LIBRARY OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
96£
C01
Q^&iUU LJ,
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2012 with funding from
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
http://www.archive.org/details/farmradionews1966univ
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
30.1
I UNIVERSITY OF II II
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1966 Farm Program Modification
Permits Soybeans On Feed Grain Acreage
URBANA — Illinois corn and soybean producers will be inter-
ested in a recent modification of the 1966 feed grain program that al-
lows participants to plant soybeans on permitted feed grain acreage and
also receive price support payments they would have earned if they had.
planted feed grains.
The USDA has announced that voluntary feed grain program
participants who divert 20 percent of their feed grain base acreage to
conserving uses may earn price support payments. These payments of
30 cents per bushel of corn are made on the projected production on
50 percent of the feed grain base acreage.
Under this modification, corn producers signing up for the
program may plant all of their permitted feed grain acreage to soybeans
and earn the total price support payment, according to University of
Illinois farm management economist Duane E. Erickson. However, this
provision does not change the required minimum diversion of 20 percent
of the feed grain base to participate in the program.
There is no diversion payment for the first 20 percent of
land diverted except on farms with feed grain bases of less than 25
acres. Diversion payments are made on diverted amounts above the mini-
mum of 20 percent and up to the maximum of 50 percent of the base acre-
age. Payment rates for diversion above the minimum 20 percent level
for individual farms are included in information received from local
ASCS offices, Erickson says.
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The modification allows a feed grain producer to plant any
percentage of his permitted feed grain acreage to soybeans without loss
of feed grain support payments. But he is not permitted to plant soy-
beans on diverted acres.
Erickson cites these examples as possible applications for a
feed grain base of 100 acres:
— A farmer could divert 20 acres (minimum requirement) , plant
30 acres to soybeans, and plant 50 acres to feed grains.
— He could divert 30 acres, plant 35 acres to soybeans, and
plant 35 acres to feed grains.
— He could divert 50 acres and plant 50 acres to soybeans.
— Or he could divert 20 acres and plant 80 acres to soybeans.
In any of the four examples shown, the producer would be
eligible for the total price support payment, Erickson notes. In the
second example, 10 acres would be eligible for the diversion payment.
In the third example, 30 acres would be eligible for diversion payments
The same general rule applies in all examples, Erickson says.
The diversion payments are made at feed grain or corn rates for amounts
diverted above the minimum 20 percent diversion level. The maximum
amount that can be diverted is 50 percent of the feed grain base.
Budget worksheets for determining the effect of participating
or not participating in the feed grain program are available at the
county farm adviser's office. Erickson advises farmers who have ques-
tions about payment rates for diversion, projected yields, and conserv-
ing bases to see their local ASCS representatives.
The final sign-up date for the 1966 feed grain program is
April 1.
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1/4/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Grain Transportation Changes Are Topic
Of Aq Industries Forum Session
URBANA — Changes in grain transportation — one of the most
fundamental and far-reaching problems currently facing the grain
trade — will be featured in a special grain marketing session of the
8th Agricultural Industries Forum, Chicago Circle Center, March 22-23.
The half-day program is scheduled for Tuesday afternoon,
March 22, to avoid conflict with the 70th annual convention of the
Grain and Feed Dealers Association which begins in Chicago, Wednesday,
March 23, reports L. F. Stice, University of Illinois grain marketing
economist and special session chairman.
Stice points out that the programs of the Forum and the
Grain and Feed Dealers Convention have been planned to complement one
another in both timing and content.
Both the grain trade and the producers are feeling the ef-
fects of recent changes in grain transportation, but no one can be
sure of future trends, Stice says. Recent changes have caused some mar-
kets and marketing firms to increase their grain volume rapidly, while
others are falling behind or are at a standstill.
This trend was first seen when the lower transportation
charges for shipping by water and truck diverted grains away from the
railroads. Stice points out that increasing exports, growth of the
broiler industry in the southeastern states and rising rail rates on
grains since 1945 have contributed to this greater use of water and
trucks for moving grains.
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But more recently, in an attempt to "put grain back on rails/1
certain railroads have drastically reduced rates to certain outlets
and on minimum volumes of grains. Stice says that in transportation
parlance these new grain rates are based on "the cost of services"
formula rather than on "the value of services." And large volumes —
five, 10 or 25 cars — are hauled at lower charges than single cars.
This development, plus the fact that not all railroads have
made these changes, has caused uneven pricing of grains at country
elevators and has diverted grains away from some terminal markets. It
has also idled grain storage and processing facilities in some loca-
tions while creating an urgent need for more facilities in others.
Whether some of the recent changes in grain rates, pricing
and flow will be permanent or temporary is still being debated in the
grain trade, Stice says. Thus there is greater risk than usual in the
investment of money in grain facilities needed to handle, store and
process the growing production of corn and soybeans and the more rapid
harvest marketing of corn caused by field shelling.
To help grain dealers and farmers appraise the effects of
recent trends in grain transportation, the grain marketing program of
the Forum is centered on this topic. Grain transportation specialists
of a major grain processor and major terminal markets will discuss
transportation changes and their effects on Illinois grain markets.
Discussants will be J. R. Lepine, assistant head, grain
division, Ralston Purina Company, St. Louis; C. A. Poelker, Jr.,
secretary and traffic commissioner, Merchants Exchange of St. Louis;
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Ira Johnson, secretary, Peoria Board of Trade, Peoria; Carl J. Lessing,
transportation vice president, Board of Trade of the City of Chicago,
Chicago; and Harold Ellsworth, director of transportation, A. E. Staley
Manufacturing Company, Decatur .
Transportation changes at the national level will also be
discussed at the March 24 session of the Grain and Feed Dealers Con-
vention, Stice says.
For additional information about the Forum, write to
R. P. Bentz, 305 Mumford Hall, Urbana.
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Intercollegiate Flower Judging Contest
At U. Of I.
URBANA — The University of Illinois Department of Horticulture
will host the 1966 Intercollegiate Flower Judging Contest on April 1
at the Illini Union.
Any college or university in which the courses in floricul-
ture are credited toward a bachelor's degree may enter a team of three
undergraduate students who have not previously participated in this
competition.
The first Intercollegiate Flower Judging Contest was held
at the Toronto Flower Show in Canada in 1940. Teams from six univer-
sities entered this contest, in which the University of Illinois placad
third. Since then, 24 contests have been held, and the U. of I. has
entered teams in all but three.
Prior to 1955, the contest was staged during one of the
country's outstanding flower shows. Since then it has been staged on
the campus of a competing university on invitation.
From its inception, the contest has been sponsored jointly
by the Society of American Florists and Pi Alpha Xi, honorary flori-
culture fraternity.
Professor John R. Culbert has coached the Illinois teams
since 1947. He points out that the contest gives students the oppor-
tunity to compete in flower and plant judging on a team basis and also
as individuals. It also provides the opportunity for the exchange of
ideas among students and their instructors.
Since 1947, Culbert-coached teams have performed well in com-
petition. They placed first in 1958, 1960, 1962 and 1963; second in
1957 and 1965; and third in 1947, 1948 and 1956. Illinois teams did
not compete in the 1961 and 1964 contests held on the west coast.
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Modern Dairy Feed Mechanization Unit
Now Available For UI Automation Research
URBANA — The world's most automatic dairy feeding system is
now in operation at the University of Illinois.
Designed by U. of I. dairy scientists and agricultural
engineers, the research system is built to automatically feed up to
80 cows (60 milking and 20 dry) in four lots.
Nerve center of the system is a panel of controls that can be
preset to automatically mix and deliver any combination of corn silage,
high-moisture corn and a concentrate ration to four lots of cows as
often as every two hours.
A modern milk room and double-four herringbone milking par-
lor, a loose-housing shed and two free-stall housing sheds complete the
physical layout of the system.
U. of I. dairy scientists believe that one man should be able
to handle enough high-producing cows to market 500,000 to 700,000
pounds of milk annually. However, to handle that volume, the operator
must rely on automation, bulk feed and milk handling and group handling
of cows. Also, he must limit individual cow attention to such special
occasions as calving, breeding and veterinary treatment.
The U. of I. Dairy Automation Center is built with these
challenges in mind. Dairy scientists and agricultural engineers will
use the system to check out new feed automation equipment, to learn how
cows respond to automation and to incorporate these findings into a
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modern, efficient unit that can serve as a guide for automated oper-
ations on commercial farms.
The entire U. of I. system is built with equipment that is
presently on the market. U. of I. researchers have worked to "mold"
these separate pieces of equipment into a workable automated feed-
handling unit.
Agricultural engineer E. F. Olver says that the operator has
complete control of the combination and proportion of corn silage,
grass silage, high-moisture corn and concentrates that move through
the system. He can set the control panel to automatically carry any
one of the four feeds, a blend of all four or any combination in be-
tween. A 24-hour time-control clock governs time and frequency of
delivery.
Rations are collected from the four feed sources by means of
a common nine-inch auger in the feed room. The auger serves as both
a conveyor and a mixer. It discharges the mixed ingredients into an
inclined chain-flight elevator that carries the ration out of the feed
room and raises it about 10 feet above the ground to a 90-foot cross-
conveying auger that services bunks in each of the four lots.
U. of I. dairy researcher, K. E. Harshbarger says the first
experiment in the new system will involve three lots of 14 cows each.
Object of the study is to see how well cows adjust to receiving their
entire ration in feedlot bunks.
One group of cows will receive their entire ration delivered
automatically to the feedlot. A second group will receive silage de-
livered automatically to the feedlot and concentrates fed in the milk-
ing parlor. The third group will automatically receive silage in the
feedlot bunk along with about half of their concentrate ration. The
rest of the concentrate ration will be fed in the milking parlor.
Future studies will be aimed at improving the automatic con-
trol system, modifying feed delivery components and developing an
efficient system for handling manure.
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1/6/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Outlines 1966 Changes
In Feed Grain Program
URBANA — Title III of the Food and Agricultural Act of 1965,
which deals with feed grains, continues similar voluntary provisions
of the feed grain program of the past. But this section of the new
agricultural bill includes several changes of which Illinois farmers
should be aware.
University of Illinois agricultural economist Duane Erickson
points out that the total price support for corn at the national level
is $1.30 per bushel. This amount is made up of $1.00-per-bushel loan
rate and a 30-cent price support payment. In 1965 the loan rate was
$1.05 and the price support payment was 20 cents for a total price
support of $1.25 per bushel.
Total price support levels for corn will vary from $1.29 to
$1.34 per bushel in Illinois, Erickson says.
The basis of yields used for computing price support payments
and. diversion payments is another change affecting feed grains. In
1966 projected yields will be used. Projected yields are a five-year
average yield plus an increase of about 17 percent to reflect recent
increases in productivity and yield levels.
Projected corn yields in Illinois counties range from 50 to
112 bushels per acre. The average projected yield for Illinois is
91 bushels per acre for corn.
Diversion of land from surplus crops is a continued provision
under Title III of this bill, Erickson says. A change from 1965 is
that no diversion payment is made for the first 20 percent of land
diverted unless the farmer has a base acreage of 25 acres or less.
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In this case a diversion payment is made for the first 20
percent of land at the rate of 20 percent of the county total price
support times the projected yield.
To participate, a farmer must divert a minimum of 20 percent
of the base acreage. The maximum amount to be diverted is 50 percent
of the base or 25 acres, whichever is larger. But the amount diverted
may not exceed the base. The high diversion rate is 50 percent of the
county price support times the farm's projected yields on acreage
diverted above the minimum of 20 percent.
Price support payments are made on 50 percent of the base
acres times the farm projected yield at 30 cents per bushel for corn.
By planting 45 percent of the base, a farmer can earn the maximum price
support payment.
Erickson reports that farmers with a new feed grain base may
file minimum intentions and earn price support payments. But farmers
establishing a new feed grain base cannot earn a diversion payment or
use the wheat-feed grain substitution provision.
A payment reduction provision controls failure to fully compl;
with program provisions. This provision replaces the allowable varia-
tions rule? the penalty for grazing or harvesting diverted acres; and
the loss-of-payment provision when permitted acreage on a non-complying
farm is exceeded.
Erickson advises farmers who have questions about the program
to check with their county ASCS office for further details.
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
UI Economist Outlines
Wheat Program Changes
URBANA — Major changes in the wheat program deal with the
minimum diversion requirements, certificate payments and penalties for
non-compliance with the program after indicating participation, accord-
ing to University of Illinois agricultural economist Duane E. Erickson.
Title V of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1965 continues the
voluntary wheat certificate program until 1969, Erickson says. The
sign-up period for the wheat, feed grain and cropland adjustment pro-
gram begins January 31 and ends April 1.
To participate in the wheat program, a farmer must divert
cropland to conserving uses equal to 15 percent of the farm wheat
allotment, Erickson reports. No diversion payment is made on the 15
percent minimum diversion, but additional acres can be diverted up to
50 percent of the allotment or 25 acres less the minimum diversion,
whichever is larger. In addition, acres diverted under the wheat pro-
gram cannot exceed the wheat allotment.
Payments for diversion are 40 percent of the county loan rate
times the farm projected yield, Erickson says. In 1965 participating
farmers received payments on both domestic and export certificates.
Domestic certificate payments in 1966 are valued at about $1.30 per
bushel on 45 percent of the farm allotment based on projected yields.
Actual value of the domestic certificates will be the difference be-
tween the $1.25 loan rate and July 1, 1966, parity. Planting 40.5
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percent of the wheat allotment will qualify the farmer for the maxi-
mum certificate payment for the domestic certificates.
In 1966 there will be no payment for export certificates,
Erickson says.
Erickson says to obtain program payments wheat farmers who
sign up for the wheat program must remain within their intentions.
Filing additional intentions for minimum-level participation is not
permitted in the 1966 program.
The penalty for overplanting is a reduction in payments. In
some cases payment reduction for overplanting will be twice the county
loan rate times the projected yield on the acreage involved. For
authorized harvesting of diverted acres, the payment reduction will be
the county loan rate times the farm yield on the acres involved.
Erickson points out that these provisions for reduced pay-
ments will encourage closer compliance with sign-up intentions through
the penalty.
Additional details on the wheat program should be obtained
from the local ASCS office, he says.
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JAPtbh
1/11/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
UI Ag College Dean Notes Importance
Of New Aq Communications Curriculum
The dean of the U. of I. College of Agriculture said today
that recent Board of Trustee action approving an agricultural communi-
cations curriculum opens the way for the University of Illinois to
assume national educational leadership in an important area of agri-
cultural business.
Dean 0. G. Bentley pointed out that relatively few U. S. land
grant universities offer coordinated educational programs in the com-
bined fields of agriculture and communications. The growing demand for
young men and women with this combination of education far exceeds the
number of graduates in the United States.
"This growing demand," Bentley said, "stems in part from the
rapid advances in scientific knowledge in agriculture and in part from
the expansion and increased sophistication of our communication systems
in this country. Agricultural businesses are employing more men and
women who have both a basic understanding of agriculture and the
ability to use modern communication methods and systems to communicate
knowledge to farmers and other audiences."
The new curriculum, which was developed in consultation with
leaders in business and industry, offers students a sequence of courses
in agriculture, other physical sciences, communications, social sci-
ences and humanities.
"Our objective," Bentley said, "is to provide a broad educa-
tional base for students who must combine an understanding of the
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implications and consequences of communications with the technical com-
petencies of their profession."
The program will be available to students starting with the
fall semester of 1966. It replaces a major in agricultural communi-
cations that has been offered in the past as part of the general pro-
gram in agriculture and will be offered jointly by the College of
Agriculture and the College of Journalism and Communications.
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1/11/66
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FOR IMWWDI.^TE RF7EASE
Note Rising Quality Of Freshmen
In U.I. Ag College
Three-fourths of the freshmen entering the College of Agri-
culture at the University of Illinois last fall cane from the top one-
fourth of their high school graduating class.
This evidence of the rising quality of entering University
freshmen follows a trend established during the past few years, accord-
ing to Dr. K. E. Gardner, associate dean and director of resident
instruction at the U.I. College of Agriculture.
The 75 percent of last fall's entering freshmen in the top
quarter of their graduating class compares wi!h 54 percent in 1960,
Gardner points out. The figures for the University of Illinois as a
whole were 84 percent last fall compared with 49 percent in 1960.
Whereas 82 percent of the freshmen entering the College of
Agriculture in 1960 were from the top half cf their graduating class,
the figure last fall rose to 98 percent. Comparable University figures
were 78 percent in 1960 and 98 percent last fall.
Top college in student quality this fall was Liberal Arts and
Sciences with 92 percent of its entering freshmen in the top one-
fourth of their graduating class, according to Director Gardner, and
99 percent in the top half.
Another indication of quality and success rate of incoming
freshman students in the College of Agriculture is the fact that only or
college on the Urbana campus dropped fewer freshmen during the 1964-65
scholastic year. Figures show that the College of Fine and Applied
Arts dropped only 8 percent of its entering freshmen last year compared
with the College of Agriculture rate of 14 percent and the all-
University total of 16 percent.
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1965 Deaths From Fire Near Record Number
URBANA — Fire killed about 12,000 persons in this country
during 1965, according to Ordie L. Hogsett, extension safety specialist
at the University of Illinois College of Agriculture.
This figure was an increase of 100 over the previous year's
toll and brought the annual total close to the record mark of 12, 100
fire deaths set in 1954.
The value of property destroyed by fire in 1965 totaled
$1, 760, 000, 000, according to preliminary estimates of the National Fire
Protection Association of Boston. This total i3 an increase of more than
$100,000,000 from the previous year, when the figure was $1,652,700,000
It also approaches the all-time high set in 1963, when fire destruction
cost over $1,788,000,000.
Hogsett said that one small note of encouragement in the
NFPA report was a slight decline in fire deaths in homes. In 1965
approximately 6, 500 persons lost their lives in home fires compared
with 6,550 the previous year. Almost one- third of all fire victims in
the home — about 2,100 — were children.
Of the $1,760,000,000 property loss for 1965, $1, '5*, 000, 000
represented damage to buildings and contents. This cause accounted
for about $93,500,000 of the increase registered for the year. Non-
building fires — those involving aircraft, ships, motor vehicles and
similar equipment as well as forest fires — cost about $306,000,000 in
1965.
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE (
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR RELEASE, JANUARY 15, 1966
OR LATER
Reiser Repeats As Illinois
5-Acre Soybean Champ
URBANA — A "repeat performance" should prove that John Reiser' i
1964 record of 73.5 bushels of soybeans per acre was no "accident."
The Ashland, Illinois, farmer harvested 82.7 bushels per acre from a
5.5-acre plot entered in the 1965 Illinois 5-Acre Soybean Contest.
Reiser averaged 55 bushels of beans per acre on 12 acres on
his home place. He harvested 200 acres of soybeans this past year,
including beans on rented land. Reiser's record-breaking plot was
planted to the new variety, Wayne, on rolling land that had been in
alfalfa two years previously.
The Ashland farmer is sold on narrow-row soybeans. He'd
been wanting to switch to 30-inch rows for some time and decided last
spring to make the machinery change because of labor shortages. With
the equipment he now has, he can handle 400 acres of cropland with no
additional help. His acreage is divided about equally between corn
and soybeans. His yields last year from narrow rows were the best he's
ever had. Fifty acres of land he bought two years ago made 37 bushels
in 1964 when planted to Harosoy beans. This past year, using narrow
rows and Shelby beans, he averaged 51 bushels per acre on the same
ground.
Reiser fall-plows almost all of his 400 acres of cropland.
He cultivates in the spring as soon as he can get into the field.
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Then he cultivates again in front of the planter. All soybeans get
400 pounds of 5-15-8 plus a broadcast blend of 0-70-90 per acre.
With narrow-row beans, Reiser feels that herbicides are a
must. He used 10 percent amiben granules at the rate of 7.5 pounds
per acre in 13-inch bands. From his records, Reiser can tell at a
glance the rate and time of application of all fertilizers, herbicides
and insecticides he uses.
Of Reiser's success with soybean production, Cass County Farm
Adviser Russ Meridith says, "If you had to isolate one factor in John'
success, it would have to be timeliness of operation. Many farmers
just miss bumper crops because they're about 30 days too late."
Reiser planted corn from April 29 to May 2 and soybeans from May 3 to
to 10.
In addition to Reiser's new record, the next four placings
in the soybean contest were "highly respectable."
Second place went to Robert Fairchild, Rochester, Sangamon
county, with a yield of 58.4 bushels. He planted Clark 63 beans on
May 19 in 38-inch rows. He followed with corn, cultivated twice and
used amiben as a pre-emergence herbicide.
Third place went to H. L. Megginson, Jacksonville, Morgan
county. He planted Shelby beans on May 4 in 38-inch rows. He aver-
aged 57.9 bushels on over 28 acres.
Carl Kreis, Buffalo, Sangamon county, took fourth place with
55.8 bushels. He planted Shelby beans on May 22 in 40-inch rows. He
harrowed twice and cultivated once.
Bruce A. Glover, Mt. Erie, Wayne county, placed fifth with
55.6 bushels. This 18-year-old farmer planted Clark 63 beans in 40-
inch rows on May 11 following soybeans, used amiben and cultivated
twice.
Reiser and Glover also doubled county yields with their rec-
ords. The cass county average is 31 bushels per acre; the Wayne
county average is 22 bushels.
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1/13/66
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UI Foreign Trade Conference Aims
To Develop Profitable Farm Markets
URBANA — A conference intended to help develop profitable
markets for Illinois farm products is scheduled for the University of
Illinois Illini Union on Monday and Tuesday, January 24-25.
The program for the Agricultural Foreign Trade Conference
is planned to help Illinois farmers get a better understanding of the
importance of exports to the state's agriculture. The conference will
also emphasize the nature of restrictions on international trade, pro-
grams to stimulate sales in foreign countries and prospects for
increasing exports of Illinois farm products.
The Monday morning session will include a discussion of what
and where we sell and buy by L. H. Simerl, U. of I. extension econo-
mist. W. B. Peterson, secretary of marketing, Illinois Agricultural
Association, Bloomington, will present prospects for exports to the
Far East.
Three Illinois farmers will discuss their experiences in
selling to European buyers. Participants in this discussion will in-
clude Vernon Deeke, Cook county; George Powell, Jr., Madison county;
and Alvin Mahrenholz, Lawrence county.
A feature of the afternoon meeting will be a talk on gains
and losses from exports and imports by U. of I. economist R. W.
Gillespie. U. of I. agricultural marketing economist S. C. Schmidt
will explain how international organizations influence trade.
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Selling livestock products in international markets will be
described by F. J. Zurek, vice-president for foreign operations, Wil-
son and Company, Chicago. Edward W. Pierce, vice-president, Continen-
tal Grain Company, New York, will discuss selling grains abroad.
At a Monday evening dinner meeting, the principal speaker
will be David L. Hume, assistant administrator, Foreign Agricultural
Service, USDA. He will report on prospects for increasing exports of
farm products.
Highlight of the Tuesday session will be a discussion of how
one of our competitors views foreign trade. This will be presented by
Robert Hickman, agricultural attache, Canadian Embassy, Washing-
ton, D. C. Louis F. Dempsey, vice-president for international banking,
Northern Trust Company, Chicago, will explain how farmers get paid for
products sold abroad. The relations of farm programs to foreign
trade will be discussed by D. Gale Johnson, dean, Division of Social
Sciences, University of Chicago.
William B. Miller, secretary, Greater Chicago Port Develop-
ment Association, will discuss programs for increasing exports :•.:-'
Illinois agricultural products at a luncheon meeting on Tuesday
Advance registration is necessary because space is limited
and arrangements must be made for dinners at which principal addresses
will be made. To register for the conference, call or see your county
farm adviser or the Conference Supervisor, 116c Illini Hall, Champaign,
Illinois 61822.
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JANUARY 26, 1966
Special Coverage:
Custom Spray Operators School
UI Researchers Report Work With
Low-Volume Concentrates
For Controlling True Armyworm
URBANA — Both malathion and diazinon applied by air as low-
volume concentrates — 16 fluid ounces per acre — show promise in control-
ling the true armyworm in wheat.
But under the conditions tested last summer by University
of Illinois entomologists, neither insecticide was as effective as
1.5 pounds of toxaphene per acre applied by conventional air applica-
tion, reported U. of I. extension entomologist Steve Moore at the 18th
Annual Custon Spray Operators School here today. Moore is attached
to the Illinois Natural History Survey here.
Low-volume concentrate sprays of malathion and diazinon
applied by air at 16 fluid ounces per acre killed newly hatched chinch
bug nymphs but did not kill the more mature nymphs. Therefore, they
failed to effectively control chinch bugs in wheat, Moore added.
Each plot in the test ranged from four to eight acres. Re-
searchers made pre-treatment and post-treatment counts of armyworms per
linear foot of drill row in four or more locaticns in each plot.
No reduction in the armyworm population occurred until the
fourth day after treatment with either malathion or diazinon. Army-
worm larvae remained inactive for the first two nights following treat-
ment because of the unseasonably cold weather.
Seven days after treatment there was a 45 ro &V percent kill.
The rate of 16 fluid ounces per acre applied at a height of 10 feet was
more effective against armyworms than the same rate applied at a height
of 25 feet.
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Town-Country Church Institute
To Meet At UI Jan. 31-Feb. 2
URBANA — "The Family in Transition" is the theme of the 36th
Annual Town and Country Church Institute scheduled for the University
of Illinois Illini Union January 31 to February 2.
Formerly the Rural Pastors and Lay Leaders Short Course,
the institute and the U. of I. College of Agriculture Cooperative Ex-
tension Service cooperate to provide continuing education and in-
service training for Illinois pastors and church leaders.
After registration at 11 a.m. Monday, the conference will
get under way with a luncheon meeting. Principal speaker will be
Dr. Arthur Carl Piepkorn, graduate professor of systematic theology,
Concordia Seminary, St, Louis.
This year four elective courses will be offered by U. of I.
faculty to meet the interest in more intensive study of the problems
of administration, counseling and community service, reports H. J.
Schweitzer, U. of I. rural sociologist and member of the institute com-
mittee.
These courses are the Church and Community Development;
Leadership Communications and Social Action; Land--Ownership, Use and
Control; and Pastoral Counseling Resources.
At Tuesday sessions University faculty, pastors and theolo-
gians will lead discussions of the changing structure and function of
the family; preparing youth for a meaningful life; marriage and
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meaningful parenthood; helping the aged to a meaningful life; and
mental and emotional problems of the family.
Discussions at Wednesday morning sessions will center on
community resources available for families and the role ;f the church
in the modern family.
Schweitzer points out that the institute committee requests
interested persons to register in advance if possible. Registration
forms are available at the county farm adviser's office and should be
mailed at once to H. J. Schweitzer, 420 Mumford Hall, Urbana, Illinois
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ISPFMRA Plans Winter Meeting
At Illini Union, January 27-28
URBANA — Approximately 160 members of the Illinois Society of
Professional Farm Managers and Rural Appraisers are expected to gather
at the University of Illinois Illini Union January 27-28 for the
society's annual winter meeting.
With about 450 members, the society is the largest state
organization of professional managers and appraisers of farm property
in the nation, reports Fay M. Sims, University cf Illinois farm manage-
ment specialist and ISPFMRA secretary-treasurer.
The society's 1953 award for outstanding contribution to
agriculture will be made at a luncheon r.eeting Friday. P. st recipi-
ents of the ?v?rd aid hcnorsry mcrrbers of the society will also be
recognized at this time.
After registration at 9 a.m. Thursday, the group will hear
a panel discussion of current leasing trends and experiences in custom-
operating farmland for others.
Highlights of the Thursday afternoon session will be the
future and long-range projects of soils and crop technology, predic-
tions for 1966 and guidelines for rural appraising. The uf^ of futures
in farm business will be discussed, and the report of a management fee
study will be given.
The principal speaker at the Thursday evening banquet wili be
John Maggio, International Business Machines, who will discuss com-
puters as farm planning aids.
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At the Friday morning meeting, discussions will center on
tax considerations in transferring and investing in farmland and the
prospects for Illinois agriculture during the next 15 years.
The winter meeting committee includes Dana M. Lewis, Harris
Trust and Savings Bank, Chicago; Ray M. Carmichael, National Bank of
Bloomington; C. Ray Dippel, Prudential Insurance Company of America,
Champaign; Duane E. Erickson, U. of I. farm management specialist;
Phillip L. Farris, First National Bank of Danville; R. Thomas Heinhorst
Champaign National Bank, Champaign; Joseph W. Knapp, Federal Land Bank
Association, Danville; and James A. Rogers, Commercial National Bank
of Peoria.
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FOR RELEASE THURSDAY P.M.,
JANUARY 27, 1966
Grain Drying Workshop Coverage
Plastic Again Used Successfully For
Emergency Corn Storage In UI Tests
URBANA — Plastic sheets laid on the ground have again showed
a potential for temporary high-moisture corn storage — in spite of
some of the warmest early winter temperatures on record in Illinois.
University of Illinois researchers used 1,500 bushels of
22 percent moisture shelled corn in the study. They unloaded the corn
directly onto a 6 mil, 20* x 75' polyethylene sheet and covered it
with a similar sheet.
Agricultural engineer Frank Andrew reported the study here
today at the annual Materials Handling and Grain Drying Workshop. He
said that the corn was stored between the plastic sheets for 60 days,
beginning last October 29.
"The grain appeared in excellent condition when wo marketed
it," Andrew explained. "Corn moisture dropped about one percent during
the two-month storage period, and the base price jumped from $1.01 per
bushel to $1.16."
Andrew also noted that on the date the corn was harvested
the local elevator was "plugged" with trucks waiting in line to un-
load. However, when researchers marketed the corn on December 30, the
grain was accepted as fast as it could be hauled to the elevator.
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The plastic sheets were held firmly to the corn by suction
created by a fan located at one end of the pile. A 1/4-horsepower
motor attached to the fan created about 1/2 inch of static suction.
At night and on cloudy days when outside temperatures dropped
below the corn temperature, researchers opened a flap at the end
opposite the fan and pulled the cooler air through the pile.
"During those warm, muggy nights in November, we began to
wonder whether any grain-cooling winter weather would ever come, "
Andrew said. "However, we were able to keep the corn in marketable
condition. "
Last year was the second year of U. of I. tests using plastic
sheets for emergency corn storage. In 1964 Andrew stored 700 bushels
of 19 percent shelled corn for 40 days between 4 mil plastic sheets
laid on the ground near the cornfield. Cost of the plastic in the test
was about 3 1/2 cents per bushel of corn.
Andrew said the safe length of time for storing high-
moisture corn depends on the moisture-temperature-time relationship.
Ground temperature at the time of storage is an important consider-
ation. The bottom part of the grain will stay at or near this temper-
ature for some time.
With a ground temperature at 60 F. and grain moisture at
19 percent, it's fair to estimate that the bottom half-inch of the
grain can be stored about 30 days. The same corn stored at 40 F.
will keep for two or three months.
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Give Priority To Crops
In Corn Belt; UI Economist
URBANA — In the bid for land, labor and capital on most corn-
belt farms, top priority should be given to the cropping system, re-
ports a University of Illinois farm management specialist. And the
larger the farm acreage, the more important this priority should be-
come.
This situation is true over a period of years because more
than two-thirds of the basic value of farm production, even on hog
farms, comes from the cropping system, D. F. Wilken recently told a
conference of the Illinois Pork Producers Association in Pekin.
Crops — particularly corn and soybeans — pay three to five times more
per hour for labor used than do most livestock enterprises.
But hog production followed by cattle should be given second
priority, Wilken said. These enterprises permit the marketing of corn
and use of any surplus labor, buildings and land not already needed
by the cropping program.
The farm operator should consider investing capital to ex-
pand and mechanize hog production for more efficient use of labor if
he has these things: above-average management ability; consent of the
landowner; a shortage of land in relation to labor; and the necessary
capital.
Wilken also pointed out that on hog farms keeping feed costs
in line with those of competitors was more important than keeping
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building and labor costs comparable. Feed accounts for about 70 per-
cent of the total hog-raising costs compared with only 20 to 25 per-
cent for building and labor costs.
Capital commitments should also be kept in line with effi-
ciency and volume in order to provide the needed repayment capacity,
he added.
Wilken advised pork producers to adopt any production tech-
nique in which the extra returns to resources used would exceed the
added cost over time. But in the foreseeable future, it looks as if
the efficient hog producer can invest in almost all levels of hog
production and make a profit.
The final size of the enterprise will depend upon the ability
of the operator and the part the enterprise plays in the total farm
business. It appears that the efficient small producer who adjusts to
the times has nothing to fear from the large hog farmer.
Wilken noted that, if the comparative advantage of crop pro-
duction should become too great in relation to livestock production
over a period of years, this advantage might be expected to be convert*
into higher land values until it comes more into line with the advantage
from livestock.
But every $100 increase in the value of land would tend to
decrease the landowner's return by about one-half percent on his
investment or decrease the return to labor by about $1 an hour, Wilken
said.
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FOR RELEASE P.M.
JANUARY 26, 1966
Special Coverage:
Custom Spray Operators School
Pesticides Rank Low
As Child Health Hazard
URBANA — A five-year summary of accidental ingestion or con-
tamination by a hazardous substance shows that pesticides rank a
"poor third" behind medicines and household preparations, reported
Roscoe Randell at the 18th annual Custom Spray Operators School her^-
today. Randell is an extension entomologist with the University of
Illinois and the Illinois Natural History Survey.
Cases reported to the Illinois Department of Public Health
through dcwnstate Illinois poison control centers indicate that 57.5
percent of the accidents involved medicines; 16 percent, household
preparations; 7 percent, pesticides; 5 percent, paints; 3 percent,
cosmetics; and 11 percent, miscellaneous causes. These cases include
only children under 12 years, Randell pointed out.
The pesticides most commonly involved in those accidents
were designed to control rats, mice, ants, moths and roaches. These
materials accounted for over 80 percent of the accidental ingestion
cases.
The five-year average (1960-64) of accidental deaths from
pesticides was 2.4, while mo^or vehicles averaged 1,960; home acci-
dents, 1,296; public accidents, 887; occupational accidents, 316; fires
and explosions, 376; falls on stairs, 129; firearms, 194; drugs, 77;
barbiturates, 36; lead, 19; and aspirin, 11. The number of deaths
from animals, lightning and petroleum products ranked above those from
pesticides.
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Of the 12 accidental deaths from pesticides in the past five
years, one was due to an agricultural accident and 11 to home or urban
accidents. Of the 12, seven people were affected by the pesticide
while it was being used and five children obtained it from storage.
Four of the 12 deaths were caused by baits, Randell explained.
Twelve deaths from pesticides in the past five years repre-
sent only .05 percent of the total accidental deaths in Illinois. But
these 12 deaths could have been prevented. Randell lists these four
steps to protect children from poisoning:
1. Use baits properly — out of reach of children.
2. Store woolens proper ly--in sealed containers if you use
moth balls.
3. Keep pesticides stored under lock and key.
4. Burn empty paper pesticide bags, and stay out of the
smoke. Burn out or wash out other pesticide containers, and then haul
them to a sanitary landfill or bury them.
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1/20/66
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FOR RELEASE A.M.
JANUARY 26, 1966
Special Coverage:
Custom Spray Operators School
Herbicide Combinations Offer
"Interesting Possibilities"
URBANA — Combinations of chemicals offer "interesting possi-
bilities" for broadening the range of weed control in the future.
"But there is little need to add a herbicide to control broad-
leaved weeds if grass-specific herbicides are doing a good job and
there are no other weeds of any importance, " University of Illinois
agronomist F. W. Slife reported at the 18th annual Custom Spray Oper-
ators School here today.
A combination of herbicides could lengthen or shorten the
amount of residue in the soil. Combinations could also possibly re-
duce the cost and the way weather affects pre-emergence treatments,
he added.
Some combinations, such as atrazine-lorox, eptam-2,4-D,
Randox-T and alanap-CIPC, are already on the market. U. of I. researc.
shows that a combination can sometimes be better than a single chemica
but only under certain soil and weather conditions, Slife cautioned.
For corn, combinations of atrazine-lorox, atrazine-ramrod,
atrazine-amiben, lorox-ramrod and amiben-ramrod look interesting. For
soybeans, ramrod-lorox and ramrod-amiben are possible combinations.
An ideal combination of herbicides should:
(1) contain two chemicals that have good crop tolerance;
(2) contain two chemicals that give a broad range of weed
control;
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(3) leave no undesirable soil residue but give good resid-
ual weed control; and.
(4) be made up of one chemical that is activated by light
rainfall and another that will not be completely deactivated by heavy
rainfall.
None of the present combinations on the market completely
meet the above requirements, Slife pointed out.
Combinations of herbicides present some problems. Although
wettable powders seem to mix quite well, farmers have experienced some
difficulty in keeping a wettable powder and an emulsifiable concentrate
mixed together in a spray tank. Granular formulation of some combi-
nations may not be available unless chemical companies combine their
efforts and obtain a label. Presently the clearance through the
Federal Drug Administration on the use of combinations, where a label
approval has not been obtained, remains uncertain.
Pre-emergence weed control has been accepted well by Illinois
farmers. About 30 percent of the 1965 corn and soybean crop received
such treatment. Even with the development of post-emergence treatments
the trend toward greater use of pre-emergence treatments will probably
continue, Slife concluded.
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JANUARY 27, 1966
Special Coverage:
Custom Spray Operators School
More Continuous Corn
Means More Northern Corn Rootworm
URBANA — A continued increase in the acreage of continuous
corn — grown three or more years — will increase potential northern corn
rootworm problems, predicted H. B. Petty and Roscoe Randell at the
18th annual Custom Spray Operators School here today.
Petty and Randell are University of Illinois extension ento-
mologists with the Illinois Natural History Survey. They also forecast
a rapid increase in the resistance of rootworms to chlorinated hydro-
carbon insecticides — aldrin and heptachlor.
To check the distribution and abundance of the northern corn
rootworm and the damage it causes, extension entomologists surveyed
10 randomly selected fields in each of 13 northeastern, northwestern,
central and western Illinois counties last summer. Farm advisers of
the U. of I. Cooperative Extension Service obtained crop and soil
treatment histories for the surveyed fields.
The survey showed that 80 of the 122 fields with crop and
treatment histories had one beetle or less per 10 corn silks, a very
light infestation. Four fields had 50 or more beetles per 10 silks,
a moderate infestation. But the northern one-fourth to one-third of
the state has a more severe rootworm problem than the southern part.
Entomologists found more fields in both the northeastern and north-
western districts with 10 or more beetles per 10 silks than in the
other two districts.
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Rootworms tend to increase with three or more years of corn
grown continuously. If present crop rotations continue, increased
acreages of continuous corn will mean more rootworms.
The practice of growing continuous corn and the use of soil
insecticides are widespread. This past year 41 percent of the random
fields were in first-year corn, and 64 percent of these fields were
treated. Twenty percent of the fields were in second-year corn, and
here treatment decreased to 42 percent. This decrease was to be ex-
pected, as first-year corn after sod is normally treated to control
wireworms, white grubs and similar insects; while second-year corn is
less suspect. Twenty- four percent of the surveyed fields were in
third- or fourth-year continuous corn, and 15 percent were in fifth-
year corn or more. The percent of treated fields increased
with three or more years of corn because of the northern rootworm
potential, the entomologists suggested.
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1/20/66
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FOR RELEASE P.M.
JANUARY 26, 1966
Special Coverage:
Custom Spray Operators School
Uncontrolled, Minor Weeds Increasing
URBANA — "We can expect weed plants that have not been con-
trolled, or that were formerly minor species, to increase in importance
So we must devise either cultural or chemical control of these species
before they become major weed problems, " University of Illinois agron-
omist F. W. Slife advised at the 18th annual Custom Spray Operators
School here today.
"There can be little doubt about the usefulness of our pres-
ent pre-emergence chemicals and the benefits that we — producers and
consumers alike — are deriving from them," continued Slife. Neverthe-
less, annual morning glory, nutgrass and climbing milkweed seem to be
increasing in the state, he added.
Here is the current situation with these pests as Slife sees
it:
Annual morning glory. This weed has always been a serious
problem in Illinois. Because it was so sensitive to 2,4-D, it de-
creased in importance after the introduction of the herbicide. But in
the past five years, the acreage of soybeans has increased rapidly.
Farmers are now growing beans on areas previously considered too weedy
for production. Many of the present pre-emergence chemicals used for
corn and soybeans do not control annual morning glory. Amiben, used
on 10 percent of the Illinois soybean acreage, won't "touch" this
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annual pest. Planting infested fields to continuous corn and treating
with 2, 4-D has been the only consistently good control for this weed.
Nutgrass. This perennial weed, a member of the sedge family,
reproduces by seeds and underground nutlets arranged in a chain-like
fashion. Each nutlet can produce a plant. Nutgrass has always been
a problem in low, wet areas of cultivated and non-cultivated fields.
In recent years this densely growing, highly competitive nutgrass
has appeared more frequently, and it seems to be spreading much more
rapidly than in the past.
Several herbicides seem to control nutgrass. Eptam disked
into the infested areas has given good results, but frequently it
induces dormancy in some of the nutlets and the pest may not be
completely eliminated. Lorox as a directed post-emergence spray in
corn has shown considerable promise. Preliminary research shows that
Ramrod may control nutgrass adequately when used as a pre-emergence
treatment.
Climbing milkweed. This perennial vine is common in fence
rows and around buildings throughout the state. It appears in cul-
tivated fields, but has not spread very rapidly. In the past five
years, however, agronomists have observed more and more patches, indi-
cating that this weed is increasing. No adequate control is available
for corn and soybean fields. Pre-emergence chemicals and 2, 4-D used
as a post-emergence spray have little effect on it in cornfields.
Perennial smartweed, ground cherry and trumpet vine — all
perennial weeds found in cultivated areas — do not appear to be in-
creasing at the present time, Slife concluded.
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Special Coverage:
Custom Spray Operators School
New Insects Threaten
Illinois Crops
URBANA — Four insects that have recently invaded Illinois pose
a threat of varying proportions to the state's crops, says University
of Illinois entomologist W. H. Luckmann, head of the economic ento-
mology section of the Illinois Natural History Survey.
The southwestern corn borer first appeared in Alexander
county in 1963. Last year all fields in the county were infested.
Five other southern Illinois counties had local infestations. Since
the rate of spread is curtailed by severe winter weather, entomologists
don't expect this borer to invade the major corn-growing areas of
central and northern Illinois.
The southwestern corn borer drastically reduces yields
because it girdles the leaves and the base of cornstalks, cutting off
the crop's food supply. A slight wind or a push from harvesting equip-
ment causes girdled stalks to fall, and "down corn" becomes another
problem.
Luckmann describes the alfalfa weevil as the most destructive
insect to enter Illinois in many years. The problem is so serious
that many farmers in about 20 southern Illinois counties will have to
treat alfalfa with insecticides this year or suffer hay losses. With-
out insecticide treatment, some may lose entire alfalfa stands,
Luckmann warns.
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In two years the weevil has spread as far north as Champaign
county. At its current rate of spread, it will invade the principal
alfalfa-growing area of northern Illinois in another two years. In
southern Illinois the INHS has released two parasitic wasps provided
by the USDA. Another parasite has moved in on its own accord, but
such parasites can't overcome the weevil "population explosion" with-
out the help of insecticides, Luckmann advises.
Entomologists found one western corn rootworm in 1964. Last
year six western Illinois counties reported this pest. The rootworm
moved across Iowa in five years. At the same speed, it will move
across the central and northern Illinois corn-growing areas in about
three years, says Luckmann.
The western corn rootworm reduces yields in two ways: The
larvae feed on the corn roots; the adult eats corn silks, preventing
kernel set. Organic phosphate insecticides have been effective against
the western corn rootworm in Iowa and Nebraska. In both states it
poses more of a threat to corn growers than the northern corn rootworm.
The same potential threat exists for Illinois, says Luckmann.
Last year the cereal leaf beetle invaded Illinois along the
eastern border in seven locations from Chicago to Danville. All areas
were treated with insecticides, but undetected infestations may exist,
cautions Luckmann.
Although destructive, the ce.eal leaf beetle, should not
greatly alarm small-grain growers. Good agronomic practices will help
small grains outgrow the beetle. And carbaryl and malathion insecti-
cides will control its spread.
However, Luckmann cautions, if the cereal leaf beetle becomes
established, federal quarantines will probably be imposed. Farmers
would then have to treat all grain before they could sell it.
Entomologists discussed these insect pests at the annual
University of Illinois Custom Spray Operators School January 26-27
at Urbana.
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Lack Of Schooling Affects Jobs
For Rural Youth
URBANA — A higher percentage of rural youth than urban young
people find work in the lower prestige and lower income jobs.
A major reason is that the rural youth complete only 8.6
years of school, on the average, compared with 11 years for urban
young people and 9 years for rural non-farm boys and girls.
According to current population reports of the U. S. Bureau
of the Census, the percentage of sons of white-collar workers who
attend or graduate from college is more than twice that of sons of
farmers, says C. D. Smith, assistant dean of the University of Illinois
College of Agriculture.
Young people from low-income families are not so strongly
encouraged by their parents to attend college as are youth from higher
income families, Smith says. Part of the reason, no doubt, is a lack
of resources, or at least a feeling on the part of such families that
they cannot afford to send their sons or daughters to college.
High school seniors who rank in the upper 25 percent of their
graduating class and who need financial assistance to meet college
expenses should apply now for scholarship aid. Most of the cash
scholarships for freshmen entering the University of Illinois College
of Agriculture are made available for just such students. Most such
scholarships vary from $300 to $500 per year. In addition, the good
student with very limited financial resources may also qualify for a
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full tuition scholarship worth $170 a year. He would thus have avail-
able, from scholarships alone, enough help to meet from one-third to
one-half of his college expenses.
Savings from part-time employment while in high school, 4-H
or FFA profits and summer earnings may be enough to put him over the
top in his quest for ways to pay his bills while in college- In
addition, a high percentage of college students earn added income by
part-time employment while in college. There is no shortage of oppor-
tunities for part-time jobs at the University of Illinois Urbana cam-
pus.
Applications for cash scholarships offered by the College
of Agriculture may be obtained from the Associate Dean, 104 Mumford
Hall, Urbana, Illinois. Deadline for submitting applications is
April 1.
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Prospects Good For Exports
Of Soybeans, Corn To Far East
URBANA — Prospects are good for continued large exports of
U. S. soybeans and corn to Japan and other countries in the Far East,
according to W. B. Peterson, Illinois Agricultural Association secre-
tary of marketing.
Peterson said recently at the University of Illinois Agri-
cultural Foreign Trade Conference that Japan had bought about $800
million worth of U. S. agricultural products in 1964. About $504 mil-
lion of this amount was Illinois' share. In grains, Japan bought
100 million bushels of corn, 45 million bushels of grain sorghum, 59
million bushels of wheat and 64 million bushels of soybeans.
The improving diet of the Japanese people should help to
strengthen the long-term future markets, Peterson said. During the
past 15 years, the Japanese consumption of animal proteins has increasec
three times, while fish consumption has remained about the same. And
urban households are using less cereals.
In discussing other U. S. markets that he observed on a
recent trade mission to the Far East, Peterson said that Formosa also
is a star performer in the economic world. In 1964 Formosa imported
nearly $140 million worth of goods from the U. S. More than $47 mil-
lion of this amount was in wheat and flour, $18 million in soybeans and
$350 thousand in milk and milk products.
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The Nationalist government of China is in effective control
of the island, Peterson noted. And food output is increasing faster
than is the population. Thus it was possible for the U. S. to end
economic aid to Formosa in June 1965.
The government would now prefer to have help from U. S.
commercial interests in the form of joint partnerships, Peterson said.
And it has enacted certain statutes to encourage technical cooperation
and investment.
Peterson cited Liutu Industrial District in Taiwan as an
example of a newly organized and developed area that, on a small scale,
is similar to industrial areas near Chicago.
The Philippines, one of our best friends in the Far East,
wants to become self-sufficient, Peterson said. But the nation needs
a strong, stable government to maintain law and order. In addition,
it needs a substantial increase in technical know-how, chemical
fertilizers for rice, corn and soybeans, modern machine./ and a large
amount of investment capital for industry.
Competition for a share of the far eastern markets is in-
creasing. Petorson pointed out that the needs of Hong Kong are being
filled increasingly by Mainland China. In 1964 the Hong Kong market
received only about 18 thousand hundredweights (cwts) of U. S. soybeans
compared with more than 190 thousand hundredweights from MaJnlan".
China. in the first seven months of 1965, Mainland China shiype" 32
thousand hundredweights and the U. S. only 255 hu ;d sdwe^gh? :-.
Hong Kong buyers indicated that, a1, .hough Mainland beans have
a hjgher pro! in content, are hand-cleaned ar.d are packed in 1QG >ound
bags, they prefer the U. S. Hawkeye variety for preparing scy curd.
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Peterson said that in 1964 the Hong Kong market had received
nearly 496 thousand hundredweights of soybean oil from the U. S.,
275 thousand hundredweights from Japan and hearly five thousand hundred-
weights from Formosa. January through July 1965 figures show that the
U. S. exported more than 152 thousand hundredweights; Japan, nearly
54 thousand hundredweights; and Formosa, more than 14 thousand hundred-
weights.
As these figures show, Japan and Formosa are increasing their
share of the oil market in Hong Kong. And they also indicate the
influence that strong Japanese trading and processing companies may
ultimately have in far eastern markets, Peterson said.
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Trends In Farming Indicate
Higher Pay-Off To Management
URBANA — Fewer, but larger farms, appreciation in capital
assets, more specialization and an increasingly higher pay-off for
skillful operation and management are the trends to expect in agricul-
ture during the next 15 years, according to Harold G. Halcrow, head of
the University of Illinois Department of Agricultural Economics.
In outlining agriculture's future here Friday at the winter
meeting of the Illinois Society of Professional Farm Managers and
Rural Appraisers , Halcrow said that within this outline there are un-
told possibilities for both promises and problems.
By 1980 in the U. S. we should have between 800, 000 and
1,500,000 farms compared with an estimated 3.4 million today. This
decrease will be due to consolidation of farming units and elimination
of smaller and less efficient operating units.
The trend toward fewer farms has been evident for some time,
Halcrow said. The same forces that have operated in the past 10 to
15 years will continue to operate, and the effects on farm size and
organization will be similar.
Halcrow projected for Illinois' Class I through IV farms a
drop from the 112,000 counted in 1964 to about 95, COO in 1971 and
about 90,000 by 1980. Estimates of future numbers, by size of farm
area, show more farms moving into the larger sized groups. But this
trend is not so pronounced as changes in economic class, he said.
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This situation suggests increased intensity in use of land
and rising yields, Halcrow believes. There will also be more farms
in the higher income classes, but this change does not mean a widening
of the income distribution among farms.
Since 1956, the total money income received by each one-
fifth of the farm families in the U. S. has changed little, Halcrow
noted. For the past decade the highest one-fifth have received nearly
one-half of the total money income. The next one-fifth have received
about one-fourth, and the lowest three-fifths have received about one-
fourth.
There does not appear to be any good, reason why these pro-
portions will change substantially during the next decade, Halcrow
said.
National programs to reduce poverty may offer opportunities
to the lower income group, but modern farming will give increasing
advantage to the larger and more efficient operators. The prospects
seem to be for an income increase in all major segments of agriculture,
but for the distribution to remain about the same.
The trend toward specialization is likely to continue,
Halcrow said. Although the trend toward one-crop and two-crop farming
in parts of the Corn Belt has gone about as far as it will go, there
will be more specialization by enterprises throughout U. S. agriculture.
Halcrow said that the pressure for consolidation of ownership
units will continue. And the upward trend in land prices will persist.
The farm cost-price squeeze will continue even with further growth of
the national market and expanded exports.
Farm managers and rural appraisers can expect the demand for
their services to continue, Halcrow concluded. And the management of
farm properties will become more institutionalized under contract
arrangements between operators and non-operating owners. But the fam-
ily farm will remain the baJ3ic voit in Illinois and midwestern agricul-
ture. -n
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Exports Biggest Growth Factor
In U. S. Grain Markets
URBANA — International trade in grain is in for a period of
expansion in which all segments of U. S. trade — from farmers to ex-
porters— will participate, according to Edward W. Pierce, vice presi-
dent of the Continental Grain Company.
In appraising the future of exports at the recent Agricul-
tural Foreign Trade Conference at the University of Illinois, Pierce
said that exports have been the biggest growth factor in our grain
markets. They now exceed, domestic use of wheat and take more than 20
percent of our feed grain crop and about 40 percent of our soybeans as
beans, oil or meal.
In the past five years, wheat exports have increased 42 per-
cent; corn, 160 percent; soybeans as beans, 52 percent; soybean oil,
40 percent; and soybean meal, 210 percent.
Pierce identified the three major markets for U. S. exports
as the developed nations of the free world, developing countries, and
communist countries, either developed or developi g.
Although some developed countries h-ve food surpluses, others,
such as Japan and those of western Europe, have food deficits. This
group accounts for most of our commerical gra^n exports. (Commercial
exports are sold for dollars in contrast with other exports, which are
shipped under special government programs.)
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Pierce said that there had been some pessimism about the
future of our grain exports to countries of the European Economic
Community (Common Market) because of their trend toward nationalism
and self-sufficiency in agriculture. But actually the demand for
feed grain and oilseeds, largely U. S. corn and soybeans, has gener-
ally been increasing since the establishment of the Common Market.
The reason is that consumption of meat, milk and eggs has been in-
creasing faster than grain production in these countries.
Evidence is that the demand for U. S. grain and oilseeds
will increase in Japan. And other developed countries outside the
Common Market, such as Spain, are expected to use grain faster than
they can produce it.
In the foreseeable future, most developing countries will
have to be net importers of food. In those countries with the largest
population, most of the increase in food production will be offset by the
population growth. Even though these countries need raoie food, there
are some convincing arguments against importing of food by an agricul-
tural country like India, Pierce said. The way to increase production
of any goods is through specialization, improved technology and in-
creased use of capital. In other words, the developing countries must
industrialize their agriculture.
Nevertheless, Pierce contends that the U. S. will continue
la^'e shioments of food to developing countries because of our high
production, the sharp adjustments we would have to make if we suddenly
stopped cur food aid programs, the political aspects of such aid, the
need for food in these countries and. purely human. i :arian reasons.
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Although selling agricultural products to communist countries
is a controversial subject, these facts must be realized, Pierce noted;
— Communist countries now account for more than one-third of
world net imports of wheat and flour.
— Except for P. L. 480 sales of U. S. wheat to Poland and
Yugoslavia, grain sales to communist countries have b~en on terms of
cash or commercial credit, and payments en credit sales have beer made
promptly.
— Communist countries have had little trouble in c-ettii ig
adequate supplies of wheat from the fre? world on commercia"' terras.
Only the U. S. maV ?s special rules ^or trade with them.
— T^ere are few restrictions en commercial sales of most
other U. S. agricultural commodities to most Soviet bloc countries
except that or?e must get an e:;r-crt license. These licenses have been
fr?cly cranted on soybeans, tallow and recently on feed grains in
large volume.
— The President ' s State of the Union message indicates that
the administration favcrs increased trade with Eastern Europe and
Russia.
— Soviet bloc demand for all cereal grains and oilseeds is
increasing faster than domestic production, as evidenced by increased
imports of feeJ grains and soybeans by these countries.
— Because of national policy, we do not trade with Communist
China. E'.it during the past five years China has taken from 175 to 200
million bushels of wheat per year from the free vox Id on commercial
terms.
Pierce believes it is si nificant tvat- a poor tcJ alitarian
governmer t like China will a] I >Ci B< cce foreign exchange to 1 ly
food rather than let its people go hungry.
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Financing Market Development
Is Theme For Aq Industries Forum
URBANA — Financing market development is the general theme
of the 8th Agricultural Industries Forum, scheduled for March 22-23
at the University of Illinois at Chicago Circle.
R. P. Bentz, U. of I. agricultural economist, is general
chairman of the 1966 forum.
Following registration Tuesday morning, the forum will open
with a general session featuring a discussion of the expanding role of
credit in agricultural industries. Participants will be T. P. Axton,
president, Lafayette Savings Bank, Lafayette, Indiana; and R. B.
Tootel, governor, Farm Credit Administration.
