis. for Wisconsin.
Wyo. for Wyoming.
Alaska, Guam, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Ohio, Samoa, and Utah should not be
abbreviated.
STATUTES. References in parentheses, footnotes, cut-in notes, side notes, and
tables: Rev. Stat. for Revised Statutes; Supp. Rev. Stat. for Supplement to the
Revised Statutes;_Stat. L. for Statutes at Large (but R. S., Stat., Stats., or
Stat. L. if so written). Use the foregoing abbreviations for States in State
statutes. British statutes: 34 and 35 Viet., 74; 1 Geo. V, 25.
97724 13 3
34 RULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION.
STREETS. When referring to Washington, D. C., or cities of like plan, use the
forms: First Street NW., Four-and-a-half Street SW., Florida Avenue NE.,
Seventh Street SW., etc. Spell out First Street east, Third Street west, R Street
north, M Street south, etc. (See also Tabular work, p. 36.)
TEMPERATURES, ETC.
V. for Fahrenheit; C. for centigrade; Gel. for Celsius; R. for Reaumur; B. for Baume*;
Twad. for Twaddell.
Use degree marks, as 10 F., 2 R., etc.
TITLES.
Military, naval, and civil titles given in the following list, when preceding the
name, whether Christian name be given or not, should be abbreviated as
follows:
Adjt. Hosp. Sergt. Messrs, or MM. for mes- Right Rev. for right rev-
Adjt. Gen. Hosp. Steward. sieurs. erend.
Asst. Surg. Insp. Gen. Ord. Sergt. for ordnance Second Lieut.
Brig. Gen. Judge Advocate Gen. sergeant. Second Sergt.
Bvt. for brevet. Lieut. Orderly Sergt. Sergt.
Capt. Lieut. Col. Passed Asst. Surg. Sergt. Maj.
Col. Lieut. Commander. Paymaster Gen. Supt. for superintend-
Com. Sergt. for com- Lieut. Gen. Prof, for professor. ent.
missary sergeant. Lieut. Gov. for lieutenant Pvt. for private. Surg.
Corpl. governor. Q. M. Gen. Surg. Gen.
Dr. for doctor. Lieut. (Junior Grade). Q. M. Sergt. Surg. Maj.
First Lieut. M. for monsieur. Rev. for reverend. Third Lieut. Engineers.
Gen. for general. Maj. Right Hon. for right hon- Very Rev. for very rev-
Gov. for governor. Maj. Gen. orable. erend.
Hon. for honorable.
Following surname:
Esq. for esquire. . Fellowships: F. R. S. for Fellow of the Royal
jr. for junior. Society, etc.
sr. for senior.
Degrees conferred by colleges, etc.: LL. D.
for doctor of laws; M. A. for master of
arts, etc.
Orders of chivalry: K. C. B. for Knight Com-
mander of the Bath.
Use 2d, 3d, etc., for second, third, etc.
UNITED STATES. Abbreviate when preceding the name of a Government vessel,
as U. S. S. Brooklyn (any other designation than "ship" or "steamer" should
be spelled, as U. S. monitor Nantucket)', also in footnotes, cut-in notes, side notes,
tables, and citations in parentheses when preceding Army or Navy or any organ-
ization thereof, or the name of a department, bureau, commission, service, etc.,
of the Government.
FIGURES.
Specific rules that will govern in all cases as to what should be expressed in figures
and what should be spelled can not be given. General rules, which will serve as a
guide, follow:
Spell all amounts under 10, except enumerations of weight, measure, distance,
clock time, money, percentage, degrees, votes, proportion, stocks and bonds, and
age; but use figures in groups of enumerations when any one enumeration is 10 or
more. Treat alike all numbers in connected groups. Duration of time should be in
figures, subject to the provision governing amounts above or below 10 or occurring
in groups. (See also Leader work, p. 40, and Reading columns, p. 39.)
In congressional bills, resolutions, and amendments to the same, sums of money
should be expressed in figures.
To avoid confusion when two numbers occur together, as "10 12-room houses,"
"12 6-inch guns," etc., observe the following forms in treatment of qualifying num-
bers: "Ten 12-room houses," "twelve 6-inch guns," etc.
Spell figures beginning a sentence or immediately following a colon, except in
tables, or when ordinal numbers occur at the beginning of paragraphs or sentences
in certain cases.
Ordinal numbers: 1. The earth is round. (2) "The sun do move." But when
copy reads "1st," etc., spell: First. The moon is not green cheese.
Spell both numbers of two related amounts at the beginning of a sentence in such
expressions as ' ' Twenty to twenty-five horses, " " Fifty or sixty persons were present, ' '
etc.
Numbers greater than 1,000, when spelled, should be expressed thus: One thou-
sand eight hundred and fifty dollars, not eighteen hundred and fifty dollars; one
thousand two hundred tons, not twelve hundred tons.
Serial numbers, including years, in which the comma is omitted, when spelled,
should be expressed as twelve hundred and six, etc.
RULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION. 35
Spell numbers mentioned by way of illustration or in connection with serious
and dignified subjects, as follows:
In nine hundred and ninety-nine cases out of every thousand.
The Twelve Apostles.
The Seven Sages of Greece.
The thirteen original States.
But, proportion of 1 to 4; 1 : 62,500 (note equal space each side of colon).
Years and sums of $1 or over should be expressed in figures at beginning of ques-
tions or answers in testimony. Observe the following forms:
Q. In what year was that? A. 1906.
Q. 1906? A. Yes, sir.
Q. What was the amount involved? A. $101.50.
Q. How much was the sum? A. $5 (or $15, $67).
Q. How many Indians? A. Fifty Indians.
Q. How many did you say? A. Fifty or sixty.
AGE. My age is 52 years and 6 months; a boy 6 years old; a boy about 6 years old;
3-year-old colt; 3-months-old child; wine 8 years old; wine 4 or 5 years old.
BONDS AND STOCKS. Gold is 109; Metropolitan Railroad, 109; 5-20 bonds; 10-40
bonds; 7. 30 bonds; 3.65 bonds; 4per cent bonds; 3 per cent bonds; 3^percents.
When the word "bonds" does not follow the designating expression, spell out,
as five-twenties, ten-forties, three-sixty-fives, four-and-a-halfs, threes, etc.
CLOCK TIME. Use period to separate hours and minutes, as 4.30 p. m.; 4 o'clock
and 30 minutes p. m.; half past 4. In scientific work, 4 h 30* 1 ; 4 h .5 or 4.5 h , as
indicated.
DATES.
June 29, A. D. 1882; December 6, 1846; the 1st of January, 1883; June 12; the
5th instant; the 20th day of March; the 1st (day) of the month; the last of April
or the first of May; 4th of July (calendar day); Fourth of July (holiday).
Spell such expressions as "the early seventies," "it occurred in the eighties."
When a fiscal year or a year extending into the following year is intended, use
an en dash and contract, except 1900-1901, as 1875-76, 1801-2 (this applies to
dates only; in page folios, etc., repeat the number in full); if a period of more
than two years is intended, do not contract, as 1875-1879, 1895-1904; if two or
more separate years are intended, use comma, as 1894, 1895; 1873, 1876; 1888,,
1891, 1894.
DECIMALS. Use figures for decimals and supply cipher when there is no unit, as
0.25; 20 ounces of silver, 0.900 fine; it costs $0.3365 per pound; scrap, at 0.75
cent per pound; referring to caliber of small arms, .30 caliber, .45-caliber Spring-
field rifle, distinguishing, however, when used to describe the length of a gun,
as a 6-inch rapid-fire rifle, 50 calibers.
DEGREES, ETC. Longitude 77 04' 06" E., latitude 49 26' 14" N.; a polariscopic
test of 85; 45.5 below zero; an angle of 57; 25'.5 or 25.5', as written.
DIMENSIONS. Use the form 8 by 12 inches in text, not 8 x 12 inches nor 8 x 12".
DISTANCES. Express in figures, as 50 miles, 17 yards, 8 leagues, 9 centimeters, 5
feet 6 inches, about 10 miles; but when a fraction of a mile is given spell, as one-
half mile.
ENUMERATIONS.
Use figures for all enumerations of weights and measures.
In such examples as the following use figures unless under 10, but all the enumer-
ations should be in figures in a group where any one enumeration is 10 or more:
There were 20 males and 25 females, 45 in all; six horses; 10 horses; 6 horses, 5 cows,
and 26 head of sheep; 25 bulletins, containing 352 pages; the population of
Chicago is more than 2,000,000; a hamlet of 18 persons; a 6-footer. When com-
plicated spell, as twenty-five 6-inch guns, two f-inch boards, five 5-cent pieces,
seven 8-hour days, etc.
Spell such expressions as the following: Between two and three hundred horses,
forty -odd people, one hundred and odd men (not 100 odd men); the population
is forty or fifty thousand.
FRACTIONS. Spell common fractions when alone. When J is marked "spell, " use
"one-fourth." If written "one-quarter," do not change, except to secure uni-
formity. (See also Compound and noncompound words, p. 92.)
MEASURES. Use figures in all cases, as 40 bushels, 1 gallon, 6 acres, etc.
46 RULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION.
ORTHOGRAPHY, ETC.
Webster's New International Dictionary (1910) should generally be followed in
spelling, compounding, and dividing words. The Standard and Century Diction-
aries are also used as works of reference. In spelling, follow Webster unless a
different form is here given.
In the following list will be found preferred forms as well as the treatment of a
number of terms in general use:
afterwards. dato. misfire.
aftward. disk. Pan American.
agriculturist. draft. peas (plural form).
aluminum. drought. plat (ground).
among or amongst. eolian. program.
anemia. embed. reconnoissance.
asbestos. employee. reenfprced (again put into effect
awhile (adv.). fabrikoid. or in force).
blond. Filipino reinforced (construction work).
bowlder. flareback shellac.
briquet. fluorspar. shellacked.
candlepower. foodstuff. sirup.
can not. fuse. sometime (adv.).
canyon. gypsy. sloyd.
carabao (singular or plural). horsepower. thrash.
clew. Igorot. tonsillitis.
clue (hint to mystery). inclose. toward.
coconut. indorse. while or whilst.
coolie. insanitary.
Observe the following forms in the treatment of nationalities:
Argentinian. Ecuadorian. Paraguayan.
Brazilian. Guatemalan. Part-Hawaiian.
Chilean. Haitian. Porto Rican.
Colombian. Honduran. Tennesseean.
Costa Rican. Montenegrin. Venezuelan.
Cuban. Nicaraguan.
Dominican. Panaman.
ACCENTS.
Omit the diaeresis in such words as aerate, cooperation, preemption, reexamine,
zoology, etc., and the accent in "ampere" and derivatives.
Use accents in foreign proper names and words unless otherwise directed, but not
in geographic names.
The following is a partial list of words in common use in which accented letters
occur:
appliqued. en arrifere. matine'e.
attache". en echelon. mSlee. resume.
cafe". enrfcgle. moire'. r61e.
charge d'affaires. entree. ne'e. r61e d'6quipage.
confrere. entrepot. papier-mache 1 . sefior.
coup d'etat. expose. porte-cochere. soiree.
coup de grace. facade. portiere. vis-a-vis.
creche. faience. proces verbal. vise, visaed.
crApe. habitue". prote'ge'.
debris. materiel. rale.
AUTHORITIES ON GEOGRAPHIC NAMES.
Omit apostrophes in geographic names, except Chinese and Japanese and St. John's
in Newfoundland, Quebec, and Cape Colony.
The following authorities, in the order given, govern the spelling of geographic
names.
Correct Orthography of Geographic Names (decisions of the United States Geo-
graphic Board).
United States Postal Guide.
Lippincott's Gazetteer of the World.
International Postal Guide (Dictionnaire des Bureaux de Poste).
Rand, McNally & Co.'s Atlas.
CHINESE AND JAPANESE NAMES. Follow copy in the use of hyphens and
apostrophes.
INDIAN NAMES. Follow copy in the use of spaces and hyphens in Indian proper
names; also the spelling of tribal names.
PLURALS OF TITLES. The plurals of military titles are formed by adding "s" at
end, as major generals, lieutenant colonels, surgeon generals, etc., but sergeants
major. Civil titles usually add "s" to first part, as Attorneys General, Post-
masters General, etc.
KULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION.
47
POSSESSIVES AND APOSTROPHES.
Nouns in the singular, or in the plural when ending with any letter other than "s,"
require an apostrophe and "s," as man's, men's, child's, children's, Dennis's,
Felix's, Burns's, Essex's, witness's, countess's, State's attorney, State's evidence,
etc.
Exceptions to the foregoing: Sergeant at Arms' room, for righteousness' sake, for
conscience' sake, for goodness' sake, for Jesus' sake. In titles of books the exact
form should be used, as Hinds' Precedents.
Plural nouns ending in "s" require only the apostrophe, as the boys' swimming
hole, the horses' trough, fingers' ends, the Charleses' reigns, the Joneses' ball,
the countesses' reception, the witnesses' testimony.
Do not use the posessive form in such expressions as day labor, quartermaster
stores, State prison, the doctrine of State rights.
Use the singular form for such expressions as printer's ink, 125 miner's inches.
TERMINATION OF WORDS, ETC.
Proofreaders, compositors, and writers are often confused as to the correct termina-
tion of words ending in "ible" or "able." The following list, giving the words
terminating in "ible," will be found useful. Other words of this class terminate
with "able."
abhorrible. docible. incredible. perfectible,
accendible. edible. indefeasible. permiscible.
accessible. educible. indefectible. permissible,
addible. effectible. indefensible. persuasible.
adducible. effervescible. indelible. pervertible,
admissible. eligible. indeprehensible. plausible,
affectible. eludible. indestructible. possible,
apprehensible. evasible. indigestible. prehensible.
audible. evincible. indiscernible. prescriptible.
bipartible. exhaustible. indivisible. producible,
circumscriptible. exigible. indocible. producible,
coctible. expandible. inducible. protrusible.
coerciDle. expansible. ineffervescible. putrescible.
cognoscible. expressible. ineligible. receptible.
cohesible. extendible. ineludible. redemptible.
collapsible. extensible. inevasible. redressible
collectible. fallible. inexhaustible. (redressable).
combustible. feasible. inexpansible. reducible,
committible. fencible. inexpressible. reflectible.
compactible. flexible. infallible. reflexible.
compatible. fluxible. infeasible. refrangible,
compossible. forcible. inflexible. remissible,
comprehensible. frangible. infractible. renascible.
compressible. fungible. infrangible. rendible.
conducible. fusible. infusible. reprehensible,
conductible. gullible. inscriptible. resistible,
confluxible. horrible. insensible. responsible,
connectible. ignitible. instructive. reversible,
contemptible. illegible. insubmergible. revertible.
contractible immersible. insuppressible. risible.
(contractable). immiscible. insusceptible. seducible.
controvertible. impartible. intactible. sensible,
conversible impassible intangible. sponsible.
(conversable). (impassable). intelligible. suasible.
convertible. impatible. interconvertible. subdivisible,
convincible. impedible. intervisible. submergible.
corrigible. imperceptible. invencible. submersible,
corrodible. impermissible. invendible. subvertible.
corrosible. imperscriptible. inventible. supersensible,
corruptible. impersuasible. invertible. suppressible.
credible. implausible. invincible. susceptible.
Gullible. impossible. invisible. suspensible.
decoctible. impressible. irascible. tangible,
deducible. imputrescible. irreducible. tensible.
deductible. inaccessible. irrefrangible. terrible,
defeasible. inadmissible. irremissible. traducible.
defectible. inapprehensible. irreprehensible. transfusible.
defensible. inaudible. irrepressible. transmissible,
depressible. incircumscriptible. irresistible. transmittible.
descendible. incoercible. irresponsible. transversible
destructible. incognoscible. irreversible. (transversable).
diffusible. incombustible. legible. trans vertible.
digestible. incommiscible. mandible. tripartible.
dirigible. incompatible. marcescible. unadmissible.
discernible. incomprehensible. miscible. unexhaustible.
discerpible. incompressible. negligible. unexpressible.
discerptible. inconcussible. nexible. unflexible.
dissectible. incontrovertible. omissible. unfusible.
distensible. inconvertible. ostensible. unresponsible.
distractible. incon vincible. partible. vendible,
divertible. incorrigible. passible vincible,
divestible. incorrodible. (passable). visible,
divisible. incorruptible. perceptible. vitrescible.
48
RULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION.
Words ending with the sound of "ize" are variously spelled "ise" or "ize." Of
this class, the correct spelling of the following words is "ise." Nearly all others
take "ize."
advertise.
advise.
affranchise.
apprise.
arise.
chastise.
circumcise.
comprise.
compromise.
demise.
despise.
devise.
disfranchise.
disguise.
divertise.
emprise.
enfranchise.
enterprise.
excise.
exercise.
exorcise.
franchise.
improvise.
incise.
manuprise.
merchandise.
premise.
reprise.
revise.
rise.
supervise.
surmise.
surprise.
Errors are often found in the plurals of nouns ending in "o." To prevent error,
observe the following general rule: If there is a consonant before the final
"o," the plural is "es"; but if a vowel precedes the "o," the plural is formed
by adding the "s" only. There are, however, some exceptions to this rule, and
they are here given, as follows:
albinos.
armadillos.
cantos.
embryos.
Eskimos,
rauchos.
centos.
didos.
dominos.
duodecimos.
dynamos.
inamoratos.
juntos.
kimonos.
lassos.
mementos.
merinos.
mestizos.
octavos.
octodecimos.
pianos.
provisos.
quartos.
salvos.
sextodecimos.
sextos.
siroccos.
solos.
tobaccos.
twos.
tyros.
virtuosos.
zeros.
Many persons find it difficult or impossible to recollect the relative position of "e"
and "i" in such words as "receive," "believe," etc. If they will bear in mind
the following rule, it may save them the trouble of referring to a dictionary to
determine this point:
When the derivative noun ends in "tion," the verb is spelled with "ei," thus:
conception conceive. deception deceive. reception receive.
But when the noun does not end in "tion," the verb is spelled with "ie," as:
belief believe.
The following rule for using "ei" and "ie" will be found convenient: Bear in
mind the word "lice" "i" follows "1" and "e" follows "c," thus, li-ce.
Following is a list of the words beginning with "s" and followed by "ei" or "ie,"
the parts of words in parentheses to be joined to the prefix (in heavy type) as a
single word :
seiches.
seidlitz.
seigneurial.
seignior (age, al, alty, y).
seine (er, ing).
seirospore.
selsmal (mic, mism, mograph, mographic, mo-
gram mography, mological, mology, mom-
eter, mometric, mometry, moscope, motic).
seity.
seize (able, er, in, ing, or, ure).
siege (work).
sienite (ic).
sienna.
Siennese.
sierra.
siesta.
sieur.
sieva.
sieve.
Only three words of our language end in "ceed" (exceed, proceed, and succeed),
and one only ends in "sede" (supersede). Therefore "cede" always follows the
syllables "pre," "inter," "con," "se," "ac," "ante," "re," and "retro." In
adding the suffix "ity" to words of more than one syllable, only one word has a
double "1" (tranquillity).
The following is a list of nouns not compounds of "man," though with that
termination, the plurals of which are formed by adding "s" and not by the
termination "men."
aman.
cayman.
daman.
dolman.
dragoman.
German.
hielaman.
human.
khansaman.
leman.
liman.
monothalaman.
Mussulman.
Ottoman.
quartodeciman.
queriman.
Roman.
shaman.
talisman.
Thoman.
Turcoman,
yarraman.
USE OP "A" AND "AN."
Use "a" before all consonants and aspirated "h," as a history, a human being;
but do not use it before a silent "h," as an honorable man, an honest man.
Use "an" before all vowels except long "u," as in union, and "o," as in one.
SOME RULES FOR THE USE OF HYPHENS.
Most compound adjectives that precede the nouns qualified take hyphens, as
' ' first-class work/ ' ' ' enlarged-homestead act, " " pig-iron manufacture, ' ' ' ' 40-horse-
power engine," "3-inch pipe." Use a hyphen after "well" and "ill" in phrases
like " a well-established industry," "ill-advised action"; but write "the industry
is well established." Omit hyphens if the first word of the compound adjective is
qualified by another term, as "a fairly well defined rating curve"; also if one or
more of the words are capitalized, as "Portland cement industry," "Geological
Survey work." The prefix "non" is usually joined to the word it qualifies, but
write "non coal-bearing rocks." Adverbs ending in "ly" are not compounded, as
"hastily written matter," "carefully prepared report."
The ordinary rule for compound adjectives applies to color terms: Bluish-gray
shale, light-green clay, light greenish-gray marble, slightly purplish gray marble,
milk-white quartz, blue-green tourmaline, deep-reddish dolomite, gray-greenish beds,
pale cream color. Hyphenate also, in any position, (a) a color term made up of two
color names: The tourmaline is blue-green in color, this marble is pink-white; (6) a
color term made up of a color name preceded by a noun that indicates the shade:
Brick-red, olive-green, jet-black, sky-blue, milk-white, verdigris-green, flint-gray;
(c) a color term made up of a noun that indicates the color followed by "colored,"
"tinted," or some similar word: Cream-colored, salmon-colored, tan-colored, ivory-
tinted. " Colored " should always be Used with a term that in its primary meaning
does not express color, as chocolate-colored clays, not chocolate clays.
The Geological Survey has adopted a uniform scheme for the use of hyphens in
petrographic terms, based on the single principle that like names are connected by a
hyphen, and unlike names are not. The names used in such terms are of four
classes (a) rock names, (6) mineral names, (c) textural names, and (d) names ex-
pressing the kind of clastic aggregation. Any two or more names of either class are
connected by a hyphen; others are not. The principal names of classes c and d are
as follows: (c) Felsophyre, gneiss, porphyry, schist, vitrophyre; (d) agglomerate,
breccia, conglomerate, sand, tuff. Examples:
biotite gneiss. greenstone schist. lime-soda feldspar,
biotite-quartz monzonite. hornblende andesite. mica schist.
clay shale. hornblende-mica andesite. muscovite mica,
granite gneiss. latite-andesite. plagioclase feldspar,
granite-syenite porphyry. leucite basalt. quartz monzonite porphyry.
91
COMPOUND AND NONCOMPOUND WORDS.
COMPOUND WORDS.
(See also Age, Bonds and stocks, and Percentage, pp. 35, 36.)
Follow Webster's New International Dictionary generally in the use or omission of
the hyphen or space between words. The Vocabulary of double words (p. 93) and
Geologic ages, etc. (p. 25), are inserted for convenient reference. They show some vari-
ations which are to be followed. Compound adjectives generally take the hyphen.
all-round man. joint-stock company. 35-candlepower lamp,
asked-f or opinion. light-green color. " 75-horsepower engine,
contested-election case. national-bank note or notes. 12-inch main,
cotton-boll weevil. sea-island cotton. f-inch pipe,
iron-ship builder. State-bank note or notes. ten 10-horsepower cars.
Do not confuse a qualifying word with a subject word; for instance, a shoemaker
may be a German shoemaker. If he makes wooden shoes, he is a wooden-shoe maker.
Also observe the following forms: Young school-teacher, common-school teacher,
high-school teacher, public-school teacher, etc.
A present or past participle with a noun or an adjective may take a hyphen in such
expressions as the following: Always wind-obeying deep; well-dealing countrymen;
dark-working sorceress; soul-killing witches; fool-begged patience, etc.
Adverbs ending with "ly " are not usually compounded with the adjectives which
they qualify, as a "nicely kept lawn." But words like "above," "ill," "well,"
"so," etc., are compounded in such expressions as "the well-known writer," "the
so-called tariff reform," "this ill-advised expenditure," "the last-named article," etc.
Fractions, when spelled, should be compounded: One twenty-first, one-fifth, eighty-
one one-hundredths, one one-hundredth, the one-hundredth part, one one-hundred-
and-twentieth, two one-hundred-and-twenty-sixths.
When used adjectively, the expressions "first-class," "second-class," etc., are to
be hyphenated; otherwise they should be printed as two words: A first-class passage,
a first-class man, a man of the first class, a work of the second class, etc.
In such expressions as the "January- June period," "Washington-Baltimore im-
provement," etc., when used adjectively, use hyphens; but to indicate the elision
of the word "to," in such expressions as "the period January-June," use an en dash.
Mr. So-and-so.
NONCOMPOUND WORDS.
Omit the hyphen in civil and military titles, as Attorney General, Postmaster
General, Paymaster General, brigadier general, lieutenant colonel, etc.
Omit the hyphen in such Latin forms as "an ex officio member," "ante bellum
days," "prima facie evidence," "per diem employees," etc.; and also in such cases
as "life (or fire) insurance company," "ocean mail lines," "railway rate legislation,"
"street car lines," etc.
Omit the hyphen in abbreviated terms except "sec.-ft."
92
VOCABULARY OF DOUBLE WORDS.
Double words not found in this vocabulary or in the New International Dic-
tionary (edition of 1910) should be separated by a space.
Prefixes are in bold-faced type.
When a suffix is preceded by a hyphen, use a hyphen; if not, make one word.
"The rest take hyphen," "the rest one word." means all others of the same
class found in the New International Dictionary.
The abbreviations (a.), for adjective; (adv.), for adverb; (n.), for noun; or (v.),
for verb after a word restrict the use of the word to the part of speech indicated.
Words taking the suffix "like" should be one word, unless ending in "11," ^
when
a hyphen should be used, as shell-like, etc.
The elements of many double words may'be used separately. Observe the caution
as to qualifying and subject words under the heading "Compound words," and do
not make a compound unless the sense requires it.
A.
aard-vark, -wolf,
abat-vent.
able (prefix) whackets; the rest take hyphen,
about-sledge,
aboveboard, deck, ground, stairs; the rest take
hyphen,
absciss-layer.
absent; compound all double words,
acid-proof (a.), -fast (a.),
acre-dale, -foot, man, staff.
actino-chemistry, -electricity; the rest one word,
acute-angled.
adderbolt, cap, fish, -footed, -spit, wort.
adder's-fern, -flower, -grass, -meat, -mouth, -spear,
-tongue.
addle (prefix) plot; the rest take hyphen.
afore (prefix); all one word,
after (prefix) -born, -dinner, -mentioned (a.), -shine,
stampable (a.), -supper; the rest one word, except
after sales,
aftmost.
agateware,
ahorseback,
aid-de-camp,
airbound (a.), -built, -drawn, -dried, -driven (a.),
-dry, -floated (a.), -line (a.), lock (v.), man,
ohydrogen, ship, -slaked, -tight, -tightness, ward,
way.
aitchbone, piece.
alcoholimeter, meter, ometer, ometry, ophilia.
alebench, berry, bush, Conner, cost! hoof, house,
tap, taster, whap, wife, yard,
alkalimeter.
all-around , bone, -father, -fatherhood, -fired, -firedly ,
good, -hail (v.), hallow, hallowmas, hallown, heal,
-might, -mouth, -overish, -possessed, -round,
seed, spice, where, work,
alleyway,
almond-eyed.
alms (prefix); all one word, except alms fee and
alms land.
alongships, shore, side.
alpenglow, horn, stock.
altarpiece, ways, wise,
alto-cumulus, -relievo, stratus,
alumroot,
amidships.
amperemeter, amperometer.
amylamine.
aiuylo (prefix); all one word,
anchor-hold,
andiron.
angel-eyes, hood, ship,
angel's-trumpet.
angleberry, meter, pod, site, twitch, wing, wise,
worm.
anglo (prefix); all one word, unless followed by
cap, when use hyphen,
aniseroot.
ankle-cutter, jack.
antacid, arctic, eater; when meaning anti, all one
word.
ante; all one word (unless followed by cap, when
use hyphen), except ante bellum and ante mortem,
which make two words,
anti-icteric, -imperialism, -injunction, -trade; the
rest one word, unless followed by cap, when use
hyphen,
anvilfaced.
any (prefix); all one word,
appledrane, drone, jack, John, root, -wife.
aqua (prefix); all one word,
aqueo-igneous.
arc-boutant, -doubleau.
arch, archi (prefix); all one word.
argillaceo, or argillo (prefix) take hyphen,
argus-eyed.
aristo; all one word, except aristo paper,
armchair, hole, let, pit, rack.
armor-bearer, -clad, -piercing, -plated,
arrowbeam, head, headed, leaf, root, stone,
-toothed, wood, worm,
arsesmart.
arteriosclerosis.
artilleryman, ship.
ashberry, -colored, -leaved, weed, wort,
ashipboard.
astro (prefix); all one word.
ath wart-hawse; the rest one word,
a-tiptoe.
auto-da-fe", -immunization, -infection, -inoculation,
-intoxication, -ophthalmoscope, -oxidation, -sight;
the rest one word,
autumn-spring.
avant (prefix); all take hyphen,
away-going.
aweband, some, -stricken, -strike, -struck,
awl-shaped, wort,
axbreaker, fitch, hammer, man, seed, stone, tree,
unge, weed, wort,
axletree.
aye-aye, green.
