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PUBLII    OVIDII    NASONIS 

FASTORUM. 

LIBRI  VL 

OVID'S    FASTI, 

WITH     NOTES, 


REV.    CHARLES    STUART   STANFORD,    A.M. 

LATE  SCHOLAR  OF  TRINITY  COLLEGE. 

Editor  of   Plato's  Apology  of  Socrates,   Crito,    and  Phapdo, 


'  Tempora  cum  causis  Latium  digesta  per  annum.' 


SECOND     EDITION,     REVISED. 


DUBLIN 

WILLIAM  CURRY,  JUN.  AND  COMPANY, 

!),     UPPER    SACKVILtE-STREET. 

1838. 


r* 


r-^ 


U 


UaO 


1 


4 


Dublin  :  Printeil  by  Joiiv  S.  Folds,  5,  Bachelor's. Walk. 


THE  STUDENTS 

OP 

THE    DUBLIN    UNIVERSITY 

THE    FOLLOWING    WORK 
IS    INSCRIBED 

BY 

THE    EDITOR, 


April,  1834, 

T.  a  D. 


PREFACE. 


The  present  Edition  is  submitted  to  the  Student,  with 
the  hope  that  it  may  be  found  in  some  degree  available 
towards  the  attainment  of  correct  and  competent  infor- 
mation, upon  the  various  topics  which  are  comprised  in 
the  Fasti  of  Ovid. 

There  are,  indeed,  but  few  peculiarities  connected  with 
the  habits  and  manners,  or  the  civil  and  religious  institu- 
tions of  his  country  which  the  poet  has  not  directly  or 
by  inference  contrived  to  introduce  into  the  following 
work; — one  which  has  been  generally  and  justly  consi- 
dered by  the  best  critics,  and  amongst  the  rest  by  Rapin, 
to  be  as  effective  in  execution  as  it  is  valuable  and  im- 
portant in  design. 

The  very  nature  of  the  subject  afforded  ample  scope 
for  the  display  of  that  high  order  of  poetical  ability 
with  which  the  name  of  Ovid  must  be  ever  associated 
The  religion  of  heathen  Rome,  it  has  been  justly  ob- 
served, was  interwoven  with  every  circumstance  of  busi- 
ness or  pleasure,  of  public  or  private  life  ;  with  all  the 
offices  and  amusements  of  society  : — hence  it  may  be  rea- 
dily concluded  that  a  minute  account,  such  as  the  Fasti 
presents  of  the  origin  and  details  of  the  Roman  rites  and 


IV  PREFACE. 

ceremonies,  founded  as  the  whole  system  was  upon  fable, 
could  not  fail  to  be  enriched  by  such  attractions  as  My- 
thology could  possess  for  an  ardent  fancy  and  cultivated 
taste. 

This  poem,  which  was  originally  intended  to  have  been 
dedicated  to  Augustus  but  was  afterwards  published 
under  the  auspices  of  Germanicus,  was  commenced  pre- 
vious to  the  mysterious  occurrence  which  led  to  the 
author's  exile  to  Tomi,  where  it  was  finished. 

There  are  no  good  grounds  for  supposing,  in  contra- 
diction apparently  to  what  Ovid  has  stated  himself,  that 
six  books  only  of  the  Fasti,  were  ever  written  :  the  si- 
lence of  Lactantius  upon  the  six  latter  books,  while  he 
speaks  fully  of  those  now  extant,  being  accounted  for  by 
Heinsius,  from  the  strong  probability  of  their  having  been 
lost  previous  to  the  fourth  century,  the  age  of  the  '  Chris- 
tian Cicero.' 

Claudius  Quadrigarius,  Afranius,  Ennius,  Lucius  Cal- 
purnius  Piso,  Fannius,  Laberius,  and  others,  now  only 
known  by  name,  were  the  authorities  whence  Ovid  de- 
rived the  material  of  his  Fasti  ;  it  need  scarcely  be  added 
that  they  could  have  supplied  him  with  but  little  more  ; 
its  vivid  colouring  and  brilliant  ornaments  are  peculiarly 
the  poet's  own. 

It  will  appear  in  several  instances  throughout  the  work 
that  the  poet  has  not  confined  himself  to  the  more  gene- 
rally received  mythologies  and  histories ;  wherever  this 
has  occurred  the  Editor  has  either  stated  the  distinction, 
or,  when  possible,  has  attempted  to  reconcile  the  con- 
flicting testimonies  so  as  to  afford  the  least  complex 
illustration  of  the  text  ;  the  subjects,  however,  which 
appeared  not  to  admit  of  a  fuller  discussion  in  the  im- 
mediate notes,  will  be  treated  of  more  at  large,  along 
with  other  matters,  in  the  Addenda. 


PREFACE.  V 

Such  variations  from  the  adopted  text  as  were  deemed 
worthy  ot"  notice  have  been  mentioned,  with  the  name  of 
the  copy  from  whence  they  were  derived. 

In  compiHng  his  ilhistrations,  tlie  Editor  has  consulted 
the  most  authentic  sources,  and  in  most  instances  has 
quoted,  with  scarcely  any  variation,  the  precise  terms  in 
which  the  requisite  information  was  conveyed  ;  preferring 
what  was  really  useful  to  an  affectation  of  originality,  he 
has  hazarded  but  very  few  conjectures  of  his  own,  and 
those  only  after  considerable  study  and  research. 

Before  concluding,  the  Editor  would  briefly  advert  to 
a  point  of  some  importance,  connected  with  the  introduc- 
tion of  the  Fasti  into  the  Academic  course.  It  has  been 
stated  that  the  general  character  of  the  poem  is  such  as 
scarcely  to  warrant  its  admission  into  colleges  and  schools  ; 
— this  objection,  founded  upon  utter  ignorance  even  of 
what  its  name  would  imply,  requires  no  refutation  here  ; 
the  Fasti,  upon  such  grounds,  being  as  little  deserving 
of  exclusion  as  any  of  the  Latin  works  which  have  for 
ages  formed  a  part  of  school  and  college  discipline. 

It  must  be  admitted,  however,  that  the  poem  is  not  free 
from  a  share  of  those  blemishes  into  which  the  classic 
writers  were  betrayed  from  the  peculiar  taste  and  feeling 
of  their  times ;  and  consequently,  in  compliance  with 
suggestions  which  he  felt  himself  bound  to  respect,  no 
less  than  in  accordance  with  his  own  views,  the  Editor 
has  omitted  all  such  passages  as  he  conceived  could  be 
in  any  degree  liable  to  objection.  Such  omissions,  how- 
ever, have  been  few  and  unimportant,  so  that  where  the 
poet  has  suffered  no  positive  injustice,  the  student  may, 
it  is  hoped,  have  been  wisely  spared  from  even  probable 
injury. 

It  has  been  suggested  that  the  present  Edition  of  the 
Fasti  having  been  already  preceded  by  two  others,  would 


VI  PREFACE. 

appear  to  have  been  put  forward  Avitli  a  claim  upon  public 
support,  which  they  were  not  supposed  equally  well  en- 
titled to  deserve  ;  to  this  the  Editor  can  only  reply,  that 
there  appeared  d.  wide  field  open  for  competition,  nor  has 
he  the  presumption  to  imagine  that  even  yet  the  lists  are 
closed. 

18,  Trinity  College,  Dublin. 
November,  1834. 


PREFACE   TO  THE   SECOND  EDITION, 


In  submitting  a  Second  Edition  of  the  Fasti  to  the 
Public,  the  Editor  hopes  he  may  be  permitted,  without 
charge  of  presumption,  to  express  his  unfeigned  sense 
of  the  kind  and  encouraging  reception  of  which,  on  ita 
first  appearance,  the  work  was  thought  worthy.  That 
the  success  of  his  exertions,  in  the  sanction  they  have 
obtained  in  England  and  Scotland,  as  well  as  at  home, 
has  been  a  source  of  sincere  gratification  to  him,  would 
be  an  idle  affectation  to  deny ;  at  the  same  time 
he  is  fully  aware  that  he  required  all  the  generous 
indulgence  which  has  been  so  liberally  and  considerately 
bestowed. 

The  most  careful  attention,  compatible  with  the  dis- 
charge of  momentous  professional  duties,  has  been 
exercised  in  revising  and  enlarging  the  present  edition 
of  the  Fasti.  In  particular,  the  number  of  parallel 
passages  from  the  English  Poets  has  been  increased ; 
the  Editor  conceiving  that  among  the  many  fascinations 


accompanying  classical  pursuits,  not  the  least  attractive 
consists  in  tracing  the  analogies  of  feeling  and  ex- 
pression between  ancient  and  modern  intellect  and  taste. 
Upon  the  importance  of  the  Fasti  of  Ovid  as  a 
classic  whose  effective  study  must  necessarily  be  fol- 
lowed by  a  valuable  and  extensive  acquaintance  with 
history  and  mythology,  it  is  needless  now  .to  dilate ; 
it  has  been  already  felt  and  acknowledged  to  an 
extent  which  precludes  dispute. 

i),    Upper  Sackville- Street, 
Awjust  24,   1838. 


ERRATUM. 
For  "  n.imes,"  Note  33,  Book  II.  rend  "  manc;." 


VI 


KALENDARIUM 

AD  FASTOS  NASONIANOS 
ACCOMMODATUM. 


JANUARIUS. 

I. 

Kalendis  Januarii 

Jani  Festura.  Templa  Jovi  el 
.^sculapio  sacrata. 

II. 

Quarto  Nonas. 

III. 

Tertio  Non. 

Cancri  Brachiaoccidunt. 

IV. 

Pridie  Non. 

V. 

Nonis. 

Lyra  oritur. 

VI. 

Octavo  Idus. 

VII. 

Septimo  Id. 

VIII. 

Sexto  Id. 

IX. 

Quinto  Id. 

Jani  Agonalia.   Delpbin  oritur. 

X. 

Quarto  Id. 

Media  Hiems. 

XI. 

Tertio  Id. 

Carmentalia.  .^des  Juturna^ 
dicata. 

XII. 

Pridie  Id. 

XIII. 

Idibus. 

Provincise  Populo  Romano  red- 
dits.  Csesar  Augustus  dictus. 

XIV. 

Decirao  nono  Kalendas 
Februarii. 

XV. 

Dec.  octavo  Kal.  Feb. 

XVI. 

Dec.  septimo  Kal.  Feb. 

XVII. 

Dec.  sexto  Kal.  Feb. 

XVIII. 

Dec.  quinto  Kal.  P'eb. 

XIX. 

Dec.  quarto  Kal.  Feb. 

XX. 

Dec.  tertio  Kal.  Feb. 

XXI. 

Duodecimo  Kal.  Feb, 

XXII. 

Undecimo  Kal.  Feb. 

XXIII. 

Decimo  Kal.  Feb. 

XXIV. 

Nono  Kal.  Feb.    ' 

XXV. 

Octavo  Kal.  Feb. 

XXVI. 

Septimo  Kal.  Feb. 

(Ferise  Sementivre.^ 

XXVII. 

Sexto  Kal.  Feb. 

XXVIII 

.  Quinto  Kal.  Feb. 

XXIX. 

Quarto  Kal.  Feb. 

XXX. 

Tertio  Kal.  Feb. 

Ara  Paci  posita. 

XXXI. 

Pridie  Kal.  Feb. 

A  2 


KALENDARIUM. 


FEBRUARIUS. 


I. 

Kalendis  Febiuarii. 

iEdes  Sospitae  dicata.  Lucaria. 
Sacra  in  Vestae  et  Jovis  To- 
nantis  templis  facta. 

II. 

Quarto  Nonas. 

Occidunt  Lyra  tota  et  Leonis 
medii  Terga. 

III. 

Tertio  Non. 

Occidit  Delphin. 

IV. 

Pridie  Non. 

V. 

Nonis. 

Augustus  Caesar  Pater  Patriae 
dictus.  Aquarius  oritur. 

VI. 

Octavo  Idus. 

VII. 

Septimo  Id. 

VIII. 

Sexto  Id. 

IX. 

Quinto  Id. 

X. 

Quarto  Id. 

XI. 

Tertio  Id. 

XII. 

Pridie  Id. 

XIII. 

Idibus. 

Fabiorum  Caedes. 

XIV. 

Decimo  Sexto  Kalendas  Corvus,  Crater,  et  Anguis  ori- 

Martii. 

untur. 

XV. 

Dec.  quinto  Kal.  Mart 

Lupercalia.  Venti  incerti.  Sol 
in  Piscibus. 

XVI. 

Dec.  quarto  Kal.  Mart. 

XVII. 

Dec.  tertio  Kal.  Mart. 

Quirinalia.  Stultorum  Feriae, 
et  Fornacalia. 

XVIII. 

Duodecimo  Kal.  Mart. 

Feralia. 

XIX. 

Uadecimo  Kal.  Mart. 

Cbaristia. 

XX. 

Decimo  Kal.  Mart. 

Terrainalia. 

XXI. 

Nono  Kal.  Mart. 

XXII. 

Octavo  Kal.  Mart 

XXIII. 

Septimo  Kal.  Mart. 

Regifugiura. 

XXIV. 

Sexto  Kal.  Mart. 

XXV. 

Quinto  Kal.  Mart. 

(Hirundinum  Adrentus. ) 

XXVI. 

Quarto  Kal.  Mart. 

XXVII. 

Tertio  Kal.  Mart. 

Equiria  in  Campo  Martio. 

XXVIII 

Pridie  Kal.  Mart. 

MARTIUS. 

I. 

Kalendis  IMartii. 

Matronalia.  Junoni  Lucinse 
^des  dicata.  Anciliorum 
Festum. 

11. 

Se.xto  Nonas. 

III. 

Quinto  Non. 

Piscis  Notius  occidit. 

IV. 

Quarto  Non. 

V. 

Tertio  Non. 

Occidit  Arctophyla.x.  Oritur 
Vindemitor. 

VI. 

Pridie  Non. 

Festum  Vestae. 

VII. 

Nonis. 

Templlim  Vejovi  sacratum.  Pe- 
gasus oritur. 

VIII. 

Octavo  Idus. 

Ariadnes  Corona  oritur. 

KALENDARIUM. 


IX. 

Septimo  Id. 

X. 

Sexto  Id. 

XL 

Quinto  Id. 

XII. 

Quarto  Id. 

XIII. 

Tertio  Id. 

Equiria  juxta  Tiberim. 

XIV. 

Pridie  Id. 

XV. 

Idibus. 

Annse  Perennse  Festum, 

,      Par- 

ricidium,   sive  Julii 

Caesaris 

Caedes. 

XVI. 

Decimo  Septimo  Kalen- 

Scorpios  medius  occidit. 

XVII. 


XVIII. 
XIX. 


das  Aprilis. 
Dec.  sexto  Kal.  Apr. 


Dec.  quinto  Kal.  Apr. 
Dec.  quarto  Kal.  Apr. 


XX.  Dec.  tertio  Kal.  Apr. 

XXL  Duodecimo  Kal.  Apr. 

XXIL  Uiidecimo  Kal.  Apr. 

XXIIL  Decimo  KaL  Apr. 

XXIV.  Nono  Kal.  Apr. 

XXV.  Octavo  Kal.  Apr. 
XXVL  Septimo  KaL  Apr, 
XXVIL  Sexto  Kal.  Apr. 

XXVIIL  Quinto  KaL  Apr. 

XXIX.  Quarto  KaL  Apr. 

XXX.  Tertio  Kal.  Apr. 


Liberalia.  Pueris  Toga  Virilis 
data.  Argeorum  Festum. 
Milvus  oritur. 

Sol  in  Ariete. 

Minervae  captae  Festum,  et 
Quinquatriorum  Dies  primus. 


^quinoctium. 

Quinquatriorum    Dies  ultimus. 
Tubilustrium  Martis. 


Jani,    Concordiae,    Salutis,    et 
Pacis  Festum. 


XXXL 

Pridie  Kal.  Apr. 

Lunae  Festum. 

APRILIS. 

I. 

Kalendis  Aprilis. 

Venus  Floribus  et  Jlyrto. 

IL 

Quarto  Nonas. 

IIL 

Tertio  Non. 

IV. 

Pridie  Non. 

Megalesia. 

V. 

Nonis. 

Fortunse  Publicse  JEdes  dicata. 

VI. 

Octavo  Idus. 

Juba  victus.  Libra  occidit. 
Dies  pluvius. 

vn. 

Septimo  Id. 

VIIL 

Sexto  Id. 

IX. 

Quinto  Id. 

X. 

Quarto  Id. 

XL 

Tertio  Id. 

Orion  occidit. 

XIL 

Pridie  Id. 

Ludi  Cereales. 

XIIL 

Idibus. 

Jovi  Victori,  et  Libertati  Tem- 
pla  dicata. 

XIV. 

Decimo  octavo  Kalendas  Caesar  ad  Mutinam  Victor. 

Maii. 

XV. 

Dec.  septimo  Ka' 

1.  Mai 

.  Fordicidia. 

XVI. 

Dec.  sexto  Kal.  '. 

Mai. 

AugustusCaesar  Imperalor  dictus. 

KALENDARIUM. 


XVII.  Dec.  quinto  Kal.  Mai. 

XVIII.  Dec.  quarto  Kal.  Mai. 

XIX.  Dec.  tertio  Kal.  Mai. 

XX.  Duodecimo  Kal.  Mai. 

XXI.  Undecimo  Kal.  Mai. 

XXII.  Decimo  Kal.  Mai. 

XXIII.  None  Kal.  Mai. 

XXIV.  Octavo  Kal.  Mai. 

XXV.  Septimo  KaL  Mai. 

XXVI.  Sexto  Kal.  Mai. 

XXVII.  Quinto  Kal.  Mai. 

XXVIII.  Quarto  Kal.  Mai. 


Hyades  occidunt. 

Ludi  Circenses.   Vulpium  Com- 

bustio. 
Sol  in  Tauro. 
Palilia.  Roma  condita. 

Vinalia  Veneris  et  Jovis. 

Medium   Ver.      Occidit  Aries. 
Oritur  Canis.     Rubigalia. 


Floralia.      Vestas    Palatinap    et 
Phosbi  Festa. 


XXIX. 
XXX. 


Tertio  Kal.  Mai. 
Pridie  Kal.  Mart. 


MAIUS. 


II. 

III. 

IV. 

V. 

VI. 

VII. 

VIII. 

IX. 

X. 

XI. 

XII. 

XIII. 

XIV. 

XV. 

XVI. 

XVII. 
XVIII. 
XIX. 
XX. 


Kalendis  Maii. 

Sexto  Nonas. 

Quinto  Non. 

Quarto  Non. 

Tertio  Non. 

Pridie  Non. 

Nonis. 

Octavo  Idus. 

Septimo  Id, 

Sexto  Id. 

Quinto  Id. 

Quarto  Id. 

Tertio  Id. 

Pridie  Id. 

Idibus. 

Decimo  septimo  Kalen- 

das  Junii. 
Dec.  sexto  Kal.  Jun. 
Dec.  quinto  Kal.  Jun. 
Dec.  quarto  Kal.  Juu. 
Dec.  tertio  Kal.  Jun. 


XXI.  Duodecimo  Kal.  Jun. 

XXII.  Undecimo  Kal.  Jun. 
XXIIL     Decimo  Kal.  Jun. 


XXIV. 

XXV. 

XXVI. 

XXVII. 

XXVIII. 


Nono  Kal.  Jun. 
Octavo  Kal.  Jun. 
Septimo  Kal.  Jun. 
Sexto  Kal.  Jun. 
Quinto  Kal.  Jun. 


Oritur    Capella.     Ara  Laribus 

Prsestitibus  posita. 
Argestes  flat.     Hyades    oriun- 

tur.   Floralium  Finis. 
Centaurus  oritur. 

Lyra  oritur. 

Scorpios  medius  occidit. 


Lemuria. 

Lemuria. 

Festum  Martis  Bisultoris. 

Pleiades oriuutur.  Taurus  oritur. 
Mercurii  Festum. 


Sol  in  Geminis.  Agonalia.   Ori- 
tur Canis. 
Tubilustria. 
Q.  R.  C.  F. 
jEdes  Publicse  Fortunae  dicatn. 

Oritur  Aquila. 
Bootes  occidit. 
Hyades  oriuntur. 


KALRNDARIUM. 


XXIX.  Quarto  Kal.  Jun. 

XXX.  Tertio  Kal.  Jun. 

XXXI.  Pridie  Kal.  Jun. 


JUNIUS. 

J. 

Kalendis  Junii. 

Carnse  et  Martis  Festa.  Junoni 
Monet£e,et  Tempestati  Teni- 
pla  dicata.     Oritur  Aquila. 

II. 

Quarto  Nonas. 

Hyades  oriuntur. 

III. 

Tertio  Non. 

IV. 

Pridie  Non. 

Bellonee,  et  Herculi  Custodi 
Terapla  dicata. 

V. 

Nonis  Jun. 

Sanco  Fidio  Semoni  Patri  Mdes 
dicata.   Nubere  infaustum. 

VI. 

Octavo  Idus. 

VII. 

Septimo  Id. 

Ludi  Tiljerini. 

VIII. 

Sexto  Id. 

Menti  .^des  dicata. 

IX. 

Quinto  Id. 

Vestalia.  Ara  Jovi  Pistori  po- 
sita.  Palladium  ex  Igne  rap- 
tum.  Victi  Callaici.  Crassi 
Caedes. 

X. 

Quarto  Id. 

Oritur  Delphin. 

XI. 

Tertio  Id. 

Matralia.  Rutilii  et  Didii 
Caedes.  Fortunae  et  Concor- 
diae  Templa  dicata. 

XII. 

Pridie  Id. 

XIII. 

Idibus. 

Jovi  ^des  dicata.  Quinquatria 
Minora. 

XIV. 

Decimo  octavo  Kalendas 

Julii. 

XV. 

Dec.  septimo  Kal.  Jul. 

Hyades  oriuntur.  JEies  Yestte 
purgata. 

XVI. 

Dec.  sexto  Kal.  Jul. 

Zephyrus  flat. 

XVII. 

Dec.  quinto  Kal.  Jul. 

Delphin  oritur.  Volsci  et  ^Equi 
victi. 

XVIII. 

Doc.  quarto  Kal.  Jul. 

Sol  in  Cancro.  .^des  Minervse 
data. 

XIX. 

Dec.  tertio  Kal.  Jul. 

^des  Summano  data.  Ophiu- 
cIjus  oritur. 

XX. 

Duodecimo  Kal.  Jul. 

XXI. 

Undecimo  Kal.  Jul. 

XXII. 

Decimo  Kal.  Jul. 

XXIII. 

Nono  Kal.  Jul. 

Flarainus  victus. 

XXIV. 

Octavo  Kal.  Jul. 

Syphax  et  Hasdrubal  victi.  For- 
tis  Fortunae  Festum. 

XXV. 

Septimo  Kal.  Jul. 

XXVI. 

Sexto  Kal.  Jul. 

Orionis  Zona  oritur.  Solstitiura. 

XXVII. 

Quinto  Kal.  Jul. 

Laribus  et  Jovi  Statori  Templa 
data. 

XXVIIl. 

Quarto  Kal.  Jul. 

vEdes  Quirino  data. 

XXIX. 

Tertio  Kal.  Jul. 

XXX. 

Pridie  Ka!.  Jul. 

Herculis  et  Musarum  Feitura. 

INDEX  CODICUM. 


Ambros.   Ambrosianus. 
Arund.   Arundelianus. 
Arg.  Arsfentinensis. 
Barb.    Codex  Barberini. 
Bern.   Bernensis. 
Cant.   Cantabrigiensis. 
Douz,  Codex  Jani  Douzae. 
Fames.   Farnesianus. 
Florent.   Floreutinus. 
Franco/.  Francofurtinensis. 
Gronov.    Gronovianus. 
Heins.  Codex  Heinsii. 
Mazar.  Mazarinianus. 
Med.  Mediceus. 
Moret.  Codex  Moreti. 


Neap.   Neapolitanus. 

Patav.  Patavinus. 

Pat.  (Fragmen.)  Patavinum. 

Pet.  Codex  Petavii, 

Pol.  Codex  Politiaai. 

Pol.  (Ex.)  Excerpta  Politiani. 

Sarrav.  Sarravianus. 

Seal.    Codex  Josephi  Scaligeri. 

Seal.  (E.T.)  Excerpta  Scaligeri. 

Thuan.   Codex  Thuanii. 

Vatie.   Vaticanus. 

Ursin.    Codex  Ursini. 

Voss.   Codex  Vossii. 

Voss.  (Exe.)  Excerpta  Vossii. 
Zulicli.  Zulicliemianus. 


X^i 


p.  OVIDII  NASONIS  VITA, 

Ez  vetusto  codice  Pomponii  LcEii,cujusapographumextat  in  Vaticanu 
Bibliotheca. 

P.  OviDius  Naso,  a.  d.  xii.  Kal.  April,  Sulmone  in  Pelignis 
natus  est :  quo  anno  bello  Mutinensi  P.  Hirtius  et  C.  Pansa  Coss, 
diem  obiere.  Honoribus  Romse  functus  :  fuit  enim  arbiter  et  tri- 
umvir, et  judicium  inter  centum  viros  dixit.  Sub  Plotio  Grippo  li- 
teris  eruditus :  deinde  apud  Marcellum  P'uscum  Rlietorem,  cujus 
auditor  fuit,  optime  declamavit.  Admirator  plurimum  Porcii  La- 
tronis  fuit,  quern  adeo  studiose  audivit,  ut  multas  ejus  sententias  in 
versus  suos  transtulerit.  Bonus  declamator  et  ingeniosus  habitus 
est,  et  carmine  prosa  licenter  scripsit,  ingenii  sui  adeo  amator,  ut  ex 
lis  quae  dixit,  etiam  precantibus  amicis,  nihil  mutaverit.  In  carmi- 
nibus  vitia  sua  non  ignoravit,  sed  araavit.  Militavit  sub  M.  Varrone. 
Julio  Graecino  Grammatico  familiaris.  Tandem  cum  venisset  in 
suspicionem  Augusti,  creditus  sub  nomine  Corinnse  amasse  Juliam, 
in  exilium  missus  est ;  exulavit  Tomis,  ibique  decessit  annum  agens 
i.x.  novissimum. 


JUDICIUM  DE  P.  OVIDIO  NASONE. 

£.r  Danielis  Heinsii  Libro  de  coustitutione  Tragcedia  secundum 
Ariatotehm. 

Omnes  Ovidius  transcendit.  Sive  falsa  probabiliter,  sive  obscura 
perspicue,  sive  utraque  ornate,  sive  omnia  simpliciter  sint  exponen- 
da.  Falsa,  ut  in  IMetamorphosi.  Obscura,  ut  mathematica,  et  an- 
tiquitatis  arcana  in  Fastis.  Quaj  ad  mores  pertinent,  ubique.  Etiam 
cum  ludit  aut  lascivit.  Idque  verbis  et  oratione  vulsrari.  Ut  et  dicat 
qure  velit,  et  doceat  quje  quisque  intelligat :  tarn  admirabili  felicitate, 
ut  cum  quivis  idem  posse  videatur,  nemo  possit :  nemo,  nisi  mao'ni 
animi  et  excitati,  tentare  idem  ausit :  sapientes  etiam  desperent. 
Ubique  sententizs,  ubique  loci  communes  :  de  ignavia,  de  disciplinis, 
brevitate  formee,  opum  contemptu.  Neque  semper  falsa  n.irrat,  Ut 
in  opere  jam  dicto  :  in  quo  plurimas  historiasexponit.  Ut  Lucretise. 


xiv.  JUDICIUM   DE  P.  OVIDIO  NASONE. 

(Fast.  ii.  721,  et  seq.)  Nam  quid  cum  simplicihite  ilia  comparandum  ? 
quam  indocti  et  rustici  fastidiunt :  urbani  et  ingemii  sine  uUa  imita- 
tionis  spe  adorant.     Ecce  celeritatem  : 

Nox  superest :   tollamur  equis,  urbemque  petamus. 

Dicta  placent :   fisenis  impediuntur  equi. 
Pertulerant  dominos  :   regalia  protinus  ipsi 

Tectapetunt:  custos  in  fore  riullus  erat. 

Nulius  equus,  ac  vix  cogitato  humana,  banc  celeritatem  assequatur. 
Tale  est  ilhid : 

Sic  sedit :  sic  culta  fiiit;   sic  stamina  nevit : 

Injectse  coUo  sic  jacuere  comae. 
Hos  habuit  vultus :  hsec  illi  verba  fuerunt, 

Hie  color,  hiEc  facies,  hie  nitor  oris  erat. 

Numerorum  autem  tanta  in  hoc  scripto,  cujus  partem  alteram  liabe- 
mus,  paritas,  simplicitas,  ac  invidenda  suavitas,  ut,  quid  magni  viri 
velint,  cum  mutari  quosdam  posse  existiment,  neque  ipsi,  nisi  fallor, 
iieque  nos  intelligamus.  Nondum  enim  cuiquam  id  probarunt,  cum 
in  simili  scribendi  genere  versati  sunt.  Libri  Tristiura,  et  qui  De 
Ponto  inscribuntur,  quo  ab  omni  affectatione  (quanquam  iis  cum 
plerisque  illius  scriptis  hoc  commune  est)  magisalieni  sunt,  eo  magis 
commendari  juventuti  debent.  Et  ubique  Latinitas,  vel  inter  prima. 
Ut  non  temere  Muretus,  quo,  post  literas  renatas,  nemo  sine  affecta- 
tione elegantius  scripsit,  quendam,  qui  auctori  tanto  hanc  detraheret, 
prodigii  instar,  ovis  et  sulphure  lustrandum  existimet.  Ut  et  Jose- 
phus  Scaliger.  Julius  autem,  in  Rhetoricis  (qui  illius  libri  cum 
aliis  non  paucis  perierunt)  tanquam  absolutuni  et  perfectum  omni  ex 
parte  exemplum,  scripta  ejus  proponebat.  Neque  temere  alia  auc- 
toritate  quae  docebat,  quod  non  semel  ex  divino  ejus  viri  filio  audirc 
memini,  ubique  confirmabat.  Sed  natura  ejus  viri,  candor,  ingenui- 
tas,  velocilag,  quaj  in  narrationibus  potissimum  elucet,  supra  votum 
est.     Proxinium  est  ergo,  recte  de  iis  judicare. 


p.  OVIDII  NASONIS 

FASTORUA 

LIBER    I. 


Tempora  cum  causis  Latium  digesta  per  annum, 
Lapsaque  sub  terras,  ortaque  signa,  canam. 

*  Fasturum.     Fasti-orum.   m.     tercalary  month  of  23 days,  which 
Generally,  '  chronicles,'  '  annals,'     formed  of  course  a  part  of  it  al- 


public  rei,nsters,'  Here  '  a  calen- 
dar,' rifii^oXoyiov.  Th.  Fas.  In  its 
primaryacceptation  it  is  equivalent 
to  annates,  botii  terms  being^  ap- 
plied indiscriminately  to  the  re- 
cords kept  by  the  Pontifex  Maxi- 
rous  at  Rome,  (  Cic.  de  Orat.  1.  2, 
c.  12)  of  all  the  remarkable  occur- 
rences there  and  elsewhere.  But 
in  the  text  it  is  to  be  understood 
in  a  more  limited  sense,  as  appli- 
cable solely  to  the  business  of  the 
Roman  calendar.  There  were  ori- 
g-inally  twelve  books  of  the  Fasti, 
'  Sex  ego  Fastorum  scripsi  totidem- 
que  libellos.'  Ovid  Trist.  iii. 594. 
of  which  six  only  are  now  extant. 
1.   Tempora,  ^'c.    Days.    {u^a.). 


ready,  two  extraordinary  months 
between  Novemberand  December, 
the  one  of  3-3,  and  the  other  of  34 
davs,  so  that  this  year,  which  was 
called  the  last  year  of  confusion, 
consisted  of  sixteen  months,  or 
445  days.  The  year  then  fell  into 
the  orderin  which  it  hascontinued, 
with  but  one  variation,  that  of  the 
Old  and  New  Style,  occasioned 
by  a  regulation  of  Pope  Gregory, 
A.  D.  1582,  to  the  present  time. 
Csesar  was  assisted  in  his  plan 
by  the  talent  and  abilities  of 
Sositrenes,  a  celebrated  astronomer 
of  Alexandria,  whom  he  brought 
to  Rome  for  the  purpose ;  and  a 
new  calendar  was  formed  from  his 


Cawsis, (a<T/ov)  Origini;f,ordesiga  arrangement  by  Flavius,  a  scribe, 
in  the  celebration  of  each  particular  digested  according  to  the  order  of 
day.  The  etymologies  of  this  word  the  Roman  festivals,  and  the  old 
are  various — cavillor,  casus,  quae -o,  manner  of  computing  the  days  by 
a.~<ra,  caveo.  kalends,  nones,  and  ides,  which 
1,  Latium,  '^'c.  Arranged  was  published  and  authorised  by 
throughout  the  Italian  year,  i.  e.  the  dictator's  edict, 
the  solar  or  Julian,  which  con-  The  poet  commences  with  the 
tained  365  days  and  one  fourth,  month  of  January,  which  has  re- 
six  hours;  and  which  was  adopted  tained  its  name  since  the  time  of 
by  Julius  Cajsar  when  he  became  Numa  Pompilius  to  the  present, 
master  of  the  state,  in  order  to  re-  with  but  one  interval,  during  the 
medy  many  previous  abuses.  See  reign  of  the  emperor  Commodus, 
infr.  note  43.  He  did  away  with  in  honor  of  whom,  or  of  whose 
intercalations,  and  A.  U.  707,  ad-  mistress  rather,  it  wascalled  'Am- 


justed  the  year  according  to  the 
course  of  the  sun,  assigning  to 
each  year  the  number  of  days 
which  they  still  contain.  To  en- 
sure regularity,  from  the  first  of  the 
ensuing  January,  he  inserted  in  the 
current  year,  in  addition  to  the  in- 


azonius  ;'  the  original  appellation 
was  restored  upon  his  decease  by 
a  decree  of  the  senate.  JElius 
Lumprid,  cap.  xi. 

2.  Canam,  in  some  copies  Cano. 
See  Virg.  jEneid,  i.  1. 1,  and  Fast. 
ii.  7,  and  iv.  12. 

B 


2 


FASTORUM  LIB.  I. 


Excipe  pacato,  Caesar  Germanice,  vultu 

Hoc  opus  ;  et  timidae  dirige  navis  iter : 
Officiique  leveni  non  aversatus  honorem, 

In  tibi  devoto  munere  dexter  ades. 
Sacra  recognosces  Annalibus  eruta  priscis ; 

Et  quo  sit  merito  quaique  notata  dies. 
Invenies  illic  et  festa  domestica  vobis : 

Sa?pe  tibi  Pater  est,  saepe  legendus  Avus. 
Quaeque  ferunt  illi  pictos  signantia  Fastos, 

Tu  quoque  cum  Druso  praemia  fratre  feres. 
Caesaris  arma  canant  alii ;  nos  Caesaris  aras, 

Et  quoscunque  sacris  addidit  ille  dies. 
Annue  conanti  per  laudes  ire  tuorum  ; 

Deque  meo  pavidos  excute  corde  metus. 
Da  mihi  te  placidum  ;  dederis  in  carmina  vires  ; 

Ingenium  vultu  statque  caditque  tuo. 


10 


15 


3.  Pacato.   Favorable,  benign. 

—  Germanice.  Son  of  Drusus 
Claudius  Nero,  and  nephew  of 
Tiberius,  who,  by  the  direction  of 
Augustus,  became  his  father  by 
adoption.  He  received  the  sur- 
name, Gernianicus,from  his  father 
Drusus,  on  whom  and  on  wliose 
posterity  the  senate  bestowed  it  in 
commemoration  of  his  illustrious 
conquests  in  Germany. 

6.  Dexter.  Propitious. 

7.  Annalibus,  ^c.  The  annals, 
before  Ovid's  time,  were  compiled 
by  Hemina,  Claudius,  Afranius, 
Ennius,  Attius,  Quadrigarius, 
Fiso,  Fannius,  Fenestella,  liabe- 
rius  and  Licinius. 

—  Erutapriscis.  In  Excerpt. 
Voss.  Edita,  a  word  in  frequent  use, 
in  sacred  matters,  with  Z/w,  Gron. 
ad  Liv.  XXV.  12,  and  xliii.  14; 
but  eruta  is  approved.  See  Fast. 
iv.  11;  for  priscis  some  copies 
read  primis.  Propert.  1.  vii.  3; 
Lucan.  X.  51. 

8.  Merito.  Worth,  value,  or 
excellency. 

—  Notata.  Notanda,  Got- 
torph.  Medic,  and  Vatic.  Sacrata 
Thuau.  and  another.  Vocata  Far- 


9.  Et  festa  d.  Et  signa  d. 
some  copies.      Ut  festa  Junian. 

—  Domestica.  So  called  because 
ordained  in  honour  of  the  house  of 
Caesar. 

10.  Pater  legendus,  8fc.  i.  e. 
In  the  course  of  your  study  you 
will  frequently  find  your  fatlierand 
grandfather  (Tiberius  and  Augus- 
tus, by  adoption)  the  objects  of 
your  attention. 

11.  Pictos.  Drawn,  painted,  sc. 
rninio,  with  red  lead. 

12.  Tu  quoque,  i.  e.  You  too 
shall  partake  of  the  glory  of  your 
race.  Druso,  son  of  Tiberius, and  by 
adoption,  brother  of  Germanicus. 

13.  Canant.  Canent  Thuau. 
and  Moret. 

—  Aras.  Built  and  consecrated 
by  Augustus.  Scaliger  suggested 
Aram,  as  allusion  is  most  likely 
made  to  the  altar  consecrated  by 
Augustus  to  Peace.  However,  aroi; 
is  used  for  aram,  Fast.  vi.  357, 
where  the  altar  of  Saturn  is  evi- 
dently meant. 

14.  Dies.  Deos  Sarrav.  and  15 
ire  tuorum,  ire  deorum  Thuan.  and 
Moret. 

18.  Vultu.  Nutu  Heins.  as  inf. 
70  and  elsewhere. 


MENSES.  3 

Patina  judicium  docti  subitura  movetur 

Principis,  ut  Clario  missa  legenda  Deo.  20 

QuEB  sit  enim  culti  facundia  sensimus  oris, 

Civica  pro  trepidis  ciim  tulit  arma  reis. 
Scimus  et,  ad  nostras  cum  se  tulit  impetus  artes, 

Ingenii  currant  flumina  quanta  tui. 
Si  licet,  et  fas  est,  vates  rege  vatis  habenas ;  25 

Auspice  te  felix  totus  ut  annus  eat. 

MENSES. 

Tempora  digereret  cum  conditor  Urbis,  in  anno 

Constituit  menses  quinque  bis  esse  suo. 
Scilicet  arma  magis,  quam  sidera,  Romule,  noras ; 

Curaque  finitimos  vincere  major  erat.  30 

Est  tamen  et  ratio,  Caesar,  qua;  moverit  ilium  ; 

Erroremque  suum  quo  tueatur  habet. 
Quod  satis  est,  utero  matris  dum  prodeat  infans ; 

Hoc  anno  statuit  temporis  esse  satis. 
Per  totidem  menses  a  funere  conjugis  uxor  35 

Sustinet  in  vidua  tristia  signa  domo. 


19.  Movetur.  Trembles,  is 
troubled  or  agitated.  A  compli- 
ment to  the  critical  taste  of  Ger- 
manicus, 

20.  Clario  Deo.  As  if  sent 
to  be  perused  by  the  Clarian  God; 
Apollo,  so  called  from  Claros  in 
Asia  Minor,  where  he  had  a  tem- 
ple and  an  oracle.  Tacit,  lib.  ii. 
Annal.  cap.  54. 

—  Missa.  Musa  Francof. 

22.  Cum  tulit  arma  reis.  Ora- 
vit,  says  Suetonius  of  Germanicus, 
causas  triumphaleis.  And  JJio 
Cassius,  lib.  LVI.  K«;  avro;  /xit 
ouTi»  ec^iov  firv/iti;  fzff^a'i^l,  srXjiv  on 
xai  r'ori  uTi^iiixyi(riy. 

23.  Ad  nostras,  ^c.  Germani- 
cus evinced  a  strong  natural  desire 
(impetus)  for  literary  and  especi- 
ally poetical  (nostras  artes)  dis- 
tinction ;  he  wrote  several  Greek 
comedies. 

27.  Conditor.  Rome  was  found- 
ed by  Romulus,  B.C.  730. 

28.  Constituit  menses,  ^~c.     It 


is  generally  supposed  that  Romu- 
lus did  not  ordain  a  new  year,  but 
that  he  merely  made  some  altera- 
tion in  the  course  of  the  months 
in  that  which  previously  existed. 
It  appears  that  before  the  founding 
of  the  city,  ten  months  was  the 
year's  duration  in  Latium  as  in 
many  other  nations ;  at  Athens, 
forinstance,  where  Clisthenes  after 
the  expulsion  of  the  tyrants,  divi- 
ded the  people  into  ten  tribes  : — 
H^uraviia-  6-/iXukus  o  ^^otii;.  AiripnTi 
ya.^  ZTaoa  ' Afrtvaioi;  i  ifixurof  u;  iixcc 
TqUTCcviias,  oirai  xai  ^vXa,)  riffav,  xai 
iv^uretviutrav  \»a,trrri  (fivXr)  kcit  iviau- 
Tov  iirra.2,,  o^tv  xai  tovs  fiitr^ovs  xou  Ta 
ivoixia,  xa.1  ra;  ■a^vraviia;  xxto,  /itjvce. 
iTiXouv.     Ammonius  Herm. 

32.   Tueatur.  Defend,  excuse. 

36.  Sustinet.  Preserves,  keeps 
up,  continues.  Signa.  The  mourn- 
ing garments ;  cypress  boughs, 
which  were  hung  up  in  the  habita- 
tions of  the  deceased,  &c. 


FASTORUM  LIB.  I. 


Hoc  igltui-  vicllt  trabeati  cura  Quirini, 

Ciim  rudibus  populis  annua  jura  daret. 
Martis  erat  primus  mensis,  Venerisque  secundus  : 

Hacc  generis  princeps,  ipsius  ille  pater. 
Tertius  a  Seiub\is,  Juvenum  de  nomine  quartus : 

Quae  sequitur,  numero  turba  notata  t'uit. 
At  Numa  nee  Janum,  nee  avitas  prseterit  umbras 

Mensibus  antiquis  apposuitque  duos. 

37.  Trabeati.  The  trahea  was 
a  robe  worn  by  kin<;s,  consuls  and 
autjurs.  It  was  white,  adorned 
with  stripes  of  purple  (vircjata  vel 
palmata  a  trablbusc/jc^a).  Accord- 
in?  to  Servius,  made  of  purple  and 
scarlet  (ex  purpura  et  cocco  7nis- 
tum),  in  Virg.  j^neid.  vii.  612. 
According  to  Plinv,  Romulus  used 
only  the  trabea.  The  toga  prcetexta 
{ a  white  robe  fringed  with  purple) 
was  introduced  by  Tullus  Hosti- 
lius,  and  also  the  latus  clavus  (a 
tunic  or  waistcoat  with  an  oblong, 
broad  stripe  of  purple,  like  a  rib- 
bon sewed  to  it  on  the  fore  part,) 
after  he  had  conquered  the  Tus- 
cans. Plin.  ix.  39,  s.  63.  viii.  48 
s.  74. 

—  Quirini.  Romulus  was  called 
Quirinus,  as  JEneas  Jupiter  Jn- 
diyes,  after  he  hail  been  ranked 
among  the  gods,  either  from  quiris 
a  spear,  or  Cures,  a  city  of  the  Sa- 
bines.      See  Fasti,  ii.  361-4. 

38.  Annua.  Pertaining  to  the 
year. 

39.  Martis  erat,  S,-c.  Romulus 
is  said  to  have  divided  the  year 
into  ten  months;  the  tirst  of  which 
was  called  Martius,  March,  from 
Mars,  his  supposed  father.  Fasti, 
iii.   74,   95 ;   the  second,  Aprilis. 


40 


Juno,  or  in  honour  of  the  youn?, 
(juniorum)ns  May  probalilvofold, 
(^mujorum )  as  in  the  text,  &  Fast.  v. 
4-i3.  The  rest  were  named  from 
their  number,  Quiiitdis.  Sextilis, 
September,  October,  November, 
December.  Ibid.  i.  41.  Quintilis 
was  afterwards  called  Julius,  from 
Julius  Csesar ;  because  in  it  he  had 
been  first  made  consul,  and  ha<l 
obtained  some  remarkable  victories 
Suet.  31,  Dio.  Iv.  6,  in  particular 
he  had  become  a  master  of  Alex- 
andria iu  Egypt,  A.  U.  724,  and 
fifteen  years  after  (lustro  terlio), 
on  the  same  dav,  probably  the  29th 
of  Auirust,  had  vanquished  the 
Rhoeti  by  means  of  Tiberius.  Ho- 
ra/.  Of/.iv.  14.  .34.  Other  empe- 
rors <:ave  their  names  to  particular 
months,  as  1.  3,  note  I,  but  these 
were  forgotten  after  their  death. 
Suet.  Domit.  13.  Plin.  Pan.  54. 

40.  Princeps.  Because  Venus 
was  the  mother  of  j5^neas,  the  head 
of  the  Roman  descent.  Pater. 
]Mars  was  the  reputed  father  of 
Romulus. 

43.  Numa.  The  second  kins  of 
Rome.  He  added  two  months  to 
the  year  of  Romulus,  called  Van»- 
arius,  from  .7«n«.9,and  Februarius, 
ei  ther  because  the  people  were  then 


either  from  the  Greek  name  of  purified,  (februabantur,  i.  e.  pur- 
Venus,  {\\:pi>otirri.)  as  above,  1.  yabantur  vel  lustr(d>antur)  by  an 
39.  Horat.  Ot/.  i v.  1 1  ;  or  because  expiatorysacrifice(i^p?»/'wa//rt)fr<jm 
then  trees  and  flowers  open  {se  the  sins  of  the  whole  year,  for 
<7;)e;(H»<)  their  buds.  Plutarch,  in  this  formerly  was  the  last  month 
Numa.  Fast.  iv.  87  ;  tin-  third,  in  the  year,  Cic.  de  Leyg.  ii.  49. 
Mains,  j\lav,  from  Maia  the  mo-  Tibull.  iii.  1,  2,  or  from  the  sacri- 
ther  of  Mercury  ;  and  the  fourth,  fices  (februis)  which  were  offered 
Junius,   June,   from  the  goddess  in  this  mouth  to  the shadesof  their 


DIES. 


DIES. 


Ne  tamen  ignores  variorum  jura  dierum, 

Non  habet  officii  lucifer  omnis  idem. 
Ille  Nefastus  erit,  per  quem  Tria  Verba  silentur  ; 

Fastus  erit,  per  quem  lege  licebit  agi. 
Neu  toto  persta.re  die  sua  jura  putaris  ; 

Qui  jam  Fastus  erit,  mane  Nefastus  erat. 
Nam  simul  exta  Deo  data  sunt,  licet  omnia  fari ; 

Verbaque  Honoratus  libera  Praetor  habet. 


45 


50 


forefathers,  which  explains  7iec 
avitas,  ^c.  Numa,  following  tlie 
Greeks,  divided  the  year  into 
twelve  months,  according  to  the 
course  of  the  moon,  consisting  of 
Soi  days  ;  he  added  one  day  more 
Plin.  xxxiv.  7,  to  make  the  num- 
ber odd,  which  was  considered 
more  fortunate.  But  as  10  days, 
5  hours,  49  minutes  (or  rather  48 
minutes  57  seconds)  were  wanting 
to  make  the  lunar  year  correspond 
to  the  course  of  the  sun,  he  ap- 
pointed that  every  other  year  an 
extraordinary  month,  railed  Men- 
sis  Intercalaris,  or  Macedonius, 
should  be  inserted  between  the 
23d  and  24th  day  of  February, 
Liv.  i.  19.  The  intercalating  of 
this  month  was  left  to  the  judg- 
ment of  the  Poutitices,  who  by  in- 
serting fewer  or  more  days,  caused 
the  current  year  to  be  shorter  or 
longer  as  was  best  suited  to  them- 
selves or  those  forwhom  they  were 
interested  ;  as,  for  example,  a  ma- 
gistrate might  earlier  or  later  re- 
sign his  office,  or  con  tractors  forthe 
revenue  might  have  a  longer  or  a 
shorter  time  to  collect  the  taxes. 
Cic.  de  Legg.  ii.  12 ;  Fain.  vii.  3, 
1 2,  viii.  6  ;  Suet.  Ccts.  40  ;  Dio. 
xl.  62.  In  consequence  ot  this  li- 
cense the  months  were  transposed 
from  their  stated  seasons;  the  win- 
ter months  carried  back  into  au- 
tumn, and  the  autumnal  into  sum- 
mer, Cic.  Ait.  X.  17.     This  disor- 


der, as  well  as  its  sources,  was  re- 
moved by  Csesar.  Seeabove,NoteI. 

45.  Variorum,  Because  diver- 
sified iu  their  names,  times,  and 
duties. 

46.  Lucifer.     For  dies. 

47.  Tria  Verba.  The  power 
of  the  praetor  in  the  administration 
of  justice  was  expressed  in  these 
three  words,  Do,  Dice,  Addico. 
Prcctor  DABAT  actionem  et  judi- 
ces ;  the  praetor  gave  the  form  of  a 
writ  for  tryins  and  redressing  a 
particular  wrong  complained  of, 
and  appointed  judges  or  a  jury  to 
decide  the  cause  ;  dicebat  jus, 
pronounced  sentence  ;  aduickbat 
bona  vel  damna,  adjudged  the 
goods  of  the  debtor  to  the  creditor 
&c.  The  days  on  which  the  prae- 
tor administered  justice  were  called 
DIES  FASTI,  (a  fando,  quod  Us 
dicbus  hac  tria  verba  fari  licebat. ) 
Tliose  days  on  which  it  was  un- 
lawful to  administer  justice,  were 
called  NEFASTi. 

49.  Toto.  Some  days  were  of  a 
mixed  character,  cnWeii  intercisi ; 
when  a  sacrifice  was  appointed  for 
a  particular  day,  during  the  time 
of  its  celebration  the  day  was  con- 
sidered nefastus,  but  after  it  was 
concluded  the  remaining  portion 
was  reckoned  dies  fastus,  and  the 
usual  business  attended  to  accord- 
ingly- 

52.  Honoratus.  Honourable 
This  title  was  conferred  upon  tha 
B  2 


FASTORUM  LIB.  I. 


Est  quoqne,  quo  pop\ilum  jus  est  includere  Septis: 

Est  quoqne,  ((ui  nono  semper  ab  orbe  redit. 
Vindicat  Ausonias  Junonis  cura  Kalendas. 


PR.tToR  URBANi'S,  as  he  held  a 
higher  rank  than  the  pu^iiTOR 
PKREGRiN'US  ;  his  laws  and  edicts 
were  called  jus  honorarium. 

53.  Quo  populum,  ^yc.  This  is 
the  Dies  Coraitialis  upon  which  the 
Coniitia  were  held  for  the  election 
of  magistrates,  &c.  Septis.  The 
septum  or  ocile  was  an  enclosure 
surrounded  with  boards  (^locus  ta- 
bulatis  inclusus)  near  the  tribunal 
of  the  consul,  into  which  the  cen- 
turies went  according  to  their 
order,  when  summoned  by  the  he- 
rald. Hence  they  were  said  to  be 
iyifro  vocata,  sc.  in  ovile,  Liv.  x. 
13.  There  was  a  narrow  passage 
to  it  raised  from  the  ground,  called 
jPows  or  Ponticulus,  by  which  each 
century  ascended  successively, — 
Suet.  Jul.  80.  Old  men  of  sixty, 
sexa<jenarii,  were  said  in  conse- 
quence de  pnnte  dejici ;  and  were 
called  Depontani,  because  after 
that  age  they  were  exempted  Irom 
public  business.  There  were  pro- 
bably as  many  Pontes  and  Septa, 
or  ovilia,  as  there  were  tribes  and 
centuries,  whence  they  are  general- 
ly spoken  of  in  the  plural  as  above, 
also  Cic.  de  Lpijrj.  iii.  17,  Attic,  i. 
\A,ad  Herenn.\.  12,  pro  Mil.  15, 
Lucan.  Pharsal.  ii.  197. 

54.  Qui  7)0)10,  S\'c.  Every  ninth 
day  was  called  Dies  A  uiidinalis, 
upon  which  the  Niuidina,  (quasi 
Novendince  from  novemdies,)  were 
held.  The  ancient  Romans  did 
not  divide  their  time  into  weeks, 
as  we  do  in  imitation  of  the  Jews. 
Thecountr)  people  came  to  Rome 
every  ninth  day,  to  hold  a  market 
for  buying  and  selling  the  usual 
commodities.  The  seven  interve- 
ning days,  a  space  of  time  which 
there  is  not  any  particuhir  term  to 
denote,  they  employed  in  rural  oc- 
cupations. jDioni/s,  li.  18,  vii.  oS; 


Varro  de  Re  Rust,  prcef.  11.    By 

the  Hortensian  law,  the  nundina, 
which  used  to  be  considered  as^c- 
ri(E  or  holidavs,  h^vame  fa  site,  or 
court  days,  that  the  country  people 
who  then  came  to  town  for  market 
might  have  their  lawsuits  deter- 
mined. (Lites  componerent.)  Ma- 
crob.  When  the  nundince  fell  on  the 
first  day  of  the  year  it  was  consi- 
dered unlucky,  JDio.  xl.  47.  Ma- 
croh.  Sat.  i.  13;  for  this  reason, 
Augustus,  who  was  greatly  inclined 
to  superstition,  inserted  a  day  in 
the  precedintr  year  to  prevent  it, 
which  day  was  subtracted  from  the 
following  years,  that  the  time 
miiiht  agree  with  the  arrangement 
of  Julius  Cajsar.    Orbe,  Day. 

55.  Vindicat.  Claims,  asserts  a 
right  to  ;  the  Kalends  were  sacred 
to  Juno,  the  Ides  to  .Tupiter.  The 
Romans  divided  their  months  into 
three  parts,  by  Ktdends,  Nones. 
and  Ides.  The  first  day  was  called 
KAT.END^i:  or  calendoB,  (a  calendo 
vel  vocando)  from  the  priest  pro- 
claiming  to  the  people  the  new 
moon  ;  the  fifth  day,  non^e  the 
nones ;  the  13th,  IDUS,  the  ides, 
from  the  obsolete  verb  idvare,  to 
divide  ;  because  the  ides  divided 
the  month.  The  nones  were  so 
called,  because  counting  inclusive- 
ly they  were  nine  (jnovem)  days 
irom  the  ides. 

In  March,  May,  July,  and  Oc- 
tober, the  nones  fell  on  the  7tb, 
and  the  ides  on  the  15th.  The 
first  day  of  the  intarcalary  month 
was  called  calends  intercala- 
RES,  Cic.  Quint.  25  Sexta  Ka- 
lendcE,  i.  e.  Kahndee  sczti  wensis, 
the  first  day  of  June.  Fast.  vi. 
181.      See  the  Kalendarium. 

—  Ausonias.  Latin  or  Roman. 
The  Greeks  had  no  kalemls  in  their 
mode  of  reckoijing,  but  called  the 


KAL.  JANUAR. 


rdibus  alba  Jovi  grandior  agna  cadit. 
Nonarum  tutela  Deo  caret.     Omnibus  istis 

(Ne  fallare  cave)  proximus  ater  erit. 
Omen  ab  eventu  est ;  illis  nam  Roma  diebus 

Damna  sub  ad  verso  tristia  Marte  tuJit. 
Haec  mihi  dicta  semel,  totis  ha^rentia  Fastis, 

Ne  seriem  reruni  scindere  cogar,  erunt. 


GU 


KAL.  JAN.  FESTUM  JANI. 

EccE  tibi  faustum,  Germanice,  nunciat  annum, 

Inque  meo  primus  carmine  Janus  adest. 
June  biceps,  anni  tacite  labentis  origo,  65 

Solus  de  Superis  qui  tua  terga  vides ; 
Dexter  ades  Ducibus  ;  quorum  secura  labore 

Otia  terra  t'erax,  otia  pontus  agit. 
Dexter  ades  Patribusque  tuis,  Populoque  Quirini : 

Et  resera  nutu  Candida  templa  tuo.  70 


first  day  of  the  month  vou^^wa,  or 
new  tnoon ;  hence  ad  Gracas 
knlendas  solvere,  tor  nunquam. 
Suet.  Auij.  87. 

56.  Cadit.  Cadet,  Ursinus. 

57.  Nonarum.  An  Hypallage, 
for  Nona  tutela  Dei  carent. 

—  Istis.  The  kalenJs,  nones, 
and  ides. 

o8.   Ater.  Inauspicious,  cap.  1. 

59.  Omen,  &-c.  The  ausrury  is 
the  result  ot  experience.  The  Ro- 
mans liad  tlii'ir /)rffi/((ncs,tii.'hting 
days,  and  non  pra:Uares ;  as,  tlie 
days  after  the  kalends,  nones,  and 
ides  :  they  helieved  that  there  was 
something  unlucky  in  the  word 
post, iii'tnY,  and  for  tliis  reason  they 
were  called  dies  religiosi,  alri  vel 
infausti,  as  were  also  the  days,  al- 
Juiled  to  in  the  text,  upon  which 
any  remarkable  calamity  had  oc- 
curred ;  for  instance,  Dies  Allien- 
sis,  (^T.  Liv.  vi.  1. 

(i\.  Hcerentia.  Connected  with 
the  calendar  throughout,  common 
to  all  tlie  months, 

62.  Scindere.  To  interrupt. 
Condere  Uvs'in.  Findere.    A]. 

63.  Ecce,  Sfc.  They  were  accus- 


tomed to  look  for  favorable  augu- 
ries and  auspices  on  the  kalends 
of  January. 

64.  Adest.  Erit.  A\.  65.  Biceps. 
Bifrons.    A\. 

66.  Tua  terya  vides.  Xlocic-ffu 
«.ai  o'Trifffff),  because  ot  his  beint( 
biceps. 

67.  Ducibus.  The  C.-esars ; 
Auijustus,  Tiberius,  and  Germa- 
nicus.  Secura,  Post  bellum  Actia- 
cuin  ah  liiiperatore  Anyustu  pax 
terra  mariqiie  parla.   Liv. 

69.  Tuis,    Tin  Burm. 

70.  i?e.«era.Tlietempleof  Janus, 
built  bv  Numa,  (index  belli  et  pu- 
ds,) had  two  brazen  gates,  one  on 
each  side,  to  be  open  in  war,  and 
shut  in  time  of  pe<^ce.  Liv.  i,  19. 
Vcl.  ii.  38.  Sen:  in  Vircj.  i.  294. 

vii.  607.  But  the  poet  must  not  be 
understood  by  using  the  word  re- 
sera,  throw  open,  &c.  here,  as  if 
anxious  for  a  renesval  of  the  hosti- 
lities upon  whose  cessation,  he  con- 
gratulates his  country;  he  de- 
mands that  the  gates  should  be 
opened  of  all  the  temples,  that  of 
Janus  included,  to  admit  the  aucri- 
fices. 


FASTORUM  LIB.  I. 


Prospera  lux  oritur  :  linguisque  animisque  favcte 

Nunc  dicenda  bono  sunt  bona  verba  die. 
Lite  vacent  aures,  insanacjiie  protinus  absint 

Jurgia;  differ  opus,  livida  lingua,  tuum. 
Cernis,  odoratis  ut  luceat  ignibus  aether, 

Et  sonet  accensis  spica  Cilissa  focis? 
Flamma  nitore  suo  teniplorum  verberat  aurum, 

Et  tremulum  summa  spargit  in  aede  jubar. 


75 


The  temple  of  Janus  was  shut 
only  once  during  the  republic,  at 
the  end  of  the  first  Punic  war, 
A.  U.  529;  three  times  by  Augus- 
tus (^tlanum  Quirinum,  i,  e.  Tem- 
plum  Jani  belli  potentis,  tfr  clau- 
sit.  Suet.  Aug.  22.  Jujiiim  Quiri- 
ni,  Hor.  Od.  iv.  15,  9,)  first  after 
the  battle  of  Actium,  and  the 
death  of  Antony  and  Cleopatra, 
A.  U.  725.  Dio.  li.  20  ;  a  second 
time  after  the  Cantabrian  war,  A. 
729,  Bio.  liii.  20.  About  the 
third  time  authors  are  not  agreed. 
Some  suppose  this  temple  to  have 
been  built  by  Romulus,  and  only 
enlarged  by  Numa ;  hence  they 
understand  Janus  Quiiini,  as  the 
temple  of  Janus  built  by  Romulus. 
Macrob.  Sat.  i,  9. 

71.  Prospera.  Happy,  favor- 
able, from  Gr.  ■^^oripo^os,  utilis. 

—  Linguis,  Sfc.  "Ev(pnfii7ri. 
This  was  a  customary  injunction 
at  sacrifices ;  a  word  of  ill  omen 
spoken  during  their  celebration 
on  the  kalends  of  January  was 
supposed  to  influence  the  wbole 
succeeding  year. 

72.  Nunc,  I'c.  Now,  on  this 
happy  day,  auspicious  language 
must  be  used. 

74.  Differ,  ^-c.  Put  off  thy 
task,  thou  slanderous  tongue. 

75.  Odoratis.  Sweet-scented, 
odoriferous ;  from  the  burning  of 
the  incense  and  aromatics  upon 
the  altars. 

76.  Sonet.  Crackles.  Spica. 
[from    arxx,"'    Police   (r-ra^vi.'^ 


Spikenard,  a  fragrant  plant  which 
grows  in  Cilicia  a  province  of  Asia 
Minor.  According  to  Facciolati, 
spica  means  the  crocus,  '  cujus  ca- 
cumen  incapiUamentaet  fibra  aris- 
tarum  similia  desinit.'  The  latter 
interpretation  is  probably  the  more 
correct,  as  Cilicia  is  celebrated  for 
the  crocus.  Prima  nobilitas  est 
croco  Cilicio,  et  ibi  in  Coryco 
monte,deinde  Lycio  monte  Olym- 
po ;  mox  Centuripino  Siliciae. 
Plin.  1.  21.  c.  6,  20.  Stat.  1.  5, 
Silv.  3,  V.  41,  and  Fast.  v.  317. 
Violas  arere  videres,  Filaque  pu- 
nicei  lanijuida  facta  croci.  Spica 
means  also  the  chives  of  a  flower. 

77.  Verberat.  Irradiates,  au- 
rum, tiie  gilded  ceilings  or  the 
golden  ornaments  of  the  temples. 

Verberat.  Fames,  and  Vatican, 
and  in  the  following  line,  sparyit. 

78.  Et  tremulum,  ^'c.  Ceilings 
were  frequentlv  decorated  with 
ivory,  and  fretted  or  lormed  into 
raised  work  and  hollows,  {laqueala 
tecta,  Cic.  leirg.  ii.  I.  Laqueana 
vel  Lacunaria,  from  lacus  or  lacu- 
na, the  hollow  interstice  between 
the  beams,  Scrv.  in  Viry.  ^■En.  I. 
726),  gilt(aHrea,  ibid,  and  Horat. 
Od.  ii.  18,  inanrata,  Plin.  xxxiii. 
3),  which  accounts  for  their  re- 
flection of  the  altar  fires  ;  and 
painted,  Plin.  xxxv.  II.  s.  40. 

—  Jubar.  F'rom  juba  ;  Quud 
splendor  diffundilur  in  modum 
jubcE  leonis ;  because  light  is 
scattered  like  a  lion's  inane. 
Perot. 


KAL.  JANUAR. 


Vestibus  intactis  Tarpeias  itur  in  arces  ; 

Et  populus  festo  concolor  ipse  suo  est. 
Jamque  novi  pra^eunt  fasces  ;  nova  purpura  fulget ; 

Et  nova  conspicuum  pondera  sentit  ebur. 
Colla  rudes  operuni  praebent  ferienda  juvenci, 


80 


79  Intactis.  i.  e.  integris.  New. 
Tarpeias  arces.  Tlie  Alons  Ca- 
pitolinus,  upon  which  the  Crtpitol, 
or  temple  of  Jupiter,  was  liuilt, 
was  originally  called  Saturnius, 
from  its  havinij  been  the  abode 
of  Saturn.  Justin,  xliii.  I.  It 
derived  the  name  Tarpeius,  from 
Tarpeia  a  Vestal  virgin  who  was 
killed  tliere  by  the  Sabines,to  whom 
she  had  betrayed  the  citadel,  V. 
infra.  26\,arid  Liv.  i.  II.  38,  and 
to  whom  subsequently  that  mount 
was  assigned  to  dwell  in. 

—  Itur.  The  consuls  were  con- 
ducted by  the  senate  and  people,  to 
be  installed,  to  tiie  Capitol,  on  the 
kalends  of  January.  In  the  be- 
ginning of  the  republic,  the  con- 
suls had  no  stated  lime  for  enter- 
ing upon  their  ofBce.  The  day  first 
appointed  was  the  23d  or  24th  of 
February,  (vn.  or  vi.  Kal.  Mart.) 
the  day  Tarquin  was  said  to  have 
been  expelled.  Fast.  ii.  571 ,  which 
was  held  as  a  festival,  and  called 
Iiegifii(/ium ;  afterwards  on  the 
1st  of  August,  (Kal  Sext.)wh\c\i 
was  at  that  time  the  beginning  of 
the  year,  (i.  e.  of  the  consular, not 
of  the  civil  year,  which  always  Ije- 
gan  with  January)  Liv.  iii.  6.  In 
the  time  of  the  Lfecemviri,  on  the 
loth  of  May  (Id.  Maii),  ib.  36. 
About  50  years  after,  on  the  15th 
of  December,  (  Id.  Deceinh.)  Liv. 
iv.  37,  v.  \l.  Then  on  the  1st  of 
July,  (Kal.  Quinctil.)  Liv.  v.  32. 
viii.  20,  which  continued  until 
near  the  beginning  of  the  second 
Punic  war,  A.  U.  530,  when  the 
]5th  of  ilarrh  was  the  day  ap- 
pointed. Finally,  A.  U.  598  or 
600,  ( Q.  Fulvio  §•  T.  Annio 
Coss. )  it  was  transferred  to  the  first 


of  January  (in  Kal.  Jan.)  which 
was  observed  ever  after.  (Dies 
SoLENXis  magistratibus  ineun- 
dis,)  Liv.  Epist.  47.  Fast.  iii. 
145. 

80.  Et  populus,  Sfc.  Clad  in  new 
robes  in  honour  of  the  new  year, 

— •  The  joyous  crowds 
Wear  the  complexion  of  their  holiday.'— 

81.  Fasces.  A  bundle  of  rods 
tied  together  with  an  axe  in  the 
centre ;  forming  an  important 
part  of  the  customary  insignia  of 
consular,  and  also  dictatorial  and 
praetorian  authority.  Purpura. 
The  consular  robe. 

82.  Conspicuum.  Perspiouum. 
Excerpt.  Douz. 

—  Ebur.  The  Sella  Curulis,  or 
curule  chair,  so  called  because  it 
was  carried  in  the  chariots  of  the 
Magistratus  Curules,  such  as  the 
consuls,  prwtors,  censors,  and  chief 
sediles,  to  the  senate-house,  and  the 
rostra,  or  tribunal  of  J  ustice,  where 
they  used  this  seat  in  token  of  pre- 
eminence. It  was  a  stool  or  seat 
without  a  back  (anadinterium,  vel 
tabulatum  a  tergo  surgens  in 
quod  reclinari  possitj,  with  four 
crooked  teet,  fixed  to  the  extremi- 
ties of  cross  pieces  of  wood  joined 
by  a  common  axis,  somewhat  in  the 
form  of  the  letter  X  (^decussdtim), 
and  covered  with  leather  ;  so  that 
it  niitrht  occasionally  be  folded  up 
for  the  convenience  of  carriage, 
and  Set  down  wherever  the  magis- 
trates chose  to  use  it,  Plutarch,  in 
Mar.  Suet.  Aug.  43.  Gell.  vi.  9. 
It  was  decorated  witii  ivory,  hence 
called  curule  ebur.  Horat.  Ep.  i. 
6,  53.  It  was  borrowed  from  the 
Tuscans.   Liv.  i.  8 ;  Hor.  i.  5. 


10 


FASTORUM  LIB.  I. 


Quos  aluit  campis  herba  Falisca  suis. 
Jupiter,  arce  sua  totum  cum  spectet  in  orbem,  85 

Nil  nisi  Romanum,  quod  tueatur,  habet. 
Salve,  laeta  dies,  meliorque  revertere  semper, 

A  populo  rerum  digna  potente  coll. 
Quern  tamen  esse  Deum  te  dicam,  Jane  biformis? 

Nam  tibi  par  nullum  Grrecia  lumien  habet.  90 

Ede  simul  causam,  cur  de  ca?lestibus  imus, 

Sitque  quod  a  tergo,  sitque  quod  ante,  vides. 
Haec  ego  cum  sumtis  agitarem  mente  tabellis, 

Lucidior  visa  est,  quam  fuit  ante,  domus. 
Turn  sacer  ancipiti  mirandus  imagine  Janus  95 

Bina  repens  oculis  obtulit  ora  meis. 
Obstupui,  sensique  metu  riguisse  capillos  ; 

Et  gelidum  subito  frigore  pectus  erat. 
Ille,  tenens  dextra  baculum,  clavemque  sinistra, 

Edidit  bos  nobis  ore  priore  sonos  :  100 

'  Disce,  metu  posito,  vates  operose  dierum, 

'  Quod  petis ;  et  voces  percipe  mente  meas. 
'  Me  Chaos  antiqui  (nam  res  sum  prisca)  vocabant : 


84.  Falisca.  The  Falisci  were  a 
people  of  Etruiia,  remarkable  for 
the  extraordinary  fertility  of  their 
soil.  Their  country  was  celebrated 
also  for  a  stream  which  rendered 
the  oxen  that  drank  of  it  perfectly 
white. 

86.  Nil  nisi,  &:c.  Has  nothing 
to  exercise  his  providential  rare 
upon  but  what  is  actually  Ro- 
man, or  under  the  authority  of 
Rome. 

92.  Sitque  quod,  Sec.  Idque 
quod,  drc  Al.  See  Persius.  Sat.  1. 
58.  Macrobius  asserts  the  dou- 
ble face  of  Janus  to  be  symboli- 
cal of  the  wisdom  and  prudence 
which  direct  the  future  by  the 
experience  of  the  past.  Saturn, 
lib.  i.  cap.  7. 

95.  Ancipiti.  Double-faced. 
[Ex  am  et  capio  quod  px  utraque 
parte  aequo  capiatur.     Fest."] 

99:  Baculum.  To  repel  vio- 
lence. Clavem.  To  open  and  close 
the  doors  over  which  he,  Janus, 


presided.  Frequently  an  open  arch 
or  any  opening  was  called  Janus 
by  the  Romans.  Janos  arcusque 
cum  quadrigis  et  insignibus  trium- 
phonim.  Sueton.  in  Domit.  Ex 
quo  transitiones  pervia  jatti  no- 
minantur.  Cicero  de  Nat.  Deer, 
lib.  2. 

100.  Ore  priore.  From  his 
front  lips,  opposite  the  poet. 

101.  Operose.  In  consequence 
of  the  task  which  the  poet  had 
selected  ;  celebratintr  in  verse  the 
days  of  the  calendar. 

10.3.  Chaos.  From  ^au.hio,  to 
gape,  or  x^"'  X'^^do,  to  pour,  qu. 
X^as.  A  confused  and  disordered 
mass  or  heap  of  matter  which  the 
poet  and  philosophers  believed  to 
have  existed  from  eternity, 
Unus  erat  totu  Natures  cultus  in 

orbe 
Quern  dixere  chaos ;  rudis   indi- 
gestaque  moles. 

Ovid.  Metain.  l,i.6.  7f 
and  to  have  been  reduced   by    a 


KAL.  JANUAR. 


11 


'  Aspice,  q\iam  longi  temporis  acta  canam. 
'  Lucidus  hie  aer,  et,  quae  tria  corpora  restant,  105 

'  Ignis,  aquae,  tellus,  unus  acervus  erant. 
'  Ut  semel  haec  rerum  secessit  lite  suarum, 

'  Inque  novas  abiit  massa  soluta  domos  ; 
'  Flamma  petit  altum  ;  propior  locus  aera  cepit  ; 

'  Sederunt  medio  terra  fretumque  solo.  110 

'  Tunc  ego,  qui  fueram  globus,  et  sine  imagine  moles, 

'  In  faciem  redii  dignaque  membra  Deo. 
'  Nunc  quoque,  confusae  quondam  nota  parva  figurae, 

'  Ante  quod  est  in  me,  postque,  videtur  idem. 
'  Accipe,  qusesitae  quae  causa  sit  altera  formae  :  115 

'  Hanc  simul  ut  noris,  officiumque  meum. 
'  Quidquid  ubique  vides,  caelum,  mare,  nubila,  terras, 


supreme  power  to  tlie  order  and 
harmony  of  the  visible  world. 
Hanc  Deus  et  inelinr  litem  Natu- 

ra  direinit  Ibid.  21. 
They  were  not  able  to  comprehend 
how  something  could  be  produced 
out  of  nothing-,  and  being  power- 
fully struck  with  the  beauty  and 
admirable  structure  of  the  universe, 
they  attributed  it  to  a  being  supe- 
rior to  nature,  or  to  nature  itself, 
which  exercised  this  salutary  in- 
fluence over  preexistent  but  con- 
fused and  undistinguished  matter. 
According  to  their  view,  God  was 
not  a  creator,  but  an  architect, 
who  modified  the  already  existing 
material,  and  arranged  the  dispo- 
sition of  the  elements  according  to 
their  respective  qualities.    This  is 


strong  probability  that  the  Greeks 
borrowed  their  chaos  from  him, 
and  afterwards  intermixed  it  with 
fables  of  their  own.  Through  all 
the  fanciful  absurdities  ot  the 
Greek  and  Latin  Poets,  it  is  easy 
to  discover  traces  of  the  Mosaic 
account  of  the  creation;  from 
whose  severe  and  sublime  simpli- 
city, wide  as  have  been  their  extra- 
vagant deviations,  still  in  this,  as 
in  numerous  other  instances  in  the 
heathen  mythology,  the  piercing 
light  of  divine  truth  is  easily  ob- 
served to  break  in  upon  the  '  gross 
darkness'  of  profane  fiction. 

—  A'am  res  sum,  ^c.  Qui 
vel  qua  sum,  Excerpt.  Voss.  N^am 
sum  res  Thuan.  Sum  res  nam. 
Stroz.  Prisca.  because  he  existed 


the  chaos  of  the  profane  writers  of  before  the  formation  of  the  world, 
antiquity,  who  took  Hesiodas  their  105.  Corpora,  Nomina.  Ex- 
model.    See  Theog.  init.     Hesiod,  cerpt.  Voss. 

again,  is  supposed  with  good  rea-  107.    Lite.       "Silxios    i|    okoiio. 

son  to  have  copied  Sanchoniathon,  Orpheus,  Apollon.  Rliod.  Argon. 

who  wrote  his  annals  previous  to     I Quia  corpore  in  uno,  Frigida 

the  Trojan  war,  and  who  boasts  of  pugnabant  calidis,  humentia  siccis, 

having  received  his  account  of  the  ^x.  Aletam.  i.  17,  18,  &c. 


creation  from  a  priest  of  Jehovah, 
called  Jeromiial.  This  author 
wrote  in  the  Plioenician  language, 
and  we  have  only  a  translation  of 
his  work  by  Philo,  which  is  looked 
on  by  the  learned  with  consider- 
able suspicion.  However,  there  is  a 


108.  Novas.  New,  unaccustom- 
ed. Ignea  con'-exi  vis  et  sine  pon- 
dere  cali,  Emicuit,summaqve  locum 
sibi  legit  in  arce.  Metam.  i.  26. 
27.  Massa.   From  Gr.  fi.a%a. 

117.  Nubila.  Sidera.  Excerpt 
Voss.    Used  here  for  aer. 


12 


FASTORUM  LIB.  I. 


<  Omnia  sunt  nostra  clausa  patentque  manu. 
*  Me  penes  est  unum  vast!  custodia  mimdi ; 

'  Et  jus  vertendi  cardinis  omne  meum  est.  120 

'  Cum  libuit  Pacem  placidis  emitt.ere  tectis, 

'  Libera  perpetuas  ambulat  ilia  vias. 
'  Sanguine  letliifero  totus  iniscebitur  orbis, 

'  Ni  teneant  rigida;  condita  bella  serai. 
'  Praesideo  foribus  caili  cum  mitibus  horis.  1  ^5 


1 1 9.  Custodia.  Concordia. 
Editio  Nea])olit.  Hamb.  Medic. 
Vatic,  and  others. 

J  20.  Et  jus  vertendi.     A  simi- 
lar power  is  attributed  to  him  by 
Quintus  Septinni^s. 
Stridula  cui  limina,  cui  cardinei 

tumuUus, 
Cui  reserata  mm/iiint  anrca  claus- 

tra  mundi. 
Cardinis  means  the  pole  or  axis 
round  whicb  the  earth  is  supposed 
to  revolve. 

121.  Pacem.  When  Romulus 
was  engfaijed  with  tiie  Sabines, 
near  the  CoUis  Viminalis,  a  great 
(juantity  of  hot  water,  or  according 
to  others,  of  fire,  is  said  to  have 
issued  from  the  tjround,  where  the 
temple  of  Janus  w.rs  afterwards 
erected,  and  put  them  to  the  rout. 
See  infr.  270.  Hence  the  custom 
is  supposed  to  have  orii^inated  of 
opening  tlie  temple  in  time  of  war, 
and  closing  it  during  peace.  This 
absurd  legend,  however,  is  rejected 
by  the  more  sensible  writers.  See 
Spence's  Polvmelis.  Dial.  12  ; 
Virg.  iEneid  7,  601-622. 

—  Tectis.   Temple. 

122.  Perpetuas  vias.  Treads 
her  uninterrupted  path,  free  from 
the  restraints  of  war.  Per  tutas 
vias,  is  found  in  many  of  the  old 
copies,  per  iotas  in  some.  Quin- 
tilian,  lib.  i.  cap.  9.  Inst.  Orat. 
reckons  Amhulare  viam,  as  a  sole- 
cism. However,  tliere  is  good  au- 
thoritv  for  the  reading  in  the  text. 
Cum  Xer.xes  Hellesponto  juncto 
Athoque  pcrfosso  mnria  amhnla- 
visset,  terram  navigasset.    Cic.  de 


Fin.  lib.  ii.  Vadere  is  used  with 
an  accusative  by  Apuleius.  Cur- 
rere  viam.  Prop.  1,  11,  12.  Cur- 
ret  iter  tutum.  Virg.  iEneid  v. 
562,Jestinare  vias.  Stat.  Theb.  ii. 
478.  Ambulo  is  derived  from  Gr. 
u(fro>.i!i,  which  Pindar,  who  wrote 
in  the  Doric  dialect,  as  well  as 
others,  used  for  avaToXw,  which  has 
the  sense  of  avecsroifu,  to  turn 
bach  ;  hence  the  distinction  be- 
tween jVe  and  r///i6«/flr«';  the  former 
meaniniT  to  set  out  and  continue  the 
route;  the  latter  logo  a  certain 
distance  and  return  a<:ain. 

123.  Miscehitur.  Shall  be  con- 
founded. 

124.  Ni  teneant,  A'c.  Unless 
the  solid  bolts  restrain  the  impri- 
soned wars. 

125.  Prasideo  foribus.  Macro- 
bius  (lib.  1,  Saturn.)  gives  as  tlie 
origin  of  this  opinion  among  the 
ancients,  their  having  conceived 
Janus  to  be  the  sun,  and  therefore 
double-faced,  as  tlie  Lord  of  the 
eastern  and  western  gate  of  hea- 
ven ;  the  former  of  which  he  rose 
to  open,  and  closed  the  latter  wlien 
he  set.  Hence  Horace  applies  to 
Janus  the  epithet  matutinus.  Lib. 
ii.  Sat.  6. 

—  Cum  mitibus  horis.  The 
HorcE,  Hours,  were  tliree  sisters, 
daughters  of  Jupiter  and  Themis, 
according  to  Hesiod,  called  Euno- 
mia.  Dice,  and  Irene.  Some  say 
there  were  nine  sisters,  others  ten. 
Ui/ffin.fab. 18S.  where  their  names 
are  mentioned.  They  were  the 
same  as  the  seasons  who  presided 
over  the  spring,  summei,  and  win- 


KAL.  JANUAR. 


13 


'  It,  redit,  officio  Jupiter  ipse  meo. 
'  Inde  vocor  Janus  ;  cui  ciim  Cereale  sacerdos 

'  Imponit  libum,  mixtaque  farra  sali  ; 
'  Nomina  ridebis  ;  niodo  namque  Patulcius  idem, 

'  Et  modo  sacrifico  Clusius  ore  vocor.  130 

'  Scilicet  alterno  voluit  rudis  ilia  vetustas 

'  Nomine  diversas  significare  vices. 
'  Vis  mea  narrata  est :  causam  nunc  disce  figurae  ; 

'  Jam  tamen  banc  aliqua  tu  quoque  parte  vides. 
'  Omnis  habet  geminas  bine  atque  bine  janua  frontes  ;  135 

'  E  quibus  haec  populum  spectat,  at  ilia  larem. 
'  Utque  sedens  vester  primi  prope  limina  tecti 

'  Janitor  egressus  introitusque  videt ; 
'  Sic  ego  prospicio  caelestis  janitor  aulae 


ter,  and  were  represented  by  the 
poets  as  opening  the  gates  of  hea- 
ven, &c.  Ovid  mentions  their 
standing,  at  equal  distances,  about 
the  throne  of  Sol.  Metam.ii.  26. 
Valerius  Flaccus  makes  them  at- 
tend that  Deity  at  his  setting  out, 
Val.  Flac.  iv.  94  ;  and  Statins  at 
liis  coming  in.  Theb.  iii.  414.  As 
they  all  agree  in  making  the  hours 
the  attendants  and  servants  of  Sol, 
it  is  natural  that  they  should  be 
stationed  with  Janus,  at  the  gates 
of  heaven,  to  be  in  readiness  to 
accompany  the  chariots  of  the  sun 
when  setting  out  on  his  daily 
course.  Gr.  "ii^cci,  from  o^ivuv,  to 
guard.  Pau-san.  Eliac.  i.  cap.  ii. 
Iliad.  V.  749. 

126.  It,  redit.  Allusion  seems 
to  be  made  by  these  words  to  the 
etymology  of  the  term  Janus, 
which  Cicero  derives,  quasi  Eanus 
from  eundo,  De  Nat.  Deor.  ii.  27. 

—  Jupiter.  The  light,  day. 

127.  Cui  cum.  Mihi  cum,  Ber- 
nens. 

—  Cereale.  Wheaten,  lit. 
Of  or  belonging  to  Ceres.  Ceres, 
the  goddess  of  corn  and  husbandry, 
was  the  sister  of  Jupiter,  daughter 
of  Saturn  and  Ops.  She  was  wor- 
shipped chiefly  at  Eleusis  in  Greece, 
and  in  Sicilv.     Her  sacred  rites 


were  celebrated,  at  the  former 
especially,  with  the  strictest 
secresy,  Horat.  Od.  iii.  2,  27, 
and  by  torch-light;  whence,  etper 
t(pdifere  mystica  sacra  Dcce,  Ovid 
Ep.  ii.  42.  The  wicked,  scelesti, 
were  excluded  from  them  by  the 
voice  of  the  herald ;  even  Nero, 
when  in  Greece,  did  not  dare  to 
profane  them.  Suet.  Ner.  34. 
The  Libum  mentioned  in  the  text 
was  called  Janual,  being  of  a  spe- 
cies which  was  exclusively  offered 
to  Janus. 

129.  Patulcius.  From  patere, 
to  lie  open. 

130.  Clusius.  From  claudere, 
to  shut.  Ore  sacrifico.  By  the 
lips  of  the  priest. 

132.  Vices.  Duties,  of  opening 
and  closing  the  temple  doors. 

133.  Vis.   Influence  and  office. 

1 34.  Jam  tamen,  S(c.  Already, 
however,  in  some  degree,  you  ob- 
serve this  also. 

\'i~.  Primi — tecti.  Of  the  front 
of  the  building,  where  the  door- 
way was.  Burman,  inexplan.  pri- 
oris,  doubting  whether  the  word 
primi  could  be  applied  to  the  lower 
part  of  the  house  where  the  door 
was  placed,  and  to  keep  up  the 
contrast  between  the  guard  of  a 
private  house,  and  Janus. 
C 


14  FASTORUM,  LIB.  I. 

'  Eoas  partes,  Hesperiasque  simul.  140 

'  Ora  vides  Hecates  in  tres  vergentia  partes, 

'  Servet  ut  in  ternas  compita  secta  vias : 
'  Et  mihi,  ne  flexu  cervicis  tenipora  perdam, 

'  Cernere  non  moto  corpora  bina  licet.' 
Dixerat ;  et  vultu,  si  plura  requirere  vellem,  145 

Se  mihi  difficilem  non  fore,  fassus  erat. 
Sumpsi  animum,  gratesque  Deo  non  territus  egi ; 

Verbaque  sum  spectans  pauca  locutns  humum : 
'  Die,  age,  frigoribus  quare  novus  incipit  annus, 

'  Qui  melius  per  ver  incipiendus  erat  ?  150 

'  Omnia  tunc  florent ;  tunc  est  nova  temporis  aetas  ; 

'  Et  nova  de  gravido  palmite  gemma  tumet. 
'  Et  modo  formatis  amicitur  vitibus  arbos ; 

'  Prodit  et  in  summum  seminis  herba  solum : 
'  Et  tepidum  volucres  concentibus  aera  mulcent ;  ]  155 

'  Ludit  et  in  pratis,  luxuriatque  pecus. 
*  Tum  blandi  soles ;  ignotaque  prodit  hirundo, 

'  Et  luteum  celsa  sub  trabe  fingit  opus ; 
'  Tum  patitur  cultus  ager,  et  renovatur  aratro  : 

'  Haec  anni  novitas  jure  vocanda  fuit.'  160 

Quaesieram  multis  :  non  multis  ille  moratus, 

Contulit  in  versus  sic  sua  verba  duos. 

141.  Ora  vides,  ^c.   Diana  was  US.  Difficilem.  Obdurate,  mo- 
described  by  the  poets  as  triple  ;  rose. 

three  headed,  and  three  bodied.  149.  Die,  age,  Sfc.  Come  tell 
Ovid.  Her.  Ep.  12, 79.  ( Med.  Jas.)  me  why  the  dawning  year  begins 
Metam.  vii.  94,  Horat.  Od.  iii.  22,  with  wintry  colds,  which  better 
4.  Virg.  ^neidW.  5\\.  She  was  had  begun  with  spring.  All 
the  daughter  of  Jupiter  and  Lato-  things  are  blooming  then  ;  then 
na.  Besides  the  name  Hecate,  time  is  young,  and  the  young  bud 
(Gr.  Ua;,  longe,  vel  sxarav,  quia  is  swelling  on  the  teeming  bough, 
victimis  centum  placaretur,  vel  ab  The  tree  is  just  enfolded  by 
"^Karos,  Apollo,  sicut  Plicebe  a  the  fashioned  vine ;  the  corn- 
Phoebus.  Facciol.)  she  had  an  blade  clears  the  surface  of  the 
accidental  one,  Trivia,  from  her  soil ;  the  birds,  with  their  sweet 
statues  being  generally  placed  chirpings,  soothe  the  genial  air, 
where  three  ways  met,  in  ternas,  while  the  herds  sport  and  revel 
^T.  Her  other  names  and  occu-  in  the  fields.  The  suns  are  tem- 
pations  are  comprehensively  de-  perate  then  ;  the  stranger  swallow 
scribed  in  the  following  distich  ;  comes  and  builds  beneath  the 
Terret,  lustrat,  agit,  Proserpina,  lofty  roof  his   nest  of  clay  ;  and 

Lujia,  Diana,  then  the  land  submits  to  tillage, 

Ima,  suprema,  /eras,  sceptro,  /ul-  and  is  renewed  by  the  plough  : 

gore,  sagitta.  This  should  be  justly  called  the 

144.    Corpore.   Car  din  e,  Vati-  opening  of  the  year, 
can.  Plura  licet,  Petav.  et  Sarrav. 


KAL.  JANUAR. 


15 


'  Bruma  novi  prima  est,  veterisque  novissima  Solis ; 

'  Principium  capiunt  Phcebus  et  annus  idem.' 
Postea  mirabar,  cur  non  sine  litibus  asset  165 

Prima  dies.     '  Causam  percipe  ;'  Janus  ait. 
'  Tempora  commisi  nascentia  rebus  agendis  ; 

'  Totus  ab  auspicio  ne  foret  annus  iners. 
'  Quisque  suas  artes  obiter  delibat  agendo: 

'  Nee  plus  quam  solitum  testificatur  opus.'  170 

Mox  ego  :  '  Cur,  quamvis  aliorum  numina  placem, 

'  Jane,  tibi  primo  thura  merumque  fero  ?' 
'  Ut  per  me  possis  aditum,  qui  limina  servo, 

'  Ad  quoscunque  velim  prorsus,  habere  Deos.' 

*  At  cur  laeta  tuis  dicuntur  verba  Kalendis  ;  175 

'  Et  damns  alternas  accipimusque  preces  ?' 
Tum  Deus  incumbens  baculo,  quern  dextra  gerebat ; 
*  Omnia  principiis,'  inquit,  'inesse  solent. 

*  Ad  primam  vocem  timidas  advertitis  aures ; 

'  Et  visam  primum  consulit  augur  avem.  1 80 


163.  Bruma,  The  winter  sol- 
slice,  towards  the  end  of  Decem- 
ber, when  the  days  began  to  in- 
crease in  length. 

165.  Cur  non,  §c.  Ovid  asks 
why  business  was  allowed  to  pro- 
ceed on  the  first  day  of  the  year, 
which  should  rather  be  considered 
as  a  dies  nefastus.  Lite  Vacent 
aures,  Sfc.  see  supr.  1.  73. 

167.  Tempora — nascentia.  The 
beginning  of  the  year. 

168.  Ab  auspicio.  Lest  in 
conseqiience  of  consulting  the  aus- 
pices on  the  first  day  of  the  year, 
the  rest  of  it  might  be  devoted 
to  a  similar  gratification  of  indo- 
lence, foret  iners,  to  the  prejudice 
of  the  ordinary  and  necessary 
business  of  life;  or,  lest  there 
being  no  business  done  on  that 
day,  it  might  be  ominous  of  inac- 
tivity throughout  the  year. 

169.  Quisque  suas,  ^c.  Expl. 
Each  touches  slightly  upon  the 
business  of  his  peculiar  occupa- 
tion, and  so  afi'ords  an  evidence 
{testificatur)  of  what  the  duties 
may  be   of    his  customary   task 


(solitum  opus).  And  this  much 
they  did  on  the  kalends  of  Ja- 
nuary, not  for  the  sake  of  gain, 
but  rather  for  an  omen  of  future 
industry  and  prosperity. 

172.  Merumque.  Precemque. 
Strozz. 

175.  Lata.  On  the  kalends  of 
January  the  Romans  used  to  ex- 
press in  prayers  and  good  wishes 
their  anxiety  for  the  safety  and 
welfare  of  their  mutual  friends. 
179.  Timidas,  Anxious,watchful. 

180.  Consulit.  Observes,  so  as 
to  be  enabled  to  interpret  the  au- 
gury. Augur.  The  Augures,  an- 
tiently  called  Auspices,  Plutarch, 
Q.  Rom.  72,  are  supposed  to  have 
been  instituted  by  Romulus, 
three  in  number,  one  to  each 
tribe,  Liv.  x.  6,  as  the  Haruspi- 
ces,  Dionys.  ii.  22.  And  con- 
firmed by  Numa,  ibid.  64.  A 
fourth  was  added,  probably  by 
Servius  Tullius,  when  he  divided 
the  city  into  four  tribes.  They 
derived  tokens,  signa,  of  futurity 
from  five  sources  chiefly ;  from 
appearances  in   the   heavens,   as 


16 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  I. 


*  Templa  patent  auresque  Deum  :  nee  lingua  caducas 

'  Concipit  ulla  preces  ;  dictaque  pondus  habent.' 
Desierat  paucis.     Nee  longa  silentia  feci ; 

Sed  tetigi  verbis  ultima  verba  meis  : 
'  Quid  vult  palma  sibi,  rugosaque  cariea,  idixi.  185 

'  Et  data  sub  niveo  Candida  mella  favo  ?' 
'  Omen,'  ait, '  causa  est,  ut  res  sapor  ille  sequatur ; 

'  Et  peragat  cceptum  dulcis  ut  annus  iter.' 
'  Dulcia  cur  dentur  video  :  stipis  adjice  causam, 

'  Pars  mihi  de  festo  ne  labet  ulla  tuo.'  190 

Ixisit;  et,  '  O  quam  te  fallunt  tua  secula,'  dixit, 

'  Qui  stipe  mel  sumpta  dulcius  esse  putes ! 
'  Vix  ego  Saturno  quenquam  regnante  videbam, 

'  Cujus  non  animo  dulcia  lucra  forent. 

*  Tempore  crevit  amor,  qui  nunc  est  summus,  habendi :  195 


thunder  and  lightning,  from  the 
singing  or  flight  of  hirds,  Slat. 
Theb.  iii.  482,  from  the  quantity 
eaten  by  chickens,  from  quadru- 
peds, and  from  uncommon  acci- 
dents, called  dirce  or  dira.  The 
birds  which  gave  omen  by  sing- 
ing, {oscines)  were  the  raven,  the 
crow,  the  owl,  the  cock,  &c. 
Festus.  Plin.  x.  20,  s.  22,  29,  s. 
42  ;  by  flight  (alites  or  prcepetes) 
were  the  eagle,  vulture,  &c.  Serv. 
in  Virg.  ^neid  iii.  361,  Cic.  Di- 
vin.  i.  47.  iVa^  Dear.  ii.  64. 

181.  Caducas.  Incassum  fusas. 
Facciol.  Unheeded,  uncertain, 
which  do  not  enter  the  ears  of  the 
gods. 

184.  Tetigi.  I  touched,  i.  e.  I 
followed  the  conclusion  of  his 
speech  immediatehj  with  my  ques- 
tion in  reply. 

185.  Cariea.  A  kind  of  dry 
fig,  a  lenten  fig ;  so  called  from 
Caria,  a  country  in  Asia  Minor, 
now  called  Anadolia,  between 
Lycia  and  Ionia,  on  the  side  of 
Mount  Taurus.  It  was  cele- 
brated for  figs.  Dates,  figs,  ho- 
ney, and  sometimes  a  piece  of 
coin,  {slips,  of  the  same  value 
with  the  as,)  were  the  usual  new 
year's  gifts  (slrence)  at  Rome. 
This  custom  was  prevalent  in  the 


time  of  Augustus.     Sueton.   lib. 
V.  cap.  42. 

187.  Ut  res  sapor,  Sfc.  That 
those  gifts  and  their  sweetness, 
might  be  symbols  of  the  favorable 
course  of  events  throughout  the 
year. 

189.  Stipis.  Stips;  from  siipare, 
because  they  were  stowed  in  a 
cell,  not  to  occupy  much  room. 

190.  Labet.  May  be  wanting. 
Z,abo — as. 

191.  O  qiiam  te  fallunt,  ^"c. 
How  ignorant  you  are  of  the  ha- 
bits of  your  own  times. 

193.  Saturno.  Saturn,  the  god 
of  time,  was  the  son  of  Coelus  or 
Uranus,  and  Terra  or  Vesta. 
Having  been  dethroned  by  his 
son  Jupiter,  he  fled  into  Italy, 
and  gave  name  to  Latium  by  be- 
ing concealed  there  (a  latendo"). 
He  was  kindly  received  by  Janus, 
then  king  of  that  country.  Un- 
der Saturn  is  supposed  to  have 
been  the  golden  age,  alluded  to 
in  the  text,  Virg.  Gear.  i.  125, 
which,  however,  does  not  appear 
to  have  been  altogether  divested 
of  the  '  auri  sacra  fames.' 

195.  Amor  habendi.  So  Art. 
Amat.  iii.  541.  Curam  habendi, 
Phoedr.  prolog,  lib.  i.  Studium 
habendi,  Aur.  Vict.  Caesar,  iii. 


KAL.  JANUAR. 


17 


'  Vix  ultra,  quo  jam  progrediatur,  habet. 
'  Phiris  opes  nunc  sunt,  quam  prisci  temporis  annis, 

'  Dum  populus  pauper,  dum  nova  Roma  fuit : 
•  Dum  casa  Martigenam  capiebat  parva  Quirinum, 

'  Et  dabat  exiguum  fluminis  ulva  torum.  200 

'  Jupiter  angusta  vix  totus  stabat  in  aede  ; 

'  Inque  Jovis  dextra  fictile  fulmen  erat. 
Frondibus  ornabant,  quae  nunc  Capitolia  gemmis ; 

'  Pascebatque  suas  ipse  Senator  oves. 
Nee  pudor,  in  stipula  placidam  cepisse  quietem,  205 

'  Et  fcenum  capiti  supposuisse,  fuit. 
Jura  dabat  populis  posito  modo  Consul  aratro  ; 

'  Et  levis  argenti  lamina  crimen  erat. 
At  postquam  fortuna  loci  caput  extulit  hujus, 

'  Et  tetigit  summos  vertice  Roma  Deos ;  210 

Creverunt  et  opes,  et  opum  furiosa  cupido  ; 

'  Et,  cum  possideant  plurima,  plura  volunt. 
Quaerere  ut  absumant,  absumpta  requirere  certant ; 

'  x4Ltque  ipsae  vitiis  sunt  alimenta  vices  : 
Sic,  qixibus  intumuit  sufFusa  venter  ab  unda,  215 

'  Quo  plus  sunt  potae,  plus  sitiuntur  aquae. 
In  pretio  pretium  nunc  est :  dat  census  honores, 


"200.  Ulva.  From  uligo,  mois- 
ture, th.  v>.r,.  Weeds  that  grow- 
in  pools  and  stagnant  waters. 
Torum,  a  couch,  from  torquco, 
properly  means  matted  grass. 
For  Ulva,  Alga  Jun.  Thuan. 
Herba  Al. 

201.  Jupiter.  The  statue  of 
Jove.  Vix  totus.  Scarcely 
stood  erect  from  the  contracted 
size  of  his  temple.  It  is  most 
probahle  that  allusion  is  made 
here  to  the  temple  of  Jupiter 
Feretrius,  built  by  Romulus, 
which  was  scarcely  sixteen  feet 
wide.    Dionys,   Halic.  lib.    ii.   ov 

fiiyav  iTi  yao  avrou  ffco^irat  kpy^aiov 

'iKtos,  &c.  Further,  the  statue  of 
Jupiter  Capitolinus  was  in  a  sit- 
ting posture,  as  appears  from  the 
coins,  and  also  the  well-known 
practice  of  placing  a  laurel  branch 
in  the  lap  of  the  statue  on  the  oc- 
casion of  a  triumph.  Dio.  lib. 
Liv.      By    a    similar   argument, 


Strabo  (lib.  xiii.)  proves  the  Pal- 
ladium to  have  been  in  a  like 
position  at  Ilium,  "n^»;*?,-  yao,  he 
%\Tites,  ■rixXo)/  KiXiuii  ^Biitxt  'A(r,- 

202.  Fictile  fulmen.  An  earthen 
bolt.  Dextra  ,-  for  he  had  his 
sceptre  in  his  left. 

208.  Levis-lamina.  A  small 
ingot  of  silver  was  considered  a 
scandal  to  be  possessed  of.  There 
was  a  law  which  confined  the 
amount  of  property  to  five  pounds 
of  silver  at  the  utmost. 

210.  Et  tetigit.  So  Horace; 
Sublimi  feriam  sidera  vertice. 
Od.i.  1.  36. 

211.  Opum f  arioso  cupido.  The 
inordinate  desire  of  wealth. 

215.  Quibus.  Those  affected 
with  dropsy. 

217.     In  pretio    pretium — est. 

Money    now    is    highly    prized. 

Dat  ccTisus  honores.     He  touches 

here  upon  a  complaint  very  com- 

c  2 


18 


FASTORUM,  LIB.   I. 


'  Census  amicitias  ;  pauper  ubique  jacet. 
'  Tu  tamen  auspicium  si  sit  stipis  utile  quaeris, 

'  Curque  juvent  nostras  aera  vetusta  manus.  220 

'  vEra  dabant  olim  ;  melius  nunc  omen  in  auro  est : 

'  Victaque  concedit  prisca  moneta  novse. 
'  Nos  quoque  templa  juvant,  quamvis  antiqua  probemus, 

'  Aurea ;  majestas  convenit  ista  Deo. 
'  Laudamus  veteres,  sed  nostris  utimur  annis  :  225 

'  Mos  tamen  est  aeque  dignus  uterque  coli.' 
Finierat  monitus.     Placidis  ita  rursus,  ut  ante, 

Clavigerum  verbis  alloquor  ipse  Deum  : 
'  Multa  quidem  didici ;  sed  cur  navalis  in  aere 

'  Altera  signata  est,  altera  forma  biceps  ?'  230 

'  Noscere  me  duplici  posses  in  imagine,'  dixit, 

'  Ni  vetus  ipsa  dies  extenuasset  opus. 
'  Causa  ratis  superest :  Tuscum  rate  venit  in  amnem 

•  Ante  pererrato  falcifer  orbe  Deus. 
'  Hac  ego  Saturnum  memini  tellure  receptum  :  235 

'  Caelitibus  regnis  ab  Jove  pulsus  erat. 


moti  in  his  time.  Plin.  Proem. 
lib.  xiv. 

•221.  j^ra.  The  first  brass 
coin  (numnius  vel  numus  ceris,  a 
Numa  rcge  vel  a  vof/,os  lex)  was 
called  AS  or  iES,  antiently  assis, 
and  was  of  a  pound  weight.  A 
golden  coin  was  iirst  struck  at 
Rome  in  the  second  Punic  war, 
in  the  consulship  of  C.  Claudius 
Nero  and  M.  Livius  Salinator, 
A.  U.  546,  called  aureus  or  mi- 
reus  nummus,  equal  in  value  to 
twenty-five  denarii.  The  dena- 
rius was  a  silver  coin  of  the  value 
of  ten  asses,  or  ten  pounds  of 
brass  ;  Deni  ceris,  so.  asses.  See 
Lanktree's  Roman  Antiquities, 
Book  V.  chap.  vii.  Melius  nunc 
omen  in  auro  est.  Nunc  jacet  ws, 
aurvm  in  summum  svccessit  hono- 
rcm.      Lucret.  1,  274. 

222.  Moneta.  So  called  from 
Juno  Moneta,  in  whose  temple  at 
Rome  the  money  was  coined. 
She  was  called  Moneta  from 
monere,  because  the  Romans,  be- 
ing in  want  of  money  in  the  war 
against   Pyrrhus,  prayed   to  her 


for  aid,  and  she  advised  them  to 
act  justly  if  they  wished  for  suc- 
cess, which  having  obtained,  they 
began  to  worship  Juno  under  the 
title  of  Moneta,  L  e.  consultrix, 
and  decreed  that  the  coin  should 
be  struck  in  her  temple.  Suidas 
in  Movtira. 

225.  Sed  nostris,  Sfc.  But  we 
adopt  the  manners  of  our  own 
times. 

229.  JVavalis.  To  the  reason 
assigned  for  this  in  the  text,  may 
be  added  that  of  Draco  Corcyrce- 
us,  who  in  his  treatise,  n=oi  Xi^euv, 
states  Janus  to  have  been  the  in- 
ventor of  ships.  See  Adams' 
R.  Antiquities,  p.  456. 

232.  Extenuasset.  Damaged  by 
eflfacing  the  impression  of  tlie 
coinage,  opus.  Vetus  dies  for  ve- 
tustas. 

23-3.  Tuscum.  The  Tiber, 
which  flows  through  Etruria  into 
the  Tuscan  Sea. 

234.  Falcifer.  Saturn,  who  was 
always  depicted  with  a  scythe, 
Curvam  servansstib  imagine falcem. 
Virg.  jEneid  vii.  172. 


KAL.  JANUAR. 


19 


'  Inde  diu  genti  mansit  Saturnia  nomen  ; 

'  Dicta  qiioque  est  Latium  terra,  latente  Deo. 
'  At  bona  posteritas  puppim  servavit  in  a^re, 

'  Hospitis  adventum  testificata  Dei.  240 

*  Ipse  solum  colui,  cujus  placidissima  laevum 

'  Radit  arenosi  Tibridis  unda  latus. 
'  Hie,  iibi  nunc  Roma  est,  incaedua  silva  virebat ; 

'  Tantaque  res  paucis  pascua  bubus  erat. 
'  Arx  mea  collis  erat,  quem  cultrix  nomine  nostro  245 

'  Nuncupat  haec  aetas,  Janiculumque  vocat. 

*  Tunc  ego  regnabam,  patiens  ciim  terra  Deorum 

'  Esset,  et  humanis  numina  mista  locis. 
'  Nondum  Justitiara  facinus  mortale  fugarat ; 

'  Ultima  de  Superis  ilia  reliquit  humum.  250 

'  Proque  metu,  populum  sine  vi  pudor  ipse  regebat : 

'  Nullus  erat,  justis  reddere  jura,  labor. 
'  Nil  mihi  cum  bello  ;  pacem  postesque  tuebar  :' 

Et  clavem  ostendens,  '  haec,'  ait,  '  arma  gero.' 
Presserat  ora  Deus.     Tunc  sic  nostra  ora  resolvo,  255 

Voce  mea  voces  eliciente  Dei : 
'  Cum  tot  sint  Jani,  cur  stas  sacratus  in  uno, 


241.  Solum.     Etruria. 

244.  Tantaque  res.  The  seat 
of  so  great  an  empire ;  the  site  of 
so  g'rand  a  city. 

245.  Aix.  Janiculum.  Hanc 
Janus  pater,  hanc  Saiurniis  condi- 
dit    arcem,  Janicidum    huic,    illi 

J'uit  Saturnia  nomen.  Viry.^neid 
viii.  337.  This  citadel  was  also 
called  Antjpolis. 

245.   Cultrix.    Pious,  religious. 

247.  Tunc  ego.  According  to 
Macrobius,  Janus  had  a  partner 
in  the  sovereignty  of  Italy,  Ca- 
meses,  after  whom  it  was  agreed 
mutually,  that  the  country  should 
be  called  Camesene,  and  the  town 
after  Janus. ./anicu/am.  Macroh. 
Saturn,  lib.  i.  cap.  7. 

—  Patiens  cum.  Before  man- 
kind iiad  put  the  gods  to  flight  by 
their  crimes. 

248.  Humanis.  The  deities 
were  still  inhabiting  the  earth. 

249.  Justitiam.  Called  else- 
where  Astraa ;     so  in   Metam. 


Ultima  ccelestum  terras  Astrcea  re- 
liquit. 

252.  Justis.   Thuscis.  Moret. 

257.  Cum  tot  sint.  Some  ex- 
plain Jani  by  temples,  others  by 
.statues ;  it  is  well  known,  how- 
ever, that  Janus  had  but  one 
principal  temple  at  Kome,  there- 
fore the  tot  Jani  may  be  un- 
derstood as  buildings  in  which 
there  were  thoroughfares;  as 
transitiones  pervicE,  are  also  called 
Jani;  (see  supr.  99;)  and  the 
poet  may  be  supposed  to  ask 
why  the  deity  is  worshipped 
in  but  one,  when  there  were 
so  many  edifices  suited  to  him 
in  tlieir  structure;  his  being 
bifrons  inferring  the  necessity 
of  their  being  pervice.  There 
is  no  need  of  insisting  either  ou 
a  plurality  of  statues ;  the  pas- 
sage in  Horace,  Janus  summus  ab 
imo,  Ep.  i.  I.  54,  meaning  merely 
the  street  Janus  from  end  to  end ; 
medius,  Sat.  ii.  3,  18,  the  centre 


20 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  I. 


'  Hie  iibi  juncta  foris  templa  duobus  liabes  ?' 
Ille  manu  inulcens  propexam  ad  pectora  barbam, 

Protinus  CEbalii  rettulit  arma  Titi : 
Utque  levis  custos,  armillis  capta  Sabinis, 

Ad  summas  Tatium  duxerit  arcis  iter. 
'  Inde,  veUit  mine  est,  per  quern  descenditis,'  inquit, 

'  Ardims  in  valles  et  fora  clivus  erat. 
'  Et  jam  contigerat  portam  ;  Saturnia  cujus 

'  Dempserat  oppositas  insidiosa  seras. 
'  Cum  tanto  veritus  committere  numine  pugnam, 


2G0 


2G5 


of  it.  Livy  mentions  the  Jani 
in  the  Forum,  lib.  xli.  Curavit  in 
his  et  cloacam  circumducendam,  et 
forum  porticibus  tabernisque  clau- 
dendum,  et  Janos  ires  faciendos ; 
whence  the  learned  conclude  that 
the  Jani  are  to  be  understood  as 
marble  arches,  or  thoroughfares 
with  groined  roofs.  The  sense 
of  the  passage  then  may  be ; 
why,  when  there  were  so  many 
places  adapted  for  his  reception, 
did  he  adhere  to  the  temple  which 
he  already  occupied,  close,  jtnicta, 
to  the  two  Fora,  duobus  foris, 
the  Boarium,  or  cattle-market 
and  \.h.e Piscarium,  ortish-market? 
Janus  then  proceeds  to  assign  the 
reason. 

258.  Templa.  The  ground 
where  this  stood  was  called  also 
Lautola ;  a  lavando,  from  the  le- 
gend of  the  flood  of  hot  water 
already  mentioned. 

260.  Titi.  Titus  Tatius  was 
king  of  the  Sabines,  and  con- 
ducted the  war  against  Romulus. 
He  was  called  QSbalius,  from 
Q^balus,  who  gave  the  name 
ffibalia  to  Laconia,  from  whence 
a  colony  had  come  and  settled 
among  the  aboriginal  Sabines. 

261.  Levis  custos.  The  faith- 
less guard.  Tarpeia,  the  daugh- 
ter of  Tarpeius,  who  commanded 
the  Roman  citadel,  caugiit,  it  is 
said,  with  the  beauty  of  the  brace- 
lets which  the  Sabines  wore  upon 
their  left  arms,  bargained  for  them 
by  betraying  the  citadel. 


262.  Arcis.  The  Capitol  was 
called  Arx,  (ab  nrceo  quod  is  sit 
locus  munitissimus  urbis,  a  quo 
facillime  possit  hostis  prohiberi, 
Varr.  L.  L.  iv.  32,  vel  ab  ax^; 
summus  ;)  because  it  was  the 
highest  part  of  the  city,  and 
strongly  fortified.  See  Lanktree's 
Rom.  Antiq.  p.  14. 

263.  Per  qvem  desc.  Per  qua: 
desc.  Excerpt.  Kloek.  descendi- 
mus.  Excerpt.  Voss. 

264.  Clivus.  From  Gr.  kXitI; 
JBo).  x.Xi'rhs,  declivitas,  a  slope. 

265.  Portam.  The  Porta  Vi- 
minalis ;  so  called  from  the  thick- 
ets of  osiers  which  grew  there, 
(vimineta)  Varr.  L.  1j.  iv.  8.  Juve- 
nal iii.  71,  or  Fagutalis,  from  the 
circumstance  mentioned  in  the 
text. 

—  Saturnia.  Juno  ;  the 
possessive  for  the  patronymic. 
She  was  the  daughter  of  Saturn, 
and  sister  and  wife  of  .Tupiter. 
Her  enmity  against  the  Romans 
was  owing  to  their  Trojan  origin. 
See  Virg.  JEneid  i.  25—6,  and 
the  fated  overthrow  of  her  fa- 
vorite Carthage  by  the  Roman 
arms ;  Progeniem  sed  cnim  Tro- 
jano     a    sanguine    duci    Audicrut 

Tyrias  olim  qua  vertcret  arces 

Ibid. 

266.  Seras.  Bolts.  Qu.  from 
ff'wa.,  catena,  a  chain. 

267.  Tanto.  Juno,  who  was  so 
prone  to  the  gratification  of  her 
passion  for  revenge. 


KAL.  JANUAR. 


21 


'  Ipse  meae  movi  callidus  artis  opus  : 
'  Oraque,  qua  pollens  ope  sum,  fontana  reclusi ; 

'  Sumque  repentinas  ejaculatus  aquas.  270 

'  Ante  tamen  gelidis  subjeci  sulphura  venis  ; 

'  Clauderet  ut  Tatio  t'ervldus  humor  iter. 
'  Cujus  ut  utilitas  pulsis  percepta  Sabinis, 

'  Quaeque  fuit,  tuto  reddita  forma  loco  est : 
'  Ara  mihi  posita  est  parvo  conjuncta  sacello  ;  275 

'  Haec  adolet  flammis  cum  strue  farra  suis.' 
'  At  cur  pace  lates,  motisque  recluderis  armis  ?' 

'  Nee  mora,  qusesiti  reddita  causa  mihi. 
'  Ut  populo  reditus  pateant  ad  bella  profecto, 

'  Tota  patet  dempta  janua  nostra  sera.  280 

'  Pace  fores  obdo,  ne  qua  discedere  possit : 

'  Caesareoque  diu  nomine  clausus  ero.' 
Dixit ;  et,  attollens  oculos  diversa  tuentes, 

Aspexit  toto  quidquid  in  orbe  fuit. 
Pax  erat ;  et  vestri,  Germanice,  causa  triumph!  285 

Tradiderat  famulas  jam  tibi  Rhenus  aquas. 


268.  Mea  Callidus  artis  opus. 
Calliditatis  opetn.   Thuan.  Moret 

—  Movi.  I  attempted  an 
exploit  peculiar  to  my  office  or 
profession,  i.  e.  of  opening  and 
shutting.  Opus,  from  iva  facio. 
Artis,  from  a^im,  by  sync,  vir- 
tus. 

269.  Oraque,  S^'c.  I  opened,  by 
the  power  through  which  I  pre- 
vail, the  fountain  springs,  &c. 

271.  Gelidis,  Mediis.  Bur- 
mann. 

—  Subjeci.  I  mingled,  sul- 
phura, sulphur,  (qu.  oXziru^,  from 
oXoi,  totus,  and  vZ^,  ignis,  or  from 
sal  and  -ar.)  to  make  the  water 
boil.  De  calido  sulphure  fumat 
aqua.  Ovid.  Veiiis.  Vena  is  pro- 
perly applied  to  metal  and  stone, 
&c. ;  here  it  means  a  rill  of  water. 
Ne  male  foecundse  vena  periret 
aquae.      Ovid.  Trist. 

27-2.  Clauderet,  Sfc.  That  the 
boiling  flood  might  check  the 
passage  of  Tatius. 

274.  Quaque  fuit,  Sfc.  The 
appearance  of  the  whole  place  was 
restored  to  what  it  was. 


275.  Ara  mihi  posita.  Ponitur 
ara  mihi,  Heins. 

—  Sacello.  Sacellum,  or 
.^dicula,  was  a  small  temple  or 
chapel. 

276.  Adolet.  Consumes.  Strues 
-is,  from  struo,  a  species  of  cake. 
Fest.  Jano  struera  commoveto. 
Catull.  Farra.  Farrea  liba  ;  mol/B 
salsa ;  cakes  made  of  salt,  water, 
and  flour.   Suis.   Spontaneous. 

'ill.  Lates.  Are  you  concealed, 
i.  e.  by  the  closing  of  the  temple. 
Metis.  Whoever  was  appointed 
to  the  conduct  of  the  war,  en- 
tered the  temple  of  Mars,  and 
shook  the  shield  and  spear  of  the 
Deity,  crying  out '  Mars  vigila* — 
awake ! 

282.  Nomine.  Niimine.  Francof. 

—  Clausus.    See  note  67. 

283.  Diversa.  Before  and  be- 
hind. 

286.  Rhenus.  By  Rhenus,  we 
are  to  understand  those  who  in- 
habited Germany  on  the  Rhine  ; 
the  scene  of  the  conquests  of 
Drusus.  Germanicus  triumphed 
over   the  Cherusci,   Cbatti,  and 


22 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  I. 


Jane,  face  aeternos,  Pacem,  Pacisque  ministros  ; 
Neve  suiim,  praesta,  deserat  auctor  opus. 

JOVI  ET  ^SCULAPIO  TEMPLA  SACRATA. 

Quod  tamen  ex  ipsis  licuit  mihi  discere  Fastis, 

Sacravere  Patres  hac  duo  templa  die.  290 

Accepit  Phoebo  Nymphaque  Coronide  natum 
Insula,  dividua  quam  premit  amnis  aqua. 

Jupiter  in  parte  est ;  cepit  locus  unus  utrumque : 
Junctaque  sunt  magno  templa  nepotis  avo. 


TERT.  NON  JAN.  CANCRI  BRACHIA  OCCIDUNT. 


Quid  vetat  et  Stellas,  ut  quaeque  oriturque  caditque, 

Dicere  ?  promissi  pars  fuit  ista  mei. 
Felices  animae,  quibus  haec  cognoscere  primis, 

Inque  demos  superas  scandere  cura  fuit ! 
Credibile  est  illis  pariter  vitiisque  locisque 

Altius  humanis  exseruisse  caput. 


295 


300 


Angrivarii,  A.  U.  769.    Famulas 
aquas.     Its  subservient  waters, 

287.  Ministros.  Obviously 
Tiberius  and  Germanicus ;  but 
it  may  be  easily  inferred  that 
Augustus,  who  was  still  living 
when  the  triumph  was  decreed  to 
the  two  former,  was  included  in 
this  prayer  of  the  poet  for  the 
immortality  of  the  ministers  of 
peace. 

288.  Prasta.  Grant  that  the 
founder  may  not  abandon  (dese- 
rat) his  office,  i.  e.  by  death. 

290.  Hac  die.  On  the  kalends 
of  January.  Duo  templa.  One 
to  Jupiter,  the  other  to  ^scula- 
pius,  who  was  the  son  of  Apollo 
and  the  nymph  Coronis,  called 
also  Arsinoe,  daughter  of  Phle- 
gias,  or  according  to  some,  of 
Leucippus.  She  was  slain  by 
Apollo,  who  was  informed  of 
her  intriguing  with  Ischis,  son  of 
Elatus  of  Thessaly,  by  a  raven. 
He  took  .iEsculapius  from  her 
womb  alive,  and  gave  him  in 
charge  to   Cliiron    the  centaur, 


who  instructed  his  pupil  in  me- 
dicine, &c.  The  raven's  feathers 
are  said  to  have  then  been  chang- 
ed from  their  original  white  to 
black,  in  sign  of  mourning  for  the 
death  of  the  nymph. 

292.  Insula.  An  island  which 
the  river  ( Tiber)  encloses  with 
its  divided  stream. 

293.  Jupiter  in  parte  est.  A 
temple  upon  the  same  island  was 
consecrated  to  Jupiter.  In  parte, 
may  signify  to  occupy  a  share  of, 
or  the  half. 

296.  Promissi.  Propositi.  Al. 
See  1.  2,  supr. 

207.  Felices  anima.  Animos. 
Voss.  Arund.  and  others.  Animos 
or  animas  Heins.  Quibus,  SfC, 
Astronomers. 

299.  Credibile  est,  ^c.  It  is  to 
be  supposed  that  those  who  made 
the  heavens  the  subject  of  their 
studious  contemplation,  were 
raised  in  thought,  by  their  aspir- 
ings after  celestial  knowledge, 
equally  above  the  crimes  as  the 
localities  of  earth. 


TERT.  NON  JAN. 


23 


Non  venus  et  vinum  sublimia  pectora  fregit, 

Officiumve  fori,  militiaeve  labor. 
Nee  levis  ambitio,  perfusaque  gloria  fuco, 

Magnarumve  fames  solicitavit  opum. 
Admovere  oculis  distantia  sidera  nostris  ; 

^theraque  ingenio  supposuere  suo. 
Sic  petitur  caelum  ;  non  ut  ferat  Ossan  Olympus, 

Summaque  Peliacus  sidera  tangat  apex. 
Nos  quoque  sub  ducibus  caelum  metabimur  illis, 

Ponemusque  suos  ad  stata  signa  dies. 
Ergo  ubi  nox  aderit  Venturis  tertia  Nonis, 

Sparsaque  caelesti  rore  madebit  humus  : 
Octipedis  frustra  quaerentur  brachia  Cancri ; 

Praeceps  occiduas  ille  subivit  aquas. 


305 


310 


301.  Sublimia.  "  To  heaven 
erect."  Sublimis  qu.  supra  limum. 
A  very  interesting  discussion 
upon  the  subject  of  this  etymo- 
logy is  to  be  found  in  the  Ap- 
pendix to  Stewart's  Philosophi- 
cal Essays.  Fregit.  Has  brought 
low,  weakened.  Compare  Horat. 
lib.  ii.  sat.  2.  77 — quin  corpus 
onustum,  Hesternis  vitiis  animum 
quoque  prsegravat  una,  Atque 
affigit  humo  diviuae  particulam 
aurae. 

303.  Fuco.  Overspread  with 
paint,  and  therefore  deceptive. 
Fucus.  lit.  The  herb  red  alkanet 
or  elkanet,  which  was  used  for 
rouge  and  also  for  dyeing. 

304.  Fames.  Furor  Voss. 

306.  JEtheraque,  ^c.  Brought 
the  visible  heavens,  as  it  were, 
within  the  scope  of  their  intel- 
lectual powers. 

307.  Sic  petitur  calum.  Thus 
heaven  is  won  ;  not  by  such  ef- 
forts as  those  of  Otus  and  Ephi- 
altes,  who  fried  to  reach  the  skies 
by  the  means  alhided  to  in  the 
text.  Ter  sunt  conati  imponere 
Pelio  Ossam,  Scilicet,  atque  Osscd 


frondosum  involvere  Oli/mpum. 
Virg.  Geor.  i.  281.  Ossa,  now 
called  Kissovo,  Pelion,  now  called 
Plesnid,  and  Olympus,  which  still 
retains  its  ancient  name,  were 
high  mountains  in  Thessaly. 

310.  Ponemusque,  Sfc.  We  shall 
arrange  their  own  peculiar  days 
according  to  the  appointed  celes- 
tial signs. 

311.  Ubi  nox.  That  is,  three 
nights  before  the  nones  of  Janu- 
ary. 

312.  Rore.  The  morning  dew. 
Madescit,  madescet  Heins. 

313.  Frustra.  Because  on  the 
third  day  of  January,  towards  sun 
rise.  Cancer  sets  cosmically. 
Cancer,  the  Crab,  is  said  to  have 
been  enrolled  among  the  constel- 
lations by  the  kindness  of  Juno, 
after  he  had  been  crusiied  by 
Hercules,  whose  foot  he  had 
bitten  while  engaged  in  combat 
witli  the  Hydra  in  the  marshes  of 
Lerna.  Hygin.  Fab. 

314.  Aquas.  Because  of  the 
stars  appearing,  when  they  set, 
to  sink  into  the  sea. 


24 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  I. 


NON.  JAN.  LYRA  ORITUR. 

Institerint  Nonae  ;  missi  tibi  nubibus  atris  315 

Signa  dabunt  imbres,  exoriente  Lyra. 

QUINT.  ID.  JAN.  JANI  AGONALIA. 

QuATUOR  adde  dies  ductis  ex  ordine  Nonis, 

Janus  Agonali  luce  piandus  erit. 
Nominis  esse  potes  succinctus  causa  minister, 

Hostia  ceelitibus  quo  feriente  cadit :  320 

Qui  calido  strictos  tincturus  sanguine  cultros, 

Semper,  '  Agone  ?'  rogat ;  nee  nisi  jussus  agit. 
Pars,  quia  non  veniant  pecudes,  sed  agantur,  ab  acta 

Nomen  Agonalem  credit  habere  diem. 
Pars  putat  hoc  festum  priscis  AgnaUa  dictum ;  325 

Una  sit  ut  proprio  Uttera  dempta  loco. 
An,  quia  praevisos  in  aqua  timet  hostia  cultros. 


315.  Institerint  nana.  When 
the  nones  have  arrived. 

316.  Signa  dabunt  imbres — 
(Sign.  d.  Nonce  Al.  and  Nonce 
signa  dabunt.)  The  rain  and 
storms  announce  the  arrival  of 
the  nones,  on  which  Lyra,  called 
also  '  fidicula,'  rises  heliacally. 
Lyra-  Supposed  to  be  the  lyre 
•with  which  Orpheus  charmed  the 
Manes  in  his  descent  to  Hell. 

3l~.Quatuoraddc,^-c.  Add  four 
days  to  the  none»  (gone  by  in  order, 
l^s;?;)  which  brings  us  to  the  fifth 
of  the  ides,  or  the  ninth  of  Jan. 
See  the  Kalendarium,  in  which  it 
sViall  also  appear  that  the  Romans 
counted  backwards,  owing  to 
their  computing  the  day  of  the 
month  by  finding  its  rfi'stence  from 
the  kalends,  nones,  or  ides  follow- 
ing ;  for  example,  the  2d  of  Jan. 
was  quarto  notias,  or  quarto  nona- 
rum  Jan.  i.  e.  the  fourth  day  before 
the  nones;  Jan.  the  6th  was  octavo 
idus,  the  eighth  day  before  the 
ides,  and  Jan.  l4th,  was  undevig. 
kal.  Feb.  the  nineteenth  day  be- 
fore the  kalends  of  February. 

318.  Agonali  luce.       On    the 


Agonalian  day;  the  festival  on 
which  the  Agonia,  or  victim  kcit, 
lio'/^Vit,  the  finest  of  the  flock  was 
sacrificed  to  Janus.  The  etymo- 
logies of  the  term  agonalis,  are 
given  in  the  succeeding  lines. 

319.  Succinctus.  Tightly  girt, 
to  be  the  less  embarrassed  in  the 
performance  of  the  sacrifice. 
Nominis,  Sfc.  You,  well -girded 
priest,  may  be  the  origin  of  this 
phrase,  beneath  whose  blows  the 
victim  falls  in  honour  of  the  gods. 
Minister.     The  Rex  sacrificulus. 

322.  Agone.  Do  I  strike  ? 
Varro  approves  of  this  as  the 
word  that  gave  name  to  the  rite. 

325.  Agnalia.  This  conjecture 
appears  more  ingenious  than  pro- 
bable, for  it  was  not  a  lamb,  agna, 
that  was  off'ered  upon  tliis  occa- 
sion, but  a  ram,  aries,  and  that 
too  the  best  of  the  flock. 

327.  Timet. 'A.yuvtiu\&  the  Gt. 
for  the  metu  angor  of  the  Latins, 
and  synonymous  with  timet  in  the 
text;  hence  the  poet  ofFersauother 
probable  derivation. 

—  Aqua.  The  water  used  for 
ablutions  at  the  sacrifices. 


QUINT.  ID.  JANUAR. 


25 


A  pecoris  lux  est  ista  notata  metu  ? 
Pars  etiam,  fieri  solitis  aetate  priorum 

Nomina  de  ludis  Graia  tulisse  diem.  330 

Et  pecus  antiquis  dicebat  Agonia  sermo  : 

Veraque  judicio  est  ultima  causa  meo. 
Utque  ea  nunc  certa  est ;  ita  Rex  placare  sacrorum 

Numina  lanigerae  conjuge  debet  ovis. 
Victima,  quae  dextra  cecidit  victrice,  vocatur  ;  335 

Hostibus  a  domitis  hostia  nomen  habet. 
Ante,  Deos  homini  quod  conciliare  valeret, 

Far  erat,  et  puri  lucida  mica  salis. 
Nondum  pertulerat  lacrymatas  cortice  myrrhas 


329.  Pars  etiam,  ^-c.  Some  too 
believe  that  the  day  derived  a 
Grecian  title  from  games  that 
used  to  be  celebrated  in  the  days 
of  their  forefathers. 

330.  Graia.  'Aydv,  certamen ; 
Hercules  is  said  to  have  instituted 
the  Ludi  Agonalcs  in  Elis. 

331.  Et  pecus,  ^-e.  The  ancient 
dialect  called  a  victim,  agonia ;  to 
which  Ovid  gives  the  preference 
as  the  origin  of  the  term  in  ques- 
tion. 

333.  Rex — sacrorum.  The  Rex 
sacrificulus ;  a  priest  appointed 
by  direction  of  the  consul  Brutus, 
after  the  expulsion  of  Tarquin, 
to  perform  the  sacred  rites,  which 
formerly  were  the  province  of  the 
kings  themselves.  It  was  an 
office  of  trivial  importance,  and 
subject  to  the  Pontifex  Maximus, 
as  the  other  priests  were,  Xz'y.  ii. 
2,  Dionj/s.  iv.  74,  v.  1.  Before 
any  one  was  admitted  to  this 
priesthood,  he  was  obliged  to  re- 
sign whatever  other  office  he  was 
engaged  in,  Liv.  xl.  52.  His  wife 
was  called  Regina,  Macroh.  Suet. 
i.  1 5,  and  his  house  anciently iiegria, 
Serv.  in  Virg.  uS^neid,  viii.  363. 

335.  Victima,  ^-c.  In  this  and 
the  following  lines  the  poet  gives 
the  origin  of  the  terms  victima, 
and  hostia ;  the  former  being  so 
called  from  dextra  victrix,  the 
victorious  right-hand   of  a  con- 


queror ;  the  latter,  hostibus  amo- 
tis,  from  the  repulse  of  an  enemy. 
Amotis,  A  domitis  A\. 

337.  Ante.  Formerly;  before  the 
Roman  empire  had  attained  to  the 
height  of  its  splendourand  fame. 

338.  Mica.  From  Gr.  fiUxo;, 
Dor.  for  fiix^o;, parvus.  A  crumb 
or  grain.  Salt  was  held  in  great 
veneration  by  the  ancients.  The 
table,  at  their  feasts,  was  always 
consecrated  by  setting  on  it  the 
images  of  the  Lares  and  salt- 
holders,  (salinorum  appositu)  Ar- 
nob.  ii.  It  was  used  in  their  sa- 
crifices, Horat.  Od.  iii.  23,  20 ; 
Plin.  xx\i.  7,  s.  41.  So  Moses 
likewise  ordained,  Levit.  ii.  13. 
It  appears  to  have  been  used  as 
generally  by  the  ancient  Romans, 
and  for  the  same  purposes  (Plin. 
ib.  Horat.  Sat.  ii.  2,  17),  as  cress- 
es (nasturtium)  were  by  the  an- 
cient Persians.  The  family  salt- 
cellar (/)«^ern?«H  saZ/n  «wi  sc.  vas) 
was  preserved  with  great  care, 
Horat.  Od.  ii.  16,  14.  Et  pur  Hue. 
Et  liquidi  luc.  A\. 

339.  Lacrymatas  cort.  myrr. 
Myrrha  is  a  sweet  gum  which 
drops  from  the  rind  (cortice)  of  a 
tree  of  the  same  name.  Lacry- 
matas, Wept  from ; — uc-ti  ttiuxivoii 
Saxgy — Eurip.  Med.  1197, 

"  Drop  tears  as  fast  as  the  Arabian  trees 
Their  medicinal  gum." 

Shaks.  Othello. 


26 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  I. 


Acta  per  aequoreas  hospita  navis  aquas.  340 

Thura  nee  Euphrates,  nee  miserat  India  costum, 

Nee  fuerant  rubri  cognita  fila  croci. 
Ara  dabat  fumos  herbis  contenta  Sabinis, 

Et  non  exiguo  laurus  adusta  sono. 
Si  quis  erat,  factis  prati  de  flore  coronis  345 

Qui  posset  violas  addere,  dives  erat. 
Hie,  qui  nunc  aperit  percussi  viscera  tauri, 

In  sacris  nullum  culter  habebat  opus. 
Prima  Ceres  avidae  gavisa  est  sanguine  porcae, 

Ulta  suas  merita  caede  nocentis  opes.  350 

Nam  sata  vere  novo  teneris  lactentia  succis 

Eruta  setigerge  comperit  ore  suis. 
Sus  dederat  poenas  :  exemplo  territus  hujus 

Palmite  debueras  abstinuisse,  caper. 
Quem  spectans  aliquis  dentes  in  vite  prementem,  355 

Talia  non  tacito  dicta  dolore  dedit : 
'  Rode,  caper,  vitem ;  tamen  hinc,  ciim  stabis  ad  aram, 


Cortice,  from  corium  and  tego, 
because  the  bark  covers,  tegit, 
the  tree  like  a  hide,  corium.  For 
Myrrha,  see  Ovid.  Melam.  x.fab. 
9.  Her  story  has  also  furnished 
Alfieri  with  a  subject  for  one  of 
his  finest  trasedies. 

340.  Hospita.   Foreign. 

341.  Thura.  From  Gr.  ^««, 
suffio,  to  perfume.  —  Frankincense, 
from  Saba  in  Arabia  Felix.  Eu- 
phrates. From  Gr.  lu^pocLiviiv,  to 
delight.  A  celebrated  river  of 
Mesopotamia,  flowing  eastward 
of  Arabia  Felix,  into  the  Sinus 
Persicus.  According  to  Strabo, 
it  rises  in  Niphates,  a  mountain 
in  Armenia,  where  some  authors 
suppose  the  source  of  the  Tigris 
to  lie  also.  The  stores  of  the 
east  were  conveyed  by  the  Eu- 
phrates to  other  nations.  Costum. 
— us,  i.  f.  and  um,  i.  n.  Zeodary, 
a  species  of  shrub  that  grows  in 
Syria  and  Persia,  whose  root  has 
a  strong  aromatic  smell. 

342.  Fila.  Filaments,  fibres. 
See  note  76,  supr. 

343.  Herbis — Sabinis.  The 
Herba  Sabina,  Savin,  a  shrub  in 


its  form  and  mode  of  growing, 
bearing  a  resemblance  to  the  cy- 
press. 

344.  iVow  exiguo.  Because  the 
leaves  of  the  laurel  or  bay  crackled 
in  the  fire  ;  the  louder  they  did  so 
the  more  favorable  the  omeu  was 
considered. 

345.  Factis.  Plexis  Al.  Pactis 
Burm.  as  Pliii.  xxi.  I.  Pactilis 
corona ; — Mplectilis  be  not  the  pro- 
per reading. 

348.  iV«Z/«7n.  Because  the  gods 
were  not  wont  to  be  appeased  with 
gifts,  but  sacrifices. 

350.  Ulta,  Sfc.  Avenging  the 
ruin  of  her  property  by  the  merited 
death  of  the  trespasser.  Ovid 
Pont.  ii.  9,  30.   Metam.  xv.  iii. 

351.  Teneris  lactentia  succis. 
Swelling  with  young  milky  juices. 
Succis,  from  suyo,  to  suck.  Many 
of  the  best  copies  read  suku!. 

352.  Suis.  Sus,  from  Gr.  Is, 
(fv;,  or  iv;,  which  is  the  more  an- 
cient form,  from  ^ua,  to  sacrifice  ; 
whence  Varro  concludes  that  the 
sow  was  the  first  animal  used  in 
sacrifices. 

357.  Hinc.  Hence,  i.  e.  out  of 


QUINT.  ID.  JANUAR. 


27 


'  In  tua  quod  spargi  cornua  possit,  erit.' 
Verba  fides  sequitur  ;  noxae  tibi  deditus  hostis 

Spargitur  aftViso  cornua,  Bacche,  mero. 
Culpa  sui  nocuit,  nocuit  quoque  culpa  capellae: 

Quid  bos,  quid  placidae  commeruistis  oves  ? 
Flebat  Aristaius,  quod  apes  cum  stirpe  necatas 

Viderat  inceptos  destituisse  favos. 
Caerula  queni  genitrix  aegre  solata  dolentem, 

Addidit  lia;c  dictis  ultima  verba  suis  : 
*  Siste,  puer,  lacrymas.     Proteus  tua  damna  levabit ; 

'  Quoque  niodo  repares,  quae  periere,  dabit. 
'  Pecipiat  ue  te  versis  tamen  ille  figuris, 


360 


365 


the  vine,  shall  come  what  may  be 
sprinkled  on  your  horns  when  you 
shall  stand  by  the  altar; — in  allu- 
sion to  the  practice  of  pouring  out 
wine  between  the  horns  before 
the  victim  was  killed. 

359.  Verba,  Sfc.  Truth  attends 
the  words,  i.  e.  they  are  verified 
by  the  result.  Noxa.  For  punish- 
ment; in  consequence  of  his  of- 
fence. Cum  lex  jubet  noxse  de- 
dere,  pro  peccato  dedi  jubet.  Fes- 
tus.  Hostis.  Because  of  his  de- 
stroying the  vines. 

361.  Culpa  sui  nocuit,  ^c.  Her 
crime  was  fatal  to  the  sow,  &c. 

363.  Flebat  Aristaus.  Having 
explained  why  sows  and  goats  were 
offered  up  as  victims  to  the  deities, 
whose  anger  they  had  pi'ovoked, 
the  poet  proceeds  to  account  for 
the  sacrificing  of  oxen  and  unof- 
fending sheep,  placidcE  oves.  Aris- 
taeus  was  the  son  of  Apollo  and 
the  nymph  Gyrene,  daughter  of 
Peneus,  a  river  of  Thessaly ;  he 
■was  born  in  the  desarts  of  Lybia, 
and  reared  by  the  Seasons,  who 
fed  him  on  nectar  and  ambrosia. 
After  he  had  travelled  over  the 
greatest  portion  of  the  world,  he 
settled  in  Greece,  where  he  mar- 
ried Autonoe,  the  daughter  of  Cad- 
mus, by  whom  he  had  a  son,  Ac- 
taeon.  He  became  enamoured  of 
Eurydice,  the  wife  of  Orpheus,who 


in  flying  from  him  was  stung  by  a 
serpent  and  died,  in  consequence 
of  which,  the  gods  destroyed  all 
his  bees.  In  his  distress,  he  ap- 
plied to  his  mother  for  counsel, 
who  directed  liim  to  seize  the  sea- 
god,  Proteus,  and  force  him  to  tell 
how  his  losses  might  be  repaired. 
The  result  is  described  in  the  test. 
See  Virg.  Georg.  iv.  317.  Quod 
apes,  Sfc.  Because  he  had  seen 
that  the  bees,  destroyed  utterly, 
with  their  whole  stock,  had  aban- 
doned the  comb  they  had  begun  to 
build.  Cum  stirpe  necat.  Cum 
prole  necat.    Francof. 

36.3.  Carula.  Marine.  Qu. 
ccelulus,  from  caelum.  Cceruleos 
habet  unda  Decs.  Ovid.  Metam. 
JEijre.  Scarcely. 

3G7.  Proteus.  A  sea  deity,  son 
of  Oceanus  and  Tethys,  or  accord- 
ing to  some  of  Neptune  and  Phoe- 
nice.  He  received  the  gift  of  pro- 
phecy from  Neptune,  because  he 
tended  the  monsters  of  the  ocean. 
He  usually  resided  in  the  Carpa- 
thian Sea,  and  like  the  other  sea 
deities,  often  reposed  on  the  shore, 
where  those  who  wished  to  consult 
him,  generally  resorted.  He  v/as, 
however,  difiicult  of  access,  and 
used  to  assume  a  great  variety  of 
shapes  to  elude  his  inquirers.  He 
is  said  to  have  been  consulted  also 
by  Menelaus  and  Hercules. 


28 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  I. 


'  Impediant  geminas  vincula  firma  manus/  370 

Pervenit  ad  vatem  juvenis  ;  resolutaque  somno 

Alligat  aequorei  brachia  capta  senis. 
Ille  sua  faciem  transformis  adulterat  arte  : 

Mox  domitus  vinclis  in  sua  membra  redit. 
Oraque  ca?rulea  tollens  rorantia  barba  ;  375 

'  Qua,'  dixit,  '  repares  arte,  requiris,  apes  ? 
'  Obrue  mactati  corpus  tellure  juvenci  : 

'  Quod  petis  a  nobis,  obrutus  ille  dabit.' 
Jussa  facit  })astor  ;  fervent  examina  putri 

De  bove  ;  mille  animas  una  necata  dedit.  380 

Poscit  ovem  fatum  ;  verbenas  improba  carpsit, 

Quas  pia  Dis  ruris  f  erre  solebat  anus. 
Quid  tuti  superest,  animam  cum  ponat  in  aris 

Lanigenmique  pecus,  ruricolaeque  boves  ? 
Placat  equo  Persis  radiis  Hyperiona  cinctuni,  385 

Ne  detur  celeri  victima  tarda  Deo. 
Quod  semel  est  triplici  pro  virgine  caesa  Dianae, 


370.  Vincula  firma  manus. 
Vine.  dura.  man.  Excerpt.  KJoek. 

373.  Ille  sua,  Sfc.  He,  trans- 
formed, chanj^es  his  appearance  by 
his  craft.  Adulterat,  from  adulter, 
which  is  compounded  of  ad  and 
alter,  the  term  meaning  ad  alterum 
vel  alteram  ire. 

377.  Obrue  mactati,  Sfc.  Bury 
in  the  ground  the  carcass  of  a 
slauffhtered  ox. 

378.  Dabit.  The  impression 
was  very  prevalent  among  the  an- 
cients, that  the  effect  mentioned 
in  the  text  should  result  from 
employing  similar  means. 

379.  Fervent  examina,  §"C. 
Swarms  burst  forth  from  the  putrid 
ox :  one  life  destroyed  gave  ex- 
istence to  a  thousand. 

381.  Poscit  ovem  fatum.  The 
sheep  also  was  demanded  for  the 
sacrifice.  Verbenas  improba,  Sfc. 
It  wantonly  cropped  the  vervain 
which  a  devout  old  woman  used  to 
offer  to  the  rustic  deities.  Verbe- 
nas, qu.  herbenas,  from  herba.  It 
is  used  to  signify  all  sacred  leaves, 
as  laurel,  olive,  myrtle,  rosemary, 


and  other  sweet  herbs  wherewith 
the  altars  were  decorated. 

382.  Dis  ruris.  Bacchus,  Ceres, 
&c. 

385.  Placat  equo,  §-c.  The 
Persian  appeases  with  a  horse  Hy- 
perion girded  with  rays,  that  a 
slow-footed  victim  may  not  be  of- 
fered to  a  nimble  god.  Hyperiona, 
a  son  of  Coelus  and  Terra ;  mar- 
ried to  Thea,  by  whom  he  had 
Aurora,  the  sun  and  moon.  Hy- 
perion is  often  taken  by  the  poets, 
as  in  the  text,  for  the  sun  itself. 

387.  Quod  semel,  Sfc.  Because 
a  hind  was  once  sacrificed  to  the 
tripleDiana,insteadofavirgiD,now 
too  the  hind  falls,  but  not  instead 
of  any.  Triplici.  See  note,  141, 
supr.  Virgine.  Iphigenia,  daugh- 
ter of  Agamemnon  and  Clytem- 
nestra.  The  Greeks  on  their  route 
to  Troy  were  detained  at  Aulisby 
contrary  winds,  for  which  the 
soothsayers  accounted  from  the 
anger  of  Diana,  at  the  loss  of  a 
favorite  stag  killed  by  Agamemnon. 
Chalcas  declared  that  the  goddess 
would  only  be  appeased  by  the 


QUINT.  ID.  JANUAR. 


29 


Nunc  quoque  pro  nulla  virgine  cerva  cadit. 
Exta  canum  vidi  Triviae  libare  Sapseos  ; 

Et  quicunque  tuas  accolit,  Haeme,  nives.  390 

Intactse  fueratis,  aves,  solatia  ruris  ; 

Assuetum  silvis  innocuumque  genus  : 
Quae  facitis  nidos,  quae  plumis  ova  fovetis, 

Et  facili  dulces  editis  ore  modos. 
Sed  nihil  istajuvant ;  quia  linguae  crimen  habetis,  395 

Dique  putant  mentes  vos  aperire  suas. 
Nee  tamen  id  falsum  ;  nam,  Dis  ut  proxima  quaeque, 

Nunc  penna  veras,  nunc  datis  ore  notas. 
Tuta  diu  volucrum  proles,  turn  denique  caesa  est ; 

Juveruntque  Deos  indicis  exta  sui.  400 

Ergo  seepe  suo  conjux  abducta  marito 

Uritur  in  calidis  alba  columba  focis. 
Nee  defensa  juvant  Capitolia,  quo  minus  anser 


sacrifice  of  Iphigenia,  to  which 
her  father  was  with  difficulty  pre- 
vailed on  to  consent.  When  the 
sacrifice  was  about  to  be  performed 
Iphigenia  disappeared,  and  a  hind, 
or  according  to  others,  a  goat,  was 
found  in  her  place,  with  which  the 
goddess  was  content,  and  liberated 
the  fleet. 

388.  Pro  mdla.  For  there  was 
no  longer  a  virgin  to  be  redeemed. 

389.  Canum.  Dogs  are  said  to 
have  been  sacrificed  to  Diana,  be- 
cause their  barking  scared  away 
the  ghosts  and  spectres  which  she 
sent  on  earth.  Vidi.  Probably 
when  he  was  a  wandering  exile  in 
Thrace,  to  which  frequent  allusion 
is  made  in  the  '  Tristia.'  Sapoeos. 
A  people  of  Thrace,  near  Abdera, 
called  also  Sintii,  and  Saii. 

390.  HcEme,  A  high  mountain 
which  separates  Thrace  fromThes- 
saly.  It  receives  its  name  from 
Hsemus,  son  of  Boreas  and  Orith- 
yia,  who  married  Rhodope,  and 
was  changed  into  this  mountain 
for  aspiring  to  divine  honours. 
There  is  little  doubt,  however,  but 
tlj^t  the  poet  alludes  here  to  the 
city  Zerinthus,  and  the  cave  of 
Hecate,  called  also '  Cauis  antrum,' 


in  the  neighbourhood  of  this  moun- 
tain. He  mentions  this  place  in 
the  *  Tristia,'  and  Suidas  states 
that  dogs  were  the  ordinary  sacri- 
fice there  to  Hecate  or  Diana. 

391.  Intacta.  Unharmed.  The 
poet  now  proceeds  to  account  for 
the  sacrifice  of  birds. 

394.  Et  facili,  Sfc.  And  warble 
sweet  measures  from  your  ready 
throat. 

395.  Quia  linguce,  SfC.  Because 
you  are  accused  of  utterance,  and 
the  gods  believe  that  you  dis- 
close their  purposes.  Nor  is  this 
without  reason;  for  aseachis  most 
familiar  with  the  gods,  now  by 
your  wings  (sc.  prapetes),  now  by 
your  tongues  (sc.  oscines),  you 
give  true  tokens  of  their  will. 

400.  Indicis... sui.  Of  their 
interpreter. 

401.  Ergo  sape,  8fC.  Therefore 
oft,  the  snowy,  wedded  dove,  torn 
away  from  her  mate,  is  burned 
upon  the  glowing  altars,  i.  e.  of 
Venus. 

403.  Nee  defe.7isa  juvant.  When 
Rome  was  taken  by  the  Gauls, 
Marcus  Manlius,  with  a  body  of 
his  countrymen,  retired  into  the 
Capitol,  which  was  attacked  sud- 
D  2 


30 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  I. 


Det  jecur  in  lances,  Inachi  lauta,  tuas. 
Nocte  Dese  Nocti  cristatus  caeditur  ales, 
Q,udd  tepidum  vigili  provocat  ore  diem. 


405 


DELPHIN  ORITUR. 


Interea  Dolphin  clarum  super  aequora  sidus 
Tollitur  ;  et  patriis  exerit  ora  vadis. 


QUART,  ID.  JAN.  MEDIA  HIEMS. 


PosTERA  lux  hiemem  medio  discrimine  signal : 
iEquaque  praeteritae,  quae  superabit,  erit. 


410 


denly  in  the  night  time  by  the 
enemy ;  their  approach  was  dis- 
covered by  the  cackling  of  some 
geese  which  were  kept  in  the  tem- 
ple of  Juno,  and  they  were  suc- 
cessfully repulsed.  Geese  were 
ever  after  held  sacred  among  the 
Romans. 

404.  Inachi. — is,  idis.  f.  A 
patronymic  of  lo  or  Isis,  daughter 
of  Inachus,  theson  of  Oceanusand 
Tethys,  and  founder  of  the  king- 
dom of  Argos,  to  one  of  whose 
rivers  he  gave  his  name.  lo  or 
Isis  was  esteemed  a  divinity  by  the 
Egyptians,  and  her  priests  usually 
feasted  upon  geese  and  ox-flesh  ; 
the  livers  of  the  former  were  ac- 
counted a  gi'eat  delicacy,  to  which 
allusion  may  be  made  in  the  word 
lauta.  Inache  laute,  Excerpt. 
Kloek. 

405.  Nocti.  Nox,  one  of  the 
most  ancient  deities  of  the  hea- 
thens, was  the  daughter  of  Chaos. 
From  her  union  with  her  brother 
Erebus  she  gave  birth  to  the  Day 
and  the  Light.  She  was  also  the 
mother  of  the  Parcse,  Hesperides, 
Dreams,  Discord,  Death,  Momus, 
&c.     She  had  a  celebrated  statue 


in  Diana's  temple  at  Ephesus. 
Cristatus — aks.  The  cock,  which 
was  sacrificed  to  Nox  for  the  rea- 
son stated  in  the  text. 

407.  Interea.  On  the  Agona- 
lian  day;  the  fifth  of  tbe  ides. 
Delphin.  According  to  some,  tiiis 
was  the  dolphin  that  carried  Arion 
the  famous  lyric  poet  and  musician 
to  Toenarus,  when  he  was  thrown 
into  the  sea  by  the  sailors,  who 
wished  to  get  possession  of  the 
riches  which  he  had  accumulated 
on  his  travels,  and  which  he  in- 
tended to  carry  home  to  his  native 
island,  Lesbos.  See  Fast.  ii.  79 — 
118.  Others  say  that  the  dolphin 
was  ranked  among  the  constella- 
tions by  Neptune,  in  gratitude  for 
his  success  in  persuading  Amphi- 
trite,  who  was  unwilling  at  first,  to 
become  the  bride  of  that  deity. 

408.  Patriis ..  .vadis.  From  his 
native  seas.  Exerit  ora,  i.  e.  exo- 
ritiir,  rises. 

409.  Postera.  The  fourth  of  the 
ides  ;  the  tenth  of  January  ;  see 
the  Kalendarjum,  Hyemem,  &c. 
Divides  the  winter,  and  the  re- 
maining portion  shall  be  equal  to 
the  past. 


TERT.  ID.  JANUAR. 


JJl 


TERT.  ID.  JAN.  CARMENTIS  ET  JUTURNiE  FESTA. 

Proxima  prospiciet  Tithono  Aurora  relicto 

Arcadiae  sacrum  pontificale  Deae. 
Te  quoque  lux  eadeni,  Tumi  soror,  aede  recepit ; 

Hie  ubi  Virginea  Campus  obitur  aqua. 
Unde  petam  causas  horum,  moremque  sacrorum  ?  415 

Diriget  in  medio  quis  mea  vela  freto  ? 
Ipsa  mone,  quae  nomen  habes  a  carmine  ductum ; 


411.  Proxima.  The  third  of  the 
ides;  the  eleventh  of  January. 

—  Aurora.  Qu.  aurea  kora, 
from  the  golden  hue  of  the  sky  at 
sunrise.  The  goddess  Aurora  was 
the  daughter  of  Hyperion  and  Thia 
or  Thea,  or  according  to  others,  of 
Titan  and  Terra.  She  became 
enamoured,  from  his  great  beauty, 
of  Tithonus,the  son  of  Laomedon, 
king  of  Troy,  by  Strymo,  the 
daughter  of  the  river  Scamander ; 
and  took  him  with  her  to  heaven. 
She  brought  him  two  sons,  Mem- 
non  and  ^mathion.  Hesiod. 
Theoy.  984.  Herat.  Od.  i.  28.  ii. 
16.  Aurora.  Nupta,  Heins.  and 
Ursin. 

412.  Arcadia,  Sec.  This  was 
the  festival  called  Carmentalia,  in 
honour  of  Carmenta,  a  prophetess, 
the  mother  of  Evander,  king  of 
Arcadia,  who  was  obliged  to  leave 
his  country,  by  the  express  com- 
mand of  the  gods,  and  having  ar- 
rived in  Italy  deprived  the  Abori- 
gines of  their  ancient  possessions, 
and  reigned  in  that  part  of  the 
country  where  Rome  was  after- 
wards founded.  Carmenta  was 
called  also  Themis  and  Nicostrata. 
Her  festival  was  celebrated  with 
peculiar  pomp,  sacrum  pontijlcale, 
by  the  Pontitices  themselves.  Dio- 
nysius  mentions  the  Romans  hav- 
ing dedicated  an  altar  to  her  at 
the  Porta  Carraentalis,  (quam 
memorant  NymphcE  priscum  Car- 
mentis  honor  em,  jEn.  viii.  239.) 
And  Plutarch  that  she  had  a  tern» 


pie  in  the  Forum  which  was  con- 
secrated to  her  by  the  Roman  ma- 
trons. The  day  on  which  the 
Carmentalia  were  held,  was  a 
dies  intercisus,  see  N.  49,  or  half- 
holiday,  for  after  mid-day  it  was 
considered  a  dies  profestus,  a  com- 
mon work  day. 

413.  Tumi  soror.  Juturna, 
daughter  of  Daunus,  sister  of 
Turnus,  king  of  the  Rutuli,  whom 
Jupiter  requited  with  immortality 
for  the  loss  of  her  chastity.  Virg. 
JEneid,  xii.  878.  ^de.  This  tern, 
pie  was  in  the  Campus  Martius, 
near  the  Virgin's  aqueduct. 

414.  Virginea.  According  to 
P.  Victor,  there  were  twenty  aque- 
ducts at  Rome;  others  allow  only 
fourteen.  They  were  named  after 
the  individual  constructing  them, 
the  place  from  which  the  water 
was  brought,  or  some  other  cir- 
cumstances ;  thus  Aqua  Claudia, 
Appia,  Nervia,  §-c.  Virginea 
aqua.  ( Virgineus  liquor,  Ovid. 
Pont.  i.  8.  38.)  So  called,  be- 
cause a  girl  pointed  out  certain 
rills,  which  the  workmen  follow- 
ing found  a  great  quantity  of  wa- 
ter, Frontin ;  but  others  account 
for  it  differently.  Plin.  xxxi.  3. 
Cassiodor.  vii.  Epist.  6.  Made  by 
Agrippa,  Dio.  liv.  14,  as  several 
others  were.  Suet.  Aug.  42.  Dio. 
xlviiif32.  xlix.  14,  42. 

416.  Diriget.    Porriget,     Got- 
torph.  ZJj'n'^af,  Burm.  Seesupr.  4. 

417.  Qua  nomen.   Besides  the 
etymology  given  in  the  text,  Car- 


3-2 


PASTORUM,  LIB,  I. 


Propositoque  fave,  ne  tuus  erret  honos. 
Orta  prior  Luna  (de  se  si  creditur  ipsi) 

A  magno  tellus  Arcade  nomen  habet. 
Hie  fuit  Evander ;  qui,  quanquam  clarus  utroque, 

Nobilior  sacra2  sanguine  matris  erat. 
Quae,  simul  sethereos  animo  conceperat  ignes, 

Ore  dabat  vero  carmina  plena  dei. 
Dixerat  haec  nato  motus  instare  sibique  ; 

Multaque  praeterea.     Tempore  nacta  fidem. 
Nam  juvenis,  vera  nimium  cum  matre  fugatus, 

Deserit  Arcadiam  Parrhasiumque  larem. 


420 


425 


menta  has  been  supposed  by  some 
to  be  derived  qu.  carens  metite, 
because  the  priestess  became  fran- 
tic when  inspired  by  Apollo.  Bac- 
chatur  vates  magnum  si  pectore 
possit,  Excussisse  Deum  :  tanto 
magis  ille  fatigat  Os  rabidum,  fe- 
ra  corda  domans,  fingitque  pre- 
mendo.  Virg.  uSneid.  vi.  78,  79, 
80.  Ipsa  mone.  Diva  or  Nympha 
mone.    Heins. 

418.  Erret.   Go  astray,  be  lost. 

419.  Orta  prior.  Having  an 
origin  previous  to  that  of  the  moon. 
The  name  Antelunares,  was  as- 
sumed by  the  Arcadians,  (in  like 
manner  as  the  Athenians  called 
themselves  aurix^ovn),  in  sign  of 
their  nation  having  existed  be- 
fore the  moon  was  in  being.  Cen- 
sorinus  says  that  their  year  con- 
tained at  first  thirteen  months,  and 
that  they  were  called  Proscleni  or 
Antelunares,  because  their  year 
had  been  determined  before  that 
of  the  Greeks,  which  was  arranged 
according  to  the  course  of  the 
moon.  See  further,  Virg.  JEneld, 
viii.  51,  and  Heyne's  note  in  loc. 
cit. 

420.  Arcade.  Areas,  who  is 
said  to  have  given  name  to  Arca- 
dia, anciently  called  Drymodes, 
from  Gr.  3^«;,  an  oak,  was  the  «on 
of  Jupiter  and  Caliisto.  Arcadia 
was  in  the  centre  of  Peloponnesus, 
bounded  by  Achaia,  Messenia, 
Ells  and  Argolis. 


421.  Utroque.  Some  say  that 
Mercury  was  the  father  of  Evan- 
der; it  would  appear  otherwise 
from  the  text. 

422.  Sacra.  Because  of  her 
being  a  prophetess,  or  from  her 
having  a  temple  and  altar. 

423.  Ignes.  The  divine  afflatus, 
or  inspiration. 

424.  Ore  dabat,  Sfc.  Uttered, 
with  unerring  lips,  the  divinely 
inspired  oracles. 

426.  Midtaque  prater.  Mul- 
tam  praterito  temp.  Heins.  Tr. 
She  had  foretold  that  troubles  and 
many  things  beside  were  impend- 
ing over  her  son  and  herself. 
Having  by  long  experience  (of 
her  truth)  gained  credit,  &c. 

427.  Fugatus,  It  is  not  clearly 
known  what  the  nature  of  the 
circumstance  was  which  obliged 
Evander  to  fly  his  kingdom.  Some 
suppose  that  he  accidentally  killed 
his  father.  There  is  no  light  either 
thrown  by  any  of  the  commenta- 
tors upon  Me  puhum  pair  id  pela- 
gique  extrema  scqucntem.  Virg. 
iEneid,  viii.  333. 

428.  Parrhasiumque  larem. — 
Parrhasia,  a  town  of  Arcadia 
founded  by  Parrliasius,  the  son  of 
Jupiter.  Larem.  Lar  is  frequently 
put  for  a  house  or  dwelling.  Apto 
cumlare fundus,  Horat.  Od.  i.  12, 
44.  Fast.  vi.  95,  306,  and  Penates 
also ;  Nostris  succede  Penatibus 
hospes.  Virg.  jEneid.   viii.   123. 