The university's role in agricultural finance will be pre-
sented by U. of I. agricultural economists C. B. Baker and J. M.
Holcomb.
Agri-business financing will be further emphasized in a new
special session. Bankers, agricultural economists and business execu-
tives will discuss agricultural development potentials; current finan-
cing problems in the feed, equipment and chemical industries and agri-
cultural cooperatives? a city banker's view of agri-business financing;
and building and maintaining sound credit policies
In another new session on food distribution, discussions
will center on solving supermarket location problems and management
control of food-store financing and expansion.
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Those who attend special dairy marketing sessions will have
an opportunity to sample and hear discussions about new sterilized
milk and cream products, reconstituted milk powder and milk concen-
trates. Emphasis will also be placed on the past, present and prob-
able future of the dairy industries.
The egg and poultry marketing sessions will feature discus-
sions of the fundamentals of poultry product promotion; hedging eggs
in the fresh egg futures market; speculation in basis; and financing
for the modern poultry industry. Participants will also hear about
problems of large-scale egg production; forecasting of pullet sales
six to 18 months ahead; and decision-making for poultry industry
managers.
Themes of the three special sessions for equipment, feed
and chemical industries will be manpower sources for agricultural
industries, use of computers by agriculturally related businesses and
communicating with the farm market.
Grain marketing special sessions will be based on changes
in grain transportation and their effects on Illinois markets.
Livestock marketing sessions will include some observations
on the futures markets for livestock and meats, innovations in
livestock marketing, and cost factors in livestock production.
The western livestock industry as a forerunner of corn-belt
changes, lessons to be learned from foreign marketing systems, and
trends in Illinois agriculture will also be discussed.
For additional information about the forum, write to General
Chairman, Agricultural Industries Forum, 305 Mumford Hall, University
of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois.
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L. B. Howard Receives Award
For Service To Agriculture
URBANA — Louis B. Howard, dean emeritus of the University of
Illinois College of Agriculture and professor of food science, recently
received the 1966 award for outstanding service to agriculture by the
Illinois Society of Professional Farm Managers and Rural Appraisers.
During the society's annual winter meeting at the Illini
Union, Dean Howard received a plaque citing him for his "outstanding
contributions to the agriculture of Illinois and of the nation as a
distinguished and esteemed educator, researcher and administrator."
A native of Bloomington, Howard received B. S. and M. S. de-
grees from Purdue University and the Ph. D. degree from the University
of Chicago. He is widely known for his research work in food processing
and utilization of agricultural commodities for industrial purposes.
He holds a patent on the process of dehydro- freezing, a method of
preserving food that has been expanded for specialized commercial uses.
Howard joined the U. of I. staff in 1948 as head of the newly
created Department of Food Technology. He was named associate director
of the Agricultural Experiment Station in 1951 while continuing to
serve as head of food technology. He became dean of the college in
1954 and retired from that position in September 1965.
He came to the University from the U. S. Department of Agri-
culture, where he was chief of the Bureau of Agricultural and Indus-
trial Chemistry. Before that time he had occupied various positions
in the USDA.
Since retiring from the deanship, Dean and Mrs. Howard have
traveled extensively. He is presently serving as a research consult-
ant at the University of California at Davis before returning to the
U' of I- -30-
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UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Self-Anchored, Insulated Concrete Walls,
New Look In Farm Building Construction
Editor's Notet The enclosed AGRI-PIX photos are intended for use
with this story.
URBANA — Self-anchored, continuously insulated concrete wall
panels — quite a mouthful to say in one breath, but apparently well
worth the effort. Research results forecast more than moderate suc-
cess for these new panels in future farm building construction.
The panels have all the advantages of tilt-up concrete walls--
they're durable and economical, require little maintenance and can ha
precast at the building site. They have the added advantage of con-
tinuous insulation.
Until now, concrete walls have been supported by reinforced
concrete columns cast between the panels, explain U. of I. agricultural
engineers E. L. Hansen and J. 0. Curtis. With that type of construc-
tion, moisture and frost accumulated on the inside surface of the
columns — a serious disadvantage in closed livestock buildings.
A self-anchoring design developed at the U. of I. has elimi-
nated the need for the troublesome supporting columns. As a result,
insulation is continuous throughout the building. Also, builders can
erect the walls faster, since they don't have to cast columns.
Hansen believes the new walls will compete in price with any
walls having comparable insulation. Cost savings might be realized
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after the building is in use, since the concrete walls require less
maintenance than many other building materials. Insurance also should
cost less, since the walls are fire-proof.
U. of I. ag engineers have developed, two self-anchoring sys-
tems to support insulated wall panels. One system calls for bolting
the panels to the foundation. The other makes the panels continuous
from footing to roof. They are held, in place by a notch in the foot-
ing and threaded rods that anchor each panel to the concrete floor.
"The footing-to-roof panels have two possible advantages over
the bolt-down system," Curtis explains. "For one thing, they eliminate
the need for forming and casting a separate foundation wall, since the
bottom of the panel becomes the foundation.
"Second, panel insulation can be carried down past the floor
slab to give excellent edge insulation for the floor. One possible
limitation of the footing-to-roof design is that it requires a con-
crete floor."
Illinois researchers have worked with two basic types of
continuously insulated panels — one with insulation sandwiched betwaen
two concrete slabs and one with concrete as the outside wall and the
insulating material as the inside wall. They also have worked with an
uninsulated concrete panel intended for buildings that don't need
insulation.
Both types of insulated panels are 5 1/2 inches thick. The
sandwich panel consists of two concrete faces, each 1 3/4 inches thick,
which enclose a 2-inch plastic core.
The other insulated panel consists of 2 1/2 inches of con-
crete and 3 inches of foam plastic insulation in the bolt-down panel,
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and 3 1/2 inches of concrete and 2 inches of insulation in the footing-
to-roof panel. It is designed for buildings that require an inside
wall surface other than concrete.
To date U. of I. ag engineers have built two buildings using
the continuously insulated panels. They used 13 of the bolt-down
panels in a girage addition and used the footing-to-roof panels in a
32 x 36 foot swine research building on the U. of I. South Farms.
"We had no major problems in casting and erecting the panels
for either building," Hansen explains. "We cast the panels horizon-
tally on the building floor in the garage addition and on a special
casting bed for the swine laboratory."
For the swine building walls, Hansen used a vibrating screed
to get a dense, defect-free surface. He applied the final finish by
pulling a fine broom across the concrete while it was still plastic.
"You can use a variety of surface treatments with the panels,"
he explains. "But the broom makes a pleasing texture that can be
painted."
The Illinois researchers say it's best to cure the panels
for about seven days after casting them. However, they are usually
strong enough to raise from the casting bed in about 24 hours.
Hansen and Curtis note that adequate equipment is needed to
transport panels from the casting site to the building site and to set
them on the foundation or footing.
"A 4 x 10 foot panel weighs approxipiately 1,800 pounds,"
Curtis explains. "You can move the panels almost anywhere by trailer
truck and then use small cranes to unload and set them."
The Illinois researchers transported and erected the panels
with a special lift mounted on the back of a farm tractor. Wall
panels used in the U. of I. tests were 4 feet wide and up to 12 feet
high.
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Farm Advisers Accept Wider
Extension Responsibilities
URBANA — Eleven county farm advisers have been selected to
teach in livestock extension programs outside their counties in addi-
tion to carrying on their county educational responsibilities.
In announcing these appointments, Director John B. Claar of
the Cooperative Extension Service at the University of Illinois stated
that this move was part of Extension's policy to provide more special-
ized in-depth educational programs for the people of Illinois.
Advisers selected include Richard G. Kerr, Winnebago County;
E. E. Golden, DeKalb County; Jon F. Ellis, Stark County; Ronald G.
Dedert, Adams County; E. G. Mosbacher, McLean County; Arnold B. Rowand,
Ford County; Robert F. Long, Sr., Montgomery County; Robert E. Hood,
St. Clair County; Calvin H. Cowsert, Shelby County; Victor N. Smith,
Williamson County; and Robert A. Edgar, Franklin County assistant farm
adviser.
These men were selected in consultation with the Department
of Animal Science at the U. of I., and they are all well qualified to
teach extension educational programs in the livestock field, according
to Director Cluar. In addition, they are being given special educa-
tional programs to increase their specialization in this field. For
example, they spent two days in class recently preparing them to take
an active teaching role in the series of winter swine and beef schools
now being presented in many counties.
This action of appointing farm advisers with special subject-
matter competencies will add more than 80 specialized educational meet-
ings for Illinois livestock producers this year, says Director Claar.
Demands by producers for more of these specialized, schools and work-
shops could be met only by such a move, since the state current live-
stock extension staff could not meet all of the requests.
RAJrje ~30~
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Aldrin Still Approved
For Corn Soil Insect Control
URBANA — "Regardless of what you may have heard or read, the
USDA Pesticide Regulation Division has NOT canceled its approval of
aldrin for controlling corn soil insects, " University of Illinois
entomologist W. H. Luckmann emphasized here today. Luckmann is head of
the economic entomology section of the Illinois Natural History Sur-
vey.
Moreover, he continued, the USDA reports that the use of
aldrin for the control of corn soil insects is not in jeopardy of
cancellation during 1966. The chlorinated hydrocarbons are currently
recommended in Illinois for control of seed corn maggot, seed corn
beetle, southern and northern corn rootworm, wireworm, white grub and
grape colaspis, Luckmann pointed out.
Apparently misunderstanding regarding the recent USDA action
is widespread because of a misleading story by certain news media.
In March the USDA will withdraw label approval for the use
of chlorinated hydrocarbons on several vegetable and field crops. The
USDA statement read "30 days after the issuance of the January 31
announcement," Luckmann stated.
The recommendations made in U. of I. Circular 899, "Insect
Control for Field Crops, " agree exactly with the USDA label change.
It is the best source of information available to Illinois farmers,
since many of the chlorinated hydrocarbons — aldrin, dieldrin,
heptachlor and similar insecticides — now on the market contain the
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"old" label information. The U. of I. recommendations were made some-
time ago in anticipation of changes announced by the USDA.
Circular 899 is available, without charge to Illinois
farmers, at the local office of the county farm adviser of the U. of I.
Cooperative Extension Service or from the Agricultural Information
Office, 112 Mumford Hall, University of Illinois, Urbana.
In addition to specific recommendations on the use of
chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides, the circular also contains de-
tailed recommendations for controlling resistant rootworms. Such
pests are showing up in the northern and western parts of the state,
Luckmami pointed out.
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE (
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR P.M. RELEASE,
FEBRUARY 17, 1966
Bentley Reviews World Food Needs
CHICAGO — The agricultural industry and educators face the
inescapable fact that for at least the next 15 to 20 years the food
needs of the world's rapidly expanding population must come from
farmers on about four percent of the world's land. University of
Illinois dean of agriculture, C. G. Bentley made this prediction in a
talk scheduled for the Midwest Fertilizer Conference. "And a large
share of that land is in the United States and Canada," he added.
"In view of this world food and population situation, there
should be no letup in our efforts in the College of Agriculture or in
the efforts of agricultural industry, especially the fertilizer indus-
try, to improve the efficiency of farm production in the United
States," Bentley said.
"This country has the economic, moral and political respon-
sibility to share its educational, technical and industrial know-how
with the free and independent underdeveloped countries of the world."
Bentley said the dilemma caused by increasing production on
the one hand and fighting surplus on the other will be solved because
it must be solved. He noted that the newly appointed National Advisory
Committee on Food and Fiber had been asked to evaluate existing and
alternative agricultural policies and related foreign trade policies.
"When these policies are perfected and the ways and means
found for us to share our capacity with the rest of the world, the need
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for efficiency in our own agricultural production will be greater than
it has ever been, " Bentley pointed out.
"As partners in progress, industry and education have three
basic areas of mutual interest and needr a continuing high level of
basic and applied research, greater numbers of educated men and women
in the field of agriculture and effective means of communicating
knowledge to farmers.
"Industry can continue to look to the college of agricul-
tures and associated agricultural experiment stations for a continuing
high level of basic and applied research. Only through research can
we hope to provide answers that will permit breakthroughs in production
efficiency.
"We have benefited greatly in the past from industry's support
of our research programs. Quite frankly, we will need and welcome this
support even more during the next decade."
Bentley said industry representatives and educators share a
deep concern about the need for greater numbers of educated young
people in the field of agriculture. "Those of you who have tried to
hire salesmen, plant managers, advertising and information specialists
and other company representatives know that the competition is keen
and that colleges of agriculture aren't turning out nearly enough quali-
fied people to meet your needs."
The increased use of fertilizer in Illinois since 1940 is
little short of amazing, Bentley said, but there is still need for
communicating the fund of knowledge to farmers so that they can improve
their farm practices. For example, from 1940 to 1960, the tonnage of
nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium skyrocketed from 11,000 to 405,000.
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The 1960 figure more than doubled in 1964. "But some farmers are still
not making the most economic use of fertilizer. Using more than is
needed is just as uneconomic as not using enough. Other farmers are
not applying the right fertilizer mix on the right crops or the right
soils at the right time, " Bentley pointed out.
The U. of I. Cooperative Extension Service is strengthening
its educational programs in crops and soils. In addition to its state
staff, 20 county extension farm advisers are working across county
lines in various educational programs.
Bentley stressed the need to help other free countries of
the world, and especially the underdeveloped countries, improve their
own productive capacity and efficiency. Several members of the College
of Agriculture staff are now working in Sierra Leone and India to
establish the kind of agricultural universities that have contributed
so much to the improvement of agriculture in this country.
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Announce Agricultural Communications
Scholarships
URBANA — Scholarships are being offered to Illinois students
interested in studying agricultural communications at the University
of Illinois.
These $300 scholarships are available to young men and
women interested in pursuing agricultural communications careers in
farm publication writing and editing, farm radio and television broad-
casting, agricultural public relations, photography or agricultural
advertising.
According to Hadley Read, U. of I. extension editor, the
scholarships will be granted for the 1966-67 school year, beginning
next September, and will be awarded on the basis of applications. The
scholarships have been donated by members of the agricultural communi-
cations industry.
An applicant must reside in Illinois, rank in the upper one-
third of his or her high school class and enter the University of
Illinois College of Agriculture next fall as a freshman or transfer
student with a major in agricultural communications. Application forms
may be obtained by writing to: Scholarships, 330 Mumford Hall, Univer-
sity of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801.
Completed agricultural communications scholarship application
forms must be submitted by April 1.
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
4-H And FFA Dairy Calf Sale Set
For February 26 At U. Of I.
URBANA — The 18th annual 4-H and FFA Dairy Calf Sale will be
held in the University of Illinois Stock Pavilion in Urbana on Satur-
day, February 26. The sale starts at 11:00 a.m.
U. of I. extension dairy scientist Jerry Cash says the
annual sale is sponsored by the Illinois Purebred Dairy Cattle Associ-
ation to give 4-H'ers and FFA members a chance to get first-rate proj-
ect stock at fair prices.
More than 60 calves will be sold. Quotas by breeds include
25 Holstein, 15 Guernsey, 8 Jersey, 12 Brown Swiss and 5 Ayrshire
calves.
Cash says that only 4-H and FFA members are eligible to buy
calves. However, if a member cannot attend, he may designate another
person to buy an animal for him.
All purchasers must certify that they will use the calves
for 4-H or FFA dairy projects. Interested persons can get sale cata-
logs from county farm advisers or vocational agriculture instructors,
or from J. G. Cash, Department of Dairy Science, University of Illi-
nois, Urbana.
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Illinois Turkey Growers
To Discuss Wage-Hour Law
URBANA — A discussion of the wage-hour law and its effects
on agriculture will highlight the 33rd annual winter meeting of the
Illinois State Turkey Growers Association at the Urbana-Lincoln Hotel
February 24-25.
Cliff Stewart, director of public relations, American
Poultry and Hatchery Federation, will be the principal speaker on the
topic.
O. G. Bentley, dean of the University of Illinois College
of Agriculture, will open the afternoon session. R. P. Bentz, U. of
I. agricultural economist, will discuss how the owner of a business
can delegate responsibility and yet retain management control. Ralph
Colburn, Decatur hatcheryman, will give an inspirational talk, "Sales-
men— Shackleton — Corinth. "
At the Friday morning session, Dennis Rahn, Jerome Turkey
Farm, Barron, Wisconsin, will present an illustrated talk on how to
reduce mortality during brooding and growing. Howard Kauffman, Water-
man, will discuss "What Further Processing Can Do for the Turkey
Industry in Illinois."
The National Turkey Federation president, William Wampler,
will conclude the meeting with the 1966 turkey outlook.
At a Thursday evening banquet, Timothy Nugent, director,
U. of I. Division of Rehabilitation-Education Service, will speak on
"New Avenues of Life and How You Can Help."
Association officers and directors will be elected at a
Friday morning business meeting.
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE ,
DIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Community Planning Needed
To Retain Natural Beauty
MONTICELLO — Although the emphasis today is on how litter,
billboards and junkyards affect the American landscape, it is the
littering of unplanned community growth and change that are major
threats to the nation's natural beauty.
This opinion was expressed recently by University of Illinois
extension landscape architect W. R. Nelson at the second annual Farm
Recreation Enterprise Workshop at Allerton House.
In relating the importance of natural beauty to the develop-
ment of recreation facilities and tourism in Illinois, Nelson said that
all too often people think of the Midwest as being visually dull. This
attitude affects not only the growth of recreation, but also the
industrial growth of the area. Since industry today can be more
selective than before in choosing sites, preference is often given to
scenically interesting areas of the nation as a means of attracting
young, creative employees to the company.
Nelson noted that all too often when we enter a community
we see unattractive signboards, masses of asphalt, little evidence of
pride in the treatment of buildings and failure to apply good design in
buildings and landscaping.
For example, the town square is an interesting feature of
midwestern towns, and the old buildings add. charm to these towns. But
too often these features are destroyed in misguided attempts at
modernization.
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Nelson suggested these steps to guide citizens of any com-
munity who want to improve conditions:
—Organize a committee to initiate action, with representa-
tives from all community organizations and governmental bodies.
—Inventory the community in terms of existing problems.
—Establish priorities in projects for community improvement.
—Organize an information campaign with the support of local
media.
— Seek professional help.
Nelson pointed out that since June 1965 a U. of I. committee
on natural beauty has been working on a program to assist communities
in organizing a coordinated program for local improvement.
At present the committer is preparing a series of 10 circu-
lars dealing with such problem areas as schools, churches, downtown
businesses, town squares and entrances to the community. Upon comple-
tion, these circulars will be available to interested groups of people,
Nelson said.
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
February 19-26 Is Illinois FFA Week
"Agriculture Is More Than Farming" is the theme of Future
Farmers of America Week. Governor Otto J. Kerner has proclaimed Febru-
ary 19-26 as Illinois FFA Week.
In his proclamation, Governor Kerner said, "A dynamic agri-
culture is vital to the future progress and prosperity of Illinois,
and this state is dependent to a great degree upon the productive
efforts of those engaged in the business of agriculture."
The Governor expressed admiration for the young men studying
vocational agriculture and urged all citizens to r.ote t'-ie many contri-
butions of the Future Farmers of our state. He pointed out that the
Illinois FFA has been outstanding in developing agricultural leadership,
encouraging cooperation ^nd promoting good citizenship among its mem-
bers.
This week Illinois' 16,110 FFA meinbers, all students of voca-
tional agriculture, are working on special projects to explain the
importance of agriculture to the state. Special emphasis is being
placed on the fact that agriculture is more than farming — it also in-
volves processing, distributing and servicing of agricultural commodi-
ties and supplies.
The national FFA organization had its start in 1S28, when
33 delegates from 13 states met in Kansas City, Missouri, and adopted
a constitution. Nationwide, FFA now has over 400,000 members in 10,000
local chapters in the states and in Puerto Rico. Illinois joined the
organization in 1929 and now has 436 chapters.
The FFA program is an important prrt of high school vocational
agriculture. Members of the local chapter plan a program of work under
the supervision of their advisor, the vocational agriculture teacher.
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Special to Selected Publications
U. Of I. Exhibit Features Annuals
At Chicago World Flower Show
URBANA — Home gardeners visiting the Chicago World Flower and
Garden Show will see how versatile flowering annuals add color to any
flower bed, whether in sun or in shade. The University of Illinois
College of Agriculture exhibit is one of the many educational and
commercial displays on gardening and related subjects in the McCormick
Place show March 19-27.
The college display is composed of three units that feature
flowering annuals for sun and shade, turf and lawn weeds and diseases
and new publications on gardening.
U. of I. extension floriculture specialist Marvin C. Carbon-
neau announced that the exhibit would feature about 30 different vari-
eties of annuals. Included are about 10 varieties of petunia, four
zinnia varieties, dwarf and tall-growing marigolds and most annuals
that are locally available as started plants or seed.
A new U. of I. circular, "Flowering Annuals for Sun and
Shade, " has been prepared especially for the show. It contains compre-
hensive information on selecting varieties, buying started plants,
preparing soil, planting, cultivating, controliinng weeds and ferti-
lizing .
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The booklet also includes a chart on the control of insects
on annual flowers. Common annuals for Illinois gardens are listed in
groups by height at maturity. Varieties for partial shade and for
cutting are also listed.
In addition to the publication on flowering annuals, visitors
to the show may get copies of "Lawn Diseases in the Midwest," a publi-
cation prepared for the 12-state north-central region of the United
States. Also available will be a flyer describing 17 U. of I. free
publications about lawns, flowers, gardening and landscaping.
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Special to Selected Publications
OUTLINE:
A SCALE MODEL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS EXHIBIT at the
Chicago World Flower and Garden Show in McCormick Place, March 19-27,
is described by extension exhibits specialist Victor Stephen (left) .
Observing are Director of the Cooperative Extension Service J. B. Claai
(center) and C. J. Birkeland, head of the Department of Horticulture.
The College of Agriculture's exhibit includes three units that feature
flowering annuals for sun and shade, turf and lawn weeds and diseases,
and new publications on gardening.
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Special to Selected Publications
U. Of I. Exhibit Features Annuals
At Chicago World Flower Show
URBANA — Home gardeners visiting the Chicago World Flower and
Garden Show will see how versatile flowering annuals add color to any
flower bed, whether in sun or in shade. The University of Illinois
College of Agriculture exhibit is one of the many educational and
commercial displays on gardening and related subjects in the McCormick
Place show March 19-27.
The college display is composed of three units that feature
flowering annuals for sun and shade, turf and lawn weeds and diseases
and new publications on gardening.
U. of I. extension floriculture specialist Marvin C. Carbon-
neau announced that the exhibit would feature about 30 different vari-
eties of annuals. Included are about 10 varieties of petunia, four
zinnia varieties, dwarf and tall-growing marigolds and most annuals
that are locally available as started plants or seed.
A new U. of I. circular, "Flowering Annuals for Sun and
Shade, " has been prepared especially for the show. It contains compre-
hensive information on selecting varieties, buying started plants,
preparing soil, planting, cultivating, controliinng weeds and ferti-
lizing .
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The booklet also includes a chart on the control of insects
on annual flowers. Common annuals for Illinois gardens are listed in
groups by height at maturity. Varieties for partial shade and for
cutting are also listed.
In addition to the publication on flowering annuals, visitors
to the show may get copies of "Lawn Diseases in the Midwest," a publi-
cation prepared for the 12-state north-central region of the United
States. Also available will be a flyer describing 17 U. of I. free
publications about lawns, flowers, gardening and landscaping.
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS "'
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Special to Selected Publications
CUTLINE:
A SCALE MODEL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS EXHIBIT at the
Chicago World Flower and Garden Show in McCormick Place, March 19-27,
is described by extension exhibits specialist Victor Stephen (left) .
Observing are Director of the Cooperative Extension Service J. B. Claai
(center) and C. J. Birkeland, head of the Department of Horticulture.
The College of Agriculture's exhibit includes three units that feature
flowering annuals for sun and shade, turf and lawn weeds and diseases,
and new publications on gardening.
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2/22/66
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
1966 Feed Grain Budget Worksheets
Reveal How Programs Affect Income
URBANA — Farmers who are considering the effect that the 1966
Feed Grain Program might have on net incomes should complete one of
the University of Illinois* budget worksheets, according to U. of I.
farm management economist Duane E. Erickson.
The two-part worksheets are available at the county farm
adviser's office. One part shows how to use the worksheet. The
second part is a blank worksheet that can be used to figure how partic-
ipation in the 1966 program will affect farm income.
Additional data are needed to complete the budget worksheet
of expected net crop and livestock incomes, Erickson says. Information
received from the county ASCS office on base acreage, projected yields,
diversion payment rates, price support payments and number of conserv-
ing acres can be used to find the net effect of participation.
Individual farm records can be used to obtain the direct
cash costs of crop production. But if these costs are not available,
a table listing some of the major direct-cost items is included on the
back of the budget worksheet.
Judgments on expected yields of corn and other crops should
be made on the basis of yields from farm record books and expected
yields in the 1966 crop year, Erickson points out. Expected market
prices should also be projected.
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Examples provided in the worksheet will guide farmers in its
use. And using one section of examples, farmers can compare the net
income from participating at the 20 percent minimum diversion level
and at the 50 percent diversion level. Costs of production are based
on the 1964 detailed cost study.
In cases where the feed grain-wheat substitution provision
applies, farmers should obtain the appropriate payment rates from their
county ASCS office, Erickson notes. The budget worksheet also provides
a place to include these payments and to determine the net effect of
the 1966 wheat and feed grain programs.
The worksheet also includes space for considering such items
as labor, price and weather risks, rental arrangements and the live-
stock program.
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1966 Ag Industries Forum Features
Agribusiness Financing Session
URBANA — Because of increases in the amount of credit ex-
tended to farmers by merchants, dealers, distributors and. manufac-
turers, a special session on agribusiness financing is included in
the 8th Agricultural Industries Forum, Chicago Circle Center,
March 22-23.
Discussions at this session will be directed particularly at
city bankers and manufacturers, according to J. M. Holcomb, University
of Illinois professor of farm finance and general session chairman.
"It is hoped that the Forum will provide the basis for
communication that will lead to credit practices of advantage to both
farmers and manufacturers," Holcomb says.
Special session discussions will center on current financing
problems in the feed, agricultural chemical, petroleum and farm machin-
ery industries and in agricultural cooperatives. Participants will
include executives of banks, manufacturing firms and cooperatives and
also agricultural economists.
T. R. McGuire, vice president, Federal Intermediate Credit
Bank, St Louis, will preside at the Tuesday afternoon session. Speak-
ers will include H. G. Halcrow, head, U. of I. department of agricul-
tural economics; A. J. O'Brien, executive vice president, Ralston
Purina Company, St. Louis? M. D. Hill, president, J. I. Case Company,
Racine, Wisconsin; and A. M. Johnston, assistant treasurer, American
Oil Company, Chicago.
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J. A. Hopkin, vice president, Bank of America, San Francisco,
will be the principal speaker at a Tuesday evening dinner meeting.
His topic will be "The Role of the Agricultural College in Financing
Agribusiness." Joseph Ackerman, managing director, Farm Foundation,
Chicago, will preside.
Participants at the Wednesday morning session will include
Clifford Michael, vice president, Commercial National Bank of Peoria;
C. H. Becker, executive vice president, FS Services, Bloomington; and
D. M. Graham, vice chairman, Board of Directors, Continential Illinois
National Bank and Trust Company of Chicago.
Holcomb will moderate a panel discussion on building and
maintaining sound credit policies and programs. Panel members will
include C. H. Peterson, manager, field credit services, Allied Mills,
Chicago; Wayne Tyler, assistant general credit manager, American Oil
Company, Chicago; A. C. Laughlin, vice president and general credit
manager, J. I. Case Credit Corporation, Racine, Wisconsin; Becker and
Graham.
The Forum is moving from Urbana to the U. of I. Chicago
Circle campus this year because the new facilities there that are
particularly well-suited to such a conference, Holcomb says. In addi-
tion, housing accommodations and transportation to Chicago from all
points in the country are more readily available.
For additional information about the Forum, write to R. P.
Bentz, 305 Mumford Hall, Urbana.
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MEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
INIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
UI Ag College Dean Explains
Recent Tour Of South Viet Nam
URBANA — One strength of South Viet Nam is the country's vast
potential for producing food, reports Orville G. Bentley, dean of the
University of Illinois College of Agriculture.
Dean Bentley was one of 10 agricultural specialists who
recently accompanied Secretary of Agriculture Orville Freeman on a
tour of Viet Nam. The team of specialists concluded that agricultural
improvements could drastically assist the overall military conflict
in Viet Nam.
"I returned from the trip encouraged and impressed with what
Vietnamese farmers can do if they are given information and the oppor-
tunity to get such production needs as improved seeds, better livestock
and more fertilizers," Bentley explained. "I had not anticipated that
Vietnamese farmers would be adopting as many new ideas and new tech-
nologies as they are."
Bentley said there is a major effort on the part of the pres-
ent Vietnamese government to direct more attention toward the rural
areas of the country. About 75 to 80 percent of the small nation's
total economy is based on agriculture.
"South Viet Nam has been called the breadbasket of Southeast
Asia, " Bentley explained. "At one time they exported a lot of rice.
And they are capable of doing so again if the area can be made secure.
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"Of course any agricultural improvement has to be tied in
with the problem of pacification and security of the country, " Bentley
noted. "It's difficult to introduce a new idea or work with farmers
in the provinces if the area is not secure."
Bentley' s primary role in Viet Nam was to evaluate the
country's livestock industry. He concluded, that a major problem to
successful livestock production there is one of meeting the demand for
feed grains.
"A short-range answer to this problem would be an arrangement
to import some feed grains and also protein concentrates and supple-
ments, " he explained.
"Also, there is a need to strengthen the country's feed
mixing and distribution system. Viet Nam has only one feed mill. It
grinds about 4,000 tons of feed per year."
Bentley said a long-range solution to the feed grain problem
might be to increase production of corn and other crops for livestock
feed.
"We were told that a number of corn varieties are adaptable
to some areas of Viet Nam," Bentley said. "Soybeans and peanuts also
could be a source of livestock protein concentrates."
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Cropland Adjustment Designed
To Supplement Diversion Program
URBANA — The cropland adjustment program that is part of the
Food and Agriculture Act of 1965 is designed to supplement the acreage
diversion and payment programs for feed grains, wheat, cotton and other
commodities.
In this respect the program is similar in concept to the soil
bank program begun in the 1950s, according to Harold G. Halcrow, head
of the University of Illinois department of agricultural economics.
To participate in the cropland adjustment program, a farmer
must first qualify on these points:
— He must have owned or controlled the operation of the land
he farms for the past three years unless the farm was inherited.
— The farm must have been cropped or in an acreage program,
such as the feed grain or wheat program, during the current year unless
it had been subject to a natural disaster, such as flooding.
— Cropland on the farm must have been planted to row crops
or small grains or idled under the feed grain, wheat or cotton programs
in at least one of the past three years.
— Land that had been in one of the conservation programs,
such as the Conservation Reserve, would also be eligible if the con-
tract had terminated.
When a farmer participates in the cropland adjustment program,
he must defer from production to conservation uses for five to 10 years
his entire acreage of one or more surplus crops, such as feed grains
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and wheat, Halcrow notes. He may elect to place additional cropland
acreage in the program. But not more than 10 percent of the total
cropland of any surplus crop in a county may be placed under the pro-
gram in any one year.
And no more than 25 percent of cropland acreage or acreage
of any one surplus crop may be retired in a county over the period of
agreements.
The total cropland under the program will be limited by the
funds authorized and appropriated, Halcrow says. Payments are limited
to $225 million per year during each of the next four years. By the
end of the sign-up period, contracts in force would amount to a maxi-
mum of $900 million annually. Program participation will be limited
by this provision to an addition of abour eight million acres per year.
Halcrow reports that participation in the feed grain program
is expected to be down considerably, compared with 1965 participation,
because of expectations for high corn yields and good prices.
A combination of payments under the cropland adjustment pro-
gram, plus acreage limitations and higher payments to participants unde
the 1965 act, will tend to increase land prices, with income benefits
going to owners of farm property, he adds.
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
* i
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Reports Of Latest Research
Featured At UI Swine Day
ILLINOIS EDITORS: See the February AGRI-PIX for photos to accompany
this story.
URBANA — Research reports on swine manure disposal, protein
levels for hogs on pasture and drylot and pen space requirements for
pigs raised in confinement highlight the annual University of Illinois
Swine Day program set for March 22 in Urbana.
Other features of the program include reports on wheat and
rye as dietary replacements for corn; studies in improving swine repro-
ductive efficiency; a report on the new, ultra-modern U. of I. Swine
Research Center and a comprehensive look at hog price prospects for
1966.
Manure Disposal Studies...
U. of I. agricultural engineer Don Day will report on the
work with swine manure disposal systems. One method Day tested, last
summer involved treating liquid manure under slotted floors with lime
to control odors.
In the same study, researchers periodically pumped the liquic
waste from the pits onto a four-inch-deep sand filter bed outside the
swine building (ILLINOIS EDITORS: See AGRI-PIX F-3) .
The water drained by gravity through the sand and flowed by
underground tile to a lagoon, leaving the solids on the sandbed to
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dry without odor. Day will give a full report of this and more recent
manure disposal research during the program.
Amino Acids For Estj^a^inn Grain Fee di^g ^alue. . .
Researcher B. G. Harmon will report rerults of studies using
wheat and rye as replacements for corn in growirg-f ini'Shing pig diets.
Harmon notes that amino acid content ic a much mo-re reliable
basis than protein level for estimating relative feeding values of
farm grains. For example, wheat alone supplemented with vitamins and
minerals will provide about a 12 percent protein diet — the recommended
level for a 100-pound pig.
However, this diet would contain only .39 percent lysine,
while the pig requires .50 percent. A supplemental protein source,
such as soybean meal, is still needed to make up for the lysine
deficiency in the diet.
Improving Reproductive Efficiency. . .
Studies aimed at improving swine reproductive efficiency wil.
be reported by animal physiologist A. V. Nalbandov. One roadblock to
better reproductive efficiency is the fact that, although the sow
ovulates 15 to 25 ova during a single heat period, 33 percent or more
of the eggs that are fertilized die during embryonic development.
And, of the pigs that are farrowed, 20 to 35 percent never
reach market. In other words, approximately 60 percent of our poten-
tial pig crop is lost. Nalbandov will report studies by U. of I.
scientists who are trying to pinpoint reasons for the 33 percent
embryonic mortality rate in swine. (See AGRI-PIX F-l.)
Protein Levels For Pigs...
Level of protein fed to pigs on pasture can affect feed
costs. U. of I. animal scientist Dick Carlisle will point out that
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pasture can save $44 per acre in feed costs when hogs receive a 14
percent protein ration from weaning to 100 pounds and 10 percent
protein from 100 pounds to market. He'll give a complete report at
Swine Day.
Program chairmen Carlisle and Al Jensen say an exhibit fea-
turing the latest in swine production equipment will open Swine Day
activities at 8:00 a.m. in the U. of I. Stock Pavilion. The speaking
program begins at 9:45 a.m. in the University Auditorium.
Parking space will be available in the U. of I. Assembly
Hall parking lots. Busses will run between the parking lots and the
Stock Pavilion. The student Block and Bridle Club will serve a barbe-
cued ham luncheon at noon.
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
New Milk Products, Federal Orders
Are Topics Of Ag Forum Dairy Session
URBANA — The commercial sale of milk powder with butterfat,
federal milk order changes and the future of the dairy industry are
topics that will highlight special dairy marketing sessions at the
8th Agricultural Industries Forum, Chicago Circle Center March 22-23.
Roland W. Bartlett, University of Illinois agricultural
economist, reports that dairy sessions will also feature the sampling
of sterilized milk products, a discussion of packaging dairy products
in plastics and Tetra-Pak and reports of the recent nationwide study o
consumer acceptance of milk concentrates.
Participants in the Tuesday afternoon discussions of the nee
for federal milk order changes will include Fred Nonamaker, executive
secretary, Associated Milk Dealers, Chicago; E. E. Vial, executive
secretary, Milk Dealers Association of Metropolitan New York; Alan Luk*
Denver market administrator; and Fred Shipley, St. Louis market admin-
istrator.
Results of a study based on the use of a new milk concentrate
in 4,500 homes will be presented by Tom Wiley, project director, Cannec
Sterilized Milk Program, U. S. Steel Corporation. F. M. Johnson,
director of field engineering, Dole Engineering Company, Rockford, wil.;
give a progress report on commercial sales of sterile milk products.
William Palmer, manager, grocery division, Foremost Dairies, San Fran-
cisco, will discuss grocery store sales of packaged milk with 3/4 per-
cent butterfat.
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The theme of the Tuesday evening session will be the past,
present and probable future of the fluid milk industry, the dairy manu-
facturing industry and the dairy industry generally. Participants
will include J. P. Mason, dairy economist, Natioral M-'.lk Producers
Federation, Washington; George Pfeifer, manager, Amoricar Tairy Foods,
St. Paul, Minnesota; Sheldon Williams, U. of I. agricultural economist;
and Bartlett.
At the Wednesday morning session, P. J. Duffy, system engi-
neer administrator, Boston, will discuss packaging sterile cream in
Tetra-Pak. F. W. Barhoff, general manager, dr.iry services program,
W. R. Grace Company, Clifton, N. J., will outline the use of plastics
in dairy packaging.. And Ohio State University agricultural economist
Elmer Paurr.er will report on a study of milk sales per route for home
deliveries.
For additional information about the Forum, write to R, P.
Bentz, 305 Mumford Ha] 1, Url :^na.
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Winners In First Statewide
Spring Barrow Show Announced
Entries from Prophetstown, Lynn Center, Avon, Highland and
Chrisman took top honors in the first statewide Spring Barrow Show held
at the state fairgrounds in Springfield.
The show, which attracted 500 entries, featured two separate
live-weight classes, a carcass class and a truckload-of-five class.
Grand champion of the live-weight classes was a 215-pound
Hampshire barrow owned by Forrest T. Pritchard of Prophetstown. The
reserve champion was a 216-pound Hampshire showed by J. R. Beatty of
Avon.
Grand champion of the carcass class was a Hampshire entered
by Engnell Brothers of Lynn Center. The carcass contained 41.7 percent
ham and loin and sported a 5.79 square-inch loin-eye area.
The reserve champion was a Hampshire barrcw carcrss entered
by Leslie and Roland Malan of Highland. The carcass contained 41.6 per-
cent ham and loin and had a 5.45 square-inch loin -eye area. Carcasses
entered by Fred Hemphill, Orion; Richard Si~ier, Beason; and Ray and
Eddie Lindskog, Prophetstown, completed the top five places.
The champion truck- load of five barrows was shown by Eddie
Lindskog of Prophetstown. The five Hampshire barrows averaged 209
pounds, live-weight, and their rarcassis ha I an sveraci of 40.2 percent
ham and loin and 4.72 square inches of loin-eye area.
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Manpower, Communication Prob lems
To Bei Reviewed m At Ag Forum S&gsion
URBANA — Manpower sources, use of computers and communication
with the farm market are topics that will be developed in sessions on
special equipment, feed and chemical industries at the 8th Agricul-
tural Industries Forum, Chicago Circle Center, March 22-23.
University of Illinois agricultural economist L. D. Hill
reports that the Tuesday afternoon discussion will center on manpower
sources for the agricultural industries. Where and how graduates are
placed from high schools, junior college and vocational-technical
programs, and from colleges and universities will be explained by
these participants?
L. J. Phipps, U. of I. professor of vocational and technical
education; R. A. Guthrie, chief, Illinois agricultural education; and
W. K. Wessels, assistant dem, U. of I. Ccllege of Agriculture.
A panel of agribusiness representatives will discuss locatinc
selecting and training personnel. Panel members will be B. C. Blair,
dealer development manager, International Harvester, Broadview;
F. w. Luck, supervisor of recruitment, International Minerals and
Chemicals Corporation, Skokie; Earl Spurrier, manager, crops technol-
ogy department, Monsanto, St. Louis; Robert Swan, personnel director,
FS Services, Inc., Bloomington; and Wayne White, personnel director,
DeKalb Agricultural Association, DeKalb.
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The use of computers by agriculturally related businesses
will be featured at the Tuesday evening session. Myron Uretsky,
U. of I. assistant professor of accountancy, will discuss the oppor-
tunities and limitations of computer-use for medium-sized businesses.
Lavon Fife, International Harvester Company, Chicago, will discuss
computer applications to decision-making.
At the Wednesday morning session, a panel of agricultural
editors and advertising and marketing executives will present "What
We Know, What We Think We Know, and What We Do Not Know About Communi-
cating With Our Farm Audiences." Moderators will be Hadley Read,
U. of I. professor and extension editor, and C. H. Sandage, head,
U. of I. department of advertising.
Panel members include Ira Bix, director of research devel-
opment, The Farm Journal, Chicago; Richard Cech, vice president,
Marsteller, Inc., Chicago; Carl Sturhahn, manager of market research,
Moorman Manufacturing, Quincy; and Ralph S. Yohe, editor, Wisconsin
Agriculturalist, Racine.
For additional information about the forum, write to R. P.
Bentz, 305 Mumford Hall, Urbana.
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Forum Livestock Session To Discuss
West As Pacesetter For Corn Belt
URBANA — Is the western livestock industry a forerunner of
Corn Belt changes.
This question forms the basis for a discussion by R. J.
Reierson, Western Livestock Marketing Information Project, Denver,
at a special livestock marketing session during the 8th Agricultural
Industries Forum. The forum is scheduled for Chicago Circle Center,
March 22-23.
The Denver project, of which Reierson has been leader for
four years, is a joint effort of the extension services of western
states and the USDA in the area of livestock outlook and livestock
marketing. Reierson was formerly in livestock marketing extension
work in Wisconsin for seven years and was with the USDA for five years
in Washington, D. C.
Another highlight of the livestock sessions will be a pre-
liminary report by Robert Moats, Federal State Crop Reporting Service,
on a recent survey of types of market outlets used by Illinois
livestock producers. He will also discuss trends in numbers of
livestock producers and production per farm.
Other features of the Tuesday afternoon livestock session
will be a discussion of innovations in livestock marketing and some
observations on the futures markets for livestock and meats. Partici-
pants in the session are Norval Dvorak, general manager, Wisconsin
Feeder Pig Marketing Co-op., Francis Creek, Wisconsin? L. H. Simerl,
U. of I. policy and outlook extension specialist; and M. B. Kirtley,
U. of I. livestock marketing economist and session chairman.
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At the Wednesday morning session, H. G. Halcrow, head,
U. of I. department of agricultural economics, will discuss trends
in Illinois agriculture. Cost factors of livestock production will
be presented by R. A. Hinton, U. of I. farm management economist.
U. of I. livestock marketing economist, E. E. Broadbent, will point out
lessons to be learned from foreign marketing systems.
For additional information about the forum, write to R. P.
Bentz, 305 Mumford Hall, Urbana.
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
SPECIAL AG INDUSTRIES FORUM COVERAGE
URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR RELEASE TUESDAY, P.M.
MARCH 22, 1966
Bright Future Seen For Banks
With Creative Aq Credit Policies
CHICAGO — Today's new breed of farmer is an astute business-
man and a sophisticated borrower. And banking must implement creative
ideas into sound workable programs to hold this type of farmer as a
customer, according to T. P. Axton, president, Lafayette Savings Bank,
Lafayette, Indiana.
There is a profitable future for the agricultural bank that
is operated by a well-informed and imaginative management willing to
prepare and implement new agricultural banking ideas, Axton said.
In examining the challenges and opportunities of agricultural
banking's position today at the 8th Agricultural Industries Forum,
Axton observed that the intelligent, objective banker is becoming famil-
iar with agriculture in his community. He is cultivating business
relationships with the farmers of the future by providing a complete
financial service.
Axton said that successful agricultural banks have seen
through the popular idea that agriculture is a declining industry.
They realize that an industry which has an investment of $240 billion,
produces a gross annual income of $45 billion and is so efficiently
operated that one farmer can produce food and fiber for 30 other people
is an expanding, dynamic industry.
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Axton pointed out that today's farmers are using $40 billion
of borrowed funds, nearly $10 billion of which is supplied by banks.
This total farm debt will grow, doubling by 1975 or sooner.
Farmers who are geared for long-term competition in agri-
cultural production will expect their credit arrangements to be made
on a business-like basis by competent and knowledgeable people who can
make adequate funds available at any time to meet legitimate credit
needs.
Axton said that many banks are meeting this challenge prof-
itably by adopting a positive attitude toward agriculture. And they
are broadening their financial services by adopting their lending
practices to meet heavy demands for modernization capital for both
farms and farm-related businesses.
As the most important development in bankings' efforts to
improve service to farm families, Axton cited the employment of agri-
cultural specialists by banks. And the preparation of regional hand-
books with farm management extension committees and other agencies is
also a helpful service. These books will provide individual bankers
with guidelines and techniques useful in the practical application of
agricultural credit analysis.
But a well-planned agricultural credit program can be effec-
tive only if an adequate supply of funds is available for lending,
Axton noted. Often banks must look to sources outside their communi-
ties for loan funds. The best source of such funds is city corre-
spondent banks.
While agricultural credit by correspondent banking is prob-
ably the "hottest" topic in agricultural banking today, the needs,
opportunities and working arrangements are not fully understood,
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Axton said. Thus correspondent banking is often overlooked as a means
of broadening service to agriculture and producing new outlets for
profitable business.
During the past three years, bankers have made slow, steady
progress toward greater use of correspondent banking as a way to ful-
fill agriculture's credit needs, Axton said. But there is no similar
evidence as to what bankers are doing to absorb a portion of the farm
credit now being extended by dealers, merchants and finance companies.
Such sources are providing $7.1 billion worth of credit, nearly 42
percent of the nonreal-estate credit outstanding to farm families.
Axton states that merchants and dealers are not interested
in extending credit to farmers but ere doing it to achieve their sales
objectives. Therefore, a sincere effort by banks to provide the legit-
imate credit needed in these areas would be a service to farmers and
suppliers and profitable to their own institutions.
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FOR RELEASE TUESDAY, P.M.
MARCH 22, 1966
SPECIAL AG INDUSTRIES FORUM COVERAGE
Banks, Agribusiness Should Help
Universities In Ag Finance Training
CHICAGO — Because of the greater use of credit by U. S.
farmers and the increased demand for college graduates to work in agri-
cultural finance and. credit, universities should examine their curric-
ula to see if they are geared to meet these demands, according to a
University of Illinois professor of farm management and finance.
J. M. Holcomb today told an Agricultural Industries Forum
audience that we need to offer our students more than a single course
in capital and credit needs. Also, we need to make courses in agri-
cultural finance available to the many lenders, educators and farmers
who have not had the opportunity to study the subject.
He noted that providing education on agricultural finance to
borrowers, lenders and the personnel of firms that extend credit should
be a joint undertaking. He suggested that the creation of an advisory
committee of representatives from each group to work with the agricul-
tural college would be a desirable step to take.
In outlining the university's role in agricultural finance,
Holcomb said that as funds and teaching personnel become available,
off-campus courses could be offered to people who cannot come back to
the campus to study. More emphasis could also be placed on credit and
finance at agricultural college short courses.
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Holcomb believes that the college is well qualified to help
banks, agribusinesses and other lenders train new personnel in the
basics of extending credit. This is particularly true in such areas
as credit analysis, business management, credit costs, budgeting and
cash flows.
Seminars, schools and workshops could help workers and policy
makers in agribusiness and lenders keep abreast of the rapidly changinc
agricultural technologies.
Holcomb pointed out that during the past 10 years, nonreal-
estate debt of U. S. farmers increased 140 percent and real-estate
debt increased 129 percent. As farmers use increasing amounts of
credit, they must learn to document their requests better for borrowed
money and credit.
Minimum documentation should include at least three years of
profit-and-loss history, three years of net worth history, operating
budgets and cash flows, Holcomb emphasized. The preparation and analy-
sis of this financial statement should be done by the farmer or some-
one he hires. Also, teaching the farmer to do an effective job should
be the joint responsibility of the agricultural college and the lender.
Lenders are increasingly interested in securing and holding
the business of the farmer who will be in business in 1975, Holcomb
said. But selecting these individuals is a difficult job, and holding
them depends on the service they get.
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
JNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
SPECIAL SWINE DAY COVERAGE
URBANA, ILLINOIS
T
FOR RELEASE TUESDAY P.M.,
MARCH 22, 1966
Lime Controls Pit Odors Under Slotted
Floors In U. Of I. Swine Research
URBANA — University of Illinois experiments with chlorine snd
lime added to swine manure under slotted floors show that both chemi-
icals can effectively combat odors.
"However, the test indicated that chlorine probably is too
expensive for practical use as a deodorizer. Lime was just as effec-
tive and much less expensive," U. of I. agricultural engineer Don Day
told visitors here today during the annual Illinois Swine Day program.
Illinois researchers added chlorine and lime to pits of
liquid manure under totally slotted floors. The pits ranged, from 14
to 24 inches deep at the center, and each pit served a pair of pens
containing 16 finirhing pigs.
"We found that enough chlorine to suppress odors over a 6-
month period would cost an estimated $6.40 per hog," Day explained.
"Enough lime to do the job would cost only about C2 cants per hog if
applied at a recommended rate of .16 pound per 100-pcund hog per day."
In another phase of the study, U. of I. ag engineers pumped
the treated liquid manure from the pits onto a sandbed filter which
separated the bulky solids from the liquid and left manure to dry on
the sand.
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"We pumped manure from the pits at a rate of about 100 gal-
lons per minute and flooded the sandbed to a depth of about 4 inches, "
Day explained. "Sand in the bed was 6 inches deep over a gravel fill
that contained a drainage pipe and a sampling sump.
"The water drained by gravity through the sand and flowed by
underground tile to a lagoon, leaving the solids on the sandbed where
they dried without odor."
Day said that in all experiments to date, the sandbed filter
reduced pollution by about 50 percent, indicating that about half of
the organic matter in the treated manure was held on the sand. This
eased the load on the lagoon.
"For best results in suppressing pit odors, we had to mix
chlorine or lime thoroughly into the waste when they were added to
the pits," Day said. "To get a gocd mix, we used the ICO gallon per
minute pump to circulate the waste Trom cnc side of the pits to the
other as we added ch-jmicals."
The U. of I. researchers also used the pump to agitate pit
contents immediately before they were emptied onto the sandbed during
the pumping operation.
Day said the solids that collected on the sand did not have
an objectionable odor, even after being rewetted by rain. He noted
that rat-tailed maggots, prevalent in untreated pits, were not found
in the treated pits or in the solids on the sandbed.
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FOR RELEASE TUESDAY P.M.
MARCH 22, 1966
SPECIAL ILLINOIS SWINE DAY COVERAGE
Pigs On Pasture Require Less
Protein Than Pigs In Drylot
URBANA — Farmers who feed growing and finishing pigs the same
level of protein on good pasture as they do in drylot are not taking
full advantage of the pasture *s feed value, according to tests com-
pleted recently at the University of Illinois.
Animal scientist Dick Carlisle reported the research here
today during the annual Illinois Swine Day porgram. He said that
pasture saved up to $44 per acre in feed costs when hogs were fed a
14 percent protein ration from weaning to 100 pounds and 10 percent
protein from 100 pounds to market.
"This compares to only $14 worth of feed saved per acre for
hogs fed a 16 percent protein ration to 100 pounds and 12 percent
protein from then to market, " Carlisle explained.
The U. of I. specialist noted that the tests again emphasized
that pasture has little energy value for growing-finishing pigs. How-
ever, by dropping the ration protein level at least 2 percent below
that needed for drylot, farmers can nearly triple the monetary value
of the pasture.
The Illinois studies showed that pigs on pasture gained 1.40
pounds daily on the 16- and 12-percent rations as compared with a 1.38
pound daily gain on the 14- and 10-percent rations.
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"Feed costs per 100 pounds gained were $8.84 for the pasture
pigs on the high-protein ration and $8.36 for those on the 14- and 10-
percent ration, " Carlisle said.
In comparison, drylot pigs on the high-protein (16- and 12-
percent) ration gained 1.47 pounds daily. Drylot pigs getting the 14-
and 10-percent protein gained only 1.16 pounds daily. Drylot feed
costs were $9.97 per 100 pounds gained for pigs on the high-protein
ration and $9.76 for those on the lower protein ration.
"Reducing protein level to 12- and 8.8-percent on pasture
did tend to reduce gains, especially in the younger pigs," Carlisle
said. "However, feed costs remained about the same as when the highest
protein level was fed on pasture."
Carlisle pointed out that dressing percent was not affected
by protein level on pasture. However, drylot pigs on the lower protein
level tended to have higher dressing percent.
"The amount of lean in the carcass decreased as protein levels
dropped, both on pasture and in drylot," Carlisle explained. "The
pasture- fed pigs tended to be leaner than the drylot pigs."
Quality scores showed that color was not affected by treat-
ment and that marbling tended to increase as protein levels dropped.
Drylot pigs showed more marbling than pasture-fed pigs and there were
slight differences in firmness. However, all quality scores were con-
sidered satisfactory.
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FOR RELEASE TUESDAY P.M.
MARCH 22, 1966
SPECIAL ILLINOIS SWINE DAY COVERAGE
Study Wheat As Replacement For Corn;
Oats In Rations For Early-Weaned Pigs
URBANA--Wheat was a satisfactory replacement for either the
corn or rolled oats in a diet made up of 25 percent corn and 30 per-
cent oats in recent University of Illinois studies with pigs weaned
at four weeks of age.
"However, pig performance dropped when wheat was used to
replace both corn and rolled oats to make up 55 percent of the diet, "
reported animal scientist A. H. Jensen today during the annual Illi-
nois Swine Day program. "Pelleting the 55 percent wheat diet did not
improve pig performance."
Jensen said all diets in the test were fed in both meal and
pellet form. Best gains were made by pigs on the wheat-rolled oats
and wheat-corn diets in meal form. Lowest gains were made on the 55
percent wheat ration in pellet form.
Jensen noted that finely ground, wheat in a high-wheat diet
became powdery and pigs ate it less readily than whole wheat.
"Pelleting will eliminate the powdery characteristic of the
high-wheat diet," he explained. "But, the pellets tend to be hard.
Pigs weaned at four weeks of age will not eat them readily during the
first week of the feeding period."
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FOR P.M. RELEASE WEDNESDAY
MARCH 23, 1966
SPECIAL AG INDUSTRIES FORUM COVERAGE
UI Dean Says Demand For Aq Graduates
Challenges Colleges, Industry
CHICAGO — Increasingly complex technology in all areas of
agriculture and related business is demanding 15,000 college of agri-
culture graduates each year. And these annual demands are expected
to increase, according to the Dean of the University of Illinois Col-
lege of Agriculture.
In discussing agricultural industries' need for "educated"
graduates today at the 8th Agricultural Industries Forum, Orville G.
Bentley said that about 10 percent of all agricultural college gradu-
ates go into farming or ranching. About 50 percent enter agricultural
industry. The remainder find their life work in education, research
and government services.
This trend suggests the need for increased liaison with the
agribusiness firms hiring graduates.
"The needs of industry are not static and their changes
demand a continuous dialogue between potential employers, students,
educators, research scientists and those skilled in the art of agri-
culture," Dean Bentley noted.
He suggested that state and national conferences should be
scheduled periodically to provide an exchange of opinions and experi-
ences in recruiting and educational needs.
Education represents an investment of public resources, Dean
Bentley said, but it is an investment that pays handsome dividends to
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Add UI Dean Says Demand For Ag Graduates - 2
both the individual and the nation. Greater productivity resulting
from better education has been responsible for almost 25 percent of
our economic growth since 1910. And one noted economist calculates a
return of about 17 cents a year for each dollar spent for education.
This return on investment compares very favorably with returns on
money invested elsewhere.
Despite the demand for more graduates, the challenge is also
to increase the quality of our graduates, Dean Bentley emphasized.
"The call today is for the creative and imaginative mind that
can develop models for production and then program systems capable of
manipulating production resources to get the desired outputs, " he said.
"This 2 to 10 percent of truly creative people represents a scarce and
highly prized resource."