B.
bab-root.
babyhouse.
backache, -acting, -angle, band, bite, biter, biting,
-blocker, board, bone, boned, cap, cast (n.l,
-cast (a.), chain, door (a.), down (n.), fall, -fire ( v.),
-firing (n.), flap, -focus, fold, friend, furrow,
gammon, ground, hand, handed, hander, heel,
house, jaw, joint, lash, lashing, log, piece, plate,
rack, -racket, -raking, rope,saw. set, setting, settler,
shift, side (the rump), slide, slider, sliding, staff,
stairs (a.)> stamp, stay, stick, stitch, stock, strap,
-strapped, string, stroke, sword, swording,
swordman, tack, ward, wash, washer, water, way,
woods, woodsman, word, worm, wort.
93
94
BULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION.
badgeman.
badger-legged, weed.
baff-end.
baggala.hash, -leaves, man, nut, pipe, piper, piping,
reef, room, wig, wigged, worm,
baggageman, -master, -smasher,
bailpiece.
bain-marie.
bakeboard, house, shop, stone,
balancewise.
baldcrown, -faced, head, -headed (a.), money, pate,
-pated, -patedness, rib.
balefire, wort.
ballfish, -flower, proof, room, stock, weed.
bandbox, case, master,-shaped,string, -tailed, work.
bandy ball, -bandy, -legged, man.
baneberry, wort,
bangtail, tailed (a.).
bankman, side, -sided,
barbated, berry, fish, goose, keeper, maid, master,
man, mote, post, room, tender, way, wise, wood,
-wound.
bare (prefix); all one word,
bargeboard, couple, course, man.
barkbound, ometer.
barleybigg, break, brake, -bree, corn,
barm v-brained .
barnburner, stormer, storming, yard,
barrenwort.
barring-out (n.).
basal-nerved,
baseball, board, born, -bred, -burner, -court, -level
(v.), man, -minded, -mindedness.
basket-flower, -hilted, wood, work,
bas-relief,
bass-bar, wood,
basse-taille.
basso-relievo,
batfish, -fives, fowl, fowler, fowling, horse, man,
-money, -mule, wing,
bathflower, house, room, tub.
batsman, wing,
battering-ram.
battle-ax, dore, ship, stead, wise,
bawdyhouse.
bay-antler, berry, bolt, bush, gall, head, man, wood.
beachman, master.
bead-flush, house, man, roll, -ruby, work,
beadsman, woman,
beakhead, iron,
be-all.
beambird, filling, -trawl (v.).
beanfeast, weed,
bearbane, berry, bind, bine, coot, herd, hound,
-lead, skin, -tongue, ward, wood, wort,
bear's-bane. -bed, -breech, -ear, -foot, -head, -paw,
-thread.
beaucatcher, clerk, montague.
bedbug, chair, chamber, clothes, cord, cover, fast,
fellow, flower, gown, key, -molding, pan, plate,
post, quilt, rid, ridden, right, rite, rock, room,
screw, side, site ? sore, spread, staff, stead, stock,
straw, tick, ticking, time, ward, way.
beebread, head, herd, hive, house, keeping, master,
wav, weed, wort,
beechdrops, nut.
beefeater, head, steak, -witted, wood,
beerhouse, pull.
beeswax, wing, winged (a.),
beetle-browed, bung, head, -headed, stock, stone,
weed.
beforehand, said, time.
behindhand, sight,
bel-esprit.
belibind, bottle, -faced, flower, hanger, hanging,
house, man, mouth, -mouthed, -shaped, -the-cat,
-tongue, topper, ware, wether, wort,
belle-mere,
belles-lettres.
bellyache, band, blind, -bound, -god, pinch,
-pinched,
bench man.
beriberi.
bl-iliac, -Ischiatic; the rest one word.
Mbble-babbfe.
big-eye, -eyed, -gaited, head, horn, root, thatch,
wig, wigged.
blllbeetle, board, broking, bug, fish, head, hook,
man, poster, sticker,
billet-doux, head.
billingsgate.
billyboy, cock, hood.
bindweed, with, wood.
blrdbolt, call, catcher, catching, clapper, -egg,
-eyed, -foot, gaze, hood, lime, -mouthed, seed,
vetch, weed, -witted.
bird's-beak, -bill, -bread, -eye, -foot, -mouth,
-nest (a., v.), -nesting, -pepper, -tongue.
birthday, land, less, mark, night, place, right,
root, wort.
bitstock.
bitterbark, blain, bloom, bump, bush, head, nut,
root, sweet, weed, wood, worm, wort.
blackback, -backed, ball, band, belly, -bellied,
berry, bird, birder, birding, board, boy, -blooded,
breast, -breasted, -browed, butt, cap, coat, cock,
-eyed, -faced, feet, fellow, -figured, fin, fish,
fisher, fishing, foot, friar, guard, head, -headed,
heart, -hearted, jack, lead (v.), leg, letter (a.),
list (v.), mail, mailer, mailing, -mark, -marker,
meat, moor, mouth, -mouthed, neb, poll, pot,
root, salter, -sander, -seed, smith, smithing, strap,
tail, -tailed, thorn, tongue, tree, wash (vj, water,
wood, work, wort.
bladderfish, nose, wort.
bladebone, -point.
blameworthy.
blancmange.
blastplate.
bleareye, -eyed, -eyedness, -witted.
blendwater.
blightbird.
blindball, eyes, fast, fish, fold, folded, folder,
-loaded, stitch, story, weed, worm, -your-eyes.
blindman's bun*.
blink-eyed.
blockhead, headed, headedness, house, like, ship.
bloodalp, berry, bird, -boltered, curdling, drop,
flower, guilty, guiltiness, guiltless, hound, let,
letter, letting, ripe, root, shed, shedder, shedding,
shot, -shotten, stain, stanch, stick, stone, strange,
stroke, suck, sucker, sucking; thirst, thirsty,
thirstiness, ulf, -vascular, -warm, weed, wood,
worm, wort.
bloodybones, -minded.
blowback, ball, cock, fish, fly, gun, hard, hole, line,
-off, -out, pipe, -through (a.), torch, tube, up (n.).
blueback, beard, bell, belled, -bellied, berry, bill,
bird, -black (a.), -blackness, blaw, bonnet,
book, bottle, breast, bush, buttons, cap, coat,
cup, -devilage, -devilism, -eye (bird), -eyed, fin,
fish, gill, gown, -green, hearts, -hot, jack, jacket,
joint, nose, noser, -pencil (v.), pointer, -ribboner,
-ribbonist, -sailors, -starry, stocking, stone,
throat, tongue, weed, wing', -winged, wood.
bluff -bowed, -headed.
blunderbuss, head.
boarfish.
boar's-foot.
boatbill, house, load, man, swain, -tail, woman,
wright.
boatsman.
bobbinwork.
bobcat, -cherry, fly, sled, sleigh, stay, tail, tailed,
wright, white.
bodyguard.
bogberry , land, sucker, trot, trotter, trotting, wood,
wort.
boil-over.
boilersmith.
boldface, faced (a.).
boll worm.
bolthead, rope, strake.
bombproof, shell.
bon-accord, bon, due, fire, mot.
bondholder, maid, man, slave, stone, woman.
bondsman, woman.
bone-ace, ache, binder, dog, -dry, fish, flower,
grace, set, setter, setting, shave, shaw, wood,
work, wort.
bonnyclabber.
bookbinder, bindery, binding, case, craft, fold,
holder, keeper, keeping, land, -learned, lore,
maker, making, man, mark, marker, mate,
monger, plate, press, rack, seller, selling, shelf,
shop, stack, stall, stand, store, wards, ways, wise,
work, worm, wright.
boomboat, brace, -ended.
bootblack, hose, jack, last, laster, leg, legger, leg-
ging, lick, licker, maker, making, -topping, -tree.
VOCABULARY OF DOUBLE WORDS.
95
borderland.
borough-holder, master, monger, mongering,
mongery.
botherheaded.
bott-hammer, -stick.
bottlehead, holder, -nest, nose, -nosed,
boughpot (vase),
bouts-rimes,
bowback, -backed, -bell, bent, -dye (v.), fin, grace,
head, knot, leg, -legged, line, man, pin, shot, sprit,
staff, string, stringed, wood,
boxberry, bush, fish, haul, hauled, hauling, head,
keeper, thorn, wood.
brain-fag, pan, sick, sickly, sickness, stone, -tire,
tree, wood, worm,
brakeman.
brambleberry.
branchstand.
brand-new, stickle, tail,
brass-smith, -visaged.
brazen-browed, face, faced,
brazilwood.
breadfruit, nut, root,-stitch, stuff, winner, winning.
breakaway (n.), ax, back, bone (fever;, -circuit,
down, -in, neck, -off, -promise, stone, -up, water,
breastband, beam, bone, fast, height, -high (a.),
hook, mark, pin, plate, plow, rail, roll, rope,
summer, weed, wood, work:,
bred-stitch,
breechblock, cloth, clout, loader, girdle, -loading
(a.).
brewhouse.
bric-a-brac.
brickbat, field, fielder, kiln, layer, laying, maker,
making, -nogged (a.), setter, -timber (tree), wise,
work, yard.
bride, brides (prefixes); all one word.
bridgeboard,head,man,master,pot,tree,-ward(n.),
ward (adv.), water,
bridle-wise,
brierwood.
bristle-pointed, tail, wort,
brittlewort.
broadax, bill, -bottomed, brim, -brimmed, cast,
cloth, -faced, gauge, -headed, horn, -horned, leaf,
-leafed, -leaved (a.), man, -minded (a.), mind-
edness, mouth, piece, share, sheet, side, -spoken,
spread, -spreading, sword, throat, wise,
bromobenzinc, borate, gelatin, iodism, mania,
picrin.
broncho-pneumonia; the rest one word.
brooklime, side, weed,
broomdasher, root, staff, stick, weed.
brotherhood, -in-law, wort,
browbeat, beater, bound, post.
brownback, stone, ware, wort.
brushman, -tailed, -tongued, wood, work.
buckberry, board, bush, eye, -eyed, horn, hound,
jump, jumper, plate, pot, ram, saw, shot, skin,
stall, stay, tail, thorn, tooth, wagon, wash,
washer, wheat, wheater.
buck's-horn.
bufferhead.
bufflehead, -headed, horn.
bug (prefix); all one word,
bugleweed.
buhrstone.
built-up (a.),
bulb-angle, -tee.
bulkhead,
bullbeggar, berry, comber, dog, doze, dozer, faced,
feast, fighter, fighting, finch, fincher, fist, foot,
frog, head, headed, neck, -necked, nose, nut,
pates, -poll, pout, -roarer, -rout, rush, weed,
whack, wort,
bullen-nail.
bullethead, headedness, -proof (a.).
bull's-eye, -eyed, -foot, -heart, -nose.
bumblebee, berry, foot, kite, puppy,
bumboat, wood,
bunch-backed, berry, flower,
bunghole.
buntline, whip,
burbark, tree, weed,
burghmaster, moot, mote,
burrknot, stone,
bushbeater, fighter, fighting, hammer, -harrow
(v.), house, man, ranger, -tailed, whack, whacker,
whacking, wood.
bushelman, woman.
businesslike, likeness.
busybody.
butterball, bill, bird, box, bump, bur, cup, -fin-
gered, -fingers, fish, flip, flour, flower, fly, head,
jag, -leaves, man, milk, nut, root, scotch, toothed
(a.), weed, -wife, worker, wort,
butt-head, -joint (v.), stock, -strap (v.), -weld(v.),
woman,
but-thorn.
buttonball, bur, bush, hold, holder, hole, holer,
hook, mold, weed, wood,
buzzgloak, nacking, wig.
by (prefix), gone, hand, name (v.), past, path, play,
road, stander, time, way, word, work; the rest
take hyphen.
C.
cabman, urn.
cabinetmaker, making, work.
cable-laid (a.), way.
cachepot.
cakehouse, walk, walker.
calcaneo (prefix); all one word.
calcarco (prefix); all one word,
calc-sinter, -spar, -tufa, -tuff,
calf kill, skin.
calf's-foot, -head, -snout (plants),
calicoback.
camber-keeled.
camel's-foot (flower), -hair (a.).
campfight, master, shed (v.), shedding, sheeting,
shooting, shot, shuting, shutting, ward, wards,
camstone, wood,
cancan, dock.
cancer-root, weed, wort.
candleball, beam, berry, bomb, fish, holder, light,
lighter, lighting, nut, pin, power, rent, shrift,
stick, waster, wasting, wick, wood,
candytuft,
canebrake.
cankerberry,eat (v.), fret, -root, weed, worm, wort,
canoe wood,
canvasback.
cap-a-pie, case, sheaf, shore, stone,
capeweed.
cargoose, load, lock, man.
carbo (prefix); all one word,
cardboard, case,
caretaker, taking, worn,
carnal-minded, -mindedness.
carpetbag, bagger, bagging, monger, way, weed,
carriageway,
carrion-flower.
carrottop, weed,
carryall.
cartload, man, ware, way, whip (v.), wright.
carvel-built,
case-bay, -bearer, harden, hardened, hardening,
mate, mated, weed, worm,
cashbook.
casse-te'te.
castaway (n.), -iron (a.), -off (a., n.), -weld (v.).
castle-builder, -building, -built, -guard, -ward,
catbeam, berry, bird, boat, call, -chop, -eyed, fall,
fish, footed, gut, -hammed, harping, -haw, head,
-hole, hood, -in-clover, -keys, -locks, mint, -o-nine-
tails, piece, pipe, -rigged, skin, step, stick, stitch,
-tail, -whistles, -witted, wood, word.
catchall, fly, penny, plate, pole, pool, water,
weight, word, work,
eater-cornered, -cousin,
cat's-claw, -ear, -eye, -foot, -grass, -keys, milk,
-paw, -tail.
cattlegate, man.
causeway, wayed, waying.
cavalryman,
cave-in,
cavo-relievo.
cedarware.
cellarway.
centerbit, board, -fire (a.), piece, -second (a.).
centro (prefix), -acinar; the rest one word.
cerebro (prefix); all one word,
cerecloth.
cesspipe, pit, pool.
chainman, smith, wale, work.
chalkcutter, plate, stone,
chambermaid,
chance-medley.
96
RULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION.
chapbook, fallen, fallenly, man, woman.
chapel master.
char-a-bancs.
charterhouse.
charwoman.
chase-hooping.
chasse-cafe, -cousin, pot.
chatterbag, basket, box.
cheap-jack, -John.
checkbird, hook, man, mate, rein, road, roar, roll,
row, rowed, rower, stone, strap, string, weigher,
weighman, work.
checkerberry, board, wise, work,
cheesebowl, cake, cloth, lip, monger, paring, wood,
chef-d'oeuvre.
cherry-pie, -wood,
chessboard, man, tree,
chestworm.
cheval-de-frise, -vapeur.
chiaroscuro.
chickore, -pea, stone, weed, wheat.
chickenberry, -breasted, -fighters, -hearted, -heart-
edly, -heartedness, weed, wort,
chief-justiceship,
chiggerweed.
childbearing, bed,birth,crowing,ridden, ward, wife,
chinaware.
chloralamide, imide.
chockablock, -full (a.),
choirmaster, wise.
chokeberry, bore, cherry, strap, weed, wort.
chopboat, -cherry, -chop, fallen, house, -nut, stick,
chowchow.
christcross-row.
Christmastide.
chromo (prefix); all one word.
chrono (prefix); all one word,
chub-facea.
chuck-a-luck, -farthing, -will's-widow.
chucklehead, headed.
church-ale, -bench, -brooms, goer, going, grith,
man, -scot, ward, warden, way, woman, yard.
cinquefoil, -pace, -spotted (a.).
circum (prefix); all one word, unless followed by
cap, when use hyphen,
cirrobranchiata, -cumular, -cumulative, -cumulous
(a.), -cumulus (n.), -filum, -macula, -nebula,
stomatous, -strati ve, -stratus, -velum.
cis (prefix); all one word, unless followed by cap.
citra (prefix); all one word,
city-commonwealth, -state,
clackdish.
clambake, cracker, shell,
clapboard, dish, match, net, trap, wort,
class-fellow, man, mate, room,
claybank, weed,
clean-bred, -cut, -fingered, -handed, -handedness,
-limbed, -lived, skins, -limbered, -up.
clear-boled, cole, -cut, -eyed, -headed, -headedness,
-seeing, -sighted, -sightedness, skins (n.), starch,
starcher, story, weed, wing,
cleft-footed, -graft,
clerkale.
cliffsman.
clinchbuilt.
clincher-built.
clingfish, stone,
clinkclank, stone,
clinker-built.
clipfish, -loading,
clipper-built,
clish-clash.
cloakroom.
clockbird, face, wise, work, worked,
clodhopper, hopping, pate, pated.
close (prefix) fistod; the rest take hyphen,
closed-coil.
clotheshorse, line, pin, press.
cloudberry, -built, -burst, -capped, -compeller,
-compelling, land, -ring, scape,
cloven-footed, -hoofed,
clove-root.
clover-sick, -sickness.
clubfist, fisted, foot, footed, hand, haul, house,
link, man, riser, room, root, -rush, -shaped.
co (prefix) -allied, -ally, -altitude, -creator -creditor,
curator, -debtor, -directional (a.), -love, -meddle;
the rest ono word,
coachfellow, man, smith, whip, wood, wright.
coal-black, fish, fitter, goose, hole, mouse, pit,
-whipper, -whipping.
coarse-grained, -grainedness.
coast-lining, man, ward, ways, wise.
cobblestone.
cobbler' s-awl, -pegs.
cobcab, head, loaf, nut, stone, web, webby, work,
worm.
cock-a-doodle-doo, -a-hoop, arouse, bill, boat,
brain, chafer, crow, -crower, crowing, eye, eyed,
fight, fighting, head, horse, -laird, light, loft,
master, match, mate, pit, roach, shot, shy,-spar-
rowish, spur, -stone, -stride, sure, sureness, tail,
-tailed, -throppled, throwing, up, web, weed.
cockle-bread, bur, shell, -wife.
cockscomb, combed, foot, head.
codbait, fish, fishery, piece, pitchings, ware, worm.
codshead.
coffeehouse, man, pot, room.
cofferdam, work.
cogwheel, wood.
cold-blooded, -bloodedly, -bloodedness, -drawn,
-drawing, finch, -hammer (v.), -hammered,
-hearted, -heartedly, -heartedness, -roll, -rolled
(v.), -short (a.), -shortness, -shot (a.), -shoulder
(v.), -shut (a.).
cole (prefix) -rape; the rest one word.
colicroot, weed, wort.
collar-proud (a.).
color-blind (a.), man.
combbroach, -brush, -shaped.
come-along, -at-able, -at-ableness, -at-ability, back,
down, -off, -outer.
commonplace, weal, wealth, weaHh's-man.
companionway.
compass-headed (a.).
concavo-concave, -convex.
coneflower, head, -in-cone, -nose, pate.
contra-arithmetical, -debt; the rest one word.
convexo-concave, -convex, -plane.
cookbook, house, maid, room, shop, stove.
cool-headed, -headedness, house (horticulture),
weed, wort.
copemate, stone.
copper-belly, -bottomed, -faced, -fastened, head,
headism, -nickel, nose, -nosed, plate, smith, tail,
ware, wing, worm.
copple-crown, -crowned.
copse wood, wooded.
copyhold (n.), holder, right, righ table, righter.
coral-and-pearl, -bells, berry, -fern, flower, -gem,
-rag, -red (a.), root, wort.
cordleaf, wood.
corded-up (a.).
corkscrew, wing, wood.
corkscrew-flower, -plant.
corn-beads, bell, bind, -binks, bole, brash, cob,
-cracker, crib, cutter, cutting, dodger, field, floor,
flower, land, loft, pipe, root, stalk, starch, stone.
cornerbind, cap, wise.
cornet-a-pistons.
costal-nerved (a.).
costermonger.
cottonmouth, seed (a.), tail, weed. wood.
coughroot, weed, wort.
councilman, men.
countfish, -wheel.
counter (prefix) -courant, -reformation, -remon-
strant, -revolution, -revolutionary, -revolutionist,
-revolutionize, -roll; the rest one word.
countinghouse, room.
country-base, -dance, man, seat, side, woman.
coupe-gorge.
coupstick.
court-baron, bred, craft, house, leet, man, mantle,
-martial, noil, -plaster, ship, yard.
cousin-german.
couvre (prefix); all take hyphen.
coverlet, lid, -point, side.
cowbane, bell, berry, bind, bird, blakes, boy,
catcher, -crackers, -fat, fish, gait, gate, girl, hago,
heart, hearted, heel, herb, herd, hide, -hitch,
-hocked, itch, leech, leeching, lick, man, -mum ble,
pea, pen, -pilot, -plant, pox, -puncher, quake,
-rattle, skin, slip, slipped, -tail, tongue, weed,
wheat.
coxcomb (a fop), swain.
crabcatcher, -eater, -eating, -faced, hole, sidle (v.),
stick, weed, wise, wood, -yaws.
VOCABULARY OF DOUBLE WORDS.
97
crab's-claw, -eye, -stone.
crackajack, brain, -brained, jaw, -loo,-the-whip(n.).
crackleware.
cracksman.
cradleland.
craftsman, manship, master.
cragsman.
cram-full.
crampfish.
craneman.
crane's-bill.
craw-craw, fish.
creamcake, -colored, cups, -faced, -sacs, -slice.
creephole, mouse.
creve-cceur.
crewelwork.
crib-bite, work.
crinkleroot (n.).
croftland.
crookback, backed, bill, neck.
crooked-foot.
crop-ear, -eared, -full, -headed, weed.
cropple-crown.
cross-armed, band, -banded, bar, beak, beam,
-bearer, -bedded, belt, -bench, -benched, -bench-
edness, -bencher, -bias, -biased, bill (zoology),
-bind, bolt, -bond (v.), bones, bow, bowman,
bred, breed, -bun, -buttock, -buttocker, -channel,
-church, -compound (a.), -country, -crosslet,
-curve, cut, cutter, cutting, -examination, -exam-
ine, -examiner, -eye, -eyed, -face, -feed, -fertilize,
-fertilizable, -fertilization, -filing, -fire (v.), fish, flow,
flower ,-fox, -garnet, -grained, -grainedness, hackle,
hand, -handed, -handled, hatch, hatcher, hatch-
ing, haul, head, -headed, -halted, -interrogate,
-interrogation, -interrogatory, jack, -laminated,
legs, -legged, -leggedness, -lift, -light, -lighted,
line, -locking, -lots, -mate, over, patch, -pawl,
-peen, piece, -plow, -point (v.), -pollenize, -polli-
nate, -pollination, -purpose, -question, -question-
able, -reading, -refer, road, row, ruff, -spale,
-staff, -stitch, -stone, -stratified, -stratification,
tail, tie, -tining, toes, tree, walk, way, weed,
-week, wise, wort.
crowbar, bell, berry, flower, foot, footed, keeper,
-quill, -silk, -soap,* step, stepped, stone, toe.
crow's-bill, -foot (n.).
crownbeard, land, piece, -post, work.
crust-hunt (v.), -hunter (n.).
crypto (prefix) -double; the rest one word, unless
followed by cap, when use hyphen.
cubangle, -drawn.
cubby-hole, -house, yew.
cubo (prefix); all one word.
cuckoo-babies, -bread, bud, -flower, -fool, -maid,
-maiden, -mate, -meat, pint, pintle, -shoe, -sour.
cuckoo's-eye, -fool, -maid, -maiden, -mate, -meat,
-sandy, -sour.
cul-de-four, -de-lampe, -de-sac.
culverkey, tail, tailed, wort.
cumu-cirro-stratus.
cumulo-cirrus, -nimbus, -stratus.
cupbearer, board, flower, -headed (a.), -marker,
meal, -rose, seed, stone.
curb-sending, -signaling, stone.
cure-all.
curlyhead, -pate, -pated.
currycomb.
cushion-flower.
customhouse, -made.
cutaway, -grass, -in, lips, -off, -out, -paper, -tail,
throat, -toothed, -under, -up, water, weed, work,
worm.
D.
dairymaid, man, woman.
dandy-cock, -hen.
daneball, geld, law, wort.
dapple-bay, -gray.
dareall, -devil, -deviltry.
dartman.
dartsman.
dashboard, plate, pot, wheel.
daughter-in-law.
dayberry, book, break, -coal, dawn, dream, dreamer,
flower, fly, house, light, lighted, long, man, mare,
-peep, shine, spring, -star, tale, taler, tide, time,
woman, work, writ,
daysman.
dead-alive, -and-alive, -alivism, beat (a.) (physics),
-beat (a.), -born, -bright, -color, -dipped," -dip-
97724 13 7
ping, -drunk (a.), -drunkenness, eye, fall, head,
-hearted, -heartedly, -heat, -heater, house, latch,
light, lock, man, melt, -roasted, -stroke, -tongue
(n.), -weight, wood, wort.
deaf-dumb, -dumbness, -mute, -muteness,
-mutism.
dearborn, -bought.
deathbed, blow, day, -of-man (n.), -struck; watch.
deathsman.
death's-head.
deckle-edged.
deck-piercing.
decoyman.
deep-browed, -dyed, -grown, -laid,-mouthed,-piled,
-rooted, -rootedness, -sea, -seated, -set, -sinker,
-waisted.
deerberry, -foot, -hair, herd, horn, hound, -neck,
skin, stalker, stalking, -tongue, weed, wood.
deer's-hair, -milk, -tongue.
del ft ware.
demi-jour, -relief, -relievo, -tasse; the rest one
word.
dendro (prefix); all one word.
dentate-ciliate, -crenate, -serrate, -sinuate.
desser t-spoonful .
deutero (prefix); all one word.
devil-devil, -diver, -dodger, fish, -may-care, wood.
devil's-apron, -bit, -bite, -bones, -candlestick,
-claw -club, -coachhorse, -coach wheel, -curry-
comb, -ear, -eye, -fingers, -garter, -grandmother,
J g ri P -guts, -hair, -hand, -horn, -milk, -paint-
brush, -pitchforks, -plague, -root, -shoestrings,
-snuffbox, -stinkpot, -tether, -tongue, -trumpet,
-walking-stick.
dew-beater, berry, claw, cup, drop, fall, lap, lapped,
rot, worm.
diamond-back, -backed, -point (a.), -shaped.
dicebox, play.
die-away (a.), -back, -hard, sinker, sinking, -square,
stock.
dike-hopper, -louper, reeve.
dillydally, dallier.
dim-sighted, -sightedness.
diner-out.
dingdong, -dong (adv.).
dingle-bird, dangle.
dip-head.
direct-acting, -action, -connected, -coupled.
dirt-cheap.
dishcloth, -faced, -mustard, rag, washer, water.
ditchbur, down.
ditty-bag, -box.
divi-divi.
do-all, -little, -naught, -nothing, -nothingism,
-nothingness.
dock-walloper, yard.
doe-bird, skin.
dogbane, -banner, berry, -blow, bolt, bur, cart,
-cheap, -day (a.), -draw, -ear, -eared, -faced, fall,
fish, -fisher, -gone, -goned, -headed (a.), -hearted,
hole, -leg, -legged, mouth, -rose, shore, skin, sleep,
stone, -tail (a.), tie, -toes, tooth (a.), trick, trot,
vane, watch, -weary, whipper, wood.
dog's-bane, -chop, -cullions, -dinner, -ear, -finger,
-guts, -mouth, -nose, -poison, -rib, -tail, -tooth (a.),
-tongue.
dollar fish.
domebook.
domesbook, day, man.
doodlesack.
doombook.
doomsbook, day, man.
doorbell, brand, case, cheek, frame, keeper, mat,
nail, plate, post, sill, step, stone, stop, way, weed,
yard.
dope-book.
dos-a-dos.
doubleganger, tree; the rest take hyphen, except
double entente.
dough-baked, -bird, boy, face, -faced, faceism, nut.
dove-colored, cot, cote, -dock, -eyed, house, tail,
tailed, tailer.
dove's-foot.
downbeard, cast, castly, easiness, come, comer,
-draw, -drug, -east, -caster, fall, fallen, falling,
flow, haul, hearted, heartedly, heartedness, hill,
land, -lie, money, most, pour, right, rightly,
Tightness, rush, set, share, shoot, side, sitting,
stairs, stream, take, throw, thrown, trod, trodden,
ward, wardly, wardness, way, weed, weigh.
draftboard.