TERT.  ID.JANUAR. 


33 


Cui  genetrix  flenti,  *  Fortuna  viriliter,'  inquit, 

'  (Siste,  puer,  lacrymas)  ista  ferenda  tibi  est.  430 

'  Sic  erat  in  fatis  ;  nee  te  tua  culpa  fugavit, 
'  Sed  Deus  ;  infenso  pulsus  es  urbe  Deo. 

'  Non  meriti  poenam  paterip,  sed  Numinis  iram  : 
'  Est  aliquid,  magnis  crimen  abesse  malis. 

*  Conscia  mens  ut  cuique  sua  est,  ita  concipit  intra        435 

'  Pectora  pro  facto  spemque  metumque  suo. 
'  Nee  tamen  ut  primus  moere  mala  talia  passus  ; 
'  Obruit  ingentes  ista  procella  viros. 

*  Passus  idem,  Tyriis  qui  quondam  pulsus  ab  oris, 

'  Cadmus  in  Aonia  constitit  exul  humo.  440 


Fast.  vi.  483.  Properly  the 
Lares  and  Penates  were  house- 
hold gods  who  presided  over  fa- 
milies, the  fornaer  were  considered 
to  be  of  human,  the  latter  of  di- 
vine origin.  The  images  of  the 
Lares  were  clad  in  skins  of  dogs 
and  placed  round  the  hearth  in 
the  atrium,  or  hall.  The  Penates 
were  worshipped  only  in  the  in- 
nermost part  of  the  house  called 
Penetralia. 

431.  Sic  erat  in  fatis.  So  Evan- 
der,  '  Fortuna  omnipotens  et  in- 
eluctabile  fatum.'  Virg.  JEneid, 
viii.  334. 

432.  Urbe.  Pallanteum;  see 
Virg.  ^neid,  viii,  51. 

433.  Non  meriti,  Sfc.  «  You 
are  not  enduring  the  penalty  of  a 
misdeed  but  the  anger  of  a  Deity," 
therefore  as  Evander  had  a  "  mens 
conscia  recti,"  was  not  aware  of 
how  he  bad  incun-ed  the  resent- 
ment of  any  god,  he  might  in- 
dulge a  hope,  spem,  and  banish 
his  apprehensions,  melum ,-  see 
infr.  435. 

434.  Est  aliquid,  §-c.  It  is 
something,  i.  e.  it  is  some  conso- 
lation, wben  a  sense  of  guilt  does 
not  accompany  great  misfortunes. 

435.  Conscia  mens,  ^-c.  So 
Juvenal, 'seJudice,  nemo  nocens 
absolvitur,'  Sat.  xiii.  2. 

437.  Nee  tamen,  §-c.     Mourn 


not,  however,  as  if  the  first  that 
bad  endured  such  miseries. 

438.  Procella.  A  great  tem- 
pest, a  storm  of  wind  and  rain, 
especially  at  sea  ;  it  is  also  used 
for  calamities  of  any  kind,  here  it 
means  the  misery  of  banishment. 

439.  Tyriis — ab  oris.  From 
PhoBuecia,  a  country  of  Asia,  at 
the  east  of  the  Mediterranean,  of 
which  Sidon  and  Tyre  were  the 
chief  cities.  It  derives  its  name 
either  from  Phoenix  son  of  Agenor, 
one  of  its  sovereigns,  or  from 
the  great  number  of  pabn  trees, 
(poiuKi;,  which  grow  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood. 

440.  Cadmus.  Son  of  Agenor 
king  of  Phoenicia,  by  Telephassa 
or  Agriope.  He  was  despatched 
by  his  father  to  search  for  his  sis- 
ter Europa,  who  had  been  carried 
away  by  Jupiter,  with  orders  never 
to  return  without  her.  Not  having 
succeeded,  he  consulted  the  oracle 
of  Apollo,  by  which  he  was  di- 
rected to  build  a  city  where  he 
should  see  a  heifer,  whose  track  he 
was  to  follow,  lying  down  in  the 
grass,  and  to  call  the  country  Bobo- 
tia  ;  from  bove,  probably.  Ovid. 
Metam.  iii.  1,  2,  &c.  Aonia — 
humo.  Aonia  was  one  of  the  an- 
cient names  of  Boeotia ;  it  was  so 
called  in  honour  of  Aon,  son  of 
Neptune. 


34 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  I. 


*  Passus  idem  Tydeus,  et  idem  Pagaseeus  lason  ; 

'  Et  quos  pra^terea  longa  referre  mora  est. 
'  Omne  solum  forti  patria  est ;  ut  piscibus  a^quor, 

'  Ut  volucri,  vacuo  quidquid  in  orbe  patct. 
'  Nee  fera  tempestas  toto  tamen  horret  in  anno  ;  445 

'  Et  tibi,  crede  mihi,  tempora  veris  erunt,' 
Vocibus  Evander,  firmata  mente  parentis, 

Nave  secat  fluctus,  Hesperiamque  tenet. 
Jamque  ratem  doctae  monitu  Carmentis  in  amnem 

Egerat,  et  Tuscis  obvius  ibat  aqnis.  450 

Fluminis  ilia  latus,  cui  sunt  vada  juncta  Terenti, 

Aspicit,  et  sparsas  per  loca  sola  casas. 
Utque  erat,  immissis  puppim  stetit  ante  capillis ; 

Continuitque  manum  torva  regentis  iter  ; 
Et  procul  in  dextram  tendens  sua  brachia  ripam,  455 


441.  Tydeus.  Son  of  (Eneus, 
king  of  Calydon,  and  Periboja. 
Having  accidentally  killed  one  of 
his  friends,  or  according  to  some, 
his  own  brother  Olenius,  he  fled 
for  refuge  to  the  court  of  Adras- 
tus,  king  of  Argos,  whose  daugh- 
tei'  Deiphyle  he  married. 

—  PagascEus.  This  epithet 
was  applied  to  all  the  Argonauts. 
Pagasse,  was  a  dock  or  arsenal  of 
Pherae  in  Thessaly,  in  which  the 
Argo,  Pagasaa  ratis,  is  said  to 
have  been  built.  According  to 
Strabo  it  derived  its  name  from  its 
springs,  -arxyoi.  Jason.  Son  of 
iEson  king  of  lolchos  and  Alci- 
mede ;  for  his  numerous  adventures 
see  Class.  Die.  To  the  above  list 
may  be  added,  Teucer,  Horat. 
Od.  i.  21. 

443.  Omne  solum,  §*c. 

•  The  hero  deems,  how  wide  eoe'er  he 

roam. 
All  soils  alike  his  country  and  hie  home.* 
Anon. 

445.  Nee  fera,  ^c.  So  Ho- 
race, '  Non  semper  imbres  nubibus 
hispidos  IManant  in  agros,  nee 
mare  Caspium  vexant  inajquales 
procella;  Usque,'  &c. 

447.  Firmaia.  Et  firman  Fran- 
caf. 


448.  Hesperiam.  From  Hesper 
or  Vesper ;  the  evening  star,  or 
the  evening,  from  Gr.  iu;  sioa.;, 
because  it  comes  at  the  c/oseo/" day. 
Italy  was  called  Hesperia  from  its 
lying  in  the  direction  of  the  west 
or  sunset.  Evander  arrived  in 
Italy,  during  the  reign  of  Faunus, 
sixty  years  before  ^neas  landed 
there  according  to  Dionysius  Ha- 
licarn. 

449.  Amnem.  The  Tiber,  see 
supr.  233. 

430.  Egerat.  Vexerat,  Al.  Rea- 
erat.  Heius.  Obvius.  Against  the 
current. 

451.  Ilia.  Carmenta.  Terenti. 
Terentus  was  the  name  of  a  place 
at  the  end  of  the  Campus  Martins, 
not  far  from  the  Capitol ;  where 
stood  a  temple  of  Pluto  and  Con- 
sus,  (a  deity  who  presided  over 
councils,  in  whose  honour  the  Con- 
«urt?«a  were  celebrated.  Liv  i.  c.9.) 
with  an  altar  under  ground  conse- 
crated to  the  Inferi.  It  was  so 
called,  a  terendo,  from  tlje  Tiber 
eating  away  and  making  a  breach 
in  its  banks.  Hence  the  Ludi 
Terentini  or  Seculares. 

453.  Utque  erat.  And  as  slie 
was,  sc.  immissis  capillis,  with 
hair  dishevelled,  she  took  her  stand 


TERT.   ID.  JANUAR. 


35 


Pinea  non  sano  ter  pede  texta  ferit. 
Neve  daret  saltum  properans  insistere  terrae, 

Vix  est  Evandri  vixque  retenta  manu. 
'  Dique  petitorum,'  dixit,  '  ralvete  locorum  ; 

'  Tuque  novos  caelo  terra  datura  Deos  : 
'  Fluminaque,  et  Pontes,  quibus  utitur  hospita  tellus, 

'  Et  nemorum  Divae,  Naiadumque  chori ; 
'  Este  bonis  avibus  visi  natoque  mihique  : 

'  Ripaque  felici  tacta  sit  ista  pede. 
'  Pallor  ?  an  hi  fient  ingentia  mcenia  coUes  ? 

'  Juraque  ab  hac  terra  caetera  terra  petet  ? 
'  Montibus  his  olim  totus  promittitur  orbis  : 

.'  Quis  tantura  fati  credat  habere  locum  ? 
'  Et  jam  Dardaniae  tangent  hae  littora  pinus : 


460 


465 


before  the  poop  and  with  wild  looks 
{being  inspired)  caught  the  steer- 
man's  Arm.  Puppim,(Tom  Gr.  zs'o^oi, 
sc.  dii  tutelcE  causa  puppe  locati, 
Torva.  Qu.  tortiva  from  torqueo. 
456.  Pinea.  Strikes  thrice  with 
frantic  foot  the  pinewood  deck. 

458.  Vix  est  Evand.  vixq.  re- 
tent,  man.  Vix,  Evandre,  tua 
vixq.  r.  m.  est.  Heins. 

459.  Dique.  This  address  to 
the  deities  of  the  country  was  usual 
on  occasions  similar  to  that  in  the 
text.  So  ^neas,  on  his  arrival  at 
the  same  place.  "  Salve  fatis  mihi 
debita  Tellus,  Vosque,  ait,  O  fidi 
Trojae  salvete  Penates." — "  Ge- 
niumque  loci,  primamque  deorura 
Tellurem,  Nymphasque,  et  adhuc 
ignota   precatur    Flumina,"    &c. 

Virg.  ^neid.  vii.  120,  136. 

460.  Novos — Deos.  Romulus  ; 
the  Csesai-s,  &c. 

461.  Flumina.  Rivers  and  foun- 
tains which  this  friendly  land  en- 
joys. 

462.  Naiadumque  chori.  The 
Naiads  were  inferior  deities  who 
presided  over  rivers,  springs,  wells 
and  fountains;  trom  Gr.  yamt,  to 
flow.  They  are  generally  repre- 
sented as  youthful  and  beautiful 
virgins,  naked  to  the  waist,  and 
leaning  upon  a  vase  from  which 


appears  to  flow  a  stream  of  wa- 
ter. They  were  held  in  great  ve- 
neration among  the  ancients.  Sa- 
crifices of  goats  and  lambs  were 
offered  to  them  with  libations  of 
wine,  honey,  and  oil,  and  occasion- 
ally milk,  fruits,  and  flowers  only. 

463.  Bonis  avibus.  With  good 
auspices.  See  supr.  n.  180. 

464.  Ripaque.  And  let  that 
bank  be  pressed  with  lucky  foot. 

465.  CoUes.  The  seven  hills 
(colles,  mantes,  arces,  or  juga,) 
upon  which  Rome  was  built.  Pa- 
latinus,  Capitolinus,  Aventinus, 
CceHus,  Esquilinus,  Viminalis, 
Quirinalis.  Hence  called  Urbs 
Septicollis, or  Septemgemina.  Stat. 
Sylv.  i.  2.  191.  iv.  1.  6.  by  the 
Greeks  Wray.o^po;,  Serv.  inJEneid, 
vi.  784.  Georg.  ii.  535.  A  fes- 
tival was  celebrated  in  December, 
called  Septimontium ;  Festus,  Suet. 
Dom.  4,  to  commemorate  the  ad- 
dition of  the  seventh  hill.  Plu- 
tarch. Q.  Rom.  68. 

468.  Quis  tantum,  SfC.  Who 
could  suppose  a  place  should  enjoy 
such  great  good  fortune  ? 

469.  DardanicE.  Dardanidcs 
Heins.  Trojan.  Dardanus,  the 
son  of  Jupiter  and  Electra  was 
considered  the  founder  of  Troy. 
So  ^neas— '  hinc  Dardanus  or- 


S6 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  I. 


'  Hie  quoque  causa  novi  foemina  Martis  erit.  470 

'  Care  nepos,  Palla,  funesta  quid  induis  arma  ? 
'Indue  ;  non  humili  vindice  csesus  eris. 

♦  Victa  tamen  vinces,  eversaque  Troja  resurges : 

'  Obruet  hostiles  ista  ruina  domos. 

*  Urite  victrices  Neptunia  Pergama  flammae  ;  475 

'  Num  minus  hie  toto  est  altior  orbe  einis  ? 
'  Jam  pius  yEneas  saera,  et  sacra  altera  patrem, 
'  Afferet :  Iliacos  exeipe,  Vesta,  Deos. 


tus,  lasiusque  pater  genus  a  quo 
principe  nostrum."  j^Eneid.  iii. 
167,  and  Evander  "  Dardanus, 
Iliaca  primus  pater  urbis  et  auctor, 
Electra,ut  Graiiperhibent,  Atlan- 
tide  cretus,  Adveiiitur  Teucros." 
JEneid,  viii.  134-5-6. 

470.  Hie  quoque.  His  quoque. 
Heins.  Here  also  (as  Helen  was 
before,)  a  woman  shall  be  the 
cause  of  a  new  war,  Faemina. 
Lavinia  the  daughter  of  Latinus, 
king  of  the  Aborigines  in  Italy, 
and  Amata ;  on  her  account  the 
war  broke  out  between  Turnus 
and  iEneas.  See  Virg.  jEtieid, 
vii.  51.268,  &c. 

471.  Palla.  Pallas  was  the  son 
of  Evander.  He  accompanied  the 
auxiliaries  with  which  his  father 
had  supplied  ^neas  against  Tur- 
nus, by  whom,  after  a  brief  but 
glorious  career,  he  was  slain.  Virg. 
^neid,  x.  486 — hence  funesta 
arma. 

472.  Non  humili  vindice.  Be- 
cause his  death  was  revenged  by 
/Eneas  who  slew  Turnus  on  his 
account  "  Tune  hinc  spoliis  indu- 
te  meorum  Eripiare  mihi  ?  Pallas 
t€  hoc  vulnere,  Pallas  Imraolat, 
et  psenam  scelerato  ex  sanguine 
sumit."  jEneid,  xii.  948-9. 

473.  Victa  tamen.  Alluding  to 
the  subsequent  subjection  of  the 
Grecian  to  the  Roman  powers, 
when  Greece  became  a  dependent 
province  and  was  governed  by  a 
proconsul. 

475.  Pergama.  (plur.n.)  Per- 
gamus.  («iwf/.  f.)     The  citadel  of 


Troy.  It  is  often  used  for  Troy 
itself.  It  was  situated  in  the 
most  elevated  part  of  the  town,  on 
the  shores  of  the  river  Scaman- 
der;  now  called  Pergamo.  JVep- 
tunia.  So  called  because  Nep- 
tune and  Apollo  when  banished 
from  heaven  by  Jupiter,  were  ob- 
liged to  assist  Laomedon  in  build- 
ing the  walls  of  Troy.  See  Class. 
Die.  Urite  vict -flamm.  Ironical. 

476.  Num  minus.  Nunc  mi- 
nor, Francof.  Num  minor,  Uran. 
Nee  minus,  Zulich.  The  sense 
of  the  passage  as  it  stands  in  the 
te.xt  is,  whether,  in  consequence  of 
the  destruction  of  Troy  by  fire, 
are  these  embers,  num  hie  cinis, 
sc.  Rome,  the  less  on  that  ac- 
count, eo  7?u«!/s,  superior,  or  likel}' 
to  prove  so,  in  dominion,  to  the 
whole  world  ?  toto  est  altior  orbe. 

477.  Sacra,  Sfc.  The  fire  of 
Vesta;  the  images  of  the  gods, 
&c.  "  Tu,  genitor,  cape  sacra 
manu  patrisque  Penates." j^neid, 
ii.  717.  Sacra  altera  patrem.  The 
word  sacra  may  be  used  here  ei- 
ther in  reference  to  the  venerable 
character  of  ^Eneas'  burden,  pa- 
trem, or  to  the  divine  honours 
which  were  paid  to  Anchises  after 
his  decease. 

478.  Vesta.  For  TemplumVes- 
t(B.  She  was  the  goddess  of  fire. 
Two  of  this  name  are  mentioned 
by  the  poets,  one  the  mother  and 
the  other  the  daughter  of  Saturn, 
who  are  frequently  confounded; 
but  the  latter  chiefly  was  worship- 
ped at  Rome.     In  her  sanctuary 


TERT.  ID.  JANUAR. 


37 


Tempus  erit,  cum  vos,  orbemque  tuebitur  idem  ; 

Et  fient  ipso  sacra  colente  Deo  : 
Et  penes  Augustos  patriae  tutela  manebit : 

Hanc  fas  imperii  t'raena  tenere  domum. 
Inde  nepos  natusque  Dei,,  licet  ipse  recuset, 

Pondera  caelesti  mente  paterna  feret. 
Utque  ego  perpetuis  olim  sacrabor  in  aris, 

Sic  Augusta  novum  Julia  numen  erit.' 


480 


485 


was  supposed  to  be  preserved  the 
Palladium  of  Troy,  (fafale  pig- 
nus  imperii  Romani,  Juiv.  xxxvi. 
27),  and  a  fire,  kept  constantly 
burning,  by  a  number  of  virgins 
called  the  Vestal  Virgins,  brought 
by  ^neas  from  Troy,  supr.  477. 
Virg,  JE7ieid,  ii.  297,  hence, 
"  Hie  locus  est  Vestse,  qui  Palla- 
da  servas  et  ignem."  Ovid.  Trixt. 
i.  39,  near  which  was  the  palace 
of  Numa,  ibid.  40.  Horat.  Od. 
i.  2.  16.  Vesta,  the  goddess  of 
Fire,  is  so  called  from  Gr.  ir-Tla, 
focus  ;  Vesta,  the  goddess  of  the 
Earth,  from  Gr.  i(rrd.va.i,  stabilire, 
see  Fast.  vi.  277.  The  temple  of 
the  former  was  consecrated  at 
Rome  by  Numa. 

479.  Tempus  erit,  §-c.  The 
time  shall  arrive  when  the  same 
individual  shall  protect  you  and 
the  world,  and  sacrifices  shall  be 
offered,  a  very  Deity  assisting  in 
their  celebration.  Idem,  in  the 
text,  refers  to  Julius  Caesar,  like- 
wise ipso  Deo.  Colente,  refers  to 
his  being  Pontif.  Max, 

481.  Augustos.  Augustus  Cae- 
sar and  his  posteritv. 

482.  Fas.  It  is'the  will  of  the 
gods. 

483.  Jnde  nepos  natusque.  Inde 
satusque  neposq  :  Cod.  Neapol.  By 
some  commentators  this  is  applied 
to  Tiberius,  the  adopted  son  of 
Augustus.and  consequently^ra/irf- 
son  of  Julius  Caesar ;  it  is  further 
well  known  that  he  appeared  at 
first  reluctant  to  assume  the  reins 
of  government  upon  the  death  of 
Augustus,  being  desirous  to  induce 


the  Romans  to  believe  that  he  was 
invested  with  the  purple  not  from 
his  own  choice,  but  by  the  recom- 
mendation of  the  late  emperor, 
and  the  urgent  entreaties  of  the 
senate ;  and  to  this  allusion  may 
be  made  in  licet  ipse  recuset. 
Others  refer  the  line  to  Germani- 
cus,  whose  father  and  grandfather 
are  mentioned,  supr.  1.  10,  in  a 
manner  which  might  bear  out  the 
application  of  the  text  as  above, 
nepos  natusque  Dei  ;  he  also  was 
saluted  as  Emperor  by  the  soldiers 
whom  he  was  commanding  in 
Germany  at  the  time  Augustus 
died  ;  but  he  refused  this  honour, 
and  had  some  difficulty  in  appeas- 
ing a  tumult  which  ensued  in  con- 
sequence. It  is  right  to  give  the 
opinions  on  both  sides  as  they  are 
supported  by  high  authorities,  but 
the  former  would  appear  to  be 
borne  out  by  1.  484,  which  is  pro- 
phetic of  the  sceptre  being  actually 
swayed,  as  it  was  by  Tiberius, 
whereas  Germanicus  was  secretly 
poisoned  at  Daphne  near  Antioch, 
in  the  midst  of  his  successes  in 
the  east,  in  the  34th  year  of  his 
age,  by  the  direction,  as  is  sup- 
posed, of  the  Emperor  Tiberius. 

484.  Pondera.  The  weight  of 
government.  Calesti  mente.  With 
divine  wisdom.  Paterna.  Inhe- 
rited from  his  father. 

485.  Utque  ego,  ifc.  And  as 
I  shall  in  time  be  worshipped  at 
immortal  altars,  8:c. 

486.  Augusta,  Livia  Drusilla  ; 
daughter  of  L.  Drusus  Calidianus, 
and   wife  of    Tiberius    Claudius 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  I. 


Talibus  ut  dictis  nostros  descendit  in  annos, 
Substitit  in  mediis  praescia  lingua  son  is. 

Puppibus  egressus,  Latia  stetit  exul  in  herba  : 
Felix,  exilium  cui  locus  ilie  fuit ! 

Nee  mora  longa  fuit,  stabant  nova  tecta ;  nee  alter 
Montibus  Ausoniis  Arcade  major  erat. 

Ecce  boves  illuc  Erytheidas  applicat  Heros, 


490 


Nero  by  whom  she  had  Tiberius, 
afterwards  Emperor,  and  Drusus 
Germanicus.  Her  husband  was 
a  partisan  of  i\Iark  Antony,  and 
was  involved  in  the  ill  success  of 
his  cause.  Livia,  preparing  to 
escape  the  threatening  danger,  was 
seen  by  Augustus,  who  became 
enamoured  of  her,  and  married 
her,  though  she  was  then  pregnant, 
having,  with  the  approval  of  the 
augurs,  divorced  his  former  wife 
Scribonia.  Livia  is  accused  of 
having  destroyed  all  the  connec- 
tions and  relatives  of  Augustus 
to  secure  the  succession  of  her  son 
Tiberius,  and  finally  of  having 
murdered  her  husband  to  hasten 
it.  She  received  the  namfe  Julia 
in  consequence  of  her  connection 
with  the  Julian  family,  by  her 
marriage  with  Augustus.  What 
the  poet,  in  the  excess  of  his  ser- 
vile adulation,  ventures  to  predict 
as  to  her  becoming,  nonim  numen, 
is  stated  by  Suetonius  and  Dio,  to 
laave  actually  occurred,  but  long 
subsequent  to  the  death  of  Ovid, 
divine  honours  having  been  de- 
creed to  her  by  her  grandson  Clau- 
dius, 1.  (Tiber.  Drusus  Nero,) 
who  became  emperor  on  the  death 
of  Caligula. 

487.  Talibus  ut  dictis  nost.  desc. 
in  a)in.  Talibus  auspiciis  Jiostros 
descendit  ad  agros.  Ursin.  Zulich. 
JNIaz.  Nauger.  V^oss.  and  others. 
But  the  reading  in  the  text  is  de- 
cidedly preferable,  for  the  prophet- 
ess, beginning  with  j3Bneas,  came 
down,  descendit,  to  the  times  of 
Augustus  and  Tiberius,  7iostros — 


in  annos.     Dictis,  is  used  for  Va- 
ticiniis,  Prophecies. 

488.  Substitit.  Her  prophetic 
tongue  ceased  in  the  midst  of  her 
discourse. 

489.  Exnl.  Evander. 

490.  Cui  locus  ilk.  The  poet 
may  be  supposed  to  have  uttered 
this  with  no  ordinary  feehng  ; 
however  his  flatteryand  hisregrets 
were  alike  ineffectual  with  Augus- 
tus and  his  successor.  He  died  in 
exile,  in  Tomi  on  the  Euxine 
sea. 

49L  Nova  tecta.  These  '  new 
abodes'  were  called  Pallanteum, 
after  the  city  they  had  left.  Nee 
alter.  None  other  was  greater 
than  the  Arcadian,  sc.  Evander, 
in  the  Ausonian  hills. 

493.  Erytheidas.  So  called  from 
Erythea,  or  Erythia,  an  island 
either  adjoining,  or  forming  part 
of  Gades,  of  which  no  trace  is  to 
he  discovered  now  according  to  its 
description  by  ancient  authors. 
It  was  said  to  be  the  habitation 
of  Geryou,  a  celebrated  monster, 
born,  as  were  also  Echidna  and  the 
Chimsera,  from  the  union  of  Chry- 
saor,  son  of  I\Ie(iu?a  by  Neptune, 
with  Callirrlioe,  one  of  the  Ocean- 
ides.  He  is  represented  by  the 
poets  as  having  three  bodies  and 
three  heads ;  '  Tergemini  nece 
Geryonos,'  &c.  JEneid,  viii.  202  ; 
he  possessed  numerous  flocks 
which  Were  guarded  by  a  two- 
headed  dog,  Orthos,  and  Eury- 
thion.  One  of  the  labours  im- 
posed upon  Hercules  by  Eurys- 
theus  was  to  destroy  Geryon;  Or- 


TERT.  ID.  JANUAR.  39 

Emensus  longi  Claviger  orbis  iter. 
Dumque  huic  hospitium  domus  est  Tegaea,  vagantur      495 

Incustoditae  laeta  per  arva  boves. 
I\Iane  erat ;  excussus  somno  Tirynthius  hospes 

De  numero  taiiros  sentit  abesse  duos. 
Nulla  videt  taciti  quEerens  vestigia  furti : 

Traxerat  aversos  Cacus  in  antra  feros ;  500 

Cacus  Aventinae  timor  atque  infamia  silvae, 

Non  leve  finitimis  hospitibusque  malum. 
Dira  viro  facies  ;  vires  pro  corpore  ;  corpus 

Grande  :  pater  nionstri  Mulciber  hujus  erat. 
Proque  domo,  longis  spelunca  recessibus  ingens  505 

Abdita,  vix  ipsis  invenienda  feris. 
Ora  super  postes  affixaque  brachia  pendent, 


thos  and  Eurythion,  which  he  ef- 
fected and  carried  away  the  flocks 
and  herds  to  Tirynthus.  Virg. 
^neid.  vii.  G61.  viii.  202.  Ap- 
plicat.  AppuUt.   Heins. 

494.  Claviger.  Hercules,  son  of 
Jupiter  and  Alcmena,  whose  in- 
signia were  a  club  and  the  skin  of 
the  Nemasan  lion.  See  Class.  Die. 

495.  Tegcea.  *  While  a  Tegaean 
Louse  was  his  abode,'  i.  e.  the 
Louse  of  Evander.  'Ad  tecta  subi- 
bant  Pauperis  Evandri — Haec,  in- 
quit,  limina  victor  Alcides  subiit ; 
haoc  ilium  regia  cepit.'  Virg. 
JEneid,  viii.  359,  362-3.  Tegsa 
was  a  town  of  Arcadia,  situate  to 
the  north  east  of  Megalopolis, 
between  that  and  Argos,  and  not 
far  from  the  Eurotas. 

497.  Tiri/nthius.  Hercules  was 
so  called,  having  been  reared  at 
Tyrins  or  Tyrinthus,  (according  to 
Diodorus,  at  Thebes,)  a  maritime 
town  of  Argolis,  in  Peloponnesus. 
It  was  anciently  called  Halieis, 
from  Gr.  'AXuls,  because  inhabit- 
ed by  fishermen. 

500.  Aversos.  Backwards. 
Compare  Virg.  ^neid,  viii.  205, 
et  seq.  Proper t.  iv.  El.  9,  Liv.  i. 
7.  Cacus.  From  Gr.  xaxk,  malus. 
A  celebrated  robber,  who  resided 
ia  Italy,  son  of  Vulcan  and  Me- 


dusa. According  to  some  authors 
he  was  one  of  Evander's  servants, 
and,  if  so,  stood,  it  may  be  pre- 
sumed, in  the  same  relation  to 
his  master  as  Caliban  did  to 
Prospero. 

501.  AventincB,  &,'€.  The  dread 
and  disgrace  of  the  Aventine 
wood,  in  consequence  of  his  rob- 
beries and  murders.  See  line  507. 
The  Mons  Aventinus  was  the 
most  extensive  of  the  seven  hills, 
lyionys.  iv.  26 ;  it  was  called  after 
an  Alban  king  of  that  name,  who 
was  buried  on  it,  Liv.  i.  3.  It  was 
called  also,  Murcius,  homMurcia, 
the  goddess  of  sleep,  who  had  a 
small  temple,  sacellum,  on  it,  Fes- 
tvs ;  Collis  Diana,  from  a  temple 
of  Diana,  Stat.  Silv.  ii.  3,  32; 
and  Remonius  from  Remits,  who 
wished  the  city  to  be  founded 
there. 

503.  Dira  viro,  §-c.  The  visage 
of  the  man  was  horrible ;  his 
strength  proportioned  to  his  bulk ; 
his  bulk  immense.  Dira.  Dura, 
A\.  Mira,  Voss. 

504.  Mulciber.  Mulcifer,  Al. 
Vulcan,  so  called,  a  vmlcendo  fer- 
rum,  the  god  of  fire,  (Ignipotens, 
Virg.  ^n.  x.  243)  and  of  smiths; 
the  son  of  Jupiter  and  Juno,  (or 
according  to  some,  of  Juno  alone, 


40 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  I. 


Squallidaque  humanis  ossibus  albet  humus. 
Servata  male  parte  bourn  Jove  natus  abibat ; 

Mugitum  rauco  furta  dedere  sono.  510 

'  Accipio  revocamen,'  ait ;  vocemque  secutus, 

Inipia  per  silvas  ultor  ad  antra  venit. 
llle  aditum  fracti  praestruxerat  obice  montis ; 

Vix  juga  movissent  quinque  bis  illud  opus. 
Nititur  hie  humeris,  (ccehmi  quoque  sederat  ilUs)  515 

Et  vastum  niotu  collabefactat  onus. 
Quod  simul  evulsum  est,  fragor  aethera  terruit  ipsum  ; 

Ictaq\ie  subsedit  pondere  niolis  humus. 
Prima  movet  Cacus  collata  praelia  dextra ; 

Remque  ferox  saxis  stipitibusque  gerit.  520 

Qtieis  ubi  nil  agitur,  patrias  male  fortis  ad  artes 

Confugit,  et  flammas  ore  sonante  vomit. 
Quas  quoties  proflat,  spirare  Typhoea  credas, 

£t  rapidum  iEtna^o  fulgur  ab  igne  jaci. 


who  wished  to  imitate  Jupiter, 
from  whose  braius  Minerva 
sprung),  and  the  husband  of 
Venus.   See  Class.  Die. 

509.  Male.  Scarcely. 

510.  Furta.   The  stolen  oxen. 

511.  Accipio  revocamen.  I  hear 
the  recall. 

513.  nie  aditum,  ^c.  He  had 
blocked  up  the  entrance  with  a 
barrier  of  broken  crag ;  scarcely 
could  twice  five  team  have  moved 
the  mass. 

515.  Caelum  quoque.  Hercules 
is  said  to  have  relieved  Atlas  for 
a  while,  and  taken  the  heavens 
on  his  own  shoulders.  This  fable 
is  supposed  to  have  originated  in 
Hercules  having  restored  to  Atlas 
his  daughters,  who  had  been  car- 
ried away  by  Busiris  king  of 
Egypt,  and  having  in  consequence 
received,  as  a  reward,  the  know- 
ledge of  astronomy  and  a  celestial 
globe.  The  use  and  advantages 
of  which  having  communicated  to 
the  Greeks,  he  was  said  thence  to 
liave  borne  the  heavens  himself. 

517.  Quod  simul  avulsum.  Quo 
simul  avidso.  Heins,  omittiui'  est. 


518.  Ictaque,  Sj'c.  The  smitten 
earth  sunk  down,  gave  way,  be- 
neath the  weight  of  the  mass. 

519.  Collata — dextra.  i.  e.  co- 
mi?ius.  Hand  to  hand. 

520.  Remque  ferox.  Hemque 
ftrus,    Hugen.    Excerpt.   Feram, 

Arund.  Stipitihus.  Trunks  of 
trees.  Stipes,  from  Gr.  arvzfoi,  id. 
Gerit.  Movet,  Excerpt.  Kloek. 

521.  Male  fortis.  With  little 
courage,  less  bold.  Ad  artes — 
patrias.  To  his  father's  craft,  sc. 
tire. 

523.  Typhoea.  A  celebrated 
giant,  called  also  Typhon,  son  of 
Tartarus  and  Terra.  He  had  a 
hundred  heads  like  those  of  dra- 
gons, and  flames  of  fire  darted 
continually  from  his  mouth  and 
eyes.  The  moment  he  was  born 
he  made  war  upon  the  gods,  to 
avenge  the  death  of  his  brothers, 
and  scared  them  so  that  they  fled 
in  diff"erent  shapes;  Jupiter  be- 
came a  ram;  Juno,  a  cow;  Apollo, 
a  crow,  &c.  At  last  Jupiter  took 
courage;  overcame  Typhoeuswith 
his  thunderbolts,  and  crushed  him 
under  Mount  .^tna  in  Sicily,  or 


ID.  JANUAR.  41 

Occiipat  Alcides  ;  adductaque  clava  trinodis  525 

Ter  quater  adversi  sedit  in  ore  viri. 
Ille  cadit,  mixtosque  vomit  cum  sanguine  fumos ; 

Et  lato  moriens  pectore  p'angit  humum. 
Immolat  ex  illis  taurum  tibi,  Jupiter,  unum 

Victor  ;  et  Evandrum  ruricolasque  vocat.  530 

Constituitque  sibi,  quae  Maxima  dicitvu*,  aram, 

Hie  ubi  pars  Urbis  de  bove  nomen  habet. 
Nee  tacet  Evandri  mater,  prope  tempus  adesse, 

Hercule  quo  tellus  sit  satis  usa  suo. 
At  felix  vates,  ut  Dis  gratissima  vixit,  535 

Possidet  hunc  Jani  sic  Dea  mense  diem. 

ID.  JAN.   PROVINCI^  POPULO  ROMANO  REDDIT^ 
ET  OCTAVIUS  C^SAR  AUGUSTUS  DICTUS. 

Idibus  in  magni  castus  Jovis  sede  sacerdos 
Semimaris  flammis  viscera  libat  ovis  ; 


according  to  some  under  the  is- 
land Inarime  ;  '  ■  durumque 
cubile  Inarime  Jovis  imperils  im- 
posta  TypLceo.'  Virg.  JEneid,  ix. 
715-16. 

525.  Alcides.  Hercules,  so 
called  either  from  Gr.  a>.Kr,,  robur, 
or  AlcoBus,  his  paternal  grandsire. 
Adductaque,  &c.  And  his  triple 
knotted  club,  wielded,  (or  swung, 
lit.  drawn  back,  to  let  the  blow 
be  more  violent  from  the  greater 
fall  of  the  weapon),  descended 
thrice  and  four  times  ujjon  the 
face  of  his  adversary. 

529.  Ex  illis.  Of  those  that 
had  been  stolen. 

531.  Constituitque  sibi.  Ac- 
cording to  Dionysius  and  Livy, 
this  altar  was  built  in  honour  of 
Hercules  by  Evander,  pursuant 
to  the  dii^ections  of  his  mother 
Carmenta.  Quce  Maxima  dicitur. 
'  Quaj  Maxima  semper  Dicetur 
nobis,  et  erit  quje  maxima  semper. 
Virg.  uS^neid,  viii.  271-2.  The 
priests  who  ministered  at  this 
altar  were  the  Potitii  and  Pina- 
rii,  instituted  by  Evander,  and 
at  that  time  two  of  the  most  il- 


lustrious  families    in   that  place. 
I.iv.  i.  7.  ^neid,  viii.  270. 

532.  Pars  Urbis.  The  Forum 
Boarium,  which  is  by  some  sup- 
posed to  derive  its  name  a  bove, 
from  the  sacrifice  offered  by  Her- 
cules; by  others,  from  a  brazen 
statue  of  a  bull  that  was  erected 
there.    Tacit,  xii.  24. 

533.  Nee  tacet,  Sfc.  Nor  is 
Evander's  mother  silent  on  the 
subj£ct  of  the  time  being  near  at 
hand,  when  earth  should  have 
enjoyed  its  favorite  Hercules 
enough,  Suo,  is  used  empha- 
tically here  as  a  term  of  endear- 
ment. 

535.  Dis  gratissima  vixit.  Gra- 
tissim.  dixit.  Burmann.  as  in  Me- 
tam.  xiv.  123.  '  Dis  gratissima, 
dixit.' 

536.  Hunc  diem.  The  third  of 
the  Ides,  on  which  the  Carmen- 
talia  were  celebrated. 

537.  Idibus.  On  the  Ides,  the 
thirteenth  of  January. 

538.  Semimaris — ovis.  Of  a 
wether  sheep.  Semiinas — aris, 
c.  g.  Flammis  libat.  Sacrifices  at 
the  altar. 

E  2 


42 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  I. 


Redditaque  est  oninis  popiilo  provincia  nostro  ; 

Et  tuns  Augusto  nomine  dictiis  avus. 
Perlege  dispositas  generosa  per  atria  ceras  ; 

Contigerant  niilli  nomina  tanta  viro. 
Africa  victorem  do  se  vocat ;  alter  Isauras, 


540 


.539.  Redditaqup,  S(C.  Upon 
the  Ides  of  January,  a.  u.  7'2G, 
A.  c.  27,  Augustus,  liaving  by 
every  possible  courtesy,  during 
the  preceding  year,  thoroughly 
insrratiated  himself  with  the  Ro- 
man people  and  secured  their  af- 
fections, proposed  in  a  set  speech, 
to  resign  his  authority  into  the 
hands  of  the  senate  and  people. 
As  might  be  expected,  the  feint 
succeeded,  and  he  was  prevailed 
upon  by  the  voice  of  the  nation 
to  continue  at  its  head.  The 
confidence  which  he  bad  thus 
obtained,  enabled  him  to  make 
such  a  distribution  of  the  pro- 
vinces, that  he  gave  up  those  that 
were  completely  tranquil  to  the 
people,  to  be  governed  by  pro- 
consuls, but  those  in  which  any 
symptoms  of  probable  disturb- 
ance appeared,  he  retained  for 
himself,  by  which  means  he  may 
be  said  to  have  disarmed  the 
senate,  and  made  himself  sole 
master  of  the  military  power  of 
the  state  and  its  preponderating 
influence. 

540.  Tuus.  Addressing  Ger- 
manicus.  See  supr.  1.  10.  Au- 
gusto. According  to  the  poet, 
Octavius  Cffisar  was  publicly 
called  by  this  name  on  the  Ides 
of  January.  Censorinus  men- 
tions the  sixteenth  of  the  kalends 
of  February  as  the  day  on  which 
this  occurred,  and  Orosius,  the 
eighth  of  the  Ides. 

o41.  Ceras.  Images  of  wa.v. 
Those  whose  ancestors  or  them- 
selves had  been  distinguished  for 
any  curule  magistracy,  that  is,  had 
filled  the  office  of  Consul,  Prae- 
torj    Censor,    or    Curule  .^dile. 


were  called  '  Nobiles,'  and  had 
the  privilege  of  making  images 
of  themselves,  jus  imayinum, 
which  were  kept  with  great  care 
by  their  posterity,  and  carried 
before  them  at  funerals.  Plin. 
XXXV.  2. 

These  images  were  merely 
busts  or  effigies  of  persons  as  far 
as  the  shoulders,  made  of  wax 
and  painted  ;  which  were  gene- 
rally placed  in  the  courts,  atria, 
of  their  houses,  enclosed  in 
wooden  cases,  and  only  brought 
out  on  solemn  occasions.  Polyb. 
vi.  51.  There  were  titles  and 
inscriptions  written  below  them, 
describing  the  honours  they  had 
enjoyed,  and  achievements  they 
had  performed.  Juvenal.  Sat. 
viii.  6.  Plin.  xxxv.  2.  Hence 
Imagines  frequently  stands  for 
Nobilitas,  Sallust,  Jug.  85.  Liv. 
iii.  58,  and  Cerce  for  Imagines, 
as  above,  Ovid.  Amor.  i.  8.  G5. 
Anciently  this  right  of  possess- 
ing images  was  peculiar  to  the 
Patricians ;  but  afterwards  the 
Plebeians  also  acquired  it  when 
admitted  to  curule  offices. 

543.  Africa  victorem.  It  was 
usual  among  the  Romans  to  con- 
fer an  additional  name,  Agnomen, 
or  Cognomen,  upon  an  individual 
in  consequence  of  some  illustri- 
ous action  or  remarkable  event. 
Thus  the  name  Africanus  was 
bestowed  both  upon  P.  Corne- 
lius Scipio,  and  P.  .(Emilianus 
Scipio,  (son  of  L.  uEmiliiis  Pau- 
lus,  and  adopted  by  the  son  of 
the  great  Scipio,)  in  conse(iuenee 
of  their  distinguished  success  in 
Africa  in  the  second  and  third 
Punic   wars.     Isauras.     P.  Ser- 


ID.  JANUAR. 


43 


Aut  Cretum  domltas  testificatur  opes. 
Hunc  Numidae  faciunt,  ilium  Messana  superbum  ;  545 

Ille  NumantinS.  traxit  ab  urbe  notam. 
Et  mortem  et  nomen  Druso  Germania  fecit : 

Me  miserum,  virtus  quam  brevis  ilia  fuit ! 
Si  petat  a  victis,  tot  sumat  nomina  Caesar, 

Quot  numero  gentes  maximus  orbis  habet.  550 

Ex  uno  quidam  celebres,  aut  Torquis  ademptae, 

Aut  Corvi  titulos  auxiliaris  habent. 


villus,  who  was  proconsul  of 
Asia  during  the  age  of  Mithri- 
dates,  overcame  the  Isauri,  a 
people  of  Asia  at  Mount  Taurus ; 
he  was  honoured  with  a  triumph 
in  consequence,  and  received  the 
name  Isauricus. 

544.  Aut  Cretum.  Q.  Metellus 
was  surnamed  Creticus,  from  his 
conquests  in  Crete.  Cretum,  for 
Cretorum. 

545.  NumidcB.  A  people  of 
Africa,  under  the  dominion  of 
Jugurtha ;  in  consequence  of  his 
eminent  success  against  them 
during  the  Jugurthan  war,  Cseci- 
lius  Metellus  was  called  Numi- 
dicus.  Messaiia.  Or  Messala,  a 
town  in  Sicily,  conquered  by 
Valerius  Corvinus  Max.  who  as- 
sumed its  name. 

546.  Numantina.  Numantia 
was  a  town  of  Spain  near  the 
sources  of  the  river  Durius,  now 
the  Douro;  it  was  destroyed  af- 
ter a  war  of  fourteen  years,  which, 
although  unprotected  by  any  for- 
titications,  it  maintained  with  ex- 
traordinary courage  against  the 
Romans,  by  Scipio  iErtiilianus, 
thence  called  Numantinus. 

547.  Mortem  et  nomen.  Death 
and  glory.  Druso.  Drusus  was 
the  brother  of  Tiberius  and  fa- 
ther of  Germanicus,  to  whom 
the  '  Fasti'  are  dedicated,  1.  3. 
While  engaged  with  the  Ger- 
mans between  the  river  Sala  and 
the  Rhine,  he  was  killed  by  a 
fall  from  his  horse.  He  had 
been  a  distinguished  general  and 


signalized  himself  in  Gaul,  as 
in  Germany,  against  the  Rhaeti 
and  Vindelici,  for  which  he  was 
honoured  with  a  triumph.  He 
is  called  Germanicus,  in  history, 
a  name  which  also  distinguishes 
his  family. 

548.  Quam  brevis.  Drusus 
was  killed  in  the  thirtieth  year 
of  his  age.  It  would  appear 
that  Ovid  is  justified  in  this 
expression  of  bis  sorrow  from 
V.  Paterculus,  who  confers  a 
noble  panegyric  upon  the  cou- 
rage and  accomplishments  of  Dru- 
sus. 

549.  Si  petat  a  victis,  ^c.  If 
Ciesar  were  to  seek  among  the 
vanquished,  he  should  assume  as 
many  names  as  the  vast  world 
could  reckon  nations, 

55 1 .  Ex  uno  qtiidam,  ^*c.  Some 
derive  distinguished  titles,  on  ac- 
count of  a  collar  won,  Torquis 
ademptcE,  or  an  assisting  crow, 
Corvi  auxiliaris,  from  one,  ex 
uno,  adversary,  or  exploit.  Man- 
lius  was  called  Torquatus,  from 
his  having  vanquished  a  Gaul  in 
single  combat,  and  stripped  him  of 
his  collar.  When  the  Roman 
array  was  challenged  by  one  of 
the  Senones,  remarkable  for  his 
strength  and  stature,  Valerius, 
a  military  tribune  under  Camil- 
lus,  undertoolj;  to  meet  him  and 
obtained  an  easy  victory  by  the 
aid  of  a  crow  which  attacked  his 
antagonist  in  the  face  with  its 
beak  and  claws,  whence  Valerius 
received  the  surname  Corvinus. 


44 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  I. 


Magne,  tuum  nomen  renim  mensura  tuarum  est ; 

Sed  qui  te  vicit,  nomine  major  erat. 
Nee  gradus  est  ultra  Fabios  cognominis  ullus  ; 

Ilia  domus  meritis  Maxima  dicta  suis. 
Sed  tamen  humanis  celebrantur  honoribus  omnes  ; 

Hie  socium  summo  cum  Jove  nomen  habet. 
Sancta  vocant  augusta  Patres  ;  augusta  vocantur 

Templa,  sacerdotum  rite  dicata  manu. 
Hiijus  et  augurium  dependet  origine  verbi, 

Et  quodcvmqiie  sua  Jupiter  auget  ope. 
Augeat  imperium  nostri  Ducis,  augeat  annos ; 

Protegat  et  vestras  querna  corona  fores. 


555 


560 


553.  Magne.  Pompey  was 
called  Magnus,  from  the  splen- 
dour and  success  of  his  warlike 
enterprises.  He  was  the  son  of 
Pompeius  Strabo,  a  distinguished 
general  in  the  Italic  war,  under 
whom  he  served  while  a  boy,  and 
was  early  instructed  in  the  mili- 
tary art ;  see  Introduction  to  the 
Oration  on  the  Manil.  Law,  sec 
II.  in  M'Kay's  excellent  edition 
of  the  Select  Orations  of  Cicero. 

554.  Qui  te  vicit.  Julius  Cae- 
sar, who  overcame  Pompey  on 
the  plains  of  Pharsalia.  '  Non 
jam  Pompeii  nomen  populare 
per  orbera,  Nee  studium  belli : 
sed  par,  quod  semper  habemus, 
Libertas  et  Cassar  erunt.'  Lucan. 
Pharsal.  vii. 

555.  Fabios.  Q.  Fabius  Max- 
imus  Rutilianus,  the  first  of  the 
Fabii  who  obtained  the  surname 
of  Maximus,  for  lessening  the 
power  of  the  populace  at  elec- 
tions. This  he  effected,  a.  u. 
449,  by  separating  the  meaner 
class  from  all  the  tribes  through 
which  they  had  been  dispersed 
by  A  pp.  Claudius,  and  including 
them  in  the  four  city  tribes  ; 
'  Ne  humillimorum  in  manu  co- 
mitia  essent,  omnem  forensem 
turbam  excretam  in  quatuor  tri- 
bus  conjecit,  urbauasque  eos  ap- 
pellavit,  &c.  Liv.  ix.  46.    Among 


these  were  ranked  all  whose  for- 
tunes were  below  a  certain  va- 
luation, called  Proletarii,  and 
those  who  had  no  fortune  what- 
ever, Capite  Censi.  Gell.  xvi.  10. 
From  that  time,  and  perhaps  pre- 
viously, the  four  city  tribes  were 
esteemed  less  honorable  than  the 
thirty-one  rustic  tribes. 

558.  Nomen,  Numen.  AL '  Hoc 
tu  per  terras,  quod  in  sethere  Ju- 
piter alto,  Nomen  babes ;  homi- 
num  tu  Pater,  ille  Deum.'  Fast. 
ii.  131. 

559.  Sancta.  The  hallowed 
rites. 

560.  Sacerdotum.  Of  the  chief 
Pontiffs ;  by  tiie  direction  and 
authority  of  the  seuate  and  peo- 
ple. Rite.  In  due  form  ;  by  au- 
guries, sacrifices,  &c. 

561.  Oriyine  verbi.  Loca  reli- 
giosa,  et  in  quibus  ausjurato  quid 
consecratur,  augusta  dicuntur,  ab 
aucta,  vel  ab  avium  gcstu,  gustuve. 
Suet.  Aug.  7. 

563.  Ducis.  Augustus. 

564.  Querna  Corona.  This 
was  the  Corona  Civica,  made  of 
oak  leaves,  e  Fronde  guerna, 
hence  called  Quercus  civilis, 
Virg.  uEncid,  vi.  772.  It  was 
the  highest  reward  which  could 
be  conferred;  whoever  saved  the 
life  of  a  citizen  was  presented 
with  it  by  the  person  whom  he 


ID.  JANUAR. 


45 


Auspicibusque  Deis  tanti  cognominis  haeres  565 

Omine  suscipiat,  quo  Pater,  orbis  onus. 
Si  quis  amas  ritus  veteres,  assiste  precanti : 

Nomina  percipies  non  tibi  nota  prius. 
Porrima  placantur  Postvertaque,  sive  sorores, 

Sive  fugae  comites,  Maenali  Nympha,  tuie,  570 

Altera,  quod  porro  fuerat,  cecinisse  putatur  : 

Altera  versurum  postmodo  qiiidquid  erat. 
Candida  te  niveo  posuit  lux  proxima  temple, 

Qua  fert  sublimes  alta  Moneta  gradus. 
Nunc  bene  prospicies  Latiam,  Concordia,  turbam ;        575 

Nunc  te  sacratae  restituere  manus. 
Furius  antiquum  populi  sujierator  Hetrusci 


had  preserved,  and  was  ever  after 
regarded  as  a  parent.  This  was 
one  of  the  many  honours  decreed 
by  the  senate  to  Augustus,  that 
a  civic  crown  should  be  suspended 
from  the  top  of  his  house,  be- 
tween two  laurel  branches,  which 
were  set  up  in  the  vestibule  be- 
fore the  gate,  symbolical  of  his 
being  the  constant  preserver  of 
his  citizens,  and  the  conqueror  of 
his  enemies,  Dio.  liii.  16.  Hence 
in  some  of  the  coins  of  Augus- 
tus there  is  a  civic  crown,  with 
this  inscription,  ob  cives  servatos. 
Ovid  doubtless  alluded  to  this, 
'  Adjice  servatis  unum  Pater  Op- 
tune  civem,  Qui  procul  extremo 
solus  in  orbe  jacet.'  Trist.  iii.  1. 
38—50. 

565.  Auspicibusque  Deis.  The 
gods  being  propitious.  Hares. 
Tiberius. 

566.  Omine.  With  the  same 
auspices  as  his  father.  Suscipiat. 
Some  allusion  may  be  intended 
by  this  term  to  the  apparent  he- 
sitation of  Tiberius  in  accepting 
the  supreme  power.  See  n.  483. 

567.  Assiste  precanti.  Stand 
by  the  priest.  So  Horace,  *  As- 
sisto  divinis.'   Sat.  6,  114. 

569.  Porrima — Postvertaque. 
According  to  some,  the  sisters, 
to  others,  the  companions  of 
Carmenta  in  her  flight  from  Ar- 


cadia ;  therefore  they  had  a  share 
in  the  sacrifices  offered  to  her. 
Porrima  was  so  called  from  her 
knowledge  of  events  long  past, 
porro,  Gr.  "Tf^ixjau ;  Postverta, 
from  her  knowledge  of  futurity, 
quod  postea  venturum,  or  versurum, 
Gr.  hviffffu.  Placantur,  Placatur. 
Al. 

570.  Maenali,  Carmenta,  so 
called  from  Maenalus,  a  moun- 
tain in  Arcadia. 

573.  Te  niveo  posuit  templo, 
^c.  The  succeeding  day,  lux 
proxima,  xvii.  Kal.  February, 
shrined  you,  fair  Concord,  in  a 
marble  temple,  where  the  majes- 
tic Moneta,  i.  e.  the  noble  tem- 
ple of  Juno  Moneta,  rears  its 
lofty  steps.  The  temple  of  Juno 
in  the  Capitol  stood  near  the 
house  of  M.  Manlius  Capitoli- 
nus ;  it  had  a  hundred  marble 
steps.  The  temple  of  Concord 
was  erected  close  to  that  of  Juno. 
Fert.  Sublim.  grad.  An  hypallage 
for  Ferunt  sub.  grad. 

575.  Nunc.  Now  that  your 
reign  has  been  restored,  and  your 
temple  repaired,  sc.  by  Tiberius 
and  Livia.  Bene  prospicies.  You 
shall  look  with  kindness  on  the 
Latin  people. 

576.  SacratcB  manus.  Hallow- 
ed hands,  i.  e.  of  the  priests. 

577.  Furius.  M.  Fur.  Camillus 


46 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  1. 


Voverat,  et  voti  solverat  ante  fidem. 
Causa,  quod  a  patribus  sumptis  secesserat  armis 

Vulgus,  et  ipsa  suas  Roma  timebat  opes. 
Causa  recens  melior :  passos  Germania  crines 

Porrigit  auspiciis,  dux  venerande,  tuis. 
Inde  triumphatae  libasti  munera  gentis  ; 

Templaque  fecisti,  quam  colis  ipse,  deae. 
Haec  tua  constituit  Genetrix  et  rebus  et  ara, 


580 


585 


who  conquered  the  Veientes,  a 
people  of  Etruria.  Antiquum,  i.  e. 
Olim,  Formerly.  E(  voti,  Sfc. 
And  had  of  old  redeemed  his 
plijrhted  vow. 

579.  Sumptis  secesserat  armis. 
The  people  demanded  that  one 
of  the  consuls  should  he  chosen 
out  of  their  own  hody,  both 
consuls  having  been  up  to  that 
time  Patricians.  After  consider- 
able dissension,  the  commons 
prevailed,  and  L.  Sextus  was 
made  consul  on  the  part  of  the 
people,  L.  ^milius  Mamercus,  of 
the  Patricians,  a.  u.  328.  '  Annus 
hie  erat  insignis  novi  hominis 
consulatu,'  &c.  Ziv.  vii.  Livy 
makes  no  mention  of  the  temple 
of  Concord  at  this  period,  ijut 
he  writes  that  games  were  institu- 
ted, &c.  on  account  of  the  restora- 
tion of  harmony  amontj  all  ranks. 

580.  Ipsa  suos  Roma  timebat 
opes.  So  Livy,  in  prsef.  '  E6  cre- 
verit  ut  jam  magnitudine  laljoret 
sua,'  and  Sallust,  '  Qui  labores, 
pericula,  dubias  atque  asperas  res 
facile  toleraverant,  iis  otium  divi- 
tiae  optandffi  aliis,  oneri  miseri- 
ffique,'  &c. 

Perhaps  allusion  may  be  made 
here  to  the  laws  which  were  then 
promulgated  by  the  Tribunes  of 
the  people  against  the  property  of 
the  Patricians  and  in  favour  of 
the  commons.  One  of  them,  in 
regard  to  debt,  was,  that  the  in- 
terest already  paid  by  any  debtor 
should  be  allowed  as  part  pay- 
ment of  the  principal,  and  that 
three  years  should  be  allowed  for 


discharging  the  balance.  Another 
was  to  prevent  any  individual 
becoming  the  proprietor  of  more 
than  fifty  acres  of  land;  and  a 
third,  that  Comitia  should  not  be 
held  for  the  election  of  military 
tribunes,  and  that  one  of  the 
consuls  should  be  chosen  from 
the  people. 

581.  Passos  Germania  crines. 
Germany  lays  at  your  feet  her 
dishevelled  hair.  It  was  custom- 
ary to  shave  the  head  of  captives, 
to  which  Ovid  alludes  here.  So 
also  Propertius '  Africam  tonsam,' 
for  'victam'  and  Ovid.  Arnor.  i. 
13,  '  Jam  tibi  captivos  mittet 
Germania  crines.'  Tiberius  and 
Germanicus  overran  both  Ger- 
many and  Pannonia,  and  a  tri- 
umph was  decreed  them  which 
did  not,  however,  take  place  until 
two  years  after,  in  consequence  of 
the  deep  aflBiction  which  the  city 
suffered  at  the  total  destruction 
of  the  Roman  army  under  Quin-. 
tilius  Varus,  by  Arminius,  a  Ger- 
man chief.  Their  bodies  were 
found  six  years  after  by  Germa- 
nicus on  the  field  of  battle  and 
buried  with  great  pomp. 

583.  Jjide   triumphatcE,   Sfc 

Thence  you  have  otfered  up  the 
treasures  of  a  vanquished  nation. 

584.  Templaque  fecisti.  •  Dedi- 
cavit  et  Concordiae  sedem,  item 
Pollucis  et  Castoris  suo  fratris- 
que  nomine  de  raanubiis.'  Sueton. 
in  Tiber.  Quam  colis  ipse.  Qua 
colis  ipsa.  sc.  Germania.  Heins. 

585.  Hac.  sc  Templa.  Con- 
stituit— et     rebus.       Established 


FERI^  SExMENTIVtE. 


47 


Sola  toro  magni  digna  reperta  Jovis. 
Haec  ubi  transierint ;  Capricorno,  Phoebe,  relicto, 

Per  Juvenis  ciirres  signa  gerentis  aquam. 
Septimus  hinc  Oriens  cum  se  demiserit  undis  ; 

Fulgebit  toto  jam  Lyra  nulla  polo. 
Sidere  ab  hoc,  ignis,  venienti  nocte,  Leonis 

Qui  micat  in  medio  pectore,  mersus  erit. 


590 


FERI^  SEMENTIV^. 


Ter  quater  evolvi  signantes  tempora  Fastos, 
Nee  Sementiva  est  ulla  reperta  dies : 

Cum  mihi,  sensit  enim,  '  Lux  haec  indicitur,'  inquit 
Musa  ;  '  quid  a  Fastis  non  stata  sacra  petis  ? 

'  Utque  dies  incerta  sacris,  sic  tempora  certa ; 
'  Seminibus  jactis  est  ubi  fcetus  ager.' 


593 


with  all  things  necessary  for  the 
due  performance  of  the  sacred 
rites.  Ara.  With  an  altar  ;  Li  via 
Drusilla  erected  one  in  the  temple 
of  Concord. 

386.  Magni — Jovis.  Augustus, 
who  is  put  on  a  level  here  with 
Jupiter.  Sola — digna  reperta.The 
poet  indulges  still  farther  this 
vein  of  extravagant  compliment 
in  his  Tristia.  ii.  Eleg.  1. 

587.  Hac.  sc.  Festa.  Capricor- 
no. See  ii.  2-38.  On  the  sixteenth 
of  the  kalends  of  Feb.  the  sun 
leaves  Capricorn  and  enters  the 
sign  of  Aquarius,  juvenis-gerentis 
aquam ,-  whence  Aquarius  is 
sometimes  called  by  the  poets 
*  Urniger.'  See  Fast.  ii.  145. 

589.  Seplimns  hine.  On  the 
tenth  of  the  kalends  of  February 
Lyra  sets  heliacally. 

591.  Sidere  ub  hoc.  After  the 
setting  of  tliis  constellation,  sc. 
Lyra,  on  the  nintii,  Kal.  Feb. 
at  the  approaci»  of  night,  the  star 
which  is  in  the  centre  of  the  breast 
of  Leo  shall  set  cosmicaliy. 

693.  Evolvi.  I  read  over.  So 
Horace,  Tempora  si  fastosque 
velisevolvere  mundi.  Sat.i.3. 112. 


594.  Sementiva.  The  Ferise 
Sementivse  consisted  in  a  festi- 
val, or  holidays,  to  be  observed 
at  seed-time  in  order  to  ensure  a 
good  crop.  JVec — ulla  reperta  dies. 
The  Feriaj  Sement.  belonged  to 
that  class  of  holidays  called  Con- 
ceptivce,  which  were  annually  ap- 
pointed, ( Coiicipiebantur  vel  in- 
dicebantur,)  for  a  certain  day, 
which,  however,  was  changeable, 
by  the  priests  or  magistrates ; 
Nee  ulla,  Sfc.  which  should  have 
been  otherwise  had  they  come 
under  the  head  of  the  StativcB 
which  were  recorded  in  the  Fasti 
and  celebrated  on  fixed  and  stated, 
statis,  days,  in  the  appointed 
months. 

595.  Sensit  enim.  For  she  per- 
ceived the  difficulty.  Indicitur.  Is 
appointed ;  sooner  or  later,  being 
regulated  by  the  season,  the  sow- 
ing of  the  seed,  and  also  the  will 
of  the  magistrates  or  priests. 

597.  Utque,  §-c.  Expl.  As 
the  precise  day,  dies,  for  the  ob- 
servance of  the  customary  rites 
is  uncertain,  so  the  time  is  sure, 
sc.  when  the  ground  is  pregnant 
with  tlie  scattered  seed. 


48 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  I. 


State  coronati  plenum  ad  praesepe,  juvenci : 

Cum  tepido  vestrum  vere  redibit  opus.  GOO 

Rusticus  emeritum  palo  suspendat  aratrum  : 

Omne  reformidat  frigida  vulnus  humus. 
Villice,  da  requiem  terrae,  semente  peracta  ; 

Da  requiem,  terram  qui  coluere,  viris. 
Pagus  agat  festum  ;  pagum'lustrate,  coloni ;  605 

Et  date  paganis  annua  liba  focis. 
Placentur  matres  frugum,  Tellusque  Ceresque, 

Farre  suo,  gravidae  visceribusque  suis. 
Officium  commune  Ceres  et  Terra  tuentur  ; 

Haec  praebet  causam  frugibus,  ilia  locum.  610 

Consortes  operum,  per  quas  correcta  vetustas, 

Quernaque  glans  victa  est  utiliore  cibo  ; 
Frugibus  immensis  avidos  satiate  colonos, 

Ut  capiant  cultiis  preemia  digna  sui. 
Vos  date  perpetuos  teneris  sementibus  auctus ;  615 


599.  Coronati  The  oxen  on 
such  occasions  were  allowed  to 
repose  from  their  daily  toil ; 
were  indulged  with  a  full  crib, 
pletium  prcEsepe,  and  had  their 
horns  decorated  with  garlands  of 
flowers.  '  Luce  sacra  requiescat, 
humus,  requiescat  arator;  Et 
grave  suspenso  vomere  cesset 
opus.  Solvite  vincla  jugis ;  nunc 
ad  praesepia  debent  Plena  coro- 
nato  stare  boves  capite.'  Tihull. 
ii.  Eleg.  1. 

601.  Emeritum.  Having  served 
out  its  time.  A  metaphor  from 
soldiers  who  were  said  to  be 
emeritis  stipendiis,  when  the  pe- 
riod of  military  service  had  ex- 
pired. Palo.  A  peg.  qu.  pagulus, 
from  Gr.  zifriyu,  to  fix. 

605.  Pagus  agat  festum.  This 
was  the  Paganalia,  (which  also 
belonged  to  the  Ferise  Concept.) 
celebrated  in  the  villages,  in  pa- 
gis,  to  the  tutelary  gods  of  the 
rustic  tribes.  This  festival  was  in- 
stituted by  Servius  TuUius,  who 
also  ordained  that  at  the  time 
of  its  celebration,  the  peasants 
should  each  pay  a  piece  of  mo- 
ney into  the  hands  of  the  indivi- 


dual who  presided  at  the  sacri- 
fices ;  the  men  a  piece  of  one 
kind,  the  women  of  another, 
and  the  children  of  a  third  sort, 
Dionj/s.  iv.  51.  Lustrate.  This 
purification  may  have  been  ef- 
fected by  burning  heaps  of  straw 
as  at  the  Palilia,  or  by  compass- 
ing the  village  in  solemn  proces- 
sion. 

606.  Et  date.  Present  the  year- 
ly cakes  upon  the  village  altars. 
Every  village  had  its  own  pecu- 
liar altar  by  direction  of  Servius 
Tullius.  Annua  lib.  fac.  Ann. 
ferta  vel  fercta.  Burmann. 

6)0.  HcEc.  Ceres.  Ilia.  Terra. 

Oil.  Consortes  operum.  Part- 
ners in  the  toil  by  which  anti- 
quity was  reformed,  (Fast.  iv. 
375,)  and  the  mast  of  the  oak 
was  overcome  by  the  more 
wholesome  food.  Ceres  first 
taught  mankind  the  giowth  and 
use  of  corn,  before  which  they 
used  to  live  upon  the  produce  of 
the  beech  and  oak,  &c.  '  Cum 
prorepserunt  primis  animalia  ter- 
ris,  Mutum  et  turpe  pecus,  glmi- 
dem  atque  cubilia  propter,  Un- 
guibus,   dein  fustibus,  atque   ita 


FERI^  SEMENTIV^. 


49 


Nec  nova  per  gelidas  herba  sit  usta  nives. 
Ciim  serimus,  ccelum  ventis  aperite  serenis ; 

Cum  latet,  aetherea  spargite  semen  aqua. 
Neve  graves  cultis  Cerealia  dona  cavete 

Agmine  laesuro  depopulentur  aves. 
Vos  quoque  subjectis,  formicse,  parcite  granis ; 

Post  messem  praedte  copia  major  erit. 
Interea  crescat  scabrse  rubiginis  expers, 

Nec  vitio  coeli  palleat  aegra  seges. 
Et  neque  deficiat  macie,  neque  pinguior  aequo 

Divitiis  pereat  luxuriosa  suis. 
Et  careant  loliis  oculos  vitiantibus  agri ; 

Nec  sterilis  culto  surg-at  avena  solo. 


620 


625 


porro  Pugnabant  armis.'    Horat. 
Sat.  i.  99. 

616.  Usta.  Withered.  Uro  is 
used  to  express  the  effect  of  cold 
as  well  as  heat.  '  Boreas  penetra- 
bile  frigus  advrat.'  Virg.  Georg. 
and  Fasti,  iv.  884 ;  and  not  mere- 
ly by  the  poets  but  by  the  philo- 
sophers also.  Pliny  applies  aduror 
to  cold  :  "  Aduri  quoque  fervore 
aut  Jlatu  frigidiore,"  and  again 
«'  adusta  iiivibus." 

617.  Caliim — aperite.  Clear 
by  the  winds  the  surface  of  the 
sky.  So  Homer — '  LzTtffayyi  ««•- 
zriro;  aJn^.'  viii.  5.58. 

618.  ^therea  aqua.  With  rain. 

619.  Graves  cultis.  Injurious 
to  the  crops.  Cerealia  dona.  The 
seed  of  the  corn. 

621.  Subjectis.  Sown.  Formi- 
CCB.  Ants,  from  Greek  f/.v^funi, 
.ffiol.  and  Dor.  jSyj^a|,  or  afere7i- 
dis  micis. 

623.  ScahrcE  rubiginis  expers. 
Safe  from  the  filthy  mildew,  or 
blight.  The  blight,  ruhigo,  is 
a  disease  to  which  corn  is  very 
subject.  This  is  called  by  Theo- 
phrastus  l^v/nlin.  It  is  generally 
supposed  to  signify  the  smut, 
which  is  a  putrefaction  of  the 
ear,  and  turns  it  into  a  black 
slime.     Virgil  makes  it  a  disease 


of  the   stalk,    '  ut   mala   culmos 
Esset  rubigo.'   Georg.  i.  151. 

624.  Nec  vitio,  §-c.  Nor  let 
the  sickly-crop  be  smutted  by  the 
inclemency  of  the  weather. 

625.  Neque  pinguior  cequo. 
An  excessive  luxuriance  of  the 
corn  was  equally  to  be  deprecated. 
Theophrastus  mentions  that  in 
a  rich  soil  the  husbandmen  mowed 
the  young  corn,  and  fed  it  down 
to  keep  it  from  running  too 
much  to  leaf;  and  Virgil,  <  Quid, 
qui,  ne  gravidis  procumbat  cul- 
mus  aristis,  Luxuriem  segetuni 
tenera  depascit  in  herba.'  Georg. 
i.  112. 

627.  Loliis.  Loliuni,  (a  Xetiov 
iXiiiv,  i.  e.  segetem  perdere,  vel 
Xaiov  okoov,  i.  e.  seges  noxia.)  Dar- 
nel or  tares,  a  weed  common  in 
corn  fields.  Oculus  vitiantibus. 
When  ground  and  baked,  unde- 
signedly, with  the  flour,  it  caused 
giddiness  in  the  head. 

628.  Avena.  The  'Jilgilops'  of 
Pliny  ;  wild  oats  ;  they  are  not  as 
some  think  a  degenerate  species 
of  the  common  oats,  but  of  a  sort 
totally  distinct ;  the  chaff  of  them 
is  hairy,  and  the  seed  small  like 
that  of  grass.  *  Infelix  Lolium, 
et  steriles  dominantur  avena;.' 
Virg.  Georg.  i.  154. 


50 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  I. 


Triticeos  foetus,  passuraque  farra  bis  ignem, 

Hordeaque  ingenti  foenore  reddat  ager. 
Haec  ego  pro  vobis,  haec  vos  optate,  coloni ; 

Efficiantque  ratas  utraque  Diva  preces. 
Bella  diu  tenuere  viros  ;  erat  aptior  ensis 

Vomere  ;  cedebat  taurus  arator  equo. 
Sarcula  cessabant ;  versique  in  pila  ligones, 

Factaque  de  rastri  pondere  cassis  erat. 
Gratia  Dis  domuique  tuae,  religata  catenis 

Jampridem  nostro  sub  pede  bella  jacent. 
Sub  juga  bos  veniat,  sub  terras  semen  aratas 

Pax  Cererem  nutrit ;  pacis  alumna  Ceres. 
At  quae  venturas  praecedet  sexta  kalendas, 

Haec  sunt  Ledaeis  templa  dicata  Deis. 
Fratribus  ilia  Deis  fratres  de  gente  Deorura 

Circa  Juturnae  composuere  lacus. 


630 


635 


640 


629.  Triticeos  foetus.  The 
wheaten  crops.  Triticum,  quod 
tritum  est  ex  spiels.  Varr.  The 
triticum  of  the  ancients  was  not 
our  common  wheat,  but  a  bearded 
sort,  hence  arista  is  frequently 
used  by  the  poets  for  wheat.  Mr. 
Martyn  mentions,  in  proof  of  the 
triticum  beinjj  bearded,  that  all 
the  statues  and  medals  of  Ceres 
which  he  had  seen,  had  no  other 
species  represented  on  them.  Sis. 
Because  the  corn  was  first  dried 
Ly  roasting,  and  then  put  into 
the  oven,  when  ground,  for 
bread.  Farra.  The  ^=/a:  or  ^U  of 
the  Greeks. 

630.  Hordeaq.  Barley.  Ovid 
has  here  incurred  the  censure 
which  Virijil  received  from  the 
notable  critics,  Bavius  and  Msevi- 
us,  for  using  /tardea  in  the  plural 
number  ;  '  Hordea  qui  dixit  su- 
perest  ut  tritica  dicat.'  Jiujenti 
foenore.     In  great  abundance. 

6.32.  Utraque  Diva,  Ceresand 
Terra. 

63-1.  Vomere.  So  the  prophet 
Joel,  "  Beat  your  ploughshares 
into  swords  and  your  pruning 
hooks    into     spears."       Cedebat 


taurus — '  Non  uUas  aratro  Dignus 
honos.'  Georg.  i.  506. 

635.  Sarcula.  Hoes  or  rakes. 
Pila.  The  pilum,  a  weapon  iu 
use  among  the  ancient  Romans, 
was  a  javelin  or  pike,  five  feet 
and  a  half  long,  having  a  three 
square  head  of  iron  or  steel, 
nine  inches  in  length.  Ligones. 
Spades. 

636.  Cassis.  The  Tuscan  term 
for  a  helmet. 

640.  Pax  Cererem  nutrit.  For 
'  Squalent  abductis  arva  colonis.' 
Georg,  i.  507,  Alumna.  The 
foster  child  ;  from  alere. 

641.  At  qucE.  The  sixth  of  the 
kalends  of  February,  with  us 
Jan.  27th,  was  remarkable  for 
the  dedication  of  a  temple  to 
Castor  and  Pollux,  the  son  of 
Jupiter  and  I^eda. 

642.  Ledccis.  Ledaicis.    Heins. 

643.  Fratribus.  Castor  and 
Pollux.  Ilia.  sc.  Temples.  Fra- 
tres. Drusus  and  Tiberius. 

644.  Juturna.  A  fountain  near 
the  river  Numicus  and  the  Mons 
Albanus  in  Latium  ;  called  after 
Juturna  the  sister  of  Turnus  ;  see 
supr.  413.     Its  waters  were  used 


TERT.  KAL.  FEB. 


51 


TERT.  KAL.  FEB.  ARA  PACI  POSITA. 

Ipsum  nos  carmen  deducif  Pacis  ad  aram  :  645 

Ha3c  erit  a  mensis  fine  seciinda  dies. 
Frondibus  Actiacis  comtos  redimita  capillos, 

Pax  ades  ;  et  toto  mitis  in  orbe  mane. 
Dum  desint  hostes,  desit  quoqne  causa  triumphi : 

Tu  diicibus  bello  gloria  major  eris.  b'50 

Sola  gerat  miles,  quibus  arma  coerceat,  arma  ; 

Canteturque  fera,  nil  nisi  pompa,  tuba. 
HoiTeat  ^neadas  et  primus  et  ultimas  orbis : 

Siqua  parum  ilomam  terra  timebit,  amet. 
Thura,  sacerdotes,  pacalibus  addite  flammis  ;  655 

Albaque  percussa  victima  fronte  cadat. 
Utque  domus,  quae  praestat  eam,  cum  pace  perennet, 

Ad  pia  prepenses  vota  rogate  Deos. 
Sed  jam  prima  mei  pars  est  exacta  laboris  ; 

Cumque  suo  finem  mense  libellus  habet.  660 


in  sacrifices,  particularly  those 
of  Vesta ;  they  were  also  said 
to  have  the  power  of  healing  dis- 
eases. 

645.  Ipsum  Carmen,  i.  e.  Car- 
minis  ratio  ;  the  plan  of  the  Fasti. 
Pacis  ad  aram.  The  site  of  this 
altar  is  unknown.  Claudius  com- 
menced a  splendid  temple  con- 
secrated to  Peace,  at  Rome, 
which  was  finished  by  Vespasian. 

C46.  A  mensis  fine,  Sec.  On  the 
third  of  the  kalends  of  Feb. 
with  us  Jan.  30th,  the  Pacalia, 
the  festival  in  honour  of  Peace, 
was  held. 

647.  Actiacis,  In  reference  to 
the  celebrated  naval  victory, 
which  Augustus  obtained  over 
Antony  and  Cleopatra,  at  Ac- 
tiiim,  now  Azio,  a  town  and  pro- 
montory of  Epirus,  B.  C.  31. 
Soon  after  which  he  closed  the 
temple  of  Janus,  in  sign  of 
peace. 


651.  Quibtts  arma  coerceat. 
Qitce  hella  coerc.  Excerpt.  Kloek. 
To  restrain  hostile  invasion. 

052.  Nil  nisi  pompa.  Let  no- 
thing but  the  solemn  processions, 
accompanying  the  games  and  fes- 
tivals, be  proclaimed  by  the  fierce 
trumpet. 

053.  JEneadas.  The  Romans  ; 
descended  from  iEneas  and  the 
Trojans.  Et  primus  et  %iltimus  or- 
bis.  The  eastern  and  western 
worlds. 

055.  Pacalibus  flammis.  The 
fires  lighted  upon  the  altar  of 
Peace. 

656.  Albaque.  The  victims 
offered  in  sacrifice  to  the  celestial 
gods  were  white,  as  were  also  the 
robes  of  the  officiating  priest. 

057.  Utque  domus,  ^c.  Im- 
plore the  gods,  who  lean  to  pious 
prayers,  that  the  house,  whose 
boon  it  is,  may  with  peace  abide 
for  ever. 


I 


p.  OVIDII  NASONLS 

FASTORUM 

LIBER  II. 


Janus  habet  finem ;  cum  carmine  crescit  et  annus  : 

Alter  ut  it  mensis,  sic  liber  alter  eat. 
Nunc  primiim  velis,  elegi,  majoribus  itis : 

Exiguum,  memini,  nuper  eratis  opus. 
Certe  ego  vos  habui  faciles  in  amore  ministros,  5 

Cum  lusit  numeris  prima  juventa  suis. 
Idem  sacra  cano,  signataque  tempera  Fastis  : 

Ecquis  ad  haec  illinc  crederet  esse  viam  ? 
Haec  mea  militia  est ;  ferimus,  quae  possumus,  arma  : 

Dextraque  non  omni  munere  nostra  vacat.  10 

Si  mihi  non  valido  torquentur  pila  lacerto, 

Nee  bellatoris  terga  premuntur  equi ; 
Nee  galea  tegimur,  nee  acuto  cingimur  ense : 

(His  habilis  telis  quilibet  esse  potest :) 
At  tua  prosequimur  studioso  pectore,  Caesar,  15 

Nomina  ;  per  titulos  ingredimurque  tuos. 
Ergo  ades,  et  placido  paulum  mea  munera  vultu 

Respice  ;  pacando  siquid  ab  hoste  vacas. 

1.  Janus.     The   month   dedi-  in  which  he  embarked  veils  ma- 

cated  to  Janus,  January.  joribus. 

3.  Velis.  See  i.  1.4.  Elegi.  8.  Ad  heec.  i.  e.  To  treating 
From  the  Greek  Ixiynv,  a  phrase  of  sacred  subjects.  Illinc.  From 
peculiar  to  the  expression  of  sor-  the  object  of  his  earlier  study,  so. 
row  ;  here  elegi  means  merely  the  Ais  Amatoria,  Amores,  §-c. 
elegiac  verses,  hexameter  and  pen-  9.  Militia.  Employment,  ser- 
taraeter.   Itis.    Ite.    Mazar.  as  in  vice. 

Pont.  '  Ite  leves  elegi,'  &c.  10.  Dextraque.   My  right  hand 

4.  Exiguum.     As  much  as  to  is  not  destitute  of  every  skill, 
say  that  the  works  he  had  pre-         14.  His  habilis.     Any  may  be 
viously  written  were  but  trifling,  convcsant  with   such    arms    as 
when  compared  with  the  present,  these, 

f2 


54 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  11. 


FEBRUARIUS. 

Februa  Romani  dixere  piamina  Patres  : 

Nunc  quoque  dant  verbo  plurima  signa  fidem. 
Pontifices  ab  Rege  petiint  et  Flamine  lanas, 

Quels  veteri  lingua  Februa  nomen  erat. 
Quaeque  capit  lictor  domibus  purgamina  tersis, 

Torrida  cum  mica  farra,  vocantur  idem. 
Nomen  idem  ramo,  qui  caesus  ab  arbore  pura. 

Casta  sacerdotum  tempora  fronde  tegit. 
Ipse  ego  Flaminicam  poscentem  februa  vidi ; 

Februa  poscenti  pinea  virga  data  est. 
Denique  quodcunque  est,  quo  pectora  nostra  piamur, 


20 


25 


19.  Februa.  Expiations,  pia- 
mina, were  called,  according  to 
Varro,  in  the  Sabine  tongue,  Fe- 
brua, fromfervere.  Hence  the  se- 
cond month  was  called  February, 
because  it  was  the  time  appointed 
for  the  purifications,  &:c. 

21.  Ab  rege.  From  the  Rex  sa- 
crificulus,  see  supr.  i.  333.  Flamine. 
The  Flamines,  so  called  from  a 
cap  or  fiWei,  filiim  or piZeum,  which 
they  wore  on  their  head,  were  the 
priests  of  particular  deities ;  the 
chief  among  them  was  the  Fla- 
men  Dialis,  mentioned  in  the  text, 
the  priest  of  Jupiter,  who  was 
distinguished  by  a  lictor,  sella  cur- 
uKs,  and  toga  prcelexta,  and  enjoy- 
ed from  his  office  the  privilege  of 
sitting  in  the  senate.  This  situ- 
ation was  one  of  considerable 
dignity,  Maxima:  dignationis  inter 
xr.  flamines.  Fest.  The  dress  of 
the  Flamines  in  general,  consisted 
of  a  purple  robe  called  Icrna,  which 
seems  to  have  been  thrown  over 
their  toga,  and  a  conical  cap  called 
apex.  Lucan.  i.  604.  Lanigeros- 
que  apices.  Virg.  JEneid,  viii.  664. 
Lanas.  When  the  victims  were 
killed,  two  youths,  of  noble  fa- 
milies, touched  their  faces  with  a 
sword  dipped  in  the  blood,  then 
some  of  the  attendants  ran  up, 
and  washed  away  the  stain  with 


a  piece  of  wool  soaked  in  milk. 
Hence  the  name  februa,  i.  e. 
cleansing  or  purifying,  was  given 
to  the  wool,  lana. 

23.  Lictor.  Of  the  Flamen 
Dialis,  called  Flaminius.  Domi- 
bus. The  house  of  the  Flamen 
Dial,  whicli  the  lictor  purified 
with  a  salted  cake.  Torrida  cum 
mica  fa)Ta,  i.  e.  Far  tostum  com- 
minutum,  et  sale  mistum. 

25.  Nomen  idem.  sc.  Februa. 
Ramo.  A  branch  of  the  pine. 
See  infr.  28.  Arbore  pura.  A 
tree  untouched  by  the  axe,  or 
used  for  sacred  purposes.  '  Pura 
la  urea.'  Proper  t. 

27.  Flaminicam.  The  wife  of 
the  Flamen  Dialis.  She  could 
never  be  divorced,  and  if  she 
died,  the  Flamen  resigned  his 
office,  because  he  could  not  per- 
form certain  sacred  rites  without 
her  assistance.  Plutarch  Q.  Pom. 
49. 

28.  Pinea.  Spinpa.  Heins. 
Laurea.  Hamburgr.  The  reading, 
spinea,  is  supported  by  the  im- 
pression known  to  have  been  en- 
tertained by  the  ancients,  that  the 
"  thorn"  had  a  peculiar  charm 
airaiust  evil  of  every  description. 
This  subject  is  alluded  to  more 
fully  in  the  sixth  Book  of  the 
Fasti. 


FEBRUARIUS. 


55 


Hoc  apud  intonsos  nomen  habebat  avos. 
Mensis  ab  his  dictus,  secta  quia  pelle  Luperci 

Omne  solum  lustrant,  idque  piamen  habent ; 
Aut  quia  ])lacatis  sunt  tempora  pura  sepulchris, 

Tunc  ciim  ferales  prastcriere  dies. 
Omne  nefas  omnemque  mali  purgamina  causam 

Credebant  nostri  tollere  posse  senes. 
Graecia  principium  moris  fuit ;  ilia  nocentes 

Impia  lustratos  ponere  facta  putat. 
Actoriden  Peleus,  ipsum  quoque  Pelea  Phoci 


30 


35 


30.  Intonsos.  Unshaven,  used 
here  for  anliquos.  '  Non  ita  Ro- 
muli  Prsescriptum  et  intonsi  Ca- 
tonis  auspiciis.'  Horat.  Od.  ii.  15. 
A  barber  was  tirst  introduced 
into  Rome  by  Ticinius  Alena, 
A.u.  654.  Plin.  N.  H.  vii.  59. 

31.  Mensis.     The  month,  Fe- 
bruary. Ab  his.  sc.    Februis.  Lu- 
perci.    The  priests  of   Pan,  the 
god  of  shepherds ;  so  called  from 
lupus,  a  wolf,  because   Pan  was 
supposed   to    protect    tlie    flocks 
from  wolves.  Serv.  in  Virg.  jEneid, 
viii.  343.    Hence  the  plate  where 
he    was    worshipped,    was    called 
Lupercal,  and    his   festival,    Lu- 
percaiia,    which    was    celebrated 
during  this  month.    See  inf.  333. 
The  Lnpcrci  ran  through  the  city 
naked,  whence  omnesolum  lustrant, 
having  only  a  girdle  of  goats'  skins 
round  their  waist,  and  thongs  of 
the  same  in  their  hands,  secta  pelle, 
with  whicli  they  struck  whomso- 
ever they  met ;  particularly  mar- 
ried women,  who  were  hence  sup- 
posed   to    be    rendered    prolific. 
There  were  three  companies,  so- 
dalitates,    of  the    Luperci ;    two 
ancient,  called  Fabiani  and  Quin- 
tiliani,  (a  Fabio  et  Quintilio  prse- 
positis  suis,    Fest.)    and    a    third 
called  Julii,  in  honour  of  Julius 
Caesar,  over  which    Antony  was 
the  first  to  preside.  See  Cic.  Phil. 
ii.  34,  43.     As  the  Luperci  were 
the  most  ancient  order  of  priests, 
said  to  have   been  instituted  by 


Evander,  Liv.  i.  5,  so  they  con- 
tinued the  longest,  not  having 
been  abolished  until  the  time  of 
Anastasius,  who  died  a.d.  518. 

32.  Idque  piamen  habent.  And 
consider  that,  i.  e.  their  running 
up  and  down  the  city,  an  expia- 
tion. 

33.  Aut  quia  placatis,  ^r.  In 
the  month  of  February  they  not 
only  offered  sacrifices  to  atone  for 
the  living,  but  also  to  expiate  or 
appease  the  dead  :  had  they  ne- 
glected the  latter,  they  believed 
that  the  names  of  the  departed 
would  not  rest  in  their  tombs,  but 
by  wandering  abroad  infect  the 
air  with  pestilence,  &c.  Hence, 
placatis  tempora  pura,  ^c. 

34.  Ferales.  ( A  fcrendis  ad  tu- 
mulum  epulis,  vel  a  ferendis  pe- 
cudibus,  Fest.)  The  Dies  ferales, 
were  the  days  upon  which  the 
sacrifices  and  oblations  for  the 
dead  were  made.  '  Feralia  mune- 
ra.'  Ovid  Trist.  iii.  3,  81.  '  Csena 
feralis,'  Juvenal,  v.  8.3.  See  infr. 
419—456. 

37.  GrcEcia.  The  custom  was 
borrowed  from  the  Greeks.  Ilia. 
sc.  Greece,  thinks  that  the  guilty 
being  purified,  lay  aside,  are  ab- 
solved from,  their  impious  crimes. 

39.  Actoriden.  The  grandson 
of  Actor,  Patroclus,  the  son  of 
Menoetius  by  Sthenele,  called 
also  Philomela,  or  Polymela. 
He  was  obliged  to  fly  from  Opus, 
where  his  father  reigned,  on  ac- 


56 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  II. 


Caede  per  iEmonias  solvit  Acastus  aquas. 
Vectam  frsenatis  per  inane  draconibus  iEgeus 

Credulus  immerita  Phasida  fovit  ope. 
Amphiaraides  Naupactoo  Acheloo, 

'  Solve  neias,'  dixit:  solvit  et  ille  nefas. 
Ah  nimiiim  faciles,  qui  tristia  crimina  caedis 

Fluminea  toUi  posse  putetis  aqua  ! 
Sed  tamen  (antiqui  ne  nescius  ordinis  erres) 


40 


45 


count  of  his  Laving  accidentally 
murdered  Clysonomus,  the  son 
of  Amphidamus,  and  retired  to 
the  court  of  Peleus,  king  of 
Phthia,  father  of  Achilles,  where 
he  was  kindly  received.  The 
sequel  of  his  history  is  well  known. 
Pelea.  King  of  Thessaly,  son  of 
.^acus  and  Endeis,  the  daughter 
of  Chiron.  Having  been  accesso- 
ry to  the  death  of  his  brother 
Phocus,  he  was  obliged  to  leave 
his  father's  dominions,  and  sousfht 
refuge  in  lolchos,  a  town  of  I^Iag- 
uesia  in  Thessaly,  of  which  Acas- 
tus was  then  sovereigrn,  who  pu- 
rified Peleus  of  his  crime  with 
the  usual  ceremonies.  Others 
have  given  a  different  account  of 
the  matter,  for  which  see  Class. 
Die.  Peleus. 

40.  ^monias.  Thessalian ;  so 
called  either  from  Hsemus,  see 
supr.  i.  390,  or  Haemon,  the  son 
of  Deucalion.  Hasmonidas.  Zu- 
lich.   Solvit.   Absolved. 

41.  Per  inane.  Through  the  air. 
J)raconi6!/s.  With  bridled  dragons; 

Siaaxriv  rifiTv,  'isuu-a,  zroXif^ia;  X'i'^' 
Eurip.    Med     1318-1319,     and 

Sckol.  in  loc.    o;^oufiivti  "ioaKOVTUoi; 

K^fiatrt.  Horat.  Epod.  iii.  13.  Hoc 
delibutis  ulta  doiiis  pellicem  Ser- 
pente  fugit  alite.  Seneca  Med. 
i022.  Squamosa  gemini  coUa  ser- 
pentis  jugo  Suinmissa  prajbent. 
jS^geus.  King  of  Athens,  son  of 
Pandion.  He  was  persuaded  by 
Medea  to  promise  her  an  asylum 
in  his  kingdom  after  she  hail  re- 


venged herself  upon  Jason.     Eu- 
rip. Med.  710,  hence  credulus. 

42.  Immerita — ope.  An  aid 
which  she  did  not  deserve,  from 
the  destructive  use  to  which  she 
applied  it.  Phasida.  Medea,  so 
called  from  Phasis,  a  river  of  Col- 
chis, where  she  was  born ;  by 
this  river  the  Argonauts  went  up 
the  country  to  obtain  the  golden 
fleece.  See  Class.  Die.  Medea, 
Jason,  and  ArgonautcB. 

43.  Amphiaraides.  Alcmaeon, 
son  of  the  seer  Amphiaraus;  who, 
concealing  himself  that  he  might 
not  be  obliged  to  accompany  the 
Argives  in  their  expedition  against 
Thebes,  where  he  knew  he  was 
destined  to  perish,  was  betrayed 
by  his  wife  Eriphyle.  She  was 
bribed  by  Polynices,  with  a  gold- 
en necklace,  to  discover  his  re- 
treat, and  Amphiaraus  was  com- 
pelled to  go  to  the  war,  having 
first  charged  his  son  to  revenge 
his  death.  When  Alcmseou  re- 
ceived the  news  of  his  father 
having  fallen,  he  murdered  his 
motlier,  for  which  he  was  perse- 
cuted by  the  Furies  until  purified 
by  the  river  Achelous. 

—  Naupactoo  Acheloo.  A  river 
of  Acarnania,  which  rises  in 
Mount  Pindus,  and  dividing 
^^itolia  from  Acarnania,  falls  into 
the  Sinus  Coriuthiacus.  It  is 
called  Naupactous,  from  Naupac- 
tus,  a  town  of  ^tolia,  which  de- 
rived its  name  from  the  ship- 
building carried  on  there ;  now 
called  Lepanto. 


KAL.  FEB. 


57 


Primus,  ut  est,  Jani  mensis  et  ante  fuit. 
Qui  sequitur  Janum,  veteris  fuit  ultimus  anni : 

Tu  quoque  sacrorum,  Termine,  finis  eras. 
Primus  enim  Jani  mensis,  quia  janua  prima  est : 

Qui  sacer  est  imis  Manibus,  imus  erat. 
Postmodo  creduntur  spatio  distantia  longo 

Tempora  bis  quini  continuasse  Virl. 


50 


KAL.   FEB.  yEDES  SOSPlTiE  DICATA. 

Principio  mensis  Phrygiae  contermina  Matri  55 

Sospita  delubris  dicitur  aucta  novis. 
Nunc  ubi  sint  illis,  quaeris,  sacrata  Kalendis 

Templa  Dea;  ?  longo  procubuere  die. 
Caetera  ne  simili  caderent  labefacta  ruina 

Cavet  sacrati  provida  cura  Ducis  ;  60 

Sub  quo  delubris  sentitur  nulla  senectus  : 


48.  Ante.  Formerly ;  i.  e.  in 
the  time  of  Numa  Pompilius,  for 
the  year  of  Romulus  began  with 
March.    See  i.  39. 

49.  Qui  sequitur  Janum.  Fe- 
bruary was  the  last  month  of  the 
Old  year,  because  the  purifications 
&c.  took  place  in  this  month,  and 
also  the  festival  of  the  god  Ter- 
minus. See  infr.  525. 

51.  Janua.  Over  which  Janus 
presided. 

52.  Imus.  The  last. 

53.  Postmodo  creduntur,  ^'c. 
i.  e.  The  Decemviri  are  supposed 
subsequently  to  have  joined  in 
immediate  succession  the  periods, 
tempora,sc.  January  ^ndFebruarij, 
separated  by  a  considerable  in- 
terval, spatio  distantia  longo,  hav- 
ing in  the  time  of  Numa  been 
considered  the  beginning  and  end- 
ing of  the  year.  It  was  deter- 
mined, A.  U.  299,  by  a  decree  of 
the  senate  and  the  order  of  the 
people,  that  three  ambassadors 
should  be  sent  to  Athens  to  copy 
the  celebrated  code  of  laws  by 
Solon  and  to  examine  the  insti- 
tutions, customs,  and  laws  of  the 
other  states  in  Greece,    £iv,  iii. 


31.  Upon  their  return,  ten  men. 
Decemviri,  were  chosen  from 
among  the  Patricians,  with  su- 
preme power,  and  without  the 
liberty  of  appeal,  to  draw  up  a 
body  of  laws,  legihus  scribendis, 
all  the  other  magistrates  having 
previously  abdicated  their  offices, 
Liv.  iii.  32,  33.  They  made  the 
alteration  in  the  kalendar  men- 
tioned in  the  text. 

55.  Principio.  On  the  kalends 
of  February.  Phri/gice — Matri. 
Cybele.  See  infr.  Fast.  iv.  179, 
et  seq.  Contermina.  Close  to,  sc. 
on  the  Palatine  hill,  where  the 
temple  of  Cybele  stood. 

56.  Sospita.  The  Preserver. 
Juno  was  worshipped  under  this 
title;  from  sospes,  ih.a-u^iii.  Aucta. 
Enriched.  It  does  not  appear  by 
whom  this  temple  was  built. 

57.  Nunc  ubi  sint  illis,  quceris. 
Nunc  ubi  sunt  illis  qua  sunt.  Ursin. 
Patav.  Illis  kalendis.  So  Fast.  iii. 
'  Nonis  sacrata  quod  illis  Templa 
patent,'  and  Fast.  iv.  '  Pinguia 
cur  illis  gustantur  larda  kalendis.' 

5S.  Longo  procubuere  die.  Have 
sunk  to  ruin  through  time. 
60.  Ducis.   Augustus. 


S8 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  II. 


Nee  satis  est  homines,  obligat  ille  Deos. 
Templorum  positor,  templorum  sancte  repostor, 

Sit  Superis,  opto,  mutua  cura  tui. 
Dent  tibi  caelestes,  quot  tu  cselestibus,  annos ; 

Proque  tua  maneant  in  statione  domo. 


65 


LUCARIA. 

TuM  quoque  vicini  lucus  celebratur  Asyli ; 
Qua  petit  aequoreas  advena  Tibris  aquas. 

SACRA  VESTiE  ET  TONANTIS. 


Ad  penetrale  Numae,  Capitolinumque  Tonantem, 
Inque  Jovis  sumnia  cseditur  arce  bidens. 


70 


.  62,  Nee  satis  est  homines,  sc. 
ohligare.  Obligat  ille  Deos.  He 
endears  the  gods  to  him  by  his 
pious  attention. 

63.  Positor.  Founder.  Repostor. 
Refector.  Casaub.  ad  Suet.  Nea- 
pol.  Restorer.  So  Suetonius, 
*  Principes  viros  saepe  hortatus 
est,  ut  pro  facultate  quisque  mo- 
uumentis  vel  novis,  vel  refectis  et 
excultis  Urbem  adornarent ;  mul- 
taque  a  multis  extructa  sunt,'  &c. 
The  taste  of  Augustus  was  no 
less  displayed  in  the  number  and 
magnificence  of  various  other 
besides  sacred  edifices. 

66.  Maneant  in  statione,  i.  e. 
Excubent.  Keep  watch. 

67.  Turn.  On  the  kalends  of 
February.  Tliis  consecrated  grove 
/»cus,  or  asylum,  in  honour  of  which 
the  Lucaria  were  celebrated  by  a 
procession  to  the  place,  lay  be- 
tween the  Via  Salaria  and  the 
Tiber.  By  some  it  is  said  to 
have  been  the  asylum  which  Ro- 
mulus opened,  in  imitation  of  the 
Greeks,  as  a  refuge  from  punish- 
ment for  crime;  by  others,  to  have 
been  the  retreat  to  which  the 
Romans    betook    themselves    in 


their  flight  from  the  Gauls.  Asyli. 
From  Gr.  a  arid  ffvXn.  Helemi. 
Heins.  as  in  Fast.  vi.  '  Adjacet 
antiquus  Tiberino  lucus  Helemi.* 

68.  Advena.  The  Tiber  is  so 
called  because  it  rises  in  the  Apen- 
nines, and  flows  thence  to  Rome. 
Aquas.  The  Tuscan  sea  into 
which  the  Tiber  is  emptied. 

69.  Ad  penetrale  Numce.  The 
temple  of  Vesta,  beside  the  pa- 
lace of  Numa,  «  Ire  dejectum  mo- 
menta Regis  Templaque  Vestae. 
Horat.  Od.  i.  2.  15—16.  Capito- 
linumque Tonantem.  The  temple  of 
Jupiter  Tonans,  built  by  Augus- 
tus in  the  Capitol.  Jovis  summa 
arce.  The  temple  of  Jupiter 
Opt.  Max.  The  Arx  Capitolina 
is  distinguished  also  by  Livy  and 
other  writers  from  the  Capitol. 
Arx  Summa,  x,a.r  llox'")  ^^  Fast. 
vi.  *  Arce  quoque  in  Summa  Ju- 
noni  templa  Monetae.' 

70.  Bidens.  Qu.  Duidens,  or 
from  Biens.  i.  e.  Biennis.  A 
sheep  so  called,  because  at  two 
years  old  it  had  two  of  the  front 
teeth  longer  than  the  rest,  and 
was  then  considered  fit  for  sacri- 
fice. 


QUART.  NON.  FEB.  59 

Saepe  graves  pluvias  adopertus  nubibus  auster 
Concitat,  aut  posita  sub  nive  terra  latet. 

QUART.  NON.  FEB.  OCCIDUNT  LYRA  ET  LEO. 

Proximus  Hesperias  Titan  abiturus  in  undas, 
Gemmea  purpureis  ciim  juga  demit  equis  ; 

Ilia  nocte  aliquis,  toUens  ad  sidera  vultum,  75 

Dicet,  '  Ubi  est  hodie,  quae  Lyra  fulsit  heri  ?' 

Dumque  Lyram  quseret,  medii  quoque  terga  Leonis 
In  liquidas  subito  mersa  notabit  aquas. 

TERT.  NON.  FEB.   OCCIDIT  DELPHIN. 

Q.UEM  modo  caelatum  stellis  Delphina  videbas, 

Is  fugiet  visus  nocte  sequente  tuos.  80 

Seu  fuit  occultis  felix  in  amoribus  index  ; 

Lesbida  cum  domino  seu  tulit  ille  lyram. 
Quod  mare  non  novit,  quae  nescit  Ariona  tellus  ? 

Carmine  currentis  ille  tenebat  aquas. 
Saepe,  sequens  agnam,  lupus  est  hac  voce  retentus  ;  85 

Saepe  avidum  fugiens  restitit  agna  liipum  : 
Saepe  canes  leporesque  umbra  cubuere  sub  una; 

Et  stetit  infestae  proxima  cerva  leae. 
Et  sine  lite  loquax  cum  Palladis  alite  cornix 

71.  Auster.  Qu.  Hauster,  quia  79.  Calatum  stellis.  Studded 
haurit  aquas.  The  south  wind,  en-  with  stars,  of  wliich  there  are 
veloped  in  clouds,  causes  the  hea-  nine  in  tlie  constellation  of  the 
vy  rains.  Hence  called  by  the  Dolphin.  Stella  and  Sidus,  the 
poets  '  nubilus,'  '  humidus,'  '  plu-  oneasingular  starjtheotheracon- 
vius,' 'udus,' 'imbrifer.'  stellation,    differ    in   this   respect 

73.  Proximus,  §-c.  On  the  like  atrrri^  and  airr^ov.  So  Suiiias, 
evening  of  the  second  of  February,  aa-rri^  affT^au  ^latpi^u,  i /ih  rla-Tr,g 
Titan,   The  sun.  s»  n  'iim,   to   Si   arr^cv    Ik   -sroWZt 

74.  Gemmea-juga.  The  jew-  o-i/veo-tjixsv.  Delphina.  See  i.  407. 
elled  collars.  80.  Fwjiet  visus.   Shall  set. 

77.  Dumque  Lyram  quaret. —  81.   Seu  fuit,  Sfc.     See  i.  407. 

Lyra  and    Leo  both  set    on  the  sub.  tin. 

fourth  of  the  Nones,  the   second  82.    Cum  domino.  With  Arion 

of   February,     but    Leo    in  the  who  was   born  ia  Methymna   a 

morning  and  Lyra  in  the  evening,  town  of  Lesbos. 

Medii  quoque  terga.  Thehmdmost  89.  Et  sine  lite.     Because    the 

half,  for  the  foremost  had  already  crow  and  the  owl,  Palladis  alei, 

set.  i.  591.     Constellations,  con-  so  called  from  being  sacred  to  Mi- 

sisting  of  a  number  of  widely  scat-  nerva,  are  generally  at  variance, 

tered  stars,  set  gradually.  .iElian,  Hist.  Animal,  iii.  9. 


60 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  II. 


Sedlt ;  et  accipitri  juncta  columba  fuit.  90 

Cynthia  saepe  tuis  fertur,  vocalis  Arion, 

Tanqiiam  fraternis  obstupuisse  modis. 
Nonien  Arionium  Siculas  impleverat  urbes, 

Captaque  erat  Ij'ricis  Ausonis  ora  sonis. 
Inde  domum  repetens  puppim  conscendit  Arion,  95 

Atqiie  ita  quaesitas  arte  ferebat  opes. 
Forsitan,  infelix,  ventos  undamque  timebas ; 

At  tibi  nave  tna  tutius  aequor  erat. 
Namque  gubernator  destricto  constitit  ense, 

Caeteraque  armata  conscia  turba  manvi.  100 

Quid  tibi  cum  gladio  ?  dubiam  rege,  navita,  pinum  ; 

Non  sunt  haec  digit  is  arma  tenenda  tuis. 
Ille  metu  vacuus,  '  Mortem  non  deprecor,'  inquit : 

*  Sed  liceat  sumpta  pauca  referre  lyra.' 
Dant  veniam,  ridentque  moram  :  capit  ille  coronam,      105 

Quae  possit  crines,  Phoebe,  decere  tuos. 
Induerat  Tyrio  bis  tinctam  murice  pallam  : 

Reddidit  icta  suos  poUice  chorda  sonos. 
Flebilibus  veluti  numeris  canentia  dura 

Trajectus  penna  tempora  cantat  olor.  110 


91.  CyntJiia.  Diana,  so  called 
from  Cyntlius,  a  mountain  of  De- 
los,  so  high  as  to  overshadow  the 
whole  island.  On  it  Latonagave 
birth  to  Apollo  and  Diana. 

92.  Fraternix-modis.  At  the 
melodious  strains  of  her  brother 
Apollo. 

93.  Nomen  Arionium,  &cc. 
Arion's  fame  had  spread  through 
the  Sicilian  cities,  and  Italy  was 
charmed  with  his  lyric  minstrelsy. 

94.  Ausonis  ora.  Italy,  so 
called  from  Auson,  son  of  Ulysses 
and  Calypso,  from  whom  the  Au- 
sones,  a  people  of  Italy,  des- 
cended. 

95.  Puppim.  A  Corinthian 
vessel. 

96.  Qucrsitas  arte  opes.  The 
wealth  acquired  by  his  musical 
skilL 

101.  Quid  tibi,  Sfc.  The  poet 
apostrophises  the  lielmsman. — 
Dubiam  pinum.  The  frail  bark. 

105.  Ridentque  moram.     Ridi- 


cule the  nature  of  the  respite  he 
required. 

107.  Tijrio  bis  tinctam  murice. 
The  Dibaphri,  from  Gr.  ?<;  and 
(SscOTTs/,  to  df/e  twice.  Tyre  was  fa- 
mous for  the  brilliancy  of  its  purple 
dye,  which  was  said  to  be  obtained 
from  the  juice  of  a  sliell-fish,  mu- 
rex.  Pallam.  Properlv  the  outer 
robe  of  a  woman,  <  Pallam  sig- 
nis  auroque  rigentem,  Et  circum- 
textum  croceo  velamen  acantho, 
Ornatus  Argivae  Helen».'  Virg. 
^neid,  i.  648 ;  but  it  was  worn 
also  by  musicians  and  actors. 
Suet.  Calig.  54.  Ovid.  Art.  Amat. 
iii.  1-I-2;  derived  either  from 
■aaXXu),  or  quod  palam  et  /oris 
yerebatur,  Varr.  L.  L.  iv.  30. 

108.  Sues  sonos.  Its  harmoni- 
ous tones. 

1 10.  Trajectus  penna,  §"c.  '  As 
the  swan  chants  its  mournful 
numbers  having  its  grey  temples 
pierced  by  the  cruel  feathered 
dart.'    According  to  some  com- 


PRID.  NON.  FEB. 


61 


Protinus  in  medias  ornatus  desilit  undas  : 

Spargitur  impulsa  caerula  puppis  aqua- 
Inde  (fide  majus)  tergo  Delphina  recurvo 

Se  memorant  oneri  supposuisse  novo. 
Ille  sedens  citharamque  tenet,  pretiumque  vehendi 

Cantat,  et  aequoreas  carmine  mulcet  aquas. 
Di  pia  facta  vident ;  astris  Delphina  recepit 

Jupiter,  et  Stellas  jussit  habere  novem. 


115 


PRID.  NON,  FEB.  AUGUSTUS  CJESAR  PATER 
PATRIAE  DICTUS. 

Nunc  mihi  mille  sonos,  quoque  est  memoratus  Achilles, 
Vellem,  Maeonide,  pectus  inesse  tuum,  120 

Dum  canimus  sacras  alterno  pectine  Nonas  ; 
Maximus  hinc  Fastis  accumulatur  honos. 


mentators,  the  penna  should  be 
understood  of  a  quill,  which  is 
said  to  be  found  sometimes  driven 
into  the  brain  of  aged  swans.  If 
the  distich  is  genuine  at  all,  the 
former  appears  to  be  the  less  fan- 
ciful interpretation. 

That  eagle's  fate  and  mine  are  one, 
Which  on  the  shaft  that  made  him  die, 
Espy'd  a  feather  of  his  own, 
Wherewith  he  wont  to  soar  on  high. 
Waller. 

111.  Ornatus.  Equipped,  sc. 
Palla  purpurea. 

113.  Inde.  Forthwith.  Fide 
majus.  Beyond  belief.  Tergo,  §-c. 
Tliey  say  that  the  Dolphin,  with 
arched  back,  placed  himself  be- 
neath the  unwonted  burden.  To 
this  Propertius  alludes,  ii.  Eleg. 
25.  '  Sed  tibi  subsidio  Delphinum 
currere  vidi,  Qui  puto  Arioniam 
vexerat  ante  lyram.' 

113.  Ille  sedens,  §-c.  He,  seated, 
holds  the  harp,  and  in  requital  for 
his  carriage  sings,  and  sooths 
with  song  the  waters  of  the  deep. 
Citharam,  Gr.  xi9a,^a,  from  xmh 
ro  i^av,  quia  movet  amorem. 

117.  Di  pia  facta  vident.  The 
gods  regard  deeds  of  mercv. 

119.  Nunc  mihi,  ^c.    Would  I 


bad  now  a  thousand  tongues  and 
your  genius,  Homer,  by  which 
Achilles  has  been  handed  down 
to  fame  !  Pectus.  So  Gr.  ipjsvsf, 
means  prcecordia  or  prudentia. 

120.  Maonide.  Homer,  so  called 
from  Maeonia,  a  town  of  Lydia, 
at  the  foot  of  Mount  Tmolus, 
where  he  is  supposed  to  have 
been  born,  or  according  to  others, 
from  his  father  Ma;on. 

121.  Dum  canimus,  Sfc.  While 
with  alternate  quill  we  celebrate 
in  song  the  hallowed  nones.  Sa 
eras.  Conseci'ated  by  public  con- 
sent, Augustus  having  received 
on  this  day  the  title,  Pater  Pa- 
triae. Sueton,  ii.  58.  This  occur- 
red A.  D.  758,  seven  years  after 
his  thirteenth  consulate.  Alterno, 
sc.  In  elegiac  verse.  Pectine.  Pec- 
ten,  called  also  plectrum,  the  quill 
with  which  stringed  instruments, 
especially  wire-strung,  were  play- 
ed. It  is  still  used  abroad  with 
the  mandolin.  Nonas.  The  nones 
were  not  always  so  distinguished, 
see.  i.  57. 

122.  Maximus,  §-c.  Hence  the 
greatest  share  of  glory  is  lieaped 
upon  the  Fasti,  sc.  by  their  re- 
cording the  praises  of  Augustus 

G 


62 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  II. 


Deficit  ingenium,  majoraque  viribus  urgent ; 

Haec  mihi  praecipiio  est  ore  canenda  dies. 
Quid  volui  demens  elegis  imponere  tantum 

Ponderis  ?  heroi  res  erat  ista  pedis. 
Sancte  Pater  Patriae ;  tibi  Plebs,  tibi  Curia  nomen 

Hoc  dedit,  hoc  dedimus  nos  tibi  nomen  Eques. 
lies  tamen  ante  dedit,  sero  quoque  vera  tulisti 

Nomina  ;  jam  pridem  tu  Pater  orbis  eras. 
Hoc  tu  per  terras,  quod  in  a^there  Jupiter  alto, 

Nomen  habes ;  liominum  tu  Pater,  ille  Deurn. 
llomule,  concedas  ;  facit  hie  tua  magna  tuendo 


12; 


130 


and  the  rites  ordained  on  his  ac-  have  been   anxious  to  be  called 

count.  Romulus,   tliat  lie  mitrlit  be  con- 

123.  Deficit  ingenium.    So  Ho-  sidered  the  second  founder  of  the 

race,  '  Cupidum,  pater  optime  vi 


res  deficiunt.'  Sat.  ii.  1.  12.  Ma- 
joraque viribus.  Too  great  for  ray 
ability. 

124.  Prcecipuo  ore.  In  a  dis- 
tinguished strain. 

125.  Elegis.  Because  from  their 
nature  unsuited  to  the  grandeur 
of  epic  poetry. 

126.  Heroi,  §-c.  Which  was  a 
subject  for  heroic  measure,  sc. 
hexameter  verse. 

\21.  Pater  Patrice.  This  title 
■was  first  conferred  upon  Cicero 
by  the  senate,  either  by  the  ad- 
vice of  Cato,  Appian.  B.  Civ. 
ii.  431,  or  of  Catulus,  Cic.  Pison, 
3,  after  his  suppression  of  Cati- 
line's conspiracy ;  '  Roma  patreni 
Patriae  Ciceronem  libera  dixit.' 
Juvenal,  viii.  244.  It  was  next 
decreed  to  Julius  Cajsar,  Suet.  76, 
some  of  whose  coins  are  still  ex- 
tant with  the  inscription.  Cicero 
proposed  that  it  should  be  given 
to  Augustus,  while  yet  very  voung, 
Phil.  xiii.  11.  The  title,' Pater 
Patriae,  denoted  chiefly  the  pater- 
nal affection  which  it  was  incum- 
bent on  the  emperors  to  entertain 
towards  their  subjects;  and  also 
that  power  which,  by  the  Roman 
law,  a  father  could  exercise  over 
his  children.  Dio.  liii.  18.  Senec. 
Clem.  i.  14.  Augustus  is  said  to 


city  ;  see  supr.  63,  but  he  gave 
up  tlie  idea  lest  he  should  be  sus- 
pected of  airaiiijj  at  sovereign, 
power;  Dio.  liii.  16  ;  and  accepted 
the  title  Augustus,  which  was 
proposed  in  the  senate  to  be  con- 
ferred upon  him  by  Munatius 
Plancus  ;  Suet.  Aug.  7.  Servius 
says  that  Virgil  in  allusion  to  the 
desire  mentioned  above,  describes 
him  under  the  name  of  Quirinus. 
jEneid,  i.  296.  Georg.  ill  27. 
Curia.  The  Senate,  so  called 
from  their  place  of  meeting.  An- 
ciently there  were  only  three 
places  where  tlie  Senate  used  to 
be  convened,  Curice  or  Senacula ; 
two  within  the  city,  and  the  tem- 
ple of  Bellona  outside  it.  After- 
wards the  number  was  increased, 
and  they  assembled  in  the  temples 
of  Jupiter  Stator,  Apollo,  Mars,  &c. 
The  Curice  were  consecrated  as 
temples  by  the  augurs,  but  not  to 
any  particular  deity. 

128.  Eques.  The  Equestrian 
order  to  which  Ovid  belonged, 
nos  dedimus,  ^'c. 

129.  Res  tamen,  ^c.  Reality 
however,  conferred  the  title  pre- 
viously, i.  e.  Augustus  was  in  fact 
deserving  of  the  appellation  before 
it  was  publicly  bestowed. 

130.  Orbis.   Urbis.  Heins. 

1 33.  Concedas.  Give  way,  ac- 
knowledge your  inferiority. 


PRID.  NON.  FEB. 


63 


Mcenia  ;  tu  dederas  transilienda  Remo. 
Te  Tatius,  parviqiie  Cures,  Caeninaque  sensit ; 

Hoc  duce,  Ronianum  est  solis  iitrumque  latus. 
Tu  breve  nescio  quid  victa?  telluris  habebas  ; 

Quodcunque  est  alto  suo  Jove,  Caesar  habet. 
Tu  rapis  ;  hie  castas,  Duce  se,  jubet  esse  maritas  : 

Tu  recipis  luco,  submovet  ille  nefas. 
Vis  tibi  grata  fuit ;  florent  sub  Caesare  leges  : 

134.  Tu  dederas  iransilienda 
Remo.  You  left  them  liable  to  be 
vaulted  over  by  Remus.  See 
Fast.  iii.  70. 

135.  Te  Tatius,  Sfc.  The  con- 
quests of  Romulus  were  confined 
to  the  countries  adjacent  to  Rome. 
He  overthrew  the  Sabines,  Csenin- 
enses;  whose  king  Acron  he  slew 
and  obtained  the  first  spolia  op im a ; 
Antenates,  and  Veientes.  At  his 
death,  however,  the  empire  was 
bounded  by  eighteen  miles  dis- 
tance from  the  city.  Tatius.  King 
of  the  Sabines  ;  afterwards  joint 
sovereign  with  Romulus.  Virg. 
j^ueid,  viii.  639.  Cures.  An  in- 
considerable town  of  the  Sabines; 
the  birth  place  of  Numa;  '  Curi- 
bus  parvis  et  paupere  terra  Missus 
in  impcrium  magnum.'  Virg. 
jEneid,  vi.  812.  Canina,  A 
town  of  the  Sabines, 

136.  Hoc  duce.  Augustus;  see 
Virg.  jEneid,  vi.  725.  The  limits 
which  he  set  to  the  Roman  em- 
pire, and  which  in  his  will  he  ad- 
vised his  successors  not  to  exceed, 
Tacit.  Ann.  i.  1 1.  Dio.  Ivi.  33, 41, 
were  the  Atlantic  ocean  on  the 
west,  and  the  Euphrates  on  the 
east ;  on  the  north  the  Danube 
and  the  Rhine ;  and  on  the  south, 
the  cataracts  of  the  Nile,  and  the 
desarts  of  Africa  and  Mount  At- 
las ;  including  the  whole  Medi- 
teranean  sea,  and  the  best  part  of 
the  then  known  world,  so  that 
the  Romans  were  not  without 
foundation  called  '  Rerum  donii- 
ni,'  Virg.  ^neid,  i.  282,  and 
Rome  itself,  '  Lux  orbis  terrarum, 


135 


140 


atque  arx  omnium  gentium.'  Cic. 
Cat.  iv.  6.  '  Septem  urbs  altu 
jugis  quse  toti  praesidet  orbi.' — 
Prupert  ii.  11. 57.  Utr unique  latus. 
The  eastern  and  western  hemis- 
phere. 

137.  Tu,  Romulus.  VictaTd- 
luris.  supr.  135. 

139.  Rapis.  See  i=as<.  iii.  197, 
Castas-esse  maritas.  In  the  later 
period  of  the  Roman  Republic 
the  same  liberty  of  divorce  was 
exercised  by  the  women  as  by  the 
men.  Some  think  that  this  pri- 
vilege was  permitted  them  by  the 
law  of  the  Twelve  Tables,  in 
imitation  of  the  Athenians,  Plu- 
tarch, in  Alcibiad.  It  would  ap- 
pear otherwise,  however,  as  they 
ccjuld  not  exercise  this  right  even 
in  the  time  of  Plautus ;  Mercut. 
iv.  6,  except  so  far  as  that  a  wo- 
man, when  her  husband  was  ab- 
sent for  a  certain  time,  might 
liave  been  at  liberty  to  marry 
another.  Plant.  Stick,  i.  I.  29. 
Afterwards  some  women  deserted 
their  husbands  so  frequently,  that 
Seneca  says  they  reckoned  their 
years  not  from  the  number  of 
consuls,  but  of  husbands.  Da 
Benef.  iii.  16.  So,  Juvenal; 
'  Fiunt  octo  mariti  quinque  per 
autumnos,'  vi.  228.  Martial, 
vi.  7,  often  without  any  just 
cause,  Cic.  Fain.  viii.  7.  Augus- 
tus is  said  to  have  restricted  this 
license  of  Bona  gratia  divorces 
as  they  are  called.  Suet.  Aug.  34, 
hence  castas,  &;c. 

140.  Luco.  Alluding  to  the 
Asylum  opened  by  Romulus;  see 


64 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  II. 


Tu  Domini  nomen,  Principis  ille  tenet. 
Te  Remus  incusat ;  veniam  dedit  hostibus  ille 
Caelestem  fecit  te  Pater  ;  ille  Patrem. 


AQUARIUS  ORITUR. 

Jam  puer  Tdaeus  media  tenus  eminet  alvo 
Et  liquidas  misto  nectare  fundit  aquas. 
En  etiam,  si  quis  borean  horrere  solebat, 


145 


supr.N. 67.  Siibmovetillenefas.  So 
Horace,  '  Evaganti  fraena  licentise 
Injecit,  amovitque  culpas,  Et  ve- 
teres  revocavit  artes.'  Od.  iv.  15. 

142.  Domini.  Augustus  would 
not  allow  himself  to  be  called 
Dominus,  Suet.  53.  nor  Tiberius, 
Id.  27,  because  that  word  proper- 
ly signifies  a  master  of  slaves,  qui 
domi  prcEcst  vel  imperat;  Ter.Kun. 
ill.  2,  33.  Dio.  liii.  44.  Principis. 
i.  6.  Princeps  Senatus ,-  Irapera- 
tor,  Id.  xliii.  44,  Caesar,  Id.  xlvi. 
47,  were  among  the  titles  con- 
ferred upon  Augustus. 

144.  Pater.  Mars,  the  reputed 
father  of  Romulus.  The  poet 
means  to  say  that  Romulus  was 
ranked  among  the  deities  on  his 
father's  account,  whereas  Augus- 
tus ccelestem  fecit  patrem,  caused 
his  father,  so.  by  adoption,  .Julius 
Caesar,  to  be  ranked  among  the 
gods  and  paid  him  divine  honours. 

145.  Puer  Idaus.  Ganymede, 
son  of  Tros,  king  of  the  Tro- 
jans, While  hunting  on  Mount 
Ida  in  Phrya'ia  he  was  carried  up 
to  heaven  by  Jove's  eatfle,  Virg. 
.Mneid,  v.  254.  Horat.  Od.  iv.  4, 
1.  et  seq.  where  he  took  the  place 
of  Hebe  as  cup  bearer  to  the 
gods.  ApoUonius  assarts  that  he 
was  raised  to  this  dignity  on  ac- 
count of  the  remarkable  beauty 
of  his  person,  Argonaut,  iii. ;  Xe- 
nophon  and  others  attribute  iiis 
elevation  to  his  mental  endow- 
ments, Xen.  in  Si/mpos.  Accord- 
ingly his   name   may  be  derived 


either  from  Gr.  yawf/.!,  gaudeo,  or 
ayav  and  vu,  intens.  tiwA  /jiln^n;,  con- 
silium. Ganymede  was  enrolled 
among  the  signs  of  the  Zodiac 
under  the  title  of  Aquarius.  For 
an  explanation  of  the  probable 
import  of  the  fable  regarding 
Ganymede,  see  Cic.  Tusc.  Disp. 
iii.  Media  tenus-alvo.  Rises  to 
the  waist. 

\46.£t liquidas.  So  Virg.  'Ex- 
tremoque  irrorat  Aquarius  anno.' 
Georg.  iii.  304.  '  Inversum  con- 
tristat  Aquarius  annum.'  Horat. 
Sat.  i.  1.  36. 

'  And  fierce  Aquarius  stains  the  inverted 
year.' — Thomson's  Winter. 

l47.  Borean.  Gr.  /Soosaj.  The 
north  wind,  called  by  the  Latins 
Aquilo.  Boreas  was  personified 
by  the  poets,  some  of  whom  make 
him  the  son  of  Astracus  and  Au- 
rora, others  the  son  of  the  river 
Strymon.  He  carried  away  Ori- 
thj-ia,  daughter  of  Erectheus  king 
of  Athens,  of  whom  he  became 
enamoured,  having  seen  her  ga- 
thering flowers  on  the  banks  of 
the  river  C!ephisu«,  and  brought 
her  to  Thrace,  where  he  dwelt  ia 
a  cave ; 
"Hfiivo;  i-^>jX?f   Ko^ulpyjs   'i'ri  QeriiKo; 

A'l[j,ou. 
&ovpo;  "Apv;  \<pv\aff<Ti  evi  UTiffi,  t/u 

"TE,Tra.[jLu^ou  Booiaa  va^oc  trTios  y>u\i- 

^OVTO. 

Callimach.  in  Lavacr.  Del. 
He  had  by  Oritliyia  two  sons, 
Zetes  and  Calais,  who  joined  the 


PRID.  NON.  FEB. 


65 


Gaudeat ;  a  zepliyris  mollioi-  aura  venit. 
Quintus  ab  aequoreis  nitidum  jubar  extulit  undis 

Lucifer,  et  primi  tem})ora  veris  eunt. 
Ne  fallare  tamen  ;  restant  tibi  frigora,  restant : 

Magnaque  discedens  signa  relinquit  hiems. 
Tertia  nox  veniat :  Custodem  protinus  Ursa^ 

Adspicies  geminos  exseruisse  pedes. 
Inter  Hamadryadas,  jaculatricemque  Dianam, 


150 


155 


Argonatus  in  their  expedition  to 
Colchos. 

148.  Zephyris.  Derived  from  Gr. 
^aihf  (P'.^iiv,  vitam  ferre.  The  west 
wind ;  the  Favonius  of  the  La- 
tins. According  to  the  poets,  Ze- 
phyrus  was  the  son  of  Astrseus 
and  Aurora.  He  married  a  nymph 
called  Chloris  or  Flora,  by  wliom 
he  had  a  son  called  Carpos. 
Flowers  and  Fruits  are  said  to 
have  been  produced  by  the  genial 
softness  and  sweetness  of  his 
breath.  He  is  also  described  as 
the  harbinger  of  spring  and  love  ; 
'  It  ver,  et  Venus,  et  Veueris 
praenuntius  ante,  Pennatusgradi- 
tur  Zephyrus  vestigia  propter.' 
Lucret. 

'  When  first  the  soul  of  love  is  sent  abroad, 
Warm  thro'  the  vital  air,  and  on  the  heart 
Harmonious  seizes. 

Thorn.  Spring.  579. 
Mollior  aura. 

'  Forth  fly  the  tepid  airs;  and  unconfin'd. 
Unbinding   eiirth,  the   moving   softness 
strays.' 

Id.  Spring,  32. 

Mitior  aura,  A\. 

149.  Quintus.  On  the  fifth  of 
the  ides,  the  ninth  of  February. 

loO.  Lucifer.  Gr.  *<i«r^«^«f. 
The  planet  Venus,  or  morning 
star ;  called  Hesperus,  when  it 
appears  after  sunset  in  the  west. 
According  to  some  mythologists, 
Lucifer  was  the  son  of  Jupiter 
and  Aurora.  \n  the  text,  Lucifer 
stands  for  dies.  Quintus  uhi  cequo- 
reisnitidum  jubar  e.teritaquis  Cyn- 
thius,  en  primi  tcmpura  veris  eunt. 
Heins. 


151.  Restant  tibi  frigora. 

'  As  yet  the  trembling  year  is  unconfirm'd. 
And  winter  oft  at  eve  resumes  the  breeze. 
Chills  the  pale  morn,  and  bids  the  driving 

sleets 
Deform  the  day  delightless.' — 

Thomson's  Spring,  18. 

153.  Tertia  nox.  The  third  of 
the  ides.  Custodem-Ursa:.  Arc- 
tophylax,  from  Gr.  a^y.my  (puXdr- 
Tiit,  quia  Arcton  vel  ursam  custo- 
dit,  or  Bootes,  a  constellation 
into  which  Areas,  the  son  of  Ju- 
piter and  Callisto,  was  changed. 

1 54.  Geminos  exseruisse  pedes. 
Consequently  on  the  third  of  the 
ides,  Arcturus,  between  the  legs 
of  Bootes,  becomes  visible.  It 
is  a  star  of  the  first  magnitude, 
near  the  tail  of  Ursa  Major, 
whence  the  name  Arcturus  is  de- 
rived, from  Gr.  cc^ktos,  ursa,  and 
ol^ec,  Cauda. 

155.  Hamadryadas.  From  the 
Greek,  a^a,  simul,  and  S^t/,-,  quer- 
cus.  Nymphs  who  presided  over 
trees,  with  which  they  were  said 
to  live  and  die.  It  is  reported  of 
Areas,  see  supr.  153,  that  while 
engaged  in  the  chace,  he  found  a 
Hamadryad  in  danger  of  perishing, 
in  consequence  of  the  tree  which 
she  inhabited  being  nearly  carried 
away  by  the  violent  current  of  a 
river.  Areas  changed  its  course, 
and  the  nymph,  Prospelea,  grate- 
ful for  her  safety,  married  her  de- 
liverer, and  bore  him  two  sons, 
Elatusand  Aphidas.  Jucidatricein 
'lo;yiai'>'xi.    Honi. 

g2 


66 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  II. 


Callisto  sacri  pars  fuit  una  chori. 
Signa  propinqua  micant.    Prior  est,  quam  diclmus  Arcton  : 

Arctophylax  formam  terga  sequentis  liabet. 
Saevit  adhuc,  canamque  rogat  Saturnia  Tethyn, 

Maenaliam  tactis  ne  lavet  Arcton  aquis.  160 

Idibus  agrestis  fumant  altaria  Fauni, 

Hie  ubi  discretas  insula  rumpit  aquas. 


156.  Callisto,  Daughter  of  Ly- 
caon,  king  of  Ai-cadia.  See  infr. 
N.  157.  Pars  una.  One,  i.  e.  Cal- 
listo was  one  of  the  sacred  band 
consisting  of  Hamadryad?,  and 
their  leader,  the  arclieress  Diana. 

157.  Signa.  The  constellations 
Arctophylax  and  Arctus,or  Great 
Bear.  Callisto  was  changed  into 
a  bear  by  Juno  who  was  jealous 
of  her  having  attracted  the  at- 
tention of  Jupiter  by  her  singular 
Leauty.  While  in  this  form  on 
earth  she  was  near  being  killed  by 
her  son  Areas,  who  met  her  when 
hunting  in  the  woods ;  Jupiter 
then  placed  her  as  a  constellation 
in  the  heavens.  Propinqua  mi- 
cant.  Shine  close  to  each  other. 

159.  ScEvit  adhuc.  She,  sc. 
Saturnia,  is  still  incensed.  So 
Virgil,  •  Sffivas  memorem  Junonis 
ob  iram.'  j^neid,  i.  4.  Canam- 
gue — Tethyn.  Tethys  was  the 
daughter  of  Uranus  and  Terra, 
and  wife  of  Oceanus.  She  was 
considered  the  mother  of  the 
deities,  hence,  canam  and  Oceanus 
the  father  'ilKtaviv  n,  hcHv  yimiriv, 
x.at  fji-nri^a.  Tfifvv.  Iliad,  xiv.  302. 

160.  McEnaliam.  From  Msena- 
lus  a  mountain  of  Arcadia  where 
Callisto  was  born.  Ne  lavet.  So 
Virgil, '  Arctos  Oceani  metuentes 
ajquore  tingi.'   Georg.  i.  246. 

"A^KTov  6\  riti   xcu  a,fJLa\a,t  IwiKXufiv 

xaXiDVifiv, 
'  Ht'  auTOU  (TT^KpiTCCI,  KCU  7"'  'iloiuyx 


O'/jj  3'  af/,fi./>po;  iffri  Xotr^uv  UKtavoio- 
Iliad  xviii.  487. 

161.  Idibus.  On  the  ides,  the 
thirteenth  of  February,  sacrifices 
were  offered  to  Faunus,  during 
the  festival  Faunalia.  Faunus  was 
the  son  of  Picus  and  grandson  of 
Saturn  ;  see  Virg.  ^neid,  vii. 
48.  He  is  said  to  have  reigned  in 
Italy  B.C.  1300,  and  was  cele- 
brated for  his  wisdom  and  prophe- 
tical skill ;  he  was  worshipped  as 
a  deity  after  his  decease,  and  con- 
sulted for  oracles ;  Virg.  JEneid, 
vii.  81,  et  seq.  He  built  a  temple 
in  honour  of  Pan  at  the  foot  of 
the  Palatine  hill.  He  is  frequent- 
ly called  Sylvanus,  and  is  by  some 
supposed  to  be  the  same  with  Pan; 
see  infr.  236. 

162.  Insula.  See  i.  292.  The 
Tiberina  Insula  Sacra,  an  island 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Tiber  formed 
by  its  being  divided  into  two 
branches;  discretas  rumpit  aquas  ; 
consecrated  to  iEsculapius,  who 
in  the  form  of  a  serpent  came 
from  Epidaurus,  and  was  wor- 
shipped as  a  deity,  after  he  had 
landed  upon  it.  It  was  formed 
according  to  Livy,  by  heaps  of 
straw  having  been  thrown  into 
the  river  from  the  fields  of  Tar- 
quin,  which  settling  there,  and 
becoming  firm  and  solid  from  the 
rapid  accumulation  of  other  mat- 
ter, afforded  a  foundation  for 
temples  and  porticoes. 


FABIORUM  C^DES. 


61 


FABIORUM  C^DES. 


HiEC  fuit  ilia  dies,  in  qua  Veientibus  arvis 

Ter  centum  Fabii,  ter  cecidere  duo. 
Una  domus  vires  et  onus  susceperat  Urbis  ; 

Sumunt  gentiles  arma  professa  manus. 
Egreditur  castris  miles  generosus  ab  isdera, 

E  quels  dux  fieri  quilibet  aptus  erat ; 
Carmentis  portal  dextro  via  proxima  Jano  est : 

Ire  per  banc  noli,  quisquis  es  ;  omen  habet. 
[Ilia  fama  refert  Fabios  exisse  trecentos  : 

Porta  vacat  culpa  ;  sed  tamen  omen  habet.] 
Ut  celeri  passu  Cremeram  tetigere  rapacem. 


165 


170 


1G3,  HcEcfuit  ilia  dies.  Ovid 
mentions  the  ides  of  Feb.  as  the 
day  upon  which  the  calamitous 
destruction  of  the  Fabii  occurred  ; 
Livy  writes  as  follows,  '  Turn  de 
diebus  religiosis  agitari  cseptum, 
diemque  ad  xv  kalendas  Sex  tiles, 
duplici  clade  insignem,  quo  die  ad 
Cremeram  Fabii  ccesi,  quo  deinde 
ad  Alliam  cum  exitio  urbis  (cede 
pugnatum,  a  postcriore  clade  Al- 
liensem  appellarunt,  &c.  Lib.  iv. 
sub.  init.  Veientibus.  Veii  was 
a  city  of  Etruria,  the  constant 
and  powerful  rival  of  Rome,  si- 
tuated on  a  steep  and  lofty  rock. 
It  was  taken  after  a  siege  of  ten 
years  by  Camillus. 

16-4.  Fabii.  A  noble  and  nu- 
merous family  at  Rome,  so  called 
from  faba,  because  some  of  their 
ancestors  had  extensively  culti- 
vated pulse.  They  were  said  to 
be  descended  from  Fabius,  a  sup- 
posed son  of  Hercules  by  an  Ita- 
lian or  Arcadian  nymph.  They 
took  upon  themselves  to  carry  on 
the  war  against  the  Veientes, 
and  after  considerable  successes 
were  at  length  surprised,  and  in  a 
general  engagement  near  the  Cre- 
mera  the  whole  family,  with  oue 
exception,  consisting  of  306  meu 


were  slain,    B.  C.    477.     Liv,  ii. 
46. 

165.  Vires  et  onus.  Because 
the  Republic  was  in  need  both 
of  money  and  men,  and  the  Fa- 
bii, utta  domus,  undertook  to  sup- 
ply both  of  themselves. 

166.  Sumunt  gentiles,  ^c.  The 
hands  of  a  family,  or  clan,  take  up 
the  arms  pledtred  to  their  coun- 
try's safety,  ar ma  professa.  Forcel. 

169.  Carmentis  porta,  Sfc.  The 
passage  of  the  gate  Carmenta  is 
ne.xt  to  the  temple  of  Janus  which 
is  on  the  right  hand,  i.e.  of  those 
going  out  of  the  city.  Carmmti. 
Ursin.  Mazar.  Zulich.  The  Por- 
ta Carmentalis  used  to  be  called 
Veientina,  and  Tarpeia,  from  its 
vicinity  to  the  Capitol.  After 
the  destruction  of  the  Fabii  it  was 
always  called  Scelerata. 

170.  Omen.  sc.  malum.  It  is 
unlucky.  Quisquis  es  ;  omen  liab. 
Qucefera  nomen  hab.  Ursin. 

173.  Cremeram.  A  river  of 
Tuscany,  falling  into  the  Tiber, 
a  little  to  the  north  of  Rome, 
and  not  far  from  Veii.  Rapacem. 
sc.  Rapidam,  because  of  its  being 
swollen  by  the  winter  rains.  Te- 
tigere. Teiiuere.  Al.  see  Fast.  iii. 
217, 


68 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  II. 


(Turbidus  hibernis  ille  fluebat  aquis) 
Castra  loco  ponunt :  destrictis  ensibus  ipsi  175 

Tyrrhenum  valido  marte  per  agmen  eunt. 
Non  aliter,  quam  cum  Libyca  de  rupe  leones 

Invadunt  sparsos  lata  per  arva  greges. 
Diffugiunt  hostes,  inhonestaque  vulnera  tergo 

Accipiunt ;  Tusco  sanguine  terra  rubet.  180 

Sic  iterum,  sic  saepe  cadunt.     Ubi  vincere  aperte 

Non  datur,  insidias  armaque  caeca  parant. 
Campus  erat ;  campi  claudebant  ultima  colles, 

Silvaque  montanas  occulere  apta  feras. 
In  medio  paucos,  armentaque  rara  relinquunt ;  185 

Caetera  virgultis  abdita  turba  latet. 
Ecce,  velut  torrens  imdis  pluvialibus  auctus, 

Aut  nive,  quaj  zephyro  victa  repente  fluit, 
Per  sata,  perque  vias  fertur ;  nee,  ut  ante  solebat, 

Riparura  clausas  margine  finit  aquas  :  190 

Sic  Fabii  latis  vallem  discursibus  implent : 

Quosque  vident,  spernunt :  nee  metus  alter  inest. 
Quo  ruitis,  generosa  domus  ?  male  creditur  hosti  ; 

Simplex  nobilitas,  perfida  tela  cave. 


175.  Destrictis,  S^-c.  Their 
swords  unsheathed,  they  penetrate 
with  undaunted  bravery  the  Tus- 
can troops. 

177.  Lihycd.  Mauritania,  a  re- 
gion of  Libya  in  Africa  was  re- 
markable for  its  breed  of  lions; 
so  Horace,  '  Nee  Jubae  tell  us  tre- 
nerat,  leonum  Arida  nutrix.*  Od. 
i.  -22—15. 

179.  Inhonesta.  Dishonorable, 
because  received  in  flight.  Ter- 
go. In  the  back,  to  which  is  op- 
posed '  pectus  percussithonestum,' 
and  'vulnera  ipso  loco  decora.' 
Tacit.  Homer  likewise  srenerally 
applies  the  epithet  zroriiri;  to  one 
who  (alls  by  an  honorable  wound, 
and  v-nrrio;  in  the  opposite  sense. 
Vulnera  accipiunt.  So  ^'^irgil, 
'  Nee  vulnera  tergo  Accipiunt.' 
uSneid,  iii. 

18  L  Sic  iterum.  The  Fabii 
obtained  repeated  victories,  so 
that  the  Veientes  were  oblijjed  to 
employ  stratagem,  insidias  arma- 


que c(Bca,  with  an  enemy  to  whom 
they  were  unequal  in  courage, 
though  far  superior  in  numbers  in 
the  field. 

183.  Ultima.   The  limits. 

184.  Occulere.  To  conceal. 
Occulo-is-ui ;  from  oh  and  cola, 
i.e.  colendo  sive  arandu  teijere. 

185.  Paucos.  A  few  men.  Ar- 
mentaque rara.  Herds  here  and 
there ;  to  entice  the  enemy  to 
plunder. 

186.  Turha.  The  main  body 
of  the  Tuscan  army.  Latent. 
Heins. 

18S.  Zephyro  victa.  Thawed 
by  the  west  wind. 

190.  Finil.  Restrains,  confines. 

192.  Quosque  vident  spernunt. 
They  make  light  of  the  few  who 
were  visible.  Aec  metus  alter  inest. 
They  had  no  apprehension  from 
any  other  quarter. 

194.  Simplex  nobilitas.  Higli 
birth  is  unsuspecting,  bew.-vre  the 
weapons  of  treachery. 


FABIORUM  CiEDES.  69 

Fraude  perit  virtus  ;  in  apertos  undique  campos  1 95 

Prosiliunt  hostes,  et  latus  omne  tenent. 
Quid  faciant  pauci  contra  tot  millia  fortes  ? 

Quidve,  quod  in  misero  tempore  restet,  habent  ? 
Sicut  aper  silvis  longe  Lauren tibus  actus 

Fulmineo  celeres  dissipat  ore  canes  ;  200 

Mox  tamen  ipse  perit :  sic  non  moriuntur  inulti ; 

Vulneraque  alterna  dantque  feruntque  manu. 
Una  dies  Fabios  ad  bellum  niiserat  omnes, 

Ad  bellum  missos  perdidit  una  dies. 
Ut  tamen  Herculea;  superessent  semina  gentis,  205 

Credibile  est  ipsos  consuluisse  Deos. 
Nam  puer  impubes,  et  adhuc  non  utilis  armis, 

Unus  de  Fabia  gente  relictus  erat. 
Scilicet  ut  posses  olim  tu,  Maxime,  nasci ; 

Cui  res  cunctando  restituenda  foret.  210 


198.  Quidve,  {f-c.  What  expe- 
dient have  they  that  may  avail 
them  in  this  distressing  junc- 
ture. 

199.  Longe — actus.  Driven  to  a 
distance.  Laurentibus.  Lauren- 
turn  was  a  town  of  Latium,  sup- 
posed to  be  the  residence  of  the 
ancient  kings  Picus,  Faunus,  and 
Latinus.  It  derived  its  name 
from  an  adjoining  grove  of  bay- 
trees  midway  between  Ostia  and 
Antium.  See  Virt],  JEneid,  vii. 
5^,  for  a  different  origin  of  the 
title.  It  is  supposed  to  have  stood 
where  San  Lorenzo  is  now,  which 
seems  to  be  confirmed  from  the 
Via  Laurentina  leading  to  it  from 
Rome.  It  was  celebrated  for 
boars,  'Inter  qua?  rari  Lauren- 
tern  ponderis  aprum,  Misimus.' 
Martial.  Epi'jr.  ix.  19.  '  Nam 
Laurens  (sc.  aper,)  malus  est, 
ulvis  et  aruudine  pinguis.'  Horat. 
Sat.  ii.  4. 

200.  Fulmineo.  Fierce.  •  Ful- 
minei  sic  dente  sues.'  Stat,  Sylv, 


205.  Herculea  gentis.  See  supr. 
N.  164. 

206.  Ipsos  considuisse,  SfC. — 
That  the  gods  themselves  pro- 
vided, &c. 

207.  Impubes — eris.  adj.  Of 
tender  years. 

209.  Olim.  In  time  to  come. 
Maxime.  From  the  single  survi- 
vor of  the  Fabian  family,  unus 
de  Fabia  gente,  descended  Q.  Fa- 
bius  Maximus,  who,  in  the  second 
Punic  war,  a.  u.  536,  after  the 
destruction  of  the  Consul  Fla- 
minius  and  his  array  at  Thrasi- 
mene,  a  lake  of  Etruria  near  Pe- 
rusia,  was  appointed  Prodictator. 
He  did  not,  like  his  predecessors 
in  command,  take  the  field  against 
Hannibal,  but  continually  harassed 
and  weakened  his  army  by  coun- 
termarches and  ambuscades;  hence 
he  was  called  Cunctator,  cunc- 
tando, from  his  declining  to  en- 
gage the  enemy  openly,  '  Unus 
homo  nobis  cunctando  restituit 
rem.  Ennius. 


70 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  II. 


DEC.  SEXT. 


KAL.  MART.  CORVUS,  CRATER,  ET 
ANGUIS  ORIUNTUR. 


CoNTiNUATA  loco  tria  sidera,  Corvus  et  Anguis 

Et  medius  Crater  inter  utrumque  jacet. 
Idibus  ilia  latent ;  oriuntur  nocte  sequenti : 

Quae  sibi  cur  tria  sint  consociata,  canam. 
Forte  Jovi  festum  Phoebus  solenne  parabat ;  215 

(Non  faciet  longas  fabula  nostra  moras) 
'  I  niea,'  dixit,  '  avis,  ne  quid  pia  sacra  moretur ; 

'  Et  tenuem  vivis  fontibus  afFer  a(|uam.' 
Corvus  inaiu'atum  pedibus  cratera  recurvis 

ToUit,  et  aerium  pervolat  altus  iter.  220 

Stabat  adhuc  duris  ficus  densissima  pomis : 

Tentat  earn  rostro  ;  non  erat  apta  legi. 
Immemor  imperii  sedisse  sub  arbore  fertur, 

Dum  fierent  tarda  dulcia  poma  mora. 
Jamque  satur  nigris  longum  rapit  unguibus  hydrum,      225 

Ad  dominumque  redit ;  fictaque  verba  refert : 
'  Hie  mihi  causa  mora;  vivarum  obsessor  aquarum ; 

'  Hie  tenuit  fontes  officiumque  meum.' 
'  Addis,'  ait,  '  culpa?  mendacia,'  Phoebus,  '  et  audes 

Fatidicum  verbis  fallere  velle  Deum  ?  230 

'  At  tibi,  dum  lactens  haerebit  in  arbore  ficus, 


211.  Continuata  loco.  Contigu- 
ous ;  from,  or  in,  their  situation ; 
or  loco  might  allude  to  these  con- 
stellations having  succeeded  to 
the  position  which  had  been  occu- 
pied by  Cancer,  Leo,  and  Virgo. 

213.  Ilia  sc.  sidera.  Nocte  se- 
quenti. XVI.  Kal.  Mart. 

217.  3fea  avis.  See  Fast.  i.  N. 
290.  The  crow  was  under  the 
protection  of  Apollo  on  account 
of  its  auguries.  Fast.  i.  n.  180. 
«  Planget  Phoebeius  ales.'  Stat.  ii. 
Sih'ar.  de  Corv. 

218.  Et  tenuem,  Sfc.  And  bring 
a  little  water  from  the  gushing 
fountains. 

219.  Corvus,  Sf'c.  The  crow 
takes  up  a  gilded  goblet  in  his 
crooked  talons,  and  soars  aloft  on 
his  aiirial  route. 


221.  Adhuc  duris  pomis.  With 
fruit  as  yet  unripe. 

222.  Non  erat  apta  legi.  It  was 
not  easy  to  be  gathered  ;  because 
of  its  unripeness. 

223.  Imperii.  Of  the  direction 
he  had  received  from  Apollo. 

22.3.  Hi/drum.  From  Gr.  5S»», 
aqua  ;  a  water-snake. 

226.  Fictaque  verba  rejert. 
And  makes  a  feigned  excuse. 

227.  Vivarum  obsessor  aquarum. 
The  keeper  of  the  living  springs. 

228.  Hie  tenuit,  Sfc.  He  with- 
held tiie  waters,  and  the  fullilment 
of  my  task. 

230.  Verbis,  Versis.  Mazar. 
Veris,  Hamburg.   Veri,  Al. 

231.  Lactens.  The  Latins  call- 
ed the  juice  of  a  green  fig  lac, 
vdlli  i  the  Greeks,  ozri;  aud  a-raxr»). 


DEC.  SEXT.  KAL.  MART. 


71 


'  De  nuUo  gelidas  fonte  bibantvir  aqiise.' 
Dixit ;  et,  antiqui  monumenta  perennia  facti, 

Anguis,  Avis,  Crater,  sidera  juncta  micant. 
Tertia  post  Idus  niidos  Ai;rora  Lupercos 

Adspicit:  et  Fauni  sacra  bicornis  eunt. 
Dicite,  Pierides,  sacrorum  quae  sit  origo  : 

Attigerint  Latios  iinde  petita  domos. 
Pana  denm  pecoris  veteres  coluisse  feruntur 

Arcades  ;  Arcadiis  plurimus  ille  jugis. 
Testis  erit  Plioloe,  testes  Stymphalides  undse, 

Quique  citis  Ladon  in  mare  currit  aquis  ; 


235 


240 


232.  De  nuUo,  ^-c.  '  Corvi  ante 
solstitium  generant ;  iidem  segres- 
cunt  sexagenis  diebus,  siti  max- 
ime,  antequam  tici  coquantur  au- 
tumno.'  Pliu.  X.  12. 

233.  Perennia.  Patentia.  Ur- 
sin. 

235.  Tertia  Aurora.  The  third 
day  after  the  ides,  sc.  xv.  kal. 
Mart.  Lupercos.  '  See  supr.  n.  31. 

236.  Pauni— bicornis.  Pan  is 
here  called  Faun  us,  a  generic 
name  of  the  Satyrs.  Various  ac- 
counts are  given  of  this  Deity's 
descent.  Homer  in  his  '  Hymns,' 
makes  him  tiie  son  of  Mercury, 
goat-footed  and  with  horns,  as  in 
the  text : 

SWEATS  fjiouixa., 
'Aiyi'Toonv,  OiKipoira,,  (piXoK^oroi. 

According  to  Epimenides,  Pan 
and  Areas  were  the  twin  offspring 
of  Jupiter  and  Callisto.  Herodo- 
tus makes  him  the  son  of  Mer- 
cury and  Penelope.  Others  say 
that  he  was  the  son  of  Penelope 
by  all  her  suitors,  whence  he  was 
called  Pan.  He  was  the  chief 
of  the  rural  deities ;  the  god  of 
shepherds  and  the  chase.  See 
infr.  291.  According  to  Polyajnus, 
he  is  represented  as  having  horns, 
because  he  commanded  the  army 
of  Bacchus,  in  the  war  between 
the  gods  and  the  giants,  and  upon 
that  occasion  invented  the  cornua, 
i.e.  alas,  the  disfositiou  of  a  line 


of  battle  -with  wings.  Stratagem. 
i.  2.  According  to  others,  he  con- 
tinued to  wear  horns  from  the 
time  that  he  changed  himself  into 
a  goat  to  elude  Typhon,  having 
advised  the  other  deities  to  effect 
their  escape  likewise  by  assuming 
the  shape  of  different  animals. 
See  i.  N.  o23.  For  the  service 
which  he  rendered  them  on  this 
occasion  by  his  prudent  counsel, 
it  is  said  that  the  gods  in  gratitude 
ranked  him  among  the  constella- 
tions by  the  title  of  Capricorn, 
Hijgin.  Fab.  296. 

237.  Pierides.  Pierus,  a  moun- 
tain supposed  to  have  given  name 
to  Pieria  in  Macedonia,  lies  to 
the  north  of  Pherae  in  Thessaly ; 
so  called  from  Pierus,  a  poet  who 
is  said  to  have  been  the  first  who 
sacrificed  to  the  Muses,  thence 
called  Pierides.  Schol.  in  Ju- 
venal. 

238.  Attigerint,  ^c.  Whence  de- 
rived have  they  reached  the  Latin 
abodes. 

240.  Plurimus.  Most  celebrated. 

24:1.  Pholoe.  A  mountain  of  Ar- 
cadia. Sti/mphalides.  Stymphalus 
was  the  name  both  of  a  city  and 
river  in  Arcadia. 

242.  Ladon.  A  small  but  beau- 
tiful river  of  Arcadia,  falling 
into  the  Alpheus  from  north  to 
south ;  and  yielding  the  finest 
water  of  all  the  rivers  in  Greece. 
It  is  celebrated  for  the  story  of 


72 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  II. 


Cinctaque  pinetis  nemoris  juga  Nonacrini, 
Altaque  Cyllene,  Parrhasia;que  nives. 

Pan  erat  armenti  custos,  Pan  numen  equarum  ; 
Munus  ob  incolumes  ille  ferebat  oves. 

Transtulit  Evander  silvestria  numina  secum. 
Hie,  ubi  nunc  urbs  est,  turn  locixs  urbis  erat. 

Inde  Deura  colimus,  devectaque  sacra  Pelasgis. 


245 


Syrinx,  daughter  of  the  Ladon, 
who,  in  order  that  she  might  es- 
cape the  importunities  of  Pan, 
was  changed  hy  the  gods  into  a 
reed,  called  by  the  Greeks  irv^iyl, 
syrinx;  Ovid.  Metam,  i.  V.  691. 
Martial,  ix.  ep.  63. 

243.  Cinclaqve  Pinetis.  Cinc- 
taque Spinetis.  Al.  Encircled  with 
groves  of  pine.  Nonacrini.  No- 
nacris  was  a  town  of  Arcadia 
which  with  two  others,  Callia 
and  Diponsfi,  was  called  Tripolis. 
It  was  famous  for  its  pestilential 
spring,  the  Styx;  the  water  of 
which,  it  is  said,  could  not  he 
contained  in  any  vessel  but  one 
formed  of  the  hoof  of  a  mule. 
Vitruv.  V.  3- 

244.  Cyllene.  A  lofty  moun- 
tain of  Arcadia  on  the  summit 
of  which  stood  the  temple  of 
Mercury,  thence  called  Cylle- 
nius,  who  was  supposed  to  have 
been  born  there.  Parrhasiceque. 
See  i.  428.  Nives.  The  snows 
on  the  summits  of  the  Arcadian 
mountains. 

243.  Numen  equarum.  Num. 
aquarum.  Al.  The  latter  reading 
is  probably  the  more  correct,  as 
Pan  is  said  to  have  been  the  lead- 
er of  the  choir  of  water  nymphs. 
Sec. 
A(  Se  '"'e^'?  fciXt^o7</i  ^oooy   'Tom  iff- 

rwccvTO 
't'ipKihis  iv/itpai,  vvfic<pcci  ' Auud^vctoi;. 
He  was  also  the  god  of  fishermen 
as  appears  from  the   prayers  to 


him  contained  in  several  Greek 
inscriptions  for  success  in  the 
craft.  Sophocles  also  calls  him 
aXizffXayKTot,  per  mare  vagantem. 
The  variety  of  objects  under  his 
tutelage  is  also  mentioned  in  one 
of  the  hymns  of  Orpheus  : 

/XOVl  /XGX'^Tff.. 

tatTatriCfiv  iTuPuiyi,  tpofiav  tx^ayXi 
Alyovofx-oiT  X'^'i'^*  "'"^  ■^ioaxa?'  '/loi 
EiVxovTS  ^)ii7rirh^,  ^X"''^  (piXi,  truy- 
liovTo:puh~i  yiv'iTM^  rru.-iTui,  'JTaXuu- 

"  Now  lulling  with  sweet  melody 
The  weary  world  to  rest ; 
Awaking  now  the  panic  fears 
That  haunt  the  human  breast. 
Now  seeking  with  the  thirsty  flock 

The  mountain-river's  side  ; 
Now  in  the  herdsman's  lowly  cot 

Delighted  to  abide. 
Huntsman,  keen-eyed ;    whom   Echo 

won 
With  lingering  tones  of  love ; 
The  chase  is  o'er ;  the  dance  begun ; 
Nvmphs  of  the  fount  and  grove 
Tlie  leader  of  their  revels  call. 

To  grace  the  flowery  sod  ; 
Parent  of  ocean.  Lord  of  all ; 

Pan,  many-tilled  God." 

c.  s.  s. 

247.  Transtulit.  Transferred  ; 
on  his  removal  to  Latium.  Syl- 
vestria  numina.  The  sylvan  dei- 
ties, Pan,  &c. 

249.  Pelasgis.  i.  e.  The  Arca- 
dians. Arcadia  was  anciently 
called  Pelasgia,  Lycaonia,  8cc. 


DEC.  SEXT.  KAL.  MART.  73 

Flamen  ad  haec  prisco  more  Dialis  erat.  250 

Cur  igitur  currant  ;  et  cur,  sic  currere  mos  est, 

Nuda  ferant  posita  corpora  veste,  rogas  ? 
Ipse  deus  velox  discurrere  gaudet  in  altis 

Montibus,  et  subitas  concitat  ille  feras. 
Ipse  deus  nudus  nudos  jubet  ire  ministros  :  255 

Nee  satis  ad  cursum  commoda  vestis  erat. 
Ante  Jovem  genitum  terras  habuisse  feruntur 

Arcades  :  et  Luna  gens  prior  ilia  fuit. 
Vita  ferse  similis,  nullos  agitata  per  usus : 

Artis  adhuc  expers,  et  rude  vulgus  erant.  260 

Pro  domibus  frondes  norant,  pro  f'rugibus  herbas : 

Nectar  erat  palmis  hausta  duabus  aqua. 
Nullus  anhelabat  sub  adunco  vomere  taurus : 

Nulla  sub  iniperio  terra  colentis  erat : 
Nullus  adhuc  erat  usus  equi :  se  quisque  ferebat.  265 


250.  Ad  hcEc.  In  the  perform- 
ance of  these  rites,  the  priest  of 
Jupiter  was  engaged,  erat,  ac- 
cording to  the  old  custom.  This 
was  not  objectionable  as  it  might 
appear  to  be ;  for  P^n,  like  Ju- 
piter, was  considered  the  repre- 
sentative of  universal  nature,  and 
was  therefore  entitled  to  some 
respect,  sc.  the  attendance  of  the 
Flamen  Dialis.  Adhuc.   Al. 

252.  Sic.  sc.   Posita  ve*te. 

253.  Ipse  Deus  velox,  &;c.  The 
active  god  himself  delights  to 
course  over  the  lofty  mountains, 
and  he  pursues  the  startled  game. 
Some  explain  concitat,  he  terrifies, 
in  allusion  to  the  terror.  zrxmKa,  or 
'Ha.iiKa.  'Siiuecra,  panic  fears,  which 
Pan  could  excite.  Concipit  fugas. 
Ursin.  Concipit  feras.  Al. 

255.  Jubet  ire.  Amat  ire.  Cod. 
Thuan. 

258.  Luna  prior.  See  i.  N. 
419.  It  is  supposed  by  some  that 
this  was  the  origin  of  the  cres- 
cent having  been  worn  upon  the 
buskins  of  senators  and  their 
sons  at  Rome,  as  a  symbol  of 
their  high  descent,  Siat.  Si/lv.  v. 


2.  28.  '  Felix,  et  sapiens,  et  no- 
bilis,  et  generosus,  Appositam 
nigrse  lunam  suhtexit  alutse.'  Ju- 
venal, v'n.  191.  According  to 
others  the  c  which  was  worn  on 
the  senators'  buskins  was  a  sign 
of  the  number,  centum,  of  which 
that  body  was  originally  com- 
posed. 

259.  FercE.  sc.  vita  ferince — 
Abulias,  ^-c.  Passed  without  any 
social   intercourse.     So    Horace, 

'  Mutum  et  turpe  pecus.'  Sat,  i._ 

3,  100.  Tolls  Se  «I  aj;t^f  yiynfitmi 
TsJ»  ki^pu-xuv  (pao'iy  t»  a,ra,x.Tu  xai 
fnoiuhii  filio  KahtruTxs,  &C.  Diod. 
Sicul.  i. 

260.  Artis  adhuc,  ^'C.  They 
were  still  an  uncivilized  and  un- 
couth crowd.  Adhuc.  Ad  hoc. 
Al. 

261.  Pro  domibus,  §-c.  They 
used  the  boughs  of  trees  for  their 
abodes,  and  weeds  instead  of 
corn. 

262.  Palmis  duabus.  In  the 
hollow  of  both  hands. 

265.  Usus  equi.  Bellerophon  is 
said  to  have  first  taught  the  use 
of  the  horse. 

H 


74 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  II. 


Ibat  ovis  lana  corpus  amicta  sua. 
Sub  Jove  durabant,  et  corpora  nuda  gerebant, 

Docta  graves  imbres  et  tolerare  Notos. 
Nunc  quoque  detecti  referunt  monumenta  vetusti 

Moris,  et  antiquas  testificantur  opes.  270 

Cornipedi  Fauno  ca;sa  de  more  capella 

Venit  ad  exiguas  turba  vocata  dapes. 
Dumq  le  sacerdotes  verubus  transuta  salignis 

Exta  parant,  medias  sole  tenente  vias ; 
Romulus,  et  frater,  pastoralisque  juventus,  275 

Solibus  et  campo  corpora  nuda  dabant : 
(Caestibiis,  et  jaculis,  et  missi  pondere  saxi 

Brachia  per  lusus  experienda  dabant.) 
Pastor  ab  excelso.  Per  devia  rura  juvencos, 

Romule,  pra^dones,  eripe,  dixit,  agunt.  280 

Longum  erat  armari.     Diversis  exit  uterque 

Partibus.     Accursu  praeda  recepta  Rami. 
Ut  rediit,  verubus  stridentia  detrahit  exta  : 


26G.  Lana  sua.  Because  there 
was  no  need  for  their  being 
shorn. 