There is also a continued need for skilled technical people
with education at all three degree levels, he added. Projected man-
power needs indicate that the largest demand between 1960 and 1970 will
be in those occupations requiring the most education and training — the
professional and technical fields.
Dean Bentley said that the retraining of people already in
agricultural business, education and agriculturally-related government
services is an important area that should not be overlooked.
"Changing agricultural technology coupled with the dramatic
changes in America's social, economic and cultural structures, pin-
points the need for updating training of specialists and program
leaders in all areas, " he said.
The job of meeting this need must be a joint effort between
the university and industry.
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"We have been timid in exploring possibilities for more
fruitful working arrrangements — seminars, conferences, think-sessions
for top management and training for middle management," Dean Bentley
said. "The lethargy is evident on both sides. The colleges have been
too slow to articulate the ideas and industry has been slow to recog-
nize the urgency of the need."
He added that many have lacked the confidence to go ahead
for fear of failure.
"If experimentation is needed, then let us experiment and get
on with the job, " Doan Bentley said.
He identified there areas as being those of greatest needs
recruitment aid on a broad sc^le; in-service training programs and
improved starting salaries for top noritions; and a more effective
national image for the food and agricultural industries.
In addition, he said that we must ccnridor an apparent
national commitment to share technical ccmp2t<r nee with emerging nations.
He cited India and Vietnam as prime examples of the relevance of the
broad issues of peace, food for the hungry, industrial and economic
development and birth control.
While the job of helping these nations is initiated by the
government, there is an urgent need for private initiative,
Dean Bentley believes.
"A blend is needed such as has emerged in the U. S. in coop-
eratives, investors and privately-owned businesses led by American
managerial skill." The possibility of such a joint effort in meeting
the world's food needs spells a challenge to the American food process-
ing industry to become more involved, he concluded.
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MARCH 2?., 1966
SPECIAL AG INDUSTRIES FORUM COVERAGE
Credit Manager Says Poultry Industry
Has Tremendous Growth Potential
CHICAGO--With a growing number of consumers demanding better
goods at lower prices, the poultry industry has tremendous potential
for growth if operating efficiencies can be further improved, markets
expanded and sound financing obtained.
This is the opinion expressed today by A. J. Powell, arsist-
ant general credit manager, Central Soya, Fort Wayne, Indiana, at the
8th Agricultural Industries Forum.
Powell told a special egg and poultry marketing session that
an air of pessimism often prevails when financial needs of the poultry
industry are discussed. This is the case despite the fact that in the
past 10 years broiler meat production has increased 250 percent, turkey
production by 170 percent, and eggs by nine percent.
The U. S. poultryman is a capable operator in a sound and
profitable business, Powell emphasized. And adequate financing will
be available to such men.
As one reason for optimism about the industry, Powell cited
the increased, commitments of the U. S. to feed, the hungry people of
the world. He also pointed out that there has already been consider-
able success in increasing poultry production capacities and improving
production efficiencies.
There should now be an all-out effort by marketing men to
make chickens and eggs more widely accepted.
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"With enough aggressiveness and ingenuity, the industry can
be made extremely exciting to investors of equity capital and lenders
of money, " he said.
Equity capital should be the number one source of money to
meet the needs of the poultry industry, particularly for growth capital,
Powell stated. Although this source has been neglected, some financial
experts feel that at least 75 percent of business needs should come
from invested capital and only 25 percent from borrowed capital.
"Some poultrymen claim bankers are afraid of feathers,"
Powell said. "There is some evidence of this, but there is also
evidence of increased aggressiveness on the part of banks for finan-
cing poultry projects."
Powell pointed out that poultrymen also have other sources
of financing. These sources include PCAs, receivable and inventory
financing companies, leasing '~~mpnn-i.es, suppliers, SEA, FHA and SBIC.
To best develop and use these various sources of financing,
the poultryman must possess honest optimism about the future of the
industry based on facts, Powell said. He should give complete finan-
cial and operating data and pertinent information on the problems and
needs of his business to a prospective source of financing. Cash flow
projections and operating budgets should be used to determine the right
program. And good accounting and cost records are a necessity.
Powell added that the poultryman should believe in his own
business, but that this business must continually be improved with
innovations in products or product usage and new marketing approaches.
"The egg industry has been too much on the defensive,"
Powell emphasized. "The time, effort and money spent defending the
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use of eggs might better be used for launching new uses for eggs and
developing new and more effective merchandising approaches."
He said egg men need to believe chat it is possible to
develop and merchandise new egg foods that have both nutritional and
taste appeal and will also satisfy the housewife's desire for conven-
ience. Then they need to sell financial men and investors on the
industry and the individual poultryman.
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3/18/66
NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
SPECIAL ILLINOIS SWINE DAY COVERAGE
Amino Acids Best For Estimating
Feed Values Of Farm Grains
URBANA — University of Illinois research reported here this
week shows that amino acid content is a much more reliable basis than
protein level for estimating relative feeding values of farm grains.
"Wheat and milo substituted for corn on a pound- for-pound.
basis appear to have essentially the same feeding value as corn, "
animal scientist B. G. Harmon told visitors to the annual Illinois
Swine Day program.
"However, if cereal grains are substituted for corn to
provide only the minimum dietary protein requirements of pigs, the diet
will be low in lysine."
Harmon cited a study in which U. of I. researchers substi-
tuted wheat for the corn in a ration containing 79.8 percent corn and
18 percent soybean meal.
The substitution boosted crude protein levels from 16 percent
to 19.2 percent and lysine levels from .70 percent for the corn-soybean
meal diet up to .83 percent for the wheat-soybean meal diet.
However, when researchers used wheat to replace the corn and
about half of the soybean meal, lysine content dropped to .57 percent,
even though the ration still contained 16 percent protein — -the recom-
mended level for the 40- to 100-pound pigs in the study.
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"Average daily gains were only 1.02 pounds on the low- lysine
diet as compared to gains of 1.47 and 1.44 pounds respectively on the
.70 and .83 percent lysine diets," Harmon explained. "All diets con-
tained the recommended 16 percent protein."
In a second trial, wne-c supplemented with vitamins, minerals
and antibiotics was nutritionally inadequate for finishing swine, even
though the ration provided a 1 2 percent protein di^t
"Supplementing this all-wheat diet with .15 percent lysine
boosted gains up to those obtained with pigs on a 15 percent wheat-
soybean meal ration," Harmon said. "Gains jumped from 1.53 pounds daily
for the low- lysine diet up to 1.70 pounds daily. However, feed effi-
ciencies were somewhat less favorable with the all-wheat diet."
Harmon said that adding .20 percent lysine to a corn-wheat
mixture containing only 10. b r„cent protein ra.ujuceu gains and feed
efficiency comparable to those on the wheat plus lysine diet.
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SPECIAL ILLINOIS SWINE DAY COVERAGE
gO- To 60-Pound Pigs In Confinement
Need 3 Square Feet Of Floor Space
URBANA — »Pigs in confinement need at least three square feet
of floor space per pig for best growth front 20 to 60 pounds, according
to management studies just completed at the University of Illinois.
Animal scientist A. H. Jensen reported the work here this
week at the annual Illinois Swine Day. He said the study was a follow-
up of research last year which showed that four square feet of floor
space was adequate for pigs weighing from 40 to 100 pounds.
"In this year's tests, four-week-old pigs that were allowed
2 1/4 square feet of floor space per pig gained only .91 pound daily, "
Jensen explained. "Pigs having 3 and 3 3/4 square feet gained 1 pound
and 1.01 pounds per day."
Jensen said the study was made in two parts. In the first
test, pigs were penned in groups of 3, 5 and 7 pigs per pen. They were
divided between 2 1/4 and slightly more than 3 square feet per pig.
"Average daily gain, daily feed consumption and feed required
per pound of gain were almost identical under both space-per-pig
arrangements, " Jensen said. "However, the lowest rate of gain and daily
feed consumption occurred in the 7-pig groups having only 2 1/4 square
feet of floor space."
In bhe second part of the study, researchers compr~cd pigs
in groups of 4, 6 and 8 per pen and allowed either 2 1/4, 3 or 3 3/4
square feet per pig.
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As in the first test, feed intake appeared to decrease as
numbers per pen increased for pigs allowed 2 1/4 square feet of space.
This trend was not evident with the higher space allowances.
Jensen also reported a group size study comparing performance
of four-week-old pigs in groups of 8, 16 and 24 pigs per pen. All
pigs were allowed 3 1/4 square feet of floor space.
"The 8-pig group gained more rapidly then the 16- and 24-pig
groups," Jensen said. "Daily feed intake was lowest in the 24-pig
group. "
The 8-pig group gained .89 pound daily as compared with dai">y
gains of .83 pound for the 16-pig group and .82 pound for the 24-pig
group.
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SPECIAL ILLINOIS SWINE DAY COVERAGE
Rye Replaces 15 Percent Of Corn
In Hog Ration Without Hurting Gains
URBANA — Substituting rye for 15 percent of the corn in a
corn-soybean meal ration did not significantly affect rates of gain,
feed intake or feed required per pound of gain in recent University
of Illinois tests. Gains and feed efficiency dropped when rye was
added at the 30-percent level.
U. of I. animal scientist B. G. Harmon reported the research
here this week during the annual Illinois Svine Day program. He said
that rye used in the study was ground before the diet was mixed and
that all of the rations were fed in meal form.
"Average daily gains were 1.39 pounds for growing pigs on
the control ration," Harmon said. "This compared with gains of 1.36
pounds for pigs on the 15-percent rye diet and only 1.28 pounds daily
on the 30-percent rye diet."
For finishing pigs, daily gains were 1.62, 1.62 and 1.49
pounds respectively on the 0-, 15- and 30-percent rye diets.
Feed required per pound of gain was 4.15 pounds for the
finishing pigs on the 30 percent rye ration and 3.91 pounds and 3.85
pounds respectively for those on the 0- and 15-percent rye rations.
Harmon said that complete replacement of corn with rye
markedly depressed rate of gain and feed efficiency.
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SPECIAL AG INDUSTRIES FORUM COVERAGE
Farm Cream Separator Is Relic
Of Past, Forum Audience Told
CHICAGO — The farm cream separator has joined the long list
of obsolete and antique farm implements, a leading dairy industry
leader told a University of Illinois Forum audience Tuesday (March 22) .
George Pfeifer, manager of American Dairy Foods, St. Paul,
pointed out that only three percent of all milk sold from farms last
year was in the form of farm-separated cream. In 1940 farmers sold
about 41 percent of their milk production in this way.
This change in milk marketing practice has boosted farm milk
marketings about 24 percent during the past 15 years while total milk
production on farms has risen only 9 percent. Actually, farmers used
12.4 billion fewer pounds of milk on farms during 1965 than in 1950,
a drop of 68 percent.
Pfeifer believes that the reduced farm milk use came about
as the number of farmers declined and farmers sold small milking herds.
But in the future farmers cannot boost marketings faster than produc-
tion as they have in the past.
Farmers produced less milk in January this year than a year
ago, Pfeifer reported. If this downward plunge in milk production and
cow numbers continues, dairy product supplies could become short. In-
efficient plants producing butter, powdered milk and other manufactured
products could be forced, out of business. Dairy processing and sales
organizations will merge and continue the trend to larger business
volumes, he noted.
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The future market for dairy products through government
purchase is more uncertain. Expanded foreign aid and relief feeding
abroad will not necessarily mean a market for large volumes of dairy
products if the supply for domestic use is threatened, he concluded.
Pfeifer addressed the dairy marketing session of the 8th
University of Illinois Agricultural Industries Forum, meeting Tuesday
and Wednesday at the Chicago Circle Center.
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SPECIAL AG INDUSTRIES FORUM COVERAGE
Increased Sales Of Milk Powder
And Canned Concentrate Pred. cted
CHICAGO — A University of Illinois dairy marketing economist
predicted Tuesday (March 22) that within a few years American consumers
might buy as much as 2.5 billion quarts of a high-quality, low- fat milk
powder at about 15 cents per quart.
R. W. Bartlett reported that commercial sales of milk powder
containing butterfat have been prevented up to this time because fa4:
oxidation caused a rancid product. Now dairy processors have been
able to produce a satisfactory low- fat product. And with further
research, a product with higher butterfat content may be possible.
With a lower price for the powder than for fluid milk,
Bartlett believes that consumers will readily accept a high-quality
product like this.
A three-to-one milk concentrate also offers consumers another
way to save money on family milk purchases, Bartlett reported. A
fluid milk product with two-thirds of the water removed has been made
in Wisconsin and used in tests in 4, 500 homes across the country.
This nationwide test of consumer reactions suggests that a
beverage quality canned milk would gain wide acceptance. If consumers
bought only one-half of what they said they would in these home tests,
the market could reach 2 1/2 billion quarts a year, equal to about 10
percent of present milk consumption.
Costs of concentrated milk when purchased in gallon lots
would probably average about 16 1/2 to 17 cents per quart, Bartlett
estimates.
Bartlett spoke to the dairy marketing session of the 8th
University of Illinois Agricultural Industries Forum, meeting Tuesday
and Wednesday at Chicago Circle Center.
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SPECIAL AG INDUSTRIES FORUM COVERAGE
Modern Farmers Gear Production
To Meet Consumer Demands
CHICAGO — The modern farmer gears his production to meet the
demands of consumers as they are specified to those who serve super-
market buyers, according to a San Francisco banker.
John A. Hopkin, agribusiness vice president of the Bank of
America, reported to a University of Illinois Forum audience Tuesday
(March 22) that the time is past when the farmer with off-grade produce
that is not accepted by the "best" stores will sell in some other chan-
nel at a lower price. An increasing number of products will have no
market at any price if they do not meet the narrow specifications for
supermarket channels.
Hopkin told, a special agribusiness financing session of the
forum that another important characteristic of today's farmer is seen
in the arrangements he makes for merchandising products. In the
traditional agriculture of the past, marketing was considered an ap-
pendage to production. But today an agriculture is emerging in which
production is an appendage of marketing.
This difference is profound, Hopkin believes, because in the
first case production decisions are made independently of marketing
problems that begin after harvest. In the second case the farmer
studies the market carefully, making his production decisions in view
of marketing opportunities.
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Hopkin pointed out that these are just some of the important
characteristics of farmers who can and will make the transition from
traditional to modern commercial agriculture. These farmers form a
dynamic industry that serves an increasing number of economically po-
tent and discriminating consumers.
Another characteristic of the space-age farmer that should
be recognized by those who would serve him is his use of the latest
scientific developments. If he did not exploit the newest practices
in genetics, chemistry, engineering and communication, his farm would
remain unproductive despite the quality of its soil.
The modern farm must also quickly increase in size so that
it can achieve efficient operation, Hopkin said. This is particularly
important when you consider the cost of some of today's equipment.
For example, it takes 125 to 150 acres of tomatoes to justify paying
$25,000 for a tomato picker.
Hopkin said that the modern farm must also be conducted as
is any successful business with a manager skilled in buying and selling
and in financial management. Both average total investment per farm
and cash operating expenses per farm have increased 700 to 800 percent
since 1940, with an increasing portion of it coming in the form of
borrowed capital.
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SPECIAL AG INDUSTRIES FORUM COVERAGE
Computers, Man's Most Valuable Tool,
To See Increased Use By 1970
CHICAGO — Computers may be the bane of man's existence, but
they are also his most valuable tool, a University of Illinois account-
ancy professor told an Agricultural Industries Forum audience here
Tuesday (March 22) .
Myron Uretsky said that even though no substantial commercial
use of computers took place until the early 1950' s, today the machine
influences most of our actions. And even more surprising growth is in
store.
Uretsky reported that some estimates indicate that 45,000
computers with a market value of $12.5 billion will be in use in the
U. S. by 1970. These figures compare with a current estimated 27,000
computers valued at $7.5 billion.
Uretsky believes that we can view this trend in two ways.
We can follow Thoreau's thinking and "beware of all enterprises that
require new clothes." Or we can approach the situation as does the
psycho log.! st Havelock Ellis who asserts that we should make machines
what they ought to be — "the slaves, not the masters of mankind."
In following this second approach, we are trying to make the
machines adapt to us rather than adapting ourselves to the machines.
Some progress has been made in communicating with the machines in
writing and the spoken word. Uretsky describes this last area of
development as that of "artificial intelligence" and says that it has
some of the most valuable potential benefits.
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But, he emphasized, we still have a long way to go before a
computer will be able to read ordinary handwriting or understand
spoken language.
In exploring the use of computers in the medium-sized busi-
ness, Uretsky pointed out that the time has passed when only the
largest, wealthiest businesses have access to computers. Today medium-
sized firms have computer capacity with their own equipment or through
a service bureau. These businesses are using computers to dry up the
ocean of paper work — making it possible to get more information faster
than ever before.
But this ability to produce data is both a godsend and a
curse, Uretsky noted. Unless we protect ourselves from producing large
amounts of data just because we can, we risk the possibility of being
so swamped with data that we will be unable to detect critical events
when they occur.
As long as our decisions are strictly quantitative and the
steps involved, are routine, there is no reason why they cannot be dele-
gated to the computer. Included in this area are programs dealing v/ith
assembly-line balancing, inventory maintenance, feed-mix determination
and simulation.
Uretsky emphasized that the computer's ability to do routine
jobs will not take jobs away from men, a possibility that has not been
borne out by events. Rather we have been freed to concentrate on
qualitative decision that has resulted in increased employment of more
highly skilled workers.
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SPECIAL AG INDUSTRIES FORUM COVERAGE
Corn Farmers Face Decisions
About Feed Grain Program
URBANA — Midwest corn farmers face two major decisions,
according to University of Illinois grain marketing economist L. F.
Stice. First, before April 1 they must decide whether to sign up with
the government's feed grain program. Second, many still have sizable
amounts of 1965 corn to sell. While these are separate decisions, the
market considerations affecting each are related.
In mid-March corn prices to farmers were within a few cents
of their seasons high, and surprisingly strong, in view of recent large
sales by Commodity Credit Corporation, Stice says.
The obvious factors supporting the current corn market are:
(1) a high rate of corn disappearance between October 1 and December 3j
(2) the continuation of a strong export demand, (3) farmers' holding
of corn and (4) the lack of transportation facilities to readily move
corn from the country to terminal markets and ports. Of these forces,
the shortage of transportation and strong export demand seem to be
providing the most support to current prices.
"Corn exports from October 1 thru March 4 amounted to 296
million bushels," Stice explains. "Buying is still active and the
total for the 1965-66 season is expected to reach 675 million bushels.
However, Argentina will soon be harvesting a record crop and offering
corn to world markets."
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Stice notes that corn receipts at terminal markets this
winter have been steady but not large, and stocks at terminal markets
this March 15 were 105 million bushels as compared with 111 million a
year ago.
An uncertainty in the corn market both short-run and long-
run is the apparent high rate of disappearance in the October-December
period. Based on the USDA estimates of a 1965 U. S. crop of 4, 171
million bushels and the January 1 stocks of 4,099 million bushels, the
first quarter disappearance was 1,242 million bushels — 7 1/2 percent
higher than a year earlier and the largest on record.
Stice says this high rate may reflect high actual use due in
part to the poor quality of corn in the northern Corn Belt, an over-
estimate of the 1965 crop, or both. A more accurate estimate of the
1965-66 disappearance rate will be available at the end of April when
second quarter rates can be calculated. Whether or not the 1965-66
disappearance is 100 to 200 million bushels over the February USDA
estimate of 4, 132 million bushels is not a key factor in the short-run
corn price outlook because of the large sales by the Commodity Credit
Corporation.
From October 1, 1965, thru March 4, 1966, CCC sold 315 million
bushels of corn and their total for the 1965-66 marketing season will
likely be 375 to 400 million bushels. At the same time farmers put
197 million bushels of 1965 crop corn under loan. Therefore, as of
now, "free market" supplies for the 1965-66 season are roughly 200
million bushels over official estimates of disappearance, without using
the 197 million bushels of 1965 corn under loan. But market prices
below current levels would get much of this corn redeemed.
For these reasons, the present corn market is being supported
by the logistics of supply, Stice explains. Marketable supplies of
corn are in excess of needs at current prices, but commercial stocks
for immediate use and export are moderately tight.
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UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
State FFA Judging Contest
Saturday, April 2
URBANA- -Nearly 250 high school boys from about 50 chapters
of the Illinois Future Farmers of America will compete in the State
FFA Judging Contest at the University of Illinois on Saturday, April 2.
Meat and milk products will be judged at this contest, which
is being held in the spring for the first time.
The meat contest will be held in the Stock Pavilion at the
south end of the University of Illinois campus. John Baker, Bridgeport
vice president of the Illinois Association of Vocational Agriculture
Teachers (IAVAT) , is superintendent of this division.
Baker reports that contestants will judge one ring each of
beef, pork and lamb carcasses, plus one ring each of wholesale beef and
pork cuts. They will also grade one ring each of 10 beef and 10 lamb
carcasses and identify one ring of 25 retail cuts of meat.
The milk products contest will be held in the Dairy Manufac-
turing Building just east of the Stock Pavilion. Melvin J. Nicol,
Maroa, president of the IAVAT and superintendent of this division,
reports that contestants will criticize and score the flavor and odor
of seven samples of milk and score seven sediment discs. They will
also criticize and score seven milker unit heads.
Boys may compete as individuals or as members of three-man
teams. The winning teams in the State FFA Judging Contest will be
eligible to compete in the National FFA Judging Contests next fall.
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
UI Cattle Feeders Day
Is April 14 In Urbana
URBANA- -Reports on all-concentrate rations for beef cattle;
experiences with high-urea Illinois Ruminant Supplement 50; fortifying
corn silage with non-protein-nitrogen; controlling beef cattle insects;
and the present status of Vitamin A highlight the annual Illinois
Cattle Feeders Day set for April 14 in Urbana.
The program also features the finals of Illinois' second
statewide Beef Carcass of Tomorrow Contest. The winning carcasses wi^l
be on exhibit.
Here's a brief run-down on research reports scheduled for
the Cattle Feeders Day program:
All-Concentrate Rations...
U. of I. animal scientists fed all-concentrate diets to 30
steers in drylot last summer and they found that such rations will give
good gains and feed efficiency in finishing animals.
"Perhaps the most striking data from the study are the rates
of gain for summer feeding and the feed efficiencies fcr steers this
age," explains animal scientist Waco Albert. "Gains averaged 3.12
pounds daily for all steers in the study."
Albert says there was no evidence of liver damage in any of
the steers. He will give a full report of the study during Cattle
Feeders Day.
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$8 More Profit Per Steer...
Flies, lice and mites cost Illinois beef producers several
million dollars annually by retarding beef cattle weight gains.
U. of I. entomologist Steve Moore says there is no reason for insects
to cause weight losses in the well-managed herd.
On Cattle Feeders Day, Moore will discuss the identification,
life histories, habits and current controls for beef cattle insert
pests. And he will outline an insect control program that he believes
can mean an extra $8.00 profit per steer for Illinois cattle feeders.
All-In-One Silages...
Recent U. of I. corn silage studies indicate that urea is a
useful source of supplementary protein for corn silage whether you add
it at ensiling or at feeding, according to researcher E. E. Hatfield.
However, there appeared to be some beneficial effect from
adding concentrates at ensiling rather than at feeding. Gains on
rations containing concentrates added at ensiling, and urea added at
feeding, were significantly higher than gains on rations in which con-
centrates and urea both were added at feeding.
Hatfield also will emphasize the important role cattle feed-
ers have given corn silage in today's cattle feeding programs. Al-
though the total acreage planted to corn has dropped afcout 25 percent
during the past 20 years, corn acreage harvested for silage has jumped
300 percent.
Gain Efficiency: Low For Long-Fed Steers...
How much money do you lose by feeding steers beyond the low-
choice grade? More money than producers might expect, notes beef re-
searcher J. E. Zimmerman.
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He will report a study which rhowed that yearling steers
reached their maximum rate of gain between 28 and 56 days on feed.
The trend was for rates of gain to drop during each succeeding 28-day
period until slaughter.
Zimmerman points out that feed costs per 100 pounds gained
were $3.00 to $4.00 higher for long-fed steers than for comparable
steers fed to low-choice.
Consider Using Urea...
Because protein meals probably will continue to cost more
than urea supplements, it behooves commercial feeders to carefully
consider using urea in their feeding programs, explains Illinois re-
searcher U. S. Garrigus. He says results of University research can
play a vital role in decisions farmers make about urea.
On Cattle Feeders Day, Garrigus will discuss in detail
U. of I. feeding experiences with high-urea Illinois Ruminant Supple-
ment 50. He'll report comparisons of soybean meal and high-urea sup-
plements in growing-finishing rations; the effects of protein source
(soybean or urea) and stilbestrol implants on cattle performance? and
the effects of protein source and antibiotic level on performance of
steers fed "all-concentrate" rations.
Cattle Feeders Day activities begin at 8s00 a.m. with an
open house at the U. of I. Beef Research Unit. The formal program
begins at 9:45 in the University Auditorium, with a welcome by Orville
Bentley, dean of the College of Agriculture. The student Block and
Bridle Club will serve a luncheon at noon.
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Match Planting And Harvesting
Equipment For Narrow Corn Rows
URBANA — Planting width for narrow-row corn should be exactly
matched to corn-head harvesting equipment if farmers want to save them-
selves a lot of headaches this fall, particularly if they have to
harvest downed corn.
"The problem comes in trying to harvest mismatched rows,"
explains Illinois ag engineer Wendell Bowers.
"If you plant 28-inch rows with a four-row planter and try
to harvest with a four-row corn head spaced for 30-inch rows, you're
going to leave some corn in the field.
"The guide row will be right in line with the picker head.
However, the next two rows will be off two inches, and the fourth row
will be four inches off the mark."
Bowers says the old rule of thumb with corn pickers was not
to offset any single row of the picker more than one inch from the row
being harvested. A two-row, 40-inch corn picker could be used to
harvest 28-, 40- or 42-inch rows.
"But corn heads present a different problem, " he explains.
"They have snapper bars or plates that have 1 to 1 1/2 inches of clear
ance. If the stalks do not come directly into the center of the
snapper plates, there is a chance that the stalk will be pushed down
before the ear can be removed."
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Break-Even Point For Narrow-Row Crops
URBANA — University of Illinois agricultural economists say
the break-even yield increase for narrow rows would be 2.6 bushels of
soybeans at $2.50 per bushel for an owner-operator producing 100 acres
each of corn and soybeans and in the process of replacing equipment.
Any yield increase from narrow-row corn would represent a bonus.
This increase comes within the projection that narrow-row
soybeans will yield 10 to 15 percent more than standard-spaced soy-
beans.
In a recent analysis of costs for narrow-row crop production,
the U. of I. economists found that added costs for 30-inch rows were
$2.71 per row-crop acre on a farm with 200 acres planted to corn and
$1.66 per acre for 400 acres of corn.
On a farm with 200 acres planted equally to corn and soy-
beans, average added costs for narrow rows would be $3.26 per row-crop
acre. For a farm with 400 acres planted equally to corn and soybeans,
the average added cost would be $2.20 per row-crop acre.
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Economists Advise Crop-Share Tenant
To Be Cautious In Adopting Narrow Rows
URBANA — University of Illinois agricultural economists
caution the farmer with a 50-50 crop-share lease to remember that he
must bear most of the costs of changing to narrow-row production while
sharing only half the yield increase.
In this situation the projected break-even soybean yield
increase for the tenant who has 200 acres planted equally to corn and.
soybeans, and is in the process of replacing equipment, would be 4.5
bushels per acre. This yield is very close to the upper limits sug-
gested by agronomists.
Economists believe that the crop-share tenant would ne<"': to
project yield increases for both soybeans and corn if he were to base
his decision to adopt narrow rows on input-output budgets alone.
Agronomists point out that farmers should not expect corn
yield increases from the effect of narrow-rov; spacing alone unti 1 they
are approaching optimum yields from the use of fertilizer, adapted
varieties and other production practices.
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UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
UI Tests Cooling And Low-Temperature
Drying For Wet Corn Storage
Note to Illinois Editorsz See the April AGRI-PIX for photos to accom-
pany this story.
URBANA--A new high-moisture corn storage facility that may
restore to farmers the corn marketing flexibility corn combines 1 ook
away has been tested successfully on the University of Illinois Agri-
cultural Engineering Research Farm.
This new corn storage and conditioning unit is ca_led a
Frigidome. The igloo-shaped aluminum structure cools corn to 40 F.
immediately after harvest for safe storage. Then it begins drying the
corn through a process U. of I. ag engineers have termed dehydrofrigi-
dation — or low-temperature drying.
In tests beginning last November, U. of I. researchers
loaded 900,000 pounds of shelled corn averaging 23 percent moisture
into one of the experimental domes.
"We removed the corn after three months of storage and con-
ditioning, " ag engineer G. C. Shove explains. "Quality of the lower
layers of dried grain was good to excellent."
The U. of I. researchers noted some deterioration in the
upper wet layers of corn. However, they believe it was due mainly to
a lack of sufficient conditioning equipment. During storage the
equipment removed 65,000 pounds of water, dropping the average mois-
ture of corn in the bin by five percent.
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Shove believes the U. of I. study proves that chilling or
freezing is a practical method for holding high-moisture corn. He
estimates that a 25, OOO-bushel-capacity dome would hold 24-percent-
moisture corn at 40° F. for 40 days at a cost of less than one cent
per bushel.
Researchers say more experience is needed in drying grain
at low temperatures before precise drying methods and cost figures can
be worked out. However, they believe the process can compete economi-
cally with present-day drying methods. The system will probably
require 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 kilowatt-hours per bushel to dry corn from 24
percent to 15 1/2 percent moisture.
The U. of I. specialists say the equipment used to cool corn
in the dome can also be used to freeze the grain if farmers want long-
term storage. The Frigidome Corporation of Peoria plans to have simi-
lar domes on the market in time for the 1966 corn crop.
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Aq Chemical Executive Says
Ban?<s Should Finance Farmers
CHICAGO — The USDA predicts that by 197 5 U. S. farmers will
be spending more than $3 billion a year on fertilizers, 63.7 percent
more than in 1964, and an estimated $8 billion for pesticides, 56.4
percent more than was spent in 1964, according to an American Oil
Company executive.
A. M. Johnston recently told an Agricultural Industries
Forum audience here that although these figures indicate the ag-
chemical business is one of the most rapidly growing areas of our
economy, this growth carries a triple challenge.
There is the challenge to producers to develop increasingly
sophisticated products to meet farm demand; the challenge to ag-
chemical distributors to sell farmers on their products in order to
realize maximum profits from this demand? and the challenge to the
financial community to find ways to provide credit for expanded pur-
chases of ag-chemicals.
Johnston pointed out that most producers and distributors
have met the first two challenges. And he said that the industry was
also willing to meet the third challenge although it is an area en-
tered by force rather than choice. This situation is true because
banks, PCAs and other traditional lending agencies are not filling the
credit needs of farmers to the extent they should.
The area of short-term loans is one in which the industry
can work intelligently, Johnston said. And his company would be asking
for "competitive catastrophe" if it did not make short-term help avail-
able to customers.
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But interim-term financing, often called "harvest terms," is
the category into which most ag-chemical financing falls, and the
industry doesn't know enough about this kind of financing to extend
credit as intelligently as it should.
Johnston stated that agribusinesses would like to see banks,
PCAs and other lending institutions assume the credit load they now
carry. But it is not enough for these institutions to say they are
willing to do so, he added. They must show a genuine readiness to
underwrite the use of ag-chemicals and to offer loan arrangements that
will save the farmer money.
Johnston believes that bankers must be willing to finance
the optimum amounts of ag-chemicals farmers need. All too often tra-
ditional lending institutions "build half a bridge" in loans for agri-
business, he said.
The cha] Icngc to Americ9n agri culture is to feed our own
rapidly growing population and to help feed an increasingly hungry
world, Johnston concluded. If farmers are to meet this challenge,
they must invest more heavily in ag chemicals and have ready access
to the capital and credit needed to do so.
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Face Fly Decline
Face fly numbers have dropped dramatically in Illinois during
the past two years. This disappearing act is not in itself a problem.
But University of Illinois entomologists are eager to determine what
caused it. The cause may be a key to future control of this livestock
pest.
The face fly first established itself in Illinois in 1959.
Numbers quickly soared. By 1962-63 these flies were a definite eco-
nomic problem. Then in 1964-65 numbers dropped drastically. The cause
is still a mystery. Dairy farmers had treated cows with an effective
poison bait. But entomologists say that normally this treatment does
not appreciably affect general field populations.
Studies last summer ruled out the possibility that parasites
were attacking face fly pupae. Entomologists now are questioning
whether Illinois weather was unusually favorable for face flies from
1960 through 1963 and much less favorable during the past two years.
If so, in most years the face fly may not be economically
important. But it's too early to make reliable judgments, entomolo-
gists explain. They plan to keep a close watch on the situation during
the coming year.
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Plant For Higher Corn Yields
University of Illinois agronomist George McKibben says
yields from high-population corn will be no lower than those from low-
population corn in dry years. He advises corn growers to be optimis-
tic about moisture and to plant at the higher rates.
In population tests during 1964 — a very dry season — at the
Dixon Springs Agricultural Center, McKibben found that high, low and
medium planting rates produced the same yields. Low populations pro-
duced heavier ears, but no more total grain than higher populations.
Yields were 71 bushels per acre from 11,000 plants, 70 bushols from
15,000 plants and 73 bushels from IS, 000 plants.
Moisture was more favorable for the 1965 population tests
at Dixon Springs. Yields were 125, 137 and 147 bushels for respective
populations of 12,000, 16,000 and 20,000 plants per acre.
"Don't expect corn that is not growing in the field to pro-
duce a yield," McKibben advises. "The pessimist, expecting limited
moisture, fails to realize a full yield, potential and gains nothing,
even in dry years, by planting at lower rates."
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Haste Makes Waste
In Stored Corn
URBANA — Illinois corn producers who hurried when storing
their corn Inst fall should check their bins closely now, warns Uni-
versity of Illinois plant pathologist Mai Shurtleff. The combination
of down corn and hi-jh^.r-than-average moisture corn could mean an out-
break of storage rots in corn this spring as air temperatures beccr.a
high enough to permit fungi to grow, says Shurtleff.
Storage rots may develop on either shelled corn in a b^n or
cribbed ear corn if the moisture content of tho kernels is excessive.
Storage rots reduce the feeding value of grain and lower the market
grade if the corn is sold. Sometimes certain rot-prcducing fungi will
form toxins and hormones that may seriously affect livestock.
The first exterrel symptom is the development of mold on and
between the kernels. However, damage may occur within the kernel
before growth or symptoms are visible from the outside. Meld colors
vary greatly. Molds may be blue, bluish-green, green, tan, white,
black or pinkish-red. When storage molds develop, the kernels often
cake together to form a crust, usually at the center and top of a bin.
Infested bins have a musty odor.
Twenty-five or more different fungi cause storage rots. No
one storage mold attacks corn over a wide rnnge of moistures and tem-
peratures, but each fungus specie acts like a bucket brigade. All
storage-rotting molds give off heat and moisture which, in turn, are
utilized by their successors to speed up rotting of the stored grain,
Shurtleff points out.
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Shelled corn in tight bins should store safely at 12 to 13
percent moisture or less. Ear corn testing 16 to 18 percent moisture
or less should be safe from storage rots. When testing for moisture
percentage, the highest moisture content, rather than the "average"
determines storability, says Shurtleff. Bin-stored corn should be
probed often for hot spots, which indicate that active spoilage is
taking place.
When hot spots or a crust of moldy grain are found, Shurt-
leff advises taking the following corrective measures:
1. The rotted and moldy corn should be removed, dried and
either sold or fed. Moldy corn should be fed with caution to all
classes of livestock. If mixed with sound corn, it can be fed with
less risk to cattle and hogs being finished for market. Moldy corn is
considered unsafe for all breeding animals.
2. The moisture content of the remaining corn should be
checked.
3. The remaining corn should be turner"! and thoroughly mixed
to redistribute moisture and allow heat to escape.
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
U. S. Must Compete To Sell
Surpluses In World Markets
CHICAGO--If the U. S. is to continue disposing of surpluses
on world markets, she must be willing to trade with other nations at
competitive prices, according to a University of Illinois livestock
marketing economist.
E. E. Broadbent reported recently at an Agricultural Indus-
tries Forum session that this solution is the only really feasible one
that will permit the desired economic growth of our country. And this
alternative is preferable to continuing to give away our surplus pro-
duction, attempting to absorb our surpluses at home, or hoping that we
can lower production costs and compete with lower priced products.
"Some people have suggested that the U. S. foreign beef
marketing program has been developed in response to pressure from mi-
nority groups, " Broadbent said. "Others have suggested that the for-
eign beef promotional publicity has been produced by promoters who know
there is no practical way at present for a volume of U. S. choice beef
to compete on Europe's lean meat market."
In analyzing the situation, Broadbent said that three years
ago U. S. beef producers could not supply hamburger and manufactured-
type beef to U. S. consumers as cheaply as foreign suppliers could pro-
vide it. And they could not sell surplus finished, beef on U. S. mar-
kets and still maintain "choice" beef prices as high as some producers
wished.
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In recent years western Europe and Japan have raised their
income levels. More consumers want more lean meat and are willing to
pay for it. But the basic world meat demand is still for lean beef
that can be produced on farms almost anywhere in the world and bought
from favored nations more cheaply than from the U. S.
Costs for transporting American meats to European markets
are high. The European Common Market countries that could absorb our
surpluses have set a tariff on meat that raises the foreign meat im-
port price to the EEC domestic price. We can compete on these markets
with our variety meats, hides and tallow, but they do not want our
meats, Broadbent said.
He pointed out that many nations want the U. S. to open her
meat market to world trade. These countries think we are inconsistent
to restrict our meat imports and still attempt to compete on a free
world market basis.
The U. S. wants to expand her export feed market, Broadbent
said. But we must decide whether it will be worth more to feed the
surplus feeds and accept lower meat prices in the U. S. or to export
the surplus feeds.
Hard currency countries will obviously take our products at
bargain prices, Broadbent noted. They have funds to pay for our goods,
but alternative meat suppliers provide a greater tonnage of the kind of
meat they want for lower prices than we will accept.
He cited Denmark as a country that uses U. S. surplus feeds
to prodv -e meat. Since Danish producers are subject to volume and
price controls, market planners can set the pvice on any export market.
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And the chairman of the marketing board maintains that Danish products
will not be underpriced on any free market.
Broadbent believes that, if we want our surplus meat to
compete on foreign markets, we will have to be competitive and accept
lower prices. Although this action may hurt a few people, the results
may benefit society generally, he said.
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FOR RELEASE THURSDAY P.M.,
APRIL 14, 1966
Test Hormones To Improve Bull Beef
URBANA—Stilbestrol implants boosted bull gains in a recent
University of Illinois test aimed to determine whether hormone-treated
bulls could produce the same high-quality beef as steers. However,
the implants did not improve bull carcass beef to a level readily
acceptable by today's meat industry standards.
U. of I. animal scientist George Cmarik reported the work
in a paper handed out here today during the Illinois Cattle Feeders
Day program.
Cmarik said that Illinois scientists wanted to know whether
they could utilize the bull's potential for fast and efficient gains--
and at the same time use hormones to make bull beef more acceptable to
consumers.
"Bulls in the study were implanted with 24, 48, 96 and 192
milligrams of stilbestrol, " he explained. "We also gave 48 milligrams
of stilbestrol to one lot of steers. One control lot each of bulls
and steers received no stilbestrol."
Cmarik noted that at the end of the test implanted steers
weighed 15.5 percent more than untreated steers, but 13 percent less
than bulls treated with an equal amount of stilbestrol.
Bulls receiving 24 milligrams of stilbestrol gained about
4 percent faster than those getting none, and bulls receiving 48
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milligrams gained 4.5 percent faster than those getting 24 milligrams.
However, stilbestrol implants in excess of 48 milligrams per head pro-
duced smaller gains.
Cmarik said that flavor and tenderness ratings were not yet
available from the study. However, the U. of I. researcher noted that
stilbestrol did not appear to improve bull beef to a point that would
be acceptable to American consumers.
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Shop For Soybean Seed,
UI Agronomist Advises
URBANA--A University of Illinois agronomist has this advice
for Illinois farmers still looking for soybean seed: "Do plenty of
shopping around, and pay particular attention to the germination."
W. 0. Scott says that the Illinois Crop Improvement Associa-
tion reports good supplies of recommended soybean varieties except for
the newly developed Wayne.
"This would be a particularly good year to invest in certi-
fied seed," says Scott. "To meet standard requirements, certified se«d
must test at least 80 percent in germination. Last year's harvest v/as
delayed two or three weeks in parts of southern Illinois. As a result,
much of the seed is carrying a fungus commonly known as pod and. stem
blight."
The ICIA says that average germination of some recommended
varieties grown in southern Illinois dipped as low as 76 percent. The
area where delayed harvest--and, in some cases, resulting low-
germinating beans — was common, lies south of a line from Mattoon to
Alton. But high-germinating beans are available from this area, says
Scott. Local farm advisers have lists of certified soybean seed
growers that will aid in "shopping" efforts.
Scott says a 1965 drillbox survey of 456 samples showed
that more than 51 percent of the farmers interviewed had not tested
for germination. Over three-fourths of them had used their own beans
for seed or bought from a neighbor.
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Only 12 percent of the farmers surveyed had used certified
seed. Another 8 percent said they had planted certified seed, but no
tags were present to prove certification. Under these conditions—and
with low-germinating beans on the market — many Illinois farmers may
be planting plenty of headaches this spring along with their beans,
says Scott.
The soybean drillbox survey was a cooperative effort of the
University of Illinois College of Agriculture Cooperative Extension
Service, the Illinois State Department of Agriculture Seed Control
Division and the Illinois Crop Improvement Association. Forty-one
extension farm advisers collected the samples.
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UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
URBANA, ILLINOIS
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Special: UI Cattle Feeders Day
FOR RELEASE THURSDAY P.M.,
APRIL 14, 1966
UI Steers Gain Well On
All-Concentrate Diets
URBANA — University of Illinois animal scientists fed all-
concentrate diets to 30 steers in drylot last summer and they found
that the rations will give good gains and feed efficiency in finishing
animals.
Animal scientist Waco Albert reported the work here today
during the annual Illinois Cattle Feeders Day program. He said half
of the yearling steers in the study received an all-concentrate corn-
soybean meal diet and the rest were fed an all-concentrate corn-dehy-
urea ration.
"Perhaps the most striking data from the study are the rates
of gain for summer feeding and the feed efficiencies for steers this
age, " Albert said.
"Gains averaged 3^16 pounds daily for steers on the corn-
soybean diet and 3.06 for those receiving the corn-urea ration. The
30 steers averaged 5.77 pounds of feed per pound of gain."
Albert said there was no evidence that the ration had any
effect on vitamin A stores or caused liver damage in the steers.
"We mixed either 10-, 20- or 40-grams of antibiotic per ton
into the rations, " he said. "Apparently the lowest level was effective
in preventing liver damage."
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Albert said the steers were fed only hay during a preliminary
rest period before the study began. They then received the new all-
concentrate rations to appetite.
"Voluntary consumption was about 8 pounds of ration per head
daily for the first week, but after that rose about 1/3 pound daily
until the steers were averaging 22 pounds of concentrate each day.
There were a few days after cool nights in September when consumption
reached 25 pounds per head daily. "
Albert said there was some evidence of loose feces in a few
steers during the second and third week of the test. However, after
the fourth week, consistency of the feces appeared normal.
"We saw no symptoms of lameness due to founder, " Albert
noted. "However, some steers developed some foot-rot in the back feet.
Normal treatment cleared up the foot problems within a couple of weeks."
Researchers observed that the steers seldom chewed their
cud or gave any visible indications of rumination during the test.
Albert said the steers did not appear uncomfortable. He described
them as docile without sluggishness.
"Visitors often remarked about the 'lack of middles' or
'trimness' the steers exhibited," Albert explained. "These were sub-
jective evaluations, but borne out somewhat by the high dressing per-
cent of the animals when they were slaughtered."
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FOR RELEASE THURSDAY P.M.,
APRIL 14, 1966
Special: UI Cattle Feeders Day
Yearlings Make Maximum Gains
Between 28 And 56 Days On Feed
URBANA — Feed costs per 100 pounds gained were $3.00 to $4. CO
higher for long-fed steers than for comparable steers fed to low-choice
in recent University of Illinois tests.
Animal scientist J. E. Zimmerman reported the work, here to-
day during the annual Illinois Cattle Feeders Day program. He said
two lots of 10 yearling Hereford steers and two lots of 10 Hereford
steer calves were used in the study.
"We fed one lot of calves and one lot of yearlings until they
were graded low-choice on the hoof, " Zimmerman explained. "The other
two lots were fed for at least 200 pounds additional gain."
Zimmerman said the yearlings reached their maximum rate of
gain between 28 and 56 days on feed. The trend was for rates of gain
to drop during each succeeding 28-day period until they were slaugh-
tered after 308 days on feed.
"The average rate of gain for the last 112 days was only
50 percent as great as for the first 84 days, " Zimmerman said. "Feed
cost stayed about $20.00 per hundredweight gain for each period after
196 days on feed and averaged $26.03 for the last 112 days."
Feed costs per 100 pounds gained over the entire feeding
period were $17.89 for the long-fed steers and $13.93 for the steers
fed to low-choice.
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The study showed similar results for the calves. They
reached maximum average gains after 224 days on feed when they weighed
about 980 pounds. Gain for each successive 28-day period after that
was well under 2 pounds per day and averaged 1.50 pounds daily from
224 to 392 days.
"The calves showed a constant increase in both feed required
per pound of gain and feed cost per hundredweight gain after 56 days
on feed, " Zimmerman explained. "Feed cost per hundred pounds gained
averaged $26.35 from 224 days on feed to the end of the experiment."
Carcass data showed the long-fed steers with three to four
percent higher dressing percent and 11 percent larger loin-eye areas.
The steers graded one-third to one-half grade higher in both quality
and conformation grade.
"However, these advantages were offset by the much
wastier carcasses from the long-fed steers," Zimmerman said. "The
extra trim fat resulted in a 5 percent lower retail yield for the
calves and a 12 percent lower retail yield for the yearlings."
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4/12/66
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FOR RELEASE THURSDAY P.M.,
APRIL 14, 1966
Special: UI Cattle Feeders Day
Steers Gain Best On Concentrates
Added At Feeding In U. Of I. Tests
URBANA — University of Illinois research shows that urea is
a useful protein source for steers whether it's added to corn silage
at ensiling or feeding. But, energy concentrates gave best gains
when added at ensiling.
Animal scientist E. E. Hatfield reported the work here today
during the annual Illinois Cattle Feeders Day program.
"Gains averaged 2.51 pounds daily for stilbestrol-implanted
steers fed corn silage with concentrate added at ensiling and urea
added at feeding, " Hatfield said. "This compared with gsins of only
1.87 pounds daily for steers fed silage with both urea and concentrate
added at feeding."
Forty-eight Hereford steers were used in the study which
compared corn silage rations supplemented, with urea or concentrates
or both at ensiling or at feeding. One steer group received silage
with concentrates added at ensiling and soybean meal at feeding.
"Average daily gains on silage with urea and concentrate
added at ensiling were not significantly different from silage supple-
mented with concentrates at ensiling and soybean meal at feeding, "
Hatfield explained.
The study supported recommendations that corn silage for
steers be supplemented with more protein than is supplied by concen-
trates only. Average daily gain of steers on silage supplemented with
concentrate but no additional protein was significantly lower than
gains on any other treatment.
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HDNtbh
4/12/66
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
NIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Special: UI Cattle Feeders Day
Haylage, Corn Silage Give Similar
Gains In UI Tests With Steer Calves
URBANA — Feedlot performance and carcass merit were almost
identical for steers fed high-moisture corn and either corn silage,
haylage or a combination of corn silage and haylage in a recent Uni-
versity of Illinois study.
Animal scientist J. E. Zimmerman reported the work in a paper
handed out here during the recent Illinois Cattle Feeders Day.
Forty Hereford steers weighing about 460 pounds were divided
into four lots for use in this test. Steers in all lots received high-
moisture corn totaling one percent of their body weight for the first
112 days of the test and then received a full feed of high-moisture
corn to the end of the experiment.
"Average daily gains were 2.25 pounds daily for steers re-
ceiving corn silage supplemented with 1.25 pounds of soybean meal daily,
and 2.13 pounds for those receiving corn silage and 1 pound of soybean
meal per day, " Zimmerman explained.
"Steers receiving haylage as the only roughage gained 2.14
pounds daily. Those getting both haylage and corn silage gained 2.13
pounds daily. None of the haylage-fed steers received soybean meal."
Researchers figured feed costs per 100 pounds gained at
$14.39 for corn-silage-fed steers getting 1.25 pounds of soybean meal
daily, and $14.82 for these on corn silage and 1 pound of soybean meal
daily.
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Haylage-fed steers cost $13.89 per 100 pounds of gain com-
pared with $14.02 per 100 pounds for steers getting both haylage and
corn silage.
"Steer carcasses from ail lots were similar in most respects,
with no significant differences in dressing percent, carcass grades or
retail yield, " Zimmerman said.
In similar trials in 1963 and 1954, gains for steers receiv-
ing corn silage dropped off toward the end of the trials in late June,
July and August, Zimmerman noted. Since this latest test ended in
early July, it's pcssible that the weather did not affect the results
so much as in previous years.
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HDN:bh
4/15/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Special: UI Cattle Feeders Day
Limestone Equally Effective When
Added At Ensiling Or At Feeding
URBANA--University of Illinois tests show that limestone is
equally effective in promoting beef gains whether it's added to si-
lage during ensiling or at feeding.
"Average daily gain was 1.38 pounds for calves getting si-
lage with limestone added at ensiling and 1.37 pounds for those fed
silage with limestone added at feeding," animal scientist George
Cmarik reported, at the annual Illinois Cattle Feeders Day program.
Thirty-two yearling steers were divided into four lots for
use in the study. One lot received silage with limestone added at
ensiling; another received silage with no limestone. Researchers fed
the third lot silage with limestone added at feeding and gave the
fourth lot silage with dicalcium phosphate added at feeding.
All of the steers were fed soybean meal at a rate of 1 1/2
pounds daily per animal. The limestone was added at a rate of 10
pounds per ton of silage.
Feed consumption by the four lots was essentially equal,
Cmarik explained. Calves receiving no limestone gained more slowly
and. less efficiently than those getting limestone either at feeding
or at ensiling.
Calves getting the dicalcium phosphate made the slowest and
least efficient gains in the study. Calves receiving no calcium
gained 1.27 pounds daily, and those getting dicalcium phosphate gained
only .64 pound per day.
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HDN:bh
4/15/66
1
JEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
JIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Early Corn Planting Pays
URBANA — More and more of the state's corn farmers are real-
izing that early planting means increased yields. "Dramatic increases
in corn yields in the past few years reflect this realization, " says
University of Illinois agronomist Bill Pardee.
"Top corn producers know that they lose one or two bushels
a day for every day they postpone planting after they could have got-
ten into the field. Corn will germinate and grow any time the soil
temperature, at a four-inch depth, reaches 50 degrees F."
The early-planting corn farmer in southern Illinois gets his
crop in as soon after April 1 as he can. In the central part of the
state, April 20 is the date to shoot for. In northern Illinois, the
corn farmer gambling on the odds for increased yields through early
planting tries to hit an early May — after May 1 — date.
Light and moisture play a large role in the corn plant's
response to early planting. Early-planted corn has well developed
leaves by the longest day of the year — June 21 — and uses light more
efficiently than late-planted corn. Light is a necessary first ingre-
dient in the production of starch, which ultimately makes the corn
kernel. Nowadays corn is better off if it is knee-high by June 4 in-
stead of July 4, as the old adage pointed out, says Pardee.
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In the average corn growing season, dry, hot weather is most
likely to occur in late July and early August. Late-planted corn
usually tassels about this time. And since tasseling and pollination
are the most critical times in the life of the corn plant, hot and dry
weather at this time can really "fracture" yields, Pardee says.
Early-planted corn tassels in early July, when the chances for rain
are better, temperatures are lower and the soil is less dry, he adds.
There are other advantages to early planting. A given hybrid
planted early produces a shorter stalk with a lower ear than the same
hybrid planted later. Shorter stalks with low-set ears usually mean
less lodging. And early-maturing corn helps to ease the rush to the
elevator at harvest time, Pardee points out.
Early planting necessarily carries some disadvantages too,
says the agronomist. Weed and insect problems are greater then. So
is the danger of frost. Use of preemergence herbicides is more impor-
tant in early-planted corn. The same is true of insecticides. Most
modern corn farmers are using both. Of course, under early planting
conditions, use of high-germinating seed-corn is a must, says Pardee.
Frost is a hard problem to lick, especially when it occurs
in June and July, as it did last year in northern Illinois. But corn
usually rebounds from frost damage, says Pardee. The early planter
who is gambling on better yields also still has the option to replant
if frost hits. The late planter has no option, the agronomist points
out.
In the average year, frost won't be a problem. "Illinois
farmers still must gamble on the average," Pardee explains. "And the
one- to two-bushel gain per day for early planting appears worth gam-
bling on, since more and more farmers are planting early."
JJFtbh ~30~
4/19/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
FFA State Awards Day
Is April 23 In Urbana
URBANA- -Eighty-f ive outstanding Illinois Future Farmers of
America will vie for 17 state FFA Foundation awards on Saturday,
April 23, at the University of Illinois, Urbana.
The FFA members competing for the state awards have already
won chapter, sectional and district awards. Official presentation of
these awards will be made at the State FFA Convention in June.
The Illinois FFA Foundation gives plaques and awards in 17
areas: star state farmer; beef, corn, dairy, poultry, sheep, small
grain, soybean and swine production; farm and home beautif ication;
farm and home electrification; farm mechanics, farm safety, soil and
water management, crop farming, crop specialty and livestock farming.
FFA members from this area competing in the state finals are:
(See attached list for names of state finalists from your area.)
The FFA boys competing for these honors represent more than
16,000 vocational agriculture students. FFA award activities supple-
ment the planned educational program of vocational agriculture in
440 Illinois high schools.
Judges for the state award finals will be vocational agri-
culture supervisors and teachers and College of Agriculture staff
members.
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GAKrbh
4/19/66
DISTRICT FFA FOUNDATION AWARD WINNERS
Note to Editors: The following is a list of the FFA members competing
for 17 state FFA Foundation awards on Saturday, April 23, in Urbana.
Award Field
Star State Farmer
Name
Milton Spencer
Lyle Roberts, Jr
Roger Rutherford.
Bill Rut ledge
David Meyer
Town (FFA Chapter)
Williamsfield
Normal
Virden
Farmer City
Nashville
Farm Mechanics
Farm and Home
Electrification
Roger Lippens
Bill Kenetz
Don Stults
Gary Littlejohn
John Hoerr
James Jacobs
Bill Halpin
Garry Niemeyer
Kenneth Parish
James Peters
Prophetstown
For rest-Str awn-Wing
Carlinville
Casey
Valmeyer
Geneseo
Cullom
Auburn
Paris
McLeansboro
Soil and Water
Management
John Stufflebean
Tim Fitch
Perry Rathgaber
Don Bauer
Jim Doll
Geneseo
Belvidere
Carlinville
Windsor
Greenville
Farm Safety
Don Bantz
Bill West
Don Lantz
Roger Hedges
Ricky Henderson
Williamsfield
Belvidere
Paxton
Canton
McLeansboro
Dairy Production
Small Grain
Larry Day
Gale Wiegand
Carl Summers
Lee Allen Rutan, Jr
Paul Pyatt
James Stesses
Dan Kelley
Richard Stiltz
Dennis Marxmann
Jim Cobb
Oregon
Danvers
East Pike (Milton)
Bismarck
Pinckneyville
Elizabeth
Normal
Petersburg
Effingham
Kinmundy
Farm and Home
Beaut if icat ion
Boyd Harrell
Daniel Maack
Ray Edwards
Jim Anderson
Richard Secrest
Rock Falls
Tonica
Buffalo
Paxton
Odin
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Award Field
Crop Farming
Livestock Farming
Crop Specialty
Beef Production
Swine Production
Sheep Production
Poultry Production
Corn Production
Soybean Production
Name
Carl Grossman
Larry Stilwell
Gary Apel
Charles Stuemky
Albert Finley
Ronald Neumann
Dave Garner
John Grosboll
Robert McNabb
Allan Schickedanz
Wendell Marple
Donald DeYoung
Pete Scuba
Steve Bailey
Rodney Reavis
Henry Yeagle
Roger Boitnott
David Mies
Robert Almy, Jr.