98
RULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION.
draftsman.
dragbar, bolt, hound, man, net, rope, -saw, staff.
draggle-tail, -tailed.
dragonhead, wort.
dragon's-claw, -mouth, -skin, -tongue, -wort.
drainpipe, tile.
drakestone.
dramseller, shop.
draw-arch, arm, back, bar, bays, beam, bench, bolt,
bore, boy, bridge, cut, dock, file, -filing, gate, gear,
gloves, head, horse, knife, knot, link, loom, net,
plate, rod, shave, sheet, spring, stop, tongs, tube
-water, -well (n.).
drawing-room,
drayman.
dread-bolted, naught.
dreamland, world,
dredgeman.
dressmaker, makership, makery, making,
driftbolt, piece, pin, way, weed, wind, wood.
drillmaster, stock,
drink-hail,
dripstick, stone,
driveboat, bolt, cap, head, pipe, screw, way, well,
wheel,
dronepipe.
dropberry, -flower, -flue, -forge (v.), head, -kick,
-kicker, -light, -out, seed, worm, wort,
drove-road, -way.
drug-ice.
drumbeat, fish, head, skin, stick, wood,
dry-as-dust (a.) -beat, -boned, -bones (n.), -clean,
-cleanse, -cure, -dock (v.), -eyed, -grind, -grinder,
nurse (v.), -paved, -paving, -rot, -rub, -salt (v.),
salter, saltery, -shave, -shod, -stone,
dub-a-dub.
duckbill, -billed, -footed, -legged, meat, stone,
weed, wing.
duck's-bill (a.), -foot, -meat, -off.
duebill.
dugout, way.
duilhead; adjectives take hyphen.
dumb-bell, -waiter.
dunderhead, headed, pate.
dungfork, heap, hill, hilly, meer.
dustbin, brush, -devil, man, pan, plate.
Dutchman's-breeches, -pipe (plants),
dyehouse, -leaves, stone, stuff, ware, weed, wood.
dynamo (prefix) -electric, -electrical.
E.
eagle-eyed, -sighted, stone, -winged, wood.
earache, bob, -brisk, cap, cockle, drop, drum, lap,
-leaved, lock, mark, -minded, -mindedness, pick,
piece, piercer, reach, ring, screw, shot, sore, -split-
ting, tab, wax, wig, wiggy (a.), wigginess (n.),
witness, wort.
earthbag, -ball, bank, board, born, -bound, bred,'
-club, drake, fall, fast, light, nut, pea, quake,
shock, star, tongue, wolf, work, worm.
earthen-hearted, ware.
earthly-minded, -mindedness, -wise.
Eastertide.
eastbound (also northbound, southbound, west-
bound), -insular, -windy.
easy-chair, -going.
eat berry.
eavesdrop, dropper, dropping.
edgebone, shot, stone, ways, weed, wise.
eel-back, buck, fare, fish, grass, mother, pot, pout,
skin, spear, ware, worm.
egg-apple, -bound, eater, -eating (a.), nog, -peg,
plant, -shaped, shell, wife.
egotheism.
eight foil, fold, score, -square.
elfoowboard. chair, room.
elderberry, hood, man, woman, wort.
electro-analysis, -engrave, -engraving, -etching; the
rest one word, except electro galvanized.
elephant's-ear, -foot, -head (plants).
eleuthero (prefix); all one word.
elf hood, kin, land, lock, -shoot (v.), stricken, wort.
elfenfolk.
elk wood.
elliptic-lanceolate.
ellwand.
elsewhere, whither, wise.
ember-goose.
embryologic, logical, logically, plastic.
emeto-cathartlc.
end-all, game, -grain -(a.), long, most, -organ,
-stopped, -stopping, ways, wise.
englneman, -sized, -turned, -turner, -type (a.).
entire-wheat (a.).
entryman, way.
erecto-patent.
erelong, now, while.
erstwhile.
evenclose, down, fall, glome, hand, -handed,
minded, song, tide.
evening-snow, -song.
everblooming, during, glade, green, lasting, last-
ingly, lastingness, living, more.
everybody, day (a.), how, one (pronoun), thing,
when, whence, where, whither.
evildoer, -eyed, -favored, -minded, -mindedness,
-starred.
ewegang, -necked.
ex (prefix for former condition or office held); all
take hyphen.
ex officio.
excito (prefix); all take hyphen.
ex-official, -voto.
expressman.
extra (prefix) -alimentary, -analogical, -articular,
-atmospheric, -axillar, -axillary, -embryonic,
-enteric, -inductive, -intellectual, -ocular, -official,
-red, -uterine; the rest one word.
eyeball, balm, bar, beam, bolt, bridled (a.), bright,
brow, cup, drop, flap, glance, glass, hole, lash.
3, less, lid, mark, -minded, -mindedness, piece,
lens,
pit, point, reach, root, seed, servant, server,
service, shot, sight, sore, -splice, spot, -spotted,
stalk, stone, strain, string, tooth, waiter, wash,
water, wink, winker, witness, wort.
F.
face-arbor, -bedded, -harden, plate, wise, work.
facsimile.
fag-end.
faint-heart, -hearted, -heartedly, -heartedness,
-run.
fair-days (n.), -faced, -grass, ground, -haired, -lead,
-leader, -leading, -minded, -mindedness, -natured,
-spoken, way, -weather (a.).
fairyhood, land, like.
falcon-beaked, bill, -gentil, -gentle.
faldstool.
fal-lal, -lallery.
fallage, -back, -down, fish, -trap, way.
f alse-heartedness; adjectives take hyphen.
fan-crested, dangle, fare, fish, flower, foot, light,
-nerved, tail, -tailed, -tan, -veined, -work, wort.
fancy-free, -loose, -man, -sick, -woman, work.
far-away, -come, -fetched, -forth, -gone, -off, -reach-
ing, seeing, -sight, sighted, sightedly, sightedness.
fardel-bound.
farmhold, house, stead, steading, yard.
fashion-monger, -monging.
fasthold, land.
fatback, bird, -brained, -faced, head, -headed,,
-headedness, -lean, -witted, wood.
father-in-law, land, -lasher.
faultfinder, finding.
f aussebraye, -brayed.
fawn-colored.
fearnaught.
f eatherbird, bone, brain, brained, edge, edged, few,
foil, -footed, head, -headed, -heeled, man, pated,
-staff, stitch, tongue (v.), top, -veined, -weed>
weight, -weighted, wing, work, worker.
feeble-minded, -mindedly, -mindedness.
fee-faw-fum.
fellowcraft, feel, ship.
felo-de-se.
f er-de-fourchette, -de-lance, -de-moline.
fernbird, brake, gale, leaf, shaw, wort.
ferro (prefix); all one word.
ferryboat, -flat, house, man, -master.
fetterbush, lock.
feverbush, few, root, -trap, twig, weed,
fiber-faced.
fibrous-rooted.
fiddle-back, deedee, -faced, -faddle, -faddler,
-shaped, stick, string, wood.
field-cornet, fare, piece, work (military).
fighting-cock.
figure-four (trap), head, headless, headship.
VOCABULARY OF DOUBLE WORDS.
99
flgworm, wort.
fllefish, -hard (a.).
finback, fish, foot, -footed, scale, -spined, -toed.
fine-ax, -bore, draw, drawn, -headed, spun,
-still (n.), still (v.), stiller, top.
finger-berry, breadth, smith, stone.
firearm, armed, back, ball, bird, board, bolt,
bolted, bote, boot, brand, brat, break, coat,
-crack (v.), cracker, crest, dog, drake, dragon,
-eyed, fang, -fanged, fish, flame, flaught, flirt,
fly, guard, -hot, -hunt, -leaves, light, lock, man,
master, -new, place, proof, proofing, -raiser,
-raising, room, side, stone, tail, -tailed, top,
warden, weed, wood, work, worm.
flrst-bom(a.),-class(a.),-foVhand,ship,-rate,-rater.
flshback, -bellied, bolt, bone, -culturist, eye,
-eyed, -fag, garth, gig, hook, -joint (v.), line, man,
monger, mouth, plate, pond, pool, pound, skin,
tail, way, weir, wife, woman, wood, works,
worker, worm.
fltroot, weed.
five-corners (plant), -finger, fold, -leaf, -leaved,
-lined, pence, penny, score, -shooter, -sisters
(plant), some, -twenty.
flagman, pole, root, ship, staff, stone, worm.
flame-colored, flower, -of-the-woods.
flannel-leaf, mouth.
flapdragon, -eared, jack, -mouthed.
flareback, -out, -up.
flashboard, -light (a.), monger, pan.
flatboat, bottom (n.), -bottomed, cap, -com-
pounded, fish, -footed, -footedly, -footedness,
"head (a.), -headed, iron land, man, -minded,
-nosed, -top, ware, ways, wise, weed, woods,
worm.
flaxbush, -polled, seed, -star, tail, weed, wort.
fleabane, bite, bitten, -dock, lugged, seed, weed,
wood, wort.
fleet-foot, -footed.
flesh-colored, -fallen, hook, pot.
fleur-de-lis.
flight-shot.
flimflam, flammer.
flint-hearted, lock, ware, wood.
flip-flap, -flop, jack.
flittermouse.
flixweed.
floatboard, -feed (a.), man, stone.
flockman, master, owner, wise.
floodcock, gate, mark.
floorcloth, head, walker, wise.
flower-de-luce, pot.
fluework.
fluid-compressed (a.).
fluke worm, wort.
fluor (prefix); all one word.
flushboard.
flute-douce, like, mouth, work.
fluvioglacial, -marine, terrestrial.
flyaway (a.), back, bane, -bitten, blow (n.), blown,
boat, boy, -by-night, catcher, -catching, eater,
fish, -fisher, -fisherman, flap, flapper, leaf, man,
speck, tail, trap, -up-the-creek, wheel, wort..
foambow, flower.
fogbow, dog, eater, fruit, horn, -logged, man.
fold-course.
lolkfree, land, lore, moot, mote, right.
follow-my-leader, -on.
foodstuffs.
foolfish, hardihood, hardiness, hardy, proof, ship.
foolscap.
fool's-coat.
football, bailer, ballist, board, boy, breadth,
bridge, cloth, -drop, fall, fight, gang, gauger,
gear, halt, hill, hold, -length, licker, lights, lining,
lock, -loose, man, mark, note, pace, pad, path,
pick, plate, -pound, -pound-second (phys.), print,
rill, rope, scald, -second, -side, sore, stalk, stall,
step, stick, stock, stone, stool, -sugar, wall, walk,
way, wear, work, worm, worn.
forasmuch, ever, sooth, spend, swear.
lore (prefix) -adapt, -and-aft, -and-after, -announce,
-answer, -being, -bemoan, -bespeak, -bless, board,
-bowels, -bowline, -conclude, -elder, -fit, -girth,
-glide, -gut, -horse, -imagine, -instruct, -intend,
misgiving, -sheet, -tenant, -tooth, -topgallant,
topmast, -topsail, -world; the rest one word, ex-
cept the following, which are two words: bay,
bow, cabin, caddie, companion, eccentric, edge,
end, part, pillow, plane, quarter, sight (of a gun).
forget-me-not.
lorkbeard, head, tail, -tailed.
forth (prefix); all one word.
fortune-hunting, -telling (a.).
foul-mouthed, -spoken.
fountainhead.
four-ball, -cant, -centered, -color, -cornered, -cycle,
-dimensional, -eyed, -eyes, fold, -foot, -footed,
-hand, -handed, -hander, -horned, -horse, -horsed,
-in-hand, -legged, -masted, -oared, -o'clock, -part,
pence, penny, -post, -posted, -poster, pounder,
score, some, square, -strand, -stranded, -toes,
-tooth, -way, -went, -wheel, -wheeled, -wheeler.
fowlfoot.
foxbane, berry, feet, finger, fish, -furred, glove,
hound, -hunt (v.), -hunting, like, ship, tail,
tailed, tongue, wood.
fracto-cumulus, -nimbus, -stratus.
framework.
frank-chase, -fee, -ferm, -hearted, -heartedness,
incense, incensed, marriage, pledge, -tenant,
-tenement, -tenure.
freeboard, boot (v.), booter, booting, -born, -for-all,
-hand , -handed , -hearted , -heartedly , -heartedness,
hold, holder, holding, -lance, -living, -loving, man,
martin, mason, masonic, masonry, -milling,
-minded, -quarter, -quarterer, -soil, -soiler,
-spoken, stone, -swimming, -swimmer, -tailed,
thinker, thinking, -tongued, -trading, wheel,
wheeler, will (a.), -willed, -wilier, woman.
freedman, woman.
freshman, woman, -water (a.).
fretwork.
friar's-cap, -cowl, -crown, -goose, hood, thistle
(plants).
friction-tight.
frigate-built.
frillback.
fringepod.
frogbit, -eye, fish, foot, hopper, land, leaf, mouth,
stool.
frontiersman.
frostbird, bite, -blite, bow, fish, flower, itch,
-nail (v.), root, weed, work.
froufrou.
fruitstalk.
fugleman.
full; adjectives and adverbs take the hyphen.
f undholder, monger, mongering.
funnelform.
furrow-faced.
G.
gableboard.
gadabout, bee, bush, fly, man, wall.
gaff -topsail.
gag-check (v.), -reined, root.
gainsay, sayer, twist.
gallbush, flower, fly, nut, stone, weed, -wind, wort.
galley-bird, man, -west, worm.
galvano (prefix); all one word.
gameball, cast, cock, keeper.
gangboard, gang, master, plank, tide, way.
gape-gaze, seed, worm.
gapingstock.
gap-toothed.
garbill, board, fish.
gardengate (flower).
garefowl.
garnet-work.
gas-fired, light, lighting, lighter, man, -tight (a.).
gastro (prefix); all one word.
gatchwork.
gatehouse, keeper, man, post, ward, way, wise.
gavelkind. .
gay- wings (n.).
gazehound.
gazingstock.
gelatino-bromide, -chloride.
gem-fruit.
gems bok, horn.
gentlehood, folk, -hearted, man, woman.
get-at-able, -away, -off, -up.
giddyberry, -head, -headed, -paced.
gill-flirt, -flirting, -hooter,house,-netter,-overground,
-run.
gilt-edge, -edged, head, tail,
gimcrack, crackery.
gimbal-jawed.
100
RULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION.
gimber-jawed.
-gimleteyed (a.).
ginger-beery, bread, leaf, nut, root, snap, -work,
wort.
ginhouse, shop, -spinner.
gird lest ead.
girtline.
give-and-take, -away.
glass-faced, -glazed, house, maker, man, -paper (v.),
-rope, ware, weed, work, worker, worm, wort.
glauco (prefix); all one word.
gleeman, maiden, woman.
glia-cell.
globefish, flower, -trotter, -trotting.
globo-cumulus.
glowfly, lamp, worm.
gluepot.
go-ahead, -as-you-please, bang, bar, -between, -by,
cart, -devil, down, -off.
goatbeard, bush, drunk, fish, herd, -kneed, -pepper,
root, skin, stone, sucker, weed.
goatsbane, beard, eye, foot.
goat's-hair, -head, -horn, -leaf, -rue, -thorn, -wheat.
godchild, daughter, father, head, mother, parent,
send, wit.
God-fearing, -man, speed, ward (a.).
goggle-eye, -eyed.
goldbeater, beating, -bloom, -brick (v.), bug,
-chain, crap, crest, -cup, -filled, finch, finny, fish,
-hammer, -laced, -of-pleasure, seed, -shrub, smith,
smithery, spink, stone, thread, tit, weed, work,
worker.
golden-banded, -crested, -crowned, -eye, -eyed,
hair, head, knop, locks, -mouthed, pert, rod,
seal, -spoon, wing, winged.
gong-gong.
good-by, -fellowship, -humored, -humoredly, -look-
ing, man, -natured, -naturedly, -tempered, wife.
goody-good, -goody, -goodyism.
goose-beak, berry, bill, fish, fleshy, foot, herd,
house, neck, necked (a.), -rumped, weed, wheat,
wing, winged.
gospel-like (adv.), -true.
goutweed, wort.
grab-all, hook.
graft-hybridism.
grain-burnt, -cut, field.
grandaunt, child, daughter, dad, daddy, -ducal,
father, fatherly, ma, mamma, mother, motherly,
nephew, niece, pa, papa, parent, pere, sire, son,
uncle.
grapeflower, fruit, root, shot, stone, vine, wort.
grapho (prefix); all one word.
grasschat, cut, cutter, flower, -green, -grown,
hopper, land, man, nut, plat, work, worker.
graveclothes, digger, stone, yard.
gravel-blind, root, stone, weed.
grayback, beard, coat, fish, fly, head, pate, stone,
wacke, wether.
greasebush, fish, horn, wood.
great-aunt, -bellied, -circle (a.), coat, -eyed, footed,
-grandchild, -granddaughter, -grandfather, -grand-
mother, -grandson, -hearted, -heartedness,
-mouthed, nephew, -niece, -uncle.
greedy-gut.
greenback, backer, bone, brier, coat, -eyed, finch,
fish (n.), gage, gill, grocer, grocery, head, heart,
hide, horn, house, room, -salted, sand, sauce
(plant), shank, sick (a.), sickness, side, stick,
stone, sward, tail, -tail (a.), weed, wing, -winged
(a.), withe, wood, wort.
griddlecake.
gridiron.
grillroom.
grindstone.
grlpman, sack.
gristmill.
grltrock, stone. -
grogshop.
groomsman.
grosbeak, grain.
grottowork.
groundberry, down, -fast, man, mass, needle, nut,
sel, sluice (v.), ward, work,
grown-up,
grubstake, worm,
guard fish, house, rail, room, stone,
guardsman,
guess-warp, work.
guest-rope.
guideboard, book, craft, post, way.
guildhall.
guilt-sick.
gulfweed.
gull-catcher.
gullyhole, -raker.
gumboil, digger, digging, drop, resinous, wood.
gunboat, bright, cotton, fire, flint, lock, maker,
making, man, paper, powder, powdery, reach,
shot, -shy, shyness, smith, smithery, smithing,
stick, stock, stocker, wale.
gutta-percha.
gutweed, worm, wort.
gutter-blood, snipe, tree.
gypsy weed, wort.
H.
hackbarrow, berry, man, thorn.
hackneyman.
hagbefry, boat, bolt, born, bush, fish, ride, seed,
weed, -wood.
ha-ha.
hailstone, storm.
hairbird, brained, -bramble, -branch (tree),
breadth, brush, cap (moss), cloth, -cup (flower),
-drawn, dress, dresser, dressing, pin, splitter,
splitting, spring, streak, tail, trigger (flower),
weed, worm.
hairy-foot (plant).
half-and-half, -baked, beak, -beam, -bent, -blooded,
-boot, -bound, -bred, -breed, -caste, cock (v.),
-consonant, -cracked, -decked, -decker, -faced,
-hardy, -headed, -hearted, -heartedly, -hearted-
ness, -hourly, -inferior, -length, -lop, man, -mast,
-moon, pace, paced, penny, pennyworth, -port,
-rater, -round (a.), -saved, -seas (a.), -shade,
-shrub, -sole (v.), -solid (a.), staff, -strained,
strong (phonetics), -sword, -terete, -timbered,
-time (a.), -timer, tone (a.), -tongue, -turn (a.),
-volley (v.), way, wit, -witted, -world, -yearly.
hallboy, -mark (v.), moot, way.
halterbreak (v.).
hamfatter, shackle, string.
hammerbird, cloth, -dress (v.), hard (a.), -harden,
-head, -headed, man, -refined, smith, stone, toe,
wort, -wrought.
handball, barrow, bill, blow, book, bow, breadth,
-broad, cart, clap, clasp, cloth, craft, cuff,
-culverin, fast, fasting, fish, -fives, ful, grip, grip-
ing, gun, -hoe (v.), hoer, hold, hole, kerchief, laid,
-line (v.), -liner, made, maid, maiden, -me-down,
-organist, -out, -pollinate (v.), post (n.), rail,
railing, sale, saw, seller, shake, shaking, spike,
spoke, spring, stroke, -sweep, -taut, -tight, -tooled,
-tooling, waled, warp, wheel, work, workman,
-worked, write (v.), writing, -wrought.
handlebar.
handy-billy, -dandy.
hangbird, -choice, dog, fire, man, nail, nest, worm,
worthy (a.).
hanger-on.
haplo (prefix); all one word.
happy-go-lucky.
hara-kiri.
hardback, bake, beam, -bitted, -boiled, -bound,
-cured, -drawn, -favored, -favoredness, -featured,
-featured ness, -fed, fern, -fisted, -fistedness,
-grained, hack, -handed, -handedness, head,
-headed, -headedness, -hearted, -heartedly, -heart-
edness, -mouthed, pan, -set, -shell, -shelled, ship,
-spun, -tack, tail, -upness, -visaged, ware, weed,
wood, -wooded.
hardwareman.
harebell, brain, brained, brainedly, brainedness,
-eyed, foot, -hearted, hound, lip, lipped, -mad, nut.
hare's-bane, -beard, -ear, -foot, -meat, -tail (plants).
hartshorn.
hart's-tongue (n.), -ear.
harum-scarum.
harvestman.
hatband, box, pin, rack, rail, -shag, stand, -tree.
hatch-boat, way.
haulabout, back.
hausse-col.
hautboy, gout, pas, -relief.
haver-corn, grass, meal, sack.
hawkberry, bill, -billed, bit, -eyed, -nose, -nosed,
nut, shaw, weed.
VOCABULARY OF DOUBLE WORDS.
101
hawk's-beard, -bill (n.)-
hawser-laid.
hay-band, bird, bote, cock, crome, field, fork, loft,
maker, making, mow, rack, rake, rick, -scented,
seed, stack, ward.
hazelnut, wort.
headache, -aching, achy, band, bander, -bay,
block, board, borough, cap, chair, cheese, chute,
cloth, cracker, dress, -drop, fish, frame, gear,
-hunter, -hunting, kerchief, land, ledge, light, line,
long, man, mark, mold, most, note, -on, piece,
plate, post, quarters, race, rail, reach, rent, rest,
right, ring, room, rope, sail, shake, ship, sill,
skin, spring, stall, stick, stock, stone, strong,
strongly, strongness, tire, ward, water, way, wear,
word, work.
headsman.
heal-all.
hearsay.
hearsccloth, like.
heartache, beat, bird, break, breaking, broken,
brokenness, burn, burning, dear, deep, -easing,
-eating, felt, -free, grief, -heavy, -heaviness, leaf,
-leaved (a.), pea, quake, -rending, -robbing,
-scald, seed, -shaped, sick, -sickening, sickness,
some, sore, -stirring, stricken, strike (v.), string,
struck, -swelling, water, ward, weed, -whole,
-wholeness, wise, wood, wort, -wounded (a.).
hearthrug, stone, ward, warming (n.).
heartsease.
heathberry, clad.
heaven (prefix); adjectives take hyphen.
heavy back, head (a.), weight; adjectives take
hyphen.
hedgeberry, born, bote, hog, pig, row.
heel-and-toe, ball, -cap (v.), path, piece, plate, post,
ring, strap, tap, tool, tree.
heigh-ho.
hellbender, bind, born, box, bred, -brewed, broth,
-cat, -diver, dog, -fire, hag, -haunted, hound, kite,
raker, root, ward, weed.
helmet-crest, pod.
helmsman.
helmwind.
helpmate, meet.
helter-skelter.
hempseed, string, weed, wort.
hemstitch, stitched.
henbane, bill, bit, coop, cote, -driver, -feathered,
fish, -hearted, house, hussy, peck, roost, wife.
henceforth, forward.
henchboy, man.
hepato (prefix) -pancreas; the rest one word.
herb-bane.
Hercules'-club.
herdbook, boy, wick.
herdsman, woman.
hereabout, after, at, by, from, in, inafter, inbefore,
into, of, on, to, tofore, under, unto, upon, with.
herol-comic, -comical.
herringbone, -kale.
hetero-albumose, -infection, -inoculable, -inocula-
tion; the rest one word.
heyday.
hidden-veined.
hideaway, bind, bound.
high (prefix) ball, binder, born, boy, "faluting,
flyer, flying, -holder, -hoe, land, lander, -low,
-mindedly, -mindedness, -muck-a-muck, road,
-spiritedness, -stepper, way, way man; the rest
take hyphen.
hillberry, bird, man, side, top, woman, wort.
hindberry, -brain, -gut, most, sight.
hiphalt, -hop, shot, wort.
hippety-hoppety.
hippo (prefix); all one word.
hit-and-miss (a.), -or-miss (a.).
hoarfrost, stone.
hobbyhorse.
hob-and-nob, goblin, nail, nailed, nob.
hocus-pocus.
hodgepodge.
hoecake, down.
hogback, -backed, -bed, -bite, -brace, -bull, chain,
choker, -colt, fish, -frame, -maned, -mouthed,
-nose, nose (snake), nut, pen, score, skin, sty,
wash, weed, wort.
hog's-back, -bane, -bean, -bread, -fennel, -garlic,
-grass, madder, -meat.
hogshead.
hoistaway, way.
hoity-toity.
hokey-pokey.
holdall, back, fast, out, up.
holder-forth, -up.
holewort.
hollow-hearted, -heartedness, -horned.
hollyhock.
holus-bolus.
holyday, stone, tide.
home-born, -bound, -bred, -brew, -brewed, come,
-coining, -driven, -felt, -keeper, -keeping, land,
likeness, made, sick, sickness, spun, stead,
steader, ward, wort.
homo (prefix); all one word, except homo mensura.
honestone, wort.
honeyballs, bee, berry, comb, -combing, dew,
dewed, drop, -lipped, moon, -mouthed, pod, -pot,
-stalks, suckle, suckled, sweet, -tongued, ware
(plant), wood, wort.
hoodcap, wink, wort.
hoofbound, print, rot.
hook-billed, -nosed, -weed, worm.
hooky-crooky.
hoopstick, wood.
hop-about, bine, scotch, -toad, vine (n.), -vine (a.),
yard.
hornbeak, beam, bill, blende, block, blower, book,
-eyed, fish, -mad, -madness, -pie, pipe, plant,
stay, stone, swoggle, tail, tip, work, worm, wort.
horny-handed, head.
horror-stricken.
horseback, bane, -chestnut, -eye, fight, fish, flesh,
flower, fly, foot, -guardsman, hair, haired, head
(fish), herd, hide, hoof (plant), jockey, laugh,
laugher, laughter, leech, load, man, manship,
mint, play, -pipe, pond, power, pox, -racing (a.),
-radish, rake, shoe, shoer, tail, way, weed, whip,
whipper, woman, womanship, wood.
hose-in-hose.
hotbed, -blooded, -brain, -brained, -drawn, foot,
-head, -headed, -hoof, house, -press, -presser, -roll,
-short, -shortness, -shot, -spirited, spur, spurred,
-tempered.
houndfish.
hound's-tongue (weed).
hourglass.
houseball, -boat (v.), bote, bound, break (v.),
breaker, breaking, builder, carl, father, ful,
-headship, heating, hold, holder, holding, keep
(v.), keeper, keeping, leek, line, maid, master,
mate, mating, mother, ridden, room, smith, top,
warm (v.), warming, wife, work, wright.
howbeit, -do-you-do (n.), ever, soever.
hubble-bubble.
huckleback, backed, berry.
hugger-mugger.
humanhood, kind.
humpback, backed, -shouldered.
humpty-dumpty (a.).
hunchback, backed.
hundredfold, -pounder (military), weight.
hunger-bit.
huntsman, woman.
huntsman's-cup, -horn (plants).
hunt's-up (tune).
hurdy-gurdy.
hurly-burly.
hurricane-decked.
husbandman.
hydra-tainted.
hydro (prefix) -economics, -extract, -extractor; the
rest one word.
hyper (prefix); all one word, unless followed by
cap, when use hyphen.
hypo-ellipsoid, -iodites, -iodous, -isotonic; the rest
one word.
I.
iceberg, blink, -bone, bound, -brook, -cold, craft,
fall, -fern, fish, -flower, -free, land, man, quake,
work.
ideal-realism (n.).
lleo-ileostomy; the rest one word.
lll-advisedly, -affectedness, -favoredly, -humoredly,
-manneredly, -mindedness, -naturedly, -natured-
ness, -temperedly, -temperedness, treat, -wilier,
-wish (v.), -wisher; adjectives take hyphen.
imp-pole.
102
KULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION.
in-and-in, -and-out, -clearer, -clearing, -going; the
rest one word.
incense-breathing.
Inchmeal, pin, worm.
india-rubber (a.).
infantryman.
Infra (prefix) -auricular, -axillary, -esophageal,
-red; trie rest one word.
inglenook.
inkberry, fish, holder, horn, pot, root, stand, stone,
well, wood, writer.
innholder, keeper, yard.
internal-combustion (a.).
intra-abdominal, -acinous, -alveolar, -arterial,
-articular, -ecclesiastical, -epithelial, -imperial,
-vitam; the rest one word except intra vires.
Ironbark, -bound, -cased, -casing, clad, -fisted, -gray,
-handed, -hard, -headed, -hearted, man, master,
-mold (v.), monger, mongering, -shod, -shot,
-sick, side (n.), -sided (a.), smith, stone, ware,
weed, wood, work, -worked, worker, working,
wort.
islesman.
ivorybill, -billed (a.), type, -white, wood.
Ivybells, berry, -leaved, wood, wort.
J.