,..  267.  Sub  Jove  durabant.  They 
used  to  dwell,  or  persevered  in 
dwellinef.  ia  the  open  air.  So  Ho- 
race, '  Manet  sub  Jove  frigido 
Venator*  Od.  i.  2.3—6. 

268.  I^otos.  From  Gr.  viroi, 
humor.    The  south  winds. 

269.  Detecti.  i.  e.  The  Luperci, 
naked,  restore  the  memorial  of 
an  antique  usacfe,  and  give  evi- 
dence of  their  old  resources. 

271.  Cornipedi  Fauno.  The 
poet  proceeds  to  give  another 
reason  for  the  priests  of  Pan 
being  naked  at  the  celebration  of 
his  festival.  Cervipedi.  Zulich. 
CoEsa  capella.  A  goat  was  sacri- 
ficed to  Pan  because  of  his  having 
feet  like  that  animal. 

273.  Verubus.  Spits  or  broaches. 
Gr.  if:>0.os.  a  versando.  \'^arr. 
Sali(}nis.  Made  of  willow  or  sal- 
low. 

274.  Exta.  From  exsecta,  th. 
SCGO.  Medias,  §"c.     At  noon-dav, 


Tenente  dies.  Zulich.  Mazar.  Voss. 

276.  Campo.  So.  Ludis  or  Pul- 
veri.  The  Campus  Martius  was 
an  extensive  plain  along  the  Ti- 
ber where  the  Roman  youth  used 
to  exercise.  It  belonged  origi- 
nally to  the  Tarquins,  '  Superbi 
regis  ager.'  Juvenal,  vi.  523,  and 
after  their  expulsion  was  conse- 
crated to  Mars.  Lit:  ii.  5.  It  was 
frequently  called  Kar  l?,o;^t:v,  Cam- 
pus, The  plain,  Horat.  Od.  iii.  1,10. 

277.  Castibus.  Gauntlets,  a 
ccedendo.  Tiiey  were  a  species  of 
gloves,  chirothecce,  which  had  lead 
or  iron  sewed  into  tbem  to  make 
the  blow  more  effective  from  th» 
weight  of  its  fall.  Virtf.  jEneid, 
V.  379,  400.  Jaculis.  So  Virgil, 
'  Spicula  contorquent,  cursuque 
ictuque  lacessunt.'  JEneid,  vii. 
165.  Missi  pondere  saxi.  Gr. 
XiSo^'oXai.  The  stone  may  have 
been  thrown  from  the  hand  or 
discharged  from  a  sling. 

280.   Eripe.  Rescue  them. 
283.  Detrahit.   Delulit.    Voss. 
Arond.  Mazar. 


DEC.   QUINT.  KAL.  MART. 


75 


Atque  ait,  Haec  certe  non  nisi  victor  edet. 
Dicta  facit,  Fabiique  siniul.     Venit  irritus  illuc 

Romulus,  et  mensas  ossaque  nuda  videt. 
Risit,  et  indoluit  Fabios  notuisse  Remunique 

Vincere,  Quinctilios  non  potuisse  suo- 
Fama  manet  facti ;  posito  velamine  currunt, 

Et  memorem  famam,  quod  bene  cessit,  liabet. 


285 


290 


DEC.  QUINT.  KAL.  MART.   LUPERCALIA 


FoRSiTAN  et  quaeras,  cur  sit  locus  ille  Lupercal ; 

Quaeve  diem  tali  nomine  causa  notet. 
Ilia  Vestalis  caelestia  semina  partu 

Ediderat,  patruo  regna  tenente  suo. 
Is  jubet  auferri  parvos,  et  in  amne  necari. 

Quid  facis  ?  ex  istis  Romulus  alter  erit. 
Jussa  recusantes  peragunt  lachrymosa  ministri ; 


295 


285.  Fabiique  simul.  The  Fabii 
were  the  associates  of  Remus, 
the  Quinctilii  of  Romulus, 

288.  Non  potuisse.  sc.  vincere. 

290.  Et  memorem,  SjC.  And  that 
which  had  a  prosperous  result, 
has  also  permanent  renown. 

29 1 .  Lupercal.  The  place  where 
Pan  was  worshipped,  so  called 
fromLuperci;  see  supr.  31,  and 
infr.  331.  It  was  a  cave  in  the 
Palatine  hill,  consecrated  to  this 
deity  by  Evander.  Lyc«eus,from 
Gr.  Xuxor,  lupus,  a  mountain  of 
Arcadia  is  said  also  to  have  been 
dedicated  to  Pan,  as  the  guardian 
of  flocks  ;  whence  Virgil,  '  Geii- 
da  monstrat  sub  rnpe  Lupercal, 
Parrhasio  dictum  Panos  do  more 
Lycsei.  ^Eneid,  viii.  342.  Luper- 
cal, besides  the  origin  assigned  to 
the  term  in  the  text  may  be  de- 
rived from  luere,  i.  e.  sacrificare, 
caprum,  because  of  their  sacrificing 
a  goat  to  Pan  in  the  place  already 
mentioned,  or  from  luere,  i.  e.  ex- 
plore per  caprum,  to  make  atone- 
ment by  such  a  sacrifice. 


292.  Quave.  Sfc.  Or  what 
cause  distinguishes  the  day  by 
such  a  title,  sc.  LvpcrculiT..  Tan- 
to  7iomine,  conj.  IJeins. 

293.  Ilia.  Called  also  Rhea, 
daughter  of  Numi  tor  king  of  Alba. 
Vestalis.  She  was  devoted  to  the 
service  of  Vesta  by  Amulius  her 
uncle,  who  usurped  the  sovereign- 
ty of  Alba  and  banished  his  bro- 
ther, in  order  that  slie  might  not 
by  becoming  a  mother  endanger 
his  tenure  of  the  crown.  His  pre- 
cautions were  unavailing,  as  she 
gave  birth  to  twins,  of  whom  she 
asserted  Mars  to  be  the  father, 
hence  calestia  semina.  She  was 
buried  alive — the  punishment  in- 
flicted upon  Vestal  Virgins,  who 
were  convicted  of  a  violation  of 
their  vows  of  ciiastity — on  the 
banks  of  the  Tiber,  whence  Ho- 
race  '  uxorius  amnis.'  Od.  i.  2.  20. 

296.  Quid  facis.  This  may  be 
taken  either  as  a  remonstrance 
against  tiie  act,  or  to  show  the 
futility  of  the  usurper's  designs. 

297.  Recusantes.  Reluctant, 


76 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  IL 


Flent  tamen,  et  geminos  in  loca  jussa  ferunt. 
Albula,  quern  Tiberin  mersus  Tiberiniis  in  unda 

Reddidit,  hibernis  forte  tumebat  aquis  ; 
Hic,  ubi  nunc  Fora  sunt,  lintres  errare  videres ; 

Quaque  jacent  valles,  Maxime  Circe,  tuae. 
Hue  ubi  venerunt,  nee  jam  procedere  possunt 

Longius ;  ex  illis  unus,  an  alter,  ait : 
'  At  quam  sunt  similes !  at  quam  formosus  uterque 

'  Plus  tamen  ex  illis  iste  vigoris  habet. 
'  Si  genus  arguitur  vultu,  ni  fallit  imago, 


300 


305 


298.  Et  geminos.  Ut  geminos, 
would  be  the  better  reading.  Loca 
jussa.  Loca  sola.    Heins. 

299.  Albula.  The  ancient  name 
of  the  Tiber  ;  so  called  from  the 
whiteness  of  its  waters,  albis  aquis. 
It  was  called  Tiber  after  Tiberi- 
Bus  Sylvius,  successor  to  Capetus 
as  king  of  the  Albans,  who  was 
drowned  in  it. 

301.  Fora.  Sc.  The  Forum 
Boarium,  &c.  The  river  was  so 
swollen  by  the  winter  rains  that 
it  overflowed  the  city ;  So  Horace, 
'  vagus  et  sinistra  Labitur  ripa.' 
Od.  i.  2.  18. 

302.  Maxime  Circe.  The  Cir- 
cus Maximus  was  built  by  Tar- 
quinius  Priscus,  and  afterwards 
at  different  times  considerably 
enlarged  and  beautified.  It  was 
situated  between  the  Palatine  and 
Aventine  hills,  whence,  quaque 
jacent  valles  tuce.  It  was  a  mile 
in  circumference,  and  surrounded 
by  a  dyke  or  canal,  called  Euri- 
pus,  ten  feet  broad,  and  equally 
deep ;  it  had  also  porticoes  three 
stories  high,  a-roai  ronrTiyat ;  both 
improvements  designed  and  exe- 
cuted by  Julius  Csesar.  It  is  said 
to  have  contained  at  least  150,000 
persons,  Dionys.  iii.  68 ;  accord- 
ing to  Pliny,  250,000.  Plin.xxxvu 
15.  s.  24.  Here  all  the  games  and 
shews  were  celebrated,  in  which 
the  Romans  of  all  classes  took 
such  interest  and  delight.  '  Duas 
tantum  res  anxixs  (Populus  E.) 


optat,  Panem,  et  Circenses.' — 
Juvenal.  Sat.  x,  80.  It  was  very 
generally  frequented  by  sharpers 
and  fortune-tellers,  sortilegi  or  di- 
vijii,  jugslers,  prcEstigiatores.  &c. ; 
hence  '  Fallacem  Circum.'  Horat. 
Sat.  i.  6.  113.  It  is  said  to  have 
been  called  Circus,  in  honour  of 
Circe  the  daughter  of  the  sun, 
to  whom  it  was  consecrated; 
whence  also,  according  to  some, 
its  name  Apollinaris;  which  Livy, 
however,  assigns  to  the  Circus 
Flaminius  on  account  of  a  tem- 
ple of  Apollo  in  its  vicinity. 
Liv.  iii.  54,  63.  There  were  se- 
veral others,  Circus  Vaticanus, 
&c.  to  which  may  be  added  those 
built  by  the  emperor  Nero,  Ta- 
cit. Ann.  xiv.  Caracalla,  Helio- 
gabalus,  &c. 

304.  Longius.  They  could  pro- 
ceed no  further  on  account  of  the 
swelling  of  the  river.  Ex  illis,  sc. 
7ni7iistris.  One,  or,  an,  another 
of  the  attendants  says.  So  •  Sau- 
cius,  an  sanus,  numquid  tua  signa 
reliqui.'iv.  7. 

305.  At.  And  yet  how  like 
they  are.  At,  is  an  adversative 
conjunction  derived  from  and  equi- 
valent to  the  Gr.  ara^,  Voss.  in 
Etymol.  '  Una  mater  oppugnat, 
at  quae  mater  ?'  Cic.  pro.  Cluent. 
c.  poenult.  In  the  text  it  is  ex- 
pressive of  admiration  and  Com- 
passion. 

306.  Jste.  Sc.  Romulus. 

307.  Ni  fallit.  Nee  fallit,  Heins. 


DEC.  QUINT.  KAL.  MART. 


'  Nescio  quern  vobis  suspicor  esse  Deum. 
'  At  siquis  vestrae  Deus  esset  originis  auctor, 

'  In  tarn  praecipiti  tempore  ferret  opem. 
'  Ferret  opem  certe,  si  non  ope  mater  egeret ; 

'  Quae  facta  est  uno  mater  et  orba  die, 
*  Nata  simul,  peritura  sinuxl,  simul  ite  sub  undas 

'  Corpora.'     Desierat,  deposuitque  sinu. 
Vagierunt  clamore  pari ;  sentire  putares. 

Hi  redeunt  udis  in  sua  tecta  genis. 
Sustinet  impositos  summa  cavus  alveus  unda : 

Heu  quantum  fati  parva  tabella  vehit ! 
Alveus  in  limo,  silvis  appulsus  opacis, 

Paulatim  fluvio  deficiente,  sedet. 
Arbor  erat,  remanent  vestigia  ;  quasque  vocatur 

Rumina  nunc  ficus,  Romula  ficus  erat. 
Venit  ad  expositos  (mirum  !)  lupa  foeta  gemellos  : 


!10 


315 


320 


Imago,  qu.     Imilago  from  Imitor, 
or  tVotn  hy/ia  th.  'iixu  similis  sum. 

310.  PrcEcipiti.  '  Sed  nee  Di 
nee  homines,  aut  ipsam  (matrem) 
aut  stirpem  a  crudelitate  regia 
vindicant :  Sacerdos  ipsa  in  cus- 
todiam  datur;  pueros  in  proflu- 
entem  aquam  mitti  jubet.'  Liv. 

311.  Ferret  opem,  &rc.  Your 
mother  surely  would  bring'  you 
aid  were  she  not  herself  ia  need 
of  help,  who  has  in  one  day  been 
made  a  mother  and  childless. 

314.  Corpora.  Piynora,  Patav. 
and  Heins.  Sinu.  In  the  creek 
formed  by  the  flood. 

315.  Sentire  ptitares.  You 
would  think  that  they  were  con- 
scious of  their  fate. 

317.  Cavus  alveus.  The  hol- 
low wooden  trough. 

318.  Quantum  fati.  In  allusion 
to  the  foundation  of  the  Roman 
empire  by  Romulus  and  its  sub- 
sequent splendour.  Parva  tabella. 
Carta  tab.  Heins.  The  small 
plank,  so.  alveus ;  '  Et  tabula 
distinguitur  unda.'  Juvenal,  xiv. 
228. 

319.  Appulsus.  Having  ap- 
proached. 


322.  Rumina  ficus.  Poetically 
for  R ami nalis  ficus.  This  name  is 
either  a  corruption  of  the  original 
Romularis ;  or  it  may  be  derived 
from  ruma  or  rumen,  i.  e.  mamma, 
a  teat  or  pap,  and  so  called  in 
remembrance  of  the  twins  havintj 
been  found  under  this  iig-lree 
and  suckled  by  a  wolf.  '  Gemi- 
nos  huic  ubera  circum  Ludere 
pendentes  pueros,  et  lambere 
matrem  Impavidos;'  Virg.  ^^neid, 
viii.  631  et  seq.  :  According  to 
some  it  is  derived  from  rumen, 
the  throat,  because  under  the 
shade  of  this  tree  the  cattle  used 
to  chew  the  cud,  ruminare.  The 
words  remanent  vestigia,  321,  can- 
not be  more  aptly  commented 
upon  than  by  the  folli  wing  pas- 
sage '  Eodem  anno  Rumiualem 
arborem  iu  comitio,  quje  super 
octingentos  et  quadraginta  ante 
annos  Remi  Romulique  infantiani 
texerat,  mortuis  ramalibus,  et 
arescente  trunco  derninutam,  pro- 
digii  loco  habitura  est,  donee   in 

fatus  reviresceret.'     Tacit,  in  fin. 
siii.  Ann. 

323.  Fata,  Newly  delivered. 

h2 


78  FASTORUM,  LIB.  II. 

Quis  credat  pueris  non  nocuisse  feram  ? 
Non  nocuisse  parum  est ;  prodest  quoque.  Quos  lupa  nutrit, 

Prodere  cognatte  sustinuere  manus !  [325 

Constitit,  et  cauda  teneris  blanditur  alumnis, 

Et  fingit  lingua  corpora  bina  sua. 
Marte  satos  scires  ;  timor  abfuit :  ubera  ducunt, 

Et  sibi  permissi  lactis  aluntur  ope.  330 

Ilia  loco  nomen  fecit,  locus  ipse  Lupercis  : 

Magna  dati  nutrix  praemia  lactis  habet. 
Quid  vetat  Arcadio  dictos  a  monte  Lupercos  ? 

Faunus  in  Arcadia  tenipla  Lyca;us  habet. 


326.  Prodere.  To  consign  to 
death.  Perdere.   Al. 

328.  Et  fingit,  Sfc.  So  Virgil, 
'  Illam  tereti  cervice  reflexam 
Mulcere  alternos,  et  corpora  fin- 
gere  lingua.'  ^tieid,  viii.  633,  et 
seq. 

331.  A'omen.  Sc.  Lupercal.  Lu- 
percis. See  supr.  31,  for  the 
generally  received  origin  of  the 
term.  Plutarch  derives  it  as 
above,  .331.  This  opinion,  how- 
ever, is  justly  controvertetl  by 
Livy  and  Dionysius  of  Halicar- 
nassus  who  state  that  the  Luperci 
and  Lupercalia  were  introduced 
into  Italy  by  Evauder,  which  is 
still  further  borne  out  by  Virgil, 
jEneid,  viii.  343.  It  is  not 
easy  to  perceive  how  a  festival 
in  honour  of  Pan  could  be  so 
far  identified  with  that  which 
was  said  to  be  celebrated  in  re- 
membrance of  the  wolf  that 
suckled  Romulus  and  Remus,  as 
that  the  latter  should  merge  al- 
together into  the  former,  which, 


admitting  the  former  opinion, 
must  appear  to  be  the  case  at 
once  to  any  who  inquire  into  the 
nature  and  details  of  this  re- 
markable rite. 

332.  Magna  pramin.  In  the 
reputation  attached  to  her  name. 
This  whole  fable  is  said  to  have 
arisen  from  the  surname  Lupa, 
by  which,  in  consequence  of  the 
levity  of  her  conduct,  the  wife  of 
P'austiiliis  the  preserver  of  the 
twins,  was  generally  designated. 

333.  Quid  vetat,  6:0.  The  poet 
proposes  another  etymology  for 
Lupercus,  from  the  analogy  be- 
tween the  term  and  Lycaeus,  the 
one  being  derived  from  lupus,  as 
the  other  from  Xvxi;- 

334.  Fannus  i?i  Arcadia,  Sf'c. 
Lycaon,  the  son  of  Pelasgus, 
and  the  first  sovereign  of  Arcadia, 
contemporary  of  Cecrops  king 
of  Athens,  is  said  to  have  been 
the  founder  of  the  Lupercalia 
which  he  celebrated  with  great 
splendour. 


DEC.   QUINT.  KAL.  MART. 


79 


VENTI  INCERTI. 

Orta  dies  fiierit,  tu  desine  credere  ventis  ;  335 

Prodidit  illius  temporis  aura  fidem. 
Flamina  non  constant :  et  sex  reserata  diebus 

Carceris  ^olii  janua  lata  patet. 

SOL  IN  PISCIBUS. 

Jam  levis  obliqua  subsidit  Aquarius  urna : 

Proxim\is  aethereos  excipe,  Piscis,  equos.  340 

Te  memorant  fratremque  tuum  (nam  juncta  micatis 


335.  Orta  diesfuerit.  The  poet 
having  explained  fully  the  origin 
and  details  of  the  Lupercalia, 
proceeds  to  treat  of  the  days, 
their  succession  and  character. 
Dies.  The  day  on  which  the  Lu- 
percalia was  celebrated,  xv.  Kal. 
Mart.  Feb.  loth.  On  this  day 
the  sun  entered  the  sign  Pisces, 
see  infr.  340,  and  the  winds  were 
variable  for  the  six  following  days. 
Fuerit.  Fuerat.    Heins. 

336.  Prodidit  fidem.  Sc.  Is  not 
to  be  trusted,  from  its  inconstancy. 

337.  Non  constant.  Are  un- 
steady. 

338.  Carceris  j3Solii.  So  Virgil, 
'  Huic  vasto  rex  jEolus  antro 
Luctantes  ventos  tempestatesque 
sonoras  Imperio  preinit,  ac  vin- 
clis  ac   carcere  frenat,'  j^ueid,  i. 

30.      A'/aXs»  offT    ccyi/mis  ai^^rtyiviiff- 

■stolr^fft  K^av/wv*  Argon,  iv  765. 
^olus  was  the  son  of  Jupiter  by 
Acesta  or  Sergesta,  the  daughter 
of  Hippotas,  a  Trojan,  whence 
he  is  called  Hippotades.  He  was 
king  of  Lipara  and  the  adjoining 
islands,  called  after  him  JEolian, 
situated  between  Italy  and  Sicily. 
One  of  these,  Strongyle ;  from 
Gv.  (rr^oyyos,  round,  now  Strom- 
boli;  being  volcanic,  it  is  said 
that  the  ancient  inhabitants  could 
tell  from  the  smoke,  three  days 


before,  what  wind  should  blow, 
hence  the  fable  that  JEolus  was 
king  or  god  of  the  wind». 

339.  Levis.  From  Gr,  Xsw;;, 
cortex  J  relieved  or  unburthened 
by  the  sun  having  entered  another 
sign  J  KoZipo;,  ajiaoY,;,  Obliqua. 
The  urn  which  Aquarius  held  is 
turned  obliquebj,  or  inverted,  as  if 
the  water  flowed  from  it  towards 
Piscis.  Subsidit.  Sinks  down ; 
expressive  of  languor  after  fatigue. 
See  supr.  levis. 

340.  jSSthereos  equos.  The 
horses  of  the  sun.  Piscis.  Sc. 
Boreus,  so  called  from  its  look- 
ing towards  the  north  ;  its  place 
is  under  the  arm  of  Andromeda. 
The  other  fish  is  called  Notius, 
looking  towards  the  south  ;  it  is 
placed  below  the  shoulder  of  the 
constellation  Equus. 

341.  Juncta  inicatis  signa.  The 
constellation  Pisces,  is  called  by 
Aratus  ffCvdiff/jio;  vi-ou^xvios ;  either 
fish  being  connected  by  a  band, 
or  train  of  twelve  stars,  called  by 
the  Greeks  ffuviifffio;  tu]i  i^fuuf 
The  sign  Boreus  consisted  of 
twelve,  and  Notius  of  seventeen 
stars.  The  poet  narrates  the 
cause  of  their  being  enrolled 
among  the  constellations,  Te  me- 
morant, Sfc. 

342.  Duos  Deos,  Dione  and 
Cupid. 


80 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  II. 


Signa)  duos  tergo  sustinuisse  Deos. 
Terribilem  quondam  fugiens  Typhona  Dione, 

Tunc,  ciim  pro  ccelo  Jupiter  arma  tulit ; 
Venit  ad  Euphraten  comitata  Cupidine  parvo, 

Inque  Palaestinae  margine  sedit  aquae. 
Populus  et  cannae  riparum  summa  tenebant ; 

Spemque  dabant  sal  ices,  his  quoque  posse  tegi. 
Dum  latet,  intonuit  vento  nemus  ;  ilia  timore 

Pallet,  et  hostiles  credit  adesse  manus 
Utque  sinu  natum  tenuit,  '  Succvu'rite,  NymphiE, 

'  Et  Dis  auxilium  terte  duobus,'  ait. 
Nee  mora  ;  prosiluit.     Pisces  subiere  gemelli ; 

Pro  quo  nunc  dignum  sidera  munus  habent. 

343.  Typhona.  See  supr.  i.  523. 
Dione.  Daughter  of  Oceanus  and 
Tethys,  and  mother  of  Venus, 
with  whom  she  is  frequently  iden- 
tified hy  the  poets,  as  in  the  text. 
345.  Euphraten.  A  river  of  Asia. 
Cupidine.  Cupid  was  the  son  of 
Jupiter  and  Venus.  According  to 
Hesiod,  he  was  produced  at  the 
same  time  with  Chaos  and  the 
Earth.  He  is  generally  represent- 
ed as  a  winged  hoy,  with  a  how 
and  quiver,  and  wearing  a  wreath 
of  roses  ;  in  constant  attendance 
upon  his  mother  Venus.  '  Fer- 
vidus  tecum  puer,  et  solutis  Gra- 
tiee  zonis,  properentque  nym- 
phae,'  Horat.  Od.  \.  30,  4. 

346.  PalcEstina  aqiice.  The 
Euphrates,  poetically  so  called, 
from  its  hounding  Syria,  at  the 
opposite  extremity  of  which,  next 
to  Arahia  Petraja,  Palestine  is 
situated. 

347.  Populus.  The  poplar  tree, 
of  which  the  ancients  reckoned 
three  species  ;  the  hlack,  a'lyu^ot, 
the  white,  Xivx.n,  and  that  called 
Lybisca,  the  Libyan,  which  is  our 
aspen,  with  a  very  small  dark  leaf. 
The  poplar  was  sacred  to  Her- 
cules ; — XivKai,  ' H^a.x.Xio;  li^ov  'i^- 
vos.  Theocrit.  Idyll,  ii.  ;  Populus 
Alcidae  gratissima  j  Virg.  Eclog. 
7. ;  Herculeseque  arbos  umbrosa 
coronae.  Georg,  ii,  66,    It  is  a  fa- 


345 


350 


vorite  tree  with  the  poets,  and  is 
supposed,  on  account  of  the  me- 
lancholy rustling  of  its  leaves, 
when  agitated  by  the  breeze,  to 
have  been  introduced  into  that 
matchless  simile,  '  Qualis  populea 
mocrens  Philomela  sub  umbra.' 
Sec.  Georg.  iv.  511.  Canna.  Canna, 
Gr.  (piXi;,  a  reed  or  cane ;  a  species 
of  the  arundo,  with  which  it  is 
frequently  confounded, but  smaller 
and  more  delicate.  This,  as  also 
the  poplar  and  osier,  thrives  best 
in  a  marshy  soil,  or  by  a  river's 
side. 

548.  Salicps.  Osiers  or  willows; 
of  which  there  were  several  kinds. 
Graeca  salix  ;  Varr.  i.  R.  R.  c.  24, 
which  was  of  a  yellow  colour ; 
Amerina,  called  also  Sabina  sa- 
lix ;  '  Atque  Amerina  parantreti- 
nacula  viti,'  Georg.  i.  2G5,  which 
was  red,  and  the  salix  Gallica,  of 
a  faded  purple,  and  others,  which 
were  distinguished  by  their  height 
and  strength.  His.  sc.  by  the  wil- 
lows, &c.  Uos.  Al.  sc.  Venus  and 
Cupid.  Saliceshas,  Maz.  Zulich. 

350.  Hostiles.   Of  the  giants. 

351.  Nympha.  The  nymphs  of 
the  river. 

353.  Prosiluit.  She  plunged 
into  the  water, 

354.  Pro  quo,  Sj'c.  In  return 
for  which  they,  sc.  Pisces  gemelli, 
enjoy  a  constellation,  a  merited 


DEC.   TERT.  KAL.  MART. 


81 


Inde  nefas  ducunt  genus  hoc  imponere  mensis, 
Nee  violant  timidi  piscibus  ora  Syri. 


355 


DEC.  TERT.  KAL.  MART.   QUIRINALIA. 

Proxima  hix  vacua  est :  at  tertia  dicta  Quirino  ; 

Qui  tenet  hoc  nomen,  Romukis  ante  fuit. 
Sive  quod  hasta  Curis  priscis  est  dicta  Sabinis  ; 

(BelUcus  a  telo  venit  in  astra  Deus) 
Sive  suum  regi  nomen  posuere  Quirites ; 

Seu  quia  Romanis  junxerat  ille  Cures. 
Nam  pater  armipotens,  postquam  nova  moenia  vidit, 

Multaque  Romulea  bella  peracta  manu, 
'  Jupiter,'  inquit,  '  habet  Romana  potentia  vires ; 

'  Sanguinis  officio  non  eget  ilia  mei. 
*  Redde  patri  natum :  quamvis  intercidit  alter, 

'  Pro  se,  proque  Remo,  qui  mihi  restat,  erit. 


360 


365 


honour,  i.  e.  have  been  raised  to 
the  dignity  of  a  constellation 
which  they  deserved.  Sidera  ka- 
hent,  for  sidus  facti.  So  in  Art, 
Amat.  '  Munus  habe  coelum ;' 
whence  some  read,  nunc  coelum  si- 
dera nomen,  Nauger.  Petav.  Zu- 
lich.  Nunc  cernis  sidera  nomen, 
Ursin. 

355.  Inde  nefas,  §*c.  Whatever 
be  the  cause,  it  is  upon  record 
that  the  Syrians  were  averse  to 

tish,  a-zsrt^ivi;-     '"'O;,    lia,  ra  Ivpuv 

^vn*,'  Athenwus,  viii.  Genus,  sc. 
piscium. 

356.  Timidi.  Superstitious ; 
timor  is  frequently  used  in  the 
same  sense  with  the  ^tKri^aifiovia, 
of  the  Greeks.  '  Primus  in  orbe 
does  fecit  timor.'  Stat.  Theb.  iii. 
661.  '  Quone  malo  nientem  con- 
cussa  ?  timore  deorum.'  Horat. 
Sat.  ii.  3.  295. 

357.  Proxima  lux.  xiv.  Kal. 
Mart.  Feb.  1 6th.  Vacua.  Has  no 
mark  of  distinction.  Tertia.  Xiii. 
kal.  Mart.  Dicta.  Consecrated, 
because  on  this  day  the  festival 


Quirinalia,  in  honour  of  Romulus' 
was  held. 

359.  Sive  quod.  The  poet  pro- 
ceeds to  account  for  the  origin  of 
the  name  Quirinus.  Sabinis.  The 
Sabines  called  Mars  also  Curinus 
or  Quirinus,  from  curis,  a  spear. 

360.  A  telo.  In  consequence  of 
his  signal  achievements  in  war, 
Romulus  was  raised  to  the  stars. 

361.  Suum  nomen.  A  name 
derived  from  their  own.  Quirites, 
The  Romans. 

362.  Cures.  It  was  agreed  upon 
the  union  of  the  Romans  and  Sa- 
bines, that  the  former  should  be 
called  Quirites  in  honour  of  Ta- 
tius,  king  of  Cures,  while  Rome 
should  retain  its  original  name, 
derived  from  its  founder. 

363.  Pater.  Mars.  Nova  ma- 
nia. Rome. 

366.  Sanguinis  mei.  Sc.  Rom- 
ulus, said  to  have  been  the  son  of 
Mars. 

367.  Alter.  Remus,  slain  by 
his  brother  Romulus,  for  having 
vaulted  in  contempt  over  the  new 
walls  of  Rome.  According  to 
others,  he  was  killed  by  some  one 
unknown  in  a  quarrel. 


82 


FASTORUM,  LIB.   II. 


"  Umis  erit,  quern  tu  tolles  in  caerula  cceli," 

'  Tu  mihi  dixisti :  sint  rata  dicta  Jovis.'  370 

Jupiter  annuerat ;  nutu  treniefactus  uterque 

Est  polus,  et  cceli  pondera  sensit  Atlas. 
Est  locus,  antiqui  Capream  dixere  paludem  ; 

Forte  tuis  illic,  Romule,  jura  dabas. 
Sol  fugit,  et  rernovent  subeuntia  nubila  ccelum  ;  375 

Et  gravis  efFusis  decidit  imber  aquis. 
Hinc  tonat,  hinc  missis  abrumpitur  ignibus  aether  : 


369.  Tuus  erit.  This  verse  is 
copied  from  Ennius,  where  he 
treats  ia  his  Annals  of  the  same 
subject  as  that  in  the  text. 

372.  Atlas.  Son  of  Japetus  and 
Clymene,  according  to  others  of 
Asia,  Asope,  or  Libya.  He  mar- 
ried Pleione,  by  whom  he  had 
seven  daughters — the  Pleiades, 
ranked  among  the  constellations, 
by  Jupiter.  He  is  also  said  to 
have  been  the  father  of  the  Hy- 
ades,  so  called  after  their  brother 
Hyas,  who  perished  from  the  bite 
of  an  adder,  and  was  so  deeply 
regretted  by  his  sisters,  that  they 
died  of  grief.  They  were  also 
raised  to  the  stars  by  Jupiter. 
Atlas  was  the  name  of  a  moun- 
tain in  Mauritania,  so  high,  that 
its  summit  was  not  visible,  hence 
it  was  said  that  a  monarch,  of  the 
same  name  and  country,  support- 
ed the  heavens.  So  ^Eschylus  in 
Prometh,  who  makes  him  the 
brother  of  Oceanus; 

ilKiay.  OiiSiJT,  tTii /lit  Kcei  xa^iyirrou 
tii^out'  "ATXavras",    of  tpof  iir^tfi- 

"ilfiOi?  loiiltuv,  a.^^oi' iv»  iudy^aXov. 

According  to  others.  Atlas  was  a 
Lybian,  and  an  astronomer,  who 
frequented  a  mountain,  called  af- 
ter him,  for  the  purpose  of  making 
his  observations,  whence  the  fable 
of  his  bearing  the  firmament  on 


his  shoulders.  Some  of  the  poets 
describe  Atlas  as  a  sovereign  of 
Hesperia,  who  having  refused 
the  rights  of  hospitality  to  Per- 
seus, in  consequence  of  his  having 
been  told  that  he  should  be  de- 
prived of  his  throne  by  a  son  of 
Jupiter,  was  changed  into  a  moun- 
tain by  Perseus'  displaying  to  him 
the  head  of  Medusa.  He  is  said 
in  the  text  to  have  been  made 
conscious  of  the  weight  of  the 
heavens,  coeli  pondera,  Sfc.  from 
their  trembling  at  the  nod  of 
Jove.    Sensit,  Novit.  Al. 

373.  Capream  paludem.  (Liv.  i. 
16,  Caprse  palus. )  A  marsh,  which 
lay  at  a  short  distance  from  Rome 
towards  the  sea,  where  Romulus 
is  said  to  have  disappeared  in  a 
whirlwind,  while  either  reviewing 
his  army,  or  promulgating  laws. 
The  place  was  afterwards  called 
Caprilia.   Fest, 

375.  Sol  fugit.  According  to 
the  astronomical  tables,  this 
eclipse  of  the  sun  occurred.  May 
26,  A.  c.  713. 

—  Et  rernovent.  En  rernovent. 
Heins. 

376.  Imber.  From  Gr.  o^ufi^eg ; 
'  agraen  aquarum  largius  ex  con- 
cretis  nubibus  effusum  ;'  Apul.  de 
mundo. 

^11.  Hinc  tonat,  hinc  missis. 
Intonat  emissis.  Mazar.  Abrumpi- 
tur. Is  cloven  ;  so  Virgil,  «  Me- 
dium video  discedere  caelum.' 
jEneid,  ix.  20. 


DEC.  TERT.  KAL.  MART. 


83 


Fit  fuga :  rex  patriis  astra  petebat  equis. 
Luctus  erat,  falsaeque  Patres  in  crimine  csedis  ; 

Haesissetque  animis  forsitan  ilia  fides. 
Sad  Proculus  Longa  ven^ebat  Julius  Alba  ; 

Lunaque  fulgebat ;  nee  facis  usus  ei-at : 
Cum  subito  motu  nubes  crepuere  sinistrae  : 

llettulit  ille  gradus,  horrueruntque  comae. 
Pulcher,  et  humano  major,  trabeaque  decorus, 

Romulus  in  media  visus  adesse  via  ; 


380 


385 


378.  Fit  fuga.  Hence,  accord- 
ing to  the  Greeks,  this  day  was 
called  in  the  old  calendar,  Popli- 
FUGIA,  n  TOiTfi  Tou  zrXrJous.  Varr. 
V.  L.L.  Rex.  Romulus.  Patriis. 
He  was  borne  to  heaven  in  the 
chariot  of  Mars. 

379.  Falsceque  Patres,  &,~c. '  The 
fathers  were  accused  of  an  unsub- 
stantiated murder.'  So  Livy, 
'  qui  discerptum  regem  Patrum 
tnanibus  taciti  arguerent.' 

381.  Proculus.  A  Roman,  who 
pledged  liimsell  by  an  oath  to  the 
people,  in  order  to  satisfy  their 
doubts  about  Romulus,  that  he 
had  seen  and  heard  him  as  des- 
cribed in  the  text.  Longa  Alba. 
A  colony  from  Lavinium,  in  La- 
tium,  founded  by  Ascanius  the 
son  of  .^ilneas,  at  the  foot  of  the 
Mons  Albanus.  It  was  called 
Alba,  from  the  following  pro- 
phecy of  Helenus  ;  «  Quum  tibi 
solicito  secret!  ad  fluminis  undam 
Litoreis  ingens  inventa  sub  ilici- 
bus  sus,  Triginta  capituni  fetus 
enixa  jacebit,  Alba,  solo  recu- 
bans,  albi  circum  ubera  nati ;  Is 
locus  urbis  erit,  requies  ea  certa 
laborum.'  Virg.  JEtieid,  iii.  389, 
et  seq.  which  is  further  interpret- 
ed, that  thirty  years  after  the 
discovery  of  this  white  sow  with 
her  farrow,  the  city  should  be 
built  :here.  li  was  called  Longa, 
from  its  lengtii,  and  was  the  royal 
residence  until  the  building  of 
Rome,  as  foretold  by  Anchises ; 
'  Lavinia  conjux  Educet  silvis 
regem,  reguuique  parentem  :   Un- 


de  genus  Longa  nostrum  domin- 
abitur  Alba.'  ^^neid,  vi.  766.  It 
was  all  destroyed,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  its  temple,  by  TuUus 
Hostilius,  who  carried  the  inha- 
bitants to  Rome. 

382.  Lunaque Julgebat.  Surge- 
bat.  Petav.  So  Metam.  viii.  *  Sex- 
ta  resurgebant  orientis  cornua  lu- 
nae.'  Facis.  Fax-acis,  from  Gr. 
fao),  luceo. 

383.  Crepuere.  Thundered. 
SinistrcE.  Omens  on  the  left,  in 
whatever  position  the  augur  stood, 
were  generally  considered  lucky 
by  the  Romans,  Plant.  Pseud,  ii. 
4.  72.  Epid.  ii.  2,  1.  Stat.  Theb. 
iii.  493.  Serv.  in  Virq.  j3Sneid,  ii. 
693,  ix.  631.  Cic.  Legg.  iii.  3. 
Ovid.  Trist.  i.  8,  49  ;  but  some- 
times the  contrary,  Virg.  Eclop. 
i,  18,  ix.  15,  Ovid.  Epist.  ii.  115, 
Trist.  iv.  3,  69,  in  imitation  of 
the  Greeks,  whose  augurs  stood 
with  their  faces  to  the  north  ;  and 
then  the  east,  which  was  the  lucky 
quarter,  was  on  the  right.  '  Sinis- 
trum,  quod  bonum  sit,  nostri  no- 
minaverunt,  extemi,  (sc.  Grseci) 
dextrum.'  Cic.  Div.  ii.  36.  Hence 
dexter,  is  used  ior  felix  or  faustus, 
and  sinister  for  infelix  or  funestus. 
Thunder  on  the  left  was  a  good 
omen  in  every  case,  except  for 
holding  the  Comitia,  Cic.  I)iv,  i. 
7,39. 

385.  Humano  major.  So  Juve- 
nal, •  Sacra  et  major  imago  Hu- 
mana,' &c.  xiii.  221.  Trabeaque. 
See  supr.  i.  n.  37. 


84 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  II. 


Et  dixisse  simul :  '  Prohibe  lugere  Quirites  ; 

'  Nee  violent  lachrymis  numina  nostra  suis. 
'  Thura  ferant,  placentqiie  novum  pia  turba  Quirinum ; 

'  Et  patrias  artes  militiamque  colant.'  390 

Jussit,  et  in  tenues  oculis  evanuit  auras. 

Convocat  hie  populos,  jussaque  verba  refert. 
Templa  Deo  fiunt,  coUis  quoque  dictus  ab  illo  ; 

Et  referunt  certi  sacra  paterna  dies. 

STULTORUM  FERIiE,  ET  FORNACALIA. 


Lux  quoque  cur  eadeni  Stultorum  festa  vocetur, 
Accipe  :  parva  quidem  causa,  sed  apta  subest. 

Non  habuit  tellus  doetos  antiqua  colonos  ; 
Lassabant  agiles  aspera  bella  viros. 

Plus  erat  in  gladio  quam  curvo  laudis  aratro  ; 
Neglectus  domino  pauca  ferebat  ager. 

Farra  tamen  veteres  jaciebant,  farra  metebant ; 


395 


400 


387.  Dixisse  simul.  Dixisse 
viro.  Heins. 

388.  Nee  violent.  '  Nor  let  them 
insult,'  &c.  because  the  deifying 
of  their  sovereign  ought  to  be 
rather  a  matter  of  exultation  than 
regret. 

389.  Novum  Quirinum.  Just 
enrolled  among  the  gods  with  the 
title  of  Quirinus. 

390.  Patrias  artcs  colant.  So 
Virgil,  '  Tu  regere  imperio  po- 
pulos Romane  memento  ;  Hae  tibi 
erunt  artes :  pacisque  iroponere 
morem,  Parcere  subjectis  et  de- 
bellare  superbos.*  jEneid,  vi. 
853. 

391.  In  tenues  oculis.  In  (rnuem 
ex  oculis  evanuit  auram.    Heins. 

392.  Populos.  The  Romans 
and  Sabines.  Patres.  A\. 

393.  Deo.  Sc.  Romulus.  Col- 
lis  dictus.  Sc.  Quirinalis  ;  Festus, 
however,  gives  a  different,  and 
probably  the  more  correct  ac- 
count ;  *  Quirinalis  collis  qui 
nunc  dicJtur,  olim  Agonus  appel- 
labatur,  antequam  in  eum  com- 


migrarent  fere  Sabini  Curibus 
venientes,  &c.  A  quo  banc  ap- 
pellationem  sortitus  est.' 

394.  Certi  dies.  See  snpr.  i.  N. 
6.58.  The  Quirinalia  belonged 
also  to  the  class  of  Feriae  Statae 
or  Stativse.  Paterna.  Romulus 
was  generally  addressed  by  the 
title  of  Pater. 

395.  Lux  eadem.  The  same 
day  on  which  the  Quirinalia  was 
celebrated  was  appointed  for  the 
'  Stultorum  Festa,'  the  festival  of 
fools  ;  the  reason  is  stated  in  the 
text. 

396.  Parva  quidem,  &-c.  A 
trifling  indeed,  but  appropriate 
reason  is  suggested. 

397.  Non  habuit,  ^'c.  The 
primitive  earth  did  not  enjoy  e.\- 
perienced  husbandmen.  Lassa- 
bant. '  Gravis  armis  miles  ait, 
multo  jam  fractus  membra  la- 
bore.'  Horat.  Sat.  i.  1,  4.  '  Vel  si 
Romana  fatigat  militia,'  &c.  Id. 
ii.  3,  10.  Farra  jaciebant.  Used 
to  sow  corn  ;  so  xara.SaXXi/v 
asi-s^ua.  Demosth. 


DEC.  TERT.  KAL.  MART. 


85 


Primitias  Cereri  farra  resecta  dabant. 
Uslbus  admoniti,  flammis  torrenda  dedere  ; 

Multaque  peccato  damna  tulere  suo. 
Nam  modo  verrebant  nigr-is  pro  farre  favillas ; 

Nunc  ipsas  igni  corripuere  casas. 
Facta  Dea  est  Fornax  :  laeti  Fornace  coloni 

Orant,  ut  fruges  temperet  ilia  suas. 
Curio  legitimis  nunc  Fornacalia  verbis 

Maximus  indicit,  nee  stata.  sacra  facit : 
Inque  foro,  multa  circum  pendente  tabella, 


405 


410 


402.  Primitias.  "Az^a^^tcr  The 
first  fruits.  Cereri.  See  supr.  i. 
N.  127.  Resecta.   Reaped. 

403.  Usibus  admoniti.  Warned 
by  e.ijperience. 

404.  Multaque  peccato,  §"c.  By 
their  ignorance  of  the  proper  me- 
thod of  roasting  the  corn,  they 
suffered  many  and  severe  losses, 
sometimes  burning  it  to  ashes, 
nigras  pro  farre  favillas,  and  again 
setting  fire  to  their  cottages. 

407.  Dea  Fornax.  In  order  to 
remedy  the  evils  mentioned  above, 
a  deity  was  created,  called  For- 
nax, lit.  a  furnace,  to  whom  prayers 
and  off"erings  were  presented  to 
secure  them  against  loss  or  acci- 
dent at  this  particular  time.  The 
festival  so  instituted  in  honour 
of  this  deity,  was  called  Forna- 
calia. It  is  said  to  have  origi- 
nated with  Numa  :  '  Numa  in- 
stituit  Deos  fruge  colere,'  &c. 
'  Is  et  Fornacalia  instituit,  farris 
torrendi  ferias.'  Plin.  xviii.  2. 
This  festival  was  ranked  among 
the  Feriae  Imperativae,  those  oc- 
casionally appointed  by  order  of 
the  consul,  the  prsetor,  or  ponti- 
fex  maximus.  Infra.  409.  Nee 
stata,  S)-c. 

408.  Ut  fruges  temperet.  That 
she  should  moderate  the  heat  of 
the  grain  while  being  roasted. 
Ut  vires  temperet.  Al. 

409.  Curio.  The  Roman  peo- 
ple were  divided  into  three  tribes, 
by  Romulus,  and  each  tribe  was 


subdivided  into  ten  curia.  {Ila 
dicta  quod  iis  rerum  publicarunt 
cura  commissa  sit,  Fest.  velpotius 
a  Ku^ia,  sc.  iKKXr.iTia,  conventus 
populi  apud  Grcecos  ad  jubendiim 
vel  vetandum  quod  e  republica  ceii- 
seretesse.)  This  number  was  never 
varied,  although  the  tribes  were 
subsequently  increased  to  thirty- 
five.  Each  curia  had  formerly  a 
chapel  or  temple  for  the  celebra- 
tion of  the  sacred  rites,  Varr.  de 
L.L.  iv.  32.  Tacit.  Ann.  xii.  24. 
Dionys,  ii.  23.  He  who  presided 
over  one  curia  was  called  CURIO  ; 
quia  sacra  curabat.  Fest.  ;  and 
be  who  presided  over  all,  curio 
MAXIMUS.  This  officer  was  ap- 
pointed from  among  the  patri- 
cians, down  to  u.  c.  544 ;  after- 
wards from  the  plebeians.  Liv. 
xxvii.  Legitimis  verbis.  In  the 
form  prescribed  by  the  ritual. 
Indicit,  nee  stata.  See  supr.  N.  407. 
sub.  fin. 

411.  Multa  tabella.  To  each  of 
the  thirty  curiaj  was  attached  a 
tablet,  tabella,  upon  M'hich  the 
name  of  that  class  to  which  it 
belonged  was  engraved.  Some  of 
them  were  called  after  the  Sabine 
women,  who  had  been  carried 
away  by  the  Romans ;  others 
were  called  after  distinguished 
generals,  and  the  ancient  towns 
of  those  who  had  first  settled  in 
Rome.  Liv.  i.  13.  Fesius.  Varro 
apud  Dionys.  ii.  83.  Plutarch,  in 
Romulo,  and  others.     Seven  only 


86 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  II. 


Signatur  certa  curia  quaeque  nota, 
Stultaque  pars  populi,  quae  sit  sua  curia,  nescit : 
Sed  facit  extrema  sacra  relata  die. 


DUODEC.  KAL.  MART.  FERALIA. 

Est  honor  et  tumulis  ;  animas  placate  paternas, 

Parvaque  in  extinctas  munera  ferte  pyras. 
Parva  petunt  JNIanes  ;  pietas  pro  divite  grata  est 


415 


of  these  names  remain  upon  re- 
cord— Forensis,  Rapta,  Faucia  or 
Saucia,  Tatiensis,  Tifata,  Veli- 
eusis,  Velita. 

413.  Stultaque  pars  populi. 
Hence  Stultorum  Ferise ;  a  part 
of  the  people  not  having  found 
their  own  proper  curia,  at  the 
time  appointed  for  the  sacrifice, 
and  in  consequence  at  the  close  of 
the  day,  extrema  die,  the  rites 
of  the  Fornacalia  were  oblit^ed  to 
be  repeated,  sacra  relata,  &c. 

415.  Est  lionor  et  tumulis.  The 
Quirinalia  were  succeeded,  after 
an  interval  of  three  days,  by  the 
Feralia,  or  festival  in  honour  of 
the  dead,  during  which  offerings 
were  made  to  the  manes  of  the 
just.  This  custom  was  observed 
by  the  Greeks  also;  Mia^a]  i^s- 

Hesych.  The  Greek  month  An- 
thesterion,  included  a  portion  of 
the  February  and  March  of  the 
Romans. 

416.  In  extinctas  pyras,  i.e.  Iil 
busta.  Ou  the  tombs.  Servius 
explains  the  different  acceptations 
of  Pyra,  Rogus,  and  Bustum, 
Viry.  jEneid,  xi.  185.  et  seq. 
'  Constituere  pyras,  sc.  the  heaps 
of  wood  which  formed  the  funeral 
piles.  '  Subjectisque  igtiibusatris 
ter  circuni  accensos  Decurrere 
rogos ;'  the  pyrce  when  lighted, 
were  called  rogi.  '  Semiustaque 
servant  Busta;'  the  pyrce  so 
called  wlien  extinguished.  Pyra, 
however,   is  sometimes   used   iu 


the  sense  applied  to  rogus  above  ; 
'  Quem  vetus  accensa  separat  ira 
pyra.'  Ovid  in  Ibin.  36.  Ex- 
tinctas pyras  may  also  be  used 
for  extinctorum  pyras.  The  se- 
pulchres of  the  dead. 

417.  Manes.  From  manus,  i.e. 
bonus,  good.  The  shades  of  the 
dead.  According  to  Plato,  the 
souls  of  the  just  after  death  be- 
came Lares,  those  of  the  wicked, 
Lemures  or  Larva;  and  the  term 
manes  was  applied  to  those  whose 
state  was  uncertain,  from  the 
mixed  nature  of  their  deserts. 
Servius,  in  Virg.  JEneid,  iii.  6"3. 
says  that  manes  signifies  tlie  souls 
of  men  during  the  interval  be- 
tween their  departure  from  one 
body  and  their  taking  possession 
of  another,  according  to  the  Py- 
thagorean doctrines.  The  term 
is  applied  by  some  to  the  two 
genii,  the  good  and  evil,  which 
accompanied  individuals  from 
their  birth  to  their  grave,  and 
continued  to  inhabit  the  tombs 
even  after  the  bodies  had  been 
destroyed,  whence  the  prejudice 
against  those  who  profaned  se- 
pulchres, as  they  were  judged,  by 
having  done  so,  to  be  guilty  of 
impiety  towards  the  manes. 
Others  make  them  to  be  the  in- 
fernal deities.  Pietas  pro  divite, 
^•c.  So  Persius,  '  Quin  damus  id 
superis,  de  magna  quod  dare  lance 
Non  possit  magni  Jlessala;  lippa 
propago,  Compositum  jus  fasque 
animo,  sanctosque  recessus  Men> 


DUODEC.  KAL.  MART. 


87 


Miinere  ;  non  avidos  Styx  habet  ima  Deos. 
Tegula  projectis  satis  est  velata  coronis, 

Et  sparsse  fruges,  parcaque  mica  salis  :  420 

Inque  mero  mollita  Cereo,  violaeque  solutae ; 

Ha;c  habeat  media  testa  relicta  via. 
Nee  majora  veto  ;  sed  et  his  placalibis  umbra  est ; 

Adde  preces  positis  et  sua  verba  focis. 
Hunc  morem  ^Eneas,  pietatis  idoneus  auctor,  425 

Attulit  in  terras,  juste  Latine,  tuas. 
Ille  patris  Genio  solennia  dona  ferebat ; 

Hinc  populi  ritus  edidicere  pios. 
At  quondam,  dum  longa  gerunt  pugnacibus  armis 

Bella,  Parentales  desei'uere  dies.  430 


tis,  et  incoctum  generoso  pectus 
honesto.  Hsec  cedo  ut  admoveam 
templis  et  farre  litabo.'  Sat.  2. 
71.  et  seq. 

418.  Shjx  ima.  The  Styx,  a 
fountain  of  deadly  water,  between 
Nonacris  and  Pheneus,  here  used 
for  Inferi. 

419.  Tegula.  The  roof  or  cover- 
ing of  the  tomb.  The  first  syllable 
of  this  word  is  short,  but  its  usual 
quantity  is  departed  from  in  other 
instances.  Fast.  vi.  298.  In  Ibin. 
304.  Projectis  coronis.  With 
scattered  garlands.    See  Addenda. 

421.  Inque  mero  mollita  Ceres. 
Bread,  softened  by  being  steeped 
in  wine,  or  cakes  made  of  flour 
and  wine.  Violaque  solutce.  And 
scattered  violets. 

422.  Media  via.  The  tombs 
were  generally  placed  by  the  road 
side.  Testa,  qu.  tosta,  from  torreo. 
An  earthen  vessel.  Allusion  is 
doubtless  made  here  to  the  feast 
called  Silicernium,  {canafunehris 
quasi  in  silice,  vel  testa,  posita. 
Serv.  in  Virg.  jEneid,  v.  92,  vel 
quod  silentes  sc.  umbrse,  earn  cer- 
nehant  vel  parentantes  qui  non  de- 
gustabant.  Donatus  in  Ter. 
Adelph.  iv.  2,  48),  both  for  the 
dead  and  the  living.  Relicta.  Re- 
perta.   Nauger.  Relecta.  Heins. 

424.  Sua  verba.  Suitable  lan- 
guage. 


426.  Juste  Latine.  From  what 
has  been  recorded  of  Latinus, 
he  appears  to  deserve  all  that  is 
implied  by  the  epithet.  Terras 
tuas.   Latium. 

427.  Patris  Genio.  To  the 
manes,  or  shade  of  his  father. 
Solennia  dona.  The  customary 
offerings.  (The  word  solennis  is 
variously  derived ;  from  solium, 
i.e.  totum  and  annus,  by  Festus; 
by  others  from  Gr.  oXo;,  totus  and 
iTifivo;,  augustus ;  and  from  solus 
and  annus,  which  is  the  most 
probable.)  '  Annua  vota  tamen 
soleranesque  ordine  pompas  Ex- 
sequerer,  strueremque  suis  altaria 
donis.'  Virg.  ^neid,  v.  33,  54, 
praced.  et  seq. 

429.  Gerunt.  Legunt.  Voss. 
Zulich. 

430.  Parentales  dies.  The  days 
upon  which  the  oblations  or  sa- 
crifices to  the  dead,  inferice,  or 
parentalia,  were  made,  consisting 
of  urns,  victims,  garlands,  &c. 
They  are  sometimes  classed  with 
the  Ferise  Statte,  and  again  with 
the  Iraperativae.  The  offerings 
were  called  Feralia  Munera,  and 
the  act  of  presenting  them,  Alicui 
infer  ias  ferre,  vel  mi  ft  ere,  et  par- 
entare.  Cic.  Legg.W.  21.  Phil.  i. 
6.  So  Cffs.  de  Bell.  Gall.  Sa- 
guntinorum  manibus  vastatione 
Italia,   ^c.  parentatum   est;    an 


88 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  II. 


Noil  impune  fuit ;  nam  dicitur  omine  ab  isto 

Roma  suburbanis  incaluisse  rogis. 
Vix  equidem  credo  ;  bustis  exisse  feruntur, 

Et  tacitae  questi  tempore  noctis  avi : 
Perque  vias  Urbis,  Latiosque  ululasse  per  agros 

Deformes  animas,  vulgus  inane,  ferunt. 
Post  ea  prseteriti  tumulis  redduntur  honores  ; 

Prodigiisque  venit  funeribusque  modus. 
Dum  tamen  haec  fiunt,  viduse  cessate  puellae  : 


435 


atonement  was  made  to  the  ghosts 
of  the  Saguntini,  &c.  Parentare 
proprie  esiparentihusiynia.  facere, 
Ovid.  Amor.  i.  13,  4. 

431.  Non  impune  fuit.  This 
neglect  of  a  rite,  considered  so 
important,  was  not  allowed  to 
pass  with  impunity.  Omine.  so. 
Causa. 

432.  Suburbanis  rogis.  The 
Romans  would  not  permit  a  body 
to  be  burned  or  buried  within 
the  city,  for  two  reasons,  that 
the  priests  might  not  be  defiled 
by  accidental  contact  with  a 
corpse,  and  that  the  houses  might 
not  be  endangered  by  the  number 
and  extent  of  the  funeral  fires. 
For  instance,  the  Flamen  Dialis 
was  not  allowed  to  go  near  a 
giave,  Gell.  x.  15;  nor  the  high 
priest  among  the  Jews,  Levit. 
xxi.  11,  and  if  the  Pontifex  Max- 
imus  had  to  deliver  a  funeral  ora- 
tion, a  veil  was  laid  over  the  body 
to  conceal  it  from  his  sight.  The 
places  for  burial  were  either  pri- 
vate or  public;  the  private  in 
fields  or  gardens,  usually  near  the 
his^hway,  supr.  42*2,  that  they 
might  be  easily  seen,  and  remind 
the  passengers  of  their  mortality. 
Hence  the  frequent  inscriptions, 
'  Siste  Viator,'  <  Aspice  Viator,' 
&c.  on  the  Via  Appia,  Aurelia, 
Flaminia,  Tiburlina,  Sfc.  Liv.  vi. 
oQ,Juve7ial,\.  171,  Propert,\\i.  16, 
30.  The  public  places  of  burial 
for  the  rich  were  commonly  the 
Campus     Martins,    or     Campus 


Esquilinus,  granted  by  a  decree 
of  the  senate,  Cic.  Phil.  ix.  7 ; 
for  the  poor,  outside  the  Esqui- 
line  gate,  in  places  called  Puti- 
culse, '  quod  in  puteos  corpora  mit- 
tebantur,'  Varr.  de  L.  L,  iv.  5. 
Horal.  Sat.  i.  8,  8.  The  Vestal 
virgins  were  buried  within  the 
city,  quia  lepihus  non  tenebantur, 
Serv.  in  Virg.  JEn.  ix.  and  some 
illustrious  men,  as  Poplicola,  Tn- 
bertus,  and  Fabricius,  virtutis 
causa,  legibus  soluti ;  which  right 
descended  to  their  posterity,  but 
was  not  exercised.  The  rieht  of 
building  a  sepulchre  for  himself 
within  the  Pom  cerium,  was  de- 
creed to  Julius  Csesar,  as  a  sin- 
gular privilege,  Dio.  xliv.  7. 

433.  Bustis  exisse.  See  supr. 
N.  33.  Their  forefathers,  com- 
plaining throughout  the  period  of 
the  silent  night,  are  said  to  have 
issued  from  their  tombs.  So  upon 
the  death  of  Csesar,  '  Simulacra 
modis  pallentia  miris  Visa  sub 
obscurum  noctis,'  Virg.  Georg. 
i.  477,  and  Ovid,  on  the  same 
subject,  «  Umbrasque  silentum 
Erravisse  ferunt.' 

436.  Deformes  animas,  vulgus 
inane.  '  Unsightly  ghosts,  an 
unsubstantial  crowd.' 

437.  Prate)iti  honores.  The 
neglected  honours. 

438.  Venit  modus.  There  came 
an  end. 

439.  Vidua  cessate  puella.  'Ab- 
stinete  marilorum  complexibus." 
So  Forcellinus  explains  the  pas- 


DUODEC.  KAL.  MART.  89 

Exspectet  puros  pinea  taeda  dies.  440 

Nee  tibi,  quae  cupidae  matura  videbere  matri, 


sage,  and  proves  the  correctness 
of  the  word  puella  being  taken  in 
the  sense  of  a  '  married  woman,' 
from  Horat.  Od.  iii.  22,  2,  '  La- 
borantes  utero  puellas  ;'  and  Pro- 
pert.  El.  xiii.  o,  21,  34,  where 
puella  is  applied  to  Antiopa,  the 
mother  of  two  grown-up  sons, 
Zethus  and  Amphion  ;  also  Ovid, 
Heroid,  ep.  i.  11.5,  where  Pene- 
lope calls  herself  puella,  having 
already  given  birth  to  Telemachus. 
It  is  much  more  likely  that  puella 
is  to  be  understood  in  its  limited 
sense,  'young  virgins,'  and  so  op- 
posed in  a  degree  to  matura,  infr. 
441  ;  viduce  cessate,  '  continue 
unwedded ;'  this  explanation  is 
further  consistent  with  the  suc- 
ceeding lines,  which  evidently 
refer  to  the  marriage  ceremony. 
Vidua  is  frequently  understood  to 
mean  'alone,'  '  unmarried;'  '  Vi- 
duam  non  solum  earn,  quse  ali- 
quando  nupta  fuisset,  sed  earn 
quoque  mulierem,  quae  virum  non 
habuisset,  appellari  ait  Labeo ; 
quia  vidua  sic  dicta  est,  quasi 
vecors,  vesanus,  qui  sine  corde 
aut  sanitate  esset ;  similiter  vi- 
duam  esse  dictam,  sine  duitate.' 
And  again,  '  Universim  qusecun- 
que  seu  nupta  sive  innupta,  sine 
viro  cubat,  vidua  dicitur. '  Forcel. 
in  voc.  cit.  So  Livy  i.  46,  ad  jin. 
'  Se  rectius  viduam,  et  ilium  coe- 
libem  futurum  fuisse  contendere, 
quam  cum  imparl  jungi.'  It  is 
very  unlikely  that  vidua  puella 
should  mean  '  widows  ;'  or  that 
the  poet  should  commence  by 
impressing  his  injunctions  upon 
such,  because  independently  of 
its  being  inauspicious  to  re-marry 
at  such  a  time,  second  marriages 
were  not  considered  honorable  in 
women,  while  those  who  had  but 
once   married,    and   remained   in 


widowhood,  were  held  in  particu- 
lar respect.  Hence  univira  is 
often  found  in  ancient  inscrip- 
tions as  a  term  of  honour.  So, 
Uni  nupta,  Propert.  iv.  xdt.  Such 
as  married  a  second  time  were 
also  excluded  from  officiating  at 
the  annual  sacred  rites  of  Female 
Fortune.  Fortuna  Muliehris.  Di- 
onys.  viii.  56.  Val.  Max.  i.  8, 
4,  Serv.  in  Virrj.  jEneid,  iv.  19, 
Vidua  is  derived  from  iduare,  to 
divide,  qu.  valde  divisa,  vel  a  viro 
divisa. 

440.  Puros.  Auspicious.  Pinea. 
It  is  not  clear  whether  spinea, 
should  not  be  the  reading,  since 
the  sloetree  or  blackthorn,  sp/?Hzs, 
was  used  as  well  as  the  pine,  pi- 
nus,  for  torches  at  the  marriage 
ceremony;  see  supr.  x.  28.  Tceda. 
The  ceremony  was  performed  at 
the  house  of  the  bride's  father, 
or  nearest  relative.  In  the  even- 
in?  the  bride  was  conducted,  du- 
cebntur  vel  deducebatur,  to  her 
husband's  house.  She  was  taken 
apparently  by  force,  ahripiehatur, 
from  the  arms  of  her  m.other  or 
next  of  kin,  in  memory  of  the 
violence  used  towards  the  Sabine 
women.  Three  boys,  whose  pa- 
rents were  living,  attended  her ; 
two  of  them  supporting  her  by 
the  arm,  and  the  third  bearing  a 
flambeau,  tada  pinea  vel  spinea, 
before.  Feslus.  Catull.  lix.  15. 
Plin.  xvi.  18.  There  were  five 
other  torches  carried  before  her, 
called  Faces  Nuptiales,  Cic.  Clu- 
ejit.  6,  JMaritae,  Ovid.  Ep.  xi. 
101.  Legitimse,  Lucan.  ii.  .356. 
Plutarch  Q.  Rom.  2. 

441.  Cupida  matri.  In  allusion 
to  the  anxietv  of  mothers  for  the 
marriage  of  their  daughters.  Ma- 
tura. So  ^'^irgil,  '  Jam  matura 
viro,  jam  plenis  nubilis  antiis.' 

i2 


90 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  11. 


Comat  virgincas  liasta  recurva  comas. 
Conde  tuas,  Hymenaee,  faces,  et  ab  ignibus  atris 

Aufer;  babent  alias  mcesta  sepiilchra  faces. 
Di  quoque  templorum  foribus  celentur  opertis ; 

Thure  vacent  ara;,  stentque  sine  igne  foci. 
Nunc  animae  tenues,  et  corpora  functa  sepulchris 

Errant ;  nunc  posito  pascitur  umbra  cibo. 
Nee  tamen  hsec  ultra,  quam  tot  de  mense  supersint 


445 


442.  Comat  hasta.  The  hair  of 
the  bride  was  divided  into  six 
lociis,  with  the  point  of  a  spear. 
Plut.  in  Romul.  et  Quast.  86  vel 
87.  If  this  be  the  correct  inter- 
pretation, hasta  must  be  under- 
stood to  mean  the  acus  celiharis, 
the  'looa.riov  of  the  Greeks,  a  spe- 
cies of  small  spear  or  bodkin, 
used  for  the  purpose  already  men- 
tioned ;  however,  the  epithet  re- 
curva makes  it  appear  much  more 
likely  that  by  hasta  we  are  to  un- 
derstand the  acus  comatoria,  or 
crisping-pin,  Gr.  fioJvn,  with 
wiiich  the  bride's  hair  was  at  once 
aiTanged  and  adorned.  According 
to  Festus,  this  hasta  was  symbo- 
lical of  the  guardianship  exercised 
over  matrons,  matrojicc,  by  Juno 
Curitis,  so  called  from  curis,  i.  e. 
hasta, as  has  been  observed  before; 
Ol  of  the  bride  becoming  in  time 
the  mother  of  a  race  of  warriors  ; 
or  of  the  dominion  exercised  by 
the  husband  over  his  wife,  the 
spear  being  the  type  of  authority. 

443.  Hymenae.  Hymen,  or 
Hymenseus,  the  god  of  wedlock, 
sometimes  called  Hymen  Hy- 
meuffius,  was,  according  to  some, 
the  son  of  Bacchus  aud  Venus, 
others  make  him  the  sou  of  Apollo 
aud  Calliope,  or  Urania,  or  Clio. 
He  is  said  to  have  been  the  first 
to  ordain  the  ceremony  which 
makes  maiTiage  binding,  and 
hence  the  honours  paid  him  upon 
the  celebration  of  the  rite.  He 
is  said  by  some  to  have  been  the 
son    of  -Magnes,   highly  accom- 


plished in  the  art  of  music,  of  a 
beauty  approaching  to  feminine; 
and  that  he  expired  while  singing 
the  praises  of  Bacchus  upon  his 
marriage  A^nth  Althea  or  Ariadne. 
Ignibus  atris.  From  the  gloomy 
torches  of  the  Feralia.  See  Fast. 
vi.  205. 

444.  Alias.  Distinct. 

445.  Celentur.  The  temple 
doors  were  closed  in  order  that 
the  gods  and  their  priests  might 
be  secured  from  all  inauspicious 
sights.  It  is  said  that  the  statues 
of  the  deities  on  the  highways 
were  covered  with  a  veil  when 
likely  to  be  passed  by  a  funeral, 
&c.  Supr.  N.  432. 

447.  Corpora  functa  sepulchris. 
The  bodies  of  the  dead.  The 
phrase  functa  sepulchris,  is  equi- 
valent to  functus  falo,  Valer. 
Max.  i.  c.  ult.  N.  5,  or  functuf, 
morte.    Velleius,  ii.  49. 

448.  Posito  pascitur  umbra  cibo. 
During  the  Feralia,  banquets  used 
to  be  prepared  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  tombs,  upon  which  the 
manes  were  supposed  to  feast. 
It  was  thought  that  they  delight- 
ed in  blood,  TertuUian  de  Sped. 
whence  various  animals,  especially 
such  as  the  deceased  had  been 
fond  of,  were  slain  at  the  funeral 
pile,  and  thrown  into  it ;  Plin. 
viii.  40,  s.  61. 

449.  Nee  tamen,  ^r.  The  Fer- 
alia were  held,  xii.  Kal.  Mart, 
including  which,  there  were  eleven 
days  to  the  end  of  the  month, 
the  number  of  feet  in  a  hexame- 


DUODEC.  KAL.  MART.  91 

Luciferi,  quot  habent  carmina  nostra  pedes.  450 

Hanc,  quia  justa  ferunt,  dixere  Feralia  lucem  : 

Ultima  placandis  Manibus  ilia  dies. 
Ecce  anus  in  mediis  residens  vinosa  puellis, 

Sacra  facit  Tacitee  :  vix  tamen  ipsa  tacet. 
Et  digitis  tria  thura  tribus  sub  limine  ponit,  455 

Qua  brevis  occultum  mus  sibi  fecit  iter. 
Turn  cantata  ligat  cum  fusco  licia  rhombo, 


ter  and  pentameter  line,  qv.ot  ha- 
heiit,  §'c.  This  is  rather  a  fanciful 
periphrasis,  whereby  it  is  to  be 
understood  simply  that  the  Fer- 
alia lasted  for  one  day. 

431.  Justa.  Funeral  obsequies, 
so  called  from  jus,  'quia  haecmax- 
irae  defunctisdebentur.' 

454.  Tacitte.  The  goddess  of 
silence,  whose  worship  was  or- 
dained by  Numa.  The  poet  pro- 
ceeds to  recount  some  additional 
rites  accompanying  the  Feralia. 

455.  Tria  thura.  Three  grains 
of  fraukincense.  '  Tus  et  thus  l.i- 
chryma  exiguse  arboris  in  Arabia, 
qua  siccata  adoletur  in  sacris. ' 
Force!.  Sub  linniie.  Where  the 
slanderer»  who  were  to  be  si- 
lenced were  likely  to  pass,  and 
where  the  tiny  mouse,  &c. 

457.  Cantata.  Enchanted.  Cum. 
fusco  licia  rhombo.  Some  copies 
read  plumbo,  lead  having  been 
used  by  the  ancients  in  charms. 
The  reading  in  the  text  is  proba- 
bly tiie  more  correct,  as  the  same 
expression  occurs,  Ovid.  Amor.  i. 
el.  8,  8.  '  Scit  bene  quid  gramen 
quid  torto  concita  rhombo  Licia, 
quid  valeat  virus  amantis  equae.' 
Fusco,  alludes  to  the  colour  of 
the  licia,  clues  of  thread  which 
were  wound  round  the  spindle  or 
spinning-wheel,  rhombus.  They 
were  of  different  shades ;  '  Terna 
tibi  haec  primum  triplici  diversa 
colore  Licia  circumdo.'  Virg.  £cl. 
8,  73,  where  Servius, '  Bene  utitur 
liciis,  quae  ita  stamen  implicant, 


at  haec  adolescentis  mentem  im- 
plicarecontendit.'  From  this  com- 
ment, as  also  the  passage  in  the 
text,  the  reader  may  be  referred 
to  that  part  of  Southey's  noble 
poem,  Thalaba,  where  the  hero 
is  taken  in  the  snare  of  the  sor- 
ceress. 

'  He  found  a  woman  in  the  cave, 

A  solitary  woman. 
Who  by  the  fire  was  spinning. 
And  singing  as  she  spun. 
The  pine  boughs  they  blazed  cheerfully. 
And  her  face  was  bright  with  the  flame, 

Her  face  was  as  a  damsel's  face ; 

And  yet  her  hair  was  grey. 
She  bade  him  welcome  with  a  smile. 
And  still  continued  spinning. 

And  singing  as  she  spun. 
The  thread  the  woman  drew 

Was  finer  than  the  silkworm's. 

Was  finer  than  the  gossamer ; 
The  song  she  sung  was  low  and  sweet, 
And  Thalaba  knew  not  the  words. 


'  And  up  she  raised  her  bright  blue  eyes, 
And  sweetly  she  smil'd  on  him. 
And  he  concciv'd  no  ill ; 

And  round  and  round  his  right  hand, 

And  round  and  round  his  left, 

He  wound  the  thread  so  fine. 

And  then  again  the  woman  spake. 

And  still  her  speech  was  song; 

"  Now  thy  strength,  O  stranger,  strain ; 

Now  then  break  the  slender  chain." 


92 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  II. 


Et  septem  nigras  versat  in  ore  fabas. 
Quodque  pice  adstrinxit,  qiiod  acu  trajecit  ahena 

Obsiitum  maenaj  torret  in  igne  caput.  460 

Vina  quoque  instillat.     Vini  quodcunque  relictum  est, 

Aut  ipsa,  aut  comites,  plus  tamen  ipsa,  bibit. 
Hostiles  linguas,  inimicaque  vinximus  ora, 

Dicit  discedens,  ebriaque  exit  anus. 
Forsitan  a  nobis,  qua:  sit  Dea  Muta,  requiras.  465 

Disce,  pel"  antiquos  qua:  niilii  nota  senes. 
Jupiter,  indomito  Juturnae  captus  amore, 

Multa  tulit,  tanto  non  patienda  deo. 
Ilia  modo  in  silvis  inter  coryleta  latebat : 

Nunc  in  cognatas  desiliebat  aquas.  470 

Convocat  hie  Nymphas,  Latium,  quotcunque  tenebas  : 

Et  jacit  in  medio  talia  verba  choro  : 
Invidet  ipsa  sibi,  vitatque,  quod  expedit  illi, 

Vestra  soror  summo  nubere  laeta  Deo. 
Consulite  ambobus  :  nam  quee  mea  magna  voluptas,       475 


'  Tlialaba  strove,  but  the  thread 

Was  woven  by  magic  hands. 

And  in  his  cheek  the  flush  of  shame 

Arose,  commixt  with  fear. 

She  beheld  and  laughed  at  him. 

And  then  again  she  sung, 

"  My  thread  is  small,  my  thread  is  fine. 

But  he  must  be 

A  stronger  than  thee, 
Who  can  break  this  thread  of  mine. 
"  Sister,  sister !  hear  my  voicel 
Sister,  sister  !  come  and  rejoice ! 

The  web  is  spun, 

Xhe  prize  is  won. 

The  work  is  done. 
For  I  have  made  captive  Hodeirah'sson." ' 

The  intention  of  tlie  licia  in  the 
t6xt  was  to  bind  the  tongue. 

458.  Niyras  versar.  in  ore  fabas. 
Thi-3  was  also  done  at  the  Le- 
muralia. 

460.  MancE.  A  cackerel,  pil- 
chard, or  minnow,  whose  head 
was  roast  in  the  fire,  the  mouth 
having  been  closed  with  pitch, 
and  sewed  with  a  brass  needle. 


It  was  so  offered  as  an  emblem 
of  silence  to  the  goddess  Tacita. 
Obsutum.  So  Virgil.  Georg.  iv. 
'  Huic  geminse  nares  et  spiritus 
oris  Multa  reluctanti  obsuitur.' 
The  reading  of  this  passage  as  it 
stands  in  the  text,  was  selected, 
after  considerable  difficulty  and 
research,  by  the  indefatigable 
Heinsius. 

462.  Plus  tamen  ipsa.  Hence 
the  reading  vinosa  has  been  adopt- 
ed, V.  453,  instead  of  annosa. 

463.  Vinxinms.  We  have 
charmed  or  bound  by  magic  arts ; 
Forcel.  Vincire  is  a  term  pecu- 
liar to  such  enchantments. 

465.  Forsitan,  S(c.  The  poet 
proceeds  to  account  for  the  origin 
of  the  Dea  Muta. 

467.  JuturncE.  Her  history  has 
been  already  given. 

469.  Coryleta.   Copses  of  hazle. 

470.  Cognatas.  Because  she 
was  the  daughter  of  the  nymph 
Venilia,  and  a  Naiad.  There  was 
also  a  fountain,  called  Juturna, 
ia  Latium. 


DUODEC.  KAL.  MART. 


93 


Utilitas  vestrse  magna  sororis  erit. 
Vos  illi  in  prima  fugienti  obsistite  ripa, 

Ne  sua  fluminea  corpora  mergat  aqua. 
Dixerat :  annuerunt  omnes,  Tiberinides  udx, 

Quaeque  colunt  thalamos,  Ilia  diva,  tuos  480 

Forte  fuit  Nais,  Lara  nomine  :  prima  sed  illi 

Dicta  bis  antiquum  syllaba  nomen  erat, 
Ex  vitio  positum.     Saepe  illi  dixerat  Almo, 

Nata,  tene  linguam  ;  nee  tamen  ilia  tenet. 
Quie,  simul  ac  tetigit  Juturntc  stagna  sororis,  485 

EfFuge,  ait,  ripas  :  dicta  ref'ertque  Jovis. 
Ilia  etiam  Junonem  adiit :  miserataque  nuptara, 

Naiada  Juturnam  vir  tuus,  inquit,  amat. 
Jupiter  intumuit :  quaque  est  non  usa  modeste, 

Eripuit  linguam  :  Mercuriumque  vocat ;  490 

Due,  ait,  ad  Manes :  locus  ille  silentibus  aptus. 

Nymplia,  sed  inferna:  Nympha  paludis  erit. 
Jussa  Jovis  fiunt ;  accepit  lucus  euntes. 


478.  Mergat.  Mandet.  Heins. 
'  Heu  quis  salsis  fluctibus  mandet 
me  ex  sublimi  vertice  saxi.'  Alt. 
Philoc.  Cic.  Tusc.  Quast.  ii. 

479.  Tiberinides  udce.  The 
nymphs  of  the  river  Tiber. 

480.  Thalamos  tuos.  The  Anio, 
a  river  of  Italy,  falling  into  the 
Tiber,  three  miles  to  the  north  of 
Rome,  near  Antemnse,  and  rising 
in  a  mountain  near  Treba.  It  is 
here  called  the  thalamus  of  Ilia, 
because  she  is  supposed  to  have 
been  wedded  to  the  god  of  this 
river.  See  Horat.  Od.  i.  2,  where 
she  is  made  the  spouse  of  the 
Tiber. 

481.  Lara.  Called  also  Lar- 
anda.  Prima  sed  illi,  §-c.  The 
tirst  syllable  repeated,  Lala,  was 
her  former  name,  bestowed  from 
her  garrulity,  ex  vitio  positum, 
from  XaXuv,  garrire. 

483.  Almo.  The  father  of  the 
nymph  Lara.  A  rivulet  in  the 
territory  of  Rome,  running  from 
the  Via  Appia,  near  the  Porta 
Capena,  into  the  Tiber,  a  mile 
below  the  city.  Almon,  Ambros. 
Metam.  xiv. 


485.  Juturnm  stagna.  Beside 
Pallanteum,  and  not  far  from  the 
temple  of  Vesta. 

487.  Nuptam.   Sc.  Juno. 

489.  Quaque  est  non  usa  modeste. 
Which  she  had  used  indiscreetly. 

490.  Mercuriumque.  The  son 
of  Jupiter  and  Maia,  the  daugh- 
ter of  Atlas ;  the  messenger  of 
Jupiter  and  of  the  gods.  His 
name  is  derived  either  from  mer- 
ces,  because  he  was  the  patron  of 
merchants,  and  god  of  gain,  or 
qu.  Medicurrius,  '  quod  medius 
inter  deos  et  homines  currehaW 
The  insignia  of  Mercury  are  his 
Petasus,  or  winged  cap  ;  the  7a- 
laria,  or  winged  sandals  for  his 
feet;  and  a  caduceus,  or  wand, 
with  two  serpents  twined  round 
it,  in  his  hand.  Sometimes,  as 
the  god  of  merchants,  he  bears 
a  purse,  marsupium.  Horat.  Od. 
i.  10.  Virg.  Mneid,  iv.  '239,  viii. 
138.  Vocat.  Rogat.  A\.  Monet. 
Ursin.  Voss.  Zulich. 

492.  Infernce paludis.  The  Styx. 

493.  Lucus.  '  Sicdemuni  lucos 
Stygios,  regna  invia  vivis,  Aspi- 
cies.'   Virg.  jEneid,  n.  164. 


94 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  II. 


Dicitur  ilia  duci  turn  placuisse  deo. 
Vim  parat  hie  :  vultu  pro  verbis  ilia  precatur  ; 

Et  frustra  muto  nititur  ore  loqui. 
Fitque  gravis,  geminosque  parit,  qui  compita  servant, 

Et  vigilant  nostra  semper  in  urbe,  Lares. 


495 


UNDEC.  KAL.  MART.  CHARISTIA. 


Proxima  cognati  dixere  Charistia  cari, 

Et  venit  socias  turba  propinqua  dapes. 
Scilicet  a  tumulis,  et  qui  periere  propinquis, 

Protinus  ad  vivos  ora  referre  juvat ; 
Postque  tot  amissos,  quidquid  de  sanguine  restat, 

Aspicere,  et  generis  dinumerare  gradus. 
Innocui  veniant ;  procul  hinc,  procul  impius  esto 

Prater,  et  in  partus  mater  acerba  suos  : 
Cui  pater  est  vivax,  qui  matris  digerit  annos, 

Quae  premit  invisam  socrus  iniqua  nurum. 


500 


505 


494.     Duci — deo.      "^vxoffriXo; 

■zoii-xiilo;,  -^schyl.  Eumeu.  N:»- 
^^■s;ofji.zjo;  Luclan  in  Dial.  Mercur. 
et  Maiae. 

497.  Geminosque — Lares.  Dei- 
ties that  presided  over  the  public 
ways,  and  were  worshipped  where 
cross-roads,  compita,  met.  Forcel. 
According  to  the  nature  of  their 
charge,  the  Lares  were  called 
Urhani,  presiding  over  cities ; 
Familiares,  over  houses ;  Rusiici, 
over  the  country;  Compilales, 
over  cross-roads;  Marini,  over 
the  sea,  &c. 

499.  Proxima.  On  the  day  fol- 
lowing the  Feralia,  xi.  Kal.  Mart. 
Feb.  19th.  Charistia.  A  solemn 
festival  or  banquet,  at  which  none 
but  kinsfolk  met,  in  order  that  if 
there  had  been  any  contention  or 
misunderstanding  amongst  them, 
they  might  be  reconciled  again, 
their  ditferences  being  made  up. 

Val.  Max.  li.  1,  n.  S.    From  Gr. 

•^ccoi^oficci,  condono.      There   was 


a  festival  wont  to  be  held  in  Pa- 
dua, called  la  Dovienica  parentela, 
which  bears  a  close  resemblance 
to  the  Charistia. 

500.  Turba  propinqua.  Rela- 
tions and  kindred. 

301.  Scilicet,  Sfc.  '  It  isj  in 
sooth,  a  pleasure  to  bring  back 
our  discourse,  ora  referre,  at  once, 
to  the  living,  from  the  tombs  and 
the  relatives  who  are  no  more.' 
This  was  the  reason  why  the 
Charistia  followed  immediately 
the  Feralia,  and  not  as  has  been 
stated  in  a  note  on  the  passage, 
in  a  late  edition  of  the  Fasti, 
'  That  the  dead  might  visit  their 
friends,  and  have  their  share  of 
the  feast !'  A  moderate  acquaint- 
ance with  the  classics,  or  even 
common  sense,  could  not  fail  to 
detect  at  once  the  egregious  ab- 
surdity of  sucli  an  interpretation. 

507.  Vivax.  Too  long  lived. 
Matris  di<jerit  amws.  Computes 
the  years  his  mother  has  to  live. 

508.  Premit.   Harasses. 


UNDEC.  KAL.  MART. 


95 


Tantalidse  fratres  absint,  et  lasonis  uxor, 

Et  quae  ruricolis  semina  tosta  dedit ; 
Et  soror,  et  Progne,  Tereusque  duabus  iniquus ; 

Et  quicunque  siias  per  stelus  auget  opes. 
Dis  generis  date  thura,  boni :  Concordia  fertur 

lUo  praecipue  niitis  adesse  die. 
Et  libate  dapes,  ut  grati  pignus  honoris 

Nutriat  incinctos  mista  patella  Lares. 
Jamque  ubi  suadebit  placidos  nox  ultima  Somnos, 


510 


515 


509.  TantalidcB  fratres.  Atreus 
and  Thyestes,  sons  of  Pelops  ami 
Hippodamia,  and  grandsons  of 
Tantalus.  For  a  history  of  the 
crimes  of  this  family,  see  Class. 
Die.  Jasonis  uxor,   Medea. 

510.  Et  qua.  Ino,  daughter 
of  Cadmus  and  Harmonia,  mar- 
ried to  Athamas,  king  of  Thebes, 
after  he  had  divorced  Nephele, 
by  whom  he  had  Phryxus  and 
Helle.  Ino,  bent  upon  the  des- 
truction of  her  step-children,  who 
should  inherit  the  sovereignty  to 
the  prejudice  of  her  own,  Meli- 
certa  and  Learchus,  gave  the 
husbandmen  scorched  seed,  in 
expectation  that  the  failure  of  the 
harvest  would  be  followed  by  a 
famine,  and  that  the  augurs, 
whom  she  had  bribed,  would  in- 
sist, in  consequence,  upon  the  sa- 
crifice of  Phryxus  and  Helle  to 
appease  the  gods. 

511.  Et  soror.  Philomela,  the 
daughter  of  Pandion,  king  of 
Athens.  Tereus,  king  of  Thrace, 
havinsr  been  summoned  to  assist 
the  Athenians  in  war,  married 
Progne,  who  was  also  the  daugh- 
ter of  Pandion,  and  returned 
with  her  to  his  kingdom.  At  the 
request  of  Progne,  he  went  to 
Athens  again  to  bring  Philomela 
to  see  lier  sister,  and  having 
abused  her  on  the  way,  he  cut 
out  her  tongue.  But  Philomela 
sent  Progne  a  robe  upon  which 
she  had  depicted  the  perfidy  of 


Tereus,  and  in  revenge  Progne 
served  up  his  son  Itys  at  a  ban- 
quet on  his  return.  Tereus  would 
have  slain  her,  but  that  they  were 
changed  by  the  gods  into  birds. 
Progne  became  a  swallow,  Tereus 
a  hoopoe,  and  Philomela  a  night- 
ingale. 

513.  Dis  generis.  To  the  gods 
of  the  same  kindred.  Concordia. 
Sc.  Dea. 

515.  Libate  dopes.  Sc.  Diis. 
Ut  grati  pignus  honoris.  As  a 
token  of  grateful  respect. 

516.  Incinctos.  The  Lares  were 
represented  as  clothed  in  the  Ga- 
bine  habit,  which  covered  the  left 
shoulder,  leaving  the  right  bare. 
'  Bullaque  succinctis  Laribus  do- 
nata  pependit.'  Pers.  v.  .31.  They 
were  sometimes  clad  differently, 
see  supr.  i  428.  Mista.  Some 
copies  read  ynissa,  which  is  to  be 
taken  in  the  sense  of  oblata  : 
mista,  alludes  to  the  nature  of 
what  the  vessel  contained.  Pa- 
tella. A  broad  vessel,  or  dish, 
used  in  sacrifices.  Forcell.  «  Pa- 
tellse,  vascula  parva  sacris  facien- 
dis  apta,  quse  erant  velut  capidu- 
loe,  (large  pots  or  jugs,  with  han- 
dles or  ears,  used  at  sacrifices), 
quaedam.  In  his  apponebantur 
diis  cibi,  praesertim  Peuatibus 
Laribusque.'  Festus.  Hence  the 
Lares  were  called  Dii  Patellarii. 

517.  JVox  ultima. '  Night  far  ad- 
vanced ;'  to  shew  that  they  had 
allowed  full  time  for  the  purposes 


96 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  II. 


Parca  precatnrae  sumite  vina  manus : 
Et  '  Bene  nos,  Patriae,  bene  te,  Pater,  optime  Caesar,' 
Dicite  sutFuso,  per  sacra  verba,  mero.  520 


DEC.  KAL.  MART.  TERMINALIA. 


Nox  ubi  transierit,  solito  celebretur  lionore 

Separat  indicio  qui  Deus  arva  suo. 
Termine,  sive  lapis,  sive  es  defossus  in  agro 

Stipes,  ab  antiquis  sic  qiioque  numen  habes. 
Te  duo  diversa  domini  pro  parte  coronant ; 

Binaque  serta  tibi,  binaque  liba  ferunt. 
Ara  fit;  hue  ignem  curto  fert  rustica  testu 

Sumptum  de  tepidis  ipsa  colona  focis. 
Ligna  senex  minuit,  concisaque  construit  alte  ; 


525 


of  the  festival.     So  Virgil,  '  Sua- 
dentque  cadentia  sidera  soranos.' 

518.  Parca.  Sufficient  for  a 
llbatiou.  Precatura  sumite  ma- 
ims, sc,  Precaturi  manibus  su- 
mite. 

519.  Et,  Sfc.  'And  having 
poured  out  the  wine,  say,  in  the 
form  prescribed,  per  sacra  reria, 
'  May  it  be  well  with  us,  with  our 
country  and  with  thee,  Father, 
most  noble  Csesar.'  The  health 
of  Augustus  was  always  given 
at  private  and  public  entertain- 
ments, according  to  a  decree  of 
the  senate  to  that  effect.  So 
Horace,  '  Te  mensis  adhibet  De- 
um;  te  multa  prece,  te  prosequi- 
tur mero,  Diifuso  pateris,  et  La- 
ribus  tuum  miscet  numen.' 

521.  A'b.r  ubi  transierit.  On 
the  X.  Kal.  Mart.  Feb.  '20th,  the 
Terminalia,  or  festival  of  Termi- 
nus was  lield. 

523.  Termine.  From  Gr.  rs^^a, 
the  god  who  presided  over  boun- 
daries, and  was  supposed  to  pun- 
ish all  unjust  usurpation  of  land. 
The  worship  of  this  deity  was 
ordained  by  Numa,  and  his  sym- 
bols, whether  stones  or  trunks  of 


trees  which  separated  their  diffe- 
rent possessions,  were  annually 
crowned  by  the  people  of  the 
country  with  wreaths  of  flowers, 
and  victims  were  offered  in  honour 
of  each  Terminus  or  landmark. 

525.  Duo  domini.  The  posses- 
sors of  the  territory  at  either  side 
of  the  landmark.  This  alludes 
to  the  private  sacrifice,  the  public 
was  celebrated  at  the  sixth  mile- 
stone from  the  city. 

527.  Curto  testu.  '  In  a  broken 
pan  ;'  evincing  the  poverty  of  the 
country  woman.  So  Juvenal, 
'  cerebrum  Testa  ferit  quoties 
rimosa  et  curta  fenestris  Vasa 
cadunt.'  Sat.  iii.  70.  For  testu 
some  propose  testa  and  testo  ; 
however,  it  occurs  again  else- 
where, and  Petron.  in  Satyr,  c.  1 37, 
a  mcd.  '  Animadverto  Enotheam 
cum  testu  ignis  pleno  venientem  ;' 
and  in  other  places.  Testins  a  neu- 
ter noun,  indeclinable;  some  make 
it  the  ablative  of  Testus — us — ui, 
masc:  but  without  any  authority. 
Colona  is  supposed,  with  good 
reason,  to  be  used  for  colonia, 
such  a  figure  being  common. 
Forcel. 


DEC.  KAL.  MART.  97 

Et  solida  ramos  figere  pugnat  humo.  530 

Dum  sicco  primas  irritat  cortice  flammas, 

Stat  puer,  et  manibus  lata  canistra  tenet. 
Inde,  iibi  ter  fruges  medios  immisit  in  ignes, 

Porrigit  incisos  filia  parva  favos. 
Vina  tenant  alii ;  libantur  singula  flammis  ;  535 

Spectant,  et  linguis  Candida  turba  favent. 
Spargitur  et  caeso  communis  Terminus  agno  , 

Nee  queritur,  lactens  ciim  sibi  porca  datur. 
Conveniunt,  celebrantque  dapes  vicinia  simplex  ; 

Et  cantant  laudes,  Termine  sancte,  tuas.  540 

Tu  populos,  urbesque,  et  regna  ingentia  finis ; 

Omnis  erit  sine  te  litigiosus  ager. 
Nulla  tibi  ambitio  est ;  nullo  corrumperis  auro : 

Legitima  servas  credita  rura  fide. 
Si  tu  signasses  olim  Thyreatida  terram,  545 


530.  Ramos.  The  stakes  by 
which  the  pile  of  wood  was  pre- 
vented from  falling  about.  Pug- 
nat.  Strives. 

.53*2.  Puer.  Called  Camillus,  a 
boy  of  noble  birth,  whose  parents 
should  both  be  living,  wa/j  'a^ip/- 
iaXr,i.  The  boy  who  attended  the 
sacrifices  with  the  Flamen  Dialis 
was  called  Flaviinius  Camillus.  It 
is  supposed  by  some  that  Camil- 
lus was  formerly  synonymous 
with  puer.  Canistra,  Osier  bas- 
kets, qu.  from  canna.  Tliey  con- 
tained whatever  was  necessary 
for  the  sacrifice — the  knife,  the 
niolae  salsaj,  and  the  chaplets. 
So  ^schines,  Evij^xrai  fiiv  ra  xcc- 
va  ;  '  canistrorum  jam  ccepta  est 
circumventio ;  '  the  sacred  rites 
are  now  begun ;'  and  Schol. 
Bekk.  in  loc.  cit.  Ta  kolvo,  io^Th 
Tap'  'A^r,vaiois,  in  n  at  -Ttagiivoi  n^a. 
Tito.  SriUriTPo;  iv  xavoi;,  rtyouv  £v  «a- 
viincoi;,  IfiaiTTdi,/»  Iwt  KiifaXni'  Shy 
KOnvt^'oBoi  xi»>^tivTai,  Oiavii  lUT^i-uri 
ri^i   Ikt)    to.  xaviffKa    ra  'Zgo;  Svffia,;. 

And  Eurip.  Iph.  Aul.  1471.  Ka- 

►a'  S'    ivecpXi'i'^^u  ri;  ;     and     15G8, 

Electr.  1142.   Aristoph.  A  v.  851. 

534.  Porrigit.    Offers.   Incisos 


favos.    Sliced  honeycomb.    Filia 
parva,  called  Camilla. 

535.  Libantur  singula  Jlammis. 
A  portion  of  each  was  thrown 
into  the  fire. 

536.  Linguis  Javent.  Abstain 
from  words  of  ill  omen.  Candi- 
da. Either  clad  in  white,  or  re- 
ligious, reverent. 

537.  Caso  agno.  So  Horace, 
'  agna  festis  cajsa  Terminalibus.' 
Communis.  To  those  whose  land 
was  divided. 

5S9.  Celebrantque  dapes.  'Throng 
the  feast.'  So  Cicero,  '  Domus 
mea  quotidie  celebratur.' 

545.  Thyreatida  terram.  Thy- 
rea  was  a  town  in  the  Ager  Cy- 
nurius,  on  the  confines  of  Laco- 
nia  and  Argolis.  The  Lacedse- 
mouians  and  Argives  in  conse- 
quence, each  laid  claim  to  it,  and 
it  was  agreed  to  decide  their 
claims  by  the  sword.  Three 
hundred  men  were  chosen  as 
champion»  on  either  side,  and  of 
all  but  three  survived ;  of  the 
Argives,  Alcenus  and  Matbinus, 
and  of  the  Lacedaemonians,  0th- 
ryades.  The  two  former  left  the 
field  as  triumphant,  but  the  latter 


98 


FASTORUM,  LIB.    II. 


Corpora  non  letho  missa  trecenta  forent : 
Nee  foret  Othryades  congestis  tectus  in  armis  : 

O  quantum  jxitriae  sanguinis  ille  dedit ! 
Quid,  nova  cum  fierent  Capitolia  ?  nempe  Deorum 

Cuncta  Jovi  cessit  turba  locumque  dedit.  550 

Terminus,  ut  veteres  memorant,  conventus  in  aede 

Eestitit ;  et  magno  cum  Jove  templa  tenet. 
Nunc  quoque,  se  supra  ne  quid  nisi  sidera  cernat, 

Exiguum  templi  tecta  foramen  habent- 
Termine,  post  illud  levitas  tibi  libera  non  est ; 

Q,ua  positus  fueris  in  statione,  mane. 
Nee  tu  ^''cino  quicquam  concede  roganti, 

Ne  videare  hominem  praeposuisse  Jovi. 
Et,  seu  vomeribus,  sen  tu  pulsabere  rastris, 

Clamato,  '  Meus  est  hie  ager,  ille  tuus.' 
Est  via,  quse  populum  Laurentes  ducit  in  agros, 

Quondam  Dardanio  regna  petita  duci. 
Iliac  lanigeri  pecoris  tibi,  Termine,  fibris 

Sacra  videt  fieri  sextus  ab  Urbe  lapis. 


555 


560 


had  strength  remaining  to  collect 
a  sufficient  quantity  of  spoila  to 
raise  a  trophy,  which  he  inscribed 
with  his  own  blood  to  Jupiter 
Tropseuchus.  Each  party  claim- 
ing the  victory,  hostilities  were 
renewed,  which  terminated  in  the 
success  of  the  Lacedaemonians, 
by  whom  their  conquest  was  ce- 
lebrated yearly  with  a  festival,  at 
which  the  presideiits  wore  crowns 
— called  Coronaj  Tliyreatica?. 

546.  Trecenta.  From  the  pre- 
ceding note  it  must  appear  that 
the  poet  is  mistaken. 

547.  Congestis  armis.  Alluding- 
to  the  trophy. 

548.  O  quantum,  sc.  By  having 
tau.^ed  a  second  engagement. 

549.  Quid,  nova,  ^c.  When 
Tarquinius  Superbus  was  pre- 
paring to  erect  a  temple  to  Jupi- 
ter on  the  Tarpeian  rock,  the 
rest  of  the  deities  consented,  hav- 
ing been  consulted  by  auyuries, 
that  their  shrines,  sacella,  should 
be  removed,  exaugurari ;  Termi- 
uus,   however,    when    consulted, 


conveiitus,  refused,  in  ade  restitit; 
(Livy  mentions  that  Juventas 
also  declined  being  moved  ;  v.  54) 
and  this  was  regarded  by  the  Ro- 
mans as  an  omen  of  the  strength 
and  stability  of  their  empire. 

553.  Se  supra.  When  the  tem- 
ple, alluded  to  above,  was  built, 
an  aperture  was  left  in  the  roof, 
over  the  statue  of  Terminus, 
whom  it  was  supposed  improper 
to  confine  within  any  limits; 
hence  the  custom  of  sacrihcing 
to  this  deity  in  the  open  air. 

555.  Post  illud.  Thenceforward ; 
from  the  time  he  had  refused  to 
give  way  to  Jove.  Levitas.  In- 
constancy. Libera  non  est.  Is  not 
permitted  you. 

561.  Est  via.  The  Via  Lau- 
rentina,  between  the  Via  Hosti- 
ensis  and  Via  Appia. 

562.  Dardanio  duci.  iEneas. 
See  i.  469. 

563.  Jllac,  8fc.  The  public  sa- 
crifice was  formerly  celebrated  in 
honour  of  Terminus  at  the  dis- 
tance   of  six  miles   from  Rome, 


SEPT.  KAL.  MART. 

Gcntibus  est  aliis  tellus  data  limite  certo  ; 
Romanae  spatium  est  Urbis  et  orbis  idem. 


9& 

565 


SEPT.  KAL.  MART.   REGIFUGIUM. 

Nunc  dicenda  mihi  Regis  fuga ;  traxit  ab  ilia 

Sextus  ab  extremo  nomina  mense  dies. 
Ultima  Tarquinius  Romanae  gentis  habebat 

Regna  ;  vir  injustus,  fortis  ad  arma  tamen- 
Ceperat  hie  alias,  alias  everterat  urbes  ; 

Et  Gabios  turpi  fecerat  arte  suos. 
Namqiie  trium  minimus,  proles  manifesta  Superbi, 

In  medios  hostes  nocte  silente  venit. 
Nudarant  gladios  :  '  Occidite,  dixit,  inermem.' 

'  Hoc  cupiant  fratres,  Tarquiniusque  pater, 
*  Qui  mea  cnideli  laceravit  verbere  terga.' 

Dicere  ut  hoc  posset,  verbera  passus  erat. 
Luna  fuit ;  spectant  juvenem,  gladiosque  recondunt ; 


670 


£75 


whose  sway  extended  subsequently 
over  the  habitable  globe. 

567.  Nunc.  On  the  vii.  Kal. 
Mart.  Feb.  23d.  Regis  fuga.  The 
banishment  of  Tarquinius  Super- 
bus  and  his  family  from  Rome, 
whence  the  festival  was  called 
Regifngium. 

568.  Sextus.  Quintus,  Neapol. 
which  is  given  upon  the  authority 
of  the  ancient  kalendar.  Septimus 
extremo.  Hamburg.  See  Fast.  v. 
671,  upon  which  Forcel.  '  Hie 
dies  (xi.  Kal.  Jun.)  festus  rectius 
Fuga  regis  Tocatur.'  According 
to  the  kalendar  engraved  by  order 
of  Augustus  on  tables  of  stone, 
this  festival  was  celebrated  on  the 
VI.  Kal.  Mart.  Feb.  24tb. 

570.  Vir  injustus.  An  usurper, 
liaving  murdered  his  father-in- 
law,  Servius  Tullius,  to  obtain 
the  throne.  Fortis  ad  arma.  He 
was,  however,  an  able  general,  as 
appears  from  his  successes  over 
the  Volsci,  his  capture  of  Suessa 
Pometia,  their  principal  town, 
&c. 

572.  Gabios.     A  town  of  La- 


tium,  nearly  mid-way  between 
Rome  to  the  west,  and  Praeneste 
to  the  east.  It  was  founded  by 
two  brothers  from  Sicily,  Galac- 
tus  and  Bius.  Turpi  arte.  The 
nature  of  the  fraud  is  given  in  the 
text ;  hence  Juvenal  '  Simplicibns 
Gabiis.'  3.  192. 

57.3.  Minimus,  so.  natu.  Sextus 
was  the  youngest  of  the  three 
brothers.  Proles  manifesta.  His 
character  proved  him  to  be  the 
offspring  of  Tarquinius  Super- 
bus. 

574.  Hostes,  sc.  Gabinos,  with 
whom  his  fatber  was  at  war. 

575.  Nudarant  yladios.  With 
the  intention  of  putting  him  to 
death.  Occidite,  Sfc.  So  Sinon, 
'  Jamdudum  sumite  pcenas.  Hoc 
Ithacus  velit,  et  magno  mercentur 
Atridae.'   Virg.  ^neid,  ii.  104. 

576.  Fratres.  Titus  and  Aruns. 

578.  Dicere  ut  hoc,  Sfc.  He  had 
submitted  to  be  scourged  in  tl>fc 
public  forum  at  Rome,  that  he 
might  have  the  stripes  to  sh&w 
in  proof  of  his  veracity  at  Gabii, 

579.  Luna.  Moonlight. 


100 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  II. 


Tergaque  deducta  veste  notata  vident.  580 

Flent  quoque,  et,  ut  secum  tueatur  bella,  precantur. 

Callidus  ignaris  anniiit  ille  viris. 
Jamque  potens,  misso  genitorem  appellat  amico, 

Prodendi  Gabios  quod  sibi  monstret  iter. 
Hortus  odoratis  suberat  cultissimus  herbis,  585 

Sectus  humum  rivo  lene  sonantis  aquae. 
Illic  Tarquinius  mandata  latentia  nati 

Accipit ;  et  virga  lilia  summa  metit. 
Nuncius  ut  rediit,  decussaque  lilia  dixit ; 

Filius,  '  Agnosco  jussa  parentis/  ait.  590 

Nee  mora  ;  principibus  caesis  ex  urbe  Gabina, 

Traduntur  ducibus  mcenia  nuda  suis. 
Ecce,  nefas  visu;  mediis  altaribus  anguis 


583.  Jamque  potens.  He  ingra- 
tiated himself  easily,  so  as  to  se- 
cure the  confidence  of  the  unsus- 
pecting Gabini,  and  finally  to  be 
placed  at  the  head  of  their  state. 
'  Dux  ad  uUimum  belli  legitur ; 
it  ill  tanto  caritate  esse  ccepit,  ut 
non  pater  Tarquinius  potentior 
Romse  quam  filius  Gabiis  esset.' 
Liv. 

585.  Suberat.  Was  at  hand. 

586.  Sectus  Inimvm,  i.  c.  quoad 
humum.  Having  its  soil  divided 
by  a  gentle  rill  of  purling  water. 

587.  Mandata  latentia.  The 
secret  instructions. 

588.  Lilia.  According  to  Livy 
and  Dionysius,  Tarquin  struck  oft' 
the  heads  of  the  tallest  poppies  ; 
<  Ibi  inambulans  tacitus,  summa 
papaverura  capita  dicitur  baculo 
decussisse.'  Liv.  Thrasybulus  of 
Miletus  is  said  to  have  made  an 
equally  significant  reply  to  a  mes- 
senger sent  him  by  Periander  the 
tyrant  of  Corinth,  to  inquire  liovv 
his  reign  might  be  best  made  du- 
rable. The  messenger  was  taken 
to  a  corn  field,  where  Thrasybulus 
cut  off  the  heads  of  tiie  tallest 
stalks.  This  was  not  thrown  away 
upon  Periander  either,  for  he 
immediately  destroyed  the  noblest 
and   wealthiest   of    his   subjects. 


Hence  it  may  be  easily  seen  what 
branch  of  the  state  is  most  obnox- 
ious to  the  cravings  of  a  tyrant. 
High  birth,  and  its  proper  twin, 
high  principle,  if  men  knew  bet- 
ter, are  obstacles  insurmountable 
to  heartless  and  profligate  ambi- 
tion.    See  infr,  593-4. 

591.  Principibus  casis.  '  Pri- 
raores  civitatis,  criminando  alios 
apud  populum,  alios  sua  ipsos  in- 
vidia  opportunos  interemit,'  &c. 
Liv. 

592.  Traduntur.  '  Orba  con- 
silio  auxilioque,  Gabina  res  regi 
Romano  sine  uUa  dimicatione  in 
manum  traditur.'  Id. 

593.  Ecce,  Sec.  Upon  the  cap- 
ture of  Gabii,  Tarquin  made  peace 
with  the  Volsci,  renewed  his  league 
with  the  Tuscans,  and  turned  his 
attention  to  improving  the  city 
of  Rome  ;  while  engaged  in  this 
design,  the  portent  appeared  as 
described  in  the  text.  There  were 
three  remarkable  things  connect- 
ed with  this  portent,  as  men- 
tioned by  the  poet,  the  issuing  of 
a  snake  from  amongst  the  altars, 
its  devouring  the  entrails,  and  the 
extinguishing  of  the  fires.  Livy 
mentions  merely  that  the  snake 
came  out  of  a  wooden  pillar,  be- 
longing   to    the    ancient   Capitol 


SEPT.  KAL.   MART. 


101 


Exit,  et  extinctis  ignibus  exta  rapit. 
Consulitur  Phcebus.     Sors  est  ita  reddita  :  '  Mati  i  -5^ 

'  Qui  dederit  princeps  oscula,  victor  erit.' 
Oscula  quisque  sua^  matri  properata  tulerunt, 

Non  intellecto  credula  turba  Deo. 
Brutus  erat  stulti  sapiens  imitator,  ut  esset 

Tutus  ab  insidiis,  dire  Superbe,  tuis.  600 

Ille  jacens  pronus  matri  dedit  oscula  Terrae, 

Creditus  ofFenso  procubuisse  pede. 
Cingitur  interea  Roman  is  Ardea  sign  is, 

Et  patitur  lentas  obsidione  moras. 
Dum  vacat,  et  metuunt  hostes  committere  pugnam,       605 

Luditur  in  castris  ;  otia  miles  agit. 


probably,  and  proceeded  towards 
the  palace. 

595.  Consulitur  Phoebus.  Titus 
and  Aruns,  their  brother  having 
been  designedly  left  behind,  were 
sent  to  Delphi  to  consult  the 
oracle  upon  this  portent,  on  which 
occasion  they  asked  also  who  was 
to  succeed  their  father  as  king. 
To  this  latter  query,  to  \a  Inch  the 
poet  does  not  allude,  was  given 
the  answer  in  the  text.  '  Pert'ectis 
patris  mandatis,  cupido  incepit 
animos  Juvenum  sciscitandi,  ad 
queni  eorura  regnuni  Romanum 
esset  venturum.'  Liv.  Surs.  The 
response. 

596.  Princeps.   First, 

397.  Quisque.  According  to 
Dionysius,  the  two  youths  agreed 
to  conceal  the  oracle  from  their 
brother,  and  that,  having  both 
kissed  their  parent  at  the  same 
time,  they  should  reign  conjoint- 
Iv.  Livy,  however,  states  that 
they  left  it  to  chance  which  should 
fo  snlute  her  first.  Properata. 
In  allusion  to  the  haste  with 
which  they  returned. 

598.  Credula  turba.  Titus  and 
Aruns,  who  misinterpreted  the 
oracle,  whence  credula,  and  non 
intellecto  Deo. 

599.  Brutus.     His  father,  M. 


Junius,  and  elder  brother,  w^ere 
both  put  to  death  by  Tarquin, 
who  coveted  their  wealth  ;  in  or- 
der to  escape  a  similar  fate,  L.  J. 
Brutus  (see  infr.  723)  counter- 
feited idiocy,  and  was  retained 
at  the  court  of  Tarquin  for  the 
amusement  of  his  sons.  •  Ex  in- 
dustria  fact  us  ad  imitationem 
stultitia;,  quum  se  suaque  praed» 
esse  regi  sineret,  Bruti  quoque 
haud  abnuit  cognomen ;  ut  sub 
ejus  obtentu  coguominis  liberator 
ille  populi  Romani  tempora  oppe- 
riretur  sua.'  Liv. 

601.  Pronus.  Prostrate.  Matri 
Terra.  '  Scilicet  quod  ea  con!- 
munis  mater  omnium  mortaliun» 
esset.'   Liv. 

602.  Offense  pede.  so.  Havins; 
stumbled. 

603.  Ardea.  A  town  of  La- 
tium,  twenty-three  miles  distant 
from  Rome,  founded  by  Danae, 
daughter  of  Acrisius  ;  Virg. 
yEneid,  vii.  409,  et  seq.  so  called 
either  from  an  augury  taken  from 
a  heron,  ardea,  Hi/gin.  or  from 
the  excessive  heat  of  the  country, 
nrdor.  Martial.  It  was  besieged 
by  Tarquin,  on  the  pretence  that 
it  had  received  some  Roman  ex- 
iles, and  was  conspiring  to  effect 
their  return. 

k2 


102 


FASTORUM,  LIB.   II. 


Tarquinius  juvenes  socios  dapibusque  meroque 

Accipit ;  atque  illis  rege  creatus  ait : 
'  Dum  nos  cUfficilis  pigro  tenet  Ardea  bello, 

'  Nee  sinit  ad  patrios  arma  referre  Deos  ;  610 

'  Ecquid  in  officio  torus  est  socialis  ?  et  ecquid 

'  Conjugibus  nostris  miitua  cura  sumus  ?' 
Quisque  suam  laudat ;  stiidiis  certamina  crescunt ; 

Et  fervent  multo  linguaque  corque  mere. 
Surgit,  cui  clarum  dederat  Collatia  nomen  ;  615 

'  Non  opus  est  verbis  ;  credite  rebus  ;  ait. 
Nox  superest ;  tollamur  equis,  Urbemque  petamus.' 

Dicta  placent;  froenis  iuipediuntur  equi, 
Pertulerant  dominos  ;  regalia  protinus  illi 

Tecta  petunt :  custos  in  fore  nullus  erat.  620 

Ecce  nurum  regis  fusis  per  colla  coronis 

Inveniunt  posito  pervigilare  mere. 


607.  Juvenes.  So  Heins.  The 
Delphin  edition  reiM.h  juvenis,  and 
refers  it  to  Sextus  Tarquinius, 
which,  from  what  follows,  maybe 
considered  the  more  correct. 

608.  Atque  illis.  At  a.  ex  illis, 
sc.  sociis.  A  I.  Ex  illifi  so.  dapibus, 
j.  e.  post  canam,  Delph. 

609.  Difficilis.  So  called  from 
the  strenuous  opposition  made  by 
the  Ardeates,  'difBciles  fores,' 
Propert.  Eteg.  1.  6. 

611.  Ecquid.  ^c.  Whether  does 
the  nuptial  bed  abide  in  its  fideli- 
ty ?  torus  socialis,  is  used  for  tori 
socio;.  In  officio,  lit.  in  the  dis- 
charge of  its  duty.  Tr.  Are  our 
wives  faithful  ? 

613.  Studiis.  By  their  zeal  in 
the  commendation  of  their  res- 
pective v.ives. 

610.  Collalid.  A  town  of  the 
Sabines,  situated  on  an  eminence 
•'  Collatinas  moutiliusarces.'  Virg. 
-Eneid,  vi.  744,  four  or  five  miles 
distant  from  Ri>me  to  the  east. 
So  called  '  quod  ibi  opes  aliarum 
civitatum  fuerint  coUntcE.'  Vurr. 
Tarquinius  Collatinus  was  so 
named  from  his  fruln^r  Egerius 
haviufif  been  aj)pointed  erovernor 
of  Collatia  after  its  capture   by 


his  uncle  Tarquinius  Superbus. 
The  epithet  clarum  alludes  most 
probably  to  the  glory  subsequent- 
ly attached  to  the  name  of  Col- 
latinus, when  he  and  L.  J.  Brutus 
were  appointed  the  first  consuls 
at  Rome. 

616.  Rebus.  '  Quin — conscen- 
dimus  equos,  invisimusque  prae- 
sentes  nostrarum  ingenia  ?  Id 
cuique  spectatissimum  sit,  quod 
necopinato  viri  adventu  occurre- 
rit  oculis.'  Liv. 

618.  Franis  impediuntur.  Are 
bridled. 

619.  Pertulerant  dominos.  They 
had  conveyed  their  masters  to  the 
place  of  destination.  Perfero. 
'  Usque  ad  locum  destinatum,  vel 
usque  ad  tineni  constitutum  fero.' 
Fovcel. 

620.  In  fore,  sc.  ad  fores.  Cus- 
tos nullus.  A  proof  of  the  care- 
lessniss  of  those  within. 

621.  Nurum  regis.  Thedangli- 
ter-in-law  of  Tarq.  Superb,  wife 
of  Sextus  T.  Fusis  coronis.  The 
wreaths  with  wliich  her  hair  was 
braided  havine  fallen  down,  from 
the  effects  of  her  revels,  upon  her 
bosom. 

622.  Pervigilare.  Devoting  the 


SEPT.  KAL.  MART. 


103 


Inde  cito  passu  petitur  Lucretia :  nebat ; 

Ante  torum  calathi  lanaque  mollis  erant. 
Lumen  ad  exiguum  famulas  data  pensa  trahebant ; 

Inter  quas  tenui  sic  ait  ipsa  sono  : 
'  Mittenda  est  domino  (nunc,  nunc  properate,  puellae) 

'  Quamprimum  nostra  facta  lacerna  manu. 
'  Quid  tamen  audistis  ?  nam  plura  audire  soletis  : 

'  Quantum  de  bello  dicitur  esse  super  ? 
'  Postmodo  victa  cades  :  melioribus,  Ardea,  restas, 

'  Improba,  quae  nostros  cogis  abesse  vivos. 
'  Sint  tantiim  reduces  ;  sed  enim  temerarius  ille 

'  Est  meus,  et  stricto  qualibet  ense  ruit. 


625 


630 


whole  niirlit  to  her  vigils.    Posito 
mero-   With  wine  at  hand. 

623.  Cito.  Rapid ;  doubtless 
from  their  anxiety.  Lucretia.  Wife 
of  Collatinus,  and  dautjhter  of 
Spurius  Lucretius  Tricipitinus, 
a  noble  citizen  of  Rome.  Nebat, 
§-c.  The  simplicity  with  which 
the  poet  has  described  the  mid- 
night occupations  of  Lucretia,  is 
in  perfect  keeping  with  the  cha- 
racter which  they  are  intended  to 
illustrate  and  commend. 

624.  Calathi.  Work-basket. 

625.  Data  pensa  trahebant. 
Were  carding  the  wool  assigned 
them.  Pensitm,  ra  «rra^^r^'sy,  from 
perido,  means  a  certain  weight  of 
wool  given  out  to  be  dressed,  &c. 
within  a  stated  time.  Furcel. 

626.  Tenui  sono.  In  a  subdued 
or  gentle  tone. 

'  Her  voice  was  ever  soft, 
Gentle,  and  low;  an  excellent  thing  in 
woman.' 

Shakspeare. 

628.  Nostra.  Vestra.  Maz. 
Zulich.  Lacerna.  A  kind  of  cloak 
or  great-coat,  worn  over  the  toga 
or  tunic,  open  in  front,  and  fas- 
tened with  clasps  or  buckles,  Ji. 
hula;.  ^He/J,vi.  118,  329.  It  was 
worn  at  fii'st  by  the  military  only, 
Patera,  ii.  SO,  whence  Lucretia  is 
stated  in  the  test  to  be  en  «raged 
in  making  one  for  her  husband. 
It  is  identified  by  Neapolis,  in  his 
comments  on  this  passage,  with 


the  penula,  a  species  of  cloak  re- 
sembling the  lacerna,  but  shorter 
and  straighter,  which  was  also  pe- 
culiar to  the  army.  W'ith  a  like 
thoughtfulness  and  affection,  An- 
dromache devoted  her  time  to 
Hector  in  his  absence. 
— —   «Tag  Toi   iifJt.a.T'   svi    uiyccooifi 

xiovrai, 
A£?rT«  T£   Kai  ^aonvru.,  rirvyfA.iva. 

^sp<r)  yvvzizcuv. 
AXX'    YiToi    rail    rravra.    xara^Xi^a 

Ouoiv  troiy'  oipiXit,  Itii  ou»  lyxil/riai 
avTcT^, 

xXio^  livai. 

Iliad,  Kxii.  510,  et  seq. 

629.  iVo»i  plura.  Alluding  to 
the  propensity,  peculiar  to  the 
class  she  was  addressing,  for  ac- 
quiring news. 

631.  Postmodo  victa  cades,  S^c- 
Heiasius  suspects  this  reading, 
and  would  substitute,  Dummodo 
victa  cadas,  melioribus  Ardea  resta, 
as  if  it  were  a  wish  on  the  part 
of  Lucretia  ;  Burmann,  however, 
adopts  the  reading  in  the  text,  no 
doubt  correctlv,  and  exphiins  the 
passage,  «  Hereafter  conquered, 
you  shall  fall ;  perversely,  Ardea, 
you  withstand,  restas,  more  able 
adversaries.'  So  Forcellinus  too 
in  voc.  resto. 

633.  Temerarius  ille.  So  An- 
dromache, Axiy.iui  ^ffifii  ei  -i 
elt  fAv-;;.   Iliad,  vi. 


104  FASTORUM,  LIB.  11. 

'  Mens  abit,  et  morior,  quoties  pugnantis  imago  635 

'  Me  subit ;  et  gelidum  pectora  frigus  habet.' 
Desinit  in  lachrymas,  intentaque  fila  remittit ; 

In  gremio  vultum  deposuitque  suum. 
Hoc  ipsum  decuit :  lachrymse  cecidere  pudicae  ; 

Et  tacies  animo  dignaque  parque  fuit,  640 

'  Pone  metum,  venio  ;'  conjux  ait.     Ilia  revixit ; 

Deque  viri  collo  dulce  pependit  onus. 
Interea  juvenis  turiatos  regius  ignes 

Concipit,  et  ca)co  raptus  amore  furit. 
Forma  placet,  niveusqiie  color,  flavique  capilli ;  645 

Quique  aderat  nulla,  t'actus  ab  arte  decor. 
Verba  placent,  et  vox  ;  et  quod  corrumpere  non  est : 

Quoque  minor  spes  est,  hoc  magis  ille  cupit. 
Jam  dederat  cantum  lucis  praenuncius  ales  ; 

Ciim  referunt  juvenes  in  sua  castra  pedem.  650 

Carpitur  attonitos  absentis  imagine  sensus 

Ille  :  recordanti  plura  magisque  placent. 
Sic  sedit ;  sic  culta  fuit ;  sic  stamina  nevit ; 

Neglectee  collo  sic  jacviere  comae  : 
Hos  habuit  vultus  ;  liacc  illi  verba  fuere  ;  655 

Hie  decor,  htec  facies,  hie  color  oris  erat. 
Ut  solet  a  magno  fiwctus  languescere  flatu, 

6S7.  Intentagve  fila  remittit. 'A.t  dea.   Stamina.     The  warp,  chain, 

subitus  calor    ossa  reliquit.     Ex-  or  stamen  of  a  web,  Forcel.  de- 

cussi   manibus   radii,  rc^volutnque  rived  a  staiido,   because   the  an- 

pensa.'  Virg.  ^neid,  ix.  475.  cients    stood    when     they    wove, 

640.  Et  facies,  ^c.      And    her  placing  the  web  perpendicularly, 

countenance  was  worthy  of,  and  whence  radio  stantis  (i.e.  penden- 

suited  to  her  character.  tis)  percurrens  stamina  tela-,  Ovid. 

643.  Furiatos.  Furiales.  Heins.  Melnm   iv.  275,  and  wrought  u))- 

645.  Niveusquc  color.  '  Tlie  si-  wards,  in  altitudinem,  vel  sursum 
lent  war  of  lilies  and  of  roses.'  versum,  Festus.  which  method 
Sha?isp.  Flavique  capilli.  '  Her  was  abandoned,  however,  by  the 
hair,  like  golden  threads,  play'd  linen  weavers,  linteones,  and  in 
with  her  breath.'  Jd.  weaving  the  tunica  recta,  or  re- 

646.  Nulla /actus,  ^-c.  Her  un-  gilla.  Plin.  viii.  48,  s.  74. 
adorned  beauty.  657.   Ut  solet,  Sfc.    As  the  sea 

648.  Quoque 7ninor,^c.  '  Haply  is  wont  to  becalmed  after  a  great 
that  name  of  chaste,  unhapp'ly  storm,  but  still  there  is  a  lieavy 
set.  This  bateless  edge  oti  his  roll,  the  effect  of  the  wind  that 
keen  appetite.'   Shaksp.  has  ceased  to  blow.     This  simile 

649.  Lucis  prccnuncius  ales,  is  highly  expressive  ;  Sextus  had 
The  bird,  the  harbinger  of  day.         no  longer  the  object  liefore  him, 

653.  Sic  sedit.  Such  were  the  but  still  he  was  distracted  with 
reflections  of  Sextus  Tarquinius  the  iniquitous  passion  which  its 
an  his  return  to  the  camp  at  Ar-     present  beauty  had  inspired. 


SEPT.  KAL.  MART.  105 

Sed  taraen  a  vento,  qui  fuit,  unda  tiimet  : 
Sic,  quamvis  aberat  placitae  prgesentia  formae, 

Quern*  dederat  praesens  forma,  manebat  amor.  660 

Ardet,  et  injusti  stimulis  agitatus  amoris, 

Comparat  indigno  vimque  dolumque  tore. 
'  Exitus  in  dubio  est ;  audebimus  ultima,'  dixit ; 

'  Viderit,  audentes  forsne  Deusne  juvet. 
'  Cepimus  audendo  Gabios  quoque.'     Talia  fatus,  665 

Ense  latus  cingit ;  tergaque  pressit  equi. 
Accipit  aerata  juvenem  Collatia  porta, 

Condere  jam  vultus  sole  parante  sues. 
Hostis,  ut  hospes,  init  penetralia  Collatini : 

Comiter  excipitur  ;  sanguine  junctus  erat.  670 

Quantum  animis  erroris  inest !  parat  inscia  rerum 

Infelix  epulas  hostibus  ilia  suis. 
Functus  erat  dapibus  ;  poscunt  sua  tempera  somni : 

Nox  erat,  et  tota  lumina  nulla  domo. 
Surgit,  et  auratum  vagina  deripit  ensem  ;  675 

Et  venit  in  Thalamos,  nupta  pudica,  tuos. 
Utque  torum  pressit,  '  Ferrum,  Lucretia,  mecum  est ; 

'  Natus,'  ait,  *  regis,  Tarquiniusque  loquor/ 
Ilia  nihil  ;  neque  enim  vocem  viresque  loquendi, 

Aut  aliquid  toto  pectore  mentis  habet ;  680 

Sed  tremit,  ut  quondam  stabulis  deprensa  relictis, 

Parva  sub  intesto  cum  jacet  agna  lupo. 
Quid  faciat  ?  pugnet  ?  vincetur  foemina  pugna  ; 

Clamet  ?  at  in  dextra,  qui  necet,  ensis  adest ; 
Effugiat  ?  positis  urgetur  pectora  palmis  ;  685 

Nunc  primiim  externa  pectora  tacta  manu. 


661.    Injusti.  Incesti.  Al.  675.     Auratum.     Ornamented 

664.  Viderit.  Let  Fortune  or  with  gold, 
the  deity  look  to  it,  which  of  two  677.  Utque  torum  pressit.  'Si- 
may  aid  the  bold.  '  So  from  him-  nistraque  manu  mulieris  pectore 
self  impiety  hath  wrought,  That  oppresso,  Tace,  l/ucretia,  inquit, 
for  his  prey  to  pray  he  doth  begin,  Sextus  Tarquinius  sum,  ferrum 
As  if  the  heaven  should  counte-  in  manu  est ;  morieris  si  emiseris 
nance  his  sin.'  &c.  Shaksp.  Tocem.'  IjIV. 

667.     ^ratd.      FortiBed  with  68-2.    Parva   sub,   Src.     '  The 

brass,    or   it   may   mean    simply,  wolf  hatli   seized   his   prey,   the 

strong,  impenetrable.  Forcel.  poor  lamb  cries.'  Shaksp. 

670.   Comiter.     So  Dionysius  ;  686.  Externa  pectora  tacta  ma- 

'E|£n|£v  auTov  as  ffvyyivn  roZ  avd^os  mt.     '  Save  of  their  lord  no  bear- 

■sraXKri  T^c^ufiia  ri  Koi  <pi\o<p^oirvvn.  ing  yoke  they  knew,   And  him  by 

Sanguine  junctus  erat.  Sextus  was  oath  they  truly  honoured.'  Id. 
the  cousin  of  Collatinus. 


106 


FASTORUxM,  LIB.  II. 


Instat  amans  hostis  precibus,  pretioqtie,  minisque  : 

Nee  prece,  nee  pretio,  nee  movet  ille  minis. 
'  Nil  agis  ;  erij)iam,'  dixit,  '  pro  crimine  vitam  : 

'  Falsus  adulterii  testis  adulter  erit.  690 

'  Interimam  famiilum,  cum  quo  deprensa  fereris.' 

Succubit  famae  victa  puella  metu. 
Quid,  victor,  gaudes  ?  hsec  te  victoria  perdet : 

Hen  quanto  regnis  nox  stetit  una  tuis ! 
Jarnque  erat  orta  dies  :  passis  sedet  ilia  capillis,  695 

Ut  solet  ad  nati  mater  itura  rogum. 
Grandaevumque  patrem  fido  cum  conjuge  castris 

Evocat  ;  et  posita  venit  uterque  mora. 
Utque  vident  habitum,  quae  luctus  causa  requirunt : 

Cui  paret  exequias,  quove  sit  icta  male.  700 

Ilia  diu  reticet,  pudibundaque  celat  amictu 

Ora ;  fluunt  lachrymae  more  perennis  aquae. 
Hinc  pater,  hinc  conjux  lachrymas  solantur,  et  orant, 

Indicet :  et  casco  flentque  paventque  metu. 
Ter  conata  loqui,  ter  destitit ;  ausaque  quarto,  705 

Non  oculos  adeo  sustulit  ilia  suos. 
'  Hoc  quoque  Tarquinio  debebimus  ?  eloquar,'  inquit, 


689.  Pro  crimine.  For  a  crime 
with  which  she  was  to  be  falsely 
charged. 

692.  Succubuit  fama.  The 
dread  of  her  honour  being  im- 
peached, and  her  memory  dis- 
graced, when  she  should  be  uo 
longer  alive  to  vindicate  either, 
placed  her  at  last  in  the  disposal 
of  the  destroyer  of  her  peace.  It 
is  much  to  be  regretted  that  the 
poet  was  not  in  every  instance 
guided  by  the  delicacy  and  taste 
which  so  eminently  distinguish 
his  version  of  this  affecting  his- 
tory;  nothing  can  be  more  beau- 
tiful, or  touchingly  simple,  than 
the  above  line,  which  contains  its 
unhappy  result. 

694.  Heu  quanto,  ^-c.  How 
dear  has  one  night  cost  your  king- 
dom. 

699.  Utque  vident  hihitiim.  In 
allusion  to  her  appearing  as  des- 
cribed, supr.  695. 


'  But  now  the  mindful  messenger  comes 

back. 
Brings  iiome  his  lord  and  other  company ; 
Who  finds  his  Lucrece  clad  in  mourning 

black : 
And  round  about  her  tear-distained  eye 
Blue  circles  stream'd,  like  rainbows  in 

the  sky.' 

Shakip. 

703.  Orant  indicet.  Sc.  ut  in- 
dicet. 

•  Unmask,  dear  dear,  this  moody  business 
And  tell  thy  grief  that  we  may  give  re- 
dress.' 

Id. 

704.  Cceco.  Because  they 
knew  not  the  cause  of  her  afflic- 
tion. 

705.  Ter  conata  loqui  ter  des- 
titit. 

'  Three  times  with  sighs  she  gives  her 

sorrow  fire, 
Ere  once  she  can  discharge  one  word  of 

woe. 

Jd. 

707.  Hoc  quoque.  In  addition 
to  what  she  had  already  suffered. 


SEPT.  KAL,  MART. 


107 


'  Eloquar  infelix  dedecus  ipsa  meum :' 
Quseque  potest,  narrat.     Restabant  ultima  :  flevit ; 

Et  matronales  erubuere  genae.  710 

Dant  veniam  facto  genitor  conjiixque  coacto. 

'  Quam,'  dixit,  '  veniam  vos  datis,  ipsa  nego.' 
Nee  mora,  celato  figit  sua  pectora  {'eiro  ; 

Et  cadit  in  patrios  sanguinolenta  pedes. 
Tunc  quoque,  jam  moriens,  ne  non  procumbat  honeste,  715 

Respicit ;  haec  etiam  cura  cadentis  erat. 
Ecce  super  corpus,  communia  damna  gementes, 

Obiiti  decoris  virque  paterque  jacent. 
Brutus  adest ;  tandemque  animo  sua  nomina  fallit ; 

Fixaque  semanimi  corpore  tela  rapit.  720 


she  was  further  obliged  to  be  the 
herald  of  her  own  disgrace. 

711.  Dant  veniam.  So  Livy  ; 
'  Consolantur  a»gram  animi,  aver- 
tendo  noxam  acoacta  in  auctorera 
delicti :  nieuteni  peccare,  non  cor- 
pus et  unde  consilium  abfuerit, 
culpam  abesse.' 

«  With  this  they  all  at  once  began  to  say. 

Her   body's   stain  her   mind   untainted 
clears ; 

While   with   a  joyless  smile  she   turns 
away 

The  face,  that  map,  which  deep  impres- 
sion bears 

Of  hard  misfortune,  carv'd  in  it  with 
tears.' 

'  No,  no,'  saith  she,  '  no  dame  hereafter 
living, 

Ey  my  excuse  shall  claim  excuses  giv- 
iiig. 

Shakip. 

715.  Ne  non  procumbat  honeste. 
So  Polyxena  ; — h  §£,  xai  6tmx.o'j(r 

fiova;  Tta-iiv.   Eurip.  Hec. 

718.  Obiiti  decoris.  Hurried  to 
extremes  by  the  intensity  of  their 
grief.    Virque  paterque. 

*  Then  son  and  father  weep  with  equal 

strife. 

Who  should  weep  most  for  daughter  or 

for  wife.' 

Id. 


719.  Animo  sua  nomina  fallit. 
The  name  Brutvs  is  said  to  have 
been  given  him  from  his  supposed 
idiocy.  On  this  occasion  he  shows 
his  real  character,  and  how  iittlu 
he  deserved  the  appellation. 

'  He  with  the  Romans  was  esteemed  so. 
As  silly,  jeering  idiots  are  with  kings, 
For  sporting  words,  and  uttering  foolish 

things. 
But  now  he  throws  that  shallow  habit 

by. 
Wherein  deep  policy  did  him  disguise; 
And  anned  his  long  hid  wits  advisedly. 
To  check  the  tears  in  CoUatinue'  eyes.' 

720.  Fixaque  semanimi. 

«  And  from  the  purple  fountain  Brutus 

drew 
The  murderous  knife,  and  as  it  left  the 

place. 
Her  blood,  in   poor  revenge,  held  it  in 

chase.' 
'  Now,  by  the  Capitol  that  we  adore. 
And  by  this  cliaste   blood   so   unjustly 

stain 'd. 
By  heaven's  fair  sun,  that  breeds  the  fat 

earth's  store. 
By  all  our  country's  rights  in  Rome  main- 

tain'd. 
And  by  chaste  Lucrece'  soul  that  late 

tomplain'd 


108 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  II. 


Stillantemque  tenens  generoso  sanguine  cultrum, 

Edidit  impavidos  ore  minante  sonos  : 
'  Per  tibi  ego  hunc  juro  fortem  castumque  cruorem, 

'  Perque  tuos  Manes,  qui  mihi  numen  erunt ; 
*  Tarquinium  poenas  profuga  cum  stirpe  daturum  : 

'  Jam  satis  est  virtus  dissimulata  diu.' 
Ilia  jacens  ad  verba  oculos  sine  lumine  movit ; 

Visaque  concussa  dicta  probare  coma. 
Fertur  in  exequias  animi  matrona  virilis : 

Et  secum  lachrymas,  invidiamque  trahit. 
Vulnus  inane  patet.     Brutus  clamore  Quirites 

Concitat,  et  regis  facta  netanda  refert. 
Tarquinius  cum  prole  i'ugit.     Capit  annua  Consul 

Jura  :  dies  regnis  ilia  suprema  fuit. 


725 


730 


HIRUNDINUM  ADVENTUS. 

Fallimue  ?  an  veris  praenuncia  venit  hirundo, 
Et  metuit,  nequa  versa  recurrat  hiems  ? 

Saepe  tamen,  Progne,  nimium  properasse  quereris  ; 
Virque  tuo  Tereus  frigore  laetus  erit. 


'35 


Her  wrongs  to  us,  and  by  this  bloody 

knife, 
We  will  revenge  the  death  of  this  true 

wife.' 

Id. 

727.  Oculos  sine  lumine.  '  Her 
lack-lustre  eyes.' 

728.  Concussa  coma.    By  bow- 
ing her  head. 

729.  Fertur  in  exequias.  '  Ela- 


annua  Consul  jura.  Upon  the  ex- 
pulsion of  the  kings,  a.  u.  244, 
two  supreme  magistrates  called 
by  the  Greeks  'rnATOl,  were 
annually  created,  with  an  equal 
degree  of  power  and  authority,  in 
order  that  they  might  be  a  check 
upon  each  other,  and  not  miscon- 
duct themselves  from  the  too  long 


tum  dorao  Lucrelise  corpus  in  fo-    continuance  of    their   command. 


rum  deferunt,  concientque  mira- 
culo,  ut  fit,  rei  novae  atque  indig- 
nitate  homines.'  Liv. 

7-30.  Lachrymas,  invidiamque. 
Tears  and  indignation. 

7.32.  Regis.  '  Addita  superbia 
ipsius  regis,  miseriseque  et  labo- 
res  plebis,  in  fossas  cloacasque  ex- 
hauriendas  demersas.'  Liv. 

733.  Prole.  Titus  and  Aruns 
followed  their  father  to  Caere  in 
Etruria;  Sextus  returned,  with 
the  intention  of  resuming  his  au- 


Brutus  and  Collatinus  were  the 
first  consuls  after  the  extinction  of 
regal  power. 

735.  An  veris,  Sfc.  Or  has  the 
swallow  come,  the  herald  of  the 
spring  ? 

736.  Versa.  Lest  winter  changed 
from  the  temperature  of  spring, 
or,  altered  from  its  due  course, 
should  return  again,  recurrat. 

737.  Progne.  See  supr.  n.  51 1 . 
JVimium  properasse.  To  have  made 
too  great  haste  ;  the  season  being 
as  yet  too  cold. 

738.  Loetus  erit.     On  account 


thority,  to  Gabii,  where  he  was 

put  to  death  by  the  avengers  of 

tiie    many    victims   sacrificed   to     of  his  old  enmity  to  Progne. 

hi»  treachery  and  cruelty.     Capit 


TERT.  KAL.  MART. 


109 


TERT.  KAL.  MART.  EQUIRIA  IN  CAMPO  MARTIO. 

Jamque  duae  restant  nocte^  de  mense  secundo, 

Marsque  citos  junctis  curribus  urget  equos  ;  740 

Ex  vero  positum  permansit  Equiria  nomen  ; 

Quae  Deus  in  Campo  prospicit  ipse  suo. 
Jure  venis,  Gradive  :  locum  tua  tempora  poscunt : 

Signatusque  tuo  nomine  mensis  adest. 
Venimus  in  portum,  libro  cum  mense  peracto :  745 

Naviget  hinc  alia  jam  mihi  linter  aqua. 


739.  Jamque  dues.  On  the  III. 
Kal.  Mart,  was  the  celebration 
of  the  Equiria,  or  chariot  races, 
ab  equorumcursu,  ordcimed  by  Ro- 
mulus, in  honour  of  his  reputed 
father  Mars.  They  were  held  in 
the  Campus  Martins,  or  in  case 
of  its  being  flooded,  which  some- 
times occurred,  in  a  part  of  Mons 
Caelius,  called  by  Catullus,  Cam- 
pus minor,  Carm.  55.  The  Equi- 
ria were  repeated,  iii.  Id.  Mart. 
See  Fast.  iii.  513. 

740.  Junctis  curribus.  Each 
race  being  contested  by  a  number 
of  chariots. 

742.  Suo.   Sc.  Martis. 

743.  Jure  venis  Gradive.  Be- 
cause the  poet  is  going  to  treat 


of  the  month  called  after  him. 
Mars  was  c;illed  Gradivus,  a  gra- 
diendo  in  bella,  Fast,  or  from  Gr. 
K^alainn,  quia  hastam  vibrat ;  or 
from  gramen,  because  he  is  said 
to  have  been  produced  from  a 
flower  by  the  aid  of  Flora ;  see 
Fast.  V.  229,  whence  the  corona 
graminea  was  so  highly  prized  as 
a  military  honour.  Servius,  in 
^neid,  i.  296,  says  that  Mars, 
when  peaceable,  was  called  Qui- 
rinus,  but  when  the  contrary, 
Gradivus,  in  consequence  of 
which,  he  had  two  temples,  one 
within  the  city,  as  its  guardian 
in  peace,  the  other  without,  on 
the  Appiau  way,  as  its  defence  in 
war. 


p.  OVIDII  NASONIS 

FASTORUM 

LIBER  IIL 


Beluce,  depositis  clypeo  paulisper  et  hasta, 

Mars,  ades,  et  nitidas  casside  solve  comas. 
Forsitan  ipse  roges,  quid  sit  cum  Marte  poetae. 

A  te,  qui  canitur,  nomina,  mensis  habet, 
Ipse  vides  manibus  peragi  fera  bella  Minervae. 

Num  minus,  ingenuis  artibus  ilia  vacat  ? 
Palladis  exemplo  ponendae  tempora  same 

Cuspidis  :  invenies  et  quod  inermis  agas. 
Turn  quoque  inermis  eras,  cum  te  Romana  sacerdos 

Cepit,  ut  huic  Urbi  semina  digna  dares. 
Ilia  Vestalis,  quid  enim  vetat  inde  moveri  ? 

Sacra  lavaturas  mane  petebat  aquas. 


1.  Bellice.  This  month,  con- 
secrated to  Mars,  the  third  of 
the  Julian  year,  was  the  first  in 
that  ordained  by  Romulus.  On 
the  first  day  of  March,  new  tires 
were  kindled  upon  the  altars  of 
Vesta,  new  branches  of  laurel 
suspended  in  the  palaces,  and 
houses  of  the  priests,  &c.  Clypeo. 
From  Gr.  yXu:pu,  sculpo,  because 
of  the  figures  and  emblems  which 
were  usually  carved  upon  them. 
The  clypeus  diifered  from  the  par- 
ma,  in  the  material  of  which  it 
was  composed,  the  former  having 
been  made  of  brass,  the  latter  of 
leather  j  and  also  from  the  scutum 
which  was  made  of  wood.  They 
are  used  indiscriminately  by  the 
poets. 

2.  Et  nitidas  casside  solve  comas. 


Free  from  the  casque  your  glossy 
hair.  The  poet  invokes  Mars, 
having  laid  aside  his  armour,  to 
yield  him  his  aid  and  attention. 

5.  Ipse  vides.  The  poet  assigns 
as  a  reason  why  he  should  be  al- 
lowed to  discuss  his  present  sub- 
ject, the  leisure  which  Minerva 
was  enabled  to  devote  to  the  li- 
beral arts,  although  her  occupa- 
tions were  for  the  most  part  pro- 
fessedly warlike. 

9.  Romana.  Trcjana.  Heins. 

10.  Cepit,  Sfc.  Captivated  you, 
so  that  you  granted  a  suitable  ori- 
gin to  this  city. 

11.  Inde  moveri.  To  set  out 
from  thence. 

12.  Sacra.  The  vessels  used 
at  the  sacrifices ;  which  were  of 
various  kinds,    as  the  acerra  or 


112 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  III. 


Ventum  erat  ad  rnolli  declivem  tramite  ripam : 

Ponitur  e  summa  fictilis  urna  coma. 
Fessa  resedit  humi ;  ventosque  accepit  aperto  15 

Pectore,  turbatas  restituitque  comas. 
Dum  sedet ;  umbrosae  salices,  volucresque  canora? 

Fecenmt  somnos,  et  leve  mm^miir  aquae. 
Blanda  qiiies  victis  fiartim  subrepit  ocellis, 

Et  cadit  a  mento  langiuda  facta  manus.  20 

Somnus  abit :  jacet  ilia  gravis.     Jam  scilicit  intra 

Viscera,  Romanee  conditor  Urbis,  eras. 
Languida  consurgit,  nee  scit  cur  languida  surgat, 

Et  peragit  tales  arbore  nixa  sonos  : 
Utile  sit  faustumque,  precor  quod  imagine  somni  25 

Vidimus.     An  somno  clarius  illud  erat  ? 
Ignibus  Iliacis  aderam  :  cum  lapsa  capillis 

Decidit  ante  sacros  lanea  vitta  focos, 
Inde  duae  pariter,  visu  mirabile,  palmas 


thurihulum,  a  censer  for  burning 
incense  ;  simpulum  or  simpuvium, 
(juttus,  capis.  patera,  cups  used 
in  libations ;  ollce,  pots  ;  tripodes, 
tripods,  &c.  Aquas.  The  river 
Numicius,  sacred  to  Vesta. 

13.  Tramite.  Cross-path;  from 
iransmeare. 

14.  Fictilis  vrna,  Sfc.  '  The 
earthen  pitcher  is  set  down  from 
the  top  of  her  head.  Wearied 
she  sunk  upon  the  ground,  wel- 
comed the  breeze  to  her  uncovered 
breast,  and  re-arranged  her  dis- 
ordered tresses.  While  she  is  re- 
clining, the  shady  willows,  and 
warbling  birds,  with  the  soft  mur- 
mur of  the  stream,  induced  re- 
pose. A  gentle  slumber  steals  in- 
sensibly on  her  unresisting  eyes, 
and  her  powerless  hand  fails  to 
support  her  head.' 

24.  Arbore  nixa.  Supported  by 
a  tree. 

25.  Imagine  somni.   In  a  dream. 

27.  Ignibus  Iliacis.  At  the  Tro- 
jan fires :  sc.  ot  Vesta,  broutiht 
away  from  Troy  by  ^neas.  Virg. 
^neid,  ii.  717. 

28.  Lanea  vitta.     The  Vestal 


virgins  wore  round  their  heads 
fillets,  infulcB,  srifji-iiara.,  Dionys. 
ii.  67,  viii.  69,  and  ribbons  or 
bands,  vittae.  Hence  the  Vestalis 
Maxima  is  called  Vittata  Sacer- 
dos,  Lvcan.  i.  597,  and  simply 
Vittata,  Juvenal,\v.  10.  The  head 
dress  which  they  wore  at  the  sa- 
crifices was  ca]\edsiiffibulum,  from 
fibula,  because  fastened  with 
clasps.  This  dream  was  prophe- 
tic of  what  subsequently  occurred 
when  the  insignia  of  her  office 
were  removed,  in  consequence  of 
the  forfeiture  of  her  vows  as  a 
Vestal  virgin.  So  Dionysius, 
speaking  of  Oppia  or  Opimia, 
convicted   of  a   similar   offence  ; 

TO,  trrifificcra,  xai  Tof/.TiuovTi;  oi 
uyooa.;,  Ivts;  rii^ov;  ^urav  xaru- 
su\a.i.  Several  MS S.  read Zaurec 
vitta. 

29.  Dua  palmce.  As  the  palm 
was  the  emblem  of  victory,  '  quos 
Elea  domum  reducit  palma  cse- 
lestes;'  Horat.  Od.  iv.  2,  17, 
sometimes  the  victor  himself, 
'  tertia  palma  Diores,'  Virg.  ^n. 
V.  3.30 ;    it   was   an   appropriate 


MARTIUS. 


iUi 


Surgunt.     Ex  ilHs  altera  major  erat : 
Et  gravibus  ramis  totum  protexerat  orbem, 

Contigeratque  nova  sidera  summa  coma. 
Ecce  raeus  ferrum  patruus  molitur  in  illas. 

Terreor  admonitu,  corque  timore  micat. 
Martia  picus  avis  gemino  pro  stipite  pugnant, 

Et  lupa.     Tula  per  hos  utraque  palma  fuit. 
Dixerat :  et  plenam  non  firmis  viribus  urnam 

Sustulit.     Implerat,  dum  sua  visa  refert. 
Interea  crescente  Remo,  crescente  Quirino, 

Ccelesti  tumidus  pondere  venter  erat. 
Quo  minus  emeritis  exiret  cursibus  annus, 

Restabant  nitido  jam  duo  signa  deo. 
Silvia  fit  mater  :  Vestae  simulacra  feruntur 


30 


35 


40 


eyrabol  of  the  future  glory  of  her 
offsprinsr. 

30.   Major.    Ronrmliis. 

32.  Nova  coma.  With  its  won- 
drous foliage. 

ii3.   Patruus,  Amulius. 

34.  Terreor,  Sec.  Inmawedby 
the  warning,  and  my  heart  palpi- 
tates with  fear. 

35.  Picus,  Gr.  'S^uoxoXa.wTtj;,  a 
woodpecker.  Pliny  savs  that  this 
bird  was  so  called  from  Picus, 
father  of  Fauuus,  who  was 
chiing-ed  into  a  vvoorj|jecker  by 
Circe,  whose  advances  lie  con- 
temned. Others  derive  the  name 
from  iriixiu,  tundo.  According  to 
Plutarch,  the  twins  Romulus  and 
Ri>mus  were  nounsded  both  by  a 
wolf  and  a  woodpecker,  the  for- 
mer havinff  sucklfd  them,  and  the 
latter  supplied  tliem  with  food. 
See  infr.  53,  54.  The  woodpecker 
was  sacred  to  Mars,  whence  il/ar- 
tia,  Gemino  pro  stipite.  For  the 
two  trees. 

36.  Tuta,  §-c.  By  their  means 
either  tree  was  preserved. 

41.  Quo  minus,  §c.  Ere  the 
year  should  close,  its  course  hav- 
ing been  accomplished,  two  signs, 
(of  the  Zodiac,  i.  e.  two  months,) 
were  remaining  for  the  resplen- 
dent god,  sc,  to  enter.    A  peri- 


phrasis for  ten  months,    Emeritis. 
See  i.  601. 

43.  VestcE  simulacra.  The  poet. 
Fast,  vi.  277,  professes  to  have 
erred  in  ascribing  statues  or  effi- 
gies to  Vesta,  which  did  not  exist. 
The  goddess  was  worshipped,  no 
doubt,  under  the  image  of  the 
eternal  fire,  but  it  is  equally  true 
that  she  was  likewise  worshipped 
under  visible  forms.  Posidonius, 
(in  Heroibus  et  Dsemonibus,) 
mentions  that  Vesta  was  the  in- 
ventor of  houses,  and,  in  conse- 
quence, paintings  were  made  of 
her,  and  hung  up  in  every  dwell- 
ing  to  protect  it,  and  preserve  its 
inhabitants.  In  the  mythology  of 
Natalis  Comes,  (Hecat.  Miles, 
in  Genealog. )  Vesta  is  described 
as  a  female,  seated,  and  wearing 
a  crown,  with  various  plants 
around  her,  and  animals  of  every 
kind  doiuff  her  homage.  It  is 
not  unlikely  that  as  there  weye 
two  Vestas,  see  i.  478,  the  sta- 
tues were  intended  to  represent 
the  Vesta  who  was  the  same  with 
Terra  or  the  earth,  and  that  the 
other,  who  was  the  representa- 
tive of  another  element,  fire,  was 
worshipped  under  that  semblance. 
In  describing  the  occurrence  in 
the  text,  the  poet  does  not  speak 
l2 


114 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  III. 


Virgineas  oculis  opposuisse  manus. 
Ara  dese  certe  tremuit,  pariente  ministra ;  45 

Et  subiit  cineres  territa  flamma  suos. 
Haec  ubi  cognovit  contemtor  Amulius  aequi : 

Nam  raptas  fratri  victor  habebat  opes : 
Amne  jubet  niergi  geminos.     Scelus  unda  refugit ; 

In  sicca  pueri  destituuntur  humo.  50 

Lacte  quis  infantes  nescit  crevisse  ferino, 

Et  picum  expositis  saepe  tulisse  cibos  ? 
Non  ego  te,  tantae  nutrix  Larentia  gentis, 

Nee  taceam  vestras,  Faustule  pauper,  opes. 
Vester  honos  veniet,  cum  Larentalia  dicam :  55 

Acceptus  Geniis  ilia  December  habet. 
Martia  ter  senos  proles  adoleverat  annos, 

Et  suberat  flavae  jam  nova  barba  comae. 
Omnibus  agricolis  armentorumque  magistris 

Iliadae  fratres  jura  petita  dabant.  60 

Saepe  domum  veniunt  praedonum  sanguine  laeti, 


positively»  but  says  merely,  '  are 
reported,'  feruntur,  Sfc.  to  which 
is  opposed  certe.  infr.  45. 

45.  Ara  dea,  §"c.  '  Undoubted- 
ly the  altar  of  the  goddess  shook, 
upon  the  priestess  becoming  a 
parent,  and  the  affrig-hted  flame 
withdrew  beneath  its  own  em- 
bers.' This  was  accounted  a  fear- 
ful portent  by  the  Romans. 

47.  Contemtor  aqui.  So  Me- 
zentius  is  called,  '  Contemtor  di- 
vum  ;'  JEneid,  vii.  648. 

50.  Destituuntur.  'Tenet,fama, 
quum  fluitantem  alveum  quo  ex- 
positi  erant  pueri,  tenuis  in  sicco 
aqua  destituisset,  lupam  sitientem 
ex  montibus,  qui  circa  sunt,  ad 
puerilem  vagitum  cursum  flex- 
isse :  eam  submissas  int'antibus 
adeo  milem  prajbuisse  mammas, 
ut  lingua  lambentem  pueros  ma- 
gister  regii  pecoris  invenerit. 
Faustulo  fuisse  nomen  fcrunt. 
Ab  eo  ad  stabula  Larentise  uxori 
educandos  latos.'  JJv. 

53.  Larentia.  Laurentia.  Al. 
and  5o,  Laurentalia. 

55.  Larentalia.  A  festival  in 
honour  of  Larentia,  the  wife   of 


Faustulus,  celebrated  in  Decem- 
ber. 

56.  Acceptus  Geniis.  On  the 
XVI.  Kal.  Januar.  Decern.  17th, 
the  Saturnalia,  or  festival  in  ho- 
nour of  Saturn,  was  held,  which 
■\vas  the  most  distinguished  of 
the  whole  year.  All  ranks  en- 
gaged in  the  mirtli  and  festivities  ; 
friends  interchanged  valuable  pre- 
sents, and  masters  were  brought 

•on  a  level  with  their  slaves  ;  hence 
acceptus  geniis.  The  Genius  was 
a  daemon  or  tutelary  god,  supposed 
to  take  charge  of  every  indivi- 
dual from  his  birth,  during  the 
whole  period  of  his  life ;  '  Scit 
genius,  natale  comes  qui  tempe- 
rat  astrum,  Naturse  deus  humanae 
mortalis  in  unum — Quodque  ca- 
put,' Horat.  Ep.  ii.  2,  187  ;  pro- 
pitiated by  offerings  ;  '  Floribus 
et  vino  genium.'  Id.  Ep.  ii.  1, 14;). 
'  Funde  merum  genio.'  Pers.  2,  3. 

57.  Alartia  proles.  Romulus 
and  Remus. 

59.  Mayistris.  Ministris.  Neap. 

60.  Iliada.  Sons  of  Iha.  Jura 
petita  dabant,  Were  dispensing  the 
required  justice. 


MARTIUS. 


115 


Et  redigunt  actos  in  sua  rura  boves. 
Ut  genus  audierunt,  aniraos  pater  editus  auget ; 

Et  pudet  in  paucis  nomen  habere  casis  ; 
Romuleoque  cadit  trajectus  Amulius  ense, 

Regnaque  longaevo  restituuntur  avo. 
Mcenia  conduntur :  quae,  quamvis  parva  fuerunt, 

Non  tamen  expediit  transiluisse  Remo. 
Jam,  modo  qua  fuerant  silvae,  pecorumque  recessus 

Urbs  erat :  seternae  cum  pater  Urbis  ait : 
Arbiter  armorum,  de  cujus  sanguine  natus 

Credor,  et  ut  credar,  pignora  certa  dabo  ; 
A  te  principium  Romano  ducimus  anno : 

Primus  de  patrio  nomine  mensis  erat. 
Vox  rata  fit ;  patrioque  vocat  de  nomine  mensem. 

Dicitiu'  haec  pietas  grata  fuisse  deo. 
Et  tamen  ante  omnes  Martem  coluere  priores. 

Hoc  dederat  studiis  bellica  turba  suis. 
Pallada  Cecropidse,  Mino'ia  Creta  Dianam. 


65 


70 


63.  Ut  genus  audierunt.  When 
tliey  learned  their  descent.  Pater 
editus.  Their  parent  being  de- 
clared. Agnitus.    Ursin. 

64.  Nomen  habere,  ^c.  To  en- 
joy reputation  amidst  a  few  huts. 

66.  Regnaque.  Sc.  The  Alban. 
LongcEvo  avo.  Numitor,  father  of 
Ilia,  now  advanced  in  life. 

68.  Non  tamen.  Because  his 
death  was  the  result. 

71.  Arbiterarmorum.se.  Mars. 

73.  A  te  principium,  ^c.  Be- 
cause, as  has  been  already  observ- 
ed, the  year  of  Romulus  began 
with  March. 

75.  De  patrio  nomine,  sc.  Mars, 
from  whom  March  was  called. 

77.  Omnes.  sc.  Deos.  Priores. 
The  Latins,  who  were  familiar 
with  the  worship  of  Mai"s  before 
the  time  of  Romulus. 

78.  Hoc  dederat,  §*c.  The  war- 
like people  had  made  this,  i.  e.  the 
worship  of  Mars,  the  object  of 
their  zealous  attention.  Dederant. 
A\.  Dederit.    Heins. 

79.  Pallada.  Minerva,  so  called 
from  -praXkco,  quia  vibrat  hastam. 
According  to  Festus,  she  received 


this  name  either  from  Pallas,  a 
giant ;  Cic.  de  Nat.  Dear.  iii. 
23,  whom  she  slew  for  having  of- 
fered her  violence,  or  because  she 
was  born  in  Pallas,  a  marshy  dis- 
trict of  Africa.  Cecropidce.  The 
Athenians,  so  called  from  Ce- 
crops,  the  most  ancient  sovereign 
of  Athens.  He  reigned  for  fifty 
years,  four  centuries  before  the 
destruction  of  Troy.  He  is  said 
to  have  been  the  son  of  Vulcan 
and  Terra ;  Hygin.  fab.  48,  and 
158.  He  was  believed  by  the 
Athenians  to  have  considerably 
enlarged  their  city,  founded  by 
Pallas,  who  was  their  tutelary 
deity.  Mino'ia  Creta.  Crete,  now 
Candia,  i.e.  a  citadel,  is  one  of  the 
larger  islands  in  the  Mediterra- 
nean sea.  The  name  is  of  Phoe- 
nician origin,  signifying  skilful 
bowmen,  the  bow  and  arrows 
having  been  the  constant  arms  of 
the  Cretans.  It  was  formerly  ce- 
lebrated for  its  hundred  cities, 
whence  'Exarij^woX/; ;  for  Mount 
Ida,  where  was  shown  the  cradle 
and  the  sepulchre  of  Jova ;  the 
amours  of  Ariadne,  Europa,  Pa- 


116 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  III. 


Vulcanum  tellus  Hypsipylea  colit : 
Junonem  Sparte,  Pelopeiadesque  Mycenie : 

Pinigerum  Fauni  Maenalis  ora  caput. 
Mars  Latio  venerandiis  erat,  quia  praesidet  armis. 

Arma  ferae  genti  remque  decusque  dabant. 
Quod  si  forte  vacas,  peregrines  inspice  fastos : 

Mensis  in  his  etiam  nomine  Martis  erit. 
Tertius  Albanis,  quintus  fuit  ille  Faliscis  : 

Sextus  apud  populos,  Hernica  terra,  tuos. 
Inter  Aricinos,  Albanaque  tempora  constant 


80 


85 


siphae,  &c. ;  called  Minoia,  from 
Minos,  son  of  Jupiter  and  Eu- 
ropa,  its  ancient  king,  and  an 
eminent  legislator.  According-  to 
some  its  original  name  was  Aeria, 
after  which  it  was  called  Crete, 
from  a  nymph  of  tliat  name.  Di- 
ana was  worshipped  there  with 
great  solemnity,  upon  Mount 
Dicte,  whence  she  is  called  Dic- 
tynna. 

80.  Tellus  Hypsipi/lea.  Lem- 
nos,  an  island  in  the  M^enn  Sea, 
so  called  from  Hypsipyle,  daugh- 
ter of  Thoas,  king  of  Lemnos. 
When  all  the  women  in  the  is- 
land conspired  to  put  the  men  to 
death  to  secure  their  own  inde- 
pendence, she  preserved  her  fa- 
ther, and  had  him  conveyed  by 
night  to  Chios.  The  Argonauts 
captured  Lemnos  on  their  way  to 
Colchis,  and  Hypsi])ylea  bore 
two  sons,  Thoas  and  Euneus,  to 
their  leader  Jason.  Lemnos,  now 
Stalimene,  was  sacred  to  Vulcan, 
who  was  flung  from  heaven,  by 
his  mother  Juno,  in  disgust  at 
his  deformity,  or  according  to 
others,  by  his  father  Jupiter,  and 
having  continued  to  descend  for 
a  whole  day,  lighted  on  Lemnos 
at  sunset;  Tlav  §'  nfiet^  (pieifmy, 
aux  0    YiiXiu  Kxrabivri  Kdvxiffa*  In 

\r,fiyu-  Horn.  Some  say  that  he 
fell  upon  Hephopstias,  a  motmtain 
in  the  island,  by  which  they  ac- 
countforthe  blackness  and  barren- 
ness of  its  summit,  and  its  name. 