Calvin Twenhafle
Forrest Pritchard
Dave Thompson
Bruce Worthington
Robert Bidner
Jerry Bible
Lee Liable
Roger Senesac
Dale Stephens
Mike Menges
Larry Bauer
Richard Siedenburg
Larry Neukomm
Alan Pepper
Chris Bohland
Lyle Sasse
Ray Eissens
John Dameron
Gregg Olson
Dan Schick
Louis Primus
Dan O'Brien
Richard. Wrede
Wayne Starman
Don Vance
Norman McKinney
Town (FFA Chapter)
Amboy
Tonica
Lincoln
Altamont
Ramsey
Geneseo
Watseka
Petersburg
Paris
Marissa
Rock Ridge
St. Anne
Gillespie
Farmer City
Greenville
Orangeville
Normal
Waver ly
Georgetown
Marissa
Prophetstown
Newark
Petersburg
Mahomet
N. Clay (Louisville)
Washburn
Manteno
Lincoln
Bismarck
Triad (St. Jacob)
Mt. Carroll
Cisna Park
Avon
Moweaqua
Farina (LaGrove)
Thomson
Normal
Bushnell
Maroa
Lawrenceville
Wenona
Crescent City (Iroquois)
Bowen
Leroy
Cisne
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MEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
NIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
10,000 U. S. Farmers Keep Records
On Electronic Computers, IH Exec Says
CHICAGO — More than 10,000 U. S. farmers are estimated to be
keeping farm records on electronic data processing equipment, primarily
through university programs, an International Harvester research execu-
tive reports.
Lavon Fife, general supervisor of market research, recently
told an Agricultural Industries Forum audience that, through the use
of computers, detailed and accurate records and enterprise cost ac-
counting are now a reality.
The degree of computer service offered to farmers varies from
area to area, Fife said. And programs are generally flexible enough to
allow the cooperating farmer some choice as to the amount of detail
he must submit. But limited data will also limit the kind of analysis
he can receive at the end of the quarter or year.
Some of the more complete programs provide participating
farms with detailed summaries on a monthly and yearly basis for each
productive farm enterprise. These summaries include a complete record
of quantities, prices and values of sales and also a complete record
of all expenses classified by type, including the allocation of over-
head costs to the enterprise. The statement also shows the net profit
or loss for the enterprise.
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Add 10,000 U. S. Farmers Keep Records - 2
Operators of large cattle- feeding enterprises are using com-
puters to determine the formulation of feeds to produce maximum gains
at minimum costs. Such a program requires the accurate analysis of
I feed nutrients. As a result, more and more cattle feeders are buying
feed on the basis of nutrient value rather than on the basis of weight,
because there appears to be a wider variation in the nutrient value of
a given feed than was suspected, Fife said.
The computer can calculate a plan that is potentially the
most profitable from among several alternative courses. It takes into
consideration the price of cattle, price of feed, nutritional require-
ments of the cattle, size and type of cattle, length of time on feed
and price quotations on the future market.
Fertilizer companies have recently developed computer pro-
grams to plan the best fertilizer program for a given farm. The com-
puter considers the combined effect of soil moisture, soil temperature,
soil types and fertility levels and then determines the optimum amount
and kind of fertilizer to be used for a particular crop on a particular
field with a particular set of weather conditions.
Fife noted that some of the more complete computer record-
keeping systems provide for the collection and analysis of use and
cost data for tractors and machinery. Cost per hour of use is calcu-
lated and allocated to each enterprise on the basis of use. Depre-
ciation schedules are programmed into the computer and are used in
developing equipment costs for income tax record purposes.
Some programs have been written to help farmers determine
the best combination of power and machines to perform the specific
operations for a farm of a given type, size and location.
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JAP:bh
4/22/66
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Strong Demand For 1966
Aq College Graduates
URBANA — Agricultural college graduates are finding unusually
good employment opportunities this spring.
Sales and management opportunities in agricultural business
and industry are the largest areas of demand, says Warren K. Wessels,
placement officer at the University of Illinois College of Agriculture,
Need for vocational agriculture teachers and cooperative ex-
tension workers also is great, Wessels points out. However, demand is
strong in all areas for men with a college education in agriculture.
Placement workers all over the country indicate that employment oppor-
tunities are better than they were last year.
Salaries for 1965 graduates with the bachelor of science
degree averaged $6,144; with the master of science degree, $7,488? and
with the doctor of philosophy degree, $10,128.
Of the B. S. degree graduates in 1965, 26 percent continued
graduate study or professional education; 9 percent went into educa-
tional and extension work; 10 percent went into farming and farm
management; 9 percent entered governmental careers; 13 percent were
serving in the military service; and 26 percent were working in pri-
vate industry. Six percent went into other classifications.
The annual survey for midwestern land-grant institutions
was made by Ronald Kay, placement officer for the Iowa State Univer-
sity College of Agriculture at Ames with Wessels' cooperation. Uni-
versities participating in the survey were Illinois, Iowa, Kansas,
Lincoln, Michigan State, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota,
Ohio State, Purdue, South Dakota and Wisconsin.
30-
WKW:RAJ:bh
4/22/66
MEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
MIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Crime In North Central States
Increases 3 Percent In 1965
URBANA — A preliminary FBI report for 1965 shows a 3 percent
increase over 1964 in the crime index for the North Central States
compared with a 5 percent increase for the nation as a whole. In the
United States, all crime classifications increased in volume, accord-
ing to University of Illinois rural sociologist D. E. Lindstrom.
Rural area crime rates in 1965 were 4 percent higher than
1964 rates, Lindstrom says. This percentage is the lowest for all
areas, but only 1 percent below the rate for cities of more than
25,000. The suburban crime rate was 8 percent higher in 1965 than in
1964.
Lindstrom notes these significant changes for rural areas:
— The murder rate has increased 18 percent, a considerably
higher increase than in urban areas.
— Larceny of $50 and more in value has increased 9 percent,
1 percent below that for suburban areas.
— Aggravated assault and burglary each increased 3 percent.
— Decreases were recorded for forcible rape, robbery and
auto theft.
Geographically, the Western States had the highest crime
index increase, with 9 percent. The Southern States were last with an
increase of 1 percent.
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Reports show that during 1965 police cleared,by arrest of
the offender, 90 percent of the murder offenses, 65 percent of the
forcible rapes, 37 percent of the robberies, 72 percent of the aggra-
vated assaults, 24 percent of the burglaries, 19 percent of the lar-
cenies and 26 percent of the auto thefts.
Arrests of offenders under 18 years of age increased by 3
percent, while arrests of adults increased 1 percent.
Lindstrom says that the FBI report points out that crime
is a social problem and should concern the entire community. The
efforts of law enforcement groups are limited to factors within their
control.
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JAP:bh
4/26/66
I
ft £
IEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
IVERS1TY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
U. Of I. Studies Oxidation Ditch
For Odorless Swine Waste Disposal
NOTE TO ILLINOIS EDITORS: See AGRI-PIX for photo to accompany this
story.
URBANA — A confinement hog house that is self-cleaning and
odorless and almost completely eliminates the labor in manure disposal
is the goal of swine research now under way at the University of Illi-
nois.
Major components of the building's experimental waste-
treatment unit are a water-filled oxidation ditch under partially
slotted floors, and a paddle wheel not unlike those that powered the
old stern-wheelers of Mark Twain's day.
Object of the paddle wheel is to keep manure solids sus-
pended and continuously circulating around the ditch, and to splash
enough oxygen into the water to promote aerobic bacterial action.
Aerobic bacteria are the "good guys" in the U. of I. waste
disposal studies. They attack and decompose manure solids without
creating the offending gases and odors that their cousins, the anaero-
bic bacteria, have caused in many of the nation's confinement systems.
Illinois ag engineer D. L. Day says laboratory studies last
year indicated that aerobic bacteria could do a satisfactory job of
stabilizing liquid swine waste without creating odors. The process
did not attract flies.
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This spring researchers moved their experiments out of the
laboratory into a 100-pig finishing building constructed specifically
for the waste-treatment studies.
The center of the building is partially slotted/ with an
oval oxidation ditch, 8 feet by 30 feet, located under the slats. The
slotted section serves two sets of pens built back to back. The floor
slopes 1/2 inch per foot from each side of the building, down to the
water-filled ditch in the center.
A wall splits the middle of the ditch, but leaves both ends
open so water can circulate from the paddle wheel around the other
side of the ditch and back to the wheel again. The paddle wheel is
powered by a 3/4-horsepower motor.
Some factors researchers want to check with the experimental
unit are what initial dilution of aerobic bacteria is needed to get
the unit in operation and to maintain it, and how much oxidation-ditch
volume is required per pig. They also want to find the power require-
ments needed for the wheel to churn enough oxygen into the water for
most effective bacterial action.
Day points out that the oxidrttAon ditch idea for waste dis-
posal was developed in Holland. At least one of the systems is now in
experimental use in the United States for disposing of municipal waste
It's located in Glenwood, Minnesota, and is the only treatment plant
for the town's 3,000 population.
"One of the more interesting uses of the oxidation ditch for
swine is in Scotland," Day explains. "Researchers there have put a
shallow ditch inside a swine building, and it feeds into a larger oxi-
dation ditch outside."
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Day says this system might have merit for keeping swine
waste in the building aerobic until it is periodically moved out to a
large oxidation ditch for final treatment. Several buildings might
discharge into the one outside ditch.
Day notes that the U. of I. waste-oxidation studies are in
the early experimental stage. Research results will not be available
for some time.
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HDNrbh
4/28/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE FE LEASE
Market Supplies Of Corn Will
Be Large During Summer Months
URBANA — Recently released USDA estimates of the April 1 grain
inventory have confirmed important facts that will influence corn price
trends this spring and summer, according to University of Illinois
grain marketing economist L. F. Stice.
The USDA report indicates that market prices are currently
being supported by a strong market demand for corn in the U. S. and
abroad, the lack of boxcars to move to market corn that is already
sold by the Commodity Credit Corporation, and the moderate rate at
which farmers have marketed their 1965 crop.
The estimates also confirm that, although total U. S. corn
stocks were about the same this April 1 as a year earlier, the "free
supplies" of corn to be marketed from now until the 1966 corn harvest
are much larger than in 1965 and well above prospective needs.
Stice says total April 1 U. S. stocks of corn were 2,900
million bushels compared with 2,862 million a year earlier, an increase
of only 1.3 percent. However, on- farm stocks were 237 million bushels
larger, stocks in CCC bins were 122 million bushels smaller, and stocks
in commercial mills and elevators were 77 million bushels smaller than
in 1965.
Because of the high disappearance rate, the over-all supply
figures alone are not bearish, Stice says. Corn disappearance from
October through March totaled 2,442 million bushels compared with
2,250 million a year earlier. About half of this 192-million-bushel
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increase was exported and half was used in the U. S. Stice says that
at this rate of use disappearance from April throuqh September will be
about 1,836 million bushels compared with 1,692 million a year earlier.
And, the total 1965-66 disappearance will be about 4,277 million
bushels — 100 million over the record 1965 corn crop of 4, 171 million
bushels.
The bearish factor in the outlook for the coming months is
the increase in "free stocks" — corn not owned by CCC or under govern-
ment loan. From the April 1 report, it appears that "free stocks"
total about 2,184 million bushels. That's 348 million bushels more
than the prospective April- September disappearance of 1,836 million
bushels.
In addition, farmers will redeem and sell some of the 188
million bushels of 1965 corn now un^er loan. Also, CCC will continue
to sell some corn. Both sources will add to the free market supplies,
Stice points out.
The ownership and location of the "excess corn" is also a
factor in the corn outlook, he says. More than half of the 237- .
million-bushel increase in April 1 farm stocks was in Illinois and
Indiana. These states are ones in which the quantity of corn re-
sealed and under loan is small.
A substantial amount of the 378 million bushels of CCC sales
has not moved to market because of the transportation shortage. For
example, April 1 stocks in CCC bins were 262 million bushels, but
CCC's non-committed paper inventory was only 175 million.
These facts suggest that if "free supplies" can move to
market and 1966 corn production prospects are good, corn prices will
work lower during the summer months, Stice says.
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JEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
IIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Melting-Out Means Miserable Lawns
URBANA — It may be Helminthosporium dictyoides — or one of its
close relatives — to experts like University of Illinois extension plant
pathologist Mai Shurtleff, but to the average homeowner, melting-out
means a sick lawn.
The disease shows up first as small, then large, irregular
turf areas that are yellowed, then browned and eventually killed.
Entire stands of bluegrasses, fescues or bentgrasses may be completely
destroyed by severe Helminthosporium crown and root rot, says Shurtleff.
These diseases can be especially destructive during wet,
humid weather or in areas where the turf is sprinkled frequently.
Improper mowing and fertilization, thatch development, dense shade and
restricted air movement across the lawn also contribute to the melting-
out problem.
The Helminthosporium group of diseases produces a variety of
symptoms, depending on the kind of grass, season, weather and the spe-
cific fungus. Damage above ground shows up as small, dark brown,
purplish or purplish-red spots on the leaves from early spring to
early fall. The spots grow rapidly, become round to oblong, and the
centers gradually fade to an ash-white, light brown or straw color.
Severe infections coupled with moist conditions can kill the entire
plant above ground.
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The disease cycle for all species of these fungi is essen-
tially the same. They survive from year to year in dead clippings and
grass tissues or in infected leaves, crowns and rhizomes. In the
spring, tremendous numbers of spores are produced on this debris.
Spores are carried to new leaf growth by air currents, mowers, flow-
ing or splashing water and infected grass clippings.
Spraying a lawn with turf fungicides to control melting-out
is time-consuming, expensive and often not practical for the average
homeowner. But if fungicides are needed, U. of I. county farm ad-
visers ran suggest chemicals to use.
Shurtleff suggests these cultural practices to prevent an
attack of melting-outr
1. Mow bluegrass, fescues and ryegrasses at the recommended
maximum height for satisfactory turf use. Avoid close clipping at all
times. Mow the grass frequently so that no more than one-third of the
leaf surface is removed at one time.
2. Collect the clippings. Helminthosporium fungi thrive in
the damp mulch from clippings, then attack healthy grass growing
through the mulch. Avoid problems by not allowing thatch to become
more than one-fourth inch deep.
3. If a dense thatch has formed, use a vertical mower, power
rake or some other machine designed for removing this dense grcwth.
These machines may be rented at most garden supply centers.
4. Severely diseased turf will recover more rapidly if you
apply a fertilizer that will supply adequate available nitrogen. Avoid
heavy applications of soluble nitrogen fertilizers in hot weather.
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Follow a recommended fertilizer program that maintains as uniform a
level of soil nutrients in the root zone as possible. Nitrogen, phos-
phorus and potassium should be present in sufficient but not excessive
amounts.
5. In dry weather, apply enough moisture at each watering
to soak the soil at least 6 to 8 inches deep. Repeat every 7 to 10
days if the weather remains dry. Apply additional water just after a
light shower during a dry period. Avoid frequent sprinkling, late
afternoon or evening watering and waterlogging of the soil.
6. Where shade is dense and air movement is restricted, thin
or remove dense trees and shrubs. This process speeds drying and aids
in disease control.
Some bluegrasses and fescues are resistant to specific Hel-
minthosporium fungi but highly susceptible to others. So the home-
owner has little hope of controlling the disease complex by using
resistant grasses.
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5/2/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
U. Of I. Hosts Production Credit
Fieldmen, May 9-10
URBANA — Agricultural potentials, resource control, point of
sale financing, salesmanship, service and farm outlook are the main
topics on the 14th annual Illinois Production Credit Association field-
men's conference program, May 9-10, at the Illini Union Building,
nrb^na. More than 100 fieldmen from 18 associations are expected to
attend.
Orville G. Bentley, Dean of the College of Agriculture, will
welcome fieldmen at their opening session Monday morning.
Other speakers include J. M. Holcomb, U. of I. professor of
faT-TT! management and finance; Harold Primm, Agriculture Business Serv-
ice Company, Blooming ton? Alan D. Miner, Champaign PCA; George C.
Bates, vice-president, Federal Intermediate Credit Bank, St. Louis;
David J. Stein, FS Services, Bloomington; Harold Baker, Bloomington
PCA; Irwin Cochrun, U. of I. professor of business management; Robert
Hammitt, Mississippi Valley PCA, Pittsfield; John F. Wright, Illini
PCA, Carlinville; L. H. Simerl, U. of I. extension economist; Stanley P.
Morrow, president of Federal Intermediate Credit Bank, St. Louis; and
the Rev. Leon H. Appel, Lincoln Christian Church, Lincoln.
The conference is arranged and conducted by the U. of I.
Division of University Extension in cooperation with the College of
Agriculture and the Illinois Production Credit Associations.
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5/2/66
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«EWS FROM AGRICULTURE
DIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS \-~ 5
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Note to Editors; This is the first of a series of three stories about
termite identification and control, and the selection of an extermi-
nator.
Swarms Mean Termites —
Or Are They Ants?
URBANA — When the average Illinois homeowner sees ant-like
swarms in the spring, his natural — and alarmed — reaction is "Termites!"
Termites have been a problem in many areas, especially in
southern Illinois. And these destructive insects are becoming more
numerous in the central and northern parts of the state. But before
becoming unduly alarmed, be sure your problem is termites.
H. B. Petty, University of Illinois extension entomologist
with the Illinois Natural History Survey, gives these answers to com-
monly asked questions about termites:
What are termites? They are colonial insects that feed on
wood or wood products, including paper. Organisms in their digestive
tract convert wood cellulose into usable food.
Here's how you can distinguish termites from flying ants:
Flying termites — kings and queens — are always black. Flying
ants may be black, yellow, tan or almost red. The rear wings on an
ant are noticeably shorter than its forewings; the two pairs of the
termite's wings are the same size. Ants have a narrow waist just be-
hind the wing-bearing section of the body; termites do not. Termite
antennae are straight; those of ants are elbowed.
Worker termites are white to cream colored. Worker ants —
without wings — vary in color as do the flying ants.
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Hov are termite infestations found? Swarms of flying ter-
mites usually appear in the spring, while flying ants swarm continuously
from spring to fall. Mud tubes built over concrete and other obstruc-
tions positively indicate termite activity. These tubes are usually
found on inside basement walls and over outside foundations. Weakened
lumber may also show presence of termites. Tapping lumber with an
ice pick or screwdriver provides an easy test for weakness.
How does termite damage differ from other wood damage? Ter-
mites eat only the soft part of the wood, leaving the annual ring in-
tact. They leave the remaining shell in splinter-like layers. Only
termites seal their runways and feeding areas with mud. Unlike the
termite, carpenter ants gouge large, smooth areas out of wood, dis-
regarding grain. And their galleries are free of mud. Powder-post
beetles make tiny tunnels in the wood, producing a fine, powdery saw-
dust. Several fungi also cause wood rot, but in this case the wood
appears charred or crumbly with no apparent tunnels.
How soon will structural damage occur? Termites may feed in
wooden buildings for years before they do any serious structural damage.
Usually damage doesn't occur until the colony is 8 to 10 years old
unless the ground contained a large population before the building was
built.
Where are termite colonies located? Since termite colonies
need a constant, controlled supply of moisture, most of them are lo-
cated in the soil. They get into houses only in their search for food.
Why do termites build tubes? Since termites die rapidly
under dry conditions, they maintain a constant humidity by building
tubes. They also seal their feeding area with mud.
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How do they enter a building? Wood in contact with the soil
provides an unexposed path over which termites invade buildings. Base-
ment windows, porches, door sills, wood supports through concrete
slabs and siding that touches the soil are other possibilities. Cracks
in concrete foundations and spaces in concrete block foundations also
provide hidden entryways. When no "paths" are provided, termites will
build mud tubes over the foundation and up into the building.
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5/4/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Note to Editors: This is the second in a series of three stories about
termite identification and control, and selection of an exterminator.
Control Termites
Before Construction
URBANA — It's far easier — and less expensive — to control ter-
mites before you build than it is to exterminate them from the fin-
ished building.
Here are some termite control suggestions for buildings under
construction. The tips are provided by H. B. Petty, University of
Illinois extension entomologist with the Illinois Natural History Sur-
veys
1. Remove stumps and wood debris from the building site
before construction starts. Apply one gallon of 1/2 percent dieldr in or
1 percent chlordane to each square yard of surface before concrete slab
is poured. As the soil is replaced around the foundation or footing,
mix the chemical with the soil. Use a rate of one gallon for every 3
or 4 linear feet with shallow foundations or for every 2 linear feet
with deep foundations. Put insecticides in each space of concrete
block foundations.
2. Do not bury scraps of lumber or other wood debris in the
backfill.
3. Avoid all contacts between woodwork of the building and
soil. Use chemically treated lumber where wood is close to the soil.
4. Provide ventilation openings in the foundation. This
will dry the soil in unexcavated areas. Take care of any drainage
problems in this area. Remember that termites perish rapidly under
dry conditions.
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5. Install a termite shield between the foundation and the
superstructure to help detect an infestation. A shield will not keep
termites out of a building, but it will force them to build their
tunnels in the open where they are visible. If there are breaks in
the shield, termites will find them and invade the building undetected.
6. If possible, provide enough clearance beneath all parts
of the building to allow for inspection.
Following these precautions will provide good insurance
against a termite invasion. However, don't be alarmed if you find
termites in your house. Study the situation carefully to see how
serious the problem is. If you think you can do the exterminating work
yourself, or want more information, ask your county farm adviser for
a copy of NHE-57, "Facts About Termites."
If your termite problem seems extremely complicated — and
most are — contact a reputable, well-established exterminator.
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Note to Editors; This is the third in a series of three stories about
termite identification and control, and. selection of an exterminator.
Select Termite Exterminators Carefully
URBANA — Termites are becoming more of a problem in Illinois
every year, so you may discover that the pests have invaded your house.
Or perhaps you have already discovered them. In either case, ridding
your house of termites can be a complicated job and you might need the
services of a reputable exterminator.
If you discover termites, don't become alarmed, advises
H. B. Petty, extension entomologist with the University of Illinois an\
the Illinois Natural History Survey. Take your time and study the
situation carefully to see how serious your problem is. It takes years
for termites to cause serious structural damage.
Then, if your problem needs the attention of an expert,
select a dependable exterminating company. As with any other business,
workmanship varies between companies. A few would rather make a
"fast buck" than do a good job, but most companies give excellent serv-
ice and are a benefit to their community.
Petty has these suggestions for selecting a dependable exter-
minating company:
1. Do not accept as bona fide badges or pocket credentials
from itinerant exterminators who solicit door-to-door business.
2. Check with your better business bureau for companies they
suggest. Or, if there are no exterminators in your community, check
with the better business bureau in the city where the company is
located. Friends who have employed exterminators may also have sug-
gestions.
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Add Select Termite Exterminators - 2
3. Get bids from two or more companies.
4. Ask the company representative any questions you may have
about their methods.
5. Ask to be billed for the work. This gives you time to
observe results of the extermination. If company representatives
demand payment before they do the work or immediately afterwards, this
may indicate they want their money so they can conveniently — and hur-
riedly— leave town.
Before you sign any contract, read it carefully. Be sure the
company can back up its work with re-treatment if control is not satis-
factory. Reputable companies have earned their good standing in the
community and will re-treat if necessary.
Some "fly-by-night" operators make it their business to prey
on senior citizens. Pensioners or widows whose houses represent their
life savings are prime targets. Scare tactics, "planted damage," and
other devices are employed to convince the elderly to use the services
of the "fast operator." Such operators often bilk the unsuspecting
into a repeat treatment, saying that "conditions in the neighborhood
have changed, making re-treatment necessary."
So, study your situation carefully and deliberately, says
Petty. For more information on termites, ask your farm adviser for a
copy of NHE-57, "Facts About Termites."
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HEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
DIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS \> *'
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Try Your Luck With
Tomatoes This Spring
URBANA — Unseasonably cool weather in many parts of the state
has slowed some garden activities, but there's still plenty of time
to plant tomatoes.
To have tomatoes throughout the season, University of Illi-
nois horticulturists suggest that home gardeners plant both early
and main-crop varieties. A list of varieties recommended for your
area is included in U. of I. Circular 882, "Illinois Vegetable Garden
Guide." You can get it from the U. of I. or from your county farm
adviser.
While tomatoes can be seeded directly, most gardeners use
transplants. Using a starter fertilizer when transplanting will get
your plants off to a fast start. An all-soluble fertilizer high in
phosphorus — 10-52-17 or 10-50-10 — works well. Mix about two table-
spoons of fertilizer to a gallon of water. Then use about a cup of
the solution per plant. Circular 882 contains additional tips on
transplanting .
Tomatoes can use another "shot" of fertilizer about the time
fruit begins to set. Two and a half pounds of ammonium nitrate, two
pounds of urea or five pounds of nitrate of soda per 1,000 square feet
will fill this fertilizer need.
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Tomato plants require 9 to 12 square feet per plant. But if
your garden plot is small, staked plants may be spaced more closely.
Tomatoes grow well either on the ground or staked, but plants grown
on the ground require less work, produce more per plant and may be less
susceptible to blossom-end rot. Staking means cleaner fruits, no loss
from soil rot and sometimes, easier picking. If tomatoes are grown
on the ground, mulching will reduce anthracnose and fruit rots and help
keep fruits clean. Mulching will also conserve moisture and control
weeds.
If you choose to stake and prune your tomatoes, try this
modified system which works well in Illinois: Shortly after trans-
planting, drive a stake about 6 feet long and 1.5 inches in diameter
into the soil 8 to 10 inches deep and 3 inches away from each plant.
When the plants are 12 to 15 inches high, remove all but one main stem
and tie it loosely to the stake, using soft twine or cloth. As the
plant grows remove the shoots, or "suckers," which develop between the
main stem and the leaves, up to the first fruit cluster. Above the
first fruit cluster let the shoots develop two leaves and then pinch
off the tips. Tie the plant loosely to the stake every 10 to 12
inches.
Using fungicides will greatly reduce tomato diseases that
might harass gardeners. U. of I. Circular 912, "Tomato Diseases
and Insect Pests," gives full details. This circular is also avail-
able from your local farm adviser.
Looking ahead to the time when you can really enjoy your
gardening efforts, the horticulturists have these harvesting tips:
Harvest the fruits when they are pink except during periods when the
daily mean temperature is above 75 degrees F. At such high tempera-
tures, pick the fruits just as they are turning color and keep them at
68 degrees F. for further coloring. Tomatoes will be firmer and have
better flavor than those ripened on the vine when temperatures are
high. Fruits exposed to direct sunlight may reach a temperature 20 de-
grees higher than that of shaded fruits.
JJF:bh -30-
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JEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
DIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
A Farm In A Zoo
Five acres of rural Illinois complete with barns and live-
stock nestle among the high-rise apartments and busy streets of Chicago
in the Lincoln Park Zoo. This "Farm-In-The-Zoo" is designed to show
farm animals to Chicagoans and to teach them something about the pro-
duction and marketing of agricultural commodities in Illinois.
The Lincoln Park Zoological Society and Zoo Director
Dr. Lester Fisher see the new facility as offering an excellent oppor-
tunity for agriculture to tell its story to the 4,000,000 city dwellers
who annually visit the zoo.
Chicago adults and children, who are usually more familiar
with elephants, lions and tigers than they are with cows, sheep and
horses, can now see live farm animals and view educational exhibits on
Illinois agriculture.
The five acres of Farm-In-The-Zoo, which border a lagoon on
the south end of the Lincoln Park Zoo, are open the year round. The
dairy barn and the main barn with its exhibition area have been open
since December 1964. Visitors may watch cows being milked in a
glassed-in milking parlor in the dairy barn. A taped commentary
describes each operation in detail.
A horse barn houses a mule, a draft horse, saddle horses and
a pony. Four major breeds of beef cattle are shown in the cattle
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barn. A poultry building and a combined sheep and swine barn are
planned for construction. Sheep, swine and poultry are now shown in
the main barn.
The main barn is also the farm exhibit and demonstration
center. One display produced by the Extension Service asked Zoo
visitors to test their knowledge of Illinois agriculture. Ten color
panels with large photos had such questions as "How many pounds of
meat did Chicagoans eat today?" (answers 2 1/2 million), "What per-
cent of Illinois land is used for farming?" (answer: 85%) , and "Out
of every 100 workers in the state, how many are engaged in farming or
related industries?" (answer: 33) .
A committee of specialists from the University of Illi-
nois College of Agriculture provides needed technical information for
the Farm-In-The-Zoo operation.
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Local Families To Participate
In U. Of I. Camping Show
Note to Editors; See attached list for names of campers from your area
who are participating in the U. of I. Family Camping Show.
families from the area are
among the 30 selected as exhibiting campers at the University of Illi-
nois Family Camping Show in Illini Grove on the Urbana campus May 20-22
Local families are: (See attached list of campers from your
area. )
These families, who have made a hobby of camping, will
demonstrate for visitors the various types of camping equipment avail-
able commercially, and many will display homemade items. Supplementing
the campers' equipment will be 19 commercial displays.
The show opens at 7:30 p.m. on Friday May 20, with a special pre
gram in the Veterinary Medicine Building. Visiting hours at the Grove
on Saturday and Sunday are from noon to 6 p.m. Educational programs
have been scheduled on both days between 1 and 4 p.m. in the Veter-
inary Medicine Building.
In line with the federal government program to enhance the
beauty of America, the theme of this year's show is "Keep It Clean;
Keep It Green." On Saturday afternoon J. A. Porter, graduate student
in landscape architecture, will talk on "The Camper's Role in Natural
Beautif ication. "
Other highlights of the Saturday program are "Canoe Camping
in the Quetico, " a slide presentation by Hugh Cordier, head of the
U. of I. Department of Radio and Television; and "Illinois Outdoor
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Recreation Plan," a talk by Gene H. Graves, director of the State
Department of Business and Economic Development.
Some features of the Saturday program will be repeated on
Sunday afternoon. For example, Dr. Erwin Small, instructor in veter-
inary clinical medicine, will talk at both sessions on "Pets Go Camp-
ing." In addition, the program includes movies and talks on the
National Park Service and camping in the national forests.
Last year more than 20,000 persons visited the show. Admis-
sion is free.
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Family Campers
Mr. and Mrs. Clarence Berbaum, Champaign
" " " Roy Kruger, Champaign
" Richard Prairie, Champaign
" James Bier, Champaign
Bill Lytle, Champaign
" J. W. Harney, Clinton
" Bill Meyer, Decatur
Roy Edwards, Decatur
Troy Williams, Decatur
" Herbert Vorndam, Decatur
Jack Lilja, Des Plaines
Mrs. Barbara Bland, Kankakee
Mr. and Mrs. Lewis Fink, Kenney
Herbert Koch, LaSalle
John Corzine, LeRoy
" Verdon Cox, LeRoy
Myrlin Buckingham, Monticello
Weert Bauer, Nokomis
Leslie Nelson, Normal
Percy Howard, Piper City
Albert Siegert, Pontiac
Ralph Williams, Rantoul
Arnold Santjer, Rantoul
Bill Pickett, Rochester
Wayne Archer , Rochester
Joe Bertschinger, Springfield
Elmer Devoe, Towanda
Woodrow Brookey, Urbana
Richard Spencer, Urbana
Roy Thomas, Watson
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JEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
IVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
'M— mnuT1,
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Severe Yellow Dwarf Forecast
URBANA — Severe outbreaks of barley yellow dwarf virus and
large numbers of virus-spreading aphids building up in the south may
mean the worst virus threat to Illinois* oats since 1959, University
of Illinois extension plant pathologist Mai Shurtleff predicted here
today.
Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) is severe now in winter
barley in the southern half of the state. Virus-carrying aphids from
the south are often blown in, as in the greenbug-BYDV outbreak in
1959. That year the virus, coupled with greenbug feeding, caused an
estimated loss of 34.5 million bushels of oats valued at $24.3 million.
The loss represented 28 percent of the total oat production in Illinois
The severity of BYDV damage depends on plant response, says
Shurtleff. Seedling infection is most severe. Late-planted oats and
oats growing in poor soils are damaged more severely than those plantec
early in good soil. Oats following soybeans are less affected than
those following corn where no fertilizers have been applied.
The first symptoms of BYDV on oats, and to a lesser extent
on barley and wheat, appear as faint yellowish-green blotches, usually
near the leaf tip. The blotches enlarge rather rapidly, merge and
turn various shades of red, brown or yellow-orange. Affected portions
often die as the infection spreads through the entire plant. The
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leaves may curl inward and appear more erect than usual. Symptoms
generally appear first on the older leaves. The virus may shrivel
kernels and reduce test weight.
In barley, the most characteristic symptoms are dwarfing and
the brilliant yellow coloring of the leaves.
In wheat, severe dwarfing and general yellowing are less
common and the disease is more severe when infection takes place in
the fall than in the spring. The root system is damaged as severely
as the tops of plants.
At present, farmers cannot fully control BYDV in the field.
But they can reduce damage in oats as well as in other crops by
growing tolerant varieties.
Early planting of spring varieties, plus proper fertilization
can help to prevent heavy damage. Vigorously growing plants are more
tolerant of the disease than weaker ones. Large publications of
aphids usually do not appear in Illinois until sometime in May.
Use of insecticides to control BYDV in small grains and grass
crops is not recommended at present because they kill aphids too slowly
If virus-carrying aphids arrive in steady numbers from outside the
treated area, they can infect plants on which they land and feed even
when the crop is treated. Such was the case with greenbugs in 1959,
Shurtleff concludes.
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5/17/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
U. Of I. Sociologist Lists Costs
And Benefits Of Medicare To Farmers
URBANA — Farm families and other rural residents could bene-
fit from Medicare more than any other group, a University of Illinois
rural sociologist points out.
D. E. Lindstrom, citing a recent U. S. Department of Agri-
culture report, explains that a larger percentage of rural residents
are older than city residents, and fewer have private health insurance.
All persons over 65 years of age who are getting social security or
railroad retirement are automatically covered under the law. For those
not so covered, the program will be financed from the federal treasury.
Social security tax rates will increase slightly under the
Medicare program. For self-employed farmers, the rates in 1967 will
increase from 6.2 to 6.4 percent of taxable income. By 1987 and later,
the change will be from 6.9 to 7.8 percent.
For farm wage workers, the increase in 1967 will be from
4.125 to 4.2 percent. By 1987 and after, the rate will go from 4.625
to 5.65 percent.
Benefits include hospital insurance to cover costs over
$40 for 60 days of confinement. Also, a payment of $3 per month begin-
ning July 1 this year will cover 80 percent of reasonable doctor and
medical costs over $50 a year.
Lindstrom also points out that aside from Medicare there
will be higher retirement benefits, benefits for uninsured persons
over 72 years of age and for disabled workers, and higher earned in-
come exemptions. Also, widows of insured workers can get benefits at
age 60 under certain conditions.
Full details about these programs are available at local
Social Security Offices. -n
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5/17/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
County Extension Advisers
Attend May Conference
URBANA — County farm and home advisers and their assistants,
members of the University of Illinois Cooperative Extension Service,
will meet on the Urbana campus May 25-27 for their annual spring
conference.
County staff will join the state extension staff members in
discussing the conference theme, "Staffing for the ' 70's." All day
Thursday, May 26, will be devoted to discussing cooperative extension
organization and staff needs for the next decade.
Dean Orville G. Bentley of the College of Agriculture will
open the Thursday morning session with a discussion of "The Tripartite
Educational Philosophy of the College of Agriculture." L. E. Card,
emeritus head of the Department of Animal Science, will then give a
summary report of the findings and recommendations of the "Committee
of 17" who completed a four-month study of cooperative extension organi-
zation and staff needs in January of this year.
Several staff members will conduct a symposium on the con-
ference theme, to be followed by a full afternoon of discussion by
groups. Reports of these discussions will be presented on Friday
morning.
Joseph Ackerman, director of the Farm Foundation, Chicago, an<
and Miss Gertrude Dieken, homemakers editor of Farm Journal magazine,
Philadelphia, are two of the featured speakers during the conference.
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During the Wednesday afternoon session, May 25, they will look ahead
at cooperative extension's functions and staff needs for the future.
Other featured speakers include Dr. Richard Bates, Lansing, Michigan,
physician, following the annual staff dinner Thursday evening, on the
topic "How to Have a Heart Attack," and Lyle H. Lanier, provost and
executive vice-president, University of Illinois, on "The University
and the Extension Programs of the Future, " during the Friday morning
session.
E. G. Mosbacher, McLean County farm adviser, Bloomington,
will conduct the summary of discussion group sessions on Friday morning
Final conference session will feature Director J. B. Claar of the
Illinois Cooperative Extension Service on the topic "Tuning Up for
Tomorrow."
Meetings of both the Illinois Home Advisers Association
and the Illinois State Association of Farm Advisers will be held on
Wednesday afternoon, followed by the farm advisers' dinner at 6:00 p.m.
in the Illini Union.
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5/17/66
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MEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
NIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
North America, One Of Remaining
Food Export Areas
URBANA — North America and Australia— New Zealand are the
only two remaining food-export areas in the world, a University of
Illinois agricultural economist points out.
Although a few years ago there were at least six major food-
pxporting areas, the faster growth of world population than food
production has reduced the food-surplus areas.
Robert Spitze notes that American agricultural exports have
now reached a record volume of $6.5 billion a year, one-fourth of all
U. S. exports. The upward trend shows that America is now sharing her
tremendous agricultural productivity with the foreign consumer by
expanding exports.
Spitze appraises the situation in this way:
The rise in American agricultural exoorts has come at a time
when the world, temporarily we hope, is losing it's capacity to feed
itself. Population is simply outrunning food production increases.
The astonishing record of rising production achieved by
American farmers since World rTar II hap been achieved with the same
amount of land in production. The number of farms has been cut in
half and less labor is being used, but the use of capital in the form
of machinery, feed, fertilizer, pesticides has increased greatly.
The entire record of production achievement rests on a use
of managerial knowledge by American farmers as demanding as that of
any large business.
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To continue to expand production as needed to meet domestic
and foreign demands, American farmers will need adequate amounts of
capital and continued scientific research to back up the technical
knowledge being applied to farming.
American agriculture must learn to unleash its productive
potential steadily and in balance with domestic population and export
needs if it is to avoid erratic prices, lagging incomes and periodic
financial problems.
Spitze spoke before the annual Illinois Production Credit
Fieldmen's Conference held recently on the University of Illinois
campus.
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HDGrbh
5/20/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
How Dangerous Are Pesticides?
URBANA — Now that the growing season is reaching full swing,
the antipesticide alarmist will spread the alarm that farmers and
homeowners are poisoning both wildlife and people. And a few careless
individuals will use pesticides recklessly and pay the price for their
carelessness.
Somewhere between these extremes, most Illinois residents
will realize that pesticides play an important role in the bountiful
harvest of high-quality food and feeds.
How dangerous are pesticides? As a cause of accidental death,
pesticides — on a national level — rank about the same as or lower than
aspirin. But in Illinois they are an even less important cause,
according to University of Illinois extension entomologist H. B. Petty,
with the Illinois Natural History Survey.
On the basis of a nine-year average, transportation accounts
for about 44 percent of accidental deaths on the national level. Fires
claim 7.3 percent; falls on stairs, about 3 percent; and firearms,
2.5 percent. Pesticides claim 0.16 percent, while petroleum products
and aspirin each claim 0.11 percent.
The figures for Illinois (1960-1964) are similar, motor
vehicles claiming 43 percent of accidental deaths; fires and explosions,
8 percent; falls on stairs, 2.9 percent; and firearms, 2.3 percent.
Aspirin claims 0.25 percent, petroleum products, 0.04 percent; and
pesticides, 0.05 percent.
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Illinois farmers and homeowners can improve even this good
record by reading and heeding the label on the pesticide container.
Chemical companies spend millions of dollars in research to insure the
insecticide's effectiveness and safe use. But carelessness in
application, storage or disposal can wreck a million-dollar program.
Most of the pesticide accidents occurring in Illinois take
place in the home where baits are used to control insect pests. A
foundation spray around the outside of the house will keep most insect
pests out. Petty suggests contacting your local U. of I. extension
farm adviser for details on foundation sprays.
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5/20/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Kammlade To Lead People-To-People Tour
URBANA — W. G. Kammlade, associate director emeritus of the
Cooperative Extension Service, University of Illinois College of
Agriculture, has been selected to lead, a tour of European countries in
August sponsored by the Goodwill People-to-People Travel Program.
Taking part in the tour will be a group of 31 prominent
Illinois farmers and agri-businessmen. They will observe farming and
marketing activities and study basic agricultural policies in Belgium,
Holland, Denmark, Russia, Hungary and West Germany.
The group will leave New York by plane on August 1 and will
return on August 22. They will spend about one-third of the time in
Russia, where they will visit Moscow and two or three other principal
agricultural areas.
Members of the tour group from 21 different counties include:
Champaign county, Clark E. Youmans, Ogden; Christian county, Lowell
Franklin, Morrisonville, F. Donald Garwood, Stonington, and Howard
Stephens, Sharpsburg; Cook county, Harold D. Bergman, Palatine;
DeKalb county, Ira E. Hamer, Kirkland; Earl Pritchard, Maple Park;
and Mahlon M. Sawyer, Waterman; DeWitt county, Virgil T. Harbach,
Clinton; and Karl K. Ives, Wapella.
Douglas county, Richard B. Fay, Atwood; Gaylord Gates and
John E. McCue, Tuscola; and Paul Hudson, Hindsboro; Edwards county,
William G. Perkins, Albion; Ford county, Earl E. DeWall, Melvin;
Grundy county, Henry Barschdorf, Jr., Ransom; and H. Allen Holler,
Mazon; Henderson county, Lee W. Jamieson and Page Randall, Sr . ,
Biggsville.
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Jefferson county, Forest A. Stewart, Texico; Kendall county,
Charles P. Lett, Piano; Knox county, Housel Roberts, Oneida; Lee county,
Warren Mynard, Amboy; Putnam county, Walter G. Griffith, McNabb;
Pulaski county, Ralph N. Taake, Jr., Ullin; Rock Island county, Will
Parks, Jr., Reynolds; Sangamon county, Edward W. Taylor, New Berlin;
Stephenson county, Donald E. Dietmeier, Ridott; Charles M. Rood-
house, Freeport; and Woodford county, Earl G. Irons, Congerville.
Kammlade recruited the participants at the request of the
Goodwill People-to-People Organization. His son, W. G. Kammlade, Jr.,
a member of the staff of the Animal Industries Division at Southern
Illinois University, Carbondale, will also be on the tour as assistant
delegation leader and host.
Goodwill People-to-People Travel Programs are designed to
develop better understanding among people of the various nations,
Kammlade reports. In addition to learning about agricultural policies
and procedures in the various countries, the Illinois group will visit
schools and. colleges, agricultural research activities and related
industries and share their own knowledge about United States agricul-
ture.
This mission is privately sponsored and organized under the
auspices of the National People-to-People Organization with head-
quarters in K?nsas City, Missouri, and Washington, D. C. Delegates
will pay costs of the tour.
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5/20/66
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MEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
NIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS '"
FOR RELEASE
WEDNESDAY P.M., MAY 25
Agriculture Must Adjust
To National Economic Growth
URBANA, May 25 — Today's challenge in agricultural education
is to help the agricultural industry make adjustments consistent with
national economic growth, according to Joseph Ackerman, director of
the Farm Foundation, Chicago.
Ackerman, speaking at the annual spring conference of
cooperative extension staff members at the University of Illinois this
afternoon (May 25), said that national income is now too great and the
anticipated changes in income spent for food are too low to permit
much increase in farm income through greater food production over the
next 20 years.
Agricultural education will need to shift its emphasis from
improving production techniques to the interrelationship of agricultur
with the rest of society, he said. Educational institutions need to
expand their investment in extending new techniques, he added, but mor
in terms of increasing total economic growth than of increasing farm
income alone.
Intelligent farm people will try as hard as they can to keep
pace with the educational, economic and social advances of the rest of
our society, he told the more than 450 members of the University of
Illinois Cooperative Extension Service. Income needs of farm families
will go up as they seek higher levels of living.
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Extension staff members, both state and county, will need to
give added attention to farm and home development and farm family
living as well as to farm operations, Ackerman added.
Well-educated extension personnel will need to help farm
families inventory their total resources, determine the productivity
of these resources, study ways to make improvements and plan specific
adjustments that will increase productivity and income.
However, the Cooperative Extension Service will almost cer-
tainly have to be increasingly concerned with problems that lie beyond
the farm fence, he added. The agricultural community has emerged from
one that depended almost entirely on farming to one that depends more
on the diversity of agri-industrial opportunities and is closely
related to urban and suburban economic and social life. Rural and
urban life have become so interwoven that we can no longer think of
the welfare of one sector without considering the developments in the
other.
Other speakers at the two-day conference include Gertrude
Dieken, women's editor, Farm Journal magazine, Philadelphia;
Dr. Richard Bates, physician, Lansing, Michigan; Lyle H. Lanier, prov-
ost and executive vice president, University of Illinois, Urbana;
Orville G. Bentley, dean of the U. of I. College of Agriculture; and
J. B. Claar, director of the Cooperative Extension Service.
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RAJ:bh
5/24/66
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IEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
VERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RWCEASE
Regulated Hours Of Light Start
Pullets Laying At Uniform Age
URBANA — University of Illinois poultry scientists have
developed a lighting program under which pullets hatched at any season
start to lay at the same age.
In uncontrolled situations pullets that reach maturity in
the spring start to lay at a younger age than do those that mature
during the fall. This is a physiological response to the trend in day
length. Age at the onset of egg production may vary as much as four
weeks seasonally.
Researchers say that some delay in the onset of egg produc-
tion is desirable because it increases size of eggs and length of
laying period. But excessive delays only tend to increase the cost
of bringing pullets to the point of lay.
The U. of I. lighting program supplements natural daylight
to give day-old chicks 20 1/2 hours of light per day. The amount of
light is decreased 1/4 hour per week until when chickens are 20 weeks
old they get 15 1/2 hours of light per day.
From 21 to 30 weeks, light is increased 1/4 hour per week
until it reaches a total of 18 hours a day. This level is then main-
tained.
Since maximum natural daylight at Urbana is 15 hours, this
schedule can be followed any time of year by adjusting time clocks,
poultry scientists say.
When this system is used, flocks of White Leghorn pullets
hatched at any season of the year reach a 10 percent rate of lay during
their 22nd week, 50 percent during their 25th week and 80 percent duiixns
their 27th week.
Such control over the rate of physiological development is
particularly desirable when pullets hatched at various seasons are used
for nutritional or other types of experiments, researchers say.
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5/27/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Illinois Farm Managers' Tour,
June 9-10
URBANA — The Illinois Society of Professional Farm Managers
and Rural Appraisers will hold their summer tour in the Jacksonville
area on June 9-10. The tour starts at Illinois College, Jacksonville,
at 9:30 a.m. on June 9, according to Fay Sims, University of Illinois
farm management specialist and society secretary.
On Thursday morning, the group will visit the Jim Rawlings anc
Jim Lonergan farms. At the Rawlings farm, they will see a 536-acre
tillable grain farm using minimum tillage and the latest production
methods. At the Lonergan farm, they will see a 404-acre livestock farm
producing 1,500 hogs and 40 to 120 cattle a year.
During the afternoon, they will visit the 500-acre Applebee
farm, where Ed Runge, University of Illinois agronomist, will discuss
the potential production of different soils. At this stop, the group
will divide into small groups to discuss ways to solve the management
and appraisal problems on this farm.
At a dinner Thursday evening, Norman J. Beatty, manager of
the tax department, Illinois State Chamber of Commerce, will discuss
the new revenue article proposal.
The Friday morning tour will include visits to the Longmoyer
cattle feedlots near Greenfield and the Anderson-Clayton food process-
ing plant in Jacksonville.
Anyone interested in professional farm management or apprais-
ing is invited to attend. More information is available from Fay Sims,
secretary-treasurer, 305 Mumford Hall, University of Illinois, Urbana.
Tour committee members include Eldon H. Greenwood, Illinois National
Bank, Springfield, chairman; E. H. Garlich, Elliott State Bank,
Jacksonville? William M. Gilmore, Roodhousej Hobart R. Hinder liter,
Rankin Farms, Jacksonville; Wayne Kern, Union National Bank of Macomb;
Walter L. Lamb, Federal Land Bank Assn., Pittsfield; Andrew L. Sauer,
Sauer Agricultural Service, Winchester; George W. Shafer, Farm Bureau
Farm Management Service, Jacksonville; and Wayne Tomlinson, Rushville.
HDGtbh "30~
5/27/55
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Selection Of Star State Farmer To Highlight
State FFA Convention June 14-16
URBANA — Five outstanding Illinois Future E'armers of America
remain in contention for the Star State Farmer Award. The winner will
be announced at the closing cession of the 38rh Annual State FFA Con-
vention, to be held June 14-16 in the University of Illinois Assembly
, Hall _ in Ur bana .
More than Z, 0Q0 FFA members will be on hand for the conven-
tion and the naming of the Star State Farmer. Finalists for the award,
the highest given each year by the Illinois Association FFA, are Milton
Spencei, Williarasfield? Lyle Roberts, Jr., Normal; Roger -Rutherford,
Virden; BillRutledge, Farmer City? and David Meyer, Nashville.
According to state FFA president Gary Organ, McLeansboro,
other -highlights of the convention will be the election of the new
state -officers, the presentation of state- awards and degrees and the
FFA Prepared Public Speaking Contest finals. Current state officers,
besides Organ, are vice-president, Eddie McMillan, Bushnell; secretary-
treasurer, John Lee, Wellington; and reporter, Bud Buss, Olney.
Featured speaker for the convention will be. Jaraes Stitzlein,
20V national FFA vice-president, from Ashton, Ohio. Stitzlein was Ohio
state FFA president before his election to national office.
Finalists who will compete on June 15 in the State FFA Pre-
pared Public Speaking Contest are Charles Bclbeare, Barry; Bruce E.
Cooper, Wapella; and Denis Naylor, Ashton.
About 325 FFA members will receive their State Farmer Degree,
the FFA' s highest state degree, on June 16. Other FFA members and
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chapters will receive special recognition and awards for their out-
standing programs.
The Illinois FFA will also present Honorary State Farmer
Degrees to 18 men with outstanding records of service to agriculture
and the FFA. They are Bob Robinson, Princeton, Midwest Farm Radio Net-
work; Bill Burke, Chicago, Santa Fe Railroad; Charles Vial, Chicago,
First National Bank; and Stan Lantz, Bloomington, Bloomington Panta-
graph.
Other men named to receive the degree are Irvin Johnson,
Chicago, Chicago Board of Trade; Orville Bentley, Dean, University of
Illinois College of Agriculture; Dale Butz, Bloomington, IAA; Benton
Bristol, Normal, Illinois State University; Norman Ehresman, Urbana,
University of Illinois; and Martin McMillion, Urbana, University of
Illinois.
Also named were John Sweeney, Springfield, Supervisor of
Agricultural Education; John Beaumont, Springfield, Director of Voca-
tional and Technical Education; Clarence Higginson, McLeansboro;
Franklyn Lee, Wellington; Paul Buss, Olney; Keith McMillan, Bushnell;
and two vo-ag teachers to be named.
IAA-sponsored entertainment for the June 14 evening program
will include Bert Rose and his orchestra, plus other top entertainment
personalities.
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6/3/66
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Cooperative Extension Service
College of Agriculture
University of Illinois
Extension Editorial Office
Urbana, Illinois
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Special to Selected Media
Seven Youths Receive Ag
Communications Scholarships
Seven Illinois youths have been named to receive agricultural
communications scholarships at the University of Illinois for the
1966-67 school year. The scholarships are provided by members of the
agricultural communications industry for Illinois youths who show in-
terest in and outstanding promise of contributing to that career field.
The winners, their home towns, amounts of stipends and names;
of the scholarships they won include Leslie J. Emken, Farmington, $300
Sulphur Institute Scholarship? Allan W. Frederick, Stockton, $300 E. H.
Brown Advertising Agency Scholarship; John T. Hundley, Louisville,
$400 Farm Journal Scholarship; James R. Middleton, Maple Park, $300
H. Howard Biggar Memorial Scholarship; Terrance W. Rathgebar, Carlin-
ville, $300 Deere and Company Scholarship; Earl E. Ringger, Gridley,
$300 Various Donors Scholarship? and Roger L. Rutherford, Virden, $300
Moorman Manufacturing Company Scholarship.
Other donors include the Chicago Board of Trade, Doane Agri-
cultural Service, Gardner Advertising Company, Laura Lane, Miller
Publishing Company, Watt Publishing Company and Midwest Farm Network.
At the university, the winners will prepare for work in such
areas as writing and editing farm publications, farm radio and tele-
vision broadcasting, agricultural public relations, advertising
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and photography. The agricultural communications study program is
offered by the College of Agriculture, in which the seven students will
be enrolled.
This is the second year the scholarships have been offered.
A growing gap between the supply of and demand for qualified men
prompted the joint effort to encourage ag communications careers.
During recent years there has been an average of six to eight job open-
ings per graduate.
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6/3/66
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Soil Conservation Society Plans
Summer Tour, June 24
URBANA — The Shoal Creek Watershed in Montgomery county will
be featured at the annual summer meeting of the Northern Illinois
Chapter of the Soil Conservation Society of America.
The meeting begins at 9:30 a.m. on June 24 at the 4-H park
in Butler, northwest of Hillsboro, according to Donald G. Smith,
chapter president and University of Illinois agricultural economist.
During the morning session, these speakers will describe the
watershed developments Elmer Frerichs, board member, Montgomery County
Soil and Water Conservation District? Joe Haas, engineer, the Soil Con-
servation Service; Lou Yeager, mayor of Litchfield; and William A.
Ginos, associate circuit judge of Hillsboro.
After a box lunch at the 4-H Park, the group will tour the
watershed area.
All persons who are interested in soil conservation and good
land use are welcome to attend this meeting. The tour was designed to
show what a watershed project such as this can mean to a local commu-
nity and how local leaders made it possible.
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6/3/66
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
NIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS \ '* 'T
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Rabies Not Limited To "Dog Days"
Nor To Dogs
URBANA — The "dog days" of August aren't here yet, but rabies
is already with us. University of Illinois extension veterinarian
Neil Becker says that rabies is not confined to the "dog days," but
is a problem throughout the year. Nor is rabies limited to dogs.
"Rabies in dogs has generally been controlled well in the
city by required vaccination, licensing and confinement regulations, "
Becker explains. "However, there are other animals in the city that
are not vaccinated or confined. The common house cat is perhaps one
of the most serious carriers.
"State law does not require the vaccination or confinement
of cats. Allowed to roam day and night, the cat is likely to come
into contact with other cats or animals that have the disease and
become infected."
Most rabies is transmitted by bite, because the rabies virus
is located in the salivary glands. Becker says that the bite injects
the virus along with the saliva into the wound. The virus travels up
the nerves, but does not cause any damage until it reaches the spinal
cord and brain.
Then we see characteristic rabies symptoms, such as madness,
incoordination and paralysis of the mouth that prevents the animal
from swallowing. Complete paralysis occurs soon after, and the animal
dies.
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Becker gives these suggestions to pet owners and parents:
Have your pet cat vaccinated, and keep it confined to your home and
yard. Caution your children not to play with stray cats or dogs. Tell
them not to try to catch wild animals.
Report to the police or local health authorities all cases
in which animals bite people or children. Report any stray cats or
dogs to the city humane society or dog pound.
If you or your child is bitten by an animal, contact your
family doctor immediately. Confine the animal if possible, but try not
to kill it. The series of shots for people bitten by suspected rabid
animals no longer causes many of the former side effects, because a
safer vaccine has been developed.