Jack-a-dandy, -among-the-maids, ass, at-a-pinch,
-at-the-hedge, bird, -booted, -by-the-hedge, daw,
fish, fishing, -go-to-bed-at-noon, -head, -in-a-box,
-in-offlce, -in-the-basket, -in-the-box, -in-the-bush,
-in-the-green, -in-the-hedge, -in-the-pulpit, -in-the-
water, -in-trousers, -jump-about, knife, leg,
-light (v.), -of-all-trades, -o'-lantern, -of-the-
buttery, -plane (v.), pudding, saw, screw, shaft,
shay, slave, snipe, stay, stone, straw, -tar, wood,
-yarder.
jailbird.
jarfly, nut, -owl.
jawbone, breaker, fall, fallen, fish, foot, footed,
-locked, smith.
layhawk, hawker, -pie, weed.
jellyfish, leaf,
jerkinhead.
jerry-build (v.), -builder, -built,
jet-black.
ewbush, fish, stone,
ewelhouse, weed,
ew's-ear, -harp, -stone,
ews'-thorn.
ibhead, -header, -o-jib.
ig-a-jig, -a-jog, jog, -saw (v.).
ill-flirt.
Jimbang, crack, -crow (mach.), sedge,
jinglejangle (v.), -jangle,
jobbernowl.
jobman, master, mistress, monger, smith.
Job's-tears.
jogglework.
Johnadreams, -apple.
johnnycake, -cranes.
Jolnt>a\vned, -bedded, weed, worm.
Jolly-boat, head, tail.
Jolterhead, headed, headedness.
joulemeter.
"ourneyman, woman, work,
udge-made.
ugfish, -fishing (n.).
unkman.
Juryman, -rigged, woman.
juxta (prefix) -ampullary, -tropical; the rest one
word.
K.
kangaroo' s-foot (plant).
kcelbill, bird, -bully, fat, haul, hauled, -line, man,
rake, -rope, vat.
keepsake, worthy (a.).
kelpfish, ware, wort,
kenlore, mark,
kennelraker.
kcmdwort.
kero-water.
kettleoase, dock, drum, drummer, pins,
key board, -cold (a.), cold (n.), hole, note, -seat (a.),
soatcr, stone, -stop, -stringed, way.
kick-bull, -off, -out, -up.
kid-glove, -gloved.
kidney-root, -shaped, wort.
kill-cow, crop, deer, -devil, -joy, -pot.
kiln-dry (v.), eye, hole, rib, stick, tree.
kind-hearted, -heartedness.
klng-at-arms, bird, bolt, craft, cup, fish, fisher,
-head, maker, -of-arms, -pin, -post, -rod, wood.
king's (prefix for tree and plants); all take hyphen,
kinsfolk, man, people, woman,
kipskin.
kirkman, yard,
kiss-me, -me-quick.
Kit-cat.
kitchen-garten, -maid,
kite-bar, flier, flying,
kittenhearted.
klipfish.
knappan, sack, sacked, sacking, weed,
knee-breeched, brush, cap, -cooking, -deep, -halter
(v.), -high, -jointed, pan, piece, -sprung, stone.
-tied,
knife-bayonet, board, -edge, -edged, -handle,
-plaited (a.), smith,
knight-errant, -errantry, fish, head.
knight's (prefix for plants); all take hyphen,
knitwork.
knobstick, -root, weed. wood,
knockabout, away, down, -knee, -kneed, -off, -out
stone, up.
knotberry, grass, head, horn, root, weed, work,
wort.
know-all, -nothing, -nothingism.
knucklebone, -deep, -duster, -joint (v.), -kneed,
kohl-rabi.
Ku-Klux.
L.
labor-saving.
lac (prefix); all one word, except lao sumac and
lac tree.
lacebark, leaf, man, pod, wing, -winged, woman,
wood, work.
lackall, brain, land, luster, lustrous.
ladder-backed, way.
ladybird, bug, clock, fish, -killer, -killing, like,^ove.
lady's (prefix for botanical names); all take hyphen.
lakeland, side, weed.
lambale, kill, kin, like, -pie, skin.
lamb's (prefix for botanical names); all take
hyphen.
lampblack, fly, light, lighter, -lit, -post.
lance-leaved (a.), man, pod, wood.
land-book, -bred, -cast, -end, fall, flood, folk,
-grabber, -grabbing, grave, gravine, holder, hold-
ing, -horse, lady, lock, locked, looker, lord, louper,
louping (a.), lubber, man, mark, owner, owning,
-poor, reeve, right, -sale (a.), scape, slide, slip,
storm, ward, -wash, wreck.
lantern-jawed, man.
lapboard, -butted, -jointed (a.), -lap, stone, streak,
streaked, streaker, -weld (v.), welded, wing, work.
large-acred, -eyed, -handed, -headedness, -hearted,
-heartedness, -minded, -mindedness, -mouthed.
lark-colored, -heel, -heeled (a.), spur.
lasslorn.
latchkey, string.
lathe-bore (v.), reeve.
lathwork.
latter-day, most.
lattice-leaf (n.), work.
laughingstock.
latighworthy.
laundryman.
law-abiding, breaker, breaking, giver, giving, -hand,
maker, making, man, monger, suit, -worthy.
lawyerlike.
lay-by (n.), -down (a.), man, out, -over, stall,
woman.
lazyback, -bed, bones, boots.
leadback, hillite, man, -off (n.), stone, way, work,
wort.
leadsman.
leafcup, -red, stalk, work; adjectives take hyphen.
lean-face (a.), -faced (a.) , -to, -witted.
leapfrog, frogpcr.
leasehold, holder, holdine:.
leatherback, bark, board, bush, coat, -ear, fish,
head, -headed, jacket, leaf, neck, side, stocking,
ware, wing, -winged, wood.
leave-taking.
leeangle, board, -bow, ward, way.
leechcraf t, eater.
VOCABULARY OF DOUBLE WORDS.
103
left-eye, -footed, -footedness, -hand (a.), -handed,
-handedness.-hander, most, -off, ward.
leg-of-mutton (a.).
lego-literary (a.).
lemon-scented, weed, wood.
leopard wood.
leopard's-bane.
let-alone (a.), -off, -up.
letter-bound, head, -high, leaf, -learned, -learning,
-perfect, press, -winged (a.), -wood.
levelman; adjectives take hyphen.
licker-in.
lickety-cut, -split
Ijckpenny, -spit, -spittle.
lie-de-vin.
lieno (prefix); -intestinal; the rest one word.
lie-tea.
lifeblood, boat, cord, -giver, -giving, hold, holder,
like, long, mate, rent, renter, -safe (n.), -saver,
-saving, -size, spring, string, -tide, time, -weary.
light-armed, boat, -fingered, -foot, -footed, -handed,
-handedness, head, -headed, -headedness,
-hearted, -heartedness, -heeled, -horseman, house,
houseman, -limbed, -minded, -mindedness,
-o'-love, room, ship, -struck, -tight, weight,
-winged, -witted, wood.
lighterman, -screw.
lign-aloes.
lignum-vitae.
like-minded, -mindedness.
lily-handed, -livered, -white, wort.
lime-ash, -bush, -juicer, kiln, light, rock, stone,
wash, water. /
llnchbolt, pin, pinned.
lineameter, man, -out, -riding, -up, work.
line-of-battle ship.
linkboy, man, work.
linsey-woolsey.
lintseed, stock, white.
lionfish, -heart, -hearted, -heartedness, like, -tailed.
lion's (prefix for botanical names); all take hyphen.
lip-back, -born, -deep, fish, -good.
liquidambar.
listwork.
litho (prefix); all one word.
live-forever, long.
liverberry, wort; adjectives take hyphen.
liveryman.
lizard's- tail.
loadstar, stone.
loanmonger.
lobcock, fig, -grass, scouse, scouser, sided, tail (v.),
worm.
lobefoot, footed.
lobster-tail, -tailed.
lobster's-claw.
lockchest, -down (n.), fast, jaw, man, out, smith,
spit, up, work.
loco; all one word, except loco weed.
lodestar, stone, stuff.
loft-dried.
loftsman.
loganberrv.
logcock, fish, head, headed, man, roll, roller, rolling,
way, wood, work.
loggerhead, headed.
longbeak, beard, bill, boat, -distance (a.), ear, fin,
hand, head, -headedness, horn, jaw, legs, -lining,
-livedness, neck, nose, -off, -on, pod, shanks,
shore, shoreman, shucks, -sightedness, some,
someness, somely (adv.), spun, spur, -stop, -suffer-
ing, -sufferance, -tackle, tail, -tongue, wall, way,
ways, windedly, -windedness, wise, wool, work,
wort; adjectives take hyphen.
lookdown, -in, out.
looker-on.
looking-glass.
loophole, holed, light, work.
loose-bodied, -jointed, strife, -tongued.
lop-ear, -eared, seed, sided.
lot-tree.
lotus-eater, -eating.
loud-mouthed, -voiced.
loup-cervier, -garou, -the-dike.
louseberry, wort.
love-entangle, flower, lace, lock, lorn, -maker, -mak-
ing, mate, sick, sickness, some, worthy.
loving-kindness.
lowborn, bred -browed, -down, -downer, land,
lander, -lived, -minded, -mindedness, -necked,
-pressure, -spirited, -studded, -though ted, -wood.
| Low-Churchism, -Churchist, -Churchman, -Church-
manship.
lower-case (a., v.), mast (n.), most.
lugmark, sail, worm.
lukewarm (a.), warmness.
lumberjack, man, some, yard.
lumpfish, sucker.
I lunar-diurnal.
lungfish, flower, -grown, -sick, worm, wort.
lunkhead.
lurchline.
lute-backed, string.
lying-in.
lynx-eyed.
lyreman, tail, -tailed.
M.
machine-made, man.
macro (prefix) -axis, -chemistry; the rest one word.
mad-apple, brain, -brained, cap, -doctor, -dog,
-headed, house, man, stone, weed, woman, wort.
made-up (a.).
magneto (prefix) -bell, -dynamo, -electric, -elec-
trical, -electricity; -generator, -instrument, -ma-
chine, -optic, -optical, -optics (n.), -phonograph,
-pointer, -printer, -telegraph, -telephone, -trans-
mitter; the rest one word.
maidservant.
maidenhair, head, hood, weed.
mail-cheeked, clad, man, -shell.
main-gauche, -hamper, land, lander, mast, past,
pin, prise, sail, sheet, spring, stay, top, topman.
major-domo, -generalcy, -generalship.
makebate, -belief, -believe, fast, -game, -peace,
-ready, shift, -up, weight.
making-up.
maltman, worm.
mammato-cumulus.
manbot, bote, -eater, -eating (a.), -god, handle,
-hater, hole, -hunting (a.), -killer, -of-war, root,
rope, servant, slaughter, slayer, slaying, stealer,
stealing, stopping (a.), trap, way, weed.
mangel-wurzel.
mantelboard, piece, shelf, tree.
mantuamaker, making.
manyberry, fold, plies, root, where; the rest take
hyphen.
maple-leaved.
marblehead, wood, work; the rest take hyphen.
Marcelwave.
marchland, man, pane, -past, -ward.
mare's-nest, -tail.
mark weed.
marker-off.
marksman, manship, woman.
marlberry, pit, stone.
marlinspike.
marrowbone, fat.
marshbunker, -fire, fish, flower, land, man, wort.
maskflower.
master-at-arms, -key (v.), piece, work, wort.
masthead, house, man.
match-board (v.), -cloth, -lined, lock, maker, mak-
ing, wood.
matgrass, weed.
matter-of-fact (a.).
maulstick.
mawbound (n.), mouth, worm.
maybe (adv.), bush, cock, hap, pop, weed.
Maybird, bloom, fair, fish flower, fowl, pole, poling,
thorn, tide, time, wort.
meadow-bright, bur, land, sweet, wort.
mealberry, man, monger, mouth, -mouthed, time.
mealymquth, -mouthed, -mouthedness, wing.
mean-spirited, -spirited ness, time, tone, while.
meatbird, man.
mechanico-chemical.
medico (prefix); all one word.
meetinghouse.
merchantman.
merestead, stone.
mermaid's-glove, -head, -purse (plants).
merry-andrew, -go-round, make, maker, making,
meeting, thought, wing.
mesh work.
messman, mate.
metalammonium, organic.
metestick.
metergram.
methylamine, aniline, anthracene, malonic (a.X
sulphuric (a.).
104
KULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION.
mezzo-relievo, -soprano, tint, tinter, tinto.
micaceo-calcareous .
micro (prefix) -erg; the rest one word.
mid-age, aged, -air, -body, -brain, -carpal, -channel,
-course, day, -distance; -earth, -feather, -field,
-gut, heaven, -iron, -kidney, land, -life, -main,
most (adv.), -movement, night, noon, -ocean, -off,
-on, -Pacific, parent, -point, -position, rash, rib,
ribbed, riff, -road, -sea, ship, shipman, -side, -sky,
stream, summer, -sun, -term ? -tide, watch, -water,
way, week, -wicket, wife, winter, -workings.
middle-aged, -class, most, -rate, -sized, weight.
mllepost, stone.
militiaman.
milk-and-water (a), bush, fish, -grass, -livered,
maid, man, -sick, sop, sopping, stone, weed, wood,
wort.
milky-hedge.
millboard, dam, -headed (a), house, man, post,
rind, -run, -sixpence, stock, stone, work, wright,
wrighting.
miller's-thumb.
millionfold.
mincemeat.
mindsight.
mlntman, master, wort.
minuteman.
mischief-maker, -making.
miter wort.
mlzzenmast, topman.
mobcap, capped.
mocUbird, -heroic, -heroical, -heroically.
mockingstock.
moldboard, warp.
molebut, cast, -catching, -eyed, head, hill, skin,
wort.
moneybag, -bound, grubber, grubbing, -maker,
-making, -monger, -mongering (n., a.), -quake,
wise, wort.
monk-craft, fish, flower, monger.
monkey -board, -cup, -faced, nut, -pot, -puzzle,
-rigged, shine, tail, -vine.
monkshood.
mono-ideism, -ideistic; the rest one word.
monte-acid, -jus.
moonbeam, bill, blind, blink, calf, creeper, -cul-
minating, -eye, -eyed, face, faced, fall, fish, flower,
glade, head, light, lighter, lighting, lit, -loved,
madness, man, raker, raking (a.), rise, sail, seed,
set, shade, -sheered, shine, shiner, shining, shiny,
stone, stricken, struck, wort.
moorball, band, berry, burn, land, lander, pan,
-sick, wort.
mooseberry, wood.
moot-hill, man, -stow, worthy.
mopboard, -headed, stick.
moreover, pork (bird;.
morning-glory, tide.
mossback, -backed, bunker, -green, -grown, head,
trooper, wort.
moth -eat, -eaten.
mother-in-law, hood, land, -of-pearl, -spot, wort,
mot ley-mindea.
mo to-magnetic, phone.
motorcyclist, -driven (a.).
mouse-colored, -dun, -ear, eared, hawk, hole, kin,
tail, trap, web.
mouth-blower, -filling, -made, piece, root.
muckrake (v.), raker, sweat, weed, worm.
mudfish, hole, sill, skipper, stone, sucker, weed,
wort.
muddlehead, -headed, -headedness.
muddy-brained, -breast (n.), -headed, -mettled.
mughouse, weed, wort, wump.
mulberry-faced.
mule-jenny (machine), teer, wort.
mumble-the-peg or mumble-ty-peg.
mummy-cloth.
muscle-bound (a.).
muskflower, melon, rat, wood.
mutton-chop (a.), head, -headed, -legger, wood.
muzzle-loader, -loading, wood.
nailbrush, head, -headed, sick, wort,
namby-pamby, -pambics, -pambiness, -pamby-
ish,-pambyism.
namesake,
nape-crest.
narrpw-heartedness, mindedness, spiritedness;
adjectives take hyphen.
naso (prefix); all one word.
navelwort.
naysay, ward, word.
near-by (a.), -legged, most, sighted, sightedness.
neatgeld, -handed, -handedness, herd, herdness.
neat's-foot (a.).
neckband, cloth, lace, laced, mold, tie, wear, weed.
needlebook, bush,, case, fish, man, -point (a.),
-pointed, stone, woman, wood, work, worker.
ne'er-do-well.
neo (prefix), takes hyphen when followed by cap;
otherwise one word.
nerveroot, -shaken (a.).
netbraider, fish, maker,- veined, -winged, work,
wort.
netsman.
nevermore, theless.
newborn (a.), comer (n.), -create (v.), -fashioned
(a.), -front (v.), market (n.), -model (v.),
-modeler (n.), -name (v.), -namer (n.).
newsboy, -letter, man, monger, paper, paperdom,
room.
nlckeared, name.
niggerfish, head, toe.
night-blooming, cap, capped, dress, -eyed, fall,
-faring, -fly (n.), -foundered, fowl, gown, hawk,
long, mare, shade, shirt, -stool, tide, time,
walker, walking, ward.
nlnebark, -eyed, fold, holes, -killer, -lived, pegs,
pence, penny, pin, pins, score.
ninnyhammer.
nipplewort.
nltro (prefix); all one word.
no-ball, -being, body, cake, how, way, ways,
where, whither, wise.
nobleman, -minded, -mindedness, woman.
noghead, headed.
nol-pros (v.).
nolle-pros.
non-ego, -pros (v.); the rest one word, unless
followed by cap, when use hyphen.
nonesuch.
noonday, -flower, light, t j de, time.
north (prefix) -northeast (a.), -northwest (a.),
polar (a.), -seeking; the rest one word.
northbound (also eastbound, southbound, west-
bound).
noseband, bleed, fish, gay, pinch, smart.
notwithstanding.
notchblock, board, weed, wing.
notebook, head, worthy.
nowadays, anights.
nursehound, maid.
nurseryman.
nutbreaker, -brown, cracker, gall, hatch, hook,
jobber, pecker, shell, -tapper.
O.
oakberry.
oarcock, fish, -footed, lock, man, weed.
oarsman, woman.
oakcake, meal, seed.
occlplto-atlantal, -atloid, -axial, frontal, -frontalis
(n.), mastoid, nasal, parietal, temporal.
odd-come-short (n.), -come-shortly (n.), -pinnate
(a.).
oell-de-bcEuf (n.), -de-perdrix (a.).
off (prefix) -bear (v.), -bearer, -chance (n.), -color
in
-putter (n.), -reckoning (n.), -white (a.); the rest
one word.
officeholder.
oftentimes.
ofttimes.
ohmammeter, meter.
ollcoat, cloth, fish, man, paper, seed, skin, skinned
(a.), stock, stone, -temper (v.), -tempered (v.),
-tempering (v.), -tight (a.), -tightness, -tongued.
(a.), way.
old (prefix) -fangled, -fashion (a.), -fashioned,
-gentlemanly, -line (a.), -maidish, -soldier (v.),
-time (a.), -timer, wife (fish), -wifely, -wifish,
-womanish, -womanly, -world (a.).
olive-backed, -colored, wood.
olla-podrida.
omnl (prefix); all one word.
omnium-gatherum .
VOCABULARY OF DOUBLE WORDS.
105
oncome, -coming, cost, drive (v.), fall, flow, -go,
going (a.), -hanger, -hit (v.), lay (v.), look, looker,
looking, rush, rushing, set, setter, -shore, -side
(a.), slaught, stead (n.), to, ward.
oneself, -sidedly, -sidedness, -two (n.), -two-three
(n.); adjectives take hyphen.
onionskin (paper).
only-begotten (a.).
open-airishness, -airness, band (a.), bill (bird), cast,
-handedly, -handedness, -heartedly, -hearted-
ness, -mindedness, -mouthedness, work, -working.
operameter.
orangeman, leaf, -leaf (a.), -peel (a.), -root.
orang-utan.
orchardman.
organ-piano.
othergates (adv.), guise, ness (n.), -self, where,
while, whither, wise, world (a.), worldliness,
worldly.
out-and-out, -and-outer, bearing (n.), -book, -clearer,
-patient,-starter; the rest one word, unless followed
by cap; or, adjectively, by "of," in which case use
hyphen.
ovate (prefix); all take hyphen.
ovenbird, peel, stone, wood.
over-all (a.), -arm, -belief, -sea (a.), -sparred (a.); the
rest one word.
owl-eyed, glass, head, light, -wide.
oxbane, berry, bird, biter, boy, bow, brake, cart,
cheek, -eyed, fly, -foot (a.), gang, goad, harrow,
head, heal, heart, hide, hoft, horn, house, like,
man, pecker, shoe, tail, tongue.
oysterbird, -green, house, man, -shell (a.).
P.
paceboard, maker, making.
packhouse, man, saddle, staff, thread, ware, wax,
way.
paddlefish, wood,
padlock, nag.
palnstaker, taking, worthy.
paintbrush, root, work.
pair-oar (n.), -oared, wise.
paleface, -faced,
pallbearer, holder, -mall.
palmi (prefix); all one word,
paly-bendy (a.).
pan (prefix); all one word, unless followed by cap,
when use hyphen, except Pan American and pan
fish.
panelwork.
panlcmonger, -mongering, -strike (v.), -stricken,
-struck,
pannierman.
pantryman,
papboat.
paperbark, -boy, -chasing, mouth (fish), shelled,
papier-mache".
para-anaesthesia; the rest one word.
parrotbeak, bill, -toed.
parrot's-bill, -feather (plants),
parti-coated, -colored, -membered, -mortgage (n.),
-mortgaged, -named,
party-coated, -colored, -striped, -walled,
passageway,
passer-by.
pass-key, man, over, port, woman, word, wort.
passiontide, wort,
past-due (a.),
pasteboard, -down,
pat-a-cake.
patchwise, work.
paterfamilias (n.), familiar (a.), noster.
pathfinder, way.
patrolman,
pattypan.
pawnbroker, broking, shop,
paymaster, mistress.
peaberry, bird, chick, -coat, cock, fowl, hen,
-jacket, nut, stone,
peacebreaker, breaking, maker, making, monger,
mongering (a.),
peachblow (but peach blow referring to bloom),
-colored, wort.
pearlash, berry, bush, -eyed, fruit, stone, weed,
wort.
pearmonger.
peat wood,
peau-d'orange (a.).
pebble-hearted, stone, ware.
peelhouse.
peen-to.
peephole.
pelican's-foot (shell).
pell-mell.
pencraft, dragon, dragonish, dragonship, fish,
gun, holder, knife, man, master, rack, stock,
trough, wiper, woman.
penny-a-line (a.), -a-liner, cress, leaf, rot, royal,
stone, weight, -wise, wort, worth,
penthouse,
pepper-and-salt, box, corn, grass, mint, root,
weed, wood, wort,
pepsinhydrochloric (a.).
peri (prefix); all one word,
pesthole, house.
petersham, wort.
petro (prefix); all one word.
phenylacetamide, acetic, amide, amine, boric,
glycolic, glyoxylic, hydrazine, methane.
phono (prefix); all one word.
phospho (prefix); all one word.
photo (prefix) -electric, -electrical, -electricity,
-electrograph, -electrotype, -engrave, -engraver,
-engraving, -epinasty, -epinastic, -epinastically,
-etch, -etched, -etching; the rest one word.
phyllo (prefix); all one word.
phylo (prefix); all one word.
physico (prefix) -mathematics, -mathematical,
-philosophy, -philosophical, -theology, -theological,
-theolosiist; the rest one word,
pianoforte,
pickaback, ax, back, lock, man, maw, -me-up,
pocket, thank, -up.
picker-up.
pickle-herring, weed, worm,
piebald, -mag, plant, poudre.
piecemeal, work, worker,
pied-winged (a.),
pierhead,
pierre-perdu.
plezo (prefix) -electric, -electricity; the rest one
word,
pig-back (v.), -eyed, face, -faced, fish, foot, head,
-headed, -headedly, -headedness, herd, -jawed,
-jump (v.), -jumper, maker, nut, pen, root, sconce,
skin, stick (v.), sticker, sticking, sty, tail, -tailed,
wash, weed,
pigeon-breasted, -hearted, hole, holer, -toed, weed,
wing, wood,
pigeon's-blood.
pikeman, staff.
pile work, worm, wort,
pillowbere, case,
plnball, -borer, case, cushion, -eyed, fallow, feather,
featherer, -fire, fish, flat, fold, head, -headed,
hold, hole, rail, tail, -tailed, -toed, weed,wheel (v.),
work (n.), -work (v.), worm,
pince-nez.
pinchbeck, cock, fist, fisted,
pineapple, house, land, weed,
ping-pong.
pink-eyed, -sterned, weed, wort.
pipe-clay (v.), -clayey, -clayish, fish, layer, laying,
-line (v.), man, stem, stone, vine, worm,
pissabed, asphalt.
pistolgram, graph, -proof,
pitapat, bird, fall, -headed, -hole (n.), man, pan
(boat), work (mining),
pitchblende, -faced, fork, -plaster (v.), stone, work
(mining),
pitter-patter.
place-kick (v.), -kicker, man, woman.
plainback (fabric), -spoken, -spokenness, tail; ad-
jectives take hyphen,
plainsman.
plane-polarized, table (n.), -table (v.), -tabler.
planet-stricken, -struck.
plank-sheer (n.), ways,
plano-concave, -convex, -horizontal, -orbicular,
-subulate; the rest one word,
plantsman.
plasterwork.
platband.
plateband, fish, -glazed, -roll (v.), way.
platterface, -faced.
play (prefix); all one word, except play boy, play
club, play pipe, play right.
plein-air (a.), -airist.
106
RULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION.
pleuro (prefix); all one word.
plot-proof.
plow (prefix); all one word.
plugman, tray, -ugly (n.).
plutomania.
piieumato (prefix); all one word.
pneumo (prefix); all one word.
pockhouse, mark, -marked, -pit (v.), wood.
pocketbook, knife.
point-blank, -device, -to-point.
pointsman.
poisonberry, wood.
pokeberry, -bonneted, root, weed.
poleax, axer r burn, cat, man, star, wig.
policyholder.
poll-evil (n.).
pondbush, fish, weed, wort.
pooh-pooh.
poorhouse, -spirited, spiritedness.
popeye, gun, -over (n.).
poppy-cock, head.
porkfish.
portcrayon, cullis, folio, hole, hook, man, manteau,
-mouthed, reeve, -vent, way.
porte-bonheur,-caustique, -cochere, -crayon,feuille,
-lumiere, monnaie.
porterhouse.
post (prefix) -free (a.), -mortem, -obit, -office (a.),
-season, -temporal, -tonic, -traumatic, -treaty,
-tympanic; the rest one word (unless followed by
cap, when use hyphen), except post auger, post
bag, post bellum, post boat, post box, post cap-
tain, post car, post card, post cedar, post chaise,
post chariot, post coach, post croker, post day,
post flag, post horn, post horse, post letter, post
mill, post note, post oak, post office, post roads,
post route, post town, post trader, post truss.
potale, ash, -au-feu, -bellied, -belly, boil, boiler,
-bound, boy, -girl, hanger, herb, hole, hook,
hookery, house, hunter, hunting, latch, -lead (v.),
leg, lid, luck, man, pie, pourri, sherd, stone,
-valiant, -valiance, -valiancy, -valiantly, val-
iantry, -valor, waller, walling, -walloper,
-walloping, ware, work.
poult-de-soie.
poundcake, -folly, -foolish, -foot, keeper, man,
master, stone, -worth (n.).
pourboire. parler, point.
pousse-cafe.
poverty-stricken (a.), weed.
powder-blue, flask, horn, mill, -posted.
powwow.
praiseworthily, worthiness, worthy.
pre (prefix); all one word, unless followed by cap,
when use hyphen.
pressboard, man, mark, pack, room, work.
prettyface, -pretty.
prick-eared, -foot, punch, spur, wood.
pricking-up (n.).
priestcraft, -rid, -ridden.
princewooa.
prince 's-feather (plant).
printing-out (a.).
prittle-prattle.
privateersman.
pro (prefix); all one word.
probe-pointed.
prompt-book.
prongbuck, horn.
proof-proof (a.).
proto (prefix); all one word, unless followed by
cap, when use hyphen.
pseudo-apoplexy, -aquatic, -archaic, -arthrosis,
-axis, -erysipelas, -malachite, -monocotyledonous;
the rest one word, unless followed by cap, when
use hyphen.
psycho (prefix) -biology; the rest one word.
public (prefix); all take hyphen.
puckball, fist, needle.
puckermouth.
puddinghead, -headed.
puddle-ball, -bar.
puffball, -leg (bird).
pug-nosed.
I>ullb;ick, devil, down (music), -off (gun).
puller-in, -out.
pulling-out.
putpboud,
puntabout, -out.
puppetman, master.
purpleheart, lip, wood, wort (plants).
purse-proud (a.).
pushcart, pin.
putlog, -off, -out, -up.
putter-on, -out.
putty root.
puzzlehead, -headed, -headedness, -monkey.
pye-dog.
pygmyweed.
pyx-jury.