81.  Junonem  Sparta,  if  c  Spar- 
ta, now  Misitra  or  Alisistra,  a 
city  of  Peloponnesus  in  Laconia, 
founded  by  Spartus,  the  grandson 
of  Inaclius.  Mycena.  A  town  of 
Peloponnesus  in  Argos,  built  by 
Lacedaemon  the  son  of  Semele  ; 
according  to  others,  by  Perseus, 
the  son  of  Danae,  with  the  assist- 
ance of  tiie  Cyclops ;  Senec.  in 
Here.  Furens.  997 ;  and  so  called 
after  the  nymph  Mycena.  It  was 
the  abode  of  Pelops,  whence  Pe- 
lopeiades,  from  whose  son,  Thy- 
estes,  it  was  also  called  Thyestece. 
Juno  was  worshipped  at  Sparta, 
(of  which  Sparte  is  the  Greek 
form,)  with  particular  respect. 

82.  Pinigerum  Fauni.  Faunus 
is  represented  as  wearinjr  a  crown 
of  pine.  He  was  one  of  the  Dii 
Indiijetes  of  tiie  Arcadians.  Mce- 
nalis  ora.   Arcadia.  See  i.  570. 

85.  Peregrinos  Fastos.  The 
Fasti  of  the  other  Italian  states. 

87.  Tertius  Albanis.  March 
was  the  third  month  with  the 
Albans,  the  fifth  with  the  Falis- 
ci ;  Fast.  i.  84,  &c. 

88.  Hernica  terra.  The  Her- 
nici  were  a  people  of  Latium, 
between  the  iEqui  and  Volsci. 

89.  Inter  Aricinos,  &'c.  There 
is  an  agreement  in  reckoning,  or, 
in  tiie  order  of  the  months,  be- 
tween the  Aricini,  the  Albani, 
sc.  Albana  mania,  and  the  Tus- 
culani,  sc.  factag.  Tcleg.  man. 
that  is,  March  is  tlie  third  month 


MARTIUS. 


117 


Factaque  Telegoni  mcenia  celsa  manu.  90 

Quintum  Laurentes,  bis  quintum  ^quicolus  asper, 

A  tribus  hunc  primum  turba  Curensis  habet. 
Et  tibi  cum  proavis,  miles  Peligne,  Sabinis 

Convenit :  hie  genti  quartus  utrique  deus. 
Romulus,  hos  omnes  ut  vinceret  ordine  saltern,  95 

Sanguinis  auctori  tempora  prima  dedit. 
Nee  totidem  veteres,  quot  nunc,  hab\iere  Kalendas. 

lUe  minor  geminis  mensibus  annus  erat. 
Nondum  tradideras  victas  victoribus  artes, 


with  each.  Aricia  was  a  town  in 
Latium.  Tusculura  was  built  up- 
on a  high  hill,  twelve  miles  dis- 
t?int  from  Rome,  by  Telegonus 
the  son  of  Ulysses  and  Circe. 

91.  Quintum.  The  Laurentes 
made  March  the  fifth  month,  the 
^quicoli,  the  tenth.  The  ^qui 
and  -iEquicoli  inhabited  between 
the  Marsi  and  the  Sabines,  bor- 
dering on  both.  Asper.  '  Horrida 
praecipue  cui  gens,  assuetaque 
multo  Venatu  nemorum,  duris 
.iEquicola  glebis.'   Virg. 

92.  A  tribus  hunc  primum.  The 
first  month  after  three,  a  tribus, 
i.  e.  the  fourth  month.  Turba 
Curensis.  The  Sabines.  Some 
MSS.  read  Ferensis,  which  is  in- 
terpreted of  the  Ferentini,  who 
inhabited  the  town  Ferentum, 
placed  by  Strabo  on  the  Via  La- 
tina.  Others  read  Forensis,  by 
which  Scaliger  would  understand 
the  inhabitants  of  Foruli,  a  town 
of  the  Sabines ;  while  some  ex- 
plain it  of  '  Forum  populi,'  a 
town  on  the  Alban  Mount,  whose 
inhabitants  were  called  Foro- 
populientes  ;  Plin.  iii.  c.  5.  The 
reading  in  the  text,  however,  is 
the  most  approved,  and  is  fully 
borne  out  by  the  two  succeeding 
lines. 

93.  Peligne.  The  Peligni  were 
a  people  of  Italy,  in  Aprutium, 
now  Abruzzo.  According  to  Fes- 
tus,  they  were  a  people  of  lUyria. 
They  were  of  a  very  warlike  cha- 


racter, whence  miles.  '  Marsa  raa- 
nus,  Peligna  cohors,  festina  vi- 
rum  vis.'  Enn.  apud.  Charis.  iv. 

94.  Genti  utrique.  The  Peligni 
and  Sabines,  called  proavi,  as  be- 
ing the  stock  from  which  the  for- 
mer derived  th^ir  descent.  Quar- 
tus deus.  i.  e.  March  is  the  fourth 
month. 

95.  Ordine  saltern.  As  none  of 
the  preceding  states  were  defici- 
ent in  the  worship  of  Mars,  Ro- 
mulus could  only  surpass  them  by 
placing  the  month  called  after  his 
reputed  sire  at  the  head  of  the 
year.  Fast,  i .  39. 

97.  Kalendas.  sc.  Menses. 

98.  Ille  minor.  See  FasM.N.SS. 

99.  Nondum  tradideras,  SfC. 
Before  Greece  was  brought  under 
the  authority  of  Rome.  '  In  the 
history  of  those  kingdoms,  (the 
Grecian  and  Egyptian)  the  most 
remarkable  event  is  their  con- 
quest by  the  Romans,  who  gra- 
dually seized  all  the  western 
spoils  of  the  empire  of  Alexan- 
der, comprehended  between  the 
Euphrates  and  the  Hadriatic  sea, 
and  successively  reduced  them 
into  the  form  of  provinces. 
Greece,  which  came  to  be  dis- 
tinguished by  the  name  of  Achaia, 
imparted  its  literature,  its  arts, 
and  its  vices  to  Italy.'  Gillies' 
Greece.  Compare  Horat.  Ep,  ii. 
1,  156.  '  Grsecia  capta  ferum  vic- 
torem  cepit,  et  artes  Intulit 
agresti  Latio.' 


118 


PASTORUM,  LIB.  III. 


Graecia,  facundum,  sed  male  forte  genus. 
Qui  bene  pugnarat,  Romanam  noverat  artem  : 

Mittere  qui  poterat  pila,  disertus  erat. 
Quis  tunc  aut  Hyadas,  ant  Pleiadas  Atlanteas 

Senserat,  aut  geminos  esse  sub  axe  polos  ? 
Esse  duas  Arctos ;  quarum  Cynosura  petatur 

Sidoniis,  Helicen  Graia  carina  notet  ? 
Signaque,  qu£E  longo  Frater  percenseat  anno, 

Ire  per  hgec  uno  mense  Sororis  equos  ? 
Libera  currebant,  et  inobservata  per  annum 

Sidera :  constabat  sed  tamen  esse  deos. 


100 


lOo 


110 


100.  Facundum,  sed  male  forte 
genus.  *  The  sloth  and  servility  of 
Asia  gradually  crept  into  Greece.' 
'  —  Reluctantly  compelled  to 
submit  to  a  master,  they  lost  that 
elevation  of  character,  and  that 
enthusiasm  of  valour,  which  had 
been  produced  by  Ireedom,  nou- 
rished by  victory,  and  confirmed 
by  the  just  sense  of  national  pre- 
eminence.' Gillies'  ibid. 

101.  Romanam  artem.  Opposed 
tovictasartes ;  and  disertus  erat,  to 

facundum  genus,  supr.  So  Virgil, 
'  Excudent  alii  spiranlia  mollius 
sera:  Credo  equidem,  vivos  du- 
centde  marmore  vuhus:  Orabunt 
causas  melius,  coslique  meatus 
Describent  radio,  et  surgentia 
sidera  dicent,  Tu  regere  imperio,' 
&c. 

103.  Hyadas,  Sfc.  See  Fast.  ii. 
372.  The  poet  proceeds  to  prove 
how  little  conversant  the  ancient 
Romans  were  with  any  science 
except  that  of  war,  and  h^w  un- 
observant of  those  constellat'ons 
which  were  afterwards  their  guides 
in  the  division  of  the  seasons  ;  as 
the  Hyades  were  the  harbingers 
of  winter,  the  Pleiades  of  spring, 
&c.  Several  MSS.  read  Pliadas. 

104.  Sub  axe.  May  either  mean 
simply  in  the  open  air,  under  the 
canopy  of  heaven,  Forcel.  or  the 
poet  may  be  understood  to  take 
polos,  not  in  the  usual  sense  of 
the    extremities   of    the    earth's 


axis,  but  as  a  sort  of  hinges  on 
which  either  extremity  of  the 
a.xis  turned. 

105.  Duas  Arctos.  The  Ursa 
Major  and  Ursa  Minor;  for  the 
former,  called  Helice,  from  Gr. 
iXtffffco,  volvo,  from  its  revolving 
round  the  pole,  see  Fast.  ii.  N. 
157.  Cynosura,  the  Ursa  Minor, 
was  one  of  the  nymphs  who 
nursed  Jupiter  on  Mount  Ida,  ia 
Crete,  and  was  raised  to  the  stars 
together  with  her  sisters,  for  their 
deserts.  Cynosura  is  derived  from 
xuaiv,canis,  and  ou^a,caMC?a,  because 
tlie  stars  behind  the  bear  are  so 
situated,  as  to  be  thought  to  re- 
semble the  tail  of  a  dog  ;  Cic.  in 
Arat.  ii.  de  Nat.  Dear.  Tlie  mer- 
chants of  Sidon,  a  city  of  Phoe- 
nicia, in  Syria,  directed  their  na- 
vigation by  the  Ursa  Minor,  the 
Greeks  by  the  Ursa  Major. 

107.  Signaque.  Of  the  zodiac. 
Longo  anno.  The  solar  year,  dur- 
ing wliich  the  sun,  frater,  remains 
for  a  month  in  each  of  the  twelve 
signs,  tiirough  which,  severally, 
the  moon  passes  in  the  space  of 
one  month. 

108.  Sororis.  sc.  Lunse. 

110.  Sidera.  Because  they  had 
not  yet  been  made  subservient  for 
the  distinction  of  times  and  sea- 
sons, &c. 

—  Constabat,  SfC.  Although 
unobservant  of  the  celestial  bo- 
dies, they  were  still  convinced  of 


MARTIUS. 


119 


Non  illi  ccelo  labentia  signa  movebant, 

Sed  sua,  quae  magnum  perdere  crimen  erat. 
Illaque  de  foeno.     Sed  erat  reverentia  foeno, 

Quantum  nunc  aquilas  ccnis  habere  tuas. 
Pertica  suspenses  portabat  longa  maniplos: 

Unde  maniplaris  nomina  miles  habet. 
Ergo  animi  indociles  et  adhuc  ratione  carentes 

Mensibus  egerunt  lustra  minora  decern. 


115 


the  existence  of  the  gods.  The 
poet  obviously  intends  to  guard 
against  an  inference,  which  might 
be  deduced  from  what  he  had 
previously  stated,  viz.  that  the 
ancient  Romans  were  altogether 
unconcerned  upon  the  points  of 
religious  worship,  which,  it  is 
well  known,  they  were  not.  There 
does  not  seem  to  be  any  occasion 
for  the  proposed  emendations  of 
this  passage,  as  it  stands  in  the 
text ;  Constahut  sed  tamen  esse 
Deo.  Petav.  Perannos  Sideracon- 
stabatsed  tamen  esse  suos.  Al.Con- 
stahat  sed  tamen  esse  diu.    Heins. 

111.  Non  illi,  §-c.  They  re- 
garded not  the  signs  which  move 
across  the  sky.  Sed  sua.  sc.  siffiia, 
Standards.  Quce  magnum  perdere 
crimen.  To  lose  or  abandon  the 
standard  was  looked  upon  as 
highly  dishonorable,  particularly 
in  the  standard-bearer,  and  some- 
times as  a  capital  offence,  Liu.  ii. 
59  ;  hence  to  animate  the  soldiers 
the  standards  were  sometimes 
thrown  into  the  midst  of  the 
enemy.  Liv.  iii.  70,  vi.  8,  xxv.  1-4, 
xxvi.  5. 

113.  De  foeno.  The  first  army 
which  Romulus  contrived  to  or- 
ganise, consisting  of  shepherds, 
&c.  he  divided  into  companies  of 
one  hundred  each,  and  assigned 
to  every  century  a  standard,  man- 
ipulus,  a  manumimplendo,  a  bundle 
of  hay  tied  to  the  top  of  a  pole. 
Aurel,  Victor,  de  orig.  pop.  Rom. 
c.  22.  By  this,  subsequently,  was 
snderstood  the  troop  itself.  Sed 
«rat,  §*c.     In   former  times  this 


primitive  ensign  obtained  the  re- 
verence and  respect  which  was 
afterwards  evinced  towards  the 
A  quill. 

114.  Aquilas.  The  omens  taken 
from  tlie  eagles'  flight  were  con- 
sidered the  most  auspicious  by 
the  Romans,  whence  the  common 
standard  of  a  legion  was  a  silver 
eagle,  with  expanded  wings,  on 
the  top  of  a  spear,  sometimes 
with  a  thunderbolt  in  its  claws. 
Before  the  time  of  Marius,  va- 
rious animals  were  represented 
by  the  Roman  standards,  after- 
wards the  Aquila  generally  pro- 
vailed.    Tuas.   Of  Germanicus. 

115.  Pertica.  Qa.  pertigu.lrom 
pertingo.  A  pole  to  which  the 
trusses  of  hay  were  attached. 
Supr.  113. 

116.  Maniplaris.  sc.  A  Mani- 
plo. 

117.  Ratione  carentes.  Deficient 
in  calculation. 

1 18.  Mensibus  egeruntySfc.They 
caused  the  lustra  to  come  short  by 
ti'n  months ;  because  a  Iwtrum 
contained  generally  a  space  of  five 
years ;  and  as  each  year,  at  the  time 
alluded  to  in  the  text,  consisted  of 
only  ten  months,  so  there  were 
but  fifty  months  in  a  lustrum 
which  oueht  to  have  contained 
sixty,  had  the  year  contained  the 
proper  proportion  of  months, 
twelve,  which  were  subsequently 
assigned  to  it.  With  a  view  to  the 
valuation  of  property  and  a  due 
settlement  of  the  public  revenue, 
Servius  TuUius  instituted  a  cen- 
$us,  or  assessment,  which  was  held 


120 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  III. 


Annus  erat,  decimum  cum  Luna  repleverat  orbem. 

Hie  numerus  magno  tunc  in  honore  fuit. 
Seu  quia  tot  digiti,  per  quos  numerare  solemus  ; 

Seu  quia  bis  quino  femina  mense  parit ; 
Seu  quod  adusque  decern  numero  crescente  venitur ; 

Principium  spatiis  sumitur  inde  novis. 
Inde  pares  centum  denos  secrevit  in  orbes 


120 


125 


at  the  end  of  every  five  years, 
first  by  the  kings,  then  by  the 
consuls,  but  after  the  year  310, 
by  the  censors,  the  magistrates  ap- 
pointed distinctly  for  that  pur- 
pose. After  the  census  was  con- 
cluded, an  expiatory,  or  purifying 
sacrifice,  sacrificium  lustrale,  was 
ofi^ered,  consisting  of  a  sow,  a 
sheep,  and  a  bull,  which  were  car- 
ried round  the  whole  assembly, 
and  then  slain  ;  and  so  the  people 
were  said  to  be  cleansed,  lustrari. 
This  sacrifice  was  railed  Suove- 
taurilia  or  Solitaurilia,  and  he  who 
performed  it  was  said  condere  lus- 
trum, so  called  a  luendo,  i.  e.  sol- 
vendo,  because  at  that  time  all  the 
taxes  were  paid  by  the  farmers- 
general  to  the  censors :  Varr. 
L.  L.  V.  2.  And  because  this  was 
done  at  the  end  of  every  fifth 
year,  hence  lustrum  is  made  to 
signify  the  intervening  space. 

119.  Annus  erat.  The  year  con- 
sisted of  ten  lunar  mouths. 

120.  Hie  numerus,  ^c.  The 
poet  proceeds  to  assign  the  reason 
why  the  number,  ten,  was  held  in 
such  estimation. 

121.  Seu  quia  tot  digiti.  So 
with  the  Greeks,  avatrsittwi^si»,  to 
count  on  five  fingers. 

122.  Seu  quia.  See  Fast.  i.83. 

123.  Seu  quod  adusque,  6fC.  Or 
because  we  arrive  so  far  as  ten, 
the  number  increasing  ;  i.  e.  from 
units  to  tens;  thence,  sc.  from  ten, 
we  make  the  commencement  of 
a  new  reckoning,  beginning  with 
unity  as  before.  The  poet  means 
to  say  that  the  use  of  a  decimal 
division  of  uumbers  was  another 


reason  for  the  respect  paid  to  the 
number  in  the  text. 

125.  Inde  pares,  ^c.  This  read- 
ing has  been  adopted  by  the  most 
approved  MSS.  and  is  in  all 
probability  the  more  correct,  as 
there  is  little  more  than  vague 
conjecture  to  support  the  other 
reading,  patres ;  there  being  no 
proof  that  the  senate  was  ever 
divided  into  decuries  by  Romulus, 
upon  which  supposition  only,  such 
an  interpretation  could  be  found- 
ed as  the  reading  is  adduced  to 
authorise.  It  is  probable  that  the 
line  Inde  pares,  ^'c.  is  to  be  taken 
as  a  general  observation  on  what 
had  been  done  by  Romulus,  which 
is  afterwards  explained  in  detail, 
Hastatos,  §-c.  Hence  pares  may 
allude  to  the  soldiers  of  the  three 
several  kinds  of  infantry  being 
well  matched;  for  instance,  the 
Hastati  consisted  of  young  men 
in  the  bloom  and  vigour  of  life, 
who  formed  the  first  line  in  bat- 
tle ;  the  Principes,  who  occupied 
the  second,  were  men  of  middle 
age,  and  the  Triarii,  who  formed 
the  third  line,  were  veterans  of 
distinguished  valour,  so  that  each 
line  consisted  of  a  distinct  body 
of  men,  who  were  at  the  same 
time  equally  efiicient  in  their  res- 
pective orders.  The  pares  centum 
may  then  be  understood  of  the 
hundred  soldiers  or  century  con- 
tained in  each  of  the  ten  com- 
panies, deni  orbes,  or  decern  Has- 
tati ;  for,  as  appears  from  Livy, 
xlii.  24,  the  first  company,  or  cen- 
tury was  called  primus  Hastatus. 
the   second,  seatndus  Hast,  &c. 


MARTIUS. 


121 


Romulus:  Hastatos  instituitque  decern. 
Et  totidem  Princeps,  totidem  Pilanus  habebat 

Corpora :  legitimo  quique  merebat  equo. 
Q.uin  etiam  partes  totidem  Titiensibus  idem, 
and   so  with  the    Piincipes  and     before  them,  were  called  Antepi- 


Triarii,  Et  totidem,  §-c.  Whence 
the  passage  may  be  interpreted, 
'  Thence  Romulus  set  apart  a 
hundred  equals,  or  of  the  same 
age,  riXiy.i'Zrai,  for  each  of  the  ten 
companies,  and  ordained  the  ten 
Hastati,'  &c. 

126.  Hastatos.  So  called,  be- 
cause armed  with  long  spears, 
hastcE,  which  were,  however,  af- 
terwards laid  aside  as  inconve- 
nient. Varr.  L.L.  iv.  16.      Thev 


lani.  By  Pilanus  is  to  be  under- 
stood the  commandant  of  the  ten 
centuries  of  the  Pilani  or  Triarii. 
128.  Leyitimoequo.  When  Ro- 
mulus divided  the  people  into 
three  tribes,  he  chose  from  each 
tribe  a  hundred  young  men  of  dis- 
tinguished rank,  wealth,  and  ac- 
complishments, who  served,  me- 
rebant,  as  cavalry,  and  whom  he 
used  as  a  body-guard.  The  pri- 
ces of  these  knights,  Equites, 


Were  the  first  to  engage,  and  if  were,  a  horse  supplied  them  at 
they  failed  to  make  an  impres-  the  public  expense,  hence  called 
sion  on  the  enemy,  they  withdrew    leyitimus  ,-  a   gold    ring- ;  the  aii- 


behind  the  Principes,  who  then 
took  up  the  battle.  The  leader  of 
the  primus  hastatus,  was  called, 
Ka.T  l^ax,''"'^,  Hastatus,  as  Princeps 
and  Pilanus  infr. 

127.  Princeps.  The  Principes 
were  so  called  from  their  superi- 
ority over  the  rest  of  the  infantry, 
'  quod  essent  praecipuum  robur 
exercitiis  ;'  or  because  they  were 
composed  of  the  more  noble  and 
wealthy  class  of  citizens,  or  from 
their  having  originally  formed  the 
first  line  in  battle.  They  were 
also  divided  into  ten  companies; 
'  Cretensi  bello,  Aletello  imper- 
atore,  octavum  principem  duxit, 
i.  e.  octavum  ordinem  principum.' 
Cic.  ad  Brut.  Epist.  8.  '  A.  Man. 
Acilio  mibi  primus  princeps  pri- 
ons centuriae  est  assignatus.'  Liv. 
xlii.  34.  Under  the  Caesars  the 
Principes  were  placed  in  the  van 
of  the  army  in  battle;  Veyet.  i. 
de  re  milit.  20,  ii.  2,  8,  15.  Pila- 
nus. The  Triarii,  so  called  from 
their  having  occupied  the  third 
line  in  battle,  were  also  called 
Pilani,  from  the  pilum  or  javelin 
which    they    used,    whence    the 


gustus  clavus,  or  tunica  angusti- 
clavia  ;  and  a  separate  seat  at  the 
public  spectacles.  It  cannot  be 
inferred  from  the  text  that  Ro- 
mulus appointed  a  thousand  equi- 
tes, as  he  did  Hastati,  &c.  but 
merely  that  he  continued  to  ob- 
serve his  rule,  selecting  ten  from 
each  curia,  or  a  hundred  from 
each  tribe.  Whence  in  this,  and 
the  two  precedinsj  lines,  the  poet 
has  given  the  exact  amount  of  the 
legion,  as  constituted  by  Romu- 
lus, which  contained  three  thou- 
sand foot,  and  three  hundred 
horse. 

129.  Partes  totidem.  These 
three  hundred  horsemen  were 
called  generallyCe/eres,  (ra^n;  Wi 
ra,  l^ycc,  ad  opera  veloces,  Dionys. 
ii.  1'3,  or  from  kO.vs,  eques  desul- 
torius  ;  or  from  Celer,  their  com- 
mander, who  is  said  to  have  been 
appointed  to  this  office  for  having 
murdered  Remus;  Fest.)  and 
were  divided  into  three  centuries, 
i.e.  three  companies,  containing 
an  equal  number,  totidem  partes, 
the  Titienses,  Ramnenses  and 
Luceres,  so  named  after  the  tribes 


Hastati  and  Principes  who  stood     from  which  they  were  chosen,  the 

M 


122 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  III. 


Quosque  vocant  Ramnes,  Luceribiisque  dedit.  130 

Assuetos  igitur  numeros  servavit  in  anno. 

Hoc  luget  spatio  femina  nicesta  virum. 
Neu  dubites,  primae  fuerint  quin  ante  Kalendae 

Martis  ;  ad  haec  animum  signa  referre  potes. 
Laurea  Flaminibus,  quae  toto  perstitit  anno,  135 

Tollitur :  et  frondes  sunt  in  honore  novae. 
Janua  nunc  Regis  posita  viret  arbore  Phcebi : 

Ante  tuas  fit  idem,  Curia  prisca,  fores. 
Vesta  quoque  ut  folio  niteat  velata  recenti, 

Cedit  ab  Iliacis  laurea  cana  focis.  140 

Adde,  quod  arcana  fieri  novus  ignis  in  aede 

Dicitur  ;  et  vires  flamma  refecta  capit. 


first  of  which  was  so  called  from 
Titus  Talius,  the  second  from 
Romulus,  and  the  third  from 
Lucer  or  Lucuraon,  an  Etrurian 
word,  siffnifyinfT  prince  or  chief, 
derived  from  Gr.  Xuxociyv,  Lycaon, 
the  first  king  of  Arcadia.  L.  Tar- 
quinius  Priscus,  was  called  Lu- 
cumo  in  Etruria,  whence  he  emi- 
grated to  Rome. 

131.  Assuetos  igitur,  Sec.  Hence 
he  adhered  to  his  favorite  number 
in  the  arraneement  of  the  year. 

IS2.  Hoc  luget.  Sfc.  See  Fast. 
i.  35. 

133.  JVeu  dubites.  Doubt  not 
but  that  the  first  kalends  were 
those  of  March  ;  i.  e.  that  March 
was  the  first  month  of  the  year. 

134.  Ad  hcEC  signa.  To  the  fol- 
lowing proofs. 

135.  Laurea  Flaminibus.  The 
laurel,  which  had  been  suspended 
for  a  year  in  the  house  of  the 
Flamines,  is  taken  down  and  re- 
placed with  fresh  boughs. 

137.  Regis.  Tiie  Rexsacrificu- 
lus.  Arbore  Phcebi.  The  laurel, 
sacred  to  Apollo.  '  Eodem  quo- 
que ingrediente  mense,  tam  in 
regia  cjriisque  atque  flaminum 
domibus  laurea;  veteres  novis  lau- 
rels mutabantur.'  Macrob.  Sa- 
turn, i. 

138.  Curia  prisca.  This  is  to 
be  understood  of  the  four  Curia 


Veteres,  which  were  originally  set 
apart  for  sacred  purposes  only,  as 
the  rest  were  devoted  to  civil  af- 
fairs. In  the  course  of  time,  how- 
ever, an  altar  and  priest  were 
assigned  to  all  See  Fast.  ii.  n. 
409. 

139.  Vesta  quoque.  This  would 
prove  that  there  was  a  statue  of 
V'esta,   See  supr.  n.  43. 

140.  Laurea  cana.  The  old 
laurel.  Laurea  vitta.  Heins.  Il- 
iacis focis.  So  called,  having  been 
brought  from  Troy  by  ^neas. 

141.  Arcana  ade.  The  secret 
shrine ;  because  the  Vestal  vir- 
gins only,  or  rather  the  Vestalis 
Maxima  alone,  had  permission  to 
enter  it.  Lucan.  i.  598.  So  Vir- 
gil, '  ^Eternumque  adytis  effert 
penetralibus  ignem ;'  ^neid,  ii. 
597.  Novus  ignis.  '  Hujus  etiam, 
prima  die  ignem  novum  Vestae 
aris  accendebant,  ut,  incipiente 
anno,  cura  denique  servandi  no- 
vati  isrnis  inciperet.'  Solin. 

142.  Flamma  refecta.  The  re- 
kindled flame.  Forcel.  This  fire 
was  lighted  anew,  not  from  an- 
otiier  fire,  but  from  the  pure  rav> 
of  the  sun,  concentrated  by  a 
parabolic  mirror,  and  made  to 
bear  upon  the  fuel.  Plutarch,  in 
Num.  It  was  considered  a  most 
unlucky  omen,  if  by  any  accident 
the  vestal  fire  was  allowed  to  be 


MARTIUS. 


123 


Nee  niihi  parva  fides,  annos  hinc  isse  priores, 

Anna  quod  hoc  coepta  est  mense  Perenna  coli. 
Hinc  etiam  veteres  initi  memorantur  honores 

Ad  spatium  belli,  perfido  Poene,  tui. 
Denique  quintus  ab  hoc  fuerat  Quintilis  :  et  inde 

Incipit,  a  numero  nomina  quisquis  habet. 
Primus,  oliviferis  Romam  deductus  ab  arvis, 

Pompilius  menses  sensit  abesse  duos  ; 


145 


150 


extinguished,  and  expiated  by  ex- 
traordinary sacrifices,  hostiis  via- 
joribus ;  Liv.  xxviii.  11.  The 
Vestal  who  had  been  guilty  of 
such  neglect,  was  scourged  by  the 
Pontifex  Max.  Valer.  Max.  i.  1, 
6,  or  by  bis  order,  *  nuda  quidem 
sed  obscuro  loco  et  velo  medio  in- 
terposito  ;'  Plutarch,  in  Num.  At 
Rome,  in  the  time  of  the  war 
with  Mithridates,  and  in  the  civil 
wars,  the  fire  was  not  only  ex- 
tinguished, but  the  altar  demo- 
lished. Ibid. 

143.  A7mos  hinc  isse  priores. 
That  hence  the  ancient  years  be- 
gan. 

144.  Anna  Perenna.  For  her 
story,  and  the  origin  of  her  name, 
see  infr.  519.  etseq.  Hoc  mense. 
March,  when  the  festival  was 
celebrated,  and  sacrifices  offered 
in  honour  of  Anna  Perenna,  the 
goddess  of  the  year. 

145.  Hinc  etiam,  ^'c.  It  is  im- 
possible to  reconcile  this  asser- 
tion of  the  poet  with  history, 
which  may  fairly  be  presumed  to 
be  the  more  authentic.  It  has  al- 
ready appeared  that  the  first  con- 
suls entered  upon  their  ofEce  on 
the  VII.  Kal.  Mart.  Feb.  23d. 
The  time  of  their  appointment 
continued  to  fluctuate,  until  a.  u. 
598  or  600,  when  the  first  of  Ja- 
nuary, Kal.  Jan.  was  permanently 
fixed  as  the  '  Dies  solennis,  ma- 
gistrat.  ineund.  Liv.  xlvii. 

146.  Ad  spatium  belli.  Down  to 
the  end  of  the  third  Punic  war, 
A.  u.  600.  Perfide  Poene.  Hanni- 
bal ;  for  whose  history  and  achieve- 


ments, see  Class.  Die.  The  epi- 
thet perfide,  is  applied  to  him  in 
allusion  to  the  characteristic 
treachery  of  his  countrymen, 
whereby  Punica  fides  became  a 
proverb. 

147.  Denique  quintus,  Sfc.  See 
Fast.  i.  N.  39. 

149.  Oliviferis  arvis.  Trebula 
Mutusca,  a  town  of  the  Sabines, 
famous  for  its  olives;  '  olivifer- 
seque  Mutuscse  ;'  Virg.  ^n.  vii. 
711.  It  was  called  Treb.  Mutusca, 
to  distinguish  it  from  Trebula 
Suffena,  or  Suffenatis,  another 
Sabine  town.  Deductus.  Accom- 
panied, out  of  respect;  prcesertini 
officii  causa  ;  Forcel.  Numa  was 
met  on  the  way  by  the  senate  and 
people,  who  expressed  unequivo- 
cal delight  at  receiving  him.  The 
women  bade  him  welcome  with 
joyful  acclamations  ;  sacrifices 
were  offered  in  all  the  temples, 
and  so  universal  was  thejo}',  that 
the  city  appeared  not  to  have 
obtained  a  king  but  a  kingdom. 
Plutarch,  in  Num. 

IJO.  Pompilius.  Numa  Pom- 
pil.  fourth  son  of  Pomponius, 
an  illustrious  Sabine.  He  was 
born  on  the  twenty-first  of  April, 
the  day  on  which  the  foundation 
of  Rome  was  laid  by  Romulus ; 
as  it  would  appear,  Plutarch  ob- 
serves, under  the  direction  of  the 
gods.  His  character  was  so  dis- 
tinguished for  piety  and  philoso- 
phy, that  Talius  bestowed  on  him 
his  only  daughter  Tatia  in  mar- 
riage. Numa,  however,  could  not 
be   induced   to   make    Rome  his 


124 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  III. 


Sive  hoc  a  Samio  doctus,  qui  posse  renasci 


residence,  aud  conformably  no 
less  with  his  wife's  taste  than  his 
own,  he  returned  to  dwell  amongst 
the  Sabines,  and  solace  the  de- 
clining years  of  his  aged  father. 
Upon  the  death  of  Tatia,  he  re- 
tired to  the  country,  and  frequent- 
ed the  groves  and  fields  consecra- 
ted to  the  gods.  Hence  arose  the 
story  of  his  communion  with  the 
goddess  Egeria,  who  is  said  to 
have  endowed  him  with  a  know- 
ledge of  human  and  divine  sub- 
jects, beyond  the  ordinary  lot  of 
man.  Menses  sensit  abesse  duos. 
See  Fast.  i.  n.  43. 

151  A  Samio.  Pythagoras,  the 
son  of  Demaratus,  a  wealthy 
goldsmith,  or  according  to  others, 
of  Mnesarchus  a  seal  engraver, 
born  in  Samos,  an  island  in  the 
Icarian  Sea,  opposite  to  Ephesus. 
He  was  so  called  from  Uu^ios, 
Apollo,  and  ayooa,  oratio,  because 
his  doctrines  were  received  as 
implicitly  as  oracles.  He  was  a 
pupil  of  Pherecydes  of  Scyrus, 
one  of  the  Cyclades,  near  Delos, 
who  lived  in  the  forty-fifth  Olym- 
piad, B.  c.  600,  and  according  to 
.losephus,  Contr.  Apion.  i.  stu- 
died philosophy  in  Egypt,  at  that 
period  universally  resorted  to  as 
the  seat  of  learning.  Having  re- 
ceived all  the  advantages  of  edu- 
cation which  his  own  country 
could  afford,  Pythagoras  travelled 
into  Egypt,  whence  he  derived 
tlie  greater  number  of  those  doc- 
trines, which  he  subsequently 
tuuijht  with  such  eminent  success. 
He  proceeded  to  Babylon  to  make 
himself  acquainted  with  astrolo- 
gy, and  the  discipline  of  the 
Chaldees;  and  turned  back  from 
the  east  to  Crete  and  Sparta, 
where  he  made  himself  acquainted 
with  the  institutions  of  Minos 
and  Lycurgus.  On  his  return  to 
Samos,  after  an  absence  of  twenty 
years,  he  found  it  in  possession  of 


Polycrates,  and  retired  in  conse- 
quence to  Peloponnesus,  where 
having  remained  for  a  time,  he 
went  into  that  part  of  Italy  called 
Magna  Grsecia.  His  ordinary  re- 
sidence was  at  Croton,  Tarentum, 
Metapontum,  and  the  neighbour- 
ing towns,  where  he  propogated 
his  principles  with  astonishing 
success.  It  is  generally  agreed, 
however,  that  he  could  not,  as  was 
supposed  by  some,  have  been  by 
any  possibility  the  instructor  of 
Numa  ;  Livy  writes  as  follows  : 
'  Auctorem  doctrinae  ejus,  quia 
non  extat  alius,  falso  Samium 
Pythagoram  edunt :  quern,  Ser- 
vio  Tuilio  regnante  Roma;,  cen- 
tum amplius  post  annos,  in  ulti- 
mse  Italise  ora,  circa  Metapontum 
Heracleamque  et  Crotona,  juve- 
num  semulantium  studia  coetus 
habuisse  constat.  Exquibus  locis, 
etsi  ejusdem  setatis  fuisset,  quae 
fama  in  Sabinos  aut  quo  lingure 
commercio,  quenquam  ad  cupi- 
ditatem  discendi  excivisset;  quove 
prsesidio  unus  per  tot  gentes, 
dissonas  sermone  moribusque  per- 
venisset  ?  i.  18.  Pythagoras  ar- 
rived in  Italy  during  the  reign  of 
Tarquinius  Priscus,  in  the  51st 
Olympiad,  and  Numa  was  chosen 
king  of  Rome  the  third  year  of 
the  16tb.  So  that  thirty-four 
Olympiads,  136  years,  intervened 
between  Numa's  elevation  and 
the  arrival  of  Pythagoras.  This 
nearly  agrees  with  the  computa- 
tion of  Dionysius  of  Halicarnas- 
sus,  who  says  that  Numa  reigned 
four  generations,  (a  generation 
consisted  of  thirty  years)  before 
Pythagoras  ;  and  he  further  con- 
tradicts the  assertion,  that  Numa 
studied  under  that  philosopher  at 
Croton  after  he  was  called  to  the 
crown,  by  adding  that  Croton  was 
not  built  until  four  years  after  his 
election  to  the  sovereignty  of 
Rome.      Plutarch  says  that  Py- 


1 


MARTI  us. 


125 


Nos  putat ;  Egeria  sive  monente  sua. 


1  hafforas  the  Samian  was  believed 
to  have  preceded  Numa  by  five 
generations  or  atres,  but  that  there 
was  another  of  the  same  name,  a 
Spartan,  wiio  won  the  prize  at  the 
Olympic  races  in  tlie  16th  Olym- 
piad ;  that  in  his  travels  through 
Italy,  he  became  acquainted  with 
Numa,  and  assisted  him  in  regu- 
lating the  government ;  and  that 
by  the  advice  of  this  Pythagoras 
so  many  of  the  Spartan  institu- 
tions were  introduced  among  the 
Romans.  Eratosthenes  mentions 
that  the  Samian  also,  while  very 
young,  wfis  a  victor  at  the  Olym- 
))ic  games  in  the  48th  Olympiad  ; 
but  Lloyd,  in  his  dissertation  on 
the  chronology  of  Pythagoras, 
Ed.  Lond.  1699,  endeavours  to 
prove  that  the  Olympic  victor 
was  not  the  same  person  as  the 
philosopher,  and  this  might  give 
some  colouring  to  the  opinion  of 
those  alluded  to  by  Plutarch.  The 
same  author  mentions  that  there 
certainly  existed  several  analogies 
between  the  regulations,  rites,  &c. 
of  Numa  and  Pythagoras ;  the 
worship  of  Tacita  by  the  former 
looks  like  an  acquaintance  with 
the  philosopher's  precept  of  si- 
lence. Neither  of  them  would 
permit  any  images  of  the  deity, 
whom  they  both  agreed  in  believ- 
ing invisible  and  incorruptible, 
and  to  be  comprehended  in  the 
mind  alone.  Their  sacrifices  were 
similar  ;  they  were  not  celebrated 
with  efifusion  of  blood,  but  con- 
sisted for  the  most  part  in  offer- 
in<rs  of  flour,  wine,  libations,  &c. 
Plutarch  recounts  many  other 
particulars,  from  which  it  would 
appear  that  Numa  had  been  ac- 
tually taught  by  Pythagoras,  but 
it  is  impossible  to  reconcile  this 
supposition  with  history.  It  re- 
mains but  to  adopt  the  conclusion 
of  Livy  upon  the  subject,  speak- 


ing of  Numa ;  '  Suopte  ingenio 
temperatum  animum  virtutibus 
iuisse.' 

—  Qui  posse  renasci.  In  al- 
lusion to  the  Pythagorean  doc- 
trine of  Metempsychosis,  or 
transmigration  of  souls,  which 
Pythagoras  probably  learned  in 
Egypt,  where  it  was  commonly 
taught.  Upon  this  doctrine  was 
founded  the  abstinence  of  the 
philosopher  and  his  disciples  from 
animal  food,  and  the  exclusion  of 
animal  sacrifices  from  their  reli- 
gious ceremonies.  This  latter 
part  of  the  doctrine  is  described 
with  the  poet's  usual  elegance, 
Metam.  xv.  158,  et  seq.  and  ably 
translated  by  Dryden. 

•  What  then  is  death,  but  ancient  raattter 

drest 
In  some  new  figure,  and  a  varied  vest: 
Thus  all  things  are  but  altered,  nothing 

dies; 
And  here  and  there  th'  unbodied  spirit 

flies. 
By  time,  or  force,  or  sickness,  dispossess'd. 
And  lodges  where  it  lights,  in  man  or 

beast,'  &c. 

In  the  Xauira.  'Ear?),  or  golden  verses 
of  Pythagoras,  supposed  to  have 
been  written  by  liis  disciple  Em- 
pedocles.  Fabric.  Bib.  Gr.  i.  466, 
directions  are  given  for  a  suitable 

diet,  AXX'  i'loyov  ^ocaToit  u\i  h'O'iifAly, 
&.C. 

152.  Egeria.  '  Simulat  sibicum 
Dea.  Eg'eria  congressus  nocturnos 
esse.'  Liv.  Egeria  was  a  nymph 
of  the  Arician  grove,  with  whom 
Numa  pretended  to  hold  secret 
conferences,  in  order  that  he 
might  wean  the  attention  of  the 
Romans  from  the  tumults  and 
excitement  of  war  to  the  cultiva- 
tion of  social  harmony  and  peace. 

'  Egeria!  sweet  creation  of  some  heart 
Which  found  no  mortal  resting  place 
so  fair 
As   thine   ideal  breast:    whate'er   thou 
art. 
Or  wert— a  young  Aurora  of  the  air, 
M  2 


126 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  III. 


Sed  tamen  errabant  ctiamnum  tempora  ;  donee 
Caesaris  in  multis  lia-c  qiioque  cura  t'uit. 

Non  haec  ille  dens  tanta?qiie  propaginis  auctor 
Credidit  officiis  esse  minora  suis  : 

Promissumque  sibi  voliiit  pricnoscere  coelum  ; 
Nee  deus  ignotas  hospes  inire  domos. 

Ille  moras  soils,  quibus  in  sua  signa  rediret, 


155 


The  nympholepsy  of  some  fond  despair ; 
Or,  it  might  be,  a  beauty  of  the  earth. 
Who  found  a  more  than  common  votary 
there 
Too  much  adoring ;  whatsoe'erthybirth. 
Thou  wert  a  beautiful  thought,  and  softly 
bodied  forth.' 

*  *  * 

'  Here  didst  thou  dwell  in  this  enchanted 

cover, 

Egeria,  thy  all-heavenly  bosom  beating 

For  the  far  footsteps  of  thy  mortal  lover, 

The  purple  midnight  veil'd  that  mystic 

meeting 
With  her  most  starry  canopy.—' 

|BvnoN. 

Numa  professed  to  have  re- 
ceived from  her  the  institutions, 
sacred  and  civil,  by  the  establish- 
ment of  which  he  was  enabled  to 
accomplish  the  object  he  had  in 
view.  The  name  Egeria  is  de- 
rived by  some  from  egerere,  be- 
cause the  goddess  was  supposed 
to  facilitate  childbirth.  She  is 
said,  upon  the  death  of  Numa,  to 
have  retired  to  the  Arician  grove, 
where  Diana,  moved  with  pity  for 
lier  unavailing  grief,  changed  her 
into  a  fountain  of  the  same  name. 
Metam.  xv.  487,  and  infr.  261. 

1  b'i.Errabant.  See  Fast.  i.  n.  43. 

lo4.  CcBsaris.  Seeiv/s^i.  N.  1. 

155.  Tantaque  propaginis.  Sc. 
Augustus,  Tiberius,  and  Ger- 
manicus. 

157.  Promissvmque.  '  Hunc  tu 
olim  coelo   spoliis   orientis  onus- 


tum  Accipies  secura;  vocabitur 
hie  quoque  volis.'  Virg.  JEneid, 
i.  289. 

159.  Moras  soUs,  Sfc.  The  time 
which  the  sun  takes  in  moving 
from  Cancer  to  Capricorn  and 
back  again.  Some  understand  by 
vwras  solis,  the  summer  and  win- 
ter solstice.  Moras.  Intervals  or 
stages,  Gr.  //.oea,  from  f-up'^,  divido. 
In  sua  signa.  The  signs  of  the 
Zodiac.  Traditur  exactis  dispo- 
suisse  notis.  Is  reported  to  have 
arranged  by  distinct  tokens,  the  in- 
tervals, &c.  Csesar  was  guided  in 
bis  plan  of  reforming  the  calendar 
principally  by  the  Egyptian  me- 
thod of  computation,  by  which  the 
year  was  divided  into  l2  months, 
each  consisting  of  30  days,  with 
five  intercalary  days  at  the  end  of 
the  year,  and  of  every  fourth  year 
six,  Herod,  ii.  4.  These  inter- 
calary days,  Csesar  distributed 
among  the  months  which  now 
contain  31  days,  as  also  the  days 
which  he  subtracted  from  Febru- 
ary ;  liaving  adjusted  the  year, 
according  to  Dio,  with  such  ex- 
actness to  the  course  of  the  sun, 
that  the  insertion  of  one  inter- 
calary day  in  1461  years  would 
make  up  the  diiference,  Dio.  xliii. 
26 ;  there  was,  however,  in  time, 
found  to  be  a  variation  of  ten 
days  between  them.  Tiie  Egyp- 
tian year  began  with  September, 
the  Julian  with  January.  Caesar's 
reformation  of  the  calendar  sub- 
jected him  to  some  envy  and  rail- 
lery ;  it  is  said  that  upon  a  remark 
having  been  made  by  a  friend  in 


I 


KAL.  MART. 

Traditur  exaclis  disposuisse  notis. 
Is  decies  senos  tercentum  et  quinque  diebus 

Junxit,  et  e  pleno  tempora  quarta  die. 
Hie  anni  modus  est.     In  lustrum  accedere  debet, 

Qua;  consummatm-  partibus,  una  dies. 


127 

160 


KAL.  MART.  MATRONALIA,  ET  JUNONI  LUCIN^ 
TEMPLUM  DICATUM. 


Si  licet  occultos  monitus  audire  deorum 

Vatibus,  ut  certe  fama  licere  putat : 
Cum  sis  officiis,  Gradive,  virilibus  aptus  ; 

Die  mihi,  matronse  cur  tua  festa  colant. 
Sic  ego  :  sic  posita  dixit  mihi  casside  Mavors  ; 

Sed  tamen  in  dextra  missilis  hasta  fuit : 
Nunc  primum  studiis  pacis,  deus  utilis  armis, 

Advocor  :  et  gressus  in  nova  castra  fero. 
Nee  piget  incepti.     Juvat  hac  quoque  parte  morari : 


165 


170 


conversation  with  Cicero,  '  Cras 
occidit  Lyra,'  the  orator  imme- 
diately replied,  'Nempe,  ex  edic- 
to.' 

]  62.  Tempora  quarta.  A  fourth 
part,  si.\  hours,  e  pleno  die,  of  the 
whole  day,  twenty-four  hours. 
Some  copies  read  quinta  in  con- 
sequence of  lustrum,  in  the  line 
following,  which  generally  signi- 
fies a  terra  of  five  years,  however, 
the  emendation  is  unnecessary  ; 
'  Nihilominus  etiam  de  quadri- 
ennio  complete,  et  quinquennio 
incepto  lustrum  dicitur.  Forcel. 
in  voc.  et  loc.  cit. 

163.  In  lustrum,  ^-c.  The  four 
fourth-parts  caused  the  addition 
of  one  whole  day,  quca  consumma- 
tur  partibus,  which  is  made  per- 
fect from  the  parts,  to  the  term  of 
fonr  years,  lustrum.  Consumatur. 
Heins. 

168.  Matronce.  The  kalends  of 
March  was  the  day  for  the  Ma- 
tronalia,  a  festival  celebrated  by 
matrons.  Five  causes  are  assigned 
for  this  apparent  incongruity. 
Colant.   On  this  day  it  is  custom- 


ary for  husbands  to  bestow  pre- 
sents on  their  wives  :  Tibull.  iii. 
1.    Suet.   Vesp.  19. 

1 69.  Posita  casside.  In  sign  of 
his  having  assumed  a  posture  of 
ease;  see  supr.  1,  Some  copies 
read  cuspide,  referring  to  supr.  8, 
as  an  authority. 

170.  Hasta.  Of  this  weapon, 
which  was  invented  by  the  Spar- 
tans, there  were  three  species; 
one  of  a  shorter  description, 
thrown  from  the  hand,  missilis ; 
another,  somewhat  longer,  and 
more  heavy,  which  might  be  used 
like  the  former,  but  was  generally 
held  in  the  hand,  in  close  com- 
bat, cominus :  the  third  was  so 
heavy  as  to  require  to  be  dis- 
charged from  an  engine.  Some- 
times hasta  signifies  merelv  the 
shaft  of  the  spear  ;  '  hasta  pura,' 
i.  e.  without  an  iron  head.  Vir(/. 
^neid,  vi.  70.  '      ' 

172.  In  nova  castra.  Into  a 
strange  camp;  because  of'  Nunc 
primum  studiis,  &c.  supr. 

173.  Juvat,  Sfc.  It  is  pleasing 
to  dwell  upon  this  province  also, 


128 


FASTORUM,  LIB.   III. 


Hoc  solam  ne  se  posse  Minerva  putet. 
Disce,  Latinorum  vates  operose  dieriim,  175 

Quod  petis  ;  et  memori  pectore  dicta  nota. 
Parva  fuit,  si  prima  velis  elementa  reterre, 

Roma  :  sed  in  parva  spes  tamen  hujus  erat. 
Moenia  jam  stabant,  populis  angushi  futuris  : 

Credita  sed  turbae  tunc  nimis  ampla  suae.  180 

Quae  t'uerit  nostri,  si  quaeris,  regia  nati  ; 

Adspice  de  canna  straminibusque  domum. 
In  stipula  placidi  carpebat  munera  somni : 

Et  tamen  ex  illo  venit  in  astra  toro. 
Jamque  loco  majus  nomen  llomanus  habebat :  185 

Nee  conjux  illi,  nee  socer  ullus  erat. 
Spernebant  generos  inopes  vicinia  dives  : 

Et  male  credebar  sanguinis  auctor  ego. 
In  stabulis  habitasse,  boves  pavisse,  nocebat, 

Jugeraque  inculti  pauca  tenere  soli.  190 

Cum  pare  quseque  suo  coeunt  volucresque  feraeqiie, 

Atque  aliquam,  de  qua  procreet,  anguis  habet. 


lest  Minerva  may  suppose  that 
she  only  can  engage  in  it  effec- 
tiveh'. 

175.  Vates  operose.  So  Fast.  i. 
101. 

178.  Hvjus.  AiizTixa;,  of  this 
which  exists  at  present.  Mean  as 
the  city  may  have  been  at  its  ori- 
gin, elementa,  it  gave  a  hope  of  the 
magnificence  to  which  it  had  at- 
tained in  the  poet's  time. 

179.  Populis  angiista  futuris. 
Too  narrow  for  its  destined  po- 
pulation, but  thought  to  be  too 
spacious  for  its  numbers  at  that 
time.  Four  years  elapsed  between 
the  building  of  the  city,  and  the 
carrying  away  of  the  Sabine  wo- 
men. 

181.  Nati.   Romulus. 

182.  De  carina  straminibusque. 
Of  reeds  and  thatch.  So  Virgil, 
'  Romuleoque  recens  horrebat  re- 
<.'ia  culmo.'  u^neid,  viii.  654. 
Domum.  Called  by  Servius,  Cu- 
ria Calabra.  F'orcellinus  places 
this  Curia  close  to  the  hut  of 
liomulus  in  the  Capitol,  and  says 


that  it  was  called  Calabra,  acalan- 
do,  because  previous  to  the  pro- 
mulgation of  the  Fasti,  the  people 
were  wont  to  be  summoned  thither, 
immediately  after  the  new  moon, 
by  tiie  Pontifex  Minor,  who,  up- 
on the  offering  of  the  custoraarv 
sacrifices  by  the  Rex  Sacrificulus, 
proclaimed  the  arrangement  ol 
the  nones  and  ides,  the  dies  fasti 
and  nefrtsti,  holidays  and  games, 
&c,  for  the  ensuing  month.  The 
primitive  habitation  of  the  found- 
er of  the  Roman  empire  was  re- 
garded with  profound  veneration 
by  his  posterity  ;  one  of  the  most 
important  duties  of  the  priests 
was  to  secure  it,  by  constant  re- 
pair, against  the  ravages  of  time. 

187.  Spernebant.  '  Nusquam 
benigne  legatio  audita  est :  adeo 
simul  spernebant,  simul  tantam 
in  medio  crescentem  molem  si- 
bi  ac  posteris  suis  metuebant.  A 
plerisque  rogitantibus  dismissi, 
Ecquod  feminis  quoque  asylum 
aperuissent  ?  id  enim  demum  corn- 
par  connubium  fore.'  Liv, 


KAL.  MART. 


129 


Extremis  dantur  connubia  gentibus  :  at,  quae 

Romano  vellet  nubere,  nulla  fuit. 
Indolui ;  patriamque  dedi  tibi,  Roniule,  mentem. 

Tolle  preces,  dixi :  quod  potis,  arnia  dabunt. 
Festa  para  Conso  :   Consus  tibi  ca^tera  dicet, 

Illo  facta  die  cum  sua  sacra  canet. 
Intumuere  Cures,  et  quos  dolor  attigit  idem. 

Tum  primum  generis  intulit  arma  socer. 
Jamque  fere  rapta?  matrum  quoque  nomen  habebant, 


195 


20O 


193.  Extremis  dantur  conriubia 
gentibus.  Nations,  the  most  re- 
mote from  each  other,  enjoyed 
the  privilege  of  intermarriage, 
but  the  proposals  of  Romulus 
were  rejected  by  those  who  dwelt 
around  him  ;  '  Legatos  circa  vici- 
nas  gentes  misit  qui  societatem 
connubiumque  novo  populo  pete- 
rent,'  &c.  Liv. 

197.  Conso.  The  god  of  secrets. 
It  is  said  that  the  true  name  of 
this  deity  was  not  allowed  to  be 
divulged,  and  consequently  they 
distinguished  him  by  one  which 
is  merely  expressive  of  an  attri- 
bute ;  Consus  being  derived  from 
conso,  an  obsolete  verb  for  consu- 
lo,  meaning  that  he  w-as  the  god 
of  counsel,  or  qu.  cossxis  or  coas- 
sus,  from  con  and  sum,  because  iu 
that  capacity  he  is  present  at, 
and  assists  in  deliberations ;  or 
from  consum  for  cunditum,m  which 
sense  he  may  be  identified  with 
equestrian  Neptune,  who  w'as  the 
god  both  of  secrets  and  the  sea, 
Ascon.  in  Verr.  ii.  10.  A  subter- 
raneous altar  was  consecrated  to 
him,  in  consequence,  in  the  Circus, 
which  was  never  revealed  except 
during  the  sacrifices  at  the  Con- 
sualia  ;  by  which  it  was  to  be  un- 
derstood that  deliberations  of  im- 
portance were  not  to  be  disclosed  : 
this  will  explain  the  passage  in  the 
text.  Tertullian  speaks  of  this 
altar  as  existing  ip  his  time  in  the 
Circus,  De  Sped.  c.  5,  at  the  en- 
trance  of  the   race-course,  with 


this  inscription,  '  Consus  consilio. 
Mars  duello.  Lares  comitio  po- 
tentes.'  Romulus  appointed  a 
festival  in  honour  of  this  deity 
when  he  formed  the  design  of 
carrying  away  the  Sabine  women 
in  order  to  ensure  its  secrecy  and 
success.  It  is  supposed  by  some 
that  not  merely  the  Consualia,  but 
all  the  Circensian  games,  were 
held  in  honour  of  equestrian  Nep- 
tune ;  Virgil  appears  to  class 
them  together,  '  raptas  sine  more 
Sabinas  Consessu  caveje,  magnis 
Circensibus  actis.'  ^neid,  viii. 
636.  This  festival,  consisting  of 
horse  and  mule  races,  &c.  was 
held  commonly  on  the  xii.  Kal. 
Sept.  according  to  the  old  calen- 
dar, the  anniversary  of  the  ex- 
ploit which  it  was  intended  to 
commemorate. 

199.  Intumuere  Cures,  The  Sa- 
bines  were  incensed.  Et  quos. 
The  Sabines  were  not  the  first  to 
take  up  arms  and  revenge  the  in- 
sult offered  to  them.  The  Cceni- 
nenses,  Crustumini,  and  Antem- 
nates  were  already  in  the  field, 
while  the  Sabines  were  wasting 
time  in  preparations;  but  they 
were  rapidly  defeated,  and  the 
Sabines  were  at  last  roused  to 
exertion.  They  marched  against 
Rome  under  the  conduct  of  Ta- 
tius;  the  sequel  is  given  in  the 
text. 

200.  Generis.  The  Romans. 
Socer.   The  Sabines. 


130 


FASTORUM,  LIB.   III. 


Tnictaque  crant  longa  bella  propinqua  mora. 
C'onveniunt  nuptoe  dictam  Junonis  in  aedem  : 

Quas  inter  mea  sic  est  nurus  orsa  loqui : 
()  pariter  raptae,  quoniam  hoc  commune  tenemus  ; 

Non  ultra  lente  possumus  esse  pise. 
Stant  acies :  sed  utra  Di  sint  pro  parte  rogandi, 

Eligite.     Hinc  conjux,  liinc  pater  arma  tenet. 
Quairendum,  viduae  fieri  malimus,  an  orbae. 

Consilium  vobis  forte  piumque  dabo. 
Consilium  dederat.     Parent,  crinemque  resolvunt, 

Moestaque  funerea  corpora  veste  tegunt. 
Jam  stabant  acies  ferro  mortique  paratae  : 

Jam  lituus  pugnae  signa  daturus  erat ; 
Cum  raptae  veniunt  inter  patresque  virosque, 

Inque  sinu  natos  pignora  cara  ferunt. 
Ut  medium  campi  passis  tetigere  capillis  ; 

In  terram  posito  procubuere  genu. 
Et,  quasi  sentirent,  blando  clamore  nepotes 

Tendebant  ad  avos  brachia  parva  suos. 
Qui  poterat,  clamabat  avura,  tum  denique  visum  : 

Et  qui  vix  poterat,  posse  coactus  erat. 


205 


•2U) 


215 


220 


202.  Bella  propinqua.  Wars 
between  kindred. 

20-3.  Dictam  in  cedem.  To  the 
appointed  temple,  so,  '  dicta  sub 
arbore  sedit.'  Metam.  iv.  95. 

204.  Nurus.  Hersilia,  a  Sabine 
woman,  the  wife  of  Romulus; 
she  was  deified  after  death,  and 
worshipped  as  the  goddess  of 
youth  and  beauty,  under  the  name 
of  Hora  or  Ora. 

206.  Non  ultra.  We  cannot, 
longer,  tardily  pursue  the  path  of 
duty. 

207.  Utra  parte.  Romans  and 
Sabines. 

211.  Parent,  crinemque  resold 
vnjtt.  Compare  Liv.i  13.  Tum 
Sabinae  niulieres,  quaium  ex  inju- 
ria helium  ortum  erat,  crinibus 
passis,  scissaque  veste,  victo  ma- 
ils muliebri  pavore,  ausaj  se  inter 
volantia  tela  inferre,  ex  transver- 
so  impetu  facto,  dirimere  infestas 
acies,  dirimere  iras  ;  hinc  patres, 
hinc  viros  orantes,  '  Ne  se   san- 


guine nefando  soceri  generique 
respergerent :  ne  parricidio  ma- 
cularent  partus  suos,  nepotum 
illi,  liberum  hi  progeniem.  Si 
affinitatis  inter  vos,  si  connubii 
piget,  in  nos  vertite  iras :  nos 
causa  belli,  nos  vulnerum  ac  cce- 
dium  viris  ac  parentibus  sumus, 
melius  peribimus,  quam  sine  alte- 
ris  vestriim  viduse  aut  orbae  vive- 
mus.' 

214.  Lituus.  A  clarion  ;  from 
Gr.  Xtro;,  acutus,  in  reference  to 
its  sound ;  curved  slightly  towards 
tlie  end,  and  made  of  brass.  Jam 
liticeu  pugncE  signa  daturus  erat. 
Heins. 

217.  Ut  tetigere.  Soon  as  they 
reached,  &c. 

219.  Quasi  sentirent.  As  if  they 
were  conscious  of  what  was  about 
to  take  place. 

222.  Et  qui  vix  poterat,  iVc. 
The  infant  which  scarcely  had  the 
strength  to  cry,  was  compelled  to 
the  effort  by  the  general  lamen-' 


KAL.  MART. 


131 


Tela  viris  animusque  cadunt :  gladiisque  remotis 

Dant  soceri  generis,  accipiuntque  manus  : 
Laudatasque  tenent  natas  ;  scutoque  nepotem  225 

Fert  avus  :  hie  seuti  dulcior  usus  erat. 
Inde  diem,  qnse  prima,  meas  celebrare  Kalendas 

QEbalides  matres  non  leve  munus  habent. 
An  quia,  committi  strictis  mucronibus  ansae, 

Finierant  lacln-ymis  Martia  bella  suis?  230 

Vel,  quod  erat  de  me  I'eliciter  Ilia  mater, 

Rite  colunt  matres  sacra,  diem.que  meum. 
Quid  ?  quod  hiems,  adoperta  gelu,  nunc  denique  cedit, 

Et  pereunt  victae  sole  tepente  nives. 
Arboribus  redeunt  detonsae  irigore  frondes  ;  235 

Uvidaque  e  tenero  palmite  gemma  tumet. 
Q,uaeque  diu  latuit,  nunc  se  qua  tollat  in  auras, 

Fertilis  occultas  invenit  herba  vias. 
Nunc  fecundus  ager  :  pecoris  nunc  bora  creandi  : 

Nunc  avis  in  ramo  tecta  laremque  parat.  240 

Tempora  jure  colunt  Latiaj  fecunda  parentes  ; 


tation.  Some  commenlators  who 
mistake  folly  for  ingenuity,  have 
interpreted  this  from  the  preced- 
ing line,  and  understand  the  pas- 
sage, ^wi  vix  poterat  clamare  avum, 
&c.  '  The  child  that  was  not  ahle 
to  call  upon  its  jjrandfather,  mads 
the  effort  hy  pronouncing  the  two 
interjections,  a/i  and  va,  i.e.  ave  /' 
and  so  succeeded  in  making  its 
pathetic  appeal,  and  quieting  the 
critical  conscience  of  these  eru- 
dite annotators. 

228.  CEbalides.  See  Fast.  i.  N. 
260.  Non  leve  munus  habent.  Hold 
it  no  unimportant  duty. 

229.  Quia,  committi,  §"c.  Be- 
cause having  dared  to  be  exposed 
to  unsheathed  swords,  they  had 
terminated  by  their  tears  the  strife 
of  war. 

2.31.  Ilia  mater.   Supr.  23. 
233.    Quid?    quod  hyems,   SjC. 

'  From  the  moist  meadow  to  the  withered 

hill. 
Led  by  the  breeze,  the  vivid  verdure  runs. 
And  swells  and  deepens  to  the  chetish'd 

eye. 


The  hawthorn  whitens ;    and  the  juicy 

grove< 
Put  forth  their  buds,  unfolding  by  degrees. 
Till  the    whole  lesify  forest   stands  di>- 

play'd, 
In  full  luxuriance  to  the  sighing  -rales ; 
Where  the  deer  rustle  thro'  the  twining 

brak  •, 
And  the  birds  sing  conceal'd;' — 
'  Some  to  the  holly  hedge. 
Nestling  repair,  and  to  the  thicket  sfime  ; 
Some  to  the  rude  protection  of  the  thorn 
Commit  their  feeble  oflspring  :_the  cleft 

tree 
Offers  its  kind  concealment  to  a  few ; 
Their  food  its  insects,  and  its  moss  their 

nests.' 

Thomson's  Spring. 

Compare   also    Virg.    Georg.    ii. 

322,  et  seq. 

236.  Uvidaque.  Humidaq.  A]. 
Vividaq.  Ambros.  Mazar. 

239.  Pecoris  nunc  hora  creandi. 
Pccori  nunc  hora  creando  est. 
Heins. 

241.  Tempora  jure  colunt.  Thrt 
vivifying  effects  of  spring  are  ad- 
duced as  another  reason  for  tha 
celebration  of  the  Matroualia  at 
this  particular  period. 


132 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  III. 


Quarum  militiam  votaque  partus  habet. 
Adde,  quod  excubias  regi  Romanus  agebat, 

Qua  nunc  Esquilias  nomina  collis  habet. 
lUic  a  nuribus  Junoni  templa  Latinis 

Hac  sunt,  si  memini,  publica  facta  die. 
Quid  moror,  et  variis  onero  tua  pectora  causis  ? 

Eminet  ante  oculos,  quod  petis,  ecce  tuos. 
Mater  amat  nuptas  :  matris  me  turba  frequentant. 

Hasc  nos  prsecipue  tarn  pia  causa  decet.' 
Ferte  dese  flores  :  gaudet  florentibus  herbis 

Usee  dea  :  de  tenero  cingite  flore  caput. 
Dicite,  Tu  lucem  nobis,  Lucina,  dedisti. 

Dicite,  Tu  voto  parturientis  ades. 


245 


250 


24'2.  Quarum  militiam.  Whose 
province,  militia,  ami  prayers,  vo- 
ta,  are  fulfilled  in  cliildbirth.  So 
Canace,  to  Macareus,  Heroid,  Ep. 
xi,  48.  '  Nescia  quae  faceret  sub- 
itos  mihi  causa  dolores,  Et  rudis 
ad  partus,  et  nova  miles  eram.' 
Militia,  translate,  est  quodcunque 
laboriosum  munus  ;  Forcel.  So 
Propertius,  Ekg.  i.  6,  29.  '  Non 
ego  sum  laudi,  non  natus  idoneus 
armis :  Hanc  me  militiam  {sc. 
amoris)  fata  subire  volunt.'  See 
also  Fast.  ii.  9. 

243.  Adde.  The  poet  assigns  a 
fourth  reason.  Excubias.  Watches 
were  set  upon  the  Esquiline  hill, 
by  Romulus,  either  during  the 
war  with  the  Sabines,  or  in  con- 
sequence of  his  mistrusting  Titus 
Tatius,  which  is  alluded  to  by  Li  v. 
*  Eam  rem,  (sc.  Tatii  cadem)  mi- 
nus segre,  quam  dignum  erat,  tu- 
lisse  Romulum  ferunt:  seu  ob 
infidam  societatem  {quia  plerum- 
que  socio  regni  parumfidendnm  est. 
Walker.)  regni,  seu  quia  baud  in- 
juria cajsum  credebat.'  i.  14.  From 
these  excubia:,  the  hiil  is  said  to 
have  been  called  Exquilia ;  others 
say  from  exculta,  because  of  its 
having  been  added  to  the  city,  and 
cultivated  by  Servius  TuUius,  who 
dwelt  there.  Varro  approves  of 
the  latter  etymology,  and  states 


as  a  reason  for  ExquilijB  being 
plural,  that  it  consisted  of  two 
iiills,  one  of  which,  he  says,  was 
called  Mons  Cispius,  the  other, 
Mons  Oppius;  de  L.  L.  i.  8. 
It  is  more  correctly  written  Exq. 
than  Esq.  however,  they  are  used 
indifferently. 

245.  A  nuribus.  On  the  kalends 
of  March  a  temple  was  consecrat- 
ed by  the  matrons  to  Juno  Luci- 
na ;  another  reason  for  the  cele- 
bration of  the  Matronalia  upon 
this  day. 

247.  Quid  moror.  The  poet 
assigns  the  fifth  and  last  cause. 

249.  Mater.  Juno,  tlie  mother 
of  Mars.  Amat  nuptas.  Because 
she  presides  over  wedlock  and 
childbirth.  Matris  vie  turba  freq. 
The  train  of  his  mother's  wor- 
shippers paid  him  respect  for  her  ] 
sake.   Frequentant,  sc.  celebrant. 

250.  Tarn  pia  causa.  That 
through  gratitude  to  the  mother, 
they  should  do  honour  to  the  sou. 

251.  Dece.  Juno.  Florentibus 
herbis.  Florent.  oris.  Heins. 

253.  Lucina.  Juno,  so  called, 
because  she  aids  in  bringing  tlie 
offspring  to  light,  in  lucem.  Donat. 
ad  Terent.  Andr.  3.  2.  15.  This 
title  is  also  given  to  her,  as  Juno 
is  frequently  made  to  signify  the 
air,  through  which  light  is  diffused. 


KAL.  MART. 


133 


Si  qua  tamen  gravida  est,  resoluto  crine  precetur, 
Ut  solvat  partus  molliter  ilia  suos. 

ANCILIOBUM  FESTUM. 

Quis  mihi  nunc  dicat,  quare  ccelestia  Martis 
Arma  ferant  Salii,  Mamuriumque  canant  ? 


255 


255.  Resoluto  crine.  With  un- 
braided  hair ;  emblematic  of  a 
suppliant. 

257.  Quis  mihi  nunc  dicat.  The 
poet  having  concluded  his  collo- 
quy with  Mars,  proceeds  to  the 
discussion  of  the  Salii,  &c.  in 
which  he  prays  the  assistance  of 
Egeria. 

258.  Arma  ferant  Salii.  By  the 
ccelestia  arma  is  to  be  understood 
the  ancile,  the  shield  which  fell 
from  heaven  upon  the  occasion 
stated  in  the  text,  infr.  371.  Up- 
on the  preservation  of  this  shield 
the  security  of  the  city  was  de- 
clared by  an  oracle  to  depend,  and 
Numa  in  consequence,  directed 
eleven  to  be  made,  of  an  exactly 
similar  form,  in  order  to  ensure 
its  safety  ;  the  genuine  one  being 
confounded  with  the  rest.  They 
were  fashioned  by  Maraurius  Ve- 
turius,  an  artificer,  who  asked  as 
his  reward  that  his  name  might 
be  inserted  in  the  Carmen  Sali- 
are,  and  chanted  by  the  Salii, 
when  they  carried  the  shields 
round  the  city  ;  whence  Mamu- 
riumque canant,  see  infr.  387. 
The   ancile,    called    by  Plutarch, 

a.yx.u\io)i,  from  ayy.vXo;,  CurVUS,  was 

a  small  oblong  shield,  rounded  at 
either  end,  with  the  sides  concave, 
i.e.  narrowing  towards  the  centre ; 
hence  infr.  376.  '  Quaque  notes 
oculis,  angulus  omnis  abest;'  it 
was  indented  or  notched,  round 
the  edge,  like  the  peltce  of  the 
Thracians,  '  ab  omni  parte  reci- 
sum,'  infr.  375,  and  so  derived 
from  am  sc.  circa,  and  casum. 
Others  explain  the  '  omni  parte 


recisum,'  to  mean  a  circular  shield 
with  the  verge  all  round  equidis- 
tant from  the  centre ;  in  which 
sense  it  is  analogous  to  the  Hom- 
eric, aasrila.  zjavTrxri  'i(rr,v  ;  the  for- 
mer, however,  is  the  explanation 
of  Forcellinus,  which  is  further 
borne  out  by  Festus,  in  Mamvr. 
who  mentions  having  seen  a  me- 
dal of  Antoninus  Pius,  upon 
which  the  shield  was  stamped  as 
described  above.  Besides  the  an- 
cile, there  were  six  other  pledges, 
as  it  were,  for  the  stability  of  the 
Roman  empire,  which  were  most 
religiously  preserved ;  the  needle 
of  Cybele  ;  the  ashes  of  Orestes; 
the  sceptre  of  Priam ;  the  veil 
of  Iliona ;  the  Palladium ;  and 
the  four-horsed  chariot  modelled 
in  clay,  on  the  top  of  the  temple 
of  Jupiter  in  the  Capitol,  which 
the  Romans  had  engaged  an  artist 
at  Veii  to  construct,  and  were 
obliged  to  obtain  by  waging  war, 
because,  it  is  said,  the  work  in- 
creased to  such  a  size  during  the 
progress  of  its  being  baked  that 
it  could  not  be  removed.  This 
was  a  sufficient  omen  for  the  Ro- 
mans, who  were  sensitively  super- 
stitious upon  all  points  connected 
with  the  durability  of  their  em- 
pire, to  insist  upon  possessing  it. 
—  Salii.  Priests  of  M;irs, 
instituted  by  Numa,  to  guard  the 
sacred  shields,  so  called  a  Sali- 
endo,  infr.  387,  because  they 
danced  during  their  progress 
round  the  city,  wearing  the  shields 
suspended  from  their  necks.  Ac- 
cording to  Polemon,  they  derived 
their  name  from  Salius,  an  Ar- 


134 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  III. 


Nymplia,  mone,  nemori  stagnoque  operata  Dianae  : 

Nympha,  Numse  conjux,  ad  tua  festa  vcni. 
Vallis  Aricinae  silva  praecinctus  opaca 

Est  lacus,  antiqua  relijjione  sacer. 
Hie  latet  Hippolytus,  fuiiis  distractus  eqiiorum  : 

Unde  nemiis  nullis  illud  initur  equis. 
Licia  dependent,  longas  velantia  sepes, 

Et  posita  est  meritae  multa  tabella  deae : 

cadian  whom  .^neas  brouijflit  from 
Mantinea  into  Italy,  and  by  whom 
the  Italian  youths  were  taught  to 
dance  in  armour,  hiz^Xoi.  This 
ceremony  of  making  the  circuit 
of  the  city  with  the  shields  took 
place  every  year  in  the  month  of 
JMarch,  and  lasted  for  some  days, 
after  which  the  shields  were  de- 
posited in  the  temple  of  Mars, 
and  during  which  time  no  deliber- 
ations were  held,  or  any  steps 
taken  with  regard  to  war.   Forcel. 

259.  Nympha.  Etreria.  Nemori 
stagnoque  operata.  Ministering  to 
the  grove  and  lake  of  Diana. 
Operor,  to  be  employed  in  sacred 
rites,  to  sacrifice  ;  this  is  supposed 
to  be  the  primitive  signitication  of 
the  term.  Forcel. 

260.  Numce  conjux.  sc.  Arnica; 
it  is  used  in  the  same  sense  as  in 
the  following,  '  capta  cupidine 
conju.x — Fecit  avem  Circe.'  Virg. 
.^neid,  vii.  189,  where  Circe  is 
called  the  conjux  of  Picus.  Ad 
tua  festa.  To  the  festival  ordain- 
ed by  your  directions. 

261.  Vallis  Aricince,  &:c. '  There 
is  a  lake,  surrounded  by  the  shady 
grove  of  the  Arician  vale,  hal- 
lowed by  tiaditional  veneration.' 
This  vale  lay  to  the  left  of  the 
route  to  Aricia,  and  here,  by  the 
advice  of  the  oracle,  Orestes  con- 
secrated the  image  of  Diana  Tau- 
rica.    See  infr.  k.  269. 

263.  Hie  latet  Hippolytus.  He 
was  falsely  accused  by  his  step- 
mother Phaedra  to  Theseus,  of  a 
crime  to  which  she  had  endea- 
voured  unsuccessfully   to    tempt 


260 


265 


him,  and  fell  a  victim  to  his  fa- 
ther's imprecation  in  consequence ; 
Neptune  having  sent  a  monster 
from  the  sea,  which  terrified  his 
horses,  as  they  were  proceeding 
along  the  shore  of  the  Sinus  Sa- 
ronicus,  and  caused  them  to  de- 
stroy both  chariot  and  driver  by 
dashing  them  against  the  rocks. 
He  was  restored  to  life  by  jEs- 
culapius,  and  fled  to  Italy,  where 
he  assumed  the  name  Virbius,  qu. 
vir  bis,  and  was  concealed  by  Di- 
ana in  the  Arician  grove.  See 
Virg.  ^neid,  vii.  761. 

264.  Unde  nemus  nullis,  &;c. 
'  Unde  etiam  templo  Trivia;  lu- 
cisque  sacratis  Cornipedes  arcen- 
tur  equi ;  quod  litore  currum,  Et 
juvenem  mon^t^is  pavidi  efFudere 
marinis.'  Ibid. 

265.  Licia.  Threads,  by  which 
the  offerings  or  gifts  of  those 
who  had  succeeded  in  their  pray- 
ers, were  suspended.  Longas  ve- 
lantia sepes.  Covering  the  long 
hedges.  A  nearly  similar  custom 
prevails  at  present  in  many  parts 
of  this  country;  the  hedges  and 
bushes  in  the  vicinity  of  what  is 
supposed  to  be  a  holy  well,  are 
decorated  with  a  motley  assem- 
blage of  shreds  and  patches,  upon 
the  anniversary  of  its  patron 
saint,  by  the  grateful  objects  of 
its  supposed  miraculous  cures. 

266.  Tabella.  A  votive  tablet, 
containing  the  prayer  of  the  sup- 
pliant ;  an  acknowledgment  of 
his  obligations  for  its  success, 
or  a  painting  of  the  deity,  which 
was  hung  up  in  honour  of  whom- 


KAL.  MART. 


135 


Saepe  potens  voti,  frontem  redimita  coronis, 
Femina  lucentes  portat  ab  Urbe  faces. 

Regna  tenent  fortesque  manu,  pedibusque  fugaces  : 
Et  perit  exemplo  postmodo  quisque  suo. 

Defluit  incerto  lapidosus  murmure  rivus  : 


270 


soever  the  petition  was  addressed 
to.  ♦  NuncDea,  nuncsuccurre  mi- 
hi,  nam  posse  mederi,  Picta  docet 
templis  muita  tabella  tuis.'  Tibull. 
See  Horat.  Od.  i.  5,  13. 

267.  Potens  voti.  '  Having  ob- 
tained her  prayer.' 

268.  Femina  lucentes,  ^c.  So 
Statius,  in  Here.  Surrent.  in  al- 
lusion to  this  rite  :  '  Fumat  Ari- 
cinum  Trivise  nemus.'  Ab  urbe. 
sc.  Aricia. 


spare  one  of  them,  if  he  would 
convey  letters  from  her  to  Greece. 
A  contest  arose  between  the  de- 
voted fi-iends,  which  should  re- 
main and  be  sacrificed  ;  '  Ire  jubet 
Pylades  carum  moriturus  Ores- 
tem,  Hie  negat ;  inque  vicem 
pugnat  uterque  mori.'  Odd.  ex 
Pont.  iii.  el.  2.  Pylades  at  length 
yielded  to  the  importunities  of 
Orestes,  and  consented  to  carry 
the  letter,  which  he  found  to  be 


269.  Regna  tenent,  Sfc.  By  reg-     directed  to  Orestes  himself.    This 


na,  is  to  be  understood  the  priest- 
hood of  the  Arician  qrove,  which 
was  called  as  supr.  <  nemus  Dianse;' 
so  Strabo  v.  a  med.  To  V  'Aors- 
fiiiriov,  0  KccXoua-i  'Siino;.  The  deity 
herself  was  hence  called  Nemor- 
alis  or  Nemorensis,  and  her  mi- 
nistering priest,  Rex  Nemorensis. 
Runaway  slaves,  pedibus fugaces, 
Gr.  Sja^ETa/,  were  appointed  to 
this  office,  in  order  to  commemo- 
rate the  flight  of  Orestes  from 
the   Chersonesus    Taurica.      Ac- 


led  to  a  discovery,  which  termi- 
nated in  the  murder  of  Thoas, 
and  the  flight  of  Iphigenia  and 
her  brother,  bringing  with  them 
the  statue  of  Diana,  which,  ac- 
cording to  Ovid  and  others,  was 
placed  in  the  Nemus  Aricinum, 
where  her  worship  was  finally 
established. 

The  f\\r?^se fortesque  manu,  al- 
ludes to  the  circumstance  of  the 
priest  being  liable  to  be  murder- 
ed by  any  candidate  for  his  oSice, 


cording  to  Euripedes,  Orestes  who  happened  to  be  more  power- 
consulted  the  oracle  of  Apollo  at  ful  than  himself;  a  species  of 
Delphi,  how  he  might  escape  the  usurpation  commented  upon  se- 
Furies,  by  whom  he  was  perse-  verely  by  Strabo,  lib.  v.  and  others; 
cuted  for  the  murder  of  his  mo-  mentioned  by  Suetonius,  in  Calig. 
ther  Clytemnestra.  He  was  de-  35.  *  Nemorensi  regi  quod  multos 
sired  to  carry  away  the  statue  of  jam  annos  potiretur  sacerdotis, 
Diana  from  the  Cherson.  Taur.  validiorem  adversarium  suborna- 
of  which  Tlioas  was  then  king,  vit,'  whence  et  perit  exemplo,  &c. 
by  whose  order  all  strangers  were  271.  Defluit.  Flows  down  the 
immolated  at  the  altars  of  the  grove.  Incerto.  So  gentle  as  to  be 
goddess.      Orestes  and  his  friend  scarcely  distinguished,  or  to  leave 


Pylades,  who  accompanied  him 
on  this  dangerous  enterprize,were 
both  seized  and  condemned  to  be 
slain.  Iphigenia,  the  sister  of 
Orestes,  was  the  officiating  priest- 
ess of  Diana's  temple,  and  hear- 
ng  that  the  strangers  were  from 
ner  own  country,  she  offered  to 


the  hearer  in  doubt  whence  it 
came ;  or  it  may  be  used,  in  the 
sense  of  its  corresponding  term 
in  the  following : 

'  There  is  a  little  unpretending  ril 
Of  limpid   water,   humbler  far   tha 
aught 


136 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  III. 


Saepe,  sed  exiguis  haustibus,  inde  bibes. 
Egeria  est,  quae  praebet  aquas,  dea  grata  Camcenis. 

Ilia  Numa?  conjux  consiliumque  tuit. 
Principio  nimium  promptos  ad  bella  Quirites 

Molliri  placuit  jiu*e,  deiimque  metu. 
Inde  datae  lege.s,  ne  firmior  omnia  posset : 

Cceptaque  sunt  pure  tradita  sacra  coli. 
Exuitur  feritas,  armisque  potentius  aequum  est : 

Et  cum  cive  pudet  conseruisse  manus. 
Atque  aliquis,  mode  trux,  visa  jam  vertitur  ara ; 

Vinaque  dat  tepidis  salsaque  farra  focis. 


280 


That  ever  among  men  or  Naiads  sought 

Notice  or  name!— It  quivers  down  the 
hill 

Furrowing  its  shallow  way  with  dubious 

will.' 

Wordsworth. 

Lapidosus  rivus.  The  rocky 
stream,  called  by  Scalisjer,  'Ivriow, 
from  the  vicinity  ot  the  fountain 
Juturna. 

,  272.  Exiguis.  Because  of  its 
extreme  cold,  the  draughts  might 
be  frequent  but  not  long.  Bib:s. 
Bibunt.    Heins. 

273.  Egeria  est.  Supposed  by 
some  to  be  synonymous  with  Ju- 
turna. Camaenis.  So  Livy  ;  *  liU- 
cus  erat  queni  medium  ex  opaco 
specu  fons  perenni  rigabat  aqua. 
Quo  quia  perssepe  Numa  sine 
arbitris,  velutad  con<rressum  Deae, 
sese  inferebat,  Carafsnis  eum  lu- 
cum  sacravit,  quod  Dearum  sibi 
cousilia  cum  conjuge  sua  Egeria 
essent.'  Camcenee  was  formerly 
written  casmence  or  cnrmencs,  a 
canendo  or  a  carmine,  Varr.  L.L. 
vi.  .3. 

274.' Consilium.  For  Consilia- 
trix.  The  counsellor  or  adviser; 
so  servitiiim  is  used  for  servus,  and 
scelus  for  scelestus,  &c. 

275.  Principio,  Sec.  Compare 
Liv.  i,  19. 

277.  iVe  firmior  omnia  posset. 
That  the  stronger  might  not  ob- 
tain   the    supreme    power ;     all 


right  being  prescribed,  and  wrongs 
redressed  by  law.'  '  Jura  invent» 
metu  injusti  fateare  necesse  est.' 
&c.  Hor.  Sat.  i.  3,  111. 

280.  Et  cum  cive,  ^c.  There 
was  an  end  to  civil  strife. 

281.  Trux.  From  atrox  by 
aphaeresis ;  fierce,  stern.  Visa 
jam  vertitur  ara.  Is  changed  or 
reformed  at  the  sight  of  the  altar. 

Vertitur  may  refer  here  to  the 
custom  of  suppliants,  who  with 
their  right  hand  on  their  lips, 
(adorantes,  either,  kissing  hands, 
ad  ora  dextram  ferentes,  whence 
Sueton.  in  Neron.  '  Nee  deerat 
Otho  prsetendens  manus,  adorare 
vulgus,  jacere  oscula,'  or  kissing 
the  statues  of  the  deities,  ad  ora 
Dear,  uscula,  Gr.  Xafioara,  Jeren- 
<es)  turned  to  the  right  to  pray;  so 
Plant,  iii  Curcul.  I.  1.  70.  •  Pk. 
Quo  me  vortam  nescio.  Pa.  Si 
Deos  salutas  destroversum  cen- 
seo;'  and  Livy,  in  allusion  to  the 
same  ceremony, '  Con  vertentem  se 
inter  banc  venerationem,  traditur 
memorise  prolapsum  cecidisse.' 
v.  21,  sub.  fin.  Plutarch,  in  re- 
ference to  the  same  event  des- 
cribed by  the  Roman  historian, 
says,  that  '  Camillus  having  ad- 
dressed a  prayer  to  Jupiter,  and 
turned  about,  (as  the  custom  of 
the  Romans  is  to  turn  to  tlie  right 
when  they  worship  or  pray)  then 
fell  down.'  Hence  vertitur,  may 
mean,  '  is  turned ;'   in    order   to 


KAL.  MART. 


137 


Ecce  deiim  genitor  rutilas  per  nubila  flartimas 

Spargit,  et  effiisis  a^thera  siccat  aquis. 
Non  alias  missi  cecidere  frequentius  ignes.  285 

Rex  pavet,  et  vulgi  peciora  terror  habet. 
Cui  dea,  Ne  nimium  terrere ;  piabile  fulmen 

Est,  ait,  et  saevi  flectitur  ira  Jovis. 
Sed  poterunt  ritum  Picus  Faunvisque  piandi 

Prodere,  Romani  numen  uterque  soli.  290 

Nee  sine  vi  tradent ;  adhibeto  vincula  captis. 

Atque  ita,  qua  possint,  erudit,  arte  capi. 
Lucus  Aventino  suberat  niger  ilicis  umbra, 

Quo  posses  viso  dicere,  Numen  inest. 
In  medio  gramen,  muscoque  adoperta  virenti  295 


assume  the  attitude  required   in 
supplication. 

283.  Ecce  Deum.  The  poet  pro- 
ceeds to  describe  the  origin  of 
the  descent  of  tlie  Ancile. 

284.  Effusis,^c.  Exhausts  the 
air  of  tlie  outpoured  showers. 

287.  Dea.  E^eria.  Piabile  ful- 
men. The  liffhtning  admitted  of 
expiation.  Fulmen.  irom  fulgere. 

289.  Picus  Faunusque.  See 
supr.  N.  35. 

290.  Romani  numen  uterque  soli. 
Both  Dii  Indigetes. 

291.  I^ec  sine  vi  tradent.  Com- 
pare Fast.  i.  367,  et  seq.  Virgil. 
Georg.  iv.  and  Horn.  Odyss.  iv. 
where  Menelaus  is  described  as 
consulting  Proteus  by  the  advice 
and  assistance  of  his  daughter 
Eidothea.  Adhihe  sua  vincula  cap- 
tis. Heins.  as  Art.  Amat.  iii. 
'  Arida  nee  vinclis  crura  resolve 
suis.' 

293.  Aventino.  One  of  the  se- 
ven hills  upon  which  Rome  was 
built.  It  was  so  called  from  the 
hirds,  ah  avibiis,  which  used  to 
retire  there  from  the  Tiber,  or 
from  Aventinus,  son  of  Romulus 
Silvius,  and  king  of  the  Albans, 
who  was  buried  there,  or  ah  ad- 
ventu,  because  the  Latins  resorted 
in  common  to  a  temple  huiltupon 
it  in  honour  of  Diana.  Varro,  L. 
L.  iv.  7,  approves  of  a  nearly  simi- 


lar etymology,  hut  on  different 
grounds.  He  describes  this  hill 
as  having  been  originally  separat- 
ed from  the  rest  hy  marshes,  over 
which  the  Romans  were  conveyed, 
advehebantur,  on  rafts,  paying  one 
farthing  each  for  the  passage,  ad- 
vectus.  However  he  is  quoted,  de 
vita  pop.  Rom.  hy  Servius,  in 
^neid,  vii.  657,  '  Pulcher  Aven- 
tinus,' &c.  as  saying,  that  upon 
the  admission  of  the  Sabines  in- 
to the  city,  the  Mons  Aventinus 
was  allotted  to  them  by  Romulus, 
which  they  so  called  after  a  river 
of  their  own  country,  Avens. 
This  river  is  not  mentioned  by 
any  other  author  :  Livy,  Diony- 
sius,  P'estus,  and  Victor,  agree 
that  the  hill  took  its  name  from 
the  king  of  the  Albans,  already 
mentioned. 

Adjacent  to  this  hill  was  a 
dark  grove  of  holm-oak,  lucus 
suberat  niger,  &c.  which  from  its 
appearance  might  be  supposed 
the  dwelling  of  a  god,  quo  posses 
viso,  &c. 

295.  In  medio  gramen,  musco- 
que adoperta,  Sfc. 

'The  mosses  of  thy  fountain   still  are 
sprinkled 
With  thine  Elysian  water-drops;   the 
face 
Of  thy  cave-guarded  spring,  with  years 
unwrinkled, 

N  2 


138 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  III. 


Manabat  saxo  vena  perennis  aquae. 
Inde  fere  soli  Fauniis  Picusque  bibebant. 

Hue  venit,  et  fonti  rex  Numa  mactat  avem. 
Plenaque  odorati  disponit  pocula  Bacchi  ; 

Cumque  suis  antro  conditus  ipse  latet.  300 

Ad  solitos  veniunt  silvestria  numina  fontes : 

Et  relevant  multo  pectora  sicca  mero. 
Vina  quies  sequitur  :  g^elido  Numa  prodit  ab  antro, 

Vinclaque  sopitas  addit  in  arta  manus. 
Somnus  ut  abscessit,  tentando  vincula  pugnant  305 

Rumpere  ;  pugnantes  fortius  ilia  tenent. 
Turn  Numa,  Di  nemorum,  factis  ignoscite  nostris, 

Si  scelus  ingenio  scitis  abesse  meo. 
Quoque  modo  po?sit  fulmen,  monstrate,  piari. 

Sic  Numa.     Sic  quatiens  cornua  Faunus  ait :  310 

Magna  petis,  nee  quae  monitu  tibi  discere  nostro 

Fas  sit ;  habent  fines  numina  nostra  suos. 


Reflects  the  meek-eyed  genius  of  the 
place, 
"Whose  green  wild  margin  now  no  more 
erase 
Art's   works ;    nor  must  the  delicate 
waters  sleep. 
Prison 'd  in  marble;  bubbling  from  the 
base 
Of  the  cleft  statues,  with  a  gentle  leap 
The  rill  runs  o'er,  and  round  fern,  flow- 
ers, and  ivy  creep. 

Byron. 

296.  Vena  perennis  aqu(E.  'Eu^ov 
aivvaov  x.pa,vav  vvo  Xifftraot  'Virpvi, 
't'ia.ri  -zsrizirXn^uiav  an'/i^iLTta.  TliCO- 
crit.  Idyll,  xxii.  37. 

297.  Inde  fere,  Sfc.  Faunus  and 
Picus  onl)',  were  in  the  habit  of 
drinking  at  this  fountain.  Ac- 
cording to  Plutarch,  Picus  and 
Faunus  traversed  Italy,  exhibit- 
ing extraordinary  ma!>-ical  feats, 
in  the  same  way  as  those  called 
by  the  Greeks  the  Dactyli  of 
Mount  Ida.  These  Dactyli  were 
the  same  as  the  Curetes,  to  whom 
Rhea  intrusted  the  guardianship 
of  Jupiter  while  an  infant.  They 
were  in  number,  five,  or  as  some 
say,  ten,  and  all  belonging  to  Ida 


in  Crete.  From  their  benevolence 
to  mankind,  they  were,  like  Picus 
and  Faunus,  considered  as  demi- 
gods. Even  their  name  was  re- 
garded as  an  infallible  preserva- 
tive in  time  of  danger.  There 
were  also  stones  called  Dactyli 
Idaji,  which  were  supposed  to  be 
endued  with  sovereign  virtues, 
and  were  frequently  wrought  into 
amulets,  which  were  worn  on  the 
thumbs. 

298.  Fonti.  In  honour  of  the 
fountain.  Numa  mactat  ovem. 
Compare  Virg.  ^neid,  vii.  8J. 
'  At  rex  sollicitus  monstris  ora- 
cula  Fauni,  Fatidici  genitoris, 
adit,  lucosque  sub  alta  Consulit 
Albunea,'  &c. 

299.  Odorati  pocula  Bacchi. 
Cups  of  fragrant  wine. 

300.  Cumque  snix.  With  his  at- 
tendants, in  number,  twelve.  Ar- 
noh.  Advers.  gent.  Conditus.  Lest 
his  snare  should  be  discovered. 

301.  Si/lvestria  numina.  Picus 
and  Faunus. 

304.   Addit.  sc.  immittit. 
310.  Quatiens  cornua.   Faunus 
was  horned  and  goat- footed. 
o\2.  Habent  fines,  8fc.     There 


KAL.  MART. 


139 


Di  sumus  agrestes,  et  qui  dotninemur  in  altis 

Montibus  ;  arbitriura  est  in  sua  tela  Jovi. 
Hunc  tu  non  poteris  per  te  deducere  ca;lo :  315 

At  poteris  nostra  forsitan  usus  ope. 
Dixerat  haec  Faunus  :  par  est  sententia  Pici. 

Deme  tamen  nobis  vincula,  Picus  ait. 
Jupiter  hue  veniet,  valida  deductus  ab  arte. 

Nubila  promis£i  Styx  mihi  testis  erit.  320 

Emissi  quid  agant  laqueis,  quae  carmina  dicant, 

Quaque  trahant  superis  sedibus  arte  Jovem, 
Scire  nefas  homini.     Nobis  concessa  canantur, 

Q,ua;que  pio  dici  vatis  ab  ore  licet. 
Eliciunt  coelo  te,  Jupiter,  unde  minores  3"i5 

Nunc  quoque  te  celebrant,  Eliciumque  vocant. 
Constat  Aventinae  «tremuisse  cacumina  silvse  : 

Terraque  subsedit  pondere  pressa  Jovis. 
Corda  micant  regis :  totoque  e  pectore  sanguis 


is  a  limit  to  the  exercise  of  our 
privileges  as  deities.  Numen,  sig- 
nifies properly  the  attributes  of 
the  Deus,  or  deity;  '  quo  numine 
laeso,  Quidve  dolens,  regina  deiun 
SiC.'Virg.^neid,  i.8,  and  Heyne's 
note  in  loc.  cit. 

313.  Etqui  doviinemvr.  Etqui 
dignemur.  Neapol, 

314.  Arbitrium  est,  Sfc.  Jove  has 
full  power  over  his  own  weapons. 
'  Kegum  timendorum  in  proprios 
greges,  Reges  in  ipsos  imperium 
est  Jovis.'   Horat.  Od.m.  1,  5,  6. 

313.  Deducere  coelo.  To  charm 
him  down  from  the  skies.  So 
Virgil.  Eclog.  vi.  71.  '  Cantando 
rigidas  deducere  montibus  ornos;' 
and  Plutarch,  in  describing  the 
scene  in  the  text,  KaTaynv  rov 
Ala-  Deduco  is  a  term  used  in  in- 
cantations ;  whence  '  carminibus 
deducere  Lunara,'  is  common 
with  the  Latins ;  y.ardyuv  rhv 
itiXyiv/iv  with  the  Greeks.  '  Quas 
sidera  excautata  voce  Thessala 
Lunamque  coelo  deripit.'  Horat. 
Epod.  d,  45. 

320.  Nubila  Styx.  The  gloomy 
Styx.  On  solemn  occasions  the 
gods  used  to  swear  by  this  river 


of  the  infernals,  and  to  violate 
the  oath  was  considered  an  un- 
pardonable perjury.  Abstinence 
from  nectar,  and  a  degradation 
from  the  dignity  of  a  deity  for  a 
hundred  years,  constituted  the 
penalty  for  such  an  offence.  '  Sty- 
giamque  paludem,  Dii  cujus  ju- 
rare  timent  et  fallere  numen,' 
Virg.  Mneid,  vi.  323. 

321.  Emissi  quid  agant,  Sj'c. 
What  they  do  when  delivered 
from  their  bonds,  what  spells 
they  utter,  and  by  what  device 
they  draw  down  Jove  from  his 
supreme  abode,  it  is  forbidden 
man  to  know. 

326.  Eliciumque.  Jupiter,  so 
called,  from  elicere,  as  supr.  Plu- 
tarch writes  Ilicius,  from  Gr. 
'Jktus,  propitious  ;  but  the  poet  is 
the  more  correct.  The  Greeks 
also  had  their  Aiee.  Kocrailiarnv,  sy- 
nonymous with  Elicius. 

327.  Cacumina.  Qu.  acumina, 
the  extreme  summits. 

328.  Subsedit.  Yielded  beneath 
thepressureof  Jove's  weight,  uporf 
his  descent.  Compare  Psalm  xviii. 
7-9. 

329.  Corda  micant  regis.    The 


HO 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  III. 


Fugit ;  et  hirsiitse  diriguere  comae.  330 

Ut  rediit  animus,  Da  certa  piamina,  dixit, 

Fulminis,  altorum  Rextjue  Paterque  deum ; 
Si  tua  contigimns  manibus  donaria  puris  ; 

Hoc  quoque,  quod  petitur,  si  pia  lingua  rogat. 
Annuit  oranti :  sed  verum  ambage  remota  335 

Abdidit,  et  dubio  terruit  ore  virum. 
Csede  caput,  dixit.     Cui  rex,  Parebimus,  inquit : 

Ca^denda  est  hortis  eruta  cepa  meis. 
Addidit  hie,  Hominis  :   Sununos,  ait  ille,  capillos. 

Postulat  hie  animam :  cui  Numa,  Piscis,  ait.  340 

Risit :  et,  His,  inquit,  f'acito  mea  tela  procures, 

O  vir  colloquio  non  abigende  meo. 
Sed  tibi,  protulerit  cum  totum  crastinus  orbem 


king's  heart  palpitates  with  fear. 
Totoq.  e  pectore sanguis.  So  Plaut. 
Mostell.  2,  2,  76.  '  Guttam  baud 
habeo  sanguinis,'  i.  e.  prae  nietu 
refugit  niihi  sanguis,  '  I  have  not, 
through  fear,  a  drop  of  blood  in 
ray  veins,'  Forcel.  Sa?iguis,  from 
Gr.  ffda  and  yuTov,  the  health  of 
the  body  depending  on  the  purity 
of  the  blood. 

•330.  HirsutcE  diriguere  comce, 
'  Steteruntque  comae.'  Virg. 

331.  Certa  piamina.  Distinct 
or  positive  expiations,  for  light- 
ning, i.  e.  to  prevent  it.  Infr.  N. 
341,  sub.  fin. 

333.  Ambage.  Abl.  fem.  sing. 
Ambages,  nom.  pi.  from  ainbto. 
Amh.  remota.  Without  preamble, 
as  appears  from  the  brevity  of  his 
directions,  infr.  Ccede  caput,  S(c. 
at  the  same  time  that  he  conceal- 
ed the  truth,  abdidit  verum,  to  try 
the  ingenuity  of  Numa.  Dubio 
ore.  By  his  equivocal  e.xpressions. 
Remota.  Remissa.  Stroz. 

337.  Ccede  caput.  Jove  desires 
him  to  cut  off  a  head,  an  opera- 
tion whicli  Numa  consents  to 
perform  on  an  onion,  cadenda  ce- 
pa, &c.  (caput  alii.  Pers.  5,  188.) 
.love  adds,  hominis,  sc.  caput, 
which  Numa  explains  by  summos 
capillos,  the  topmost  hairs ;  (^ca- 


put and  capilli  are  often  used  in- 
differently, '  comere  caput,'  Sue- 
ton,  in  Aug.  c.  79.)  Jove  then 
demands  a  life,  animam,  to  which 
Numa  replies,  'of  a  fish;'  a  pil- 
chard according  to  Plutarch. 
This  conference  is  eminently 
characteristic  of  Numa,  who  de- 
clined the  human  sacrifice,  appa- 
rently implied  in  the  ambiguous 
commands  of  Jove,  and  which 
would  not  have  been  unsuited  to 
the  barbarous  practice  and  spirit 
of  the  times. 

341.  His.  sc.  The  head  of  the 
onion,  &c.  Facito  mea  tela  procu- 
res. Observe  that  you  expiate  my 
weapons.  Procurare,  to  atone, 
e.xpiale,  prevent  or  avert  by  the 
offering  of  proper  sacrifices  ;  For- 
cel. '  Magna  vis  videtur  esse  in 
monstris  interpretandis  ac  procu- 
randis  in  haruspicum  disciplina  ;' 
Cic.  de  JJicin.  i.  2,  and,  ii.  G3, 
sub.  fin.  '  Procurare  et  expiare 
signa,  quae  a  diis  hominibus  por- 
tenduntur.' 

3i'2. Colloquio  nonabigcnde  meo. 
Not  to  be  repulsed  from  a  con- 
ference with  me.  Meo,  Deum.  A). 

343.  Sed  tibi.  But  when  to- 
morrow's sun  shall  have  revealed 
its  disc  complete,  I  shall  present 
you  with  a  positive  pledge  of  em- 


KAL.  MART. 


141 


Cynthius,  imperii  pignora  certa  dabo. 
Dixit,  et  ingenti  tonitru  super  aethera  motum  345 

Fertur,  adorantem  destituitque  Nuraam. 
Ille  redit  laetus,  memoratque  Quiritibus  acta. 

Tarda  venit  dictis  difficilisque  fides. 
At  certe  credemur,  ait,  si  verba  seqviatur 

Exitus.     En  audi  crastina,  quisquis  ades.  350 

Protulerit  terris  cum  totum  Cynthius  orbem, 

Jupiter  imperii  pignora  certa  dabit. 
Discedunt  dubii,  promissaque  tarda  videntur : 

Dependetque  fides  a  veniente  die. 
Mollis  erat  tellus,  rorataque  mane  pruina ;  355 

Ante  sui  populus  limina  regis  adest. 
Prodit,  et  in  solio  medius  consedit  acerno. 

Innumeri  circa  stantque  silentque  viri. 
Ortus  erat  summo  tantummodo  margine  Phoebus  : 

SolIicita2  luentes  speque  metuque  pavent.  360 

Constitit,  atque  caput  niveo  velatus  amictu 


pire.  Cynthius.  Apollo,  so  called 
from  Cynthus,  a  mountain  in  De- 
los.  Pignora  certa.  The  ancile, 
or  sacred  shield. 

345.  Dixit,  et,  ^-c.  He  spoke, 
and  with  loud  thunderings  is  borne 
above  the  trembling-  firmament, 
and  leaves  Numa  in  the  attitude 
of  worship. 

348.  Tarda  difficilisque  fides. 
Credit,  slow  in  coming,  and  ob- 
tained with  difficulty. 

349.  Si  verba  sequatur  exitus. 
Should  the  result  correspond 
with  the  prediction. 

350.  Crastina.  sc.  What  shall 
take  place  to-morrow.  Crastine, 
Heins.for  qvisquiscrastinus  aderis. 

353.  Dubii.  Hesitating.  Tarda. 
Because  their  belief  in  what  he 
had  stated,  fides,  depends  on  the 
day  yet  to  come,  dependet  a  veni- 
ente die.   Adveniente  die.   Al. 

355.  Mollis  erat,  Sfc.  The  earth 
was  soft,  and  sprinkled  with  the 
morning  rime. 

357.  Solio  acerno.  On  a  throne 
of  maple  wood.  For  light  and 
elegant  workmanship  the  maple- 


tree,  acer,  held  the  next  place  to 
the  cedar  in  the  estimation  of  the 
ancients.  There  were  several  spe- 
cies of  it,  crispum,  crassivenium, 
campesire,&c.  Plin.x\i.  15.  From 
its  extreme  hardness,  and  the 
closeness  of  its  grain,  it  was  in 
frequent  use  for  tablets  also ; 
'  Veneri  fidas  sibi  Naso  ministros 
Dedicat :  at  nuper  vile  fuistis 
acer. '  Ovid.  Amor.  i.  Eleg.  1 ) . 
sub.  fin. 

359.  Ortus  erat.  The  sun  had 
merely  risen  with  its  extreme 
verge. 

S61.  Niveo  amictu.  Having  his 
head  covered  with  a  snow-white 
veil,  in  order  that  nothing  inaus- 
picious might  meet  his  eyes,  and 
interrupt  his  prayers.  So  \^irgil, 
'  Purpureo  velare  comas  adoper- 
tus  amictu,  Ne  qua  inter  sanctos 
ignes,  in  honore  Deorum,  Hos- 
tilis  facies  occurrat,  et  omnia  tur- 
bet.*  ^neid,ui.  By  some,  amic- 
tus  is  supposed  to  have  been  the 
cap  which  was  tied  under  tl>e 
chin;  peculiar  to  the  priests ;  see 
infr.  N.  395,  sub.  fin. 


142 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  III. 


Jam  bene  dis  notas  siistulit  ille  manus. 
Atque  ita,  Tempiis  adest  promissi  muneris,  inquit. 

Pollicitam  dictis,  Jupiter,  adde  fidem. 
Diim  loquitur,  totum  jam  sol  emerserat  orbem  : 

Et  gravis  atherio  venit  ab  axe  fragor. 
Ter  tonuit  sine  nube  deus,  tria  fulgura  misit. 


365 


3Q2.  Bene  (lis  notas  manus.  His 
hands,  well  known  to  the  gods  ; 
from  their  havine^  been  so  often 
raised  in  supplication. 

365.  Totum  emerserat  orbem. 
Had  raised  its  entire  disc.  JEmer- 
go,  is  generally  used  in  a  neuter 
•sense,  but  here  in  active ;  see 
also,  infr.  513. 

366.  JEt  gravis.  En  gravis. 
Heins. 

367.  Ter  tonuit  sine  nube  Deus. 
Thunder  in  a  clear  sky  was  look- 
ed upon  as  an  extraordinary  pro- 
digy, from  the  days  of  Homer. 
Its  effect  upoa  Horace  was  such 
as  to  make  him  abjure  so  mucli  of 
his  Epicureanism  as  consisted  in 
a  disbelief  in  the  providence,  at 
least,  if  not  in  the  existence  of  the 
gods  ;  '  Parcus  deorum  cultor  et 
infrequens,  Insanientis  dum  sa- 
pientise  Consultus  erro,  nunc  re- 
trorsura  Vela  dare,  atque  iterare 
cursus  Ccgor  relictos:  namque 
Diespiter,  Igni  corusco  nubila 
dividens  Plenumque,  per  purum 
tonates  Egit  equos  volucremque 
ourrum ;  Quo  bruta  tellus,'  &c. 
Od.  i.  34,  1,  et  seq.  The  Epicu- 
rean doctrine,  with  regard  to  thun- 
der, may  be  deduced  from  the 
following  lines  of  Lucretius ; 
'  Fulmina  gignier  e  crassis,  alte- 
que  putandum  est  Nubibus  ex- 
structis  :  nam  ccelo  nulla  sereno, 
nee  leviter  densis  mittuntur  nu- 
bibus unquam.'  vi.  •245.  So  in 
the  '  Nubes'  of  Aristoplianes,  So- 
crates is  made  to  disprove  the 
existence  of  Jupiter,  because  there 
never  was  rsiin  without  clouds. 


STPE"*'.  'O  Ziu?  S'  11/trv,  (p'l^i,   cTfos- 

SfiK.  Xloiof  Zsus" ;    ou  (t-n  y.r,i>r,a'.i<i  % 

oiS'  'iart  Zsuy. 
2TPE*'.  T/  Asyi/r  au  ; 

aXXa.  T/V  uii  ;    Tovri    yao    Sf^oty 
u'jrotp'/ivcii  Touro)!  a.'Xa.vTut. 
2nK.  Aura/  S»)   •r«w,  ^.lyaXtn^  os  <r' 
lyu  er,ft.itoit  auTo  dwa^u. 
(pipi,  "XoZ  ya.0  <iroi'7ro'T   ufiv  'StipiXuf 

Kairoi  ;v;«^v  aiV^/as"  viT»  at/rov,  rctu- 
To.^  S'  avohrifJiU'». 
2TPE'*'.    vy\   tIv  h'x'oXXu,  rroZro   y'l 

Toi  tZ  vwvl  Xoy!ti  III  'jTooai^vaat- 
Streps.  Hold!  Olympian  Jupiter— Is  he 

no  god? 
Socr.  ^\^]at  Jupiter .'  \\Tiatgod» 
Prythee  no    morfr— away  with  him  at 
once ! 
Streps.  Say'st  thou  ?   who  gives  us  rain  ? 

answer  me  that. 
Socr.  These  (sc.  the  clouds)  give  us  rain ; 

as  I  will  straight  demonstrate : 
Come  on  now — when  did  you  e'er  see  it 

rain 
Without  a  cloud .'  If  Jupiter  gives  rain 
Let  him  rain  down  his  favours  in  the 

sunshine. 
Nor  ask  the  clouds  to  help  him. 
Streps.  You  have  hit  it, 
'Tis  so ;  heaven  help  me,  &e. 

MlTCnELL. 

It  may  not  he  amiss  to  men- 
tion here  what  deities  were  ac- 
knowledged by  the  Aristophanic 
Socrates ; 

2nKP.    WXX'   on    S5t   «u    *a//.ii7; 
))§£  hov  ouSma  wX>;v  eizTS^  *i/iii;, 
To    X.\OS    ray-/,    xai    tu;    NE*E- 


KAL.  MART. 


143 


Credlte  dicenti ;  mira,  sed  acta,  loquor. 
A  media  coelum  regione  dehiscere  coepit : 

Submisere  oculos  cum  duce  turba  suos. 
Ecce  levi  scutum  versatum  leniter  aura 

Decidit.     A  populo  clamor  ad  astra  venit. 
ToUit  humo  munus  caesa  prius  ille  juvenca, 

Qua;  dederat  nulli  colla  premenda  jugo. 
Idque  ancile  vocat.  quod  ab  omni  parte  recisum  est, 

Quaque  notes  oculis,  angulus  omnis  abest. 
Tum,  memor  imperii  sortem  consistere  in  illo, 

Consilium  multae  calliditatis  init. 
Plura  jubet  fieri  simili  ca;lata  figura. 

Error  ut  ante  oculos  insidiantis  eat. 
Mamurius,  morum  fabraeve  exactior  artis. 

Difficile  est,  illud,  dicere,  clausit  opus. 
Cui  Numa  munificus,  Facti  pete  praemia,  dixit : 

Si  mea  nota  fides,  irrita  nulla  petes. 
Jam  dederat  Saliis,  a  saltu  nomina  ducunt, 

Armaque,  et  ad  certos  verba  canenda  modos. 


370 


380 


385 


AA2    Kai      rjjv     TAnTTAN,      r^m 


Socr.    Tis  well,  so  you  will  ratify  your 

faith 
In  these  our  deities — chaos  and  clouds 
And   SPEECH— to  these   and  only  these 
adhere. 

Id. 

368.  Mira,  sed  acta,  loquor.  I 
speak  wonders,  but  realities. 

369.  A  media,  SfC.  So  Turnus  ; 
♦  Video  medium  discedere  coe- 
lum.' Virg.  jEiieid,  ix.  20.  'As 
if  day  had  cloven  the  skies.' — 
Shelley. 

371.  Versatum  letiiter.  Poised 
gently  on  the  delicate  breeze, 
descends. 

375.  Idque  ancile  vocat,  §-c.  See 
supr.  N.  258. 

377.  Imperii  sortem.  That  the 
fate  of  the  empire  was  identified 
with  this,  or  involved  in  it. 

.379.  Plura.  Sc.  eleven  more. 
Ca.ata.  Wrought  in  a  similar 
fasnion. 

380.  Error  ut,  ^'c.     That  de- 


ception might  meet,  or  mislead, 
the  eyes  of  the  plotting, 

381.  Mamurius,  ^c.  Mamuri- 
us, it  is  hard  to  say  whether  move 
distinguished,  exactior,  for  his  in- 
tegrity, 7norum,  or  skill  in  his 
craft,  fabrcEve  artis,  accomplished 
that  task.  These  eleven  shields 
were  said  to  have  resembled  the 
original  so  strongly,  that  Numa 
could  not  perceive  the  difference. 

385.  Saliis.  See  supr.  n,  258. 
sub.  fin.  Besides  the  derivations 
already  given,  Plutarch  mentions 
as  probable,  ayicav,  cubitus,  ax'i<ri;, 
remedium,  &c. 

386.  Armaque.  According  to 
Dionysius  and  Plutarch,  the  Salii 
were  habited  in  a  purple  vest, 
with  a  broad  belt  of  brass  ;  on 
their  heads  they  wore  a  brazen 
helmet,  and  carried  short  swords 
in  their  hands  which  they  struck 
upon  the  shields,  keeping  time  to 
the  dancing  and  singing.  Ad  cer- 
tos, ^c.  sc.  the  Carmen  Saliare ; 
mentioned  by  Horace ;  '  Jam  Sa- 
liare   Numse   carmen   qui   laudat 


144 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  III. 


Turn  sic  Mamurius,  Merces  mihi  gloria  detur, 

Nominaque  extremo  carmine  nostra  sonent. 
Inde  sacerdotes  operi  promissa  vetusto 

Praemia  persolvunt,  Mamuriumque  vocant.  390 

Nubere  si  qua  voles,  quamvis  properabitis  arabo, 

Differ  :  habent  parvse  commoda  magna  morse. 
Arma  movent  pugnam,  pugna  est  aliena  maritis. 

Condita  cum  fuerint,  aptius  omen  erit. 
His  etiam  conjux  apicati  cincta  Dialis  395 

Lucibus  irapexas  debet  habere  comas. 


et  illud.  Quod  mecum  i^orat, 
solus  vult  scire  videri,'  &c.  and 
Quinctiliaa  i.  6,  40,  '  Saliorum 
carniina  vix  sacerdotibus  suis  satis 
intellecta.' 

388.  Nominaque.  According  to 
Tacitus,  this  compliment  of  hav- 
ing his  name  inserted  in  the  Car- 
men Saliare,  was  decreed  to  Ger- 
manicus,  among  other  tokens  of 
respect,  after  his  decease. 

390.  Mamuriumque  vocant.  By 
many  this  account  is  supposed 
to  be  fabulous  ;  M.  Varro  would 
have  Veturius  Mamurius  to  sig- 
nify, merely,  Vetus  memoria. 

394.  Condita  cum  fuerint.  After 
the  shields  have  been  laid  up  iu 
the  temple  of  Mars. 

895.IIis — lucibus.  During  these 
days  ;  according  to  Festus  thirty, 
others  sav  but  three.  Conjux  api- 
cati cincta  Dialis.  The  girded  wife 
of  the  mitred  priest  of  Jove,  the 
Flamen.  Dial.  The  opcr,  whence 
apicatus,  was  properly  a  small 
woollea  tuft,  or  tassel,  which  the 
Flamen,  or  high  priest  wore  on 
the  top  of  his  cap.  It  also  signi- 
fies a  small  rod,  generally  of  the 
olive  tree,  which  was  fi.\ed  in  the 
top  of  the  cap  and  wound  round 
■with  wool  tied  on  with  thread ; 
whence  it  is  derived,  Serv.  ad 
^neid,  x.  273,  from  apere,  an 
obsolete  verb,  signifying  to  bind  or 
tie  after  the  fashion  of  the  Fla- 


mines.  Hence  by  metonomy  apex 
is  used  to  imply  the  cap  itself, 
which  was  generally  made  of 
sheep-skin  with  the  wool  on,  and 
worn  by  the  Flamen  Dial,  when- 
ever he  appeared  in  public,  or  was 
engaged  in  sacrificing.  It  had 
ears,  called  offendices,  quia  in  men- 
tum  offendunt,  \.e.incidunt,  which, 
except  in  warm  weather,  were 
tied  under  the  chin.  According 
to  Scaliger  and  Servius,  however, 
the  inconvenience  arising  from 
heat  was  obviated  by  the  priest's 
wearing  a  smaller  species  of  cap, 
apicidum  or  filum,  and  carrying 
the  apex  or  mitre  in  his  hand; 
thus  complying  with  the  injunc- 
tions, which  he  was  bound  to 
obey ;  never  to  appear  in  public 
with  an  uncovered  head,  and  never 
without  the  mitre.  Cincta.  The 
wife  of  the  Flamen  Dial,  wore  a 
crimson  hood,  rica,  such  as  wo- 
men used  when  engaged  in  sacri- 
ficing, and  a  scarlet  robe,  venena- 
tum,  a  veneno  ;  '  Flaminica  Dialis 
venenalo  operitur,  et  in  rica  sur- 
culum  de  arbore  felici  habet.' 
MassuT.  Sabin.  apud  Gell.  x.  16, 
whence  cincta.  The  Regina,  or 
wife  of  the  Flamen  Dial,  wore 
also  at  the  sacrifices  a  kind  of 
crown,  a  bough  of  the  pomegra- 
nate, ptinicus  malus,  bent  into  a 
circle,  and  the  ends  tied  together 
with  white  thread. 


QUINT.  NON.  MART. 


145 


QUINT.  NON.  MART.  PISCIS  NOTIUS  OCCIDIT. 


Tertia  nox  emersa  suos  ubi  moverit  ignes ; 

Conditus  e  geminis  Piscibus  alter  erit. 
Nam  duo  sunt :  Austris  hie  est,  Aquilonibus  ille 

Proximus  ;  a  vento  nomen  uterque  tenet. 


400 


TERT.  NON.  MART,  OCCIDIT  ARCTOPHYLAX. 

Cum  croceis  rorare  genis  Tithonia  conjux 

Coeperit,  et  quintae  tempora  lucis  aget ; 
Sive  est  Arctophylax,  sive  est  piger  ille  Bootes, 

Mergetur,  visus  eftugietque  tuos. 


397.  Tertia  nox.  On  the  night 
of  the  V.  Non.  Mart.  March  3d. 
Suos  moverit  ignes.  Shall  have  set 
its  starry  fires  in  motion.  Emersa. 
Having  arisen.  Demissa.  AL  JDe 
mense.  Ursin.  Voss.  Arond.  Di- 
mensa.  Ambros. ;  however,  the 
reading  in  the  text  is  sufficiently 
borne  out  by  the  best  copies,  as 
also  by  the  frequent  use  of  the 
term  in  the  acceptation  above  ; 
Metam.  xv.  '  Cernis  et  emersas 
in  lucem  tendere  noctes.'  Stat. 
Theb.  i.  '  quern  sol  emersus  Eoo 
cardine,'  &c. 

398.  Conditus  alter,  so.  Notius 
sets  acronycally. 

399.  ^am  duo  sunt.  See  Fast. 
ii.  NS.  340 — 1.  Austris  hie  est. 
This  is  called  frequently  Notius 
Minor,  to  distinguish  it  from  the 
Notius  Major  or  Piscis  Major, 
a  constellation  which  is  also  in 
the  southern  region  of  the  hea- 
ven, supposed  to  be  that  to  which 
Virgil  alludes.  Georg.  iv.  234. 
'  Sidus  fugiens  ubi  piscis  aquosi,' 
&c.  and  which  is  said  to  be  the 
parent  of  the  Zodiacal  Pisces, 
having  been  raised  to  the  stars 
for  preserving  Isis.   Hygin. 

400.  A  vento.  See  NS.  as  above. 

401.  Croceis  genis.     The  poet 


imparts  to  the  cheeks  of  Aurora 
a  complexion  indicative  of  the 
mingled  hues  of  red  and  gold, 
which  pervade  the  sky  at  her 
rising.  Rorare.  To  shed  her 
dews.  Rutilare.  Zulich.  Mazar. 
Rutilare  comis.   Heins. 

402.  QuintcE  tempora  lucis.  On 
the  III.  Non.  Mart.  March  5th, 
Arctophylax,  or  Bootes,  sets  cos- 
mically.  See  Fast.  ii.  N.  153.  The 
greater  and  lesser  bear,  the  for- 
mer of  which  is  likewise  called 
Charles'  wain,  form  together  the 
sign  Arctos,  or  constellation  of 
the  Bear.  It  is  also  called  Cur- 
rus,  and  Plaustrura,  Gr.  &ftce.%ot, 
Iliad,  xviii.  487 ;  and  Septentri- 
ones,  either  because  the  seven 
stars  composing  it  are  so  placed 
as  to  form  a  triangle,  trigonum  ; 
or  from  trioiies,  a  rustic  term,  ac- 
cording to  Varro,  for  boves,  oxen ; 
qu.  terriones,  suited  for  ploughing 
and  cultivating  the  earth,  terra. 
From  this  latter  sense  Arctophy- 
lax may  be  called  Bootes,  from 
Gr.  Piovs,  as  appearing  to  tend  the 
team;  others  derive  the  name 
from  /juaw,  vocifero,  without  any 
very  obvious  reason. 

403.  Piger.  Because  of  his 
setting  tediously.   Hggin. 

O 


146 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  III. 


ORITUR  VINDEMITOR. 

At  non  efFugiet  Vindemitor.     Hoc  quoque  causatn        405 

Unde  trahat  sidus,  parva  referre  mora  est. 
Amjjelon  intonsum  Satyro  Nymphaque  creatum 

Fertur  in  Ismariis  Bacchus  amasse  jtigis. 
Tradidit  huic  vitem  pendentem  frondibus  ulmi, 

Quae  nunc  de  pueri  nomine  nomen  habet.  410 

Dam  legit  in  ramo  pictas  temerarius  uvas, 

Decidit :  amissum  Liber  in  astra  vehit. 


PRID.  NON.  MART.  FESTUM  VEST.^. 

Sextus  ubi  Oceano  clivosum  scandit  Olympum 
Phoebus,  et  alatis  aethera  carpit  equis ; 

Q-uisquis  ades,  canaeque  colis  penetralia  Vestae, 
Cratera  Iliacis  turaque  pone  focis. 

Caesaris  innumeris.  quem  maluit  ille  mereri, 


415 


405.  Vindemitor.  The  constel- 
lation of  the  vintager,  near  the 
right  shoulder  of  Virgo.  By  at 
non  effugiet,  reference  is  made  to 
the  setting  of  Bootes  in  the  pre- 
ceding line ;  and  it  is  to  be  noted 
that  this  sign  rises  acronycally 
oa  the  in.  Non.  Mart.  In  this  the 
poet  differs  from  Columella,  who, 
xi.  3,  sect.  58,  says  it  rises  on  tlie 
vii.  or  vr.  Kal.  Sept.  and  Pliny 
on  the  XI.  Kal.  Sept.  The  name 
was  bestowed  on  Ampelus,  as 
presiding  over  the  vintage  season. 
Hoc  quoque  causam.  It  is  but  a 
trifling  delay  to  relate  whence  this 
constellation  derives  its  origin. 

407.  Ampelou.  Gr.  "Afi^riXo;, 
from  ccva,  and  TsriXo;,  Ion.  for  a'ri;, 
vinum.  Intonsum.  The  long  haired 
Ampelus. 

408.  Ismariis  jugis.  Ismarus 
was  a  mountain  in  Thrace,  near 
the  river  Hebrus. 

409.  Tradidit  huic,  SfC.  This 
couplet  is  suspected  by  Heinsius. 
QucE  nunc,  Sfc,  Called" Afizft>.es, 
de  pueri  nomine. 

411.    Dum  legit,  ^c.     While 


heedlessly  he  gathers  on  a  bougli 
the  blushing  grapes. 

412.  Vehit.  So  of  Ariadne ; 
'  Tigribus  in  coelum  vecta  Ariad- 
na  tuis?  Propert. 

413.  Sextus — Pkcebus.  Prid. 
Non.  Mart.  March  6th.  Oceano. 
Leaving  the  ocean.  Alatis  eq. 
Elatis  eq.  sc.  e  mari.  Ambros. 
Maz.  Zulich.  ^thera  carpit. 
Climbs  the  sky. 

415.  Quisquis  ades.  The  poet 
addresses  the  worshippers  of 
Vesta. 

416.  Cratera.  Fur  libations. 
So  Horace ;  '  Verbenas,  pueri, 
ponite,  thuraque  bimi  cum  patera 
meri.'   Od.  i.  19,  14. 

417.  In7iumeris — titulis.  It  will 
appear  from  what  has  been  already 
stated  on  this  subject,  that  the 
term  innumeris  is  scarcely  an  ex- 
aggeration. The  Roman  senate 
exhausted  their  ingenuity  in  sea- 
soning their  adulation.  Quem 
maluit  ille  mereri.  Of  this  dignity 
Augustus  was  most  ambitious, 
in  order  that  he  might  seem  to  be 
in  favour  with  the  gods. 


NON,  MART. 


147 


Accessit  titulis  pontificalis  honos. 
Ignibus  aeternis  aeterni  numina  praesunt 

Caesaris.     Imperii  pignora  juncta  vides. 
De  veteris  Trojae  dignissima  praeda  favilla, 

Qua  gravis  iEneas  tutus  ab  hoste  fuit ; 
Ortus  ab  vEnea  tangit  cognata  sacerdos 

Numina  ;  cognatum,  Vesta,  tuere  caput. 
Q.UOS  sancta  fovet  ille  manu,  bene  vivitis  ignes. 

Vivite  inexstincti,  flammaque,  Duxque,  precor. 


420 


425 


NON.   MART.  FESTUM  VEJOVIS. 
Una  nota  est  Martis  Nonis  :  sacrata  quod  illis 


418.  Pontificalis  honos.  Augus- 
tus was  appointed  Pontifex  Max- 
imu9,  Prid.  Non.  Mart.  u.  c.  740 
or  741,  in  the  room  of  Lepidus, 
deceased.  This  dignity  was  as- 
sumed by  all  the  succeeding  em- 
perors, until  the  time  of  Gratian, 
by  whom  it  was  refused,  and  also 
the  rites  of  Pagan  Rome  rejected. 
Zosim.  iv.  36.  The  Pontifices 
Max.  resided  always  in  a  house 
that  was  public  property ;  '  habi- 
tavit,  (sc.  Ccesar,)  in  Sacra  via, 
domo  publica,'  Suet.  Cces.  46, 
called  Regia,  Plin.  Ep.  iv.  11,  6, 
'  quod  in  ea  sacra  a  Rege  sacrifi- 
culo  erant  solita  usurpari.'  Festns, 
vel,  quod  in  ea  Rex.  sacrif.  habitare 
consuesset.'  Serv.  in  Virg.  j^neid, 
viii,  363.  So  when  Augustus  be- 
came Pontifex.  M.  he  resigned  a 
part  of  his  house  to  the  public, 
and  gave  the  Regia,  which  Dio 
calls  the  house  of  the  Rex  sacro- 
rum,  to  the  Vestal  Virgins,  to 
whose  residence  it  was  adjacent, 
Dio.  liv.  27  ;  whence  it  is  identi- 
fied by  some  with  the  Regia 
Numae,  the  palace  of  Nuraa, 
Ovid.  Fast.  iii.  1.  30;  (to  which 
Horace  alludes;  'Ire  dejectum 
monumenta regis  Templaque  Ves- 
tae,'  Od.  i.  2,  15;)  and  Augus- 
tus, Suet.  76;  said  subsequently 
to  have  been  occupied  by  the 
atria  of  Vesta ;  see  Fast.  vi.  247, 


called  Atrium  Regium,  Liv.  xxvi. 
27. 

419.  Ignibus,  Sfc.  '  The  divinity 
of  the  immortal  Caesar  presides 
over  the  everlasting  fires;  you 
behold  the  united  pledges  of  the 
empire's  safety.'  Pignora.  The 
fires  of  Vesta,  and  Augustus 
Pont.  Max. 

421.  Z)e  veteris,  Sfc. '  Most  wor- 
thy prize,  recovered  from  the  em- 
bers of  old  Troy,  with  which 
.^neas,  burdened,  was  protected 
from  his  foes;  a  priest,  sprung 
from  ^neas,  claims  an  alliance 
with  your  deity;  Vesta  defend 
your  kinsman's  head.'  Cognata 
numina.  Alluding  to  Augustus 
having  descended  from  .^neas  the 
son  of  Venus,  and  Vesta  being  the 
daughter  of  Saturn.  Ortus  ab 
JEnea.  Because  Augustus  was 
the  adopted  son  of  Julius  Caesar, 
and  the  Julian  family  boasted 
their  descent  from  lulus,  or  As- 
canius,  the  son  of  jEneas  by 
Creusa. 

425.  Quos  sancta,  ^c.  <  Your 
fires,  which  with  a  hallowed  hand 
he  tends,  are  thriving  well.'  Ille. 
As  Pontif.  Max. 

426.  Flammaque.  Vesta.  Dux- 
que.    Caesar. 

427.  Una  nota  est  Martis. 
'  Mars,  sc.  March,  has  one  dis- 
tinction, because  upon  the  actual 


148 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  III. 


Templa  piitant  lucos  Vejovis  ante  duos. 
Romulus  ut  saxo  locum  circumdedit  alto  ; 

Quilibet,  Hue,  inquit,  confuge,  tutus  eris.  430 

O  quam  de  tenui  Romanus  origine  crevit ! 

Turba  vetus  quam  non  invidiosa  fuit ! 
Ne  tamen  ignaro  novitas  tibi  nominis  obstet ; 

Disce,  quis  iste  detis,  curve  vocetur  ita. 
Jupiter  est  juvenis  :  juveniles  adspice  vultus.  435 

Adspice  deinde  manum  :  fulmina  nulla  tenet. 
Fulmina,  post  ausos  coelum  afFectare  Gigantas, 

Sumpta  Jovi :  primo  tempore  inermis  erat. 
Ignibus  Ossa  novis,  et  Pelion  altior  Ossa 

Arsit,  et  in  solida  fixus  Olympus  humo.  440 

Stat  quoque  capra  simul :  Nymphae  pavisse  feruntur 

Cretides  :  int'anti  lac  dedit  ilia  Jovi. 
Nunc  vocor  ad  nomen.     Vegrandia  farra  colonae, 

Quae  male  creverunt,  vescaque  parva  vocant. 
Vis  ea  si  verbi  est ;  cur  non  ego  Vejovis  aedem  445 

^dem  non  magni  suspicer  esse  Jovis  ? 


nones,  Nonis  illis,  §-c.  i.  e.  The 
nones  of  March  have  cue  distin- 
guishing mark. 

428.  Vejovis.-is.  m.  Two  ety- 
mologies are  given  for  this  name, 
which  is  compounded  either  of 
ve,  a  particle  expressive  of  dimi- 
nution, and  so  signifies  a  small 
or  infant  Jove,  infr.  443,  or  it 
means  a  wicked  Jove,  '  qui  non 
juvandi  sed  nocendi  potestatem 
haberet ;'  ve,  having  the  force  of 
non,  as  in  the  compounds,  vesamts, 
vecors,  &c.  in  consequence  of 
which  his  statue  is  armed  will» 
arrows  prepared  for  mischief; 
he  is  also  frequently  identified 
with  Pluto,  called  Vedius,  quasi 
nocenft  Diits  ;  Gell.  v.  1 2.  It  is 
evident,  however,  that  the  poet 
favours  the  former.  Lucos  ante 
duos.  Thus  described  by  Livy; 
'  locum,  qui  nunc  septus  descen- 
dentibus  (ex  Capitolio)  inter 
duos  lucos  est.  Asylum  aperit.' 
So    Cicero ;     '  Assequitur    inter 


lucos  hominem  Milo,'  and  Dio- 
nysiUS  ;  To  yaa  furti^u  y^upUv  rou 
Tt  KccmruXiau  xai  tTi;  axpx;,  o  x.a,- 
XiiTOii  vu»,  x.a.To,  rni/  'Paifiociuv  J/a- 
XixTov,  fii^oai/iv  dvoTv  ooufitu)/. 

432.  Quam  non  invidiosa.  '  How 
free  from  envy  or  malice ;'  be- 
cause they  were  all  of  the  same 
stamp  and  class. 

434.  Disce,  Sfc.  Learn  who  the 
deity  is,  and  why  he  is  so  called. 

440.  In  solida  Jixus  humo. 
Rooted  in  the  solid  earth. 

441.  Capra.  Amalthea.  See 
Fast.  v.  111. 

443.  Veyrandia,  §-c.  The 
countrywomen  call  the  corn 
which  has  grown  indifferently, 
vegrandia,  i.  e.  non  grandia,  mea- 
gre, and  what  is  small,  vesca,  i.  e. 
ve,  or  sine  esca,  weak,  or  delicate. 
So  Vejlamines,  the  inferior  Fla- 
mens. 

445.  Vis  ea  si  verbi  est.  If 
such  be  the  force  of  the  expres- 
sion. 


NON.  MART. 


149 


ORITUR  PEGASUS. 

Jamque,  ubi  cceruleum  vallabunt  sidera  ccelum, 
Suspice  :  Gorgonei  colla  videbis  equi. 

Creditur  hie  caesae  gravida  cervice  Medusae 
Sanguine  respersis  prosiluisse  jubis. 

Huic  supra  nubes  et  subter  sidera  lapso 
Ccelum  pro  terra,  pro  pede  penna  fuit. 

Jamque  indignant!  nova  frena  receperat  ore, 


450 


447.  Uhi  cceruleum.  When  the 
stars  shall  gird  the  blue  vault  of 
heaven. 

448.  Gorgonei  equi.  On  the 
nones  the  constellation  Pegasus 
rises  heliacally ;  so  called  from 
rTriy7i,fons,  because  born  near  the 
springs  or  sources  of  the  ocean, 
where  the  Gorgons  dwelt ;  whence 
Hyginus  and  others  say,  that  he 
was  born  of  Neptune  and  Me- 
dusa. Some,  however,  with  the 
poet,  assert  the  winged  steed  to 
have  sprung  from  the  blood  of 
Medusa,  whom  Perseus  slew. 
He  was  tamed  by  Neptune  or 
Minerva,  and  presented  to  Bel- 
lerophon,  to  assist  him  in  con- 
quering the  Chimsera.  According 
to  others,  Pegasus  was  the  name 
of  the  vessel  in  which  Bellero- 
phon  sailed ;  see  also  infr.  453. 
According  to  Ovid,  Metam.  iv. 
785,  Perseus  was  mounted  on 
Pegasus,  when  he  destroyed  the 
sea  monster  to  which  Androme- 
da should  have  been  sacrificed, 
but  for  his  protection.  See  Class. 
Die.  Andromeda. 

449.  Gravida  cervice.  From 
her  pregnant  neck;  so  called 
because  Chrysaor  and  Pegasus 
sprung  from  the  blood  which 
flowed  from  it  upon  her  decapita- 
tion by  Perseus.  Medusa  was  the 
daughter  of  Phorcus  and  Ceto, 
a  sea  monster,  and  with  her  sis- 
ters, Euryale  and  Sthenyo,  to 
whom  Scylla  is  added  by  some, 
inhabited  the  islands  called  Gor- 
gades  or  Gorgones,  whence  they 


derived  their  name,  in  the  .Ethi- 
opian sea.  The  islands  are  said 
to  have  been  so  named  from  their 
having  been  infested  by  a  noxious 
animal  called  ^«gyav.  Medusa  was 
remarkable  for  her  personal  at- 
tractions, and  particularly  distin- 
guished for  the  beauty  and  luxu- 
riancy  of  her  golden  hair,  whence 
Neptune  became  passionately  ena- 
moured of  her,  and  made  the 
temple  of  Minerva  the  scene  of 
his  successful  love.  The  goddess 
indignant  at  the  insult,  changed 
Medusa's  hair  into  snakes,  and 
doomed  all  on  whom  she  should 
chance  to  gaze,  to  death.  Perseus, 
the  son  of  Danae  and  Jove,  by 
order  of  the  gods,  put  on  the 
winged  sandals  of  Mercury,  with 
whose  sword,  and  the  brazen 
shield  of  Minerva  he  was  armed, 
and  beheaded  Medusa  while  she 
and  her  snakes  were  sleeping. 
The  goddess  subsequently  wore 
the  Gorgon's  head  as  the  device 
upon  her  shield. 

45 1 .  Huic  supra,  Sfc.  '  The  air 
was  as  the  earth  to  him,  soaring 
beyond  the  clouds,  and  beneath 
the  stars;  his  pinions  were  as  feet.' 

453.  Indignanti  nova  frena  ore. 
It  is  also  said  that  Pegasus  was 
caught  by  Bellerophonat  Pirene,  a 
fountain  in  Corinth,  and  that  after 
the  destruction  of  the  Chimsera,  he 
attempted,  mounted  on  Pegasus, 
to  reach  the  skies,  in  consequence 
of  which  Jupiter  sent  a  gadfly, 
which  made  him  throw  Bellero- 
phon,  who  fell  on  the  Aleian 
o2 


150 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  III. 


Cum  levis  Aonias  ungula  fodit  aquas. 
Nunc  fi'uitur  coelo,  quod  pennis  ante  petebat : 
Et  nitidus  stellis  quinque  decemque  micat. 


455 


OCT.  ID.  MART.  ARIADNES  CORONA  ORITUR. 

Protinus  adspicies  venienti  nocte  Coronam 

Gnosida.     Theseo  crimine  facta  dea  est. 
Jam  bene  perjuro  mutarat  conjuge  Bacchum, 

Quae  dedit  ingrato  fila  legenda  viro.  460 


plain  ia  Cilicia,  and  wandered 
about  in  blindness  and  poverty 
until  death.  Pegasus,  ascending 
to  heaven,  became  a  constellation, 
looking  towards  the  arctic  circle, 
touching  with  his  mouth  the  head 
of  the  Dolphin,  and  with  his  neck 
close  to  the  right  hand  of  Aqua- 
rius. 

454.  Levis  Aonias,  ^-c.  By 
striking  his  hoof  upon  Mount 
Helicon,  Pegasus  opened  the  foun- 
tain thence  called  Hippocrene, 
sc.  "larwou  K^rityi,  the  ♦  fons  Cabal- 
linus'  of  Persius,  Prolog.  Sat.  I, 
I.  That  part  of  Bceotia,  in  which 
Helicon  stood,  was  called  Aonia, 
whence  Aon.  aquas. 

456.  Quinque  decemque.  With 
fifteen  stars ;  according  to  Hy- 
ginus,  eigliteen 

457.  Venientp.  nocte.  On  the 
VIII.  Id.  Mart.  Coronam  Gnosida, 
The  Cretan  crown,  so  called  from 
Gnosus,  a  city  of  Crete,  where 
Ariadnt',  the  daughter  of  Alinos 
and  Pasiphae  WHS  born.  For  Cor- 
onam, see  infr.  509. 

458.  Tkeseo  crimine.  Owing  to 
the  guilt  of  Theseus,  she  became 
a  deity.  Theseus,  son  of  ^Elhra, 
the  daughter  of  Pittl'eus  and 
JEgeus,  was  sent  to  Crete  as  one 
of  the  seven  chosen  youths, 
whom,  according  to  a  compact 
with  Minos,  the  Athenians  sent 
yearly  to  be  devoured  by  the  Mi- 
notaur. He  volunteered  this  ser- 
vice in  order  to  deliver  his  coun- 
try, if  possible,    from    this  cruel 


and  tyrannical  tribute,  and  suc- 
ceeded, by  the  assistance  of  Ari- 
adne, who  enabled  him  to  track 
the  labyrinth  with  a  clue  of  thread. 
He  slew  the  Minotaur,  and  sailed 
from  Crete,  with  tlie  six  youths, 
and  seven  virgins,  whom  he  had 
saved  from  beinu  destroyed  by  the 
monster,  and  Ariadne ,  but  for- 
getful of  her  kindness,  he  aban- 
doned her  on  the  island  of  Chios 
or  Naxos,  whither  he  was  driven 
by  stress  of  weather  on  his  voyage 
home.  The  rest  of  her  story  is 
detailed  in  the  text. 

459.  Perjuro  mutarat   conjuge 
Bacchum.     An  hypallage  ior  per- 

jurum  conjugem  Baccho,  had  hap- 
pily exchanged  a  perjured  consort 
for  Bacchus.  So  Horace;  '  Ve- 
lox  amoenum  saepe  Lucretilem 
Mutat  Lycaeo  Faunus.'  Od.  i. 
17,  1,  and  '  Cur  valle  permuteni 
Sabiua  Divitias  operosiores. ' 

460.  Fila  legenda.  Legere  fila, 
est  adducere,  et  colligere  obvol- 
vendo  :  quod  fecisse  dicitur  The- 
seus, qui  e  labyrintho  Cretensi, 
Ariadne  monitu,  expedivit,  se, 
fiium  in  introitu  explicando,  in 
reditu  colligendo;  to  gather  in  or 
7in7id  up  as  a  clue.  Forcel.  Piiny 
speaks  of  four  remarkable  laby- 
rinths; {\a.p>v^iv6o;,  a  Xa.P>^a;, fovea, 
vel  a  Xaliuii  et  ^man,  quod  prehen- 
dendo  decipiat,  vel  quasi  Xafilv^u- 
f «s  a  Xufiiiv  6u^a.i,  quod  varia  ah  in- 
gressu  apcriuntur,  et  quasi  prehen- 
duntur  ostia,  nee  tamen  iavenitur 
exitus)  the  first  and  most  cele- 


OCT.  ID.  MART. 


151 


Sorte  tori  gaudens,  '  quern  flebam  rustica,'  dixit, 

'  Utiliter  nobis  perfidus  ille  fuit.' 
Interea  Liber  depexus  crinibus  Indos 


brated  was  the  Egyptian,  in  Heli- 
opolis,  of  which  the  pillars  in 
front  were  made  of  Parian  mar- 
ble, and  the  rest  of  porphyry. 
The  next  was  the  Cretan,  in  the 
city  Gortyna,  built  at  the  com- 
mand of  Minos  by  Daedalus,  who 
modelled  it  from  the  Egyptian  ; 
however,  though  more  intricate, 
it  was  not  within  a  hundred  times 
as  large.  The  third  is  the  Lem- 
nian,  remarkable  for  the  beauty 
of  its  columns,  of  which  it  had 
a  hundred  and  fifty.  The  last  was 
the  Italian,  which  Porsena,  king 
of  Etruria,  built  as  a  sepulchre 
for  himself. 

461.  Sorte  tori gaudens.Exuhmg 
in  the  good  fortune  of  her  mar- 
riage, sc.  with  Bacchus.  Quern 
flebam  rustica.  Whom  1  foolishly 
deplored.  Quid  fles  at  rustica. 
A\.  Quid  flebas  rustica.  Heins. 

463.  Liber.  Bacchus,  so  called 
a  liberando,  because  he  fought  for 
the  freedom  of  Boeotia,  or  be- 
cause he  sets  the  mind  free  from 
the  effects  of  care,  or  from  Xuum 
(oa^n,  curcB  pondera  solvere.  The 
genealogies  of  Bacchus  are  va- 
rious. According  to  some,  he 
was  the  sou  of  Jupiter  and  Se- 
mele,  others  make  Liber  and  Li- 
bera the  son  and  daughter  of 
Ceres.  Orpheus,  in  one  of  his 
hymns,  describes  him  as  the  sou 
of  Jupiter  and  Proserpine,  and 
in  another,  as  the  son  of  the 
Egyptian  Isis.  The  poets  in  ge- 
neral adopt  the  first  of  these  opi- 
nions. Semele  was  the  daughter 
of  Cadmus,  and  of  such  singular 
beauty,  that  she  attracted  the  at- 
tention of  Jupiter.  Having  bound 
him,  at  the  instigation  of  Juno, 
by  an  oath,  to  accede  to  her 
wishes,  she  demanded  that  he 
should  appear  in  his  celestial  ma- 


jesty,  and  was  consumed  in  con- 
sequence, being  unable  to  en- 
dure the  splendour.  Her  child, 
of  which  she  had  been  eight 
months  pregnant,  was  placed  in 
the  thigh  of  Jove  until  the  suit- 
able time  for  his  birth  arrived. 
Some  say  that  he  was  saved  from 
the  flames  by  Dirce,  a  nymph  of 
Achelous.  Depexus  crinibus. — 
With  his  hair  trimmed  ;  this  may 
allude,  either  to  his  youth  or  his 
eifeminacy ;  '  tibi  enim  incon- 
sumpta  juventa  est:  Tu  puer 
seternus,  tu  formosissimus  alto 
Conspiceris  coelo,  tibi,  cum  sine 
cornibus  adstas,  Virgineum  caput 
est.'  Ovid.  Metam.  iv.  15;  and 
Euripides  in  Bncch.   T«v  (nXufio^- 

yuvai'i)  ;  &c.  or  it  may  refer  merely 
to  the  beauty  of  his  hair,  as ; 
'  Et  dignos  Baccho,  dignos  et 
ApoUine  crines,  Alet.  iii.  421. 
Indos  vincit.  Of  all  the  expedi- 
tions of  Bacchus,  that  into  the 
east  is  the  most  celebrated.  His 
army  consisted  of  men  and  wo- 
men, all  inspired  with  divine 
fury,  and  armed  with  thyrsi, 
cymbals,  &c.  His  conquests  were 
unstained  by  bloodshed  ;  he  was 
received  as  a  benefactor,  for  the 
instructions  which  he  freely  gave 
the  people  in  the  use  of  the  vine, 
in  tilling  the  earth,  and  in  making 
honey.  He  was  accompanied 
by  Silenus  and  Lusus,  from 
whom  Lusitania  is  said  to  have 
received  its  name  ;  and  when  he 
had  subdued  India  and  Iberia, 
he  made  Pan  the  governor  of  the 
latter,  who  called  it  Pania,  after- 
wards Hispania.  So  Sesoth.  de 
reb.  Iber.  His  conquests  in  the 
east  extended  to  the  Ganges ; 
'  Oriens  tibi  victus,  adusque  De- 
color extreme  qua  tingitur  India 


152 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  III. 


465 


470 


Vincit,  et  Eoo  dives  ab  orbe  venit. 
Inter  captivas  facie  praestante  puellas 

Grata  nimis  Baccho  filia  regis  erat. 
Flebat  amans  conjiix,  spatiataque  littore  curvo 

Edidit  incultis  talia  verba  comis  : 
'  En  iterum  similes,  fluctus,  audite  querelas  ; 

'  En  iterum  lachrymas  accipe,  arena,  meas. 
'  Dicebam,  memini.   "  Perjure  et  perfide  Theseu  1" 

'  lUe  abiit :  eadem  crimina  Bacchus  habet. 

*  Nunc  quoque,  '  Nulla  viro,'  clamabo,  '  fcemina  credat :' 

'  Nomine  mutato  causa  relata  mea  est. 

*  O  utinam  mea  sors,  qua  primiim  cceperat,  isset ;         475 

'  Jamque  ego  praesenti  tempore  nulla  forem  ! 

*  Quid  me  desertis  perituram.   Liber,  arenis 

'  Servabas  ?  potui  dedoluisse  semel. 
'  Bacche  levis,  leviorque  tuis,  quae  tempera  cingunt. 


Gange.  Metam.  iv.  19,  where  he 
erected  two  pillars  as  impassable 
bounds,  hke  those  erected  by 
Hercules  in  the  west;    'Afji.<po7\i  ti 

Dionys. 

467.  Spatiataque  littore  curvo. 
Wandering  on  the  winding  shore. 

469.  En  iterum  fluctus,  S^c.  Lo ! 
hear  ye  waves  again  a  like  com- 
plaint ;  Lo  !  sandy  shore,  receive 
again  my  tears.  Similes.  Such  as 
she  had  uttered  on  her  being  de- 
serted by  Theseus. 

471.  Dicebam,  §-c.  I  remember, 
I  was  wont  to  say,  Perjured  and 
faithless  Theseus ! 

474.  Nomine  mutato.  Bacchus 
instead  of  Theseus.  Relata.  No- 
vata.   Zulich. 

477.  Desertis  arenis.  Of  Chios, 
or,  according  to  others,  of  Dia, 
an  island  in  the  Cretic  Sea,  now 
Standia,  from  Gr.  hs  r-av  Aiav. 

478.  Dedoluisse.  Once  I  could 
have  ceased  to  grieve ;  sc.  had  she 
died  when  deserted  by  Theseus. 
Of  this  sense  of  de  in  composi- 
tions, there  are  frequent  examples; 
'  Optimus  ille  fuit  vindex  laeden- 
tia  pectus  Vincula  qui  rupit  de- 
doluitque  semel.'    Ovid  de  rented. 


Amor.  293,  and  Virgil,  ^tieid  x. 
809.  '  jEneas  nubem  belli,  dum 
detonet,  omnem  Sustinet;'  h.  e. 
impetum  pugnantium  sustinet, 
donee  deferveat.  Forcel. 

479.  Leviorque  tuis  frondihus. 
Lighter,  more  easily  unsettled, 
than  the  vine  leaves  with  which 
he  was  crowned  ;  whence  Virgil ; 
'  Foliis  tantum  ne  carmina  man- 
da,  Ne  turbata  volent  rapidis  lu- 
dibria  ventis.'  j^neid  vi.  74,  and 
Coleridge ; 


•  There  is  not  wind  enough  in  the  air 
To  move  away  the  ringlet  curl 
From  the  lovely  lady's  cheek — 
There  is  not  wind  enough  to  twirl 
The  one  red  loaf,  the  last  of  its  clan. 
That  dances  as  often  as  dance  it  can , 
Hanging  so  light  and  hanging  so  high. 
On  the  topmost  twig  that  looks  up  at  the 
sky.' 

Christabel.  Fart  1. 


Compare  Horat.  Od.  iii.  9,  22. 
'  Quanquam  sidere  pulchrior  Ille 
est,  tu  levior  cortice,  et  improbo 
Iracundior  Adria.' 


OCT.  ID.  MART. 


153 


'  Frondibus  ;  in  lachrymas  cognite,  Bacche,  meas  ;    480 
'  Heu  !  ubi  pacta  fides  ?  ubi,  quae  jurare  solebas  ? 

'  Me  miseram,  quoties  haec  ego  verba  loquor  ! 
'  Thesea  culpabas,  fallacemque  ipse  vocabas  ; 

'  Judicio  peccas  turpius  ipse  tuo. 
•  Ne  sciat  hoc  qnisquani,  tacitisque  doloribus  urar  ;  485 

'  Ne  toties  falli  digna  fiiisse  puter. 
'  Praecipue  cvipiam  celari  Thesea ;  ne  te 

'  Consortem  culpae  gaudeat  esse  suae. 
■  At,  puto,  praeposita  est  fuscae  mihi  Candida  pellex. 

'  Eveniat  nostris  hostibus  ille  color.  490 

Quid  taraen  hoc  refert,  vitio  si  gratior  ipso  est  ? 

'  Quid  facis  ?  amplexus  inquinat  ilia  tuos. 
Bacche,  fidem  praesta  ;  nee  praefer  amoribus  ullam 

'  Conjugis,  assuetae  semper  aniare  virum. 
Ceperunt  matrem  formosi  cornua  tauri :  495 

'  Me  tua :  at  hie  laudi  est,  ille  pudendus  amor. 


480.  In  lachrimas  cognite  meas. 
'  Known  to  my  grief;'  an  idiom 
in  modern  use. 

481.  Heu  f  uhi  pacta  fides? 
Compare  the  lament  of  Dido, 
for  the  perfidy  of  ^Eneas.  ^neid, 
iv.  305  et  seq.  and  365  et  seq. 

482.  Verba  loquor.  Sera  que- 
ror.     Heins. 

484.  Judicio,  §-c.  The  crime 
of  Bacchus  was  more  aggravated 
from  his  having  condemned  the 
treachery  of  Theseus. 

485.  Hoc.  So.  Her  abandon- 
ment by  Bacchus. 

489.  Fuscae  mihi  Candida  pellex . 
Ironical;  as  India  was  not  likely 
to  furnish  Bacchus  with  a  Can- 
dida pellex, 

490.  Ille  color,  sc.  pellicis. 

491.  Vitio  si  gratior  ipso  est. 
If  it  is  the  more  agreeable,  from 
its  very  defect,  i.e.  if  the  com- 
plexion is  more  pleasing  from  its 
blackness. 

492.  Inquinat.  Contaminates; 
from  Gr.  lyKar/ota,  id. 

493.  Fidem  praesta.  Adhere  to 
your  fidelity. 

495.  Ceperunt  matrem,  Sec. 
Neptune    presented    Minos   with 


a  bull,  on  condition  that  it  should 
be  sacrificed  at  his  altar;  Minos 
refused,  on  account  of  its  singu- 
lar beauty  ;  and  Neptune  reveng- 
ed himself  in  consequence,  by 
inspiring  Pasiphae,  the  mother 
of  Ariadne,  with  an  unnatural 
passion  for  the  animal,  of  which 
the  Minotaur  was  the  monstrous 
fruit.  According  to  some  mytho- 
logies, Pasiphae  intrigued  with 
an  officer  of  her  household,  Tau- 
rus, and  became  the  parent  of 
twins,  Minos  and  Taurus,  whence 
the  fable  of  the  Minotaur. 

496.  il/e  tua.  sc.  cornua  cepe- 
runt. The  Latin  writers,  follow- 
ing the  Greek,  represented  Bac- 
chus as  having  horns ;  '  Bacche, 
veni,  dulcisque  tuis  e  cornibus 
uva  pendeat ;'  Tibull.  Eleg.  i.  1, 
3.  '  Te  vidit  insons  Cerberus 
aureo  cornu  decorum ;'  Horat. 
Od.  ii.  19,  29;  either  because 
wine  '  addit  cornua  pauperi.'  Od. 
iii.  21,  18,  or  because  excess  of 
wine  produces  contention  and 
strife  ;  Fest.  At  hie  laudi,  §-c. 
The  latter  was  to  be  commend- 
ed and  the  former  to  be  condemn- 
ed. 


154  FASTORUM,  LIB.  III. 

'  Ne  noceat,  quod  amo :  neque  enim  tibi,  Bacche,  nocebat, 

'  Quod  flammas  nobis  fassus  es  ipse  tuas. 
'  Nee,  quod  nos  uris,  mirum  facis.     Ortus  in  igne 

'  Dieeris,  et  patria  raptus  ab  igne  manu.  500 

'  Ilia  ego  sum,  cui  tu  solitus  promittere  ccelum. 

'  Heu  mihi,  pro  ccelo  qualia  dona  fero !' 
Dixerat :  audibat  jamdudum  verba  querentis 

Liber,  ut  a  tergo  forte  secutus  erat. 
Occupat  amplexu,  lacbrimasque  per  oscula  siccat :         505 

Et,  pariter,  coeli  summa  petamus,  ait. 
Tu  mihi  juncta  toro,  mihi  juncta  vocabula  sumes  : 

Jam  tibi  mutatai  Libera  nomen  erit. 
Sintque  tuae  tecum  faciam  monumenta  coronae  ; 

Vulcanus  Veneri  quam  dedit,  ilia  tibi.  510 

Dicta  f'acit :  gemmasque  novem  transformat  in  ignes, 

Aurea  per  Stellas  nunc  micat  ilia  novem. 

TERT.  ID.  MART.  EQUIRIA  JUXTA  TIBERIM. 

Sex  ubi  sustulerit,  totidem  demerserit  ordes, 

Purpureum  rapido  qui  vehit  axe  diem  ; 
Altera  gramineo  spectabis  Equiria  campo,  515 

Q,uem  Tiberis  curvis  in  latus  urget  aquis. 
Qui  tamen  ejecta  si  forte  tenebitur  unda 

Coelius  accipiet  pulverulentus  equos. 

499.  JVos  uris.   An  equivoque ;  who  wafts  upon   his   nimble   car 

urere  admitting  of  being  applied  the  blushing  day  shall  have  com- 

in   a  mental    or    material    sense,  pleted  six  risings  and    as    many 

Ortus  in  igne.   In  allusion  to  the  settings  of  his  orb  ;  h,  e.  the  sixth 

manner  of  his  mother's  death.  day  from  the  viii.    Id.  Mart,  in- 

507.  Juncta  vocabula.  sc.  Liber  eluded,  is  the  iii.  Id.  Mart, 
and  Libera.  March  1 3th,  upon   which  day  the 

508.  MutatcE.  Changed  to  a  Equiria,  see  Fast.  ii.  n.  743,  were 
constellation.  Libera.  See  supr.  celebrated  a  second  time,  for 
N.  463.  This  name  properly  be-  what  reason,  does  not  appear, 
longed  to  Proserpine.  Some  say,  but  without  sufficient 

509.  Sintque  tucB.  '  I  shall  take  authority,  that  the  first  were  held 
care  that  the  memorial  of  your  for  the  purification  of  the  '  Equi- 
crown  shall  be  with  you,  which  tatus,*  and  the  second  for  the 
Vulcan  gave  to  Venus,  she  to  filling  up  of  their  proper  number 
you.'  This  was  the  Corona  sep-  in  case  of  any  vacancies  by  deaths, 
tentrionalis   or   Gnosia,    lying  to-  &c. 

wards  the  north   between  Bootes  518.    Ccelius.    Called  originally 

and  Hercules.  Querquetulanus,  quod  mullo  quer- 

511.   Gemmasque,  Changes  the  cm  esset  consitus.     It  was  subse- 

jewels  to  nine  stars,  quently  called    after    Coeles    Vi- 

513.  Sex  ubi,  Sfc.     When  he  benna,   or  CceIus   Vibennius,  an 


ID.  MART. 


155 


ID.  MART.  ANN^  PERENN^  FESTUM. 

Idibus  est  Annae  festum  geniale  Perennae, 

Haud  procul  a  ripis,  advena  Thybri,  tuis. 
Plebs  venit,  ac  virides  passim  disjecta  per  herbas 

Potat,  et  accumbit  cum  pare  quisque  sua. 
Sub  Jove  pars  durat :  pauci  tentoria  ponunt : 

Sunt,  quibus  e  ramis  frondea  facta  casa  est : 
Pars  ibi  pro  rigidis  calamos  statuere  columnis  : 

Desuper  extentas  imposuere  togas. 
Sole  tamen  vinoque  calent,  annosque  precantur, 

Quot  sumant  cyathos  ;  ad  numerumque  bibunt. 
Invenies  illic,  qui  Nestoris  ebibat  annos  : 


520 


525 


Etrurian  general,  who  assisted 
Romulus  against  the  Sabines, 
and  received  this  hill  for  a  set- 
tlement, in  recompense.  See  Fast. 
ii.  N.  739. 

519.  Idibus.  On  the  ides ; 
March  loth.  Anna  Perennae. 
Anna,  the  daughter  of  Belus, 
and  sister  of  Dido,  upon  the 
death  of  the  latter,  and  the  oc- 
cupation of  Carthage  by  larbas 
king  of  the  Getuli,  flying  from 
her  native  country,  took  refuge 
with  Battus,  king  of  Melite. 
She  was  forced  to  leave  this  re- 
treat, in  consequence  of  the 
threats  of  her  brother  Pygma- 
lion, and  in  her  wanderings, 
chanced  to  reach  the  Laurentian 
shores,  where  she  was  kindly  re- 
ceived by  jEneas.  Her  sister  Di- 
do appeared  to  her  in  a  dream, 
and  warning  her  against  the 
jealousy  of  Lavinia,  who  was  al- 
ready plotting  her  destruction, 
suggested  the  river  Numicus  as 
her  only  resource,  «  Hue  rapias, 
germana,  viam  tutosque  receptus. 
Te  sacra  excipient  hilares  in  flu- 
mina  Nymphae,  iEternumque 
Italis  nunien  celebrabere  in  oris.' 
Sil.  Ital.  viii.  182.  Her  story  in 
detail  is  given  in  the  text.  For 
Perenna,  see  infr.  6.56.  Festum 
geniale.     The  convivial  festival. 