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6/7/66
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Fly Control In Beef Herds
Worth Extra $10 To You
URBANA — "You can earn an extra $10 on each head of beef
cattle you feed this year by just controlling flies, " says University
of Illinois agricultural entomologist Steve Moore. "Illinois studies
indicate that steers protected from horse fly attack over a 38-day
period gained 20 to 39 pounds more than unprotected steers."
Moore says a farmer's choice of a fly control program depends
upon the management system he uses — dry lot or pasture.
A dry lot fly control program should be based on good sani-
tation designed to eliminate fly breeding spots. Moore recommends
applying barn sprays to runoff drains, ceiling and walls. Cygon
(dimenthoate) , diazinon and Korlan (ronnel) are commercial fly prepa-
rations that will give control for two to five weeks. Moore says
there may be some resistance problems with diazinon and Korlan (ronnel).
You can use baits to supplement the sprays. Moore prefers liquid
spray baits to dry scatter baits.
Pasture control of flies can be achieved by spraying the
animals every three weeks with 1 to 2 quarts of a 0.5 percent toxaphene
water-diluted spray. This treatment will take care of most horn flies
and stable flies, says Moore.
Face flies can be controlled with hand oilers, using 5 per-
cent toxaphene in oil. Moore reminds cattlemen that there is a 28-
day waiting period before toxaphene-treated cattle can be marketed
for slaughter.
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According to Moore, the best fly control ever obtained in
Illinois was accomplished in a beef operation using an electric chute-
type sprayer. Each animal was sprayed two to four times a week with
1 to 2 ounces of 2.0 percent ciodrin in oil. The sprayer was installed
in a lane between the pasture and the watering area. The sprayer cost
$200, and the insecticide cost about $1.50 per head for the summer.
Although certain feed additives are useful in controlling
horn and face flies, Moore doesn't recommend their use, because the
spray method provides better protection against the flies.
Summer control of flies will help to prevent lice problems
in the winter. If louse control is needed, Moore recommends lindane and
malathion sprays over toxaphene because they will also control mange
mites. Controlling grubs on native cattle is not recommended because
of the low infestation levels.
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Corn And Bean Planting —
How Late Is Safe?
URBANA--With continued cold and wet weather keeping farmers
out of fields in some areas, many are asking, "How late may corn and
soybeans be planted?"
University of Illinois extension agronomist W. 0. Scott
hopes farmers have licked their planting problems by now, but gives
this information so that they will be alert to possible problems next
fall.
Assuming that the first killing frost will be at least as
late as the average for a given area, and that the temperature and
humidity in the fall are about normal, Scott suggests:
1. In northwestern Illinois, where the average date of the
first killing frost is before October 5, an early variety of corn
should have been used after May 25. Silo space should be available
for any corn planted after June 5. Such corn runs a definite risk
of getting caught by a freeze.
2. Where the average date of the first killing frost is
October 5 to 10, the shift to earlier varieties should have taken
place about June 1. The danger of "soft corn" — corn killed before it
reaches physiological maturity — becomes a risk if planting is delayed
beyond June 15.
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3. In the areas where the first killing frost is as late
as October 10-20, farmers can still switch to an early variety (about
June 10) . Soft corn becomes a threat when planting is delayed after
June 20-25.
4. In the remainder of the state, the shift to earlier
hybrids need not start until about June 15 or 20 and may continue
until July 1 or 5.
However, farmers planting at later than optimum dates should
expect lower yields, cautions Scott. A two-year (1964-65) study on
the Northern Illinois Experiment Field shows a drop from 136 bushels
to 109 bushels per acre when corn was planted on May 4 and June 4,
respectively. Last year at the U. of I. South Farm, corn planted on
April 30 produced 202 bushels per acre, while corn planted on May 31
made only 171 bushels. At Carbondale, corn planted on May 1 made
105 bushels; on June 1, 59 bushels; and on July 1, 53 bushels per
acre.
Southern Illinois farmers especially may want to switch from
corn to soybeans, provided they can use the latter crop. Illinois
farmers from the St. Louis area south might consider grain sorghum if
they can't use soybeans in their farming operations, suggests Scott.
A shift from corn to soybeans--depending on soil type and area of
the state — is worth considering whenever planting is delayed past
early June, he adds. The loss in yield from delayed planting is
proportionally greater for corn than for soybeans.
Corn planted on May 31 at Urbana last year produced only
75 percent as much as corn planted on April 30. But the average
1958-60 yield of Harosoy soybeans planted on June 1 at Urbana was
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equal to the yield of those planted on May 12. And the yield of
Harosoys planted on June 24 was 87 percent of the yield of those
planted on May 12. Soybeans respond to change in day length. The
rule of thumb is one day's delay in maturity for every three days'
delay in planting.
The adapted soybean varieties in a given area generally
yield much better than earlier varieties. Light frosts seldom
seriously reduce the yield of soybeans that are approaching maturity,
so Scott advises delaying the shift from the adapted to the early
variety as long as possible.
There is another reason for delaying the shift to early
varieties. Plant height is also influenced by day length. Late-
planted soybeans grow better than early-planted beans. Varieties
grow shorter when they are moved very far south of their area of
adaptation. Couple this with a delay in planting and dry weather,
and disappointment often results. So planting soybeans in central
and southern Illinois after July 5-10 isn't recommended even though
some of the earlier varieties will easily mature before the first
killing frost.
In northern Illinois, varieties with the maturity of
Harosoy should mature if planted by mid- June. Chippewa is a good
risk until June 30.
In north-central Illinois, varieties in Harosoy' s maturity
range usually mature before frost if planted as late as the last of
June.
Wayne and Shelby may be planted until late June and Harosoy
until July 5-10 in central Illinois.
In south-central Illinois, Wayne and Shelby may be planted
until July 5-10. In southern Illinois, Clark and Kent may be planted
until July 5-10. But remember weather limitations on late-planted
beans, Scott concludes.
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UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
UI Beef Specialists Answer
Questions About Urea
URBANA — Few cattle feed ingredients in history have
received as much attention as has been given to urea during the past
few years.
University of Illinois extension beef specialists Harry
Russell and Terry Greathouse note that a large share of the questions
they receive from cattle feeders deal with urea and its use. Here
are their answers to some of the most common questions asked about
urea:
What is urea, and how expensive is it?
Urea is a concentrated source of nitrogen — actually a high-
grade nitrogen fertilizer. Urea generally costs about $100 per ton,
depending upon location and volume.
What is the protein equivalent of urea?
The protein equivalent of 100 lb. of urea is 262% as
compared with 100 lb. of soybean meal at 44%. Each 100 lb. of urea
contains 42 lb. of nitrogen. Protein is about 16% nitrogen, so each
6 1/4 lb. of protein contains 1 lb. of nitrogen (100 ? 16 = 6.25) .
Thus the protein equivalent of 100 lb. of urea equals 42 x 6.25 — 262.
Recently urea has been manufactured containing 45% nitrogen
(45 x 6.25 - 281) .
Is 1 lb. of urea equal to 6 or 7 lb. of soybean meal?
No. Urea furnishes only nitrogen and contains no energy,
vitamins or minerals. Natural proteins furnish other nutrients,
especially energy, that are of value to cattle. To make 1 lb. of
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urea equal 6 or 7 lb. of soybean meal, you must mix it with some
quick source of energy, such as molasses or corn. Therefore, 1 lb.
of urea plus 6 lb. of corn equals 7 lb. of soybean meal.
How do you make the all-in-one high urea corn silage that I have
been hearing about?
Trials at Illinois with all-in-one high urea corn silage
have used a mixture of 1,500 lb. of corn silage, 16 lb. of urea
(42% nitrogen-" 262") , 5 lb. of trace-mineralized salt, 10 lb. of
feeding-grade limestone, and 469 lb. of ground shelled corn. This
makes a complete finishing ration for beef cattle.
Is it best to use protein supplements containing urea with low-grade
roughage rations?
No. A pound of protein from a supplement containing urea
is no better, and probably no worse, than a pound from natural
ingredients, such as linseed meal. This is true whether the roughage
is high quality, like corn silage, or low quality, like corncobs.
However, the supplement and ration must contain enough high-energy
feed for proper rumen bacterial action.
If urea is no better than other sources of protein, why use it?
Because it is cheap and offers a way of making beef cattle
supplements at a lower price. If you can buy a urea supplement cheap
enough to make a pound of protein cheaper than you can get in such
materials as soybean and linseed meal, it is a good buy (if fiber
content is not above 10%) . If the fiber content is 10% or more, it
is a good sign that the natural ingredients that were saved by using
urea were replaced with low-quality feeds.
How can I tell how much urea is mixed in a supplement?
Levels of urea in a feed may be quoted ass
a. Percent of urea in the feed. If the amount of urea is
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stated as percent, multiply this figure by 2.62 to determine the
"percent protein equivalent" furnished by the urea.
b. Percent of total protein furnished as urea. If the
urea level is stated as "percent protein equivalent furnished by
urea," divide this figure by 2.62 to determine how much urea was
used in the feed.
How is urea converted to protein?
The microorganisms in the rumen require protein for their
growth. They can manufacture the needed protein from the nitrogen
contained in urea when they have an adequate supply of readily
available carbohydrates. Urea does not furnish any carbohydrates;
therefore, urea should be mixed with high-energy feeds, such as grain
or molasses.
How should high-urea supplements be used in beef cattle rations?
Because urea is extremely soluble and its nitrogen becomes
available very quickly in the rumen, it is not well adapted to
periodic feeding. However, in a continuous feeding program (self-
feeding, etc.) when rations are adequate in energy, minerals and
vitamins, urea supplements should be utilized as well as soybean
meal.
Answers to questions about urea, vitamin A, protein
supplements, feed additives, cattle parasites, silage, feed
preparation and space and equipment for beef are available in the new
U. of I. booklet, "1966 Beef Cattle Management Suggestions." You can
get a copy from your farm adviser or from the U. of I. Department of
Animal Science, 328 Mumford Hall, Urbana, Illinois 61801.
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Six Illinois Students Win
Ag Communications Scholarships
URBANA — Six students majoring in agricultural communications
at the University of Illinois have been selected to receive $250
scholarships for the 1966-67 school year.
The scholarships are sponsored by the Chicago Board of
Trade for Illinois youths who show interest and outstanding promise
of contributing in that career field.
Those selected are David Althaus, sophomore from LaRose;
Larry Gutterridge, senior from Oakwood; Ronald Henrichs, junior from
Danforth; Kenneth Kahle, junior from Wauconda? Ron Scherer, senior
from Claremont? and Darrell Smith, sophomore from Mount Carroll.
At the university next fall, the students will continue
their study in farm radio and television broadcasting, agricultural
public relations, advertising, writing and editing of farm
publications, or photography. The agricultural communications study
program is offered by the College of Agriculture, in which they will
be enrolled.
This is the second year in which these scholarships have
been offered. The Chicago Board of Trade's support has allowed
participation by continuing students for the first time.
A growing gap between supply and demand for qualified men
prompted the effort to encourage ag communications careers. During
recent years there has been an average of six to eight job openings
per graduate.
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Higher Milk Supports Benefit Industry,
Cause Little Change In Consumer Prices
URBANA — Increasing government price supports on milk as
much as 25 cents per 100 pounds would be a sensible move and would
benefit the dairy industry, according to a University of Illinois
dairy marketing economist.
R. W. Bartlett says that the factors supporting such action
are a strong upward trend in consumer income, large export demand
for American farm products, high domestic demand for beef and other
products that compete with milk, and a relative decrease in milk
production.
The suggested price-support increase should not boost prices
to consumers, since manufacturing prices are already higher than the
suggested support price, Bartlett notes.
In the United States, roughly 60 billion pounds of milk
are used annually for fluid milk and other grade A products, Bartlett
says. Another 60 billion pounds are used in dairy products bought
at a manufacturing price.
One advantage of a higher support price for manufacturing
milk is that it would undergird the price of all dairy products. And
while the actual price for manufactured milk is slightly higher than
the support price would be with a 25-cent increase, supporting the
price at this level is more likely to insure a sufficient supply of
milk to meet market demands.
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In giving a background for the current milk situation,
Bartlett explains that the period from 1932 to 1966 may be divided
into three periods, as follows:
— Between 1932 and 1952, there was a definite upward trend
in milk prices.
— Between 1952 and 1964, milk prices were moving either
downward or laterally.
— Between 1964 and 1966, there has been a definite upward
trend in milk prices.
Since the end of World War II, the purchasing power of
consumer income in the United States has been increasing, Bartlett
points out. And on the basis of available facts, it is likely to
continue to increase during the next decade.
This increase has been accompanied by a corresponding or
even greater increase in the purchasing power of free Europe and
Japan. These countries are absorbing increasing quantities of
American farm products, so the economic base for both domestic and
foreign demand is strong. Although the volume of exported dairy
products is small, dairying is affected by the strong competition of
both domestic and foreign demand for other farm products, Bartlett
says.
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Seven Illinois Cows Topped
1,000 Pounds Butterfat in 1965
URBANA — For the first time in the 43-year history of the
Illinois 600-Pound Butterfat Club, the top seven cows exceeded 1,000
pounds of butterfat. And all of the top 10 produced more than 950
pounds, according to University of Illinois extension dairy scientist
J. G. Cash.
The highest producing cow was a registered Holstein owned
by Jim Beane of Godfrey. She produced 1,102 pounds of butterfat.
Other producers with cows in the top 10 were Mar-Ral Farm,
Algonquin; Clarence Becker, Alhambra; Lautenschlaeger Bros.,
Mascoutah; Rosewood Farm, Roselle; Louis Poehls, Belvidere;
Bonebright and Hutmacher, Freeport; Truman and Allene Pocklington,
Shipman; and Laverne Peterson, Sterling.
Cash says 4,480 cows owned by 999 different DHIA members
qualified for the club. One hundred five members owned 10 or more
cows that qualified.
Mayfair Management Company of Woodstock topped all herds /
with 52 cows that qualified with 600 or more pounds of butterfat
during a 305-day lactation.
Other owners with 25 or more cows that qualified were
Windy Knoll Farm, Crystal Lake, 49; Rolling Acres Farm, Elgin, 44;
Elmer Klenke, New Douglas, 39; Rosewood Farm, Roselle, 33; Clarence
Becker, Alhambra, 28; Edwin Walberg, Garden Prairie, 27; Calvin
Brothers, Rosamond, 26; Weldon and Leslie Long, Sterling, 26; and
Ralph Nichols and Son, Hebron, 26.
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The Illinois 500-Pound Butterfat Club was organized 43
years ago to focus attention on the many high-producing cows and
herds in the state. Because of improved production, the program was
changed to the Illinois 600-Pound Butterfat Club on January 1, 1959.
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6/21/66
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
State FFA Judging Contest Will
Be Held June 23 In Urbana
URBANA — About 1,500 Illinois farm boys will compete in the
State FFA Judging Contest in Urbana on June 23. The contest is
sponsored by the Illinois Association of Vocational Agriculture
Teachers.
According to IAVAT president John C. Baker, Bridgeport,
contest divisions to be judged include livestock, dairy, poultry and
grain. IAVAT directors in charge of divisions include Virgil Foster,
Henry, livestock; Charles Harn, Fairview, dairy; Max Grinnell,
Vandalia, poultry; and Charles Schettler, Wapella, grain.
University of Illinois College of Agriculture staff members
will select the winners in each division. The winning teams in the
contest will represent Illinois in the national FFA judging contests
this fall in Kansas City, Missouri, and Waterloo, Iowa.
Judging contests help to stimulate the vocational
agriculture student's interest in developing skills in proper
selection of livestock, poultry and grain. These contests enable the
boys to put classroom instruction into practice.
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
What Farmers Should Expect From Lenders
URBANA — Today's farmer without ready capital faces the same
disadvantage as one without adequate land or adequate labor, according
to Harold Primm, general manager of Agricultural Business Service
Company, Bloomington.
No longer is borrowing looked upon as a step down the
economic ladder, Primm stated. Some very successful farmers are never
out of debt, they don't intend to be and their debt grows as their net
assets and net worth grow. Borrowing pays if the money can be invested
to earn more than the interest on the loan.
Speaking at the recent PCA Fieldmen's Conference at the
University of Illinois, Primm listed these main points that a farmer
should expect from lenders with whom he does business:
He should expect the type of loan to fit his needs — short
term, intermediate term or long term. Sometimes he may need a special
type of loan.
He should expect a repayment plan to fit his needs. Payments
should come due after harvest, or after sale of livestock. He should
not be saddled with outmoded or unrealistic repayment plans.
He should expect to be treated as a businessman, receiving
confidential and courteous consideration. He appreciates doing
business with an agriculturally trained credit man, one who knows
farming as well as finance.
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He should expect a fair and competitive interest rate. He
should expect to pay interest only on the amount of money he uses and
for the actual period that he borrows it. A good lender will not
wait until repayment time and then tell a farmer how much interest
he owes. He will show his customer how the interest is figured, and
how the charges might have been higher if figured in some other way.
He should expect help over tight spots. Farming is a risky
business, and there will be some bad times as well as good.
He should expect one-source credit and one-stop service.
And there may be times when he may need help in emergencies outside
regular office hours.
He should expect a line of credit with a maximum amount he
can borrow as he needs it.
He should expect a thorough check on his collateral and on
his farming operation as he plans to carry it out.
He should expect sound counseling. The lender should go over
the credit application with his farmer customers, as well as everything
else that might affect the loan. He should also expect advice and
counsel on estate planning. If a lender does not feel qualified to
give advice, he should suggest people who can help plan the transfer
of the farm estate to the next generation.
He should expect treatment as an individual — not like
everybody else. Farming is an individual business, and credit for
each operator will depend on his special circumstances, his ability
to use credit and his prospects for success.
At the same time, Primm emphasized, lenders should expect
farmers to keep them informed of any important changes in their farm
operation and also to keep good farm business records.
While we used to borrow for a rainy day, now we borrow for
an umbrella, Primm concluded.
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UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
UI Researches Cost Of Converting
Gasoline Tractors To LP-Gas
NOTE TO EDITORS: See AGRI-PIX for photo to accompany this article.
URBANA — University of Illinois research just completed
showed a cost of $350 to convert a gasoline tractor to LP-gas and
still maintain maximum horsepower.
"The conversion could have been made for as low as $270 by
making only the basic changes needed on the tractor," explains ag
engineer Marvin Janssen.
"The basic conversion kit includes an LP-gas, carburetor,
fuel regulator, tank, fuel filter and spark plugs. However, to
maintain maximum horsepower, we also had to replace the regular
pistons with high-altitude pistons."
Janssen notes that high-altitude pistons boost compression
up to the 9:1 ratio needed for maximum LP tractor power. Without the
new pistons, maximum power would be about 12 percent below that of
the gasoline tractor before conversion.
"An intermediate step costing about $290 would be to make
the basic necessary changes — carburetor, regulator, tank, fuel filter
and spark plugs — and replace the modified gasoline-manifold with an
LP-manifold, " Janssen explains. "The LP-manifold costs about $20,
and our tests showed that fuel efficiency would be higher than with
the modified gasoline-manifold."
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U. of I. ag engineers note that a number of considerations
beyond cost of conversion are important in deciding whether to switch
to LP-gas.
"Storage facilities needed for LP-gas and the relative price
difference between it and gasoline are two important factors, "
Janssen explains. "If you already have some storage space because
you use LP for home heating, for a crop dryer or for water heaters,
your decision to switch the tractor to LP will be easier than if this
storage is not available."
In considering relative price for the two fuels, Janssen
says a rough rule of thumb is that LP-gas will compete economically
with gasoline if the price per pound of the two fuels is equal.
Gasoline weighs 6.1 pounds per gallon. LP-gas weighs 4.25
pounds per gallon. Therefore, LP-gas generally has to cost about
13 cents per gallon to compete with gasoline at about 18 cents per
gallon. LP tractors consume about 1.25 times as much fuel per hour
as gasoline tractors.
Hours of use per year and. the number of those hours that
will be under heavy or maximum load also figure in a decision to
convert to LP-gas.
"The heavier the load, the higher the fuel consumption, "
Janssen explains. "If LP-gas is saving you 5 cents per gallon over
gasoline, the more gallons you plan to use, the more justification
you have for switching to LP."
U. of I. researcher J. A. Weber notes that some conversions
involve a large increase in the size of the carburetor venturi. This
change will boost maximum horsepower slightly. But it will also alter
the lugging characteristics of the tractor. U. of I. researchers
recommend switching to an LP-carburetor rather than remodeling a
gasoline carburetor.
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Weber notes that, although repair costs should be less for
the LP-gas than for the gasoline tractor, the difference is less than
might be expected.
"That's because the engine, where most of the savings
occur, is responsible for only about half of the total repair costs, "
Weber explains. "Repairs on hydraulic systems, tr?nsmissions and
tires should be equal for the two tractor types."
Studies show that over a ten-year period LP-gas tractors
should have one less major piston, piston ring and sleeve overhaul
than gasoline tractors. Spark plug life would be longer on the LP-
gas tractor, but servicemen generally agree that the rest of the
ignition system must be in better shape to get satisfactory LP-gas
operation.
U. of I. ag engineers stress that maintenance practices
followed by the owner have a great deal more to do with repair
costs than the type of fuel.
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UI Research Shows Uneven Milking Intervals
Have Little Effect On Total Milk Production
NOTE TO EDITORS: See the AGRI-PIX for table to accompany this article.
CORVALLIS, Ore. — University of Illinois dairy research shows
that dairymen can milk at intervals as unequal as 9 and 15 hours with
no more than a 2 to 3 percent drop in production of cows at peak
lactation.
"Uneven milking intervals showed no effect on milk production
for cows studied over a complete lactation, and no effect on butterfat
percentage for either peak production or complete lactation.
"The study indicates that milking at uneven intervals is
economically feasible. And it gives the dairyman much more
flexibility in his total farming operation, " dairy scientist S. L.
Spahr reported here this week during the annual meeting of the American
Dairy Science Association.
"As a result of the research, we have changed our milking
hours for the U. of I. herd from a 4:00 a.m. and 3:30 p.m. schedule
to a 6:00 a.m. and 3:30 p.m. schedule," he explained. "Since the
change, we've found no noticeable production difference that we can
attribute to milking interval."
Spahr cited two U. of I. tests aimed at studying the effects
of uneven milking intervals.
The first test included two complete lactations for 82
cows. Researchers milked the cows at 12-12-hour intervals during
one lactation and 9-15-hour intervals during the other one. There
were no significant production differences.
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"We conducted a second study to find the effect of unequal
milking intervals on cows at peak production, " Spahr explained.
In that test, U. of I. researchers selected 20 Brown Swiss
and Holstein cows producing at least 55 pounds of milk daily. They
tested all cows on both 12-12-hour and 9-15-hour intervals. Results
are shown in the table. (EDITORS: SEE AGRI-PIX.)
"The cows averaged 72.38 pounds of milk daily while being
milked at 12-12-hour intervals and 70.37 pounds when they were milked
at 9-15-hour intervals, " Spahr said. "The production difference of
about 2 pounds of milk daily was statistically significant."
"However, neither fat percentages nor milk fat yield
differences were significant for the two milking intervals. Fat
percentages were 3.69 for the 12-12-hour interval and 3.70 for the
9-15-hour schedule.
The study showed that the milk fat percentage of individual
milkings was markedly affected by the milking interval. Milk obtained
after the long interval contained 3.23 percent fat. Fat rose to
4.42 percent after the 9-hour interval.
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
1966 Aq College Graduates Report
$6, 572 Average Starting Salaries
URBANA — Average starting salaries reported by 1966 University
of Illinois College of Agriculture gra^u- tes set a rew hjgh, according
to Warren K. Vessels, assistant dean.
The average annual salary reported by June graduates was
$6,572 compared with §6,109 in 1965 *.nd $5,911 in 1964.
However, only graduates taking full-time employment are
included in thi i salary survey, Wessels points out. It does not
include those going into graduate school or military service.
Among the 131 men and two women who completed their B. S.
degrees in agriculture, about 47 percent decided to do graduate work
or additional study in other fields. Military service claimed 21
percent of the graduating class. Agricultural business and industry
employed 10 percent. Vocational agriculture teaching attracted 8
percent of the class. U. S. government agencies and miscellaneous
jobs each took 4 percent. Four percent were still undecided at the
time of the survey.
This year, as in recent years, the demand for agricultural
college graduates was much greater than the number of qualified
people to fill these jobs, Wessels reports.
-30-
HDG;pg
7/1/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
UI Specialists Report Economics
Of Egg Processing On The Farm
URBANA — Most of the economies of scale in processing eggs
on the farm occur by the time flock size reaches 25,000 layers,
according to research by University of Illinois agricultural
economists.
A recent study showed that processing costs fell from 7.02
cents to 4.84 cents per dozen eggs as flock size increased from 1,000
to 25,000 layers. As flock size expanded from 25,000 to 100,000 layers,
processing costs declined only an additional 0.66 cent per dozen.
Estimated costs of delivering eggs decreased from 7.0 cents
to 0.5 cent per dozen as flock size increased from 1,000 to 100,000
birds.
Producers with 100,000 layers made a return to management
of 3.7 cents per dozen by processing and delivering eggs rather than
selling them to wholesalers. Comparable returns for producers with
1,000 layers were -1.0 cent per dozen. But the smaller producer
could get a management return of 1.6 cents per dozen by reusing egg
cartons and making egg deliveries in a general-purpose vehicle instead
of buying a special vehicle for this purpose.
The research also showed that Illinois egg producers with
fewer than 2,800 layers market a greater proportion of eggs direct to
retailers and consumers than do producers with larger flocks. But
the data suggest that direct marketing activities increase again as
flock size expands beyond 25,000 layers.
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Add UI Specialists Report Economics - 2
In carrying out the study, the economists obtained equipment
cost data from manufacturers of egg-processing equipment and
interviewed a sample of producers who market eggs direct to retailers
and consumers. Then they developed synthetic models of seven egg-
processing plants designed to handle the eggs from seven distinct
flock sizes ranging from 1,000 to 100,000 layers. Cost of processing
eggs in each of the seven plants was then determined.
A description of the models and data on costs of processing
eggs on the farm should be of particular value to producers who are
considering adding egg-processing operations to their egg production
enterprises, researchers believe.
-30-
JAPtbg
7/1/66
I: ■ ■ '
NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
tT'fii
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Proposed Federal Milk Orders
Are Desirable, Economist Says
URBANA- -Federal milk order regulations proposed for 13
counties in Illinois and an extension of the St. Louis suburban milk
order to 30 additional Illinois counties would be desirable to round
out milk pricing under federal orders in the state, according to a
University of Illinois dairy marketing economist.
R. W. Bartlett says that more than three decades of milk
pricing in Illinois show that:
— Federal milk orders have helped to insure integrity in
milk pricing to distributors in distributing proceeds to producers.
— Even while operating under decreasing or even prices
during much of the 1952-64 period, federal orders have helped to
stabilize the marketing of milk where they have been used.
Federal orders have responded to a recent decrease in milk
production by increasing milk prices enough to insure consumers an
adequate supply of milk, Bartlett says. Higher milk prices have been
necessary to maintain milk production in competition with high meat
and grain prices and increased demand for labor.
In June 1966 the average milk price in more than 100 manu-
facturing plants in Minnesota and Wisconsin was $4.65 per 100 pounds
of milk. This price was 45 cents, or a cent a quart, higher than
that of a year earlier.
-more-
Add Proposed Federal Milk Orders - 2
Bartlett explains that Grade A milk for fluid markets com-
petes with milk manufactured into butter, cheese and frozen dairy
desserts. When prices for these products increase, milk prices must
also increase. In addition, Class I prices in most markets have been
increased at least 22 cents per 100 pounds. The increase in prices
to producers thus represents an increased cost of about 1 1/2 cents
a quart.
The proposed federal orders for central Illinois and for
the St. Louis suburban order will tend to keep Class I prices in
those areas in line with Chicago prices. While Chicago is temporarily
operating without an order, it is expected to be back under federal
regulation within a few months, Bartlett says.
The 13 counties in the proposed central Illinois order are
Cass, Ford, Fulton, Knox, Livingston, Marshall, Mason, McDonough,
Peoria, Stark, Tazewell, Warren and Woodford. Population in these
counties totals about 600,000.
The 30 additional counties in the proposed St. Louis
suburban order are Champaign, Christian, Clark, Clay, Coles, Crawford,
Cumberland, DeWitt, Douglas, Edgar, Edwards, Effingham, Hamilton,
Jasper, Lawrence, Logan, Macon, McLean, Menard, Morgan, Moultrie,
Piatt, Richland, Saline, Sangamon, Shelby, Vermilion, Wabash, Wayne
and White.
-30-
JAP:pg
7/19/66
■ . I '.../' ' • ' • ' .
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Good Corn Crop
Still Possible
URBANA--A good corn crop — by any standards except the last
two record-breaking years--is possible for 1966, but the next two
weeks will tell the story, report University of Illinois extension
agronomists S. R. Aldrich and W. 0. Scott.
The U. of I. agronomists have just completed a statewide
inspection of the state's cornfields. Here's what they found:
Despite late planting--especially in the southern half of
the state — corn is tasseling about on schedule, but slightly behind
the most recent years. South of Mattoon, tasseling will generally be
much later because wet fields held up planting this spring. The
most crucial time for corn — the pollination period — should occur in
the northern half of the state in the next 10 to 14 days — soon after
August 1. Normal weather, including adequate rainfall, during this
period would still mean that Illinois farmers could harvest a good
corn crop. But they should be prepared, to accept much less than the
state's record-breaking 92-bushel average attained last year, the
agronomists caution.
Probably because of wet fields this spring, the corn crop
shows more variation in size than usual. Stands also vary — especially
in early-planted fields — again because of wet conditions this spring.
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Add Good Corn Crop - 2
The area of greatest moisture stress appears to be in a
strip about 60 miles wide from Champaign to Springfield to St. Louis.
Within this area, the condition and size of corn vary greatly, depend-
ing on date of planting and other management practices.
Apparently high amounts of fertilizer, especially nitrogen,
has made corn more tolerant to dry weather than it previously was.
This year's dry weather is comparable to that of 1936, 1954 and 1955.
But even where corn needs moisture desperately, the crop isn't yellow-
ing as it has in the past, says Aldrich.
-30-
JJT:pg
7/22/66
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
U. OF I. RESEARCH BRIEFS
Value Of A Good Bull
A study of bulls used in four Illinois beef performance
testing herds indicates what kind of return you can expect from the
extra money you have to invest in a good bull.
For example, 205-day adjusted weights for offspring from
six bulls used in one of the herds showed a difference of 65 pounds
per calf between the high and the low sire average.
Multiply that difference by 25 cents a pound. The result
is $16.25 more per calf for the bull with the high sire average. When
the figures are carried a step further to assume 25 calves per bull,
the best bull in this herd is worth at least $406.25 more than the
poorest bull.
Differences in sire averages among the best and poorest bulls
in the other three herds studied were 30, 97 and 100 pounds per calf.
-30-
Check Boar Performance
When you go to buy that new boar, remember that his per-
formance will have to be substantially superior to your herd average
if he's going to improve your stock.
Since the boar's offspring will be gilts and barrows,
they'll be about 1/2 inch shorter, have about 1/4 inch more backfat,
reach 200 pounds about two weeks later than the boar did and require
about 40 pounds more feed to produce 100 pounds of gain.
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■
Add U.I. Research Briefs - 2
Economists Study Chicago Markets
To Help City With Urban Renewal
Chicago, long the paramount marketplace of the Midwest, is
being studied by University of Illinois agricultural economists to
help city officials draft an urban renewal program for wholesale food
facilities.
Economists will investigate present physical facilities; the
number and kinds of firms that process, store and wholesale food; and
commodity flows.
Preliminary research of the Chicago situation reflects the
trend away from terminal marketing. In 1952, for example, about 2,000
cars of fresh fruits and vegetables were received at one major rail-
road point. But in 1961 this volume had decreased to between 400 and
500 cars annually.
In 1952 about 6.7 million head of cattle, calves, hogs and
sheep were received at Chicago. By 1961 the volume had declined to
4 million head.
In 1954 butter receipts reached a peak of 304 million pounds,
but 1959 receipts totaled only 208 million pounds. Cheese receipts
decreased from a peak of 139 million pounds in 1953 to 53 million
pounds in 1959. But produce milk receipts increased 9.4 percent,
from 2, 784 million pounds to 3, 646 million.
Economists hope that this study will reveal useful informa-
tion for planning the location, type and size of new market facilities.
-30-
HDNtJAPspg
7/22/66
■
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I
NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Logan County Swine Farm Selected
For State Farm Management Tour
URBANA — The Wilbur and Carl Paulus farm, six miles northwe st
of Lincoln, has been selected for the state farm management tour on
September 7. The farm features a highly profitable confinement hog
raising facility and a modern grain handling and feed processing plant
with 60, 000-bushel capacity.
Wilbur Paulus was one of seven 1964 winners of the Superior
Swine Producer Award, sponsored by the Illinois Pork Council and the
University of Illinois Cooperative Extension Service.
Visitors will see a remodeled nursery building, a time-
tested confinement finishing building with partial slotted floor er.d
weighing and loading facility, and a pneumatic conveyor system for
efficient feed handling.
The farm also has a cattle-feeding enterprise with cap-city
for 260 head per year.
New cropping practices and machinery have been introduced
to save labor and get top production value per man. This year Paulus
shifted to 30-inch corn rows with an eight-row planter arid four- row
harvesting equipment. He is now considering the use of a Fricidome
storage and drying unit. This unit, which use-3 frigid air to cool
25,000 bushels of wet corn, would save Paulus the storage capacity to
keep the corn moving as fast as it came from the field.
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Add State Farm Management Tour - 2
This 663-acre, 2 1/2-man farm has $33 more costs per acre
than similar farms, but $49 more returns. Farm management specialists
predict that the efficient, profitable hog production demonstrated on
this farm suggests the blueprint for 1975 farming.
The tour is sponsored by the Illinois Farm Bureau Farm
Management Service and the U. of I. Cooperative Extension Service.
Extension specialists and farm management fieldmen will be present to
discuss this farm operation.
The farm is located 1.7 miles north of the junction of
U. S. 66 and Illinois 121 at Lincoln, two miles west, one mile north
and one mile west. If you want to attend the pork-chop barbecue, make
reservations with your farm adviser.
-30-
HDG:pg
7/26/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Kane County Farm Featured
On Northern Farm Management Tour
URBANA — A father-son partnership farm business has been
selected for the northern Illinois district farm management tour on
August 31. Donald and Eldon Gould, whose farm lies 3 1/2 miles south
of Elburn, 4.3 miles west and one mile north, will host the tour be-
ginning at 1:15 p.m.
Visitors will see and hear how Eldon, a University of Illi-
nois agriculture graduate, entered into partnership with his father
and how they are now making decisions about the best way to develop
and expand their corn and hog enterprises.
Some of these decisions involve the harvesting, feeding or
marketing of their expanding corn output. The Goulds have been rais-
ing 100 litters of hogs a year and have now made plans to expand to
180 litters.
Last year they built a new confinement, slotted floor, con-
trolled ventilation farrowing house. They are also considering a
finishing building if their farm records continue to show that hogs
are profitable for them.
The Goulds will produce 540 acres of corn and 160 acres of
beans this year. To do this they have used the latest fertilization
and weed control practices. Part of the tour will feature a discussion
of harvesting, drying, storing and marketing choices for their grain.
Discussion leaders include E. E. Golden, DeKalb county farm adviser?
Frank Andrew, U. of I. agricultural engineer? and R. B. Schwart,
U. of I. farm management specialist.
-more-
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Add Kane County Farm Featured - 2
William R. Oschwald, U. of I. extension soils specialist,
will discuss soil types and yield capability. D. F. Wilken, U. of I,
farm management extension specialist will summarize the management
lessons to be learned from the farm.
The tour is sponsored by the Northeastern Illinois Farm
Bureau Farm Management Association and the U. of I. Cooperative Ex-
tension Service. All interested persons are invited to attend.
-30-
HDGrpg
7/26/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Management Tour Features
Montgomery, Christian County Farms
URBANA — Two well-managed and efficient farms, a dairy opera-
tion southwest of Pana and a grain farm east of Harvel, have been
selected for the southern district farm management tour on August 30.
The Clavin brothers dairy farm, four miles west, three miles
south and 1 1/2 miles west of Pana, will be featured on the morning
stop. Beginning at 10 a.m., visitors will see this 370-acre farm with
a 140-cow herd that averaged 14,500 pounds of milk per cow last year.
The operators use a drylot feeding system. Other interesting features
include the feeding-materials handling system, free stalls and manure
handling methods, the holding pen, and the equipment for producing
and handling roughage.
The Clavins have achieved an outstanding record, surpassing
similar farms with $62 more value of product per acre and only $26
more cost. Facilities and management practices used on this farm
suggest a "blueprint for 1975, " according to University of Illinois
farm management specialists.
Farm management fieldmen, farm advisers and U. of I. ex-
tension dairy specialists will be present to answer questions.
At 1:30 p.m. the tour moves to the Robert Seifert — J. G.
Lockwood farm, 1 1/4 miles east of the water tower in Harvel. On this
700-acre grain operation, visitors will see how Seifert has averaged
135 bushels of corn, 39 bushels of soybeans and 49 bushels of wheat
for the past three years. They will also see a farm with nearly three
times more management returns than on similar farms.
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Add Management Tour Features - 2
Operator Seifert and owner Lockwood have shared in the
investment of grain handling and storage facilities that includes
32, 000-bushel capacity bin storage and a 50-foot elevator leg for
grain drying and handling.
William R. Oschwald, U. of I. extension soils specialist,
will discuss soil type and yield capability of soils on this farm.
The tour is sponsored by the Lincoln Farm Bureau Farm Manage-
ment Association and the U. of I. Cooperative Extension Service. All
interested persons are invited to attend.
-30-
HDG:pg
7/26/66
NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS \T )
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Farm Editors Research Report
UI Tests Solar Heating
In Swine Confinement Buildings
(EDITOR'S NOTE: See July Agri-Pix for photos to accompany this story.)
URBANA — Three confinement swine buildings in western Illinois that
feature solar-heated ventilation systems have successfully withstood the rigors
of two winters and a typically humid midwest summer. All indications are that
they may be the forerunners of many confinement buildings of the future.
University of Illinois agricultural engineer Marvin Hall says the solar-
heated buildings reduce winter heating costs and insulation costs. He believes
the heat saved in one winter can more than pay the extra costs of building the
solar collector into confinement buildings.
"In our tests, approximately 14,1+00 BTU of heat normally lost per hour
through the ceiling was picked up and returned to the building through the venti-
lation system," Hall explains.
"A heat study run in one of the solar houses from January 28 through
February 28 showed an average inside temperature of 66° F. and 53 percent relative
humidity. During the same period, average outside temperature was 27° F. and the
relative humidity was 30 percent."
After subtracting heat from hogs and heat produced by an auxiliary LP-
gas boiler, U. of I. researchers figured that the solar heating unit was producing
approximately 195,^00 BTU per hour on a 2^-hour average during the 30-day test.
-more-
-2-
With LP -gas at 10 cents a gallon, it would have cost about $188 for
the LP boiler to maintain the test environment in a similar building without
solar heat construction. Heat gained from solar radiation cut the total furnace
fuel bill to $70.
"Of course, we maintained a much better environment in this building
than you will find on any farm I know about," Hall explains. "Savings would vary
with the type of environment maintained in the building."
Three on-the-farm swine buildings were used in the solar heating tests.
One was a 26 x 80 foot farrowing unit for 26 sows. The other two were 32-foot-
wide nursery-finishing buildings, one 112 feet long and the other ll+2 feet long.
Key ingredients of the solar heating systems are corrugated steel roof-
ing, an air collection duct in the center of the roof, and an air distribution
duct that runs the length of the roof peak.
When the ventilation unit is in operation, air is always pulled perpen-
dicularly to the corrugations to pick up as much radiant heat as possible from the
steel roofing.
"Fans pull air in from gable ends of the building and draw it under the
entire roof area into the central collection duct," Hall explains. "The air flows
to the duct through a 1 5/8-inch gap that 2 x k inch purlins create between the
rafters and the corrugated steel roofing.
"We've placed three inches of fiberglass insulation on the ceiling
between the 2x8 inch rafters, leaving seven inches of space for air to be warmed
by the sun."
Fans mounted in the distribution duct pull the warm air along the duct
and force it down into the building. It is exhausted through automatic gravity-
type shutters mounted in the side walls.
-more-
-3-
During the night and on cloudy days, a gas -fired hot -water boiler supple-
ments the solar air system. Two rows of plastic pipe laid in the concrete circulate
the hot water through the floor. Two rows of 3/^-inch galvanized pipe fastened to
the metal ceiling also heat the air and radiate heat directly onto the hogs.
For summer ventilation, the producers simply reverse the duct fans and
"blow air out under the roof. They can also open sidewall panels that run the
length of the building. Researchers believe the ventilation system's summer cool-
ing features may prove as important as its winter heat-saving capabilities.
Hall says the maximum solar heating temperature rise recorded for air
entering the building was hk degrees. At that time (3:00 p.m.) the outside air
temperature was 10° F. There was a complete snow cover on the ground and a bright
sun. Solar heating alone boosted the inside temperature to $k F.
"The minimum temperature rise was 1^ degrees," Hall explains. "On that
day there was no snow cover at 3:00 p.m. and the outside temperature was 28° F."
Outside temperature seems to have little effect on the amount of heat
gained from the steel roofing. Important factors are light intensity and wind
velocity. Studies to date indicate that building orientation has little effect
on either winter heating or summer cooling.
-30-
HEN:pg
8/2/66
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Farm Editors Research Report
Lamb Chops That Look Like Pork Chops
(EDITOR'S NOTE: See July AGRI-PIX for photo to accompany this story.)
URBANA — In the meat case, lamb chops have suffered in comparison with
pork chops. They are so much smaller. And that isn't surprising. After all,
we are comparing a lamb chop cut from an animal weighing 85 pounds with a pork
chop cut from an animal weighing 200 pounds. Why, then, don't we slaughter lambs
at heavier weights?
The custom of the market for many years has been to kill lambs weighing
85 to 100 pounds. Heavier weights tended to run fat. Too much fat then had to
be trimmed.
But lamb management, breeding and feeding have changed. Lambs today
gain more than twice as fast as the lambs of ton years ago. This means heavier
weights on relatively young lambs. Why not slaughter, then, at 150 or 175 pounds?
Sheep resenrcher Jack Lewis says that such a practice would more than
double ths amount of lamb meat produced without increasing ewe numbers. Packers
cou'd double their output with essentially the same equipment and work force. The
economies are obvious.
The .'i^stion remains: Will today's lamb yield the desired quality of
carcass when slaughtered at these heavier weights?
-more-
Add Lamb Chops That Look Like Pork Chops - 2
Researchers at the University of Illinois are trying to find out. They're
feeding early -weaned lambs modern rations for fast gains. Periodically the lambs
go into the Kk. counter, a research device that uses radioactive isotopes to
measure the degree of meatiness in live animals. Further carcass checks will be
made as lambs are slaughtered at weights of 50, 75, 100, 125, 150 and 175 pounds.
Lewis says a 150-pound lamb should yield about 90 pounrs of carcass
compared with a yield of about 50 pounds for a 100-pound lamb.
-30-
HAC:HDN:pg
8/2/66
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Illinois Farm Youth Named
FFA Regional Star Farmer
URBANA — A 20-year-old Illinois farm youth has been named FFA Regional
Star Farmer for the 13-state central region by the national FFA organization. He
is Gary Organ of McLeansboro, who is the immediate past president of the Illinois
Association of Future Farmers of America.
Organ is only the fourth Illinois FFA member to receive the regional
title in the past 35 years. His path to the regional title started with his being
named the outstanding American Farmer Degree candidate at the State FFA Convention
in June. Top candidates from 13 central states competed for the title, which
includes a $500 cash award plus the right to compete for the national title.
Regional winners from New York, Mississippi and Washington will compete
with Organ for the title of Star Farmer of the United States. The winner will be
announced on October 13 at the National FFA Convention in Kansas City, Missouri.
Organ operates a 990-acre grain and livestock farm with the help of his
grandfather and one hired man. Convinced that there is still plenty of opportunity
in agriculture, Organ points out that he started with one beef heifer. He bought
this heifer with money he received from the sale of a pony he had won at the
county fair. He now owns a half interest in an 80-cow Aberdeen-Angus herd and has
his sights set on an annual production of 1,200 head of swine. His advice to young
men starting out in farming is "to use common sense and keep good records."
Besides being president of the Illinois FFA, Organ has served as a member
of the Hamilton County Fair Board, as a member of the Aberdeen-Angus Breed Associa-
tion and as president of the Farm Bureau Young People's Committee.
-30-
GAK:pg
8/2/66
JULY 1966
NUMBER 7
Extension Editorial Office
University of Illinois
College of Agriculture
Urbana, Illinois
J-1--HERE'S HOW SUN-HEATED VENTILATING AIR
moves through and warms a confinement swine building
developed by Illinois ag engineers. Ventilating fans
pull air in from gable ends of the building and draw it
under the corrugated steel roof into a central collection
duct. The air then enters a distribution duct and is
blown down into the building. The system has warmed
ventilation air by as much as 44° F. on cold and sunny
winter days.
J-2--OUTSIDE VIEWof 32 x 112 foot solar heated swine
finishing building.
J-3--THIS K-40COUNTER HELPS ILLINOIS
RESEARCHERS study whether they can feed lambs be-
yond the usual 85 to 105 pound slaughter weight and still
maintain carcass quality. Meatier carcasses in heavier
lambs may be possible now since today's lambs gain
more than twice as fast as lambs did just 10 years ago.
The counter uses radio-active isotopes to measure the
degreeof meatinessin live animals. Some lambs inthe
test will be fed to weights of 150 and 175 pounds.
-more-
NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Illinois DHIA Herds Average
11,960 Pounds Milk; 456 Pounds Butterfat
URBANA — Dairy cows enrolled in Illinois Dairy Herd Improve-
ment record-keeping programs outproduced the average of all cows in
the state during the year ending in April by about 3,000 pounds of
milk.
More than 70,000 cows in the 1,344 DHIA herds completing at
least one year on test in April averaged 11,960 pounds of milk and
456 pounds of butterfat. These figures compare with 8,900 pounds of milk
and 387 pounds of butterfat for all cows in the state.
Top herd in the state for the second year in a row was the
Holstein herd owned by Edwin Walberg of Garden Prairie. Walberg's
38-cow herd averaged 18,213 pounds of milk and 691 pounds of fat.
That's the highest milk production level ever reached by an
Illinois DHIA herd, and the butterfat average has been exceeded only
once — by the Walberg herd in 1965.
Rosewood Farm at Roselle topped the Guernsey breed with 80
cows that averaged 12,824 pounds of milk and 642 pounds of butterfat.
J. C. Piper and Sons of Sumner led the Jersey breed with 65 cows that
averaged 10,314 pounds of milk and 565 pounds of fat.
Paul McDonald and Son, Princeton, again had the top-producing
Ayrshire herd. His 26 cows averaged 13,435 pounds of milk and 566
pounds of fat. Raymond Eisenmann, Cissna Park, had the top Brown Swiss
herd with 18 cows averaging 12,805 pounds of milk and 582 pounds of
fat.
-more-
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Add Illinois DHIA Herds - 2
All herds enrolled in DHIA have the milk weighed and tested
for butter fat by an impartial supervisor. The records are calculated
and analyzed by electronic data processing machines at the University
of Illinois.
-30-
GWHtHDNspg
8/5/66
FOR P.M. RELEASE AUGUST 17, 1966
SPECIAL POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOCIATION COVERAGE
Midwestern Poultrymen Consider
Percentage Contracts Good Compromise
LOGAN, UTAH — Despite a strong desire for independence, mid-
western poultrymen are finding percentage egg contracts an attractive
compromise between independent production and all-out contracting,
according to a University of Illinois poultry scientist.
S. F. Ridlen today (August 17) told persons attending the
Poultry Science Association at Utah State University that percentage
contracts offer help to poultrymen who face rising investment costs
without the capital or credit to operate alone. And fewer available
markets have caused some farmers to turn over the marketing function
to someone else.
Feed dealers and. hatcherymen are also choosing to share the
risk because they can't afford to pay producers a flat rate per dozen
eggs or per hen.
But an inequitable division of receipts and widely varying
division of percentages are occurring in contract situations because
of unrealistic and incomplete budgeting, Ridlen noted. And the con-
tracting parties are also overlooking some important implications.
Because of this situation, Ridlen said that he and Illinois
poultry scientist H. S. Johnson and agricultural economists J. R. Roush
and R. P. Bentz had prepared a model to demonstrate a sound way to
determine each party's inputs and receipts.
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The researchers studied the effects of varying egg prices
and percentage divisions of gross egg receipts on gross annual egg
returns. Because labor rates, pullet costs and feed prices vary, each
was varied in the model to determine the effect on each party's income.
If performances are assumed to be equal at all price levels,
a change of about 25 cents for hourly labor, about $3 a ton for feed
or about 8 cents a started pullet shifted the proportion of egg re-
ceipts to the producer, feedman or hatcheryman, respectively, by one
percentage point, Ridlen reported.
Each percentage point change altered annual egg returns by
7 cents a hen to the producer, by 7 cents a pullet to the hatcheryman
and by about $1.50 a ton to the feedman.
To figure these percentages, the researchers estimated the
costs of producing a dozen eggs to determine what each of the three
parties contributed to the contract. Once the inputs were evaluated
on a cost figure basis, they figured division of the receipts so that
each party received a percentage equal to the percentage he contributed
to the contract.
Ridlen said that some people might consider this approach
too academic for field application, but he believes it is the only
way to establish a solid, fair basis for share-the-risk contracts.
Although the decisions to be made in share-the-risk contracts
do not differ from those in other contracts, there are some implica-
tions that need special consideration, Ridlen pointed out. For
example, what happens to the feedman if feed prices take a sudden
sharp upward turn?
A sliding scale arrangement is being used in some programs
to provide a cushion for such variables as feed cost, egg price, rate
of lay, feed conversion and local taxes, Ridlen said. But such con-
tracts need refinement before they are widely used, he believes.
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UI Dairy Economist Says Price Series
Has Advantage Over Formula Prices
URBANA — The Minnesota-Wisconsin price series used to arrive
at the Class I milk price in 67 of 76 federal milk marketing orders
has an advantage over the formula prices previously used, according
to a University of Illinois dairy marketing economist.
Reporting in the August issue of "Dairy Marketing Facts, "
J. W. Gruebele says that the price series is better because competition
for milk is keen in Minnesota and Wisconsin and technological changes
and cost advantages are automatically reflected in the price paid to
producers. And formula prices often lag in adjusting to these factors.
Gruebele points out that there has been a significant shift
in Minnesota toward fewer and larger plants. The total number of dairy
manufacturing plants declined from 938 in 1938 to 361 in 1963. There
has also been a shift toward plants that manufacture both butter and
powder. This shift has improved performance in the state's dairy
manufacturing industry.
Larger plants operate at lower per unit costs and realize
larger net margins. And since 89 percent of the Minnesota plants are
cooperatives, the returns to producers are higher. Because of cost
savings, butter-powder plants are also able to pay producers a higher
price for milk than either specialized butter or powder plants.
Gruebele says that improved over-all performance of the
Minnesota industry is important to Illinois producers because better
performance improves the paying ability of Minnesota plants and in-
creases the Minnesota-Wisconsin prices. And the Minnesota-Wisconsin
price series is used to compute the Class I and II prices in the fed-
eral order markets affecting Illinois producers, Gruebele says.
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FFA Children's Barnyard
Again At State Fair
URBANA — The Future Farmers of America "Children's Barnyard,"
an exhibit featuring live farm animals and their offspring, will agair
be at the Illinois State Fair for the enjoyment of children and grown-
ups alike. According to Illinois FFA President Enid Schlipf of
Gridley, the barnyard exhibit provides a good opportunity for urban
children to get a close look at the farm animals and poultry that they
learn about in school.
Children and grownups alike will delight in the antics of
performing chickens and duc?s. The chickens are trained to walk up
a ramp and turn on a lig^t to get feed. The due' :s will be featured
in a water show as they frolic on the duck slide.
In addition to seeing the chickens and ducks, visitors at
the animal nursery will also see a dairy cow and calf, beef cow and
calf, pony mare and colt, sow and litter of pigs, ewe and lamb, goat
and kids, does and baby rabbits and a dog and puppies.
The FFA "Children's Barnyard" will be located just north of
the State Police tower. The free exhibit opens Friday, August 12, and
continues through Sunday, August 21.
Schlipf says that FFA officers will be on hand at all times
to answer visitors' questions, protect animal and human youngsters
from harm and explain how vocational agriculture and FFA train high
school boys for careers in a modern agriculture.
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Pork Cookout Contest Scheduled
For State Fair August 15
SPRINGFIELD — Backyard barbecuers who are looking for new
cooking ideas to tempt the palates of summer guests can get some tips
from the experts Monday morning, August 15, at the Illinois State Fair.
That's the time set for the finals of the Second Annual
Illinois Pork Cookout Contest. The contest, which will be held in
the street in front of the Fair's main grandstand, features winners
of local cookout contests held earlier this summer in towns throughout
the state.
State Fair visitors are invited to discuss cooking techniques
and favorite recipes with the cooks during the contest. Recipes for
dishes being prepared will be posted next to each contestant's grill.
All contestants are men.
Each meat cut will be judged on taste, tenderness and
appearance. Judges will also evaluate each contestant's cooking
technique and showmanship ability. The contest winner will receive
a portable TV set.
Judges include Miss Reba Staggs, home economist with the
National Live Stock & Meat Board; John Story, an IGA meat merchandiser;
and Charles E. Flynn, author of a weekly cooking column in a Cham-
paign newspaper. Honorary judges are State Fair Manager Franklin
Rust and State Director of Agriculture Bob Schneider.
The contest is sponsored by the Illinois Pork Producers'
Association, Swift and Company and the St. Louis Independent Packing
Company.
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
UI Dairy Scientist Reports
Milk Fever Prevention Research
URBANA — University of Illinois dairy scientists have success-
fully prevented milk fever in 11 of 12 herd cows with past histories
of the disease by boosting grain consumption before the cows calved.
Results of the research were reported during the annual
American Dairy Science Association meeting on the Oregon State Uni-
versity campus.
Illinois dairy scientist K. A. Kendall said U. of I. re-
searchers prevented milk fever by boosting grain feeding from the
usual .5 percent or less of body weight to 1 percent of body weight
during the final three weeks of the cow's pregnancy.
All 12 cows showed significantly higher blood levels of
serum calcium and inorganic phosphorus after the heavier grain feeding
program than they had after calvings that resulted in milk fever.
"Blood serum phosphorus to calcium ratios averaged 1:4.17 in
cows fed grain at the .5 percent level," Kendall explained. "The
average dropped to a more normal 1:2.42 ratio in cows getting heavier
grain feeding before they calved."
Kendall noted that the serum phosphorus to calcium ratio
in normal cows is usually about 1:2. A general pattern of milk fever
problems appears when the ratio reaches 1:3.7.
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One cow Illinois researchers studied over three lactations
developed milk fever when fed grain at .5 and .75 percent of body
weight prior to calving. She did not contract milk fever after a third
calving which was preceded by grain feeding at the 1 percent level.
Kendall said two Illinois commercial dairy farmers also
noted a marked drop in herd milk fever incidence after feeding grain
at the 1 percent rate or above during the last month of the dry period.
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
UI Specialists Give Pointers
For Feeding Drought Corn
URBANA — The best use of drought-damaged corn on livestock
farms is probably for silage, say University of Illinois livestock
and dairy specialists. However, they advise farmers to delay harvest
as long as possible to take advantage of a possible rain.
"Rain could help grain development and add to the crop's
feeding value," explains extension dairy scientist Leo Fryman. "If
it doesn't rain, the main feed value loss would be from the few leaves
that may dry up and fall off."
The U. of I. specialists discourage the use of drought-
damaged corn as green chop or for pasture since both methods increase
the potential for nitrate poisoning.
"Some fields of drought-damaged corn may have an abnormally
high nitrate content, " says extension livestock specialist Harry
Russell. "The greatest danger of nitrate poisoning in livestock comes
from using the affected crop as forage immediately after a rain."