Q-
quacksalve, salver.
quagmire.
quarry-faced, man, -rid (n.).
quarter-angled, -boards, -bound (binding), -cast
(a.), -cleft (a., n.), -cut, -deck, -decker, -fishes,
-hollow, man, master (n.,v.), pace, -phase (a.),
-pierced, -pointed, -saw, -sawn, -sawed, -sawing,
staff, stretch, -vine.
quartermaster; official names all two words.
quater-centenary, -tenses.
queenfish, hood, -post (n.), root, weed, wood.
queen's-balm, -berry, -delight, -flower, -gilliflower,
-herb, -lily, -needlewort, -root.
quickbeam, -fire, -firing, foot (adv.), hatch, lime,
sand, set, -sighted, -sightedness, silver (n., v.),
step (music), thorn, -witted, -wittedness, work
(nautical).
quillback (fish), tail, work, wort.
quincewort.
quinsy wort.
quintuple-nerved (botany), -ribbed (botany).
quire wise.
quitclaim (n., v.), rent.
R.
rabbit-ear (faucet), mouth (fish), -mouthed, root,
wood.
race-about (boat), way.
rackabones, arock, board (organ), -lashing, master,
-o'-bones, -rent (n., v.) -renter, way, work, yard,
radiate- veined (botany).
radio (prefix) -lead; the rest one word,
raftsman,
ragamuffin,
ragman, picker, shag, stone, tag, time, weed, work,
wort.
railbird, head, road, reader, roading, way.
rainband, bow, coat, drop, fall, -proof (a.), storm,
-tight, wash,
rakehell (a.), -off.
ramline (nautical), pick, race, rod, shackle,
ram's-head, -horn,
ranchman,
ran-tan.
rap-full (n., nautical).
rapid-fire (a.), -firer, -firing.
rarebit, ripe.
raree-show.
raspberry, -pod.
rat-a-tat, fish, line, -tail, -tailed.
ratsbane.
rat's-tail (n.).
ratepayer, paying.
rattlebag, -bones, box, brain, -brained, bush, head,
-headed, nut, pate, -pated, ran, root, skull,
-skulled, snake, trap, weed, wort.
rattlesnake-root, -weed.
raven's-duck.
rawboned, head, hide.
razorback, -backed, bill, -billed.
razzle-dazzle.
re (prefix for again) -act, -ally, -collect, -cover,
-create, -creation, -creative, -dress, -form, -forma-
tion, -lease, -mark, -present, -presentation, -press,
-probate, -search, -serve, -sign, -solve, -sound,
-store, -strain, -treat, -turn; the rest one word.
ready-made (a., n.), -witted, -wittedness.
rear-horse, most, mouse, ward.
recto-coccygeal, -colonic; the rest one word.
redback, -backed, beard, belly, -bellied, berry, bill,
-billed, bird, breast, -breasted, bud, buck, cap,
coat, -crested, eye, -eyed, -figured, finch, fish,
-footed, -hand, -handed, -hard, -hardened (v.),
-hardness, -hat, head, -headed, hoop, -hot, leg,
-legged, -letter, mouth, -necked, poll, root, shank,
shirt, -short, -shouldered, skin, start, streak, tail,
-tailed, -tape (a.), -taped, -taper, -tapery, -tapish,
-tapism, -tapist, throat, top, ware (weed), wing,
-winged, wood.
VOCABULARY OF DOUBLE WORDS.
107
reedblrd, buck, work.
remainderman.
rendrock.
resino-electric.
rest-harrow, house.
return-ball, -cocked.
rez-de-chauss6e.
rhinestone.
rhodeswood.
rhomboid-ovate.
rib-band (v.), roast, wort.
rlbbonback (n.),-back (a.), weed, wood.
ricebird.
richweed.
rlckrack, staddle, stand, stick, yard.
ridgeband, piece, plate, pole, rope.
riffraff.
rlflebird, fish, man.
rift-sawed, -sawing.
right (prefix) -about (n.), -hand (a.), -hander (n.),
-handedness, -mindedness, ward, wise, wisely,
wiseness; adjectives take hyphen.
rlmbase, -fire (a.).
rinderpest.
ring-around, bark (v.), bill, -billed, bird, bolt, bone,
dove, eye, -fence (v.), head, leader, master, neck,
-necked, -porous, -rope, sail, -small, -straked,
-streaked, tail, -tailed, taw, toss, wise (adv.),
worm.
riprap (masonry), -rap (fireworks), sack, saw.
riverhead, man, side, weed.
rix-dollar.
roach-backed (n.).
roadbed, man, master, side, stead, stones, way,
weed, worthy.
robe-de-chambre.
robin's-plantain.
rockaway. -bottom, -bound, -faced, fish, foil, hair,
rose, shaft, staff, weed, wood, work.
rocking-chair, -horse.
rodman, wood.
roebuck, stone.
rollback (n.), -cumulus, -top, way.
rolleyway.
rolling-pin.
roly-poly.
rooftree.
roommate.
rootcap, -mean-square, stock, worm.
ropeband, bark, dancer, dancing, maker, walk,
walker, way, work.
rope's-end (v.).
rose-a-ruby, bay, bit, -breasted, bud, bush, -col-
ored, -cut (a.), drop, fish, head, -pink (a.), -red
(a.), -ringed, root, -water (a.), wood, wort.
rotten-egg (v.), stone.
rough-bore (v.), cast (n., v.), caster, -coat, draw,
dress (v.), dry, -grind, head, hew, hewer, -house,
-leaved, leg, -legged, -plane (v.), -point (v.), rider,
scuff, setter, shod, slant, -stone (v.), string, -stuff,
-tailed, -winged, work (v.), wrought.
roughing-in.
roundabout, -arm (a.), fish, headed, headedness,
house, -iron, line, ridge (v.), .-shouldered, tail, top,
-up, wood, worm.
roundsman.
roustabout.
rowboat, lock, port.
rowelhead.
rubberneck (n., v.), stone.
rubblestone, work.
rubstone.
rubytail, -tailed, throat, -throated.
rudderhead, hole, post, stock.
rule-monger.
rumpad, padder, pade (v.), puncheon, swizzle.
rump-fed, scuttle.
runabout, agate, around, away, board, by, dale, fish,
holder, -off, -on (p. a.), -over, round, -through, way.
runner-up.
rush-grown, light, like, -nut.
rustproof.
rutabaga.
S.
saberbill, -legged, -toothed , wing.
sackcloth, clothed, -doodle (v.).
saddleback, -backed, bag (n., v.), -billed (bird),
bow, cloth, -graft (v.), leaf, nose, -shaped, tree,
wise,
sadiron.
safe-conduct (n., v.), guard (n., v.), -keeping,
-pledge (n.).
sagebrush, bush, rose, wood.
sailboat, cloth, fish, maker.
sailorman.
saleslady, man, manship, room, woman.
salework, yard.
salmon berry.
saltbush, cellar, -master, peter, spoon, weed, wort.
salverform, -shaped.
sandal wood.
sandbag (n. , v.) , bagger, -blast (v.), -blind, -blind-
ness, -burned, fish, -hiller, -lot (a.), man, paper
(n.,v.), peep, pi per, rock, shoe, stone, weed, weld,
wood, worm, wort.
sang-froid.
saphead, -headed, sucker, wood.
satin wood.
saucebox, pan.
save-all (n.).
sawback, -billed, buck, dust, fish, fly, horse, mill,
-toothed, wort, -wrest.
saxcornet, horn, ophone, otromba, -tuba, -valve.
scaldberry, fish, weed.
scalebeam, board, fish, pan, work.
scaly- winged .
scapegallows, goat, grace, -wheel.
scarecrow.
scarf pin, skin, wise,
scatterbrain, brained.
sceneshifter.
scent wood.
schoolbook, boy, craft, dame, fellow, girl, house,
maid, man, master, mate, mistress, room, -teacher,
-teaching, time, ward,
scot-free (a.),
scotch-hopper,
scrapbook.
scratchboard, brush, card, weed, work,
screenman.
scrollhead, work,
scrubboard, grass, land, wood,
scytheman, stone,
seabeach, board, -born (a.), bound, coast, farer,
faring, folk, girt (a.), going,-green (a.), -island (a.),
man, mark, piece, port, quake, scape, shore,
sick, sickness, side, ward, way, weed, worthy,
worthiness.
seal-brown (a.), skin, wort,
searchlight.
second-class (a.), -foot, hand (a.), -rate, -sight,
-sighted.
seedbird, cake, -lac (n.), time.
seek-no-further (fruit).
seerband, fish, hand, paw, sucker.
selectman.
self (prefix) same, sameness; the rest take hyphen.
semi (prefix) -incandescent, -independence. -inde-
pendent , -in dura ted , -i ner tness , -i nfi ni te , -inhibi-
tion, -ironical, -water gas; the rest one word ex-
cept where followed by cap, when use hyphen.
series-wound (a.).
serio-comic, -comical, -comically.
sero (prefix); all one word.
serpent wood.
serpent's-tongue (n.).
serrate-ciliate, -dentate.
servo-motor (n.).
sesqui (prefix); all one word.
setback, bolt, -down (n.) ,-fair (n.) , -off, -out, -over,
-stitched, -to, -up, work.
setter-grass, wort.
sevenbark, fold, score, -shooter, -up.
sextodecimo.
shadberry, bird, bush, flower.
shade tail.
shagbark, -rag.
shakedown, fork, proof, -up.
shallow (prefix); adjectives take hyphen.
shamefaced, flower, -proof, worthy.
shard-borne.
sharebeam, bone, broker, holder.
sharp-cut, -shinned, shooter, shooting, -sighted,,
-sightedness, -tailed, -witted.
shatterbrain, -brained.
sheargrass, hog, man, mouse.
sheatfish.
sheathbill,- winged
108
RULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION.
she-balsam, -beech, -oak, -pine.
sheepberry, bush, -faced, fold, -headed, hook,
-kneed, man, master, shank, shearer, shearing,
-sick (a.), skin, split, walk, walker.
sheepshead (fish).
sheep's-bane, -beard, -foot (printing), -parsley,
-scabious, -sorrel.
sheetwise, -pile (v.), work.
shellbark, fish, man, proof, work, worker.
shield-shaped, tail.
shillingsworth.
shlllyshallier, -shally.
shinglewood.
shinleaf, plaster.
shipboard, bound, builder, building, holder, -lap,
load, master, mate, owner, -rigged, shape, way,
worm, wreck, wright, yard.
shiver-spar.
shock-dog, -head, -headed.
shoebird, black, horn, maker, making, pack, -tree.
shop (prefix); all one word, except shop paper.
shoreweed.
shortbread, cake, -circuit (v.), coming, hand,
-handed (a.), hander, horn, -horned (a.), -shucks
(n.), sighted, stop, -wool; adjectives take hyphen.
shotbush, gun, -ice, -proof.
shoulder-clapper, -shotten.
shovelbill, board, fish, head, nose, -nosed, -penny.
show-down, man, room, -up.
shrewmouse, struck.
shrill-edged, -tongued.
shroud-laid.
Shrovetide.
shuffleboard, wing.
shutdown, -in, -off, -out.
shuttlecock, wise, wound.
slcklebill, -billed, -hocked, man, pod, wort.
sideboard, bone, flash, hill, -line (v.), liner, long,
piece, saddle, shake, -slip (v.), -splitting, -step
(v.), -taking (n.), track, walk, ward, way, ways,
-wheel, -wheeler, winder, wipe, wiper, wise.
siegework.
slghthole, proof, -seeing, -seer, worthy.
signalman.
signboard, post.
sllkman, -stocking (a.), tail, weed, wood, worm.
sllverback, beater, belly, berry, bill, -black (a.),
boom, fish, -gray (a., n.), -haired, -leaf, -leaved,
smith, top, vine, ware, weed, wood, work.
simon-pure.
simple-faced, -hearted, -minded, -mindedness.
sinew-shrunk (a.).
sing-sing, song.
single-action, bar, -driver, -foot, -loader, -phaser,
stick, -sticker, ton, tree; adjectives take hy-
phen.
slnkbox, room, stone.
sister-in-law.
sitfast.
six-cut, fold, -footer, pence, penny, score, -shooter.
sketchbook.
skewback, bald, whiff, wise.
skldpan, proof, way.
skill-less, wise.
skimback.
sklnbound, -deep, -flint.
skipjack.
skullbanker, cap, fish.
skunkbill, head, top, weed.
sky-blue, -clad, gazer, -high, lark, larking, light,
-planted, rocket, sail, scape, scraper, ward.
slab-sided, stone.
slack-salted, -water (v.).
slam-bang.
slang-whang (v.), -whanger (n.).
slap-bang, dash, jack, -up.
slash-grain.
slate-color, -colored.
slaughterhouse, man.
slaveborn -grown, holder, holding.
sleep-waker, waking, walker, walking, wort.
sleepyhead.
sleuthhound.
slickensidc.
slldeway, -wire.
sllpboard, knot, -on, -sheet (v.), shod, slop, way.
slipperwort .
silt-eyed, shell.
slop-built, dash, -molded, seller, shop, work,
worker.
slow-burning, -down, -witted, worm,
slungbody.
slyboots.
smallclothes, pox, sword,
smartweed.
smearcase.
smell-feast, -less,
smithcraft,
smock-faced.
smoke-dry, house, jack, stack, stone, wood; adjec-
tives take hyphen.
smoothbore, -bored, -chinned, -faced, -spoken,
snaggle-tooth, -toothed,
snallfish, flower, paced,
snakeberry, bird, fish, head, mouth, neck, piece,
root, stone, weed, wood, worm, wort,
snake's-beard, -head, -mouth, -tongue (plants),
snap-back, dragon, jack, shot, -shooter, -shooting,
weed, wort,
snapper-back,
sneezeweed, wood, wort,
snlpebill, fish, -nosed,
snip-snap,
snowball, berry, bird, -blind, -bound, break,
-broth, bush, cap, craft, down, drift, drop, fall,
flake, flight, flower, plow, scape, shed, shoe,
shoer, slide, slip, storm, -white (a.),
snub-nosed,
snuffbox.
so-and-so, -called (a.), so.
soapbark, berry, bush, -fast, fish, rack, root, stone,
suds, wood, wort,
sober-minded, -mindedness. sides,
soft-bone, -finned, -headed, -hearted, -heartedly,
-heartedness, horn, rayed, -shell, -spoken, -tack,
wood,
soi-disant.
soldierwood.
soleplate.
sol-fa, -faist.
solid-drawn, -hoofed, -horned, ungular, ungulate.
some (prefix); all one word, except when followed
by a vowel, in which case two words,
son-in-law.
songbook, craft, man.
soothfast, say, sayer, saying,
sorehead, -eyed,
soundproof,
soupe-maigre.
sourcake, dook, kit, sop, weed, wood.
south (prefix) -seeking, -southeast, -southerly,
-southwest; the rest one word,
southbound (also eastbound, northbound, south-
bound).
southernmost, wood (tree).
sowback, bane, belly, -gelder.
spadebone, fish, foot,
span-counter, -dog, -new, piece, worm,
sparerib.
sparhawk, piece.
sparrowgrass, tongue, wort,
spatterdash, -dashed, -dock, work,
speak-easy.
spearfish, head, man, mint, wood, wort,
specklebelly.
speckled-hill (n.).
spectro (prefix) ; all one word,
speechcraft.
speedway, well,
spellbind, binder, bound, work.
spendall, thrift, thrifty,
spiceberry, bush, wood,
spick-and-span, -and-s pan-new, -span-new.
splderflower, work, wort,
spikebill, -kill, horn, nard, nose, tail, wise,
spileworm.
spindle-legged, legs, -shanked, shanks, tail, -tailed,
splnebill, tail, -tailed,
splny-finned, -rayed,
spirepole.
spiritual-minded, -mindedness.
spltball, box, fire, -stick, -sticker,
spitchcock.
splashboard.
splatterdash, -faced,
splayfoot, footed, mouth, mouthed,
spleenwort.
splintwood.
splltbeak, finger, fruit, mouth, saw, -tail, worm,
spollfive, sport.
VOCABULARY OF DOUBLE WORDS.
109
spoilsman, monger.
spokeshave.
spokesman, woman.
spongewood.
spoonbill, -billed, drift, -fashion, flower, -food,
hutch, -meat, ways, wood, wort,
sportsman, woman,
spot-barred,
spray board,
spread-eagle,
sprig-bit, tail,
springant, board, bok, finger, fish, halt, head,
-headed, tail, tide, time, worm, wort.
sprltsail, -tail.
spurflower, gall, -heeled, wing, -winged, wort,
spurnwater.
spy boat, glass,
square-built, flipper, head, -headed, -jointed,
-rigged, -rigger, -set (mining), tail, -toed, -toes,
squawberry, fish, root, weed.
squint-eyed,
stableboy, man, stand,
stackfreed, stand,
staff-herd, man.
stagbush, -evil, -headed, horn, -horned, hound,
stagecoach, craft, house, -struck,
staggerbush, weed, wort,
staircase, head, way.
stakehead, holder,
stalemate,
stalk-eyed,
stalking-horse,
stall-feed, man.
stampsman.
stand-by, -off, -offish, -offish ness, patter, pattism,
pipe, point, post, still, -up.
tandard-wing.
stands
stander-by, grass, wort.
star-blind, board, bush, craft, finch, fish, fruit,
-gauge, gaze, gazer, gazing, light, lit, monger, nose,
-nosed, -proof, shine, shoot, -spangled, stone,
throat, wort,
stark-naked.
statecraft, house, monger, -owned, room,
statesman, woman,
stavesacre.
stavewood.
staylace, -plow, sail, ship,
steadfast, fastly, fastness,
steamboat, -cut (v.) f boating, -jacket (v.), ship,
-tight, -tightness,
steelhead, work, yard,
steepgrass, weed, wort,
steeplechase, chaser, chasing, -crowned.
steersman.
stem-clasping, -winder, -winding.
stepbrother, child, dame, daughter, -down (a.),
father, ladder, mother, motherly, -parent, sister,
son, stone, -up (a.).
stepping-stone.
stereo (prefix); all one word.
sternforemost, most, post, ward, way, -wheeler.
stewpan, pot.
stichwort.
stickleback, -run.
stickseed, tail, tight, weed.
stiff (prefix) -neckedness, tail; adjectives take hy-
phen.
stillbirth, born, -burn, fish (v.), fisher, house, -hunt,
room.
stingbull, fish, tail.
stinkball, berry, bird, bug, bush, horn, pot, stone,
weed, wood, wort.
stitchbird, wort.
stock-blind, broker, broking, dove, fish, holder,
jobber, jobbing, man, -still, stone, work, yard.
stokehold, hole.
stonebird, bow, brash, break, cast, chat, cray,
crop, cutter, cutting, gall, hand, hatch, head,
henge, man, mason, pecker, seed, shot, smatch,
smith, wall (v.), waller, ware, weed, wood, work,
wort, yard; adjectives take hyphen.
stopcock, -gap, hound, -off, -open (phonetics), -over,
water.
storehouse, keeper, keeping, man, master, room,
ship.
stork-billed.
stork's-bill.
stormcock, -proof, ward, wind.
storybook, -teller, -telling, -writer.
stout-hearted, -heartedness.
stovehouse, pipe.
stowaway, -boating, bord, down, -net, -wood.
straddlebug, -legged, wise.
straggle- tooth.
straightaway, -cut, edge, forward, forwardly, for-
wardness, -line (a.), -out, -pull, -spoken, way
(a. or adv.).
strait-jacket, -laced, lacing, -waistcoat, work.
strap-laid, -shaped, work, wort.
strathspey.
strato-cirrus, -cumulus.
straw-bass, berry, board, -colored, mote, -necked,
small, smear, worm.
streetwalker, walking, ward, way.
strike-out (n.).
stringboard, course, halt, piece, wood.
stringybark (n.).
strip-leaf.
strokehall.
strokesman.
strongbark, hand, hold, -mindedly, -mindedness,
-water; adjectives take hyphen.
stub-bred.
stuccowork, worker.
stuck-up.
studbook, fish, flower, horse, mare, -pink.
stumbllngblock, stone.
stump-bred, -rooted, -tailed.
sub (prefix) -base, -basement, -bass; the rest one
word.
subject-object, -objectivity.
suckfish, stone.
sud-oil.
sugarberry, -cane (a.), -coated, house, -loaf (a.),
plum.
sulpho-urea, uritic; the rest one word.
sulphur-bottom, weed, wort.
summer-fallow, house, stir (v.), tide, tree.
sunbeam, bird, blink, bonnet, bow, bum, -burner,
burst, -cracked, dew, dial, down, downer, drops,
dry (v.), fish, flower, glass, glow, light, lit, proof,
rise, set, setting, shade, shine, shiny, squall,
stone, stroke, -struck, up, ward, wise.
super (prefix); all one word.
supple-jack.
supra (prefix); when followed by vowel use hy-
phen, otherwise one word, except supra gramma-
ticam.
sure-enough (a.), -footed, -footedly, -footedness.
surface-bent, man.
surfboat, boatman, man.
sur-royal.
swagbellied, belly, man.
swallowtail, -tailed, wing, wort.
swampweed, wood.
swanflower, herd, -hopping, mark, marker,
marking, neck, skin, -upper, -upping, wort.
swan's-down.
swartback, rutter, rutting.
swashbuckler, bucklering, buckling, -letters, way.
sway-backed.
swearword.
sweatband, shop, weed.
sweepstake, stakes, washer, washings.'
sweetbread, brier, heart, leaf, meat, root, sop,
water, weed, wood, wort; adjectives take hyphen.
swellfish, toad.
swift (prefix) foot; adjectives take hyphen.
swinebread, -chopped, cote, fish, herd, hull, pipe,
stone, sty, ward, yard.
swine's-bane, -cress, -feather, -grass, -snout,
-succory.
swingbar, devil, dingle, stock, -swang, tree.
swinglebar, tail, tree.
swish-swash.
switchback, board, man.
sword-and-buckler, bill, craft, fish, fishing, man,
play, player, -proof, -shaped, smith, stick, tail.
swordsman.
T.
tablecloth, -cut (a.), -land, spoon, spoonful, ware,
wise.
tac-au-tac.
tag-end, lock, rag, tail.
tail-bay, block, board, ender, flower, piece, pin,
race, -rime, stock, ward, -water,
tailor-made.
110
RULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION.
taintworm.
take-all, down, -in, -off, -up.
taker-in, -off.
taking-off.
talebearer, bearing, book, carrier, carrying, teller.
talesman.
talkee-talkee.
tallboy (n.).
tallow-face, -faced, -root, -top, -topped, wood.
tallyho, man, wag.
tangent-cut.
tangfish.
tangleberry, fish, foot, wrack.
tanyard.
taphouse, -rivet (v.), room, root, rooted.
tapeline, worm.
tarboy, -bush, heel, rack, rock, weed, whine, wood.
tarso (prefix); all one word.
tarry-breeks, -fingered.
taskmaster, mistress, work.
ta-ta.
tattletale.
taxgatherer, gathering, man, payer.
teaberry, cup, cupful, kettle, pot, poy, spoon,
spoonful.
teamland, wise, work.
tear (prefix) drop, -falling, pit, thumb.
teaze-hole.
te-hee.
teeter-tail.
tele (prefix) -iconograph; the rest one word.
telltale.
tench weed.
tenfold, -forties, -o'clock (n.), penny, pins, -pounder,
-sided, -strike.
tenderfoot, -hearted, -heartedly, -heartedness, loin.
tenterhook.
tenthmeter.
tentmaker, work, wort.
terneplate.
terre-tenant, -verte.
tSte-a-tete (a., n.), -de-mouton, -de-pont, -de-veau.
tether-ball.
tetterwort.
textbook, man, -writer.
thankworthiness, worthy,-you-ma'am (road mak-
ing).
thanksgiver, giving.
thaw-drop.
thenceforth, forward.
there (prefix) ; all one word.
thermo-inhibitory; the rest one word.
thlck-and-thin (a.), head, -knee, leaf, lips, set, skin,
skull, -stamen, wind; adjectives take hyphen.
thlmbleberry, -eye, rig, rigger, weed.
thln-skinnedness; adjectives take hyphen.
thingamabob, amajig, -in-itself, man, umajig,
umbob.
thlrdborough, -class (a.), -penny, -rate (a.), -rater.
thistledown.
thornback, bill, but, head, tail; adjectives take
hyphen.
thorough-brace, bred, fare, foot, going, paced,
pin, -stem, wax, wort.
thousandfold, -leaf, -jacket; other adjectives take
hyphen.
thrallborn, -less.
threadbare, fin, fish, foot, -needle, -shaped, -the-
needle, worm.
three (prefix) -bagger, -cornered, -cycle, -decker,
fold, -halfpence, -master, -out, pence, penny,
-phaser, -plier, -quarter, -ridge, score, some,
-spread, -valve; other adjectives take hyphen.
thrlcecock; adjectives take hyphen.
throatband, boll, lash, latch, root, wort.
throwback, -crook, -off.
thrum-eyed, wort.
thumb-nail, rope, screw, stall.
thunderbird, bolt, burst, clap, cloud, -dirt, fish,
flower, head, headed, peal, plump, -proof, shower,
squall, stone, storm, strike, stroke, worm.
thyro-antitoxin, -ary tenoid, -ary tenoideus, -epiglot-
tic, -epiglottidean; the rest one word.
tlckseed, tack, tacktoo, weed.
tidbit.
tiddledywinks.
tldeland, race, -rode, waiter, water, way.
tidesman.
tlebar, beam, -plate, -plater, -rod, -tie, -up, wig.
tiers-argent, man.
tiger-eye, foot, -footed.
tlger's-claw, -eye, -foot, -jaw, -milk.
tile-drain (v.), fish, root, seed, stone.
tiltboard, -up, yard.
timberframe, head, land, man, work.
timekeeper, piece, pleaser, saver, saving, server,
serving, taker, -table, -work, worn; other adjec-
tives take hyphen.
tlnclad, -foil (v.), man, mouth, plate (v.), pot (a.),
smith, smithing, stone, stuff, type, ware.
tine-grass, -tare, man, weed.
tlpburn, cat, staff, stock, tail, tilt, toe, top, topper,
-up.
tlppybpb, toe.
tire-larigot, man, smith, woman.
tiring-room.
titano (prefix); all one word.
titbit, lark, mouse.
tithlngman, penny.
title-page.
titter-totter.
tittle-tattle, -tattling.
to-and-fro, -bread, -day, -do, -morrow, -night.
toadback, eater, fish, flax, flower, head, pipe, stone,
stool.
toad's-back, -eye.
toastmaster.
toe-and-heel, nail.
togt-rider, -riding.
tollbar, booth, gate, house, man.
tomboy, cat, cod, fool, foolery, noddy, -piper, rig,
tit, -torn, -trot.
tombstone.
ton-mile.
tonguebird, fence, fish, flower, -flowered, -lashing,
-shaped, tacked, -tie, -tied.
toolmaker, man, smith, stock.
toothache, -ax (v.), bill, -billed (a.), brush, drawer,
drawing, flower, pick, shell, wort, -wound.
top-armor, -block, -boot, -booted, -card, -chain,
-cloth, coat, -drain, -dress, -dressing, gallant,
-hamper, -hampered, -heavy, -heaviness, knot,
-light, lofty, man, mast, most, -netting, notcher,
-pickle, piece, -rail, -rope, sail, -sew, -shaped, side,
soil, stone, swarm, tail (v.), -timber, -work (v.).
topsman.
topsy-turviness, -turvy.
torchbearer, light, wood, wort.
tort-feasor.
tortoise-shell (a.), wood.
toss-up, pot.
tote-load.
touchback, bell, -box, down, hole, -in-goal, -me-
not, pan, piece, stone, wood.
toughbark, -head.
tous-les-mois.
towboat, cock, head, -headed (a.), -hook, line, mast,
net, path, rope, -row, -tail.
towerman, wort.
townfolk, gate, house, land, scape.
townsfellow, folk, man, people.
toyman, shop, wort.
trackbarrow, -boat, hound, layer, laying, man,
master, -road, sick, side, walker, way.
trade-mark, master, -union, -unionism, -unionist.
tradesfolk, -hall, man, people, -union, -unionism,
-unionist, woman.
tragl-comedy, -comic, -comical, -comi-pastoral.
trainband, bearer, bolt, load, man, -mile, way.
tramcar, pot, road, way.
trans (prefix); all one word unless followed by cap,
when use hyphen.
trapball, door, fall, hole, stick.
traveler's-joy, -tree.
trawlboat, net.
trawlerman.
treadboard, mill, milling, -softly (n.), wheel.
treasure-trove.
treble-dated, -geared, -sinewed, tree.
treebeard, nail, speeler, worker.
trelliswork.
trencher-fly, man.
trench-plow (v.).
tres-tine.
trestletree, work.
tribesman, people.
tricktrack.
trigesimo-secundo.
trigger-finger.
trlpe-de-roche, man, stone.
VOCABULARY OF DOUBLE WORDS.