520.  Haud  procul  a  ripis.     At 


a  place  called  Annse  Perenna; 
nemus,  between  the  confluence 
of  the  Tiber  and  Anio  and  the 
Milvian  bridge.  Advena.  Because 
the  Tiber  rises  in  Etruria.  Et 
accumbit.  Ft  accumbunt.  Heins. 
Cum  pare  sua.     With  his  wife. 

524.  Quibus,  §-c.  Whose  leafy 
dwelling  is  built  up  with  boughs. 

525.  Rigidis.  Phrygiis.    Al. 

527.  Sole  tamen.  Notwith- 
standing the  shade  they  had 
formed  by  extending  their  cloaks 
upon  the  upright  reeds,  and  re- 
clining beneath  them.  Annosque 
precantur.  They  implore  so  many 
years  additional  to  their  existence 
as  they  empty  cups.  Ad  numer- 
umque bibunt.  Drink  by  reckon- 
ing, '  Quincunces  et  sex  cyathos 
bessemque  bibamus.'  Martial. 
Epign.  ii.  36,  '  tribus  aut  novem 
Miscentur  cyathis  pocula  com- 
modis.'  Horat.  Od.  iii.  19. 

529.  Invenies  illic.  '  You  will 
find  a  man  there  to  drink  off  the 
years  of  Nestor.'  He  was  the  son 
of  Neleus  and  Cloris,  and  king 
of  Pylus  in  Elis.  In  early  life  he 
engaged  in  a  war  with  the  Epeans, 
a  people  of  Peloponnesus  in 
Achaia,  and  assisted  Pirithou» 
against  the  Centaurs.  Finally,  in 
his  old  age,  he  accompanied  the 
Grecian  chiefs  to  Troy.  He  is 
stated  by  the  poets  to  have  been 


156 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  HI. 


Quae  sit  per  calices  facta  Sibylla  suos. 
lUic  et  cantant,  quidquid  didicere  theatri 
Et  jactant  faciles  ad  sua  verba  manus  : 


530 


beyond  his  two  hundredth  year 
at  this  period  ;  however  they 
erred  in  ascribing  a  hundred  years 
instead  of  thirty,  to  a  yina,  or 
generation,  so  that  his  existence 
may  be  limited  to  ninety.  Still 
the  ebibat  annos  of  the  text,  a  cup 
for  every  year,  must  be  received 
with  some  suspicion  of  its  pos- 
sibility. 

530.  Qua  sit  per  calices.  A 
woman  who  by  the  number  of 
her  cups  equalled  the  years  of 
the  Sibyl.  Several  Sibyllae  are 
enumerated  by  the  ancient  writ- 
ers ;  Plato  mentions  one,  .^jlian 
four,  Pliny  three,  and  Varro  ten. 
The  most  celebrated  Sibyl,  the 
same  alluded  to  in  the  text,  be- 
longed to  Cumae  in  Italy ;  and 
hais  been  variously  named,  Hero- 
phile,  Daphne,  Manto,  Deiphobe, 
&c. ;  but  Erythrea  is  the  name  by 
which  she  was  best  known. 
Apollo  is  said  to  have  been  ena- 
moured of  her,  and  to  have  of- 
fered her  any  boon  she  might  re- 
quire ;  she  took  up  a  handful  of 
sand,  and  wished  to  live  as  many 
years  as  her  hand  held  grains. 
Her  request  was  granted,  but  she 
forgot,  as  occurred  in  the  case  of 
Tithonus,  to  add  the  enjoyments 
of  life,  health,  &c.  She  accord- 
ingly became  aged  and  decrepid. 
Seven  hundred  years  of  her  life 
had  elapsed  at  the  time  when  she 
descended  with  .^neas  to  the  in- 
fernal regions,  and  six  hundred 
more  remained  to  be  fulfilled,  after 
which  she  became  a  mere  atom, 
and  scarcely  discernible  but  by 
her  voice  ;  *  Usque  adeo  mutata 
ferar  ;  nullique  videnda.  Voce 
tamen  noscar  ;  vocem  mihi  fata 
relinquent.'  Ovid.  Metam.  xiv. 
152.  The  Cumaean  Sibyl,  Ery- 
thrae,    eo    called,    from    Erythrae 


in  Ionia,  is  said  to  have  been 
bom  in  Cuma  or  Cyme,  a  cele- 
brated city  of  MoXidi,  built  by 
Pelops  on  his  return  from  Greece ; 
and  is  to  be  distinguished  from 
the  Sibylla  Cumana,  who  belong- 
ed to  Cumae,  which  is  also  called 
Cyme,  after  Strabo,  by  Silius 
Italicus  and  Statius,  an  ancient 
town  of  Campania,  built  by  a  co- 
lony of  Chalcidians  and  Cumse- 
ans  according  to  some,  but  its 
origin  is  ascribed  by  the  poets  to 
the  former  alone.  This  latter  was 
the  Sibyl  who  offered  the  nine 
books  to  Tarquinius  Priscus,  or 
according  to  others,  Superbus, 
for  three  hundred  pieces  of  gold  ; 
he  refused  her  twice,  and  each 
time  she  burned  three,  he  then 
purchased  the  three  remaining 
for  the  original  sum.  According 
to  Pliny,  xiii.  13.  there  were  but 
three  altogether,  of  which  she 
burned  two.  The  remainder  was 
preserved  with  the  greatest  ve- 
neration in  the  Capitol,  in  a  stone 
chest  which  was  deposited  in  a 
subterranean  cell.  Two  men  were 
appointed  by  Tarquin,  called 
Duumviri  sacrorum  for  consult- 
ing and  explaining  the  Sibylline 
books,  which  they  opened  and  in- 
terpreted only  on  great'  emergen- 
cies. They  are  said  to  have  been 
burned  by  Stilicho,  a  celebrated 
general  under  Theodosius  the 
Great,  when  be  rebelled  against 
his  successor  Honorius  ;  '  Me  tu 
turn  palriis  ssevires  proditor  ar- 
mis,  Sancta  Sibyllin»  fata  cre- 
mavit  opis.'  Rutil.  ii.  51. 

532.  Et  jactant,  8fc.  And  move 
their  pliant  hands  in  time  to  what 
they  sing.  So  Lucretius  ;  '  Bra- 
chiaque  in  numerum  jactare,  et 
caetera  membra.'  ix.  771. 


ID.  MART. 


157 


Et  ducunt  posito  duras  cratere  choreas, 

Multaque  difFusis  saltat  arnica  comis. 
Cum  redeunt,  titubant ;  et  sunt  spectacula  vulgo  :         540 

Et  fbrtunatos  obvia  turba  vocant. 
Occurri  nuper :   visa  est  mihi  digna  relatu 

Pompa  :   senem  potum  pota  trahebat  anus. 
Quae  tamen  hsec  dea  sit,  quoniam  rumoribus  errant, 

Fabula  proposito  nulla  tacenda  meo.  545 

Arserat  JEneas  Dido  miserabilis  igne  : 

Arserat  exstructis  in  sua  fata  rogis. 
Compositusque  cinis,  tumulique  in  marmore  carmen 

Hoc  breve,  quod  moriens  ipsa  reliquit,  erat : 
Prcebuit  jS^nea  et  causam  mortis  et  ensern  :  550 

Ipsa  sua  Dido  concidit  usa  manu. 
Protinus  invadunt  Numidae  sine  vindice  regnum  ; 

Et  potitur  capta  Maurus,   larba  domo. 
Seque  memor  spretum,   Thalamis  tamen,  inquit,  Elissae 

En  ego,  quern  toties  repulit  ilia,  fVuor.  555 

DifFugiunt  Tyrii,  quo  quemque  agit  error  ;  ut  ollm 


538.  Posito  cratere.  The  bowl 
being  laid  aside.  Duras  choreas. 
The  uncouth  choirs  -.  duras,  is 
here  opposed  to  faciles,  supr. 
as  the  result  of  their  excess  in 
drinking,  whence  also  Multaque, 
&:c.  '  And  many  a  fair  one  dances 
with  dishevelled  hair.' 

542.  Digna  relatu,  pompa. 
Heinsius  conjectures  that  some 
lines  are  wanting  here  to  com- 
plete the  account  of  the  proces- 
sion, which  it  is  not  likely  that 
the  poet  would  have  omitted, 
from  the  nature  of  the  subject  he 
had  to  treat. 

544.  Dea.  Anna  Perenna. 
Quoniam  rumoribus  errant.  Since 
they  vary  in  their  accounts. 

545.  Fabula.  The  story  is  by 
no  means  to  be  passed  over  in 
my  design. 

546.  Arserat  jEnece.  Compare 
Virg.  j^neid.  iv.  504,  and  Heroid. 
Ep.  vii.  where,  in  Jin,  the  distich 
Prcebuit,  &c.  infr.  occurs. 

548.  Tumulique  in  marmore. 
The  tumulus,  or  mound  of  earth, 
was  heaped  over  the  vessel  con- 


taining the  ashes,  and  on  this 
was  placed  the  marmor,  Gr.  s-TjjXn, 
on  which  was  inscribed  the  epi- 
taph, &c.  of  the  deceased. 

552.  NumidcE.  The  Africans, 
Moors  and  Getulians,  under  the 
conduct  of  their  sovereign,  lar- 
bas,  the  rejected  suitor  of  Dido, 
attacked  Carthage  immediately 
after  her  death,  by  which  it  was 
left  defenceless,  sine  vindice. 

554.  ElisscE.  According  to 
Servius,  in  JEneid,  i.  344,  this 
was  her  real  name ;  she  was  call- 
ed Dido  after  her  decease,  which 
in  the  Punic  tongue  is  synoni- 
mous  with  virago,  in  compliment 
to  the  courage  which  she  evinced 
in  her  self-destruction,  whereby 
she  avoided  the  violence  with 
which  she  was  menaced  after  the 
treacherous  flight  of  jEneas. 
«  Quid  moror?  an  mea  Pygma- 
lion dum  moenia  frater,  Destruat, 
aut  captam  ducat  Gcstulus  larbas. 
Others  explain  Dido  to  mean 
tsXocvnTns,  a  wanderer. 

556.     Jjt  olini  amis^o  rege,  Sj'c 
So  Virgil ;  '  Praeterea  regem  noa 


158 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  III. 


Amisso  dubiae  rege  vagantur  apes. 
Tertia  nudandas  acceperat  area  messes, 

Inque  cavos  ierant  tertia  musta  lacus  ; 
Pellitur  Anna  domo  :  lathriniansque  sororia  linquit        .560 

McEnia.     Germanae  justa  dat  ante  suae. 
Mista  bibunt  moUes  lachrimis  unguenta  favillae ; 

Vertice  libatas  accipiuntque  comas. 
Terque,  Vale,  dixit :   cineres  ter  ad  ora  relates 

Pressit,  et  est  illis  visa  subesse  soror.  565 

Nacta  ratem  comitemque  fiigaj,  pede  labitur  aequo, 

Moenia  respiciens,  dulce  sororis  opus. 
Fertilis  est  JVIelite,  sterili  vicina  Cosyrse 

Insula,  quam  Libyci  verberat  unda  freti. 
Hanc  petit,  hospitio  regis  confisa  vetusto.  570 


sic  ^gyptus,  et  ingens  Lydia, 
nee  populi  Parthorum,  aut  Medus 
Hydaspes  observant.  Rege  inco- 
lumi  mens  omnibus  una  est  : 
Amisso  rupere  fideni ;  construc- 
taque  mella  Diripuere  ipsa;,  et 
crates  solvere  favorum.'  Georg. 
iv.  210. 

558.  Tertia,  ^c.  '  Thrice  had 
the  floor  received  the  harvest  to 
be  threshed,  and  thrice  the  must 
was  stored  in  the  deep  casks  ;'  a 
periphrasis  for  three  years,  the 
interval  between  the  death  of  Di- 
do and  the  expulsion  of  her  sister. 
Muslum,  signifies  new  wine,  be- 
fore it  was  fermented  ;  how  it  is 
made  to  express  any  given  time 
may  be  explained  from  Cato,  R.R. 
c.  120,  '  Mustimi  si  voles  totum 
annum  habere,  in  amphorara 
mus;um  indito,  et  corticem  op- 
picato,  demittito  in  piscinam,  (a 
large  vessel  for  holding  water) 
post  XXX.  diem  eximito :  totum 
annum  rcustura  erit,'  and  Ovid. 
Metaiu.  xiv.  146,  *  Terceutum 
messes,  tercentum  musta  videre  ;' 
h.  e.  tercent,  sestates,  totidem 
autumnos,  uno  veibo,  tercent. 
annos,  metalepsis.  Fuicel. 

559.  Lacus.  Translate  dicitur 
de  vase  arapio,  in  quo  mustum 
prelo,  vel  pedibus  expressum  re- 


cipitur  ;  a  vat  or  large  cask,  into 
which  new  wine  or  oil  was  press- 
ed. Forcel.  Fast.  iv.  854.  This 
noting  of  the  flight  of  years  by 
the  recurrence  of  their  customary 
occupations  and  effects,  has  been 
adopted  by  poets,  and  not  unfre- 
quently  by  orators,  in  all  ages,  as 
calculated  to  impress  the  mind 
more  deeply  by  supplying  it  with 
a  series  of  sensible  and  succes- 
sive images,  than  by  the  expres- 
sion of  a  mere  interval  of  time, 
which  is  too  apt  to  be  disregaid- 
ed,  when  unaccompanied  by  some 
brief  check,  as  it  were,  upon  the 
rapid  train  of  ihouorht. 

56^3.  Ve-rtke  lihatna  comas.  It 
was  customary  for  the  relations 
of  the  deceased  to  throw  upon 
the  funeral  pile  handfuis  of  hair, 
along  with  the  perfumes,  &c. 
Vertice  libatas.  Offered  from  the 
head. 

568.  Melite.  An  island  in  the 
Lybian  sea,  between  Sicily  and 
Africa,  but  nearer  to  the  former 
and  allotted  to  it  by  the  Romans  ; 
now  Malta.  Cosyra.  Called  also 
Cosura,  a  small,  barren  island, 
also  between  Sicily  and  Africa, 
not  more  than  six  or  seven  leagues 
in  length, 


ID.  MART. 


159 


Hospes  opum  dives  rex  ibi  Battus  erat. 
Qui  postquam  didicit  casus  utriusque  sororis. 

Haec,  inquit  tellus  quantiilacunque  tua  est. 
Et  tamen  hospitii  servasset  ad  ultima  munus  ; 

Sed  timuit  magnas  Pygraalionis  opes.  575 

Signa  recensuerat  bis  sol  sua :   tertius  ibat 

Annus,   et  exsulibus  terra  petenda  nova  est. 
Prater  adest,  belloque  petit.     Rex  arma  perosus, 

Nos  sumus  inibelles,  tu  fuge  sospes,  ait. 
Jussa  fugit,  ventoque  ratem  committit  et  undis.  580 

Asperior  quovis  aequore  frater  erat. 
Est  prope  piscosos  lapidosi  Crathidis  amnes 

Purus  ager  :   Cameren  incola  turba  vocant. 
IIIuc  cursus  erat.     Nee  longius  abtuit  inde, 

Quam  quantum  novies  mittere  funda  potest.  585 

Vela  cadunt  primo,  et  dubia  librantur  ab  aura. 

Findite  remigio,  navita  dixit,   aquas. 


571.  Battus.  A  sovereign  re- 
markable for  his  mildness;  '  Mitis 
Battus,  lachrymasque  dedisse,  Ca- 
sibus  humanis  facilis,'  Sil.  Ital. 
viii.  58,  the  son  of  Polymnestus 
and  Phronime  ;  his  real  name  was 
Aristoteles,  but  he  received  that 
of  Battus  in  consequence  of  a 
hesitation  in  his  speech.  He  is 
confounded  by  some  of  the  poets 
with  Battus,  a  Lacedemonian, 
■who  built  the  town  of  Cyrene, 
B.C.  630,  with  a  colony  from  the 
island  of  Thera,  whereas  Dido 
fled  from  Phoenicia,  upon  the 
murder  of  her  husband,  about 
953  years  e.c.  ;  between  which 
time  and  that  of  her  death,  there 
was  but  an  inconsiderable  inter- 
val, so  that  they  cannot  be  iden- 
tified. 

575.  Pi/gmaliovis.  King  of 
Tyre,  son  of  Belus,  and  brother 
of  Dido  ;  remarkable  for  his 
cruelty  and  avarice.  He  murder- 
ed his  sister's  husband,  Sichaeus, 
priest  of  Hercules,  privately  in 
the  temple,  in  order  to  obtain  his 
wealth  ;  of  which  Dido  having 
been  certified  in  a  dream,  fled, 
and    took    with    her    the    riches 


which  Pygmalion  had  vainly 
sought. 

576.  Signa.  The  sun  had  twice 
reviewed  his  signs ;  i.e.  two  years 
had  passed,  the  sun  having  twice 
traversed  the  Zodiac,  since  she 
had  left  Carthage. 

578.  Frater.   Pygmalion. 

581.  Asperior  quovis,  SfC.  So 
Lear ; 

'  Rumble  thy  belly  full !   spit  fire !    spout 

rain ! 
Nor  rain,  wind,   thunder,  fire,  are  my 

daughters : 
I  tax  you  not,  you  elements,  with  un. 

kindness, 
I  never  gave  you  kingdoms,   call'd  you 

children, 
You  owe  me  no  subscription.' 

SllAKSPEABE 

582.  Crathidis.  A  river  of  Ca- 
labria, now  Crate  or  Gratti,  which 
waters  Consentia,  the  capital  of 
the  Bruttii,  now  Cozenza,  and  is 
discharged  into  the  Sinus  Taren- 
tinus  ;  called  Lapidosus,  because 
it  rose  in  the  Appenines. 

583.  Purus.  Free  from  trees. 
'  Purus  ab  arboribus  spectabilis 
undique  campus  '  Metam.  iii.  709. 
'  Purus  et  patens  campus.'  Lio. 
xxiv.  14. 

586.  Dubia  lihravfur  ah  aura. 
Flutter   in  the  uncertain  breeze. 


160  FASTORUM,  LIB.  III. 

Dumque  parant  torto  subducere  carbasa  lino, 

Percutitur  rapido  puppis  adunca  Noto  : 
Inque  patens  sequor,  frustra  pugnante  magistro,  590 

Fertur :   et  ex  oculis  visa  refiigit  humus. 
Assiliunt  fluctus,  imoque  a  gurgite  pontus 

Vertitur,  et  canas  alveus  haurit  aquas. 
Vincitur  ars  vento  :   nee  jam  moderator  habenis 

Utitur  ;   at  votis  hie  quoque  poscit  opem.  595 

Jactatur  tumidas  exsul  Phoenissa  per  undas  ; 

Humidaque  opposita  lumina  veste  tegit. 
Tum  primum  Dido  feHx  est  dicta  sorori, 

Et  quaecunque  aliquam  corpore  pressit  liumuni. 
Figitur  ad  Laurens  ingenti  flamine  Httus  600 

Puppis  :   et,  expositis  omnibus,  hausta  perit. 
Jam  pius  iEneas  regno  nataque  Latini 

Auctus  erat,  populos  miscueratque  duos. 
Littore  dotali,  solo  comitatus  Achate, 

Secretum  nudo  dum  pede  carpit  iter,  605 

Adspicit  errantem,  nee  credere  sustinet  Annam 

Esse.     Quid  in  Latios  ilia  veniret  agros  ? 
Dum  secum  iEneas  :  Anna  est,  exclamat  Achates. 

Ad  nomen  vultus  sustulit  ilia  suos. 
Quo  fugiat  ?  quid  agat  ?  quos  terrae  quaerat  hiatus  ?        610 

Ante  oculos  miserae  fata  sororis  erant. 
Sensit,  et  alloquitur  trepidam  Cythere'ius  heros. 

Flet  tamen  admonitu  mortis,  Elissa,  tuae. 
Anna,  perhancjuro,  quam  quondam  audire  solebas 

Tellurem  fato  prosperiore  dari ;  615 


588.  Subducere  carbasa.      To  602.  Jam  rer/no  anclus.   '  Jam 

strike  sail.      Torto  lino.  The  rope  regni  compos.'   Sil.  Ital.  \ii\.  72. 

by  which  the  sail  was  managed.  Nataque  Latini.   Lavinia. 

593.  Canas  alveus  haurit  aquas.  603.  Populos  duos.  Trojan  and 

h.e.  navis  accipit  in  se  insilientes  Latin. 

turbati  maris  undas,  Forcel  Hau-  604.  Dotali.   Received  as  La- 

rio,  from  Gr.  a^vu,  to  draw.  vinia's  dower. 

597.    Lumina  tegit.      As  if  to  608.  Anna  est.   Anna  en,  Heins. 

shut  out  the  sight  of  danger.  610.    Quo  fugiat.      In  order  to 

599.  Aliquam  humum.     In  op-  avoid   the  presence  of  the  betray- 

position  to  tumidas  vmlas,  supr.  er  and  deserter   of  her  deceased 

601.   Expositis   omnibus.      All  sister, 

having  disembarked.      '  Socios  de  612.  Cythere'ius  heros.  So  called 

puppibus  altis  Pontibus  exponit.'  from    Cythera,    now   Cerigo,    an 

Virg.^neid,\.267.  Hausta  perit.  island   on   the    coast    of    Laconia 

Sinks,  swallowed  up.  in  Peloponnesus,  sacred  to  Venus. 


ID.  MART.  161 

Perque  deos  comltes,  Jiac  nuper  sede  locates ; 

Saepe  meas  illos  increpuisse  moras. 
Nee  timui  de  morte  tamen  :  metus  abfuit  iste. 

Hei  mihi !  credibili  fortior  ilia  fuit. 
Ne  refer.     Adspexi  non  illo  pectore  digna  G20 

Vulnera,  Tartereas  ausus  adire  domos. 
At  tu,  seu  ratio  te  nostris  appulit  oris, 

Sive  deiis ;  regni  commoda  carpe  mei. 
Miilta  tibi  memores,  nil  non  debemus  Elissae. 

Nomine  grata  tuo,  grata  sororis,  eris.  625 

Talia  dicenti,  neque  enim  spes  altera  restat, 

Credidit,  errores  exposuitque  suos. 
Utque  domum  intravit  Tyrios  induta  paratus  ; 

Incipit  yEneas  ;  caetera  turba  silet ; 
Hanc  tibi  cur  tradam,  pia  causa,  Lavinia  conjux,  630 

Est  mihi :  consumpti  naufragus  hujus  opes. 
Orta  Tyro,  regnum  Libyca  possedit  in  era  : 

Q.uam  precor  ut  carae  more  soi'oris  ames. 
Omnia  pi'omittit,  falsumque  Lavinia  vulnus 

Mente  premit  tacita,  dissimulatque  fremens.  635 

Donaque  cum  videat  praeter  sua  lumina  ferri 

Multa  palam  ;  mitti  clam  quoque  multa  putat. 
Non  tamen  exactum,  quid  agat.     Furialiter  odit ; 

Et  parat  insidias,  et  cupit  ulta  mori. 
Nox  erat :   ante  torum  visa  est  adstare  sororis  C40 

Squalenti  Dido  sanguinolenta  coma  ; 
Et  fuge,  ne  dubita,  mcestum,  fuge,  dicere,  tectum. 

Sub  verbum  qucrulas  impulit  aiu'a  fores. 


617.  Meas  illos  increpuisse  mo-  cause.'     The  pious  ^neas,  hovv- 

ras.      See    Virg.  ^neid,  iv.  345,  ever,  does  not  descend  to  particu- 

et  seq.  lars. 

620.  Ne  refer.  Remind  me  not.  634.   Falsumque  vulnus.      The 

Adspexi.      See  Virg.  ^neid,  vi,  wound   of  unbelief ;    because  she 

450.  doubted  his  truth. 

622.     Seu  ratio,     Sive  Deus.  638.  Non  tamen  exactum.  '  It  is 

Whether  design  or  the  Deity.  not  certain    what   she   is    to   do  ; 

624.  Multa  tibi,  ^c,  '  Grateful,  she   madly  hates,    and  plans  her 

we  owe  much  to  you,  every  thing  secret    snare,    and    wishes,    when 

to  Eiissa ;    you  shall  be  welcome  revenged,  to  die.' 

for  your  own,   welcome  for  your  642.    Etfuge,  ^c.     Heufuge, 

sister's  sake.'  ne  dubita, funestum,  ait,   htufuge 

628.     Tyrios    induta    paratus.  tectum.      Heins, 

Clothed   in   her  Tyrian  attire  ;    a  643.    Sub  verbum.    Just  at  the 

robe  of  purple  and  gold.  word,  the  breeze  shook  the  creak- 

630.  Pia  causa.    «  A  righteous  ing  door. 

F  2 


162 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  III. 


Exsilit ;  et  velox  liumili  super  arva  fenestra 

Se  jacit.     Audacem  fecerat  ipse  timor.  645 

Quaque  metu  rapitur,  tunica  vclata  recincta, 

Currit,  ut  auditis  territa  dama  hipis. 
Corniger  hanc  cupidis  rapuisse  Numiclus  undis 

Creditur,  et  stagnis  occuluisse  suis. 
Sidonis  interea  niagno  clamore  per  agros  650 

Q,uaeritur.     Apparent  signa  nota?que  pedum. 
Ventum  erat  ad  ripas  :  inerant  vestigia  ripis. 

Sustinuit  tacitas  conscius  amnis  aquas. 
Ipsa  loqui  visa  est,  Placidi  sum  Nympha  Numici : 

Amne  perenne  latens  Anna  Perenna  vocor.  655 

Protinus  erratis  Iseti  vescuntur  in  agris  ; 

Et  celebrant  largo  seque  diemque  mero, 
Sunt  quibus  haec  Luna  est,  quia  mensibus  impleat  annum  : 

Pars  Themin,   Inachiam  pars  putat  esse  bovem. 


644.  Humili,  8fc.  From  her  low 
window  springs  upon  the  plain. 

645.  Tunica  recincta.  With  her 
robe  untied  ;  expressive  of  the 
haste  with  which  she  fled.  The 
phrase  is  used  in  a  similar  sense, 
Ovid.  Amor.  i.  5,  9,  and  Heroid. 
Ep.  2,  116,  '  Castaque  fallaci  zo- 
na recincta  manu.'  It  may  be  ex- 
plained also  by  succincta,  girt, 
tucked  up,  to  contribute  to  her 
speed,  but  the  former  is  the  more 
correct  interpretation. 

647.  Duma.  From  Gr.  liT/^a. 
metus,  th.  lulu.  It  is  used  as  mas- 
culine by  Virgil,  Georg  iii.  539, 
'  timidi  damae,  cervique  fugaces,' 
to  avoid,  says  Servius,  an  01/-010- 
TiXivrov. 

648.  Corniger.  An  epithet  ap- 
j)lied  in  common,  by  Greek  and 
Latin  writers,  to  rivers,  from  the 
noise  and  strength  of  their  waters, 
the  winding  of  their  currents,  &c. 
Numicius.  a  river  in  Latium. 

650.  Sidonis — idis.  The  Sido- 
nian,   Anna. 

653.  Sustinuit  tacitas  aquas. 
Stilled  its  silent  waters.  Tenues. 
Zulich. 

655.  Amne  perenne.  In  a  per- 
ennial river ;  whence  it  would  ap- 


pear she  was  called,  according  to 
the  poet,  Anna  Perenna.  A  more 
probable  etymology  may  be  col- 
lected from  vs.  1 45 — 6,  and  532, 
supr.  and  the  form  of  supplica- 
tion adopted  at  her  festival.  '  Ut 
annare  et  perennare  commode  li- 
ceret  ;'  Macrob.  Saturn,  i.  12  ; 
'  that  it  might  be  allowed  them 
lo  pass  happily  the  whole  year 
round.' 

656.  Erratis  in  agris.  In  the 
fields  that  had  formerly  been  tra- 
versed in  the  search  for  Anna, 
or  which  they  traversed  in  imita- 
tion and  remembrance  of  those 
who  sought  her. 

657.  Et  celebrant.  And  they 
do  honour  to  themselves  and  to 
the  day,  by  a  profusion  of  wine, 
as  supr.  533. 

658.  Sunt  quibus,  ^c.  And  was 
confounded  sometimes  with  Lu- 
na, because  the  latter  was  also 
perennis,  quia  mensibus,  &c. 
continuing   the  whole  year  round. 

659.  Thevnn.  According  to 
Hyginus,  the  daughter  of  .^ther 
or  Jupiter,  and  Terra,  and  the 
goddess  who  instructed  mankind 
in  the  established  principles  of 
piety   and  justice,    ra  T'JiifiUu.  ; 


ID.  MART. 


163 


Invenies,  qui  te  Nymphen  Allan ti da  dicant ; 

Teque  Jovi  primos,  Anna,  dedisse  cibos. 
Hasc  quoque,  quam  referam,  nostras  pervenit  ad  auras 

Fama :   nee  a  vera  dissidet  ilia  fide. 
Plebs  vetus,   et  nuUis  etiamnum  tuta  Tribunis, 


660 


she  had  a  temple  and  an  oracle  in 
Boeotia  near  the  Cephisus,  and 
from  her  Deucalion  received  the 
counsel  by  which  he  repeopled 
the  earth  after  the  deluge.  The- 
min  is  the  Greek  accus.  as  Nym- 
phen, infr.  Inachiam  bovem.  lo, 
daughter  of  Inachus,  king  of  the 
Argives,  and  priestess  of  Juno, 
was  changed  into  a  heifer  by  Ju- 
piter, whose  afTections  she  had 
gained,  in  order  that  she  might 
be  enabled  to  elude  the  jealousy 
of  his  wife.  She  could  not  how- 
ever, escape  the  vigilance  or  the 
vengeance  of  Juno,  and  after  se- 
vere persecution,  and  many  wan- 
derings, she  arrived  in  Egypt, 
where  she  prayed  to  Jupiter  to 
restore  her  to  her  original  form. 
Afterwards  she  married  Osiris, 
king  of  Egypt,  and  treated  her 
subjects  with  such  lenity,  that 
she  received  divine  honours  after 
her  decease,  under  the  name  of 
Isis. 

GdO.  Nymphen  Atlantida.  Some 
identified  her  with  a  nymph,  one 
of  the  daughters  of  Atlas,  said 
to  have  attended  Jove  in  his  in- 
fancy. 

662.  Hac  quoque.  The  poet 
assigns  another  reason  for  the 
celebration  of  the  festival  in  ho- 
nour of  Anna  Perenna. 

664.  Nullis  etiamnum  tuta  Tri- 
bunis. The  disputes  between  the 
Patricians  and  Plebeians,  on  ac- 
count of  the  persecution  and 
bondage  to  which  the  latter  were 
subjected  from  their  insolvency, 
'  propter  nexos  ob  ses  alienum,' 
Liv.  i.  23,  led  to  their  subsequent 
secession  from  Rome,  at  the  in- 
stigation  of     Sicinius,    to    Mons 


Sacer,  three  miles  distant  from 
the  city,  a.u.  250.  Before  they 
could  be  prevailed  on  to  return, 
they  agreed  for  a  remission  of 
debts  for  such  as  were  unable  to 
pay  ;  liberty  for  those  who  had 
been  enslaved  by  their  creditors, 
nexi ;  and  that  they  should  be  al- 
lowed to  appoint  magistrates  of 
their  own,  to  protect  their  rights, 
whose  persons  should  be  inviola- 
ble, sacrosancti ,-  Liv.  iii.  33,  65  ; 
Dionys.  vi.  89  ;  they  were  called 
Tribunes,  either  from  Tribunus, 
the  commander  of  a  tribe,  so 
called  by  Romulus,  (puXa^x's  ^'^^ 
T^iTva^X"^'  Dionys.  ii.  7,  or  be- 
cause they  were  elected  tribuum 
suffragio,  Forcel.  or  according  to 
Varro,  because  they  were  chosen 
from  amongst  the  military  tri- 
bunes. In  the  nature  and  duties 
of  their  oflnce,  they  resembled 
the  Spartan  Ephori.  Their  great 
power  consisted  in  the  negative 
voice,  intercessio,  which  they  were 
privileged  to  exercise  upon  the 
proceedings  of  the  senate  and 
magistrates,  whose  laws,  decrees, 
&c.  were  valueless,  unless  stamp- 
ed with  the  T,  the  token  of  the 
Tribunes'  sanction.  They  were 
at  first  two  in  number,  created  at 
the  Curiata  Comitia,  who  chose, 
according  to  Livy,  ii.  33,  three 
colleagues.  They  were  elected 
for  the  first  time  at  the  Comitia 
Tributa,  A.u.  283  ;  and  a.u.  297. 
ten  were  created,  Liv.  iii.  30, 
two  from  each  class,  to  which 
number  they  subsequently  adher- 
ed. The  first  encroachment  upon 
their  almost  unlimited  power, 
was  made  by  L.  Sylla,  who  was 
indignant  at  their  having  espous- 


164 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  III. 


Fugit ;  et  in  Sacri  vertice  mentis  erat.  665 

Jam  quoque,  quern  secum  tulerant,  defecerat  illos 

Victus,  et  humanis  usibus  apta  Ceres. 
Orta  suburbanis  qua?dam  fiiit  Anna  Bovillis 

Pauper,  sed  multae  sedulitatis,  anus. 
Ilia,  levi  mitra  canos  redimita  capillos,  670 

Fingebat  tremula  rustica  liba  manu. 
Atque  ita  per  populum  fumantia  mane  solebat 

Dividere.     Ha;c  ])opuIo  copia  grata  fuit. 
Pace  domi  facta  signum  posuere  Perennae, 

Quod  sibi  defectis  ilia  Uilisset  openi.  675 


ed  the  cause  of  C.  Marius  in  the 
civil  wars  ;  he  deprived  them  of 
every  privilege  except  that  of  in- 
tercession. After  Sylla's  death, 
their  authority  was  fully  restored, 
hut  only  to  be  abused  ;  for  they 
became  the  mere  venal  instru- 
ments of  the  ambitious  and  the 
turbulent.  Julius  Caesar  found 
them  eminently  serviceable  in 
promoting  his  designs  while  in 
progress,  but  when  he  had  at- 
tained his  object,  he  reduced 
them  to  a  mere  name,  and  de- 
prived them  of  their  office  at  will ; 
*  potestate  privavit,'  Suet.  Jul. 
78.  Augustus  managed  to  have 
the  tribuuitian  power  solely  vest- 
ed in  himself,  and  made  ample 
use  of  all  the  advantages  which 
it  had  at  any  time  possessed.  It 
empowered  him  to  convene  the 
senate  ;  assemble  the  people  ; 
decide  upon  all  appeals,  and  ren- 
dered his  person  sacred  and  in- 
violable. Succeeding  emperors 
continued  to  turn  this  power  to 
good  account,  and  although  the 
tribunes  were  still  elected,  their 
influence  was  utterly  gone  ;  '  in- 
anem  umbram,  et  sine  honore  no- 
men. 'P//ra.  Ep.  i.  23.  They  were 
finally  abolished  altogether,  along 
with  some  other  ancient  offices, 
by  Constantine. 

For  the  return  of  the  people 
to  the  city,  upon  the  quaint  coun- 
sel of  Menenius  Agrippa,  see 
Liv.  ii.  32. 


668.  Bovillis.  An  old  town  of 
Latium,  on  the  Appian  way,  so 
called,  a  bove,  from  an  ox  which 
escaped  from  an  altar  on  the  Al- 
ban  Mount,  where  it  was  about 
to  be  sacrificed,  and  was  caught 
upon  the  site  of  this  town  ;  or, 
according  to  others,  from  hilie, 
i.  e.  intestina,  because  the  ox  had 
been  first  wounded  by  the  knife 
of  the  priest,  and  fled  as  far  as 
the  town,  with  its  entrails  pro- 
truded, thence  called  BohillcE,  id. 
quod  BovillcE,  Non.  Marcell.  1 1  ; 
called  suburbanas,  merely  from  its 
vicinity  to  Rome,  or  probably  to 
distinguish  it  from  a  town  of  the 
same  name  in  Campania,  near 
Sinuessa.  It  was  not  a  town  of 
any  note,  whence  Persius  ;  '  Ac- 
cede Bovillas,  Clivumque  ad 
Virbi.'  Sat.  vi.  55. 

670.  Levi  mitra.  With  a  light 
turban  ;  Scaliger,  in  Copam  Vir- 
gilii,  says  that  the  mitra  was  pe- 
culiar to  old  women,  whence  lie 
infers  that  Copa  should  be  class- 
ed amongst  them  ;  «  Copa  Syris- 
ca,  caput  Graia  redimita  mitella, 
&c.  Virg.  Opiisc.  Copa  ;  see 
Fast.  iv.  491.  Mitra,  from  Gr. 
//,'iroT,  liciuin,  was  a  species  of 
head-dress  common  to  the  Per- 
sians, Egyptians,  &c. 

674.  Perennce.  Probably  in 
sign  of  her  being  perennis,  never 
falling,  from  the  help  she  afford- 
ed them  iu  their  exigency,  sibi 
defectis. 


ID.  MART. 


165 


Praeteriturus  eram  gladios  in  Principe  fixos ; 

Cum  sic  a  castis  Vesta  locuta  focis  : 
Ne  dubita  meminisse :  mens  fuit  ille  Sacerdos. 

Sacrilegae  tells  me  petiere  manus. 
Ipsa  virum  rapvii,  simulacraque  nuda  reliqui.  680 

Quae  cecidit  ferro,  Caesaris  umbra  fuit. 
Ille  quidem  coelo  positus  Jovis  atria  servat ; 

Et  tenet  in  Magno  templa  dicata  Foro. 
At  quicunque  nefas  ausi,  prohibente  deorum 

Numine,  polluerant  pontificale  caput,  685 

Morte  jacent  merita.     Testes  estote  Philippi ; 


676.  Prateriturus  eram  The 
j)oet  was  about  to  omit  mention- 
ing the  assassination  of  Csesar  on 
the  ides  of  March,  when  he  was 
reminded  by  Vesta. 

C78.  Mens  fuit  ille  sacerdos.  By 
virtue  of  his  having  been  Pon- 
tifex  Maximus,  on  whom  it  was 
particularly  incumbent  to  take 
charge  of  the  sacred  rites  of 
Vesta  ;  supr.  n.  144.  inmed.  and 
415. 

679.  Me  petiere.  Aimed  at  me  ; 
uci,<tuse  they  disregarded  the 
sanctity  of  her  priest. 

680.  Simulacraque  nuda  His 
mere  semblance,  or  external  form, 
because  Cfesar  himself  was  car- 
ried up  to  heaven  by  Vesta,  Ipsa 
virum  rapui. 

682.  Atria  servat.  Servo  is 
used  poetically  to  signify  to  dwell 
in  or  inhabit,  as  supr.  and  Virg. 
j^neid,  vii.  52,  •  tantas  servabat 
filia  sedes.'  Georg.  iv.  383, 
'  Nymphse,  Centum  quae  silvas 
et  flumina  servant.' 

68-3.  Magno  Foro.  The  chief  of 
all  the  F'ora,  called  Kar  l^ax.'nv, 
Romanum,  Magnum,  or  Vetus ; 
where  three  years  after  Csesar's 
death,  u.  c.  712,  a  temple  was 
consecrated  to  him. 

684.  Nefas.  Because  he  was 
Pontif.  Max.  Prohibente  Deorum 
numine.  The  death  of  Caesar  is 
said  to  have  been  preceded  by 
strange  and   numerous  prodigies. 


According  to  Strabo,  a  vast  flame 
seemed  to  issue  from  the  Land 
of  a  soldier's  servant  without 
doing  him  any  mischief ;  when 
Caesar  was  sacrificing,  the  victim 
was  found  to  have  no  heart,  which 
was  believed  to  be  sometimes 
wanting,  (though  it  was  known 
that  an  animal  could  not  live  with- 
out one,  Cic.  Divin.  ii.  16,)  and 
when  such  was  the  case,  it  was  in- 
terpreted as  an  evil  omen  ;  whence 
the  Haruspex  Spurinna  warned 
Caesar  '  to  beware  the  ides  of 
March  ;'  extraordinary  noises 
were  heard  in  the  night  ;  strange 
birds  flew  into  the  forum,  and 
lights,  with  armies  engaged  in 
battle,  were  seen  in  the  air ;  thus 
commented    upon    by     Casca  -. 

'  Either  there  is  a  civil  strife  in  heaven. 
Or  else  the  world,  too  saucy  with  the  god5. 
Incenses  them  to  send  destruction — 
When  these  prodigies 
Do  so  conjointly  meet,  let  not  men  say. 
These  are  their  reasons — they  are  natural ; 
For,  I  believe,  they  are  portentous  things. 
Upon  the  climate  that  they  point  upon.' 
Shaksp.  Jul.  Css. 

The  portents  which  are  said  to 
have  immediately  succeeded  his 
decease,  are  detailed  at  length. 
Georg.  i.  466. 

686.  Morte  jacent  merita.  This 
alludes  to  Brutus  and  Cassius 
particularly  ;  but  it  is  said  of  the 
conspirators  generally,    that   not 


J  66 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  III. 


Et  quorum  sparsis  ossibus  albet  humus. 
Hoc  opus,  haec  pietas,  haec  prima  elenienta  fuerunt 
Caesaris  ;  ulcisci  justa  per  arma  patrem. 

DEC.  SEPT.  KAL.  APR.  SCORPIOS  MEDIUS  OCCIDIT. 

PosTERA  cum  teneras  Aurora  refecerit  Iierbas  ;  690 

Scorpios  a  prima  parte  videndus  erit. 

DEC.   SEXT.  KAL.  APR.   LIBERALIA. 

Tertia  post  Idus  lux  est  celeberrima  Baccho. 


one  of  them  survived  Caesar  three 
years.  Philippi.  A  city  of  Mace- 
donia, ou  the  confines  of  Thrace, 
at  the  foot  of  Mount  Pangaeus, 
and  close  to  the  ^lEgean  sea.  It 
was  anciently  called  Datos,  hut 
having  heen  fortified  by  Philip 
of  Macedon,  against  the  incur- 
sions of  the  Thracian  barbarians, 
it  received  the  name  by  which  it 
is  celebrated  in  history.  It  was 
here  that  Brutus  and  Cassias  were 
defeated  by  Augustus  and  An- 
tony, in  consequence  of  which 
Cassius  commanded  one  of  his 
own  freed  men  to  dispatch  him, 
and  Brutus  shortly  after  fell  by 
his  own  hand. 

688.  Prima  elemerda  Ccesaris. 
The  earliest  lesson  of  Augustus 
Caesar. 

690.  Postera  aurora,  xvii.  Kal. 
April.   March  16th. 

691.  Scorpios.  One  of  the 
twelve  signs  of  the  Zodiac,  con- 
sisting of  one  and  twenty  stars, 
between  Libra  and  Sagittarius  ; 
from  its  great  size  it  was  said  to 
occupy  the  room  of  two  signs, 
whence  its  claws  chelce,  were  con- 
founded with  Libra  ;  '  Est  locus 
in  geminos  ubi  brachia  contrahit 
ardens  Scorpios,  et  cauda,  flexis- 
que  utrinque  lacertis,  Pnrrigit  in 
spatium  sio-norum  membra  duo- 
rum.'  Ovid.  Metam.'n.  195.  Some 
of  the   ancients,  in    consequence, 


did  not  acknowledge  Libra  at  all, 
and  reckoned,  like  the  Chaldeans, 
but  eleven  signs  in  the  Zodific  ; 
the  Chaldeans  divided  the  eclip- 
tic unequally,  appointing  twenty 
degrees  to  some  of  the  signs,  and 
forty  to  others  ;  the  Egyptians, 
who  reckoned  twelve  signs,  allot- 
ting thirty  degrees  to  each.  Ac- 
cording to  Hyginus,  Poet.  Astron. 
ii.  26,  when  Orion  boasted  of  his 
prowess  as  a  hunter,  Tellus,  in- 
dignant at  bis  vaunting,  sent  a 
scorpion  to  sting  him,  in  conse- 
quence of  which  he  died.  Jupiter 
raised  the  scorpion  to  the  skies, 
as  a  lesson  to  the  vain-glory  of 
mankind  ;  at  the  entreaty  of  Di- 
ana the  same  honour  was  bestow- 
ed upon  Orion,  on  condition  that 
he  should  set,  in  token  of  fear, 
when  the  scorpion  rose.  A  Prima 
parte.  The  fore  part  will  be  visi- 
ble, tlie  rest  having  set. 

692  Tertia  post  Idus.  The 
commentators  generally  suppose 
the  poet  to  have  committed  an 
error  here,  since  it  is  certain  that 
the   festival  of  Minerva  was  held 

XIV.  Kal.  April,    and  as  one  dav, 

XV.  Kal.  April,  only,  infr.  783, 
intervened  between  it  and  the 
Liberalia,  the  latter  should  take 
place  XVI.  Kal.  April,  which  they 
reckon  as  the  Sfcond  day  after  the 
ides,  and  not  as  in  the  text,  Ter- 
tia, &c.     It  is,  however,  not  uuu- 


DEC.   SEXT.  KAL.   APR. 


167 


Bacche,  fave  vati,  dum  tua  festa  cano. 
Nee  referam  Semelen  :  ad  qnam  nisi  fulniina  secum 

Jupiter  afFerret,  parvus  inermis  eras  :  695 

Nee,  puer  ut  posses  matnio  tempore  nasei, 

Expletum  patrio  eorpore  matris  onus. 
Sithonas,  et  Seythicos  longum  enumerare  triumphos, 

Et  domitas  gentes,  turifer  Inde,  tuas. 
Tu  quoque  Thebanae  mala  praeda  tacebere  matris  :         700 

Inque  tuum  Furiis  acte,   Lyeurge,  genu. 
Ecce  libet  subitos  pisces  Tyrrhenaque  monstra 

Dieere.     Sed  non  est  carminis  hujus  opus. 


sual  with  the  poet  to  include  the 
day  from  which  he  reckons,  as  for 
example,  Fast.  ii.  n.  449,  by  which 
the  difficulty  is  cleared  at  once, 
the  tertia  post  idus  beiiisr  explain- 
ed as  the  XVI.  Kal.  April,  March 
17  th. 

694.  Semelen.    See  supr.  449. 

695.  Parvus  inermis  eras.  Par- 
tus inermis  eras.      Heins. 

697.  Expletvm.      Perfected. 

698.  Sithonas.  A  people  of 
Thrace,  subdued  by  Bacchus. 

70U.  ThebuncB  mala  prcedn  ma- 
tris. Pentheus,  king  of  Thebes, 
son  of  Echiou,  who  was  torn  in 
pieces  by  his  mother  Agave,  and 
her  sisters  Ino  and  Autonoe,  for 
his  contempt  of  the  orgies  of 
Bacchus,  which  he  forbade  his 
subjects,  on  pain  of  death,  to 
celebrate.      Ovid.  Metam.  in, 

701.  Lycurye.  Son  of  Dryas, 
king-  of  Thrare  ;  he  denied  tiie 
divinity  of  Bacchus,  and  banish- 
ed him  from  his  kingdom,  for 
which  lie  was  punished  by  the 
gods  with  a  tit  of  insanity,  durinir 
which  he  put  his  wife  and  son  to 
dertth,  and  cut  off  his  own  legs, 
mistaking  them  for  vine-branches, 
whence  inque  tuum  acte  genu. 
He  was  murdered  by  his  subjects, 
who  were  informed  by  an  oracle 
that  they  should  not  taste  any 
wine  until  Lycuigus  was  slain. 
Others  say  that  he  was  torn  in 


pieces  by  panthers,  sacred  to 
Bacchus,  because  he  set  out  on 
his  Indian  expedition  clothed  in 
panthers'  skins,  on  Rhodope,  a 
miiuntain  of  Thrace.  The  Abbe 
Banier  infers  trom  this  and  simi- 
lar fables,  connected  with  Bac- 
chus, which  are  detailed  at  lentrih 
in  the  third  and  fourth  liooks  of 
the  Metamorphoses,  that  the  wor- 
ship of  this  deity  met  with  great 
opposition  in  Greece,  and  his 
ministeis  were  obli;i^ed  in  conse- 
quence to  work  upon  that  mate- 
rial, which  is  scarcely  ever  found 
to  fail  the  mischievous  and  de- 
signing, ignorance  and  supersti- 
tion. 

702.  Subitos  pisces.  It  is  said 
that  some  Tuscan  sailors  found 
Bacchus  one  day  asleep  after  a 
fit  of  drunkenness,  and  that  they 
carried  him  on  board  their  vessel 
to  sell  him  as  a  slave.  The  god 
growing  sober,  and  finding  that 
they  were  not  steering  towards 
Is'axos,  where  they  promised  to 
land  him,  transformed  them  into 
dolphins.  According  to  Bochart, 
this  fable  arose  from  the  wreck 
of  a  Tuscan  merchantman  off 
Naxos,  whose  prow  was  carved 
like  a  dolphin,  or  tlie  fish  called 
tursio,  a  porpoise  or  sea-hog,  and 
whose  crew  having  treated  Bac- 
chus and  his  worship  with  con- 
tempt, was  punished  accordingly. 


168 


FASTORU.M,  LIB.  III. 


Carminis  hujus  opus,  causas  expromere,  quare 

Vilis  anus  populos  ad  sua  liba  vocet.  705 

Ante  tuos  ortus  arae  sine  honore  fuerunt, 

Liber,  et  in  gelidis  herba  reperta  focis. 
Te  memorant,  Gange  totoque  Oriente  subacto, 

Primitias  niagno  seposuisse  jovi. 
Cinnama  tu  primus  captivaque  tura  dedisti.  710 

Deque  triumphato  viscera  tosta  bove. 
Nomine  ab  auctoris  ducunt  libamina  nomen. 

Libaque  :  quod  sacris  pars  datur  inde  focis. 
Liba  deo  fiunt,  succis  quia  dulcibus  ille 

Gaudet,  et  a  Baccho  mella  reperta  t'erunt.  715 

Ibat  arenoso  Satyris  comitatus  ab  Hebro  : 

Non  habet  ingratos  fabula  nostra  jocos  : 
Jamque  erat  ad  Rhodopen,  Pangaeaque  florida  ventum  : 

^riferae  comitum  concrepuere  manus. 
Ecce  novse  coeunt  volucres  tinnitibus  actae :  720 


705.  Vilis  anus.  The  poet  pro- 
ceeds to  account  for  this  custom 
observed  at  tlie  Festival  of  Bac- 
chus, when  old  women  carried 
about  cakes  of  their  own  manu- 
facture, sua  liba,  which  they  in- 
\'ited  the  people  to  buy,  and  made 
an  offerin?  for  the  purchaser,  by 
placing  a  fragment  of  the  cake 
on  the  altar.  Vitisator  populus, 
Sfc.  Maz.  Zulich.  Ursin. 

706.  Ante  tuos  ortus.  Before 
your  nativity. 

708.  Gange.  See  supr.  n.  463. 

710.  Cinnama,  Cinnamon  or 
canella,  the  bark  of  a  tree  grow- 
ing in  .Ethiopia.  Captiva.  Be- 
cause it  was  the  produce  of  con- 
quered India. 

712.  Nomine  ah  auctoris.  Sc. 
Liber ;  libum,  however,  whence 
libamina,  is  correctly  derived  from 
Xii(itd,  fundo,  succis  quia  dulcibus, 
Src.  infr. 

716.  Satyris.  The  usual  atten- 
dants of  Bacchus,  called  else- 
where '  prseviam  Dei  turbam.' 
Hebro.  A  river  of  Thrace,  fall- 
ing into  the  ^gean  sea,  to  the 
north  of  Samothrace. 

718.  Florida.     Covered  with 


flowers,  and  of  course  a  favourite 
resort  for  the  bees.  Illse  conti- 
nuo  saltus  sylvasque  perajrrant, 
Purpureosque  metunt  flores.' 
Virg.  Georg.  iv.  53.  Pangaaq. 
fiumina  centum.      A). 

7 1 9.  JEriferce.  Bearing  cym- 
bals ;  which  were  made  of  brass 
and  hollowed,  whence  '  aera  ro- 
tunda Cybeies.'  Propert.  Con- 
crepuere.    Clashed  together. 

720.  Nova.  Because  till  then 
unknown.  Volucres.  Winged  in- 
sects. Tinnitibus  acta.  Urged  by 
the  tinkling  sounds  ;  Tinnitus- 
que  cie,  et  Matris  quate  cymbala 
circum.'  Georg.  iv.  64.  The  noise 
of  brazen  vessels  is  still  in  use, 
to  induce  swarms  of  bees  to  set- 
tle ;  Aristotle  doubts  whether 
they  hear  it  at  all,  or  if  so,  to 
what  the  effect  produced  by  the 
noise  is  owing ;  "'Ern  fi'ivroi  ahn- 
Xov  'iXu;  I'lTi  aKovovriti,  iln  firi»  xai 
rr'tiTi^ov  fi  S('  nhovny  toZto  ■zfaiovrit 
n  lia  (pijiov.  Varro  ascribes  it  al- 
together to  fear  ;  Circumtinni- 
endo  pere,  perterritas  quo  voluerit 
perducet ;'  with  whom  Columel- 
la :  '  Nam  statim  sono  territum 
vel  in  frutice,  vel  in  editiore  syl- 


DEC.  SEXT.  KAL.  APRIL. 


169 


Quaque  movent  sonitus  «era,  sequuntur  apes. 
Colligit  errantes,  et  in  arbore  claudit  inani 

Liber  :  et  inventi  praemia  mellis  habet. 
Ut  Satyri  laevisque  senex  letigere  saporem  ; 

Qiiaerebant  flavos  per  nemiis  omne  favos.  725 

Audit  in  exesa  stridorem  examinis  ulmo  : 

Adspicit  et  ceras  dissimulatque  senex. 
Utque  piger  pandi  tergo  residebut  asclli ; 

Applicat  hunc  ulmo  corticibusque  cavis. 
Constitit  ipse  super  ramoso  stipite  nixus  ;  73  0 

Atque  avide  trunco  condita  mella  petit. 
Millia  crabronum  coeunt ;  et  vertice  nudo 

Spicula  defigunt,  oraque  summa  notaiit. 
Ille  cadit  praeceps,  et  calce  feritur  aselli : 

Inclamatque  suos,  auxiliumque  rogat.  735 

Concurrunt  Satyri,  turgentiaque  era  parentis 

Rident.     Percusso  claudicat  ille  genu. 
Ridet  et  ipse  deus :  limumque  inducere  monstrat. 

Hie  paret  monitis,  et  linit  ora  Into. 
Melle  pater  fruitur  :  liboque  infusa  calenti  740 

Jure  repertori  Candida  mella  damns. 


vae  fronde  considet,  et  a  vestiga- 
tore  praeparato  vase  reconditur.' 
Pliny  differs  from  both  ;  '  Gau- 
dent  plausu  atque  tinnitu  ijeris, 
eoque  convocantur.'  Actce,  Ictce, 
Burmann ;  because  the  former 
might  be  understood  de  abactis 
vel  fvgatis. 

T2.A.  LcBvisque  senex.  '  The 
bald  old  man,'  Silenus,  the  nurse, 
attendant,  and  preceptor  of  Bac- 
chus ;  said  to  be  the  son  of  Pan, 
or  according  to  others,  of  Mer- 
cury, or  Terra ;  born  at  Malea 
in  Lesbos.  Divine  honours  were 
paid  him  after  death,  and  a  temple 
consecrated  to  him  in  Elis.  He 
is  generally  represented  as  old 
and  bald,  gross  in  size,  riding  up- 
on an  ass,  wearing  a  garland  of 
flowers  and  continually  inebriated. 
Silenus,  from  Gr.  (rikkalyuv,  pe- 
tulanter  ludere. 

725.  Flavos.  Dulcc.  Vatic. 
^iveos.    Al. 

726.  Stridorem  examinis.    The 


humming  of  a  swarm  ;  but  not 
such  as  he  expected,  as  appears 
from  the  result. 

727.  Dissimulat(jue.  In  order 
that  he  might  have  the  prize  all 
to  himself 

728.  Pandi.  Bending  with  the 
weight  of  the  demi-god. 

730.  Ramoso  stipile  nixus. 
Nexus.  Petav.  Anibros.  Hein- 
sius  proposes  nexum,  referring  it 
to  the  ass,  Constitit  ipse  super, 
ramoso  stipite  nexum,  he  stood 
himself  upon  the  ass,  which  was 
tied  to  the  branchy  trunk. 

732.  Crabronum.  Wasps  or 
hornets. 

7.36.  Turgentiaque.  Swollen 
with  the  stings. 

738.  Limum  inducere.  To  smear 
his  face  with  mire. 

740.  Pa*er.  Bacchus.  Liboque, 
8rc.  And  we  justly  offer  to  the 
discoverer,  clear  honey  spread  up- 
on the  warm  cake. 


Q 


170 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  III. 


Fcemina  cur  praestft,  non  est  rationis  operta;. 

Feemineos  thyrso  concitat  ille  chores. 
Cur  anus  hoc  faciat,  quaeris  ?  vinosior  iEtas 

Haec  est,  et  gravidas  munera  vitis  amans.  745 

Cur  hedera  cincta  est  ?  hedera  est  gratissima  Baccho  ; 

Hoc  quoque  cur  ita  sit,  dicere  nulla  mora  est. 
Nysiades  Nyinphas,  puerum  quaerente  noverca, 

Hanc  frondem  cunis  opposuere  novis. 
Restat,  ut  inveniam,  quare  toga  libera  detur  750 

Lucif'ero  pueris,  candide  Bacche,  tuo. 


742.  PrcEstet.  sc.  Ad  sua  liba 
vocet,  supr.  705.  Prasit,  Al. 

743.  Feemineos  choros.  The 
Maenades,  Bacchants,  &c.  Thyr- 
so. The  wand  of  Bacchus,  encir- 
cled with  ivy  and  vine. 

746.  Cur  hedera.  The  old  wo- 
man wore  a  garland  of  ivy. 

748.  Nysiades.  From  Nysa,  a 
city  of  Arabia,  where  the  infant 
Bacchus  was  entrusted  to  the 
Nymphs  by  Jove.  Noverca.  Juno, 
who  sought  for  him  to  destroy 
him,  and  avenge  herself  for  the 
infidelity  of  Jove. 

749.  Hanc  frondem,  sc.  ivy. 
Cunis  novis.  Upon  the  ciadle  of 
the  infant.  Cistis  7iovis.  Ham- 
burg. Apposuisse  7iovis.  Heins. 

750.  l^oga  libera.  So  called, 
because  when  it  was  assumed, 
the  restraint  of  masters,  see  infr. 
75"2,  ceased,  '  totaque  impune 
Subuvra  Permisit  sparsisse  oculos 
jam  canJidus  umbo.'  Pers.  Sat. 
5,  32,  called  also  pura,  because 
it  was  perfectly  white,  am!  virilis, 
significant  o(  the  age  at  which 
the  toga  prcelexta,  the  gown  worn 
by  young  men  until  seventeen 
years  old,  was  changeit.  The  ce- 
remony of  changing  the  toga  was 
performed  with  great  solemnity, 
ill  presence  of  the  Lares;  'ante 
dcos  libera  sumj)ta  toga.'  Propert. 
iv.  J  •32,  and  upon  this  occasion 
the  bulla  also,  a  lioUow  golden 
bail,  or  boss,  either  in  the  shape 
(jf  a  heart,  or  with  a  heurt  en- 


graved upon  it,  worn  round  the 
neck  in  boyhood,  was  hung  up  in 
honour  of  these  deities ;  '  bulla 
rudi  dimissa  est  aurea  collo. ' 
Propert.  ibid.  '  Cum  primum  pa- 
vido  custos  mihi  purpura  cessit, 
Bullaque  succinctis  laribus  dona- 
ta  pependit.'  Pers,  Sat.  5,  30. 
Upon  assuming  the  toga  virilis, 
the  young  men  went  immediately 
to  the  Capitol,  or  some  of  the 
temples,  to  pray  to  the  gods: 
they  were  then  conducted  to  the 
Forum,  accompanied  by  their 
friends,  whose  attendance  upon 
this  occasion  was  called  officium 
solenne  toga  virilis,  and  there  re- 
commended some  eminent  orator 
whom  they  should  study  to  imitate, 
whence  they  were  said  Jbrumattin- 
gere,  or  in  forum  venire,when  they 
began  to  attend  public  business  j 
to  this  probably  Horace  alludes ; 
'  sive  jubebat  Ut  facereni  quid, 
Habes  auctorem  quo  facias  hoc  ; 
Unum  ex  judicibus  selectis  obji- 
eiel  at. '  Sat.  i.  4,  1 22. 

751.  Lucifero  tuo.  On  the  day 
of  your  festival.  Tiiis  was  called 
also  Dies  toga  virilis,  Suet.  Aug. 
66,  or  Dies  tirocinii.  Suet.  Tib. 
54,  and  the  conducting  of  the 
young  men  to  the  forum,  tiroci- 
nium, from  tirones,  a  name  giveji 
to  voung  soldiers  wiien  they  first 
began  to  serve  in  the  army.  Cic. 
Phil.  xi.  15,  whence  tiro  signifies 
a  learner  or  novice.  Candide.  sc. 
» aperit  pr<ecordia  Liber.' 


DEC.   SEXT.   KAL.   APRIL. 


171 


Sive,  quod  ipse  puer  semper  juvenisque  videris  ; 

Et  media  est  aetas  inter  utrumque  tibi : 
Seu  quia  tu  pater  es  ;  patres  sua  pignora,  natos 

Commendant  curae  numinibusque  tuis.  755 

Sive,  quod  es  Liber,  vestis  quoque  libera  per  te 

Sumitur,  et  vitae  liberioris  iter. 
An  quia,  cum  prisci  colerent  studiosius  agros, 

Et  patrio  faceret  rure  senator  opus  ; 
Et  caperet  fasces  a  curvo  consul  aratro,  760 

Nee  crimen  duras  esset  habere  manus ; 
Rusticus  ad  ludos  populus  veniebat  in  Urbem  ? 

Sed  dis,  non  studiis  ille  dabatur  honos. 
Luce  sua  ludos  uvae  commentor  habebat, 

Quos  cum  tffidifera  nrmc  habet  ipse  dea.  765 

Ergo,  ut  tironem  celebrare  frequentia  possit, 

Visa  dies  dandae  non  aliena  togae. 
Mite,  pater,  caput  hue  placata  que  cornua  vertas  ; 

Et  des  ingenio  vela  secunda  meo. 
Itur  ad  Argeos ;  qui  sint,  sua  pagina  dicet.  770 


752.  Sive,  Sfc.  The  poet  de- 
tails the  probable  reasons  why 
the  celebration  of  the  Liberalia 
was  the  period  for  the  assuming 
of  the  toga  virilis. 
753.  Media  cetas.  sc.  adolescentis. 

760.  Et  caperet  fasces,  SfC.  As 
was  the  case  with  Cincinnatus 
and  others. 

761.  Duras.  Hardened  by  la- 
bour. 

76.3.  JVo7i  studiis.  Not  on  their 
pleasures,  but  on  the  gods,  was 
that  respect,  ille  ludorum  honos, 
evinced  by  the  games,  conferred. 

764.  Luce  sua.  Upon  his  own 
festival ;  see  infr.  nunc  habet,  &c. 
Uva  commentor.  The  author  of 
the  vine. 

765.  Tcedifera  Dea.  Ceres,  so 
called  because  she  lighted  two 
torches  at  Mount  JEtna,  to  con- 
tinue by  night  her  search  through 
Sicily  for  her  daughter  Proser- 
pine, who  had  been  carried  away 
by  Pluto,  while  gathering  flowers 
in  the  plains  of  Enna;  hence 
2a2»i/;^c/,  the  name  given   to  her 


priests,  because  they  carried 
torches  at  her  festival ;  see  also 
Class.  Die.  Eleusinia,  for  the  at- 
tendants of  the  Hierophant,  Sa- 
^ovxos,  K-i^ui,  &c.  By  nunc  habet 
ipse,  is  to  be  understood  that  for- 
merly upon  this  day  the  festival 
of  Bacchus  only  was  held,  when 
Luce  sua,  ^c.  supr.  ;  but  subse- 
quently the  Cerealia,  or  festival 
of  Ceres,  ,was  celebrated  conjoint- 
ly with  that  of  Bacchus,  and  not 
without  reason,  as  they  repre- 
sented the  harvest  and  the  vint- 
age, which  were  justly  considered 
as  inseparable  as  they  were  im- 
portant. 

166.Tirone7n,Sfc.  That  a  crowd 
might  do  honour  to  the  novice, 
this  day  seemed  not  unfavorable 
for  the  conferring  of  the  gown. 

768.  Placata.  With  mild  in- 
tent. Pacata.   Heins. 

769.  Vela  secunda.  As  Fast.  i. 
4,  &c. 

770.  Itur.  For  the  purpose  of 
sacrificing.  Argeos.  Argei,  cer- 
tain  places   in    Rome,   so  called 


172 


FASTORUM,  LIB.   III. 


Hac,  si  commcniini,  pr?eteritaque  die- 
Stella  Lycaoniam  vergit  proclivis  ad  Arcton 

Miluus.     H<EC  ilia  nocte  videnda  venit. 
Quid  dederit  volucri,  si  vis  cognoscere,  coelum  ; 

Saturnus  regnis  ab  Jove  pulsus  erat. 
Concitat  iratus  validos  Titanas  in  arma, 

Quaeque  fuit  fatis  debita,  poscit  opera. 
Matre  satus  Terra,  monstrum  mirabile,  taurus 

Parte  sui  serpens  posterior  fuit. 
Hunc  triplici  muro  lucis  incluserat  atris 

Parcarum  monitu  Styx  violenta  trium. 
Viscera  qui  tauri  flamniis  adolenda  dedisset, 

Sors  erat,  aeternos  vincere  posse  deos. 
Immolat  hunc  Briareus  facta  ex  adamante  securi 


nt 


780 


because  they  had  been  the  burial 
ground  of  some  illustrious  Ar- 
gives,  {Argeus  and  Argivus  being 
synonymous.  ♦  Tibur  Argeo  posi- 
tum  c'llono.'  Horat.)  who,  under 
the  conduct  of  the  Grecian  Her- 
cules, had  antiently  settled  in  La- 
tium ;  consecrated  by  Numa; 
<  Multa  alia  sacrificia,  locaque 
sacris  faciendis,  qufe  Argeos  pou- 
tifices  vocant,  dedicavit.'  Lie.  i. 
21,  Varr.  L.  L.  8.  According  to 
others,  Argei  means  the  temple 
of  the  Spartan  deities,  Castor 
and  Pollux.  See  Fast.  v.  565. 
Sua  pagina.  This  must  either 
allude  to  an  account  of  the  Ar- 
gei, contained  in  the  books  of  the 
Fasti  which  have  been  lost,  or  it 
must  be  interpreted,  '  Their  own 
histor)',  or  records.'  It  cannot 
refer  to  the  Argei  mentioned  in 
book  V,  which  all  the  authorities 
of  any  consequence  unite  in  des- 
cribing as  distinct  from  the  places 
mentioned  above ;  Varro,  for  ex- 
ample, affirming  that  these  Argei 
were  scattered  through  the  city, 
whereas  the  ceremony  detailed  in 
book  V.  should  be  limited  to  the 
Pons  Sublicius,  whence  they  flung 
the  Argei,  figures  stuffed  with 
straw,  into  the  river. 

771.  Hac  prateritaque  die.  On 
the  XVII.  and  xvi.  Kal.  April. 


772.  Lycaoniam  ad  Arcton. 
See  Fast.  ii.  N.  156.  Proclivis. 
Declivis.  A\.  Proclinis.  Francof. 
Declinis^.A\. 

773.  Miluus.  The  kite,  changed 
to  a  constellation  for  the  reason 
detailed  in  the  text,  rises  acrony- 
cally  ou  the  night  of  the  xvii. 
Kal.  April.  Ilia  node.  On  the 
night  of  the  former  of  the  two 
days  mentioned  supr.  766. 

776.  Titanas.  Giants,  sons  of 
Titan  and  Terra. 

777.  Quceque  fuit  fatis  debita. 
See  infr.  777.  Dedita.   Al. 

781.  Parcarum.  Clothe,  La- 
chesis  and  Atropos,  daughters  of 
Erebus  and  Nox,  called  Parca. 
KccT  avTitpoatriv,  quod  minime  par- 
cant.    Violenta.    Relentless. 

782.  Viscera,  Sec.  '  Whoever 
should  have  presented  the  entrails 
of  the  bull  to  be  consumed  upon 
the  fires,  the  oracle  declared  that 
he  should  be  enabled  to  get  the 
better  of  the  immortal  gods,' 

784.  Briareus.  A  giant,  son 
of  Titan,  or  according  to  some, 
of  jEther  and  Terra;  so  called 
from  Gr.  fi^7,  valde,  and  "A^ri;, 
Mors,  or  from  (ioia^o;,  validus. 
He  is  described  by  the  poet  as 
having  a  hundred  liands  and  fifty 
stomachs.  According  to  Homer, 
Briareus   was  admitted   into    fa- 


DEC.   QUART.   KAL.  APRIL.  173 

Et  jamjam  flammis  cxta  daturus  erat.  785 

Jupiter  alitibus  rapere  imperat.     Attulit  illi 
Miluus  :  et  meritis  venit  in  astra  suis. 

DEC.  QUART.   KAL.    APR.    MINERV.E  CAPTiE  FESTUM, 
QUINQUATRIA,  ET  TUBILUSTRIUM  MARTIS. 

Una  dies  media  est ;  et  fiunt  sacra  Mincrvae  : 
Nominaque  a  junctis  quiuque  diebus  liabent. 


vour  with  Jupiter  again,  when 
by  the  advice  of  Thetis  he  was 
summoned  from  the  infernal  re- 
gions to  assist  Jove  against  Pal- 
las, Juno,  and  others  of  the  dei- 
ties who  had  conspired  against 
him.  riiad,  i.  401.  Adamante, 
from  Gr.  a  non,  and  %af/.cL^io,  domo, 
properly  a  diamond,  but  used  fre- 
quently, as  in  the  text,  to  signify 
any  very  hard  substance. 

786.  Attulit  illi  Miluus.  And 
thus  prevented  the  oracle's  being 
fultilled  in  favour  of  Briareus. 

788.  Una  dies  media  est.  One 
day  intervenes,  sc.  XV.  Kal.  Apr!, 
and  on  the  xiv.  Kal.  April,  IVLirch 
19th,  the  festival  of  Minerva  was 
celebrated. 

789.  Nominaque,  Sfc.  Accord- 
ing to  the  poet,  the  festival  of 
Minerva  was  called  Quinquatria, 
because  it  lasted  for  five  days, 
quinque  dies,  in  succession,  on  the 
first  of  which  the  sacrifices  were 
offered,  and  the  four  remaining 
were  devoted  to  gladiatorial  shows. 
Others  assert  tiie  shows  to  have 
taken  place  on  the  second,  third, 
and  fourth  days,  and  the  fifth 
day  to  have  been  appointed  for 
the  purification  of  the  city, 
whence,  Quinquatria,  a  quinquan- 
do,  i.  e.  lustrandu.  Varro  and 
Festus  account  for  the  name  in 
consequence  of  the  festival  liav- 
ing  fallen  on  the  fifth  day  from 
the  ides,  (i.  e.  including  the  ides, 
as  has  been  already  observed,) 
in  the  same  way  that  the  Tuscan 


festivals  were  called  Triatriis, 
Sexatrus,  Septimatrus,  or  Sep- 
tenatrus,  and  with  the  Falisci, 
Decimatrus,  according  as  tliey 
occurred  on  the  third,  sixth,  se- 
veuth,  or  tenth  day  from  the  ides. 
Varro  further  asserts  that  the 
Quinquatria  lasted  but  one  day, 
in  which  he  is  joined  by  Festus, 
who  adds  that  it  is  alike  incor- 
rect to  allow  five  days  to  the 
Quinquatria,  as  three  to  the  Sa- 
turnalia or  Compitalia,  for  they 
took  up  but  one  day  each.  He 
also  differs  from  the  poet,  who 
makes  the  xiv.  Kal.  April,  the 
birth-day  of  Minerva,  and  there- 
fore appointed  for  her  festival, 
asserting  that  it  was  in  conse- 
quence of  a  temple  liaving  been 
upon  this  day  consecrated  to  her 
ou  Mount  Aveiitine.  It  is  said 
that  an  interchange  of  gifts  took 
place  between  Iriends  at  this 
time,  and  tiiat  matrons  waited 
upon  tlieir  maids,  as  masters  did 
upon  their  slaves  at  the  Satur- 
nalia. By  some  writers  the  Quin- 
quatria are  identified  with  the 
Panathenaea,  festivals  in  honour  of 
Minerva  at  Athens,  first  insti- 
tuted by  Erectheus  or  Orpheus, 
and  called  Athenaea,  and  renewed 
by  Theseus,  who  caused  them  to 
be  celebrated  by  all  the  tribes  of 
Athens,  whom  he  had  united, 
thence  called  Panathenaea.  Like 
the  Quinquatria,  tbey  were  also 
divided  into  greater  Panathenaea, 
and  lesser,  fiiyaXu  and  /uix.^a,  and 
U  - 


174 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  III. 


Sanguine  prima  vacat :  nee  fas  concurrere  ferro.  790 

Causa,  quod  est  ilia  nata  Minerva  die. 
Altera  tresque  super  strata  celebrantur  arena. 

Ensibus  exsertis  belliea  IcCta  dea  est. 
Pallada  nunc  pueri,  tenerieque  ornate  puellae. 

Qui  bene  jjfacarit  Pallada,  doctus  erit.  795 

Pallade  placata,  lanam  mollite  puella;  ; 

Discite,  jam  plcnas  exonerare  colos. 
Ilia  e tiara  stantes  radio  pecurrere  telas 

Erudit ;  et  rarum  pectine  denset  opus. 
Hanc  cole,  qui  maculas  kesis  de  vestibus  aufers  :  800 

Hanc  cole,  vtlleribus  quisquis  ahena  paras. 


held  at  different  periods  of  the 
year.  For  the  Quiiiquatrus  Mi- 
nores,  see  Fast.  vi.  590. 

790.  Nee  fas  concurrere  furro. 
Gladiators  were  not  permitted  on 
the  first  day  of  the  festival,  for 
the  reason  in  the  text.  They 
were  first  publicly  exhibited  at 
Rome  by  two  brothers,  called 
Bruti,  at  their  father's  funeral  ; 
A.u.  490,  lAv.  xvi.  Vider.  M:i.v. 
ii.  4,  7,  and  for  a  time  they  were 
confined  to  such  ociasi.»ns ;  but 
subsequently  they  were  exhibit- 
ed by  the  majfistrates  tor  the  en- 
tertainment of  tlie  people  ;  '  Mu- 
nera  nunc  eduut  et  verso  poUice 
vulgi,  Quern  libet  occidunt  popu- 
lariter.'  JaveiKil,  3,  4(),  chiefly 
at  tlie  Saturnalia  and  Quinquatria. 

792.  Altera,  tresque.  The  se- 
cond and  three,  sc.  four.  Super 
strata  arena.  The  place  wliere 
the  gladiatois  fouji^ht  was  called 
arena,  because  it  was  sprinkled, 
strata,  with  sand  or  saw-dust,  to 
prevent  tiieir  slippiuff  and  to  ab- 
sorb the  blood  ;  and  the  coniba- 
taats  Arenarii.  Arena  is  some- 
times used  to  signify  the  whole 
amphitheatre. 

794.  Ornate.  Celebrate ;  dur- 
ing the  Quinquatria,  there  were 
contests  for  prizes  in  poetry  and 
oratory  ;  whence  Juvenal ;  '  Elo- 
quium  ac  famam  Demosthenis  aut 
Cicerouis  Incipit  optare,  et  totis 


Quinquatribus  optat,  Quisquis 
adhuc  uno  partani  colit  asse  Mi- 
nervam.'  Sat.  10,  Il-"3. 

79a.  Placarit  Pallada.  Shall 
have  propitiated  Pallas. 

796.  Lanam  mollite.  Comb  the 
wool. 

797.  Exonerare  colos.  h.e.  neudo 
colli?  pensum  detrahere,  Forcel. 
to  relieve,  by  spinning,  the  distaff 
o'  its  weight  of  wool  or  flax. 

798.  Stantes  telas.  sc.  Stamina; 
see  Fast.  ii.  N.  6j3,  in  fin.  Hence 
the  recta,  Gr.  o^i}-/i  luHh;,  a  tunic 
wrought  by  one  standing  upright. 
Forcel, ;  parents  used  to  prer^ent 
such  to  their  sons,  as  being  omi- 
nous of  uood.  i?e^i7/a,  diinin.  of 
recta.  Radio  percurrere  To  cross 
with  the  shuttle. 

799.  Rarum  pectine  denset  opus. 
Closes  with  the  slay  the  open 
work.  Pccten,  the  siay  of  a  wea- 
ver's loom,  resembles  a  comb, 
through  the  teeth  of  which  the 
threads  of  the  stamen,  the  warp 
or  chain,  pass;  when  the  woof 
subiemen,  runs  with  the  shuttle, 
across  the  stamen,  the  successive 
transverse  threads  are  made  to 
close  upon  each  other  by  the  ac- 
tion of  the  pecten. 

800.  Qui  maculas,  Sfc.  Address- 
ing the  fullers,  and  in  the  next 
line  the  dyers,  velleribus  quisquis, 
t^cc.  Ahena,  the  brazen  vessels,  in 
which  the  dye  stuff  was  prepared. 


DEC.  QUART.  KAL.  APRIL. 


175 


Nee  qnisquam  invita  facial  bene  vincula  plantae 

Pallade  ;  sit  Tychio  doctior  ille  licet. 
Et  licet  antique  manibus  collatus  Epeo 

Sit  prior  ;  irata  Pallade  mancus  erit. 
Vos  quoque,  Phcebea  morbos  qui  pellitis  arte, 

Munera  de  vestris  pauca  referte  deae. 
Nee  vos  turba  feri,  censu  fraudata,  magistri 

Spernite  ;  discipulos  attrahit  ilia  novos. 
Qiiique  moves  cslum,  tabulamque  coloribus  uris 


805 


810 


802.  Vincula plantcE.    Sandals, 

803.  Tychio.  A  celebrated  ar- 
tificer of  Hyle  in  Boeotia,  who 
made   the   sliield  of  Ajax;   XaX- 

T£t/;^&)v;  Iliad,  vi'i.  219.  The  poet 
appears  to  have  come  to  a  rather 
hasty  coiulusion  upon  the  niean- 

illg  of  ^zuroriftcov  o^  aonrro;,  Ibid. 
when  he  would  interpret  what 
upon  consideration  would  seem 
to  imply  the  repute  of  Tychius  as 
an  armourer,  merely  as  a  eulogy 
upon  his  distinction  as  a  cobbler. 

804.  Manibus.  In  mechanical 
work.  Epeo.  Sou  of  Panopeus, 
and  the  builder  of  the  wooden 
horse  in  which  the  Grecians  were 
concealed  when  it  was  drawn  into 
Trov,  'ipse  doli  fabricator  Epcos.' 

J^irff,  jEneid,  ii.  :264. 

805.  Mancus.  Incompetent  ; 
chiefly  applied  to  one  who  has 
lost  the  use  of  a  hand ;  '  Mancus 
et  extincta  corpus  non  utile  dex- 
tra.'  Juvenal,  3,  48. 

806.  Phcebea  arlt.  The  medi- 
cal art,  of  which  Apollo  was  pa- 
tron. 

808.  Nee  vos,  &-c,  '  Neither  do 
you,  crowd  of  stern  masters, 
cheated  of  your  dues,  despise 
her  ;  she  brings  you  new  pupils.' 
It  is  right  to  mention  that  the 
above  line,  Nee  vos,  8fc.  has  oc- 
casioned great  perplexity  to  the 
commentators,  by  whom  it  has 
been  considerably  tortured.  The 
reading   in    the    text    has    been 


adopted  as  the  most  simple  and 
obvious;  a  parallel  to  feri  ma- 
(jistri  i  with  which  turba  is  in 
apposition  ;  occurs,  Horat.  Ep. 
ii.  1,  79,  '  Memini  quae  plaiz^osum 
mihi  parvo  Orbilium  dictare,'and 
to  censu  fraudata,  in  Juvenal,  7, 
2"28,  '  Kara  taraen  merces,  quse 
cognitione  tribuni  Non  egeat — ' 
praeced.  et  seq.  By  the  census  is 
to  be  understood  the  minerval, 
the  teacher's  fee,  or  entrance 
money,  so  called  either  because 
an  image  of  Minerva  was  set  up 
in  the  schools,  over  which,  as  the 
goddess  of  wisdom,  she  was  sup- 
posed to  preside,  or  because  this 
was  the  particular  period  at  which 
it  was  paid  ;  whence  an  accession 
of  pupils  would  be  an  object  to 
the  master,  di-cipulos,  &c.  It  is 
to  be  supposL'd  that  the  sum  was 
not  very  considerable  ;  '  Quisquis 
adhuc  uno  partam  colit  asse  Ali- 
nervam.'  Juvenal,  Sat.  10,  116, 
and,  '  cum  se  verterit  annus,  ac- 
cipe,  victuri  popiilus  quod  postu- 
lat,  aurum.'  Id.  Sat.  8,  242. 

810.  Quique  moves  calam.  The 
engraver ;  calum,  an  instrument 
to  cut  or  engrave  Vfith,  a  tool 
used  in  carving  or  graving ;  a 
style,  burin,  or  chisel  ;  Gr.  yXt/- 
<pi7ov,  lyxozciii; ;  th.  koi'ao;,  cavus 
or  caelatus.  Tabulamque  coloribus 
uris.  Explained  correctly  hv  the 
French  commentator,  trar'iiller 
en  email,  to  enamel,  or  variegate 
with  colors  fixed  by  fire. 


176 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  Ill 


Qulquc  facis  docta  mollia  saxa  man». 
Mille  Dea  est  operum  :  certe  dea  carminis  ilia  est. 

Si  mereor,  studiis  adsit  arnica  meis. 
Ccelius  ex  alto  qua  mons  desccndit  in  a^quum, 

Hie  ubi  non  plana  est,  sed  prope  plana  via  est ; 
Parva  licet  videas  Captae  delubra  Minerva?, 

Qua}  Dea  natali  coepit  habere  suo. 
Nominis  in  dubio  causa  est.     Capitale  vocanrnis 

Ingenium  sellers  :  ingeniosa  dea  est. 
An,  quia  de  capitis  fertur  sine  matre  paterni 

Vertice  cum  clypeo  prosiluisse  suo  ? 
An,  quia  perdomitis  ad  nos  captiva  Faliscis 

Venit ;  et  hoc  ipsum  llttera  prisca  docet  ? 
An,  quod  habet  legem,  capitis  qua?  pendere  pcenas 

Ex  illo  jubeat  f'urta  reperta  loco  ? 


815 


820 


811.  Quiguefacis,  §-c.  '  And 
you  who  mould, /acis  mollia,  the 
marble  with  a  master  hand,'  sc. 
the  sculptor:  'vivos  ducent  de 
marmore  vultus,'  Virg.  ^neid,  vi. 
848.  Possibly  the  poet  may  al- 
lude to  that  perfection  in  the  art 
which  made  Pygmalion  enamour- 
ed of  his  own  creation  ; 

'  A  very  virgin  in  her  face  was  seen. 
And  had  she  movM,  a  living  maid  had 

been: 
One  would  have  thought  she  could  have 

stirr'd,  but  strove 
With  modesty,  and  was  ashametl  to  move. 
Art  hid  with  art,  so  well  performed  the 

cheat. 
It  caught  the  carver  with  his  own  deceit.' 

CONGREVE. 

81 4.  yEquum.  jEqnor.  A\. 

815.  Hie  ubi,  §-c.  Where  the 
way  is  not  level,  but  nearly  so, 
i.e.  the  temple  was  situated  just 
at  the  foot  of  the  hill. 

816.  CaptcE  Minerva.  The  poet 
proceeds  to  detail  the  probable 
origin  of  this  title,  and  it  must 
be  confessed  his  conjectures  are 
none  of  the  happiest.  The  com- 
mentators, with  their  usual  sub- 
tlety, propose  various  readings ; 


amongst  the  rest,  castte,  although 
it  is  quite  evident  that  captce  was 
the  difficulty  that  struck  the  poet 
himself,  from  his  attempts  at  ex- 
plaining it.  According  to  Festus 
a  place  which  was,  Ictjitime  con- 
stitutus,  ordained  in  due  form,  for 
sacrifices,  was  called  captus  locus, 
a  consecrated  spot ;  whence  captct 
delubra  Minerva,  may  be  inter- 
preted, the  temple  of  the  conse- 
crated Minerva,  or  it  may  be  used 
for  capta  delubra,  Min.  the  hal- 
lowed shrine  of  Minerva. 

817.  Qua  Dea,Sfc.  This  tem- 
ple was  consecrated  on  Minerva's 
birth-day. 

818.  Capitale.  Shrewd,  cun- 
ning. Forcel.  Capitalis,  eravis,  et 
capita  rerum  attingens.  Munut. 

820.  An,  quia,  &fc.  A  second 
reason,  de  capitis  vertice,  &c. 

8'22.  Faliscis.  A  people  of 
Etruria,  whose  city  Falisca  was 
built,  according  to  Pliny,  by  Ha- 
lesus  an  Argive ;  colonised  by 
the  Romans  after  they  had  con- 
quered it.  Littera  prisca.  The 
ancient  records. 

824.  An,  quod  habet,  Sec.  Or 
because  there  is  a  law  that  thieves, 
furta,  who  were  detected  there, 
ex  illo  loco,  should  suffer  capital 


DEC.   QUART.   KAL.  APRIL. 


177 


A  quacunque  trahis  ratione  vocabula,  Pallas  ; 

Pro  Ducibus  nostris  aegida  semper  habe. 
Sunima  dies  e  quinque  tubas  liistrare  canoras 

Admonet,  et  forti  saciificare  Dese. 


SOL  IN  ARIETE. 

Nunc  potes  ad  solem  sublato  dicere  vultu  : 
Hie  bere  Phryxeae  vellera  pressit  ovis. 

Seminibus  tostis  sceleratae  fraiide  novercae 
Sustulerat  nuUas,  ut  solet,  herba  comas. 

Mittitur  ad  tripodas,  certa  qui  sorte  reportet, 


83 


punishment,  capitis  poenas.  So 
Festus ;  '  Capitalis  locus,  ubi  si 
quid  violatum  est,  capite  violato- 
ris  expiatur.'  Furta  is  used  in  the 
text  for fures ;  see  supr.  N.  274. 

827.  Pro  Ducibus  nostris.  Ti- 
berius and  Germanicus.  jEgida. 
The  shield  of  Minerva,  so  called 
from  Gr.  aiyU,  pellis  caprina,  be- 
cause it  was  covered  with  the  skin 
of  the  goat  Amalthea,  that  suck- 
led Jupiter.  It  is  sometimes  used 
like /on'ca,  to  signify  a  breastplate, 
or  coat  of  mail ;  '  Ut  pariter  pec- 
tus pcsitamque  in  pectore  forti 
.^gida  concuteret ;'  Ovid.  Me- 
tam.  ii.  753,  de  Pallade.  In  the 
passage,  '  Credunt  se  vidisse  Jo- 
vem,  cum  ssepe  nigrantem  ^gida 
concuteret  dextra,  nimbosque  ci- 
eret.'  Virg.  jEneid,  viii.  354,  it  is 
argued  by  some  that  a-gida  signi- 
fies a  storm,  and  that  it  is  derived 
in  this  sense  from  alyi^a,  inipetu 
fero,  which  comes  from  aiyn.  pro- 
cella,  th.  oi'iirtru,  ruo  ;  also  that  if 
it  was  a  shield,  it  would  not  be 
said  concuteret  dextra,  and  further 
that  Apuleius,  De  Mund.  uses 
catcegis,  in  a  similar  sense ;  this, 
however,  is  opposed  by  others, 
who  read  dextra  with  nimbosque 
cieret.  In  this  shield  was  set  the 
Gorgon's  head,  ^gida,  the  Gr. 
accus. 

828.  Summa  dies,  Sfc.  The  last 
day  of  the    five   was   devoted  to 


the  Tubilustrium,  or  purification 
of  the  trumpets  used  in  the  sa- 
cred rites.  On  this  occasion  a 
lamb  was  sacrificed  in  a  place 
called  Atrium  Sutorium,  which 
apparently  means  the  hall  of  shoe- 
makers, or  tanners,  but  where  or 
what  it  really  was,  does  not  ap- 
pear :  Panvinius,  in  his  descrip- 
tion of  the  city,  merely  mentions 
its  name.  The  Tubilustrium  was 
celebrated  a  second  time  on  the 
X.  KaL  Jun, 

829.  Forti  Dea.   Pallas. 

831.  Bic  here,  Sfc.  On  the  xv, 
Kal.  April,  March  18th,  the  sun 
enters  Aries,  and  spring  sets  in. 
Pressit.  Weighed  down,  see  Fast. 
ii.  N.  339,  for  the  force  of  this  ex- 
pression. Pknjxece  ovis.  The 
origin  of  this  constellation  is  de- 
tailed in  the  text,  Cf.  Metam.  vii. 
7,  Tacit.  Ann.  vi.  34. 

832.  Novercce.   Ino. 

833.  Comas.  Coma  telluris  sunt 
herbse,  flores,  et  segetes,  quibus 
tellus  ornatur,  quemadmodum 
coma  caput  hominis ;  flowers, 
herbage,  &c.  Forcel. 

834.  Tripodas.  The  sacred  tri- 
pod in  the  temple  of  Apollo  at 
Delphi,  here  put  for  the  temple 
itself.  The  tripus,  Gr.  r^izirou; 
was  a  seat  or  table,  with  three 
legs,  upon  which  the  priestess 
sat  while  delivering  the  responses 


178 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  III. 


Quam  sterili  terrae  Delpliicus  cdat  opem.  8.35 

Hie  quoque  corruptus  pro  semine  nuntiat  Helles 

Et  juvenis  Phryxi  funera  sorte  peti. 
Utque  recusantem  cives,  et  tempus,  et  Ino 

Compulerunt  regem  jussa  nefanda  pati ; 
Et  soror,  et  Phryxus  velati  tempora  ramis,  840 

Stant  simul  ante  aras,  junctaque  fata  gemunt. 
Adspicit  hos,  ut  forte  pependerat  aethere,  mater  ; 

Et  ferit  attonita  pectora  nuda  manu  : 
Inque  draconigenam  nimbis  comitantibus  urbem 

Desilit ;  et  natos  eripit  inde  suos.  845 

Utque  fugam  rapiant,  aries  nitidissimus  auro 

Traditur.     Ille  vehit  per  freta  longa  duos. 
Dicitur  infirma  cornu  tenuisse  sinistra 

Fcemina ;  cum  de  se  nomina  fecit  aquae. 
Pene  simul  periit,  dum  vult  succurrere  lapsae,  850 

Prater,  et  extentas  porrigit  usque  manus. 
Flebat,  ut  amissa  gemini  consorte  pericli, 
Cseruleo  junctam  nescius  esse  dec. 


of  the  oracle.  Certa  sorte.  By 
a  distinct  or  infallible  answer. 
Sede.    Francof. 

835.  Delpliicus,  Apollo,  so 
called  from  Delphi,  the  seat  of  his 
most  celebrated  temple  and  oracle. 

83b.  Hie.  The  messenger. 
Corruptus,  bribed  by  Ino.  Pro 
semine,  instead  of  bringing  word 
upon  the  subject  of  the  seed, 
quam  sterili  terrcE,  Sfc.  Corruptus 
cum  semine.   A\. 

838.  Tempus.  The  unfavour- 
able season. 

842.  Ut  forte  pependerat  cethere. 
Their  mother  Nepliele  having 
been  changed  into  a  cloud,  vapixri, 
while  she  was  floating  in  the  air, 
beheld  her  children  about  to  be 
sacrificed. 

844.  Draconige.nam  urbem. — 
Thebes  in  Boeotia,  built  by  Cad- 
mus. See  Fast.  i.  n.  440.  Having 
found  the  heifer  as  described  by 
the  oracle,  he  sent  his  companions 
to  bring  water  from  a  neighbour- 
ing grove  to  prepare  for  a  sacri- 
fice to  Apollo.     The  fountain  to 


which  they  went  was  sacred  to 
Mars,  and  guarded  by  a  dragon, 
which  was  found  by  Cadmus 
when  he  went  to  search  for  them, 
feeding  on  the  bodies  of  his  asso- 
ciates. He  attacked,  and  over- 
came the  dragon,  with  the  assist- 
ance of  Minerva,  and  sowed  its 
teeth  in  the  plain.  Armed  men 
immediately  sprung  from  the 
ground,  who  fought  until  they 
had  all  fallen  but  five,  with  whose 
assistance  Cadmus  built  the  city, 
thence  called  Draconigenam.  Dra- 
conigenum,  Scalig.  Draconigeram. 
Al. 

846.  Nitidissimus  auro.  Glit- 
tering with  a  golden  fleece. 

847.  Traditur.  By  Mercury. 
Natal.  Com.  Freta  longa,  the  Hel- 
lespont, which  hence  received 
its  name,  infr.  cum  de  se  nomina, 
&c. 

852.  Gemini  pericli.  In  allu- 
sion to  the  sacrifices,  supr.  stant 
simul  ante  aras,  and  the  perilous 
mode  of  their  escape. 

853.  Cfpruleo  Deo.      The  god 


UNDEC.  KAL.   APRIL. 


179 


Littoribus  tactis  aries  fit  sidus  :  at  hujus 

Pervenit  in  Colchas  aurea  lana  domos.  855 

UNDEC.  KAL.   APR.  iEQUINOCTIUM. 

Tres  ubi  Luciferos  veniens  praemiserit  Eos ; 
Tempora  nocturnis  aequa  diurna  feres. 

SEXT.  KAL.  APR.  JANI,  CONCORDIA  SALUTIS,  ET 
PACIS  FESTUM. 

Inde  quater  pastor  saturos  ubi  clauserit  hoedos, 

Canuerint  herbae  rore  recente  quater  ; 
Janus  adorandus,  curaque  hoc  Concordia  mitis,  860 

Et  Romana  Salus,  araque  Pacis  erit. 

PRID.  KAL.  APR.  LUN^  FESTUM. 

Luna  regit  menses.     Hujus  quoque  tempora  mensis 
Finit  Aventino  Luna  colendajugo. 


of  the  sea,  Neptune,  who  changed 
her  into  a  nymph. 

854.  Littoribus  tactis.  The  ram 
upon  landing,  was  changed  into  a 
constellation,  Phryxus,  however, 
brought  the  fleece  to  Colchis, 
whose  sovereign  ^etes  gave  him 
his  daughter  Chalciope  in  mar- 
riage, and  some  time  after  had 
Phryxus  put  to  death,  in  order 
that  he  might  secure  the  fleece 
for  himself.  Hence  arose  the  fa- 
mous Argonautic  expedition  un- 
der the  conduct  of  Jason. 

8j6.  Tres  ubi,  ffc.  '  When  the 
coming  morn,  veniens  Eos,  shall 
have  sent  its  herald  thrice,  the 
morning  star,  tres  Luciferos  ;'  lit. 
three  morning  stars,  which  pre- 
cede the  dawn,  whence  prcemise- 
rit.  The  third  day  after  the  festi- 
val of  Minerva,  xi.  Kal.  April, 
March  22d,  according  to  the  poet 
was  the  vernal  equinox,  Tempora 
nocturnis,  §'c. ;  in  the  ancient  ca- 
lendar it  is  marked  viii.  Kal.  Ap. 
March  25th. 

858.  Inde  quater,  ^c.  A  peri- 
phrasis, by  which  it  is  to  be  un- 
derstood that  when  four  complete 
days  had  passed,  after  the  equi- 


nox, the  festival  was  to  be  ob- 
served as  infr. 

860.  Ja7ius  adorandus.  On  the 
vr.  Kal.  April,  the  joint  festival 
of  Janus,  Concord,  Safety,  and 
Peace,  was  celebrated,  being,  ac- 
cording to  the  old  calendar,  the 
anniversary  of  the  conquest  of 
Alexandria  by  Julius  Csesar. 

—  Concordia.  There  were 
several  temples  of  Concord  in 
Rome.  The  first  and  most  re- 
markable, close  to  the  Capitol, 
was  begun,  agreeably  to  a  vow 
made  by  Caraillus,  on  the  occa- 
sion of  his  having  quelled  a  popu- 
lar disturbance  ;  finished  by  Livia, 
Fast.  vi.  579,  and  consecrated  by 
Tiberius.  Salus.  A  goddess, 
daughter  of  ^sculapius ;  her 
temple  was  built  and  dedicated, 
on  the  top  of  the  Quirinal  hill, 
by  C.  Junius  Bubulcus.  Araque 
Pads.  See  Fast.  i.  645.  The 
object  in  classing  these  deities  to- 
gether is  easily  apparent  from 
their  character  and  offices. 

863.  Aven.  Luna  colendajugo. 
A  temple  was  built  upon  Mount 
Aventine  during  the  reign  of  Ser- 
vius  TuUius,  to  Diana  or  Luna. 


p.  OVIDII  NASONIS 

FASTORUW 

LIBER  IV. 


Alma,  fave  vati,  geminorum  mater  Amorum. 

Ad  vatem  viiltus  rettulit  ilia  suos. 
Ciuid  tibi,  ait,  mecum  ?  certe  majora  canebas : 

Num  vetus  in  molli  pectore  viilnus  habes  ? 


1.  Alma  mater.  The  poet  com- 
mences the  following  book  with 
an  invocation  to  Venus,  to  whom 
the  month  of  April  was  consi- 
dered sacred.  Geminorum  Amo- 
rum, i.  e.  Cupidinum  :  some  of  the 
poets  speak  of  a  plurality  of  Cu- 
pids, Herat.  Od.  i.  12,  1,  Mater 
sseva  Cupidinum,'  and  Orph. 
JJl/nm.  'Tfiviif^sv  crzTiioitv  ■aroXvavu- 
uev  A<poi>yiviins,  Kai  zf/iynv  fiiyci- 
XriM  (iociTiXriiov.  h;  ctTsl  ■ru.vrii  'A^oeva- 
Tot  •VTi^oiVTis  uvifiXaffTrKrccv  ""EpaiTis' 

C'icero,  De  nat.  dear.  iii.  23,  men- 
tions three ;  the  first  the  son  of 
Diana  and  Mercury,  the  second 
of  Venus  and  Mercury,  and  the 
third,  Anteros,  (Amori  par  aut 
aque  venustus  ac  Amor,  quia  prse- 
positio  avr/  etiam  instar  significat ; 
Forcel. )  the  son  of  Venus  and 
Mars.  Other  writers  speak  of 
two  only,  the  celestial,  ccelestis, 
the  son  of  Venus  and  Jupiter, 
and  the  terrestrial,  vulgaris,  the 
son  of  Erebus  and  Nox,  who  are 
further  distinguished,  as  honestus 
and  turpis,  in  which  latter  sense 
some  understand  Anteros,  as  the 
opposite  of  Eros.     Plato,  in  Si/m- 


pos.  mentions   the  twin    Cupids 

as  supr. — \\veiyx,a.7ov  Ss  S»i  xa'i"E^u- 
To.  Tov  fjiXv  rn  iTi^a  (Tuvi^yoy,  'ravS'>i- 
/Aov,  vulgarem,  h^6ui  xxXtTir^ai,  rov 
Se  ou^uviov,  ccelestem ,-  Orpheus, 
also,  in  one  of  his  hymns,  uses 
the  term  S/ipuJ;  in  reference  to 
Cupid ;  so  Seneca,  in  (Edip.  v, 
500,  '  Concutit  tsedas  geminus 
Cupido  ;'  where  both  the  celes- 
tial and  terrestial  are  suitably 
introduced  at  the  marriage  of 
Bacchus,  a  deity,  with  Ariadne,  a 
mortal.  They  are  sometimes  dis- 
tinguished as  Cupido,  an  inordi- 
nate, as  opposed  to  Amor,  a  well 
regulated  affection  ;  '  Amabit 
sapiens,  cupient  cseteri ;'  Afran. 
apud  Nan,  c.  5,  n.  1 ,  '  Cupido  te 
conficit  anne  amor?'  Phut,  in 
fragm.  ibid.  '  Quo  Venus  Cupi- 
doque  imperat,  suadetque  Amor  ; 
Id.  in  Curcul.  1,  I,  3,  upon  which 
Servius,  ad  ^neid,  iv.  494,  '  Di- 
cendo  imperat,  violentiam  oslen- 
dit ;  Suadet  addendo,  moderatio- 
nera  signiticat.'  Founded  as  the 
polytheism  of  the  ancients  was, 
in  a  great  degree,  upon  the  dei- 
fying, if  it  may  be  so  called,  of 


'82 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  IV. 


Scis,  Dea,  respondi,  de  vulnere.     (Risit ;  et  aether 

Protinus  ex  ilia  parte  serenus  erat.) 
Saucius,  an  sanus,  numquid  tiia  signa  reliqui  ? 

Tu  niihi  propositum,  tu  mihi  semper  opus. 
Quae  decuit,  primis  sine  crimine  lusimus  annis  ; 

Nunc  teritur  nostris  area  major  equis. 
Tempora  cum  causis,  Annalibus  eruta  priscis, 

Lapsaque  sub  terras,  ortaque  signa  cano. 
Venimus  ad  quartum,  quo  tu  celeberrima,  mensem 

Et  vatem,  et  mensem  scis,  Venus,  esse  tuos. 
Mota  Cytheriaca  leviter  mea  tempora  myrto 

Contigit ;  et,  Cceptum  perfice,  dixit,  opus. 
Sensimus  ;  et  subito  causae  patuere  dierum  : 

Dum  licet,  et  spirant  flamina,  navis  eat. 
Siqua  tamen  pars  te  de  Fastis  tangere  debet, 

Caesar,  in  Aprili,  quo  tenearis,  habes. 
Hie  ad  te  magna  descendit  imagine  mensis ; 

Et  fit  adoptiva  nobilitate  tuns. 
Hoc  pater  Iliades,  cum  longum  scriberet  annum, 


10 


l') 


20         ! 


the  human  feelings  and  passions 
to  which  severally  were  assigned 
their  representative  gods,  it  is  a 
matter  of  little  wonder  that  two 
or  more  Cupids  were  considered 
necessary  to  define  the  various 
gradations  of  love. 

5.  Scis,  Dea.  Sein,  Dea  9 
Heins.  Sic,  Voss.  Arondel. 

10.  JVunc  teritur,  ^'c.  A  com- 
mon metaphor  with  the  poets, 
whence  Juvenal ;  '  Cur  tamen 
hoc  potius  libeat  decurrere  cam- 
po,  Per  quera  magnus  equos  Au- 
runcse  flexit  alumnus.'  Sat.  1,  19, 
20. 

11.  Tempora,  S(C.  So  Fast.  i. 
12. 

15.  Mjjrto.  This  tree  was  sa- 
cred to  Venus,  because,  accord- 
ing to  Servius,  ad  Eclog.  Virg.  7, 
62,  she  concealed  herself  in  a 
myrtle  when  she  first  rose  from 
the  sea,  that  none  might  behold 
her  naked ;  this  differs  slightly 
from  the  poet's  account,  infr. 
141.     A  temple  was  built  under 


the  Aventine  hill  to  Venus  Myr- 
tea,  called  also  Murcia,  from 
iiiyrtus.  Servius,  ad  Georq.  ii.  64. 
assigns  two  other  causes  for  the 
consecration  of  the  myrtle  to 
Venus,  one  because  it  flourishes 
best  by  the  sea  side,  '  A  mantes 
littora  myrtus,'  and  '  Littora 
myrtetis  gratissima,'  Georgs.  iv. 
and  ii. ;  and  the  other,  because 
it  was  prized  for  its  medicinal 
properties  in  the  diseases  of 
women. 

20.  In  Aprili.  Because  the 
Julian  family  into  which  Ger- 
manicus  had  been  adopted, 
(whence  adoptiva  nobilitate,  infr.) 
had  descended  from  Venus. 

21.  Magna  imagine.  In  allu- 
sion to  the  JUS  imaginum,  the  pri- 
vilege enjoyed  by  the  patrician 
families,  of  possessing  images  of 
their  ancestors  in  proof  of  their 
noble  descent. 

23.  Iliades.  Romulus,  the  son 
of  Ilia.  Longum  annum.  Simply, 
the  extended  year. 


APRILIS. 


188 


Vidit ;  et  auctores  rettulit  ipse  suos. 
Utque  fero  Marti  primam  dedit  ordine  sortem,  25 

Quod  sibi  nascenti  proxima  causa  fuit ; 
Sic  Venerem,  gradibus  multis  in  gente  repertam, 

Alterius  voluit  mensis  habere  locum. 
Principiumque  sui  generis,  revolutaque  quaerens 

Saecula,  cognatos  venit  adusque  Deos.  30 

Dardanon  Electra  nesciret  Atlantide  cretum 

Scilicet ;  Electran  concubuisse  Jovi  ? 
Hujus  Erichthonius ;  Tros  est  generatus  ab  illo; 

Assaracon  creat  hie  :  Assaracusque  Capyn. 
Proximus  Anchisen  ;  cum  quo  commime  parentis  35 

Non  dedignata  est  nomen  liabere  Venus. 
Hinc  satus  ^Eneas,  pietas  spectata  per  ignes, 

Sacra,  patremque  humeris  altera  sacra,  tulit. 
Venimus  ad  telix  aliquando  nomen  luli ; 

Unde  domus  Teucros  Julia  tangit  avos.  40 

Postumus  huic  ;  qui,  quod  silvis  fuit  ortus  in  altis, 

Sylvius  in  Latia  gente  vocatus  erat. 
Isque,  Latine,  tibi  pater  est :  subit  Alba  Latinum  : 


24.  Rettulit.  sc.  celehravit,  as 
infr.  27,  *  Sic  Venerem,'  &c. , 

26.  Proxima  causa.  The  im- 
mediate cause ;  opposed  to  gra- 
dibus multis,  infr. 

28.  Alterius  7nensis.  Of  the 
second  month. 

30.  Cognatos  Deos.  Venus 
and  Jupiter. 

31.  Dardanon,  Sfc.  Dardanus, 
the  son  of  Jove  and  Electra  the 
daughter  of  Atlas,  setting  out 
from  Coritus,  a  city  of  Etruria, 
or  according  to  others,  from  Phe- 
neus  in  Arcadia,  or  from  Crete, 
arrived  first  at  Samothrace  with 
his  brother  Jasius,  where  they 
divided  their  household  gods  be- 
tween them  and  Dardanus,  taking 
the  Palladium,  passed  over  into 
Phrygia,  where  he  founded  Troy. 
He  there  married  Batia,  or  As- 
tioche,  the  daughter  of  Teucer, 
by  whom  he  had  Ericthonius,  &c. 
Dardanon,  Gr.  accus.  as  Electran 
and  Anchisen,  infr.  I\^esciret,    sc. 


ecquis,  '  could  any  one  be  igno- 
rant ?' 

35.  Proximus.     Capys. 

38.  Altera  sacra.  '  A  second 
pious  charge  ;'  or  the  phrase  may 
be  used  in  allusion  to  the  divine 
honours  paid  to  Anchises  by  his 
son;  see  Virg.  jS^neid,  v.  45,  et 
seq. 

40,  Unde,  Sfc.  Whence  the  con- 
nexion arises  between  the  Julian 
family  and  their  Trojan  proge- 
nitors. 

41.  Postumus.  The  son,  ac- 
cording to  Virgil,  of  .lEneas. 

43.  Isque,  Latine.  Virgil  and 
others  make  Latinus  the  son  of 
^neas  Sylvius,  and  grandson  of 
Sylvius  Postumus,  whence  it  has 
been  conjectured  that  a  couplet 
is  wanting  in  the  text.  As  the 
poet  differs  in  some  degree  from 
Livy  and  Eusebius,  it  may  not 
be  amiss  to  contrast  the  genea- 
logies according  to  their  respec- 
tive authorities : 


184 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  IV. 


Proximus  est  titulis  Epytos,   Alba,  tuis. 
Ille  dedit  Capyi  recidiva  vocabula  Troja? ; 

Et  tuus  est  idem,  Calpete,  Cactus  avus. 
Cumque  patris  legnuni  post  hiinc  Tiberinus  haberet ; 

Dicitm-  in  Tuscse  gurgite  mersiis  aquae. 
Jam  tamen  Agrippan  genitum,  Remul unique  nepotem 

Viderat:  in  Remulum  fulmina  missa  t'erunt. 
Venit  Aventinijs  post  hos;  locus  unde  vocatus, 

Mens  quocjue  :  post  illirni  tradita  regna  ProcfC  : 
Quern  sequitur  diri  Numitor  germanus  Amuli : 


oil 


Livy 

JEnens 

Ascanius 

Sylvius 

.^neas 

Latinus 

Alba 

Atis 

Capys 

Capetus 

Tiberinus 

Agrippa 

Remulus 

Aventinus 

Proca 

Amulius 


Eusebius  Ovid 


Sylvius  A  this  Epitus 
Calpetus         Capetus 


Remulus 


Remulus 
Agrippa 


Procas  Proca 

Amulius         Numitor. 
—  Subit.    Succeeds. 

44.  Proximus  titulis  tuis.  '  Suc- 
ceeds to  your  dignity,'  sc.  as  sove- 
reign ;  titulus,  dimin.  of  titus,  Gr. 
TITOS,  th.  Tit»  konoro,  Forcel.  or 
from  tueor,  Fest. 

45.  Capyi.  The  eighth  king 
of  the  Albans,  who  reigned  for 
twenty-eight  years;  the  son  of 
Epitos,  according  to  the  poet ; 
Livy  makes  him  the  son  of  Atys, 
and  Eusebius  of  Sylvius  Athis. 
Recidiva  vocabula  Troja,  '  the 
restored  title  of  Troy,'  i.  e.  the 
revived  sovereignty  of  the  Tro- 
jan kings,  amongst  whom  appears 
a  namesake  ot  the  present  Capys, 
supr.  v.  34 ;  recidiva  is  a  term  in 
frequent  use  with  Virgil,  ^neid, 
iv.  344,  vii.  322,  x.  58,  where  it 
is  taken  by  Servius  and  other 
commentators  in    the   sense   as- 


cribed to  it  above  ;  Servius  seems 
to  derive  it  from  rec'ido,  re,  and 
ccedo,  which  the  quantit;  of  tlie 
second  syllalde  in  the  Wurd  itself 
cannot  adipit  of',  nor  indeed  the 
sense  of  the  verb ;  recldo,  re  and 
cado,  is  frequently  used  in  the 
sense  of  redire,  recurrcre,  to  re- 
turn, or  recur,  and  so  furnislies 
the  best  etymology  of  the  term 
in  question,  which  in  its  literal 
meaning  is  applied  to  the  shoots 
which  emanate  from  a  bough 
after  pruning,  or  the  springing 
of  the  seed  after  it  has  been 
sown.  Some  propose  to  read  redi- 
viva,  which  is,  however,  properly 
applied  to  a  revival  of  what  has 
been  completely  e.xtinct,  whereas 
recidiva  means  the  ix'storing  ot 
what  had  merely  undergone  a 
temporary  suspension,  such  as 
the  regal  power  of  ^Eneas  was 
subject  to  during  his  ivanderings 
for  seven  years,  until  his  final 
establishment  as  sovereign  of 
Latium. 

49.  Agrippan.  Called  Acrotas, 
Metam.  .xiv.  617,  where  this  ge- 
nealogy also  occurs. 

52.  Proca.  Tiie  successor  of 
Aventinus ;  he  reigned  twenty- 
three  years. 

53.  Diri  Amuli.  So  called  in 
consequence  of  his  unjust  usurpa- 
tion of  his  brother's  kingdom,  and 
his  cruelty  to  Ilia  and  her  off- 
spring. 


APRILIS. 


185 


Ilia  cum  Lauso  de  Numitore  sati. 
Ense  cadit  patruo  Lausus  :  placet  Ilia  Marti ;  55 

Teque  parit,  gemino  juncte  Quirine  Remo. 
lUe  suos  semper  Veneiem  INIartemque  parentes 

Dixit ;  et  emeruit  vocis  habere  fidem. 
Neve  secuturi  possent  nescire  nepotes, 

Tempora  Dis  generis  continuata  dedit.  tlO 

Sed  Veneris  mensem  Graio  sermone  notatum 

Auguror  ;  a  spumis  est  Dea  dicta  maris. 
Nee  tibi  sit  mirum  Graio  rem  nomine  dici ; 

Itala  nam  tellus  Graecia  Major  erat. 
Venerat  Evander  plena  cum  classe  suorum  ;  65 

Venerat  Alcides  :  Graius  uterque  genus. 
Hospes  Aventinis  armentum  pavit  in  herbis 

Claviger,  et  tanto  est  Albula  pota  Deo. 


54.  Lauso.  Called  by  Diony- 
sius,  ^Egestus,  and  by  Plutarch, 
Ainitus. 

oo.  Ease  patruo.  sc.  ense  patrid ; 
tills  form  oF  expression  is  com- 
mon to  Greek  and  Latin  writers ; 
so  Homer  uses  x.a,(riyvr,7ov  (povov, 
fraternavi  cadem.    Patrio,  Petav. 

55.  Emeruit.  '  He  deserved  to 
gain  credit  for  the  assertion  ;'  sc. 
from  his  character  and  exploits, 

60.  Tempora  continuata.  '  Suc- 
cessive months,'  March  and  April. 
Dis  generis.  '  To  the  gods  of  his 
race;'  the  remote  and  immediate, 
Venus  and  Mars. 

61.  Graio  sermone.  According 
to  the  poet  the  month  Aprilis  is 
derived,  qu.  Aphrilis,  from  Gr. 
a.<p^oi,  spuma  maris,  in  compli- 
ment to  Venus,  who  was  hence 
called  ' Aip^oSiTii,  a  spumis,  &c. 
infr.  Yet  the  etymology  proposed, 
infr.  V.  89,  though  less  suited 
to  the  purposes  of  the  poet,  is 
approved  by  Macrobius  and  Var- 
ro,  who  assert  the  name  of  Venus, 
either  in  Latin  or  Greek,  to  have 
been  unknown  to  the  Romans 
under  the  kings.  Scaliger  derives 
Aprilis  from  Aper,  because  it 
was  customary  to  sacrifice  a  boar- 
pig  in  this  month  ;  in  like  man- 
ner as  the  Greek  month  'EXapn- 


(ioXiui    is    derived    from    \Xa((icc, 
cervus. 

63.  Nee  tibi.  The  poet  endea- 
vours to  show  how  an  old  Latin 
name  might  have  been  originally 
derived  from  the  Greek. 

64.  Grcecia  major.  To  what 
portion  of  Italy  this  name  was 
applied,  and  for  what  reason, 
geographers  are  not  agreed.  The 
poet  appears  to  include  all  Italy 
under  this  appellation  ;  according 
to  some  it  is  applied  to  that  part 
of  Italy  which  is  opposite  to 
Greece  and  Sicily,  others  ascribe 
the  title  to  that  region  which  was 
occupied  by  the  Greek  colonists. 
Pliny  ascribes  to  the  vanity  of 
the  Greeks  its  having  been  called 
Magna ;  Strabo  comprises  Sicily 
under  the  head  of  jNIag.  Gvsecia, 
whence  the  epithet  may  have  been 
used.  According  to  others  it  was 
called  Magna,  in  reference  to  its 
advantages  of  soil  and  climate 
over  the  country  which  the  colo- 
nists had  abandoned.  The  poet 
subjoins  a  list  of  the  early  settlers 
in  Italy. 

65.  Venerat  Evander.  See 
Fast.  i.  427. 

68.  Albula.     So  called  at  the 
period  of  the  arrival  of  Hercules 
in  Latium  ;  see  Fast.  ii.  N.  299. 
r2 


166 


FASTORUM,  LIB.   IV. 


Dux  quoque  Neritius ;  testes  Laestrygones  exstant, 
Et  quod  adhuc  Circes  noniina  littus  habet. 

Et  jam  Telegoni  ;  jam  moenia  Tiburis  udi 
Stabant,  Argolicae  quod  posuere  manu&. 

Venerat  Atiides  latis  agitatus  Halesus, 


69.  Dux  Neritius.  Ulysses,  so 
called  from  Neiitos,  which  Viriril, 
^neid,  iii.  270,  and  Mela,  lib.  ii. 
c.  7,  appear  to  hnve  considered 
as  an  island  distinct  from,  but 
adjoining  to  Ithaca,  of  which,  ac- 
cordinsr  to  Servins,  Neritos  is  a 
mountain.  It  formed  a  part  of 
Laertes'  kingdom,  '  Laertia  reg- 
ua,'  Virg.  in  he.  siipr.  Some 
copies  re',n\Nantius.  from  'Hd^iroi, 
the  Doric  form  of  N'/ja/tos.  Las- 
trygoTies.  A  people  of  Italy  near 
Forinise,  of  Scythian  origin  ;  they 
■were  a  race  of  cannibals,  theuce 
called  Anthropophagi;  testes  ex- 
tant, 'are  witnesses,'  sc.  to  Ulys- 
ses having  arrived  at  the  Italian 
shove,  some  cf  his  companions 
having  been  devoured  by  the  Lbbs- 
trvgones,  wl  ile  he  narrowly  es- 
caped a  similar  fate  himself. 
Horn.   Od'/ss.   X. 

70.  Circes  nomina.  Circeium, 
a  promontory  of  Latium,  '  Prox- 
inia  Cirraeae  raJnntur  litora  terrae;' 

Virg.  MneiiU  vii.  10  ;  see  Horn. 
Odyss.  X.  init. ,-  it  was  formerly 
called  MdSA,  or  ^ase.  Servius 
conjectures  Circe  to  have  been 
called  ^aea.  fi  om  Gr.  a",  a',  hei, 
vte,  interjections  expressive  of  the 
misery  of  those  whom  she  clianged 
by  her  magic  into  brutes. 

Who  knows  not  Circe, 

The  liaughter  of  the  Sun,  whose  charmed 

cup 
Whoever  I-  sled,  lost  his  upright  shape, 
And  downward   fell    into    a  grovelling 
swiiic ! 

Comus. 

This  name  is  sometimes  applied 
also  to  Ogygia  tiie  island  of  Ca- 


lypso, in  the  Ionian  or  Sicilian 
sea. 

71.  Telegoni.  Son  of  Ulysses 
by  Circe,  who  founded  Tusculum, 
a  town  in  Latium,  to  the  north 
of  Alba,  after  his  return  from 
Ithaca,  where  he  went  to  seek 
his  father,  and  killed  him  unde- 
signedly in  a  quarrel,  whence 
'  Telegoni  juga  parricidae;'  Horat. 
Od.  iii.  8,  Fast.  iii.  N,  89,  sub.  fin. 
Tiburis.  A  town  of  Latium,  on 
the  Anio,  whence  udi ;  now  Ti- 
voli.  It  was  founded  by  three 
Grecian  brothers,  Tiburtus,  Co- 
ras, and  Catillus,  and  named  from 
the  first. 

73.  Atrides.  This  must  be  un- 
derstood in  a  similar  sense  with 
Agamemnonius,  which  is  applied 
to  Halesus  by  Virgil,  ^neid,  vii. 
723,  and  which  is  understood  by 
Hevne  to  mean  an  associate  or 
fellow-soldier  of  Agamemnon, 
or  probably  a  descendant ;  he 
could  not  have  been,  as  some 
suppose,  the  son  of  Agamemnon, 
for  Iiis  father  is  mentioned  as 
having  been  a  seer;  '  Fata  canens 
silvis  genitor  celarat  Halesum,' 
j^neid,  X.  417,  upon  whose  de- 
cease Halesus  joined  Turnus 
against  jEneas.  It  does  not  ap- 
pear either  that  Agamemnon  had 
a  brother  of  this  name,  which 
precludes  the  ordinary  accepta- 
tion of  Atrides.  Fatis  agitatus, 
is  explained  by  those  who  make 
Halesus  the  son  of  Agamennon, 
to  allude  to  his  banishment  in 
consequence  of  liis  having  con- 
spired with  Clyteranestra  to  effect 
his  father's  death  ;  but  it  may  be 
used,  in  accordaace  with  the  opi- 


APRILIS. 


187 


A  quo  se  dictam  terra  Falisca  putat. 
Adjice  Trojanae  suasorem  Antenora  pacis  ; 

Et  generum  CEniden,  Appule  Daune,  tuum. 
Serus  ab  Iliacis,  et  post  A  ntenora,  flammis 

Attulit  Jilneas  in  loca  nostra  Deos. 
Hujus  erat  Solymns  Phrygiil  comes  exul  ab  Ida, 

A  quo  Salmon  is  nioenia  nomen  liabent. 
Sulmonis  gelidi,  patria?,  Germanice,  nostras  ; 

Me  miserum,  Scythico  quam  procul  ilia  solo  est ! 
Ergo  ego —  ?  tam  longas  sed  supprime,  Musa,  querelas  ; 

Non  tibi  sunt  maesta  sacra  canenda  lyra. 
Quo  non  livor  adit  ?  sunt  qui  tibi  mensis  honorem  85 


75 


80 


nion  expressed  above,  in  refer- 
ence to  Halesus  having  shared  in 
the  ill  fortunes  which  befel  the 
Grecian  chiefs  on  their  return 
from  Troy. 

74.  Terra  Falisca.  By  a  change 
in  the  initial  letter,  the  city  Fa- 
lisca, called  also  Falerii,  was 
named  after  its  founder  Halesus. 

75.  Antenora.  See  Iliad,  v.  3i8; 
Aiitenor  always  advocated  peace- 
ful measures  in  the  Trojan  coun- 
cils, whence  suasorem  pads ;  so 
Horace,  '  Antenor  censet  belli 
praecidere  causam.'  Epist.  i.  2,  11, 
and  Livy;  'duobus,  ^nea  An- 
tenoreque,  et  vetusti  jure  hospi- 
tii,  et  quia  pacis  reddendaeque 
Helenas  semper  auctores  fuerant, 
omne  jus  belli  Achivos  abstinu- 
isse.'  i.  1.  He  founded  the  city 
Patavium  ;  see  Livy,  in  loc.  cit. 

76.  CEniden.  Diomede,  grand- 
son of  CEaeus,  and  son-in-law  of 
Daunus,  an  Illyrian  of  illustrious 
family,  who  was  driven  from  his 
own  country  by  a  rebellion,  and 
settled  in  Apulia,  where  he  be- 
came sovereign  of  a  portion  of 
the  country  called,  after  him, 
Daunia.  He  bestowed  his  daugh- 
ter Euhippa  upon  Diomede  for  his 
services  in  a  war  in  which  Dau- 
nus was  engaged  with  the  Mes- 
sapii ;  he  also  gave  him  a  tract 
of  land,  in  which  Diomede  feund- 


ed  the  city  Argos  Hippium,  af- 
terwards called  Argyripa  ;  '  llle 
urbem  Argyripam,  patriae  cogno- 
mine  gentis,  Victor  Garirani  con- 
debat  lapygis  arvis  ;'  uEneid,  xi. 
246,  and  lastly  Arpi,  ibid.  250. 

77.  Scrus  ab  Iliacis,  S)'C.  .^neas 
did  not  arrive  in  Italy  until  some 
time  after  the  settlers  already 
mentioned. 

79.  Hujus.  Cujus.  Mazar.Voss. 
Soli/muSjWvitlen  also  Solemus  and 
Solimus,  was  the  reputed  founder 
of  Solymos,  called  afterwards 
Sulmo,  a  small  town  of  the  Pe- 
ligni,  in  Aprutium,  betweeu 
Aquila  and  Venafrum,  the  birth 
place  of  Ovid,  whence  patriae 
nostrcB,  infr.  This  allusion  to  his 
native  home,  could  not  fail  to 
awaken  the  exiled  poet's  grief; 
the  repetition  of  the  name,  v.  81, 
is  expressive  of  a  deep-seated  and 
enduring  affection.  The  epithet 
gelidi,  refers  to  the  proverbial 
coldness  of  the  country ;  '  et 
quota  Pelignis  caream  frigoribus, 
taces.'  Borat.  Od.  iii.  19,  8. 

82.  Scythico  solo.  It  is  to  be 
supposed  that  the  poet  wrote  the 
above  during  his  exile  in  Pontus. 

8^.  Ergo  ego.  An  aposiopesis. 
Ergo  ego  tam  longe  ?  Zulich.  Ma- 
zar.  ap])roved  by  Heinsius. 

85.  Quo  nmi  livor  adit  ?  '  To 
what  lengths  does  not  envy  go  ? 


188  FASTORUM,  LIB.  IV. 

Eripuisse  velint,  invideantque,  Venus. 
Nam,  quia  ver  aperit  tunc  omnia,  densaque  cedit 

Frigoris  asperitas,  foetaque  terra  parit ; 
Aprilem  memorant  ab  aperto  tempore  dictum, 

Quern  Venus  injccta  vindicat  alma  manu.  90 

Ilia  quidem  totum  dignissima  temperat  orbem  ; 

Ilia  tenet  nullo  regna  minora  Deo  : 
Juraque  dat  coelo,  terras,  natalibus  undis  ; 

Perque  suos  initus  continet  omne  genus. 
Ilia  Deos  omnes  (longum  enumerare)  creavit ;  95 

Ilia  satis  causas  arboribusque  dedit : 
Ilia  rudes  animos  hominum  contraxit  in  imum, 

Et  docuit  jungi  cum  pare  quemque  sua. 
Quid  genus  omne  creat  volucruni,  nisi  blanda  voluptas  ? 

Nee  crescant  pecudes,  si  levis  absit  amor.  ]  00 

Cum  mare  trux  aries  cornu  decertat ;  at  idem 

Frontem  dilectae  laedere  parcit  ovis. 
Deposits  taurus  sequitur  feritate  juvencam, 

Quern  toti  saltus,  quem  nemus  omne  tremvmt. 
Vis  eadem,  lato  quodcunque  sub  sequore  vivit,  10.) 

Servat ;  et  innimieris  piscibus  implet  aquas. 
Prima  feros  habitus  honiini  detraxit ;  ab  ilia 

Venerunt  cultus  mimdaque  cura  sui. 
Primus  araans  carmen  vigilatum  nocte  nesrata 


Mensis  honorem,  the  merit  of  Iier  lupta  tenet  copula.   Horat.  Od.  i. 

having   given    its    name    to    the  13,   17. 

month,  assupr.  61.  99.    Quid  genus. 

90.  Injectd     vindicat     manu. 

'  Claims,    having    laid    her   hand  ' 'Tis  love  creates  this  melody,  and  all 

upon.'  "^'''^  waste  of  music  is  the  voice  of  love; 

91.  0,hem.    Annum.     Mazar.  That  even  the  birds  and  beasts  the  tender 

Zulich.  Petav.  and  others.  <^o    ■     . 

no     i\r  ,   ri  j-      <  u       „o  "*^  pleasing  teaches.    Hence  tlic  glosst 

93.  JSatahbus  vndis.  '  her  na-  ,  ■   , 

,  kind 

tive  \va\es.  Trv  every  winning  way  inventive  love 

95.   Longum  enumerare.    Lun-  can  dictate,  and  in  courtehip  to  their 
gum  est  narrare.    Ursin.  mates 

98.   Et  docuit,   A'C.  Pourforth  their  little  souls.' 

T/ioiiisoH. 

'  But  happy  they!  the  happiest  of  their  ,p,~     y,-.  , 

..j^^,"       ■'  "^*^  JU.!>.    t  IS  eadem.  ^-c. 

Whom  gentler  =tars  unite,   and  in  one  .  Nor  undelighted  by  the  boundless  spring 

^'®  Are  the  broad  monsters  of  the  foaming 
Their  hearts,  their  fortunes,  and  their  deep.' 

beings  blend.'  IJ. 

Thomson. 

109.    Carmen  vigilutum.     Tlie 

'  Felices  ter  et  amplius,  Quos  ir-  serenade. 


APRILIS.  189 

Dicitur  ad  clausas  concinnisse  fores  :  110 

Eloquiumque  fuit  durani  exorare  puellam  ; 

Proqiie  sua  causa  quirque  disertus  erat. 
Mille  per  hanc  artes  mote;  studioque  placendi. 

Qua;  latuere  priiis,  niulta  reperta  ferunt. 
Hanc  quisquara  titulo  mensis  spoliare  secundi  115 

Audeat  ?  a  nobis  sit  procul  iste  furor. 
Quid,  quod  ubique  potens,  templisque  frequentibus  aucta, 

Urbe  tamen  nostra  jus  Dea  raajus  habet  r 
Pro  Troja,   Romane,  tua  Venus  arma  ferebat, 

Cum  gemuit  teneram  cus[)ide  Isesa  manurn  ;  120 

Ccelestesque  duas  Trojano  judice  vicit : 

Ah  nolim  victas  hoc  meminisse  Deas  ! 
Assaracique  nurus  dicta  est  ;  ut  scilicet  olim 

Magnus  luleos  Caesar  haberet  avos. 
Nee  Vcneri  tempus,  quam  ver,  erat  aptius  ullum  ;         125 

Vere  nitent  terrae  ;  vere  remissus  ager. 
Nunc  herbae  rupta  tellure  cacumina  tolhmt ; 

Nunc  tumido  gemmas  cortice  palmes  agit. 
Et  forraosa  Venus  formoso  tempore  digna  est ; 

Utque  solet,  Marti  continuata  suo.  130 

Vere  monet  curvas  materna  per  aequora  puppes 

Ire,  nee  hibei'nas  jam  timuisse  minas. 
Rite  deam  Latiae  colitis  matresque  nurusque, 

Et  vos,  quis  vittae  longaque  vestis  abest. 


119.  Pro  Trojd,  ^'C.   The  poet  '  Along  these  blushing  borders,  bright 

aiisiffus   the   cause   why  she    was  '"'''^  ^^"^' 

"i-         1         -.i  -I  And  in  von  mingled  wilderness  of  flowers, 

worshipped    with    more    especial  r:         •    \  .   S   ■ 

'^r  r  pajj.    handed    Spring    unbosoms    ever? 

reverence  at  Kome  than  she  was  ^^^^ , 

elsewhere.  Thomson. 

1"20.  LcFsa  maimm.   See  Homer 

Iliad.  V.  335. 


'  How  calm,  how  beautiful  comes  on 

T       11  The  stilly  hour  when  storms  are  gone: 

121.  Ccelestesque,  Sj'C.    In  allu-  when  warring  winds  have  died  away, 
s-ion  to  her  having  borne  away  the  ^^j,  douds,  beneath  the  glancing  ray. 
palm    of  beauty    from    Juno   and  Melt  off,  and  leave  the  land  and  sea 
.Minerva,  in  the  judgineat  of  Paris  sleeping  in  bright  tranquillity,— 
upon  JVlount  Ida.  Fresh  as  if  day  again  were  bom, 

122.  Victas     hoc     meminisse.  Again  upon  the  lap  of  morn.' 
Dictas    hoc    meruisse.       Mazar.  Lalla  Rookh. 
Zulich. 

126.    Vere  nitent  terras.  <■  Emi-  134:.  Quis  vittce,  kc.    The  poet 

cuere    rosse,    violaeque,    et    molle  addresses  those  who  wore  neither 

Cyperon,   Albaque  de  viridi  rise-  the  i'i«a,  the  fillet  peculiar  to  the 

runt  lilia  prato.'  &c.      Petron.  Vestal  virgins,  nor  the  xtola,   the 


190 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  IV. 


Aurea  marmoreo  redimicula  solvite  coUo  :  133 

Demite  divitias  :  tota  lavanda  Dea  est. 
Aurea  siccato  redimicula  reddite  collo  ; 

Nunc  alii  flores,  nunc  nova  danda  rosa  est. 
Vos  qiioque  sub  viridi  Myrto  jubet  ilia  lavari  : 

Causaque,  curjubeat,  discite,  certa  subest.  140 

Littore  sic'cabat  rorantes  nuda  capillos. 

Viderunt  Satyri,  turba  proterva,  deam. 
Sensit,  et  opposita  texit  sua  corpora  myrto. 

Tuta  fuit  facto  :  vosque  referre  jubet. 
Discite  nunc,  quare  Fortunae  tura  Virili  1 4.j 

Detis  eo,  calida  qui  locus  humet  aqua. 
Accipit  ille  locus  posito  velamine  cunctas  ; 

Et  vitium  nudi  corporis  omne  videt. 
Ut  tegat  hoc,  celetque  viros,  Fortuna  Virilis 

Praestat :  et  hoc  parvo  ture  rogata  facit.  150 

Nee  pigeat  niveo  tritum  c<mi  lacte  papaver 

Sumere,  et  expressis  mella  liquata  favis. 
Cum  primum  cupido  Venus  est  deducta  marlto  ; 

Hoc  bibit.     Ex  illo  tempore  nupta  fuit. 


stole  or  cimar,  (vestis  muliebiis 
ad  talcs  usque  demissa;  Forcel.) 
characteristic  of  matrons  ;  the 
worshippers  of  Venus  being  of 
a  less  grave  description  than  either 
of  the  foregoing;  so,  ex  Pont.  iii. 
ep.  3,  51,  Scripsimus  hac  islis, 
quarum  nee  vitta  pudicos  Con- 
tingit  crines,  nee  stola  longa 
pedes.' 

135.  Aurea  redwiicula.  Golden 
ornaments,  necklaces,  &c.  ;  redi- 
micula properlv  signifies  the  rib- 
bons which  fall  upon  the  shoul- 
ders from  the  mitra  or  turban. 
yiarmoreo  collo.  '  From  the  neck 
of  the  marble  statue,'  for  the  pur- 
pose of  washing  it  and  re-arran<r- 
ingthe  rich  dress,  divitia,  in  which 
it  was  usually  robed. 

138.  Nunc  alii  fiores.  On  the 
kalends  of  .4pril,  the  married 
women  sacrificed  to  Venus  Ver- 
ticordia ;  infr.  160.  Upon  the 
same  day,  wearing  chaplets  of 
myrtle,  they  bathed  in  the  Tiber, 


near  the  temple  of  Fortuna  Vir- 
ilis, infr.  145. 

139.  Sub  myrto,  sc.  Myrto  cor- 
onates, as  sub  armis  for  arrnati. 

140.  Causaque,  See  supr.  n.  15. 

145.  Fortuna  Virili.  Tuxri  av- 
l^'.ix;  Dion.  The  temple  of  this 
deity  contained  a  wooden  statue 
of  its  founder,  Servius  Tullius, 
see  Fast.  vi.  523. 

146.  Fo,  sc.  loco.  Calida.  Ge- 
lida.     Al. 

147.  Posito  velamine.  The  ob- 
ject of  propitiating  Fortuna  Vi- 
rilis, was,  that  she  might  conceal 
any  blemishes  upon  their  persons 
which  were  likely  to  render  her 
fair  worshippers  less  agreeable  in 
the  eyes  of  their  husbands. 

151.  Niveo  tritum,  i^c.  This 
drink  was  called  cocetum,  Plin. 
xix.  8,  and  was  usually  presented 
to  a  bride  upon  the  day  of  her 
nuptials,  as  an  omen  of  future 
felicity. 

153.  Marito.     Vulcan. 


KAL.  APRIL. 


191 


Supplicibus  verbis  illam  placate  :  sub  ilia  155 

Et  forma,  et  mores,  et  bona  fama  manet. 
Roma  pudicitia  proavorum  tempore  lapsa  est, 

CiuTiseam,  veteres,  consuluistis  anum. 
Templa  jubet  Veneri  fieri ;  quibus  ordine  factis, 

Inde  Venus  verso  noraina  corde  tenet.  160 

Semper  ad  ^Eneadas  placido,  pulcherrima,  vultu 

Respice,  totque  tuas.  Diva,  tuere  nurus. 

KAL.  APRIL.    OCCIDIT  SCORPIOS. 

Dum  loquor,  elatse  metuendus  acumine  caudae 
Scorpios  in  virides  praecipitatur  aquas. 

QUART.   NON.  APRIL.   OCCIDUNT   PLEIADES. 

Nox  ubi  transierit,  ccelumque  rubescere  primo  165 

Coe|)erit,  et  tactae  rore  querentur  aves  ; 
Seniustamque  facem  vigilata  nocte  viator 

Ponet,  et  ad  solitum  rusticus  ibit  opus  ; 
Pleiades  incipiunt  humeros  relevare  paternos  : 

Quae  septem  dici,  sex  tamen  esse  solent.  170 


157.  Proavorum  tempore,  a.  u. 
639,  in  the  consulship  of  Acilius 
Balbus  and  Porcius  Cato,  the 
daughter  of  a  Roman  kuight  was 
struck  with  lightning,  this  was 
interpreted  by  the  soothsayers  as 
affectine  the  character  of  the 
Vestals,  three  of  wliom  were  con- 
victed, upon  investigation,  of 
havinii-  broken  their  vows ;  the 
Sibylline  books  were  consulted, 
and  they  required  that  two  Greeks 
and  two  Gauls  should  be  buried 
alive  ;  also  that  a  statue  should 
be  erected  to  Venus  Verticordia, 
to  prevent  the  repetition  of  such 
a  crime.  Sulpicia,  daughter  of 
Paterculus,  and  wife  of  Fulvius 
Flaccus,  was  selected,  in  conse- 
quence of  the  eminent  purity  of 
her  character  and  demeanour,  to 
consecrate  this  statue.  Val.  Max. 
viii.  15,  Plin.  viii.  33. 


158.  CumcBam  anum.  The  Sibyl 
already  mentioned. 

159.  Templa.  In  the  Via  Sala- 
ria,  outside  the  Porta  Collina. 

160.  Verso  corde.  Hence  Ve- 
nus Verticordia,  the  'Atp^ohlrm 
dwoffrpo^ia  of  the  Greeks,  ex- 
pressive of  the  reclaiming  of  the 
heart  from  its  vicious  wanderings 
to  the  sway  of  a  well-regulated 
afiFection. 

163.  Dum  loqtior.  On  the 
morning  of  the  kalends  of  April, 
the  scorpion  sets  cosmically. 

165.  Nox  uhi,  &'c.  On  the  iv. 
Non.  April,  the  Pleiads  set  heli- 
acal ly. 

166.  Tactce  rore.  '  Sprinkled 
with  the  dew." 

169.  Humeros  paternos.  so.  of 
Atlas:  Relevare,  see  Fast,  ii.  N. 
339. 

170.  Qua  septem  dici,  Sfc.  The 


lf)2 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  IV. 


Sen  quod  in  amplexum  sex  hinc  vcnere  deorum 

Nam  Steropen  Marti  concubuisse  ferunt  : 
Neptuno  Halcyonen,  et  te,  forninsa  Celseno  : 

Slaian,  et  Electran,   Tayjjjetenqiie  Jovi : 
Septima  mortali  Merope  tibi,  Sisypbe,  nupsit. 

Pccnitet ;  et  flxcti  sola  pudore  latet. 
Sive  quod  Electra  Trojae  spectare  ruinas 

Non  tulit :  ante  oculos  opposuitque  manum. 


175 


PRID.   NON. 


APRIL.   MEGALESIA,    SIVE  MATRIS 
MAGNiE  FESTUM. 


Ter  sine  perpetuo  ccelum  versetur  in  axe  ; 

Ter  jungat  Titan,  terque  resolvat  equos  ; 
Protinus  inflexo  Berecvnthia  tibia  cornu 

Flabit,  et  Idaeae  festa  Parentis  erunt. 
Ibunt  semimai'es,  et  inania  tympana  tundent ; 


180 


Pleiads  were  seven  in  number, 
but  six  stars  only  appearing  in  the 
constellation,  the  poet  proceeds 
to  account  for  the  lost  one. 

'  And  is  there  glory  from  tlie  heavens  de- 
parted ? — 

Oh  !  void  unmarked  ! — thy  sisters  of  the 
sky 

Still  hold  their  place  on  high. 

Though  from  its  rank  thine  orb  so  long 
hath  started. 

Thou,  that  no  more  art  seen  of  mortal 
eye! 

Hemans. 

171.    Hinc.     Of  the    Pleiads. 

175.  Sisyphe.  King  of  Corinth, 
whom  Merope  married  and  bore 
him  Glaucus,  Creon,  and  Laertes. 

176.  Pudore.  The  shame  of 
having  been  espoused  to  a  mortal, 
while  her  sisters  were  thought 
worthy  the  attention  of  the  gods, 

177'.  Sive  quod,  ^c.  Or  Elec- 
tra, the  mother  of  Dardanus, 
head  of  the  Trojan  kings,  might 
have  been  the  absent  star,  having 
concealed  herself  lest  she  should 
behold  the  overthrow  of  Troy. 

1 79.   Ter  sine,  ^c.   Prid.  Non. 


April,  the  festival  Megalesia, 
from  Gr.  //.lydXr.,  magna,  or  Ludi 
Megalenses,  was  held  in  honour 
of  Cybele,  the  mother  of  the 
gods,  the  particulars  of  which 
are  detailed  in  the  text. 

180.  Titan.     The  sun. 

181.  Berecvnthia  tibia.  The 
Phrygian  flute,  so  called  from 
Berecynthus,a  mountain  in  Phry- 
gia,  sacred  to  Cybele,  or  because 
Midas  the  kin?  of  Phrygia  in- 
vented it.  It  was  widened  towards 
the  end,  which  was  generally 
made  of  brass  or  horn,  whence 
probably  inflexo  cornu,  and  /o/t-.s 
udunca,  infr.  for  the  purpose  of 
emitting  a  graver  sound;  see  Ad- 
denda. 

182.  IdcBce.  So  c.illed  from 
Ida  in  Phrygia,  whence  her  sa- 
cred rites  were  introduced  into 
Rome,  infr.  225.  Parentis. 
Among  the  appellations  of  Cy- 
bele are  Mater  Deorum,  Ops, 
Magna  Mater,  Rhea,  and  Din- 
dymene,  &c. 

183.  Ibunt  semimares.  TheGalli 
or  priests  of  Cybele,  so  called 
from  Gallus,  a  river  iu  Phrygia, 


PRID.   NON.   APRIL.  19.3 

.liraque  tinnitus  oere  repulsa  dabunt. 
Ipsa  sedens  molli  comitum  cervice  feretur  1  S3 

Urbis  per  medias  exululata  vias. 
Scena  sonat,  Ludique  vocant :  spectate,  Quirites  ; 

Et  Fora  Marte  suo  litigiosa  vacent. 
Quaerere  multa  libet ;  sed  me  sonus  aeris  aciiti 

Terret,  et  horrendo  lotos  adunca  sono.  190 

I>a,  Dea,  quas  sciter,  doctas,  Cybeleia  neptes. 

Audit,  et  has  curse  jussit  adesse  mese. 
Pandite  mandati  memores,  Heliconis  alumnae, 

Gaudeat  assiduo  cur  Dea  Magna  sono. 
Sic  ego.     Sic  Erato  :  (mensis  Cythereius  illi  19<5 

Cessit,  quod  teneri  nomen  amoris  habet) 
Reddita  Saturno  sors  haec  erat;  Optime  regum, 

A  nato  sceptris  excutiere  tuis. 
lUe  suam  metuens,  ut  quaeque  erat  edita,  prolem 

Devorat,  immersam  visceribusque  tenet.  200 

Saepe  Rhea  questa  est  toties  foecunda,  nee  unqnani 

Mater  ;  et  indoluit  fertilitate  sua. 
Jupiter  ortus  erat :  (pro  magna  teste  vetustas 

Creditur  ;  acceptam  parce  movere  fidem.) 
Veste  latens  saxum  cselesti  viscere  sedit ;  205 

Sic  genitor  fatis  decipiendus  erat. 


which  was  supposed  to  set  mad  the  period  mentioned  infra.  225, 

those  v\ho  drank  of  it,  or  from  and    the    latter    by    Tarquinius 

Gallus,     the   first    priest    of    the  Priscus,  Ludique,  sc.  Megalenscs 

ffoddess,  or  most  likely  from   the  xar'  i%ox,r,-/. 

Gallograeci,  who  had  passed  into  188.    Et  fora.      Fast.  i.    73. 

Greece,    and    from    thence    into  Marte   suo.       So    Juvenal,    'ubi 

Phrygia.     They  were  called  also  summa  Qusestio,  qu£e  veniant  di- 

Curetes    and     Corybantes,    infr.  versa  parte  sa^itta;.'  Sat.  7,  156. 

210,  and  their  chief  Archigallus.  This  was  a  dies  nefastus,  whence 

Inania    tympana.       The    hollow  fora  vacent,  &c. 

drums.  190.  Lotos.  The  lote  or  nettle 

184.   ^ra.     The  cymbals.  tree,  indigenous  to  Africa,   with 

187.  Scena  sonat.      Hence  the  a  black  wood,  of  which  the  tibice 

difference  between  the  place  and  were  usually  made, 

manner  of  celebrating  the  Ludi  191.  Doctas  neptes.    The  Mu- 

Megalenses  and  Ludi  Magni :  the  ses,  who  being  the  daughters  of 

former  having    been    almost  ex-  Jupiter,  were  consequentlv  giand- 

clusively  confined  to  the  theatre,  daughters  of  Cybele. 

the  latter  to  the  circus.    There  is  205.    Veste  latens  saxum.     E» 

also  a  material  difference  as  to  the  trzsra^yccvoi;  ii'>.nf/.iyot  ■x-ir^ov,  Neap. 

period  of  their    institution ;    the  '  lapidem     pannis     involutum  ;' 

former  having   been   founded  at  ForceL 


194 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  IV. 


Ardua  jamdudum  resonat  tinnitibus  Ide, 

Tutus  ut  infanti  vagiat  ore  puer. 
Pars  clypeos  sudibus,  galeas  pars  tuiidit  inanes  ; 

Hoc  Curetes  habent,  hoc  Corybantes  opu.«.  210 

Res  latuit  patrem  ;  priscique  imitamina  facti, 

JEra  Deae  comites  raucaque  terga  movent. 
Cymbala  pro  galeis,  pro  scutis  tympana  pulsant  ; 

Tibia  dat  Phrygios,  ut  dedit  ante,  modos. 
Desierat.     Ccepi :   Cur  huic,  genus  acre,  leones  215 

Prsebent  insolitas  ad  juga  curva  jubas  ? 
Desieram.     Coepit :  Feritas  mollita  per  illam 

Creditur  :  id  curru  testificata  suo  est. 
At  cur  turrita  caput  est  ornata  corona  ? 

An  Phrygiis  turres  lubibus  ilia  dedit  ?  220 

Hoc  quoque,  dux  operis,  moneas  precor  ;  unde  petita 


207.  Ardua  Ide.  A  hi?h  moun- 
tain in  Crete,  wliere  Jove  was 
concealed  by  his  mothe:-,  who 
employed  her  priests  to  drown 
•with  their  noise  his  infant  cries, 
hence  supr.  Gaudeat  assiduo  cur, 
8fc. 

"209.  Sudibus.  Rods  or  fenc- 
ingf  foils  ;  such  as  the  gladiators 
used  to  be  presented  with,  in  to- 
ken of  their  discharge. 

210.  Curetes.  So  called  from 
Gr.  xou^a,  ionsura  ;  they  were  also 
called  Dactyli,  from  SaxTuXo;,  di- 
gitus, either  because  thev  equal- 
led the  fingers  of  both  hands  in 
number,  or  from  their  having  been 
employed  by  Cybele  for  similar 
purposes  of  service  as  the  fingers 
are  used.  Tlie  Corybantes,  also 
priests  of  the  Ideean  mother,  were 
so  called  from  Gr.  y.oouir-ro>,  caput 
jacto,  and  fiuiva,  incedo,  in  allu- 
sion to  their  frantic  movements, 
or  from  Kooa,  oculi  pupiila,  because 
they  were  said  to  have  slept  with 
their  eyes  open  while  watching 
the  infant  Jove,  whence  the  ap- 
plication of  xooufiicvriSv,    to    those 

'  whose  eyes  are  open,  but  their 
senses  shut ;'  or  from  xi^ue»,  the 
name  bv  which  the  inhabitants  of 


Cyprus  designated  brass,  in  which 
one  of  their  mountains  abounded. 
They  were  also  called  Idsei  Dac- 
tyli, because  according  to  some 
mythologists,  Cybele  flying  from 
Saturn,  arrived  at  the  Cretan  Ida, 
and  clasped  it  with  her  hands 
while  giving  birth  to  Jupiter, 
whence  the  Corybantes  sprung 
from  that  part  of  the  mountain 
which  bore  the  impression  of  her 
fintrers.  They  are  said  to  have 
been  three  in  number,  Damna- 
meneus,   Acmon,  and  Celmo. 

212.  Haucaque  terga.  Their 
drums  having  been  covered  with 
hides. 

214.  Phrygios  modos.  The 
Phrygian  measure,  which  was 
used  in  religious  ceremonies,  was 
invented  by  Marsyas,  a  Phry- 
gian ;  the  Dorian,  which  was 
adapted  to  warlike  themes,  by 
Thamyras,  a  Thracian,  and  the 
Lydian,  accommodated  to  the 
lighter  strains  of  poetry  and  love, 
by  Ampliion. 

221.  Hoc  quoque.  The  poet 
proceeds  to  account  for  the  in- 
troduction of  the  worship  of 
Cybele  into  Rome. 


PRID.   NON.   APRIL. 


195 


Venerit  ?    An  nostra  semper  in  Urbe  fuit  ? 
Dindymon,  et  Cybelen,  et  amaenam  fontibus  Iden 

Semper,  et  Iliacas  Mater  amavit  opes. 
Ciim  Trojam  ^-Eneas  Italos  portaret  in  agros,  225 

Est  Dea  sacriferas  pene  secuta  rates. 
Sed  nondum  fatis  Latio  sua  numina  posci 

Senserat;  assuetis  substiteratque  locis. 
Post,  ut  Roma  potens  opibus  jam  seciila  quinque 

Vidit,  et  edomito  sustulit  orbe  caput ;  230 

Carminis  Euboici  fatalia  verba  sacerdos 

Inspicit ;  inspectum  tale  fuisse  ferunt : 
Mater  abest :  Matrem  jubeo,  Romane,  requiras : 

Cum  veniet,  casta  est  accipienda  manu. 
Obscurae  sortis  Patres  ambagibus  errant ;  235 

Quaeve  parens  absit,  quov  e  petenda  loco. 
Consulitur  Paean  ;  Diviimque  arcessite  Matrem. 

Inquit:  in  Idaeo  est  invenienda  jugo. 
Mittuntur  proceres.     Phrygiae  tum  sceptra  tenebat 

Attalus  ;  Ausoniis  rem  negat  ille  viris.  240 


223.  Dindymon,  ^"c.  Moun- 
tains in  Phrygia. 

224.  Iliacas  opes.  All  Phrygia 
was  sacred  to  Cybele. 

226.  Est  pene  secuta.  '  Almost 
followed.' 

227.  Sed  nondum.  The  time 
had  not  arrived  for  the  introduc- 
tion of  her  rites  into  Rome. 

229.  Secula  quinque.  v.  c.  547. 
'  Civitatem  eo  tempore  (secund. 
bell.  Punic.)  repens  religio  inva- 
serat,  invento  carmine  in  libris 
Sibyilinis,  propter  crebrius  eo 
anno  de  coelo  lapidatum  iuspectis. 
Quandoque  hostis  alienigena  terra 
Italia  helium  intulisset,  eum  pelli 
Italia  viiicique  posse,  si  mater  Idcea 
aPessin  unteRomam  adveclaforet.' 
Liv.  xxix.  10. 

231.  Carminis  Euboici.  The 
Sibylline  books. 

232.  Inspectum.  so.  carmen. 
Ferunt.  Refert,  i.  e.  sacerdos.  Er- 
furt. 

233.  Mater.  So  Cybele  was 
called    by    the    Greeks     simply 


234.   Casta  manu.    Infr.  279. 

236.  Qu(eve  parens.  According 
to  Livy,  in  the  passage  already 
quoted,  N.  229,  there  was  no  such 
ambiguity  either  as  to  the  person 
or  the  place. 

237.  Consulitur  Pcean,  Apollo 
so  called  from  Gr.  Traito,  fcrio,  in 
allusion  to  his  having  slain  the 
Python,  or  from  the  same  verb 
in  its  signification  of  medeor, 
euro,  from  his  having  been  the 
god  of  medicine. 

239.  Mittuntur  proceres.  '  Le- 
gates ad  eum  (Attalum)  decer- 
nunt,  M.  Valerium  Lsevinum  qui 
bis  consul  fuerat  ac  res  in  Grsecia 
gesserat,  M.  Cajcilium  Metellum 
praetorium,  Ser.  Sulpicium  Gal- 
bam  sedilitium,  duos  quaestorios, 
Cn.  Tremellium  Flaccum  et  M. 
Valerium  Faltouem.'  I^iv.  xxix. 
11. 

240.  Attalus.  King  of  Perga- 
mus,  who  assisted  the  Romans 
against  Philip,  Liv.  ibid,  his 
name,  like  that  of  Crccsus,  pass- 
ed,  in  consequence   of  his   enor- 


196 


FASTORUiM,  LIB.   IV. 


Mira  canani :  longo  treniuit  cum  nnirmure  tellus 

Et  sic  ex  adytis  Diva  locuta  suis  : 
Ipsa  peti  volui ;  ne  sit  mora,  mitte  volentem  : 

Dignus  lloma  locus,  quo  Deus  omnis  eat. 
Ille  soni  terrore  pavens,  Proficiscere,  dixit ; 

Nostra  eris  ;  in  Phrygios  Roma  refertur  avos. 
Protinus  innumera;  ca'dunt  pineta  secures 

111:1,  quibus  fugiens  Phryx  pius  usus  erat. 
IMille  manus  coeunt ;  et  picta  coloribus  ustis 

Coelestuin  IMatrem  concava  puppis  habet. 
Ilia  sui  per  aquas  fertur  tutissiiiia  iiati ; 

Longaque  Phryxeae  stagna  sororis  adit  ; 
Rhceteumque  rapax,  Sigeiaque  littora  transit, 

Et  Tenedum,  et  veteres  Eetionis  opes. 


24.» 


2.50 


mous  wealth,  into  a  proverb  ; 
•  Attalicis  conditionibus  Nun- 
quam  dimoveas,'  &c.  Horat.  Od. 
i.  1,  12  :  having  had  no  male  issue 
by  his  wife  Berenice,  be  be- 
queathed his  possessions,  in  to- 
ken of  his  regard,  to  the  Roman 
people.  Rem  negat  ille.  The  poet 
is  at  variance  here  with  the  his- 
torian ;  '  Pergamum,  ad  regem 
venerunt.  Is  legates  comiter  ac- 
ceptos  Pessinuntem  in  Phrygiam 
deduxit ;"  it  is  fit  to  mention  how 
they  found  the  deity  represented  ; 
'  sacrumque  iis  lajudem,  quam 
r.:atrem  Deiim  esse  incolse  dice- 
bant,  tradidit,  ac  deportare  Ro- 
mam  jussit.'  Liv.  ibid. 

'J46.  iVosfra  cris.  The  ancestors 
of  Rome  bavin?  been  Phrygians. 
248.  Ilia  guibus,  §-c.  '  Clas- 
^en^que  sub  ipsa  Antandro  et 
Phrygiae  nioliniur  montibus  Idae.' 
^-Eneid,  iii.  5,  6. 

251.   Sui  nati.     Neptune. 
2-32.  Longaque,  ^c.    The  Hel- 
le:^pont 

2.53.  Rhaeleum.  For  Rhcctea 
vada,  the  sea  that  washes  RhoR- 
teuni  a  town  and  promontory  of 
Troas,  as  was  also  Sigeium.  The 
former  was  celebrated  for  the 
tomb  of  Aja.x,  the  latter  for  that 


of  Achilles.  Rapax,  is  used  here 
as  elsewhere  for  rapidum.  Some 
copies  read  capax,  in  reference 
to  its  having  been  the  station  of 
the  Grecian  fleet. 

254.  Tenedum.  An  inland  on 
the  coast  of  Troas,  in  sicht  of 
Troy,  with  a  coenominal  ^olian 
town,  where  there  was  a  temple 
of  Apollo  Smintheus.  It  is  said 
to  have  been  so  called  from  Teu- 
nes,  or  Teues,  who  was  exposed 
in  a  coffin  by  his  father  Cygnus, 
a  Thracian,  at  the  instigation  of 
his  mother-in-law,  and  borne  to 
this  island,  of  which  be  was  sub- 
sequently appointed  sovereign, 
and  deified  after  death  for  his 
extraordinary  virtues.  Its  former 
name  was  Leucophrys.  It  was 
famous  for  its  earthen  ware,  Schol. 
in  Arisloph.  for  the  manufacture 
of  which  it  afforded  abundance 
of  excellent  red  clay,  tinedom, 
whence  Bochart  would  derive  it» 
name.  For  Tenedum,  Heinsius 
proposes  to  read  Theben,  of  which 
Fetiou  was  sovereign,  and  whose 
shores,  between  Antandrus  and 
Lyrnessus,  might  have  been  vi- 
sible to  those  who  were  conveying 
Cybele  to  Italy  ;  besides  the  name 
of  Eetion  is  never  found  in  con- 


PRID.   NON.   APRIL. 


197 


Cydades  excipiunt,  Lesbo  post  terga  relicta ;  255 

Qiiaque  Cariste'is  frangitur  unda  vadis. 
Transit  et  Icarium,  lapsas  ubi  perdidit  alas 

Icarus,  et  vastai  nomina  fecit  aquae. 
Turn  laeva  Cretan,  dextra  Pelopeidas  undas 

Deserit ;  et  Veneri  sacra  Cythera  petit.  260 

Hinc  mare  Trinacrium,  candens  ubi  tingere  ferrum 

Brontes,  et  Steropes,  Acmonidesque  sclent : 
iEquoraque  Afra  legit,  Sardoaque  regna  sinistris 

Prospicit  a  remis,  Ausoniamque  tenet. 
Ostia  contigerat,  qua  se  Tiberinus  in  altum  265 

Dividit,  et  campo  liberiore  natat. 
Omnis  Eques,  mistaque  gravis  cum  plebe  Senatus, 

Obvius  ad  Tusci  fluminis  ora  venit. 
Procedunt  pariter  matres,  nataeque,  nurusque  ; 

Quaeque  colunt  sanctos  virginitate  focos.  270 


junction  with  the  former,  while 
it  is  frequently  used  by  the  poets 
with  the  latter;  '  Eetioneas  The- 
bas.'  Metam.  xii.  0'/5/S:)v  I'lor.n  -roKiv 
'HiTiavos ;  Homer,  II.  i.  &c. 

255.  Cydades.  Islands  sur- 
rounding Delos  in  the  iEgean  Sea. 

256.  Caristeis.  So  called  from 
Caristus,  a  city  of  Eubcea  op- 
posite to  the  island  of  Andres. 

257.  Icarium, sc.mare.  Between 
Samos  and  Myconum,  so  called 
from  Icarus,  the  son  of  Daedalus, 
who  attempted  to  accomplish  an 
escape  from  Crete  by  means  of 
wings,  fastened  on  with  wax, 
'  ceratis  pennis,'  Horat.  The 
father  succeeded  ;  but  Icarus 
soared  too  near  the  sun,  aud 
melted  the  wax,  in  consequence 
of  which  he  fell  into  the  sea, 
which  afterwards  bore  his  name. 