Russell points out that this nitrate buildup is temporary.
The level will drop within a few days as the plants resume active
growth.
Waiting two to three weeks before feeding the ensiled crop
also will lower the nitrate content of the feed as nitrogen oxide
gases form and escape from the silo.
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These gases are deadly and farmers should be careful in
working around the forage. Always run the blower for several minutes
before entering the silo and keep livestock and people away from the
silos for 10 to 14 days after filling.
Russell notes that corn silage made from drought-damaged
corn will probably have less feeding value than normal corn silage.
Therefore livestockmen should take special care in estimating the per
acre yield of forage and grain so they can properly supplement the
silage when it is fed.
Farmers can feed green chopped silages or other forages
containing above-normal amounts of nitrate if they dilute the suspect
forages with good-quality roughages and grain. Animals receiving
high-energy rations can tolerate higher nitrate levels than those
fed relatively low-energy roughage rations.
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Special To Dailies and Weeklies
Incidence Of Rabies Up
URBANA — A recent report from the University of Illinois
College of Veterinary Medicine shows that the number of confirmed
cases of rabies in Illinois has doubled in the past four years. In
1965 there were 316 confirmed cases of rabies in animals.
Rabies is usually associated with the "dog days" of August.
However, U. of I. extension veterinarian Neil Becker says that rabies
is a problem throughout the year. The greatest number of cases re-
ported in 1965 occurred during March, April, July and August.
Adams, Vermilion, Champaign, Marion, Jefferson, Clinton,
McLean and Pike counties reported the most cases. Some of these
counties supported skunk control and trapping programs that contributed
to the high number of reported rabies cases.
Skunks again topped the list of rabies carriers last year,
with 157 positive cases reported. Dogs rated only fourth, with 19
reported cases. The report noted the growing concern about cats as
rabies carriers. Last year 80 cases of rabies in cats were confirmed.
Other important carriers were cattle with 24 cases, bats with 13 and
foxes with 11.
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On a national basis there was nearly a 70 percent increase
in fox rabies, but less than a 10 percent increase in dog rabies — an
all-time low. Rabies in dogs has generally been well controlled in
the city by required vaccination, licensing and confinement regulations.
The marked increase in positive cases of cat rabies has prompted many
health officials to recommend similar vaccination and confinement of
pet cats.
Most rabies is transmitted by bite, because the rabies
virus is located in the salivary glands. Veterinarian Becker says
that the bite injects the virus along with the saliva into the wound.
The virus travels up the nerves but does not cause any damage until it
reaches the spinal cord and brain.
Then we see characteristic rabies signs, such as madness,
incoordination and paralysis of the mouth that prevents the animal
from swallowing. Complete paralysis occurs soon afterwards, and the
animal dies.
Becker gives these suggestions to pet owners and parents:
Have your pet cat vaccinated, and keep it confined to your home and
yard. Caution your children not to play with stray cats or dogs.
Tell them not to try to catch wild animals. Report to the police or
local health authorities all cases in which animals bite people or
children.
If you or your child is bitten by an animal, contact your
family doctor immediately. Confine the animal if possible, but try
not to kill it. The series of shots for people bitten by suspected
rabid animals no longer causes many of the former side effects,
because improved vaccines have been developed.
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FOR RELEASE AFTER 11 A.M.
MONDAY, AUGUST 15, 1966
Bentley Cites Need For
Future Agricultural Production
SPRINGFIELD — The Dean of the University of Illinois College
of Agriculture optimistically called upon Illinois farmers to prepare
for expanding their production to meet future needs.
Speaking before the Farm-City Day audience at the Illinois
State Fair, Orville G. Bentley cited recent U. S. Department of Agri-
culture estimates that project market demand increases of 40 to 50
percent for beef and veal, 50 percent for chicken and turkey, 20 per-
cent for eggs and milk and 16 percent for pork from 1960 to 1980. The
expanded needs for livestock products would boost the demand for feed
grains by 63 percent, he pointed out.
He also pointed out that by 1980 crop exports are expected
to rise 75 percent and soybean exports will be three times as great
as those in 1960.
The blueprint for the future is already under way on some
Illinois farms, Dean Bentley stated. He cited as "pacemakers" a hog
farmer producing 200 litters with 40 percent more profit than on
similar farms; two brothers on a dairy farm with 140 cows averaging
14,500 pounds of milk per cow; and grain farmers who produced a 200-
bushel corn yield on 388 acres and a 55-bushel soybean yield on
200 acres.
Bentley praised the excellent records set by Illinois
farmers last year as they topped the nation in corn and soybean pro-
duction and harvested a corn crop worth more than a billion dollars.
He also lauded the agricultural business firms that supply "packages
of technology" and contribute to this remarkable production record.
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Add Future Agricultural Production - 2
Although productive soil and natural rainfall are important,
he emphasized that without "intelligent and ambitious farm people
who provide most of the labor and management for our farms" the accom-
plishments would not be possible.
Bentley urged farm youth to get some education beyond high
school, in either a college or a trade school. There are now 10,000
Illinois farmers who have had at least one year of college or more,
and 4,800 are college graduates, he stated. Three out of every 10 jobs
in private employment are also related to agriculture.
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Farm Management Schools Planned For
September 20 To September 28
URBANA--A basic course in farm management and an advanced
seminar in farm and ranch management will be held at the University
of Illinois in September. Eoth are sponsored by the American Society
of Farm Managers and Rural Appraisers.
The Farm Management School from September 20 to 24 is de-
signed to give intensive instruction in professional farm management
for the relatively new manager as well as the experienced. The Farm
and Ranch Seminar from September 26 to 28 is planned for experienced
managers and will cover topics in depth and at a more advanced level.
According to Fay M. Sims, U. of I. farm management special-
ist, the first school will cover such topics as farm resource ap-
praisal, farm and ranch organization, planning, budgeting and cash
flows, records and analysis, tenure and leases, fees, management and
consultation agreements, and client relations.
The advanced seminar will cover farm planning, budgeting,
finance and credit, tenure, diagnosis of farm and ranch operations, use
of farm herbicides, and using insecticides profitably.
Instructors for the schools include J. M. Holcomb, U. of I.
professor of farm management and finance; H. B. Petty, U. of I.
extension entomologist; F. M. Sims, U. of I. farm management special-
ist; L. W. Olson, U. of I. assistant professor of speech; Kenneth R.
Jameson, management consultant, Ft. Collins, Colorado; Jack Alexander,
farm manager, Iowa State University; J. H. Brooks, vice president,
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Citizens National Bank, Decatur? Donald B. Currie, assistant vice-
president, Commercial National Bank, Peoria? Harold M. Primm, manager,
Agricultural Business Service Company, Bloomington? and E. P. Sylwester,
professor of botany and plant pathology, Iowa State University.
More information about the schools is available from Sims
or Harold F. Borman, Secretary, Post Office Box 295, DeKalb, 111.
Tuition is $75 for the farm management school and $40 for the farm
management seminar.
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Rural Youth College Plans
Lag Behind Those Of City Co us ins
URBANA — Fewer farm youth plan to go to college than nonf-»rm
youth, but the difference is narrowing, according to ?. University of
Illinois rural sociologist.
David E. Lindstrom reports that in a s^udy of 3,000 hiah
school juniors and seniors in eight Illinois counties, about 42 per-
cent of the farm boys and 36 percent of the farm girls planned to go
to college. However, 46 percent of the nonfarm boys and 35 percent
of the nonfarm girls planned to attend.
The study also revealed that a majority of youth desire to
go to college, but a minority actually have plans to do so. But
76 percent of these high school students said they needed and wanted
more education and training beyond high school. More nonfarm boys
than farm boys believed they needed more education, while more farm
girls than nonfarm girls thought so.
Earlier studies in Wisconsin, Kentucky and Minnesota show
similar differences between farm and nonfarm youth, but fewer planned
to attend college. The Illinois data are probably typical for rural
areas of the nation in the past few years.
While we would like to see as many farm youth as nonfarm
youth attend college, it is encouraging that the difference is narrow-
ing and that a higher percent of all youth are making plans to attend
college, Lindstrom concludes.
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Heavy Concentrate Feeding And AI Sire
Effects On Income From Milk Production
URBANA — A recent two-phase study at the University of Illi-
nois shed some light on the effects of heavy concentrate feeding and
use of selected AI sires on income from milk sales.
According to S. L. Spahr, U. of I. dairy researcher, heavy
feeding of concentrates and use of AI sires selected for milk produc-
tion alone often depress milk fat content. Any increases in milk pro-
duction resulting from these practices must be sufficient to make up
for the income loss due to the depressed milk fat content.
"As a guide," Spahr says, "a change of 0.1 percent in fat
test will be equivalent to changing the milk production between 100
and 400 pounds per lactation." The exact amount of change in gross
income will depend upon the level of production, the starting fat
percent and the pricing system.
Spahr gives this example of the relationship that exists
between the pricing system, the production level and the butterfat
tests Typical Illinois Holstein cows produce 13,500 pounds of 3.7 per-
percent milk per lactation. With a $4.50 per hundredweight blend
price and a 7-cent price differential for each 0.1 percent of variance
from the 3.5 percent fat base, an Illinois dairyman could expect to
increase his gross income by $23.20 per cow by increasing average milk
production to 14,000 pounds without any change in fat test.
However, if the fat test slipped from 3.7 to 3.6 percent,
he would have to increase milk production to 14, 214 pounds to equal
the gross income from the 14,000-pound production with the 3.7 percent
fat test.
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"Using AI sires selected for milk production alone can
sometimes depress milk fat percent enough to affect income from milk
sales," says Spahr. In his study of the offspring from 16 Guernsey
and 90 Holstein AI sires with five or more daughters in Illinois,
Spahr found that the changes in milk production had about twice as
much effect on gross returns as the changes in fat test.
Spahr notes that this study confirmed that feeding high
concentrate levels and selecting AI sires for milk production alone
can lower the blend price per hundredweight because of depressed fat
test. However, increases in milk production from these practices are
often great enough to prevent any loss in total gross income. Even
so, dairymen should not carry these practices to extremes that will
markedly lower both fat tests and income.
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MEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS \~ ' ^ ,
FOR RFLFASE THURSDAY P.*M. ,
AUGUST ?8, 1966
U. Of I. Ag Economist Values Soybeans
At $3 — Sug ges'cs Pr ice Dcvntre Tid
DES MOINES, IOWA — A University of Illinois agricultural
economist calculates that values of soybean oil and meal make 1966
soybeans worth $3 a bushel and that current prices may decline as the
marketing season progresses.
Speaking before the American Soybean Asrocia'rion ennual
meeting, T. A. Hieronymus stated that, in view of inflationary forces
at work in this country and the strong consumer demand for livestock
products abroad, $3 soybeans seem attainable despite the many uncer-
tainties. Here is how Hieronymus appraises the situation:
A price of $70 to $75 a ton for meal and 12 to 13 cents a
pound for oil would mean $3 soybeans. However, it is possible that
the increased demand potential has already been bid into prices. If
so, prices may decline as the season progresses, particularly if farm
program changes generate a major increase in soybean acreage next year.
Mid-August is early in the crop year to appraise prospects
for the whole year ahead. Supplies are still a major uncertainty.
Weather has a major effect on soybean yields in August and September.
For this reason there can and probably will be a significant change
from the August 1 crop estimate of 860 million bushels.
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With the size of crop now estimated, high prices will ration
the use of soybeans. If we do not produce a crop of 890 million
bushels, it will be necessary to scale down uses to fit the smaller
crop. But an increase of .8 bushel per acre from the August estimate
would produce 888 million bushels. A yield similar to last year's
would produce 900 million. If weather is favorable for the next month,
we could produce a 900-million-bushel crop.
The domestic market for soybean oil continues to grow rapidly.
Our soybean oil needs will total about 5,225 million pounds, a major
increase over the current year.
Oil exports for dollars will be small, but oil exports plus
the oil content of soybean exports will be large. It appears that
exports plus P.L. 480 disposal will total about one billion pounds,
the same as in the present marketing year.
These domestic requirements and export estimates would re-
quire processors to crush 576 million bushels of soybeans during the
coming marketing year.
Export demand for soybean protein during the past year was
sharply above that of 1964-65. It is therefore likely that soybean
export demand will not change much.
Domestic demand for meal has been quite strong. Feeding
rate per animal may decrease somewhat as feeding ratios become less
favorable. Livestock numbers, rate of feeding and reduced supply of
cottonseed meal suggest a demand for 10.5 million tons of meal. With
a crop of 860 million bushels, meal would not be in very short supply?
and with a 900-million-bushel crop, the supply would be abundant.
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Extra Care Pays In Establishing Lawns
EDITOR'S NOTE: See Agri-Pix special for photos to accompany this
article.
URBANA--If you're establishing a lawn — fall's the recommended
time — pay close attention to selection of seed, rate of seeding and
preparation of the seedbed. Then give the lawn some extra care to be
sure the seeding becomes established, advises University of Illinois
turf specialist J. D. Butler.
Kentucky or Merion bluegrass and red fescue are suitable
lawn grasses for most of Illinois. To provide ter.porary cover or to
reduce erosion, you may want to use redtop or ryegrass, he says.
Here are some suggestions that will save you time and effort
and help get your lawn off to a vigorous starts
1. After grading and smoothing the area, apply lime as
needed. In some instances, you may want to add sand or peat or both
to the soil before establishing the lawn. Use a soil test as a guide
for determining lime needs.
2. Plow or rototill the soil to a six-inch depth. Do not
work it when it is wet.
3. After working the soil, rake or lightly disk a starter
fertilizer into the surface. From 10 to 15 pounds of 10-6-4 or a
similar aralysis per 1,000 square feet of lawn should work well as a
starter. The label on the fertilizer bag will al~o give the recom-
mended amount to use for establishing the lav;n.
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4. Just before seeding, break all lumps or remove them from
the seedbed. Smooth the soil.
5. Use a high-quality seed at the rate of 2 or 3 pounds for
every 1,000 square feet. You can distribute the seed more uniformly
by using a mechanical seeder. But if you divide the area into plots
and cross-sow — in an east-west direction once and then back in a
north-south direction — you'll have reasonable luck with hand-sowing.
6. After sowing, rake the soil lightly to cover the seed.
Then roll to firm it and stabilize the seedbed.
7. Next, mulch any slopes with burlap or straw. If you
use straw, be sure — if possible — that it's weed free.
8. The last step in starting a successful lawn is to water
it. Keep the soil moist until the ceed has become well established.
For best results, after the lawn becomes established, decrease the
number of waterings and. increase the amount applied pr r watering.
Two circulars, available at the County Extension Office, will
help you with lawn problems. Ask for Circular 729, "How to Have an
Attractive Lawn," and Circular 873, "Lawn Weeds: Identification and
Control."
Correct management — watering, fertilizing and cutting — will
reduce most grassy and Iroadleaved weeds in a lawn, says Butler. But
if you need help, several herbicide? — when properly used — give you an
added tool to combat weals. Circular 873 discusses herbicides
thoroughly and rates them according to the control they afford. It
also gives recommended time of application and other details.
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Herbicides Replace Corn Cultivation
In U. Of I. Research
URBANA- -Broadcast application of a preemergence herbicide
has been successfully substituted for row cultivation of corn in a
three-year University of Illinois study.
The U. of I. research covered two methods of seedbed prepara-
tion, three methods of weed control and. seven soil types. n 0 control
weeds, the agronomists used (1) two or three conventional cultivations;
(2) application of atrazine, a preemergence herbicide, and no cultiva-
tion; and (3) atrazine application plus two cr three regular cultiva-
tions.
Here's what the Illinois scientists, E. L. Knake,
T. D. Hinesly and R. D. Seif, concluded ^"rotr the research:
The only purpose of cultivation is to control weeds. This
job can be done with cultivation or preemergence herbicides, but it
is not necessary to use both. Cultivation alone or in addition to
preemergence application of atrazine usually had little or no effect
on yield, plant population cr soil moisture compared with a preemer-
gence application and no cultivation.
Cultivation caused a slight increase in soil moisture in
either the surface cr the subsoil a little more than 7 percent of the
time *
-mere-
I
-
:
: >*
■
i
■ .
'
Add Herbicides Replace Corn Cultivation - 2
In seedbed preparation, there was no significant yield
difference between using one disking and three diskings after plowing
as long as the plant population was the same.
Preemergence herbicides worked successfully 20 out of 21
times in the three-year test. In 1963 the atrazine application at the
Brownstown field failed because it did not rain for a long time after
planting.
-30-
HDG:pg
8/23/66
!
•
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Watch For Webworms
■■ ■ " ————— ■ ■ ■■ !■' "■ - -■—
URBANA — Golf course and park superintendents as well as
homeowners should watch their turf carefully for the next month, warns
University of Illinois entomologist Roscoe Randell Illinois Cooperative
Extension Service and Natural History Survey.
The second generation of sod webworms are not expected to
damage grass so severely as the 1964 outbreak. But first-generation
webworms caused some concern last month in central and north-central
Illinois. And second-generation webworms are usually more severe than
the first, Randell points out.
A well-kept lawn, fertilized and watered properly, will
support a considerable population of webworms without being seriously
damaged. An equal number of webworms will seriously affect a lawn in
poor condition. If chemical control is necessary, Randell suggests
either carbaryl or diazinon.
Use carbaryl at a two-pound rate per 10,000 square feet and
diazinon at a one-pound rate. As sprays, use at least 25 gallon of
water per 10,000 square feet, and do not water for 72 hours after
treatment. In granule form, apply the insecticides with a fertilizer
spreader according to directions. Be sure to read and heed all label
precautions, Randell adds.
Heavy numbers of moths flying in a zigzag pattern ever a
sod area--usually at dusk — indicate a webworm infestation. Inspect
the area for larvae about 10 days after a heavy moth flight. Full-
grown larvae are about one inch long and are a gray to dusky green
with a dirk brown head and brown spots on the body.
-more-
Add Watch For Webworms - 2
Webworm larvae in silken cases or tunnels and fresh grass
clippings positively identify a webworm infestation. Damage occurs
in brown, irregularly shaped patches, where larvae clip off the grass
blades just above the sod. Damage is easiest to see during dry
periods when the infested areas are slow to recover or the grass
plants die.
-30-
JJFrpg
8/23/66
•
NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Illinois Hay Cleared Of
Cereal Leaf Beetle Charge
URBANA — Despite contrary claims by the Commissioner of the
New York Department of Agriculture and Markets, farmers in that state
or elsewhere have "no reason for concern about Illinois hay, " accord-
ing to University of Illinois entomologist W. H. Luckmann with the
Illinois Natural History Survey. Luckmann is head of the economic
entomology section.
In a recent story, the Commissioner warned New York farmers
"to be extremely careful when buying hay from the Midwest." He said,
"several counties in Illinois, Indiana, Michigan and Ohio have been
found to be infested with the cereal leaf beetle."
So far as the USDA Plant Pest Control Division and the
Illinois State Department of Agriculture are concerned, says Luckmann,
no part of Illinois is under quarantine for the cereal leaf beetle.
USDA entomologists found seven beetles in the entire state
during 1965. This year they found five beetles in two counties.
State and federal government officials sprayed all these areas at
least twice. As an added precaution against the spread of the cereal
leaf beetle this spring, officials from these agencies sprayed
malathion on a 14-mile-wide strip along the Illinois-Indiana border
from Peotone to near Danville.
-more-
-
Add Illinois Hay Cleared - 2
The cereal leaf beetle does not damage alfalfa or clover.
Its primary hosts are oats and other grasses. However, the pest lives
on grass in hay fields, and the adults often rest and hide in hay
bales left in the field, Luckmann points out.
Entomologists first found the cereal leaf beetle in Michigan
in 1962. Apparently it entered the country on commodities via the
St. Lawrence Seaway. Since that time it has spread to the northern
half of Indiana, the western three-fourths of Ohio and the lower
peninsula of Michigan.
-30-
J JF : pg
8/26/66
.
NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE ^"^
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
U. Of I. Seeks Alfalfa Weevil Control
URBANA — This last spring and summer the most destructive
alfalfa pest has spread from southern Illinois to the Wisconsin border,
The alfalfa weevil now infests 83 Illinois counties compared
with only 47 southern Illinois counties in 1965, according to ento-
mologist Ed Armbrust of the University of Illinois and the Illinois
Natural History Survey. This spring parts of the 11 southernmost
counties reported the most severe damage.
"Farmers who did not spray lost their entire first crop,
and the weevil carried over to the second crop, " Armbrust said. He
knew of one farmer in southern Illinois who usually harvests 900
bales of alfalfa hay from one field. This year he has managed only
178 bales, which are of no commercial value.
It costs four to five dollars an acre to control the weevil
with insecticides. "This cost seems like a lot to some farmers, but
it's a good investment," Armbrust said. Without chemical control,
the weevil eats the alfalfa leaves, which contain most of the valuable
livestock feed nutrients.
Armbrust expects insecticide recommendations to change
before next spring. This year, because of wet weather, southern
Illinois farmers couldn't get into alfalfa fields to apply the chemi-
cals at the right time.
-more-
'
.
Add Alfalfa Weevil Control - 2
U. of I. entomologists are trying to set up a laboratory
colony containing all stages of the insect — eggs, larvae, pupae and
adults. This winter they hope to use laboratory tests to screen out
ineffective insecticides.
Once the weevils have infested an area, about three years
are necessary for the population to cause severe economic damage.
"When weevils become established, every field in the area is infested
and will need treatment, " Armbrust said.
The prospect for resistant varieties doesn't look too prom-
ising right now, he said, although some states are working on resist-
ant alfalfa strains.
Small European wasps, released in Illinois this year and
last, are natural parasitic enemies of the weevil. At least one kind
of wasp is well established now. But natural enemies are not the sole
answer to the problem, Armbrust added.
"It will take several years for the Illinois farmer to adjust
to this new problem, but I believe he will do so, " Armbrust said.
Some farmers he had talked with had considered quitting alfalfa. But
he added, "If you talk to agronomists, they will tell you alfalfa is
by far the best forage crop."
Armbrust concluded that weevil control would probably work
into regular farm practices in growing alfalfa.
-30-
GAR:pg
8/30/66
NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
-*---<
FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY,
SEPTEMBER 7, 1966
Paulus Farm Shows
Blueprint For 1975 Farming
LINCOLN, Illinois — When the more than 2,000 expected visitors
stream onto the Wilbur and Carl Paulus farm here today, they'll see
the best blueprint for 1975 farming that farm management specialists
can suggest. And those who are concerned about producing enough food
for our booming population can feel more optimistic after seeing the
Paulus operation.
Carl and Wilbur Paulus began a father-son partnership in
January 1958 after Wilbur graduated from Iowa State University College
of Agriculture. In the past eight years they have expanded and
improved the total farm business.
From 13 litters in 1958, the hog enterprise grew to 226 lit-
ters in 1965. The original 160-acre farm is part of the business, but
the total tillable acreage has expanded to 720. The beef cattle
enterprise, involving about 260 head a year, is geared to using some
non-marketable feeds, old buildings and the father's feeding skills.
The main steps in building this outstanding farm business
have been taken year by year since 1958. The first year the Pauluses
remodeled a poultry house into a hog farrowing house. In 1959 they
built their first shelled corn silo and used a batch drier. In 1960
they remodeled the north half of the corn crib for shelled corn and
built a feed center. In 1961 they built a machine shed and used part
of it for shelled corn storage until 1965.
-more-
Add Paulus Farm - 2
In 1962 they remodeled the hog house into a nursery. The
next year they built a finishing hog house and loading dock and
installed a pneumatic feed conveying system. In 1964 Wilbur bought
80 acres one-fourth mile east of the farmstead and cleared the build-
ings.
Last year they converted the south half of the crib to
shelled corn and erected a 72-foot elevator leg, another silo and a
continuous flow drier. Wilbur bought 160 acres north of the farmstead
and put in 3,710 feet of ditching. This year he switched to 30-inch
corn rows, eight-row planting and four-row harvesting. He also bought
a Frigidome storage and conditioning unit for 25,000 bushels of wet
corn, with plans to cool with frigid air.
Their large-volume hog enterprise, managed at top efficiency,
now produces 40 percent more profit than hogs on similar farms.
Through good management, they use every available hour of labor —
father, son and hired man. To make labor as productive as possible,
they have adopted the newest methods and practices, such as confine-
ment hog production, liquid manure handling, pneumatic system to move
feed and labor-saving feed processing and storage facilities.
To get the most from their hogs, they sell on a grade and
yield basis. This method has been widely used in Canada and some
European countries, but not extensively in the United States. With
this method, the packer pays previously determined prices for different
grades of pork that he obtains from each lot of hogs.
To make important decisions about how best to invest their
money and expand their business, the Pauluses have relied heavily upon
their farm business records kept with the Illinois Farm Bureau Farm
Management Service. They have also consulted with their local field-
man and agricultural extension specialists at the University of Illi-
nois.
Today's tour was sponsored by the Illinois Farm Bureau Farm
Management Service and the University of Illinois Cooperative Exten-
sion Service.
-30-
HDGzpg
9/2/66
.
:
•
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■ :
" • •
'
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Note to Editor; Choose the date and location of the area FFA communi-
cation workshop from the list below that the FFA
reporters and vocational agriculture teachers from
your area would most likely attend.
Area FFA Workshops Announced
URBANA--This month the University of Illinois Extension
Editorial Office will conduct five area communication . workshops for
FFA reporters and vocational agriculture teachers. The workshop for
this area will be held at .
(Date) (Location)
Registration for the workshop is from 4:00 to 4:15 p.m., and
the first session will start at 4:30 p.m. James Evans, assistant
professor of agricultural communications at the U. of I., and Gene
Kroupa, FFA public information specialist, will conduct the training
sessions.
These workshops are designed to teach reporting skills to
Future Farmers of America reporters. The reporters will receive
instruction in newswriting, construction of exhibits, photography
and radio announcing. Last year over 400 FFA reporters and vo-ag
teachers attended the workshops.
-30-
The dates and locations of the area workshops are:
Sept. 12, Southwestern Illinois workshop—Farm Bureau Building,
Carlinville.
Sept. 13, Northwestern Illinois workshop — Farm Bureau Building,
Galesburg.
Sept. 14, Northern Illinois workshop — Farm Bureau Building, Oregon.
Sept. 19, Southern Illinois workshop — Central Church of Christ,
Mt. Vernon.
Sept. 21, East-Central Illinois workshop — Mumford Hall, University
of Illinois, Urbana.
GAK:pg
9/2/66
•
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■
'
.
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Specialists To Demonstrate Weed Control
In Soybeans At Agronomy Day
URBANA — Farmers who come to Agronomy Day, September 15, at
the University of Illinois will see field demonstrations of broadleaf
weed control in soybeans. A continuous program of tours and demonstra-
tions begins at 7:00 a.m.
"Farmers attending the program will see that herbicides
didn't kill the broadleaf weeds in the soybean demonstration plots,"
said Marshal McGlamery, U. of I. agronomist. Later soybean plantings
are less likely to get as much rainfall as corn, and herbicides do not
work well in dry weather.
Because the soybean is a broadleaf plant, it is difficult
to find a herbicide that will kill broadleaf weeds without injuring
the soybeans. Under favorable field conditions, some herbicides do
kill grasses in soybeans.
Soybeans recover well from chemical injury, but McGlamery
added, "We are always concerned about the possibility that injury may
reduce yields."
The trend toward less-than-20-inch rows to increase yields
means that farmers will become more dependent on pre- and post-
emergence herbicides. Some of the U. of I. demonstrations show soy-
beans drilled in rows too narrow for tractor wheels to pass between
them.
-30-
GARrpg
9/2/66
. •
. ■■
■
NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
UI Ag Economist Explains
1967 Wheat Program Changes
URBANA — The national wheat allotment has been increased from
51.6 million acres in 1966 to 68.2 million acres for 1967 because of
a reduction to about 536 million bushels in the July 1 carryover. The
carryover has not been that low since 1952, when it was 256 million
bushels, according to Duane E. Erickson, University of Illinois exten-
sion economist in farm management.
The 1967 wheat program will include price support loans,
marketing certificates and substitution between wheat and feed grains.
Under the substitution provisions, farmers who participate in both
the wheat and feed-grain programs may request an oat, rye and barley
base and can then substitute wheat. These provisions are similar to
those of the 1966 program. But, unlike the 1966 program, no diversion
will be required and no payments will be made for additional diversion,
says Erickson.
Small-allotment wheat farmers who have been diverting their
entire allotment cannot continue this practice in 1967. If they wish
to plant wheat and receive income from the allotments, they should
participate in the wheat program or use the substitution provisions.
To protect wheat acreage history, small-allotment farmers should plant
at least 75 percent of their allotments to wheat in at least one out
of three years, Erickson advises.
-more-
■ •
Add UI Ag Economist Explains - 2
Farmers who qualify for the wheat program and sign up are
eligible for price support loans of $1.25 per bushel (national average
price) on their entire farm wheat production and domestic marketing
certificates. Domestic marketing certificates will be based on
35 percent of the projected production of the farm allotment.
The estimated domestic use for 1967 is 520 million bushels,
which could be produced on 35 percent of the 68. 2-million-acre national
allotment.
Sign-up dates for the 1967 program will be announced later.
Erickson says farmers should have recently received their increased
acreage allotments. Farmers should direct specific questions on
allotments to the local Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation
Service office.
-30-
GAR:pg
9/9/66
■
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Farm Managers, Appraisers To Tour
Chicago's Lake Calumet Harbor
URBANA — The Illinois Society of Professional Farm Managers
and Rural Appraisers will tour Chicago's Lake Calumet Harbor on
September 16, according to Fay M. Sims, University of Illinois farm
management specialist and secretary-treasurer of the society.
The agenda includes a boat tour of Lake Calumet, the Calumet
River and the Sag Canal. Tour groups will also visit warehouses and
dock facilities, including those of the Illinois Grain Co.
The nine grain elevators on Lake Calumet and along the
Calumet River can hold 55 million bushels. Chicago's total grain-
storing capacity is 86 million bushels.
The group will hear about the Chicago Regional Port District
from the general manager and the chief engineer. The Chicago Board
of Trade's vice president for transportation will conduct a discussion
on the export grain trade.
The Society has invited anyone having a professional interest
in farm management to participate in the tour. The cost is $8.00.
For more information, interested persons should contact Fay M. Sims,
301 Mumford Hall, University of Illinois, Urbana, or William B. Sayre,
Continental Illinois National Bank and Trust Co., Chicago. Sayre is
chairman of the Society's tour committee.
-30-
GARtpg
9/9/66
'
■ ■
■
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'
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Illinois FFA Names Delegates
To National FFA Convention
URBANA — More than 900 Illinois FFA members and vocational
agriculture teachers will be among the 10,000 persons expected to
attend the National Future Farmers of America Convention October 11-14
in Kansas City, Missouri.
Highlights of the four-day program include the national FFA
public speaking and judging contest, the American Royal FFA Dairy
Show, the presentation of National Chapter Contest Awards, the election
of national officers and the naming of the Star Farmer of America.
Gary Organ, McLeansboro, is one of four regional winners who will
compete for the coveted Star Farmer of America title.
State FFA president Enid Schlipf, Gridley, and past state
president Gary Organ, McLeansboro, will be the official voting
delegates from Illinois. State FFA vice-president Bill Wills,
Forest City, is the alternate delegate.
Other Illinois FFA members will participate in the band and
chorus, while others will serve as stage hands and with the courtesy
corps. Band members who will provide music for all sessions and lead
the American Royal Parade are Jim Theobald, Buffalo; Ron Schneider,
Lenzburg; Lawrence McPheron, Ashton; James Breun, McClure; Larry Glass,
Rio; Jim Fitzpatrick, Earlville; Barry Riskedal, Leland; and Timothy
Hapson, Joliet.
Illinois chorus members include Phil Farr, DeKalb; Dale
Fesser, Morrisonville; Lonnie Hillard, Alexis; Thomas Martin,
Naperville; Bill Marvin, Mechanicsburg ; Harry Reynolds, Jonesboro;
Steve Standard, Canton; and Bill Wyffils, Jr., Geneseo.
-more-
'
:'.■.
.
Add Illinois FFA Names Delegates - 2
Courtesy corps members will be Bob Scherer, Lawrenceville;
Jerry Lemmel, Clinton; and David Bugos, Alpha.
Stage hands from Illinois will be Ron Jones, Alma; Tom
Hoskins, Bethany; Danny Severns, Chandler vi lie; John Moeller, Wheeler;
John Stufflebeam, Geneseo; Phil Wagenknecht, Mi 1 ledge vi lie; Greg Olson,
Bushnell; and Bill Marvin, Buffalo.
-30-
GAKrpg
9/9/66
'
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Local Youth (s) Recommended
For National FFA Degree
URBANA — Seventeen outstanding Illinois Future Farmers of
America have been recommended for the American Farmer Degree by the
national FFA boards of student officers and directors. The degrees
will be presented during the 39th Annual National FFA Convention
October 11-14 in Kansas City, Missouri.
American Farmer Degree candidates from this area are: (See
the attached list for names of degree candidates from your area. For
additional information and pictures of degree candidates from your
area, contact the candidate or his vocational agriculture teacher.)
Each degree winner will receive a certificate and a gold
key from the FFA organization, plus a cash travel allowance from the
Future Farmers of America Foundation.
Only one FFA member in every 1,000 members can hope to earn
the American Farmer Degree in any year. The degree is limited to
members who have been out of high school at least one year and who
are showing evidence of becoming successfully established in farming.
Selection for this degree is also based on the Future
Farmer's record in farming, leadership and scholarship. The FFA
board of directors has recommended that 460 members receive the
American Farmer Degree this year.
-30-
GAK:pg
9/9/66
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MEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
&B&
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Corn Outlook: Higher Prices,
Declining Stocks In Year Ahead
URBANA--The U. S. Department of Agriculture raised its
September 1 estimate of the 1966 corn crop by 100 million bushels, or
3 percent higher than the August forecast.
But even with this increase corn growers can expect to see
higher prices than a year ago and declining stocks during the coming
year, a University of Illinois grain marketing economist reported this
week. Here is how L. F. Stice appraises the current corn market
situation:
The smaller 1966 corn crop, the high level of livestock
feeding and exports and the reduction in stocks of old corn point to
higher prices in the 1966-67 marketing year than a year earlier. How
much higher is uncertain.
The USDA September 1 crop estimate was 4,090 million bushels,
a drop of 2 percent from the 1965 crop of 4, 171 million bushels. The
average yield of 69.6 bushels compared with 73.1 last year and 62.4 in
1964. So, despite some unfavorable yields, this year's corn crop may
tie 1963 for the second largest on record. Production will be sub-
stantially larger this year than in 1965 in Iowa, Nebraska and
Minnesota, but lower in Illinois, Indiana and most southeastern states.
The Illinois crop of 822 million bushels, if realized, would still
be our second largest. However, the crop is very uneven within
counties, and even on the same farm, and is therefore very difficult
to estimate.
-more-
Add Corn Outlook - 2
Because of poor growing conditions, the 1966 U. S. crop will
fall far short of prospective use in the next 12 months, with a pro-
spective deficit of 450 to 550 million bushels between 1966 production
and the 1966-67 disappearance. This gap can be filled, from existing
carryover stocks of 950 million bushels. However, the prospects of
a drop in old corn stocks to 400 or 500 million bushels a year from
now will prevent corn prices from dropping much below current levels.
-30-
HDGrpg
9/13/66
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Agri-Pix Special: Sod Webworm
Entomologists Study
Sod Webworm Damage
URBANA — Since central and northern Illinois homeowners and
turfmen have just weathered another sod webworm attack, it's just as
well they didn't know that entomologists at the Illinois Natural
History Survey on the University of Illinois campus were raising more
sod webworms.
But don't be alarmed, agricultural entomologist
A. C. Banerjee advises hastily. He (photo 1) raised webworms strictly
for research purposes to learn more about this lawn and turf pest.
The buff-colored female moth (photo 5) , while zigzagging across lush
lawns, can lay as many as 800 eggs, Banerjee points out.
U. of I. entomologists have suggested that a w^ll watered
and fertilized lawn can carry several sod webworm larvae without
apparent damage. Banerjee' s research — just completed — will give
entomologists some improved guidelines for recommendations, say
extension entomologist Roscoe Randell and area pesticide adviser
Stan Rachesky.
In their research Banerjee and his colleagues set up various
treatments and "seeded" the plots with known infestations of webworm
larvae (photo 2) . Hence the need for hatching and rearing larvae in
the laboratory.
-more-
Add Entomologists Study - 2
For check plots the entomologists left some areas unferti-
lized and poorly watered (only .3 inch). Some plots received only
water at the rate of two inches a week. One treatment simulated,
"typical" homeowner treatment, getting two inches of water and light
applications of fertilizer. In another treatment representing the
ultimate in management the entomologists watered and fertilized the
plots well.
To measure damage by larvae, the entomologists kept a record
of the yield in grass clippings on the plots during the webworm season.
Fully grown webworms do 80 percent of their damage between late June
and early- to mid-September before they pupate, says Randell. They
overwinter in the soil as partly grown larvae (photo 4) . The mature
larva, about one inch long, is gray to dusky green with a dark brown
head and brown spots over its body, Randell adds (photo 4) .
From plots receiving only water, the entomologists collected
10 grams of dry matter in clippings per square foot. Plots receiving
water and light amounts of fertilizer — "typical" homeowner treatment —
yielded 20 grams. Well watered and fertilized plots yielded 40 grams
of dry matter per square foot.
Previous research indicates that a full-grown larva (photo 3)
can consume about one-half to one gram of grass, says Randell. Usually
larvae have damaged 30 to 50 percent of the grass before the average
homeowner notices the destruction. In the recent test, poorly watered
plots suffered 20 percent damage with only two to four larvae per
square foot. In well watered and fertilized plots, the entomologists
observed some damage with eight larvae per square foot. Banerjee and
Rachesky reported "visible damage" on lightly fertilized, well-watered
plots with 8 to 12 larvae per square foot (photo 6) .
-more-
Add Entomologists Study - 3
Brown patches of grass may indicate webworms or disease.
Freshly clipped grass — cut by the feeding larvae--and tunnels in the
soil surface positively identify webworms as the culprits, says
Randell. Numerous buff-colored moths, flying low in a zigzag pattern
over the lawn at dusk — and moths collecting around porch lights —
usually mean that an invasion of webworms will follow. Larvae appear
about 10 days after the zigzagging moths lay their eggs. An excessive
number of birds may also indicate the presence of larvae.
If webworms overwinter in lawns, they may cause damage early
in the season. Combined early and late infestations can severely
damage turf areas, says Randell. He suggests that homeowners may need
to use chemical control when good cultural management and early
detection fail to control webworms. Diazinon or carbaryl, applied
in late July or early August, controls the pest safely and effectively.
Two applications may be necessary because adult moths lay eggs through-
out the season. Since it's too late to apply chemicals now, Randell
advises keeping the grass well watered and cutting tall grass. Tall,
lush growth attracts moths, he adds.
In addition to making their "traffic count" of webworms,
the entomologists are screening new insecticides for potential use,
Randell says.
-30-
JJF:pg
9/20/66
;ifc :-'""=
NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Harvesting Days Limited?
Be Ready To Go; Bowers
URBANA--"Be ready to go when the corn is right for harvesting.
There's already a premium on the number of days you can get into the
field, " University of Illinois agricultural engineer Wendell Bowers
warned today.
He figures that Illinois farmers have only 15 days of good
harvest weather. And this summer's drought may add. to harvesting
headaches. Dry weather in some areas may mean small stalks, low ears
and increased stalk rot, with resulting "down" and weak-shanked corn
that will allow ears to drop to the ground.
Bowers cautions farmers to wait until corn moisture reaches
26 percent before they start full-scale harvesting. Harvesting may
damage corn kernels with a higher moisture content. And such damage
causes corn spoilage four times as fast as it does at lower moisture
rates.
One bit of advice: Bowers suggests that farmers have
equipment ready when moisture drops to 28 percent, open the field,
learn where the hopper fills and then spot wagons or trucks accordingly.
A little organization can prevent wasting three or four days of
precious harvesting time, he points out.
While farmers risk spoiled corn when moisture is higher than
26 percent, ear losses may cause problems when moisture is below
20 percent. Bowers suggests shooting for 24 to 26 percent moisture.
-more-
Add Harvesting Days Limited - 2
Regardless of the method of harvesting, excessive speed means
increased harvesting losses. "Any loss of more than five percent of
the yield is excessive," says Bowers. "And don't try to harvest 36-
inch corn with 40-inch equipment, " he adds.
If you adjust your machine properly and harvest at the
correct speed, you won't get excessive damage or loss," Bowers advises.
Farmers may get excessive losses at high moistures at the cylinder and
concaves if they're not aggressive enough.
On the other hand, trying to remove every kernel from the
cob will damage kernels, he adds. "Check cobs frequently as you start
harvest. Don't worry about a few kernels. Then harvest as fast as
you can, safely and without kernel damage or loss," he advises.
You can check shelled corn losses quickly and inexpensively
by building a 40- by 40-inch frame. Then lay the frame across
harvested areas—row spacing doesn't matter — and get average counts.
Twenty kernels per frame equals a one-bushel loss per acre.
To estimate ear-corn losses, measure off 131 linear feet of
row for 40-inch rows, 138 feet for 38-inch rows, 145 feet for 36-inch
rows or 175 feet for 30-inch rows. Pick up all ears left after
harvesting. And really "tear the row apart," says Bowers. Some ears
may be well hidden. Each good-sized ear of corn you find in the
specified length of rows means a bushel lost per acre.
Whether you harvest with a corn combine, corn picker or
picker-sheller, you can keep losses to less than five percent of the
yield and still get the job done safely and on time. Just be sure the
machine is operating properly, check the quality of the grain and make
adjustments if losses or damage appears, concludes Bowers.
-30-
JJFrpg
9/20/66
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR RELEASE THURSDAY P.M.,
SEPTEMBER 27, 1966
Electronic Data Processing
Useful In Farm Accounting
URBANA — Electronic data processing (EDP) can be a useful
tool in farm accounting services, a University of Illinois agricul-
tural economist told agricultural bankers here today. But EDP services
will require more skilled and imaginative accountants to take advantage
of these facilities.
In discussing the application of EDP to farm accounting and
farm management, A. G. Mueller observed:
Farm operators and commercial farm managers will need and
demand more sophisticated bookkeeping and accounting services. Agri-
cultural economists are just beginning to scratch the surface in
meeting this potential need.
EDP can replace bookkeepers, but not accountants. Bookkeepers
collect and record financial transactions, but accountants must inter-
pret and translate the bookkeeper's entries. A computer enhances the
accounting function in business management.
While EDP can be useful, it is important to know whether the
costs incurred will balance the services provided. EDP could be very
useful in providing farm planning and budgeting services to farmers
using linear programming and simulation techniques to determine their
best farm enterprises. EDP planning methods are now in the develop-
mental stage. They will require increased management skills of
farmers and management consultants in order to take full advantage
of this service.
-more-
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Add Electronic Data Processing - 2
Farmers will receive three levels of farm accounting services
in the future:
The first level, an EDP bookkeeping service, will probably
never progress far beyond the income tax and financial control re-
quirements of the farm business.
The second level will combine EDP services and those of a
professional farm management fieldman. It will provide a total farm
business and enterprise analysis. The fieldman will serve as both
accountant and management consultant to the farm operator.
The third level will add farm planning and budgeting assist-
ance. Although many farm management associations now provide such
assistance, the use of EDP methods should relieve fieldmen and farmers
of much of the paper work involved in farm planning.
Mueller spoke before the opening session of the 20th annual
Illinois Bankers' Agricultural Conference on the U. of I. campus.
-30-
GARrHDGspg
9/23/66
, iwwiniMiltii
NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Extension Workers Fall Conference
Planned For Urbana, October 10-13
URBANA — About 300 state and county staff members of the
Cooperative Extension Service will meet on the University of Illinois
campus next week (October 10-13) to increase their knowledge of current
agricultural and home economics subjects and to plan educational pro-
grams for the coming year.
Eighteen refresher courses highlight this year's conference
program. Each staff member may enroll in two of these eight-hour
courses. Staff members of the College of Agriculture and guest
speakers will serve as instructors.
The conference opens Monday afternoon with a series of
briefing discussions for agricultural and home economics workers. An
administrative session at Tuesday breakfast will take up business of
general interest. Dean Orville Bentley of the College of Agriculture
will address the group.
The state associations of farm and home advisers will meet
separately on Wednesday afternoon. A luncheon address by Director
J. B. Claar closes the conference on Thursday.
-more-
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Add Extension Workers Fall Conference - 2
Jeanette Dean, assistant state leader in home economics
extension, and Glen F. Sons, assistant state leader in agriculture
extension, are conference chairmen. Committee members are
E. W. Anderson, professor of extension education and training?
Mrs. Jerry Cochran, Franklin county home adviser; H. H. Gordon,
assistant state leader of agricultural extension; Mary M. Hoffman,
state 4-H specialist.
C. R. Howell, Perry county farm adviser; D. G. Jedele,
extension agricultural engineer; G. W. Meyerholz, extension veterinari
veterinarian; Lula Keller, assistant state leader in home economics
extension; Donald Teel, Knox county farm adviser; and Eloise Tholen,
Greene county home adviser.
-30-
HDGspg
9/27/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
UI College Of Agriculture
Names Advisers
URBANA — The University of Illinois College of Agriculture
recently named 19 persons to serve on nine departmental advisory
committees.
Dean Orville G. Bentley said the committee members were
selected because of their positions and experience in a particular
area of agriculture.
The committees advise college departments on their teaching,
research and extension programs.
Among the area persons named for three-year terms on the
committees are:
(Editor's Note: See attached list for persons from your area. Those
listed for three-year terms are new appointees. The others, listed
for one and two years, have served part of their three-year terms.)
Other area persons presently serving on the committees
include:
(See attached list.)
-30-
GAR:pg
9/27/66
•
ADVISORY COMMITTEES
College of Agriculture
September 1, i960
Agricultural Economics
John Butterfield, Pana
Dale E. Butz, Director of Economic Research, F S Services, Inc.,
1701 Towanda Avenue, Bloomington 61702
Emmett G. Fruin, Fruin Agricultural Service, 106 E. Beaufort St.,
(Box k0)f Normal 61701
Lester S. Kellogg, Director, Economic Research, Deere and Company,
Moline
Howard W. Mullins, Windy Hill, Shabbona
Gordon E. Sears, Vice President, Citizens First National Bank,
Princeton
Agricultural Engineering
Joseph H. Heimann, Clinton County Electric Cooperative, Inc.,
J+75 North Main Street, Ereese
Gordon H. Millar, Director of Research, Deere and Company,
301 Third Avenue, Moline 61265
A, Stephen Paydon, R. R. 1, Plainfield 605^
R. R. Poynor, General Supervisor, Product Planning Research,
International Harvester Company, l80 North Michigan Avenue,
Chicago 60601
Dean Searls, Manager, Adams Electrical Cooperative, Camp Point 62320
3 years
1 year
3 years
1 year
2 years
2 years
1 year
2 years
1 year
2 years
3 years
Agronomy
Warren W. Jones, Farm and Home Store Co., Ridgway 62979 3 years
Paul Kermicle, Dundas ' 1 year
Paul B. Miller, Mansfield 2 years
Hugh P. Morrison, Pioneer Hi-Bred Corn Company, Princeton 61356 1 year
Carlin N. Morton, President, Roy A. Morton and Sons, Inc., Bowen
62316 2 years
T, H. Roberts, Jr., President, DeKalb Agricultural Association, Inc.,
DeKalb 60115 3 years
Animal Science
Ernest E. Brown, General Manager, Corn Belt Hatcheries of 111., Inc.,
Gibson City 3 years
John W. Curry, Victoria 1 year
Harry C. Eaton, Research Dept., Moorman Manufacturing Company,
1000 North 30th Street, Quincy 623 01 2 years
Leroy E. Hatch, Deers Road, R. R, 3, Urbana 2 years
Merle LeSage, Manager, Chicago Order Buyers, Inc., 308 Exchange
Building, Union Stock Yards, Chicago 60609 1 year
Stanley Rosenberger, Woodlawn 62898 2 years
Cooperative Extension
Virgil C. Bremer, Metropolis 6296O 2 years
Wayne E. Bruns, Winchester 62694 3 years
Huel Cross, Belle Rive 3 years
'
Mrs. John Erickson, R. R. k, Carbondale
Mrs. William G. Follmer, Forrest 617^1
Mrs. William Grover, Chana 61015
Mrs. Carl Guebert, R. R. 2, Red Bud
R. Harold Johnson, R. R. 1, Box 133, Wise Road, Decatur 62526
Thomas B. Kirkpatrick, Greene Farm Management Service, 93^ North
Orange Street, Peoria 61606
Donald Lavfer, Kent 6l(M
Herman A. Lindholm, R. R. 1, Box 112, Naperville 605*+0
Elmer J. Olson, R. R. 1, Hoopeston 609^2
Orison R. Seibert, R. R. 1, Belleville 62220
Arnold Taft, D.V.M., R. R. 2, Mack Avenue, Olney
Mrs. Justin Wagy, Payson
1 year
2 years
2 years
2 years
1 year
2 years
3 years
1 year
3 years
1 year
3 years
1 year
Dairy Science
Norman E. Henke, Staunton
Homer Kearnaghan, Kraft Foods, Milledgeville
Charles M. Laury, Tall Timber Farm, Route 3> Danville
Kent M. Ryan, General Sales Manager, Honeggers' & Co., Inc.,
Fairbury 61739
Avery A.Vose, President, Pure Milk Association, 3^3 South Dearborn,
Chicago 6060k (home: R. R. 2, Antioch)
3 years
3 years
3 years
3 years
1 year
Forestry
A. Fletcher Marsh, Marsh & Truman Lumber Co., 332 South Michigan Avenue,
Chicago
Glen E. Massie, Arenzviile Road, R. R. 1, Beardstown
Eldon C. Weber, R. R. 1, Geneseo 6125U
Horticulture (Food Crops)
Curt E. Eckert, Eckert Orchards, Inc.-, R. R. 1, Belleville
Wayne C. Handwork, Divisional Manager, Agricultural Department,
Campbell Soup Company, 2550 West 35th Street, Chicago 60632
J. Bon Hartline, Hartline's Holly Nursery, Anna
Harry J. Paarlberg, Box l66, South Holland
Horticulture (Floriculture, Ornamentals)
Alfred L. Fiore, President, Charles Fiore Nurseries, Inc . , State
Route 22, Prairie View 60069
Harold E. Gucker, Edwin Gucker and Son, Western Avenue Greenhouses
and Gardens, Mattoon
James E. Moorhead, Moorhead Nursery, R. R. k, Box h, Rockford 61111
Lyle Swartley, Sterling Greenhouses, 1706 East Fifth Street, Sterling
Robert M. Williams, Superintendent, Bob O'Link Golf Club, Highland
Park
General Committee
Representing
Agricultural Economics
Agricultural Engineering
Agronomy
Dale E. Butz
A. Stephen Paydon
Hugh P. Morrison
3 years
2 years
2 years
3 years
2 years
3 years
2 years
3 years
1 year
3 years
1 year
3 years
1 year
1 year
1 year
Animal Science - Harxy C. Eaton 1 year
Dairy Science - Avery A, Vose 1 year
Forestry - A. Fletcher Marsh 1 year
Horticulture - Wayne C. Handwork 1 year
Cooperative Extension - Herman A. Lindholm 1 year
At-Large
Joseph Ackerman, Managing Director, Farm Foundation, 600 South
Michigan Avenue, Chicago 60605 1 year
Paul C. Johnson, Vice President and Editorial Director, Prairie
Farmer, 1230 West Washington Boulevard, Chicago 60607 1 year
NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
International Authority Appointed
To Strengthen Foreign Training
URBANA — "If we are to be effective in assisting emerging
nations in the development of their agricultural resources, our staff
members must understand primitive agriculture, " M. D. Thorne, head of
the Department of Agronomy, said today as he announced the appointment
of Jack R. Harlan to the University of Illinois staff.
An international authority on the development of agricultural
systems and their influence on cultures of various countries, Harlan's
continued work on the origin and evolution of cultivated plants will
strengthen U. of I. foreign programs. These programs include on-campus
teaching and research as well as field work in foreign countries,
said Thorne.
"Current and past activities clearly indicate a continuing
and growing commitment of the College of Agriculture to the development
of a broad-based international dimension to its teaching, research,
graduate training and public service programs," Thorne continued.
Several active research projects in the Agricultural
Experiment Station specifically consider international problems. These
involve the staff and graduate students in research related to south-
east Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Latin America and Asia. A
major interdepartmental research program will study the potential of
soybeans as a major food and feed crop in India.
-more-
Add International Authority Appointed - 2
At the present time, many of the graduate students in the
College of Agriculture come from foreign countries. Each year the
college provides a variety of short courses, special training sessions,
and orientation seminars for individuals and groups of academic and
administrative personnel from foreign countries. In addition, several
staff members of the college are actively participating in inter-
national agricultural programs of the Rockefeller and Ford foundations
and the USDA as well as in the work of the Midwest Consortium.
Thorne also reports that increasing numbers of American
students who are finding employment outside the United States need
basic training on the characteristics and production practices of
crops important in other areas but not grown here.
As part of the increasing involvement of the College of
Agriculture in overseas programs, Harlan will spend about half his
time on foreign assignments. Formerly he was a professor of agronomy
at Oklahoma State University at Stillwater, Oklahoma, in charge of
forage crops research. In this position, Harlan took part in several
foreign-plant exploration assignments.
The agronomist has authored or co-authored three books,
written chapters in four books and presented about 100 papers and
articles in scientific journals. Various institutions and organiza-
tions have asked Harlan to participate in symposia or invited him as
a visiting professor. He visited the U. of I. campus to lecture
two years ago. Harlan has also participated extensively in the activi-
ties of the American Society of Agronomy and other organizations
dedicated to solving forage problems.
-more-
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Harlan's recent honors and awards include: president of
Crop Science Society of America, 1965-66; Visiting Scientist, American
Society of Agronomy, 1963-64; Merit Award, American Grassland Council,
1962; Fellow, ASA, 1962; John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Fellow, 1959;
and Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1956.
Harlan received his B.S. with Distinction from George
Washington University in 1938 and. a Ph.D. from the University of
California at Berkeley in Genetics in 1942.
-30-
JJF:pg
9/30/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
lf534 Cattle Sold At Dixon Springs
DIXON SPRINGS — In the first of a series of cooperative
feeder cattle sales in Illinois this year, 1,534 cattle were sold at
Dixon Springs Agricultural Center, September 22. The Egyptian Live-
stock Association sponsored the sale.
Top sale price was $32.50 per 100 pounds for 30 Hereford
steers weighing an average of 353 pounds.
Choice grade steer calves weighing 300 to 500 pounds sold
freely in the $28 to $31.50 range. Heavier choice calves sold from
$26.50 to $29 per 100 pounds.
Choice yearling steer prices ranged from $24.50 to $27 a
hundred. Choice heifers in all weights and ages brought $3 to $4 less
than steers.
Keith Jones of Fithian bought 216 head, the largest number.
Albert Hofer of Cissna Park bought 134 head.
More than 100 producers consigned an average of 15 cattle
each. University of Illinois extension specialists and area farm
advisers prepared the cattle for the sale.
Four other cooperative sales are scheduled for these loca-
tions and dates: Dixon Springs Agricultural Center, October 6, spon-
sored by the Egyptian Livestock Association; Carrollton, November 3;
Pittsfield, November 7; and Macomb, November 17, sponsored by the
Western Illinois Livestock Association.
-30-
GAR:pg
9/30/66
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Clover Mites Disturb
Observant Housewives
URBANA — "If you see tiny dark red or almost black specks on
the window sill, baseboard or door — and they suddenly 'take off- — don't
be alarmed, " cautions University of Illinois extension entomologist
Don Kuhlman.
"Your eyes aren't playing tricks on you," says Kuhlman.
"Chances are that clover mites have chosen your house as an over-
wintering site."
Mites sometimes overwinter under the bark of trees. But
they also like to overwinter on the concrete, brick and stone outside
of buildings or in cracks and crevices in the wall.