Ill
trlpleback, tail; other adjectives take hyphen.
tripsill.
trolley man.
troopfowl, ship.
trot-line.
trothplight, plighted.
trou-de-loup.
troutbird, -colored.
trucebreaker.
truckle-bed.
truckman, master.
true (prefix) -heartedness, love, penny; adjectives
take hyphen.
trumpetleaf, -shaped, -tongued, -voiced, weed,
wood.
trundle-bed, head, shot, tail,
trunkback, fish, -hatch, -hatchway, nose, way,
work,
trusswork.
truth-lover, teller, telling,
try-house, -pot, sail, -square, -works.
tubeform, -nosed, rose,
tubfish, man, -sized.
tuck-net, -out, -seine, shell, shop,
tue-iron.
tufthunter, hunting,
tugboat.
tulip-eared, wood.
tumblebug, -down, dung, weed.
turn-turn,
tunhoof.
tup-headed, man.
turban top.
turfman,
turkey back.
turnabout, back, bout, buckle, cap, coat, cock,
down, key, out, over, pike, pin, plate, plow, screw,
skin, sole, spit, stile, stone, table, tail, -tree, up,
verein, wrest.
turnip-rooted, -stemmed, wood,
turtleback, dove, -footed, head,
tusk-shell.
tutball, man, -mouthed, work, worker, workman,
tu-whit, -whoo (v.).
tutti-frutti,
twayblade.
'tween-brain, -deck, -decks.
twelfth-cake, -day, -night, -second, tide,
twelvefold, month, pence, penny, score,
twenty fold .
twice-born (a.), -told (a.).
twinberry, born, flower, leaf, -screw (a.).
twisted-flower, -horn, -stalk (plants).
'twixt-brain.
two-bagger, -block, -blocks, -cycle, -decker, -faced-
ness, fold, pence, penny , some, -step, -up, -wheeler;
adjectives take hyphen.
type-high, script, setter, setting, write, writer,
writing, written.
U.
U-shaped.
ultra-agnostic, -atomic, elliptic, -equinoctial, -intel-
lectual, -red , -violet ; the rest one word , except ultra
valorem and ultra vires.
un (prefix); always one word, unless followed by
cap letter, when use hyphen.
uncalled-for.
uncared-for.
under (prefix); all one word.
unheard-of.
unhoped-for.
unlooked-for.
unmade-up.
untalked-of.
unthought-of.
up (prefix) -and-over (a.), -over, -put -putting,
-to-date (a.); the rest one word.
uppercut, most.
urnflower, -shaped.
uva-ursi.
V.
V-shaped.
vainglorious, gloriously, gloriousness, glory.
vanguard, sire.
vare-headed.
vase-shaped.
vase-inhibitory; the rest one word.
vegeto-alkali.
veinstone, stuff.
velvetbreast, leaf, seed, weed, work.
venthole.
ventro-inguinal; the rest one word.
Venus's-basin, -bath, -basket, -comb, -cup, -ear,
-fan, -flower-basket, -flytrap, -girdle, -golden-
apple, -hair, -hairstone, -looking-glass, -navelwort,
-needle, -pride, -purse, -shell, -shoe, -slipper,
-sumac.
vertebro-arterial, basilar, costal, -iliac, -sacral.
vestryman.
vicecomital, geral, gerency, gerent, regal, royal,
royalty, versally.
viewpoint.
vigesimo-quarto.
vine-clad, dresser, land, yard, yardist.
violet-ear, -tip.
virgin's-bower.
vis-a-vis.
viseman.
vitreo-electric.
vitro-dHrina.
voltammeter, coulomb, meter.
volta-electric, -electricity, -electrometer, -electro-
metric, meter, metric, plast, type.
volte-face.
volumenometer, scope.
vulvo-uterine, vaginal, vaginitis.
waddywood.
wagenboom.
wagework, worker.
wagon-headed, load, -roofed, wright.
wagtail, wag, want, wanton, wit.
wainbote, rope, wright.
waistband, belt, cloth, coat, coating, -high, line.
wait-a-bit, -awhile, -fee, -service.
wake-robin, time.
waldflute, grave, gravine, horn.
walk-around, mill, out, -over.
wallbird, -eye, -eyed, flower, hick, -plat, -sided
wort.
wampumpeag.
warcraft, fare, farer, field, -hawk, man, mouth,
path, saw, ship, wolf, worn.
wardcorn, holding, mote, robe, room, wit.
wardsman.
warehouse, houseman room.
warm-blooded, -headed, -hearted, -heartedness,
house.
wart-herb, weed, wort.
warty-back, well.
washaway, basin, board, bowl, brew, dish, house,
man, -off, out, pot, stand, strake, tail, tub.
washerman, woman.
wasp-waisted.
wastebasket, board, way, weir.
watchcase, dog, maker, making, man, mate, tower,
word, work.
waterbear (v.), board, -closet, -colorist, -cool,
course, cup, -cycle (v.), fall, -fit, fowl, -fronter,
-furrow (v.), -horse, -jacketed (v.), -laid, -logged,
leaf, man, mark, melon, phone, pot, proof,
proofer, proofing, -purpio, -rot, scape, -seal (v.).
-season, shed, shoot, side, skin, -soak, spout,
stoup, -tight, -tightness, way, wood, work, wort;
other adjectives take hyphen.
wattlebird, work.
waxberry, bill, bird, bush, flower, -red, -stitched,
weed, wing, work, worker,
waybeam, berry, bill, bird, bung, fare, farer, faring,
gang, gate, going, gone, goose, laid, lay, layer,
leave, maker, mark, post, side, sliding, -thistle,
thorn, ward, warden, wise, worn.
weakfish; adjectives take hyphen,
weasel-faced, fish, snout.
weather-bitt (v.), board, boarding, break, cock,
-fend (v.), fish, glass, gleam, head, most, proof,
-strip (v.), wise, worn; other adjectives take
hyphen,
weavernsh.
webeye, foot, worm; adjectives take hyphen.
wedge (prefix) bill, wise; adjectives take hyphen,
w
112
BULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION.
weet-bird, -weet.
weighbeam, bridge, -house, lock, man, master,
shaft.
welladay, away, -being, -doer, -doing (n., a.)
-drain (v.), -eye, head, hole, -nigh, spring, strand,
-wilier, -wish, -wisher; adjectives take hyphen.
wentletrap.
werebear, wolf.
westbound (also eastbound, northbound, south-
bound).
wetbird, -nurse (v.), -season, -shod.
whaleback, boat, bone, -built, head, man.
wharf man, master.
whatever, not, soever.
whealworm.
wheatbird, ear, land, worm.
wheelband, barrow, bird, -cut, house, man, swarf,
way, work, wright.
wheelsman.
whenas, ever, soever.
whenceever, soever.
whereabout, abouts, as, at, away, by, fore, from,
in, insoever, into, of, on, over, so, soever, through,
to, under, upon, with, withal.
wherever.
whetstone.
wheybeard, bird, face, faced.
whichever, soever.
whimetree.
whim wham.
whinberry, chacker, chat, check, stone, yard.
whlpcat, cord, fish, graft, jack, lash, poorwill, saw,
-shaped, stick, stitch (v.), stock, tail, -tailed, -tom-
kelly, worm.
whipper-in, snapper.
whirlabout, blast, brain, pool, wig, wind.
whistlefish, wing, wood.
whiteback, bait, bark, beam, beard, belly, bill,
-blaze, blow, -bone, bonnet, bottle, boy, cap,
capper, coat, comb, corn, crop, -ear, -eye, -face,
fish, -foot, head, heart, -lead (v.), -pot, -ribboner,
root, rump, sark, seam, side, smith, stone, tail,
thorn, throat, tip, top, vein, wall, wash (v.), washer,
-water (v.) , weed, wing, wood, worm, wort; adjec-
tives take hyphen.
whitfmch, flaw, leather, wall.
whithersoever.
whitlow-wort.
whole-heartedly, -heartedness, sale, saler; adjec-
tives take hyphen.
whomso, soever.
whoremaster, monger, son.
whortleberry.
whoso, soever.
wickerwork.
wicketwork.
wide-awake, gap, spread; other adjectives take
hyphen.
widow-bench, hood.
wife-bound, hood, -ridden.
wigmaker, tail, wag, wagger, warn.
wildcat (a.), catter, fire, -fowler, -fowling, grave,
wood.
will-o'-the-wisp.
willow-herb, -thorn, -weed, -worm, wort.
wtlly-mufty, -nilly, -wagtail, -willy.
windbag, ball, berry, bibber, bore, -bound,
break (n.), -break (v.), -breaker, broach, -broken,
-changing, -dog, fall, fallen, fanner, -fertilization,
-fertilized, firm, fish, flower, gall, galled, hole,
hover, jammer, lass, mill, pipe, -plant, -pollina-
tion, -rode, row, rower, -shake -shaken, -shock,
storm, -sucker, -swift, -taut, -tight, -up, way.
windlestraw.
windowpane,
wlneberry, bibber, bibbing, Conner, glass, glassful,
man, sap, taster, tree.
wingfish , seed, -shell, -shot; adjectives takehyphen.
winnock-bunker.
winnow-corb.
wlnterberry, bloom, fallow, green, -ground (v.),
kill (v.), lemon, -marvel, -rig (v.), tide, time, weed;
adjectives take hyphen.
wlredancer, dancing, draw (v.), drawer, heel, man,
pull (v.), puller, pulling, smith, way, -weed,
work, worker, working, works, worm; other
adjectives take hyphen.
wiseacre, head, -hearted.
wishbone, -wash.
wishy-washy.
witch-bells, craft, -elm, finder, -hazel, -leaf, -tree,
wood, work.
with (prefix); all one word.
withdrawing-room.
witherband, -wrung.
wizen-faced.
woe-begone, -worn.
wolfberry, hound, skin.
woman-born, -grown, hood, kind, muckle,
-queller, -vested.
womenfolk.
wonderland, stricken, struck, work, -worker,
-working, -wounded.
wonga-wonga.
woodbine, chopper, cock, craft, cut, cutter, cut-
ting, hole, horse, house, land, lander, man, -note,
pecker, pile, ranger, reeve, rick, rock, shed, side,
stone, work, worker, working, worm.
woodenhead, -headed, -headedness, ware.
woodsman.
wool-dyed, fell, gathering, grower, growing, head,
man, pack, sack, shed, sorter, sower, stock, work.
woolly-haired, -headed.
word-blind, book, -bound, -catcher, -deaf, monger,
mongering, play, spite (a.).
wordsman.
workaday, bag, basket, bench, box, day, fellow,
folk, house, man, master, mistress, people, room,
shop, table, ways (adv.), wise (adv.), woman.
working-day, man.
world-self, -weary, -wearily, -wide.
worldly-minded, -mindedness, -wise.
worm-eat (v.), -eaten, -eating, hole, holed, seed,
wood.
worn-out (a.).
wou-wou.
woundwort, worth.
wreckfish.
wringbolt, staff.
wringing-wet (a.).
wristband, -drop (n.), fall.
wrongdoer, doing, head, -headed, -headedly,
-headedness, -hearted, -heartedness, -minded,
-mindedness, -timed.
xantho (prefix); all one word.
xeno (prefix); all one word.
xero (prefix); all one word.
Y.
Y-shaped.
yachtsman, woman.
Yankee-Doodle, land.
yardarm, man, master, stick, wand.
yawl-rigged.
yawroot, -weed.
yearbook, long.
yeast-bitten.
yellow-backed, -bellied, -billed, bird, -breasted,
-covered, -crowned, -eyed, fish, -headed, root,
-rumped, seed, -shafted, -tailed, throated, -vented,
weed, wood, wort, -wrack,
yelly-hoo, -booing,
yes-no (a., v.), -noer, -noism.
yesterday, eve, even, evening, morn, morning,
night, noon, week, year,
yewberry.
ylang-ylang.
yokefellow, mate, -toed,
yore-time.
yttro-cerite, -columbite, -tantalite.
yuletide.
Z.
zantewood.
zebrawood.
Zend-Avesta,
zeroaxial , -dimensional
zigzag, zaggery, zaggy.
ziment-water.
USEFUL INFORMATION.
MISCELLANEOUS TABLES.
Chemical elements and symbols.
Element.
Symbol.
Element.
Symbol.
Aluminum
Al
I 8
As
Au
Ba
Be,Gl
Bi
B
Br
Cd
Cs
Ca
C
Ce
Cl
Cr
Co
Cb,Nb
Cu
Da
Dp
D,Di
Dy
Er
Fe
F
Gd
Ga
Ge
Gl,Be
He
Ho
l g
In
I
Ir
K
Kr
La
Li
Mg
Mn
Molybdenum .
Mo
Na
Nd
Ne
Ni
Nb.Cb
N
Ng
Os
Pd
Ph
P
Pt
Pb
Pr
Ra
Rh
Rb
Ru
Sa, Sm
Sc
Se
Si
Sn
Sb
Sr
S
Ta
Te
Tb, Tr
Tl
Th
Tm
Ti
U,Ur
V
W
Xe,X
Yb
Y
Zn
Zr
Antimony (see Stibium).
Argentum (silver)
Natrium (sodium)
Neodymium
Argon
Neon
Arsenic
Nickel
Aurum (gold)
Niobium (columbium)
Barium
Nitrogen
Beryllium (glucinum)
Norwegium...
Bismuth
Osmium
Boron
Oxygen
Bromine
Palladium
Cadmium
Philippium
Caesium
Phosphorus.
Calcium..
Platinum
Carbon
Plumbum (lead)
Cerium
Potassium (see Kalium).
Praseodymium
Chlorine
Chromium . . .
Radium
Cobalt
Rhodium
Columbium (niobium)
Rubidium
Copper (cuprum)
Ruthenium
Davyum
Samarium
Decipium
Scandium.
Didymium....
Selenium
Dysprosium
Silicon
Erbium
Silver (see Argentum).
Sodium (see Natrium).
Stannum (tin) .
Ferrum (iron)
Fluorine
Gadolinium. . ....
Stibium (antimony)
Gallium
Strontium
Germanium
Sulphur .
Glucinum (beryllium) .
Tantalum
Gold (see Aurum).
Helium... .
Tellurium
Terbium
Holmium
Thallium
Hydrargyrum (mercury)
Thorium
Hydrogen
Thulium
Indium
Tin (see Stannum).
Titanium
Iodine...
Iridium. . .
Tungsten (see Wolframium).
Uranium
Iron (see Ferrum).
Kalium (potassium)
Vanadium
Kyrpton..
Wolframium (tungsten)
Lanthanum
Xenon
Lead (see Plumbum).
Lithium
Ytterbium
Yttrium
Magnesium
Zinc ...
Manganese
Zirconium
Mercury (see Hydrargyrum).
Roman numerals.
I 1 IX 9 T/5T5T _. 70 D.._
. 500
fiOO
II 2 X 10
LXXX . 80 DC
III 3 XIX 19
XC 90 DCC 700
IV. 4 XX... . 20
C... ..100 DCCC... . 800
V 5 XXX. 30
CL . .150 CM..,
900
1000
VI 6 XL 40
CC 200 M
VII 7 L 50
CCC 300 MD 1500
VIII.. . 8 LX.. .. 60
CD... .. 400 MCM... .. 1900
97724!;
113
114
RULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION.
Values of foreign coins.
[From Circular No. 1 of the Director of the Mint, Oct. 1, 1913.J
Countries.
Standard.
Monetary unit.
Value.
Argentina
Gold
Peso i
$0.965
.203
.193
.389
.546
4.866
1.000
1.000
.465
.435
.365
.713
.711
.682
.697
.660
.726
.667
.691
.706
.669
.686
.695
.651
.659
.718
.691
.519
.469
.469
.483
1.000
.268
.487
4.943
.193
.193
.238
4.866
.193
.965
.324
.193
.498
1.000
.498
.402
1.014
.268
1.000
.170
4.866
.500
1.080
.193
.515
1.000
.193
.371
.193
.568
.268
.193
.044
1.034
.193
Austria-Hungary
do
Crown . .
Belgium
Gold and silver..
Gold...
Franc 2
Bolivia
Bolivian
Milreis
a 3
Brazil
do
British colonies in Australasia and Africa.
Canada .
...do....
Pound st
Dollar...
erling
do..
Central American States:
British Honduras
do
do
Costa Rica
do
Colon
Guatemala
[Silver
Peso
Honduras
Nicaragua
Salvador
Gold
do 5
Chile
Chinese Republic
Silver
Gold
Tael....
Dollar...
Dollar
Amoy
Canton
Chefoo
Chin Kiang
Fuchau
Haikwan (customs)
Hankow
Kiaochow
Nanking
Newchwang
Colombia
Ningpo
Peking
Shanghai
Swatow
Takau
Tientsin
Yuan
Hongkong
British
Mexican
Denmark
do
Crown
Ecuador
do
Sucre
Egypt
do
Pound (1
Mark
00 piasters) 7
Finland
do
France
Gold and silver. .
Gold
Franc 2 ..
Mark,
German Empire
Great Britain
do
Pound st
Drachma
Gourde
erling
Greece...
Gold and silver.
Gold
Haiti
India [British]
.. . do....
Rupee . .
Gold and silver
Lira 2
Japan . . .
Gold
Yen...
Liberia...
.. . do
Dollar .
Mexico
do
Peso
Netherlands
do
Florin...
Newfoundland
do
Dollar
Norway
...do....
Crown . .
Panama . .
.. . do....
Balboa. .
Persia
Gold and silver
Kran
Peru
Gold . . .
Libra...
Philippine Islands
do
Peso . .
Portugal
do
Milreis
Roumania
do
Leu...
Russia
do.
Ruble
Santo Domingo
do
Dollar
Servia . .
. . do
Dinar...
Siam
do
Pical
Spain
Gold and silver..
Gold
Peseta
Straits Settlements
Dollar...
Sweden
do
Crown
Switzerland
do
Franc 2
Turkey .
do
Piaster. .
Uruguay
do
Peso
Venezuela
do
Bolivar.
1 Currency: Depreciated paper convertible at 44 per cent of face value.
1 Member of Latin Union; gold is the actual standard.
8 12i bolivianos equal 1 pound sterling.
Currency: Government paper convertible at $0.324 to the milreis.
6 Currency: Inconvertible paper; exchange rate approximately $0.206.
Currency: Inconvertible paper; exchange rate approximately $1.02 paper to $1 gold.
i The actual standard is the British pound sterling, which is legal tender for 97J piasters.
NOTE. The coins of silver-standard countries are valued by their pure-silver content at the average
market price of silver.
USEFUL INFOBMATION.
119
Metric tables.
LENGTH.
Myriameter
10,000 meters
6.2137 miles.
O.C2137 mile.
328 feet 1 inch.
393.7 inches.
39.37 inches.
3.937 inches.
0.3937 inch.
0.0394 inch.
Kilometer
1,000 meters
Hectometer
100 meters
Dekameter
10 meters
Meter
1 meter
0.1 meter
Decimeter
01 meter
Millimeter
0.001 meter
SURFACE.
Hectare
10,000 square meters...
100 square meters
2.471 acres.
119.6 square yards.
1,550 square inches.
Are
Centare
1 square meter
WEIGHT.
Names.
Number
of
grams.
Weight of what quan-
tity of water at
maximum density.
Avoirdupois
weight.
Metric ton millier or tonneau
1 000 000
1 cubic meter
2, 204.6 pounds
Quintal . .
100, 000
1 hectoliter
220.46 pounds.
Myriagram
10,000
1 dekaliter.
22 046 pounds
Kilogram or kilo
1 000
1 liter
2 2046 pounds
Hectogram
Dekagram
100
10
1 deciliter
10 cubic centimeters
3.5274 ounces.
3527 ounce
Gram
1
1 cubic centimeter. . .
15.432 grains.
Decigram
.1
0. 1 cubic centimeter
1.5432 grains.
Centigram
.01
10 cubic millimeters . .
0.1543 grain.
Milligram
.001
1 cubic millimeter. . . .
0.0154 grain.
CAPACITY.
Names.
Number of
liters.
Metric cubic
measure.
United States measure.
British measure.
Kiloliter or stere
1 000
1 cubic meter
1.308 cubic yards
1.308 cubic yards
Hectoliter
Dekaliter
100
10
0.1 cubic meter
10 cubic decime-
2.837 bushels; 26.417 gal-
lons.
1.135 pecks; 2.6417 gal-
2.75 bushels; 22.01 gal-
lons.
8.80 quarts; 2.201 gal-
Liter
1
ters.
1 cubic decimeter
lons.
0.908 quart; 1.0567 quarts
lons.
0.880 quart.
Deciliter
.1
0.1 cubic decime-
6.1022 cubic inches; 0.845
0.704 gill.
Centiliter
.01
ter.
10 cubic centime-
gill.
6102 cubic inch; 0.338
0.352 fluid ounce.
Milliliter
.001
teis.
1 cubic centimeter.
fluid ounce.
0.061 cubic inch; 0.27
fluid dram.
0.28 fluid dram.
COMMON MEASURES AND THEIR METRIC EQUIVALENTS.
Common measures.
Equivalents.
Common measures.
Equivalents.
Inch
2. 54 centimeters.
Dry quart, United
1.101 liters.
Foot
0. 3048 meter.
States.
Yard
9144 meter
Quart imperial
1.136 liters.
Rod
5.029 meters.
Gallon, United States...
3.785 liters.
Mile
1. 6093 kilometers
Gallon, imperial
4.544 liters.
Square inch
6. 452 square centimeters.
Peck, United States...
8.809 liters.
Square foot
0929 square meter
Peck imperial
9 087 liters.
Square yard
0. 836 square meter
Bushel, United States.
35.24 liters.
Square rod
Acre.
25. 29 square meters.
0. 4046 hectare.
Bushel, imperial
Ounce, avoirdupois . . .
36.35 liters.
28.35 grams.
Square mile
259 hectares.
Pound, avoirdupois. . .
0.4536 kilogram.
Cubic inch
16 39 cubic centimeters
Ton long
1.0161 metric tons.
Cubic foot
0283 cubic meter
Ton short
0.9072 metric ton.
Cubic yard
7645 cubic meter.
Gram
0.0648 gram.
Cord
3 624 steres
Ounce troy
31.103 grams.
9469 liter
Pound troy
0.3732 kilogram.
States.
120
RULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION.
Greek alphabet.
Caps.
Lower-
case.
Greek name.
English
sound.
Caps.
Lower-
case.
Greek name.
English
sound.
A
a
Alpha.
A.
N
V
Nu.
N.
B
06
Beta.
B.
A
\
Xi.
X.
r
Y
Gamma.
G.
o
o
Omicron.
O short.
A
d
Delta.
D.
n
It GJ
Pi.
P.
E
s
Epsilon.
E short.
p
P
Rho.
R.
Z
c
Zeta.
Z.
^
6$
Sigma.
S.
H
5
Eta.
E long.
T
r
Tau.
T.
e
03
Theta.
Th.
r
V
Upsilon.
U.
i
z
Iota.
I.
$
<t><?
Phi.
F.
K
K
Kappa.
K.
X
X
Chi.
Ch.
A
A
Lambda.
L.
w
^8
Psi.
Ps.
M
V
Mu.
M.
n
00
Omega.
O long.
ASTRONOMICAL SIGNS.
cp Aries.
!> Capricornus.'
*2 Saturn.
LJ Quartile.
8 Taurus.
sx Aquarius.
Ifl Uranus.
* Sextile.
n Gemini.
X Pisces.
on New Moon.
Q Dragon's Head.
23 Cancer.
Q or Sun.
3) First quarter.
y Dragon's Tail.
HLeo.
$ Mercury.
O or Full Moon.
$ Ceres.
TIR Virgo-
$ Venus.
( Last quarter.
$ Pallas.
:s Libra.
or Earth.
(5 Conjunction.
5 Juno.
TT\ Scorpio.
o" Mars.
8 Opposition.
fi Vesta.
$ Sagittarius.
Ij. Jupiter.
A Trine.
^' or E Neptune.
MATHEMATICAL SIGNS.
+ plus.
A triangle.
J integration.
v because.
minus.
O circle.
O equivalence.
oo infinity.
X multiplied by.
L angle.
:'. '. proportion.
cc varies as.
-5- divided by.
L right angle.
-H- geometrical propor-
I/ radical.
= equality.
C~ or > greater than.
tion.
degree.
plus or minus.
~3 or < less than.
I difference, excess.
' minute.
a square.
X perpendicular.
.-. therefore.
"second.
I l rectangle.
~ difference.
TITLES OF RAILROADS .
Following is a partial list of the railroads in the United States. In abbreviating,
use the initial letters, except St. for Saint; Ste. for Sainte; Ft. for Fort; S. W., N. W.,
etc., for Southwestern, Northwestern, etc.; R. R. for Railroad; Ry. for Railway;
usual abbreviation for States when occurring at end of name, as in example (1) fol-
lowing, and insert the word "of." (1) St. L. S. W. Ry. Co. of Tex. for St. Louis
Southwestern Railway Co. of Texas; (2) M. & St. L. R. R. for Minneapolis & St.
Louis Railroad. The exception to the foregoing rule is the Maine Central Railroad,
the abbreviation for which is Me. C. R. R., the Michigan Central Railroad having the
abbreviation M. C. R. R.
Abilene & Southern Railway Co.
Alabama & Vicksburg Railway Co.
Alabama Great Southern Railroad Co.
Ann Arbor Railroad Co.
Arizona Eastern Railroad Co.
Arkansas Central Railroad Co.
Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Co.
Atlanta & St. Andrews Bay Railway Co.
Atlanta & West Point Railroad Co.
Atlanta, Birmingham & Atlantic Railroad Co.
Atlantic & St. Lawrence Railroad Co.
Atlantic City Railroad Co.
Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Co.
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co.
Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railroad Co.
Baltimore & Philadelphia Railroad Co.
Bangor & Aroostook Railroad Co.
Beaumont. Sour Lake & Western Railway Co.
Bessemer & Lake Erie Railroad Co.
Bloomsburg & Sullivan Railroad Co.
Blue Ridge Railway Co.
Boston & Albany Railroad Co.
Boston & Maine Railroad.
Boyne City, Gaylord & Alpena Railroad Co.
Brinson Railway Co.
Buffalo & Susquehanna Railroad Co.
Buffalo & Susquehanna Railway Co.
Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburgh Railway Co.
Butte, Anaconda & Pacific Railway Co.
Butte County Railroad Co.
Camas Prairie Railroad Co.
Canadian Northern Railway Co.
Canadian Pacific Railway Co.
Carolina, Clinchfield & Ohio Railway.
Central New England Railway Co.
Central of Georgia Railway Co.
Central Railroad Co. of New Jersey.
Central Vermont Railway Co.
Charleston & Western Carolina Railway Co.
Charlotte Harbor & Northern Railway Co.
Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Co.
Chicago & Alton Railroad Co.
Chicago & Eastern Illinois Railroad Co.
Chicago & Erie Railroad Co.
Chicago & Illinois Western Railroad.
Chicago & North Western Railway Co.
Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Co.
Chicago Great Western Railroad Co.
Chicago, Indiana & Southern Railroad Co.
Chicago, Indianapolis & Louisville Railway Co.
Chicago, Memphis & Gulf Railroad Co.
Chicago, Milwaukee & Gary Railway Co.
Chicago, Milwaukee & Puget Sound Railway Co.
Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway Co.
Chicago, Peoria & St. Louis Railway Co. of Illinois.
Chicago, Rock Island & Gulf Railway Co.
Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway Co.
Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railway
Co.
Chicago, Terre Haute & Southeastern Railway Co.
Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Railway Co.
Cincinnati, New Orleans & 'Texas Pacific Railway
Co.
Cincinnati Northern Railroad Co.
Cincinnati, Saginaw & Mackinaw Railroad Co.
Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railway
Co.
Colorado & Southeastern Railway Co.
Colorado & Southern Railway Co.
Colorado Midland Railway Co.
Colorado Springs & Cripple Creek District Railway
Co.
Copper River & Northwestern Railway Co.
Cornwall & Lebanon Railroad Co.
Cornwall Railroad Co.
Coudersport & Port Allegany Railroad Co.
Cumberland Valley Railroad Co.
Dayton & Union Railroad Co.
Delaware & Hudson Co.
Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad Co.
Denver & Rio Grande Railroad Co.
Denver, Northwestern & Pacific Railway Co.
Detroit & Mackinac Railway Co.
Detroit & Toledo Shore Line Railroad Co.
Detroit, Grand Haven & Milwaukee Railway Co.
Detroit, Toledo & Ironton Railway Co.
Dry Fork Railroad Co.
Duluth & Iron Range Railroad Co.
Duluth, Missabe & Northern Railway Co.
Duluth, Rainy Lake & Winnipeg Railway Co.
Duluth, South Shore & Atlantic Railway Co.
Durham & Southern Railway Co.
East Broad Top Railroad & Coal Co.
El Paso & Southwestern Co.
Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Railway Co.
Erie Railroad Co.
Florence & Cripple Creek Railroad Co.
Florida East Coast Railway Co.
Fonda, Johnstown & Gloversville Railroad Co.
Fort Worth & Denver City Railway Co.
Gainesville Midland Railway.
Galveston, Harrisburg & San Antonio Railway Co.
Galveston, Houston & Henderson Railroad Co. of
1882.
Genesee & Wyoming Railroad Co. .
Georges Valley Railroad Co.
Georgetown & Western Railroad Co.
Georgia Railroad.
Georgia Southern & Florida Railway Co.
Georgia Southwestern & Gulf Railroad Co.