259.  Pelopeidas  vndas.  Which 
wash  the  Peloponnesus. 

261.  Trinacrium.  Sicilian;  so 
called  from  the  three  promonto- 
ries of  Sicily,  Pachynus,  Pelo- 
rus,  and  Lilyboeum.  Candens 
ubi,  (J'c.  jEtna,  in  Sicily,  was  sa- 
cred to  Vulcan,  the  ancients  hav- 


ing believed  that  its  eruptions 
were  occasioned  by  the  working 
of  the  Cvclops  at  their  forges. 

262.  Brontes,  §-c.  The  three 
Cyclops,  so  called  from  /3jovrn, 
tonitru,  (rTi^oTn,fid<jur,  and  axf^uy, 
incus. 

263.  yEquoraque  Afra.  The 
Libyan  Sea.  Sardoaque  regna. 
Sardinia,  now  Sardegna,  a  large 
island  between  the  Tyrrhene  and 
Balearic  seas ;  said  to  have  been 
colonised  by  Sardus,  a  son  of 
Hercules.  It  lay  to  the  left  of 
those  sailing  from  the  Libyan  sea 
towards  Italy,  whence  sinistris 
prospicit,  &c. 

266,  Dividit.  The  Tiber  emp- 
tied itself  by  two  mouths  into 
the  Tuscan  sea,  twelve  miles  be- 
low the  city  of  Rome,  whence 
campo  liberiore  natat. 

269.  Procedunt  pariter,  ^c. 
'  P.  Cornelius  cum  omnibus  ma- 
tronis  Ostiam  ire  jussus  obviam 
Deae,  isque  earn  de  nave  accipere, 
et  in  terram  elatam  tradere  fe- 
rendani  matronis.'  Lit.  xxix. 
14. 

270.  Sanctos.    Castos,   Petav. 

s  2 


198  FASTORUM,  LIB.   IV. 

Sedula  func  viri  contento  bracliia  lassant : 

Vix  subit  adversas  hospita  navis  aquas. 
Sicca  dill  telliis  fuerat ;  sitis  usserat  herbas  : 

Sedit  limoso  pressa  carina  vado : 
Quisquis  adest  operi,  plus  quam  pro  parte  laborat ;  27o 

Adjuvat  et  fortes  voce  sonante  maniis. 
Ilia  velut  medio  stabilis  sedet  insula  ponto  ; 

Attoniti  monstro  stantque  paventque  viri. 
Claudia  Quinta  genus  Clauso  referebat  ab  alto  ; 

Nee  facies  impar  nobilitate  fuit.  280 

Casta  quidem,  sed  non  et  credita ;  rumor  iniquus 

Lfeserat,  et  falsi  criminis  acta  rea  est. 
Cultus,  et  ornatis  varie  prodisse  capillis 

Obfuit,  ad  rigidos  promptaque  lingua  senes. 
Conscia  mens  recti  famae  mendacia  risit :  285 

Sed  nos  in  vitium  credula  turba  sumus. 
Haec  ubi  castarum  processit  ab  agmine  matrum, 

Et  manibus  puram  fluminis  hausit  aquam  ; 
Ter  caput  irrorat,  ter  tollit  in  sethera  palmas  : 

Quicunque  aspiciunt,  mente  carere  putant.  290' 

Submissoque  genu,  vultus  in  imagine  Divae 

Figit,  et  hos  edit,   crine  jacente,  sonos  : 
Supplicis,  alma,  tuaj,  genitrix  foecunda  Deorum, 

Accipe  sub  ccrta  conditione  preces. 
Casta  negor  ;  si  tu  damnas,  meruisse  fatebor  :  29<') 

Morte  luam  poenas  judice  victa  DeL 
Sed,  si  crimen  abest,  tu  nostrae  pignora  vitas 

Re  dabis  ;  et  castas  casta  sequere  manus. 
Dixit,  et  exiguo  funem  conamine  traxit : 

Mira,  sed  et  scena  testificata  loquar.  .'iOO 

279.     Claudia    Quinta.    '  Ma-         283.    CuKits,  S^c.      Her  dress, 

tronse    primoies    civitalis,     inter  and  her  having  appeared  in  public 

quas  unius    Claudiic    Quintse  in-  with  her  hair  fancifully  aiiorned, 

signe    est   nomen,   accepere:    cui  besides   the   readiness  of  her  re- 

duhia    (ut   traditur)    antea   fama  plies  to  the  censures  of  austere 

clariorem  ad  posteros  tam  religi-  old  age,  were  the  sum  of  the  ob- 

o*o   ministerio    pudicitiam    fecit.'  jections  against  Claudia. 
Liv.  ibid.  Clauso  alto.   Atta  Clau-         300.   Scma.      The  Megalesia, 

sus,    of    Sabine    origin,    was  the  see  N.  supr.  187,  were  called  Lu- 

head  of  tlie    Patrician  family  of  di  Sccnici,  for  which  scena  stands 

the    Claudii    at    Rome ;    whence  in  the  text ;    the  poet  inlers  the 

some   propose   to    read  Atta    for  truth  of   the    extraordinary    fact 

alto.  which  he  has  just  described,  from 

•282.  Acta  rca  est.     '  Was  ar-  its   having   been    commemorated 

raigned.'  by  represeutation  on  the  stage. 


PRID.   NON.   APRIL. 


199 


Mota  Dca  est ;  sequiturque  ducem,  laudatque  sequendo  : 

Index  laetitiae  fertur  in  astra  sonus. 
Fluminis  ad  flexum  veniunt ;  Tiberina  priores 

Ostia  dlxerunt,  iinde  sinister  abit. 
Nox  aderat :  querno  religant  a  stipite  funem  :  305 

Dantque  levi  sonino  corpora  functa  cibo. 
Lux  aderat  :  querno  solvnnt  a  stipite  funem  : 

Ante  tamen  posito  tliura  dedere  foco  : 
Ante  coronata  puppe  sine  labe  juvencam 

Mactarunt,  operum  conjiigiique  rudem.  3 1 0 

Est  locus,  in  Tiberin  qua  lubricus  influit  Almo, 

Et  nomen  magno  perdit  ab  amne  minor. 
Iliic  purpurea  canus  cum  veste  sacerdos 

Almonis  Dominam  sacraque  lavit  aquis. 
Exululant  comites,  fiiriosaque  tibia  flatur  ;  315 

Et  feriunt  molles  taurea  terga  manus. 
Claudia  prsecedit,  laeto  celeberrima  vultu  ; 

Credita  vix  tandem  teste  pudica  Dea. 
Ipsa  sedens  plaustro  porta  est  invecta  Capenii : 

Sparguntur  junctas  flore  recente  boves.  320 

Nasica  accepit :  templi  tunc  exstitit  auctor  ; 

Aiigustus  nunc  est :  ante  Metellus  erat. 


303.  Tiberina  Ostia.  Ostia-cc, 
Livy,  Ostia — orum,  Strabo.  A 
town  of  note  on  the  left  or  south 
side  of  Rome,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Tiber,  whence  its  name.  The 
first  Roman  colony  was  planted 
there  by  Ancus  Maitius,  called 
Colonia  Ostiensis.  It  was  cele- 
l)ratod  for  its  salt-works,  Salinae 
Ostienses,  from  which  the  Via 
Saliiria  was  so  called. 

;31 1.  Almo.  See  Fast.n.  N.  483. 

313.  Sacerdos.  'A^^i^th;;  the 
Archigallus.  He  w;is  usually 
dad  in  purple,  the  inferior  priests, 
liaili,  in  white. 

315.  Exululant.  Their  usual 
ejaculations   were,  iva,  ffafiol,  L'n; 

316.  Taurea  terga.  Drums, 
covered  with  the  hides  of  bulls, 
as  supr.  212. 

319.  PortaCapena.  NowPorta 
di  S.  Sebastiano,  opening-  out  on 


the  Appian  way.  The  Marcian 
aqueduct  passed  over  this  sate, 
whence  Juvenal ;  '  Substitit  ad 
veteres  arcus  madidamque  (^ape- 
nam.'  Sat.  3,  1 1  ;  madidani  dixit, 
quia  semper  inde  aliquid  stillabat. 
Forcel. 

321.  Nasica  accepit.  '^hospes 
Numinis  Idaei ;'  Juvenal,  Sat.  3, 
137.  In  consequence  of  a  decree 
of  the  senate;  '  qiiasrendum  vi- 
rum  optimum  in  civitale  esse,  qui 
earn  (Cybelen)  rite  hospitio  ex- 
ciperet,'  Liv.  xxix.  11,  P  :  Scipio 
Nasica,  son  of  Cneius  Scipio  and 
cousin  of  Scipio  Africanus,  wa.< 
appointed  on  account  of  the  re- 
markable integrity  of  his  life, 
'  adolescentem  nondum  quaestori- 
um,  judicaverunt  in  tola  civitate, 
virum  bonorum  optimum  esse,' 
Liv.  ibid.  14,  to  receive  the  god- 
dess, which  he  did,  according  to 
Livy,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Tiber, 


200 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  IV. 


Substitit  hic  Erato  ;  mora  fit,  si  caetera  quseram. 

Die,  inquam,  parva  cur  stipe  queerat  opes  ? 
Contulit  aes  populus,  de  quo  delubra  Metellus 

Fecit,  ait ;  dandoe  mos  stipis  indc  nianct. 
Cur  vicibus  factis  ineant  convivia,  quaero, 

Turn  magis,  indictas  concelebrentqvie  dapes  ? 
Quod  bene  mutarit  sedem  Berecyntliia,  dixit, 

Captant  mutatis  sedibus  omen  idem. 


325 


330 


'  ad  ostium  aninis  Tiberini  ab 
sacerdotibus  Deam  accepit,  &c. 
Liv.  ibid. 

—  Templi  tunc  exstitit  auctor. 
'  Then  the  founder  of  a  temple 
came  forward.'  Nasica  first  re- 
ceived and  afforded  the  deity  an 
abode  in  his  own  house,  then  a 
temple  was  built  for  her,  accord- 
ing to  the  poet,  by  Q.  Cfficilius 
Metellus,  who  collected  a  sum  of 
money  for  this  purpose,  infr.  325. 
Livy,  however,  states  it  to  have 
been  built  by  M.  Livius  and  C. 
Claudius,  censors.  It  was  restor- 
ed, after  it  had  suffered  consider- 
able damage  from  tire,  by  Augus- 
tus;  '  Temploruni  positor,  tem- 
plorum  sancte  repostor,'  Fast.  ii. 
63,  whence  Augustus  nunc,  Sfc. 
Some  copies  for  tunc  exstitit,  read 
noraperi-^i^if,  alluding  to  the  change 
in  the  name  of  the  founder. 

324.  Parva  stipe.  See  Fast.  i. 
N.  185,  sub.  fin.  'Ante  deum  ma- 
trem  cornu  tibicen  adunco  cum 
canit,  exigucB  quis  stipis  sera  ne- 
get.'  Ex.  Pont.  Ep.  I,  39.  During 
the  days  of  her  festival,  upon 
which  the  statue  of  the  goddess 
was  carried  through  the  city,  a 
man  and  woman,  (both  Phrygians, 
for  by  a  decree  of  the  senate  the 
Romans  were  forbidden  this  of- 
fice,) went  from  street  to  street 
collecting  money  to  defray  the 
expenses  &c.  of  the  deity  ;  so 
Eustathius  ;  M'/;T^ayyjrjrv,  ro  /i£- 
<ra  TuiiTcivuv  xai  r/Kuv  Toiovruv  'Zioi- 
I'mai,   xai  Izri  tm  fcnr^i  uytiotiy  tso- 

f  *f ;  whence  these  collectors  were 


called  MiiT^ayvarai,  from  /i-nrti^ 
and  ayiiou.  Cic.  de  Let/at.  ii.  c.  9. 
'  Praeter  Idseae  matris  famulos, 
eosque  justis  diebus,  nequis  sti- 
pem  cogito ;'  ibid.  c.  16.  '  Sti- 
pem  suslulimus,  nisi  earn  quam 
ad  paucos  dies  propriam  Idaja» 
Alatris  excepimus,  implet  enim 
superstitinne  animos  et  exhaurit 
domos.'  The  origin  of  this  cus- 
tom is  stated  in  the  text. 

327.  Cur  vicibus,  Sfc.  '  Why  do 
they  feast  with  each  other  by 
turns,'  Furcel.  ;  more  simply  ex- 
pressed by  the  obsolete  verb  mu- 
tito,  probably  by  syncope  for  mu- 
tuitu,  th.  mutuus.  *  Principes  civi- 
tatis,  qui  hidis  IVIegalensibus  an- 
tiquo  ritu  mutitareiit,  id  est,  mu- 
tna  inter  se  convivia  (al.  dominia, 
feasts  where  one  presided  who 
was  called  dotninus)  agitarent.' 
Gell.  ii.  c.  24.  Some,  however, 
from  mutarit  and  mutatis,  infr. 
355-6,  suppose  mutito  a  verb  fre- 
quentative from  muto.  The  ar- 
ranifement  of  the  feasts  and  sa- 
crifices of  Cybele  as  well  as  the 
other  deities,  was  at  last  assigned, 
in  order  to  remedy  the  confusion 
attendant  upon  them,  to  the  Tres- 
viri  Epulones,  three  men  ap- 
pointed to  take  charge  of  all  such 
matters. 

328.  Turn  mngis.  Mutuita. 
Heins. 

329.  Bene  mutarit  sedem.  la 
coming  from   Pessinus  to  Rome. 

330.  Sedibus.  The  houses 
where  the  feasts  were  prepared. 


NON.  APRIL 


201 


Institeram,  qiiare  prinii  Megalesia  ludi 

Urbe  forent  nostra  :  CLim  Dea,  (sensit  enim,) 
Ilia  Deos,  inquit,  peperit ;  cessere  parenti : 

Principiumque  dati  Mater  honoris  habet. 
C'lir  igitur  Gallos,  quibus  est  venerata,  vocamus,  335 

Cum  tanto  Phrygia  Gallica  distet  humus  ? 
Inter,  ait,  viridem  Cybelen  altasque  Celaenas, 

Amnis  it  insana,  nomine  Gallus,  aqua. 
Qui  bibit  inde,  fiu'it :  procid  hinc  discedite,  quels  est 

Cura  bonag  mentis  :  qui  bibit  inde,  furit.  340 

Non  pudet  herbosum,  dixi,  posuisse  moretum 

In  Dominae  mensis  ?  an  sua  causa  subest  ? 
Lacte  mere  veteres  usi  memorantur,  et  herbis, 

Sponte  sua  si  quas  terra  ferebat,  ait. 
Candidus  elisse  miscetur  caseus  herba;,  345 

Cognoscat  priscos  ut  Dea  prisca  cibos. 

NON.  APR.  FORTUNE  PUBLICiE  iEDES  DICAT. 


Postera  cum  ccclo  motis  Pallantias  astris 
Fulserit,  et  niveos  luna  levarit  equos  ; 

Qui  dicet,  Quondam  sacrata  est  colle  Quirini 
Hac  Fortuna  die  Publica ;  verus  erit. 


3.50 


•3-31.  Institeram.  '  I  had  ur- 
gently asked.'  Primi.  Principal, 
cliief;  as  appears  from  their  name, 
place  of  celebration,  &c. 

332.  Dea.     Erato. 

334.  Principiumque.  Cybele, 
as  their  general  parent,  took 
precedence  of  all  the  other  dei- 
ties. 

.337.  Cyhelen.  A  mountain  of 
Phrygia  Magna,  near  Celcense, 
which  was  formerly  its  capital, 
situated  at  the  common  springs 
of  the  Mffiander  and  AJarsyas, 
on  a  cognominal  mountain  ; 
whence  alias. 

341.  Moretum.  Gr.  //.uiraTov 
or  T^if/.f^x,  a  kind  <f  salad,  com- 
posed of  garlic,  parsley,  cheese, 
oil,  vinegar,  onions,  coriander, 
and  rue.    It  is  discussed  in  detail 


in  a  poem  entitled  Moretum, 
which  is  to  be  found  among  the 
Catalecta  of  Virgil. 

342.  Sua  causa.  '  A  peculiar 
motive.' 

345.  EliscE  herb(P.  Thence 
called  r^ifii.,u.a,,  from  Toifiu,  tero. 

346.  Priscos.  Primitive  ;  such 
as  the  goddess  may  have  been 
supposed  familiar  with  in  the 
days  of  Saturn. 

347.  Postera.  Non.  April. 
Pallantias.  Aurora;  so  called 
from  her  having  been  the  cousin 
of  Pallas,  the  Titan,  nephew  of 
her  father  Hyperion. 

348.  Levarit.  sc.  jupo. 

350.  Fortuna  Publica.  (Jr. 
Tu^t^n  IrtfioiT'ia.  Hac  die.  Non. 
Ap'ril. 


20-2 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  IV. 


OCT.  ID.  APR.  JUBA  VICTUS.  LIBRA  OCCIDIT. 
DIES  PLUVIUS. 


Tertia  lux,  memini,  ludis  erat ;  at  mihi  quidam 
Spectanti  senior,  contiguusque  loco, 

Haec,  ait,  ilia  dies,   Libycis  qua  CiEsar  in  oris 
Perfida  magnanimi  contudit  arma  Juba?. 

Dux  mihi  Ca.'sar  erat,  sub  cjuo  meruisse  tribunus 
Glorior  ;  officio  pra;fuit  ille  meo. 

Hanc  ego  militia,  sedem,  tu  pace  parasti, 


355 


351.  Tertia  lux.  The  third 
day  of  the  Megalesia,  the  day 
after  the  nones,  viii.  Id.  April, 
the  plays  were  represented  in 
commemoration  of  Casar's  tri- 
umph, as  infra. 

352.  Contiguusque  loco.  So 
Homer ;  ^nSt  %t  n;  {Wsa-^sv  thuv  i; 

353.  Libycis  oris.  u.  c.  707, 
Caesar  conquered  the  united  forces 
of  Cato,  Scipio  and  Juha,  to 
whom  the  two  former  liad  fled 
into  Africa  for  assistance  after 
the  defeat  of  Pompey  on  the 
plains  of  Pharsalia.  In  the  course 
of  this  engagement,  Caesar  made 
himself  master  of  three  camps, 
and  killed  fitfy  thousand  of  the 
enemy,  with  the  loss,  as  it  is  said, 
of  fifty  men  only.  This  was  his 
fourth  triumph;  'Triumphavit 
post  dcvictum  Scipionem  quater 
eodem  mense,  sed  interjectis  die- 
bus.  Primum  et  excellentissimum 
triumphum  egit  Gallicum,  se- 
quentem  Alexandrinum,  delude 
Ponticum,  proximum  Africanum.' 
Sueto?i.  It  is  singular  that  Plu- 
tarch mentions  three  only,  one 
for  Egypt,  another  for  Pontus, 
and  a  third  for  Africa.  By  perfi- 
da arma,  allusion  may  be  intended 
to  Juba's  having  been  a  Numi- 
dian,  or  his  opposition  to  the  arms 
of  Csesar,  which  the  poet  would 


designate  as  rebellious.  Magna- 
nimi, may  be  applied  in  reference 
to  Juba's  defeat  of  Curio,  whom 
Csesar  had  sent  into  Africa,  or  to 
his  having  killed  himself,  with 
Petreius,  who  had  shared  his  good 
and  evil  fortune,  after  he  had  been 
overcome  at  Thapsus,  and  aban- 
doned by  his  subjects;  the  Ro- 
mans having  considered  suicide 
as  an  act  of  heroism. 

355.  Meruisse.  '  To  have 
served.' 

356  Prafuit,  Because  tlie 
old  man,  senior,  supr.  352,  was  a 
military  tribune  under  the  empe- 
ror Csesar, 

357.  Hanc  sedem.  In  the  four- 
teen rows  between  the  orchestra 
and  the  pracinctio  prima,  (see 
Adams'  Rom.  Antiq.  Boyd's  new 
edition,  pp.  297,  298,)  reserved 
for  the  equestrian  order,  tribunes, 
&c.  It  appears,  however,  that  it 
was  by  virtue  of  his  civil  magis- 
tracy, bis  (juinos,  Ike.  and  not 
from  his  privilege  as  an  Eques, 
that  this  seat  was  assigned  to  the 
poet  in  the  text.  He  was  one  of 
the  Decejivuu  litibus  judicandis, 
appointed  by  Augustus,  who  were 
to  assemble  the  Centumviri,  or 
judges,  and  preside  at  their  courts. 
Ovid  probably  exercised  this  ofEce 
a  few  years  previous  to  his  banish- 
ment. 


PRID.  ID.  APRIL. 


203 


Inter  bis  quinos  usiis  honore  Viros. 
Plura  locuturi  subito  seducimur  imbre  : 
Pendula  caelestes  Libra  movebat  aquas. 


360 


TERT.  ID.  APR.   ORION  OCCIDIT. 

Ante  tamen,  qiiam  summa  dies  spectacula  sistat, 
Ensifer  Orion  aequore  mersus  erit. 

PRID.   ID.  APR.   LUDI  CEREALES. 


Proxima  victricem  ciim  Romam  inspexerit  Eos, 

Et  dederit  Phoebo  Stella  fugata  locum  ; 
Circus  erit  pompa  celeber  numeroque  Deorum  ; 

Priniaque  ventosis  pahna  petetur  equis. 
Hinc  Cereris  Ludi :  non  est  opus  indice  causa  ; 

Sponte  Dess  munus  promeritumque  patent. 
Messis  erant  primis  virides  mortalibus  herbae, 

Quas  tellus  nuUo  soUicitante  dabat. 
Et  modo  carpebant  vivaci  cespite  gramen  ; 


365 


370 


.359.  Subito  imbre.  The  setting 
of  Libra  having  been  attended 
with  rain.  Seducimur.  The  au- 
dience usually  returned  to  the 
porticoes  when  the  eutertain- 
raent  was  interrupted  by  rain  ; 
there  having  been  no  roofs  to  the 
earlier  theatres. 

560.  Pendula.  Poised  ;  in  re- 
ference to  the  literal  meaning  of 
libra. 

361.  Ante  tamen.  On  the  in. 
Id.  April,  Orion  sets  heliacally. 
Ensifer,  Ensiger.  A\.  in  allusion 
to  the  disposition  of  the  stars  in 
the  constellation  of  Orion,  which 
were  assimilated  by  the  ancients 
to  a  sword  and  belt.  According 
to  the  kalendar  of  Constautine, 
I  he  Megalesia  terminated  on  the 
IV.  Id.  April. 

363.  Proxima  Eos.  Prid.  Id. 
April,  the  Cerealia  commenced. 


365.  Circus.  Sc.  Maximus, 
wherein  the  games  accompanying 
the  festival  were  celebrated.  Be- 
fore they  began,  the  images  of 
the  gods  were  carried  in  proces- 
sion, pompa  celeber  numeroque,  ^c. 
on  carriages  and  in  frames,  '  in 
theusis  et  ferculis;'  Sueton.  Jul. 
76,  or  on  men's  shoulders,  with  a 
considerable  retinue  of  attendants, 
horse  and  foot.  Then  followed 
the  combatants,  dancers,  musi- 
cians, &c.  When  the  procession 
was  concluded,  the  sacred  rites 
were  performed  by  the  consuls 
and  priests. 

366.  Primaque  pahna.  sc.  vic- 
toria. In  imitation  of  the  Greeks, 
palms  were  given  to  the  victors  at 
the  games  ;  those  also  who  had 
received  crowns  for  their  warlike 
achievements,  first  wore  them  at 
the  games,  a.  u,  459,  Liv.  x.  47. 


204 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  IV 


Nunc  epula?  tenera  fronde  cacunien  erant. 
Postmodo  glans  nata  est :  bene  erat  jam  glande  reperta  ; 

Duraque  magnificas  quercus  habebat  opes. 
Prima  Ceres,  homine  ad  meliora  alimenta  vocato,  375 

Mutavit  glandes  utiliore  cibo. 
Ilia  jugo  tauros  collum  praebere  coegit ; 
Turn  primum  soles  eruta  vidit  humus. 
iEs  erat  in  pretio  :  chalybeia  massa  latebat : 

Heu  quam  perpetuo  debuit  ilia  tegi !  380 

Pace  Ceres  la'ta  est :  at  vos  optate,  coloni, 

Perpetuam  pacem,  perpetuumque  Ducem. 
Farra  Deae,  micaeque  licet  salientis  honorem 

Detis,  et  in  veteres  thurea  grana  focos. 
Et,  si  tlmra  aberunt,  unctas  accendite  taedas  :  385 

Parva  bonae  Cereri,  sint  modo  casta,  placent. 
A  bove  succinct!  cultros  removete  ministri ; 

Bos  aret :  ignavam  sacrificate  suem. 


The  palm-tree  is  said  to  have 
been  chosen  for  this  purpose,  be- 
cause from  its  elasticity  it  rises 
against  the  pressure  of  a  weight 
placed  upon  it;  'adversus  pondus 
resurgit,  et  sursum  nititur  ;'  Gell, 
iii.  6  ;  hence  it  is  used  to  signify 
any  token  of  victory,  or  victory 
itself.  Ventosis  equis.  Fleet, 
^\vi{t ;  itiiif  avifjioio'iii  ofjtoloi,  Horn. 
II.  X.  437.  The  shows  exhi- 
bited in  the  Circus  Maximus 
consisted,  according  to  Tacitus 
and  others,  principally  of  chariot 
and  horse-races. 

372.  Cacumen.  The  tops  of 
trees. 

375.  Prima  Ceres,  ^'C.  Thus 
amended  by  Heinsius,  Prima  Ce- 
res hominum  victu  ad  meliora  vo- 
cato. '  Prima  Ceres  ferro  mortales 
vertere  terram  Instituit;  cum 
jam  glandes  atque  arbuta  sacrse 
Deficerent  sylva3,  et  victum  Do- 
dona  negaret.'  Virg.  Georg.  i. 
148. 

379.  In  pretio.  Owing  to  its 
scarcity.  Chalybeia  massa.  Steel; 
so  called  from  Chalybes,  a  people 


of  Asia,  near  Pontus,  whose 
country  was  said  to  have  been  so 
barren  that  they  derived  their 
support  from  the  metals  in  which 
only  the  country  abounded.  Ac- 
cording to  some  writers,  tempered 
or  sheer  steel,  only,  is  properly 
called  Chalyhs,  from  its  having 
been  dipped  in  a  river  of  that 
name  in  Spain,  in  order  to  harden 
it,  whence  also  the  people  adja- 
cent were  called  Chalybes.  Stra- 
bo  says  that  this  was  the  ancient 
name  of  the  Chaldeans  ; — 0<'  It 
vvv  XaX^aioi,  XaXf/Stj  to  TuXaiit 
utofiLa.Z,a.tTo,  &c.  He  identities 
them  further  with  the  Halizones 
in  Homer,  and  the  Alyba  of  the 
poet  with  Chalyba  ;  Klra,^  ' Aki- 
Z,aivu)V  ' dhioi  Ka.1  'hWitrr^o(fos  fi^X'* 
T'/tXohv  i^  '.\Xu[ifis,  ohi  a^yv^au  \itti 
yinlXri' 

387.  Cultros  removete.  A  law 
is  said  to  have  been  in  force 
among  the  primitive  inhabitant» 
of  Italy,  by  which  a  similar  pun- 
ishment was  inflicted  upon  out» 
who  had  killed  a  man  or  an  ox. 

388.  Ignavam  suem.      A  preg- 


PRID.  ID.  APRIL. 


•205 


Apta  jugo  cervix  non  est  ferienda  securi ; 

Vivat,  et  in  dura  sajpe  laboret  humo.  390 

Exigit  ipse  locus,  raptus  ut  virginis  edam  : 

Plura  recognosces  ;  paiica  docendus  eris. 
Terra  tribus  scopulis  vastum  procurrit  in  aequor 

Trinacris  ;  a  positu  nomen  adepta  loci. 
Grata  domus  Cereri ;  multas  ibi  possidet  urbes  ;  395 

In  quibus  est  culto  fertilis  Henna  solo. 
Frigida  caelestum  matres  Aretluisa  vocarat ; 

Venerat  ad  sacras  et  Dea  flava  dapes. 
Filia,  consuetis  ut  erat  comitata  puellis, 

Errabat  nudo  per  sua  prata  pede.  400 

Valle  sub  umbrosa  locus  est,  aspergine  multa 

Uvidus  ex  alto  desilientis  aquae. 
Tot  fuerant  illic,  quot  habet  natura,  colores  ; 


nant  sow  was  sacrificed  to  Ceres, 
because  of  the  injuries  it  com- 
mitted on  the  corn  fields ;  '  et 
prima  putatur  Hoslia  sus  meru- 
isse  mori,  quia  semina  pando 
Eruerit  rostro,  spemque  interce- 
perit  anni.'  Metam.  xv.  111.  Pont. 
ii.  9,  30, 

391.  Virginis.  Proserpine, 
daughter  of  Ceres  and  Jupiter. 

394.  Trinacris.  Sicily ;  so 
called  from  its  situation  and  tri- 
angular shape. 

395.  Grata  domus  Cereri.  Ce- 
res had  a  temple  in  Sicily, 
founded  by  Gelon,  a  Syracusan, 
containing  two  images  of  the  god- 
dess, one  of  marble  and  the  other 
brass.  Died.  Sic.  ii.  The  fertility 
of  Sicily  was  proverbial,  whence 
it  easily  came  to  be  considered  as 
the  chosen  abode  of  Ceres. 

396.  Henna,  or  EnJia.  A  town 
said  to  be  in  the  centre  of  Sicily, 
situated  on  an  eminence,  to  the 
south  of  the  Chrysas ;  famous 
for  a  sacred  grove,  and  the  site  of 
the  temple  already  mentioned. 

397.  Arcthusa.  Nymph  of  a 
fountain  in  Syracuse,  whence/ri- 
gida  ;  she  is  said  by  the  poets  to 
have  invited   Ceres  to  the  ban- 


quet, that  Pluto  might  take  ad- 
vantage of  her  absence  to  carry 
away  Proserpine.  According  to 
Claudian,  De  Raptu  Proserp.  i. 
134,  both  Mars  and  Apollo  were 
her  suitors  also,  for  whom  res- 
pectively Juno  and  Latona  ex- 
erted their  influence  with  Ceres, 
but  without  effect. 

400.     Nudo    per     sua    prata 
pede. 

'  Nor  is  the  mead  unworthy  of  thy  fout. 
Full  of  fresh  verdure,  and  unnumber'd 

flowers, 
The  negligence  of  Nature,    wide,  and 

wild; 
Where  undisguis'd    by  mimic   art  ihe 

spreads 
Unboundeti  beauty  to  the  roving  eye. 
Thomson. 

401.  Zocws.  The  cavern  whence, 
according  to  the  poets,    Pluto  is- 
sued to  seize  his  future  bride. 
403.    Tot  fuerant  illic,  |c. 

•  Infinite  numbers,  delicacies,  smells. 
With  hues  on  hues,  expression  cannot 

paint. 
The  breath  of  Nature  and  her  endless 

bloom,'  &c. 

Tfiatnson. 


206 


FA  ST  0  RUM,  LIB.  IV. 


Pictaque  dissimili  flore  nitebat  humus. 
Qnam  simul  aspexit ;  Comites,  accedite,  dixit ;  405 

Et  mecum  vestros  flore  replete  sinus. 
Pra;da  puellares  animos  prolectat  inanis  ; 

Et  non  sentitur  sedulitate  labor. 
Haec  implet  lento  calathos  e  vimine  textos ; 

Haec  gremium,  laxos  degravat  ilia  sinus.  410 

Ilia  legit  calthas  ;  huic  sunt  violaria  curse  ; 

Ilia  papavereas  subsecat  ungue  comas. 
Has,  hyacinthe,  tenes :  illas,  amarante,  moraris  ; 

Pars  thynia,  pars  casiam,   pars  meliloton  amant. 
Plurima  lecta  rosa  est,   et  sunt  sine  nomine  flores  ;         415 

Ipsa  crocos  tenues,  liliaque  alba  legit. 
Carpendi  studio  paulatim  longiiis  itur; 

Et  dominam  casu  nulla  secuta  comes. 
Hanc  videt,  et  visam  patruus  velociter  aufert ; 

Regnaque  caeruleis  in  sua  portat  equis.  420 

Ilia  quidem  clamabat,  lo,  carissima  mater, 

Auferor  ;  ipsa  suos  abscideratque  sinus. 


408.  Et  non  sentitur.  '  Studio 
fallente  laborera.'  Horat.  Sat.  ii. 
2,  12. 

411.    Calthas.     Marigolds. 

413.  Hyacinthe.  According  to 
the  poets,  the  boy  Hyacinthus, 
u'ho  was  undesignedly  slain  by 
Apollo,  was  chanced  by  him  into 
a  hyacinth,  which  was  marked 
with  the  notes  of  lamentation, 
AI,  AI,  to  express  Apollo's  grief; 
whence  iMoschus,  in  I3ion.  mort. 
Nuv  uoiKivh  Xakii  TO,  au.  yoay.y.dTo., 
x,ot.t  5rX$3v  AI,  Al,  Aati^avi  ffoi$ 
TtTccXatiri,  xaXn;  Tihajn  (/aXiktu.;. 
The  same  flower  is  said  also  to 
have  sprung  from  the  blood  of 
Ajax  when  he  killed  himself,  the 
letters  of  the  leaves  expressing 
half  his  name,  as  well  as  lamen- 
tation at  his  death  ;  '  rubefacta- 
que  sanguine  tellus  Purpureum 
viridi  genuit  de  cespite  florem,' 
&c.  Metam.  xiii.  394.  Alartyn 
conjectures  the  hyacinth  of  the 
poets  to  be  tho  Imperial  Marta- 
gon,  Liliumfloribus  refiexis,  upon 


the  leaves  of  which  he  professes 
to  have  traced  the  letters  in  ques- 
tion. Amarante.  Amaranth,  or 
Everlasting,  from  Gr.  apriv.  and 
[ta.^aiii[/.ai,  marcesco. 

414.  Casiam.  See  Martyn's 
Georgics  of  Virgil,  ii.  213.  Me- 
liloton, the  herb  melilot,  or  Italian 
clover. 

415.  Et  sunt  si7ie  nomine  flores. 
Lecti  sine  nomine  flores.   Heins. 

416.  Liliaque  alba  legit.  So 
Claudian  ;  '  Et  aut  violas  aut 
Candida  lilia  carpit.' 

419.  Patruus.     Pluto. 

420.  Caruleis.  Steeds  of  such 
a  colour  were  best  suited  to  the 
king  of  the  shades. 

421.  /o.  '  Dolendi  interjectio 
exclamantis  in  aliquo  affectu  ;  ut 
in  dolore,'  Forcel. 

422.  Abscideratque.  Many 
copies  read  Exscideratq.  as  Virg. 
jS^neid,  iv.  '  Turn  plus  .33neas 
humeris  exscindere  vestes  Auxi- 
lioque  vocare  Deos.' 


PRID.  ID.  APRIL.  207 

Panditur  interea  Diti  via  ;  jamque  diurnum 

Lumen  inassiieti  vix  patiuntur  equi. 
At  chorus  aequalis,  cumulatis  flore  canistris,  425 

'  Persephone,'  clamant,  '  ad  tua  dona  veni/ 
Ut  clamata  silet,  monies  ululatibus  implant ; 

Et  feriunt  moestse  pectora  nuda  nianus. 
Attonita  est  plangore  Ceres ;  modo  venerat  Hennam : 

Nee  mora.  Me  miseram !  filia,  dixit,   ubies?  4.30 

Mentis  inops  rapitur,  quales  audire  solemus 

Threicias  passis  Maenadas  ire  comis. 
Ut  vitulo  mugit  sua  mater  ab  ubere  rapto, 

Et  quaerit  fcetus  per  nemus  omne  suos  ; 
Sic  Dea;  nee  retinet  gemitus,   et  concita  cursu  43.5 

Fertur ;  et  e  campis  incipit,  Henna,  tuis. 
Inde  puellaris  nacta  est  vestigia  plantae, 

Et  pressam  noto  pondere  vidit  humum. 
Forsitan  ilia  dies  errori  summa  fuisset. 

Si  non  turbassent  signa  reperta  sues.  440 

Jamque  Leontinos,   Amenanaque  flumina  cursu 

Praeterit,  et  ripas,  herbifer  Aci,  tuas  : 
Praeterit  et  Cyanen,  et  fontem  lenis  Anapi ; 

Et  te,  vorticibus  non  adeunde  Gela. 

423.  Panditur.     Through  the  tlirough  Catana,  falling  into  tlie 

cavern  already  mentioned.  Ionian   sea.     For  cu7-su  Heinsius 

425.    Chorus   aqualis. — o/it,riXt-  proposescarsj/n,  the  former  having 

xWiv  i^aTiivri-i.  Horn.  II.  iii.  173.  occurred  so  recently  supr.  435. 

432.  Tkreicia.i  Manadas.  The  442.    Aci.      Acis,    a   river    of 

Thracian   Bacchanals,    so   called  Sicily,  running  from  a  very  cold 

from  Gr.  ij.a.'iiiof/.oi.i,  insanio.  spring    at    the    foot    of   Mount 

440.     Turbassent  signa.      By  ^tna ;  remarkable   for  the  ver- 

rooting  up  the  ground.  dant  beauty  of  its  banks,  whence 

44:1.  Leontinos.   Leontium  was  herbifer,  and  also  for  the  swift- 

a    town   of  Sicily  on   the    south  ness  of  its  current,  from  which  it 

side   of  the    river   Terias.     The  derives  its  name,   Gr.  a»h  saqitta. 

territory  called  Campi  Leontini,  Now  called  Aci,  laci,  or  Chiaei. 
formerly  Campi  Laestrigonii,  was  443.   Cyanen.      A  fountain  of 

remarkable  for  its  fertility.     The  Syracuse,  in   Sicily,  from  which 

name  is  derived  from  Leo,  a  lion  a  stream  runs  into  the  river  An- 

having    been    the   impression   on  apus  ;  also  a  river  of  Sicily,  and 

their  coins.    Now  called  Lentini,  whose  name  signifies  in  the  Phoe- 

a  town    situated  in   the   Val   di  nician  dialect,  a  grape,  in  which 

Noto,  south-east  of  Sicily.    Ame-  fruit  the  country  adjacent  to  the 

nanaque  jlumina.     The  Amena-  river  abounded, 
nus,    now    Indicello,    a    river    in  444.  Gela.    Gelas,  now  Fiume 

Sicily,  rising  in  mount  J5tna,  and  di  Terra   Nuova,  an  exceedingly 

after    a     course     of     ten    miles  rapid  river  of  Sicily,  whence  vor- 


208 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  IV, 


Liqtierat  Ortygien,  Megareaque,  Pantagienque,  445 

Quaque  Simsetheas  accipit  aequor  aquas ; 
Antraque  Cyclopuni  positis  exusta  caminis, 

Quique  locus  curvae  nomina  f'alcis  habet ; 
Ilinieraque,  et  Didymen,  Acragantaque,  Tauromenonque, 

Sacrorumque  Melan  pascua  laeta  boum.  450 

Hinc  Camerinan  adit,  Thapsonque,  et  Heloria  tenipe ; 


ticibns  non  adeunde,  flowing  into 
the  sea  between  Asrrifjentum  and 
Syracuse.    Virg.  ^^neid,  iii.  702. 

445.  Ortygien.  An  island  ad- 
joininsT  Syracuse,  of  which  it 
lormed  one  of  the  four  parts  un- 
der the  name  of  Nasos,  Doric  for 
'HyKfo; ;  it  was  joined  to  Syracuse 
by  a  bridge.  Megara,  formerly 
called  Hybia,  was  a  town  towards 
the  eastern  coast  of  Sicily ;  it 
was  extinct  in  Strabo's  time,  but 
the  name  Hybla  remained,  on 
account  of  the  remarkable  excel- 
lence of  its  honey.  Pantagias, 
now  Porcari,  a  small  but  rapid 
river  of  Sicily,  running  into  the 
Ionian  sea  to  the  north  of  the 
Sinus  Megarensis  ;  so  called  from 
Gr.  'xocvra.  ayuv,  because  when 
swollen  by  the  mountain  tor- 
rents its  current  became  very 
violent. 

446.  Simatheas  aquas,  Sime- 
thus,  a  river  near  Catana  and  the 
rocks  of  the  Cyclops ;  it  was  fa- 
mous for  its  mullets. 

447.  Antra.  In  mount  .^tna  ; 
'  Quam  subter  specus  et  Cyclo- 
pum  exesa  caminis  Antra  .^tusea 
toiiant ;'    Virg.  ^-Eneiil,  viii.  418. 

448.  Quique  locus,  Sfc.  Mess- 
ana  ;  called  also  Zancle,  from 
Z.riyy.>~ri,falx ;  the  sickle  of  Saturn, 
according  to  the  poets,  having 
dropped  into  Sicily,  for  which 
Zancle  was  also  the  general  name. 
This  fable  doubtless  arose  from 
tlie  great  fertility  of  the  country. 
Bv  some  Drepanum  is  understood 


to  be  the  place  alluded  to  in  the 
text,  which  is  so  called  from  (ir. 
'h^i'ru,'iio;,falx,  in  reference  to  the 
shape  of  its  shore,  or  according 
to  others,  for  a  similar  reason  to 
that  already  given  with  regard  to 
Zancle ;  but  as  there  is  an  im- 
plied allusion  to  this  city  subse- 
quently, in  the  mention  of  Eryx, 
at  whose  base  it  was  situated,  the 
text  may  be  better  explained  as 
referring  to  Messana. 

449.  Himera.  A  town,  with  a 
cognominal  river,  between  Pelo- 
rus  and  Lilyboeum.  Didymen. 
One  of  the  Liparean  islands. 
Acraganta.  A  town  of  Sicily, 
built  upon  a  steep  hill,  between 
Pachynus  and  Lilyboeum,  called 
by  the  Latins  Agrigentum ;  now 
Fiume  di  Gergenti.  Tauromen- 
onque. A  city  of  Sicily,  between 
Pachynus  and  Pelorus ;  so  called 
because  it  was  built  on  mount 
Taurus. 

450.  Sacrorum.  Intended  for 
sacrifices.  Melan.  A  river  in 
Sicily. 

451.  Camerinan.  A  town  near 
the  river  Gelas.  Thapson.  A 
peninsula  of  Sicily,  to  the  nortli 
of  Syracuse ;  almost  level  with 
the  sea,  whence  Virgil ;  '  Thap- 
sumque  jacentem.'  jUneid,  iii. 
689.  Heloria  tempe.  Helorus 
was  a  town  of  Sicily,  near  Pa- 
chynus, with  a  cognominal  river 
which  watered  a  beautiful  plain 
called  Helorius  campus,  the  He- 
loria tempe  in  the  text.  The  name 


PRID.  ID.  APRIL. 


209 


Quaque  patet  Zejihyro  semper  apertus  Eryx. 
Jamque  Peloriaden,  Lilybseaqiie,  jamque  Pachynon 

Lustrarat,  terrae  cornua  trina  suae. 
Quacunque  ingreditur,  miseris  loca  ciincta  querelis        -0)5 

Implet ;  ut  amissum  ciim  gemit  ales  Ityn. 
Perque  vices  modo,  Persephone,  modo  Filia,  clamat : 

Clamat,  et  alternis  nomen  utrumque  ciet. 
Sed  neque  Persephone  Cererem,  neqiie  fiha  matrem 

Audit ;  et  alternis  nomen  utrumque  perit.  460 

Unaque,  pastorem  vidisset,  an  arva  colentem, 

Vox  erat ;  Hac  gressus  ecqua  puella  tulit  ? 
Jum  color  unus  inest  rebus,  tenebrisque  teguntur 

Omnia  ;  jam  vigiles  conticuere  canes. 
Alta  jacet  vasti  super  ora  Typhoeos  ^Etne,  465 

Cujus  anhelatis  ignibus  ardet  humus. 
Illic  accendit  geminas  pro  lampade  pinus  ; 

Hinc  Cereris  sacris  nunc  quoque  taeda  datur. 
Est  specus  exesi  structura  pumicis  asper, 


Tempe,  Gr.  pi.  Ti^uTfi,  is  properly 
r'ifiii^;,  a  sacred  grove,  or  choice 
portion  of  land,  in  the  ^olic 
dialect  rs^u.ra; ;  hence  it  is  sup- 
posed the  Romans  formed  temptis 
and  its  diminutive  tempulmn  or 
templum.  It  was  formerly  applied 
only  to  the  celebrated  vale  in 
Thessaly,  but  afterwards  any 
place  remarkable  for  its  natural 
beauties  might  have  been  so 
called ;  besides  that  mentioned 
in  the  text  there  was  a  Tempe 
Teumessia  in  Boeotia,  near  mount 
Teumessos. 

4.52.  Eryx.  A  mountain  of 
Sicily,  on  the  sea  coast,  between 
Panormus  and  Drepanum,  the 
highest,  after  .33tna,  in  the 
whole  island,  whence  patet  Ze- 
pliyro,  §-c.  It  was  so  called  alter 
Eryx,  the  son  of  Venus  and 
Butes,  who  was  slain  by  Her- 
cules in  a  contest  with  the  cestus, 
and  buried  on  the  mountain, 
where  he  had  built  a  celebrated 
temple  to  Venus. 

453.  Peloriaden,  sc.  montem. 
Pelorus,  one   of  the  three  pro- 


montories of  Sicily,  near  the 
strait  of  Messina,  Pelorins, 
sometimes  denotes  a  district  dis- 
tinct from  the  promontory.  It 
is  said  by  some  to  have  been  so 
called  from  Pelorus,  the  pilot  of 
the  vessel  which  carried  Hanni- 
bal from  Italy,  who  was  murdered 
by  the  latter  through  unfounded 
suspicion  of  treachery ;  accord- 
ing to  others,  it  had  received  the 
name  long  before.  Lilyhcea.  A 
promontory,  town,  and  port  on 
the  south-west  of  Sicily,  facing 
the  promontories  of  Carthage, 
whence,  according  to  Bochart,  it 
takes  name,  being  opposite  to 
Lybia.  Pachynon.  Now  Capo 
Passalo,  or  Passaro,  a  promon- 
tory on  the  south-east  side  of 
Sicily.  Virgil  shortens  the  first 
syllable  in  Pachynus  ;  Ovid  va- 
ries its  quantity;  Dionysius  Pe- 
riegetes  shortens  the  middle  syl- 
lable. 

469.  Pumicis. ' Solent  etiam  viva 
saxa  cavernulis  plena,  et  pumi- 
cem  imitantia,  hoc  nomine  appel- 
lari.    Forcel. 

t2 


210 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  IV. 


Non  homini  regio,  non  adeunda  feraj : 
Quo  simul  ac  venit,  fr<Enatos  curribus  angues 

Jungit,  et  aequoreas  sicca  per er rat  aquas. 
Effugit  et  Syrtes,  et  te,  Zanclaea  Charybdi ; 

Et  vos,  Nisaei,  nautVaga  monstra,  canes ; 
Hadriacumque  patens  late,  bimaremque  Corinthon 

Sic  venit  ad  portus,  Attica  terra,  tuos. 


470 


475 


471.  Angues.  Her  chariot  is 
represented  as  drawn  by  snakes. 

473.  Syrtes.  Two  bays  on  the 
coast  of  Africa,  destructive  by 
reason  of  their  shoals,  violent 
eddies,  and  the  reciprocations  of 
the  tides,  by  which  vessels  were 
stranded  on  the  sand  banks,  and 
hence  their  appellation  from  <tv- 
^if>,  trahere.  They  were  divided 
into  greater  and  less,  the  former, 
now  g-ulf  of  Sidra  or  Zaloco,  lies 
on  the  coast  of  Cyrenaica,  to  the 
east ;  the  latter,  the  gulf  of  Ca- 
bes,  on  that  of  Byzacene  to  the 
west.  In  the  text,  however,  Syr- 
tes is  applied  to  Charybdis  and 
Scylla,  the  former  a  whirlpool  in 
the  straits  of  Messina  and  Sicily, 
whence  Zanclcea  ;  so  called  from 
Or.  ;^ai\s;v,  dehiscere,  and  fu[iiy,v, 
vehementer ;  now  Cariddi ;  the 
latter  a  rock  in  the  Fretum  Sicu- 
lum,  near  the  coast  of  Italy, 
equally  dangerous  to  shipping. 

474.  N^isai  canes.  The  poets 
frequently  confound,  as  in  the 
present  instance,  Scylla  the  daugh- 
ter of  Nisus  king  of  Megam  who 
cut  off  her  father's  pnrple  lock  of 
hair,  in  order  to  ingratiate  herself 
with  Minos,  (of  whom  she  was 
enamoured,  and  who  was  thus  en- 
abled to  defeat  Nisus,  with  whom 
he  was  at  war,)  and  the  Scylla 
intended  in  the  text,  who  was  tiie 
daughter  of  Piiorcns  and  the 
nymph  Chretheis.  She  was  be- 
loved by  Glaucus,  but  rejected  his 
suit,  whereupon  he  had  recourse 
to  Circe  in  order  that  she  mieht 
enable  him  to  prevail  by  the  aid 


of  magic.  The  goddess  however, 
became  attached  to  him  herself, 
and  to  wean  him  from  his  con- 
stancy to  Scylla,  which  he  affirm- 
ed should  last  while  she  lived, 
Circe  poisoned  the  fountain,  near 
Rhegium,  where  she  used  to 
bathe.  Upon  her  descending  into 
the  stream,  she  was  transformed 
to  the  waist,  into  various  horrible 
shapes,  of  barking  dogs,  &c.  ; 
disgusted  with  herself  she  plung- 
ed into  the  sea  and  was  changed 
into  a  rock,  which  was  said  to 
have  resounded  still  with  her 
dogs  and  wolves,  for  which  the 
affrighted  sailors  mistook  the 
roariug  of  the  waves  in  its  vici- 
nity. 

475.  Hadriacum,  sc.  mare,  call- 
ed also  supernum,  now  the  Gulf 
of  V^enice,  washing  the  southern 
part  of  Italy.  Simaremque  Corin- 
thon. A  rich  commercial  city  of 
Achaia,  in  the  southern  part  of 
the  istiimus  which  joins  the 
Peloponnesus  to  the  continent, 
anciently  called  Ephyra  j  it  is 
washed  by  two  seas,  the  Ionian 
and  ^gean,  whence  Gr.  hfaXa^- 
a-o;,  a/it.p^xXatr(rt>;,  Lat.  Biniaris. 

Yet  she  stands, 

A  fortress  formed  to  Freedom's  hands. 
The  whirlwind's  wrath,  tlie  earthquake^ 

shock. 
Have  left  untouched  her  hoary  rock, 
The  keystone  of  a  land,  which  still 
Though  fallen,  looks  proudly  on  that  hill, 
The  landmark  to  the  double  tide 
That  purpling  rolls  on  either  side. 
As  if  their  waters  chafed  to  meet. 
Yet  pause,  and  crouch  t^eneath  her  feet. 
Jiyron. 


PRID.   ID.   APRIL. 


•211 


Hic  prinium  sedit  gelido  mcestissima  saxo  ; 

Illud  Cecropidae  nunc  quoque  Triste  vocant. 
Sub  Jove  duravit  multis  inimota  diebus, 

Et  lunae  patiens,  et  pluvialis  aqua.  4bU 

Fors  sua  cuique  loco  est ;  quo  nunc  Cerealis  Eleusin, 

Dicitur  hoc  Celei  rura  fuisse  senis. 
Ille  donnnii  glandes  excussaque  mora  rubetis 

Portat,  et  arsuris  arida  ligna  focis. 
Filia  parva  duas  redigebat  rupe  capellas  ; 

Et  tener  in  cunis  filius  aeger  erat. 
Mater,  ait  virgo,  (mota  est  Dea  nomine  matris,) 

Quid  facis  in  solis  incomitata  jugis  ? 
Restitit  et  senior,  quamvis  onus  urget ;  et  orat 

Tecta  suae  subeat  quantulacunque  casac. 
Ilia  negat ;  (simularat  anum,  mitraque  capillos 

Presserat,)  instanti  talia  dicta  refert : 
Sospes  eas,  semperque  parens  :  mihi  filia  rapta  est : 

Heu  melior  quanto  sors  tua  sorte  mea ! 
Dixit :   et,  ut  lachrymae,  (neque  enim  lachrymare  Deoruni 
est.)  495 

Decidit  in  tepidos  lucida  gutta  siuus. 


485 


4f/<» 


478.  Cecropidae.  Fast.  iii.  N. 
79.  Triste.  This  stone  upon 
which  Ceres  first  seated  herself 
on  her  arrival  in  Greece,  was  call- 
ed 'AysXao-ra;  -riToa.,  near  a  well 
called  Ka.xy.ixoz''^-  Attica,  as  ap- 
pears from  what  follows,  was 
barren  and  desolate  at  the  period 
of  Ceres'  arrival. 

481.  Eleusin. — inos.  f.  A  mar- 
itime town  of  Attica,  on  the 
western  bank  of  the  Cephisus; 
from  Gr.  \Xiuffi;,  adventus,  in  re- 
ference to  the  arrival  of  Ceres, 
to  whom  it  was  considered  sa- 
cred, and  from  which  her  cele- 
brated mysteries,  the  Eleusinia, 
received  their  name.  The  poet  is 
accused  of  an  anachronism  here, 
since  he  seems  to  infer  that  Ceres 
was  the  founder  of  Eleusis, 
whereas  it  is  said  to  have  been 
built  by  Ogygcs,  four  hundred 
years  before  the  carrying  away  of 
Proserpine,  which  occurred  ac- 
cording to  Eusebius  in  the  time 


of  Lynceus,  or  more  probably  in 
the  age  of  Theseus. 

482.  Cele'i.  This  description  of 
Celeus  seems  in  some  degree  at 
variance  with  the  more  generally 
received  account,  that  he  was  the 
sovereign  of  Eleusis. 

483.  Mora.  Blackberries ;  Gr. 
/jLo^ov  or  f/,a^oii,  from  f^aueo;,  tiiger. 
Rubetis.  Places  where  bramble 
bushes  grow,  Furcel.  Gr.  (iaruv. 

491.  Mitrd.  Which  she  wore 
after  the  fashion  of  the  Phrygian 
and  Meeonian  women. 

495.  Ut  lachri/ma.  '  Like  tears, 
a  pearly  drop  descended,'  &c.  It 
is  to  be  supposed  that  as  a  pe- 
culiar kind  of  fluid  issued  from 
a    wound    inflicted    on    a    deitv, 

■rjj  Ti  p'zci  /jt.oi.y.a.oi(T<n  holirt,  Horn.  IL 
V.  339,  so  they  expressed  their 
grief  by  other  tears  than  those 
shed  by  mortals,  7ieque  enim  la- 
chrymare, ^'C. 


212  FASTORUM,  LIB.  IV. 

Flent  pariter,  moUes  animi,  virgoque  senexque  : 

E  quibus  haec  justi  verba  fuere  senis  : 
Sic  tibi,  quam  raptam  quereris,  sit  filia  sospes, 

Surge  ;  nee  exiguae  despice  tecta  casae.  500 

Cui  Dea,  Due,  inquit :  scisti,  qua  cogere  posses: 

Seque  levat  saxo,  subsequiturque  senem. 
Dux  comiti  narrat,  quam  sit  sibi  filius  feger, 

Nee  capiat  somnos,  invigiletque  malis. 
Ilia  soporiterum,  parvos  initura  penates,  505 

Colligit  agresti  lene  papaver  humo. 
Dum  legit,  oblito  fertur  gustasse  palato, 

Longamque  imprudens  exsoluisse  famem. 
Quae  quia  principio  posuit  jejunia  noctis, 

Tenipus  habent  Mystae  sidera  visa  cibi.  510 

Limen  ut  intravit,  luctiis  videt  omnia  plena  ; 

Jam  spes  in  puero  nulla  salutis  erat. 
Matre  salutata,  (mater  Metanira  vocatur,) 

Jungere  dignata  est  os  puerile  suo. 
Pallor  abit,  subitasque  vident  in  corpore  vires  ;  515 

Tantus  caelesti  venit  ab  ore  vigor. 
Tota  domus  laeta  est,  hoc  est,  materque  paterque 

Nataque  ;  tres  illi  tota  fuere  domus. 
Mox  epulas  ponunt,  liquefacta  coagula  lactis, 

Pomaque,  et  in  teneris  aurea  mella  favis.  52(» 

Abstinet  alma  Ceres  ;  somnique  papavera  causas 

Dat  tibi  cum  tepido  lacte  bibenda,  puer. 
Noctis  erat  medium,  placidique  silentia  somni ; 

Triptolemum  gremio  sustulit  ilia  suo  : 
Terque  manu  permulsit  eum  ;  tria  carmina  dixit ;  525 

Carmina  mortali  non  referenda  sono. 
Inque  foco  pueri  corpus  vivente  favilla 

Obruit,  humanum  purget  ut  ignis  onus. 
Excutitur  somno  stulte  pia  mater,  et  aniens, 

Quid  facis  ?  exclamat ;  membraque  ab  igne  rapit.      530 


502.  Saxo.     Siipr.  477.  ties  into  oblivion  of  her  sorrows. 

d07.  Oblito  palato.  Becanse  she         510.    Mystcp.     The    priests   of 

had  resolved  to  abstain  from  food  Ceres,  so   called    from    Gr.  fivu, 

until  she    found    her    daughter,  previa,  or  //.via,  initio.     For  the 

Servius  gives  two  reasons  for  the  Ephori,   EpoptCE,  &c.  see  Class, 

jjoppy  being  calle<l  '  cereale  papa-  Die.  Eleusinia. 
ver,'   either  from  its  having  been         519.    Coagula.     Rennet  whey, 
used  like  common   food,   or  from         52S.     Humanum    onus.     The 

(^eres,     as     supr.     having    been  body  of  the  young  Triptolemus. 
soothed  by  its   soporific   proper-        o29.  Stulte  pia.  Foolishly  fond. 


PRID.  ID.  APRIL. 


213 


Cui  Dea,  Dam  non  es,  dixit,  scelerata  fuisti ! 

Irrita  niaterno  sunt  mea  dona  metu. 
Iste  quidem  mortalis  erit ;  sed  primus  arabit, 

Et  seret,  et  culta  praemia  toilet  hiimo. 
Dixit ;   et  egrediens  nubem  trahit,  inque  dracones       535 

Transit,  et  aligero  tollitur  axe  Ceres. 
Sunion  expositum,  Piraeaque  tuta  recessu 

Linquit,  et  in  dextrum  quae  jacet  ora  latus. 
Hinc    init  iEgaeum,  quo  Cycladas  aspicit  omnes; 

loniumque  rapax,  Icariumque  legit.  540 

Perque  urbes  Asiae  longum  petit  Hellespontum, 

Diversumque  locis  alta  pererrat  iter. 
Nam  modo  thurilegos  Arabas,  modo  despicit  Indos  ; 

Hinc  Libys,  hinc  Meroe,  siccaque  terra  subest. 
Nvmc  adit  Hesperios,  Rhenum,  Rhodanumque,  Padumquc, 

Teque,  future  parens,   Tibri,  potentis  aquae.  [545 

Quo  feror  ?  immensum  est  erratas  dicere  terras  ; 

Praeteritus  Cereri  nullus  in  orbe  locus. 
Errat  et  in  coelo  ;  liquidique  irnmunia  ponti 

Alloquitur  gelido  proxima  signa  polo  :  550 

Parrhasides  stellae,  (namque  omnia  nosse  potestis, 


532.  Irrita,  Sfc.  The  object  of 
Ceres  was  to  endue  him  with 
immortality,  but  her  design  was 
frustrated  by  the  groundless  fears 
of  Metanira. 

333.  Primus  arahit.  The  ho- 
nour of  having  invented  the 
plough  is  variously  ascribed,  by 
some  to  Osiris  or  Buzyges,  by 
others,  with  the  poet,  to  Tripto- 
lemus. 

535.  Inque  dracones.  Ascends 
her  chariot,  drawn  by  dragons. 

537.  Suiiion.  A  promontory, 
whence  expositum,  of  Attica. 
Piraa.  A  celebrated  port  to  the 
west  of  Atheu?,  consisting  of 
three  natural  harbours,  or  basins, 
Pirteus,    Cantharon,  and  Zea. 

538.  In  dextrum,  Sfc.  Attica 
lav  to  the  right  as  Ceres  set  out 
from  Sunium. 

.544.  Meroe.  An  island  of 
^Ethiopia,  shaped  like  a  shield, 
washed  by  the  Nile,  Astapus, 
and   Astaboras  ;   it  has  a  cogno- 


minal  town,  the  metropolis  of  the 
^Ethiopians.  According  to  Jo- 
sephus  it  was  first  called  Saba, 
but  changed  to  Meroe  by  Cam- 
byses,  either  after  his  wife  or 
sister  who  died  there.  Sicca  terra. 
iEthiopia. 

545.  Hesperios.  The  Spanish 
and  Italian  rivers.  Rhenum.  The 
Rhine,  a  river  of  Germany,  ris- 
ing in  the  Alps.  Rlwdanum.  The 
Rhone,  a  river  of  Gaul.  Padum, 
anciently  called  Eridanus,  rising 
in  mount  Vesulus,  in  the  Alpes 
Cottiee,  and  dividing  Cisalpine 
Gaul  into  Transpadana  and  Cis- 
padana,  now  the  Po. 

549.  Liquidique  immunia  ponti. 
Those  celestial  signs  which  do 
not  appear  to  set,  from  their 
proximity  to  the  pole;  whence 
Vircfil  '  Metuentes  eequore  tingi.' 

55 1 .  Parrhasides  stella.  Helice 
and  Cynosura,  the  greater  and 
lesser  bear;  see  Fast.  ii.  N.  156, 
et  seq.  and  iii.  N.  107. 


214  FASTORUxM,  LIB.  IV. 

yEquoreas  nunquam  ciim  subeatis  aquas) 
Persephonen  natam  miserae  monstrate  parenti. 

Dixerat.     Huic  Helicc  talia  verba  refert: 
Crimine  iiox  vacua  est :  solem  de  virgine  rapta  555 

Consule,  qui  late  facta  diurna  videt. 
Sol  aditus,  Quam  quaeris,  ait,  ne  vana  labores, 

Nupta  Jovis  tratri  tertia  regna  tenet. 
Questa  diu  secum,  sic  est  affata  Tonantem : 

(Maximaque  in  vultu  signa  dolentis  erant.)  560 

Si  memor  es,  de  quo  milii  sit  Proserpina  nata, 

Dimidium  curae  debet  habere  tuae. 
Orbe  pererrato,  sola  est  injuria  facti 

Cognita  ;  commissi  praemia  raptor  habet. 
At  neque  Persephone  digna  est  praedone  marito,  505 

Nee  gener  hoc  nobis  more  parandus  erat. 
Quid  gravius  victore  Gyge  captiva  tulissem. 

Quam  nunc  te  coeli  sceptra  tenente  tuli  ? 
Verum  impune  ferat ;  nos  hasc  patiamur  inultae  ; 

Reddat,  et  emendet  facta  priora  novis.  57(> 

Jupiter  banc  lenit,  factumque  excusat  amore ; 

Nee  gener  est  nobis  ille  pudendus,  ait. 
Non  ego  nobilior  :  posita  est  mihi  regia  ccelo ! 

Possidet  alter  aquas  ;  alter  inane  Chaos. 
Sed  si  forte  tibi  non  est  mutabile  pectus,  575 

Statque  semel  juncti  rumpere  vincla  tori ; 
Hoc  quoque  tentemus,  siquidem  jejuna  remansit ; 

Sin  minus,  inferni  conj\igis  uxor  erit. 
Tartara  jussns  adit  sumptis  Cadvicifer  alis  ; 

Speque  redit  citius,  visaque  certa  refert.  580 

Kapta  tribus,  dixit,  solvit  jejunia  granis. 


555.   Crimine   nox   vacua   est.  is  called  upon  to  share  the  con- 

Because  she  was  carried  off  by  cern  of  Ceres  at  her  loss, 

day.  5G7.  Victore  Gi/ge.  Had  Cypres 

557.  Soladitiis.    The  sun  being  succeeded  in  his   designs  against 
accosted.  heaven,    and    taken    the    deities 

558.  Tertia  regna.     The  sove-  captive,   she  could  scarcely  have 
reignty  of  the    Shades;   whence  endured  worse. 

Neptune,    Horn.    Iliad,  xv.   187,  570.  Emendet  facta  priora  novis. 

T^ils  yao  t'  ix.  Koovou  tlfth  a.'iiX^io),  Let  him  atone  for  his  former  act, 

ous  Tixt'Fii»,  Z;u;  zai  lya,  r^'irccro;  her  abduction,  by  the  latter,  her 

S'  'A/S»;  Ivi^oitriv  iciatrtrw/.  restoration. 

559.  Tonantem.    Jove.  573.  Posita  est,  Sj-c.  Cessit  mihi 
562.  Dimidium  curae,  §"c.   Ju-  regin  cwli.  Gottorph. 

piter  as  the  father  of  Proserpine,  579.   Caduciftr.    ^lercury. 


PRID.  ID.  APRIL. 


213 


Punica  quae  lento  cortice  poma  tegunt. 
Hand  secus  indoluit,  quam  si  modo  rapta  fuisset, 

Moesta  parens  ;  longa  vixque  ref'ecta  mora  est. 
Atque  ita,   Nee  nobis  cctlum  est  habitabile,  dixit ; 

Taenaria  recipi  me  quoque  valle  jube- 
Et  factm'a  fiiit ;  pactus  nisi  Jupiter  esset. 

Bis  tribus  ut  coelo  mensibus  ilia  foret. 
Turn  demum  vultusque  Ceres  animumque  recepit ; 

Imposuitque  suae  spicea  serta  coma?. 
Largaque  provenit  cessatis  messis  in  arvis  ; 

Et  vix  congestas  area  cepit  opes. 
Alba  decent  Cererem  ;  vestes  Cerealibus  albas 

Sumite  ;  nunc  puUi  velleris  usus  abest. 


585 


-590 


ID. 


APR.  JOVI  VICTORI  ET  LIBERTATI  TEMPLA 
DICATA. 


Occupat  Apriles  Idus  cognomine  Victor 
Jupiter  ;  hac  illi  sunt  d;'ta  templa  die. 

Hac  quoque,  ni  fallor,  populo  dignissima  nostro 
Atria  Libertas  coepit  habere  sua. 


595 


582.  Punica  poma.  Pomegra- 
nates; hence  at  the  celebration  of 
Ceres'  festival,  the  Thesmopho- 
riazusse  abstained  from  that  fruit. 

586.  Tcenaria  valle.  In  the  vale 
of  Tsenarus,  a  promontory  of  La- 
conia,  now  Cape  Matapan,  ter- 
minating the  Sinus  Laconicus  on 
the  west.  It  contained  a  cave, 
sacred  to  Neptune,  through  whicli 
Hercules  is  said  to  have  dragged 
Cerberus  from  the  infernal  re- 
gions ;  '  Taenarias  etiam  fauces, 
alta  ostia  Ditis,  Et  caligantem 
nigra  formidine  lucum,'  &c.  Virg. 
Georg.  iv.  467.  In  the  text  it  is 
used  to  signify  Tartarus  itself. 
Some  copies  read  Tartarea. 

588.  Bis  tribus,  S,'c.  The  an- 
cients believed  that  Proserpine 
remained  beneath  the  earth  with 
her  husband  during  the  winter 
months,  from  the  time  of  the 
sowing  of  the  seed  ;  and  in  hea- 
ven with  her  mother  during  the 


growth  and  successive  stages  of 
the  crops. 

591.  Largaque  provenit,  Sfc. 
In  allusion  to  what  the  poet  had 
elsewhere  expressed  of  Ceres,  in 
reference  to  her  distraction  at  the 
loss  of  her  child  ;  '  Nescit  adhuc 
ubi  sit ;  terras  tamen  increpat 
omnes,  Ingratasque  vocat,  nee 
frugura  munere  dignas,'  &c.  Ces- 
satis. Whose  produce  had  been 
interrupted. 

594.  PuUi  velleris.  Such  as 
mourning  garments  were  made  of; 
pullus,  from  Gr.  zriXo;,  or  ■yrikki;, 
niger. 

595.  Occupat,  Sfc.  On  the  ides 
of  April  was  the  anniversary  of 
the  founding  of  the  temple  in 
honour  of  Jupiter  Victor  ;  vow- 
ed by  Q.  Fabius  Maximus  during 
the  war  with  the  Samnites,  a.  u. 
457. 

597,  Hac  quoque,  &,•€.  On  the 
same  day  a   temple    to  Liberty 


21G  FASTORUM,  LIB.  IV. 


DEC.  OCT.  KAL.  MAI.  C^SAR  AD  MUTINAM  VICTOR. 

Luce  secutura  tutos  pete,  navita,  portus  ; 

Ventus  ab  occasu  grandine  mistus  erit.  600 

Sit  licet,  ut  fuerit ;  tamen  liac  Mutinensia  Caesar 

Grandine  militia  contudit  arma  sua. 

DEC.  SEPT.  KAL.  MAL  FORDICIDIA. 

Tertia  post  Veneris  ciim  lux  surrexerit  Idus, 

Pontifices,  forda  sacra  litate  bove. 
Forda  ferens  bos  est  Ibecundaque,  dicta  ferendo ;  605 

Hinc  etiam  foetus  nomen  habere  putant. 
Nunc  gravidum  pecus  est ;  gravidae  nunc  semine  terrae  ; 

Telluri  plenae  victima  plena  datur. 
Pars  caditarce  Jovis;  ter  denas  Curia  vaccas 

Accipit,  et  largo  sparsa  cruore  madet.  610 

Ast  ubi  visceribus  vitulos  rapuere  ministri, 

Sectaque  fumosis  exta  dedere  focis  ; 
Igne  cremat  vitulos,  quae  natu  maxima  Virgo  ; 

Luce  Palis  populos  purget  ut  ille  cinis. 
Rege  Numa,  fructu  non  respondente  labori,  615 

Irrita  decepti  vota  colentis  erant. 


which  had  heen  founded  by  Ti-         605.  Forda.    Antiently  horda, 

berius   Gracchus    was   rebuilt  by  a  pregnant  cow,  so  called  a  fer- 

Asinius  Pollio,   by  whom   it  was  endo,  as  \nh.  forda  ferens  bos,  ^c. 

considerably    improved     and    en-  or  from  Gr,  accus.  <p^d.^x,  bestiam 

larged,    furnished     with     several  gravidam.  Sacra  litate,  sc.  sacri- 

noble    statues,    and  a  library   in  ficate. 

which    the  decrees,  &c.    of    the         606.  Foetus.  A  more  probable 

state  were  deposited.  origin  of  this  term  isfovere. 

599.  Znce  secutura.  xvin.  Kal.  609.  Arce  Jovis.  In  the  Capi- 

Maias;  April  14th.  tol.   Ter  denas,  ^c.   In  each  Curia 

601.  Sit  licet,  ut  fuerit.  '  He  it  one  was  sacrificed  j   Curia  is  used 
as   it   may  ;'    Scilicet   ut  fuerit.  here  for  Curice. 

Heins.   Mutinensia  arma.   Ante-  613.      Vitulos,      The    embryo 

ny  was  defeated  and  deprived  of  calves. 

his  camp  by    Augustus,   at  Mu-  —  Natu   maxima  Virgo.   The 

tina,    now    Modena,    a    city    of  eldest  Vestal  virgin  ;  v  rr^irfiiv- 

Cisalpine  Gaul.  ovircc,  Die.  li. 

602.  Grandine.  sc.  diegrandi-         614.   Lttce  Palis.    The  day  on 
nosa.  which  the   Palilia  were  celebia- 

603.  Tertia  lux.    xvii.    Kal.  ted,  infr.  695. 

Mai.  April  15th.     Veneris  Idus.  615.  Hege    Numa,   §-c.      The 

The  ides  of  April,  which  month  poet  proceeds  to  detail  the  origin 

was  sacred  to  Venus.  of  the  above  mentioned  sacrifice. 


DEC.  SEPT.  KAL.  MAI,  217 

Nam  modo  siccus  erat  gelidis  aquilonibus  annus  ; 

Nunc  ager  assidua  luxuriabat  aqua. 
Saepe  Ceres  primis  doniinum  fallebat  in  herbis, 

Et  levis  obsesso  stabat  avena  solo  :  620 

Et  pecus  ante  diem  partus  edebat  acerbos : 

Agnaque  nascendo  saepe  necabat  ovem. 
Silva  vetus,  nullaque  diu  violata  securi 

Stabat,  Maenalio  sacra  relicta  Deo. 
Ille  dabat  tacitis  animo  responsa  quieta  625 

Noctibus :  hic  geminas  rex  Numa  mactat  eves. 
Prima  cadit  Fauno,  leni  cadit  altera  Somno  : 

Sternitur  in  duro  velliis  utrumque  solo. 
Bis  caput  intonsum  fontana  spargitur  unda ; 

Bis  sua  faginea  tempora  fronde  premit.  630 

Usus  abest  Veneris:  nee  fas  animalia  mensis 

Ponere  :  nee  digitis  annulus  alius  inest. 
Veste  rudi  tectum  supra  nova  vellera  corpus 

Ponit,  adorato  per  sua  verba  Deo. 
Interea  placidam  redimita  papavere  frontem  635 

Nox  venit,  et  secum  somnia  nigra  trahit. 
Faunus  adest ;  oviumque  premens  pede  vellera  duro, 

Edidit  a  dextro  talia  dicta  toro  : 
Morte  boum  tibi,  rex,  Tellus  placanda  duarum ; 

Det  sacris  animas  una  necata  duas.  640 

Excutitur   terrore  quies  ;  Numa  visa  revolvit ; 

Et  secum  ambages  caecaque  jussa  refert. 
Expedit  erranttm  nemori  gratissima  conjux  ; 

Et  dixit :  Gravidas  posceris  exta  bovis. 
Exta  bovis  dantur  gravidae  :  t'elicior  annus  645 

Provenit,  etfructum  terra  pecusque  ferunt. 

620.  Obsesso  solo.  The  ground  636.  Somnia  Nigra.  So  Euri- 
having:  been  beset,  as  it  were,  by  pides;  'O  warv/a  x^av,  MiXxvo^rrt- 
the  barren  wild  oat,  levis  avena,     ovycov  fiun^  ovii^ojt. 

to  the   exclusion   of   the  fruitlul         638.  Dextro  toro.      F"rom   the 
grain.  right  side  of  the  couch,  and  there- 

621.  Ace.rhos.      Immature  ;    a     fore  auspicioubl5% 

metaphor  from  unripe  fruit.  640.   Del  sacris,  ^c.  The  diffi- 

624.   Manaliv  Deo.     Faunus,  culty  of  complying   with  this  in- 

or  Pan.  junction    startles   Numa,  and    is 

626.  Hic  gemivas,  Sfc.     Com-  solved  by  ^treria. 

pare    Virg.     ^neid,    vii.  86,    et  643.     Errantem       Hcerentem. 

seq.  Heins.  Nemori.   The  Arician. 

627.  Somno.  The  god  of  sleep,  645.  jBoias  ^rai'uia.  Hence  the 
son  of  Erebus  and  Nox.  required  sacrifice  of  two  lives. 

634.   Per  sua  verba.     In  the 
form  prescribed^ 


218 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  IV. 


DEC.    SEXT.   EAL.    MAI.  AUGUSTUS  C^SAR  IMPE- 
RATOR  DICTUS. 

Hanc  quondam  Cytherea  diem  properantius  ire 

Jusr.it,  et  aethereos  praecipitavit  equos  ; 
Ut  titulura  Imperii  quamprimum  luce  sequent! 

Augusto  javeni  prospera  bella  darent.  650 

DEC.  QUINT.  KAL.  MAI.  HYADES  OCCIDUNT. 

Sed  jam  prEeteritas  qnartus  tibi  Lucifer  Idus 
Respicit;  hac  Hyades  Dorida  nocte  petunt. 

DEC.    TERT.    KAL.    MAL    LUDI   CIRCENSES,  ET 
VULPIUM  COMBUSTIO. 

Tertia  post  Hyadas  ciim  lux  erit  orta  reraotas, 
Carccre  partitos  Circus  habebit  equos. 


647.  Hanc  quondam,  §•£.  Ve- 
nus, to  whom  the  Julian  family 
and  its  renown  was  always  an 
object  of  solicitude,  directed  this 
day,  XVII.  Kal.  Mai.  to  pass  more 
rapidly  in  order  that  it  might  the 
sooner  give  place  to  the  tbllow- 
ing,  XVI.  Kal.  Mai.  upon  which 
day  Augustus,  then  in  his  fifth 
consulship,  was  first  saluted  with 
the  title  Imperator,  tilubtm  impe- 
rii, infr,  A.  u.  724,  on  account  of 
his  victories ;  an  honour  which 
M-as  conferred  upon  him,  accord- 
ing to  Dio,  one  and  twenty  times ; 
so  Tacitus  '  Nomen  Imperatoris 
semel  atque  vicies  partum.'  ^the- 
reos  equos.  The  horses  of  the  sun. 

G50.  Prospera  bella.  Many 
copies  read  prospera  siyna ;  the 
reading  in  l!ic  text  is  decidedly 
preferable,  as  the  period  alluded 
to  was  that  at  which  Autustus 
having  returned  from  iiis  Egyp- 
tian conf]u«'sts, erected  an  altar  to 
victory,  closed  the  temple  of  Ja- 
nus, and  received  the  title  as 
above,  Irom  which  he  began  to 
reckon  the  years  of  his  reign. 


651 .  Quartus  Lucifer,  xv.  Kal. 
Mai.  the  Hyades  set. 

652.  Dorida.  The  daughter  of 
Oceanus  and  Tethys,  used  here 
to  signify  the  sea. 

653.  Terlia  lux.  On  the  xiii. 
KaL  M.  the  games  were  renewed 
in  the  Circus,  which  Neapolis, 
however,  observes  to  have  conti- 
nued, without  interruption,  from 
the  Cerealia. 

654.  Carcerc.  So  called,  •  quod 
equos  coerccbat,  ne  exirent,  prius- 
quam  magistratus  signnm  mitte- 
ret,'  Varr.  L.  L.  iv.  82  ;  written 
al>o  (Jarccrcs,  and  repagula,  built 
first,  A.  u.  425,  and  used  to  ex- 
press the  several  openings  at  one 
end  of  the  Circus,  from  which  the 
horses  and  chariots  started  in  the 
race-course.  In  front  of  the  car- 
ceres  two  small  statues  of  Mer- 
cury, Hernndi,  were  placed  hold- 
ing a  chain  or  cord  to  restrain  the 
horses  until  the  signal  was  given 
for  the  race  to  begin,  instead  of 
which  a  white  line,  alba  linea,  or 
furrow  filled  with  chalk  or  lime, 
thence  called  creta  or  salx,  was 


DEC.  TERT.  KAL.  MAI.  219 

Cur  igitur  missse  vinctis  ardentia  tedis  655 

Terga  ferant  vulpes,  causa  docenda  mihi. 
Frigida  Carseoli,  nee  oli^is  apta  ferendis, 

Terra,  sed  ad  segetes  ingeniosus  ager. 
Hac  ego  Pelignos,  natalia  rura,  petebam  ; 

Parva,  sed  assiduis  humida  semper  aquis.  660 

Hospitis  antiqui  solitas  intravimus  aedes: 

Dempserat  emeritis  jam  juga  Phoebus  equis." 
Is  mihi  multa  quidem,  sed  et  haec  narrate  solebat, 

Unde  meum  praesens  instrueretur  opus  : 
Hoc,  ait,  in  campo  (campumque  ostendit)  habebat        665 

Rus  breve  cum  duro  parca  colona  viro. 
Ille  suam  peragebat  humum  ;  sive  usus  aratri, 

Sive  cavse  t'alcis,  sive  bidentis  erat. 
Haec  modo  verrebat  stantem  tibicine  villam  ; 

Nunc  matris  plumis  ova  fovenda  dabat.  670 

Aut  virides  malvas,  aut  fungos  colligit  albos ; 

Aut  humilem  grato  calfacit  igne  focuni. 
Et  tamen  assiduis  exercet  brachia  telis ; 

Adversumque  minas  frigoris  arma  parat. 
Filius  hujus  erat  primo  lascivus  in  ssvo ;  675 

Addideratque  annos  ad  duo  lustra  duos. 


sometimes  used,  at  which  the  658.  Ingeniosus  ager.  A  soil 
horses  were  drawn  up  in  a  straight  naturally  fertile. 
row,  and  held  in  by  pei'sons  ap-  669.  Tibicine.  A  prop,  but- 
pointed  for  the  purpose,  called  tress,  or  pillar ;  •  Nos  urbem  co- 
MoTatores.  This  line,  however,  linaus  tenui  tibicine  fultam  Magna 
seems  to  have  been  most  usually  parte  sui.'J«t'e7ja/,3, 193;  Ziticen, 
drawn  to  mark  the  termination  of  literally  a  flute-player,  is  made  «to 
the  course,  or  limit  of  victory,  to  bear  the  interpretation  above,  ac- 
which  Horace  alludes,  Ep.  i.  16.  cording  to  Festus,  because  instru- 
79;  'Moriar;  mors  ultima  linea  mental  music  supports  and  sus- 
rerum  est  ;'  it  was  called  by  the  tains  the  vocal.  Villain.  So  Po- 
Greeks  y^afj.fji.n,  whence  Euripi-  lyxena,  Hec.  366,  lai^nv  n  2wfia,, 
des,  in  Alttig.  Ez<r'  UK^av  jj'xo^sn  xiox'iffiv  r  l$iffrava.i. 
y^iu.f/.nv  KctKui.  670.  Plumis  fovenda.     To  be 

655.  MisscE.    Into  the  Circus,  hatched, 

during  the  games.   The  poet  pro-  671.  Malvas.     Mallows  ;    Gr. 

ceeds  to    describe    the    origin  of  //.aXax>i,abemolliendo ventre;' — et 

the  custom  alluded  to  ;  see  Judges  gravi    malvse    salubres    corpori ;' 

XV.  3.  seq.  Herat.  Ep.  2,  57.    Fungos  albos. 

657.  Carseoli.  A  principal  town  White  mushrooms, 

of  the  .^qui,  near  the  Anio;  its  674.  Arma.  AVarm cloth) ng,&c. 

supposed  site  is  now  called  Piano  676.  Addideratque,  ^c.  He  was 

di  CarsoU.  twelve  years  old. 


220  FASTORUM,  LIB.  IV. 

Is  capit  extremi  vulpem  sub  valle  salicti ; 

Abstulerat  multas   ilia  cohortis  aves. 
Captivam  stipula  ioenoque  involvit,  et  ignes 

Admovet ;  urentes  efFugit  ilia  inanus.  680 

Qua  fugit,  incendit  vestitos  messibus  agros  : 

Damnosis  vires  ignibus  aura  dabat. 
Factum  abiit,  monumenta  manent ;  nam  vivere  captam 

Nunc  quoque  lex  vulpem  Carseolana  vetat. 
Utque  luat  poenas  gens  haec,  Cerealibus  ardet ;  685 

Quoque  modo  segetes  perdidit,  ipsa  perit. 

DUODEC.  KAL.  MAI.  SOL  IN  TAURO. 

Postera  cum  veniet  terras  visura  patentes 

Memnonis  in  roseis  lutea  mater  equis  ; 
E  duce  lanigeri  pecoris,  qui  prodidit  Hellen, 

Sol  abit ;  egresso  victima  major  adest.  690 

Vacca  sit  an  taurus,  non  est  cognoscere  promptum : 

Pars  prior  apparet ;  posteriora  latent. 
Sen  tamen  est  taurus,  sive  est  hoc  foemina  signum  ; 

Junone  invita  munus  amoris  habet. 


677.  Extremi  sub  valle  salicti.  688.  Memnonis.  Son  of  Aurom 
In  a  valley  skirted  by  an  osier  and  Tithonus,  slain  by  Achilles 
bed.  in  the  Trojan  war. 

678.  Cohortis.  A  small  encio-  689.  Qui  prodidit.  In  allusion 
sure  containing  poultry,  a  pen  or  to  the  adventures  of  Piiryxus  and 
coop  ;  sync,  chars  ;  from  Greek  Helle  already  mentioned. 
X^i'Ttis,  i.e.  TTi^i^oXos,  a  circular  en-  690.  Victima.  Taurus, 
closure.  Varro,  L  L.  iv.  16,  pro-  691.  Vacca  situan  taurus.  As 
poses  either  of  two  reasons  for  half  the  sign  only  was  visible, 
the  ordinary  sense  of  the  term  pars  prior,  it  was  not  easy  to  d,&- 
cokors,  a  cohort;  '  Ducta  est  ap-  cide  whether  it  was  a  heifer  or  a 
pellatio  vel  ex  eo  quod  sicut  in  buli ;  if  the  former,  it  was  that 
villa  ex  pluribus  tectis  conjungi-  into  which  lo  was  changed,  if  the 
tur,  et  quiddam  fit  unum,  sic  ex  latter,  it  was  in  commemmoration 
manipulis  copulatur  cohors  :  vel,  of  Jupiter's  having  assumed  that 
ex  eo  quod  quemadmodum  villa-  form  to  deceive  Europa;  in  either 
tica  cohors,  ita  etmilitaris  rotun-  case  the  constellation  was  set  in 
da  esse  solet ;  unde  et  globus  tiii-  the  heavens  as  a  pledge  of  aiFec- 
littim  dicitur.'  tion,  inunus  amoris,  against  the 

687.   Poster  a.   xn.    Kal.  Mai.  inclination  of  Juno, 
the  sun  leaves   Aries  and  enters 
Taurus. 


UNDEC.  KAL.  MAI. 


221 


UNDEC.  KAL.  MAI.   PALILIA. 

Nox  abiit,  oriturque  Aurora  ;  Pal  ilia  poscor  :  6% 

Non  poscor  fVustra,  si  favet  alma  Pales. 
Alma  Pales,  faveas  pastoria  sacra  canenti, 

Prosequor  officio  si  tua  festa  pio. 
Certe  ego  de  vitulo  cinerem  stipulasque  fabales 

Saepe  tuli  plena  februa  casta  mann.  700 

Certe  ego  transilui  positas  ter  in  orcline  flamraas  : 

Virgaque  roratas  laurea  misit  aquas. 
Mota  Dea  est,  operique  i'avet :  navalibus  exi, 

Puppis;  habent  ventos  jam  tua  vela  suos. 
I,  pete  virginea,  populus,  suffimen  ab  ara  :  705 

Vesta  dabit ;  Vestae  munere  purus  eris. 
Sanguis  equi  suffimen  erit,  vitulique  favilla  ; 

Tertia  res,  durae  culmen  inane  fabse. 
Pastor,  oves  saturas  ad  piima  crepuscula  lustra  ; 

Uda  prius  spargat  virgaque  verrat  humum.  710 

Frondibus,  et  tixis  decorentur  oviiia  ramis  ; 


695.  Palilia.  Written  also  pa- 
riliii,  (quod  eo  tempore  omnia 
sata  arboresque  et  herbse  parturi- 
ant  pariantque,  Forcel.)  the  fes- 
tival of  Pales,  the  goddess  of 
shepherds,  was  held  on  the  XI. 
Kal.  MaJ.  April  21,  tlie  anniver- 
sarv  of  the  foundini;-  of  the  city; 
*  dies  natalis  urbis  Roms  ;  Veil. 
Pat.  i.  8.  On  this  day  also  Caesar 
appointed  an  annual  celebration 
of  the  Circensian  games,  because 
the  news  of  his  last  victory  over 
Labietius  and  tlie  sous  of  Pom- 
pey,  at  Munda  in  Spain,  had 
reached  Rome  the  evening  be- 
fore the  festival.  The  poet  de- 
scribes the  rites,  &c.  of  the  festi- 
val in  the  text. 

699.  De  vitulo.  Of  the  thirty 
oxen  slain  on  the  Fordicidia, 
which,  with  the  stalks  of  beans. 
Slip. fabal. culmen  inane,  infr.708, 
formed  the  usual  purificatory 
oSeTings,  februa  casta,  or  as  some 
copies  re;;d,  tosta. 

701.  Transilui.  This  was  call- 
«d  suffitio ;  see  infr.  753. 


7C3.  Navalibus  exi.  Metaphori- 
cally ;  the  poet  frequently  speaks 
so  of  his  task. 

705.  Virginea  ard.  The  vestal 
altar.  Suffimen.  A  perfume  or 
scent  raised  by  fire ;  any  thing 
burned  to  produce  a  perfume. 

707.  Sajiguis  eqni.  According 
to  Plutarch,  in  Rom.  there  was 
not  originally  any  animal  sacrifice 
at  the  Palilia  ;  'Ev  i.ex,^  V  (&.'; 
(puffiv)  ovo'i'j  i/z^pu^o-/  i^voi ;  this 
custom,  however,  appears  to  have 
been  subsequently  changed. 

708.  Culmen  inane.  The  stalk 
without  the  pods. 

709.  Pastor,  §*c.  '  Shepherd, 
purify  your  p'lstuied  flocks  at  the 
approacli  of  twilight ;' ce/Jusci/Za, 
from  crepcrus,  doubtful,  because 
of  its  uncertain  light. 

710.  Uda  virga.  The  rod  or 
branch  with  wliich  the  water  was 
sprinkled  over  the  sheep,  was 
usually  laurel,  supr.  702,  some- 
times of  olive,  rosemary,  or  pine. 
Verrat.  Vergat.  Petav.  TergaU 
Al. 


222  FASTORUM,  LIB.  IV. 

Et  tegat  ornatas  longa  corona  fores. 
Caerulei  fiant  vivo  de  sulfure  fiimi ; 

Tactaque  tumanti  sulfure  balet  ovis. 
Ure  mares  oleas,  taedamque,  herbasque  Sabinasj  715 

Et  crepet  in  mediis  laurus  adusta  focis. 
Libaque  de  milio  railii  fisceila  sequatur; 

Rustica  prajcipiie  quo  Dea  laeta  cibo  est. 
Adde  dapes  mulctramque  suas  ;  dapibusque  resectis, 

Sylvicolam  tepido  lacte  precare  Paler».  720 

Consule,  die,  pecori  pariter,  pecorisque  magistris  ; 

EfFugiat  stabulis  noxa  repulsa  meis. 
Sive  sacro  pavi,  sedive  sub  arbore  sacra ; 

Pabulave  e  bustis  inscia  carpsit  ovis  : 
Seu  nemus  intravi  vetitum,  nostrisve  tugatae  725 

Sunt  oculis  Nymphae,  semicaperve  Deus : 
Seu  mea  falx  ramo  lucum  spoliavit  opaco, 

Unde  data  est  aegra^  fiscina  frondis  ovi : 
Da  veniam  culpse  ;  nee,  dum  degrandinat,  obsit 

Agresti  fano  supposuisse  pecus.  730 

Nee  noceat  turbasse  lacus  ;  ignoscite,  Nymphae. 

Lota  quod  obscuras  ungula  fecit  aquas. 
Tu,  Dea,  pro  nobis  fontes  fontanaque  placa 

715.  Mares  oleas.     The  male  chanced    to     come     where     tlie 

olive.    The  ancients  reckoned  nu-  nymphs  or  guardian  goddesses  of 

merous  varieties  of  olives;    Cato  the  fountains  were  bathing:,  were 

speaks  of  eight  distinct  species,  deprived  of  their  senses,  and  such 

Columella    of    ten  ;    see    Virg.  were    thence    called    lymphatici, 

Georg.  ii.  85.     Some  copies  read  vuu.<poX-/i-UToi,  frantic,  from  Greek 

maris  rorem,  Gr.  kilixvari;,  rose-  Xi/jW^x  for  vufi.ptf,  dea  prases  aqiue. 

mary.  Herb  isque  Sabinas.  Savin.  Semicaperve  Deus.   Pan  or  Fau- 

717.  Libaque,  Sfc.    'And  let  a  nus. 

small  basket,  fisceila,    of   millet  729.  Dum  degrandinat.    Verb 

accompany  the  millet  cakes, /tia^^.  impers.  '  While  it  hails  violently,' 

de  milio.'  Fvrcel.    Gesner  explains  degran- 

718.  Rustica  Dea.   Pales.  dir.at,hy  donee grandinaredesiuat, 

719.  Mulctram.  The  milk  pail,  donee  ccs.et  grando  ,-  this  force  of 
Resectis.  Paralis.  A\.  Peractis.  rfc  in  composition  has  been  alrea- 
Burm.  dy    remarked;  it    is  often,  how- 

723.  Sivesacropavi,Sfc.  « Whe-  ever,  as  in  the  former  of  the  two 

ther  I  have  fed  my  flocks  on  con-  senses   above,  merely   emphatic, 

secrated  ground,'  &c.  ;  the   poet  like  valde,  as  Flor.  i.  17,  '  Capi- 

proceeds  to  enumerate   the  oti'en-  tisque  superioribus  jugis,   iu  sub- 

ces  he  might  have  undesignedly  jectos  jure  suo  detonuit.'    Hein- 

committed,  and  ask  pardon  of  tlie  sius  reads    dum   Dea   grandinat, 

goddess  for  them.  &c. 

725.   FugatcE  Nymphce.     The         732.  Lota.   Mota.   Al. 
ancieats  believed   that   any  who 


UNDEC.  KAL.  MAL  2i2» 

Nutnina,  tu  sparsos  per  nemus  omne  Deos. 
Nee  Dryadas,  nee  nos  videamus  labra  Dianae;  735 

Nee  Faunum,  medio  cum  premit  arva  die. 
Pelle  procul  morbos ;  valeant  hominesque  gregesque ; 

Et  valeant  vigiles,  provida  turba,  canes. 
Neve  minus  multos  redigam,  quam  mane  fuerunt ; 

Neve  gemam  referens  vellera  rapta  lupo.  740 

Absit  iniqua  fames ;  herbae  frondesque  supersint ; 

Quasque  lavent  artus,  quseque  bibantur,  aquae. 
Ubera  plena  premam ;  referat  mihi  caseus  eera ; 

Dentque  viam  liquido  vimina  rara  sero. 
Lanaque  proveniat  nullas  laesura  puellas,  745 

Mollis,  et  ad  teneras  quamlibet  apta  manus. 
Quae,  precor,  eveniant :  et  nos  faciamus  ad  annum 

Pastorum  dominae  grandia  liba  Pali. 
His  Dea  placanda  est ;  haec  tu  conversus  ad  ortus 

Die  ter,  et  in  vivo  prolue  rore  manus.  750 

Turn  licet,  apposita  veluti  cratere  caniella, 

Lac  niveum  potes,  purpureanique  sapam. 
Moxque  per  ardentes  stipulae  crepitantis  acervos 

Trajicias  celeri  strenua  membra  pede. 
Expositus  mos  est.      Moris  mihi  restat  origo :  755 

Turba  f'acit  dubium,  cceptaque  nostra  tenet. 
Omnia  purgat  edax  ignis,  vitiumque  metallis 

735.  Nee  Dryadas,  §-c.     For  Pollux,  x.  24,  a  milk-vessel ;  it  is 

tbe  reason   mentioned  supr.  751.  derived  by  some,  qu.  ca7««ra,  from 

Labra.  Basins  for  bathing  :  Gr.  Kau-jrra,  in  reference  to  its  shape. 
cLffafiitSai,  XouTfla.  752.  Sapam.  Gr.  'i^riu.a,ffipaiot, 

739.  Neve  minus,  ^c.  A  prayer  new  wine,  or  must  boiled  down 
against  any  reduction  in  tbe  flock  to  half  its  quantity;  e.  gr.  four 
at  the  close  of  the  day  from  wl  at  pints  of  mu&t  boiled  down  to 
it  was  in  the  morning,  either  by  two;  according  to  Pliny,  how- 
disease,  or  the  ravages  of  wolves,  ever,  xiv.  9,  s.  il,  this  was  pro- 

744,   Vimina  rara.    The  osier  perly    called  defrutum,  and  sapa 

sieves  in  which   the   cheese  was  was  must  hoiltd  down  to  a  third 

pressed,  and    the   whey,    serum,  of  its  original  quantity;  theob- 

strained  off.  ject  of  this  was  to  make  it  keep. 

743.    Nullas    Icesura    puellas.  This  mixture  of  milk  and  wine 

Consequently  of  the    most  deli-  was  called  burrhanica  potio,  from 

cate  description,  e^  ad  icMeras,  ^'c.  burrus,  G.  •rw^^oj,  i.  e.  rufus,puT- 

infr.  pureus,  ruddy,  Lac  mislum  potes 

750.  Vivo  Tore.  sc.  flumine  vi-  purp.  sap.  Zulich.  Heirs. 

TO,  Forcel. '  Qui  rore  puro  Gait-         756.   Turba.    The  number  of 

alise  lavit  crines  solutus.'    Horat.  reasons  assigned  for  the  origin  of 

Od.  iii.  75.  this  custom. 

751.  Camelld.     Gr.  <ric,xfiiX?.a,         757.   Vitium.  The  dross. 


224 


FASTORUM,  LIB.   IV. 


Excoquit ;  idcirco  cum  duce  purgat  oves. 
An,  quia  cunctarum  contraria  semina  rerum 

Sunt  duo,  discordes  ignis  et  unda  Dei,  760 

Junxermit  elementa  patres,  aptumque  putarunt 

Ignibus  et  sparsa  tcingere  corpus  aqua? 
An,  quod  in  his  vitai  causa  est ;  iiaec  perdidit  exul ; 

His  nova  fit  coujux  :  liaic  duo  magna  putant? 
Vix  equidem  credo  :  sunt  qui  Pliaetonta  ret'erri  765 

Credant,  et  nimias  Deucaiionis  aquas. 


758.  Duce.  The  sh'.'phurd,  or 
it  may  be,  the  rara. 

762.  lynihus,  ^c.  Thereby 
making'  the  tire  and  water  symbo- 
lical of  puiificiition  :  compare 
Virgil,  ^iieid,  vi.  741,  ' — aliis 
sub  gurgite  vasto  In  tectum  elui- 
tur  scelus,  aut  exuritur  igni.' 

763.  Vitoe  causa  est.  Fire  and 
water  were  looked  upon  as  the 
essentials  of  existence,  whence 
the  '  aquae  et  ignis  interdiclio,' 
tiie  forbidding  the  use  of  these 
elements,  which  was  equivalent 
to  a  sentence  of  banishment,  exi- 
lium,  a  word  not  in  judicial  use, 
and  by  which  the  object  of  the 
sentence  was  obliged  to  leave 
Italy,  but  might  retire  to  any 
other  state  he  chose. 

764.  His  nova  Jit  conjux.  Fire 
and  water  were  placed  at  the 
door,  by  which  the  new-married 
pair  entered,  and  toucl  ed  by  the 
bride  and  her  husband,  because 
all  things  were  supposed  to  be 
produced  from  these  two  ele- 
ments, quod  in  his  vita  causa,  ^c. 
supr. ;  thsy  used  the  water  also 
for  bathing  their  feet ;  Pint. 
Quasi.  Rom.  31,  I,  Varr.  L.  L. 
iv.  10.  '  Ista  viri  captent,  (si  jam 
captanda  putabunt)  Quos  faciunt 
justos  ignis  et  unda  viros.'  Art. 
Amat.  ii.  597. 

765.  Sunt  qui,  Sfc.  Some  would 
understand  allusion  to  be  made  by 
the  fire  and  water  to  Ph.ietonand 
Deucalion.  The  former  was  the 
son  of  Phoebus  aud  Clymene,  one 


of  t!ie  Oceanides ;  having  been 
taunted  by  Epaphus,  the  son  of 
lo,  with  having  falsely  declared 
liimselt  the  offspring  ot  the  sun, 
he  demanded  the  chariot  of  that 
deity,  that  he  might  have  the 
guidance  of  it  for  one  day,  and 
so  prove  tlie  truth  of  his  descent. 
Phoebus  unwillingly  complied, 
and  Phaeton  unable  to  control 
the  steeds  was  hurried  so  close  to 
the  sign  of  the  Scorpion  that  in 
terror  he  let  go  the  reins  altoge- 
ther; to  prevent  a  universal  con- 
flagration by  the  too  near  approach 
of  the  chariot  to  the  earth,  Jupi- 
ter struck  him  with  a  thunder- 
bolt, and  he  fell  from  heaven  into 
the  river  Po.  His  sisters  mourn- 
ed his  destruction  bitterly,  and 
were  changed  into  black  poplars, 
which  continued  to  distil  tears  of 
amber,  in  token  of  theli'  grief. 
Deucalion  was  the  sou  of  Pro- 
metheus, married  to  Pyrrha, 
daughter  of  Epimetheus ;  when 
Jupiter  resolved  to  punish  man- 
kind for  their  impiety  by  the  uni- 
versal deluge.  Deucalion  and  his 
wife  escaped  by  taking  refuge  on 
the  summit  of  Parnassus,  or,  ac- 
cording to  Plyginus,  of  .«Etna  in 
Sicily.  When  the  waters  had 
subsided,  they  consulted  the  ora- 
cle of  Themis  how  therace  of  man 
might  be  renewed;  the  answer 
was,  '  by  their  throwing  behind 
them  the  bones  of  their  grand- 
mother,' which  they  understood 
to  mean  the  stones  of  the  earth  ; 


ROMA  CONDITA.  225 

Pars  quoque,  ciim  saxis  pastores  saxa  terebant, 

Scintillam  subito  prosiluisse  ferunt. 
Prima  quidem  periit :  stinulis  excepta  secunda  est; 

Hoc  argumenti  flamma  Palilis  habet.  770 

An  magis  hunc  morein  pietas  iEneia  fecit, 

Innocuum  victo  cui  dedit  ignis  iter  ? 
Num  tamen  est  vero  propius,  cum  condita  Roma  est, 

Transterri  jussos  in  nova  tecta  lares  ? 
Mutantesque  domum  tectis  agrestibus  ignem,  775 

Et  cessaturae  supposuisse  casae  ? 
Per  flammas  saluisse  pecus,  saliiisse  colonos? 

Quod  sit  natali  nunc  quoque,  Roma,  tuo. 

ROMA  CONDITA. 

Ipse  locus  causas  vati  facit.     Urbis  origo 

Venit ;  ades  festis,  magne  Quirine,  tuis.  780 

Jam  luerat  poenas  trater  Numitoris,  et  omne 

Pastorum  gemino  sub  duce  vulgus  crat. 
Contrahere  agrestes,  et  moenia  ponere  utrique 

Convenit :  ambigitur  nomina  ponat  uter. 
Nil  opus  est,  dixit,  certamine,  Romulus,  ullo  :  786 

Magna  fides  avium  est ;  experiamur  aves. 
Res  placet ;  alter  init  nemorosi  saxa  Palati ; 

Alter  Aventinum  mane  cacum.en  adit. 
Sex  Remus,  hie  volucres  bis  sex  videt  ordine :  pacto 

Statur  ;  et  arbitrium  Romulus  Urbis  habet.  790 

Apta  dies  legitur,  qua  moenia  signet  aratro. 

they  complied  accordingly,  and  778.  Natali  tuo.  xi.  KaL  Mai. 
those  which  Deucalion  threw  be-  781.  Frater.  Amulius. 
hind  him  became  men ;  those  787.  Alter,  Romulus  and  Re- 
which  were  thrown  by  Pyrrha,  mus  having  agreed  to  determine 
women.  by  augury  which  of  them  should 
767.Pars  quoque,  ^'c.  The  poet  found  the  city,  and  govern  it  when 
proceeds  to  account  in  different  built,  the  former  chose  the  Pa- 
ways  for  the  use  of  the  fire  at  the  latine  hill,  and  the  latter,  the 
Palilia ;  from  the  accidental  dis-  Aventine  to  make  their  observa- 
covery  of  it  by  the  shepherds,  lions.  The  result  is  given  in  the 
by  the  collision    of  flints  ;    from  text. 

the  flames  of  burning  Troy  hav-  791.  Mania  signet  aratro.Wheii 
ing  receded  to  allow  jEneas  a  a  city  was  about  to  be  built,  the 
safe  passage  from  the  city  ;  from  founder  yoking  a  cow  and  a  bull 
the  cattle  and  husbandmen  having  to  the  plough,  as  infr.  826,  which 
sprung  over  the  burning  ruins  of  had  a  coulter  of  brass,  marked 
their  old  habitations,  which  they  by  a  deep  furrow  the  entire  corn- 
fired  when  about  to  be  transferred  pass  of  the  city,  after  which  these 
to  the  new  city  of  Rome.  two  animals,  with  other  victims, 


226  FASTORUM,  LIB.  IV. 

Sacra  Palis  suberant :  inde  movetur  opus. 
Fossa  fit  ad  solidiim  :  fruges  jaciuntur  in  ima, 

Et  de  vicino  terra  petita  solo. 
Fossa  repletur  humo,  plenajcjue  imponitur  ara ;  795 

Et  novus  accenso  fungitur  igne  focus. 
Inde  premens  stivam  designat  moenia  sulco  ; 

Alba  jugura  niveo  cum  bove  vacca  tulit. 
Vox  f'uit  haec  regis  :  Condenti  Jupiter  Urbem, 

Et  genitor  Mavors,  Vestaque  mater  ades  :  800 

Quosque  pium  est  adhibere  Deos,  advertite  cuncti ; 

Auspicibus  vobis  hoc  niihi  surgat  opus. 
Longa  sit  huic  setas,  doniinaeque  ])0tentia  terrae : 

Sitque  sub  hac  oriens  occiduusque  dies. 
Ille  precabatur  :  tonitru  dedit  omina  laevo  805 

Jupiter  ;  et  lasvo  fulmina  missa  polo. 
Augurio  laeti  jaciunt  fundamina  cives; 

Et  novus  exiguo  tempore  murus  erat. 
Hoc  Celer  urget  opus  ;  quem  Romulus  ipse  vocarat, 

Sintque,  Celer,  cura;,  dixerat,  ista  tuae.  810 

Neve  quis  aut  muros,  aut  versara  vomere  terram 

Transeat ;  audentem  talia  dede  neci. 
Quod  Remus  ignorans,  humiles  contemnere  muros 

Ccepit ;  et,  His  populus,  dicer e,  tutus  erit  ? 
Nee  mora,  transiliit.     Rutro  Celer  occupat  ausum:       815 


were  sacrificed  on  the  altars.  The  79T.  Stivam.  The  plough-tail, 
plough  was  followed  by  the  new  or  handle,  on  the  end  of  which 
settlers,  who  turned  the  sods  in-  was  a  cross  bar,  transversa  regula, 
wards  as  they  were  cut  by  tiie  called  also  manicula  or  capulus, 
share,  and  wlierever  they  designed  by  which  the  plough  was  direct- 
to  make  a  gate,  the  plouL;h  was  ed;  it  is  derived  by  Varro,  qu. 
lifted  up,  and  carried  over  the  stativa,  a  staiido.  Those  ceremo- 
required  space,  whence  porta,  a  nies  observed  at  the  founding  of 
portando  aratrum.  tiieir  cities,  besides  many   others 

792.  Inde.  The  city  having  connected  with  the  internal  con- 
been  founded  on  the  same  day  stitution  of  their  state,  were  bor- 
upon  which  the  Palilia  were  ce-  rowed  by  the  Romans  from  the 
lebrated.  Etrurians. 

793.  Ad  solidum.  In  the  solid  805.  Tointru  Icevo.  '  Fulmina 
ground,  in  order  that  the  altar  laeva  prospera,  quia  sacrificantis 
might  be  more  firmly  based  ;  so  vel  precantis  latus  laevum,  dex- 
Virgil,  Georg.  ii.  231,  '  In  solido  truni  est  ejus  qui  postulata  largi- 
puteum  demitti ;'    h,  e.  ubi  terra  tur.'  Plin. 

concava  non  est,  Forcel,  815.  Rutro.  A  mattock,  spade, 

794.  De  vicino  solo.  As  an  or  pick-axe,  a  ruenf?o.  Varr.L.L. 
omen  of  the  future  extension  of  iv.  31.  Some  copies  read  rastro. 
the  confines  of  the  city.  According  to    Eusebius,  Remu» 


NON.  KAL,  MAI.  227 

lUe  premit  duram  sanguinolentus  humum. 
Haec  ubi  rex  didicit,  lachrymas  introrsiis  obortas 

Devorat,  et  clausum  p'^ctore  vulnus  habet. 
Flere  palatn  non  vult,  exemplaque  fortia  servat : 

Sicque  meos  muros  transeat  host  is,  ait.  820 

Dat  tameii  exsequias  :  nee  jam  suspendere  fletum 

Sustinet ;  et  pietas  dissimulata  patet. 
Osculaque  applicuit  posito  suprema  feretro  ; 

Atque  ait ;  Invito  frater  adempte,  vale. 
Arsurosque  artus  unxit :  fecere,  quod  ille,  S25- 

Faiistulus,  et  mcestas  Acca  soluta  comas. 
Turn  juvenem  nondum  facti  flevere  Quirites  : 

Ultima  plorato  subdita  flamma  rogo. 
Urbs  oritur  (quis  tunc  hoc  ulli  credere  posset  ? 

Victorem  terris  impositura  pedem.  830 

Cuncta  regas  ;  et  sis  magno  sub  Caesare  semper : 

Saepe  etiam  plures  nominis  hujus  habe. 
Et  quoties  steteris  domito  sublimis  in  orbe, 

Omnia  sint  humeris  inferiora  tuis. 

NON.  KAL.  MAI.  VINALIA  VENERIS  ET  JOVIS. 

Dicta  Pales  nobis  ;  idem  Vinalia  dicam  :  835 

Una  tamen  media  est  inter  utramque  dies. 

was    killed   by    Fabius,  a  leader  was  a  dispute  amon"-   the  earlier 

under  Romulus ;  the  more  gene-  citizens    as   to   whether  the  city 

rally  received  acrount  is,  that  he  should  be  called  Rome  or  Remo- 

was  slain  by  his  brother.  Liv.  i.  6.  ra,  or,  according   to    others,  Re- 

811 .  Lachrymas  devorat.  So  Si-  mura  or  Rema.   £1171.  apud  Cic. 

lius,  xii.    «  Fletumque  resorbent,'  de  divia.  i.  48.      Dionyn.  Halic. 

and  Ovid,  Heroid.  Epist.  xi. '  Et  i.  85. 

cogor  lachrymas    combibere   ipse  8-30.    Victorem.^  kc.  So  Virgil ; 

meas.'  *  Omnia  sub  pedibus  vertique  re- 

820.  Sicque  meos,^c.  Liv.  i.  6.  gique  videbunt.' 

'  Sic     deinde,     quicumque    alius  8-35.    Vinatia.  On  the  ix.  Kal. 

transiliet  mcenia  mea.'  Mai.  was   the   celebration  of  the 

827.  Nondum  facti.  Because  Vinalia,  upon  which  a  libation  of 
they  were  not  called  by  the  naiiie  the  new  wines  was  made  to  Ve- 
in the  text  until  after  the  peace  nus,  whence  this  festival  is  called 
with  Tatius.  by   Plutarch  'Aipjoa/Vfa,    and    ac- 

828.  Suhditn flamma,  §'c.  Re-  cording  to  the  poet,  infr.  860  et 
mus  was  buried  on  the  summit  of  seq.  to  Jupiter  also.  This  festi- 
the  Aventine  mount,  where  he  val  was  held  a  second  time  in  the 
had  taken  his  augury,  in  a  place  year,  on  the  xni.  or  xiv.  Kal. 
called  Remuria  or  Remoria ;  see  Septemb.  and  was  called  by 
Fast.  V.  479.   It  is  said  that  there  Varro,  rustica ;  de  L.  L.  v.  3.  o 


228 


FASTORUM.LIB,  IV. 


Tcnipla  frequentari  Collinae  proxima  portae 

Nunc  decet ;  a  Siculo  nomina  colle  tenent. 
Utque  Syracusas  Arethusidas  abstulit  armis 

Claudius,  et  bello  te  quoque  ce{)it,  Eryx  ; 
Carmine  vivacis  Venus  est  translata  Sibyllae  ; 

Inque  suae  stirpis  maluit  urbe  coli. 
Cur  igitur  Veneris  festum  Vinalia  dicant, 

Quaeritis,  et  quare  sit  Jovis  ista  dies  ? 
Turnus,  an  ^neas  Latiae  gener  esset  Amatae, 

Bellum  erat :  Hetruscas  Turnus  adoptat  opes. 
Clarus  erat,  sumptisque  ferox  Mezentius  armis  ; 


840 


845 


med.  '  Vinalia  rustica  dicuntur  a. 
d.  XII.  Kal.  Septemb.  quod  turn 
Veneri  dicata  zedes;  et  horti  ejus 
tutelsB  assignantur,  ac  turn  sunt 
feriati  olitores,'  from  whom  Fes- 
tus  differs  in  some  degree  ;  '  Rus- 
tica Vinalia  appellanfur  mense 
Augusto,  XIV.  Kal.  Sept.  Jovis 
dies  festus,  quia  Latini  bellum 
jrerentes  adversus.  Mexentium, 
omnis  vini  libationem  ei  deo  de- 
dicaverunt.  Eodem  die  Veneri 
terapla  sunt  consecrata,  alterum 
ad  Circum  Maximum,  alterum 
in  luco  Libitinensi,  quia  in  ipsius 
deae  tutela  sunt  liorti.' 

837.  Templa.  A  temple  was 
dedicated  to  Venus  Ericina  at 
Rome,  A.  u.  572,  near  the  Porta 
CoUina  ;  in  the  same  year  a  tem- 
ple was  dedicated  to  Piety  iu  the 
Forum  Olitorium. 

838.  Siculo  colle.  Eryx  ;  •  Est 
prope  Collinam  templum  vener- 
abile  portara ;  Imposuit  templo 
norr/ina  celsus  Eryx.'  Ovid.  Re- 
ned.  Amor. 

840.  Claudius.  M.  Claudius 
Marcellus  was  the  first  of  the 
Roman  generals  who  obtained 
any  advantage  over  Hannibal ; 
in  his  third  consulship  he  was 
sent  with  a  considerable  force 
against  Syracuse,  of  which  he 
made  himself  master,  having  en- 
tered the  town  while  the  inhabi- 
tants were  engaged  in  their  noc- 


turnal celebration  of  the  festival 
of  Diana ;  whence  Syracusas 
Arethusidas,  &c.;  so  named  from 
its  celebrated  fountain  Arethusa; 
he  was  called  upon,  after  the  con- 
quest of  Syracuse,  to  oppose  Han- 
nibal a  second  time,  and  after 
some  successful  engagements,  was 
at  last  entrapped  in  the  wiles  of 
his  adversaiy,  and  killed  in  an 
ambuscade  in  the  sixtieth  year  of 
his  age,  and  his  fifth  consulship. 
He  was  the  third  who  obtained 
the  Spolia  opima,  having,  after 
the  first  Punic  war,  gained  a  vic- 
tory over  the  Gauls,  and  slain 
their  king  Viridomarus,  a.  v. 
530. 

841.  Carmine  vivacis,  Sfc.  The 
poet  has  committed  an  error  here, 
the  temple  to  which  he  alludes, 
near  the  Porta  Collina,  having 
been  dedicated  by  Porcius  L.  F. 
Licinius,  in  pursuance  of  a  vow 
made  to  that  effect  by  L.  Porciu» 
during  the  Ligurian  war,  a.  V. 
572,  whereas  Syracuse  was  taken 
a.  u.  540  ;  and  further,  the  tem- 
ple built  in  honour  of  Venus  on 
the  Capitoline  hill,  by  the  com- 
mand of  the  Sibyl,  was  built  a.V. 
537  ;  so  that  in  neither  case  can 
the  poet  bo  considered  correct. 
Translata.  From  Sicily  to  Rome. 

845.  Turnus,  ^-c.  This  war  is 
discussed  at  large  in  the  six  latter 
books  of  the  iEneid. 


SEPT.  KAL.  MAI.  229 

Et  vel  equo  magnus,  vel  pede  major  erat. 
Quern  Rutuli  Turnusque  suis  adsciscere  tentant 

Partibus  :  liaec  contra  dux  ita  Tuscus  ait :  850 

Stat  mihi  non  parvo  virtus  mea ;  vulnera  testes, 

Armaque,  quae  sparsi  sanguine  saepe  meo. 
Qui  petis  auxilium,  non  grandia  divide  mecum 

Praemia,  de  lacubus  proxima  musta  tuis. 
Nulla  mora  est  operae  ;  vestrum  dare,  vincere  nostrum  est : 

Quam  velit  iEneas  ista  negata  mihi !  [855 

Annuerant  Rutuli:  Mezentius  induit  arma. 

Induit  ^neas  ;  alloquiturque  Jovem  : 
Hostica  Tyrrhenu  vota  est  vindemia  regi, 

Jupiter ;  e  Latio  palmite  musta  feres.  8G0 

Vota  valent  meliora:  cadit  Mezentius  ingens, 

Atque  indignanti  pectore  plangit  humum. 
Venerat  autumnus  calcatis  sordidus  uvis ; 

Redduntur  merito  debita  vina  Jovi. 
Dicta  dies  hinc  et  Vinalia  :  Jupiter  illam  865 

Vindicat,  et  festis  gaudet  inesse  suis. 

SEPT.  KAL.  MAI.  MEDIUM  VER.  ARIES  OCCIDIT. 
ORITUR  CANIS. 

Sex  ubi,  quae  restant,  luces  Aprilis  habebit; 

In  medio  cursu  tempora  veris  erunt. 
Et  frustra  pecudem  quaeres  Athamantidos  Helles  : 

Signaque  dant  imbres:  exoriturque  Canis.  870 


854.  De  IncuhjiSj^-c.  See  Fast.  867.   Sex  ubi,  Sfc.      When  six 
iii.  NN.  558,  559.  flays  of  the  month  of  April   shall 

855.  Opera,  sc.  auxilio.  remain,  &c.  i.e.  the  vii.Kal.Mai. 
859.   Hoslica.     Ot  the  Kiituli,  shall  he  the  middle  of  the  spring, 

in    opposition  to    Latio   palmite,  which    is  assigned,   however,  by 

infr.  Columella  to  the   day  on   which 

861.    Vota    melinra.      Because  the    festival   of    Pales  was   cele- 

they  were  addressed  to  Ju))iter.  brated,  xi.  Kal.  Mai. 

863.   Caicatis  sordidus  uvis.  In  869.  Pecudem.  The  ram,  aries, 

allusion  to  the  custom  of  treading  upon  which  Phryxus    and  Helle, 

out    the    grapes,  a    practice   still  son    and    daughter    of  Athamas, 

frequent  in  many  parts  of  Italy;  are  said  to  have  escaped  the  fury 

'  — nudataque  musto  Tinge  novo  of  their  step-mother    Ino,   Fast. 

mecura   riireptis  crura  cothurnis.'  iii.  830,  et  seq.  sets  acronycally 

Virg.  Georg.  ii.  7.  on  the  vir.  Kal.  Mai. 

'Then  conies  the  crushing  swain  ;    the  870.     Signaque     dant    imbres. 

country  floats,    ,  ,     .^.  ..     ^    ,  Fast.   i.  315,   816.    Exoriturque 

And  foams   unbounded  with  the  mashy  •      rrn               •    •                  , 

flood.'                           Tfiomson.  Cams,  1  he  poet  is  incorrect  here ; 

X 


2JJ0 


FASTORUM,  LIB.   IV. 


ROBIGALIA. 

Hac  mihi  Nomento  Romam  ciim  luce  redirem, 

Obstitit  in  media  Candida  pompa  via. 
Flamen  in  antiquae  lucuni  Robiginis  ibat, 

Exta  canis  flammis,  exta  daturus  ovis. 
Protinus  accessi,  ritus  ne  nescius  esscm  :  875 

Edidit  hsec  Flamen  verba,  Quirine  tuns  : 
Aspera  Robigo,  parcas  Cerealibus  herbis ; 

Et  tremat  in  summa  teve  cacumen  humo. 
Tu  sata  sideribus  cceli  nutrita  secundis 

Crescere,  dum  fiant  falcibus  apta,  sinas.  880 

Vis  tua  non  levis  est ;  qiiee  tu  frumenta  notasti, 

Moestus  in  amissis  ilia  colonus  habet. 
Nee  venti  tantum  Cereri   nocuere,  nee  imbres, 

Nee  sic  marmoreo  pallet  adusta  gelu, 
Quantum  si  culmos  Titan  incalfacit  udos ;  885 


Pliny  says  that  according  to  the 
Boeotians  and  Athenians,  the 
Dog  sets  on  the  twenty-sixth  of 
April,  hut  according  to  the  As- 
syrians, on  the  twenty-ninth ; 
'  Sexto  calendas  Mali  Boeotia;  et 
Atticae  canis  vesperi  occultatur 
fidicula ;  'mane  oritur;  quinto 
calendas  Assyrise  Orion  totus 
absconditur,  tertio  autem  canis;' 
Columella  mentions  also  that  it 
sets  about  this  time,  and  dates 
its  rising,  ii.  2,  on  the  vii.  Kal. 
Aug.  In  order  to  remedy  this 
inaccuracy,  some  copies  read  for 
Exoritur,  8fc.  Occidit  atque  canis, 
or  Effugietque  canis. 

871.  Hoc.  sc.  die.  Nomento. 
A  town  of  the  Sabines  not  far 
from  the  Tiber,  and  to  the  east 
of  Rome. 

872.  Candida  pompn.  A  pro- 
cession of  priests  clad  in  wliite 
robes. 

873.  Flamen.  sc.  Qiiirinalis. 
Robiginis.  The  festival  Robigalia 
was  instituted  at  Rome  in  honour 
of  the  goddess  Robigo,  or  accord- 


ing to  Varro  and  Festus,  of  the 
god  Robigus,  for  the  preservation 
of  the  corn  from  mildew,  robigo  ,- 
itvvas  or  dained  by  Numa,  whence 
antiqua:,  &c.  in  the  eleventh  year 
of  his  reign,  and  celebrated  at 
this  particular  period  of  the  year 
because  the  growing  crops  were 
more  exposed  to  the  injurious 
effects  of  smut,  mildew,  &c. 
Many  copies  read  Hubiginis, 
which  seems  to  accord  better 
with  its  etymology  rubor  or 
ruheus.  According  to  Panvinius, 
the  deity  Robigo  had  a  temple 
and  sacred  grove  in  the  Via  No- 
mentana,  outside  the  Porta  Catu- 
laria. 

874.  Exta  canis.  See  infr. 
905. 

878.  Lave.  Smooth,  opposed 
to  scabras,  infr.  887. 

884.  Marmoreo.  '  Dicitur  etiatn 
de  gelu,  quod  duritiem  marmoris 
et  candorem  refert;  hard  as  mar- 
ble ;'  For  eel. 

885.  Quaniiim,  si,  Sfc.  The 
most  dangerous  time  to  the  safety 


SEPT.  KAL.  xMAI. 


231 


Turn  locus  est  irae,  Diva  timenda,  tuae. 
Parce,  precor,  scabrasque  raanus  a  messibus  aufer  ; 

Neve  noce  cultis :  po?se  nocere  sat  est. 
Nee  teneras  segetes,  sed  durum  contere  fernim  ; 

Quodque  potest  alios  perdere,  perde  prior.  890 

Utiliiis  gladios  et  tela  nocentia  carpes  : 

Nil  opus  est  illis  ;  otia  mundus  agit. 
Sarcula  nunc,  durusque  bidens,  et  vomer  aduncus, 

Ruris  opes  niteant ;  inquinet  arma  situs. 
Conatusque  aliquis  vagina  ducere  ferrum,  895 

Astrictum  longa  sentiat  esse  mora 
At  tu  ne  viola  Cererem  ;  semperque  colonus 

Absent!  possit  solvere  vota  tibi. 
Dixerat :  a  dextra  villis  mantele  solutis, 

Cumque  meri  patera  thuris  acerra  fuit.  900 

Thura  focis  vinumque  dedit,  fibrasque  bidentis, 

Turpiaque  obscoenas  (vidimus)  exta  canis. 
Turn  mihi,  Cur  detur  sacris  nova  victima,  quaeris  ? 

(Quaesieram)  causam  percipe,  Flamen  ait : 
Est  Canis,  (Icarium  dicunt,)  quo  sidere  moto  905 


of  the  crop,  was  when  the  sun 
bore  with  violence  upon  the  ears 
soaked  with  moisture.  Titan. 
The  sun. 

887.  Scabras.    Scurfy,  scalled. 

889.  Contere.  Gnaw,  wear 
away. 

899.  Mantele.  And  Mantelium, 
a  towel,  napkin,  or  table-cloth, 
from  manus  terere,  qu.  manule- 
rium,  Varr.  de  L.  L.  v.  8,  extr. 
or  from  manus  and  tela.  Mantele 
differs  from  mappa,  the  former 
having  heen  used  as  a  table  cloth, 
furnished  by  the  host  at  an  en- 
tertainment, and  the  latter  a 
towel  for  wiping  the  hands,  which 
the  guests  generally  brought  with 
them ;  hence  Martial,  xii.  29, 
'  Attulerat  mappam  nemo  dum 
furta  timentur ;  Mantele  e  mensa 
surripit  Hermogenes;'  besides 
the  mantele  was  napped  or  fringed, 
villosum,  or  villis  solutis,  while 
the  mappa  was  smooth ;  the  for- 
mer also  was  used  in  sacrifices,  for 


wiping  the  hands  after  their  ce- 
lebration. 

900.  Patera.  A  cup  used  in 
libations.  Acerra.  A  censer  for 
burning  incense. 

905.  Est  Canis,  Sfc.  When 
Icarius,  or  Icarus,  father  of  Eri- 
gone  was  slain  by  some  intoxi- 
cated shepherds,  his  dog,  called 
Mera  or  Moera,  which  accompa- 
nied him,  returned  home,  and 
taking  hold  of  Erigone's  roiie, 
drew  her  to  the  place  where  the 
dead  body  of  her  father  lay  ;  she 
died  with  grief  at  the  sight,  and 
the  dog  remained  by  both  until 
it  perished  with  hunger.  Jove  in 
compassion  raised  them  to  the 
skies,  where  Icarius  was  called 
Bootes,  Erigone,  Virgo,  and  the 
dog  Procyon,  i.  e.  v^i  and  xuut, 
Lat.  Antecanis,  the  lesser  dog- 
star,  so  called  from  its  rising  be- 
fore the  greater.  Quo  sidere 
moto.  At  the  rising  of  which 
star. 


232 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  IV. 


Tosta  sltit  tellus,  praecipiturque  seges. 
Pro  Cane  sidereo  canis  hie  irnponitur  arae  ; 
Et,  quare  pereat,  nil  nisi  nomen  habet. 


QUART.  KAL.  MAI.  FLORALIA. 


Cum  Phrygis  Assaraci  Titania  fratre  relicto 
Sustulit  immenso  ter  jubar  orbe  suum  ; 

Mille  venit  variis  florum  Dea  nexa  coronis : 
Scena  joci  morem  liberioris  habet. 

Exit  et  in  Maias  sacrum  Florale  Kalendas  : 
Tunc  repetam  ;  nunc  me  grandius  urget  opus= 


910 


VEST^  PALATINiE  ET  PHCEBI  FESTA. 


Aufert  Vesta  diem ;  cognato  Vesta  recepta  est 
Limine  :  sic  justi  constituere  Patres. 


915 


906.  Pracipitur.  sc.  astu.  Is 
dried  up.  Virg.  Eel.  3,  98,  ' —  si 
lac  prseceperit  sestus.'  Some 
copies  read  prceciditur,  others, 
praripitur. 

909.  Titania.  Aurora,  so 
called  as  the  daughter  of  Hype- 
rion, the  Titan;  many  copies  read 
Tithonia,  but  the  reading  in  the 
text  is  sanctioned  by  the  best 
copies.  Fratre  relicto.  The  poet 
appears  to  have  put  Assaracus, 
the  son  of  Troas,  and  grand- 
uncle  of  Priam  and  Tithonus, 
for  Priam  himself,  since  fratre 
must  apply  to  Tithonus,  whose 
brother  Priam  was. 

910.  Sustulit,  S}-c.  The  festival 
Floralia  began  on  the  iv.  Kal. 
Mai.  See  Fast.  v.  183,  et  seq. 

911.  Mille  venit,  S^-c.  Flora 
■was  the  presiding  deity  over  every 
species  of  plant  and  flower. 

912.  Scena.  The  theatre  in 
which  the  Ludi  scenici  accom- 
panying the  festival  were  repre- 
sented.     Those  games  were   of 


an  excessively  licentious  charac- 
ter, whence  joci  morem  liberio- 
ris. 

913.  Exitet,  Sfc.  This  festi- 
val which  commenced  near  the 
close  of  April,  was  carried  on  and 
concluded  in  May  ;   Faat.  v.  185. 

915.  Aufert.  Aufer,  Ursiri, 
Mazar,  and  others ;  in  which, 
for  recepta  est,  is  read  recepta  es. 
Cognato.  See  Fast.  iii.  421. 
The  te.xt  is  not  to  be  understood 
as  referring  to  the  Vestaha,  the 
festival  of  Vesta,  which  was  cele- 
brated on  the  VI.  Id.  Jun.  the  day 
alluded  to  above,  was  the  anni- 
versary of  the  transferring  of  the 
Vestal  fire  itito  the  palace  of  Au- 
gustus on  the  Palatine  hill,  when 
he  was  elected  Pontifex  Maxi- 
mus,  pursuant  to  the  rule,  that 
the  priests  of  that  deity  should 
live  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of 
the  object  of  his  office. 

916.  Sic  justi.  Whence  it 
would  appear  that  the  senate 
had  decreed  the  above. 


VESTiE  PALATINI. 


233 


Phoebus  habet  partem  ;  Vestae  pars  altera  cessit : 
Quod  superest  illis,  tertius  ipse  tenet. 

State  Palatini  laurus,  praetextaque  quercu 
Stet  domus  ;  seternos  tres  habet  una  Deos. 


S20 


d\7.  Phoebus  habet  partem.  A 
temple  was  dedicated  by  Auarus- 
tus  to  Apollo  on  the  Palatine  hill ; 
whence  Ovid,  Metam,  xv.  864, 
865,  '  Vestaque  Csesareas  inter 
sacrata  Penates,  Et  cum  Csesarea 
tu,  Phoebe  domesticc,  Vesta.'  It 
contained  a  public  library,  in 
which  authors,  poets  especially, 
used  to  recite  their  compositions, 
Pers.  1.  15,  and  in  which  all 
works  of  merit  were  preserved, 
'  Scripta,  Palatinus  qusecunque 
recepit  Apollo.'  Herat.  Ep.  i. 
3,  17. 


918.  Ipse.     Augustus. 

919.  PalatmcE  laurus,  Sfc.  In 
allusion  to  the  civic  crown  of 
oak-leaves,  vfhicU  the  senate  de- 
creed should  be  suspended  from 
the  top  of  the  house  of  Augus- 
tus and  Claudius,  between  two 
branches  of  laurel,  which  were 
set  up  in  the  vestibule  in  Iront  of 
the  gate,  symbolical  of  their  pre- 
servation of  the  citizens,  and 
triumph  over  their  enemies. 

920.  Tres  Deos.  Augustus, 
Apollo,  and  Vesta.  Una.  ec.  dif- 
mus.    The  Palatiuuo. 


X2 


p.  OVIDII  NASONIS 

FASTORUM, 


LIBER  V. 


Qu^^RiTis,  unde  putem  Maio  data  nomina  mensi  ? 

Non  satis  est  liquido  cognita  causa  mihi. 
Ut  Stat,  et  incertus  qua  sit  sibi  nescit  eundum, 

Cum  videt  ex  omni  parte  viator  iter : 
Sic,  quia  posse  datur  diversas  reddere  causas, 

Qua  ferar  ignore  ;  copiaque  ipsa  nocet. 
Dicite,  quae  fontes  Aganippidos  Hippocrenes 

Grata  Medusaei  signa  tenetis  equi. 
Dissensere  Deae :  quarum  Polyhymnia  ccepit 

Prima ;  silent  alise,  dictaque  mente  notant. 


10 


1.  Quaritis,  ^c.  The  poet 
proceeds  to  discuss  the  origin  of 
the  name  of  May,  upon  which 
be  consults  the  Muses,  by  some 
of  whom  it  is  differently  ac- 
counted for. 

2.  Liquido.     Clearly. 

—   Cognita.     Ascertained. 

3.  Ut  slat,  Sec.  'fi;  S'a-ray  a;2») 
v««S  avt^os,  OUT  X-Tfl  T«XX>iv  Vala.)i 
IXtikau^aS,  (pjsff'f  ■7riVKaXi//.nffi  vona'n, 
"Ev^'  ii'uv,  »  'ivSa,  /Lcivoiv/iinii  Tt 
ToXKa.     Horn.  Iliad,  xv.  80. 

7.  Aganippidos  Hippocrenes. 
Aganippe,  or  Aganippis,  was  a 
fountain  at  the  foot  of  JMount 
Helicon,  sacred  to  Apollo  and 
the  Muses ;  Hippocrene,  also  a 
fountain  of  Helicon  on  the  bor- 
ders of  Bceotia;  the  poet  appears 
to  consider  them  both  the  same 
in  the  text.  Solinus  and  others 
more  correctly  distinguish  them, 
and  ascribes  their  being  identi- 


fied, as  above,  to  poetic  license. 
They  were  easily  confounded,  by 
reason  of  their  vicinity,  and  their 
having  been  both  consecrated  to 
the  same  presiding  deities.  It  has 
been  proposed  to  read  the  passage 
thus,  Dicite,  qua  fontes  Aganip- 
pidos, Hippocrenes,  SfC.  taking 
the  adj.  Aganippis,  for  Aganippe, 
as  patronymic  adjectives  are  fre- 
quently used  poetically  for  sub- 
stantives, For  eel. 

8.  Medusai  equi.  See  Fast.  iii. 
448,  et  seq. 

9.  Dissensere.  Disagreed  in 
opinion.  Dissedere,  Fames,  as 
Metam.  xv.  G48,  '  Dissidet  et  va- 
riat  sententia.'  Assensere.  Ju- 
nian.  Polyhymnia.  The  muse  of 
Lyric  poetry  ;  so  called  from 
ToXv;,  and  vfiifo;  carmen,  or  ac- 
cording to  some,  fiyiici,  memoria, 
qu.  Polymneia, 


MAIUS. 


235 


Post  Chaos,  ut  primiim  data  sunt  tria  corpora  mundo, 

Inque  novas  species  omne  recessit  opus  ; 
Pondere  terra  suo  subsedit,  et  aequora  traxit : 

At  ccelum  levitas  in  loca  summa  tulit. 
Sol  quoque  cum  stellis  nulla  gravitate  retentus, 

Et  vos  lunares  exsiluistis  equi. 
Sed  neque  terra  diu  coelo,  nee  caetera  Phoebo 

Sidera  cedebant ;  par  erat  omnis  honos. 
Saepe  aliquis  solio,  quod  tu,  Saturne,  tenebas, 

Ausus  de  media  plebe  sedere  Deus. 
Et  latus  Oceano  quisquam  Deus  advena  junxit ; 

Tethys  et  extreme  saepe  recepta  loco  est. 
Donee  Honor,  placidoque  decens  Reverentia  vultu 

Corpora  legitimis  imposuere  toris. 
Hinc  sata  IMajestas  ;  hos  est  Dea  censa  parentes  : 

Quaque  die  partu  est  edita,  magna  fuit. 
Nee  mora ;  consedit  medio  sublimis  Olyrapo, 

Aurea,  purpureo  conspicienda  sinu. 
Consedere  simul  Pudor  et  metus  ;  omne  videres 

Numen  ad  banc  cultus  composuisse  suos. 
Protinus  intravit  nientes  suspectus  honorum  : 


15 


20 


30 


11.  Tria  corpora.  See  Fast.  i. 
103,  et  seq. 

13.  Pondere  terra  suo,  §*c. 
Compare  Metam.  i.  26,  et  seq. 

19.  Sape  aliquis.  Compare 
Juvenal,  13,  38. 

20.  De  media  plebe.     Gr.  tov 

21.  Latus  junxit.  So  Horace, 
Sat.  ii.  5,  18,  <  Utne  tegam 
Spurco  Dam»  latus.'  This  verse 
is  suspected  by  some  commenta- 
tors, and  various  readings  pro- 
posed ;  Nee  latus  Oceano  quis 
quando  leve  tegehat ;  Mazar.  Nee 
latus  Oceano,  quamvis  grandceva 
tegehat,  Tethijs,  §-c.  A).  By  the 
Deus  advena,  it  is  to  be  under- 
stood that  there  was  at  this  time 
no  distinction  of  rank  or  charac- 
ter among  the  deities. 

22.  Extremo  loco.  On  the 
lowest  or  least  honorable  couch. 
See  Adam's  R.  Antiq.  Boyd's 
new  edit.  pp.  371,  372. 

24.  Corpora,  ^c,  A  periphrasis 


indicative  of  marriage,  which  is 
frequently  shown  by  this  figure, 
Ovid,  ex  Pont.  iii.  ep.  3,  50,  '  le- 
gitimes solicitare  toros.'  Fast.  iii. 
511,  '  Tu  mihi  juncta  toro.' 

25.  Majestas.  The  offspring  of 
Honour  and  Reverence,  whence, 
according  to  Polyhymnia,  the 
name  Maia  or  May.  Est  censa, 
i.e.  numeravit,  habuit,  Forcel. ; 
the  deponent  form  of  censeo  ;  so 
ex  Pont.  i.  ep.  2,  139,  '  Hanc  pro- 
bat,  et  primo  dilectam  semper  ab 
aevo  Est  inter  comites  JVIarcia 
censa  suas.' 

28.  Sinu.   Robe  or  vestment. 

29.  Pudor  et  Metus.  The  as- 
sociates of  majesty  by  which  she 
was  preserved  inviolable.  Coti- 
sedere.    So  Hesiod,  Ejy.  H^.  197. 

rroyr'  av^^a/vov;  A(Sis);  xai  ytfiiffi;, 

'  Called  to  the  eternal  synod  of  the  skie?. 
The  virgins  Modesty  and  Justice  rise.' 

£«071. 

31.    Suspectus.      Admiration, 


236  FASTORUM,  LIB.  V. 

Fit  pretium  dignis  ;  nee  sibi  quisque  placet. 
Hie  status  in  coelo  multos  permansit  in  annos, 

Dum  senior  f'atis  exeidit  arce  Deus. 
Terra  feros  partus,  immania  monstra,  Gigantas  35 

Edidit,  ausuros  in  Jo  vis  ire  domum. 
Mille  nianus  illis  dedit,  et  pro  cruribus  angues  ; 

Atque  ait,  In  magnos  arma  movete  Deos. 
Exstruere  hi  montes  ad  sidera  sumnia  parabant, 

Et  magnum  bello  solicitare  Jovem.  40 

Fulmina  de  cceli  jaculatus  Jupiter  arce, 

Vertit  in  auctores  pondera  vasta  suos. 
His  bene  Majestas  armis  defensa  Dcorum 

Restat,  et  ex  illo  tempore  firma  manet. 
Assidet  ilia  Jovi;  Jovis  est  iidissima  cusitos  ;  45 

Et  praestat  sine  vi  sceptra  tresnenda  Jovi. 
Venit  et  in  terras  :  coluerunt  Romulus  illam 

Et  Numa  ;  mox  alii,  tempore  quisque  suo. 
Ilia  patres  in  honore  pio  matresque  tuetur ; 

Ilia  comes  pueris  virgin ibusque  venit-.  .50 

Ilia  datos  fasces  commendat,  eburque  curule ; 

Ilia  coronatis  alta  triumphat  equis. 
Finierat  voces  Polyhymnia  :  dicta  probarunt 

Clioque,  et  curvse  scita  Thalia  lyrae. 
Excipit  Uranie  :  fecere  silentia  cunctae  ;  55 

Et  vox  audiri  nulla,  nisi  ilia,  potest. 
Magna  fuit  quondam  capitis  reverentia  cani, 

Inque  suo  pretio  ruga  senilis  erat. 
Martis  opus  juvenes  animosaque  bella  gerebant : 

Et  pro  Dis  aderant  in  statione  suis.  60 

Viribus  ilia  minor,  nee  habendis  utilis  armis, 

Consilio  patriae  saepe  ferebat  opem. 
Nee  nisi  post  annos  patuit  tunc  curia  seros  ; 

regard,  or  esteem.     Senec.  ii.  de  piandum,   Si  juveuis  vetulo  non 

benef.  c.  26,  *  Nimius  sui  suspec-  assurrexerat,  et   si    Barbato  cui- 

tus,  et  insitum  mortalitati  vitium  cutrque  puer.'  Juvenal,  13,  54. 
se  suaque  mirandi.'  60.  In  statione.    At  their  post. 

34.  Senior  Dens.    Saturn.  61.    Ula.  sc.  atas  senilis.    The 

39.  Montes.    Pelion,  Ossa,  &c.  poet   proceeds    to    describe    the 

54.  Thalia.    From  Gr.  fi/ikxnv,  constitution   as   it   was  ordaiued 

quia    semper    virescat    poetarum  by  Romulus, 
gloria.  Uranie.  From  Gr.  «uaavoj,         G'^.  Nee  nisi ,  ^c.    In  the  choice 

or  qu,  ra  eiyto  o^uca,  qua:  sint  sur-  of  senators  regard  was  not  only 

sum  spectilans.  paid  to  tlieir  rank  and  fortune, 

57.   Magiiafuit,  SfC.     '  Crede-  but  to  their  age  also ;  it  is  cer- 

bant  hoc  graude  nefas  et  niorte  tain  that  some  particular  period 


MAIUS. 


237 


Nomen  et  setatis  mite  senatus  erat. 
Jura  dabat  populo  senior  ;  finitaque  certis 

Legibus  est  setas,  iindt  petatur  honos. 
Et  medius  juvenum,  non  indignantibiis  ipsis, 

Ibat ;  et  interior,  si  comes  unus  erat. 
Verba  quis  auderet  coram  sene  digna  rubore 

Dicere  ?  censnram  longa  senecta  dabat. 
Romulus  hoc  vidit ;  selectaque  pectora,  Patres 

Dixit  ad  hos  Urbis  summa  relata  novae. 
Hinc  sua  majores  posuisse  vocabula  Maio 

Tango r,  et  aetati  consul uisse  suae. 
Et  Numitor  dixisse  potest,  "  Da  Ilomule,  mensem 

Hunc  senibus  ;  nee  avum  sustinuisse  nepos. 
Nee  leve  praepositi  pignus  successor  honoris 


65 


70 


/0 


of  life  was  defined,  previous  to 
which  they  could  not  be  elected, 
Cic.  de.  leg.  Manil.  21,  but  what 
that  period,  the  atas  senatoria, 
was,  is  not  known.  In  Cicero's 
time,  it  is  probable,  that  members 
were  admissible  at  one  or  two  and 
thirty  years  of  age,  since  he  makes 
frequent  mention  of  his  having 
obtained  all  the  honours  of  the 
state,  each  in  his  proper  year,  suo 
anno,  as  ordained  by  law,  and  it  is 
known  that  he  had  passed  his 
thirtieth  year  before  he  obtained 
the  qusestorship,  which  he  filled 
the  year  following  in  Sicily,  and 
which  was  the  first  civil  ofiice 
that  gave  admission  into  the  se- 
nate. Some  are  of  opinion  that 
the  qusestorship  might  have  been 
held  at  twenty-five,  Dion.  Cass. 
lii.  20,  and,  therefore,  that  sena- 
tors might  have  been  chosen  at 
such  an  age  ;  others,  on  the  au- 
thority of  Polybius,  vi.  17,  (who 
mentions  that  the  Romans  were 
obliged  to  serve  ten  years  in  the 
army,  for  which  seventeen  was 
the  prescribed  age,  cetas  militaris, 
before  they  could  be  appointed  to 
any  civil  magistracy,)  conjecture 
twenty-seven  to  have  been  the 
requisite  time  of  life  for  a  sena- 
tor.    It  is  certain,  however,  that 


originally  the  senate  consisted  of 
men  advanced  in  life  ;  Sail.  Catil. 
6,  Cic.  de  Sen.  Flor.  i.  15,  and 
supr.  post  annos  seros,  §t.  It  may 
be  concluded  from  the  laws  pre- 
scribed to  foreign  nations,  in 
imitation  of  the  Romans,  that  ia 
after  times  the  required  age  for  a 
senator  was  not  below  thirty ;  Cic. 
in  Varr.  2,  49  ;  Plin.  Ep.  x.  83. 

67.  Medius.  The  most  honor- 
able place,  among  many  ;  as  it 
was  also  to  walk  inside  if  there 
were  only  two.  See  iS'a//.  J^«^.  II, 
Horat.  Sat.  ii.  5,  17. 

69.  Verba  quis,  Sfc,  TiXivrouet 
ii  01  vicoTaToif  Xoyav  f^iv  ouoivcc  Xe- 
yatTii,  'in  ya^  Jjv.o''  utir^vi/riS  r'o  TS 
Fafiaiois  TouTo,  x,a.)   vioj   ouhii;   IKU- 

Dionys.  Halicarn.  vii. 

71.  Selectaque  pectora.  So 
Properlius;  '  Pellitos  habuit  rus- 
tic» corda  patres ;'  and  Virgil ; 
' — juvenes  fortissiraa  frustra  Pec- 
tora.'  Some  copies  read  corpora. 

74.  Tangor,  Sfc.  i.  e.  inducor  ut 
credam.  Forcel.  Consuluisse.  Con- 
sulted the  divinity  of  their  years. 

76.  Sustinuisse.     Withstood. 

77.  Nee  leve.  June,  as  derived 
from^Mfenes,  is  advanced  as  ano- 
ther argument  in  favour  of  May 
having  been  derived  from  majores. 


238  FASTORUM,  LIB.  V.  >■ 

Junius  a  juvenum  nomine  dictus  habet. 
Turn  sic,  neglectos  hedera  redimita  capillos, 

Prima  sui  coepit  CalHopea  cliori :  80 

Duxerat  Oceanus  quondam  Titanida  Tethyn, 

Qui  terram  liquidis,  qua  patet,  ambit  aquis. 
Hinc  sata  Plei'one  cum  caelifero  Atlante 

Jungitur,  ut  fama  est ;  Plei'adasque  parit. 
Quarum  Maia  suas  forma  superasse  sorores  85 

Traditur,  et  summo  concubuisse  Jovi. 
Haec  enixa  jugo  cupressiferae  Cyllenes 

^theri\mi  volucri  qui  pede  carpit  iter. 
Arcades  hunc,  Ladonque  rapax,  et  Maenalos  ingens 

Rite  colunt,  luna  credita  terra  prior.  90 

Exul  ah  Arcadiis  Latios  Evander  in  agros 

Venerat ;  impositos  attuleratque  Deos. 
Hie,  ubi  nunc  Roma  est  orbis  caput,  arbor  et  herbae, 

Et  paucae  pecudes,  et  casa  rara  fuit. 
Q,ub  postquam  ventum  ;  Consistite,  pra^scia  mater,  95 

Nam  locus  imperii  rus  erit  istud,  ait. 
Et  matri  et  vati  paret  Nonacrius  heros ; 

Inque  peregrina  constitit  hospes  humo. 
Sacraque  multa  quidem,  sed  Fauni  prima  bicornis 

Has  docuit  gentes,  alipedisque  Dei.  100 

Semicaper,  coleris  cinctutis,  Faune,  Lupercis  ; 

Cum  lustrant  celebres  vellera  secta  vias. 
At  tu  materno  donasti  nomine  mensem, 

The  order  of  the  text  in  construe-         87.    Cijllenes.  Fast.  ii.  N.  244. 
tion  is,  Et  Junius  successor,  die-         89.  Ladonque.   Fast.  ii.  242.  K. 

tus  a  nomine  juvenum,  habet  nan  Manalos.  Fast.  ii.  N.  160. 
leve  pignus  prcepositi  ((|ui    Maio         90.    Lund  credita  prior.  Fast. 

praecedenti  d-itur)  honoris.  i.  N.  419,  et  seq. 

80.  Sui  chori.    This  alludes  to  92.  Impositos.  sc.  navi. 

as  many  of  her  sister  Muses   as  97.  Et  matri  etvati.  i.e.matri 

were   inclined   to   adopt  the  opi-  pr^scice,  hy  tlie  figure  Hendiadys. 

jiion    of    their    leader   Calliope ;  Nonacrius.    Fast.  ii.  N.  243. 

three  only  having  g^iven  an  opinion  99.  Fauni  bicornis.  Ibid.  N.  230. 

on  thesuljject,  itis  to  be  supposed  101.     Cinctutis.     Wearing    an 

that  the  rest  were  variously  influ-  apron,  or  erarment  tied  round  the 

enced  by  tlie  different  conjectures,  waist  and  descending  helow  the 

81.  Titanida.  Tcthys  was  so  knees;  the  Luperci  wore  no 
called  from  her  having  been  the  other  clothing,  wlience  they  were 
sister  of  Titan,  or  Tit.-.nus,  son  called  nudi.  Fast.  ii.  255,  and  de- 
of  Ccelus  or   Uranus,  and  Vesta  tecti,  ibid.  269. 

or  Terra;   Fast.  ii.  159.  102.    Ciim  lustra7it,  Sfc.     See 

83.  Hi7ic  sata,  ^c.  Fast.  ii.  N.     Fast.  ii.  n.  31. 
372.  103.  At  tu,  ^c.   Hence,  accord- 


MAIUS. 


239 


Inventor  curvae,  furibus  apte,  fidis. 
Nee  pietas  haec  prima  tua  est ;  septena  putaris, 

Pleiadum  nutnerum,  fila  dedisse  lyrae. 
Haec  quoque  desierat,  laudataque  voce  sororum  est. 

Quid  faciam  ?  turbae  pars  habet  omnis  idem. 
Gratia  Pieridum  nobis  aequaliter  adsit ; 

Nullaque  laudetur  plusve  minusve  mihi. 


105 


110 


<KAL.  MAI.  ORITUR  CAPELLA. 


Ab  Jove  surgat  opus :  prima  mihi  nocte  videnda 

Stella  est  in  cunis  officiosa  Jovis. 
Nascitur  Oleniae  signum  pluviale  Capellas  ; 

Ilia  data  coelum  praemia  lactis  habet. 
Nais  Amalthea  Cretaea  nobilis  Ida 

Dicitur  in  silvis  occuluisse  Jovera. 
Huic  fuit  hasdorum  mater  Formosa  duorum 

Inter  Dictaeos  conspicienda  greges  ; 
Cornibus  aeriis,  atque  in  sua  terga  recurvis ; 


115 


ing  to  Calliope,  the  origin  of  the 
name  May. 

104.  Inoentor,  SfC.  Mercury 
was  the  inventor  of  the  lyre,  and 
the  patron  god  of  thieves ;  fidis, 
is  used  hy  prose  writers  in  the 
plural  only,  indifferently  by  the 
poets;  it  had  seven  strings, 
whence  infr.  septena  putaris,  &c. 

108.  Habet  idem.  sc.  juris,  or 
auctorilatis ;  the  poet  acknow- 
ledgea  himself  to  be  at  a  loss 
what  opinion  to  adopt  as  each  of 
the  Muses  was  entitled  to  the 
same  authority  and  regard. 

111.  Prima  mihi,  ^c.  On  the 
kalends  of  May  the  goat  rises  he- 
liacally. 

\  12.  In  cunis  officiosa.  Kindly 
attentive  to  the  infant  years  of 
.Jove;  cunm,  htevaWv,  a  cradle,  is 
derived  qu.  cynce,  from  Gr.  kuu, 
pario. 

113.  OlenicE.  The  goat,  Ca- 
pella,  was  so  called  from  Amal- 
thea having  resided  at  Olenus,  a 
town  of  Achaia  in  Peloponnesus, 
situated  on  the  river  Melas,  be- 


tween Patra  and  Cyllene.  Ac- 
cording to  others,  Olenus  was  » 
city  of  Bojotia  in  which  Amal- 
thsea  had  been  reared,  whence 
Aratus  ;  'ilXiv'ittv  Ss  /^iv  xTya  A(«j 
xa>.iovs'  ii'TopiiTai.  Pauaanlas  men- 
tions Neda  and  Ithome  as  having 
been  the  nurses  of  the  infant 
Jove  while  in  the  Dictsean  cave  ; 
to  these  some  writers  add  Adras- 
tea,  Apollon.  Rhod.  Argon,  iii. 
and  Ida,  daughters  of  Melisseus, 
and  sisters  of  the  Curetes.  Lac- 
tantius,  De  fals.  reliy.  mentions 
that  Jupiter  was  nursed  by  Amal- 
thea and  Melissa,  daughters  of 
Melisseus,  king  of  Crete,  upon 
goat's  milk  and  honey.  Amalthea 
is  sometimes  confounded  with 
the  goat  by  which  Jove  was 
suckled,  and  to  which  the  nymph 
gave  her  own  name,  whence  pro- 
bably the  mistake  arose.  The 
goat  and  its  two  kids  were  chang- 
ed into  stars  by  Jupiter;  the  goat, 
«4»  appears  in  the  shoulder,  and 
the  kids  in  the  left  hand  of  Au- 
riga, or  'Hvmxoi ;  their  rising  and 


240 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  V. 


Ubere,  quod  nutrix  posset  habere  Jovis. 
Lac  dabat  ilia  Deo :  sed  fregit  in  arbore  cornu, 

Truncaque  dimidia  parte  decoris  erat. 
Sustulit  hoc  Nyniphe  ;  cinctumque  recentibus  herbis, 

Et  plonum  pomis  ad  Jovis  ora  tulit. 
Ille,  ubi  res  coeli  teniiit,  solioque  paterno 

Sedit,  et  invicto  nil  Jove  majus  erat : 
Sidera  nutricem,  nutricis  fertile  cornu 

Fecit ;  quod  dominae  nunc  quoque  nomen  habet. 


120 


125 


ARA    LARIBUS    PR^STITIBUS    POSITA. 

Praestitibus  Maia?  Laribus  videre  Kalendae 
Aram  constitui,  signaque  parva  Deiim. 

Voverat  ilia  quidem  Curius;  sed  multa  vetustas 
Destruit,  et  saxo  longa  senecta  nocet. 

Causa  tamen  positi  fuerat  cognominis  illis, 
Quod  prsestant  oculis  omnia  tuta  suis. 


130 


setting  were  accompanied  with 
rain  and  storm,  Hyyin.  Poet.  As- 
tron.  ii.  12,  iii.  12,  whence  signum 
pluviale. 

123.  IVi/mphe.  Amalthea.  Re- 
centihus  herbis.  Theocrit.  Idnll. 
xxvi.  v=aS»iTT«/  /3»,««(  arcE  Jluribus 
herbisve  recentibus  vincia. 

127.  Sidera  nutricem,  Sfc.  He 
changed  the  goat  and  her  horn 
into   stars;  <]uod  domina.  Sec.  it 

was    called    xsoa;     'A//,aXhia.;,     or 

cornu  copifT,  the  horn  of  plenty. 
Compare  Ovid.  Mctam.  ix.  85, 
et  seq. 

129.  Prcestitibus.  Infr.  134. 
On  tlie  Kalends  of  May  every 
year  the  public  sacrifices  were 
offered  to  the  Lares.  It  appears 
that  Augustus  directed  them  to 
be  pe;-formed  twice  in  the  year 
publicly,  that  the  Lares  might 
have  the  primitice,  of  the  spring 
and  summer  flowers,  Sueton.  in 
vit.  August.  31.  and  privately  as 
often  as  the  families  over  which 
they  presided  should  happen  to 
require  their  assistance. 

131.  Curius.  Manius  Curius 
Deutatus,  a  noble  Roman   who 


held  the  consulship  with  P. , Cor- 
nelius Rufinus ;  he  triumphed 
first  over  the  Samnites,  to  whose 
ambassadors,  (who  found  him  en- 
gaged in  dressing  some  rape  root,) 
when  they  sought  to  corrupt  him 
with  gold,  he  made  the  celebrated 
reply ;  Curium  malle  imperare  lo- 
cupletibus,  cjuam  locvpletem  fieri  : 
et  qui  in  acie  vinci  nun  posset,  eum 
pecunia  corrumpi  non  posse.  He 
conquered  the  Sabines  also,  and 
obtained  an  ovation  for  his  defeat 
of  the  Lucani.  He  drove  Pyrrhus 
out  of  Italy,  Eutrop.  ii.  9 — 14. 
Horace  represents  him  as  wearing 
his  hair  undressed,  in  allusion, 
probably  to  the  manners  of  the 
age  in  which  he  lived,  when  the 
refinements  of  after  times  were 
held  in  contempt;  ' —  incomtis 
Curium  capillis  Utilem  hello.' 
Od.  i.  12,  41.  He  was  consi- 
dered as  a  pattern  of  frugality 
and  courage,  whence  Juvenal; 
'  Qui  Curios  simulant  et  Baccha- 
nalia vivunt.' 

132.  Saxo.  The  stone  of 
which  the  images  of  the  Lares 
were  made. 


KAL.  MAI. 


241 


Slant  quoque  pro  nobis,  et  praesunt  mcenibus  Urbis ;  135 

Et  sunt  praesentes,  auxiliumque  ferunt. 
At  canis  ante  pedes  saxo  fabricatus  eodem 

Stabat :  quae  standi  cum  Lare  causa  fuit  ? 
Servat  uterque  domum ;  domino  quoque  fidus  uterque : 

Compita  grata  Deo  ;  compita  grata  cani.  140 

Exagitant  et  Lar  et  turba  Diania  fures: 

Pervigilantque  Lares,  pervigilantque  canes. 
Bina  gemellorum  quaerebam  signa  Deorum 

Viribus  annosae  facta  caduca  morae : 
Mille  Lares,  Geniumque  Ducis,  qui  tradidit  illos,         145 

Urbs  habet :  et  vici  numina  trina  colunt. 
Quo  feror  ?  Augustus  mensis  mihi  carminis  hujus 

Jus  dabit.     Interea  Diva  canenda  Bona  est. 