"Upon inspection you can find adults, nymphs, resting stages
and eggs in these winter quarters," says Kuhlman. And during warm
spells, a few eggs hatch, producing very small, bright red larvae.
Clover mites spend the summer in the egg stage. These
summer eggs hatch when moderate temperatures return in the fall.
That's the reason for the invasion now, Kuhlman points out. During
the winter mites become inactive. But you can expect another invasion
next spring about the time the grass turns green.
-more-
Add Clover Mites - 2
Clover mites feed on grass, clover and weeds in the lawn.
They do not feed on clothing, draperies, curtains, rugs or foodstuffs.
Nor do they bite people. Mites appear in houses either because they
are wandering between molts or because they are looking for food. How
much of a nuisance clover mites become around the house depends a
great deal on the housekeeper's point of view, says Kuhlman.
Here are his recommendations if you have a clover mite
problem:
First, clean up the infestation inside the house with a
vacuum cleaner. Treat infested areas, such as window sills and base-
boards, with a pyrethrum-containing aerosol bomb. Hold the nozzle
about six inches from the treated surface. These measures will solve
the problem temporarily.
But you'll have to treat often unless you treat an area
around the house in this manner:
Remove grass and weeds next to the foundation and leave a
strip of bare soil at least 18 inches wide. You can replant this
strip with such flowers as zinnias, marigolds, chrysanthemums, roses,
salvia and other plants which do not attract clover mites. Landscape
specialists suggest low-growing junipers or similar shrubs, ground
cover, large gravel or an unadorned border. Such treatment, especially
for the front yard, is more in vogue than blooming annuals, "mums"
or roses.
Regardless of the landscape treatment, apply chemicals to
the foundation and wall up to the windows and to the lawn extending
out from the house in one of these ways: (1) Dust heavily with
Aramite, chlorobenzilate or kelthane* (2) Spray heavily with Aramite
15-W or chlorobenzilate 25-W at the rate of 8 pounds per 100 gallons
of water. (3) Use kelthane 18.5-W at the rate of 2 pounds per 100
gallons. If a sprayer is not available, apply with a sprinkling can,
using 1/4 pound to 3 gallons of water.
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FOR RELEASE THURSDAY
OCTOBER 13, 1966
Illinois FFA Member Wins
Regional Poultry Award
URBANA — A 17-year-old member of the Illinois Future Farmers
of America has been named winner of the FFA Regional Poultry Farming
Award. He is Chris Bohlen, son of Mr. and Mrs. Orlando Bohlen of
rural Moweaqua.
Bohlen' s path to the regional award started last spring when
he was selected State FFA Poultry Farming Award winner from among five
district finalists. Top FFA poultry farmers from 13 central states
competed, for the regional title that includes a $200 cash award plus
the right to compete for the national title. The national winner will
be announced October 13 at the National FFA Convention in Kansas City,
Missouri.
Bohlen started his poultry enterprise with 600 layers pur-
chased during his freshman year in vocational agriculture. He has now
increased his enterprise to 2,200 high-quality layers. His records
show that his production costs are about 14.6 cents per dozen eggs
compared to his average selling price of 39 cents per dozen.
In addition to running a successful poultry enterprise,
Bohlen is section 19 FFA vice-president and has served as vice-
president and sentinel of his FFA chapter. He was a delegate to the
1965 State FFA Convention and has won FFA awards in public speaking,
poultry, beef and small grain production.
Bohlen has twice served as president of his class and is a
member of the National Honor Society, band and chorus. This summer he
served as an American Field Service exchange student in Chile. He is
now president of the Decatur District of the Methodist Youth
Fellowship.
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10/4/66
NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
L^s
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
"Face-Lifting" Helps
To Stop Downtown Decline
URBANA--T0 help curb the loss of customers to suburban shop-
ping centers, downtown merchants can cooperate in improving the city
business district's appearance and parking facilities.
Planting trees, shrubs and flowers in the city business dis-
trict is one way of attracting customers, according to William R. Nel-
son, Jr., University of Illinois extension landscape architect. Trees
and other plants contrast pleasantly with the architectural regularity
found in most business districts.
Nelson also recommends that city ordinances regulate the
size and location of advertising signs. "Poorly designed, tasteless
and offensive advertising signs often confuse the shopper and may even
drive him away," he says. "Large rooftop signs and signs that hang
over the sidewalk are the worst offenders."
He also suggests that unused, open areas behind and between
buildings be converted to parking areas or even to pedestrian courts
and malls with attractive street furniture. Malls also might improve
the sidewalk system by providing shorter walking routes between build-
ings. Shoppers could exit at one store's back door, cross the mall
and enter another store previously reached only by going around the
block.
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"Unfortunately downtown streets in many communities impede
potential shoppers," he says. Eliminating left turns or installing
special left turn lanes, improving the sequencing of traffic lights
and separating car traffic and pedestrian areas as much as possible
should improve traffic flow. To reduce the visual dominance of park-
ing areas, Nelson suggests screening parking lots with structural or
plant materials.
Organizations such as the Chamber of Commerce and the Retail
Merchants Association could take responsibility for initiating im-
provement programs, says Nelson. These organizations should consult
a landscape architect and present a unified plan to the merchants and
the community.
"A well-planned and competently executed program can increase
property values in the downtown area, bring shoppers back to it and
instill new pride in the community," he says.
Nelson and Joe A. Porter, former assistant in landscape
architecture at the University of Illinois, explain these and other
problems in Circular 937, "New Life for Your Business District." For
a free copy, see your county farm adviser or write to the College of
Agriculture Publications Office, 112 Mumford Hall, University of
Illinois, Urbana.
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Gluing Tips Offered
EDITOR' S NOTE: A diagram showing hew to apply glue accompanies this
story.
URBANA--If you're hazy about methods of gluing or v/hat glue
to use on your project, an Agricultural Engineers' Digest published
recently by the Midwest Plan Service will answer your questions, says
University of Illinois agricultural engineer D. G. Jedeie. The U. of I.
agricultural engineering department is one of the cooperating members
of the Midwest Plan Service which has its headquarters at Iowa State
University,
The Digest explains how to select a glue for a particular
purpose, and also how to select wood with the durability, moisture
content and other characteristics that will fit your needs.
You'll also get instructions and recommendations for the
appropriate quantity, assembly time, temperature, pressure and curing
time for several glues, Jedeie says. And a special section on struc-
tural gluing describes precautions and procedures that you must con-
sider. The last page of the Digest contains a table listing the
properties of resorcinol, urea, polyvinyl, epoxy, casein and animal
glues.
Order your free copy of "Gluing Wood" from the Department
of Agricultural Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
61801.
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Flies Mean Added Woes
For Home Orchardists
URBANA — So you didn't spray your backyard orchard this
growing season, and the apples you harvested were gnarled and pitted.
Chances are good, then, that a fly visited your trees last August,
says University of Illinois agricultural entomologist Ron Meyer of
the Illinois Natural History Survey.
This fly is the adult of the apple maggot. According to
Meyer, the maggot rarely has damaged fruit in central Illinois. But
this year he found the pest as far south as Clark county in the eastern
part of the state and Adams county in the western part.
The fly is about one-fourth inch long, slightly smaller
than the common house fly. The body is black with white bands on the
abdomen. The female fly has four white bands, and the male has three.
And both the male and the female have four dark bands on each wing.
The flies feed in the same manner as the house fly, either
sponging up liquids or dissolving food in their saliva before sponging
it up. Because of these feeding habits, insecticides sprayed on
apples will readily control the flies. But too often, says Meyer,
home orchardists neglect spraying to control this apple pest and
others.
The apple maggot feeds on apples, crabapples and plums, and
to a lesser extent on blueberries and huckleberries. It prefers soft
and thin-skinned fruit, so it usually seeks out early-ripening apple
varieties.
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Damage to fruit occurs when the female fly deposits eggs
in the fruit with a needle-like ovipositor. Even if the eggs don't
hatch, the hole made by the ovipositor usually stops apple growth at
that point. A pit or dimple resembling a fine pencil point appears
on the apple surface.
If an egg hatches and the larva survives, it affects a
larger area, giving the fruit a gnarled appearance. In the firm fruit
of late apples, the larvae leave tiny brown trails that have a corky
appearance. In early apples or as the late fruit softens, the larvae
grow rapidly and the trails become large, allowing decay to occur.
"Although you can kill the flies easily, complete control
depends on community effort," Meyer points out. Killing the larvae
or pupae in the soil or disposing of the fallen fruit before the
larvae emerge will control the fly only if neighboring orchardists
cooperate. Meyer suggests aldrin granules as the most practical
way to control apple maggot larvae or pupae in the soil.
Commercial fruit producers control the pest by poisoning
the adult fly with a stomach poison or some of the modern contact
insecticides. To control the fly, you must cover the entire tree.
Spraying trees and bushes around the fruit trees is added insurance,
says Meyer.
Guthion does an outstanding job of controlling the fly, but
DDT, malathion and diazinon are the least hazardous to use. Use DDT
with malathion or diazinon, Meyer advises.
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Apple maggot larvae that hatch during the early spring in
soft apples usually mature in the fall. But some may spend a complete
year in the larval or pupal stage. "So once the insects choose your
apple crop as their home, you can expect them to be unwelcome guests
for at least two years," says Meyer.
While the memory of this year's apple crop failure is fresh
in your mind, contact your farm adviser for a suggested spray schedule
that will control apple maggots and other orchard pests, Meyer suggests.
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JJFtpg
10/14/66
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Extension Service Mission;
Help Solve Fundamental Problems
URBANA — The mission of the University of Illinois Cooperative
Extension Service is to help people solve major problems facing modern
society through research-based educational programs, Director
J. B. Claar stated Thursday.
Speaking to the state and county staff at the annual confer-
ence, he said that the work of the Cooperative Extension Service and
College of Agriculture is a tremendous demonstration that the best
way to deal with many of these problems is through problem-oriented
educational programs.
Claar emphasized that the cooperative extension program
strikes at the heart of many problems facing society. Today a great
deal of innovation is taking place in extension programs and techniques
to deal with the wider range of responsibilities that arise from more
specialized and rapidly changing conditions.
Claar listed six specific missions for the Cooperative
Extension Service in this modern setting:
(1) Assure efficient and adequate production and distribu-
tion of food and fiber. The agricultural industry, both on and off
the farm, must continue its spectacular development in order to keep
the growing population adequately fed, clothed and sheltered and to
meet its commitments abroad. Farmers and other agricultural business
firms need specialized scientific information based on research at
the University, U.S. Department of Agriculture and other experiment
stations. Congress recognized this need recently when it passed the
Technical Services Act, which expanded such technical education.
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(2) Strengthen the family and home through family life and
home economics education. The family is the basic unit in our society.
Extension programs in child development, family economics, nutrition,
family life and related areas strike at fundamental problems that
affect family stability and happiness. And the needs in these areas
are growing along with our rising population. A great deal of innova-
tion and experimentation is taking place throughout the state, includ-
ing the initiation of specific programs for hard-to-reach groups.
(3) Provide education and experiences to help young people
achieve their potential. 4-H is a major part of the extension program.
Projects, activities and leader training help young people gain
knowledge, skills and experiences that will help them earn a living
and motivate them to live full and useful lives. The highest youth
population in history is placing great demands on the extension staff
and volunteer leaders to provide these learn-by-doing c ^periences to
more youngsters now than ever before. New projects are being developed
and new techniques are being used that are having an enthusiastic
reception.
(4) Improve the quality of our environment. Communities
face serious management and development problems relating to community
services, resource use and conservation, economic development anJ
protection against both manmade and natural hazards. Solution of these
problems requires research-based technical knowledge and organizational
know-how to which extension workers are prepared to contribute.
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( 5 ) Inform local people about services that erigi n ite out-
side the community, and help them learn how +o uj e them . County and
area extension offices are helping people throughout tlie state now
their University and the many services and educational opportunities
provided by it and other agencies. Through such activities the
community can more effectively use these tools toward the accomplish-
ment of local goals.
(6) Help people around the world use cooperative extension
methods. This promises to be a most demanding dimension in the future.
The teaching methods, organization and principles used in helping
solve everydiy problems at home provide a pattern for helping people
in developing ccuntr'es deal with their pressing problems. The know-
bow gained by extension workers is being applied in assistance programs
in many countries. Soxug extension staff members are now working under
pnivegs.* fcy contract programs in India and Sierra Lsonc The n.7 rood
for r- ~:l r..--y greatly expand this work.
Extension's educational efforts tc help individuals an-1
groups, multji?li?jrt nany tiroes over, acM1. up to a mighty force for
fur .cing community, state e: i national goals, Clrar concluded.
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10/. *^6
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Pork Producers' Survey
Receives Light Response
URBANA--There has been a light response from Illinois hog
farmers to a National Pork Producers Council opinion survey on pork
improvement, research and promotion. As of September 30, only 283 of
a hoped-for 7,000 response had. been received.
The council, composed of state organizations like the Illi-
nois Pork Producers Association, represents the swine industry,
particularly in national legislation. The Illinois association is
a federation of local and county organizations.
The rational council hopes to have at least 50,000 U.S. hog
farmers egress opinions about swine industry needs. But the Septem-
ber 30 tally showed, only 1,439 returns.
Every farmer who has an interest in the hog industry should
fill out a survey form, says G. R. Carlisle, University of Illinois
extension livestock specialist. Forms are available in the September
issue of the "National Hog Farmer" magazine and from county farm
advisers. Swine producers may also write to the "National Hog Farmer"
for a survey form.
In proportion to the size of the industries, less federal
and state money has been spent for swine research than for beef, dairy,
sheep and poultry, Carlisle points out. For every $1 billion of dairy
retail products, the dairy industry receives about $2.7 million for
research. Beef cattle research expenditures amount to about $2.8 mil-
lion for every $1 billion of beef retail products. About $4 million
is spent for poultry research for every $1 billion of poultry retail
products. But for every $1 billion of pork retail products, only
about $2.16 million goes into swine research.
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Illinois has been increasing its share of national hog
production, Carlisle notes. According to census data, Illinois hog
production totaled 12.3 million in 1964, or 14.5 percent of the U.S.
total, up from 10.8 percent in 1940.
During the past 15 years, per capita pork consumption has
declined about one percent a year. Per capita beef consumption has
increased about one percent annually, and poultry has made "amazing
gains," Carlisle says. Illinois* increasing share of the national
production and declining per capita pork consumption makes efforts to
maintain or expand hog markets very important for Illinois agriculture,
says Carlisle,
Hopefully, the opinion survey will indicate problems that
hog farmers think need the most attention so that the council can then
direct its efforts toward research on these problems. The council
initiated the national hog cholera eradication program, now in its
final phases in many states.
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10/14/66
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Soil Conservation Society To Hold
Annual Meeting At U. Of I.
URBANA — The Northern Illinois chapter of the Soil Conserva-
tion Society of America will hold its 13th annual meeting at the
University of Illinois Thursday and Friday, October 20-21, according
to program chairman Kenneth K. Neitzel, Champaign.
Orville G. Bentley, dean of the U. of I. College of Agri-
culture, will be the featured speaker at the banquet Thursday evening
in the Illini Union ballroom.
The meeting begins Thursday afternoon with a panel discussion
moderated by Bruce B. Clark, retired Soil Conservation Service (SCS)
state conservationist. William R. oschwald, U. of I. professor of
soil classification; John C. Guillou, chief Illinois waterway engineer;
William R. Boggess, U. of I. professor of forestry; and William J.
Harth, Illinois Division of Fisheries superintendent, will discuss
"Where We Stand on Resource Conservation."
Friday morning Earl R. Swanson, U. of I. professor of farm
management production economics, will speak on the economics of soil
and water conservation. Paul J. Warrick, head of the SCS Watershed-
River Basin Work Plan Party, will talk about "Costs and Benefits of
Water Impoundment Structures."
Following an awards luncheon Friday, Allerton Park Director
Walter M. Keith, a U. of I. professor of landscape architecture, will
discuss "Robert Allerton Park — A Resource in the Midwestern Expansion
of Parks and Recreation."
Registration for the annual meeting begins at 1 p.m. Thurs-
day in Room 314A of the Illini Union. Persons interested in conser-
vation of natural resources are invited to attend the sessions.
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10/14/66
NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
JNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Record Turkey Production Expected
URBANA — More turkeys will be available for holiday tables
this year than ever before, says R. P. Bentz, University of Illinois
agricultural economist.
Bentz points out that the U. S. Department of Agriculture
has predicted that turkey numbers this year will exceed the 1965
volume by 10 to 12 percent. If the USDA predictions are correct, the
1966 turkey crop will amount to 115 to 117 million birds. Illinois is
expected to produce about 1.3 million birds, ranking seventh among
the 12 north-central states.
At Thanksgiving and Christmas, 8- to 16-pound turkeys are
expected to sell for about 45 cents a pound, says Bentz. "This price
is four cents less than last year's average, and it's a welcome change
for consumers who have recently faced so many food price increases,"
he says. Heavier turkeys may sell for less than 40 cents a pound.
"Turkeys are going to be a good buy this year because of
price competition from both broilers and pork and because of a record
turkey crop," Bentz explains. As a result, average retail prices for
turkeys should be lower in most areas this fall."
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Here are Bentz's observations on supply and farm price
situations for the fall season when more than two-thirds of the year's
turkey supply is consumed:
— Turkey slaughter for the first six months of this year was
32 percent higher than the same period last year. Despite the effort
to market birds early, the bulk of the turkey crop has yet to move off
farms.
— Cold storage stocks of turkeys fell this summer to the
lowest level in five years. But by September 1 stocks had increased
to nearly 166 million pounds, a record high for that date. Carryover
on January 1 is also expected to reach a record high.
— Farm prices for turkeys this fall are expected to average
about 21 cents a pound. This means the 1966 average farm price will
be down only slightly from the 22.6 cents per pound average in 1965.
During the first eight months of this year, turkey prices averaged
23.2 cents a pound, one-half cent above last year's average for the
same period.
--The North-Central Region will produce about 46 percent of
this year's turkey crop. Minnesota, Iowa and Missouri are the three
leading turkey-producing states in the region. But each of the
12 states in the region — except Kansas — will probably raise more than
a million birds this year.
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10/11/66
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Exhibits To Show Ag College In Action
At Student Guest Day, October 29
URBANA — "Harnessing the Future" is the theme of a series of
special exhibits that will show the University of Illinois College of
Agriculture in action as a feature of the annual Student Guest Day in
Urbana, Saturday, October 29.
The exhibits, which will be manned by students, will be open
at the Stock Pavilion during the lunch hour. They will illustrate
college club activities, organized housing, departmental programs and
career possibilities in agriculture.
Student Guest Day gives all Illinois high school students an
opportunity to get the latest information about college costs, admis-
sion requirements, scholarships and housing, plus the chance to tour
the University's laboratories and classrooms and meet the faculty.
The day's program starts at 8:45 a.m. with registration in
the lobby of the University Auditorium. Following a film on agricul-
tural careers at 9:15 a.m., Dean Orville G. Bentley of the College of
Agriculture will welcome guests. Assistant dean of the college
Warren K. Wessels will preside.
At 10:05 a.m., Dr. Karl E. Gardner, associate dean of the
college, will present an introduction to the University. Edward L.
McMillen, a U. of I. sophomore, will discuss "My First Year at Illi-
nois." E. E. Oliver, associate dean of admissions and records, will
explain admission requirements and scholarships. And C. D. Smith,
assistant dean of the college, will talk about housing and costs.
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Following lunch and the exhibits, visitors will attend .
special interest sessions in which faculty members will answer specific
questions about courses and careers in agriculture. Discussion at
these sessions will center on crops and soils, horticulture and flori-
culture, animal science, dairy science, agricultural economics, farm
management and agricultural marketing, law, education, extension,
communications, engineering and mechanization, forest production and
wood technology, veterinary medicine, food science and dairy technology,
general agriculture and agricultural industries.
Each of these sessions will be repeated so that visitors may
attend at least two of them. And university students will be available
throughout the day to answer questions about the courses.
Interested parents and teachers are also invited to attend
Student Guest Day. Box lunch tickets will be available to all visitors
for $1 each at the time of registration.
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JAPtpg
10/11/66
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS RESEARCH BRIEFS
NOTE TO EDITORS: This story relates to research projects presently
underway or recently completed by scientists in the U. of I. College
of Agriculture.
Narrow Rows Demand New Concepts
In Harvesting Equipment
About 2 percent of Illinois' 9-million-acre corn crop was
planted in 30-inch rows in 1965, the first year commercial equipment
for narrow-row planting was available on a production basis.
However, the switch to narrow rows is bound to mushroom from
that modest beginning, say University of Illinois agricultural engi-
neers. The result will surely be new concepts of planting and har-
vesting equipment.
Extension agricultural engineer Wendell Bowers says typical
costs to convert equipment to narrow-row planting ranged from $3.83
per acre per year on 100 acres to $1.40 per acre annually on 600 acres,
Conversion costs between those two extremes averaged $2.30
for 200 acres, $1.82 for 300 acres, $1.60 for 400 acres and $1.48 for
500 acres.
Keep Boars Cool
Illinois animal scientists say research indicates that it
may be important to keep boars cool during the breeding season.
In one study, litters averaged 7.8 pigs when both the sow
and boar had shade during the breeding season. Average litter size
jumped to 8.5 pigs when sows had access to a sprinkler and the boars
didn't and to 8.9 when only the boar was sprinkled.
Litters averaged 9.6 pigs when both the boar and sow were
sprinkled.
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10/11/66
NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
rtfiL
JNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
URBANA, ILLINOIS
SPECIAL COVERAGE
DAIRY FIELDMEN'S CONFERENCE
FOR RELEASE TUESDAY P.M.,
October 18, 1966
Illinois Mastitis Council Aims
To Improve Milk Production, Reduce Losses
URBANA — Improving milk production and reducing economic
losses from mastitis are the primary objectives of the newly organized
Illinois Mastitis Council, reports G. W. Meyerholz, University of
Illinois extension veterinarian and council member.
Speaking at the U. of I. annual Dairy Fieldmen's Conference
here Tuesday (October 18), Meyerholz stated that, by pooling the in-
terests and talents of the Illinois dairy industry, the council hopes
that additional progress can be made in reducing mastitis.
In Illinois mastitis — an inflammatory disease of the udder
of dairy cows — costs an estimated $12 million annually. The greatest
loss occurs through decreased milk production, which amounts to more
than 10 percent in affected herds. In addition, milk from severely
affected and treated milk glands is discarded. Recent evidence in-
dicates that the disease also contributes significantly to decreased
yields of cheese and other manufactured milk products.
Meyerholz said that preventing losses from mastitis is
becoming increasingly important as the number of dairy cattle contin-
ues to decrease, presenting the possibility of a short milk supply in
the near future.
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Diagnostic and screening tests will help to identify problem
herds and could help to detect early mastitis before severe damage
occurs, Meyerholz said. But the dairyman must have good technical
assistance on the farm to help him prevent mastitis. He may need to
invest more labor and money in a control and prevention program. But
this investment should pay dividends in increased production and
profits, Meyerholz added.
Since multiple factors contribute to the severity of mastitis
and its spread, there is no easy solution or shortcut to reducing the
problem, Meyerholz noted. The dairyman must scrutinize the total milk
management program — including milking systems and practices, sanita-
tion, housing and nutrition. Diagnosis and treatment must be improved
to salvage profitable cows. It often takes six months to a year to
bring the disease under control once a severe outbreak occurs.
Meyerholz pointed out that scientists have accumulated
important knowledge about mastitis and its multiple causes, both
infectious and non-infectious. And recommendations have been made for
controlling the disease.
Where herd owners have strictly adhered to good milking and
management principles, mastitis has been significantly reduced or
prevented. These results lead to increased profits for the dairy-
man. And it is likely that more progress can be made in reducing the
disease if the Illinois dairy industry supports the council's efforts,
Meyerholz concluded.
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SPECIAL COVERAGE
DAIRY FIELDMEN'S CONFERENCE
FOR RELEASE TUESDAY P.M.,
OCTOBER 18, 1966
Establish Sound Feeding Program
For Profitable Dairy Business
URBANA — The key to a profitable dairy business is high
production per cow. And milk production records serve to identify
the profitable cows in your herd and provide the basis for estab-
lishing a sound feeding program, according to University of Illinois
dairy researcher Carl L. Davis.
Davis told the Dairy Fieldmen's Conference here Tuesday
(October 18) that since feed costs represent about 50 percent of
the total cost of producing milk on the farm, they play a major role
in determining profits and losses. An imbalance of nutrients or under-
feeding is a problem in the majority of Illinois dairy herds.
Energy, protein, minerals and water are the dietary needs
of cows, Davis pointed out. Energy and protein requirements vary with
the size, age and activity of the animal and with the amount and fat
content of milk produced.
The "best" source of any nutrient is the one that is read-
ily available and is the most economical in per-pound cost, Davis
noted. Farm grains like corn or oats, roughages (hay and silage)
and protein supplements are the usual sources of energy for dairy
cows. Soybean oil meal is one source of protein. Urea, a nonprotein
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nitrogen, also may be used to supply part of the nitrogen needs of
cows. Salt and a calcium and phosphorus supplement will meet the
mineral requirements.
In outlining general guides established to help dairymen
meet the nutritive needs of lactating dairy cows by using available
feeds, Davis said that a first requisite is to feed all the good-quality
roughage a cow will eat without waste. An average cow will consume
about two pounds of medium-quality hay for every 100 pounds of body
weight. And about three pounds of corn silage will replace one pound
of hay on a dry-matter basis when silage is fed instead of hay.
Then adjust the protein content of the grain mixture to
properly supplement the kind and quality of roughage fed. The grain
mixture should contain from 10 to 12 percent of crude protein if all-
legume roughages are fed, Davis said.
For example, a combination of legume and non-legume roughage
will require a grain mixture containing 13 to 15 percent of protein.
And a 16 to 18 percent protein content is needed when all non-legume
forages are fed.
Last, feed grain according to production to meet the
nutritive needs of dairy cows. Jerseys and Guernseys producing
30 to 50 pounds of milk each day will need one pound of grain for
every two to three pounds of milk produced. Holstein, Brown Swiss
and Ayrshire cows producing 40 to 60 pounds of milk daily will need
one pound of grain for every three to four pounds of milk produced.
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Davis emphasized that the general guides he had presented
would work well in meeting the nutrient needs of average cows under
average conditions. And he suggested that, for more details on feed-
ing lactating dairy cows, dairymen ask their county farm advisers for
a copy of "Current Dairy Feeding Recommendations."
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10/18/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
U. S., Mainland China To Continue
Soybean Production Lead
PEORIA— The United States will continue to produce more
than 70 percent of the world's soybeans during the next 10 years,
the Dean of the University of Illinois College of Agriculture stated
Monday.
Speaking before the International Conference on Soybean
Protein Foods, Orville G. Bentley presented these estimates of the
potentials and limitations for worldwide soybean production.
During the past 10 years, U. S. production has expanded
while production in the rest of the world has declined. All factors
considered, major producers in the next 10 years will probably
continue to be the United States and mainland China— the two countries
producing 91 percent of world output in 1965.
Increasing output in Brazil, the Soviet Far East, Canada
and Mexico will give these countries a rising share of world output.
Unfavorable growing conditions will discourage acreage
expansion in western Europe, western United States, western South
America and other similar areas.
In some countries, government policies may influence growers
to plant other crops. But if prices for various crops are permitted
to direct production, growers will plant soybeans rather than another
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crop when they expect more prof-it. The soybean plant has a high
degree of adaptability and is recognized all over the world as an
efficient producer of high-quality protein and edible oil.
Students of world food problems agree that more protein
is the most critical need both now and in the foreseeable future.
Soybeans rank far ahead of other crops in supplying protein for
both human and animal use. When the needs for protein are great
enough and the market system recognizes this need, there is a
potential for growing more soybeans — the nuggets of nutrition for
a hungry world, Dean Bentley concluded.
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10/18/66
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Dairy Farming Nets Modest Returns
Compared With Other Farm Operations
URBANA — Dairy farmers have realized only modest returns
from their labor and management compared with other farm operators,
a University of Illinois agricultural economist recently told the
Dairy Fieldmen's Conference.
Franklin J. Reiss reported that in 1965 the operator's
labor and management earnings averaged $4, 315 on 94 northern Illinois
rented dairy farms averaging 40 milk cows per farm. These farms
averaged 228 acres of tillable land, 19.3 months of labor per year
and a tenant's investment of $24,004 per farm.
Comparatively, in the same year 184 northern Illinois
grain farming tenants had operator's labor and management earnings
of $6,497 per farm. These farms averaged 249 tillable acres,
required only 13.5 months of labor per farm and had a tenant's
investment of $19, 147 per farm.
Both groups of farmers were renting farms valued at more
than $125,000 per farm, Reiss noted.
It is evident, he said, that dairy farm earnings must
increase if capable young men are to be attracted to dairying.
There are many non-farm employment opportunities that offer
attractive wages and hours.
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In discussing how a young man can acquire enough land
and capital to do an efficient job of dairy production and make it
pay, Reiss said that the equity of 50 percent or more required by
most lenders makes ownership impossible. But there are some
alternative ways of entering farming, Reiss emphasized.
To acquire farm land and buildings, the young farmer may
choose leasing or low-equity ownership. He has the same two basic
alternatives for meeting the need for operating capital. He may
own key items, hire others or use the credit backing of his parents
or other interested individuals. Leasing possibilities include
labor-share leases, father-son farm operating agreements, equipment
leasing and livestock leasing.
Reiss pointed out that there is no single answer or simple
guide for selecting a plan. Ownership should generally not be the
choice, he said, if it ties up capital that would earn more if used
to build a larger volume of business. He cautioned farmers to
borrow only for purposes that will earn more than the cost of
borrowing and only if repayment is possible.
Leasing farmland is not new, Reiss said, but much of what
should be in a good farm lease _is new. Therefore, he advised farmers
to get the latest information before signing a lease.
On the other hand, equipment and livestock leasing is new.
Reiss offered these suggestions on leasing*
— Lease only if ownership is not feasible, and then only
if the leased property will earn enough to pay the cost of leasing.
— Lease only if released equity capital will earn more
in some other use.
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— Remember that rental payments must cover all costs of
ownership by lender. Therefore, it may be cheaper to own the items
than to lease them.
For example, what it costs to rent a dairy cow depends
largely on the value of the cow. Two of the biggest items to be
covered by the rental charge — interest on the value of the cow and
the amount by which her value decreases per year--may be classified
as depreciation. The average annual death loss and property taxes
are also included. And if the owner pays for veterinary bills,
breeding fees and hauling costs, they also may be included in the
rental charge.
Rental payments may be in cash or in a share of the calves
dropped or milk produced, or both, Reiss said. If you have labor,
space and feed to handle more cows than you can own, he added,
leasing may be a way to increase your net income. You can either
lease cows direct or spread your labor and management over a larger
herd under a livestock-share or labor-share lease.
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10/21/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Aq College Enrollment Hits
New High Of 2, 124 Students
URBANA — Enrollment at the University of Illinois College
of Agriculture has hit a new high this fall with 1,692 undergraduate
and. 432 graduate students, according to C. D. Smith, assistant dean.
This year's undergraduate enrollment increased by 125, or
8 percent, compared with a 1965 increase of 161. The two years
combined represent a 20 percent increase over 1964, Smith said.
Speaking at a recent conference of the state extension
staff, Smith noted that the 1966 enrollment figures do not include
about 100 agricultural engineering students in the College of
Engineering, 50 home economics students in Liberal Arts and Sciences
and about 200 professional students in the College of Veterinary
Medicine. With these additions, enrollment in agriculture and
closely related areas is about 2,500.
The increase in agriculture is the second highest, in both
number and percentage, in any undergraduate college at Urbana, Smith
said. But, he added, opening of the Chicago Circle campus has drawn
students from the Colleges of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Engineering,
Fine and Applied Arts and Commerce. And the development and expansion
of junior colleges has had a similar effect in many areas.
College of Agriculture enrollment has increased by about
25 percent since 1960, compared with a total undergraduate enrollment
increase of 18 percent for the same period at the Urbana campus.
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Despite this increase, it is difficult to meet the demand
for agriculture and home economics graduates, Smith pointed out.
The increasing number of students entering graduate schools each
year and many others entering military service further reduces
the number available for immediate employment.
Starting salaries are favorable for agriculture graduates,
Smith said. Salaries in 1966 averaged $6,600, with a range of
$5,700 to $8,500 a year for men with a B.S. degree. This figure
is a $1,000 increase over the average three years ago.
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10/21/66
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Silt Causes High Cost
Of Water Treatment
URBANA — Silt removal probably accounts for more than
50 percent of municipal water treatment cost, according to R. D.
Walker, University of Illinois extension soil conservationist.
Soil conservation practices, such as contour farming,
terracing, grass waterways and minimum tillage, can cut down on the
silt washed from farmers* fields and reduce municipal water costs,
Walker noted.
Sediment deposition could be reduced from 43 to 92 percent
in nine Illinois watersheds studied by John B. Stall, Illinois State
Water Survey engineer, Walker said. Farm conservation programs in
the southern Illinois Crab Orchard watershed would cost about $38 an
acre, but increased crop returns would amount to $10.60 an acre
annually. At this rate increased crop production could pay for the
programs in only four years, but the $10.60 additional income would
continue much longer.
Speaking at a recent meeting of Illinois Soil and Water
Conservation District Directors, Walker pointed out that agricultural
misuse is not the only reason for soil erosion and silt pollution.
For example, interstate highway construction exposes at least
40 acres of land per mile.
"Pavements, lawns and natural cover eventually heal the
scars of construction, but the sediment damage occurring as choked
streams and reservoir deposition is more lasting," said Walker.
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Through cost-sharing arrangements, the federal watershed
protection and flood prevention act — Public Law 566 — has helped to
provide for municipal and industrial water supplies. As an example,
Walker cited the Big Blue watershed covering 41.7 square miles in
Pike county. Pittsfield has benefited from additional water held
by dams constructed under P.L. 566.
The 98 soil and water conservation districts include almost
all farm land in Illinois. Farmers and landowners within a district
elect five persons who serve without pay on the district board. The
districts are organized under Illinois law, but they cannot tax or
levy assessments.
The federal Soil Conservation Service has supplied the
necessary technical assistance and facilities to each district. In
addition the districts have cooperated with other state, federal and
private agencies concerned with soil and water conservation.
About 50 district directors attended the two-day sessions
at the University of Illinois
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10/21/66
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS Y ^ ^? *
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Corn Silage Can Replace Hay
In Dairy Calf Ration
URBANA— University of Illinois research indicates that
good-quality corn silage can replace hay in the dairy calf ration
without serious adverse effects on the calves. U. of I. dairy
researcher Carl Davis reports that these studies were also confirmed
by experiments conducted at the Pennsylvania State University.
In the Pennsylvania study, 36 Holstein calves were divided
into three equal groups. One group received alfalfa hay, a second was
fed corn silage and the third received a combination of hay and silage,
All roughages were fed free choice from birth to 20 weeks.
The calves also received a limited amount of milk from birth to six
weeks, plus a calf starter fed daily at a miximum rate of three pounds
per calf.
Body weight gain was essentially the same for all groups of
calves during the experimental period. Therefore, it was concluded
that good-quality corn silage is a satisfactory roughage for young
calves.
Davis points out that dairymen who replace legume hay with
corn silage in the dairy calf ration must make up for the vitamin D
and calcium deficiencies in the silage. He recommends feeding a
vitamin D supplement and either steamed bone meal or dicalcium
phosphate as a mineral supplement.
It is also important that the calves eat the silage well,
since they must eat about three times as much silage as hay to get
the same amount of dry matter. One way to encourage better corn
silage consumption, Davis says, is to clean out the feed box and feed
fresh silage each day.
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10/25/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
UI Dairy Products Judging Team
Wins Regional Contest At Chicago
URBANA — The University of Illinois dairy products judging team
recently placed first in a field of six midwestern college teams in the
Chicago Dairy Technology Society's regional contest at Chicago. This
was the 11th first place for the U. of I. team in the past 10 years.
Team member Steve Drew, Oswego, also won first-place honors
as high individual scorer. Other team members are Jan Ruhr, Glen
Ellyn; James Grant, Sullivan? and alternate Ken Hails, Texico. Dairy
technology professor Joseph Tobias coaches the team.
During the contest individuals judge 10 samples of five
products: butter, American Cheddar cheese, pasteurized milk, vanilla
ice cream and cottage cheese.
The U. of I. team won trophies for team first places in
milk, Cheddar cheese and ice cream judging in addition to the trophy
for first place in the overall contest. Drew won a gold wrist watch
as high individual scorer.
In discussing the team's performance, Tobias noted that
many career opportunities av/ait college graduates in dairy technology
and food science. He added that contest banquet speaker Samuel Dean,
Dean Foods Company, also urged student contestants to enter the food
and dairy industries upon graduation. Qualified men and women can
find a wide choice of jobs in the areas of processing, quality control,
research, sales and service.
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10/25/66
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
UI Economist Lists
Guides For Selling Corn
URBANA — When there is a short corn crop, the price peaks
early in the season, a University of Illinois grain marketing
economist observes.
Writing in a new publication issued by the College of
Agriculture, T. A. Hieronymus lists seven general rules about sea-
sonal patterns of corn prices. He also statess
The price decreases when livestock numbers are declining
and increases when they are increasing.
The price increases during periods of improving general
business conditions and declines as unemployment increases.
When a large crop follows a short crop, there is rel-
atively little price change.
One large crop following another results in a higher than
average price increase.
The rate of CCC sales has an important effect on price
during the spring and summer.
The support system works effectively when the price is
substantially below the loan at harvest. It does not work when the
pi ice at harvest is high in relation to the loan.
During the current marketing year beginning October 1/
Hieronymus believes th^t the market is alert to the possibility of
shortage and the much larger prospective 1967 crop. Such a situation
suggests that the seasonal price peak for corn may occur early —
prcbably in December or January.
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In Circular 948, "When to Sell Corn, Soybeans, Oats, and
Wheat, " Hieronymus lists detailed costs involved in storing corn,
including insurance, taxes, interest and moisture changes. Copies
may be obtained from the College of Agriculture in Urbana or from
the office of any Illinois farm adviser.
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10/28/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
High-Producing Cows Return
Twice As Much To Labor, Management
URBANA — Illinois Dairy Herd Improvement Association records
again point out the money-making advantage that high-producing cows
have over low-producing cows.
DHIA records show that Holstein cows producing about 13,000
pounds of milk for the year ending April 1966 returned more than
twice as much for labor and management as Holstein cows producing
about 9,200 pounds of milk for the year.
The milk production levels used in the study are represent-
ative of the average production of all cows in DHIA and of all cows
in Illinois, respectively, according to Ralph Johnson, University of
Illinois dairy extension specialist.
Johnson says that in this study feed costs were considered
to be half of the total cost of producing milk. The remaining costs
were divided equally between labor and other costs.
It is recognized, Johnson points out, that the distribution
of feed, labor and other costs will vary from farm to farm because of
differences in the investment in buildings and equipment and the man-
agement ability of the dairyman. But the method used in this study
dees provide a guide to average labor and management returns that can
be expected at different levels of milk production, he adds.
Results of the study emphasize the importance of having
production records on individual cows so that dairymen can increase
their earnings by culling low-producing cows from their herds,
Johnson notes.
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10/28/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Ag College Schedules Short Course
For January 30 - March 10 in Urbana
URBANA — The University of Illinois Winter Short Course in
Agriculture, scheduled for January 30 - March 10, 1967, is planned to
give people who cannot regularly attend college a chance to learn the
latest farming ideas and methods.
Warren Wessels, short course supervisor, says that partic-
ipants in the short course may choose from among more than 20 courses
in the areas of agricultural economics, agricultural engineering,
agronomy, animal science, dairy science, horticulture and veterinary
medicine. And several classes are especially planned to interest turf
groups.
All short course instructors are professors in the College
of Agriculture, prominent in their fields of study and up to date
on the latest research findings.
Wessels believes that the average annual attendance of
nearly 90 people indicates the importance they place on acquiring
more advanced mechanical skills and technical knowledge to help keep
up with the rapid changes in today's agriculture. Attending the short
course gives them a chance to add to their high school knowledge and
practical experience.
Short course students are enrolled as regular students of
the College of Agriculture and are eligible to attend University of
Illinois athletic events, dances, concerts and other activities just
as any other regularly enrolled student.
Cost of the short course will range from $235 to $300,
depending on the course and housing accommodations the student selects.
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Wessels suggests that prospective students check with their
local banks about possible scholarships. The Illinois Bankers
Association encourages its member banks to award scholarships to
selected short course students living in their trade areas. Last
year 18 member banks and county federations awarded 21 scholarships.
The Illinois FFA Foundation also is offering twenty $50
scholarships to active FFA members who can meet short course require-
ments.
Wessels notes that ages of short course students in the
past have ranged from 18 to 65 years, but most students are between
18 and 23.
For more information about the short course, write to
Warren Wessels, Short Course Supervisor, 104 Mumford Hall, College
of Agriculture, Urbana 61801.
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10/28/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Farm-City Seminar To Discuss
World Food Situation Nov. 3-4
URBANA — "Will we eat tomorrow? It may depend on you" is
the main question to be discussed by national leaders in agricultural
business and education at the farm-city agri-business seminar at the
University of Illinois, November 3-4.
At the opening session Thursday morning, Dean Orville G.
Bentley of the U. of I. College of Agriculture will present the
keynote address. Speakers in a panel discussion that follows will
include Glen Sample, vice-president, Indiana Farm Bureau; M. D. Hill,
president, J. I. Case Company? and Karl Gardner, associate dean,
U. of I. College of Agriculture.
Tom Ware, chairman, International Minerals and Chemical
Corporation, will talk on "The International Dimension" at the
Thursday evening banquet.
On Friday morning Robert Miller, AVCO Broadcasting Corpora-
tion, will discuss "Communications Roadblocks and How to Solve Them. "
Roy Battle, Clear Channel Broadcasting Association, will speak at
lunch Friday on the "Role of Voluntary Organizations in Developing
Encouragement and Action."
J. B. Claar, director of the U. of I. Cooperative Extension
Service, is chairman of the seminar sponsored by the National Farm-
City Week Committee. Sessions will be at the Illini Union and the
Ramada Inn.
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10/28/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Weather Affects
Morrow Plot Yields
URBANA — Just as in many farmers' fields, the yields of the
famed Morrow plots here showed the effects of weather. The highest
yield, 131 bushels, came from a plot receiving manure, lime and
phosphorus from 1904 to 1954 plus nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
since 1954. That yield compares with the recording-breaking 163
bushels last year, according to University of Illinois agronomist
Larry Miller.
Only one-third of the plots — the continuous corn section —
were in corn this year. Next year agronomists will plant the entire
Morrow Plots to corn.
An untreated plot in corn continuously, with records kept
since 1888, produced an "embarrassingly high" yield of 52 bushels
per acre. A low population of 8,000 plants per acre may account
for this rise, says Miller. In only three years of the plots'
history have yields been so high. The record low yield from this
plot came in 1933, when agronomists harvested only 8 bushels.
Only the untreated continuous corn plot has the 8,000 plant
population. On all other plots agronomists use a 16,000 plant
population, Miller points out.
Considering the weather, other sections of the continuous
corn plots also yielded well. One plot, untreated before 1954 and
receiving lime, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium since 1954, made
116 bushels per acre. Another continuous corn plot receiving manure,
lime and phosphorus since 1904 made 121 bushels per acre.
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As agronomists harvested and checked yields, they noted that
the moisture content of corn from untreated plots was considerably
higher than that from the treated plots. Untreated plots averaged
28 percent moisture? treated plots averaged 22 percent moisture.
Circular 777, "The Morrow Plots," contains detailed
information, including a supplement of yields up to 1965. Each
county farm adviser has a copy of the circular.
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FOR RELEASE THURSDAY
NOVEMBER 3, 1966
World Food Problems
To Dwarf Political Conflicts
URBANA — Worldwide food shortages during the last
quarter of the 20th century could dwarf today's world political
problems, the dean of the University of Illinois College of
Agriculture stated today.
Speaking before a national agribusiness seminar,
Orville G. Bentley pointed out that world population is in-
creasing faster than food production. If this trend continues,
widespread famine is likely in Asia, Africa and Latin America
before the end of the century.
The two most obvious solutions are to reduce pop-
ulation growth rates and increase food production. Both will
be needed to avert disaster, but neither is simple or easy to
implement on the vast scale that is required, he said.
Bentley called for a continued investment in re-
search and education as a way to maintain peak efficiency in
U. S. agriculture and help meet our own needs and our foreign
commitments.
He also cited a growing need to invest more in
education and research in foreign agricultural development.
The productivity of American farms, vast as it is, cannot
solve world food needs directly, he emphasized. Instead, we
must take steps to help food-deficit countries develop their
own production potentials.
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Through our government's foreign aid programs, our
University staff works under contracts to help establish
institutions — agricultural universities, research stations
and extension programs — that will enable these people to
tackle their own problems. Our efforts will be aimed at
institution building — a continual and long-range process.
The problems of increasing food-producing capacity will not
be solved on a short-range basis, he said.
Bentley called for teamwork among industry, educa-
tional institutions and government to provide leadership and
ideas that will help our nation's agriculture, and that of
developing countries, to grow and prosper.
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Inventory Your Roughage Supplies Now
URBANA — Dairymen should take a careful inventory of
the roughage they harvested in 1966 to see whether supplies are
adequate to provide winter feed for the dairy herd. Such inven-
tory is especially important in sections of the state affected
by drought, since both quantity and quality of roughages are
lower in these areas.
General guides to assist dairymen in evaluating their
supplies are given by Ralph Johnson, University of Illinois
extension dairy specialist. Each milking cow will need 2 to
2 1/2 tons of good legume hay or the equivalent in silage for
the feeding period, Johnson says. Yearling heifers will need
1 1/2 to 2 tons each, and 6- to 12-month-old heifers will need
three-fourth ton of legume hay or the equivalent.
It takes about 3 tons of 70 percent moisture corn
silage to equal 1 ton of hay in feeding value. Johnson
estimates that 4 tons of high-moisture legume-grass siiage
are equal to 1 ton of hay, while only 2 tons of 45 percent
moisture haylage will provide the same nutrients. Differences
in the moisture content of these silages are responsible for
differences in the relative feeding values.
Multiplying the roughage requirements for each animal
by the number of animals in each age group will give the total
amount needed for the feeding period. These estimated needs
can then be compared with the actual amount of hay and silage
available to be fed.
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Dairymen have several alternatives if the supply of
roughage does not equal their estimated needs. One is to ration
the roughage so that it will last for the feeding season and to
feed some additional grain as a substitute for hay if price
relationships are favorable.
A second, alternative is to buy hay now if it is
available at a reasonable price. Good hay usually costs more
and is harder to get in the spring than it is in the fall.
Dairymen who are short of roughage could also harvest
some mature corn silage this fall. Feeding corn stover to non-
producing animals can help to stretch the available supply of
roughage.
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FOR RELEASE THURSDAY
NOVEMBER 3, 1966
Three. Illinois Farm Advisers Receive
Distinguished Service Awards
HONOLULU, HAWAII — Three Illinois county farm advisers
were named today to receive the distinguished service award of
the National Association of County Agricultural Agents during
the association's annual meeting. They were E. E. Golden,
DeKalb county; Raymond N. Rendleman, Hancock county; and Fred
Tincher, Whiteside county.
Golden has been farm adviser in DeKalb county since
1954. He was born at Manito and graduated from the University
of Illinois in 1950 with highest honors. He was assistant
farm adviser in Champaign county from 1950 to 1954.
In 1966 Golden received the U. S. Department of
Agriculture superior service award. He received an M.S. in
Business Administration from Northern Illinois University in
1963.
Rendleman has been Hancock county farm adviser since
1959. He was born in Carbondale, attended Southern Illinois
University, was graduated from the University of Illinois in
1949 and received an M.S. degree in 1961. He previously
served as assistant farm adviser in Marion county and farm
adviser in Calhoun county.
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Tincher has been farm adviser in Whiteside county
since 1958. He was born in Longview, Texas and received B.S.
and M.S. degrees from Oklahoma State University in 1954 and
1955. From 1955 to 1957 he served as assistant farm adviser
n Fayette county.
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EWS FROM AGRICULTURE.
iRSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Special to Selected Dailies
Many Values To Complete Farm Records
Farmers with completed Illinois farm records will
have many more benefits than just a basis for filing their in-
come taxes, according to Frank Graham, University of Illinois
area farm adviser.
Although good records are important for filing taxes,
the benefits to a farm business may be greater in their other
uses, Graham emphasizes.
The farmer who summarizes his gray Illinois Farm
Record Book will have a way to determine costs of producing
crops and livestock. He can also determine his net worth and
calculate his returns to capital and labor.
The new Illinois Farm Record Book came into use for
the first time in 1966. Thousands of farmers throughout the
state are using it. And along with these farmers, many more
are expected to begin using it in 1967. County farm advisers
have new books available now.
Since summarizing the first time may involve some
questions, the Extension Service has arranged meetings to help
record-keeping farmers do the job this year.
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Meetings are scheduled at the following times and
places:
Tuscola, December 5; Eureka, December 7; Clinton,
December 8? Lincoln, December 9; Pekin, December 12; Henry,
December 13; Champaign, December 14; Petersburg, December 19,
Springfield, December 20; Sullivan, January 5; Taylorville,
January 9? and Melvin, January 13.
All farmers keeping the Illinois Farm Record Book
are invited to attend this meeting.
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EWS FROM AGRICULTURE
ERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Ag Communications Specialists
Evaluate Letter To Dairymen
URBANA--Will reading about a suggested management
practice persuade a man to try it?
This was a question University of Illinois dairy
scientists and agricultural communications specialists hoped
to answer in a recent evaluation of "Milk for Manufacturing,"
a year-old experimental letter mailed monthly to about 6,000
Illinois farmers.
A random 10 percent of the farmers receiving the
letters were asked about five specific practices suggested in
the letters: feeding grain according to production? feeding
each cow a recommended grain ration with two pounds of roughage
for every 100 pounds of body weight; applying nitrogen to
pastures; following correct milking practices; and checking
milking machines.
Replies from 270 farmers, representing about 4.5
percent of those who receive the letter, showed that about
5 percent of them had begun the practices recommended in the
letter in the past six months. This response suggests that
the letter may have influenced their decisions, researchers
say.
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Another 20 to 30 percent were already following the
recommended practices. And 20 to 30 percent admitted that they
did not follow them, suggesting that there is still need for
educational work with this group. The high percentage of "no
answers" — 40 percent — suggests that many farmers were reluctant
to tell what they were doing, thinking that the answers might
reflect unfavorably upon their enterprises.
On the basis of these findings, researchers say that
they will continue the direct mail program for another year to
all Illinois producers of milk for manufacturing.
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EWS FROM AGRICULTURE
ERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Special to Illinois Dailies Only
and Farm and Home Advisers
EDITOR'S NOTE; A copy of "Who's Who At Club Congress" is enclosed
to provide biographical data on all Illinois delegates. Also
enclosed to dailies and farm advisers is a photo-sheet with in-
dividual photos of Illinois delegates.
Illinois Delegates Named
To Attend Club Congress
URBANA — Illinois' 38 top 4-H Club members will attend
the 45th National Club Congress in Chicago November 27 - Decem-
ber 1. They will join more than 1,600 delegates who represent
2, 185, 145 club members from 50 states and Puerto Rico.
Club Congress is one of the most important events in
the 4-H year. Delegates are older 4-H'ers who have shown out-
standing leadership in 4-H programs and in community activities.
Nearly 60 business firms, foundations, associations
and individuals provide funds for national and regional winners.
Donors also arrange banquets and entertainment to honor Club
Congress delegates.
"Pursuit of Excellence" is the theme for this year's
Congress. Prominent leaders from government, education and
business will challenge delegates to set higher standards. And
the delegates will have a chance to gain a broader understanding
of the interdependence of business, industry, science, agricul-
ture and education.
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Entertainment features of the Congress will include
a get-acquainted party at the Hilton International Ballroom,
tours of Chicago museums and industries, a "pop" concert at
Orchestra Hall and the International Livestock Exposition at
Chicago's Union Stockyards.
Illinois 4-H'ers selected from a field of more than
78,000 members to attend Club Congress are Maureen Andrew,
Quincy; Wanda Ball, New Canton; Bob Bidner, Mahomet; Willard
Bredfield, Jr., Downers Grove; Frank Brewer, Tolono; Ann
Culbertson, Joy; Linda Davidson, Dongola; Charles Edwards,
Pawnee; Ted Evans, Albion; Alan Fulkerson, Oregon; Roger Golden,
Manito; Suzanne Greeson, Toledo; Susan Grommet, Belleville; Sue
Grosboll, Petersburg.
Bernard Heisner, Peotone; Kay Ingerski, El Paso; Judi
Jackson, Manteno; Henry Kallal, Jerseyville; Karen Knodle,
Filmore; Dorothy McFarland, Paxton; Diana Martin, Lena; John
Moeller, Wheeler; Mary Oberle, Prophetstown; Jeanne Payne,
Ewing; Ronald Perisho, Hanna City; Robert Reich, Mt. Sterling;
Enid Schlipf, Gridley; Florence Schmidt, Naperville; Esther
Schrader, Bridgeport.
Brenda Sehnert, Carbondale; Nancy Stephens, Enfield;
Martha Stoneburner, Roseville; Diane Sutton, Morris; Bill
Vaughan, Fairfield; Barbara Watson, Lena; Steve Weber, Geneseo;
Janice Westlund, Prophetstown; and Darold Wubbena, Shannon.
Alan Fulkerson, Oregon, will attend Club Congress as
a sectional winner in photography. Other sectional winners who
are also delegates are Jeanne Payne, sectional winner in dairy
foods, and Charles Edwards, a sectional winner in poultry.
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IEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
fERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR RELEASE THURSDAY P.M.,
NOVEMBER 17, 1966
SPECIAL FARM STRUCTURES DAY COVERAGE
Warm Confinement Beef Systems
Reduce Labor And Bedding Needs
URBANA--The warm confinement beef feeding system
eliminates bedding and reduces labor in a cattle-feeding opera-
tion, according to D. G. Jedele, University of Illinois exten-
sion farm structure specialist.
Speaking at Farm Structures Day here on November 17,
Jedele said that more and more farmers are using the warm
confinement system and the open-lot system — two trends away
from the conventional drylot systems generally used in Illinois
Warm confinement systems house cattle in enclosed,
insulated, fan-ventilated buildings that provide wintertime
control of inside air temperatures. Most beef producers equip
buildings with slotted floors, manure storage pits and a liquid
manure-handling system.
The open-lot system uses no sheds. Windbreaks and
sunshades provide protection from weather in winter and summer.
Jedele, believes that the warm confinement system can
expand the cattle- feeding operation on owner-operated farms
already having drylot systems. Large cattle-feeding corpora-
tions generally use open-lot systems.
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Add Warm Confinement Beef System - 2
In addition to providing the same benefits as any
other confinement system, warm confinement setups generally
improve efficiency and rate of gain, especially during extremely
warm or cold weather.
Controlling inside temperatures permits use of equip-
ment that can't otherwise be used when temperatures drop below
freezing .
Jedele says any beef confinement system--temperature
controlled or not — requires less labor to handle manure than
the conventional drylot system does. Protecting waste from sun
and. rain and nearly eliminating surface runoff increases the
fertilizer value of manure. And eliminating runoff also reduces
the chance of polluting streams and wells.
Confinement systems require less land than the conven-
tional systems, and good layouts are relatively easy to plan.
According to Jedele, the disadvantages of confinement
systems include the initial cost, the resulting property tax
and the lack of available research, experience and layout plans.
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FOR RELEASE THURSDAY P.M.,
NOVEMBER 17, 1966
SPECIAL FARM STRUCTURES DAY COVERAGE
Swine Confinement Systems Become
More Popular As Labor Problems Increase
URBANA — As farm labor becomes harder to find and
afford, confinement systems are becoming more popular among
Illinois commercial hog producers.
A. J. Muehling, University of Illinois extension
farm structures specialist, told a Farm Structures Day audience
here Thursday (November 17) that commercial hog producers will
continue to raise many hogs on pasture and in portable housing.