Gettysburg & Harrisburg Railway Co.
Grafton & Upton Railroad Co.
Grand Rapids & Indiana Railway Co.
Grand Trunk Western Railway Co.
Great Northern Railway Co.
Greenwich & Johnsonville Railway Co.
Gulf & Sabine River Railroad Co.
Gulf & Ship Island Railroad Co.
Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fe Railway Co.
Gulf Line Railway Co.
Harriman & Northeastern Railroad Co.
Hocking Valley Railway Co.
Houston & Shreveport Railroad Co.
Houston & Texas Central Railroad Co.
Houston East & West Texas Railway Co.
Huntingdon & Broad Top Mountain Railroad &
Coal Co.
Illinois Central Railroad Co.
International & Great Northern Railroad Co.
International & Great Northern Railway Co.
Iowa Central Railway Co.
Jamestown, Chautauqua & Lake Erie Railway Co.
Kalamazoo, Lake Shore & Chicago Railway Co.
Kanawha & Michigan Railway Co.
121
122
RULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION.
Kansas City, Clinton & Springfield Railway Co.
Kansas City & Memphis Railway Co.
Kansas City Southern Railway Co.
Kentucky & Tennessee Railway.
Kewaunee, Green Bay & Western Railroad Co.
Lackawanna & Wyoming Valley Railroad Co.
Lake Champlain & Moriah Railroad Co.
Lake Charles & Northern Railroad Co.
Lake Erie & Western Railroad Co.
Lake Erie, Alliance & Wheeling Railroad Co.
Lake Superior & Ishpeming Railway Co.
Lakeside & Marblehead Railroad Co.
Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway Co.
Lehigh & Hudson River Railway Co.
Lehigh Valley Railroad Co.
Ligonier Valley Railroad Co.
Litchfield & Madison Railway Co.
Long Island Railroad Co.
Lorain & West Virginia Railway Co.
Louisiana & Arkansas Railway Co.
Louisiana Central Railroad Co.
Louisiana Railway & Navigation Co.
Louisiana & Northwest Railroad Co.
Louisiana & Pacific Railway Co.
Louisiana Western Railroad Co.
Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co.
Louisville, Hendersdn & St. Louis Railway Co.
McCloud River Railroad Co.
Macoupin County Railway Co.
Maine Central Railroad Co.
Manistee & Northeastern Railroad Co.
Manitou & Pikes Peak Railway Co.
Marshall & East Texas Railway Co.
Maryland, Delaware & Virginia Railway Co.
Memphis, Dallas & Gulf Railroad Co.
Michigan Central Railroad Co.
Midland Terminal Railway Co.
Midland Valley Railroad Co.
Mineral Range Railroad Co.
Minneapolis & Rainy River Railway Co
Minneapolis & St. Louis Railroad Co.
Minneapolis, St. Paul & S. Ste. Marie Railway Co.
Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway Co.
Missouri & Louisiana Railroad Co.
Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway Co. of Texas.
Missouri Pacific Railway Co.
Mobile & Ohio Railroad Co.
Monongahela Railroad Co.
Montana, Wyoming & Southern Railroad Co.
Montour Railroad Co.
Montpelier & Wells River Railroad.
Morgan's Louisiana & Texas Railroad & Steamship
Co.
Morgantown & Kingwood Railroad Co.
Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis Railway.
Nevada County Narrow Gauge Railroad Co.
Nevada Northern Railway Co.
New Jersey & New York Railroad Co.
New Orleans & Northeastern Railroad Co.
New Orleans Great Northern Railroad Co.
New Orleans, Mobile & Chicago Railroad Co.
New Orleans, Texas & Mexico Railroad Co.
Newport & Richford Railroad Co.
New York Central & Hudson River Railroad Co.
New York, Chicago & St. Louis Railroad Co.
New York & Long Branch Railroad Co.
New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad Co.
New York, Ontario & Western Railway Co.
New York & Ottawa Railway Co.
New York, Philadelphia & Norfolk Railroad Co.
New York, Susquehanna & Western Railroad Co.
Norfolk & Western Railway Co.
Norfolk Southern Railroad Co.
North & South Carolina Railway Co.
Northern Central Railway Co.
Northern Pacific Railway Co.
Northwestern Pacific Railroad Co.
Norwood & St. Lawrence Railroad Co.
Orange & Northwestern Railroad Co.
Oregon Trunk Railway Co.
Oregon Short Line Railroad Co.
Oregon- Washington Railroad & Navigation Co.
Paris & Great Northern Railroad Co.
Pecos & Northern Texas Railway Co.
Pennsylvania Co.
Pennsylvania Railroad Co.
Peoria & Eastern Railway Co.
Pere Marquette Railroad Co.
Perkiomen Railroad Co.
Philadelphia & Reading Railway Co.
Philadelphia, Baltimore & Washington Railroad Co.
Pierre, Rapid City & North Western Railway Co.
Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Railroad Co.
Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Rail-
way Co.
Pittsburg, Shamut & Northern Railroad Co.
Port Reading Railroad Co.
Quanah, Acme & Pacific Railway Co.
Raritan River Railroad Co.
Richmond, Fredericksburgh & Potomac Railroad
Co.
Rio Grande & Eagle Pass Railway Co.
Rutland Railroad Co.
St. Joseph & Grand Island Railway Co.
St. Lawrence & Adirondack Railway Co.
St. Louis & San Francisco Railroad Co.
St. Louis, Brownsville & Mexico Railway Co.
St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway Co.
St. Louis, Rocky Mountain & Pacific Railway Co.
St. Louis, San Francisco & Texas Railway Co.
St. Louis Southwestern Railway Co.
St. Louis Southwestern Railway Co. of Texas.
St. Louis, Troy & Eastern Railroad Co.
San Antonio & Aransas Pass Railway Co,
Salt Lake & Los Angeles Railway Co.
San Diego & Cuyamaca Railway.
San Diego Southern Railway Co.
San Pedro. Los Angeles & Salt Lake Railroad Co.
Seaboard Air Line Railway.
Sierra Railway Co. of California.
South Dakota Central Railway Co.
South Georgia Railway Co.
Southern Kansas Railway Co. of Texas-
Southern Pacific Co.
Southern Railway Co.
Southern Railway Co. in Mississippi.
Spokane International Railway Co.
Spokane, Portland & Seattle Railway Co.
Standard & Hernando Railroad Co.
Staten Island Railway Co.
Staten Island Rapid Transit Railway Co.
Sullivan County Railroad.
Sumpter Valley Railway Co.
Syracuse, Binghamton & New York Railroad Co.
Tacoma Eastern Railroad Co.
Tennessee Central Railroad Co.
Texas & New Orleans Railroad Co.
Texas & Pacific Railway Co.
Toledo & Ohio Central Railway Co.
Toledo, Peoria & Western Railway Co.
Toledo, St. Louis & Western Railroad Co.
Tonopah & Goldfield Railroad Co.
Tonopah & Tidewater Railroad Co.
Toronto, Hamilton & Buffalo Railway Co.
Tremont & Gulf Railway Co.
Trinity & Brazos Valley Railway Co.
Uintah Railway Co.
Ulster & Delaware Railroad Co.
Union Pacific Railroad Co.
United Verde & Pacific Railway Co.
Vandalia Railroad Co.
Vicksburg, Shreveport & Pacific Railway Co.
Virginia & Southwestern Railway Co.
Virginia & Truckee Railway.
Virginian Railwav Co.
Wabash Railroad Co.
Wabash, Chester & Western Railroad Co.
Washington, Idaho & Montana Railway Co.
Washington Southern Railway Co.
Waynesburg & Washington Railroad Co.
West Jersey & Seashore Railroad Co.
Western Maryland Railway Co.
Western Pacific Railway Co.
Western Railway of Alabama.
West Side Belt Railroad Co.
Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad Co.
Wilkes-Barre & Eastern Railroad Co.
Williamsport & North Branch Railroad Co.
Yazoo & Mississippi Valley Railroad Co.
Yosemite Valley Railroad Co.
Youngstown & Ohio River Railroad Co.
Zanesville & Western Railway Co.
USEFUL INFORMATION.
123
STATES, TERRITORIES, AND COUNTIES.
Note the orthography of names of the following counties :
Allegany in Maryland and New York.
Alleghany in North Carolina and Virginia.
Allegheny in Pennsylvania.
Andrew in Missouri.
Andrews in Texas.
Aransas in Texas.
Arkansas in Arkansas.
Barber in Kansas.
Bar hour in Alabama and West Virginia.
Brooke in West Virginia.
Brooks in Georgia and Texas.
Brown in all States.
Bulloch in Georgia.
Bullock in Alabama.
Burnet in Texas.
Burnett in Wisconsin.
Cheboygan in Michigan; Sheboygan in Wisconsin.
Clarke in Alabama, Georgia, Iowa, Mississippi,
Virginia, and Washington; all others Clark.
Coffee in Alabama, Georgia, and Tennessee.
Coffey in Kansas.
Coal in Oklahoma.
Cole in Missouri.
Coles in Illinois.
Cook in Illinois and Minnesota.
Cooke in Texas.
Davidson in North Carolina and Tennessee.
Davison in North Dakota.
Davie in North Carolina.
Daviess in Indiana, Kentucky, and Missouri.
Davis in Iowa and Utah.
Dickenson in Virginia.
Dickinson in Iowa, Kansas, and Michigan.
Dickson in Tennessee.
Douglas in all States.
Glascock in Georgia.
Glasscock in Texas.
Green in Kentucky and Wisconsin; all others
Greene.
Johnston in North Carolina and Oklahoma; all
others Johnson.
Kearney in Nebraska.
Kearny in Kansas.
Lawrence in all States.
Loudon in Tennessee.
Loudoun in Virginia.
Muscogee in Georgia.
Muskogee in Oklahoma.
Park in Colorado and Montana.
Parke in Indiana.
Pottawatomie in Kansas and Oklahoma.
Pottawattamie in Iowa.
Sanders in Montana.
Saunders in Nebraska.
Smyth in Virginia; all others Smith.
Stanley in South Dakota.
Stanly in North Carolina.
Stark in Illinois, North Dakota, and Ohio.
Starke in Indiana.
Stephens in Georgia, Oklahoma, and Texas.
Stevens in Kansas, Minnesota, and Washington.
Storey in Nevada.
Story in Iowa.
Terrell in Georgia and Texas.
Tyrrell in North Carolina.
Vermilion in all States.
Woods in Oklahoma; all others Wood.
Wyandot in Ohio.
Wyandotte in Kansas.
ALABAMA.
Autauga.
Baldwin.
Barbour.
Bibb.
Blount.
Bullock.
Butler.
Calhoun.
Chambers.
Cherokee.
Chilton.
Choc taw.
Clarke.
Clay.
Cleburne.
Coffee.
Colbert.
Conecuh.
Coosa.
Covington.
Crenshaw.
Cullman.
Dale.
Dallas.
Dekalb.
Elmore.
Escambia.
Etowah.
Fayette.
Franklin.
Geneva.
Greene.
Hale.
Henry.
Houston.
Jackson.
Jefferson.
Lamar.
Lauderdale.
Lawrence.
Lee.
Limestone.
Lowndes.
Macon.
Madison.
Marengo.
Marion.
Marshall.
Mobile.
Monroe.
Montgomery.
Morgan.
Perry.
Pickens.
Pike.
Randolph.
Russell.
St. Clair.
Shelby.
Sumter.
Talladega.
Tallapoosa.
Tuscaloosa.
Walker.
Washington.
Wilcox.
Winston.
ALASKA. Alaska is divided into 4 judicial districts, and these are divided into 42 recorders' districts
ARIZONA.
Apache.
Cochise.
ARKANSAS,
Arkansas.
Ashley.
Baxter.
Ben ton.
Boone.
Bradley.
Calhoun.
Carroll.
Chicot.
Clark.
Clay.
Cleburne.
Cleveland.
Columbia.
CALIFORNIA.
Alameda.
Alpine.
Amador.
Butte.
Calaveras.
Colusa.
Contra Costa.
Del Norte.
Eldorado.
Fresno.
Coconino.
Gila.
Graham.
Conway.
Craighead.
Crawford.
Crittenden.
Cross.
Dallas.
Desha.
Drew.
Faulkner.
Franklin.
Fulton.
Garland.
Grant.
Greene.
Hempstead.
Hot Spring.
Glenn.
Humboldt.
Imperial.
Inyo.
Kern.
Kings.
Lake.
Lassen.
Los Angeles
Madera.
Marin.
Mariposa.
Greenlee.
Maricopa.
Mohave.
Howard.
Independence.
Izard\
Jackson.
Jefferson.
Johnson.
Lafayette.
Lawrence.
Lee.
Lincoln.
Little River.
Logan.
Lonoke.
Madison.
Marion.
Mendocino.
Merced.
Modoc.
Mono.
Monterey.
Napa.
Nevada.
Orange.
Placer.
Plumas.
Riverside.
Sacramento.
Navajo.
Pima.
Pinal.
Miller.
Mississippi.
Monroe.
Montgomery.
Nevada.
Newton.
Ouachita.
Perry.
Phillips.
Pike.
Poinsett.
Polk.
Pope.
Prairie.
Pulaski.
San Benito.
San Bernardino.
San Diego.
San Francisco.
San Joaquin.
San Luis Obispo.
San Mateo.
Santa Barbara.
Santa Clara.
Santa Cruz.
Shasta.
Sierra.
Santa Cruz.
Yavapai.
Yuma.
Randolph.
St. Francis.
Saline.
Scott.
Searcy.
Sebastian.
Sevier.
Sharp.
Stone.
Union.
Van Buren.
Washington.
White.
Woodruff.
Yell.
Siskiyou.
Solano.
Sonoma.
Stanislaus.
Sutter.
Tehama.
Trinity.
Tulare.
Tuolumne.
Ventura.
Yolo.
Yuba.
124
KULES
COLORADO.
Crowley.
Custer.
Adams.
Delta.
Arapahoe.
Denver.
Archuleta.
Dolores.
Baca.
Douglas.
Bent.
Eagle.
Boulder.
El Paso.
Chaffee.
Elbert.
Cheyenne.
Clear Creek.
Fremont.
Garfield.
Coneios.
Costilla.
Gilpin.
Grand.
CONNECTICUT.
Fairfleld.
Hartford.
DELAWARE.
Kent.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
FLORIDA.
Dade.
De Soto.
Alachua.
Duval.
Baker.
Escambia.
Bradford.
Franklin.
Brevard.
Gadsden.
Calhoun.
Hamilton.
Citrus.
Hernando.
Clay.
Columbia.
Hillsborough.
Holmes.
GEORGIA.
Cobb.
Coffee.
Appling.
Colquitt.
Baker.
Columbia.
Baldwin.
Coweta.
Banks.
Crawford.
Bar tow.
Crisp.
Ben Hill.
Dade.
Berrien.
Dawson.
Bibb.
Decatur.
Bleckley.
Dekalb.
Brooks.
Dodge.
Bryan.
Bulloch.
Burke.
Dooly.
Dougherty.
Douglas.
Butts.
Early.
Calhoun.
Echols.
Camden.
Effingham.
Campbell.
Carroll.
Elbert.
Emanuel.
Catoosa.
Fannin.
Charlton.
Fayette.
Chatham.
Floyd.
Chattahoochee.
Forsyth.
Chattooga.
Franklin.
Cherokee.
Fulton.
Clarke.
Gilmer.
Clay.
Glascock.
Clayton.
Clinch.
Glynn.
Gordon.
GUAM.
Guam Island.
HAWAII.
Hawaii.
Honolulu.
IDAHO.
Blame.
Boise.
Ada.
Bonner.
Adams.
Booneville.
Bannock.
Canyon.
Bear Lake.
Cassia.
Bingham.
Clearwater.
ILLINOIS.
Champaign.
Christian.
Adams.
Clark.
Alexander.
Clay.
Bond.
Clinton.
Boone.
Coles.
Brown.
Cook.
Bureau.
Crawford.
Calhoun.
Cumberland.
Carroll.
Dekalb.
Cass.
Dewitt.
KULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION.
Gunnison.
Hinsdale.
Huerfano.
Jackson.
Jefferson.
Kiowa.
Kit Carson.
La Plata.
Lake.
Larimer.
Las Animas.
Lincoln.
Logan.
Litchfleld.
Middlesex.
New Castle.
Jackson.
Jefferson.
Lafayette.
Lee.
Leon.
Levy.
Liberty.
Madison.
Manatee.
Grady.
Greene.
Gwinnett.
Habersham.
Hall.
Hancock.
Haralson.
Harris.
Hart.
Heard.
Henry.
Houston.
Irwin.
Jackson.
Jasper.
Jeff Davis.
Jefferson.
Jenkins.
Johnson.
Laurens.
Lee.
Liberty.
Lincoln.
Lowndes.
Lumpkin.
McDuffie.
Mclntosh.
Macon.
Madison.
Kalawao.
Custer.
Elmore.
Franklin.
Fremont.
G coding.
Idaho.
Kootenai.
Douglas.
Dupage.
Edgar.
Edwards.
Effingham.
Fayette.
Ford.
Franklin.
Fulton.
Gallatin.
Greene.
Mineral.
Moffat.
Montezuma.
Montro&e.
Morgan.
Otero.
Ouray.
Park.
Phillips.
Pitkin.
Prowers.
Pueblo.
New Haven.
New London.
Marion.
Monroe.
Nassau.
Orange.
Osceola.
Palm Beach.
Pasco.
Pinellas.
Polk.
Putnam.
Marion.
Meriwether.
Miller.
Milton.
Mitchell.
Monroe.
Montgomery.
Morgan.
Murray.
Muscogee.
.Newton.
Oconee.
Oglethorpe.
Paulding.
Pickens.
Pierce.
Pike.
Polk.
Pulaski.
Putnam.
Quitman.
Rabun.
Randolph.
Richmond.
Rockdale.
Schley.
Screven.
Spalding.
Stephens.
Stewart.
Kauai.
Latah.
Lemhi.
Lewis.
Lincoln.
Minidoka.
Nez Perce.
Oneida.
Grundy.
Hamilton.
Hancock.
Hardin.
Henderson.
Henry.
Iroquois.
Jackson.
Jasper.
Jefferson.
Jersey.
Rio Blanco.
Rio Grande.
Routt.
Saguache.
San Juan.
San Miguel.
Sedgwick.
Summit.
Teller.
Washington.
Weld.
Yuma.
Tolland.
Windham.
Si,. John.
St. Lucie.
Santa Rosa.
Sumter.
Suwannee.
Taylor.
Volusia.
Wakulla.
Walton.
Washington.
Sumter.
Talbot.
Taliaferro.
Tattnall.
Taylor.
Telfair.
Terrell.
Thomas.
Tift.
Toombs.
Towns.
Troup.
Turner.
Twiggs.
Union.
Upson.
Walker.
Walton.
Ware.
Warren.
Washington,
Wayne.
Webster.
Wheeler.
White.
Whitfield.
Wilcox.
Wilkes.
Wilkinson.
Worth
Maui.
Owyhee.
Power.
Shoshone.
Twin Falls.
Washington.
Jo Daviess.
Johnson.
Kane.
Kankakee.
Kendall.
Knox.
La Salle.
Lake.
Lawrence.
Lee
Livingston.
USEFUL INFORMATION".
125
ILLINOIS Con.
Logan.
Massac.
Piatt.
Sangamon.
Warren.
McDonough.
McHenry.
Menard.
Mercer.
Pike.
Pope.
Schuyler.
Scott.
Washington.
Wayne.
McLean.
Monroe.
Pulaski.
Shelby.
White.
Macon.
Montgomery.
Putnam.
Stark.
Whiteside.
Macoupin.
Madison.
Morgan.
Moultrie.
Randolph.
Richland.
Stephenson.
Tazewell.
Will.
Williamson.
Marion.
Ogle.
Rock Island.
Union.
Winnebago.
Marshall.
Peoria.
St. Clair.
Vermilion.
Woodford.
Mason.
Perry.
Saline.
Wabash.
INDIANA.
Delaware.
Jasper.
Newton.
Starke.
Dubois.
Jay
Noble.
Steuben.
Adams.
Elkhart.
Jefferson.
Ohio.
Sullivan.
Allen.
Bartholomew.
Benton.
Fayette.
Floyd.
Fountain.
Jennings.
Johnson.
Knox.
Orange.
Owen.
Parke.
Switzerland.
Tippecanoe.
Tip ton.
Blackford.
Franklin.
Kosciusko.
Perry.
Union.
Boone.
Fulton.
Lagrange.
Pike.
Vanderburg.
Brown.
Gibson.
Lake.
Porter.
Vermilion.
CarroU.
Grant.
Laporte.
Posey.
Vigo.
Cass.
Greene.
Lawrence.
Pulaski.
Wabash.
Clark.
Hamilton.
Madison.
Putnam.
Warren.
Clay.
Hancock.
Marion.
Randolph.
Warrick.
Clinton.
Harrison.
Marshall.
Ripley.
Washington.
Crawford.
Hendricks.
Martin.
Rush.
Wayne.
Daviess.
Henry.
Miami.
St. Joseph.
Wells.
Dearborn.
Howard.
Monroe.
Scott.
White.
Decatur.
Huntington.
Montgomery.
Shelby.
Whitley.
Dekalb.
Jackson.
Morgan.
Spencer.
IOWA.
Clarke.
Hamilton.
Lyon.
Ringgold.
Clay.
Hancock.
Madison.
Sac
Adair.
Clayton.
Hardin.
Mahaska.
Scott.
Adams.
Clinton.
Harrison.
Marion.
Shelby.
Allamakee.
Crawford.
Henry.
MarshaU.
Sioux.
Appanoose.
Dallas.
Howard.
Mills.
Story.
Audubon.
Davis.
Humboldt.
Mitchell.
Tama.
Benton.
Decatur.
Ida.
Monona.
Taylor.
Blackhawk.
Delaware.
Iowa.
Monroe.
Union.
Boone.
Des Moines.
Jackson.
Montgomery.
Van Buren.
Bremer.
Dickinson.
Jasper.
Muscatine.
WapeUo.
Buchanan.
Dubuque.
Jefferson.
O'Brien.
Warren.
Buena Vista.
Emmet.
Johnson.
Osceola.
Washington.
Butler.
Fayette.
Jones.
Page.
Wayne.
Calhoun.
Floyd.
Keokuk.
Palo Alto.
Webster.
Carroll.
Franklin.
Kossuth.
Plymouth.
Winnebago.
Cass.
Fremont.
Lee.
Pocahontas.
Winneshiek.
Cedar.
Greene.
Linn.
Polk.
Woodbury.
Cerro Gordo.
Grundy.
Louisa.
Pottawattamie.
Worth.
Cherokee.
Guthrie.
Lucas.
Poweshiek.
Wright.
Chickasaw.
KANSAS.
Dickinson.
Jackson.
Morris.
Saline.
Doniphan.
Jefferson.
Morton.
Scott.
Allen.
Douglas.
Jewell.
Nemaha.
Sedgwick.
Anderson.
Edwards.
Johnson.
Neosho.
Seward.
Atchison.
Elk.
Kearny.
Ness.
Shawnee.
Barber.
Ellis.
Kingman.
Norton.
Sheridan.
Barton.
Ellsworth.
Kiowa.
Osage.
Sherman.
Bourbon.
Finney.
Labette.
Osborne.
Smith.
Brown.
Ford.
Lane.
Ottawa.
Stafford.
Butler.
Franklin.
Leavenworth.
Pawnee.
Stanton.
Chase.
Geary.
Lincoln.
Phillips.
Stevens.
Chautauqua.
Gove.
Linn.
Pottawatomie.
Sumner.
Cherokee.
Graham.
JLogan.
Pratt.
Thomas.
Cheyenne.
Grant.
Lyon.
Rawlins.
Clark.
Gray.
McPherson.
Reno.
Wabaunsee.
Clay.
Greeley.
Marion.
Republic.
Wallace.
Cloud.
Coffey.
Comanche.
Greenwood.
Hamilton.
Harper.
MarshaU.
Meade.
Miami.
Rice.
Riley.
Rooks.
Washington.
Wichita.
Wilson.
Cowley.
Harvey.
Mitchell.
Rush.
Woodson.
Crawford.
Decatur.
Haskell.
Hodgeman.
Montgomery.
Russell.
Wyandotte.
KENTUCKY.
Boyd.
Carroll.
Elliott.
Gravson.
Boyle.
Carter.
Estai.
Green.
Adair.
Bracken.
Casey.
Fayette.
Greenup.
Allen.
Breathitt.
Christian.
Fleming.
Hancock.
Anderson.
Breckinridge.
Clark.
Floyd.
Hardin.
Ballard.
Bullitt.
Clay.
Franklin.
Harlan.
Barren.
Butler.
Clinton.
Fulton.
Harrison.
Bath.
Caldwell.
Crittenden.
Gallatin.
Hart.
Bell.
Galloway.
Cumberland.
Garrard.
Henderson.
Boone.
Campbell.
Daviess.
Grant.
Henry.
Bourbon.
Carlisle.
Edmonson.
Graves.
Hickman.
126
KULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION.
KENTUCKY Con.
Hopkins.
Lewis.
Meade.
Pendloton.
Todd.
Jackson.
Lincoln.
Menifee.
Perry.
Trigg.
Jefferson.
Livingston.
Mercer.
Pike.
Trimble.
Jessamine.
Logan.
Metcalfe.
Powell.
Union.
Johnson.
Lyon.
Monroe.
Pulaski.
Warren.
Kenton.
Knott.
McCracken.
McCreary.
Montgomery.
Morgan.
Robertson.
Rockcastle.
Washington.
Wayne.
Knox.
McLean.
Muhlenberg.
Rowan.
Webster.
Larue.
Madison.
Nelson.
Russell.
Whitlev.
Laurel.
Magoffin.
Nicholas.
Scott.
Wolfe. '
Lawrence.
Marion.
Ohio.
Shelby.
Woodford.
Lee.
Marshall.
Oldham.
Simpson.
Leslie.
Martin.
Owen.
Spencer.
Letcher.
Mason.
Owsley.
Taylor.
LOUISIANA
(Parishes).
Cameron.
Catahoula.
Jefferson.
Jefferson Davis.
Pointe Coupee.
Rapides.
St. Tammany.
Tangipahoa.
Claiborne.
La Salle.
Red River.
Tensas.
Acadia.
Concordia.
Lafayette.
Richland.
Terrebonne.
Allen.
De Soto.
Lalourche.
Sabine.
Union.
Ascension.
East Baton Rouge.
Lincoln.
St. Bernard.
Vermilion.
Assumption.
East Carroll.
Livingston.
St. Charles.
Vernon.
Avoyelles.
East Feliciana.
Madison.
St. Helena.
Washington.
Beauregard.
Evangeline.
Morehouse.
St. James.
Webster.
BienviUe.
Bossier.
Franklin.
Grant.
Natchitoches.
Orleans.
St. John the Baptist.
St. Landry.
West Baton Rouge
West Carroll.
Caddo.
Iberia.
Ouachita.
St. Martin.
West Feliciana.
Calcasieu.
Iberville.
Plaquemines.
St. Mary.
Winn.
Caldwell.
Jackson.
MAINE.
Cumberland.
Knox.
Piscataquis.
Waldo.
Franklin.
Lincoln.
Sagadahoc.
Washington.
Androscoggln.
Hancock.
Oxford.
Somerset.
York.
Aroostook.
Kennebec.
Penobscot.
MARYLAND.
Calvert.
Dorchester.
Kent.
Somerset.
Caroline.
Frederick.
Montgomery.
Talbot.
Allegany.
Carroll.
Garrett.
Prince Georges.
Washington.
Anne Arundel.
Cecil.
Harford.
Queen Annes.
Wicomico.
Baltimore.
Charles.
Howard.
St. Marys.
Worcester.
Baltimore City.
MASSACHU-
Berkshire.
Franklin.
Middlesex.
Plvmouth.
SETTS.
Bristol.
Hampden.
Nantucket.
Suffolk.
Dukes.
Hampshire.
Norfolk.
Worcester.
Barnstable.
Essex.
MICHIGAN.
Cheboygan.
Ingham.
Macomb.
Osceola.
Chippewa.
Ionia.
Manistee.
Oscoda.
Alcona.
Clare.
losco.
Marquette.
Otsego.
Alger.
Clinton.
Iron.
Mason.
Ottawa.
Allegan.
Crawford.
Isabella.
Mecosta.
Presque Isle.
Alpena.
Delta.
Jackson.
. Menominee.
Roscommon.
Antrim.
Dickinson.
Kalamazoo.
Midland.
Saginaw.
Arenac.
Eaton.
Kalkaska.
Missaukee.
St. Clair.
Baraga.
Emmet.
Kent.
Monroe.
St. Joseph.
Barry.
Genesee.
Keweenaw.
Montcalm.
Sanilac.
Bay.
Glad win.
Lake.
Montmorency.
Schoolcraft.
Benzie.
Gogebic.
Lapeer.
Muskegon.
Shiawassee.
Berrien.