141.  Turba  Diania.  Dogs, 
which  were  sacred  to  Diana,  as 
the  goddess  of  the  chase. 

143.  Gemellorum  Deorum. 
Fast.  ii.  497.  Qucerebam.  I  was 
at  a  loss,  I  was  enquiring  after. 

145.  Mille  Lares.  A  thousand 
statues  of  the  Lares,  a  definite 
put  for  an  indefinite  number, 
■which  succeeded  the  twin  statues 
that  had  fallen  to  decay.  Upon 
the  passage  of  Horace,  Sat.  ii.  3, 
281,  '  Libertinus  erat  qui  circum 
compita  siccus  Lautis  mane  senex 
manibus  currebat ;'  Aero  remarks, 
Augustum  jussisse  in  compitis  decs 
penates  (Lares,  id  est  deos  domes- 
ticos.  Porphyr.)  constilui,  ut  stu- 
diosius  colerentur.  In  every  street 
there  were  the  two  statues  of  the 
Lares,  with  an  image  of  Augus- 
tus, whence  Geniumq.  ducis,  and 
vici  trina  numina  colunt.  By  some 
commentators  these  latter  phra- 
ses are  supposed  to  allude  to 
Mercury,  the  father  of  the  Lares, 
Fast.  ii.  495,  but  besides  the 
compliment  which  the  poet  may 
in  this  instance  be  admitted  to 
have  paid  Augustus  with  since- 
rity, the  text  is  in  favour  of  the 
interpretation  as  above ;  trader e, 
est,  offerre  alicui  tuendum,  ornan- 
dum,  Forcel.    '  Compitales  Lares 


ornare  bis  in  anno  instituit,  ver- 
nis  floribus  et  sestivis.'  Sueton. 
Aug.  31,  whence  tradidit,  145, 
may  be  correctly  explained  by 
ornandos  instituit. 

147.  Augustus  mensis.  The 
month  of  August;  so  Juvenal, 
Sat.  3,  9,  '  Augusto  recitantes 
mense  poetas.'  Martial,  Fpig. 
xii.  G8.  '  Augustus  redit  idibus 
Diana.' 

148.  Diva  Bona.  Gr.  'Ayafh 
6ia ;  the  earth  was  worshipped 
under  this  appellation  by  the  Ro- 
mans, becau^e  it  supplied  man- 
kind with  all  the  requisites  for 
existence,  whence  Sana  Dca 
is  considered  synonymous  with 
Fauna,  afavendo,  Fatua,  afando, 
quod  infantes  partu  editi  non 
prius  vocem  edunt  quam  terram 
attigerint ;  Forcel.  and  Ops,  ab 
ope  ferenda.  By  some  she  is  iden- 
tified with  Maia,  by  others  with 
Juno,  or  Seniele ;  according  to 
Varro,  Bona  Dea  was  the  daugh- 
ter of  Faunus,  and  so  strictly 
chaste,  that  she  never  left  her 
apartment,  yuvaixciinrr,; ,  never  saw 
a  man,  nor  was  seen  by  one  ;  con- 
sequently men  were  forbidden  to 
enter  her  temple,  or  be  present 
at  her  sacrifices,  which  were  per- 
formed in  secret  and  by  women 

y 


242 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  V. 


Est  moles  nativa  :  loco  res  nomina  fecit. 

Appellant  saxum  :  pars  bona  montis  ea  est.  1 50 

Huic  Remus  institerat  frustra,  quo  tempore  fratri 

Prima  Palatinae  signa  dedistis  aves. 
Templa  Patres  illic,  oculos  exosa  viriles, 

Leniter  acclivi  constituere  jugo. 
Dedicat  haec  veteris  Clausorum  nominis  heres,  155 

Virgineo  nullum  corpore  passa  virum. 
Livia  restituit ;  ne  non  imitata  maritum 

Esset,  et  ex  omni  parte  secuta  virum. 

SEXT.  NON.  MAI.  ARGESTES  FLAT. 

Postera  cum  roseam  pulsis  Hyperionis  astris 

In  matutinis  lampada  tollit  equis ;  160 

Frigidus  Argestes  summas  mulcebit  aristas, 
Candidaque  a  Calabris  vela  dabuntur  aquis. 


only.  The  sanctity  c.  her  rites 
was  profaned  by  P.  Clodius,  who 
was  enamoured  of  Csesar's  second 
wife,  Pompeia,  one  of  the  priest- 
esses of  the  goddess,  and  obtained 
admission  to  the  deity's  sanctuary 
disguised  as  a  woman.  He  was 
discovered,  however,  and  driven 
out  by  Aurelia,  Caesar's  mother  ; 
Sueton.  in  Cces.  6,  and  74.  Cicero 
dwells  strongly  upon  this  crimi- 
nality of  Clodius,  in  his  oration 
in  defence  of  Milo.  Sacrifices 
were  offered  to  this  deity  on  the 
kalends  of  May,  in  the  house  of 
the  consuls  and  praetors,  to  pro- 
pitiate her  good  will  towards  the 
Roman  people ;  a  pregnant  sow 
was  the  u-.ual  victim. 

149.  Moles  nativa.  A  natural 
rock ;  Heroid.  ep.  5,  61,  '  Adspi- 
cit  immensum  moles  nativa  pro- 
fundum;  Mons  fuit."  the  poet 
proceeds  to  describe  the  temple 
of  Bona  Dea  on  the  Aventine  hill. 

152.  PalaliiicE  ('^•es.  The  twelve 
vultures  which  R  ,iiulus  saw  and 
accepted  as  a  favorable  augury, 
were  so  called  from  his  having 
chosen  the  Palatine  hill  for  his 
place  of  observation. 

153.  Oculos  exosa  viriles.  Supr. 
N.  148. 


155.  Veteris  Clausorum,  Sfc. 
See  Fast.  iv.  279;  there  is  no 
reason  for  doubting  that  the  same 
person  is  intended  by  both  pas- 
sages. The  temple  was  built  by 
Claudia,  and  restored  by  Livia, 
who  desired  not  to  be  surpassed 
by  her  husband  in  zeal  and  respect 
for  her  country's  deities. 

159.    Postera.  vi.  Non.  Mai. 

161.  Aryestes.  Called  also  la- 
pyx  ;  the  north-west  wind  ;  fabled 
to  be  the  son  of  Aurora.  Mulce- 
bit. Seneca,  v.  Qucest.  natur.  c.  16, 
draws  the  following  distinction 
between  the  winds  of  Corus,  and 
Argestes,  which  are  frequently 
identified,  the  former  being  con- 
sidered the  Latin  name  for  the 
latter  ;  '  Cori  vioienta  vis  est,  et 
in  unum  partem  rapax ;  Argestes 

fere  mollis  est,  et  tarn  euntibus 
communis,  quam  redeuntibus.' 
Miscehit.  Sarrav.  concuticndo  enini 
miscet  aristas,  Burman.  vndcebit, 
i.  e.  leviter  agitabit,  motabit.  For- 
cel.  So  Cicer.  in  Arat.  88,  '  Igni- 
ferum  mulcens  tremebundis  «Mera 
jjennis,'  ivinnowing  the  air.  Fast. 
i.  155. 

162.  Calabris  aquis.  Calabria 
lay  to  the  south-east  of  Italy ; 
Brundisium,  one  of  its  principal 


SEXT.  NON.  MAI. 


243 


HYADES  ORIUNTUR. 

At  simul  inducunt  obscura  crepuscula  noctem  ; 

Pars  Hyadum  toto  de  grege  nulla  latet. 
Ora  micant  Tauri  septem  radiantia  flammis, 

Navita  quas  Hyadas  Graius  ab  imbre  vocat. 
Pars  Bacchum  nutrisse  putat  :  pars  credidit  esse 


165 


cities,  was  remarkable  for  the  ac- 
commodation and  security  of  its 
extensive  harbour;  the  ordinary 
passage  from  Italy  to  Greece  was 
from  this  port  to  Dyrrachium  ; 
whence  Horace  in  his  ode  to  the 
vessel  in  which  Virgil  embarked 
for  Athens  ;  '  Sic  te  diva  potens 
Cypri,  sic  fratres  Helense  lucida 
sidera,  Ventorumque  regat  pater, 
astrictis  aliis  prseter  lapyga  :' 
Od.  i.  1,  1.  et  seq. 

163.  At  simul  inducunt,  Sec. 
According  to  the  poet,  the  Hya- 
des  rise  acronycally ;  in  this  he 
varies  from  the  more  correct  au- 
thorities who  assert  their  heliacal 
rising  to  be  on  the  vi.  Non.  Mai. ; 
so  Pliny,  xviii.  66, '  vi.  Non.  Mail. 
Csesari  Suculse  matutino  oriuntur.' 

164.  Pars  Hyadum.  The  poet 
proceeds  to  discuss  in  the  follow- 
ing lines  the  origin  of  the  Hyades ; 
they  appear  to  have  been  so  call- 
ed by  the  Greeks  from  Gr.  unv, 
pluere,  in  consequence  of  the 
storms  that  accompany  their  ris- 
ing and  setting.  They  are  also 
called  Sucula,  a  name  which  ori- 
ginated in  the  ignorance  of  the 
ancient  Romans,  who  supposed 
that  the  constellation  was  so 
called  from  its  resemblance  to 
the  figure  of  a  small  sow,  sucula, 
dimin.  from  sus,  as  bucula  from 
60s,  in  the  Greek  was ;  this  error 
was  exposed  and  refuted  by  Ci- 
cero, /.  ii.  de  Nat.  Dear.  c.  43, 
'  Tauri  caput  stellis  conspersum 
est  frequentibus.  Has  Grseci 
Stellas  icclcc;  vocitare  suerunt;  a 
pluendo,    ȣ/>   enim    est    pluere. 


Nostri  imperite  Suculas,  quasi  a 
suibus  essent,  non  ab  imbribus 
nominatae.'  A  sagacious  German 
critic  wishes  to  infer  an  allusion 
to  the  name  sucula,  from  toto  de 
grege,  supr.  the  application  of 
grex  however  is  not  to  be  so  limit- 
ed ;  Cic.  pro.  Sull.  28.  '  Hones- 
tissimorum  hominum  greges  ;' 
De  Orat.  i.  10.  '  Philosophorum 
greges;'  Id.  Attic,  ep.  i.  18. 
'  Amicorum  greges ;'  Horat.  Ep, 
i.  9,  in  fin,  '  Scribe  tui  gregis 
hunc  ;'  i.  e.  recipe  inter  tuos  am- 
icos,  ForceL  Senec.  in  Irond.  138. 
'  Grex  regum  ;'  Sil.  vii.  58, 
'  Grex  ille  virorum  ;'  from  which 
it  would  appear  that  grex  might 
be  applied  to  the  assemblage  of 
stars  which  form  a  constellation, 
independent  of  any  forced  con- 
ceit. Another  origin  of  the  term 
Hyades  is  said  to  be  the  resem- 
blance in  the  disposition  of  the 
stars  to  the  Greek  letter  T; 

I  Go.  Ora  micant  Tauri,  ifc. 
The  seven  stars  which  constitute 
the  Hyades  being  placed  in  the 
head  of  Taurus  ;  Schol.  German. 
Tauro.  '  In  signo  autem  Tauri 
frons  et  facies  Hyades  appellan- 
tur.' 

167.  Pars  Bacchum  nutrisse. 
According  to  some  authorities, 
these  seven  stars  were  originallv 
nymphs  of  Dodona  in  Epirus, 
nurses  of  the  infant  Bacchus, 
who,  dreading  the  resentment  of 
Juno  and  the  cruelty  of  Lycur- 
gus,  were  translated  by  Jupiter 
to  the  skies.  Schol.  Horn,  ad  Iliad, 
xviii.    486,   i-l^'.xuir,!  Vi  t«,-  TaJa? 


244 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  V. 


Tethyos  has  neptes,  Oceanique  senis. 
Nonclum  stabat  Atlas,  humeros  oneratus  Olympo; 

Cum  satus  est  forma  conspiciendus  Hyas.  170 

Hunc  stirps  Oceani  maturis  nisibus  ^thra 

Edidit,  et  Nymphas :  sed  prior  ortus  Hyas. 
Dum  nova  lanugo  ;  pavidos  ibrmidine  cervos 

Terret,  et  est  illi  praeda  benigna  lepus. 
At  postquam  virtus  annis  adolevit ;  in  apros  175 

Audet,  et  hirsutas  cominus  ire  feras. 
Dumque  petit  latebras  foetae  catulosque  leaenae ; 

Ipse  fuit  Libycae  praeda  cruenta  ferae. 
Mater  Hyan,  et  Hyan  mcestae  flevere  sorores, 

Cervicemque  polo  suppositurus  Atlas.  1 80 

Victus  uterque  parens  taraen  est  pietate  sororum  : 

Ilia  dedit  ccelum  :  nomina  fecit  Hyas. 

FLORALIUM  FINIS. 

Mater,  ades,  florum,  ludis  celebrata  jocosis  ; 

Distideram  partes  mense  priore  tuas. 
Incipis  Aprili :  transis  in  Tempora  Maii.  185 

Alter  te  fugiens,  cum  venit  alter,  habet. 


168.  Tethyos  neptes.  Some 
suppose  the  Hyades  to  have  been 
the  granddaughters  of  Tethys  and 
Oceanus,  whose  daughter,  Stirps 
Oceani,  &c.  infr.  .^thra,  was 
married  to  Atlas. 

169.  Nondum  stabat.  In  allu- 
sion to  his  having  been  changed 
into  a  mountain  ;  see  Fast.  ii.  N. 
372. 

172.  Nymphas.   The  Hyades. 

178.  Libycce  ferce.  According 
to  some,  Hyas  died  in  conse- 
quence of  a  sting  from  an  adder. 

182.  Ilia.  sc.  pietas. 

183.  3Iater  florum.  Flora; 
i^a«^  iv.  911.  Ludis  jocosis.  The 
games  in  honour  of  this  deity 
were  checked  at  last  from  their 
extreme  depravity. 

186.  Alter  te  fugiens,  §-c.  The 
one,  April,  engages  you  at  its 
close,  fugiens,  the  other,  May,  at 


its  approach,  cum  venit.  The  Flo- 
ralia  began  April  28th,  and  end- 
ed May  3d  ;  they  were  instituted 
about  the  age  of  Romulus,  but 
Flora  had  been  worshipped  by 
the  Sabines  long  before  the  build- 
ing of  Rome,  and  likewise  among 
the  Phoceans  previous  to  the 
same  period.  Tatius  was  the  first 
who  built  a  temple  to  her  at 
Rome.  According  to  Lactantius, 
i.  c.  20,  Flora  was  a  celebrated 
courtezan  who  left  the  Roman 
people  heir  to  her  unbounded 
wealth,  on  condition  that  her 
birth-day  should  continue  to  be 
celebrated  by  a  festival  to  be 
called  Floralia,  or  Ludi  Florales; 
the  senate,  however,  became 
ashamed  of  the  character  to 
which  they  were  thus  bound  to 
acknowledge  their  obligations, 
and  taking  the  hint  from  her 
name,  they  appointed  a  deity  by 
the  same   title,  who   was  to    be 


SEXT.  NON.  MAI. 


245 


Cum  tua  sint,  cedantque  tibi  confinia  mensuni ; 

Convenit  in  laudes  ille  vel  ille  tuas. 
Circus  in  hunc  exit,  clamataque  palma  theatris  : 

Hoc  quoque  cum  Circi  munere  carmen  eat. 
Ipsa  doce  quae  sis  :  hominum  sententia  fallax. 

Optima  tu  proprii  nominis  auctor  eris. 
Sic  ego,  sic  nostris  respondit  Diva  rogatis ; 

Dum  loquitur,  vernas  efflat  ab  ore  rosas. 
Chloris  eram,  quae  Flora  vocor.     Corrupta  Latino 

Nominis  est  nostri  littera  Graeca  sono. 
Chloris  eram,  Nymphe  campi  felicis,  ubi  audis 


190 


195 


worshipped  as  the  goddess  of 
gardens  and  flowers.  This  festi- 
val was  not  much  attended  to 
until  u.  c.  580. 

187.  Confinia  mensum.  The 
end  of  one  month  and  the  be- 
ginning of  the  other;  so  that 
either  of  the  two,  ille  vel  ille,  is 
equally  suitable  for  the  poet's 
purpose,  the  praise  of  the  god- 
dess,   Convenit  in  laudes,  &c. 

189.  Circus.  That  in  which 
the  festival  of  Flora  was  cele- 
brated was  in  the  sixth  quartier 
of  the  city  ;  it  is  used  in  the  text 
for  the  festival  itself;  in  hunc 
exit,  ends  in  this  month,  May. 
Clamataque.  sc.  celebrata  ;  so 
StHtius,  Theb.  vi.  557,  '  Et  bis 
in  Isthmiaca  victor  clamatus  arena 
Phaedimus.' 

190.  Munere.  This  term  is 
applied  to  shows,  spectacles,  and 
public  sights  or  entertainments, 
exhibited  by  the  magistrates  at 
Rome,  chiefly  by  the  ^diles ; 
they  were  sometimes  exhibited 
by  private  persons,  who,  during 
the  days  of  their  celebration, 
were  invested  with  the  insignia 
of  magistracy ;  such  were  called 
munerar a  or  muneratores,  editor es; 
'  Munera  nunc  edunt — '  Juvenal. 
and  domini.  These  shows,  &c. 
were  called  munera,  '  quia  tan- 
quam  dona  dabantur  populo  in 
remunerationem  accept!  ab  eo 
honoris.'  Furcel. 


194.  Vernas  efflat  ab  ore  rosas. 
'  Flushed  by  the  Spirit  of  the  genial  year. 
Her  lips  blush  deeper  sweets,  she  breathes 

of  youth.' 

Thomson. 

195.  Chloris.  Gr.  XXw^/j  from 
^Xa/oos,  viridis,  th.  x^'"  herba ; 
whence  Flora,  by  changing  the 
Greek  X,  ch,  into  *,  ph,  or  F,  a 
form  observable  in  other  Latin 
words  of  Greek  origin,  Fundo. 
Futilis,  &c.  ;  it  has  been  noticed 
in  other  lantruages  also  by  Wach- 
ter  ;  "  The  English  quiver  s'prung 
from  the  German  hocher,  ch.  being 
changed  into/;  or  (which  has  the 
same  power)  into  v."  Again  ; 
"  Liflen,  to  lift,  from  Be]g.  lichten, 
ch.  is   often  changed  into  Jl" — 

Valpy's  Lat.  Etym.  Die.  in  voc. 
]  97.  Nymphe  campi  felicis.  Flora 
was  a  field  nymph  before  she  be- 
came the  goddess  of  gardens ; 
her  occupations  were  not  much 
changed  by  her  appointment  to 
the  latter  province,  the  gardens 
of  the  Romans  in  the  Augustan 
age  having  owed  but  little  to  art 
or  cultivation.  In  the  time  of  the 
younger  Pliny  more  care  and  at- 
tention was  bestowed  upon  them, 
and  the  garden  beds  were  dressed 
and  bordered  with  cut  box ;  it 
was  about  this  period  also  that 
the  fountain  of  Egeria  underwent 
the  change  of  which  Juvenal 
complains,  Sat.  3,  20.  Spence 
supposes  the  garden  of  Flora  to 


246 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  V. 


Rem  fortunatis  ante  fuisse  viris. 
Quae  fuerit  mihi  forma,  grave  est  narrare  modestae ; 

Sed  generum  matri  repperit  ilia  deum.  200 

Ver  erat :  errabam  ;  Zephyrus  conspexit ;  abibam. 

Insequitur  ;  f  ugio  :  fortior  ille  fViit. 
Et  dederat  fratri  Boreas  jus  omne  rapinae, 

Ausus  Erechthea  praemia  ferre  domo. 
Vim  tamen  emendat  dando  mihi  nomina  nuptse  :  205 

Inque  meo  non  est  ulla  querela  toro. 
Vere  truer  semper  ;  vere  est  nitidissimus  annus. 

Arbor  habet  frondes,  pabula  semper  humus. 
Est  mihi  fecundus  dotalibus  hortus  in  agris. 

Aura  fovet ;  liquidae  fonte  rigatur  aquae.  210 

Hunc  meus  implevit  generoso  flore  maritus: 

Atque  ait,  Arbitrium  tu,  dea,  floris  habe. 
Saepe  ego  digestos  volui  numerare  colores  ; 

Nee  potui.     Numero  copia  major  erat. 
Roscida  cum  primum  foliis  excussa  pruina  est,  215 

Et  variae  radiis  intepuere  comae  ; 
Conveniunt  pictis  incinctae  vestibus  Horae, 


have  been  the  paradise  of  the 
Roman  mythology  ;  the  Romans 
probably  derived  their  notions  of 
it  from  the  Greeks,  who  appear 
to  have  embodied  their  concep- 
tions of  it  in  the  garden  of  Alci- 
nous.  It  would  appear  to  have 
been  shadowed  out  in  the  Hes- 
perides  of  the  Africans,  whose 
site  is  accurately  described  by 
Pliny,  xix.  4,  '  In  Mauritania 
Lixi  oppidi  asstuario :  ubi  Hespe- 
ridum  horti  fuisse  produutur : 
200  passuum  ab  oceano ;  juxta 
delubrum  Herculis,  antiquius  Ga- 
ditano  ut  ferunt.'  In  tiie  east 
tbev  had  the  gardens  of  Adonis, 
to  which  also  Pliny  alludes ; 
'  Antiquitas  nihil  prius  mirata 
est,  quam  Hesperidum  hortos,  ac 
regum  Adonis  et  Alcinoi,'  ibid. 
The  term  Horti  Adonides  was 
used  by  the  ancients  to  signify 
gardens  of  pleasure,  which  agrees 
exactly  with  the  import  of  para- 
dise, or  the  garden  of  Eden  ;  as 
Horti  Adonis  does  with  the  gar- 
den of  the  Lord.  Po/^meJJs.  251,n. 


203.  Fratri.     Zephyr. 

204.  Ausus  Erecthea.  Boreas 
having  carried  away  Orithyia, 
daughter  of  Erectheus  king  of 
Thrace. 

213.  Sape  ego,  ^-c. 
' —  The  living  herbs,  profusely  wild. 
O'er  all  the  deep  green  earth,  beyond  the 

power 
Of  botanist  to  number  up  their  tribes ; — 
With  such  a  liberal  hand  has  nature  flung 
Their  seeds  abroad,  blown  them  about  in 

winds, 
Innumerous  mixed  them  with  the  nurs- 
ing mould. 
The  moistening  current,  and  prolitic  rain. ' 
Thomson. 
215.  Pruina.    Hoar  frost,  from 
Gr.    voai'ivri,   matutina ;  '  Matuti- 
nseve  prunise.'     Ovid. 

217.  Hora.  See  Fast.  i.  N.  125. 
The  Hours  were  represented  as 
clothed  in  embroidered  robes, 
whence  pictis  incincta  vestibus, 
&c.  Some  copies  read  pictis  Jio- 
ribus,  as  Alcrous  calls  the  Hours 
ff'7i(pcc-jyi(po^oi  and  Pindar,  rroXuiiv- 
(ifioi,  but  these  epithets  may  al- 
lude to  the  flowers  interwoven  in 


SEXT.  NON.  MAI. 


247 


Inque  leves  calathos  munera  nostra  legunt. 
Protinus  arripiunt  Charites  ;  nectuntque  coronas, 

Sertaque,  coelestes  implicitura  comas,  220 

Prima  per  immensas  sparsi  nova  semina  gentes. 

Unius  tellus  ante  coloris  erat. 
Prima  Therapnseo  feci  de  sanguine  florem  : 

Et  manet  in  folio  scripta  querela  suo. 
Tu  quoque  nomen  habes  cultos,  Narcisse,  per  hortos :  225 

Infelix,  quod  non  alter  et  alter  eras ! 
Quid  Crocon,  aut  Attin  referam,  Cinyraque  creatum  ; 


their  garments ;  whence  Orpheus, 

avaKTos,    Etiv»j«/»   tj,   Aikti    ri,   Kal 
'Eionvn  toXuoa/S»»,   XlfrXavs   ivvv/iivai 

218.  Munera.     Flowers,  &c. 

219.  Charites.  The  Graces 
were  three  in  number,  Aglaia, 
Thalia,  and  Euphrosyne ;  they 
were  the  daughters  of  Jupiter 
and  Eurynome,  or  of  Bacciius 
and  Venus.  They  were  repre- 
sented naked,  and  twined  in  each 
other's  arms  ;  whence  Horace  , 
•  Segnesque  nodum  solvere  Gra- 
tis ;'  and  Seneca,  (who  discusses 
their  characters  and  provinces  at 
length,  de  Benif.  i.  3)  '  llle  con- 
sertis  mauibus  in  se  redeuntium 
chorus.'  Eteocles  was  the  first, 
(in  the  opinion  of  his  country- 
men, who  assigned  them  their 
number,  three)  who  sacrificed  to 
the  Graces  ;  the  Lacedemonians 
reckoned  only  two,  Clita  and 
Phoena.  In  the  remote  periods  of 
antiquity  they  were  represented 
as  clothed.  Pausanias  could  not 
discover  by  whom  they  were  first 
e.xhibited  naked.  Dymock's  Bib- 
liolh.  Class.  For  arripiunt,  some 
copies  read  accedunt,  others,  ac- 
cipiunt. 

221.  Prima  per  immensas,  S^'C. 
'  Oft  let  me  wander  o'er  the  dewy  fields — 
And  see  tlie  country,  far  dift'us'd  around, 
One  boundless  blush,  one  white  empur- 
pled flower 
Of  mingled  blossoms ;  where  the  raptured 
eye 


Hurries  from  joy  to  joy,  and  hid  beneath 
The  fair  profusion,  yellow  Autumn  lies.' 
Thotnson. 

223.  TherapncEO  sanguine.  In 
allusion  to  Hyaciuthus  ;  see  Fast. 
iv.  413  ;  who  was  born  at  Amy- 
clae,  a  town  founded  by  his  father 
Amyclas,  in  the  vicinity  of  The- 
rapnas  in  Laconia.  According  to 
Apollodorus,  he  was  the  son  of 
Venus  and  Adonis.  In  remem- 
brance of  his  untimely  death,  the 
Spartans  celebrated  a  yearly  fes- 
tival, Hyacinthia  annua  sacra,  in 
spring,  or  as  some  say,  in  sum- 
mer.    Ovid.  Metam.  x.  19. 

225.  JSarcisse.  Son  of  the  river 
Cephisus  and  the  nymph  Ly- 
riope  ;  while  quenching  his  thirst 
at  a  fountain  he  became  enamour- 
ed of  his  own  reflection  in  the 
water,  and  gradually  pined  away 
under  the  influence  of  his  una- 
vailing passion,  until  he  was 
changed  into  a  flower  which  bore 
his  name.  Pliny  derives  it  from 
va^xr,,  torpor,  because  its  scent 
induces  sleep  ;  xxi.  5  ;  and  v.  9. 

226.  Alter  et  alter.  One  of  two, 
and  different  or  distinct  from  the 
other ;  the  poet  means  to  say  that 
Narcissus  was  unfortunate  in  his 
shadow  not  having  a  separate  ex- 
istence   and   independent    of   his 

own.         Alter,    qu.    «XXaj    'iri^o;. 

Fest.  or  alius  eorum.  Ihre. 

227.  Crocon.  A  youth  ena- 
moured of  the  nymph  Smilax; 
he  was  changed  into  a  flower  of 


248  FASTORUAI,  LIB.  V, 

De  quorum  per  me  vulnere  surgit  honor  ? 
Mars  quoque,  si  nescis,  per  nostras  editus  artes. 

Jupiter  hoc  ut  adhuc  nesciat,  usque  precor.  230 

Sancta  Jovem  Juno,  nata  sine  matre  Minerva, 

Officio  doluit  non  eguisse  suo. 
Ibat,  ut  Oceano  quereretur  facta  mariti  ; 

Restitit  ad  nostras  fessa  labore  fores. 
Quam  simul  adspexi ;  Quid  te,  Saturnia,  dixit,  2.35 

Attulit  ?  exponit,  quem  petat,  ilia  locum. 
Addidit  et  causam.     Verbis  solabar  aniicis 

Non,  inquit,  verbis  cura  levanda  mea  est. 
Si  pater  est  factus  neglecto  conjugis  usu 

Jupiter,  et  nomen  solus  utrumque  tenet ;  240 

Cur  ego  desperem  fieri  sine  conjuge  mater  : 

Et  parere  intacto,  dummodo  casta,  viro  ? 
Omnia  tentabo  latis  medicamina  terris  ; 

Et  freta,  Tartareos  excutiamque  sinus. 
Vox  erat  in  cursu  :  vultum  dubitantis  habebam.  24.5 

Nescio  quid,  Nymphe,  posse  videris,   ait. 
Ter  volui  promittere  opem,  ter  lingua  retenta  est : 

Ira  Jovis  magni  causa  timoris  erat. 
Per,  precor,  auxilium,  dixit ;  celabitur  auctor  : 

Et  Stygiae  numen  testificatur  aqua?.  250 


the  same  name,  and  Smilax  into  him  after  he  had  been  killed  by  a 

a  yew-tree.    Ovid.  Met.  iv.  283.  wild  boar,  into  an  anemone. 
Attin.    A    younor    Phrygian    with  229.  Mars  quoque,  S'c,  Fast.  ii. 

whom  Cybele  fell  passionately  in  N.  743  ;   the  poet  proceeds  to  ac- 

love  ;     she   prevailed    on   him    to  count  for  the  birth  of  Mars, 
swear  that  he  would  continue  al-         230.  Ut  adhuc  nesciat.    Lest  his 

ways  chaste,  but  having'  violated  indignation  should  be  provoked, 
his  vow  with  the  nymph  Sagari-         "231.  Sine  matre.  Having  sprung- 

tis,   the  goddess  struck  him  with  from  the  head  of  Jove, 
madness,  and  he  inflicted  a  wound         240.    Zftnayiqtie.    Of  either  pa- 

upon    himself,    from     which    the  rent. 

blood  that  fell   was  changed  into         244.    Tartareos  sinus.     •  Fiec- 

a  violet.      He   was  changed   into  tere  si  nequeo  superos  Acheronta 

a  pine  tree.      Cinyraque  creatum.  movebo.'  Viry.  u'Eneid,\\\.ii\'2. 
Adonis,  son  of  Cinyras  king    of         245.  Vox  erat  in  cursu,  i.e.  She 

Cyprus,  by  his  daughter  Myrrha.  was  in  the  midst  of  her  speech; 

Some  say  that  he  was  the  son  of  <  in  cursu  ipso  orationis ;'    Cic.  ,- 

Thoas,  king  of  Assyria  and  iWyr-  when  Flora  evinced  by  her  looks 

rha ;   Hesiod  makes  him  the  son  the    possibility    of    her    assisting 

of  Phcenix  and  Alphesiboca.     He  Juno's  design,  while  she  hesitated 

was  singularly  beautiful,  and  be-  to  promise  through  her  apprehen- 

loved   by    Venus,   who   changed  sion  of  Jupiter's  anger. 


SEXT.  NON.  MAI. 


249 


Quod  petis,  Oleniis,  inquam,  mihi  missus  ab  arvis 

Flos  dabit.     Est  hortis  unicus  ille  meis. 
Qui  dabat,  Hoc,  dixit,  sterilem  quoque  tange  juvencam  ; 

Mater  erit.     Tetigi ;  nee  mora,  mater  erat. 
Protinus  hserentem  decerpsi  poUice  florem.  255 

Tangitur  :  et  tacto  concipit  ilia  sinu. 
Jamque  gravis  Thracen,  et  laeva  Propontidos  intrat : 

Fitque  potens  voti ;  Marsque  creatus  erat. 
Qui  memor  accepti  per  me  natalis,  Habeto 

Tu  quoque  Romulea,  dixit,  in  Urbe  locum. 
Forsitan  in  teneris  tantum  mea  regna  coronis 

Esse  putes.     Tangunt  numen  et  arva  meum. 
Si  bene  floruerint  segetes ;  erit  area  dives. 

Si  bene  floruerit  vinea  ;  Bacchus  erit. 
Si  bene  floruerint  ole^e,  nitidissimus  annus; 

Pomaque  proventum  temporis  hujus  habent. 
Flore  semel  lasso  pereunt  viciaeque  fabaeque  : 

Et  pereunt  lentes,  advena  Nile,  tuae. 


260 


265 


251.  Quod  petis,  Sfc.  '  The 
aid  which  you  require  a  flower 
shall  afford,  sent  to  me  from  the 
Olenian  field ;'  so  called  from 
Olenus  in  Achaia. 

257.  Thracen.  So  called  from 
Thrax  a  son  of  Mars,  or  from 
•roa;t;«j,  asper,  from  the  character 
of  its  inhabitants,  who  are  thus 
described  by  Pomponius  IVIela, 
ii.  c.  2, — '  feros  homines,  aspero 
cultu  et  indecenti :  ceterum  fe- 
roces,  immitesque  et  ad  bella  pro- 
clives.  Quare  poetse  inter  eos  ha- 
bitare  Martem,  et  ab  iis  prsecipue 
coli  dicunt ;'  it  is  now  called 
Romania.  Propontidos.  Now  the 
sea  of  Marmora  ;  it  was  so  called 
from  its  being  the  entrance,  ^rgo, 
ante,  to  the  Pontus  Euxinus  ;  it 
formed  part  of  the  eastern  boun- 
dary of  Thrace,  whence  lava 
Propont,  &c. 

261.  Forsitan  in  teneris,  ^'c. 
Flora  asserts  that  her  influence 
is  not  confined  to  the  produce  of 
the  garden,  or  coronary  flowers  ; 
she  claims  a  wider  field  for  her 
dominion  and  agency. 


265.  Si  bene  floruerint  olece, 
^c.  Compare  Virg.  Georg.  i.  187. 
Nitidissimus.  Nitidi  dicuntur  un- 
guentis  delibuti ;  unguenta  enim 
nitent.  Hinc  nitidus  annus  apud, 
Ovid,  qui  oleo  abundat ;  Forcel. 
in  voc. 

268.  Lentes.  Lens.-tis.  f.  Len- 
tils, a  species  of  pulse,  '  Nee 
Pelusiacae  curam  aspernabere  len- 
tis,"  Virg.  Georg.  i.  228;  that 
which  grew  in  Pelusium,  a  town 
of  Egypt,  which  gave  name  to 
one  of  the  seven  mouths  of  the 
Nile,  was  considered  of  the  best 
description.  Advena.  The  Nile 
was  so  called  because  its  source 
was  in  .35thiopa,  which  Philos- 
tratus  said  was  possessed  of  its 
springs,  as  Egypt  was  of  its 
mouths.  The  Nile  runs  in  a 
straight  course  from  Ethiopia, 
northward  to  the  place  named 
Delta ;  or  according  to  Hero- 
dotus, to  Cercasorum,  a  town  si- 
tuated at  the  point  or  vortex  of 
the  Delta;  as  Plato  calls  it; 
where  the  river  divides  itself  into 
two  channels;  the  right,  or  east, 


250 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  V. 


Vina  quoque  in  magnis  operose  condita  cellis 

Florent :  et  nebulae  dolia  summa  tegunt.  270 

Mella  meum  munus.    Volucres  ego  mella  daturas 

Ad  violam,  et  cytisos,  et  thyma  cana  voco. 
Nos  quoque  idem  facimus  tunc  cum  juvenilibus  annis 

Luxuriant  animi,  corporaque  ipsa  virent. 
Talia  dicentem  tacitus  mirabar.    At  ilia,  275 

Jus  tibi  discendi,  si  qua  requiris,  ait. 
Die,  Dea,  ludorum,  respond!,  quae  sit  origo. 

Vix  bene  desieram ;  rettulit  ilia  mihi. 
Caetera  luxuriae  nondum  instrumenta  vigebant : 

Aut  pecus,  aut  latam  dives  habebat  humum.  280 

Hinc  etiam  locuples,  hinc  ipsa  pecunia  dicta  est. 

Sed  jam  de  vetito  quisque  parabat  opes. 
Venerat  in  morem  populi  depascere  saltus : 


which  leads  to  Pelusium,  and 
the  left,  or  west,  which  leads  to 
Canopus.  With  regard  to  the 
number  of  its  channels  and  its 
mouths,  authors  are  not  agreed  ; 
Aristotle  making  all  the  mouths, 
except  the  Canopic,  artificial, 
while  Herodotus  ascribes  five  out 
of  the  seven  to  nature. 

269.  Vina  florent.  In  allusion 
to  the  scum  on  the  surface  of 
new  wine;  Cato.  R.  R.  xiv.  21. 
'  Flos  vini  candidus  probatur ;' 
h.  e.  spuma  tenuis  vino  innatans  ; 
Forcel.  in  which  sense  nebula  is 
also  to  be  understood. 

271.  Volucres,     The  bees. 

272.  Cytisos.  From  various 
passages  in  the  Eclogues  of  Vir- 
gil, it  would  appear  that  this  plant 
was  grateful  to  both  bees  and 
goats.  It  is  generally  allowed  to 
be  the  Cytisus  Maranthse,  the 
wood  of  which  is  described  by 
Theophrastus  as  hard  and  thick, 
bearing  the  closest  resemblance 
to  ebony  ;  whence  the  Turks  use 
it  when  the  plant  has  grown  old, 
for  the  handles  of  their  sabres, 
and  the  monks  of  Patmos  for 
their  beads.  Thyma.  The  thyme 
of  the  ancients  is  essentially  dis- 
tinct  from    the    plant    which   is 


known  by  that  name  in  this 
country ;  the  former  abounded 
upon  the  mountains  of  Greece, 
which  were  celebrated  for  the 
exquisite  fragrance  and  flavour  of 
their  honey. 

273.  Idem  facimus.  sc.  flore- 
mus. 

279.  Catera,  Sfc.  Flora  pro- 
ceeds to  account  for  the  origin  of 
the  games  which  were  celebrated 
in  her  honour.  Instrumenta.  Ap- 
pliances ;  money,  &c. 

280.  Aut  pecus,  Sfc.  Property 
consisted  either  of  cattle  or  land; 
whence  locuples,  from  locus  taken 
in  the  sense  of  ager  and  plenus  ,- 
qu.  plenus  agrorum,  or  cui  pleni 
sunt  agri ,-  and  pecunia,  which  is 
derived  from  pecu,  the  first  coin 
at  Rome  having  been  stamped 
with  the  figure  of  cattle  ;  or  be- 
cause it  was  given  in  exchange  for 
cattle  as  the  chief  commodity,  or 
because  it  was  first  made  of  the 
hide  of  cattle ;  whence  Seneca  ; 
'  Qui  aureos  debet,  et  qui  corium 
forma  publica  percussum,  quale 
apud  Lacedsemonios  fuit,  quod 
usum  numerate /)ec«?n'ffi  pra3Stat.' 

282.  Sed  jam  de  vetito,  Sfc.  See 
Addenda. 

283.  Populi  saltus.  The  pascua. 


SEXT.  NON.  MAI. 


251 


Idque  diu  licuit,  pcenaque  nulla  fuit. 
Vindice  servabat  nullo  sua  publica  vulgus  :  285 

Jamque  in  privato  pascere  inertis  erat. 
Plebis  ad  aediles  delata  licentia  talis 

Publicios  :  animus  defuit  ante  viris. 
Rem  populus  recipit :  mulctam  subiere  nocentes. 

Vindicibus  laudi  publica  cura  fuit.  290 

Mulcta  data  est  ex  parte  mihi :  magnoque  favore 

Victores  ludos  instituere  novos. 
Parte  locant  clivum,  qui  tunc  erat  ardua  rupes. 

Utile  nunc  iter  est ;  Publiciumque  vocant. 
Annua  credideram  spectacula  facta  :  negavit :  295 


public  pastures  or  land  ;  every 
thing  from  which  the  public  re- 
venues were  raised  ;  so  Pliny, 
xviii.  3,  '  Etiam  nunc  in  Tabulis 
Censoriis  pascua  dicuntur  omnia, 
ex  quibus  populus  reditus  habet, 
quia  diu  hoc  solum  vectigal  fu- 
erat.'  Depascere.  To  consume  by 
feeding  upon,  to  depasture  ;  a 
trespass  upon  the  public  proper- 
ty countenanced  by  superior  in- 
terest and  favour,  which  by  long 
sufferance  had  become  an  estab- 
lished custom,  to  the  prejudice  of 
the  state. 

285.  Publica.  Many  copies 
read  pabula,  but  the  former  is 
preferable,  both  because  of  pri- 
vato in  the  line  following,  and 
loca  publica,  or  publica  simply, 
being  in  frequent  use  among  the 
writers  upon  the  property  and 
revenues  of  the  Romans. 

286.  In  privato.  The  privilege 
of  the  public  pastures  having 
been  withdrawn,  it  only  remained 
for  the  feeble  and  spiritless,  in- 
ertis erat,  &c.  to  confine  their 
cattle  to  their  own  private  and 
inadequate  estate. 

287.  JEcliles  Publicios.  Two 
brothers,  L.  M.  Publicii  Malleoli, 
./Ediles  of  the  people  ;  iufr.  291 
and  294. 

288.  Ante.  They  had  not  the 
courage  in  the  first  instance  to 


taice    up   the    subject    with    the 
promptness  it  deserved. 

291.  Mulcta  data  est,  Sfc.  With 
which  a  temple  was  built,  and 
games  instituted ;  so  Tacitus, 
Annul,  ii.  '  lisdem  temporibus 
(a.  u.  769)  Deum  sedes  vetustate 
aut  igni  abolitas,  coeptasque  ab 
Augusto  dedicavit ;  Libero,  Li- 
beraeque  et  Cereri,  juxta  Circum 
Maximum,  quas  A.  Postumius 
Dictator  voverat ;  eodemque  in 
loco  aedem  Florae,  ab  Lucio  et 
Marco  Publiciis  ^dilibus  con- 
stitutam,'  (a.u.5I3)  and  in  whose 
consulship  appears  from  Pater- 
culus ;  '  Torquato  Sempronioque 
Consulibus,  Brundisium  coloniis 
occupatum,  et  post  triennium 
Spoletium :  quo  anno  Floralium 
ludorum  factum  est  initiura.' 

292.  Victores.  sc.   .^diles. 

293.  Clivum.  sc.  Capitolinum. 
It  was  let  on  condition  that  it 
should  be  levelled  for  a  carriage- 
road. 

294.  Publiciumque.  Varro,  de 
L.  Z.  iv.  '  Clivus  Publicius,  ab 
.^dilibus  plebei  Publiciis,  qui 
eum  publice  aedificarunt.  Simili 
de  causa  Publicius  vicus  et  Cos- 
conius  vicus,  quod  ab  his  viris 
dicuntur  aedificati.' 

295.  Negavit.  For  sixty-six 
years  previous  to  the  time  at 
which  the  goddess  is  supposed  to 


252 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  V. 


Addidit  et  dictis  altera  verba  suis. 
Nos  quoque  tangit  honos  :  testis  gaudemus,  ct  aris  : 

Turbaque  ccelestes  anibitiosa  sumus. 
Saepe  deos  aliquis  peccando  fecit  iniquos  : 

Et  pro  delictis  hostia  blanda  tuit.  300 

Saepe  Jovem  vidi,  cum  jam  sua  mittere  vellet 

Fulmina,  ture  dato  sustinuisse  manum. 
At  si  negligimur,  magnis  injuria  pcenis 
"^     Solvitur  :  et  justum  praeterit  ira  modum. 
Respice  Thestiaden  ;  flammis  absentibus  arsit.  305 

Causa  est,  quod  Phoebes  ara  sine  igne  fuit. 
Respice  Tantaliden  ;  eadem  dea  vela  tenebat. 

Virgo  est,  et  spretos  bis  tamen  ulta  focos. 
Hippolyte  infelix,  velles  coluisse  Dionen, 

Cum  consternatis  diripereris  equis.  310 

Longa  referi'e  mora  est  correcta  oblivia  damnis. 

Me  quoque  Romani  praeteriere  Patres. 
Quid  facerem  ?  per  quod  fierem  manifesta  doloris  ? 


have  spoken,  her  festival  bad 
not  been  celebrated ;  the  poet 
describes  how  this  neglect  was 
visited  upon  her  careless  wor- 
shippei's. 

305.  Thestiaden.  Meleager, 
grandson  of  Thestius,  by  his 
mother's  side,  son  of  CEneus  and 
Althaea  :  at  his  birth,  the  Parcse 
informed  his  mother  that  he  would 
live  until  the  piece  of  wood  then 
burning  on  the  fire  was  consumed; 
upon  which  she  removed  the  fag- 
got, and  preserved  it  with  the 
utmost  care.  Meleager  having 
killed  the  wild  boar  at  the  hunt 
of  Calydon,  Horn.  Iliad,  ix.  gave 
its  skin  to  Atalanta,  who  had 
first  wounded  it,  and  of  which  his 
maternal  uncles  having  attempted 
to  deprive  her,  were  slain  by  Me- 
leager. Althsea  having  been  in- 
formed of  her  brother's  death, 
threw  into  the  fire  the  piece  of 
wood  upon  which  her  son's  life 
depended,  and  he  expired  imme- 
diately on  its  being  destroyed; 
whence  flammis   absentibus,   &c. 


She  afterwards  killed  herself 
through  grief;  Ovid.  Metam.  viii. 
446  et  seq. 

306.  Quud  Phoebes  ara,  §-c. 
See  Homer,  Iliad,  ix. 

307.  Tantaliden.  Agamemnon, 
the  great  grandson  of  Tantalus. 
Vela  tenebat.    See  Fast.  i.  N.  387. 

308.  Virgo  est  et  spretos,  Sfc. 
With  all  the  gentleness  of  a 
maiden,  she  still  had  the  spirit 
to  avenge  the  insults  oifered  to 
her  dignity. 

309.  Hippolyte.  Proverbial  for 
his  contempt  of  Venus  and  her 
worshippers;  Eurip.  Hipp.  102, 
Tlpiffti/^iv  aurm  ayvo;  an  a.ff'Tdi.Cjai/.a.t  ; 
and,  113;  T'/jv  o-jjv  oi  Y^-vit^it  ^oXX' 
lyui  ;(;a/j£iv  Xkyia  ;  see  Fast.  iii.  N. 
263. 

313.  Fierem  manifesta  doloris. 
'  By  what  means  could  I  shew 
symptoms  of  my  displeasure ;' 
the  genitive  is  highly  emphatic  in 
its  dependance  on  manifesta ;  so 
Sallust,  in  Jug.  39,  '  Manifestus 
sceleris;'  and  in  Catil.  56,  extr. 
'  Manifesti  rerum  capitalium.' 


SEXT.   NON.  MAI.  253 

Exigerem  nostrae  qualia  damna  notae  ? 
Excidit  officium  tristi  mihi.     Nulla  tuebar  315 

Rura :  nee  in  pretio  f'ertilis  hortus  erat. 
Lilia  deciderant :  violas  arere  videres, 

Filaque  punieei  languida  facta  croei. 
Saepe  mihi  Zephyrus,  Dotes  corrumpere  noli 

Ipsa  tuas,  dixit :  dos  mihi  vilis  erat.  320 

Florebant  oleae  ;  venti  nocuere  protervi. 

Florebant  segetes  ;  grandine  isesa  Ceres. 
In  spe  vitis  erat ;  coelum  nigrescit  ab  Austris, 

Et  subita  frondes  decutiuntur  aqua. 
Nee  volui  fieri,  nee  sum  crudelis  in  ira :  325 

Cura  repellendi  sed  mihi  nulla  fuit. 
Convenere  Patres  :  et,  si  bene  floreat  annus, 

Numinibus  nostris  annua  festa  vovent. 
Annuimus  voto.     Consul  cum  consule  ludos 

Postumio  Laenas  persoluere  mihi.  330 

Quaerere  conabar,  quare  lascivia  major 

His  foret  in  ludis,  liberiorque  jocus  : 
Sed  mihi  succurrit,  numen  non  esse  severum, 

Aptaque  deliciis  munera  ferre  deam. 
Tempora  sutilibus  cinguntur  tota  coronis  ;  335 

Et  latet  injecta  splendida  mensa  rosa. 
Ebrius  incinctis  philyra  conviva  capillis 

Saltat,  et  imprudens  utitur  arte  meri. 
Ebrius  ad  durum  formosae  limen  amicae 

Cantat ;  habent  unctae  mollia  serta  comae.  340 

Nulla  coronata  peraguntur  seria  fronte  ; 

Nee  liquidae  vinctis  flore  bibuntur  aquae. 
Donee  eras  mistus  nuUis,  Acheloe,  racemis; 

314.  Nota.  Disgrace ;  Senec.  consulship  of  L.  Posthumius 
in  Here.  Fur.  634,  '  Hanc  ferat  Albinus  and  M.  Popilius  Laenas. 
virtus  notam.'  335.    Sutilibus   coronis.     '  Ex 

315.  Excidit  officium,  ^-c.  In-  rosarum  foliis  consutis  factae^' 
dignant  at  her  ill-treatment,  Flora  Forcel. ;  called  by  Hesychius, 
ceased  t©  exeixise  her  cherish-  f,a.u/u,aTa  dv^iva,  from  px^^rrru,  con- 
ing care  over  that  portion  of  na-  suo.  For  tota  Heinsius  proposes 
ture,  assigned  as  her  dower  by  pota,  i.  e.  potu  madida. 
Zephyrus,  and  which  was  in-  337.  Philyra.  The  inner  bark 
debted  to  her  constant  protection  of  the  linden. 

for  its  bloom  and  beauty  ;  the  re-         338.  Arte  meri.     Such  skill  as 
suits  are  detailed  in  the  text.  drunkenness  could  teach. 

327.  Convenere  Patres.  The  343.  Acheloe.  Upon  the  hanks 
annual  celebration  of  the  Flora-  of  this  .^tolian  river,  the  vine  is 
lia  commenced  u.  c.  .580,   in  the     said  to  have  been  planted  first. 

z 


234  FASTORUM,  LIB.  V. 

Gratia  sumendae  non  erat  uUa  rosae. 
Bacchus  amat  floras  :  Baccho  placuisse  coronam,  345 

Ex  Ariadnaeo  sidere  nosse  potes. 
Scena  levis  decet  hanc  ;  non  est,  mihi  credite,  non  est 

Ilia  cothurnatas  inter  habenda  deas. 
Nunc  monet  aetatis  specie,  duni  floreat,  uti : 

Contemni  spinam,  cum  cecidere  rosae.  350 

Cur  tamen,  ut  dantur  vestes  Cerealibus  albae, 

Sic  haec  est  cultu  versicolore  decens  ? 
An  quia  maturis  albescit  messis  aristis ; 

Et  color  et  species  floribus  omnis  inest  ? 
Annuit ;  et  motis  flores  cecidere  capillis,  355 

Accidere  in  mensas  ut  rosa  missa  solet. 
Lumina  restabant,  quorum  me  causa  latebat ; 

Cum  sic  errores  abstulit  ilia  meos. 
Vel  quia  purpureis  coUucent  floribus  agri ; 

Lumina  sunt  nostros  visa  decere  dies  :  360 

Vel  quia  nee  flos  est  hebeti,  nee  flamma,  colore, 

Atque  oculos  in  se  splendor  uterque  trahit : 
Vel  quia  deliciis  nocturna  licentia  nostris 

Convenit.    A  vero  tertia  causa  venit. 
Est  breve  praeterea,  de  quo  mihi  quaerere  restat,  365 

Si  liceat,  dixi.     Dixit  et  ilia,  Licet. 
Cur  tibi  pro  Libycis  claudantur  rete  leaenis 

Imbelles  capreas,  sollicitusque  lepus. 
Non  sibi,  respondit,  silvas  cessisse,  sed  hortos, 

Arvaque  pugnaci  non  adeunda  ferae.  370 

Omnia  hnierat :  tenues  secessit  in  auras. 

Mansit  odor  :  posses  scire  fuisse  deam. 
Floreat  ut  toto  carmen  Nasonis  in  aevo  ; 

Sparge,  precor,  donis  pectora  nostra  tuis. 

345.   Coronam,     See  Fast.  iii.  of  Flora,    the  garments  of  her 

N.  457  and  N.  509.  worshippers  were  variously  dyed, 

348.    Cotliurnatas  Deas.    i.  e.  to  resemble  the  flowers  over  which 

graviores,  severioresque,    Force!,  that  deity  presided, 
n.ajestic    or    tragic    deities ;    so         356.  In  mensas.   The  tables  of 

called  because  cotlnirnus  was  the  the   ancients   were  decorated  at 

buskin  or  shoe   worn   by  trage-  their  banquets  with   a  profusion 

dians.     Servius  ascribes  its  intro-  of  flowers,  principally  roses, 
duction  on  the  stage  to  Sopho-         357.  Lumina.     The  poet  pro- 

cles,  others  to  iEschylus.  ceeds  to  inquire  why  torches  were 

351.   Ciir  tavien,  ffc.    As  white  used  at  the  Floralia. 
robes  were  worn  at  the  Cerealia,         367.  Claudantur  rete.  In  order 

ia  imitation  of  the  colour  of  the  that  they  might  be  let  loose  and 

ripening  corn  :  so  at  the  festival  chased  in  the  Circus. 


QUINT.  NON.  MAI.  255 


QUINT.  NON.  MAI.    CENTAURUS   ORITUR. 

Nocte  minus  quarta  promet  sua  sidera  Chiron  375 

Semivir,  et  flavi  coipore  mistus  equi. 
Pelion  Haemoniae  mons  est  obversus  in  Austros  : 

Summa  virent  pinu  :  csetera  quercus  habet. 
Phillyrides  tenuit.     Saxo  stant  antra  vetusto, 

Quae  justum  memorant  incoluisse  senem.  380 

Ille  man  us,  olim  missuras  Hectora  leto, 

Creditur  in  lyricis  detinuisse  modis. 
Venerat  Alcides  exacta  parte  laborum  ; 

Jussaque  restabant  ultima  paene  viro. 
Stare  simul  casu  Trojae  duo  fata  videres :  385 

Hinc  puer  iEacides,  hinc  Jove  natus  erat. 
Excipit  hospitio  juvenem  Philyreius  heros, 

Et  causam  adventus  hie  rogat,  ille  docet. 
Perspicit  interea  clavam  spoliumque  leonis  : 

Virque,  ait,  his  armis,  armaque  digna  viro.  390 

Nee  se,  quin  horrens  auderent  tangere  setis 

Vellus,  Achillae  continuere  manus. 
Dumque  senex  traetat  squalentia  tela  venenis  ; 

Excidit,  et  laevo  fixa  sagitta  pede  est. 
Ingemuit  Chiron,  traxitque  e  corpore  ferrum  :  395 

Adgemit  Alcides,  Haemoniusqvie  puer. 
Ipse  tamen  lectas  Pagasaeis  collibus  herbas 
Temperat,  et  vai"ia  vulnera  mulcet  ope. 
Virus  edax  superabat  opem  :  penitusque  recepta 

375.  Nocte  minus  quarta.     On  382.  Lyricis  modis.   Chiron  in- 
the  third  night  from  the  Kalends,  structed  Achilles  in  the  lyre. 
V.  Non.    Mai.    the    constellation  385.     Stare    simul  casu,    ^c. 
Chiron  rises.     He  was  one  of  the  'You    might    perchance    behold 
most     distinguished    among   the  standing  together,    the    two    de- 
Centaurs,    whence     Semivir,    et  structive    destinies     of     Troy  ;' 
flavi,  &c.  son  of  Saturn  and  Phi-  Hercules,  who  subverted  it  in  the 
lyra,   and   celebrated  for  his  skill  reign  of  Laomedon,  Achilles,  in 
in   herbs  and  in   medicine.      His  that  of  Priam, 
daughter  Endeis  was  the  mother  387. Philifrelus heros.   Chiron; 
of   Peleus,   and   grandmother  of  supr.  y.  375,  a  med. 
Achilles,  whom,  as  also  iEscu-  393.   Venenis.     The  poison  of 
lapius,    Chiron    is  said    to    have  the    Lernsean    hydra,    in    which 
nursed.  Hercules  had  dipped  his  arrows ; 

377.    Pelion,    &fc.      The  poet  Ovid.  Metam.  ix.  130. 

describes    the   abode   of    Chiron.  397.   Pagasais.     Gathered  in 

HamonicE.   See  Fast.  ii.  N.  40.  Pagasae,  a  town  of  Thessaly. 


256  FASTORUM,  LIB.  V. 

Ossibus,  et  toto  corpore  pestis  erat.  400 

Sanguine  Centauri  Lernseae  sanguis  Echidnae 

Mistus  ad  auxilium  tempora  nulla  dabant. 
Stabat,  ut  ante  patrem,  lachrymis  perfusus  Achilles  : 

Sic  flendus  Peleus,  si  moreretur,  erat. 
Saepe  manus  aegras  manibus  fingebat  amicis  ;  405 

Morum,  quos  fecit,  praemia  doctor  habet. 
Oscula  saepe  dedit.    Dixit  quoque  saepe  jacenti : 

Vive,  precoi- :  nee  me,  care,  relinque,  pater. 
Nona  dies  aderat ;  cum  tu  justissime  Chiron, 

Bis  septem  stellis  corpora  cinctus  eras.  410 

TERT.  NON.  MAI.  LYRA  ORITUR. 

Hunc  lyra  curva  sequi  cuperet ;  sed  idonea  nondum 
Est  via.     Nox  aptum  tertia  tempus  erit. 

PRID.  NON.  MAL  SCORPIOS  MEDIUS  OCCIDIT. 

Scorpius  in  coelo,  cum  eras  lucescere  Nonas 
Dicimus,  a  media  parte  notandus  erit. 

SEPT.  ID.  MAL     LEMURIA. 

Hinc  ubi  protulerit  formosa  ter  Hesperus  era,  415 

Ter  dederint  Phcebo  sidera  victa  locum  ; 
Ritus  erit  veteris,  nocturna  Lemuria,  sacri ; 

Inferias  tacitas  Manibus  ilia  dabunt. 


401.  Echidna.  Gr.  5ra«a  to  twenty-four,  but  including  a  vic- 
'i;^tiv\v  luuT^TYiv  yoMYi^  cLy^Bi  favaTou;  tim  which  the  Centaur  is  sup- 
quod  continet  in  se  tetum  usque  posed  to  hold  in  his  arms, 
ad  mortem,  id  est  donee  pulli  412.  Nox  tertia.  On  the  in. 
nimiam  raoram  pertsesi,  eroso  Non.  Mai.  Lyra  rises  acroni- 
matris  utero  pareuteque  necata,  cally. 

erumpant ;    sic    vipera,     Latine,  413.  Cum  eras,  ^-c.  Prid.  Non. 

quia  vi  parit.  Forcel.  Mai.  half  the   Scorpion  sets  cos- 

406.  Morum,  quos,  §-c.    Hein-  mically ;    '  Pridie    Nonas    Maias 

sius    suspects   this    line    to    have  Nepa    medius   occidit,    Columell. 

been    interpolated,     the    genuine  where  Nepa  is  syuonvmous  with 

having  been  lost,  and  condemns  Scorpios. 

it  as  semi-barbarous.  415.  Hinc   ubi  protulerit,  Sfc. 

409.  Nona  dies  aderat.     After  On  the  vn.  Id.   Mai.  the  Lemu- 

nine  days  suffering  Chiron  died,  ria   began,    and    occupied    three 

and   was  raised  to  the  skies  as  a  days,  but  not  consecutively ;  see 

constellation,  consisting  of  four-  infr.  488.    The  origin  of  the  fes- 

teen    stars  j      Hyginus     reckons  tival  is  described  in  the  text. 


SEPT.  ID.  MAI. 


257 


Annus  erat  brevior  ;  nee  adhue  pia  februa  norant : 

Nee  tu  dux  mensum,  Jane  bifbrmis,  eras.  420 

Jam  tamen  extincto  cineri  sua  dona  ferebant ; 

Compositique  nepos  busta  piabat  avi. 
Mensis  erat  Maius,  majorum  nomine  dictus, 

Qui  partem  prisci  nunc  quoque  moris  habet. 
Nox  ubi  jam  media  est,  somnoque  silentia  praebet,  425 

Et  canis,  et  variae  conticuistis  aves ; 
Ille  meraor  veteris  ritus,  timidusque  deorum, 

Surgit :  liabent  gemini  vincula  nulla  pedes. 
Signaque  dat  digitis  medio  cum  pollice  junctis  ; 

Occurrat  tacito  ne  levis  umbra  sibi.  430 

Terque  manus  puras  fontana  perluit  unda 

Vertitur,  et  nigras  accipit  ore  iabas. 
Aversusque  jacit ;  sed  dum  jacit,  Hsec  ego  mitto  ; 

His,  inquit,  redimo  meque  meosque  fabis. 
Hoc  novies  dicit,  nee  respicit.     Umbra  putatur  435 

Colligere,  et  nullo  terga  vidente  sequi. 
Rursus  aquam  tangit,  Temesaeaque  concrepat  sera  : 


419.  Annus  erat  brevior.  See 
Fast.  i.  N.  28,  and  43.  Pia  Fe- 
brua. Fast.  ii.  N.  19. 

420.  Dux  mensum,  Jane.  Fust. 
i.  66. 

421.  Extincto  cineri.  Fast.  ii. 
415. 

423.  Majorum  nomine.  Supr.73. 

428.  Habent  gemini  vincula, 
Sfc.  Because  it  was  customary  to 
perform  the  magical  rites  witli 
bare  feet,  whence  Seneca's  Medea, 
'  Secreta  nudo  nemora  lustravi 
pede.' 

429.  Signaque  dat  digitis,  Sfc. 
This  is  to  be  understood  simply 
of  the  noise  made  by  snapping 
the  fingers  ;  the  thumb  and  mid- 
dle finger;   whence  medio  pollice. 

432.  Nigras  accipit  ore  fabas. 
See  Fast.  ii.  458.  '  P'abam  neque 
tangere  Diali  mos  est  neque  no- 
minare  :  quod  ea  putatur  ad  mor- 
tuos  pertinere.  Nam  et  Lemura- 
libus  jaciturlarvis,  et  parentalibus 
adhibetur  sacrificiis,  et  in  flore  ejus 
luctus  litteroe  apparere  videntur.' 
Fab.  Pictor.  apud  Gell.  x.  15. 

433.  Aversusque.  With  his  head 


turned  away;  ' — subjectam  more 
parentum  Aversi  tenuere  facem  :' 
Virg.  .^neid,  vi.  224. 

434.  Redimo  meque  meosque. 
Varr.  apud  Non.  c.  2.  N.  513. 
'  Quibus  temporibus  in  sacris  fa- 
bam  jactant  noctu,  et  dicunt,  se 
lemures  dome  extra  januam  eje- 
cere.' 

435.  Novies.  Probably  a  ma- 
gical number  ;  Metam.  xiii.  952. 
'  Et  purgate  nefas  novies  mihi 
carmine  dicto,'  and  Virg.  Georg. 
iv.  480,  ' —  novies  Styx  interfusa 
coercet.' 

437.  Aquam  tangit, if  c.  As  supr. 
431,  and  then  clashes  together 
the  Temesssan  cymbals ;  so  called 
from  Temesaor  Temsa,  an  inland 
town  of  Cyprus,  famous  for  its 
copper-works,  '  JEs  cum  de  fossili 
sere  sermo  est,  significat  quandam 
metalli  speciem  rubro  colore,  qute 
Anglice  dicitur,  copper  ;  cum 
vero  de  eere  loquimur  quod  in 
opere  aliquo  sit,  ut  in  vasis  sereis, 
in  statuis,  pecunia,  &c.  significat 
metallum  illud  quod  Angl.  dici- 
tur brass,  item  illud  quod  Angl, 
z  2 


258  FASTORUM,  LIB.  V. 

Et  rogat,  ut  tectis  exeat  umbra  suis. 
Cum  dixit  novies,  Manes  exite  paterni ; 

Respicit,  et  pure  sacra  peracta  putat.  440 

Dicta  sit  unde  dies,  quae  nominis  exstet  origo, 

Me  fugit.     Ex  aliquo  est  invenienda  deo. 
Pleiade  nate,  mone,  virga  venerande  potenti : 

Saepe  tibi  Stygii  regia  visa  Jovis. 
Venit  adoratus  Caducifer.  Accipe  causam  44.5 

Nominis  :  ex  ipso  cognita  causa  deo  est. 
Romulus  ut  tumulo  fraternas  condidit  umbras, 

Et  male  veloci  justa  soluta  Remo  ; 
Faustulus  infelix,  et  passis  Acca  capillis 

Spargebant  lachrymis  ossa  perusta  suis.  450 

Inde  domum  redeunt  sub  prima  crepuscula  mcesti ; 

Utque  erat,  in  duro  procubuere  toro. 
Umbra  cruenta  Remi  visa  est  assistere  lecto, 

Atque  haec  exiguo  murmure  verba  loqui ; 
En  ego  dimidium  vestri  parsque  altera  voti,  455 

Cernite,  sim  qualis  ;  qui  modo  qualis  eram  ! 
Qui  modo,  si  volucres  habuissem  regna  jubentes. 

In  populo  potui  maximus  esse  meo. 
Nunc  elapsa  rogi  flammis,  et  inanis  imago. 

Haec  est  ex  illo  forma  relicta  Remo.  460 

Heu  ubi  Mars  pater  est?  si  vos  modo  vera  locuti  ; 

Uberaque  expositis  ille  ferina  dedit. 
Quern  lupa  servavit,  manus  bunc  temeraria  civis 

Perdidit.     O  quanto  mitior  ilia  fuit ! 
Saeve  Celer,  crudelem  animam  per  vulnera  reddas  :       465 

Utque  ego,  sub  terras  sanguinolentus  eas. 


bronze,  quoniam  liasc  duo  metalla  452.    Utque  erat.  sc,  ut  fieri  so- 

non  fossilia  sed  factilia  sunt.  For-  lebat ,-  as  usual ;  a  frequent  accep- 

cel.  tatio;;  of  the  verb  sumo ;   Plaut. 

443.  Pleiade  nate.  Mercury.  Rud.  prol.  3,  '  Ita  sum' — such  is 
Virga.  The  Caduceus ;  Isidor.  viy  way ;  Forcel.  A  late  com- 
Orig.  viii.  11.  '  Virgam  tenet  qua  mentator,  whose  ingenious  incor- 
serpentes  dividit,  id  est,  venena.  rectness  does  not  depend  upon 
Nam  bellantes  interpi-etura  ora-  this  passage  only  for  proof,  ex- 
tione  sedantur ;  unde  et  secun-  plains  zitque  erat,  by  '  as  they 
dum  Livium  legati  pacis  caducea-  (each  of  them)  were  !' 

tores  dicuntur.'  455.  Dimidium  vestri,  SfC.   Be- 

444.  Scepe  tibi,  Sfc.  In  allusion  cause  he  had  shared  with  Romu- 
to  his  office  as  '^vxo'^o/^vo;-  lus  their  solicitude  and  affection. 

448.  Male  veloci.   Fast.  iii.  70.  462.   Expositis.   Fast.  iii.  52. 

449.  Faustulus,     Fast.  iii.  52,  463,   Civis.  Fast.iy.S]o, 
and  iv,  826. 


QUART.   ID.  MAI.  259 

Noluit  hoc  frater.     Pietas  aequalis  in  illo  est. 

Quod  potuit,  lachrymas  in  mea  fata  dedit. 
Hunc  vos  per  lachrymas,  per  vestra  alimenta  rogate, 

Ut  celebrem  festo  signet  honore  diem.  470 

Mandantem  amplecti  cupiunt,  et  brachia  tendunt 

Lubrica  prensantes  effugit  umbra  manus. 
Ut  secum  fugiens  somnos  abduxit  imago  ; 

Ad  regem  voces  fratris  uterque  fenmt. 
Romulus  obsequitur,  lucemque  Remuria  dixit  475 

Illam,  qua  positis  justa  feruntur  avis. 
Aspera  mutata  est  in  lenem  tempore  longo 

Littera,  quae  toto  nomine  prima  fuit. 
Mox  etiam  Lemures  animas  dixere  silentum. 

Is  verbi  sensus,  vis  ea  vocis  erat.  48(> 

Fana  tamen  veteres  illis  clausere  diebus  ; 

Ut  nunc  ferali  tempore  operta  vides. 
Nee  viduse  tsedis  eadem,  nee  virginis  apta 

Tempora.     Quae  nupsit,  non  diuturna  fuit. 
Hac  quoque  de  causa,   si  te  proverbia  tangunt,  485 

Mense  malas  Maio  nubere  vulgus  ait. 
Sed  tamen  haec  tria  sunt  sub  eodem  tempore  festa 

Inter  se  nullo  continuata  die. 

QUART.  ID.  MAI.   FESTUM  MARTIS  BISULTORIS. 

Sed  quid  et  Orion,  et  caetera  sidera  mundo 

Cedere  festinant,  noxque  coarctat  iter  ?  490 

467.    Noluit  hoc  frater.     Fast.         488.   Inter  se  nullo  continuata 

iv.  8-24.  die.     The   days   of  the   Lemuria 

472.    Lubrica   prensantes,    Sfc.  were   the   vii.  v.  and  iii.  of  the 

So  Virgil,  Mneid,  vi.  '  Ter  frus-  Ides;   May  9th,  11th,  and  l.3th. 
tra  coraprensa  manus  effugit  im-         489.    Sed  quid  et    Orion,   ifc 

ago,   Par  levibus  ventis,  volueri-  This  constelhition  sets  on  the  v. 

que  simillima  somno,'  and  Homer,  Id.    Mai.     Orion,     according   to 

Odyss.  xi.  205,  T^is  «i  i^oi  la  x,^i^-  Hesiod,  was  the  son  of  Neptune, 

Z'j  ffx.m  i'la-cXov,  n   xai    itiUta,  "E^r-  by  Euryale,    daughter  of  Minos  ; 

TXT.'  he  wasaceleorated  hunter,  and  a 

475.   Romulus  obsequitur,    ^c.  favorite  companion  of  Diana   in 

Fast.  iv.  828.  the    chase,    by    whom,    after    his 

477.  Aspera    Ulera.   a  having  death,  he  was  raised  to  the  ^tars. 
been    changed    into    L,    Remuria         490.     Coarctat.     Shortens,    or 

became  Lemuria.  compresses  ;  by  this,  as  by  Cedere 

482.  Ferali  tempore.  Fast.  ii.  festinant,  Sfc.  supr.   the  poet  de- 
N.  445  and  451.  signs  a  compliment  to  Augustus, 

483.  Vidua  tadis.  For  the  mar-     the  night  having,  as  it  were,  pass- 
riage  of  a  widow.  Cf.  i^«sMi.  439.     ed  more  rapidly  to  give  place  to 


260 


FASTORUM,   LIB.    V. 


Quid  solito  citius  liquido  jubar  aequore  toUit 

Candida,  Lucifero  praeveniente,  dies  ? 
Fallor  ?  an  arma  sonant  ?  non  flillimur :  arma  sonabant. 

Mars  venit ;  et  veniens  bellica  signa  dedit. 
Ultor  ad  ipse  suos  ccelo  descendit  honores,  495 

Templaque  in  Augusto  conspicienda  Foro. 
Et  deus  est  ingens,  et  opus.     Debebat  in  Urbe 

Non  aliter  nati  Mars  habitare  sui. 
Digna  Giganteis  haec  sunt  delubra  tropaeis  : 

Hinc  fera  Gradivum  beila  movere  decet :  500 

Seu  quis  ab  Eoo  nos  impius  orbe  lacesset ; 

Seu  quis  ab  occiduo  Sole  domandus  erit. 
Prospicit  Armipotens  operis  fastigia  sumini : 

Et  probat  invictos  summa  tenere  deos. 
Prospicit  in  foribus  diversae  tela  figurae,  505 

Armaque  terrarum  milite  victa  suo. 
Hinc  videt  ^Enean  oneratum  pondere  sacro  ; 

Et  tot  liileae  nobilitatis  avos. 


the  day  upon  which  the  emperor 
consecrated  the  temple  to  Mars 
Ultor,  in  the  Forum,  which  he 
had  huilt  himself,  Augusto  foro, 
infr.  496. 

491.  Liquido,  Vitreo.  Mazar. 
as  Horat.  '  vitreus  pontus.' 

492.  Lucifero.  The  morning 
star. 

496.  Augusto  foro.  There  was 
only  one  forum  under  the  repub- 
lic. Julius  Caisar  built  another, 
which  cost  H.  s.  millies,  i.  e. 
£807,291  13s.  4rf.  and  Augustus 
a  third ;  whence  triiia  fora,  tri- 
plex forum,  Suet.  Jul.  26.  Ovid. 
Trist.  iii.  12. 

499.  Giganteis  iropceis.  Won 
by  Mars  in  the  war  with  the 
sjiants ;  by  whom  the  poet  may 
intend  to  allude  to  the  defeated 
enemies  of  Augustus. 

oOO.  Hinc  fera  Gradivum,  SfC. 
'  JKdem  Marti,  bello  Philippensi 
pro  ultione  paterna  suscepto  vo- 
verat.  Sanxit  ergo  ut  da  bellis 
triumphisque  hie  consuleretur  se- 
natus :  provincias  cum  Imperio 
petituri,  hinc  deducerentur  :  qui- 


que  victores  redissent  hue  insig- 
nia triumphorum  inferrent.'  Suet, 
in  Aug.  29. 

503.  Operis  fastigia  summi.  The 
fastigium  of  the  Latins,  the  r^i- 
^cu^oy,  or  T^iyavov  of  the  Greeks, 
was  a  species  of  roof  peculiar  to 
the  temples  of  the  gods,  of  a  tri- 
angular form,  on  the  vertex  of 
which  stood  the  statue  of  the 
deity.  The  house  of  the  Caesars 
was  allowed  this  token  of  pre- 
eminence after  the  Romans  had 
begun  topay  them  divine  honours ; 
whence  Cicero,  Phil.  ii.  c.  43,  de 
Jul.  CcEs.  '  Quern  is  majorem  ho- 
norem  consecutus  erat,  quam  ut 
lial)eret  pulvinar,  simulacrum,  fas- 
tigium, flaminem  ?'  The  roofs  of 
the  temples  were  ornamented, 
Vitruv.  iii.  c.  2.  Liv.  xxvi.  23, with 
statues  of  clay,  brass,  or  stone  ; 
whence  invictos  summa  teneri: 
Deos,  supr. 

505.  DiverscE  telafigura.  See 
N.  500  supr.  sub.  fin. 

507.  Pondere  sacro.  Anchises ; 
see  Fast.  i.  477. 


QUART.  ID.  MAI. 


261 


Hinc  videt  Iliaden  humeris  ducis  arma  ferentem  : 

Claraque  dispositis  acta  subesse  viris.  510 

Spectat  et  Augusto  praetextum  nomine  templum, 

Et  visum,  lecto  Caesare,  majus  opus. 
Voverat  hoc  juvenis  tunc,  cum  pia  sustulit  arma  ; 

A  tantis  Princeps  incipiendus  erat. 
Ille  manus  tendens,  hinc  stanti  milite  justo,  515 

Hinc  conjuratis,  talia  dicta  dedit : 
Si  mihi  bellandi  patei'  est,  Vestaeque  sacerdos 

Auctor,  et  ulcisci  nomen  utrumque  paro  ; 
Mars,  ades,  et  satia  scelerato  sanguine  ferrum  : 

Stetque  favor  causa  pro  meliore  tuus.  520 

Templa  feres,  et,  me  victore,  vocaberis  Ultor. 

Voverat ;  et  fuso  laetus  ab  hoste  redit. 
Nee  satis  est  meruisse  semel  cognomina  Marti: 

Persequitur  Partha  signa  retenta  manu. 
Gens  fuit  et  campis,  et  equis,  et  tuta  sagittis,  525 


509.  Iliaden.  Romulus  bearing 
the  spolia  opima,  having  slaia 
Acron,  king  of  the  Ceninenses. 

510.  Subesse.  On  the  base  of 
the  statues  the  name  and  exploits 
of  those  whom  they  represented 
were  inscribed. 

511.  PrcBtextum.  Adorned; 
Fast.  iv.  919. 

512.  Lecto  CcEsare.  From  the 
perusal  of  Caesar's  name. 

513.  Cum  pia  sustulit  arma. 
To  avenge  his  father's  death ; 
Fast.  iii.  676,  et  seq. 

514.  A  tantis.  With  so  great 
omens  of  future  greatness.  Prin- 
ceps. When  Augustus  became 
the  head  of  the  government,  he 
avoided  those  titles  which  were 
associated  in  the  minds  of  the 
Romans  with  all  that  was  tyran- 
nical, and  assumed  that  of  Prin- 
ceps, to  which  no  such  idea  could 
be  attached,  from  their  having 
been  long  familiarized  to  the 
titles  of  Princeps  senatus,  and 
Princeps  juventutis. 

515.  Milite  justo.  The  army 
with  which  Augustus  was  to 
punish  the  murderers  of  Cajsar. 


516.  Conjuratis.  Brutus  and 
Cassias,  with  their  partizans. 

518.  Nomen  utrumqxie.  That 
of  Father,  and  Pontifex  Maxi- 
mus.  Some  copies  read  numen 
utrumque  as  referring  to  the  dei- 
fied Julius  and  Vesta. 

524.  Persequitur  Partha,  ^c. 
There  was  not  any  event  in  the 
life  of  Augustus  more  distin- 
guished, or  upon  which  he  prided 
himself  more,  than  his  having 
recovered,  without  bloodshed,  by 
the  mere  terror  of  his  name,  the 
military  standards,  spoils,  cap- 
tives, &c.  which  the  Parthians 
had  taken  from  the  Romans  under 
M.  Licin.  Crassus.  Hence  it  be- 
came a  favorite  theme  with  the 
poets ;  Horat.  Od.  iv.  4,  et  seq. 
'  Tua  Cscsar  a2tas  Fruges  et 
agris  retulit  uberes,  et  signa  nos- 
tio  restituit  Jovi,  Derepta  Par- 
thorum  superbis  postibus' —  ;  see 
also  Fast.  vi.  419.  Virg.  j^neid, 
vii.  606. 

525.  Gens  fuit  et  campis,  Sfc. 
Parthia  was  a  celebrated  country 
of  Asia ;  according  to  Justin,  lib. 
xli.  1,   the  Parthians  were   origi- 


262  FASTORUM,  LIB.  V. 

Et  circumfusis  invia  fluminibus. 
Addiderant  animos  Crassorum  funera  genti ; 

Cum  periit  miles,  signaque,  duxque  simul. 
Signa,  decus  belli,  Paribus  Komana  tenebat ; 

Romana^que  aquila?  signifer  bostis  erat.  530 

Isque  pudor  mansisset  adbuc,  nisi  fortibus  armis 

Ceesaris  Ausoniae  protegerentur  opes. 
lUe  notas  veteres,  et  longi  dedecus  aevi 

Sustulit.     Agnorunt  signa  recepta  suos. 
Quid  tibi  nunc  solitaj  mitti  post  terga  sagittae,  535 

Quid  loca,  quid  rapidi  profuit  usus  equi  ? 
Parthe,  refers  aquilas  :  victos  quoque  porrigis  arcus. 

Pignora  jam  nostri  nulla  pudoris  babes. 
Rite  deo  templumque  datum,  noraenque  bis  ulto  : 

Et  meritus  votis  debita  solvit  honos.  540 

Sollenni  ludos  Circo  celebrate,  Quirites  : 

Non  visa  est  fortem  scena  decere  deum. 

PRID.  ID.  MAI.    PLEIADES  ORIUNTUR. 

Pleiadas  adspicies  omnes,  totumque  sororum 
Agmen,  ubi  ante  Idus  nox  erit  una  super. 

Turn  mihi  non  dubiis  auctoribus  incipit  aestas  ;  545 

Et  tepidi  finem  tempora  veris  habent. 


nally  Scythian  exiles ;  others  sup-  years  having  elapsed  before  this 

pose  the  term   Parthi  to  signify  stain  upon  the  Roman  name  was 

horsemen.     They  fought  chiefly  removed  by  the  arms  of  Augus- 

on  horseback,  a  mode  of  battle  to  tus. 

which  the  nature  of  their  country         539.    Bis  ulto.     Whence   the 

was  favorable,  Dio.  Cass,  si.  they  title  Bisultor,  owing  to  the  double 

also  used   their  arrows,   even  in  success  of  Augustus,  at  Philippi 

flight,  with  considerable  dexter-  and  against  the  Parthians.    Some 

ity;  Virg.  Georg.  iii.  31, '  Parthus  copies  read  nomenque  Bisultor. 
fidens    fuga     versisque    sagittis.'         oA\.  Sollenni  Ludos  Circo,  ^c. 

Propert.  iii.  9,  54,  '  Parthorum  On  the  iv.    Id.  Mai.  the  annual 

astutae  tela  remissa  fugae.'  Horat.  celebration  of  the  games   in  the 

Od.  i.  19,  II,  '  Parthus  animosus  Circus,  in  honour  of  Mars,  took 

versis  equis.'  place  ;   they  consisted  of  chariot- 

526.  Circumfusis  fluminibus.  races,  &c.  theatrical  shows  having 
The  Tigris,   Euphrates,  &c.  been    considered   of   too    light   a 

527.  Crassorum  funera,  M.  character  for  the  occasion ;  hence 
Licinius  Crassus,  and  his  son  P.  Non  visa  est  fortem  scena,  &c.  infr. 
L.  Crassus,  both  fell  in  the  Par-  544.  Ubi  ante  Idus,  §-c.  On  the 
thian  war.  in.  Id.  Mai.  the  Pleiads  rise  heli- 

533.  Notas  veteres.  Thirty  two  acally. 


PRID.   ID.   MAI.  263 


TAURUS  ORITUR. 


Idibus  ora  prior  stellantia  tollere  Taurum 

Indicat:  huic  signo  fabula  nota  siibest. 
Praebuit,  ut  taurus,  Tyriae  sua  terga  puellae 

Jupiter,  et  falsa  cornua  fronte  tulit.  550 

Ilia  jubam  dextra,  laeva  retinebat  amictus  ; 

Et  timor  ipse  novi  causa  decoris  erat. 
Aura  sinus  implet :  flavos  movet  aura  capillos ; 

Sidoni,  sic  fueras  accipienda  Jovi. 
Saepe  puellares  subducit  ab  aequore  plantas,  555 

Et  metuit  tactus  assilientis  aquae  ; 
Sajpe  deus  prudens  tergum  demittit  in  undas, 

Hsereat  ut  collo  fortius  ilia  suo. 
Littoribus  tactis  stabat  sine  cornibus  uUis 

Jupiter  :  inque  deum  de  bove  versus  erat.  560 

Taurus  init  ccelum.     Te,  Sidoni,  Jupiter  implet. 

Parsque  tuum  terrae  tertia  nomen  habet. 
Hoc  alii  signum  Phariam  dixere  juvencam  ; 

Quae  bos  ex  homine  est,  ex  bove  facta  dea. 
Turn  quoque  priscorum  virgo  simulacra  virorum  565 

Mittere  roboreo  scirpea  ponte  solet. 


547.  Idihusora  prior,  Sfc.  Prid.  So  Horace,  Od.  iii,  27,  74,  '  Mitte 
Id.  Mai.  the  head  of  Taurus  rises  singultus;  bene  ferre  magnam 
cosniicall}'.  Prior,  sc.  dies.  Disce  fortunam  :  tua  sectus  orbis 

548.  Huic  siffno,  Sfc.  Fast.  iv.  Nomina  ducet.' 

691.  et  seq.  563.  Phariam  juvencam.  lo,  or 

549.  Ti/rice  puellce.  Europa,  Isis,  so  called  from  Pharos,  an 
daughter  of  Agenor  king  of  Phoe-  island  at  the  Canopic  mouth  of 
nicia.  the  Nile.  Fast.  iv.  691. 

551.  Jubam.  The  neck  of  the         565.      Virgo.      The     Vestalis 

bull ;  properly,  the  mane  of  any  Maxima,  who  was  attended  upon 

animal.    LcEva  retinebat  amictus.  this  occasion  by  her  sister  Vestals 

See  Lucian's  Dialogue  of  Zepliy-  priests,  prajtors,  &c.     Priscorum 

rus  and  Notus  on  the  subject  in  virorum,  Prid.   Id  Mai.  the  effi- 

the  text.  gies  of   thirty   old    men,    stuffed 

553.  Sinus.  The  folds  of  her  with  straw  or  rushes,  simulacra 
robe.  scirpea,  were  thrown   from    the 

554.  Sidoni.  voc.  of  Sidonis-  Sublician  bridge,  roboreo  ponte, 
idis.  Europa,  so  called  from  Si-  by  the  Vestal  virgins,  into  the 
don  in  Phoenicia.  Tiber.     For   the  origin  of  this 

556.  Assilientis.  Springing  up,  practice,  the  poet  assigns  three 
as  it  were,  to  kiss  her  feet.  opinions,  vs.  567,  et  seq.  infr. 

557.  Prudens.   Intentionally.  566.  Roboreo  ponte.  The  Pons 
562.  Parsque  tuum  terra,  kc.  Sublicius,  or  ^milius ;  a  wooden 


264 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  V. 


Corpora  post  decies  senos  qui  credidit  annos 

Missa  neci,  sceleris  crimine  damnat  avos. 
Fama  vetus  :  turn  cum  Saturnia  terra  vocata  est, 


bridge  erected  by  Ancus  Martius 
over  the  Tiber,  Liv.  i.  33,  in  order 
to  form  a  communication  between 
Janiculum  and  the  city;  it  was 
so  called  from  suhlicce,  stakes,  of 
which  it  was  at  first  formed,  but 
it  was  subsequently  rebuilt  with 
stone  by  iEmilius  Lepidus.  It 
was  called  by  Plutarch,  |t/Xiv»!  yi- 
ipy^a,and  generally  by  the  Greeks, 
uja,  in  allusion  to  the  veneration 
with  which  it  was  regarded  by  the 
Romans  for  its  antiquity,  or  be- 
cause it  was  traversed  by  the  sa- 
cred processions,  when  crossing 
the  Tiber  to  celebrate  any  of  their 
usual  solemnities  at  the  far  side  of 
that  river. 

567.  Corpora  post  decies,  ^'c. 
The  poet  gives  the  first  opinion 
as  to  the  probable  origin  of  this 
custom ;  and  asserts  that  those 
who  believe  old  men  of  sixty  to 
have  been  thus  got  rid  of,  bring 
a  charge  of  guilt  against  their 
ancestors  as  having  countenanced 
such  a  crime.   See  N.  569,  infr. 

569.  Turn  cum  Saturnia,  ^~c. 
Some  commentators  appear  very 
anxious  to  remove  this  stigma, 
571,  infr.  from  the  ancient  Latins. 
One,  in  particular,  with  a  pecu- 
liarly unhappy  affectation  of  sin- 
gularity, has,  in  a  late  work, 
'hinted  his  opinion  that  human 
sacrifices  were  totally  unknown 
in  the  heroic  ages  of  Greece,  and 
that  all  legends  relating  to  such 
are  comparatively  late  fictions!' 
Upon  this  it  is  merely  necessary 
to  observe,  that  Homer  speaks  of 
twelve  Trojan  captives  having 
been  sacrificed  at  the  funeral  of 
Patroclus,  to  which  may  be  added 
the  immolation  of  Polyxena  at 
the    tomb  of   Achilles,   and    the 


oifering  of  Iphigenia  at  the  altar 
of  Diana,  which  are  sufficient  to 
prove,  if  nothing  else,  that  the 
Greeks  were  at  least  familiar 
with  the  accounts  of  such  sacri- 
fices. But  in  later  ages  the  prac- 
tice was  anything  but  unusual. 
Aristomenes  the  Messenian,  sa- 
crificed three  hundred  men,  among 
whom  was  Theopompus,  one  of 
the  kings  of  Sparta,  to  Jupiter 
of  Ithome.  ThemiStocles,  in  or- 
der to  procure  the  assistance  of 
the  gods  against  the  Persians,  as 
Plutarch  relates,  sacrificed  some 
captives  of  that  nation.  Bacchus 
had  an  altar  in  Arcadia,  at  which 
young  women  were  beaten  to 
death  with  bundles  of  rods,  and 
the  Lacedaemonians  seem  to  have 
had  a  similar  custom,  of  scourging 
their  children,  frequently  to  death, 
in  honour  of  Diana  Orthla.  The 
Christian  Apologists,  Clemens  of 
Alexandria,  Lactantius,  Minutius 
Felix,  Cyril  of  Alexandria,  Eu- 
sebius  and  others,  discuss  this 
subject  of  human  sacrifices  suffi- 
ciently to  set  the  question  at  rest, 
and  shew  the  futility  of  any  opi- 
nion as  opposed  to  fact.  But 
the  commentator  proceeds  still 
further,  and  extends  '  his  theory' 
to  Italy,  asserting  « that  there 
are  no  testimonies  on  which  to 
rely,  of  such  a  practice,  viz.  hu- 
man sacrifices,  having  prevailed 
in  it  at  the  time  when  the  poet 
says  it  was  called  Saturnia  terra.' 
Why  the  ancient  Latins,  who  ob- 
served with  such  complacency 
the  worship  of  a  Deity  whom 
they  believed  to  have  devoured 
his  own  children,  should  have 
been  in  any  degree  more  refined 
than  the  barbarous  aborigines  of 


PRID.  ID.  MAI. 


265 


Talia  fatidici  dicta  fuere  dei :  570 

Falcifero  libata  seni  duo  corpora,  gentes, 

Mittite  ;  quae  Tuscis  excipiantur  aquis. 
Donee  in  hsec  venit  Tirynthius  arva,  quotannis 

Tristia  Leucadio  sacra  peracta  modo  ; 
Ilium  stramineos  in  aquam  mississe  Quirites  ;  575 

Herculis  exemplo  corpora  falsa  jaci. 


any  other  nation,  does  not  so 
clearly  appear  ;  at  all  events  they 
seem  to  have  fallen  away  sadly 
from  their  first  estate,  when  the 
Roman  Homer  ventured  to  depict 
the  liero  of  the  j5^neid  in  such 
colours  as  the  following ; — '  Sul- 
mone  creates  Quatuorhicjuvenes, 
totidem,  quos  educat  Ufens,  Vi- 
ventesrapit,  inferias  quos  immolet 
umbris,  Captivoque  rogi  perfundat 
sanguine  flamraas. '  yErieid,  x. 
517,  see  also  xi.  81,  82.  The 
subject  may  be  dismissed  with 
Heyne's  note  upon  the  passage 
as  above,  '  Nondum  igitur  ea 
aetate  metuendum  fuit  Maroni, 
ne  displiceret  immaue  facinus  lec- 
toribus :  nee  ^neas,  ubi  ira  ad 
furorem  actus  summa  cum  crude- 
litate  supplicem  ac  pretium  offer- 
entem  Magum  obtruncat  et  Tar- 
quiti  cadaveri  insultat,  ad  Roma-- 
norum  sensus  videri  debuit  inhu- 
maniter  et  impie  egisse ;  etsi  hoc 
ad  nostrum  sensum  aliter  se  habet.' 

570.  Fatidici  Dei.  The  Dodo- 
najan  Apollo. 

571.  Falcifero.  Saturn.  Libata. 
Offered  in  sacrifice.  Gentes.  The 
Aborigines. 

572.  Tuscis  aguis.  The  Tiber. 
573       Tirynthius.       Hercules. 

Arva.  sc.  Latina. 

574.  Leucadio  modo,  Leucadia, 
or  Leucas,  formerly  called  Neri- 
tis,  now  Santa  Maura,  was  ori<(i- 
nally  a  peuinsula  of  Acarnania, 
but  the  isthmus  having  been  cut 
through,  it  became  an  island. 
Some  derive  its  name  from  Leu- 
cas, a  companion  of  Ulysses,  or 


a  boy  beloved  by  Apollo ;  others 
with  more  probability,  from  the 
white  rocks  which  form  the  cele- 
brated Lover's  leap.  The  custom 
alluded  to  in  the  text  was  that  of 
throwing  a  criminal,  upon  the 
celebration  of  the  sacred  rites  of 
Apollo,  from  the  brow  of  the 
mountain  into  the  sea,  having 
first  attached  to  his  body  a  spe- 
cies of  wings,  and  a  great  number 
of  birds  to  break  his  talL  At  the 
bottom,  small  boats  were  so  dis- 
posed as  to  receive  him  with  the 
least  possible  injury,  and  transfer 
him  to  another  country.  It  was 
usual  for  those  who  had  lost  their 
parents,  or  entertained  an  ineffec- 
tual passion,  to  precipitate  them- 
selves from  this  rock  ;  whence 
the  name,  Lover's  Leap.  Ovid. 
Heroid.  ep.  xv.  165,  ♦  Hinc  se 
Deucalion,  Pyrrhae  succensus 
amore,  Misit,  et  illaeso  corpore 
pressit  aquas.'  From  this  pro- 
montory Sappho,  too,  is  said  to 
have  thrown  herself.    Cf.  Bvron. 

« 'Twas  on  a   Grecian  autumn's    gentle 

eve, 
Childe  Harold  hailed  Leucadia's  cape 

afar : 
A  spot  he  longed  to  see  nor   cared  to 

leave : — 


* 


* 


But  when  he  saw  the  evening  star  above, 
Leucadia's  far-protecting  rock  of  woe, 
And  hailed  the  last  resort  of  fruitless 
love, 
He  felt,  or  deemed  he  felt  no  common 
glow : 
And  as  the  stately  vessel  glided  slow. 
Beneath  the  shadow  of  that  ancient 
mount, 

2  A 


266  FASTORUM,  LIB.  V. 

Pars  putat,  ut  ferrent  juvenes  suffragia  soli, 

Pontibus  infirmos  pra;cipitasse  senes. 
Thybri,  doce  verum  :  tua  ripa  vetiistior  Urbe. 

Principium  ritus  tu  bene  nosse  potes.  580 

Thybris  arundiferum  medio  caput  extulit  alveo ; 

Raucaque  dimovit  talibus  ora  sonis  : 
Haec  loca  desertas  vidi  sine  mcenibus  herbas  : 

Pascebat  sparsos  iitraque  ripa  boves. 
Et  quern  nunc  gentes  Tiberin  noruntque  timentque.       585 

Tunc  etiam  pecori  despiciendus  eram. 
Arcadis  Evandri  nomen  tibi  stepe  refertur  : 

Ille  meas  remis  advena  torsit  aquas. 
Venit  et  Alcides,  turba  comitatus  Achiva. 

Albula,  si  memini,  tunc  mihi  nomen  erat.  590 

Excipit  hospitio  juvenem  Pallantius  heros  : 

Et  tandem  Caco  debita  poena  venit. 
Victor  abit,  secumque  boves,  Erythe'ida  praedam, 

Abstrahit.     At  comites  longius  ire  negant. 
Magnaque  pars  Iiorum  desertis  venerat  Argis  :  595 

Montibus  his  ponunt  spemque  Laremque  suum. 
Saepe  tamen  patriae  dulci  tanguntur  amore  ; 

Atque  aliquis  moriens  hoc  breve  mandat  opus  : 
Mittite  me  Tiberi :  Tiberinis  vectus  ut  undis 

Littus  ad  Inachium  pulvis  inanis  eam.  600 

Displicet  heredi  mandati  cura  sepulchri : 

Mortuus  Ausonia  conditur  hospes  humo 
Scirpea  pro  domino  Tiberi  jaciatur  imago, 

Ut  repetat  Graias  per  freta  longa  domos. 

He  watched    tlie    billows'  melancholy  588.    Ille  meas  remis,  ^c.  Fast. 

flow-  i.  449.  et  seq. 

And  sunk  albeit  in  thought  as  he  was         539^   5r„,.^„  Achiva.    See  infr. 


wont, 


604. 


More  placid  seemed  his  eye,  and  smooth  trd     r>  7;     j-      i  r<         1 

..       „. ,  „     .,  591.  1-^aUantius  heros.  tivander. 

hxs  paU id  front.'  en'j     r     w    -j  j  c 

Cavto  2,  Stanzas  iO-il.  5dd.  Enjtluida  pradam.      See 

Fast.  i.  N.  493. 
577.  Pars  putat,  Sfc.     A  third         594.  Comites.  sc.  turba  Achiva. 

opinion,  that  this  ceremony  might  589.    They  refused  to  accompany 

have  originated   in  a  niisconcep-  Hercules  on   his  departure  from 

tion    of   the    custom    mentioned.  Italy.    Virg.  jE)ieid,  x.  779. 
Fast.  i.  N.  53,  a  vied.  598.  Atque  aliquis  moriens,  ^c. 

579.  Thybri,  doce  verum.   The  Viry.  ^'Eneid,  x.  782, — '  et  dulces 

poet  invokes  the  god  of  the  Tiber  moriens  reminiscitur  Argos.' 
to  afford  him  the  requisite  infor-         600.  Littus  ad  Inachium.    Ina- 

mation,  which  is  detailed  in   the  chus  was  a  river  of  Argos. 
text.  604.   Graias  domos.     Whence, 


ID.   MAI.  267 

Hactenus  :  ut  vivo  subiit  rorantia  saxo  605 

Antra,  leves  cursum  sustinuistis  aquae. 

ID.  MAI.  MERCURII  FESTUM. 

Clare  nepos  Atlantis,  ades  :   quern  montibus  olim 

Edidit  Arcadiis  Ple'ias  una  jovi. 
Pacis  et  armorum  superis  imisque  deorum 

Arbiter,  alato  qui  pede  carpis  iter  :  610 

Laete  lyrse  pulsu,  nitida  quoque  laete  palaestra : 

Quo  didicit  culte  lingua  favente  loqui, 
Templa  tibi  posuere  Patres  spectantia  Circum 

Idibus ;  ex  illo  est  haec  tibi  festa  dies. 
Te,  quicunque  suas  profitetur  vender e  merces,  615 

Ture  dato,  tribuas  ut  sibi  lucra,  rogat. 
Est  aqua  Mercurii  portse  vicina  Capenae  : 

Si  juvat  expertis  credere  ;  numen  habet. 
Hue  venit  incinctus  tunicas  mercator  ;  et  urna 

Purus  suffita,  quam  ferat,  haurit  aquam.  620 

Uda  fit  hinc  laurus :  lauro  sparguntur  ab  uda 

Omnia,  quae  dominos  sunt  habitura  novos. 
Spargit  et  ipse  suos  lauro  rorante  capillos  ; 

Et  peragit  solita  fallere  voce  preces. 
Ablue  praeteriti  perjuria  temporis,  inquit.  625 

Ablue  praeterita  perfida  verba  die. 


as  also  from  vs.  589  and  595,  the  and    venders    used    to    sprinkle 

name  of  those  figures,  Argei  may  themselves  for  purification  ;  infr. 

have  originated.  623. 

606.  Cursum  sustinuistis.     In         618.  Numen.   A  divine  virtue, 
token  of  reverence  for  the  deity.  619.  Incinctus.  i.  e.  quoad  tuni- 

607.  Clare  nepos  Atlantis,  cas.  The  tunic  was  fastened  by 
The  poet  invokes  Mercury,  a  girdle,  or  belt,  about  the  waist, 
whose  festival  was  celebrated  on  to  keep  it  tight,  which  served 
the  Ides  of  May,  on  which  day  also  as  a  purse  in  which  they 
a  temple  had  been  dedicated  to  kept  their  money,  whence  incinct. 
him  near  the  Circus  Maximus ;  ttinic,  mere,  the  merchant  in  his 
infr.  613.  tunic  girt. 

608.  Pleias  una.  Maia.  Area-  622.  Omnia,  quce  dominos,  §-c. 
diis  montibus.   Cyllene.  Every  thing  which  was  sroing  to 

617.  Est  aqua  Mercurii.    Out-  to  be   sold,   and   so   become    the 

side   the   Porta    Capena,  on  the  property  of  new  owners. 
Appian  way,  there   was   a  well,         625.  Ablue prateriti,  ^-c.  Com- 

sacred    to    Mercury,     with    the  pare  Persius.   Sat.  2,  5,  et  seq. 
waters  of  which   the   merchants 


268 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  V. 


Sive  ego  te  feci  testem,  falsove  citavi 

Non  audiUiri  numina  magna  Jovis; 
Sive  deum  prudens  alium  divamve  fefelli ; 

Abstulerint  celeres  improba  dicta  Noti. 
Et  pereant  veniente  die  perjuria  nobis  : 

Nee  curent  Superi,  siqua  locutus  ero. 
Da  modo  lucra  mihi,  da  facto  gaudia  liicro  ; 

Et  face,  lit  emtori  verba  dedisse  juvet. 
Talia  Mercurius  poscentem  ridet  ab  alto, 

Se  memor  Ortygias  surripuisse  boves. 


630 


635 


DEC.  TERT.  KAL.  JUN.  SOL  IN  GEMINIS. 


At  mihi  pande,  precor,  tanto  meliora  petenti, 
In  Geminos  ex  quo  tempore  Phoebus  eat  ? 

Cum  totidem  de  mense  dies  superesse  videbis, 
Quot  sunt  Herculei  facta  laboris,  ait. 

Die,  ego  respondi,  causam  mihi  sideris  hujus. 
Causam  facundo  prodidit  ore  deus  : 

Abstulerant  raptas  Pceben  Phcebesque  sororem 


640 


628.  Non  audituri.  Whom  the 
perjurer  did  not  wish  to  hearken 
to  his  abjuration. 

631.  Pereant  veniente  die.  Let 
there  be  no  trace  remainin?  of 
the  perjuries  on  the  succeeding 
day ;  or,  as  some  copies  read 
pateant,  let  an  opportunity  of 
such  frauds  be  afforded  me  on  the 
day  to  come. 

634.  Et  face,  ut  emtori,  ^c. 
And  make  it  profitable  to  me 
to  have  imposed  upon  the  pur- 
chaser. 

636.  Ortygias  hoves.  Ortygia 
was  the  ancient  name  of  Delos ; 
from  Gr.  o^rul,  a  quail,  into  which 
Latona  was  chansred,  and  so  dis- 
guised fled  thither  for  refuge  from 
the  persecution  of  Juno.  The 
circumstance  alluded  to  in  the 
text  was  Mercury's  having  stolen 
the  oxen  of  Admetus,  king  of 
Pherae,  in  Thessaly,  which  were 
tended  by  Apollo  ;  whence   Or- 


tygias i.  e.  Delias  boves.  Ortygia 
was  the  name  also  of  an  island 
near  Sicily,  over  against  Syracuse, 
Virg.  jSHneid,  iii.  694.  Ephesus, 
in  Ionia,  was  so  called  ;  Plin.  v. 
c.  20. 

638.  In  Geminos  ex  quo,  SfC. 
The  sun  having  left  Taurus,  en- 
ters the  sign  Gemini  on  the  xin. 
Kal.  Jun.  twelve  days  before 
the  end  of  the  month ;  whence 
cum  totidem  de  mense,  &c.  infr. 
695. 

641.  Die,  ego,  ^c.  Addressing 
Mercury ;  the  poet  asks  for  the 
origin  of  this  constellation. 

643.  Phwberi  Phcebesque  soro- 
rem. Phoebe  and  her  sister  Elaira, 
or  Hilaira,  daughters  of  Leucip- 
pus  brother  of  Tyndarus  king  of 
Sparta,  and  Philodice  daughter 
of  Inachus,  were  betrothed  to 
Idas  and  Lynceus,  the  sons  of 
Aphareus.  The  twins,  Castor 
and   Pollux,    became   enamoured 


DEC.  TERT.  KAL.  JUN.  269 

Tyndaridae  fi*atres,  hie  eques,  ille  pugil. 
Bella  parant,  repetuntque  suas  et  frater  et  Idas  ;  645 

Leucippo  fieri  pactus  uterque  gener. 
His  amor,  ut  repetant,  illis,  ut  reddere  nolint, 

Suadet :  et  ex  causa  pugnat  uterque  pari. 
EfFugere  Qi^balidse  cursu  potuere  sequentes  ; 

Sed  visum  celeri  vincere  turpa  fuga.  650 

Liber  ab  arboribus  locus  est,  apta  area  pugnse. 

Constiterant  illic  :  nomen  Aphidna  loco. 
Pectora  trajectus  Lynceo  Castor  ab  ense 

Non  expectato  vulnere  pressit  humum. 
Ultor  adest  Pollux  :  et  Lyncea  perforat  hasta,  655 

Qua  cervix  humeros  continuata  premit. 
Ibat  in  hunc  Idas,  vixque  est  Jovis  igne  repulsus : 

Tela  tamen  dextrae  fulmine  rapta  negant. 
Jamque  tibi  ccelum,  Pollux,  sublime  patebat ; 

Cum,  Mea,  dixisti,  percipe  verba,  Pater.  660 

Quod  mihi  das  uni,  ccelum  par  tire  duobus : 

Dimidiun^  toto  munere  majus  erit. 
Dixit,  et  alterna  fratrem  statione  redemit : 

Utile  sollicitae  sidus  uterque  rati. 

AGONALIA. 

Ad  Janum  redeat,  qui  quaerit,  Agonia  quid  sint ;  665 

Quae  tamen  in  Fastis  hoc  quoque  terapus  habent. 


of  the  sisters,  and  carried  them  cordina:  to  Theocritus,  Idyll,  xxii. 

off;   the   result  is   given  in   the  and    Pindar,   Nem.    Od.   x.  this 

text.  combat  took  place  at  the  tomb  of 

644.    TyndaridcE.    Sons  of  Ju-  Aphareus,  in  Messene. 
piter  by  Leda,  who  was  married  658.    Tela  tamen  dextra.  Idas, 
to   Tyndarus,   son  of    CEbalus  ;  though  stricken  with  the  thunder- 
whence  CEbalidcB,  infr.  seeN.  649.  bolt,  did  not  allow  the  arms  to  be 

647.  His.     Idas  and  Lynceus.  forced  from  his  hand. 

Illis.     Castor  and  Pollux.  663.  Alterna  statione.    Jupiter 

649.  CEbalidcE.  The  twins  may  having  permitted  Castor  to  share 

have  been  so  called,  CEbalia  being  his   brother's   immortality,    each 

synonymous  with  Laconia,  their  alternately    visited    heaven   and 

native  country.  hell,   according  to  some  with  a 

652.    Aphidna.     One   of  the  day's,  to  others,  with  six  months' 

£i.rifji,oi,  or  hamlets  of  Laconia,  of  interval.     Redemit.  sc.    a  morte. 

the  tribe  Leontis,  where  Theseus  Virg.  j^neid,  vi.  121. 

is  said  to  have   detained   Helen,  664.    Utile  sidus.     Horat.  Od. 

and  from   whence   she  was  deli-  iii.  32,  and  12,  27. 

vered  by  Castor  and  Pollux.    Ac-  QQ5.  Ad  Janum  redeat.  On  the 

2  A  2 


270  FASTORUM,  LIB.  V. 


CAMS  ORITUR. 

Nocte  sequente  diem  canis  Erigoneius  exit. 
Est  alio  signi  reddita  causa  loco. 


DUODEC.  KAL.  JUN.  TUBILUSTRIA. 

Proxima  Vulcani  lux  est ;  Tubilustria  dicunt. 

Lustrantur  purae,  quas  facit  ille,  tubse.  670 

UNDEC.  KAL.  JUN.   Q.  R.  C  F, 

Quatuor  inde  notis  locus  est ;  quibus  ordine  lectis 
Vel  mos  sacrorum,  vel  Fuga  Regis  inest. 

DEC.  KAL.  JUN.  ^DES  FORTUNE  PUBLICO  DICATA. 
ORITUR  AQUILA. 

Nee  te  praetereo,  populi  Fortuna  potentis 
Publica  ;  cui  templum  luce  sequente  datum. 

XIII.  Kal.  Jun.  the  Agonalia  dicat  ad  comitium  ad  quod  tern- 
were  celebrated  again.  See  Fast,  pus  est  nefas,  ab  eo  fas ;'  whence 
i.  317,  et  seq.  mos  sacrorum, 'm(r.  The  latter  al- 
667.  Noete  seque.nte.  On  the  ludes  to  the  Rex  Sacrificulus,  (who 
night  of  the  xiii.  Id.  Jun.  Cani-  was  debarred  from  the  exercise 
oula  rises;  (sets,  according  to  of  any  civil  office  ;  Jtzs?,  i.  n.  333, 
Pliny,  xviii.  27.)  See  Fas<.  iv.  n.  sub.  fin.)  attending  the  Comitia 
905.  to  regulate   the  sacrifices,  at  the 

669.  Proxima  Vulcani  lux  est.  termination  of  which  he  was  im- 
On  the  XII.  Kal.  Jun.  the  Tubi-  mediately  obliged  to  depart ; 
lustria  were  celebrated  a  second  whence  i^w^a  i?e(7«,  infr.  Inde.  sc. 
time ;  see  Fast.  iii.  N.  828.  Dies  sequens.    The  xi.  Kal.  Jun. 

670.  Quas  facit  ille.  Because  was  the  day  so  marked  in  the 
Vulcan  was  the  god  of  operatives.  Calendar. 

671.  Quatuor  notis.  The  \etteTS  673.  Fortuna  Publica.  On  the 
Q.  R.  c.  F.  which  signify  either  x.  Kal.  Jun.  a  temple  was  dedi- 
QUANDO  REX  coMiTiAViT,  FAS.  Gated  to  Fortuna  Publica ;  Fast. 
Fast.  i.  N.  54,  a  vied  ;  or  quando  vi.  523,  or,  according  to  some, 
REX  coMiTio  FUGiT.  The  former  Fortuna  Primigenia ;  «  prseses 
is  thus  explained  by  Varro ;  «  Dies  rerum  gignendarum,  vel  quae  est 
qui  vocatur  sic,  Q.  R.  c.  f.  dictus  unicuique  a  primo  ortu  comes, 
ab  eo  quod  eo  die  rex  sacrificulus  Forcel.  Liv.  xxxiv.  53,  a  med. 


NO?i.  KAL.  J  UN.  271 

Hanc  ubi  dives  aquis  acceperit  Amphitrite ;  675 

Grata  Jovi  fulvse  rostra  videbis  avis. 


NON.  KAL.  JUN.    BOOTES   OCCIDIT.     OCT.  KAL.  J  UN. 
HYADES  ORIUNTUR. 

Auferat  ex  oculis  veniens  Aurora  Booten  : 
Continuaque  die  sidus  Hyantis  erit. 


675.  Hanc  ubi  dives,  §-c.    On  402,  sets,  and  on  the  day  imme- 

the  evening   of  this   day  Aquila  diately   succeeding,    Continuaque 

rises.  die,  viii.  Kal.  Jun.   the  Hyades 

677.  Auferat  ex  oculis,  §*c.  ix.  rise  heliacally. 
Kal.    Jun.    Bootes,  Fast.  iii.    N. 


?,  OVIDII  NASONIS 

FASTORUM, 

LIBER  VI. 


Hic  quoque  mensis  habet  dubias  in  nomine  causas : 
Quae  placeant,  positis  omnibus,  ipse  leges. 

Facta  canam  ;  sed  erunt,  qui  me  finxisse  loquantur, 
Nullaque  mortali  numina  visa  putent. 

Est  deus  in  nobis  ;  agitante  calescimus  illo. 


1.   Hie    quoque  mensis,   ^c 

June,  like  some  of  the  preceding 
months,  presents  a  difficulty  with 
regard  to  the  origin  of  its  title, 
which  Juno,  Hebe,  and  Concord 
separately  promise  to  solve. 

5.  Est  Deus  in  nobis.  To  ob- 
viate the  objection  that  might 
arise  to  the  poet's  having  been 
favoured  so  far  as  to  have  held  a 
personal  conference  with  a  deity, 
he  advances  an  irresistible  and 
impressive  argument  which  is 
strikingly  suitable  to  his  purpose, 
the  consciousness  of  the  god 
within.  The  sense  of  the  text 
could  not  be  more  ably  or  beauti- 
fully developed  than  in  the  fol- 
lowing lines. 

"  What  is  that  thing, 

That  nameless  tiling,  about  us,  or  within. 
That  will  not  brook  the  bondage  of  our 

lot. 
But    revels   wildly  like   the   mountain. 

wind  ? 
—That  bounds  at  will  o'er  Nature's  bat. 

tlement. 
Where    awful    shade   her    adamantine 

doors 


Cast  on  the  confines  of  the  universe  ? 
—That  glides,  too,  through  the  closest  seal 

of  thought. 
More  subtile  than  thin  air  .'—that  range» 

back 
Amongst  the  mysteries  pre-adamite. 
Then  in  a  moment   starts,  and  shoots 

away 
Unmeasured    years  before  us,    to  the 

doom, 
Where  the  great  book  is  opened,  and  the 

judge 
Of  men  is  seen  upon  his  cloudy  throne} 
—That  plunges  into  earth  an  hundred 

leagues 
Beneath    the   knotted  roots   of  ancient 

hills. 
And  then  emerges  in  its  vast  rebound, 
As  high  as  unto  heav'n?— ay,   what  is 

that. 
That  glows  and  freezes  in  the  conscious 

heart, 
Thinks  in  the  head,  and  lives  within  the 

soul? 
— Not  mortal,  surely— not  akin  to  clay^ 
Not  weak,  degraded,    foul— but    great, 

divine — 
Immortal— pure— almost  omnipotent— 
—Say — is  not  this  a  God  f" 

D.  P.  Starkey. 


274 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  VI. 


Impetus  hie  sacrae  semina  mentis  habet. 
Fas  mihi  prajcipue  vultus  vidisse  deorum  : 

Vel  quia  sum  vates  ;  vel  quia  sacra  cano. 
Est  nemus  arboribus  densum,  secretus  ab  omni 

Voce  locus  ;  si  non  obstreperetur  aquis.  10 

Hie  ego  quaerebam,  coepti  quae  mensis  origo 

Esset;  et  in  eura  nominis  hujus  eram. 
Esse  Deas  vidi :  non  quas  praeceptor  arandi 

Viderat,  Ascraeas  cum  sequeretur  oves  : 
Nee  quas  Priamides  in  aquosae  vallibus  Idas  15 

Contulit.     Ex  illis  sed  tamen  una  fuit. 
Ex  illis  fuit  una,  sui  germana  mariti. 

Haec  erat,  agnovi,  quae  stat  in  aree  Jovis. 
Horrueram  ;  tacitoque  animum  pallore  fatebar  : 

Cum  dea,  quos  fecit,  sustulit  ipsa  metus.  20 

Namque  ait,  O  vates,  Romani  conditor  anni, 

Ause  per  exiguos  magna  referre  modos  : 
Jus  tibi  fecisti  numen  cceleste  videndi,  t 

Cum  placuit  numeris  condere  festa  tuis. 
Ne  tamen  ignores,  vulgique  errore  traharis ;  25 

Junius  a  nostro  nomine  nomen  habet. 


6.  Impetus.  Ovid.  ex.  Pont. 
iv.  JEp,  2,  25.  '  Impetus  ille  sacer, 
qui  vatum  pectora  nutrit.' 

'  From  hearen  my  strains  begin ;  from 

heaven  descends, 
The   flame  of  genius   to    the  human 

breast. 
And  love  and  beauty,  and  poetic  joy 
And  inspiration.'  Akeruide. 

7.  Fas  mihi  pracipue,  Sfc.  See 
infr.  23. 

1 3.  /VoK  quas  prceceptor  arandi. 
Hesiod.  Deor.  Gener.  21.  "A*  vu 
cr»^'  'Hf'iniov    xaXji»  ES/Sa|av  aoihnv, 

(iZPdv     liiTati    'MoZffai     '0\u/£TiaSts, 
xovaai  Ajoy  Alyio^oii' 

—And  all  the  holy  race  of  deities. 
Existing  ever — They  to  Hesiod  erst. 
Have   taught   tlieir    stately   song :    the 

whilst  his  flocks 
He  fed,  beneath  all-sacred  Helicon. 
Thus  first  those  goddesses  their  heavenly 

speech 


Addressed,  the  Olympian  Muses  bom  of 
Jove.'  Elton. 

The  poet  applies  to  Hesiod  the 
title  in  the  text  in  reference  to 
his  "Eoya.  xcu  'Hfiioai  ;  through 
which  the  Muses  were  his  guides, 
whereas  Juno  vouchsafed  to  in- 
struct Ovid. 

14.  Ascrceas  oves.  So  called 
because  Hesiod  was  born  at  As- 
cra,  a  town  in  Bceotia,  to  which 
his  parents  Dius  and  Pycimene 
had  removed  from  Cyme,  one  of 
the  jEolian  islands,  to  the  north 
of  Smyrna. 

15.  Priamides.  In  allusion 
to  the  judgment  of  Paris  upon 
Mount  Ida,  in  which  he  awarded 
the  prize  of  beauty  to  Venus  in 
preference  to  Juno  and  Mi- 
nerva. 

18.  Qua  stat  in  arce  Jovis. 
The  temple  of  Juno  was  on  the 
right,  and  ^Minerva's  on  the  left  of 
the  temple  of  Jove  in  the  Capitol. 

26.  Junius.     Qu.    Junonius. 


JUNIUS.  275 

Est  aliquid  nupsisse  Jovi,  Jovis  esse  sororem. 

Fratre  magis,  dubito,  glorier,  anne  viro. 
Si  genus  adspicitur  ;  Saturnum  prima  parentem 

Feci.     Saturni  sors  ego  prima  fui.  30 

A  patre  dicta  meo  quondam  Saturnia  Roma  est ; 

Haec  illi  a  coelo  proxima  terra  fuit. 
Si  torus  in  pretio  est ;  dicor  matrona  Tonantis  : 

Junctaque  Tarpeio  sunt  mea  templa  Jovi. 
An  potuit  Maio  pellex  dare  nomina  m.ensi  ?  35 

Hie  honor  in  nobis  invidiosus  erit  ? 
Cur  igitur  regina  vocor,  princepsque  dearum  ? 

Aurea  cur  dextrae  sceptra  dedere  meae  ? 
An  faciant  mensem  luces,  Lucinaque  ab  illis 

Dicar  ;  et  a  nullo  nomina  mense  traham  ?  40 

Turn  me  pcEniteat  posuisse  fideliter  iras 

In  genus  Electrae,  Dardaniamque  domum. 
Causa  duplex  irae.     Rapto  Ganymede  dolebara  ; 

Forma  quoque  Idseo  judice  victa  mea  est. 
Poeniteat,  quod  non  foveo  Carthaginis  arces  ;  45 

Cum  mea  sint  illo  cuitus  et  arma  loco. 
Poeniteat,  Sparten,  Argosque,  measque  Mycenas, 

Et  veterem  Latio  supposuisse  Samon. 
Adde  senem  Tatium,  Junonicolasque  Faliscos ; 

Quos  ego  Romanis  succubuisse  tuli.  50 

Sed  neque  poeniteat ;  nee  gens  mihi  carior  ulla  est. 

Hie  colar,  hie  teneam  cum  Jove  templa  meo. 
Ipse  mihi  Mavors,  Commendo  moenia,  dixit, 

Haec  tibi :  tu  pollens  urbe  nepotis  eris. 
Dicta  fides  sequitur.     Centum  celebramur  in  aris  :  55 

Nee  levior  quovis  est  mihi  mensis  honor. 


30.  Sors.     The  daughter.  laid  aside  with  sincerity.    Forcel. 

35.  Pellex.  Mala,  the  mother  of  42.   Genus  Electra.    The  Tro- 
Mercnry.  jans,  descended  trom  Electra,  the 

36.  Invidiosus.  i.  e.  invidendus.  mother  of  Dardanus. 

39.  Luces,  sc.  Dies.  46.   Cum  mea  sint,  SfC.      Com- 

40.  Et  a  nullo  nomina  mense  pare  Virg.  jEneid,i.  12,  et  seq. 
traham.  '  Shall  I  not  have  the  55.  Centum.  A  definite  for 
credit  of  naming  any  month  ?'  an  indefinite  number ;  Juno  had 
this  is  the  meaning- of  the  passage  many  altars  and  shrines  at  Rome, 
which  the  poet  has  expressed  ra-  variously  denominated,  Caproti- 
ther  obscurely.  nse,  Juyse,  Matutae,  Sorori»,  Sos- 

41.  Turn  me  poeniteat,  ^c.    In  pitas,  &c. 

case  she  should  be  refused  the  o6.  A"ec  levior  quovis.  The  res- 
honour  of  giving  the  month  its  pect  paid  her  in  so  calling  the 
name.  Posuisse  fideliter.  To  have  month,  was  not  inferior  to  any 


276  FASTORUM,  LIB.  VI. 

Nee  tamen  hunc  nobis  tantummodo  pra;stat  honorem 

Roma :  suburban!  dant  mihi  munus  idem. 
Inspice,  quos  habeat  nemoralis  Aricia  fastos, 

Et  populus  Laurens,  I^anuviunKpie  meum.  60 

Est  illic  mensis  Junonius.     Inspice  Tibur, 

Et  Praenestinae  moenia  sacra  dea; ; 
Junonale  leges  tempus.     Nee  Romulus  illas 

Condidit  :  at  nostri  Roma  nepotis  erat. 
Finierat  Juno.     Respeximus.     Herculis  uxor  65 

Stabat ;  et  in  vultu  signa  dolentis  erant. 
Non  ego,  si  toto  mater  me  cedere  coelo 

Jusseric,  invita  matre  morabor,  ait. 
Nunc  quoque  non  luctor  de  nomine  temporis  hujus. 

Blandior,  et  partes  pcene  rogantis  ago.  70 

Remque  mei  juris  malim  tenuisse  precando  ; 

Et  faveas  causae  forsitan  ipse  meae. 
Aurea  possedit  socio  Capitolia  templo 

Mater  ;  et  ut  debet,  cum  Jove  summa  tenet. 
At  decus  omne  mihi  contingit  origine  mensis.  75 

Unicus  est,  de  quo  soUieitamur,  honor. 
Quid  grave,  si  titulum  mensis,   Romane,  dedistis 

Herculis  uxori,  posteritasque  memor  ? 
Haec  quoque  terra  aliquid  debet  mihi  nomine  magni 

acknowledgment  of  her  divinity  of  Juno  only ;  whence  Junonia 

and  influence.  Hebe;   Val.  P/acc.  viii.  231.  She 

58.  Suburbani.  The  inhabi-  was  the  goddess  of  youth,  and  as 
tants  of  those  towns  wluch  were  such,  called  by  the  Latins,  Ju- 
in  the  vicinity  of  Rome.  ventas  or  Juventa.    On  account  of 

59.  Nemoralis  Aricia.  Fast.  iii.  her  remarkable  beauty  she  was 
2<33,  et  seq.  appointed  cup-bearer  to  the  gods 

60.  Lanvviumquemenjn.  Where  by  Jupiter,  who  deprived  her  of 
there  was  a  temple  and  grove,  the  office  after«-ards,  and  bestow- 
sacred  to  Juno  Sospita.  ed  it  on  Ganymede.    When  Her- 

62.  Prcenestina.  At  Praeneste  cules,  after  his  decease,  became 
also,   Juno  had  a  temple.  a    deity,    Juno's  enmity    against 

63.  Junonale  tempus.  sc.  Juno-  him  entifely  ceased,  and  she  gave 
nis  mensem.  Nee  Romulus  illas,  ^-c.  him  Hebe  in  marriage,  by  whom 
Juno  argues  that  since  her  wor-  he  had  two  sons,  Alexiares  and 
ship  was  so  carefully  attended  to  Anicetus. 

in  those  towns  which  were  not  72.  Faveas  ipse.  Faveat  ipsa. 
founded  by  Romulus,  she  was  sc.  Juno.  Al. 
doubtless  entitled  to  a  similar  73.  Socio  templo.  Supr.  N.  18. 
respect  in  a  city  upon  which  she  lb.  At  decus  omne,  ice.  All  the 
had  a  just  claim,  as  it  had  been  credit  which  she  enjoyed  consist- 
founded  by  her  grandson.  ed  in  her  having  given  the  month 

65.   Herculis  uxor.     Hebe,  the  its  name, 

daughter  of  Jupiter  and  Juno,  or  79.  Nomine.    On  account  of. 


KAL.  JUN.  277 

Conjugis.     Hue  captas  appulit  ille  boves.  80 

Hie  male  defensus  flammis  et  dote  paterna 

Caeus  Aventinam  sanguine  tinxit  humum. 
Ad  pi'opiora  voeor.     Populum  digessit  ab  annis 

Romulus,  in  partes  distribuitque  duas. 
Haee  dare  consilium,  pugnare  paratior  ilia  est :  85 

Haec  aetas  bellum  suadet,  at  ilia  gerit. 
Sic  statuit,  mensesque  nota  secrevit  eadem. 

Junius  est  juvenum  ;  qui  fuit  ante,  senum. 
Dixit :  et  in  litem  studio  certaminis  issent ; 

Atque  ira  pietas  dissimulata  foret.  90 

Venit  ApoUinea  longas  Concordia  lauro 

Nexa  comas,  placidi  numen  opusque  Ducis. 
Haec  ubi  narravit  Tatium,  fortemque  Quirinum, 

Binaque  cum  populis  regnaque  coisse  suis  : 
Et  lare  communi  soceros  generosque  receptos  ;  95 

His  nomen  junctis  Junius,  inquit,  habet. 
Dicta  triplex  causa  est.     At  vos  ignoscite,  divae  : 

Res  est  arbitrio  non  dirimenda  meo. 
Ite  pares  a  me.     Perierunt  judice  formae 

Pergama  ;  plus  laedunt,  quam  juvet  una,  duae.  100 

KAL.  JUN.  CARN^  FESTUxM. 
Prima  dies  tibi,  Carna,  datur.    Dea  cardinis  hsec  est. 


80.  Captas  boves.  Fast.  i.  493,  101.  Carna.  On  the  kalends  of 
et  seq.  June  the  festival  of  this  deity  was 

81.  Dote  paterna.    Ibid.  521.  celebrated.     She  was  a  nymph  of 
83.  Digessit  ab  annis.    Accord-  the  grove  of  Helernus  or  Hilerna, 

ing  to  their  age.  anciently  called  Grane  or  Crane, 

88.  Qui  fuit  ante,  senum.  In  al-  and  by  metathesis,  Carne  or  Car- 
lusion  to  May  having  been  so  na.  She  was  generally  engaged  in 
called  from  Majores.  See  Fast,  the  chase,  and  from  the  purity 
V.  73.  and   simplicity   of   her   life   was 

89.  Issent.    Juno  and  Hebe.  considered  the  sister  of  Diana ; 
92.  Ducis.  Tiberius,  who  built  but  having  been  betrayed  by  the 

the  temple  of  Concord,   Fast.  i.  artifices  of  Janus,  he  requited  the 

57.3.  loss  of  her  innocence  by  appoint- 

97.   Triplex.    By  Juno,  Hebe,  ing  her  to  preside  over  doors,  &c. 

and  Concord.  whence    Dea    cardinis ;   and  the 

99.  Perierunt  judice  formce.  exterior  of  houses,  whence  she 
Supr.  N.  15.  was  to  remove  all  noxious  birds, 

100.  Plus  ladunt,  S^c.  Juno  &c.  Some  suppose  that  Carda, 
and  Minerva  having  conspired  for  or  Cardea  was  the  title  of  the 
the  destruction  of  Troy,  which  goddess  of  hinges,  and  that  Carna 
Venus  was  unable  to  protect.  had  a  different  province,  that  of 

2  B 


278 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  VI. 


Numine  clausa  aperit,  claudit  aperta  suo. 
Unde  datas  habeat  vires,  obscurior  aevo 

Fama  ;  sed  e  nostro  carmine  certus  eris. 
Adjacet  antiqui  Tiberino  lucus  Helerni : 

Pontifices  illuc  nunc  quoque  sacra  ferunt. 
Inde  sata  est  Nymphe,  Granen  dixere  priores, 

Nequidquam  multis  sa?pe  petita  procis. 
Rura  sequi,  jaculisque  feras  agitare  solebat, 

Nodosasque  cava  tendere  valle  plagas. 
Non  habuit  pharetram :  Phcebi  tamen  esse  sororem 

Credebant:  nee  erat,  Phoebe,  pudenda  tibi. 
Huic  Janus,  spinam,  qua  tristes  pellere  posset 

A  foribus  noxas,  haec  erat  alba,  dedit. 
Sunt  avidae  volucres  :  non  quae  Phineia  mensis 

Guttura  fraudabant ;  sed  genus  inde  trahunt. 
Grande  caput,  stantes  oculi,  rostra  apta  rapinse  : 


105 


110 


115 


guarding  the  heart  and  stomach  ; 
the  poet,  however,  combines  those 
offices  in  the  one  deity.  Her  wor- 
ship was  ordained  at  Rome,  and 
her  festival  celebrated  on  the  Coe- 
lian  mount,  by  Junius  Brutus, 
pursuant  to  a  vow  which  he  had 
jjlighted  on  the  expulsion  of  Tar- 
quin. 

113.  Spinam.  The  efficacy 
which  the  ancients  attached  to 
the  white  thorn  has  been  already 
remarked. 

115.  Non  qua  Phineia,  Sfc. 
They  were  not  the  Harpies  who 
were  sent  by  Juno  to  pollute  and 
plunder  the  temples  of  Phineus, 
to  avenge  the  ci^uelty  which  he 
exercised  toward  his  sons  by  Cle- 
obula,  Plexippus  and  Pandion, 
in  putting  out  their  eyes  at  the 
instigation  of  their  step-mother, 
Idffia,  who  accused  them  falsely. 
He  was  subsequently  delivered 
from  them  by  Calais  and  Zethes, 
in  requital  for  some  important 
information  which  he  gave  to  the 
Argonauts  on  the  subject  of  their 
celebrated  expedition,  as,  owing 
to  the  advice  of  Phineus,  it  was 
made   more  certain    of    success. 


According  to  Apollodorus,  the 
Harpies,  called  by  Hesiod  Aello 
and  Ocypete,  were  the  offspring 
of  Thaumas  and  Electra.  Vale- 
rius P'laccus  makes  them  the 
daughters  of  Typhon.  Aello  is 
said  to  have  fallen,  in  her  flight, 
into  the  river  Tigris,  in  the  Mo- 
rea,  thence  called  Harpys.  Ocy- 
pete having  passed  over  the  Pro- 
pontis,  arrived  at  the  island  Ech- 
inades,  called  afterwards  Stropha- 
des,  from  Gr.  (rr^i^u,  because 
wearied  with  fatigue  she  turned 
to  the  shore  and  dropped  down. 
ApoUonius  Rhodius  mentions  that 
they  both  reached  the  Strophades, 
where  they  were  allowed  to  re- 
main in  safety,  having  sworn  to 
their  pursuers  that  they  would 
not  molest  Phineus  more. 

117.  Grande  caput.  The  poet 
proceeds  to  describe  the  stria  or 
screech-owl,  Gr.  2tj(|  from  trr^'t^a, 
strideo,  infr.  140.  What  is  stated 
of  this  bird  in  the  text  agrees 
closely  with  the  description  of 
the  Vespertilio  vampyrus  of  Lin- 
naeus, the  la  rusette  or  rougette  of 
Bufi'on ;  a  species  of  bat  with 
large  canine   teeth,  sharp,  black 


KAL.  JUN. 


279 


Canities  pennis,  unguibus  haraus  inest. 
Nocte  volant,  puerosque  petunt  nutricis  egentes  ; 

Et  vitiant  cunis  corpca  rapta  suis.  120 

Carpere  dicuntur  lactentia  viscera  rostris  ; 

Et  plenum  poto  sanguine  guttur  habent. 
Est  illis  strigibus  nomen :  sed  nominis  hujus 

Causa,  quod  horrenda  stridere  nocte  sclent. 
Sive  igitur  nascuntur  aves,  seu  carmine  fiunt ;  125 

Naeniaque  in  volucres  Marsa  figurat  anus  ; 
In  thalamos  venere  Procae.     Proca  natus  in  illis 

Praeda  recens  avium  quinque  diebus  erat. 
Pectoraque  exsorbent  avidis  infantia  linguis. 

At  puer  infelix  vagit,  opemque  petit.  1 30 

Territa  voce  sui  nutrix  accurrit  alumni  ; 

Et  rigido  sectas  invenit  ungue  genas. 
Quid  faceret  ?  color  oris  erat,  qui  frondlbus  olim 

Esse  solet  seris,  quas  nova  laesit  hiems. 


beak,  the  claws  very  strong  and 
hooked.  They  inhabit  Guinea, 
Madagascar,  and  all  the  islands 
from  thence  to  the  remotest  in 
the  Indian  Ocean,  Buffon  sup- 
poses that  they  were  not  unknown 
to  the  ancients,  and  that  they  gave 
rise  to  the  fictions  of  the  Harpies. 
Linnaeus  calls  this  species  of  bat 
the  vampyre,  conjecturing  it  to 
be  the  kiud  which  draws  blood 
from  any  it  can  find  asleep.  It 
bleeds  so  dexterously  that,  it  in- 
serts its  aculeated  tongue  into 
the  vein  without  causing  any  pain, 
and  then  sucks  the  blood  until  it 
is  sated  ;  all  the  while  fanning  the 
air  with  its  broad  wings,  so  as  to 
cast  the  sufferer  into  a  still  sound- 
er sleep.  Pennant's  Hist.  Quadrup, 
ii.  548,  &c.  Stantes  oculi.  Virg, 
JEneid,\\.  ' Stant lamina flarama.' 

119.  Puerosque  petunt.  So  Isi- 
dorus ;  '  Haec  avis  vulgo  Amma 
dicitur  ab  amando  parvulos.' 

121.  Lactentia.  Metam.  xv.  201. 
'  Nam  tener,  et  lactens,  puerique 
simillimum  aevo  Vere  novo  est:' 
sc.    Annus. 

124.  Horrenda  nocte.  Horrenda 
voce.     Al.    Horrendum    stridere. 


Jun.  Vlit.  as  .^neid,  vi.  '  bellua 
Lernaj  Horrendum  stridens.' 

125.  Sive  igiturnascuntur aves, 
Sfc.  Whether  they  are  actually 
birds,  or  are  made  so  by  enchant- 
ments, carmine  fiunt ;  the  ancients 
having  believed  such  a  metamor- 
phose possible,  as  that  mentioned 
infr.  126. 

126.  Naniaque  Marsa.  The 
Marsi  were  celebrated  for  sor- 
ceries, having  been,  according  to 
Gellius,  descended  from  !Marsus, 
the  son  of  Circe ;  whence  Horace, 
Epod.  5,  75,  '  Nee  vocata  mens 
tua  Marsis  redibit  vocibus,'  and 
17,  29,  '  Caputque  iVlarsa  dissi- 
lire  naenia.'  Striges  and  Striga 
were  terms  in  use  with  the  an- 
cients to  signify  hags  or  witches  ; 
whence  Isidorus,  in  Gloss ,-  '  Stri- 
ges, mulieres  volaticae ;'  so  call- 
ed from  their  power  of  assuming 
the  shape  of  a  bird. 

127.  Proca.  Fast.  iv.  n.  42. 

128.  Quinque  diebus.  At  five 
days  old. 

133.   Qui  frondihus  olim,  Sfc. 

'  But    see    the   fading   many-coloured 

woods, 
Shade    deepening    over    shade,    the 
country  round 


280  FASTORUM,  LIB.  VI. 

Pervenit  ad  Granen,  et  rem  docet.     Ilia,  Timorem      135 

Pone,  tuus  sospes,  dixit,  alumnus  erit. 
Venerat  ad  cunas  :  flebant  materque  patcrque. 

Sistite  vos  lachrymas,  ipsa  medebor,  ait. 
Protinus  arbutea  postes  ter  in  ordine  tangit 

Fronde  :  ter  arbutea  limina  fronde  notat.  140 

Spargit  aquis  aditus,  et  quae  medicamen  habebant : 

Extaque  de  porca  cruda  bimestre  tenet. 
Atque  ita,  Noctis  aves,  extis  puerilibus,  inquit, 

Parcite  :  pro  parvo  victima  parva  cadit. 
Cor  pro  corde,  precor,  pro  fibris  sumite  fibras.  145 

Hanc  animam  vobis  pro  meliore  damus. 
Sic  ubi  libavit,  prosecta  sub  aethere  ponit : 

Q,uique  sacris  adsunt,  respicere  ilia  vetat. 
Virgaque  Janalis  de  spina  ponltur  alba  : 

Q-ua  lumen  thalamis  parva  fenestra  dabat.  150 

Post  illud  nee  aves  cunas  violasse  feruntur  ; 

Et  rediit  puero,  qui  fuit  ante,  color. 
Pinguia  cur  illis  gustentur  larda  Kalendis, 

Mistaque  cum  calido  sit  faba  farre,  rogas  ? 
Prisca  dea  est ;  aliturque  cibis,  quibus  ante  solebat:     155 

Nee  petit  adscitas  luxuriosa  dapes. 
Piscis  adhuc  illi  populo  sine  fraude  natabat : 

Ostreaque  in  conchis  tuta  fuere  suis. 
Nee  Latium  norat,  quam  pra^bet  Ionia  dives, 

Nee,  quae  Pj'gma^o  sanguine  gaudet,  avem.  160 

Embrown ;  a  crowded  umbrage  dusk  Horat.  Sat.  ii.  2.  49.  '  Tutus  erat 

Of  every  O,  from  wan  derljning  green  rhombus,     tutoque    ciconia    nido 

To  sooty  dark.'  Donee  vos  auctor  docuit  Praeto- 

Thovison.  j.jyg  , 

Novahyems.    Winter  just  set  in.  J59    jy^^   Latium   norat.   Sec. 

141.  Qticc  medicamen  habebant.  The  ancients  were  unacquainted 

sc.  Aquis  lustralibus.  with  the  Attageii  Jonius  .-   which 

147.  Prosecta.  The  entrails  answers  probably  to  the  heath- 
cut  up ;  called  also  prosicice  and  cock,  or  wood-cork ;  so  called, 
porricice :  Gr.  6ufji,ikraiv  a.-zja.ii^a.i ;  because  the  best-flavoured  came 
that  part  of  the  victim  which  is  from  Ionia ;  Horat.  Epod.  2,  53, 
set  apart  for  the  object  of  the  and  also  with  the  crane,  quce 
sacrifice.  Pygmao  sanguine,  ^-c.  in  allusion 

148.  Respicere  ilia  vetat.  So  at  to  the  wars  said  to  have  been  car- 
the  Lemuria;  i^asf.  V.  vii.  Id.Mai.  ried  on  between  the  cranes  and 

149.  Janalis.  '  A  Jano  accep-  the  Pygm»i,  a  people  of  Thrace, 
tii.' Forcel.  Seosupr.  113.  Hein-  who  are  represented  to  have  been 
sius  proposes  Ramalis,  as  Mctam.  but  a  foot  and  a  half  in  height ; 
viii.  644.  Pers.  5,  39.  a  fiction  prohaldy  derived  from 

157.  Piscis  adhucilli populo, ^c.     their  name,  -aruyw»,  cubitus. 


KAL.  JUN. 


281 


Et  praeter  pennas  nihil  in  pavone  placebat ; 

Nee  tellus  captas  miserat  ante  feras. 
Sus  erat  in  pretio :  caesa  sue  festa  colebant. 

Terra  fabas  tantum,  duraque  farra  clabat. 
Quae  duo  mista  simul  sextis  quicunque  Kalendis 

Ederit ;  huic  laedi  viscera  posse  negant. 


165 


JUNONI  MONET^  ^DES   DICATA. 

Arce  quoque  in  summa  Junoni  templa  Monetae 
Ex  voto  memorant  facta,  Camille,  tuo. 

Ante  domus  Manli  fuerant :  qui  Gallica  quondam 
A  Capitolino  reppulit  arma  Jove. 

Quam  bene,  di  magni !  pugna  cecidisset  in  ilia 


170 


161.  Et  prceter  pennas,  SfC. 
Compare  Horat.  Sat.  ii.  2,  14, 
et  seq. 

162.  Ante.  Heinsius  conjec- 
tures Afra  or  Inda,  either  of 
which  would  agree  with  the  im- 
port of  miserat,  by  which  it  is  to 
be  understood  that  the  delicacies 
alluded  to  came  from  abroad  ;  so 
Virg.  Georg.  i.  57,  '  India  mittit 
ebur.'  As  the  text  stands,  miserat 
is  to  be  taken  in  the  sense  of 
prctbuerat. 

165.  Qua  duo  mixta.  Gr."Erv5; 
or  'Erv)}j«v  'i^ni/^ct.  Sextis  Kalen- 
dis. The  kalends  of  June,  the 
sixth  month. 

167.  Junoni  MonetcB.  Fast.  i.  N. 
573.  On  the  kalends  of  June  this 
temple  was  consecrated  by  Ca- 
millus  in  that  part  of  the  Capitol 
where  the  house  of  M.  Manli  us 
had  stood. 

168.  Voto  Camille  tuo.  SeeLiv. 
V.  vi.  and  vii. 

169.  Qui  Gallica  quondam. 
M.  Manlius  was  alarmed  by  the 
cackling  of  the  geese  in  the  tem- 
ple of  Juno,  in  time  to  hurl  from 
the  walls  the  Gaul  who  had  al- 
ready ascended,  whose  fall  pre- 
cipitated those  who  were  climb- 
ing after  him,  and  so  the  Capitol 
was  saved.     He  was  rewarded  by 


a  donation  of  half  a  pound  of 
corn  and  a  quart  of  wine  from 
each  individual  in  the  citadel ;  no 
slight  token  of  respect  and  regard 
from  those  who  were  suffering 
severely  from  the  great  scarcity 
of  provision  ;  he  received  also  in 
remembrance  of  this  achievement 
the  surname  Capitolinus.  His 
disposition  was  naturally  turbu- 
lent and  envious,  and  he  suffered 
himself  to  be  led  away  so  far  as 
to  aim  at  exciting  discontent  be- 
tween the  patricians  and  plebei- 
ans. He  was  convicted  of  having 
falsely  accused  some  of  the  no- 
bility, and  was  imprisoned  in 
consequence,  by  A.  Cornelius 
Cossus,  who  had  been  appointed 
dictator  to  take  charge  of  a  war 
with  the  Volsci,  and  to  quell  the 
commotions  caused  by  Manlius 
at  Rome.  Having  been  set  at 
liberty,  he  continued  his  seditious 
proceedings,  and  aspired  at  last 
to  sovereign  power,  for  which  he 
was  condemned  to  be  thrown 
from  the  Tarpeian  rock,  the  scene 
of  his  glory  having  been  chosen 
for  the  punishment  of  his  guilt. 
Virg.  jEneid,  viii.  652,  Liv. 
v.  31,  et  seq. 

171.  Quam  bene  Di  Magni,  8fc. 
See  Juvenal,  Sat.  10,278,  etseq. 
2e2 


282 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  VI. 


Defensor  solii,  Jupiter  alte,  tui ! 
Vixit,  ut  occideret  damnatus  crimine  regni. 
Hunc  illi  titulum  longa  senecta  dabat. 

MARTIS  FESTUM. 

Lux  eadem  Marti  festa  est ;  quern  prospicit  extra  175 

Appositum  Tectae  porta  Capena  viae. 

TExMPESTATI   ^DES  DICATA. 

Te  quoque,  Tempestas,  meritam  delubra  fatemur  ; 
Cum  p£Ena  est  Corsis  obruta  classis  aquis. 

ORITUR  AQUILA. 

Haec  hominum  monumenta  patent.     Si  quaeritis  astra ; 
Tunc  oritur  magni  praepes  adunca  Jovis.  1 80 


175.  Lux  eadem  Marti  festa. 
Oa  the  kalends  of  June,  a  sacri- 
fice was  offered  to  Mars,  outside 
the  Porta  Capena,  where  his 
temple  stood. 

176.  TectcE  vice.  Some  copies 
read  rectos,  others  dextrce,  but  the 
commentators  by  whom  these 
emendations  are  proposed,  do  not 
attempt  to  support  them.  The 
text  seems  unobjectionable  as  it 
stands,  taking  tecta  in  the  sense 
of  paved ;  no  uncommon  appli- 
tion  of  the  term  ;  Hist,  de  Bell. 
Alexand.  '  Alexandriae  ajdificia 
tecla  sunt  rudere,  aut  pavimen- 
tis.'  sc.  a  stone-floor,  Forcel. 
Auct.  de  B.  Hispan.  '  Omnia  loca 
rudere  non  tetrulis  teguntur ;'  sc. 
are  floored  with  rubbish  instead 
of  tiles.  Stephanas,  in  Thes.Ling. 
Lat.  explains  tcctoriuiii,  from  tego, 
as  a  mortar  composed  of  lime  and 
sand  ;  arenatum,  hoc  est  quod  fit 
ex  calce  et  arena  ;  as  opposed  to 
marmoratuin,  which  was  made  of 
lime  and  marble  dust,  of  which, 
with  some  other  ingredients,  the 
hardest  cement  was  formed.  The 
Appiaa  way,  that  alluded  to  ia 


the  text,  called,  »ar  s?»;^»»,  i?e- 
yina  viarum,  Liv.  ix.29,  was  paved 
with  the  hardest  flint  so  firmly, 
tiiat  in  several  places  it  is  still  en- 
tire, after  an  interval  of  above 
2000  years,  since  it  was  first  con- 
structed by  Appius  Claudius,  the 
censor,  a.  u.  441.  The  stones  of 
which  it  was  formed  were  of  dif- 
ferent sizes,  but  so  skilfully 
joined,  that  they  appeared  as  but 
one  stone.  There  were  two  strata 
underneath  ;  the  first  stratum  of 
rough  stones  cemented  with  mor- 
tar, and  the  second  with  gravel ; 
the  whole  about  three  feet  thick. 
Adam's  R.  Antiq.  Boyd's  edit 
pp.  493-6.  From  the  foregoing 
it  may  probably  be  allowed  that 
TecUe  via  admits  of  the  sense 
proposed  above. 

177.  Tempestas.  A  temple 
was  built  in  honour  of  this  deity 
by  L.  Scipio,  the  colleague  of  C. 
Aquilius  Florus  in  the  consul- 
ship, B.  c.  261,  in  gratitude  for  the 
escape  of  his  fleet  from  the  efi'ects 
of  a  violent  storm  while  laying 
siege  to  Sardinia  and  Corsica ; 
both  of  which    islands   he   laid 


PRID.  NON.  J  UN. 


283 


QUART.  NON.   JUN.    HYADES    ORIUNTUR. 

Postera  lux  Hyadas,  Tanrinse  cornua  frontis, 
Evocat :  et  raulta  terra  madescit  aqua. 

PRID.    NON.   JUN.  BELLON^   ^DES    SACRATA. 

Mane  ubi  bis  fuerit,  Phcebusque  iteraverit  ortus  : 

Factaque  erit  posito  rore  bis  uda  seges  ; 
Hac  sacrata  die  Tusco  Bellona  duello  185 

Dicitur,  et  Latio  prospera  semper  adest. 
Appius  est  auctor,  Pyrrho  qui  pace  negata 

Multum  animo  vidit ;  lumine  captus  erat. 
Prospicit  a  templo  summum  brevis  area  Circum. 

Est  ibi  non  parvae  parva  columna  notas.  190 


waste,  and  having  brought  a  num- 
ber of  captives  to  Rome,  had  the 
honour  of  a  triumph.    Flor.  ii.  2. 

180.  Tunc  oritur,  Sfc.  On  the 
evening  of  the  kalends  of  June, 
Aquila  rises. 

181.  Postera  lux.  On  the  iv. 
Non.  Jun.  the  Hyades  rise  heli- 
acally.  Taurince  cornua  frontis. 
A  synonym  for  Hijadas,  as  they 
were  situated  in  the  forehead  of 
the  Bull. 

183.  Mane  ubi  his  fuerit,  sc. 
Prid.  Id.  Jun.  a  temple  was  con- 
secrated to  Bellona,  the  sister 
and  wife  of  Mars,  and  goddess  of 
war;  called  also  Duellona,  as 
duellum  for  bellum  infr.  185,  near 
the  Circus  Maximus,  in  front  of 
the  Porta  Carmentalis.  It  had 
been  vowed  by  Appius  Claudius 
Cajcus  during  a  war  with  the 
Etrurians,  Liv.  x.  In  this  temple 
the  senate  gave  audience  to 
foreign  ambassadors,  and  others 
who  were  not  allowed  admission 
into  the  city  ;  the  ninth  district 
in  whicli  this  temple  was  situ- 
ated, not  having  been  considered 
a  part  of  the  metropolis  itself. 

187.  Pyrrho  qui  pace  negata. 
Pyrrhus,  king  of  Epirus  afforded 
assistance  to  the  Tarentiui  on  the 


occasion  of  war  having  been  de- 
clared against  them  by  the  Ro- 
mans. Upon  his  arrival  in  Italy 
he  was  joined  by  the  Samnites, 
Lucani,  and  Brutii,  with  whom 
he  overran  the  greater  part  of  the 
country.  He  then  offered  peace 
to  the  Romans  on  condition  of 
his  being  allowed  to  retain  the 
possessions  he  had  acquired  by 
his  conquests ;  they  were  dis- 
suaded from  accepting  his  pro- 
posals by  Appius,  of  whom  Va- 
lerius Maximus  writes ;  '  Qui  fes- 
sus  jam  vivendo,  lectica  se  in 
Curiam  deferri  jussit,  ut  cum 
Pyrrho  deformem  pacem  fieri  pro- 
hiberet.  Hunc  csecum  aliquis  no- 
minet,  a  quo  Patria,  quod  hones- 
tum  erat,  parum  per  se  cernens, 
coacta  est  pervidere  ?' 

189.  Summum  Circum.  The  ex- 
treme part  of  the  Circus.  Area. 
The  court  in  front  of  the  temple. 

190.  Parva  columna,  V/hen 
the  Romans  considered  them- 
selves injured  by  any  nation  in 
such  a  manner  as  to  require  re- 
dress, they  sent  one  or  more  of  the 
Feciales  to  demand  it,  allowing 
thirty-three  days  for  the  conside- 
ration of  their  claim.  The  Fecial 
order  of  priesthood  was  instituted 


284 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  VI. 


Hinc  solet  hasta  manu,  belli  praenuntia,  mitti ; 
In  regem  et  gentes  cum  placet  arma  capi. 


HERCULI  CUSTODI  iEDES  DICATA. 

Altera  pars  Cirei  custode  sub  Hercule  tuta  est : 
Quod  deus  Euboico  carmine  munus  habet. 

Muneris  est  tempus,  qui  Nonas  Lucifer  ante  est. 
Si  titulos  qua;ris ;  Sylla  probavit  opus. 


195 


by  Numa  Pompilius,  and  bor- 
rowed, according  to  Dionysius, 
from  the  Greeks ;  See  Liv.  i.  24, 
and  xxxvi.  3.  To  this  order  was 
assigned  every  thina^  relating  to 
the  proclamation  of  war,  and  con- 
cluding of  treaties.  Accordingly 
at  the  expiration  of  the  period 
alluded  to,  if  their  appeal  had 
been  ineffectual,  the  Feciales 
went  again  to  the  confines  of  the 
aggressors,  and  h;iving  thrown  a 
spear  dipped  in  blood  across  the 
boundaries,  made  a  declaration  of 
war.  Liv.  i.  32.  In  later  times, 
when  the  boundaries  of  the  Ro- 
man empire  became  so  widely 
extended,  and  their  arms  were 
carried  beyond  the  seas,  it  was 
found  impossible  to  adhere  so 
strictly  to  the  above  custom  ;  its 
spirit  and  intention,  however, 
were  preserved  by  the  erection 
of  a  small  pillar,  parva  columna, 
called  also  bellica,  in  front  of  the 
temple  of  Bellona,  over  which 
the  priest  threw  the  spear  into  a 
field  called  Ager  Hostilis,  to  sig- 
nify the  commencement  of  hos- 
tilities. The  form  of  words  in 
which  the  declaration  was  made, 
was  called  Clarigatic ,-  a  clara 
voce  qua  utehatur,  Serv.  Virg. 
j^neid,  ix.  52,  x.  1 4,  whence  also 
clarigatum,  i.  e.  res  raptas  dare 
repetitum. 

]  93.  Altera  pars  Circi.  The 
Circus  Flaminius  contained  also 
the  temple  of  Hercules  Magnus, 
as  appears  from  a  fragment  of  the 


old  kalendar ;   Herculi  Magno 

CCSTODI  IN  CiRCO  FlaMINO. 

194.  Euboico  carmine.  Pur- 
suant to  the  direction  of  the  Cu- 
maean  Sibyl,  in  compliance  with 
which  the  temple  was  built.  Nea- 
polis  conjectures  that  there  were 
two  temples  of  Hercules  in  the 
Circus  Flaminius,  one  built  by 
the  senate,  that  mentioned  above, 
and  the  other  by  Fulvius  Nobi- 
lior,  which  was  subsequently  re- 
stored by  Philip,  the  step-father 
of  Augustus;  infr.  744.  Munus. 
sc.  the  temple. 

\95.  Muneris  est  tempus.  This 
temple  was  dedicated  Prid.  Non. 
Jun. 

1 96.  Si  titulos  quceris,  SfC.  *  If 
you  require  tlie  superscription,  &c. 
Probavit.  This  term  was  peculiar 
to  the  office  of  the  Censors,  who 
having  the  charge  of  the  public 
buildings,  temples,  &c.  agreed  for 
their  erection,  and  sanctioned 
them,  if  deserving,  with  their 
approval  when  completed  ;  pro- 
bavcrunt  1.  e.  recte  et  ex  ordine 
facta  esse  pronunciaverunt.  In  this 
sense  it  must  be  applied  to  Sylla 
in  the  text.  According  to  Plu- 
tarch, he  dedicated  the  tenth  part 
of  his  immense  wealth  to  Her- 
cules, in  whose  honour  he  cele- 
brated sumptuous  public  festivals 

2uA.Xaj  TO)  'HaaxXsr  oiKaTn-t,  IfTia- 
ffilS,    i'TOlUTa    TU    "iyi/iu    ToXvTiX(7s. 

It  was  usual  for  those  who  had 
obtained  great  riches,  to  devote  a 


NON.  JUN. 


285 


NON.    JUN.    SANCO    FIDIO    SEMONI    PATRI    ^DES 
DICATA. 

Quaerebam  Nonas  Sanco  Fidione  referrem, 
An  tibi,  Semo  pater  ;  cum  mihi  Sancus  ait ; 

Cuicunque  ex  illis  dederis  ;  ego  munus  habebo. 

Nomina  trina  fero  :  sic  voluere  Cures.  200 

Hunc  igitur  veteres  donarunt  aede  Sabini, 
Inque  Quirinali  constituere  jugo. 


tenth  to  Hercules,  as  the  posses- 
sors were  believed  to  be  indebted 
to  him  for  the  whole;  whence, 
Horat.  Sat.  ii.  6, 12,  '  Dives  ami- 
00  Hercule.'  Pers.  2,  12,  «  O  si 
6ub  rastro  crepet  argenti  mihi  se- 
ria  dextro  Hercule;'  and  because 
that  deity  was  said  to  have  been 
pleased  with  a  moderate  use  of 
his  behests. 

197.  Queer eham Nonas,  ^c.  On 
the  Noues,  a  temple  had  been  de- 
dicated to  Sancus,  Fidius,  or 
Semo  ;  the  poet  is  at  a  loss  to 
which  of  them  he  should  appro- 
priate the  day,  until  informed  that 
the  three  names  belonged  to  the 
one  deity,  Sancus.  This  was  the 
Sabine  name  for  Hercules ;  it  is 
written  also  Sangus,  and  Sanctus, 
but  more  correctly  as  above.  This 
deity  was  so  called  a  sanciendo ; 
Propert.  iv.  10,  sub. Jin.  'Nunc 
quoniam  manibus  purgatum  sanx- 
erat  orbem  sic  Sancum  Tatise 
composuere  Cures. '  Sabus,  from 
whom  the  Sabines  are  said  to  have 
derived  their  name ;  Sit.  Ital.  viii. 
423,  ' — pars  laudes  ore  ferebant 
Sabe  tuas ;  qui  de  patrio  cogno- 
mine  primus  Dixisti  populos  mag- 
na ditione  Sabinos;'  was  the  son 
of  Sancus  Dioni/s.  Halic.  Antiq. 
ii.  51.  Fidius  or  Dius  Fidius  is 
applied  to  Hercules  as  the  son  of 
Jove,  Dijovis  filius  ;  in  like  man- 
ner as  the  Greeks  called  Castor 
At'offKov^ov,  I  having  been  changed 
into  (/.  Hence  arose  the  oath  Me- 


dius  Fidius,  i.  e.  Me  dius  Fidius 
juvet ;  as  mehercules,  niecustor,  i.e. 
me  Hercules,  me  Castor  juvet  or 
amet.  Some  however  explain  me- 
dius,  by  the  Greek  fio.  Aim,  per 
Jovem  ;  others  by  medius  fidius 
understand,  per  divifidem,  or  per 
diurni  temporis,  i.  e.  diei  fidem. 
Fidius  is  further  explained  by 
fidus  or  fidelis  from  the  Aio;  Uia-- 
rioi,  Dius  Fidius,  of  the  Greeks. 
<Se»io  is  a  contraction  of  Semiho- 
mo,  or  semihemo ;  hemonem  occur- 
ring for  horniriem,  Fnn.  apud 
Priscian.  vi.  p.  683.  Putsch. ;  as 
nemo  from  we  homo  or  heme,  and 
was  used  by  the  ancients  to  ex- 
press a  deified  mortal,  the  n^as  of 
the  Greeks ;  it  was  applied  to 
Hercules  in  reference  to  his  hav- 
ing been  enrolled  among  the  gods 
after  he  had  terminated  his  earth- 
ly career.  For  Semo  pater,  198, 
some  copies  read  Seviipater,  but 
incorrectly. 

2Q\.  Donarunt adeSahini.  The 
poet  differs  in  thus  attributing  the 
founding  of  this  temple  to  the 
Sabines,  from  the  historian  Dio- 
nysius,  who  asserts  it  to  have 
been  built  by  Tarquinius  Su- 
perbus  on  the  Quirinal  hill,  l^r) 
ToZ  'EvvaXiov  Xo(pou;  but  the  credit 
of  its  consecration  was,  by  a  de- 
cree of  the  senate,  given  to  the 
consul  Spurius  Postumius,  a.  u. 
298,  probably  from  dislike  to 
Tarquin. 


286 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  VI. 


NUBERE   INFAUSTUM. 

Est  mihi,  sitque,  precor,  nostris  diuturnior  annis, 

Filia :  qua  felix  sospite  semper  ero. 
Hanc  ego  cum  vellem  genero  dare  :  tempora  tsedis 

Apta  requirebam,  quaeque  cavenda  forent. 
Tum  mihi  post  sacras  monstratur  Junius  Idus 

Utilis  et  nuptis,  utilis  esse  viris. 
Primaque  pars  hujus  thalamis  aliena  reperta  est. 

Nam  mihi  sic  conjux  sancta  Diahs  ait : 
Donee  ab  Ihaca  placidus  purgamina  Vesta 

Detulerit  flavis  in  mare  Thybris  aquis  ; 
Non  mihi  detonsos  crines  depectere  buxo, 

Non  ungues  ferro  subsecuisse  Hcet : 


205 


210 


203.  Est  mihi  filia,  ^c.  In  dif- 
ferent parts  of  his  compositions 
the  poet  speaks  in  affectionate 
terms  of  his  daughter  Perilla  ; 
the  seventh  elegy  in  the  third 
book  of  the  Tristia  is  addressed 
to  her,  and  contains  directions  for 
her  mental  improvement,  with 
encouragement  to  aim  at  the  im- 
mortality which  taste  and  genius 
only  can  confer;  ' — nil  non  mor- 
tale  tenemus.  Pectoris  exceptis 
ingeniique  bonis.'  Trist.  7.  43,  et 
seq.  She  was  twice  married ; 
♦  Filia  me  mea  bis  prima  fecunda 
juventa,  Sed  non  ex  uno  conjuge 
fecit  avum.'  Trist.  One  of  her 
husbands  appears  to  have  been  a 
senator ;  Senec.  de  Constant.  Sa- 
pient, xvii.  '  In  senatu  flentem 
vidimus  Fidum  Cornelium,  Na- 
sonis  generum. 