But the need to solve labor cost and shortage problems will
encourage them to advance several trends in confinement systems
that are already evident in Illinois.
One important trend, Muehling said, is the use of
confinement buildings and slotted floors for sows before and
during farrowing. Many producers confine sows in groups and
in individual pens before farrowing. And he also predicted
that "tethering" sows will become more popular when equipment
companies promote this practice more.
According to Muehling, Illinois hog producers seem
willing to accept slotted-f loor farrowing in insulated, fan-
ventilated buildings. Totally slotted floors using three-inch
concrete slots 3/8 inch apart appear to be a popular choice on
Illinois farms.
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The modern growing-finishing house must have slotted
floors, Muehling said. He believes that for most of the state
completely enclosed buildings with totally slotted floors pro-
vide the most versatile and flexibile housing for all pigs,
from weanlings to gestating sows. The less costly open-front
buildings featuring partially slotted floors proved another
alternative that is best suited to the milder climate of
southern Illinois.
Although some large producers use both lagoons and
hauling to solve manure management and odor problems, hauling
continues to be part of most swine operations. The oxidation
ditch shows promise as an effective disposal method, but
Muehling believes it needs further testing.
Many producers have changed from floor feeding to
self-feeding in the growing and finishing house. Muehling
predicts that more producers will equip buildings with pneumatic
feed conveyors when they become commercially available as
complete units.
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EWS FROM AGRICULTURE
RSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Urea As Nitrogen Source Matches
Soybean Meal In UI Beef Test
(EDITOR'S NOTE: See October Agri-Pix for photo to accompany
this story.)
URBANA — Beef cattle feeders may not have to suffer
losses in feed efficiency and daily gains when they substitute
urea for soybean meal as a protein source in corn silage — high
moisture corn rations.
University of Illinois animal scientists U. S. Garrigus
and E. E. Hatfield report that preliminary results of a summer
beef feeding experiment indicate that urea works as well as
soybean meal for furnishing nitrogen in the ration. Here's how
the 80 northwestern steers in the feeding trial performed the
first 133 days:
Twenty steers receiving a daily ration of 20 pounds
of corn silage, 15 pounds of high-moisture corn and one pound
of soybean meal averaged 2.88 pounds of gain daily. A second
group of 20 steers receiving 20 pounds of corn silage, 15 pounds
of high-moisture corn and one pound of urea-ground corn mixture
averaged a three-pound gain per day. The 40 steers receiving
daily 20 pounds of urea-fortified corn silage, 15 pounds of
high-moisture corn and one pound of ground corn averaged a daily
gain of 2.88 pounds.
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Add Urea As Nitrogen Source - 2
The researchers point out that since all groups were
fed equal weights of feed with the same crude protein equivalent,
the feed efficiencies vary directly with the gains.
At current prices, substituting urea and corn for more
expensive soybean meal can reduce feed costs more than one cent
per pound of gain, says Hatfield.
But successful feeding of urea requires good manage-
ment, Hatfield emphasizes. High concentrations of urea are
toxic- -sometimes fatal--to cattle, especially if consumed rapidly,
he explains.
Livestock producers also tend to blame the nitrogen
source rather than the method of feeding for poor performance,
he says. To get good results in feeding urea supplements, they
must be thoroughly mixed with the rest of the ration.
A "built-in" safe, practical and convenient method of
adding urea to beef cattle rations is to supplement corn silage
with urea and the necessary minerals at silo-filling time, says
Hatfield.
Urea dissolves and disperses evenly through wet corn
silage harvested at 30 to 35 percent dry matter. This even
distribution is difficult to get when mixing urea in feeds.
And when cattle eat rapidly at the feed bunk, rumen utilization
of urea's nitrogen is lower, making the toxicity risk greater
than when urea is fed in silage.
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Adding urea and the necessary minerals at silo-filling
time is a practical way to fortify silage and grain without the
problem of supplementing the grain at feeding time. Also,
additives apparently prolong fermentation and lower the freez-
ing point of silage, making winter feeding easier.
But additives will not correct mistakes in silage-
making techniques, Hatfield says. Errors in moisture and pack-
ing in the silo can cause poor silage regardless of the mate-
rials added at silo-filling.
Cattlemen may hear the final results of this feeding
trial at the U. of I. Cattle Feeders' Day in Urbana April 13.
Final feedlot performance, live grade, carcass grade, dressing
percent and the effects of dietary vitamin E on vitamin A
stores also will be reported.
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Plan Year-End Strategy
To Save Tax Dollars
URBANA--With today's trend toward bigger farms and
higher costs, tax management deserves top priority in your farm
business, especially as tax-filing time approaches.
To avoid paying unnecessary taxes, start now to plan
your end-of-the-year strategy, advise University of Illinois
farm management specialist Fay M. Sims and agricultural law
specialist John Henderson. Estimating your taxable income for
1966 is a good place to begin. If your income will be higher
than it was last year or is in normal years, Sims and Henderson
suggest these possible ways to lower taxes:
— Buy and take delivery on paint, herbicides, fer-
tilizer, seed or other supplies you will need next year. The
general rule is that such expenses must be "ordinary and nec-
essary" to the business.
— Wait until 1967 to sell grain or livestock. But
remember that holding livestock for the longer period may cost
more than you would save in taxes in terms of a lower market
price or the extra cost of gain at heavier weights. And if
you deliver grain this year and want to defer collecting the
money until 1967, be sure you have a written contract with the
elevator stating that the money is not to be paid and that you
cannot collect it until a specified 1967 date.
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--Buy the equipment or machinery you need, and take
the "fast write-off," or additional 20 percent first-year
deduction. Remember, however, that the total depreciation
allowance for the life of the item can be only so much and
using the fast write-off reduces depreciation you can claim in
future years.
— If someone owes you money for labor or services,
delay collection until 1967.
— Sell any property on an installment contract. If
you receive more than 30 percent of the sale price in the year
of sale, however, all of the gain is taxable in that year.
— Defer reporting income from crop insurance if you
intend to buy replacement grain or crop. And if you were
forced to sell livestock because of drouth and reinvest the
proceeds in the same kind of livestock within a year, no tax-
able gain is recognized.
Sims and Henderson report that if your taxable in-
come is lower for 1966 that it was last year or in a normal
year, you may postpone some deductions until 1967 in these
ways:
— Sell additional grain or livestock. Sale of lives-
stock in December may be desirable from a tax standpoint,
although at lighter weights the per-pound. price may be lower.
--Cull your breeding herd and sell now.
— Sell any capital items no longer needed in your
farm business.
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— Postpone some deductions until 1967 by using your
charge account and paying after January 1.
Sims and Henderson point out that the tax rate this
year will be the same as in 1965. But there has been some
speculation about a tax increase next year. If you consider
this increase a possibility, you might want to make some sales
now rather than in January.
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11/18/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
UI Aq Economist Notes Differences
Between High- And Low-Return Hog Farms
URBANA — While some of the best Illinois hog farm
operators achieved a return of $248 for every $100 of feed fed
during 1965, a group of operators with the lowest returns
achieved, only $151, according to farm business records sum-
marized by the University of Illinois Department of Agricultural
Economics.
D. F. Wilken analyzed a sample of 734 hog farms
farrowing 10 or more litters per year. Comparing the top 10
percent of these farms in returns per $100 feed fed with the
low 12 percent of farms revealed definite differences that help
explain the reasons for high returns.
The 76 farmers in the high-return group farrowed 89
litters, while the 88 farmers with low returns averaged only 59
litters. The high-return group averaged 9.5 pigs farrowed per
litter, while the low-return group averaged only 8.8. The top
group saved 7.7 pigs per litter, while the low-return group av-
eraged only 7.0 pigs.
Death losses were lower on the high-profit farms,
averaging 1.1 percent of the weight of hogs produced compared
with 1.4 percent on the low-return group.
The high-return farmers sold their hogs at 233 pounds
and received $21.62 per hundred compared with a market weight
of 240 pounds and an average price of $20.24 for the low-return
operators.
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Add UI Ag Economist Notes Differences - 2
Low feed costs were a key factor in explaining higher
returns. The high-return group averaged $9.66 per hundred
pounds of hogs produced compared with $12.69 for the low-return
group. The more profitable operators produced 100 pounds of
pork with 366 pounds of grain and commercial feeds compared
with 467 pounds on the low-return farms.
The savings in feed equaled about 1,678 bushels of
corn and 7.8 tons of protein per farm, or about $2,350.
The hog enterprise has been a very profitable business
for the farmer in the high-return group and a moderately profit-
able business for the average hog producer, Wilken points out.
If nonfeed costs during the last 10 years are es-
timated from detailed cost studies at $5 per 100 pounds, the
high-return farmer sold his hogs at $2.48 per hundred pounds
more than his total cost. The average producer received 99
cents per hundred pounds more than his total cost. If the low-
return group had had the same nonfeed cost, they would have
received 60 cents less than their total cost of production.
In the years ahead, if the relationship between hog
prices and production cost continues to be favorable enough to
compete with returns from selling cash grain, it should encour-
age increased hog production on many Illinois farms, Wilken
concludes.
The complete report on the 1965 Summary of Illinois
Farm Business Records, Circular 941, is now available and may
be requested from the University of Illinois College of Agri-
culture, Urbana.
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FOR RELEASE SATURDAY P. M. ,
NOVEMBER 26, 1966
Costs Of Cattle Gains Increase
With Length Of Feeding Period
CHICAGO — Feed costs per 100 pounds gained were $3-4
higher for long-fed steers than for comparable steers fed to
low-choice grade in recent University of Illinois tests.
The trend was for gain costs to increase as length of
feeding period increased, U. of I. animal scientist S. L. Davis
reported here today during the third annual meeting of the mid-
western section of the American Society of Animal Science. He
said two lots of 10 yearling Hereford steers and two lots of 10
Hereford steer calves were used in the study.
"We fed one lot of calves and one lot of yearlings
until they were graded low-choice on the hoof, " Davis explained.
"Steers in the other two lots each gained at least 200 pounds
more." Researchers compared rates of gain on both steers and
calves every 28 days.
"The steers' average rate of gain for the last 112
days was only 50 percent as great as that for the first 84
days, " Davis said. "Feed cost stayed higher than §20 per 100
pounds gained, for each period after 196 days on feed and aver-
aged $26.03 for the last 112 days."
Feed costs per 100 pounds gained over the entire
feeding period were $17.89 for the long-fed steers and $13.93
for the steers fed to low-choice grade.
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The study showed similar results for the calves. They
reached maximum average gains after 224 days on feed, when they
weighed about 980 pounds. Gain for each successive 28-day
period after that was less than two pounds per day and averaged
1.50 pounds daily from 224 to 392 days.
"The calves showed a constant increase in both feed
required per pound of gain and feed cost per 100 pounds gained
after 56 days on feed," Davis explained. "Feed cost per 100
pounds gained averaged $26.35 from 224 days on feed to the end
of the experiment."
Carcass data showed that the long-fed steers had a 3 to
4 percent higher dressing percentage and 11 percent larger loin
eyes. The steers graded one-third to one-half grade higher in
both quality and conformation.
"However, these advantages were offset by the much
wastier carcasses from the long-fed steers, " Davis said. "The
extra trim fat resulted in a 5 percent lower retail yield for
the calves and a 12 percent lower retail yield for the
yearlings. "
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U. Of I. Sheep Day Set
For December 9
URBANA — Intensified production is the theme of research
to be reported here at the annual University of Illinois Sheep
Day December 9.
The program features A. L. Pope, University of
Wisconsin animal scientist, speaking at 1:35 p.m. on "Selecting
Breeding Stock for Tomorrow's Production."
R. O. Nesheim, head of the U. of I. Animal Science
Department, will officially open the program at 10:00 a.m. in
the Stock Pavilion. But early visitors may tour the sheep
research facilities during an open house beginning at 8:30 a.m.
The morning program includes reports on lamb confine-
ment in Illinois, flock health in confinement, space require-
ments for lambs on slotted floors and non-protein nitrogen in
sheep nutrition.
Animal scientist Bennie Doane will report on an experi-
ment that offered "convincing evidence" in favor of accelerated
lambing. As a result, the U. of I. Rambouillet flock of about
90 ewes has been scheduled for accelerated lambing.
The afternoon program also includes G. R. Frelk,
Monier Sheep Co., speaking on the production scene for 1967
and Frank C. Hinds, U. of I. animal scientist, discussing lamb
growth and carcass value.
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Terry Lee Johnson, Miss Wool of Illinois, will relate
some of her experiences in the recent national wool queen con-
test in Texas. Mrs. Fred Francis, Illinois director of the
"Make-It-Yourself-With-Wool" contests, will summarize the re-
sults of the district contests.
The U. of I. student Hoof and Horn Club will serve
lunch in the Stock Pavilion.
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11/18/66
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EWS FROM AGRICULTURE
RSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Speakers Stress Extension's Role
At Council Chairman's Conference
URBANA — Herrell DeGraff, president of the American
Meat Institute and an international authority on human nutri-
tion, will keynote the 1966 Cooperative Extension Co.incil
Chairman's Conference with an address on agricultural produc-
tion and world food needs.
The two-day conference opens here Wednesday, Hoverr-
ber 30, in the Illini Union.
Nearly 2.00 men and women who serve as chairmen of
county Cooperative Extension Council? will *?t:ten the confer-
ence for an intensive review of the six major educational pro-
gram areas of the extension service. County extension farm
advisers and home advisers also will attend.
DeCraff, addressing the Wednesday evening banqu t
audience., will emphasize the continued import ai. re of an
efficient agricultural production and marketing system in
terms of both U. S. food needs and food requirements for an
exploding world population. The Cooperative E.vtensicn Service
has identified agricultural production and marketing as one of
six educational program ar>:-.ae that must receive continuing
attention and er.phas.is.
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The conference opens Wednesday afternoon with an
address by Doretta Hoffman, dean of home economics, Kansas
State University, on the importance of educational programs
related to horns economics and family living.
K. Clay Tars, editor of the Daily Pantagraph,
Bloomington, will stress the Cooperative ~*tenoJ.on Service-' s
educntional responsibility to support prc/ramo that improve
the quality of human environment and community life.
The fourth educational responsibility of the exten-
sion service will be reviewed Thursday morning, when C. J-
cauner explains extension's role in helping young people achieve
their potential through education and experir ice. Gauges is
state leader of 4-H Club work, at Iowa State University,
:<;:-. a follow-up address, Unive Ltv l>ice-
Presi lent and Provost Lyle H. Lanier v.-ii 1 i e possi-
bility of the county extension office thi "edi
tiona.1 doorway" for the entire Universit ra.
•: • G. nentley of the Liege of
Agriculture will - the mornii eview of
the sixth essentia] program area — helpinc >
initi ite and - sx tens ion educations .- ; cable
to those that Lsted in the U. S. for more th; /ears.
hx. the cl< sing luncheon on Thursday, Dii 3i ohn B.
Clar»i of the Cooperative Extension Service w. 11 outline the
programs and organizational systems that have heer: designed to
permit tie extension service to accomplish its objectives.
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11/22/66
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Soybean Yields On UI A.llerton Farms
Average 37.5 Bushels Per Acre
URBANA — This year's soybean crop on the University
of Illinois* Allerton Trust Farms averaged 37.5 bushels per
acre on 1,526.8 acres, reports Donald G. Smith, U. of I.
agricultural economist and manager of the University Trust
Farms.
The 1966 yield is the third highest since the farms
came under University management in 1946, Smith says. And
total acreage planted to soybeans again set an all-time high,
3.9 acres more than the 1965 level.
Harvest was completed on October 29 after a delay
caused by mid-October rains. But the color of the soybeans is
good, and in all but one case cracking was slight. Hail damage
on farm numbers 5, 6 and 7 caused considerable stem breakage.
Alfred Harms, operator of farm number 4, reports that his
Amsoys did not stand so well as he had expected. Otherwise,
standability was generally good, Smith says.
Frank Lubbers, Jr., operator of farm number 8, again
had the highest yield, 41.4 bushels per acre, which was five
bushels below his 1965 yield. He planted 40 acres of Amsoy
and 41.3 acres of Wayne in 30-inch rows.
L. D. Dalton and Richard Hodges, operators of farm
number 5, had the second highest yield, 40.3 bushels per acre
from Wayne and Harosoy 63 varieties. Burgess Allen, operator
of farm number 6, was third with 38.8 bushels per acre, using
Wayne, Clark 63 and Harosoy.
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Wayne was again the highest yielding soybean variety,
Smith notes. Roland Hoffman and Sons, operators of farm number 1,
had 46 acres planted to this variety and averaged 47.4 bushels
per acre. Allen raised 30 acres of Wayne that averaged 44.6
bushels per acre.
Ten years ago the Allerton Trust Farms had 1,067 acres
of soybeans. Average yields were 29.4 bushels per acre. The
ten-year average yield is 34.8 bushels per acre.
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FOR RELEASE FRIDAY P.M.
NOVEMBER 25, 1966
U. Of I. Scientists Study
Hog Confinement Problems
CHICAGO — Housing smaller numbers of pigs per pen with
adequate floor space appears to improve rrite of gain on hogs in
confinement feeding systems, according to recent University of
Illinois research.
Animal scientist A. H. Jensen reported here today the
results of five U. of I. experiments concerning the effects of
floor space allowance and number of pigs per group. He was
addressing the third annual meeting of the midwestern section,
American Society of Animal Science.
Test groups numbered from 3 to 24 pigs, ar.d average
floor space per pig ranged from about 2.3 to 3.8 square feet.
Weights at the beginning of the trials averaged 19.8 to 24.2
pounds per pig.
Performance improved as the number of pigs per pen
decreased. Generally the fewer the number of pigs per pen, the
more feed they ate.
Jensen said the average daily gain and average daily
feed intake per pig were lowest in the grcup confined to about
2.3 square feet of floor space per pig. With this amount of
floor space per pig, average daily gain and average daily feed
intake decreased as the number of pigs per pen increased.
During the five trials, pigs were tested on partially
slotted, slotted and expanded metal floors.
Jensen said that U. of I. animal scientists hoped to
find the best combination of space allowance and number per pen
for young pigs in confinement.
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Pulpwood Demand Remains High
URBANA — With industrial demands for wood products
high and continuing to climb, timber stands of native hardwood
can supply some of the pulpwood needed for a growing market
both inside and outside the state, says University of Illinois
forest economist I. I. Holland.
Forest covers 11 percent — 3.8 million acres--of
Illinois. But Illinois manufacturers must still import most
of their wood and wood product raw material from other states.
And costs are much higher than they might be if more of this
need could be supplied from within the state.
Expansion of pulpwood manufacture in Illinois would
also encourage the removal of what foresters consider poor
growing stock. Removing such stock, coupled with adopting
better forest practices on the remaining timberlands, would
make it possible to produce timber better suited to Illinois'
industrial needs, Holland points out.
The demand for wood and wood products in the U. S.
and on the world market will continue to increase, says Holland.
According to estimates made by the Food and Agriculture
Organization, the world will require about 1.5 billion cubic
meters of wood other than fuelwood each year by 1975. The
FAO estimates a need for 1.2 billion cubic meters of fuelwood
in the same period.
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Most of the world's increased use of processed wood —
lumber, plywood, paper and other wood fiber products — will occur
in the highly developed, industrialized countries, such as the
U. S., the countries of Europe, the U.S.S.R. and Japan. Less
developed regions, such as Latin America, Africa and Asia, will
use increased amounts of fuelwood and unprocessed wood.
According to estimates, Europe will create a demand
for a little less than 25 percent of the additional annual
requirements for industrial wood. About 20 percent of the
demand should come from North America, mainly from the U. S.
The U.S.S.R. will need about 14 percent; and Japan, about 12
percent. The rest of Asia, Africa and Latin America will
probably account for the remaining 30 percent.
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11/22/66
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EWS FROM AGRICULTURE
RSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Poor Tax Advice Costly Says
UI Farm Management Specialist
URBANA- -Nothing is more costly than poor advice,
especially at tax planning time, says University of Illinois
farm management specialist Fay M. Sims. So as 1967 tax filing
time approaches, Illinois farmers should seek good professional
tax help and be willing to pay for it.
It is unlikely that many people keep up with all tax
rules. But there are many competent tax practitioners in
Illinois, Sims notes. Some of them have taken advantage of
the special farm income tax schools conducted jointly each
year by the U. of I. Cooperative Extension Service and the
Internal Revenue Service. These schools are designed to teach
tax practitioners new laws and interpretations of existing
tax laws.
Sims points out that a commercial farmer whose opera-
tion grosses $40,000 or more a year is in the "big business"
category and should be willing to pay for efficient tax help.
A tax specialist not only should fill out your tax forms, but
also should keep you up-to-date on new tax laws and rulings
and other ideas for making tax savings. A fee of $50-100 would
not be out of line for such a service, he adds.
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Your tax specialist can do a better job of saving
tax dollars for you if you supply him with complete and accurate
records, Sims believes. Lack of good farm cost records and
depreciation schedules often causes many farmers to pay more
income tax than is required.
County farm advisers have a good record book prepared
by the U. of I. Cooperative Extension Service, Sims reports.
This book is available to any interested person. In addition,
the Farm Bureau Farm Management Service offers a record-keeping
service, visits by fieldmen and farm record analysis. Farm
advisers can supply information about this service.
Finally, plan to see your tax specialist more often
than at tax-filing time, Sims says. The more he knows about
your farm business, the more he can help you with effective
tax management.
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Tile Outlet Terraces
May Replace Sod Waterways
URBANA — Level-ridge tile outlet terraces provide
erosion control while eliminating grass waterways, says R. C.
Hay, University of Illinois extension soil and water specialist.
Hay reports that this new,. terrace, being tested by
U. of I. agricultural engineers and the Soil Conservation
Service, can be laid out relatively straight to eliminate most
point rows and make farming easier. In addition to serving as
terrace outlets, the tile provides the under-drainage generally
needed to eliminate wet spots on slopes.
The level-ridge tile outlet terrace stores water
temporarily and collects silt before the water enters the riser
inlets to the tile below. Hay says most designs allow for stor-
age of two inches of runoff water. He believes it is important
to install enough riser outlets to remove the water within 24
hours.
During unusually heavy rain storms that overtop the
terrace, the water flows in thin sheets the entire length of
the terrace. Hay points out that this eliminates heavy washing
on one spot.
Based on his experience with this system on more than
a dozen farms, Hay estimates that building level-ridge tile
outlet terraces costs about $100 per acre. This figure includes
costs of tile, inlets, earth moving and smoothing.
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The cost is higher than standard terraces, but Hay
believes that the crop acreage gained, the greater convenience
in farming and the year-around protection from the tile justify
the extra cost.
More detailed information on level-ridge tile outlet
terraces can be obtained from farm advisers and from county
soil conservation district offices.
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Plan To Deduct Disaster Losses
From 1966 Income Tax Returns
URBANA — Since destruction of property by tornado,
flood, storm or fire is a deductible item on income tax returns,
Illinois farmers who were the victims of these natural disasters
in 1966 should start now to organize records, photographs and
other items to compute and substantiate these deductions.
John Henderson, University of Illinois assistant
professor of agricultural law, says that a casualty loss on
property used solely for personal purposes is deductible only
to the extent that it exceeds $100 for each casualty. The full
amount of casualty losses of business property or property held
for income production is deductible.
Henderson says that two items must be determined to
figure the amount of the loss. One is the "adjusted basis" of
the property — its cost plus improvements minus depreciation
taken. For example, if a barn originally cost $6,000 and $2,000
depreciation has been taken on it, its adjusted basis would be
$4,000.
The second item is the decrease in fair market value
caused by the casualty. This value can best be established by
an experienced and competent appraiser. The casualty loss is
the difference between the fair market value of the property
immediately before and immediately after the casualty, but it
may not exceed the adjusted basis of the property.
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Insurance proceeds and cash or property received from
disaster-relief agencies to restore or rehabilitate the property
must be used to reduce the amount of the loss to find the farm-
er's deductible casualty loss, Henderson notes.
Henderson illustrates these rules this way: Suppose
that the barn with the $4,000 adjusted basis was worth $4,800
before a tornado and $1,200 after. The farmer received $3,000
from his insurance company. His computations show that the
loss in value was $3,600. After subtracting the insurance
proceeds, the deductible casualty loss on the barn is $600.
Suppose that the tornado also damaged the farmer's
home and furnishings. The house, including the land, costs
$9,000. The value immediately before the storm was $12,000;
the value immediately after the storm was $2,500. Household
furnishings that cost $1,800 were completely destroyed, and
there was no salvage value. Their market value before the
storm was $1, 200.
The farmer collected $8,000 insurance on the house
and $800 on its furnishings.
His computations show that the loss on the house was
$9,000 less the insurance proceeds of $8,000, or $1,000. The
casualty loss on furnishings was $400 ($1,200 less $800).
Total casualty loss deduction on the house and furnishings is
$1,400 less the $100 not deductible, or $1,300.
The farmer who uses the cash method of reporting income
may not deduct losses to livestock and crops raised for sale and
to raised draft, dairy or breeding animals, Henderson says. The
farmer who uses the accrual method of reporting omits these items
from his inventory at the close of the tax year.
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If thu property is used partly for business and partly
for personal use, the casualty loss is computed as though the
property were two separate pieces. The $100 limitation applies
to the part of the property allocated to personal use.
Henderson suggests that for further information you
get a copy of Internal Revenue Document No. 5175, "Disasters,
Casualties and Thefts, " at the nearest Internal Revenue Service
Office. Tax consultants and practitioners can also provide
valuable assistance, he says.
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RSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
U. S. Land-Grant Idea Offers
Promise For Developing Nations
URBANA — What the United States has had from its land-
grant college system — research, resident instruction and exten-
sion education — offers the greatest promise for improving food
production in developing nations. But the process of extending
this system abroad may be painfully slow, says Herrell DeGraff,
president of the American Meat Institute, Chicago.
Keynoting the 1966 Cooperative Extension Council
Chairmen's Conference here Wednesday, DeGraff emphasized one
of extension's major missions today — the need for continued
high efficiency in agricultural production and marketing to
help meet world food needs.
"We must produce for our growing population, " DeGraff
said, "and we have no choice but to contribute to others of the
world."
This job must be done out of current production
because we now have no surpluses, he added.
An international authority on human nutrition, DeGraff
pointed out that as recently as 1950 many of the less developed
nations were net exporters of food. But today, because of the
change in population growth, these same nations require 40,000
tons of food a year from the more developed, countries.
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"We have a fantastic abundance of foodstuffs in the
U. S.," DeGraff noted. "If we compare the availability of
food with food requirements, we will find that we have between
40 and 100 percent more than we need of all food except calcium."
And we are feeding our larger population from the
same land base we had years ago, DeGraff said. We have accom-
plished this by "stretching" the land through technology.
"Some people say that in the next 25 years we are
going to get all the 'stretch' we can from the land," DeGraff
said. "Some people say we can't roll ahead at the pace we
have in the past. But population will roll ahead at the rate
of about one percent a year."
Helping other countries initiate and develop exten-
sion education systems comparable to those that the U. S. has
had for more than 50 years could help solve the food production
problem, DeGraff believes. But it will be difficult to "catch
the young people, educate them and then keep them on the farm"
in developing nations.
"You can't educate young farm people to go back to
the farms in the rest of the world," DeGraff emphasized.
"Education is their passport off the farm."
Such has not been the case in the U. S., he added.
"The genius of our system is that we have educated our young
people to go back to the farms and improve them."
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DeGraff observed that, if population growth continued
at the same rate it has maintained since the mid-1600s, world
population in the year 2050 would total about 15 billion
compared with 3.3 billion today.
"But we will not attain this figure, "DeGraff said,
"because famine, disease, pestilence and war--the Four Horse-
man of the Apocalypse — will ride once more and prevent it."
The biggest world enemy presently is malnutrition,
he said. This condition characterizes a population that gets
its largest amount of food nutrients — 73 percent — from grain,
as do most of the people in developing nations. Animal products
provide only nine percent.
"The frightening aspect comes when you see it not as
a still picture, but as a motion picture," DeGraff said/ in
noting that population is growing most rapidly in developing
countries.
He believes that we are facing a difficult agri-
cultural situation in the U. S. because we have the ability
to produce a great deal more than we are producing.
"We need more production," DeGraff emphasized. "But
farming will have to be a great deal more profitable than it
has been if farmers are to continue farming."
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12/2/66
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FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY P.M.,
DECEMBER 7, 1966
Illinois Biochemist Describes
Aquatic Herbicide Use
WICHITA, KANSAS — Only two preemergent herbicides —
fenac and dichiorobenil — have been approved for aquatic weed
control by the U. S. Department of Agriculture, says Robert C.
Hiltibran, Illinois Natural History Survey biochemist, Urbana,
Illinois.
Speaking at the North Central Weed Control Conference
here Wednesday (December 7) , Hiltibran said that granular fenac
controls sago pond weed and reduces the stand of southern naiad.
Both fenac and dichiorobenil are effective general
herbicides when applied to small areas, such as boat docks and
property waterfronts. However, fenac can not be applied to
water. It should be applied to the exposed pond bottom either
in early fall before the winter freeze or in the spring after
the pond bottom has thawed. Dichiorobenil can be used in
water or on exposed pond bottoms. Hiltibran reports that the
best results with dichiorobenil have been obtained from applica-
tions made in March after the bottom soil thaws.
Dichiorobenil controls sago pond weed, southern naiad
and chara — an alga — Hiltibran said.
He cautions pond owners not to use other preemergent
herbicides recommended for agricultural use. And herbicide-
treated water should not be used for domestic purposes, for
watering livestock or for irrigation.
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Several other herbicides are being studied in Illinois,
Hiltibran said. Neither atrazine nor simazine has proved effec-
tive as a preemergent herbicide. And neither is approved by
the USDA, he added.
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EWS FROM AGRICULTURE
ERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
W*£*
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
U. of I. Scientists Test
Vacuum-Sealed Plastic "Silos"
EDITOR'S NOTE: See the November Agri-Pix for a photo to accompany
this story.
URBANA — Low-cost vacuum storage of silage between
plastic sheets may not replace upright silos, but some farmers
are already using this method to increase their silage-storing
capacities.
This fall and winter University of Illinois animal
scientists and agricultural engineers are testing a method,
developed in New Zealand, to store 25-ton stacks of corn forages.
These vacuum-sealed stacks can hold as much as 1,000 tons, says
U. of I. animal scientist Waco Albert.
Storage costs are much lower with this plastic "silo"
than with a conventional upright silo. But the costs vary with
the size of the commercial units, which contain two plastic
sheets and sealing apparatus-
Albert says a 100-ton unit costs about $2.25 per ton
for the first year and $1.00 per ton in succeeding years. A
300-ton unit costs about $1.38 per ton for the first year and
about 70 cents per ton in following years. Normally the two
plastic sheets are the only parts of the unit that have to be
replaced each year.
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Here's how Albert explains the vacuum-seal method
under test by U. of I. researchers:
Silage is unloaded in a long stack on a heavy plastic
sheet spread on the ground. A vacuum hose with small holes at
about six-inch intervals is placed the length of the stack and
four or five inches below the surface of the forage.
Workers then cover the stack with another plastic sheet.
The end of the perforated hose protrudes through the top plastic
sheet and couples into a line attached to a tractor-powered
vacuum pump.
The two sheets are fastened together around the bottom
of the stack with a plastic zipper attachment.
Finally, the researchers pump air from the stack for
about an hour, repeating this operation every day for several
days. The vacuum pumping provides all the necessary compacting.
Vacuum sealing prevents aerobic (oxygen-using) bacteria
from spoiling the silage, Albert explains. In normal ensiling,
anaerobic (nonoxygen-using) bacteria form acetic and lactic acid.
Lactic acid is the major silage preservative.
Vacuum sealing of silage also minimizes loss of
nutrients through heat and oxidation, says Albert. Carbon
dioxide — not oxygen--aids in proper silage-making.
A farmer could roll back the top sheet a little at a
time and self-feed from the plastic silo. He might also use a
tractor-mounted unloader to move the silage to a feed bunk. Or,
after he has emptied an upright silo, he could refill it from
the plastic silo to take advantage of mechanized feeding equip-
ment.
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Storing silage between plastic sheets could become a
low-cost means of increasing the feeding capacity of the upright
silo, the researchers say.
The U. of I. experimenters have stored these five
corn forages in the vacuum-sealed plastic siloss normal corn
silage; corn stover, or chopped stalks and cobs, called
stalklage by the researchers; and fine, medium and non-chopped
husklage, or the corn husks and cobs as they come from a picker-
sheller .
This winter animal scientists will feed these forages
to five groups of eight pregnant beef heifers. They will com-
pare each group's gains and. the digestibility and palatability
of the forages. Farmers can hear progress reports of the feed-
ing trial at the U. of I. Cattle Feeders Day on April 15 in
Urbana.
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GARtsm
12/6/66
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EWS FROM AGRICULTURE
RSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
U. OF I. RESEARCH BRIEFS
Know How To Substitute Roughage
To Keep Milk Production High
Most dairymen know that high-quality roughages are
the backbone of a dairy cow ration. But they don't know how ■
far they can go in substituting one kind of roughage for another
without affecting production, U. of I. dairy scientists say.
For example, can a dairyman feed corn silage as the only rough-
age and still get good milk yields?
Yes, say the researchers, i_f you adjust the grain
mixture to compensate for the differences between the nutrient
content of, say, alfalfa hay and corn silage. When silage is
the only roughage, you must feed more grain to compensate for
any reduction in dry-matter intake.
If you are short of roughage, you can feed additional
grain to make up the difference if you do not reduce the intake
of roughage below one pound of hay, or three pounds of silage,
per 100 pounds of body weight. Reducing the roughage intake
below this level may cause the fat test of the milk to drop.
U. of I. experiments show that limiting cows to five
pounds of hay per day and feeding more than 30 pounds of grain
will decrease the fat test about 50 percent.
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U. of I. Research Briefs - 2
High-Producing Cows Double
Returns To Labor, Management
University of Illinois dairy scientists report that
DHIA records again point out the money-making advantage of high-
producing cows over low-producing cows.
A recent study of DHIA records shows that Holstein
cows producing over 13,000 pounds of milk for the year ending
in April 1966 returned more than twice as much for labor and
management as Holstein cows producing about 9, 200 pounds of
milk. These production levels are representative of the
average production of all cows in DHIA and in Illinois, respec-
tively.
In the study, feed costs were figured as half the
total cost of producing milk. Remaining costs were divided
equally between labor and other costs.
Although the researchers realize that the distribution
of feed, labor and other costs will vary from farm to farm, they
say that this method provides a guide to average labor and.
management returns that the dairymen can expect at the different
levels of milk production.
Simple Grain Mixture Cuts Costs
How many different feeds should the grain mixture for
dairy cattle contain? U. of I. dairy scientists say to keep
the mixture simple. Since they have found no advantage to
adding several different cereal grains, simplicity will keep
costs down.
They report that this grain mixture has been used in
the U. of I. herd for several years with good results: ground
shelled corn, 1,500 pounds; crushed oats, 150 pounds; soybean
oil meal (50% crude protein) , 300 pounds; and mineral mixture,
50 pounds.
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JAPrsm
12/6/66
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EWS FROM AGRICULTURE
ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
URBANA, ILLINOIS
SHEEP DAY .'OVERAGE
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
U. Of I. Researchers Report
Accelerated Lambing Experiment
URBANA--Accelerated limbing programs can increase
production and income for shee~- producers, according to recent
University of Illinois tests.
In a two-year experiment, 19 Rambouillet ewes weaned
an average of 2.16 lambs per ewe each year, reported U. of I.
animal scientist Bennie Doane Friday during the annual Illinois
Sheep Day program. The U. of I. Rambouillet flock had weaned
an average of 1.25 lambs per awe annually during the seven-year
period preceding the experiment.
Accelerated lambing means shortening the interval
between lambing from 12 luonths to 8 months or less, Doane ex-
plained. Then ewes can produce more than two Jamb crop^ in
two years.
In the experiment, lambs were weaned when they ner<
about 60 days old. Then U. of I. experimenters treated the
ewes for 14 days with a progesterone-like substance to syn-
chronize heat periods. Twenty- four hours before tne last
progesterone treatment, the ewes received pregnant mare serutfc
to stimulate ovulation.
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Doane said the U„ of I. Rambouillet flock of about
90 ewes has been placed on an accelerated lambing program because
of "convincing evidence" from the U. of I. tests. Researchers
have divided the flock into two groups. If a ewe fails to con-
ceive in one group, she moves to the other group for breeding.
There have been no unusual problems associated with the accel-
erated lambing program, Doane said.
This type of program permits a producer to systemize
his lamb production to fit a diversified farming operation, he
concluded.
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GARrsm
12/9/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
SHEEP DAY COVERAGE
U. Of I. Animal Scientists
Seek Large Market Lambs
URBANA- -Market lambs selected from large parents and
fed to about 150 pounds could nearly double the pounds of lamb
produced per ewe, say University of Illinois animal scientists.
During the annual Illinois Sheep Day here Friday,
Frank C. Hinds reported the progress of U. of I. work toward
efficient production of heavier-than-usual market lambs from
large parents.
He listed these benefits of the larger lambst Meat
packers could reduce unit processing costs with increased pounds
of meat per carcass. Wholesale and retail meat dealers could
offer larger cuts with more flexibility than with normal-sized
cuts.
11 In the final analysis, the consumer would have a
greater choice of more attractive cuts, " said Hinds.
U. of I. researchers are testing Suffolk, Targhee
and Suf folk-Targhee crossbred wether lambs from the Dixon Springs
Agricultural Center and Rambouillet wether lambs from the Urbana
flock. Lambs weighing from 50 to 175 pounds are slaughtered
for carcass analysis.
The researchers take K-40 counts on the lambs at
28-day intervals during the experiment and just before slaugh-
tering. The K-40 instrument — called Illasco — counts potassium
isotopes in live animal bodies. From this count scientists
can accurately predict the carcass composition without slaugh-
tering the animal.
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The instrument has not counted slaughter lambs weighing
more than about 115 pounds. Hinds said the experiment could
furnish new information about the accuracy of K-40 counting of
slaughter lambs of heavier weight ranges.
Besides using the K-40 counter, researchers are observ-
ing carcass composition and size and display appeal of loin eyes.
-30-
GARrsm
12/9/66
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
SHEEP DAY COVERAGE
U. Of I. Study Shows Few Differences
In Sources Of Nitrogen For Lambs
URBANA — Early-weaned lambs fed a dehy-urea supplement
produced daily gains comparable to those of lambs fed a soy-
bean oil meal supplement, but reacted more strongly to severe
weather and weaning stresses in recent University of Illinois
tests.
U. of I. animal scientist J. M. Lewis reported on
the work during the Illinois Sheep Day program here Friday.
Although the two nitrogen sources produced no significant dif-
ferences in average daily gains, Lewis noted that the soybean
meal supplement produced 5.88 percent more pounds per lamb
than the dehy-urea supplement.
At the Dixon Springs Agricultural Center, researchers
divided the black-faced lambs into four lots of eight each.
Before weaning at about 70 days, the lambs were creep- fed com-
plete high-energy rations. Two lots received dehy-urea and two
lots received soybean meal as protein supplements.
Half of the lambs in each lot were implanted with
three milligrams of diethylstilbestrol (DES) . Lewis said the
DES implants significantly increased gains in all lambs, but
had the most effect on the lambs receiving urea.
Lewis noted that the lambs fed the dehy-urea supple-
ment didn't eat well during "very cold weather with moderate
snowfalls" in late January and also during the bad weather in
February.
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Add Nitrogen Sources For Lambs - 2
The weaning stress is difficult to explain, said Lewis.
The lambs ate nearly equal amounts of both rations during a pre-
weaning period of 22 days and the first post-weaning period of
seven days. But average daily gains for the first seven days
after weaning were .484 pound for lambs fed the soybean meal
supplement and .253 pound for lambs fed the dehy-urea supple-
ment.
-30-
GAR i sm
12/9/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Society Should Act To Upgrade
Environment, Editor Says
URBANA — "We are busily at work despoiling our environ-
ment, and it is time to start paying the cost to prevent this
assault. "
In describing the "uglification" he sees all around,
H. Clay Tate, editor of the Bloomington Pantagraph, told a meet-
ing of the Cooperative Extension Council chairmen here recently
that we operate this country as though we have the right to
"exploit, despoil and desecrate our heritage."
The billboards, air pollutants, auto graveyards and
modern machines that leave no stem standing all contribute to
the desolate picture.
"One wonders if laying bare the rolling prairie of
the Corn Belt is not an unreasonably high price to pay for the
convenience of maneuvering machines," Tate said, "and if fall
plowing is not an expensive way to buy time in the spring."
But farmers are not the primary suspects in this
"assault upon our environment, " Tate noted. More than 360
million tons of gaseous waste from factories, vehicles, garbage
dumps and household chimneys go into the air each year. And
millions of tons of refuse go into the rivers, lakes and streams
to debase the valleys and threaten fish, wildlife and people.
This pollution has been possible because the public
is apathetic, Tate emphasized. It is time to consider the cost
of pollution prowontion and pay that cost. It will be a bargain
for posterity, he added.
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Add Society Should Act To Upgrade - 2
Tate pointed out that, since it is becoming tech-
nically possible to produce the ford we need and all we can
profitably sell abroad on les^ acreage than we now cultivate,
wc should consider how to use ihe rest of the Innd. Scrre of
it will go for necer.sary things — highways, expanding cities,
decentralizing factories and co-nmercial enterprises.
But we should plant seme of the land to trees, he
said. And local and str.^e governments should acquire come of
the acres for prrks ?.nd recreation.
A tremendous job of education lies r»head if we are
to exchange the functional — and often the ugly — for beauty in
our environment, Tate said.
"There ic no agency more competent and experienced
to initiate this education that the Cooperative Extension
Service," Tate asserted. "It has the manpower, the know-how,
the teamwork and the public acceptance to do the job."
People may have resigned themrolver. to a poor envi-
ronment because they see no way out, Tate noted. But he em-
phasised that there is a way out through organized community
effort un3er the guidance of the extension council chairmen
and representatives of other community agencies and organizations.
Tate suggested that Illinois' 102 counties be reduced
to 21 with a minimum population of 150,000 each. This system
closely follows a recommendation that 21 library districts be
established in the state.
"Such new and enlarged counties would be big enough,
strong enough and wealthy enough to improve the environment and
to provide pleasant surroundings in both town and country, " he
added. _30_
JAP: sm
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EWS FROM AGRICULTURE
iRSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
1967 Cropland Adjustment Program
Provides Increase In Payment Rate
URBANA — Illinois farmers may be interested in a change
in the 1967 Cropland Adjustment Program that provides for an
increased rate of payment for participation, reports Duane E,
Erickson, University of Illinois extension economist in farm
management.
Because payments will be based on past use and pro-
ductivity of land, rates will vary by counties in the state.
But, in total, payments will be determined by the number of
acres and farm projected yield per acre. Rates for corn range
from 49 cents to 52 cents a bushel for Illinois counties in
1967, Erickson says. The 1967 national average is 50 cents a
bushel compared with 40 cents in 1966.
Corn, sorghum, cotton, peanuts and tobacco are eligible
for the program on a flat rate basis. And in addition to includ-
ing all acreage of one or more crops named, farmers may include
other cropland. The payment rates for this cropland will aver-
age $8 an acre nationally compared with about $5 an acre in
1966. Wheat, rice and barley are included in this group instead
of having individual rates as in 1966.
The CAP aims to benefit farm and. nonfarm areas through
shifting cropland into long-term conservation, recreational and
open space use, Erickson points out. The 1967 program is geared
to the changing needs for agricultural production by releasing
land to public uses that conserve soil and water for the future.
CAP contracts are for 5- to 10-year periods.
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All the land removed from production will be put to
conservation uses, Erickson says. And cost-sharing will be
provided for conservation practices. Emphasis will be on wild-
life plantings and measures that preserve open space and enhance
natural beauty. The program is designed to protect local
communities by limiting the amount of land that can be put
under the program.
In 1966, 36,000 agreements placed two million acres
of U. S. cropland under the CAP.
Farmers who have questions about how the CAP applies
to their farms should talk with their local ASCS representatives,
Erickson says. Signup for the program will continue until
March 3, 1967.
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JAPr sm
12/13/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Omissions At Tax Time
Can Be Costly Mistakes
URBANA — Beware of omissions at tax filing time — they
can be costly, warns University of Illinois farm management
specialist Fay M. Sims.
For example, if you spend $10 for an item that is a
deductible operating expense and don't record it, it has actually
cost you $12 or $13 if you are in the 20 to 30 percent tax
bracket.
Keeping complete and accurate records is the best way
to assure that you pay Uncle Sam only the tax dollars due him.
To keep a record of small purchases, Sims recommends that you
set up charge accounts at stores where you buy small repairs
and supplies. The monthly bills will provide you with an
itemized account.
Income omissions on tax forms can also be costly,
Sims points out. Each year more tax records are being taped
for automatic data processing in order to check them for ac-
curacy. If the computer checks your returns and they are inac-
curate, you will be required to pay on income that is omitted.
And you will also owe interest on the omitted amount.
Sims says that county farm and home advisers offer
at small cost two record systems — the Illinois Family Account
Book and the Illinois Farm Record Book. Both books are prepared
by the U. of I. Cooperative Extension Service for use by any
interested person.
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JAPt sm
12/15/66
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SHEEP DAY COVERAGE
Performance Selection
Can Improve Sheep Flocks
URBANA — Sheep producers need to practice performance
selection to improve their flocks, A. L. Pope, University of
Wisconsin animal scientist, said here recently.
He told Illinois Sheep Day visitors that keeping
production records on ewes and selecting rams by production
performance could increase annual income by $3 to $5 per ewe.
Using production records to select breeding stock is more impor-
tant in intensive production systems, such as confinement opera-
tions and accelerated lambing programs, than in normal, extensive
systems, Pope said.
Sheep producers should develop a record system that
assigns values for carcass traits, twin births, wool weight,
lamb growth, longevity and other traits, Pope suggested.
He listed these "few chores" connected with perform-
ance records:
— Identify each sheep with an ear tag.
— Record fleece weight.
— Record birth date, sex and dam of each lamb.
— Weigh each lamb once near a standard age.
"The major problem in improvement through breeding
is the lack of field application of current knowledge, " Pope
lamented. Sheep improvement has come in spite of this lack.
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He noted that livestock farmers have practiced "visual
selection" for centuries. He said that ewes selected for produc-
tion traits have produced more pounds of lamb than visually
selected ewes in a recent Texas Experiment Station comparison.
The Texas station found the same result for rams selected
visually and by performance.
Farmers have emphasized ram selection because the
sire is responsible for much of the hereditary gains. "The
statement that the sire is half the flock is wrong, " said Pope,
quoting a U. S. Department of Agriculture researcher. USDA work
shows that 80 to 90 percent of the improvements in a trait like
fleece weight comes from ram selection and only 10 to 20 percent
comes from ewe selection.
Pope said rams are under more "selection pressure"
than ewes because in most flocks only 3 percent of the male
lambs, compared with 33 percent of the female lambs, are kept
for breeding.
"A cheap ram can cost several hundred dollars over a
two-year period in a 40-ewe flock," said Pope. "He can sire
lambs that weigh 10 pounds less than they should at market
time."
Such developments as measuring carcass merit in wean-
ling lambs, freezing ram semen, artificial insemination and
complete sychronization of heat periods are still in the future,
said Pope. Performance selection is the most important means
of flock improvement now.
-30-
GAR:sm
12/15/66
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*EWS FROM AGRICULTURE
vJIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
SHEEP DAY COVERAGE
Sheep Numbers Decreasing In Midwest
URBANA--"Go west., young man" is still good advice for
livestock producers, particularly sheepmen, if they want to
stay in the business, quipped George R. Frelk of the Monier
Sheep Co., Montgomery, here Friday.
He told Illinois Sheep Day visitors that sheep pro-
duction is centering more in the west and less in the midwest.
There are 30 to 40 percent fewer lambs than usual on feed in
the midwest.
"Any significant increase in sheep numbers during
the next two years will occur in the west, " Frelk said.
However, midwestern farmers are centralizing and
intensifying livestock production. "The fences are down and
the emphasis is on the machine shed instead of the livestock
shed," Frelk noted. "I'd say I'm a pessimistic optimist about
the sheep industry in the midwest."
He suggested that midwestern livestock farmers need
to produce meat more efficiently, in "factories" if necessary,
to compete with western producers.
Noting the low demand for breeding sheep, Frelk
commented that the "sparkle and enthusiasm needed for the
survival of any industry" have been lacking among sheepmen.
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Add Sheep Numbers Decreasing - 2
Frelk said "a fat lamb depression" last spring seri-
ously hurt some sheepmen. Prices for market lambs normally
increase from January to June, but last February the market
slumped.
Market lamb prices were about the same in September
of this year as in September 1965, but lamb feeders didn't
have the benefit of favorable prices between February and June.
Some farmers who had paid as much as 26 cents a pound for
western feeder lambs have been selling them for 23 cents a
pound, Frelk explained.
The USDA estimated 14 percent fewer lambs on feed
for 1966 than for 1965 and a per capita increase of about
one-third pound in lamb consumption, said Frelk. Increasing
consumption and decreasing domestic production should mean
favorable prices to farmers for lambs, but this situation has
meant no such thing this year, he pointed out.
"What happened?" asked Frelk. These were his obser-
vations: The price of wool has dropped from about 50 cents
a pound last year to the present price of less than 38 cents
a pound.
Meat packers are receiving $1.75 less for both lamb
pelts and lamb meat-packing by-products.
Lamb imports have increased 55 percent and mutton
imports have increased 262 percent since last year. Wool
imports also are up 24 percent.
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Frelk also referred to a U. S. government contract
requiring New Zealand to supply 10,000 carcasses a month
to U, S. military forces in Viet Nam.
Meat and wool imports and the market for offal are
responsible for the present uncertainty in the midwesterm
lamb market, .he concluded.
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GARtsm
12/16/66
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Tax Laws Benefit
People Over 65
URBANA — Although taxes are still inevitable, tax laws
now leave more money for those over 65 years of age who are
living on fixed or limited incomes.
University of Illinois farm management specialist
Fay M. Sims points out these major provisions:
— The cost of medicines and drugs is now fully
deductible. Before 1964, the cost was limited to one percent
of the taxpayer's adjusted gross income. This change also
applies to such expenses paid by a taxpayer for his or his
spouse's dependent parents over 65 years.
— An additional $100 on the minimum standard
deduction is allowed for taxpayers who are over 65 or blind.
— The special tax credit against dividends and other
retirement incomes is now more liberal for retired couples
filing jointly. If a man and his wife both reach 65 before
December 31, the maximum income on which the credit may be
based is $2,286 compared with $1,524. The credit was reduced
from 20 percent to 17 percent of eligible income when the
federal income tax was overhauled in 1964. In 1965 it was
further reduced to 15 percent, the current figure.
— On the sale of a personal residence, part of the
gain may be excluded if the sale price is more that $20,000.
All gain may be excluded if the sale price is less than $20,000
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Sims cites this example: If a taxpayer sells his
home for $24,000 at a $6,000 profit, $5,000 of this profit —
achieved by using -r-j x $6,000 as a formula — would be subtracted
from the adjusted gross income. Only $1,000 would then be
taxed at capital gain rates. If the home were sold for $19,000
at a $6,000 profit, the entire $6,000 would be free.
But the taxpayer may benefit from this law only once
after he is 65. And the house that he sells must have been
his principal residence for at least five of the past eight
years, Sims explains.
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JAP:sm
12/16/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Illinois Swine Station Tests
Show Hog Improvements
URBANA — Illinois hog farmers are steadily improving
hog quality and feeding efficiency. At least that's what test
results from seven state swine testing stations indicate.
Recently completed records on 429 market hogs and
120 boars tested this spring showed these averages and trends:
Kogs are still gaining more on less feed. This year
market hogs ate 308 pounds of feed per 100 pounds of gain.
In 1964, the first year for station tests on market hogs,
322.5 pounds of feed produced 100 pounds of pork.
The boars averaged 275 pounds of feed per 100 pounds
of gain. The figure for boars has decreased steadily from
336.8 pounds in 1955, the earliest year for which station that
data are available.
In the 1966 tests, backfat thickness averaged 1.30
inches on market hogs compared with an average of 1.58 inches
on littermates of test boars in 1955.
This year average backfat thickness on boars was
1.03 inches. The 1965 average was .98 inch, the lowest since
1955, when the average was 1.37 inches.
The average loin eye in the market hogs measured
4.71 square inches, reflecting a steady increase from the 1955
average of 3.80 square inches from test boars' littermates.
Average carcass length has varied little from this
year's average 29.8 inches.
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Add Illinois Swine Station Tests - 2
Average figures on 278 carcasses showed 57.71 percent
in four lean cuts.
Hogs on station tests showed the least improvement
in average daily gains. In 1966 tests they averaged 1.65 pounds
of gain daily. In 1964 the average daily gain was 1.71 pounds.
Bears gained an average of 1.82 pounds daily, showing a slight
upward trend.
The seven Illinois swine testing stations are coop-
eratively owned by area hog farmers organized into producer
associations. Cooperating farmers provide hogs for the tests.
Extension swine specialists at the University of Illinois
help pork producers plan the tests and summarize data.
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GAR: lm
12/16/66
JEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
IVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Cooperative Extension Service
Completes Office Changes
URBANA--The University of Illinois Cooperative Exten-
sion Service has just completed a series of office location
and arrangement changes designed to emphasize extension's educa-
tion function and to better service all who seek educational
assistance from the University.
John B. Claar, director of the Cooperative Extension
Service, says that another objective of changing the location,
arrangement and identification of some county offices was to
more clearly indicate the three-way relationship of the offices
to the University, the USDA and local people. All counties in
the state either have met the January 1 deadline for making the
necessary office changes or have entered into contracts for
space that will meet the new standards.
Extension offices are now in 46 public buildings,
including post offices, courthouses, banks and business build-
ings. Seven are in "Extension Centers" owned by extension
associations or other non-profit organizations. And the
Cooperative Extension Service occupies offices in 62 Farm
Bureau office buildings that also house other tenants not
affiliated with Farm Bureau.
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Add Cooperative Extension Service - 2
The office of the farm and home advisers is your local
doorway to the University of Illinois, Claar points out. And
the advisers are University staff members who, as specialists
in agriculture and home economics, can help you solve problems
related to these fields.
The office changes make these advisers more accessible
to you and the total community, Claar says. Check the new phone
book for the address and number of your county Cooperative
Extension Service.
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GMB: sm
12/20/66
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Pilot Group Of FBFM Cooperators
To Use Redesigned 1967 Record Book
URBANA---In 1967 a pilot group of farmers will use a
redesigned farm record book for Illinois FBFM cooperators, reports
University of Illinois farm management specialist D. F. Wilken.
The new book allows farmers to allocate more of their
nonfeed costs to specific production enterprises. And it will
also make use of an electronic computer's ability to store and
recall innumerable facts in summarizing farm records.
The plan is designed to use the combined abilities of
the farmer, the farm management association fieldman and the
computer in fulfilling farm bookkeeping, accounting and. sum-
marizing tasks at the lowest possible cost.
Wilken notes that the decision to start the new system
was made only after more than seven years of studying and observ-
ing similar systems in other states. And he adds that U. of I.
farm management specialists emphasize that, while computers aid
record-keeping, they do not replace the farmer in analyzing a
farm business.
In the past, farm record-keeping services using elec-
tronic bookkeeping and a mail-in system have not been recom-
mended because they have not provided any additional business
analysis service and the cost has been three to 10 times as
much per record as the present Illinois system. Wilken says
that it takes time and careful planning to develop a system,
with similar costs, that will be superior to the present one.
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Add Pilot Group Of FBFM Cooperators - 2
Some of Illinois' 6,500 FBFM enrollees will have an
opportunity to try the new system during a two-year trial
period. In the meantime, farmers may enroll in the standard
Illinois FBFM Service and, at a reasonable fee, have the guidance
of a professionally trained fieldman in keeping accurate and
valid records. Any county farm adviser can furnish details on
how to enroll in the 1967 program, Wilken says.
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JAP:sm
12/20/66
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