Grand Traverse.
Leelanau.
Newaygo.
Tuscola.
Branch.
Gratiot.
Lena wee.
Oakland.
Van Buren.
Calhoun.
Hillsdale.
Livingston.
Oceana.
Washtenaw.
Cass.
Houghton.
Luce.
Ogemaw.
Wayne.
Charlevoix.
Huron.
Macklnac.
Ontonagon.
Wexford.
MINNESOTA.
Cottonwood.
Kittson.
Norman.
Sherburne.
Crow Wing.
Koochiching.
Olmsted.
Sibley.
Aitkin.
Dakota.
Lac qui Parle.
Otter Tail.
Stearns.
Anoka.
Dodge.
Lake.
Pennington.
Steele.
Becker.
Douglas.
Le Sueur.
Pine.
Stevens.
Beltrami.
Faribault.
Lincoln.
Pipestone.
Swift.
Benton.
Fillmore.
Lyon.
Polk.
Todd.
Big Stone.
Freeborn.
McLeod.
Pope.
Traverse.
Blue Earth.
Goodhue.
Mahnomen.
Ramsey.
Wabasha.
Brown.
Grant.
Marshall.
Red Lake.
Wadena.
Carlton.
Hennepin.
Martin.
Redwood.
Waseca.
Carver.
Houston.
Meeker.
Renville.
Washington.
Cass.
Hubbard.
Mille Lacs.
Rice.
Watonwan.
Chippewa.
Isanti.
Morrison.
Rock.
Wilkin.
Chisago.
Itasca.
Mower.
Roseau.
Winona.
Clay.
Jackson.
Murray.
St. Louis.
Wright.
Clear water.
Kanabec.
Nicollet.
Scott.
Yellow Medicine.
Cook.
Kandlyohl.
Nobles.
USEFUL INFORMATION.
127
MISSISSIPPI.
Covington.
Jefferson Davis.
Montgomery.
Smith.
De Soto.
Jones.
Neshoba.
Sunflower.
Adams.
Forrest.
Kemper.
Newton.
Tallahatchie.
Alcorn.
Franklin.
Lafayette.
Noxubee.
Tate.
Amite.
George.
Lamar.
Oktibbeha.
Tippah.
Attala.
Greene.
Lauderdale.
Panola.
Tishomingo.
Benton.
Grenada.
Lawrence.
Pearl River.
Tunica.
Bolivar.
Hancock.
Leake.
Perry.
Union.
Calhoun.
Harrison.
Lee.
Pike.
Warren.
Carroll.
Hinds.
Leflo.-e.
Pontotoc.
Washington.
Chickasaw.
Holmes.
Lincoln.
Prentiss.
Wayne.
Choctaw.
Issaquena.
Lowndes.
Quitman.
Webster.
Claiborne.
Itawamba.
Madison.
Rankin.
Wilkinson.
Clarke.
Jackson.
Marion
Scott.
Winston.
Clay.
Jasper.
Marshall.
Sharkey.
Yalobusha.
Coahoma.
Jefferson.
Monroe.
Simpson.
Yazoo.
Copiah.
MISSOURI.
Clark.
Iron.
Montgomery.
St. Clair.
Clay.
Jackson.
Morgan.
St. Francois.
Adair.
Clinton.
Jasper.
New Madrid.
St. Louis.
Andrew.
Cole.
Jefferson.
Newton.
St. Louis City.
Atchison.
Cooper.
Johnson.
Nodaway.
Ste. Genevieve.
Audrain.
Crawford.
Knox.
Oregon.
Saline.
Barry.
Dade.
Laclede.
Osage.
Schuyler.
Barton.
Dallas.
Lafayette.
Ozark.
Scotland.
Bates.
Daviess.
Lawrence.
Pemiscot.
Scott.
Benton.
Dekalb.
Lewis.
Perry.
Shannon.
Bellinger.
Dent.
Lincoln.
Pettis.
Shelby.
Boone.
Douglas.
Linn.
Phelps.
Stoddard.
Buchanan.
Dunklin.
Livingston.
Pike.
Stone.
Butler.
Franklin.
McDonald.
Platte.
Sullivan.
Caldwell.
Gasconade.
Macon.
Polk.
Taney.
Callaway.
Gentry.
Madison.
Pulaski.
Texas.
Camden.
Greene.
Maries.
Putnam.
Vernon.
Cape Girardeau.
Grundy.
Marion.
Rails.
Warren.
Carroll.
Harrison.
Mercer.
Randolph.
Washington.
Carter.
Henry.
Miller.
Ray.
Wayne.
Cass.
Cedar.
Hickory
Holt.
Mississippi.
Moniteau.
Reynolds.
Ripley.
Webster.
Worth.
Chariton.
Howard.
Monroe.
St. Charles.
Wright.
Christian.
Howell.
MONTANA.
Chouteau.
Hill.
Park.
Sweet Grass.
Custer.
Jefferson.
Powell.
Teton.
Beaver head.
Dawson.
Lewis and Clark.
Ravalli.
Valley.
Big Horn.
Deer Lodge.
Lincoln.
Rosebud.
Yellowstone.
Blaine.
Fergus.
Madison.
Sanders.
Broadwater.
Flathead.
Meagher.
Sheridan.
Carbon.
Gallatin.
Missoula.
Silver Bow.
Cascade.
Granite.
Musselshell.
Stillwater.
NEBRASKA.
Colfax.
Grant.
Logan.
Saline.
Adams.
Cum ing.
Custer.
Greeley.
Hall.
Loup.
McPherson.
Sarpy.
Saunders.
Antelope.
Dakota.
Hamilton.
Madison.
Scotts Bluff.
Banner.
Dawes.
Harlan.
Merrick.
Seward.
Blaine.
Dawson.
Hayes.
Morrill.
Sheridan.
Boone.
Deuel.
Hitchcock.
Nance.
Sherman.
Box Butte.
Dixon.
Holt.
Nemaha.
Sioux.
Boyd.
Dodge.
Hooker.
Nuckolls.
Stanton.
Brown.
Douglas.
Howard.
Otoe.
Thayer.
Buffalo.
Dundy.
Jefferson.
Pawnee.
Thomas.
Burt.
Fillmore.
Johnson.
Perkins.
Thurston.
Butler.
Franklin.
Kearney.
Phelps.
Valley.
Cass.
Frontier.
Keith.
Pierce.
Washington.
Cedar.
Furnas.
Keyapaha.
Platte.
Wayne.
Chase.
Gage.
Kimball.
Polk.
Webster.
Cherry.
Garden.
Knox.
Red willow.
Wheeler.
Cheyenne.
Garfield.
Lancaster.
Richardson.
York.
Clay.
Gosper.
Lincoln.
Rock.
NEVADA.
Douglas.
Humboldt.
Mineral.
Storey.
Elko.
Lander.
Nye.
Washoe.
Churchill.
Esmeralda.
Lincoln.
Ormsby.
White Pine.
Clark.
Eureka.
Lyon.
NEW
Belknap.
Coos.
Merrimack.
Strafford.
HAMPSHIRE.
Carroll.
Graf ton.
Rockingham.
Sullivan.
Cheshire.
Hillsborough.
NEW JERSEY.
Camden.
Hudson.
Morris.
Sussex.
Cape May.
Hunterdon.
Ocean.
Union.
Atlantic.
Cumberland.
Mercer.
Passaic.
Warren.
Bergen.
Essex.
Middlesex.
Salem.
Burlington.
Gloucester.
Monmouth.
Somerset.
128
RULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION,
NEW MEXICO.
Dona Ana.
McKinley.
San Juan.
Socorro.
Eddy.
Mora.
San Miguel.
Taos.
Bernalillo.
Grant.
Otero.
Sandoval.
Torrance.
Chaves.
Guadalupe.
Quay.
Santa Fe.
Union.
Colfax.
Lincoln.
Rio Arriba.
Sierra.
Valencia.
Curry.
Luna.
Roosevelt.
NEW YORK.
Cortland.
Lewis.
Oswego.
Steuben.
Delaware.
Livingston.
Otsego.
Suffolk.
Albany.
Dutchess.
Madison.
Putnam.
Sullivan.
Allegany.
Erie.
Monroe.
Queens.
Tioga.
Bronx.
Broome.
Essex.
Franklin.
Montgomery.
Nassau.
Rensselaer.
Richmond.
Tompkins.
Ulster.
Cattaraugus.
Fulton.
New York.
Rockland.
Warren.
Cayuga.
Chautauqua.
Genesee.
Greene.
Niagara.
Oneida.
St. Lawrence.
Saratoga.
Washington.
Wayne.
Chemung.
Chenango.
Clinton.
Hamilton.
Herkimer.
Jefferson.
Onondaga.
Ontario.
Orange.
Schenectady.
Scoharie.
Schuyler.
Westchester.
Wyoming.
Yates.
Columbia.
Kings.
Orleans.
Seneca.
NORTH
Chatham.
Greene.
Mitchell.
Rutherford.
CAROLINA.
Cherokee.
Guilford,
Montgomery.
Sampson.
Chowan.
Halifax.
Moore.
Scotland.
Alamance.
Clay.
Harnett.
Nash.
Stanly.
Alexander.
Cleveland.
Hay wood.
New Hanover.
Stokes.
Alleghany.
Alison.
Columbus.
Craven.
Henderson.
Hertford.
Northampton.
Onslow.
Surry.
Swam.
Ashe.
Cumberland.
Hoke.
Orange.
Transylvania.
Avery.
Beaufort.
Currituck.
Dare.
Hyde.
Iredell.
Pamlico.
Pasquotank.
Tyrrell.
Union.
Bertie.
Davidson.
Jackson.
Fender.
Vance.
Bladen.
Davie.
Johnston.
Perquimans.
Wake.
Brunswick.
Duplin.
Jones.
Person.
Warren.
Buncombe.
Durham.
Lee.
Pitt.
Washington.
Burke.
Edgecombe.
Lenoir.
Polk.
Watauga.
Cabarrus.
Forsyth.
Lincoln.
Randolph.
Wayne.
Caldwell.
Franklin.
McDowell.
Richmond.
Wilkes.
Camden.
Gaston.
Macon.
Robeson.
Wilson.
Carteret.
Gates.
Madison.
Rockingham.
Yadkin.
Caswell.
Graham.
Martin.
Rowan.
Yancey.
Catawba.
Granville.
Mecklenburg.
NORTH
Cass.
Hettinger.
Nelson.
Sheridan.
DAKOTA.
Cavalier.
Kidder.
Oliver.
Stark.
Dickey.
Lamoure.
Pembina.
Steele.
Adams.
Divide.
Logan.
Pierce.
Stutsman.
Barnes.
Dunn.
McHenry.
Ramsey.
Towner.
Benson.
Eddy.
Mclntosh.
Ransom.
Traill.
Billings.
Emmons.
McKenzie.
Renville.
Walsh.
Bottineau.
Foster.
McLean.
Richland.
Ward.
Bowman.
Golden Valley.
Mercer.
Rolette.
Wells.
Burke.
Grand Forks.
Morton.
Sargent.
Williams.
Burleigh.
Griggs.
Mountrail.
OHIO.
Adams.
Crawford.
Cuyahoga.
Darke.
Henry.
Highland.
Hocking.
Meigs.
Mercer.
Miami.
Ross.
Sandusky.
Scioto.
Allen.
Defiance.
Holmes.
Monroe.
Seneca.
Ashland.
Delaware.
Huron.
Montgomery.
Shelby.
Ashtabula.
Erie.
Jackson.
Morgan.
Stark.
Athens.
Fairfield.
Jefferson.
Morrow.
Summit.
Auglaize.
Fayette.
Knox.
Muskingum.
Trumbull.
Belmont.
Franklin.
Lake.
Noble.
Tuscarawas.
Brown.
Fulton.
Lawrence.
Ottawa.
Union.
Butler.
Gallia.
Licking.
Paulding.
Van Wert.
Carroll.
Geauga.
Logan.
Perry.
Vinton.
Champaign.
Greene.
Lorain.
Pickaway.
Warren.
Clark.
Clermont.
Guernsey.
Hamilton.
Lucas.
Madison.
Pike.
Portage.
Washington.
Wayne.
Clinton.
Hancock.
Mahoning.
Preble.
Williams.
Columbiana.
Hardin.
Marion.
Putnam.
Wood.
Coshocton.
Harrison.
Medina.
Richland.
Wyandot.
OKLAHOMA.
Coal.
Haskell.
Major.
Pottawatomie.
Comanche.
Hughes.
Marshall.
Pushmataha.
Adair.
Cotton.
Jackson.
Mayes.
Roger Mills.
Alfalfa.
Craig.
Jefferson.
Murray.
Rogers.
Atoka.
Creek.
Johnston.
Muskogee.
Seminole.
Beaver.
Custer.
Kay.
Noble.
Sequoyah.
Beckham.
Delaware.
Kingfisher.
Nowata.
Stephens.
Elaine.
Dewey.
Kiowa.
Okfuskee.
Texas.
Bryan.
Ellis.
Latimer.
Oklahoma.
Tillman.
Caddo.
Garfield.
Le Flore.
Okmulgee.
Tulsa.
Canadian.
Garvin.
Lincoln.
Osage.
Wagoner.
Carter.
Cherokee.
Grady.
Grant.
Logan.
Love.
Ottawa.
Pawnee.
Washington.
Washita.
Choctaw.
Greer.
McClain.
Payne.
Woods.
Cimarron.
Harmon.
McCurtain.
Pittsburg.
Woodward.
Cleveland.
Harper.
Mclntosh.
Pontotoc,.
USEFUL INFORMATION.
129
OREGON.
Crook.
Josephine.
Morrow.
Wasco.
Curry.
Klamath.
Multnomah.
Washington.
Baker.
Douglas.
Lake.
Polk.
Wheeler.
Benton.
Gilliam.
Lane.
Sherman.
Yamhill.
Clackamas.
Grant.
Lincoln.
Tillamook.
Clatsop.
Harney.
Linn.
Umatilla.
Columbia.
Hood River.
Malheur.
Union.
Coos.
Jackson.
Marion.
Wallowa.
PENNSYL-
Cameron.
Fayette.
Luzerne.
Schuylkill.
VANIA.
Carbon.
Forest.
Lvcoming.
Snyder.
Center.
Franklin.
McKean.
Somerset.
Adams.
Chester.
Fulton.
Mercer.
Sullivan.
Allegheny.
Clarion.
Greene.
Mifflin.
Susquehanna.
Armstrong.
Beaver.
Clearfield.
Clinton.
Huntingdon.
Indiana.
Monroe.
Montgomery.
Tioga.
Union.
Bedford.
Columbia.
Jefferson.
Montour.
Venango.
Berks
Crawford.
Juniata.
Northampton.
Warren.
Blair.
Cumberland.
Lackawanna.
Northumberlan d.
Washington.
Bradford.
Bucks.
Dauphin.
Delaware.
Lancaster.
Lawrence.
Perry.
Philadelphia.
Wayne.
Westmoreland.
Butler.
Elk.
Lebanon.
Pike.
Wyoming.
Cambria.
Erie.
Lehigh.
Potter.
York.
PHILIPPINE
Batanes.
Ilocos Sur.
Mountain.
Samar.
ISLANDS
Batangas.
Iloilo.
Nueva Ecija.
Sorsogon.
(Provinces).
Bohol.
Isabela.
Nueva Vizcaya.
Surigao.
Agusan.
Albay.
Bulacan.
Cagayan.
Capiz.
Laguna.
La Union.
Leyte.
Occidental Negros.
Oriental Negros.
Palawan.
Tarlac.
Tayabas.
Zambales.
Ambos Camarines.
Cavite.
Mindoro.
Pampanga.
Antique.
Cebu.
Misamis.
Pangasinan.
Bataan.
Ilocos Norte.
Moro.
Rizai.
PORTO RICO
Cabo Rojo.
Gurabo.
Moro vis.
San Sebastian.
(Municipalities).
Caguas.
Camuy.
Hatillo.
Humacao.
Naguabo.
Naranjito.
Santa Isabel.
Toa Alta.
Adjuntas.
Carolina.
Isabela.
Patillas.
Toa Baja.
Aguada.
Cayey.
Juana Diaz.
Penuelas.
Trujillo Alto.
Aguadilla.
Ciales.
Juncos.
Ponce.
Utuado.
Aguas Buenas.
Cidra.
Lajas.
Quebradillas.
Vega Alta.
Aibonito.
Coamo.
Lares.
Rincon.
Vega Baja.
Anasco.
Comerio.
Las Marias.
Rio Grande.
Vieques.
Arecibo.
Corozal.
Lotza.
Rio Piedras.
Yabucoa.
Arroyo.
Culebra.
Manati.
Sabana Grande.
Yauco.
Barceloneta.
Dorado.
Maricao.
Salinas.
Barranquitas.
Fajardo.
Maunabo.
San German.
Barros.
Guayama.
Mayaguez.
San Juan.
Bayamon.
Guayanilla.
Moca.
San Lorenzo.
RHODE ISLAND.
Bristol.
Kent.
Newport.
Providence.
Washington.
SAMOA.
Manua Island.
TutuUa Island.
SOUTH
Calhoun.
Edgefield.
Lancaster.
Richland.
CAROLINA.
Charleston.
Fairfield.
Laurens.
Saluda.
Cherokee.
Florence.
Lee.
Spartanburg.
Abbeville.
Chester.
Georgetown.
Lexington.
Sumter.
Aiken.
Chesterfield.
Greenville.
Marion.
Union.
Anderson.
Clarendon.
Greenwood.
Marlboro.
waiiamsburg.
Bamberg.
Colleton.
Hampton.
Newberry.
York.
Barnwell.
Darlington.
Horry.
Oconee.
Beaufort.
Dillon.
Jasper.
Orangeburg.
Berkeley.
Dorchester.
Kershaw.
Pickens.
SOUTH
Charles Mix.
Grant.
Lyman.
Shannon.
DAKOTA.
Clark.
Gregory.
McCook.
Spink.
Clay.
Hamlin.
McPherson.
Stanley.
Armstrong.
Codington.
Hand.
Marshall.
Sully.
Aurora.
Corson.
Hanson.
Meade.
Todd.
Beadle.
Custer.
Harding.
Mellette.
Tripp.
Bennett.
Davison.
Hughes.
Miner.
Turner.
Bon Homme.
Day.
Hutchinson.
Minnehaha.
Union.
Brookings.
Brown.
Brule.
Deuel.
Dewey.
Douglas.
Hyde.
Jerauld,
Kingsbury.
Moody.
Pennington.
Perkins.
Walworth.
Washabaugh.
Washington.
Buffalo.
Edmunds
Lake.
Potter.
Yankton.
Butte.
Fall River.
Lawrence.
Roberts.
Ziebach.
Campbell.
Faulk.
Lincoln.
Sanborn.
97724 13 9
J.UU
TENNESSEE.
XX \J X-,JilO .rt.
Davidson.
L> U O J- JL J_Xi! \JE
Henderson.
\j\jwi.r voj. j-xv/ix .
Marion.
Sevier.
Decatur.
Henry.
Marshall.
Shelby.
Anderson.
Dekalb.
Hickman.
Maury.
Smith.
Bedford.
Dickson.
Houston.
Meigs.
Stewart.
Benton.
Dyer.
Humphreys.
Monroe.
Sullivan.
Bledsoe.
Fayette.
Jackson.
Montgomery.
Sumner.
Blount.
Fen tress.
James.
Moore.
Tipton.
Bradlev.
Franklin.
Jefferson.
Morgan.
Trousdale.
Campbell.
Gibson.
Johnson.
Obion.
Unicoi.
Cannon.
Giles.
Knox.
Overton.
Union.
Carroll.
Grainger.
Lake.
Perry.
Van Buren.
Carter.
Greene.
Lauderdale.
Pickett.
Warren.
Cheatham.
Grundy.
Lawrence.
Polk.
Washington.
Chester.
Hamblen.
Lewis.
Putnam.
Wayne.
Claiborne.
Hamilton.
Lincoln.
Rhea.
Weakley.
Clay.
Hancock.
Loudon.
Roane.
White.
Cocke.
Hardeman.
McMinn.
Robertson.
Williamson.
Coffee.
Hardin.
McNairy.
Rutherford.
Wilson.
Crockett.
Hawkins.
Macon.
Scott.
Cumberland.
Haywood.
Madison.
Sequatchie.
TEXAS.
Coryell.
Harris.
McLennan.
Schleicher.
Cottle.
Harrison.
McMullen.
Scurry.
Anderson.
Crane.
Hartley.
Madison.
Shackelford.
Andrews.
Crockett.
Haskell.
Marion.
Shelby.
Angelina.
Crosby.
Hays.
Martin.
Sherman.
Aransas.
Culberson.
Hemphill.
Mason.
Smith.
Archer.
Dallam.
Henderson.
Matagorda.
Somervell.
Armstrong.
Dallas.
Hidalgo.
Maverick.
Starr.
Atascosa.
Dawson.
Hill.
Medina.
Stephens.
Austin.
De Witt.
Hockley.
Menard.
Sterling.
Bailey.
Deaf Smith.
Hood.
Midland.
Stonewall.
Bandera.
Delta.
Hopkins.
Milam.
Button.
Bastrop.
Denton.
Houston.
Mills.
Swisher.
Baylor.
Dickens.
Howard.
Mitchell.
Tarrant.
Bee.
DLmmit.
Hunt.
Montague.
Taylor.
Bell.
Donley.
Hutchinson.
Montgomery.
Terrell.
Bexar.
Duval.
Irion.
Moore.
Terry.
Blanco.
Eastland.
Jack.
Morris.
T hrockmor ton.
Borden.
Ector.
Jackson.
Motley.
Titus.
Bosque.
Edwards.
Jasper.
Nacogdoches.
Tom Green.
Bowie.
El Paso.
Jeff Davis.
Navarro.
Travis.
Brazoria.
Ellis.
Jefferson.
Newton.
Trinity.
Brazos.
Erath.
Jim Wells.
Nolan.
Tyler.
Brewster.
Falls.
Johnson.
Nueces.
Upshur.
Briscoe.
Fannin.
Jones.
Ochiltree.
Upton.
Brooks.
Fayette.
Karnes.
Oldham.
Uvalde.
Brown.
Fisher.
Kaufman.
Orange.
Val Verde.
Burleson.
Floyd.
Kendall.
Palo Pinto.
Van Zandt.
Burnet.
Foard.
Kent.
Panola.
Victoria.
Caldwell.
Fort Bend.
Kerr.
Parker.
Walker.
Calhoun.
Franklin.
Ktmble.
Parmer.
Waller.
Callahan.
Freestone.
King.
Pecos.
Ward.
Cameron.
Frio.
Kinney.
Polk.
Washington.
Camp.
Gaines.
Kleberg.
Potter.
Webb.
Carson.
Galveston.
Knox.
Presidio.
Wharton.
Cass.
Garza.
La Salle.
Rains. '
Wheeler.
Castro.
Gillespie.
Lamar.
Randall.
Wichita.
Chambers.
Glasscock.
Lamb.
Reagan.
Wilbarger.
Cherokee.
Goliad.
Lampasas.
Red River.
Willacy.
Childress.
Gonzales.
Lavaca.
Reeves.
Williamson.
Clay.
Gray.
Lee.
Refugio.
Wilson.
Cochran.
Grayson.
Leon.
Roberts.
Winkler.
Coke.
Gregg.
Liberty.
Robertson.
Wise.
Coleman.
Grimes.
Limestone.
Rockwall.
Wood.
Collin.
Guadalupe.
Lipscomb.
Runnels.
Yoakum.
Collingsworth.
Hale.
Live Oak.
Rusk.
Young.
Colorado.
Hall.
Llano.
Sabine.
Zapata.
Comal.
Hamilton.
Loving.
San Augustine.
Zavalla.
Comanche.
Hansford.
Lubbock.
San Jacinto.
Concho.
Hardeman.
Lynn.
San Patricio.
Cooke.
Hardin.
McCulloch.
San Saba.
UTAH.
Davis.
Kane.
San Juan.
Utah.
Emery.
Millard.
San pete.
Wasatch.
Beaver.
Garfield.
Morgan.
Sevier.
Washington.
Box Elder.
Grand.
Piute.
Summit.
Wayne.
Cache.
Iron.
Rich.
Tooele.
Weber.
Carbon.
Juab.
Salt Lake.
Uinta.
VERMONT.
Caledonia.
Grand Isle.
Rutland.
Windham.
Chittenden.
Lamoille.
Washington.
Windsor.
Addison.
Essex.
Orange.
Bennington.
Franklin.
Orleans.
USEFUL INFORMATION.
131
VIRGINIA.
Charlotte.
Chesterfield.
Greensville.
Halifax.
Montgomery.
Nansemond.
Roanoke.
Rockbridge.
Accomac.
Clarke.
Hanover.
Nelson.
Rockingham.
Albemarle.
Craig.
Henrico.
New Kent.
Russell.
Alexandria.
Alleghany.
Amelia.
Culpeper.
Cumberland.
Dickenson.
Henry.
Highland.
Isle of Wight.
Norfolk.
Northampton.
Northumberland.
Scott.
Shenandoah.
Smyth.
Amherst.
Appomattox.
Augusta.
Dinwiddie.
Elizabeth City.
Essex.
James City.
King and Queen.
King George.
Nottoway.
Orange.
Page.
Southampton.
Spotsylvania.
Stafford.
Bath.
Fairfax.
King William.
Patrick.
Surry.
Bedford.
Fauquier.
Lancaster.
Pittsylvania.
Sussex.
Bland.
Floyd.
Lee.
Powhatan.
Tazewell.
Botetourt.
Fluvanna.
Loudoun.
Prince Edward.
Warren.
Brunswick.
Franklin.
Louisa.
Prince George.
Warwick.
Buchanan.
Frederick.
Lunenburg.
Prince William.
Washington.
Buckingham .
Giles.
Madison.
Princess Anne.
Westmoreland.
Campbell.
Gloucester.
Mathews.
Pulaski.
Wise.
Goochland.
Mecklenburg.
Rappahannock.
Wythe.
Carroll. '
Grayson.
Middlesex.
Richmond.
York.
Charles City.
Greene.
WASHINGTON.
Columbia.
King.
Pend Oreille.
Stevens.
Cowlitz.
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Pierce.
Thurston.
Adams.
Douglas.
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San Juan.
Wahkiakum.
Asotin.
Ferry.
Klickitat.
Skagit.
Walla Walla.
Benton.
Franklin.
Lewis.
Skamania.
Whatcom.
Chehalis.
Garfield.
Lincoln.
Snohomish.
Whitman.
Chelan.
Grant.
Mason.
Spokane.
Yakima.
Clallam.
Island.
Okanogan.
Clarke.
Jefferson.
Pacific.
WEST VIRGINIA.
Gilmer.
Logan.
Nicholas.
Summers.
Grant.
McDowell.
Ohio.
Taylor.
Barbour.
Greenbrier.
Marion.
Pendleton.
Tucker.
Berkeley.
Boone.
Hampshire.
Hancock.
Marshall.
Mason.
Pleasants.
Pocahontas.
Tyler.
Upshur.
Braxton.
Hardy.
Mercer.
Preston.
Wayne. '
Brooke.
Harrison.
Mineral.
Putnam.
Webster.
Cabell.
Jackson.
Mingo.
Raleigh.
Wetzel.
Calhoun.
Jefferson.
Monongalia.
Randolph.
Wirt.
Clay.
Doddridge.
Kanawha.
Lewis.
Monroe.
Morgan.
Ritchie.
Roane.
Wood.
Wyoming.
Fayette.
Lincoln.
WISCONSIN.
Dodge.
Juneau.
Outagamie.
Shawano.
Door.
Kenosha.
Ozaukee.
Sheboygan.
Adams.
Douglas.
Kewaunee.
Pepin.
Taylor.
Ashland.
Dunn.
La Crosse.
Pierce.
Trempealeau.
Barron.
Eau Claire.
Lafayette.
Polk.
Vernon.
Bayfield.
Brown.
Florence.
Fond du Lac.
Langlade.
Lincoln.
Portage.
Price.
Vilas
Walworth.
Buffalo.
Forest.
Manitowoc.
Racine.
Washburn.
Burnett.
Grant.
Marathon.
Richland.
Washington.
Calumet.
Green.
Marinette.
Rock.
Waukeslia.
Chippewa.
Clark.
Green Lake.
Iowa.
Marquette.
Milwaukee.
Rusk.
St. Croix.
Waupaca.
Waushara.
Columbia.
Iron.
Monroe.
Sauk.
Winnebago.
Crawford.
Jackson.
Oconto.
Sawyer.
Wood.
Dane.
Jefferson.
Oneida.
WYOMING.
Carbon.
Hot Springs.
Niobrara.
Uinta.
Converse.
Johnson.
Park.
Washakie.
Albany.
Crook.
Laramie.
Platte.
Weston.
Big Horn.
Fremont.
Lincoln.
Sheridan.
Yellowstone
Campbell.
Goshen.
Natrona.
Sweetwater.
National Park.
.
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