206.  Cavenda.  Timenda.  Ber- 
nens. 

207.  Post  sacras  Idus.  It  was 
considered  inauspicious  to  marry 
previous  to  the  ides  of  June,  the 
remaining  portion  of  the  month 
was  not  liable  to  this  objection. 
Heinsius  proposes  to  read  post 
actas  idus,  as  the  text  seems  to 
contradict  what  has  been  stated 
Fast,  i.  NN,  58,  59  ;  where  it  ap- 
pears that  the  days  immediately 


after  the  kalends,  nones  and  ides 
were  reckoned  unlucky,  so  that 
the  day  after  the  ides  of  June 
could  not  be  said,  utilis  esse  nup- 
tis, S^c.  Besides  from  .v.  213,  infr. 
it  is  evident  that  the  day  alluded 
to,  xviii.  Kal.  Jul.  is  included 
among  the  dies  atri,  so  that  post 
sacras  idus  must  be  taken  in  a 
more  extended  sense,  as  referring 
to  the  concluding  part  of  the 
month,  and  not  to  the  day  suc- 
ceeding the  ides. 

209.  Hujus.  sc.  mensis  Junii 

210.  Sancta  Dialis.  Or  Cincta. 
Heins.  See  Fast.  iii.  n.  .395-6. 

211.  Donee  ab  Iliaca,  |-c — 
'  Stercus  ex  aede  Vest»,  xvii. 
Kal.  Jul.  defertur  in  angiportum 
medium  fere  clivi  Capitolini :  qui 
locus  clauditur  porta  Stercoraria. 
Tantae  sanctitatis  majores  nostri 
esse  judicaverunt.'  Festus  .•  with 
whom  Varro  agrees  as  to  the 
place  in  which  those  cleansings 
were  deposited.  The  poet,  as  it 
appears,  differs  from  both ;  see 
also  infr.  655.  It  is  evident  both 
from  the  above  and  what  follows, 
that  up  to  the  xvii.  Kal.  Jul  it 
was  unlawful  to  contract  marriage. 

213.  Detonsos  crines  depectere. 
To  dress  or  trim  the  hair  after  it 
had  been  cut ;  Burmann  explains 


SEXT.  ID.  J  UN. 

Non  tetigisse  virum  ;  quamvis  Jovis  ille  sacerdos, 
Quamvis  perpetua  sit  mihi  lege  datus. 

Tu  quoque  ne  propera ;  melius  tua  filia  nubet, 
Ignea  cum  pura  Vesta  nitebit  humo. 


287 
215 


LUDI  TIBERINI. 

Tertia  post  Nonas  removere  Lycaona  Phoebe 
Fertur  ;  et  a  tergo  non  habet  Ursa  metum. 

Tunc  ego  me  memini  ludos  in  gramine  Campi 
Aspicere,  et  didici,  lubrice  Tibri,  tuos. 

Festa  dies  illis,  qui  lina  madentia  ducunt, 
Quique  tegunt  parvis  aera  recurva  cibis. 


220 


SEXT.  ID.  JUN.  MENTI  iEDES   DICATA. 

Mens  quoque  numen  habet ;  Menti  delubra  videmus 

Vota  metu  belli,  perfide  Poene,  tui. 
Poene,  rebellaras  ;  et  letho  Consulis  omnes 

Attoniti  Mauras  pertimuere  manus. 


225 


detonsos  crines,  by  tantum  extrema 
parte  detonsos,  i.  e.  ne  luxurient 
nimis  et  ne  intricati  et  densi  nimis 
caput  deforment,  Buxo.  Gr,  ktiU 

215.  Jovis  ille  sacerdos.  The 
Flamen  Dialis. 

216.  Perpetua  lege.  See  Fast. 
ii.  N.  27. 

218.  Pura  humo.   Supr.  n.  21 1. 

219.  Tertia  post  Nonas.  On 
the  VII.  Id.  Jun.  Arctophylax 
sets,  in  the  morning.  Fast.  ii.  N. 
153.  Lycaona,  for  Li/caonida, 
Areas  having  been  the  grandson 
of  Lycaon  ;    so  Pindar,  iv.  Neni. 

32,  ' AfiC,(piT^uciiv  for  '  Afit.<piT^tjavi^yi;, 

and   X.    Olynap.  42,  MoXiovi;  for 

220.  Non  habet  Ursa  metum. 
In  allusion  to  Areas  having  nearly 
killed  Callisto  after  she  had  been 
transformed  into  a  bear ;  Fast.  ii. 
N.  157.  She  had  nothing  to  fear 
now,  the  sign  into  which  her  son 
was  changed  having  set. 


221.  Tunc  ego  me  memini,  Sfc. 
—  Upon  the  same  day  the  Ludi 
Tibrales  were  celebrated  in  the 
Campus  Martius,  in  honour  of 
the  river  Tiber,  and  also  the  Pis- 
catorii  Ludi,  or  festival  of  Fish- 
ermen. 

224.  u^ra  recurva.  TvafiTrx 
ayKia-T^a.   Horn. 

225.  Mens  quoque  numen  habet. 
After  the  miserable  overthrow  of 
the  Roman  army  by  Hannibal, 
near  the  lake  Trasimene,  where 
the  consul  C.  Flaminius  was  slain, 
B.C.217,  in  the  second  Punic  war; 
whence  Poene,  rebellaras,  infr.  ; 
the  Sibylline  books  were  con- 
sulted, and,  by  the  direction  of  the 
Decemvirs,  a  temple  was  vowed  to 
Mens  by  Attilius  the  praetor,  and 
consecrated  by  Otacilius  Crassus. 
In  the  same  year  the  temple  was 
dedicated  to  Venus  Erycina  by 
Q.  Fabius  Maximus. 

228.  Mauras.  so.  Carthagi- 
nenses. 


288  FASTORUM,  LIB.  VL 

Spem  Metus  expulerat :  cum  Menti  vota  Senatus 

Suscipit ;  et  melior  protinus  ilia  venit.  230 

Aspicit  instantes  mediis  sex  lucibus  Idus 
Ilia  dies,  qua  sunt  vota  soluta  Deae. 

QUINT.  ID.  JUN.  VESTALIA. 

Vesta,  fave  ;  tibi  nunc  operata  resolvimus  ora ; 

Ad  tua  si  nobis  sacra  venire  licet. 
In  prece  totus  eram  ;  ccelestia  numina  sensi,  235 

Laetaque  purpurea  luce  refulsit  humus. 
Non  equidem  vidi  (valeant  mendacia  vatum) 

Te  Dea ;  nee  fueras  aspicienda  viro. 
Sed  quae  nescieram,  quorumque  errore  tenebar, 

Cognita  sunt,  nuUo  praecipiente,  mihi.  240 

Dena  quater  memorant  habuisse  Palilia  Romam, 

Cum  flammas  custos  sede  recepta  sua  est. 
Regis  opus  placidi,  quo  non  metuentius  ullum 

Numinis  ingenium  terra  Sabina  tulit. 
Qua;  nunc  aere  vides,  stipula  tunc  tecta  videres  :  245 

Et  paries  lento  vimine  textus  erat. 
Hie  locus  exiguus,  qui  sustinet  atria  Vestae, 

Tunc  erat  intonsi  regia  magna  Nuraae. 
Forma  tamen  templi,  quae  nunc  manet,  ante  fuisse 

Dicitur  :  et  formse  causa  probanda  subest.  250 

Vesta  eadem  est,  quae  Terra ;  subest  vigil  ignis  utrique  ; 

230.  Melior  ilia.  sc.  Mens.  In         237.  Non  equidem  vidi,  Sfc.  See 

allusion  to  the  judicious  conduct  mh.211.  Valeant  mendacia  vatum. 

of  Q.  Fabius  Maximus,  surnamed  Farewell  to  the  poets'  fictions. 
Cunctator,  who,   as   prodictator,         l^l.Denarjuater  memorant, See 

undertook  the  war  with  Hannibal  After  forty  anniversaries  of  the 

after  the  battle  of  Trasimene.  Palilia,  Fast.iv.  695,  i.e.  f  .c.  40, 

2S1.  Aspicit  insta7ites,^'c.  That  the  worship  of  Vesta  was  intro- 

day,  VII.  Id.  Jun.  beholds  the  ides  duced    by    Numa    into    Rome ; 

approaching  with  an  interval  of  whence  Begis  opus  placidi,  &c. 
six  days.  247.    Qui  sustinet  atria  VesttB. 

232.  De(E.  sc.  Menti.  The  atrium  was  that  part  of  the 

233,  Vesta,  fave.  On  the  v.  Id.  regia,  in  which  the  Vestal  virgins 
Jan.  was  the  celebration  of  the  lived;  the  poet  appears  to  iden- 
Vestalia.   Operata.  Employed  in  tify  them. 

sacred  subjects;  this  is  a  sense  249.  Forma  tamen  templi,  ^'c. 

peculiar  to  operor.    Virg.  Gtorg.  The  temple  was  round,  for  the 

i.  339, '  Sacra  refer  Cereri,  laetus  reasons  subjoined, 

operatus  inherbis.'  251.  Vesta  eadem  est,  qua  Ter- 

236.  Purpurea  luce.     Flame-  ra.    See  Fast.  i.  n.  478,  and  iii. 

coloured  light.  K.  45.  also  infr.  vs.  275,  and  414, 


QUINT.  ID.  JUN. 


289 


Significant  sedem  terra  focusque  suam. 
Terra  pilae  similis,  nullo  fulcimine  nixa, 

Acre  subjecto  tam  grav3  pendet  onus- 
Ipsa  volubilitas  libratum  sustinet  orbem  :  255 

Quique  premat  partes,  angulus  omnis  abest. 
Cumque  sit  in  media  rerum  regione  locata, 

Et  tangat  nullum  plusve  minusve  latus  ; 
Ni  convexa  foret,  parti  vicinior  esset : 

Nee  medium  terram  mundus  haberet  onus.  260 

Arte  Syracosia  suspensus  in  acre  clauso 


where  the  poet  appears  to  con- 
found Vesta,  the  earth,  with 
Vesta,  the  principle  of  fire. 

252.  Significant,  ^c.  The  earth 
being  in  the  centre  of  the  world, 
and  the  tire  of  Vesta  in  the  mid- 
dle of  the  temple  mutually  inti- 
mate their  respective  positions. 

254.  A'e're  subjecto.  The  earth 
having  been  entirely  encompassed 
by  the  aer,  or  atmosphere  ;  aer  is 
derived  by  sonae  «^o  tov  ai^nv, 
quod  terram  ferat,  vel  quod  ab 
ipsaferatur;  see  n.  261,  infr.  a 
med.  an  etymology  which  suits 
the  text  as  supr.  Others  derive 
it  from  einui,  spiro  or  u.i)  jiiuv, 
semper  fluere. 

255.  Ipsa  volubilitas,  See.  This, 
and  the  five  following  lines,  are 
not  to  be  found  in  the  oldest  and 
most  authentic  copies.  They  are 
intended  to  express  the  earth's 
being  kept  in  equilibrium  by  its 
roundness,  volubilitas ;  there  being 
no  angle  to  make  it  bear  in  any 
direction  unequally,  Quique  pre- 
mat paries,  ^'c. 

257.  Serum.   Of  the  svstem. 

259.  A7  convexa  foret,  ^c.  The 
poet  is  desirous  to  shew  that  in 
order  to  its  being  the  exact  centre 
of  the  system,  the  earth  must  be 
round ;  otherwise  it  would  not  be 
the  medium  onus  of  the  universe. 
Parti  may  be  used  for  parte,  '  in 
some  degree,'  as  Plaut.  Men.  3, 
2,  14,  '  Satur  nunc  loquitur  de 
me,  et  de  parti  mea.' 


260.  Mundus.  qu.  movendus, 
quia  non  alius  est,  quam  quod 
moveri  possit ;  Festus ,-  the  uni- 
verse ;  '  —  ingens  illud  corpus 
ccelo  terraque  constans,  perfectum 
undique,  itaque  omnia  in  se  com- 
plexus  ;'  Forcel.  and  Cic.  de  TVat. 
Deor.  ii.  I4,  '  ut  nihil  sit,  quod 
non  insit  in  eo  ;'  sc.  mundo. 

261.  Arte  Si/racosia.  Archi- 
medes, one  of  the  most  distin- 
guished geometricians  of  anti- 
quity, was  a  native  of  Syracuse, 
born  B.C.  291.  He  is  said  to  have 
formed  a  sphere  of  exquisite 
workmanship,  by  means  of  which 
he  illustrated  the  relative  posi- 
tions and  movements  of  the  earth, 
planets,  &c.  ;  upon  which  Clau- 
dian  composed  the  well-known 
epigram  ;  '  Jupiter  in  parvo  cum 
cerneret  aethera  vitro  Risit  et  ad 
superos  talia  dicta  dedit,'  &c. 
Hence  it  would  appear  to  have 
been  formed  of  glass,  but  some 
authorities  are  opposed  to  this  ; 
Lactantius,  lib.  ii.  cap.  v.  writes 
as  follows  ;  '  Archimedes  Siculus 
coniavo  sere  similitudinem  acfigu- 
ram  potuit  machinari,  in  quo  ita 
Solem  Lunamque  composuit  ;' 
&c.  Sextus  Empiricus  states  it 
to  have  been  made  of  wood,  and 
Coelius  Rhodiginus,  of  brass ; 
'  Archimedis  ingenium  divinum, 
in  mundi  opificio  Deum,  fere  ip- 
sum  lacessere  visum  est,  quando 
tam  concinne  Coelum  conflasse 
aereum  memoratur,'  &c.  Of  what- 

2  C 


290 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  VI. 


Stat  globus,  immensi  parva  figura  poli. 
Et  quantum  a  summis,  tantum  secessit  ab  imis 

Terra.     Quod  ut  fiat,  forma  rotunda  facit. 
Par  facies  templi :  nullus  procurrit  in  illo  265 

Angulus.     A  pluvio  vindicat  imbre  tholus. 
Cur  sit  virgineis,  quaeris,  dea  culta  ministris  ? 

Inveniam  causas  hac  quoque  parte  suas. 
Ex  Ope  Junonem  memorant  Cereremque  creatas 

Semine  Saturni :  tertia  Vesta  fuit.  270 

Utraque  nupserunt ;  ambae  peperisse  feruntur  : 


ever  material  it  may  have  been 
constructed,  the  concluding  part 
of  the  line  in  aere  clauso  has  no- 
thing to  say  to  it,  although  these 
words  are  explained  by  an  acute 
critic  as  referring  to  the  '  sphere 
having  been  enclosed  in  a  glass- 
case  !'  How  this  allusion  is  to  be 
made  reconcilable  to  the  sense 
of  the  terms,  does  not  so  immedi- 
ately appear.  Some  of  the  classical 
commentators  explain  in  aere  clau- 
so, by  in  ipsa  templi  concavitate ; 
others  by  amhitu  ccele&tium.  circu- 
lorum  •  hoc  est,  quibns  Archimedes 
ccelorum  inotus  imitattis  est.  Ovid. 
Op.  Franco/,  apud  Claud.  Mam. 
Ed.  1601;  while  the  greater  num- 
ber either  pass  the  difficulty  alto- 
gether, or  account  for  it  unsatis- 
factorily. The  latter  of  the  two 
senses  given  above  seems  not  in- 
consistent with  the  signification 
of  aer  as  given  by  Cicero  ;  '  ele- 
mentum  illud,  quod  medium  spa- 
tium  complet  inter  caelum,  et  ter- 
ram  ;'  whence  by  aere  clauso  may 
be  understood  the  air,  in  which 
the  terra  or  centre  of  the  system 
according  to  Archimedes,  stood ; 
and  which  was  enclosed  between 
it  and  the  orbits  in  which  the 
planets  were  made  to  move.  This 
sense  is  further  confirmed  by  the 
description  of  the  sphere  as  given 
by  Martianus  Capella,  Satyricon 
Sfc.  lib.  vi.  '  Tellus  qu»  rapidum 
consistens  suscipit  orbem  Puncti 
instar  medio  hajserat  ima  loco. 
Hanc  tenet  et  vitreis  (inconstant) 


circumvolitabilis  auris  Aer  com- 
plectens  imbrificabat  aquis ;'  and 
again  ;  '  Texerat  exterior  qui  ful- 
get,  circulus  orbis  jEtheris  astri- 
fico  sidera  multa  peplo ;'  upon 
which  Cicero  may  agrain  be  quoted 
in  illustration  of  the  sense  as  above 
proposed  ;  '  Aerem  amplectitur 
immensus  aether  qui  constat  altis- 
simus  ignibus,'  and  again  ;  '  Re- 
stat  ultimus  omnia  cingens  et 
coercens  coeli  complexus  qui  idem 
aether  vocatur.'  Hence  aere  clauso 
may  be  explained  as  the  air  or 
atmosphere,  in  which  the  earth 
was  supposed  to  rest,  as  supr. 
254,  and  which  was  consequently 
enclosed  between  the  earth  and 
the  caelum  or  cether,  in  which  the 
paths  of  the  planets  were  de- 
scribed. 

263.  Et  quantum  a  summis,  Sfc. 
Supr.  259. 

266.  Tholus.  A  cupola;  whence 
the  temple  was  called  Haos  ioXo- 

iiir,;. 

267.  Cur  sit  virgineis,  Sfc.  The 
poet  gives  two  reasons  for  Vesta's 
having  been  attended  by  virgins  ; 
one,  because  she  was  unmarried 
herself,  the  other  because  she  is 
identified  with  fire,  from  which 
nothing  is  produced ;  to  which 
two  others  may  be  added  from 
Cicero  ;  '  Vestae  colenda;  virgi- 
nes  prsesunt,  ut  advigiletur  faci- 
lius  ad  custodiam  ignis,  et  senti- 
ant  mulieres  in  natura  feniinarum 
omnem  castitatem  pati.' 

271.   Utraque.  Juno  and  Ceres. 


QUINT.  ID.  JUN. 


291 


De  tribus  impatiens  restitit  una  viri. 
Quid  mirum,  virgo  si  virgine  laeta  ministra 

Admittit  castas  in  sua  sacra  manus  ? 
Nee  tu  aliud  Vestam,  quam  vivam  intellige  flamtnam.   275 

Nataque  de  flamma  corpora  nulla  vides. 
Esse  diu  stultus  Vestae  simulacra  putavi : 

Mox  didici  curvo  nulla  subesse  tholo. 
Ignis  inexstinctus  templo  celatur  in  illo. 

Effigiem  nullam  Vesta,  nee  ignis,  habent.  280 

Stat  vi  terra  sua  :  vi  stando  Vesta  vocatur. 

Causaque  par  Graii  nominis  esse  potest. 
At  focus  a  flammis,  et,  quod  fovet  omnia,  dietus : 

Qui  tamen  in  primis  aedibus  ante  fuit. 
Hinc  quoque  vestibulum  dici  reor  :  inde  precando         285 

AfFamur  Vestam,  quae  loca  prima  tenes. 
Ante  focos  olim  longis  considere  scamnis 


277.  Esse  diu  stultusVesta,Scc. 
See  Fast.  i.  n.  477,  and  Fast.  iii. 
N.  45.  The  worship  of  Vesta, 
and  the  Eternal  Fire,  as  has  been 
elsewhere  observed,  was  intro- 
duced into  Rome  by  Numa ;  '  a 
prince,'  as  Spence  remarks,  '  who 
was  too  philosophical  to  admit  of 
any  statues  at  all,  either  as  the 
objects  of  devotion,  or  as  helps 
to  it.  He  thought  that  method 
liiore  likely  to  debase  the  gods 
than  to  assist  mankind  ;'  in  proof 
of  which  may  be  adduced  the  fol- 
lowing passage  from  Plutarch  ; 
in  Num.  p.  Go,  Ed.  Steph.  Par, 

1624;  AiiK&iXufflM  avS^(ii<7roiiori  xat 
^uofiOff(pov  iixosia  6iov  roi;  'Pufia'tois 
tofii^tiv,  ouo  nv  zrai  auTdls  ouri/ypccTr- 
Toy,  ouTi  rrXafTov  iioo;  6tov  z^portpoi/. 
'AA.X'  iKari)/  ipiho/inxoyra  rois  T^u- 
Tais  'iniri  vaov;  fiXv  olxtihofiisufiivoi 
iiinXauv,  koi  xaXid^ccs  h^as  i/rruvTi;, 

v«i  iitriXouy,  whence  it  may  be 
concluded  that  Vesta,  as  identi- 
fied with  the  eternal  fire,  was 
only  worshipped  under  such  a 
semblance. 

281.  Vi  stando  Vesta  vocatur. 
See  Fast.  i.  n.  478,  sub.  fin. 


283.  Focus.  Derived  by  the 
poet,  qu.  fovicus,  a  fovendo ;  as 
cherishing  the  fire,  or  other  things 
by  the  fire  which  it  contains.  It 
may  also  come  from  (piui;  ;  one 
of  the  senses  of  <pus,  according 
to  Donnegan,  being,  'a  blazing 
hearth  ;'  as  specus,  from  irrios. 
Others  derive  it  from  (payu,  to 
roast,  or  boil. 

284.  Primis  adibus.  The  ves- 
tibulum, infr.  so  called,  according 
to  the  poet,  from  its  having  been 
consecrated  to  Vesta,  286,  infr. 
from  which  it  may  be  derived, 
as  tkuribulum  from  thus;  thuris. 
Here  also  the  fire  was  kept  burn- 
ing. 

285. Inde  precando,  Sfc.  Thence 
in  supplication  we  address  Vesta, 
'  0  thou  who  dwellest  in  the 
porch.'  This  was  doubtless  the 
commencement  of  a  form  of 
prayer  used  at  the  sacred  rites  of 
that  deity.  Various  emendations 
are  proposed  for  Affamur  Vestam, 
286,  which  appears  much  less  ob- 
jectionable however  than  any  of 
the  suggested  corrections. 

287.  Longis  considere  scamnis. 
The    Romans    originally   sat   at 


292 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  VI. 


Mos  erat,  et  mensae  credere  adesse  deos. 
Nunc  quoque,  cum  fiunt  antiquae  sacra  Vacunae, 

Ante  Vacunales  stantque  sedentque  focos.  290 

Venit  in  hos  annos  aliquid  de  more  vetusto : 

Fert  missos  Vestae  pura  patella  cibos. 
Ecce  coronatis  pan  is  dependet  asellis  ; 

Et  velant  scabras  florida  serta  mola». 
Sola  prius  furnis  torrebant  farra  coloni ;  295 

Et  Fornacali  sunt  sua  sacra  deae. 
Suppositum  cineri  panem  focus  ipse  parabat ; 

Strataque  erat  tepido  tegula  quassa  solo. 
Inde  focuni  servat  pistor,  dominamque  focorum, 

Et  quae  pumiceas  versat  asella  molas.  300 

Quam  tu,  Diva  memor,  de  pane  monilibus  ornas  : 

Cessat  opus  :  vacuae  conticuere  molae. 


their  meals,  and  also  tbe  Greeks ; 
Horn.  Odyss.  i.  iii.  &c.  Tac.  Mot. 
Ger.  22,  so  Isidorus,  in  Varr.  vit. 
Pop.  Roman.  '  Majores  nostri 
sedentes  epulabantur  ;  quera  mo- 
rem  habuerunt  a  Laconibus  et 
Cretensibus.'  The  custom  of  re- 
clining on  couches  was  intro- 
duced from  the  east,  and  at  first 
was  only  adopted  by  men,  but  was 
subsequently  allowed  to  women. 
Scamnum,  literally  a  stool,  or 
small  flight  of  steps,  is  to  be  un- 
derstood in  the  text  as  a  bench  or 
form. 

289.  VacuncE.  The  goddess  of 
leisure  and  indolence  ;  she  is 
identified  by  some  with  Diana,  or 
Ceres,  by  others  with  Venus. 
After  the  harvest  had  been  ga- 
thered in,  she  was  worshipped  by 
the  husbandmen,  chiefly  among 
the  Sabines,  in  sign  of  their  re- 
pose throuirh  the  ensuing  winter. 
She  had  a  temple  and  an  annual 
festival  at  Rome. 

291.  De  more  vetusto.  This  is 
to  be  taken  in  reference  to  what 
follows  ;  the  ancient  custom  of 
making  an  off'ering  at  all  sacrifices 


to  Vesta  having  been  adhered  to 
at  the  Ludi  Pistorii  ;  whence 
Jndefocum  servat  pistor,  &c.  299, 
infr. 

293.  Ecce  coronatis  panis.  Sec. 
In  allusion  to  the  custom  of  or- 
namenting with  garlands  of  flow- 
ers such  animals  as  were  required 
to  take  part  in  the  festival  of  any 
deity ;  see  Fast.  i.  599. 

295.  Solapriusfurnistorrebant, 
§-c.   See  Fast.  ii.  N.  407. 

297.  Suppositum  cineri  panem, 
§-c.  Formerly,  the  poet  says,  they 
only  used  the  furni,  or  ovens,  for 
drying  the  grain,  while  the  bread 
was  baked  between  pieces  of 
broken  tiles,  tfgulce  guassce,  over 
and  under  which  were  strewed 
hot  embers  from  the  hearth  ; 
whence  Inde  focum  servat,  &c. 
There  were  no  bakers  at  Rome 
before  a.  u.  580  ;  the  Romans, 
chiefly  the  women,  made  their 
own  bread. 

299.  Dominamque  focorum. — 
Vesta. 

300.  Pumiceas.  Rough  as  pu- 
mice-stone ;  scabras,  supr.  294. 

301.  De  pane  monilibus  ornas. 


QUNT.  ID.  JUN. 


2d3 


ARA  JOVI    PISTORI   POSITA. 

Nomine,  quam  pretio,  celebratior  arce  Tonantis, 

Dicam,  Pistoris  quid  velit  ara  Jovis. 
Cincta  premebantut  trucibus  Capitolia  Gallis  : 

Fecerat  obsidio  jam  diuturna  famem. 
Jupiter,  ad  solium  Superis  regale  vocatis, 

Incipe,  ait  Marti.     Protinus  ille  refert : 
Scilicet  ignotum  est,  quae  sit  fortuna  meorum, 

Et  dolor  hie  animi  voce  querentis  eget  ? 
Si  tamen,  ut  referam  breviter  mala  juncta  pudori, 

Exigis  ;  Alpino  Roma  sub  hoste  jacet. 
Haec  est,  cui  fuerat  promissa  potentia  rerum, 


305 


310 


In  allusion  to  a  species  of  loaf  in 
the  form  of  a  ring,  which  used  to 
be  put  over  the  head  of  the  ass, 
and  worn  like  a  collar  round  the 
neck.  Flavius  Vopiscus  describes 
a  nearly  similar  kind  of  loaf,  when 
referring  to  the  distribution  of 
bread  to  the  people  by  the  empe- 
ror Aurelian  ;  '  Non  prsetermit- 
tenduni  videtur  coronas  eum  fe- 
cisse  de  panibus  qui  nunc  siligi- 
nei  (made  of  siligo,  or  tine  wheat) 
vocantur,  et  singulis  quibusque 
donasse,  ita  ut  siligineum  suum 
quotidie  toto  sevo  sue,  et  unus- 
quisque  reciperet,  et  posteris  suis 
dimitteret.' 

303.  Nomine  quam  pretio  cele- 
bratior, ^c.  More  distinguished 
in  name  than  in  fact.  The  poet 
proceeds  to  account  for  the  erec- 
tion of  the  altar  to  Jupiter  Pistor. 
Niebuhr,  Rom.  Hist.  vol.  ii.  546. 
'  The  famine  (during  the  siege  of 
the  Capitol  by  the  Gauls)  had 
reached  such  a  height,  that  the 
besieged  had  begun  to  eat  the 
leather  of  their  shields  and  the 
soles  of  their  shoes,  when  the 
Gauls  gave  ear  to  an  offer  of  a 
sum  of  money  as  the  price  of 
their  evacuating  the  city.  So  long 
as  they  hoped  by  nerseveranee  to 
eam  poss'^ssiin  of  a!!  the  treasures 
in  the  Capitol,  as  well  as  ot  cap- 


tives of  rank,  who  would  have 
been  ransomed  by  such  of  their 
relations  as  had  made  their  escape, 
or  by  their  friends  in  other  cities, 
they  had  scorned  every  proposal 
calling  on  them  to  be  satisfied 
with  a  part.  But  their  host  was 
melting  away :  they  received  in- 
telligence that  the  Venetians, 
taking  advantage  of  the  absence 
of  their  fighting  men,  had  invaded 
their  territory :  and  if  Brennus 
had  sent  a  portion  of  his  troops 
back  to  the  Po,  the  forces  col- 
lected at  Veil  might  easily  have 
relieved  the  city.  As  the  Moors 
in  the  Spanish  ballad,  when  the 
knight,  after  a  seven  years' 
siege,  threw  the  only  loaf  in  his 
castle  at  them,  abandoned  their 
undertaking  and  decamped,  so 
the  Roman  lays  fabled  that  Ju- 
piter in  a  vision  prompted  the 
distressed  garrison  to  bake  their 
whole  stock  of  flour  into  bread, 
and  to  pelt  the  loaves  like  stones 
at  the  besiegers,  that  they  obeyed 
his  behest,  and  that  the  Gauls 
were  thus  led  to  believe  that  their 
enemies  were  rolling  in  abun- 
dance. It  was  agreed  that  they 
should  receive  a  thousand  pounds 
of  gold  to  quit  Rome  and  its  ter- 
ritory. ' 

313.  Cui  fuerat  promissa  poten- 
2  c2 


294 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  VI. 


Jupiter?  banc  terris  impositurus  eras  ? 
Jamqiie  Suburbanos,  Hetruscaque  contudit  arma. 

Spes  erat  in  cursu  :  nunc  Lare  pulsa  suo  est. 
Vidimus  ornatos,  aerata  per  atria,  picta 

Veste,  triumphales  occubuisse  senes. 
Vidimus  Iliacaj  transferri  pignora  Vestae 

iia.  Virg.  JEneid,  i.  278.  '  His 
ego  nee  metas  rerum  nee  lempora 
pono  ;   Imperium  sine   fine   dedi.' 

315.  Suburbanos.  The  Romans 
had  already  conquered  the  Sa- 
bines,  Ceninenses,  Fidenates, 
Volsci,  &c.  Hetruscaque  arma. 
Falisci  and  Veii. 

316.  Spes  erat  in  cursu.  The 
hope  of  extending  the  limits  of 
the  empire  was  in  progress  to- 
wards fulfilment.  Nunc  Lare  pulsa 
suo  est.  Because  the  citizens  were 
driven  from  their  abodes  to  take 
refuge  in  the  Capitol. 

317.  u^rata  per  atria.  The 
halls,  whose  doors  were  covered  or 
adorned  with  brass;  so  Hurat.  Od. 
ii.  16,  21,  '  seratae  naves;'  Virg. 
^neid,  viii.  67o,  'aerata  classis:' 
vessels  whose  prows  were  pro- 
tected and  decorated  with  brass. 
Forcel.  See  Aineid,  i.  448,  and 
Heyne's  note,  in  loc.  Reserata 
atria.  Al.     Picta  veste.     Tlo^tpu^av 

affTl^cov  ^ouffuv    ivv!pufffjt,ivov.   Appi- 

an.  Triumphahs  occubuisse  senes. 
Called  by  Plutarch,  in  Caniill. 
i^iaf^liixoh;  at/2oas,  in  allusion  to 
picta  veste  supr.  the  triumphal 
robe  of  purple  and  gold  tissue. 
It  is  not  certain  whether  the 
massacre  of  the  senate  by  the 
Gauls  took  place  in  the  Forum  or 
in  the  Comitium ;  according  to 
Plutarch,  in  the  former.  Niebuhr 
describes  it  as  follows,  ii.  341. 
'  When  the  Gauls  had  broke  into 
the  city  through  the  Colline 
gate,  they  found  it  all  desolate 
and  deathlike  :  they  were  seized 
with  that  awe  which  comes  upon 
a  stranger  on  passing  in  summer 
through  a  town  in  a  high  northern 


31; 


latitude  at  midnight,  when  all  is 
clear  as  day,  yet  no  mark  of  life 
to  be  seen  in  the  streets.  Every 
house  was  closed :  they  marched 
onward  till  they  came  to  the  Fo- 
rum. Here  they  saw  the  armed 
men  above  in  the  citadel ;  and  in 
the  Comitium  the  aged  chiefs  of 
the  senate,  looking  like  beings  of 
another  world.  In  doubt  whether 
the  gods  were  not  come  down  to 
save  Rome  or  to  avenge  it,  a  Gaul 
went  up  to  one  of  the  priests, 
M.  Papirius,  and  stroked  his 
white  beard :  the  old  man  indig- 
nantly struck  him  on  the  head 
with  his  ivory  sceptre ;  the  bar- 
barian cut  him  down,  and  all  were 
massacred. 

319.    Vidimus  Iliaca,  ^c.  Plu- 
tarch, ibid.    To  2e  erl/^   t?;   'Ea-Tjaf 

f/.i>ioi  ifuyov.  Liv.  '  Placuit  Fla- 
minem  sacerdotesque  Vestales 
sacra  publica  a  csede,  ab  incendiis 
procul  auferre.'  Transferri.  To 
Caere,  in  Elruria,  where  those 
who  fled  with  the  Roman  gods 
and  the  sacreJ  fire  of  Vesta  were 
hospitably  received.  In  requital, 
the  senate,  at  the  suggestion  of 
Camillus,  decreed  that  a  league 
should  be  formed  with  the  inha- 
bitants of  the  town,  and  the  free- 
dom of  the  city  granted  them  ;  a 
privilege  which  they  subsequently 
forfeited  by  a  revolt.  Hence, 
when  the  censors  deprived  a  citi- 
zen of  the  right  to  vote,  his  name 
was  said  to  be  entered  in  the  re- 
gister of  the  Cserites  ;  so  Herat. 
Epist.  i.  6,  62,  '  Quid  deceat,  quid 
non,  obliti  Cserite  cera  Digni.' 


QUINT.  ID.  JUN.  295 

Sede.     Putant  aliquos  scilicet  esse  deos  ?  320 

At  si  respicerent,  qua  vos  habitatis  in  arce, 

Totque  domos  vestras  obsidione  premi ; 
Nil  opis  in  cura  scirent  superesse  deorum, 

Et  data  soUicita  thura  perire  manu. 
Atque  utinam  pugnae  pateat  locus  !  arma  capessant :      325 

Et,  si  non  poterunt  exsuperare,  cadant. 
Nunc  inopes  victus,  ignavaque  fata  timentes 

Monte  suo  clausos  barbara  turba  premit. 
Turn  Venus,  et  lituo  pulcher  ti-abeaque  Quirinus, 

Vestaque  pro  Latio  multa  locuta  suo.  330 

Publica,  respondit,  cura  est  pro  mcenibus  istis, 

Jupiter  :  et  poenas  Gallia  victa  dabit. 
Tu  mode,  quae  desunt  fruges,  superesse  putentur, 

Effice  ;  nee  sedes  desere,  Vesta,  tuas. 
Quodcunque  est  Cereris  solidae,  cava  machina  frangat ; 

Mollitamque  manu  duret  in  igne  focus.  336 

Jusserat,  et  fratris  virgo  Saturnia  jussis 

Annuit ;  et  mediae  tempora  noctis  erant. 
Jam  ducibus  somnum  dederat  labor      Increpat  illos 

Jupiter,  et  sacro,  quid  velit,  ore  docet :  340 

Surgite,  et  in  medios  de  summis  arcibus  hostes 

Mittite,  quam  minime  perdere  vultis,  opem. 
Somnus  abit,  quajruntque  novis  ambagibus  acti, 

Perdere  quam  nolint,  etjubeantur,  opem. 
Ecce  Ceres  visa  est.    Jaciunt  Cerealia  dona.  34,5 


320.  Putant  aliquos  scilicet  esse  335.   Cereris  solida.    Com  not 

Deos  ?  The  note  of  interrogation  yet  ground.    Cava  machina.    The 

is  correctly  subjoined  to  this  sen-  mill ;  so  called  because  the  lower 

tence  which,  with  the  following,  stone    was     slightly    hollowed  ; 

announts  to  this  ;  Do  they,  sc.  the  whence  its  name   catillus,  dimin. 

Gauls,  imagine  that  there  are  any  of  catinus,  a  dish  or  platter.   <  In- 

gods? — if  so,  looking  to  the  straits  ferius  molse  saxum   appellatur  ca- 

to   which   you,    the  deities,    and  tillus,  quia  contrita  grana  ad  mo- 

your    worshippers    are    reduced,  dum  catini  ora  cavata  et  exstante 

they  must  have   little   confidence  continet.'  Forcel. 

in  the  providence  which  has  failed  336.  Mollitamque.  Kneaded, 

to  protect  its  votaries.  337.    Virgo  Saturnia.     Vesta. 

329.    Lituo.    The  crooked  staff  342.  Quam  minime  perdere  vul- 

with   which  the   augurs    marked  tis.      Such  equivoques  were  not 

out  the  quarters  of  the  heavens ;  unusual  with   Jupiter ;  see  Fast. 

from  Gr.  X/toj,  thin,  slender.  iii.  335,  et  seq. 

334.  Sedes  tuas.  Latium  tuum.  345.  Ceres  visa  est.  The  loaves 

Ambros.  and  Laet.  which  had  been  baked. 


296 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  VI. 


Jacta  super  galeas  scutaque  longa  sonant. 
Posse  fame  vinci  spes  excidit.     Hoste  repulso, 
Candida  Pistori  ponitur  ara  Jovi. 


VESTALIA. 

Forte  revertebar  festis  Vestalibus  iliac, 

Qua  nova  Romano  nunc  Via  juncta  Foro  est. 
Hue  pede  matronam  vidi  descendere  nudo ; 

Obstupui,  tacitus  sustinuique  gradum. 
Sensit  anus  vicina  loci ;  jussumque  sedere 

Alloquitur,  quatiens,  voce  tremente,  caput. 
Hoc,  ubi  nunc  fora  sunt,  udae  tenuere  paludes : 

Amne  redundatis  fossa  madebat  aquis. 
Curtius  ille  lacus,  siccas  qui  sustinet  aras, 

Nunc  solida  est  tellus,  sed  lacus  ante  fuit.   , 
Qua  Velabra  solent  in  Circum  ducere  pompas ; 


350 


355 


346.  Scutaque  longa.  So  Dio- 
dorus  ;  Qvpinl;  y^oaitTHi  avhoof^rixiff', 
■XiTmx.iXfiivot;    i^ior^ozsraj;  ;    and  Li- 

vy ;  <  Scuta  longa,  ceterum  ad 
amplitudinem  corporum  parum 
lata ;  et  ea  ipsa  plana,  male  tege- 
bant  Gallos.' 

348.  Pistori.  From  piriso  or 
piso,  to  bruise  or  grind. 

344.  Forte  reverlebarfestis  Ves- 
talibus, SfC.  The  poet  proceeds  to 
mention  a  circumstance  that  befel 
him  on  the  Vestalia,  by  which 
probably  it  was  called  to  mind. 

350.  Qua  Nova  Ronuaio  nunc, 
SfC.  The  Via  Nova  led  from  Ve- 
labrum  to  Rome  ;  it  was  joined 
to  the  former  and  the  Via  Sacra ; 
in  its  vicinity  stood  the  statue  ot 
Vertumnus,  iufr.  363,  and  the 
temple  of  Vesta. 

Soo.  Hoc,  2ibi  nunc  fora  sunt, 
^•c.  The  old  woman  explnins  the 
cause  of  the  poet's  surprise.  Fora. 
The  Ronianum,  and  Boarium, 
whose  site  had  been  a  mere  marsh 
owing  to  the  overflowings  of  the 
Tiber. 

357.  Curtius  ille  lacus.  Called 
also  Curtilacus.  Flisturians  are 
not  agreed  as  to  the  origin  of  this 


appellation.  By  some  it  is  sup- 
posed to  have  been  the  scene  of 
the  self-devotion  of  Marcus  Cur- 
tius ;  whose  name  it  retained  in 
memorial  of  his  disinterested  he- 
roism. Others  recount  that  during 
a  battle  with  the  Romans  under 
Romulus,  a  Sabine  soldier,  by 
name  Curtius,  plunged  into  this 
marsh  in  order  to  approach  the 
enemy  more  closely ;  which  he 
was  unable  to  effect  by  the  sink- 
ing of  hii  horse,  which  he  aban- 
doned, and  secured  his  retreat  to 
his  own  army ;  whence  the  name 
of  the  marsh,  Curtius.  Livy 
adopts  the  former  of  these  opi- 
nions. Siccas  qui  sustinet  aras. 
The  Curtius  lacus,  having  been 
drained,  became  the  site  of  an 
altar  ;  whence  P.  Victor  ;  '  Ara 
Saturn!  in  lacu  Curtii ;'  or  if  aras 
is  to  be  taken  literally,  it  may  al- 
lude to  those  of  Augustus,  and 
the  Lares,  as  some  conjecture 
from  Suetonius. 

359.  Qua  Velabra  solent,  ifc. 
Triumphal  processions  passed 
through  the  Velabra  into  the 
Circus.  It  is  used  in  the  plural, 
because  there  was  a  greater  and 


QUINT.  ID.  JUN. 


297 


Nil  praeter  salices  cassaque  canna  fuit.  360 

Saepe  suburbanas  rediens  conviva  per  undas 

Cantat,  et  ad  nautas  ebria  verba  jacit. 
Nondum  conveniens  diversis  iste  figuris 

Nomen  ab  averse  ceperat  amne  deus. 
Hie  quoque  lucus  erat,  juncis  et  arundine  dtnsus,  365 

Et  pede  velato  non  adeunda  palus. 
Stagna  recesserunt,  et  aquas  sua  ripa  ccercet : 

Siccaque  nunc  tellus  ;  mos  tamen  inde  manet. 
Reddiderat  causam.     Valeas,  anus  optima,  dixi ; 

Quod  superest  asvi,  moUe  sit  omne,  tui :  370 

PALLADIUM  EX  IGNE  RAPTUM. 
Castera  jam  pridem  didici  puerilibus  annis, 


less  Velabrum,  lying  between 
the  Palatine  and  Capiloline  bills. 
They  were  so  called  a  vehendo, 
because  formerly  tbey  were  tra- 
versed in  boats,  and  the  freight 
was  named  velatura.  So  Varro, 
'  Palus  fuit  in  minori  Velabro, 
unde  quod  ibi  vehebantur  lintri- 
bus,  Velabrum  ut  illud  majus.' 
Propert.  '  Qua  Velabra  suo  stag- 
nabant  flumine  quaque  Nauta  per 
urbanas  veliticabat  aquas.'  The 
term  is  derived  by  some  a  velis, 
because  oil,  fruit,  and  other  mar- 
ketable commodities  were  sold 
there  under  awnings  of  sail-cloth, 
or  in  tents ;  but  the  former  is  the 
preferable  etymology. 

362.  Ad  nautas  ebria  verba 
Jacit.  '  —  absentem  ut  cantat  ami- 
cam  Multa  prolutus  vappa  nauta, 
atque  viator  Certatira.'  Horat. 
Sat.  i.  5,  15. 

363.  Conveniens  diversis  iste 
figuris.  It  was  after  the  draining 
of  the  marsh  alluded  to,  that  the 
statue  of  Vertumnus  was  erected, 
so  called,  according  to  the.  poet 
abaverso  amne,  from  having  check- 
ed the  inundations  of  the  Tiber; 
so  Propertius,  Eleg.  iv.  2.  7, 
'  Hac  quondam  Tiberinus  iter 
faciebat,  et  aiuut   Remorum  au- 


ditos  per  vada  pulsa  sonos.  At 
poslquam  ille  suis  tantum  conces- 
sit alumnis  Vertumnus  verso  dicor 
ab  amne  deus.'  By  diversis  figu- 
ris, the  poet  alludes  to  the  variety 
of  forms  assumed  by  Vertumnus, 
while  wooing  the  nymph  Pomo- 
na; Metam.  xiv.  637,  et  seq. 
where  this  deity  is  described  as 
the  god  of  trees  and  fruits  which 
ripen  in  autumn ;  whence  his 
name  may  be  derived ;  quod  anni 
vertentis  poma  perciperet.'  Forcel. 
According  to  some,  he  was  the 
god  of  mercliandise  ;  so  called  a 
vertendo,  taken  in  its  sense  of 
trafSckmg,  as  Pers.Sat.  5,  137, 
'  Verte  aliquid,  jura.'  Others 
make  him  the  deity  who  presided 
over  the  thoughts,  and  so  repre- 
sented him  as  fickle  and  multi- 
form as  the  subjects  of  his  influ- 
ence ;  whence  Horat.  Sat.  ii.  7, 
14,  '  Vertumnis,  quotquot  sunt, 
natus  iniquis.' 

366.  Pede  velato.  With  covered 
foot. 

368.  3Ios  tamen  inde  manet. 
In  memorial  of  its  having  been 
formerly  a  marsh. 

371.  Cater  a  jam  pridem  didici, 
^c.  The  poet  now  proceeds  to 
give  an  account  of  the  Palladium 


298 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  VI. 


Non  tamen  idcirco  prstereunda  mihi. 
Moenia  Dardanides  nnper  nova  fecerat  Ilus  ; 

Ilus  adhuc  Asise  dives  habebat  opes. 
Creditur  armiferae  signum  coeleste  Minervae 

Urbis  in  Iliacae  desiluisse  juga. 
Cura  videre  fuit :  vidi  templumque  locumque. 

Hoc  superest  illi :  Pallada  Roma  tenet. 
Consulitur  Smintheus  :  lucoque  obscurus  opaco 


375 


which,  unlike  the  subjects  he  had 
previously  discussed,  he  had  been 
familiar  with  from  his  early  years 
but  not  so  as  to  diminish  his  sense 
of  its  importance ;  Non  tamen 
idcirco  prcetereunda,  Sfc. 

373.  Dardanides  Ilus.  Ilus, 
the  great  grandson  of  Dardanus. 
Moenia  nova.   Ilium. 

375.  Signum  coeleste.  Gr.  To  ay- 
aX/^a  XlaXXaio;  ;  the  Palladium, 
called  also  AioTfris,  because  it  was 
said  to  have  fallen  from  heaven 
near  the  tent  of  Ilus,  while  en- 
gaged in  building  the  citadel  of 
Troy.  According  to  others  it  fell 
at  Pessinus  in  Phrygia,  and  an- 
other, made  to  imitate  it,  was 
placed  in  the  temple  of  Minerva 
which  the  priests  induced  the 
people  to  believe  was  the  real 
Palladium  ;  probably  for  the  same 
reason  which  led  Numa  to  secure 
the  safety  of  the  sacred  shield ; 
Fast.  iii.  379.  Various  accounts 
are  given  of  the  image  itself,  and 
the  manner  in  which  it  was  ob- 
tained ;  infr.  387.  By  some  it  is 
described  as  a  wooden  statue  of 
the  goddess,  about  three  cubits 
high,  holding  in  her  right  hand  a 
pike,  and  in  her  left  a  spindle  and 
distaff :  by  others,  as  formed  of 
the  bones  of  Pelops,  and  by 
ApoUodorus,  as  a  species  of  au- 
tomaton. An  ancient  oracle  de- 
clared that  Troy  could  not  be 
taken  while  the  Palladium  re- 
mained within  the  walls  ;  whence 
Jatale  Palladium ;  Virg.  ^neid,  ii. 
166,  in  consequence  of  which  it 
was  preserved    with  the  utmost 


care.  The  Greeks  sent  Ulysses 
and  Diomede  to  carry  it  away  by 
night,  which  they  accomplished,  it 
is  said,  by  means  of  Helenus. 
The  Romans,  who  boasted  of 
their  Trojan  descent,  were  un- 
willing to  allow  that  the  Greeks 
obtained  possession  of  the  Pal- 
ladium, and  maintained  that  it 
was  not  the  true  one  which  was 
withdrawn  from  the  temple  of 
Minerva ;  a  difficulty,  of  which 
the  poet  hints  at  another  solution 
infr.  388.Dymock'sBibliotk. Class. 

377.  Cura  viderefuit.  Ovidwas 
sent,  while  very  young,  to  Athens, 
where  he  studied  for  a  considera- 
ble time.  He  subsequently,  in 
company  with  L.  iEmilius  Macer, 
a  cotemporary  poet,  whose  pre- 
mature death  he  bitterly  laments, 
travelled  over  the  greater  part  of 
Greece  and  Asia  Minor,  and 
doubtless  examined  with  attention 
the  interesting  memorials  vThich 
they  every  where  presented  of 
former  times.  Vidi  templumque 
locumque.  The  original  temple 
was  destroyed  before  Ovid  was 
born,  by  the  consul  C.  Flavius 
Fimbria,  who  served  with  such 
success  in  Asia,  and  displayed 
considerable  courage  in  his  en- 
counters with  the  armies  of  Pon- 
tus,  having  nearly  made  a  prisoner 
of  their  sovereign  Mithridates. 
It  was  probably  rebuilt,  for  Strabo 
speaks  of  a  Palladium  which  oc- 
cupied a  similar  position  to  the 
old  one,  in  his  own  time. 

379.  Smintheus.  Apollo ;  so 
called  from  Gr.  e/i'i^Sot,  or  ffindl, 


QUINT.  ID.  JUN.  299 

Hos  non  mentito  reddidit  ore  sonos  :  380 

iEtheriam  servate  deam  ;  servabitis  Urbem  : 

Imperium  secum  transferet  ilia  loci. 
Servat,  et  inclusam  summa  tenet  Ilus  in  arce : 

Curaque  ad  heredem  Laomedonta  venit. 
Sub  Priamo  servata  parum.     Sic  ipsa  volebat,  385 

Ex  quo  judicio  forma  revicta  suo  est. 
Seu  genus  Adrasti,  sen  furtis  aptus  Ulixes, 

Seu  pius  Mneas,  eripuisse  datur. 
Auctor  in  incerto  :  res  est  Romana  ;  tuetur 

Vesta,  quod  assiduo  luniine  cuncta  videt.  390 

Heu  quantum  timuere  Patres,  quo  tempore  Vesta 

Arsit,  et  est  adytis  obruta  paene  suis  ! 
Flagrabant  sancti  sceleratis  ignibus  ignes  ; 

Mistaque  erat  flammae  flamma  profana  piae. 
Attonitae  flebant,  demisso  crine,  ministras :  395 

Abstulerat  vires  corporis  ipse  timor. 
Provolat  in  medium,  et  magna,  Succurrite,  voce, 

Non  est  auxilium  flere,  Metellus  ait. 
Pignora  virgineis  fatalia  tollite  palmis  : 

Non  ea  sunt  voto,  sed  rapienda  manu.  400 

Me  miserum  I  dubitatis  ?  ait.     Dubitare  videbat, 

Et  pavidas  posito  procubuisse  genu. 
Haurit  aquas  :  tollensque  manus,  Ignoscite,  dixit, 


which,  in  the  Phrygian  dialect, 
signifies  a  mouse.  It  is  said  that 
Scamander,  the  son  of  Corybas 
and  Demodice,  having  left  Crete 
with  a  number  of  followers,  con- 
sulted the  oracle  of  Apollo  where 
they  might  establish  a  colony,  and 
was  directed  in  reply,  to  settle 
wherever  they  found  a  quantity  of 
mice.  When  they  arrived  in  Phry- 
gia,  the  strings  of  their  bows  and 
straps  of  their  corslets  were 
gnawed  asunder  by  mice,  where- 
upon Scamander  planted  his  co- 
lony in  that  country,  at  the  foot 
of  Mount  Ida,  and  erected  a  tem- 
ple to  Apollo  Smintheus.  One  of 
the  Scholiasts  on  Homer  accounts 
for  the  name,  from  Apollo's  hav- 
ing cleared  the  gardens  and  orch- 
ard of  his  priest  Chryses,  of  the 
rats  by  which  they  were  infested 
and  laid  waste. 


386.  Ex  quo.  so.  tempore.  Suo. 
In  allusion  to  Paris  having  been 
the  son  of  Priam  j  some  copies 
read  sua  ,•  others  tua,  and  in  the 
preceding  line  volebas, 

387.  Genus  Adrasti.  Diomede, 
the  grandson  of  Adrastus. 

388.  Datur.  i.  e.  narratur. 

889.  Auctor.  sc.  rapiendi. 

391.  Heu  quatitum  timuere  Pa- 
tres, §-c.  In  allusion  to  the  de- 
struction of  the  temple  of  Vesta 
by  fire,  which  occurred  A.u.  512, 
in  the  consulship  of  Q.  Lucatius 
and  A.  Manlius,  when  L.  Caeci- 
lius  Metellus  was  Pontifex  Max- 
imus. 

399.  Pignora  fatalia.  The  Pal- 
ladium. 

403.  Haurit  aquas.  For  puri- 
fication. 


:300  FASTORUM,   LIB.    VI. 

Sacra  :  vir  intrabo  non  adeunda  viro. 
Si  scelus  est ;  in  me  commissi  poena  redundet.  405 

Sit  capitis  damno  Roma  soluta  mei. 
Dixit,  et  irrupit ;  factum  dea  rapta  probavit, 

Pontificisque  sui  munere  tiita  f\iit. 
Nunc  bene  lucetis  sacrge  sub  Caesare  flaramae : 

Ignis  in  Iliacis  nunc  erit,  estque,  focis.  410 

Nullaque  dicetur  vittas  temerasse  sacerdos 

Hoc  Duce  :  nee  viva  defodietur  humo. 
Sic  incesta  perit :  quia  quam  violavit,  in  illam 

Conditur  :  et  Tellus  Vestaque  numen  idem  est- 

VICTI  CALLAICI. 

Turn  sibi  Calla'ico  Brutus  cognomen  in  hoste  415 

Fecit,  et  Hispanam  sanguine  tinxit  himium. 

CRASSI  C^DES. 

Scilicet  interdum  miscentur  tristia  laetis  ; 

Ne  populum  toto  pectore  festa  juvent. 
Crassus  ad  Euphraten  aquilas,  natumque,  suosque 

Perdidit,  et  leto  est  ultimus  ipse  datus.  420 

406.  Sit  capitis  damno,  Sfc.  Let  415.  Turn  sihi  Calla'ico,  Sfc.  On 
Rome  be  absolved  at  the  expense  the  da)'  of  the  Vestalia,  a.u.  618. 
ofiuylife.  D.  Junius  Brutus  overcame  sixty 

407.  Dixit,  et  irrupit,  SfC.  Me-  thousand  of  the  Callseci,  a  people 
tellus  rescued  the  Palladium,  at  who  inhabited  the  north  of  Hither 
considerable  personal  risk,  with  Spain,  so  called  from  Calle,  now 
the  loss  of  his  sight,  and  conse-  Oporto,  an  ancient  city  near  the 
queutly  of  liis  priesthood,  as  the  month  of  the  river  Durius,  or 
law  ordained  sacerdos  integer  Douro.  Hence  he  obtained  the 
SIT,  in  return  for  which  a  statue  surname  Callaicus.  They  are  call- 
was  erected  to  him  in  the  Capitol,  ed  by  some  Galla^ci,  but  incor- 
and  he  was  allowed  the  peculiar  rectly,  as  appears  from  the  origin 
privilege  of  being  conveyed  to  the  of  their  name. 

senate  in  a  chariot.  AM.  Scilicet  interdum,  ^c.   Be- 

409.  Nunc  bene  lucetis.  Because  cause   on    the  same  day   Crassus 

Augustus,  as  Pontifex  Maximus,  was   defeated  by    the    Parthians, 

had   enhanced   the   character  and  and    he   and    his    son  were  both 

rights  of  the  Vestals.      Sueton  i.  slain. 

c  21.  420.  Zeto  est  ultimus.  Crassus 
412.  Viva  defodietur  humo.  In  engaged  with  Surena,  the  general 
allusion  to  the  punishment  of  a  of  the  forces  of  Orodes,  the  Par- 
Vestal  virgin  for  the  violation  of  thian  king,  in  a  large  plain  on  the 
her  vows.  banks  of  the  Euphrates ;  after  his 


TERT.  ID.  J  UN. 


301 


Parthe,  quid  exsultas  ?  dixit  dea  ;  signa  remittes : 
Q-iiique  necem  Crassi  vindicet,  ultor  erit. 

QUART.  ID.  JUN.  ORITUR  DELPHIN. 

At  simul  auritis  violge  demuntur  asellis,^ 
Et  Cereris  fruges  aspera  saxa  terunt ; 

Navita  puppe  sedens,  Delphina  videbimus,  inquit, 
Huraida  cum  pulso  nox  erit  orta  die. 


425 


TERT.  ID.  JUN.  MATRALIA. 

Jam,  Phryx,  a  nupta  quereris,  Tithone,  relinqui ; 

Et  vigil  Eois  Lucifer  exit  aquis. 
Ite,  bonae  matres,  vestrum  Matralia  festum, 

Flavaque  Thebanae  reddite  liba  deae. 
Pontibus  et  Magno  juncta  est  celeberrima  Circo 

Area,  quae  posito  de  bove  nomen  habet. 
Hac  ibi  luce  ferunt  Matutae  sacra  parenti 

Sceptriferas  Servi  templa  dedisse  manus. 


430 


defeat,  lie  was  induced  to  trust 
himself  into  the  power  of  the 
enemy,  on  pretence  of  proposing 
terms  of  accommodation,  and  was 
immediatly  put  to  death.  His 
head  was  cut  off,  and  sent  to  Oro- 
des,  -who  poured  melted  lead  into 
his  mouth,  in  mockery  of  his  re- 
puted thirst  for  gold.  His  son, 
Publius  Crassus,  was  slain  at  the 
beginning  of  the  encounter; 
whence  leto  ultinms  ipse,  Sfc. 

421.  Signa  remittes.  See  Fast, 
V.  524. 

423.  At  simul  auritis  demuntur, 
^c.  On  the  IV.  Id.  Jun.  the  day 
after  the  Vestalia;  in  sign  of 
whose  termination  their  garlands 
were  taken  off,  and  the  asses  set 
to  work  in  the  mill  again ;  the 
Dolphin  rises  in  the  evening. 

427.  Phryx.  Because  he  was 
the  son  of  Laomedon.  On  the  in. 
Id.  Jun.  the  festival  of  matrons, 
Matralia,  was  celebrated,  in  ho- 
nour of  the  goddess  Matuta,  infr. 
433. 


430.  Flavaque  liba.  See  infr. 
485.'  'iThebana  DecB.  Ino  ;  who 
was  supposed  to  be  the  same  as 
Matuta. 

431.  Pontibus  et  Magno,  ^c. 
The  poet  describes  the  site  of 
Matuta's  temple  in  the  Forum 
Boarium,  which  was  close  to  the 
Palatine  bridge,  and  the  Circus 
Maximus.  She  had  another  at 
Satricum,  a  town  of  the  Vol- 
scians.  Liv.  v.  19,  23. 

433.  Hac  ibi  luce  ferunt,  SfC. 
On  the  III.  Id.  Jun.  this  temple 
was  dedicated  by  Servius  Tullius; 
it  was  subsequently  rebuilt,  after 
the  taking  of  Veii,  by  M.  Furius 
Camillus.  Matutce.  The  Latin 
name  of  Ino,  who  was  called  by 
the  Greeks  Leucothea  ;  infr.  499. 
Both  of  the  preceding  appella- 
tions are  applied  by  some  writers 
to  Aurora;  whence  Horat.  Sat. 
ii.  6,  45.  'Matutina  parum  cautos 
jam  frigora  mordent,'  and  Lucret. 
V.  655,  '  Tempore  item  certo  ro- 
seam  Matuta  per  oras  ./Etheris 
2d 


302 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  VI. 


Qu£E  dea  sit,  quare  famulas  a  limine  templi  435 

Arceat,  arcet  enim,  libaque  tosta  petat  ; 
Bacche,  racemiferos  hedera  redimite  capillos, 

Si  domus  ilia  tua  est,  dirige  navis  iter. 
Arserat  obsequio  Semele  Jovis.     Accipit  Ino 

Te,  puer,  et  summa  sedula  nutrit  ope.  440 

Intumuit  Juno,  I'apta  quod  pellice  natum 

Educet.     At  sanguis  ille  sororis  erat. 
Hinc  agitur  Furiis  Athamas,  et  imagine  falsa  : 

Tuque  cadis  patria,  parve  Learche,  manu. 
Moesta  Learcheas  mater  tumulaverat  umbras ;  445 

Et  dederat  miseris  omnia  justa  rogis. 
Haec  quoque,  funestos  ut  erat  laniata  capillos, 

Prosilit,  et  cunis  te,  Melicerta,  rapit. 
Est  spatio  contracta  brevi,  fi-eta  bina  repellit, 

Unaque  pulsatur  terra  duabus  aquis.  450 

Hue  venit  insanis  natum  complexa  lacertis  ; 

Et  secum  e  celso  mittit  in  alta  jugo. 
Excipit  illaesos  Panope,  centumque  sorores, 

Et  placido  lapsu  per  sua  regna  ferunt. 


auroram  defert  etlumina  pandit;' 
where  MatutcB  has  the  force  of 
Leucothea,  Gr.  Xivkvi  da.,  alba  dea, 
the  dawn.  There  was  another 
Matuta,  a  deity  who  presided 
over  ripened  ^TA\n,  frumentis  ma- 
tiirescentibus,  as  Flora  over  the 
blossom,  Lacturcia  over  the  ^reen 
ears,y>-.  lactescentibus,  and  Run- 
cina  over  the  uprooted  stubble, 
fr.  runcatis. 

435.  Famulas  arceat.  See  infr. 
505. 

437.  Bacche.  The  poet  applies 
to  Bacchus  for  the  required  in- 
formation and  guidance,  Si  domus 
ilia  tua  est.  Because  he  was  the 
son  of  Semele,  Ino's  sister.  Di- 
rige navis  iter.  Fast.  i.  4.  Some 
copies  read  vatis  opus. 

439.  Arserat  obsequio  Semele 
Jovis.  See  Fast.  iii.  n.  403.  Ac- 
cipit Ino.  See  Fast.  ii.  N.  510. 
According  to  Apollonius,  the 
nymph  ^Iatris,  daughter  of  Aris- 
taeui,  was  the  nurse  of  Bacchus, 


others  say  Dirce.  The  poet  agrees 
in  the  account  which  is  given  in 
the  text  with  that  in  the  Hymns 
of  Orpheus. 

443.  Imagine  falsa.  Athamas 
having  been  struck  with  madness 
by  Juno,  slew  his  son  Learchus, 
supposing  him  to  be  a  lion's 
whelp. 

449.  Est  spatio  contracta  brevi, 
§-c.  The  poet  describes  the 
Isthmus  Achaicus,  whence  Ino 
plunged  into  the  sea  :  it  was  very 
naiTow,  and  extended  only  six 
thousand  paces  between  the 
.^gean  and  Ionian  seas. 

451.  Jnsariis.  Because  her  act 
was  that  of  a  madwoman. 

452.  Celso  jugo.  The  rock 
Moluris. 

453.  Panope,  centumque  soro- 
res. Panope  was  the  daughter  of 
Nereus  and  Doris,  by  whom, 
with  her  hundred  sister-Nereids, 
Ino  and  Melicerta,  were  coaveyed 
safely  over  the  sea. 


TERT.  ID.  JUN.  303 

Nondum  Leucothee,  nondum  puer  ille  Palaemon  455 

Vorticibus  densi  Thybridis  ora  tenent. 
Lucus  erat ;  dubium,  Semelae,  Stimulaene  vocetur ; 

Maenadas  Ausonias  incoluisse  ferunt; 
Quaerit  ab  his  Ino,  quae  gens  foret.     Arcadas  esse 

Audit,  et  Evandrum  sceptra  tenere  loci.  460 

Dissimulata  Deam  Latias  Saturnia  Bacchas 

Instimulat  fictis  insidiosa  sonis  : 
O  nimium  faciles,  O  toto  pectore  captae, 

Non  venit  hsec  nostris  hospes  arnica  choris. 
Fraude  petit,  sacrique  parat  cognoscere  ritum.  465 

Quo  possit  pcEnas  pendere,  pignus  habet. 
Vix  bene  desierat ;  complent  ululatibus  auras 

Thyades  efFusis  per  sua  coUa  comis  : 
Injiciuntque  manus,  puerumque  revellere  pugnant. 

Quos  ignorat  adhuc,  invocat  ilia  deos  :  470 

Dique,  virique  loci,  miserae  succurrite  matri, 

Clamor  Aventini  saxa  propinqua  ferit. 
Appulerat  ripaj  vaccas  CEtaeus  Iberas. 

Audit ;  et  ad  vocem  concitus  urget  iter. 
Herculis  adventu,  quae  vim  modo  t'erre  parabant,  475 

Turpia  femineae  terga  dedere  fugae. 
Quid  petis  hinc,  cognorat  enim,  matertera  Bacchi  ? 

455.    Nondum  Leucothee,  8fc.  458.  Manadas  Ausonias,  The 

Before    Ibo  and    Melicerta    had  Latin  bacchanals, 

been   acknowledged  as    deities;  461.  Dissimulata  Deam.  Vidiw- 

called  by  the    Greeks  Leucothee  ing  disguised  her  divinity, 

and  Palnemon ;    their  Latin  ap-  466.  Piynus  habet.     Alluding 

pellations    having   been    Matuta  to  Melicerta. 

and  Portunus.  470.    Quos  ignorat  adhuc.    As 

457.  Lucus  erat,    Sfc.     Their  Ino  was  a  stranger  in  Latium. 

wanderings     closed    at    Latium,  472.  Aventini.  See  Fast.  i.  n. 

where  they  were  kindly  received  501.  and  472,  infr. 

by    Nicostrata,     the   mother    of  473.  Appulerat  ripce,  Sfc.   Her- 

Evander,    and  subsequently  be-  cules,    (called    CEta;us,   prolepti- 

came    the    objects    of   Arcadian  cally  ;   (Eta,  a  mountain  in  Thes- 

worship.  SemelcE  Stimulcene.  The  saly,      having    been     the    place 

poet  doubts  whether  this  grove  where,  by  his  own  directions,  his 

was  sacred  to  the  mother  of  Bac-  body  was  burned  after  his  decease) 

chus,  or  the  goddess  Stimula,  in  had  just  arrived  in  Italy  with  the 

reference  to  whom  the   Scholiast  herds  which  he  had  taken  from 

upon  Juvenal,  Sat.  2,  3,  writes ;  Geryon  ;  see  Fast,  i.  n.  493 ;  in 

'  Bacchanalia  Romee  condemnata  time  to  afford  Ino  the  assistance 

fuisse,  cum  probatum  esset  Sen-  she  required, 

atui,    honestissimas    feminas    ad  477.  Matertera  Bacchi.     Ino 

Stimulae  dese  lucum  foede  adulte-  was  said  to  have  been  the  sister 

rari.'  of  Semele. 


304  FASTORUM,  LIB.  VI. 

An  numen,  quod  me,  te  quoque  vexat,  ait  ? 
Ilia  docet  partim  ;  partim  praesentia  nati 

Continet :  et  furiis  in  scelus  isse  pudet.  480 

Rumor,  ut  est  velox,  agitatis  pervolat  alis  : 

Estque  frequens,  Ino,   nomen  in  ore  tuura. 
Hospita  Carmentis  fidos  intrasse  penates 

Diceris,  et  longam  deposuisse  famem. 
Liba  sua  properata  manu  Tegeaea  sacerdos  485 

Traditur  in  subito  cocta  dedisse  foco. 
Nunc  quoque  liba  juvant  festis  Matralibus  illam ; 

Rustica  sedulitas  gratior  arte  fuit. 
Nunc,  ait,  O  vates,  venientia  fata  resigna, 

Qua  licet ;  hospitiis  hoc,  precor,  adde  meis.  490 

Parva  mora  est ;  ccelum  vates  ac  numina  sensit, 

Fitque  sui  toto  pectore  plena  dei. 
Vix  illam  subito  posses  cognoscere  ;  tanto 

Sanctior,  et  tanto,  quam  modo,  major  erat. 
Laeta  canam  :  gaude  defuncta  laboribus,  Ino,  495 

Dixit,  et  huic  populo  dextera  semper  ades. 
Numen  eris  pelagi :  natum  quoque  pontus  habebit. 

In  vestris  aliud  sumite  nomen  aquis. 
Leucothee  Graiis,  Matuta  vocabere  nostris. 

In  portus  nato  jus  erit  omne  tuo.  500 

Quern  nos  Portunum,  sua  lingua  Palaemona  dicet. 

Ite,  precor,  nostris  aequus  uterque  locis. 
Annuerant :  promissa  fides  :  posuere  labores. 

Nomina  mutarunt :  hie  deus,  ilia  dea  est. 
Cur  vetet  ancillas  accedere,  quaeritis  ?  odit.  505 

478.  An  numen  quod  me,   ^c.         483.    Carmentis.  See  FasL  i.  N. 
In  allusion  to  the  enmity  of  Juno     41 2. 

against  Hercules.  485.     Tegecea  sacerdos.     Car- 

479.  Partim  pra-sentia   nati.     menta,  so  called  from   Tegea,  a 
She  was  ashamed  to  avow  before     town  of  Arcadia. 

her  son,  that    she  had   made  an  487.     Nunc  quoque   liba,   ^c. 

attempt  at  their  mutual  destruc-  Supr.  430. 

tion  by  plunging  with   him   into  idl.Ccelumet  numina.     Hendi- 

the  sea.  adys,  for  caelestia  numina. 

481.  JRumor  ut  est  velox.     Ino  500.  Jn  portus  nato  jus  erit,  Sfc. 

and  her  child  having  been  saved  See  N.  453  supr. 

hy   the  interference  of  Hercules,  501.    Sua  lingua.     His  native 

her  name  spread   quickly  through  tongue,  the  Greek. 

Latium  ;  her  reception  by  Evan-  505.  Cur  vetet  ancillas  accedere. 

der's  mother,  and  the  prophecy  by  Supr.  435.     One,  however,  used 

the  latter  of  their  future  great-  to  be  admitted  into  the  temple  of 

ness,   497   infra,  are  detailed  in  Matuta,  but  she  was   always  so 

the  text.  treated  as  to  be  made  understand 


TERT.  ID.  JUN. 


305 


Principiumque  odii,  si  sinat  ipsa,  canam. 
Una  ministrarum  solita  est,  Cadmei,  tuarum 

Saspe  sub  amplexus  conjugis  ire  tui. 
Improbus  banc  Athamas  t'urtim  dilexit :  ab  ilia 

Comperit  agricolis  semina  tosta  dari. 
Ipsa  quidem  fecisse  negat,  sed  fama  recepit. 

Hoc  est,  cur  odio  sit  tibi  serva  manus. 
Non  tamen  banc  pro  stirpe  sua  pia  mater  adoret, 

Ipsa  parum  felix  visa  fuisse  parens. 
Alterius  prolem  melius  mandabitis  illi ; 

Utilior  Baccho  quam  fuit  ipsa  suis. 


510 


515 


RUTILII  ET  DIDII  C^DES. 

Hanc  tibi,  Quo  properas  ?  memorant  dixisse,  Rutili ; 
Luce  mea  Marso  Consul  ab  boste  cades. 


that  it  was  not  owing  to  any  in- 
clination of  the  goddess  in  her 
favour. 

507.  Cadmei.  Ino,  daughter 
of  Cadmus. 

510.  Comperit  agricolis.  See 
Fast.  ii.  N.  510. 

513.  ]Vo7i  tamen  pro  stirpe  sua, 
i^c.  According  to  the  poet,  mo- 
thers were  not  to  address  prayers 
to  the  goddess  Matuta  for  the 
safety  of  their  children ;  Ino 
having  heen  so  unfortunate  as  to 
have  lost  one,  Learchus,  and 
suffered  much  with  the  other; 
whence  Ipsa  parum  felix,  ^-c. 
But  mothers  might  pray  tor  their 
daughters'  and  sisters'  children  ; 
Alterius  prolem  melius,  Sfc.  Ino 
having  been  more  successful  in 
her  care  of  her  sister  Semele's 
son,  than  of  her  own  ;  Utilior 
Baccho,  &(c. 

517.  Hanc.  Matuta;  who,  ac- 
cording to  the  poet,  warned  Ru- 
tilius  of  his  disastrous  defeat  on 
the  lu.  Id.  Jun.  the  day  of  the 
Matralia ;  whence  Luce  mea. 

518.  Marso  ab  hoste.  The  So- 
cial, or  Marsian  war,  so  called 
because  it  originated  with  the 
Marsi,   who  claimed   the   privi- 


lege of  Roman  citizenship,  in  con- 
sequence of  the  many  services 
they  had  conferred  upon  the  Ro- 
man state,  which  refused  to  ac- 
knowledge their  pretensions,  al- 
though urged  with  all  the  elo- 
quence and  interest  of  M.  Livius 
Drusus,  then  in  his  tribuneship, 
B.  c.  93.  The  Marsi  were  joined 
in  this  war  against  the  Romans 
by  all  the  states  to  the  south  of 
the  Liris ;  and  carried  it  on  with 
great  success  for  three  years, 
during  which  the  Roman  generals 
were  repeatedly  defeated,  as  P. 
Rutilius  Lupus,  supr.  who  took 
the  field  as  consul  with  eight 
thousand  men,  a.  u.  664.  They 
were  finally  reduced  to  submis- 
sion, more  by  policy  than  valour ; 
the  Romans  having  offered  their 
allies  the  rights  for  which  the 
Marsi  were  contending,  the  latter 
were  too  much  weakened  to  main- 
tain the  war  by  themselves.  It 
came  in  consequence  to  a  close, 
but  an  honorable  one  for  the 
Marsi,  as  their  objeet  was  sub- 
sequently obtained ;  the  inhabi- 
tants of  all  the  states  of  Italy 
having  been  invested  with  the  ci- 
tizenship of  Rome. 

2d  2 


306 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  VI. 


Exitus  accessit  verbis  :  flumenqe,  Tolenum 
Purpureo  mistis  sanguine  fluxit  aquis. 

Proximus  annus  erat :  Pallantide  ciESus  eadem 
Didius  hostiles  ingeminavit  opes. 


520 


FORTUNE  iEDES   DICATA. 

Lux  eadem,  Fortuna,  tua  est,  auctorque,  locusque 

Sed  superinjectis  quis  latet  aede  togis  ? 
Servius  est ;  hoc  constat  enim  ;  sed  causa  latendi  525 

Discrepat :  et  dubium  me  quoque  mentis  habet. 
Dum  dea  furtivos  timide  profitetur  amores, 

Coelestemque  homini  concubuisse  pudet ; 
Arsit  enim  magno  correpta  cupidine  regis, 

Caecaque  in  hoc  uno  non  fuit  ilia  viro  ;  530 

Nocte  domum  parva  solita  est  intrare  fenestra  : 

Unde  FenestelltE  nomina  porta  tenet. 


519.  Tolenum.  Or  Telonus,  a 
river  of  the  Marsi. 

521.  Proximus  annus  erat.  In 
the  year  following  that  on  which 
Rutilius  was  defeated,  on  the 
same  day,  Pallantide  eadem,  Fast. 
iv.  N.  347,  Didius,  who,  accord- 
ing to  Appian,  was  Prsetor  during 
the  Marsian  war,  was  also  over- 
come. He  is  supposed  to  have 
been  the  T.  Didius  who,  as  pro- 
praetor, gained  some  advantages 
over  the  Scordisci,  b.  c.  1 14,  and 
fourteen  years  after  held  the  con- 
sulship with  Q.  Csecilius  IVIetellus 
Nepos.  When  proconsul  he  con- 
quered the  Celtiberi.  He  and  his 
colleague  passed  a  law,  regulating 
the  method  of  proposing  and  pass- 
ing laws,  which  was  called  after 
them  Lex  Cajcilia  Didia.  He  is 
alluded  to  by  Sallust,   Frag.  1. 

523.  Lux  eadem.  On  the  day 
of  the  Matralia,  the  festival  of 
Fortuna  Virilis  was  also  held; 
whose  temple  was  dedicated  in 
the  Forum  Boarium,  by  Servius 
Tullius,  and  which  contained  a 
wooden  statue  of  that  monarch, 
■whose  head   was  covered  with  a 


toga ;  the   probable  reasons    for 
which  are  described  in  the  text. 

527.  Dea.   Fortuna. 

528.  Ccelestemque  homini,  SfC. 
Compare  Fast.   iv.    175. 

529.  Arsit  enim  magno,  §"c. 
Fortune,  who  from  her  apparent 
want  of  discrimination  in  the  se- 
lection of  her  favorites,  was  be- 
lieved to  be  blind,  did  not,  ac- 
cording to  the  poet,  in  the  case 
of  Servius,  give  evidence  of  her 
defect,  which  in  this  case  only, 
in  hoc  lino  viro,  appeared  to  have 
been  removed ;  Servius  having 
merited  the  patronage  which  he 
received  from  the  enamoured 
deity. 

531.  Nocte  domum  parva.  The 
poet  assigns  the  first  of  the  three 
probable  causes  for  the  head  of 
the  statue  having  been  covered. 
Parva  fenestra.  Fortune  having 
been  in  the  habit  of  obtaining 
admission  by  night  into  the  house 
of  Servius  through  the  window, 
one  of  the  gates  of  the  city,  or 
according  to  others,  of  the  Pa- 
latium,  was  called  in  commemo- 
ration, Porta  Fenestella;  whence 


TERT.  ID.  JUN. 


307 


Nunc  pudet,  et  vultus  velamine  celat  amatos : 

Oraque  sunt  multa  regia  tecta  toga. 
An  magis  est  verum,  post  TuUi  funera  plebem  535 

Confusam  placidi  morte  fuisse  ducis  ? 
Nee  modus  uUus  erat :  creseebat  imagine  luctus  ; 

Donee  eam  positis  occuluere  togis. 
Tertia  causa  raihi  spatio  majore  canenda  est ; 

Nos  tamen  abductos  intus  agemus  equos.  540 

Tullia,  conjugio,  sceleris  mercede,  peracto, 

His  solita  est  dictis  exstimulare  virum  : 
Quid  juvat  esse  pares,  te  nostras  csede  sororis, 

Meque  tui  fratris,  si  pia  vita  placet  ? 
Vivere  debuerant  et  vir  meus,  et  tua  conjux,  545 

Si  nullum  ausuri  majus  eramus  opus. 
Et  caput  et  regnum  facio  dotale  parentis. 

Si  vir  es,  i,  dictas  exige  dotis  opes. 
Regia  res  scelus  est.     Socero  cape  regna  necato  : 


Plutarch; — ovZv  iiviffrixXav  ■auXnt 
Ka,\ovffi. 

53S.  Viiltus  amatos,  OfServius. 

535.  An  magis  est  verum.  The 
poet  assigns  a  second  reason  ;  the 
intense  grief  of  the  people  upon 
the  death  of  TuUius,  increased 
at  the  sight  of  his  statue,  creseebat 
imagine,  ^c.  and  they  were  obliged 
in  consequence  to  conceal  it  from 
sight  with  their  robes. 

539.  Tertia  causa,  Sfc.  The 
third  reason  is  discussed,  as  its 
nature  requires,  at  greater  length. 
Compare  Liv.  i.  46,  47. 

540.  Intus,  Sfc.  So  Horace, 
Sat.  ii.6,  26,  '  Interiore  diem  gyro 
trahit;'  and  Ovid,  Amor.  iii.  2, 
12,  '  Nunc  stringam  metas  inte- 
rioi-e  rota  ;'  Art.  Amat.  ii.  426, 
'  Interior  curru  meta  terenda  meo 
est.'  This  metaphor,  taken  from 
the  turning  of  the  chariot  round 
the  goal,  to  which  the  nearer  it 
approached,  the  smaller  the  circle 
it  described,  is  frequently  used 
by  the  poets  when  they  profess 
to  confine  their  subjects  within  a 
narrow  compass. 

541.  Sceleris  mercede.     Tullia 


having  poisoned  her  husband,  and 
Tarquinius  Superbus  his  wife. 

543.  Quid  juvat  esse  pares,  Sfc. 
Macbeth.  Act  i.  sc.  7. 

Ladt/  yt.   Was  the  hope  druDk, 
Wherein  you  dressed  yourself  ?  hath  it 

slept  since; 
And  wakes  it  now  to  look  so  green  and 

pale 
At  what  it   did  so  freely?     From  this 

time. 
Such  I  account  thy  love.  Art  thou  afeard 
To  be  the  same  in  Uiine  own  act  and 

valour. 
As  thou  art  in  desire?    Wouldst  thou 

have  that 
Which  thou  esteem'st  the  ornament  of 

life? 
And  live  a  coward  in  thine  own  esteem  ? 

Hie  thee  hither, 

That  I  may  pour  my  spirit  in  thine  ear ; 
And   chastise   with   the   valour  of  my 

tongue 
All  that  Impedes  thee  from  the  golden 

round. 
Which  fate  and  metaphysical  aid  doth 

seem 
To  have  thee  crowned  withal. 

549.  Regia  res  scelusest. '  Crime 
is  an  action  worthy  of  a  king  ;' 
a  strange  inducement  to  aim  at 
royalty ! 


308 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  VI. 


Et  nostras  patrio  sanguine  tinge  manus.  550 

Talibus  instinctus  solio  j)rivatus  in  alto 

Sederat.     Attonitum  vulgus  ad  arma  ruit. 
Hinc  cruor,  hinc  caedes  ;  infinnaque  vincitur  aetas. 

Sceptra  gener  socero  rapta  Superbus  habet. 
Ipse  sub  Esquiliis,  ubi  erat  sua  regia,  caesus  555 

Concidit  in  dura  sanguinolentus  humo. 
Filia,  carpento  patrios  initura  penates, 

Ibat  per  medias  alta  feroxque  vias. 
Corpus  ut  adspexit,  lachrymis  auriga  profusis 

Restitit.     Hunc  tali  corripit  ilia  sono  :  560 

Vadis  ?  an  expectas  pretium  pietatis  amanim  ? 

Due,  inquam,  invitas  ipsa  per  ora  rotas. 
Certa  fides  facti :  dictus  Sceleratus  ab  ilia 

Vicus,   et  seterna  res  ea  pressa  nota. 
Post  tamen  hoc  ansa  est  templum,  monumenta  parentis,  565 

Tangere  ;  mira  quidem,  sed  tamen  acta  loquar. 
Signum  erat  in  solio  residens  sub  imagine  Tulli ; 

Dicitur  hoc  oculis  opposuisse  manum. 
Et  vox  audita  est,  Vultus  abscondite  nostros, 

Ne  natae  videant  ora  nefanda  meae.  570 


550.    Et  noslitts  patrio,  ^c. — 
Macbeth.  Act  i.  so.  5. 

Lady  M.  Come,  come  you  spirits 
That  tend  on    mortal  thoughts,   unsex 

me  here ; 
AikI  fill  me,  from  the  crown  to  the  toe, 

top.  full 
Of  direst  cruelty !  make  thick  my  blood. 
Stop  up   the  access  and  passage  to  re- 
morse ; 
That  no  compunctious  visitings  of  nature 
Shake  my  fell  purpose,  nor  keep  peace 

between 
The  effect,  and  it !   Come  to  my  woman's 

breasts, 
And  take  my  milk  for  gall,  you  mur- 

dering  ministers. 
Wherever  in  your  sightlesf  substances 
You  wait  on  nature's  mischief!    Come, 

thick  night. 
And  pall  thee  in  the  damned  smoke  of 

hell! 
That  my  keen  knife  see  not  the  wound  it 

makes ; 
Nor  heaven  peep  through  the  blanket  of 

the  dark 
To  cry  Moid,  HoUi. 


553.  Hiiic  cruor,  hinc  cades. 
According  to  the  poet,  the  insur- 
rection of  Tarquinius  excited  a 
fray  between  his  partisans  and 
those  who  remained  faithful  to 
the  king ;  in  which  Servius, 
while  flying  homeward,  was  slain 
at  the  foot  of  the  Esrjuiline : 
hence  the  bloody  corpse  was  lying 
before  the  carnage,  when  TuUia 
drove  to  take  possession  of  the 
palace.  The  mules  shrank  back, 
and  her  servant  pulled  in  the 
reins,  but  she  ordered  iiira  to  drive 
on,  and  the  blood  from  the  dead 
body  was  sprinkled  over  the 
wheels  and  her  dress.  The  street 
in  which  this  occurred  ever  after 
bore  the  name  Sceleratus,  the 
Wicked. 

557.  Carpento,  Putat  Ovid. 
dictum  carpentum,  quasi  carmeiu- 
tum  quod  eo  Carmenta  Evandri 
mater  usa  sit.  ForceL 

567.  Sub  imagine  Tulli.  Bear- 
ing the  resemblance  of  Tullius. 


TERT.  ID.  JUN. 


309 


Veste  data  tegitur  :  vetat  banc  Fortuna  mover! 

Et  sic  e  templo  est  ipsa  locuta  suo  : 
Ore  revelato  qua  primum  luce  patebit 

Servius  ;  ba?c  positi  prima  pudoris  erit. 
Parcite,  matronae,  vetitas  attingere  vestes  : 

Sollenni  satis  est  voce  movere  preces : 
Sitque  caput  semper  Romano  tectus  amictu, 

Qui  rex  in  nostra  septimus  Urbe  fuit. 


575 


CONCORDIA  iEDES   DICATA. 


Te  quoque  magnifica,  Concordia,  dedicat  aede 

Livia,  quam  caro  praestitit  ilia  viro.  580 

Disce  tamen,  veniens  setas,  ubi  Livia  nunc  est 

Porticus,  immensse  tecta  fuisse  domus. 
Urbis  opus  domus  una  fuit :  spatiumque  tenebat, 

Quo  brevius  muris  oppida  multa  tenent. 
Haec  sequata  solo  est,  nuUo  sub  crimine  regni,  585 

Sed  quia  luxuria  visa  nocere  sua. 
Sustinuit  tantas  operum  subvertere  moles, 


573.  Ore  revelato,  Sfc.  The 
goddess  declares  that  the  removal 
of  the  robe  from  the  face  of  the 
statue  should  inevitably  attach  to 
the  Roman  matrons  the  stigma  of 
having  abandoned  the  sense  of 
shame  and  horror  which  they  en- 
tertained of  Tullia's  impiety,  and 
which  they  could  not  but  feel 
while  they  gazed  upon  the  sad 
memorial  of  the  daughter's  guilt, 
the  muffled  countenance  of  her 
father's  image, 

576.  Movere  preces.  To  pray. 

578.  Rex  septimus.  Including 
Tatius  ;  the  following  is  the  or- 
der of  the  Roman  kings ;  Rom- 
ulus and  Tatius,  Numa,  Tullus, 
Ancus,  Servius,  Tarquinius  Su- 
perbus. 

579.  Te  quoque  magnifica.  On 
the  III.  Id.  Jun.  a  temple  was 
dedicated  by  Livia  to  Concord, 
near  the  Livife  Porticus,  in  sign 
of  the  harmony  in  which  she  lived 
with  her  husband  Augustus. 

581.  Veniens  atas.  sc.  Posteri. 
Ubi  Livia  nunc  est,  ^c.   The  site 


of  the  Livia  Porticus  had  former- 
ly been  occupied  by  the  noble 
mansion  of  Vedius  Pollio,  which 
must  have  been  laid  out,  accord- 
ing to  the  poet,  with  great  mag- 
nificence ;  Urbis  opus  domus  una 
fuit,  §-c.  He  bequeathed  it  to 
Augustus,  by  whom  it  was  taken 
down,  its  splendour  furnishing  a 
bad  precedent,  and  the  portico, 
as  above,  erected  in  its  place. 

585.  Nutlo  sub  crimine  regni.  It 
was  customary  when  any  one  had 
been  convicted  of  aiming  at  so- 
vereign power,  to  level  the  house 
of  the  offender  to  the  ground,  as 
in  the  case  of  Manlius  and  others. 
No  charge  of  this  kind,  however, 
was  to  be  implied  against  Vedius 
Pollio  in  the  pulling  down  of  his 
palace ;  the  objection  against  it 
was  of  another  character,  quia 
luxuria  visa  est,  Sfc. 

587.  Sustinuit.  This  word  im- 
plies a  degree  of  moral  courage 
in  Augustus,  who  did  not  hesitate 
to  sacrifice  his  own  aggrandise- 
ment in  consideration  of  the  ad- 


310  FASTORUM,  LIB.  VI. 

Totque  suas  heres  perdere  Caesar  opes. 
Sic  agitur  censura,  et  sic  exempla  parantur  ; 

Cum  vindex,  alios  quod  monet,  ipse  facit.  590 

ID.  JUN.  JOVI  iEDES  DICATA. 

Nulla  nota  est,  veniente  die  quam  ducere  possis. 
Idibus  invicto  sunt  data  templa  Jovi. 

QUINQUATRIA  MINORA. 

Et  jam  Quinquatrus  jubeor  narrare  minores. 

Nunc  ades  O,  cceptis,  flava  Minerva,  meis. 
Cur  vagus  incedit  tota  tibicen  in  Urbe  ?  595 

Quid  sibi  personae,  quid  stola  longa,  volunt  ? 
Sic  ego  ;  sic  posita  Tritonia  cuspide  dixit ; 

Pace  velim  doctae  verba  referre  deae. 
Temporibus  veterum  tibicinis  usus  avorum 

Magnus,  et  in  raagno  semper  honore  fuit.  600 

Cantabat  fanis,  cantabat  tibia  ludis  : 

Cantabat  mcestis  tibia  funeribus. 
Dulcis  erat  mercede  labor  ;  tempusque  secutum. 


vantages  and  convenience  of  the  591.  Nulla  nota  est.     The  day 

public.  See  Sueton.  Aug.  c-  56.  following,  Prid.  Id.  Jun.  was  not 

589.  Sic  agitur   censura.  i.  e.  distinguished  in  the  calendar  by 
hoc  est  vere  esse  censorem.  Augus-  any  festival. 

tus,  it  is  well   known,    declined  592.  Invicto  Jovi.   On  the  ides 

both  the  censorship  and  dictator-  of  June,  a  temple  was  dedicated 

ship  ;  and  yet  Macrobius,  Saturn,  to  Jupiter,  and  the  minor  festi- 

ii.  4,  addresses  him  by  the  title,  val  of   Minerva  was    celebrated, 

as  the  poet  does  in  the  text.     He  It  is    not    known    whether    the 

exercised    the    office,     however,  poet  intended  Invicto  as  an  epi- 

though  without  the  name,  for  he  thet  or  a  surname  ;  the  former  is 

was  invested  by  the  senate  with  most  probable,  and  that  the  tem- 

the  same  censorian  power,  which  pie  alluded  to  was  that  of  Jupiter 

Julius  Csesar  enjoyed  as  Prff/ec<Ms  Sponsor,    or    Latialis.      For    the 

tnorum,  or  moribus,  for  five   sue-  Qainquatria  Majora,  see  Fast.  iii. 

cessive  years;    whence    Horace,  N.  789.   The  Quinquatrus  minores 

Epist.  ii.  1,  '  Cum  tot  sustineas,  was  the  festival  of  flute- players, 

ac  tanta  negotia  solus,  Res  Italas  the  origin  and  mode  of  which  is 

arrais  tuteris,  moribus  ornes,  Le-  detailed  in  the  text, 

gibus  emendes.'  &c.  and   Sueto-  598.  Pace.   With  leave, 

nius  ;  Aug.  27,  '  Recepit  et  mo-  603.  Mercede.  The  privilege  of 

rum  legumque  regimen  perpetu-  feasting  at  the  banquets  in  the 

urn.'  temple    of  Jupiter.      Tempusque 

590.  Vindex.  sc.  Censor.   Some  secutum.  The  period  to  which  the 
copies  read  Judex.  poet  alludes  was  during  the  cen- 


ID.  JUN. 


311 


Quod  subito  Graiae  frangeret  artis  opus. 
Adde  quod  aedilis,  pompam  qui  funeris  irent, 

Artifices  solos  jusserat  esse  decern. 
Exilio  mutant  Urbem,  Tiburque  recedunt ; 


605 


sorsliip  of  Appius  Claudius,  Ho- 
rat.  Sat.  ii.  6, 20,  and  C.  Plautius, 
A.u.  443,  by  the  former  of  whom 
the  flute-players  were  prohibited 
from  banquetting  in  Jupiter's  tem- 
ple. Previously  to  this,  however, 
their  privileges  had  been  infring- 
ed by  Appius,  who,  by  virtue  of 
his  authority  as  JFAW^,  restricted 
the  number  which  should  accom- 
pany funerals,  to  ten. 

604.  GraicB  artis.  The  flute, 
according  to  the  poet,  having  been 
invented  by  Minerva ;  697,  infr. 
Some  copies  read  Gratm. 

6C7.  Exilio.  See  Fast.  iv.  n. 
763.  According  to  Cicero,  exi- 
lium  was  not  banishment,  but 
merely  the  act  by  which  a  man 
renounced  the  freedom  of  his 
own  city,  by  taking  up  his  muni- 
cipal franchise ;  and  the  liberty 
which  a  person,  bound  by  sureties 
to  stand  his  trial  before  the  peo- 
ple, had,  of  withdrawing  from  the 
consequences  of  their  verdict  by 
exiling  himself,  was  only  an  ap- 
plication of  the  eeneral  princi- 
ple ;  De  Orat.  i.  39,  877,  '  Qui 
Romam  in  exilium  venisset,  cui 
RovicE  exulare  jus  esset.'  If  the 
accused  staid  till  sentence  was 
passed,  be  was  condemned  as  a 
Roman,  and  it  would  be  executed 
upon  him  wherever  he  was  taken ; 
but  if  he  availed  himself  of  his 
municipal  franchise  in  time,  he 
had  become  a  citizen  of  a  foreign 
state,  and  the  sentence  was  null 
and  void.  The  ground  of  this  ex- 
emption was  not  his  emigrating, 
but  his  attaching  himself  to  a 
city  which  had  a  sworn  treaty  of 
isopolity  with  Rome  :  they  who 
had  settled  in  an  unprivileged 
place  needed  a  decree  of  the  peo- 


ple, declaring  that  their  settle- 
ment should  operate  as  a  legal 
exilium.  Niebiihr.  vol.  ii.  62,  63. 
The  able  and  ingenious  author  of 
'  English  Synonymes,'  draws  the 
following  distinction  between 
banishment  and  exile  ;  the  former 
follows  from  a  decree  of  justice, 
the  latter  either  from  the  neces- 
sity of  circumstances,  or  an  order 
of  authority  ;  the  former  is  a  dis- 
graceful punishment,  inflicted  by 
a  tribunal  on  delinquents,  the 
latter  is  a  disgrace  incurred  with- 
out dishonour  ;  the  latter  removes 
one  from  his  country,  the  former 
drives  him  from  it  ignominiously ; 
it  is  the  custom  in  Russia  to 
banish  offenders  to  Siberia,  Ovid 
was  exiled  by  the  order  of  Au- 
gustus. Banishment  is  a  certain 
compulsory  exercise  of  power 
over  another  which  must  be  sub- 
mitted to; 

'  O  banishment !  eternal  banishment! 
Ne'er  to  return !  must  we  ne'er  meet 

again  ? 
My  heart  will  break.'  Otway. 

Exile  is  a  state  into  which  one 
may  go  voluntarily,  in  which 
sense  it  is  justly  applied  as  in  the 
text.      Cf.  Byron. 

Childe  Harold  basked  him  in  the  noon- 
tide  sun. 
Disporting  there  like  anj'  other  fly ; 
Nor  deemed  before  his  little  day  was  done 
One  blast  might  chill  him  into  misery. 
But  long  ere  scarce  a  third  of  his  passed 
by. 
Worse  than  adversity  the  Childe  befel ; 
He  felt  the  fulness  of  satiety  : 
Then  loathed  he  in  his  native  land  to 
dwell, 
Which  seemed  to  him  more  lone  than 
Eremite's  sad  cell. 


312 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  VI. 


610 


615 


Exilium  quodam  tempore  Tibur  erat. 
Quaeritiir  in  scena  cava  tibia  ;  quaeritur  aris  : 

Ducit  supremos  naenia  nulla  toros. 
Servierat  quidam,  quantolibet  ordine  dignus, 

Tibure  ;  sed  longo  tempore  liber  erat. 
Rure  dapes  parat  ille  suo  ;  turbamque  canoram 

Convocat.     Ad  festas  convenit  ilia  dapes. 
Nox  erat,  et  vinis  oculique  animique  natabant ; 

Cum  praecomposito  nuntius  ore  venit. 
Atque  ita,  Quid  cessas  convivia  solvere  ?  dixit ; 

Auctor  vindictae  jam  venit  ecce  tuae. 
Nee  mora  ;  convivae  valido  titubantia  vino 

Membra  movent :  dubii  stantque  labantque  pedes.     620 
At  dominus,  Discedite,  ait :  plaustroque  morantes 

Sustulit.     In  plaustro  sirpea  lata  fuit. 
Alliciunt  somnos  tempus,  motusque,  merumque  ; 

Potaque  se  Tibur  turba  redire  putat. 
Jamque  per  Esquilias  Romanam  intraverat  urbem 

Et  mane  in  medio  plaustra  fuere  foro. 


625 


And  [now  Childe  Harold  was  sore  sick  at 
heart. 
And  from  his  fellow-bacchanals  would 
flee; 
'Tis  said  at  times  the  sullen  tear  would  start 
But    pride  congealed  the  drop  within 
his  e'e; 
Apart  he  stalked  in  joyless  reverie, 

And  from  his  native  land  resolved  to  go. 
And  visit  scorching  climes  beyond  the  sea. 
Canto  i.  4, 6. 

608.  Exilium  quodam  tempore, 
Sfc.  The  poet  seldom  loses  an 
opportunity  of  alluding  to  his 
own  unhappy  position  ;  he  touch- 
ingly  contrasts  in  the  above  line 
his  remoteness  from  a  country  to 
which  he  appears  to  have  been 
bound  by  the  most  tender  feelings 
of  regard,  with  the  vicinity  of 
Tibur,  which  once  was  considered 
a  sufBcient  exile,  to  Rome. 

G09.  Quaritur  in  scena,  &fc.  The 
want  of  the  flutes  was  deeply  felt 
at  all  celebrations  in  which  the 
players  had  formerly  taken  such 
a  distinguished  part.  The  poet 
proceeds  to  explain  how  they  were 
restored. 

616.  Praconiposito  ore.  With 
feigned  intelligence. 


618.  Vindicta,  Properly  the 
rod  with  which  the  slave  was 
struck  in  sign  of  his  manumis- 
sion ;  so  called,  as  some  suppose 
from  Vindicius,  or  Vindex,  a 
slave  of  the  Vitellii,  who  gave 
information  to  the  senate  of  the 
conspiracy  undertaken  by  the 
sons  of  Brutus  and  others  to  re- 
store the  Tarquins,  and  who  is 
said  to  have  been  first  freed  by  the 
Praetor  having  placed  the  rod  up- 
on his  head,  and  gone  through  the 
rest  of  the  ceremony  which  af- 
terwards obtained  in  Rome.  It 
is  used  in  the  text  to  signify 
liberty. 

622.  Sirpea.  A  mat,  or  other 
covering  made  of  twigs,  Forcel. 
which  was  thrown  over  the  waggon 
that  contained  the  musicians  ; 
Plutarch  calls  those  vehicles, 
a.fj!.a.i,a;  '^ifpt(ri  xvxXm  vi^iKaXuzrro- 
fiiva.;.  Some  copies  read  scirpea, 
from  scirpus. 

626.  Et  mane  in  medio,kc.  '  Nee 
prius  sensere,  quam  plaustris  in 
foro  relictis,  plenos  crapulae  eos 
lux  oppressit.'  Liv. 


ID.  JUN.  313 

Plautius,  lit  possent  specie  numeroque  Senatum 

Fallere,  personis  imperat  ora  tegi. 
Admiscetque  alios  :  et,  u*'  hunc  tibicina  ccetum 

Augeat,  in  longis  vestibus  ire  jubet.  630 

Sic  reduces  bene  posse  tegi :  ne  forte  notentur 

Contra  collegae  jussa  redisse  sui. 
Res  placuit ;  cultuque  novo  libet  Idibus  uti, 

Et  canere  ad  veteres  verba  jocosa  modos. 
Hsec  ubi  perdocuit,  Superest  mihi  discere,  dixi,  635 

Cur  sit  Quinquatrus  ilia  vocata  dies. 
Martins,  inquit,  agit  tali  mea  nomine  festa  : 

Estque  sub  inventis  haec  quoque  turba  meis. 
Prima  terebrato  per  rara  foramina  buxo, 

Ut  daret,  effeci,  tibia  longa  sonos.  640 

Vox  placuit ;  liquidis  faciem  referentibiis  undis 

Vidi  virgineas  intumuisse  genas. 
Ars  mihi  non  tanti  est ;  valeas,  mea  tibia,  dixi ; 

Excipit  al)jectam  cesplte  ripa  suo. 
Inventam  Satyrus  primum  miratur :  at  usum  645 

Nescit,  et  infiatam  sentit  habere  sonum. 
Et  modo  dimittit  digitis,  modo  concipit  auras  : 

Jamque  inter  Nymphas  arte  superbus  erat. 
Provocat  et  Phcebum.     Phoebo  superante  pependit :    - 

Caesa  recesserunt  a  cute  membra  sua.  650 

Sum  tamen  inventrix  auctorque  ego  carminis  hujus. 

Hoc  est  cur  nostros  ars  colat  ista  dies. 

627.  Plautius.  Claudius,  Cal-  was  not  always  required  among 
lidus,  and  Cautius  are  proposed  in-  the  Censors,  one  ot  whom  might 
stead  of  the  reading  in  the  text,  reject,  and  another  retain  an  in- 
to which  there  is  no  ostensible  dividual  in  the  senate  or  his  tribe, 
objection.  It  is  most  likely  that  &c.  Liv.  xl.  sub.  Jin. 
Plautius  was  anxious  to  make  the  63-3.  Res  placuit.  sc.  Tihicini- 
tibicines  some  atonement  for  the  bus  et  senatui. 
indignities  they  had  received  from  637.  Talinomine.se.  Quinqua- 
Appius,  and  by  the  artifices  de-  trus, 

scribed  in  the  text  shewed   them  638.  II(ee  turba.  sc.  Tibicinum. 

to  be  a  body  of  such  importance  639.  Prima.     Minerva  claims 

as  to  secure    their  remaining  at  the  credit  of  having  invented  the 

Rome.  pipe,  with  which  she  was  put  out 

629.   Tibicina.     A  band  of  fe-  of  conceit,  having   seen,  by    the 

male  minstrels.  reflection  of  her  face  in  the  water, 

631.  Ne  forte  notentur,  ^c.  that  it  disfigured  her  by  swelling 
Plautius  wished  it  to  be  supposed  her  cheeks.  She  threw  it  away, 
that  the  musicians  had  returned  and  it  was  found  by  Marsyas,  the 
by  the  consent  of  his  colleague  as  Satyr,  who  after  some  effort,  sue- 
well  as  his  own.     This  consent  ceeded  in  performing  so  well  that 

2  E 


314  FASTORUM,  LIB.   VI. 

DEC.  SEPT.  KAL.  JUL.  HYADES  ORIUNTUR.  ^DES 
VEST^  PURGATA. 

Tertia  lux  veniat,  qua  tu,  Dodoni  Thyene, 

Stabis  Agenorei  tronte  videnda  bovis. 
Ha?c  est  ilia  dies,  qua  tu  purgamina  Vest;E,  655 

Thybri,  per  Etruscas  in  mare  mittis  aquas. 

DEC.  SEXT.  KAL,  JUL.  ZEPHYRUS  FLAT. 

Si  qua  fides  ventis,  Zephyro  date  carbasa,  nautae ; 
Cras  veniet  vestris  ille  secundis  aequis. 

DEC.  QUINT.  KAL.  JUL.  DELPHIN  ORITUR.  VOLSCI 
ET  ^QUI  VICTL 

At  pater  Heliadum  radios  ubi  tinxerit  undis, 

Et  cinget  geminos  stella  serena  polos  ;  660 

Toilet  humo  validos  proles  Hyriea  lacertos  : 
Continua  Delphin  nocte  videndus  erit. 

Scilicet  hie  olim  Volscos  ^Equosque  fugatos 
Viderat  in  campis,  Algida  terra,  tuis  : 


he  became  the  admiration  of  the  659.  Heliadum.  The  daughters 
nymphs,  and  even  challenged  of  the  sun,  and  sisters  of  Phaeton. 
Apollo  to  a  contest  of  music.  Radios  uhi  tinxerit  undis.  On  the 
Apollo  was  finally  successful,  night  of  the  xvi.  Kal.  Jul.  Orion, 
upon  which  he  tied  Marsyas  to  the  son  of  Hyreus,  whence  pro- 
it.  tree  and  flayed  him  alive  ;  the  les  Hyriea,  rises  acronycaJly. 
tears  which  were  shed  by  the  ru-  660.  Stella  serena.  Stellaishere 
rai  deities  for  their  favourite's  used  for  Stella,  as  Fast.  iv.  364 ; 
misfortune,  formed,  it  is  said,  the  but  the  poet  applies  Geminos 
beautiful  river  in  Phrygia,  ever  incorrectly  as  an  epithet  of  polos, 
after  known  bv  his  name.  Tere-  which  is  used  to  express  the  fir- 
hrato  buxu.  Tlie  perforated  box,  mament  indifferently  in  the  sin- 
of  which  wood  the  pipe  was  gular  or  plural, 
formed.  662.   Continua  nocte.     On  the 

653.  Tertia  lux  veniat.  Includ-  night  of  the  xv.  Kal.  Jul.  the 
ing  the  ides,  xvii.  Kal.  Jul.  the  Dolphin  rises.  This  day  was  re- 
Hyades  rise  ;  Thyene  was  one  of  markable  for  the  triumphant  vic- 
them,  and  is  here  put  for  the  tory  obtained  by  the  dictator  A. 
whole  constellation ;  for  Dodoni  Posthumius  Tubertus  over  the 
see  Fast.  v.  x.  167.  -(Equi  and   Volsci;   see  Livy,  iv. 

654.  Agenorei  bovis.  See  Fast.  26  ;  who  had  pitched  their  camp 
165  and  551.  in  Algidus,  a  town  of  Latium. 

658.   Cras.  xvi.  Kal.  Jul. 


DEC.  TERT.  KAL.  JUL.  315 

Unde  suburbano  clarus,  Tuberte,  triumpho,  665 

Vectus  es  in  niveis,  Postume,  victor  equis. 


DEC.  QUART.  KAL.  JUL.  SOL  IN  CANCRO.  ^DES 
MINERVA  DATA. 

Jam  sex,  et  totidem  luces  de  mense  supersunt ; 

Huic  unum  numero  tu  tamen  adde  diem. 
Sol  abit  e  Geminis,  et  Cancri  signa  rubescunt; 

Ccepit  Aventina  Pallas  in  arce  coli.  670 

DEC.  TERT.  KAL.  JUL.    SUMMANO    ^DES  DATA. 

Jam  tua,  Laomedon,  oritur  nurus  :  ortaque  noctera 

Pellit,  et  e  pratis  uda  pruina  fugit. 
Reddita,  quisquis  is  est,  Summano  templa  feruntur. 

Turn  cum  Romanis,  Pyrrhe,  timendus  eras. 

OPHIUCHUS   ORITUR. 

Hanc  quoque  cum  patriis  Galatea  receperit  undis,  675 

Plenaque  securae  terra  quietis  erit ; 

665.  Suburbano.  Because  Al-  the  temple  was  situated  near  that 
gidus  lay  between  Tusculum  and  of  Juventus,  PUn.  xxix.  c.  52, 
the  Alban  mount.  This  deity  is  mentioned  by  Cicero 

666.  In  niveis  equis.  See  Ad&m's  De  Divin.i  c.  10,  and  "Plautus, 
Rom.  Antiq.  Boyd's  edition,  pp.  Bacch.  4,  8,  54,  where  he  is  call- 
325,  326.  ed  Submanus. 

667.  Jam  sex,  et  totidem,  ^c.  By  674.  Turn  cum  Bomanis.  See  n. 
this  and  the  following  line  it  is  to  187  supr.  According  to  Varro, 
be  understood  that  thirteen  days  the  worship  of  this  deity  was  in- 
before  the  end  of  the  month,  so.  stituted  by  Tatius. 

xrv.    Kal.    Jul.    the    sun    leaves  675.  Hanc.  sc.  Auroram.   Ga- 

Gemini  and  enters  Cancer ;  upon  latea.    A  sea  nymph,  daughter  of 

which  day  a  temple  was  dedicated  Nereus  and  Doris.     On  the  night 

to  Minerva  on  Mount  Aventine.  of  the  xiii.  Kal.  Jul.  the  constel- 

671.  Jam.   xiii.  KaL  Jul.  Nu-  lation  Ophiuchus  rises;  JEscula- 

rus.   Aurora.  pius,  who  was  raised  to  the  stars, 

673.   Summano.   On  this  day  a  having  been  so  called,  from  Gr. 

temple  was  dedicated  to  Summa-  o^i;,  unguis,  nnA'{^(a,\nir.  619.  By 

nus,  a  deity  with  whom  the  poet  some  this  constellation  is  suppos- 

professes  to  be  unacquainted.  It  is  ed  to  have  represented  Hercules, 

probable  that  Pluto  was  worship-  to  whom    its    name  is  applicable, 

ped  under  this  title,  qu.  Summus  as  alluding  to  his  having  strangled 

Manium.  Mart.  Capell.  li.^.  40;  the  serpents  which  Juno  had  placed 


316  FASTORUM,  LIB.  VI. 

Sui'sjit  luimo  juvenis  telis  afflatus  avitis, 

Et  gemino  nexas  porrigit  angue  manus. 
Notus  amor  Phaidrae,  nota  est  injuria  Thesei ; 

Devovit  natum  credulus  ille  suum.  680 

Non  impune  pius  juvenis  Troezena  petebat. 

Dividit  obstantes  pectore  taurus  aquas. 
Solliciti  terrentur  equi  ;  frustraque  retenti 

Per  scopulos  dominum  duraque  saxa  trahunt. 
Exciderat  curru,  lorisque  morantibus  artus  685 

Hippolytus  lacero  corpora  raptus  erat : 
Reddideratque  animam,  multiim  indignante  Diana. 

Nulla,  Coronides,  causa  doloris,  ait ; 
Namque  pio  juveni  vitiim  sine  vulnere  reddam  ; 

Et  cedent  arti  tristia  fata  meae.  690 

Gramina  continuo  loculis  depromit  eburnis  ; 

Profuerant  Glauci  Manibus  ilia  prius  : 
Tunc,  cum  observatas  augur  descendit  in  herbas  ; 

Usus  et  auxilio  est  anguis  ab  angue  dato. 
Pectora  ter  tetigit,  ter  verba  salubria  dixit :  695 

Depositum  terra  sustulit  ille  caput. 
Lucus  eum,  nemorisque  tui,  Dictynna,  recessus 

Celat :  Aricino  Virbius  ille  lacu. 
At  Clymenus  Clothoque  dolent ;  hsec  fila  reneri, 

in  his  cradle;    Virg,  jEneid,  viii.  688.   Coronides.     jEsculapius, 

288, ' — ut  prima  noverceeMonstra  son  of  the  nymph  Coronis. 

manu  geminosque  premens  elise-  692.   Glauci.     Son  of  Minos, 

rit  angues.'    It    is  also   explained  restored  to  life  by  JEsculapius. 

of  Carnabo,    king   of  the    Getse,  693.   Tunc,  cum  observatas,  Sfc. 

Phorbus,  son  of  Triopa,   king  of  This  distich  is  also   rejected   by 

Thessaly,   &c.  Hygin  Poet.  Astr.  Heinsius. 

ii.  14,  ■n-here  it  is  also  attributed,  694.  Ususet  auxilio.    It  is  said 

as  bv  the  poet,  to  .32sculapius.  that  while    .^i^sculapius  was  con- 

677.  Ttlis  afflatus  avitis.  See  sidering  how  he  might  recover 
infr.  701.  Giaucus,  he  killed  with  his  staff 

678.  Et  gemino  nexas,  §-c.  Ophi-  a  serpent  which  came  in  his  way, 
uchus  consists  of  seventeen  stars,  whereupon  another  serpent  ap- 
and  the  snake  of  twenty-three.  proached    •nnth    an    herb    in    its 

679.  Amor  Phadrce.  See  Fast,  mouth,  with  which  having  touch- 
iii.  X.  263.  v.  n.  309.  ed  the  head  of  the  dead  one,  it 

681.  JVon  impune,  ^c.  This  and  came  to  life  again,  and  they  both 
the  verse  following  are  rejected  withdrew.  With  this  herb  he  sub- 
by  Heinsius.  Trazena.  A  city  sequently  performed  his  extraor- 
of  Peloponnesus.  dinary  cures. 

682.  Dividit  ohs'.antes  pectore,  698.  Aricino  Virbius  ille  lacu. 
Sfc.  See  Eurip,  Hippol.  where  Frist,  iii.  N.  261.  Virg.  j^neid, 
the  catastrophe  alluded  to  is  des-  vii.  761. 

cribed  in  full.  699.   Clymenus.   Pluto,  so  call- 

687.  Multum  indignante  Diana,     ed  either  as  cravra  x.a.\ut  rrol;  lav- 

Eurip.  Hippol.  1420.  tov,  quia  omnia  ad  sevocet,  or  from 


OCT.  KAL.  Jul.  317 

Hie,  fieri  regni  jura  minora  sui.  700 

Jupiter,  exemplum  veritus,  direxit  in  ilium 

Fulmina,  qui  nimise  moverat  artis  opem. 
Phoebe,  querebaris  :  Deus  est :  placare  parenti : 

Propter  te,  fieri  quod  vetat,  ipse  facit. 

NON.  KAL.  JUL.  FLAMINIUS  VICTUS. 

Non  ego  te,  quamvis  properabis  vincere  Caesar,  705 

Si  vetet  auspicium,  signa  mov  ere  velim. 
Sint  tibi  Flaminius  Trasimenaque  litora  testes. 

Per  volucres  aequos  multa  monere  deos. 
Tempora  si  veteris  qua?ris  temeraria  damni ; 

Quartus  ab  extremo  mense  bis  ille  dies.  710 

OCT.  KAL.  JUL.    SYPHAX  ET  HASDRUBAL  VICTI. 

Postera  lux  melior  :  Superat  Masinissa  Syphacem  ; 
Et  cecidit  telis  Hasdrubal  ipse  suis. 

FORTIS  FORTUNE  FESTUM. 

Tempora  labuntur,  tacitisque  senescimus  annis  ; 

Et  fugiunt,  freno  non  remorante,  dies. 
Quam  cito  venerunt  Fortunae  Fortis  honores  !  715 

Post  septem  luces  Junius  actus  erit. 

kXiiu),  audio,  quia  auditur  ah  omni-  nisba  and  family  made  prisoners  ; 

bus ;   Forcel.  Reneri,  To  be  spun  a.u.  350.  Liv.  xxx.  3 — 13. 

anew.  712.  Hasdrubal.     The  brother 

704.  Propter  te,  ^c.  In  con-  of  Hannibal ;  he  was  defeated  by 
sequence  of  the  complaint  of  the  Roman  consuls  M.  Livius 
Apollo,  Jupiter  restored  jEscu-  Sali'nator  and  C.  Claudius  Nero, 
lapius  to  life,  and  raised  him  to  in  a  battle  on  the  banks  of  the 
the  skies.  Metaurus.      Claudius  caused  his 

705.  Non  ego  te,  Sfc.  On  the  head  to  be  cut  off  and  thrown 
IX.  Kal.  Jul.  Flaminius  was  de-  before  the  advanced  guard  of 
feated  at  the  lake  Trasimene,  Hannibal.  By  suis  telis  the  foet 
having  engaged  in  the  battle  con-  means,  '  his  own  stratagems ;'  the 
trary  to  the  auspices;  whence  counterplots  of  Claudius  Nero 
tempora  temeraria,  infr.  709.  having     succeeded      against    the 

708.  Per  volucres.  See  Fast.  i.  wiles  of  Hasdrubal. 

N.  180.  715.    Quam  cito  venerunt,  S^c. 

711.  Postera  lux  melior.  On  the  On  the  viii.  Kal.  Jul.    the   festi- 

VIII.    Kal.  Jul.    Syphax,  king    of  val  of  Fors  Fortuna,  or  Fortuna 

Numidia,    was     defeated   by    C.  Virilis,  whose   temple  was   dedi- 

Loelius,  and  Masinissa,  king  of  the  cated  by  Servius  Tullius,  was  ce- 

tbe  Massyli ;  his  capital,  Cyrta,  lebrated.  Supr.  523. 
was  taken,  and  his  wife   Sopho- 

2e  2 


318 


FASTORUM,  LIB.   VI. 


Ite,  Deam  \xi[  Fortem  celebrate,  Quirites  : 

In  Tiberis  ripa  niunera  regis  liabet. 
Pars  pede,  pars  etiam  celeri  decurrite  cymba ; 

Nee  pudeat  potos  inde  redire  domum. 
Ferte  coronatae  juvenum  convivia  lintres  ; 

Multaque  per  medias  vina  bibantur  acjuas. 
Plebs  colit  banc  :  quia,  qiu  posuit,  de  plebe  fuisse 

Fertur,  et  ex  bumili  sceptra  tulisse  loco. 
Convenit  et  servis  ;  serva  quia  TuUius  ortus 

Constituit  dubiae  templa  propinqua  Dea?. 

SEXT.  KAL,  JUL.    ORIONIS    ZONA  ORITUR. 
SOLSTITIUM. 

Ecce  suburbana  rediens  male  sobrius  aede 


'20 


725 


717.  Deam  Fortem.  The  god- 
dess Fors. 

718.  In  Tiberis  ripa.  This 
temple  was  situated  at  the  far 
side  of  the  Tiber,  which  was 
crossed  either  by  bridges  or  boats, 
infr.  719.  Pars,  pede,  pars  etiam, 
§-c.  To  this  it  is  objected,  that 
decurrite  cannot  be  made  to  sig- 
nify cross/»(7  the  river,  hwirunning 
down  or  along  ivith  it,  and  that 
consequently  the  temple  was  at 
the  side  of  the  river  next  the  city. 
It  appears,  however,  that  decurro 
may  be  taken  in  the  sense  of  per- 
curro,  to  run  across  or  traverse 
hastily  ,  Forcel. ;  whence  Ovid, 
Metam.  xiv.  oO,  'decunit  podibus 
super  sequora  sicci,'  and,  ix.  5f)0, 
'  decurrere  mari.'  Lucret.  vi.  (j(j8. 
*  Perque  mare  et  terras  rapidus 
percurre  turbo  ;'  this  is  sufficient 
to  meet  the  objection,  as  supr. 
advanced  by  two  late  commenta- 
tors upon  the  Fasti,  in  a  tone 
which  seems  to  savour  rather  of 
presumption  than  truth. 

721.  Cvronata  lintres.  In  allu- 
sion to  the  custom  of  suspending 
garlands  from  the  prows. 

723.  Qui  posuit,  de  plehe  fuisse. 
la  allusion  to  the  birth  of  Servius 
Tullius,  who  was  the  son  of 
Ocrisia,    a    handmaid   of    queea 


Tanaquil,  and  one  of  the  captives 
taken  at  Corniculum.  While  she 
was  offering  some  cakes  to  the 
household  genius,  she  saw  an  ap- 
parition of  the  god  in  the  fire  on 
the  hearth  ;  she  was  directed  by 
Tanaquil  to  array  herself  as  a 
bride  and  shut  herself  up  in  the 
chapel.  She  became  pregnant  by 
a  god  ;  by  many  of  the  Romans 
the  householdgenius  was  believed 
to  be  the  father  of  Servius ;  by 
others,  Vulcan.  The  former  sup- 
ported their  opinion  by  the  festi- 
val instituted  by  Servius  in  ho- 
nour of  the  Lares ;  the  latter  by 
the  god  of  fire  having  saved  the 
statue  of  Servius  on  the  occasion 
of  the  temple  having  been  burned 
in  which  it  was  placed.  Niebuhr. 
ii.  358.     Dionys.  iv.  2. 

726.  Templa  propinqua.  There 
were  two  temples  of  Fortune,  in 
the  same  place,  but  the  poet  is 
incorrect  in  attributing  the  dedi- 
cation of  both  to  Servius.  Liv. 
X.  46.  '  Carvilius  consul  (u.  C. 
459. )  de  reliquo  sere  sedera  Fortis 
Fortunoe  de  manubiis  faciendam 
locavit  prope  eedem  ejus  deae  ab 
rege  Servio  TuUio  dedicatam.' 

727.  Suburbana  cede.  Of  Fors 
Fortuna, 


PRID.    KAL.  JUL.  319 

Ad  Stellas  aliquis  talia  verba  jacit : 
Zona  latet  tua  nunc,  et  eras  fortasse  latebit ; 

Dehinc  erit,  Orion,  adspicienda  mihi.  730 

At  si  non  esset  potus  ;  dixisset  eadem 

Venturum  tempus  solstitiale  die. 

QUINT.  KAL.  JUL.  iEDES  LARIBUS  SACRATA 

Lucifero  subeunte  Lares  deliibra  tulerunt, 
Hie  ubi  fit  docta  multa  corona  manu. 

JOVI  STATORI  /EDES   DATA. 

Tempus  idem  Stator  asdis  habet,  quam  Romulus  olim    735 
Ante  Palatini  condidit  ora  jugi. 

QUART.  KAL.  JUL.  ^DES  QUIRING  DATA. 

Tot  restant  de  mense  dies,  quot  nomina  Parcis, 
Cum  data  sunt  trabeae  templa,  Quirine,  tuae. 

PRID.  KAL.  JUL.  HERCULIS  ET  MUSARUM  FESTUM. 

Tempus  luleis  eras  est  natale  Kalendis  : 

Pierides,  cceptis  addite  summa  meis.  740 

Dicite,  Pierides,  quis  vos  adjunxerit  isti, 

Cui  dedit  invitas  victa  noverca  manus  ? 
Sic  ego;  sic  Clio  :  Clari  monumenta  Philippi 

730.  Dehinc  Orion,  Sfc.  On  738.  Trabea  Quirine  tua.  For 
the  VI.  Kal.  Jul.  the  belt  of  Orion  Tibi,  Quirine,  trabeato  ;  see  Fast, 
rises  heliacally.  i.  n.  37.  ii.  385. 

731.  Eadem  die.  sc.  vi.  Kal.  739.  luleis  Kalendis.  Julius 
Jul.  According  to  Columella,  vm.  Cajsar  was  born  on  the  fourth  of 
Kal.  Jul.  is  the  summer  solstice.  the    ides    of    July,    whence    the 

^     733.  Lucifero  subeunte.  On  the  month  received  its  name. 

V.  Kal.  Jul.   a   temple    was  dedi-  741.  Adjunxerit  isti,    SfC.     A 

cated  to  the  Lares  in  the  Forum,  temple    was    built  to    Hercules, 

and   also  that  to    Jupiter    Stator,  u.  c.  57.5,  by  M.  Fulvius  Nobilior 

which    had    been   vowed   by  Ro-  in  the  Circus  Flaminius,  wherein 

raulus  in  the    Sabine   war;    see  were  placed  the  statues   of    the 

Liv.  i.  12.  Muses.      This  temple  was  subse- 

737.  Tot  restant  de  mense,  Sfc.  quently  restored  from  decay,  u.  c. 

Three  days  from  the  end  of  this  767,  by   Marcius   Philippus,  the 

month,    IV.  Kal    Jul.   a  temple  step-father,   751  infr.  of  Augus- 

was  dedicated  to  Romulus,  Fast.  tus. 
ii.  N.  393. 


320 


FASTORUM,  LIB.  VI. 


Adspicis:  uncle  trahit  Marcia  casta  genus  ; 
Marcia,  sacrifice  deductum  nomen  ab  Anco, 

In  qua  par  tacies  nobilitate  sua. 
Par  animo  quoque  forma  suo  respondet  in  ilia, 

Et  genus,  et  facies,  ingeniumque  simul. 
Nee  quod  laudamus  formam,  tarn  turpe  putaris  ; 

Laudamus  magnas  hac  quoque  parte  deas. 
Nupta  fuit  quondam  niatertera  Caesaris  illi. 

O  decus,  O  sacra  fcemina  digna  domo  ! 
Sic  cecinit  Clio ;  doctae  assensere  sorores  ; 

Annuit  Alcides,  increpuitque  lyram. 


745 


'50 


744.  Marcia.  The  daughter  of 
M.  Philippus,  whom  Cato  of 
Utica  mariied<_ after  be  had  di- 
vorced Attilia. 

745.  Sacrifico  ab  Anco.  '  Nu- 
mse  Pompilii  regis  nepos,  filia 
ortus,  Ancus  Marcius  erat.' — 
'  longe  antiquissimum  ratus,  sacra 
pubiica,  lit  ab  Numa  instituta 
erant,  facere  ;  omnia  ea  ex  com- 
raentariis  regis  pontificem,  in  al- 


bum relata,  proponere  in  publico 
jubet.'     Liv.  i.  32. 

751.  Nupta  fuit  quondam,  Sfc. 
Philip's  first  wife  was  sister  to 
Csesar's  mother  ;  his  second,  Ac- 
cia,  or  Atia,  the  mother  of  Au- 
gustus. 

754.  Increpuitque  lyram.  And 
struck  the  lyre ;  in  token  of 
assent. 


ADDENDA. 


BOOK  I. 


20.  Missa.  In  the  temple  of 
Apollo,  built  by  Augustus  on  the 
Palatine  hill,  there  was  a  public 
library,  where  authors,  particularly 
poets,  used  to  recite  their  compo- 
sitions, sitting,  in  full  dress,  some- 
times before  select  judges,  who 
passed  sentence  on  their  compara- 
tive merits.  The  poets  were  then 
said  committi,  to  be  contrasted  or 
matched,  as  combatants ;  and  the 
reciters,  committere  opera.  Hence 
Caligula  said  of  Seneca,  that  he 
only  composed  commissiones, 
showy  declamations.  Suet.  Aug. 
4j.  89,  '  Committit  vates,  et  com- 
parat  inde  Maronem.'  Juvenal,  6, 
435. 

23.  Impetus.  Cf.  Ov.  pont. 
'  Impetus  ille  sacer  qui  vatum 
pectora  nutrit.' 

25.  Si  licet  etfas  est.  Cf.  Liv. 
I,  2.  '  Quemcunque  eum  dici 
jus  fasque  est.' — Speaking  of 
jEneas. 

47.  Nefastus.  Dr.  Crombie's 
Gymnasium  ii.  52,  et  seq.  *  Days 
among  the  Romans  were  distin- 
guished into  three  general  divisions, 
the  Dies  festi,  Dies  profesti,  and 
Dies  intercisi.  The  Dies  festi, 
holy  days,  were  consecrated  to  reli- 
gious purposes ;  the  Dies  profesti 
were  given  to  the  common  business 
of  life  ;  and  the  Dies  intercisi  were 
half-holydays  divided  between  sa- 
cred and  ordinary  occupations.  The 


Dies  festi  were  set  apart  for  the 
celebration  of  these  four  solemni- 
ties, '  Sacrificia,'  '  Epulaj,'  '  Ludi,' 
and  '  FerisB.' 

*  The  profesti  were  Fasti,  Comi- 
tiales,  Comperendini,  (days  for 
giving  bail);  Stati,  for  deciding 
causes  between  a  Roman  and  a  fo- 
reigner, and  Praeliares." — p.  53. 

64.  Janus.  For  Zanus,  (as  Zvyov, 
jugum)  from  Zav,  Jupiter,  (see 
Donnegan  in  Zav).  Jamieson : 
'  Janus  is  said  to  be  the  Jon  of  the 
Scandinavians,  one  of  the  names 
of  Jupiter,  which  is  given  to  the 
sun,  as  signifying  that  he  is  the 
father  of  the  year,  and  of  heaven 
and  earth.  The  sun  was  worship- 
ped by  the  Trojans  under  the  name 
of  Jona,  as  appears  from  one  of 
Gruter's  inscriptions.' 

Al.  for  Janus  from  Gr.  i'&i,  to 
go  ;  from  the  procession  or  motion 
of  the  sun.  Thus  £Tos,a  year,  is 
from  'iai,  to  go :  Ovid :  '  EuNT 
ANNi  more  fluentis  aquse.'  Janu- 
ary in  Armoric  is  '  misjenver,''  i.e. 
the  month  of  cold  air ;  from  jen, 
cold,  and  ae'r.  \V.  Valpy's  Ktym. 
Die. 

64.  Inque  meo,  &c.  Cf.  Clau- 
dian,  xxviii.  640.  '  Novum  fastis 
aperit  felicibus  annum  Ore  corona- 
tus  gemino.' 

118.  Omnia  sunt  nostra,  Sfc. 
Heuce  janua,  from  Janus. 

151.   Omnia  tunc  florent,  Sfc. 


322 


ADDENDA. 


At  once  arrayed 

In  all  the  colours  of  the  flushing  year. 
By   Nature's  snift    and  secret  working 

hand, 
The  garden   glows,  and  fills  the  liberal 

air 

With  lavish  fragrance ;    while  the  pro- 
mised fruit, 
Lies  yet  a  little  embryo,  unperceived 
Within  its  crimson  folds. 

Thomson's  Spring. 

164.  Bruma.  Though  bruma 
and  hj/ems  are  frequently  identified, 
yet  the  ancient  Roman  authors 
used  them  to  express  two  very  dif- 
ferent ideas.  Hiems  properly  sig- 
nified a  whole  season,  or  quarter  of 
the  year :  and  Bruma  only  one 
day,  and  that  the  shortest  in  the 
year;  the  winter  solstice  ;  whence 
Bruma  novi  prima  est,  ^'c. ;  and 
Varro,  L.L.  5,  '  Bruma  dicta, 
quod  brevissimus  dies.'  Hence  the 
month  of  December  is  called  the 
month  of  Bruma ;  whence  Mar- 
tial, viii.  Ep.  41  (of  December) 
*  Quae  medio  brumae  mittere  mense 
sclent.'  vii.  94,  'Bruma  est;  et 
riget  horridus  December.'  v.  104. 
'  Post  Novembres,  imminente  jam 
bruma.' 

193.  Saturno.  Jamleson;  'The 
Saxons,  a  nation  of  Scythic  origin, 
worshipped  Saturn  under  the  name 
of  Seater.  The  same  day  of  the 
week  was  consecrated  to  him  that 
bore  his  name  in  the  Roman  ca- 
lendar. Varro  derives  the  name 
ab  satu.  Vossius  refers  Saturnus 
to  the  Hebrew  str,  to  hide  oneself. 
whence  the  god  Latius. 

211.  Creverunt  et  opes.  Cf. 
Juvenal,  xiv.  139.  '  Crescit  amor 
nummi,  quantum  ipsa  pecunia  cres- 
cit.' So  Sallust  speaks  of  this 
'  Opum  furiosa  cupido,'  Catil.  xi. 
'  Semper  infinita  insatiabilis,  neque 
copia.  neque  inopia  minuitur.' 

313.  Octipedis,  S^c.  A  star  is 
said  to  rise  cosmicalli/,  when  it  rises 
at  the  same  time  with  the  sun  ;  or 
with  that  degree  of  the  ecliptic  in 
nhieh  the  sun  is  then  situated. 


Cosmical  setting  is  when  a  star 
sets  and  goes  down  in  the  west,  at 
the  same  time  that  the  sun  rises  in 
the  east. 

But,  according  to  Kepler,  to 
rise  or  set  cosmically  is  only  to 
ascend  above  or  descend  below  the 
horizon. 

The  term  Heliacal,  applied  to 
the  rising  of  a  star,  planet,  &c. 
denotes  its  issuing  or  emerging  out 
of  the  rays  and  lustre  of  the  sun, 
wherein  it  was  hidden  before ;  whe- 
ther this  be  owing  to  the  recess  of 
the  sun  from  the  star;  or  that  of 
the  star  from  the  sun.  When  ap- 
plied to  the  setting  of  a  star,  it 
denotes  entering  or  immerging  into 
the  sun's  ravs,  and  so  becoming 
inconspicuous  by  the  superior  light 
of  that  luminary. 

A  star  rises  heliacally,  when  af- 
ter it  has  been  in  conjunction  with 
the  sun,  and  on  that  account  invi- 
sible, it  gets  at  such  a  distance  from 
him,  as  to  be  seen  in  the  morning 
before  the  sun's  rising. 

The  same  is  said  to  set  helia- 
cally, when  it  approaches  so  near 
the  sun  as  to  be  hidden  therein. 
So  that  in  strictness  the  heliacal 
rising  and  setting  are  only  an  ap- 
parition and  occultation. 

The  ancients  computed  that  a 
star,  between  the  tropics,  would  be 
forty  days  before  it  got  clear  of  the 
sun's  rays,  and  became  conspicuous 
again.  Hesiod  first  made  this  com- 
putation, and  the  rest  followed  him. 
The  period  comes  very  near  to 
the  computation  of  the  moderns; 
for  the  sun  advancing  nearly  a  de- 
gree every  day,  it  will  be  twenty 
days  approaching  to  it,  from  the 
heliacal  setting  of  the  star,  and 
thirty  days  more  withdrawing,  till 
the  heliacal  rising. 

Among  the  ancients,  a  star  was 
properly  said  to  be  acronycal,  or 
to  rise  acronycally,  which  rose 
in  the  evening  when  the  sun  was 
set.     Greek  writers,  it  is  true,  use 


ADDENDA. 


323 


the  term  icx^ovuxia;,  indifferently, 
in  speaking  eitiier  of  the  evening 
or  morning,  because  both  are  con- 
sidered as  ax^a.  r-/i;  vukto;,  the  ex- 
tremities of  the  nif/lit,  and  hence 
they  applied  acronijcal  to  the  ris- 
ing and  setting  of  the  stars,  either 
in  the  morning  or  evening.  But 
the  ancients  were  more  distinct, 
and  by  axoovuxTio;,  understood  ra- 
ther the  beginning  or  approach  of 
night  than  the  end  of  it ;  accord- 
ingly, with  them,  those  stars  which 
rose  in  the  evening,  not  those  in 
the  morning,  were  said  to  rise  acro- 
nycally. 

339.  Lachrijmatas  cort.  myrr. 
The  Editor  is  indebted  to  the 
kindness  of  an  ardent  admirer  of 
Shakspeare,  for  directing  his  atten- 
tion to  the  passage  quoted  in  the 
note,  as  it  stands  in  the  folio  of 
1623.  The  much  agitated  ques- 
tion, whether  the  proper  reading  is 
'  their  medicinal  gum,'  or  '  their 
gum  medicinal,'  is  here  set  most 
satisfactorily  at  rest — 

— ^  "  Of  one,  whose  subdued  eyes 
Albeit,  vn-vsed  to  the  melting  moode, 
Drops  teares  as  fast  as  the  Arabia    trees 
Their  midicinable  gumme." 
Shaks.  Fol.  Ed.  1623.  Isaac  Jaggard,^c 

342.  Fila  croci.  Hence  the 
Greeks  called  it  '^«.iiSor^i^a  kp'oxov. 


353.  Ezemplo.  Punishment. 
Phaedr.  iii.  fab.  vi.  20.  '  Justoque 
vindicavit  exemplo  impetum.'  So 
the  Greeks  used  crcc^ahiyfta..  Cf. 
New  Test.  Matt.  i.  19,  xai  fi»  /I'lka» 
auTr,v  •Tra.^a^iiyu.a.Tiffai,  &C.  and 
Blomfield  in  loc. 

385.  Hyperiona.  The  sun, 
the  Mithres  of  the  Persians.  Strab. 
XV.  p.  732.  Tifiuiri  Ti  xai  "HX;o», 
jv  x,a.Xouffi  M;^^av. 

389.  Exta  canum  vidi.  Hence 
Diana  was  called  Kwoff^ayhi  ^--oc. 

443.  O nine  solum  forti  patria. 
This  sentiment  is  borrowed  from 
Euripid.  Frag.  No.  27,  "Awas  (ti* 
a-/)^  ctiiru)  •Ttipafftfjt.o;,  " K'xaaa.  oi  ^6uiv 
a,w^i  yivva'iM  TecTpi;. 

607.  Ceres.  Jamieson  ;  '  Could 
we  view  it  as  of  Scythian  origin, 
it  might  be  traced  to  Suio-Goth. 
kaera,  which  is  exactly  synony- 
mous with  the  Latin  queror ;  be- 
cause she  went  from  place  to  place 
bewailing  the  loss  of  her  daughter.' 
Or  for  queres,  from  querur. 

Al.  for  geres  from  Vr,ous,  which 
is  stated  by  Hesychius  to  be  one  of 
her  names. 

jiVl.  from  cereo  which  is  said  to 
be  an  obsolete  word  for  creo,  to 
create  ;  as  producing  the  fruits  ot 
the  earth.      Valp.  Etym.  Die. 


BOOK  II. 


35.  Omne  nefas,  &c.  The 
iXairfto;,  icyiairfio;,  KteTa^iirfios  of 
the  Greeks  ;  lustratio  of  the  La- 
fins. 

87.  Scepe  canes  leporesque,  &c. 
Compare  Isaiah  xi.  6.  "  The  wolf 
also  shall  dwell  with  the  lamb, 
and  the  leopard  shall  lie  down 
with  the  kid ;  and  the  calf,  and 
the  young  lion,  and  the  falling 
together ;  and  a  little  child  shall 
lead  them." 


110.  Trnjectus  penna.  Bur- 
mann  understands  this  of  an  arrow 
with  which  the  swan  had  been 
pierced. 

195.  HcEcfait  ilia  dies.  Ovid 
must  have  mistaken  the  day  of 
their  departure  for  that  of  their 
destruction  ;  since  the  latter  is  uni- 
versally and  most  positively  said 
by  other  writers  to  have  been  the 
same  which  afterwards  acquired  a 
still  more  disastrous  celebrity  from 


324 


ADDENDA. 


the  taking  of  Rome,  and  which  is 
likewise  held  to  have  been  that  of 
the  battle  on  the  Allia.  The  day 
on  which  the  race  of  heroes  left 
Rome  was  also  not  to  be  forgot- 
ten. Niehuhr.  ii.  n.  194,  where 
see  the  history  of  this  family. 

198.  Anna  professa.  One  of 
the  senses  attached  to  the  partici- 
ple professus  by  Stephens  in  the 
Thesaurus  Ling.  Lat.  is  explained 
by  the  Greek  l-rtt.yyuXa.fj.ivii;,  in 
which  signification  it  is  to  be  taken 
in  the  text,  which  he  also  quotes, 
as  supr.  This  interpretation,  and 
its  peculiar  applicability  to  the 
text,  is  at  once  borne  out  by  the 
following  extract  from  H.  Ste- 
phens' Thesaurus  Graec.  Ling. 
'  ''EirciyyiXia.,  interea  L  de  eo  di- 
citur,  qui  aliquid  in  se  praestandum 
suscepit,  qui  sponte  agit,  non  coac- 
tus,  aut  invitus.  Ita  de  Corona. 
p.  2/1.  /.I — ' AiTi^uivTa,  o;  l-pray- 
yitXafiivo;  'J'/X/^ryau  to.  vicoom  iu-ffor,- 
aui.  Sic  adv.  Leptin.  p.  460,  27. 
Og&iv — (T'jfa.Vii^oiTa,  Toil  o>ifiov  ^"»7- 
fiarcitv,  raXcivTOM  iiuKiv  ahro;  i'Tru.y. 
yiiXafjiilo;.  I.  e.  Ultro,  Spontc  sua. 
Similiter  fere  de  Coron.  263.  pen. 
'fiv  //.'iiroi  yi  Ix.  rr,;  l^ia;  ov<ria; 
l-rxyyiiXdfiivos  VihoaKa.  Inde  ali- 
quoties,  cum  quadam  plenitudine 
dicitur,  auTi-TrccyyiXTou;  ihXovrce;  : 
de  Coron.  247,  24.  2.  Deinde 
significat  PoUiceri,  Fidem  dare, 
et  se  obstringere  ad  aliquid  praes- 
tandum ;'  of  which  many  examples 
are  given.  From  the  foregoing, 
the  phrase  arma  professa  may  be 
interpreted  of  a  war,  voluntarily 
undertaken  by  a  family,  who  bound 
themselves  of  their  own  accord  to 
bring  it  to  a  close. 

2U1.  Carmends  porta.  With- 
out doubt  they  had  previously  as- 
sembled and  sacrificed  on  the  Qui- 
rinal,  where  their  gens  was  wont 
to  celebrate  its  religious  worship, 
and  where,  perhaps,  they  all  still 
dwelt ;  as  may  be  inferred  with  re- 
gard  to   the    Comelii    from    the 


Vicus  Cornelius,  which  retained 
its  name  even  down  to  the  six- 
teenth century ;  from  thence  they 
marched  through  the  Carrnental 
gate,  which  lay  next  to  that  hill 
and  at  its  foot,  along  the  road  from 
which  they  were  never  to  return. 
All  the  Roman  gates  had  two 
arches,  one  for  such  as  were  going 
out  of  the  city,  the  other  for  such 
as  were  coming  in  -.  each  kept  to 
his  right  hand  :  five  hundred  years 
passed  away,  and  no  Roman, 
whose  mind  was  swayed  by  the 
faith  of  his  ancestors,  went  out  of 
the  city  by  this  gate. 

Its  site  was  on  the  line  drawn 
from  the  corner  below  Ara  Cell  to 
the  foot  of  the  Quirinal,  not  far 
from  Marcel  de'  Corvi,  and  is  now 
covered  by  rubbish  to  a  great 
height.  At  the  laying  out  of  Tra- 
jan's forum,  the  wails  between  this 
gate  and  the  Quirinal,  if  not  the 
gate  itself,  must  have  been  thrown 
down,  and  so  a  way  was  opened 
which  no  superstition  forbad.  As 
the  Fabii  marched  out  at  this  gate 
on  their  way  to  Etruria,  it  is  clear 
that  there  were  no  protecting  walls 
then  going  down  to  the  Tiber;  else 
they  would  have  had  to  enter 
through  another  to  get  at  the 
bridge.  However  near  any  might 
have  lived  to  it,  they  still  went 
round  to  another  gate ;  whence  Ire 
per  hanc  noli,  Sfc.  Into  the  town, 
through  the  other  arch,  every  one 
came  without  scruple  ;  as  appears 
by  the  procession  in  the  second 
Punic  war.     Livy,  xxvii.  37. 

421.  Projectis  coronis.  It  was 
usual  for  the  guests,  on  their  de- 
parture, to  throw  away  the  gar- 
lands they  had  worn  at  the  feast ; 
so  Ovid,  Ep.  xxi.  165. 

Projicit  ipsa  suas  deducta  fronte  coronas, 
Spisiaque  de  nitidis  tergit  amoina  suis. 

to  which  Moore  alludes  also  in 
the  well  known  and  exquisite 
lines  J 


ADDENDA. 


325 


I  feel  like  one. 

Who  treads  alone. 
Some  banquet-hall  deserted  ; 

Whose  lights  are  fled. 

Whose  garlands  dead, 
And  all  but  he  departed,  &c. 

615.  Et  lihate.  Lihare  is  used 
of  liquids,  as  the  (r-TTivhiit  and  Xu'- 
/s»>  of  the  Greeks. 

657.  Ut  sulet  a  magna,  §-c.  Cf. 
Byron : 

"  The  wind  was  down,  but  yet  the  sea  ran 
high." 


This  simile  is  illustrated  by 
Aulus  Gellius,  Noct.  Att.  ii.  30, 
speaking  of  the  south  or  south 
west  wind :  «'  Quibus  jam  nihil 
spirantibus  undaa  tamen  fact» 
diutius  tumenf,  et  cum  vento  qui- 
dem  jamdudum  tranquillse  sunt, 
sed  mare  est  etiam  atque  etiam 
undabundum." 

669.  Hoslis  ut  JiQspes.  Livy 
employs  a  similar  lusus  verborum, 
in  loc.  "  hostis  pro  hospite  mihi 
sibique,"  S;c. 


BOOK  III. 


116.  Quantam  nunc  aquilas. 
"  The  eagle,"  says  Johnston,  "chal- 
lengeth  the  first  place,  not  that  it 
is  the  best  dish  at  table,  for  none 
will  eat  it,  but  because  it  is  the 
king  of  the  birds."  Pindar  speaks 
■of  "  the  great  eagle,  the  chief  ma- 
gistrate of  the  birds."  Josephus 
says  that  the  eagle  was  selected 
for  the  Roman  legionary  standards, 
because  he  is  "  the  king  of  all  the 
birds,  and  the  most  powerful  of 
them  all,  whence  he  has  become 
the  emblem  of  the  empire  and 
the  omen  of  victory."  The  gol- 
den eagle  with  extended  wings 
was  borne  by  the  Persian  monarch, 
Xen.  Cyrop.  vii.  from  whom  it 
is  probable  the  Romans  adopted 
it,  as  it  was  subsequently  adopted 
from  them  by  Napoieon,  and  the 
United  States :  while  the  Persians 
themselves  may  have  borrowed  the 
symbol  from  the  ancient  Assyrians, 
in  whose  banners  it  waved  till 
Babylon  was  conquered  by  Cjtus. 
This  may  serve  to  explain  why 
the  expanded  eagle  is  so  frequently 
alluded  to  in  the  prophetic  works 
of  Scripture.  Hosea  viii.  1, 
Ezek.  xvii.  3-7.  (  Cf.  also  Psalm 
103.5.)   It  was,  no  doubt,  on  the 


same  account  that  the  eagle  was 
assigned  in  the  ancient  mytholo- 
gies as  the  bird  of  Jove.  Lib.  of 
Entert.  Knowl.  Hab.  of  Birds. 

260.  Salii.  Were  twelve  in 
number;  their  dress  consisted  of 
an  embroidered  tunic,  bound  with 
a  brazen  belt,  and  a  toga  prsetexta 
or  trabea;  on  their  head  they  wore 
a  high  cap,  shaped  like  a  cone ;  a 
sword  hung  from  their  side ;  in 
their  right  hand  they  carried  a 
spear  or  rod,  in  the  left  one  of  the 
Anciiia ;  which  however,  accord- 
ing to  Lucan.  i.  603,  hung  from 
their  neck  ;  '  Et  Salius  laeto  por- 
tans  anciiia  collo  ;*  '  The  Salii 
blithe,  with  bucklers  on  the  neck.' 
Rowe.  They  used  to  go  to  the 
Capitol  through  the  forum  and 
other  parts  of  the  city,  singing  the 
verses  called  by  Festus  axamenta 
or  assamenta,  because  they  were 
written  on  tablets.  See  Horace 
Epist.  ii.  1,  86,  Tacitus,  Annal. 
ii.  83. 

No  one  could  be  admitted  into 
the  order  of  the  Salii,  unless  a 
native  and  freeborn,  whose  father 
and  mother  were  alive.  Lucan 
calls  them  lecta  juventus  patricia, 
because  chosen  from  the  patrician 
2p 


326 


ADDENDA. 


order.  Their  chief  was  called  Prct-  or  Collini,  from  their  chapel  having 

syl ;     their     principal     musician,  been  on  the  CoHine  hill.     Those 

Votes ;  and  he  who  admitted  new  instituted  b}'  Numa  had  their  cha- 

members,   MagisUr.      Accordinjr  pel  on  the  Palatine  hill ;   whence, 

to    Dionysius,     Tullus    Hostilius  for   the  sake   of  distinction,  thej 

added    twelve    other    Salii,    who  were  called  Palatini, 
were  called  Agonales,  Agonenses, 


BOOK  IV. 


1.  Geminorum Amorum.  Ac- 
cording to  Hesiod,  Theog.  201. 
Cupido,  "Eov;,  and  Jocus  "ifjLioos, 
Cf.  Horat'od.  I.  ii.  33,  "  Quam 
Jocus  circumvolat  et  Cupido." 

4.  MolU  pectore.  '  Molle  me- 
ura  levibus  cor  est  violabile  telis;  et 
semper  causa  est  cur  ego  semper 
amem.' 

9.  Primis  sine  crimine,  8fc.  Cf. 
Amor.  II  I.  XV.  4.  '  Nee  me  de- 
liciae  dedecuere  mese.'  Horat.  Ep. 
I.  xiv.  36,  '  Nee  lusisse  pudet,  sed 
non  incidere  lusum.' 

157.  Lapsaest.  Degenerated. 
Cf.  Cic.  Leg.  ii.  1 5,  '  Mores  lapsi 
ad  rnollitiem;'  and  Liv.prsefat,  'la- 
bente  paulatim  disciplina,'  and  a 
littleafter  'ut  mores  magismagisque 
lapsi  sint.' 

165.  JVox  ubi  transient.  Cf. 
Hygin.  Post.  Astron.  ii.  21,  «Nee 
unquam  uUius  oculis  certum  est, 
sex  an  septem  existimentur.' 
Schol.  Pind.  ad  Nem,  13.  xara. 
r^»  tfristay,  esse  Septem,  sed  xara 
rht  o^if,  sex.  Hence  the[constella- 
tion  was  called  s^a^rrsjov. 

169.  Pleiades.  Vergilise  quo- 
que  dictae,  quia  earum  ortu  ver 
fiiiitur,  et  aistas  incipit ;  Festus  ; 
and  Isidorus,  Orig.  iii.  c  70.  Has 
Latini  Vergilias  dicunt  a  temporis 
sijinificatione,  quod  vere  oriuntur. 
Al.  scrib.  Virgilice  quod  virgulse 
modo  porrigantur,  ut  est  apud 
Voss.  in  Etymol.  Forcel. 

219.  At  cur  turrita.  Cf.^neid, 
vi.  786.    X.   2j3.  Lucret.   ii.  640. 


Sqq.  «Muralique  caput  summurn 
cinxere  corona,  Eximiis  munita 
locis  quod  sustinet  urbis.'  And  on 
'  cur  huic  genus  acre,'  supr.  '  Ad- 
junxere  feras,  quia  quamvis  effera 
proles  OflSciis  debet  moUiri  victa 
parentum.' 

225.  Cum  Trojam,  §-c.  Cf. 
iEneid,  i.  68,  «  Ilium  in  Italiam 
portans,  victosque  Penates.'  Sa- 
criferas  ;  because  they  bore  the 
Penates  and  Vesta. 

249.  Picta  coloribus  vstis.  Cf., 
Plin.  XXXV.  41,  'Tertium  accessit, 
resolutis  igni  ceris  penicillo  utendi, 
quce  pictum  in  navibus  nee  sole' 
nee  sale,  ventisque  corrumpitur. 
Arnobius  describes  thus  what  At- 
talus  sent  to  the  Romans  ; — '  Ex 
Phrygia  nihil  quidem  aliud  dicitur 
missum  rege  ab  Attalo,  nisi  lapis 
quidem  non  magnus,  ferri  manu 
hominis  sine  ulla  impressione  qui 
posset,  coloris  furvi,  atque  atri,  an- 
gellis  prominentibus  inajqualis.' 

288.  Pur  am.  Which  has  a  pu- 
rifying etEcacy.  The  water  with 
which  they  usually  sprinkled  them- 
selves on  coming  into  the  presence 
of  the  Gods,  was  called  ros.  Hence 
Metam.  i.  371, — 'ubi  libatos  irro- 
ravere  liquores  vestibus  et  capiti.' 

304.  Sinister  abit.  '  Nempe 
Tiberis  per  duos  alveos  in  mare 
effluit,  dextrum  et  sinistrum.' 
Burm. 

319.  Ipsa  sedens  plaustro. 
Hence  Orpheus,  Hymn.  xiii.  2. 
calls  her  chariot  txu^o^o^oi  aftfta,. 


ADDENDA. 


527 


320.  Sparguntur flore.  Lucret. 
ii.  627.  '  Ningunt  rosarum  floribus, 
umbrantes  Matrern  comitumque 
catervas. ' 

3G3.  Inspexerit.  i.e.  Ex  alto 
despexerit.  So  Virgil,  speaking  of 
the  wooden  horse,  ^neid,  ii.  47. 
Machina  inspectura  domos.  Cf. 
Nov.  Test.  1  Pet.  i.  12,— tU  S. 
i'^iiuftovffiv  ciyyiXoi  va^aKUipm. 
'  This  earnest  desire  of  the  angels 
to  contemplate  the  sufferings  of  the 
Christ,  was  emblematically  signified 
by  the  cherubim  placed  in  the  in- 
ward tabernacle  with  their  faces 
turned  down  toviaxAsthemercy-seat. 
Exod.  XXV.  20.  To  that  emblem 
there  is  a  plain  allusion  in  the  word 
■ra^ce.x,v\]/cci,  to  stoop.'  Macknight 
in  loc.  cit. 

384.  Veteresfocos.  Cf.  Horat, 
Epod.  ii.  43,  "  Sacrum  vetustis 
exstruat  lignis  forum." 

396.  Henna,  or  Enna,  was 
called  from  its  situation  as  men- 
tioned in  the  note,  umbilicus  Sici- 

UCE,    Gr.  of^paXos  "XixiXix;, 

398.  Dea  flava.  Ceres,  so  call- 
ed from  the  colour  of  ripe  corn. 


399.  Consuetis  puellis.  The 
daughters  of  Oceanus  and  Miner- 
va  and  Diana.    Horn.  Hymn,    in 

Cerer,  Tcti^ouffx^  xou^tifi  cu»  uKtatod 
lia.6vx.oXir<ii;. 

411.  Violaria,  Properly,  beds 
of  violets;  here,  violets  themselves. 

431.  Mentis  inops  rupitur. 
Hom.  in  Cerer.  43.  uer  oluvcs  i-ri 

491.  Simuldrat  anum.  Horn. 
Hymn.    y^Ki   -raXaiyuii  hjaXlyxio;. 

493.  Semperque  parens.  Never 
suffering  the  loss  of  a  child. 

531.  JDum  non  es  scelerata,  §-c. 
See  for  a  similar  oxymoron,  Me- 
tam.  iii.  5.  ix.  408.  '  facto  pius 
et  sceleratus  eodem.' 

537.  Sunion  expositum.  '  Suni- 
um's  marbled  steep.'  Byron. 

556.  Qui  late,  ^'c.  Gr.  5ravS£^«>;j. 
Ceres  thus  addresses  these  men  in 
Homer,  Hymn.  69.  i'u  ydo  2«  Tacrav 
I'pr)  ^Sovu,  xai  xaTtt,  •?rovrot  Ai^iee; 
la  oins,  xoLTccdiPiciat  LxTi^iaei, 

625.  Animo  quieto.  The  da- 
tive case  ;  the  answer  was  given 
while  the  mind  was  at  rest  in  sleep. 


BOOK  V. 


57.  Magna  fuit  quondam,  Sfc. 
Among  the  many  and  equitable 
reasons  for  rendering  to  old  age 
that  deference  and  respect  which 
it  deserves,  not  the  least  is  its  pos- 
session of  that  superior  degree  of 
knowledge,  which  is  only  to  be 
acquired  by  long  experience.  Cf. 
Euripid.  Belleroph.  Fragm.  22, 
a  yap  ^povo;  otoayf^u,  ToixiXaiTarov, 
Aristot.  Polit.  vii.  9.     'H  /mv  Hva- 

fAtS   It   VtaiTi^lllS,   h   oi   (p^OVVtffli   Iv   Tpiff- 

Bjjri^ot;  iiTTiv.  Eurip.Melan.  Fragm. 

J.7.       TlccXaiOi    a'lvos'  'Eeycc  fiiv  viu- 
Tiettf,  BovXa-f  V  i^y^ove-i  rat  yieairi- 


^uv  K^a.70i.  Cicer.  Senect.6.  Con- 
silio,  auctoritate,  sententia  res 
magnse  geruntur,  quibus  non  mode 
non  orbari,  sed  etiam  augeri  sencc- 
tus  solet. 

19S.  Rem  fortunatis,  Sj'c.  'Your 
sires' islands  of  the  blest.'  Byron. 
The  vwoi  ftax-aout  are  supposed 
by  some  to  have  been  what  are 
now  called  the  Canary  Islands.  See 
Mitsch.  in  Horat.  Ep.  xvi.  41. 
Homer,  Od.  A.  563. 

283.  Venerat  in  morem.  The 
student  shall  find  some  most  im- 
portant information  on  this  subject 


328  ADDENDA. 

by    referring  to  Adams'  Roman       600.  Pulvis  inanis,    Anacr.  iv. 

Antiquities,  Appendix  pp.  505-6.  9.    aX/y»»  xiicriftKrfa,  xitif,    Horat 

Boyd's  edition,  1834.  IV.  Od.  vii.   16.     Pulvis  et  um- 

551.  Ilia  jubavi  dcxtra.     Lu-  bra  sumus. 
clan,  Dial.   Zephyr,  et  Not.   fi  U        624.    Solita  fallere   voce.     Cf. 

rn  Xaia   fit*  ii^iro  raZ  xi^arof,    us  Horat.   I.    Epist.  Xvi.    58,    *  Quan- 

«.>)  uToXiirid.'Joi,  rti  trsaa  'h\  rittfiu-  docunque  deos  vcl  porco,  vel  bove 

a:»av  TO*  irlirXtv  ^vHi;^t.  placat ;    Jane    pater    clare,    clare 

577.  Pars  putat,  Sfc.    Nonius,  quum  dixit  Apollo  ;Labramovetme- 

'  Quum  in  quintum  gradum  per-  tuens  audiri ;  pulchra  Laverna,  Da 

venerant,  atque  habebant  sexaginta  mihi  fallere,    da  justo  sanctoque 

aiinos,  turn  denique  erant  a  pub-  videri :   Noctem  peccatis,  et  frau- 

licis  negotiis  liberi  atque  expediti  dibus  objice  nubem.' 
et  otiosi :  ideo  in  proverbium  qui-        645.     Hie    eques,     ille   pvgil 

dam  putant  venisse^sexagenanos  de  Schol.   Pind.  144.     Karre^d  f'lv- 

ponte  dejici  oportere,  id  est,  quod  9riia.fi.0v,  ko.)  aiSXo(pe^a*  ILiXvStvxsa. 

suffr^ium  non  ferant,   quod    per  Horn.  Iliad,  iii.  237. 
pontum  ferebant.' 


BOOK  VI. 


10.  Obstreperetur.  Obstrepere  657.  Temporibus  veterum.  Ac- 
is  especially  used  to  signify  the  cording  to  Perizonius,  Animad. 
murmuring  of  waters,  or  the  whis-  Histor.  c.  6,  it  was  customary 
paring  of  the  wind  among  the  among  the  ancient  Romans  for  the 
leaves  of  the  trees.  praises  of  great  men  to  be  sung  to 

133.    Qui  frondibus  olim  esse  the  flute  at  their  banquets;  a  fact 

solet  seris.      Cf.  Macbeth,  Act  v.  which    Cicero   only  learned   from 

Sc.  ii.  Cato,  who  seems  to  have  spoken  of 

it  as  a  usage  no  longer  subsisting ; 

"I  have  lived  long  enough;  my  way  of  Tusc.  Quaest.  iv.  3.  "  Gravissimus 

life  auctor  in  Originibus  dixit    Cato, 

Is  fallen  into  the  sear,  the  yeUow  leaf."  morera  apud  majores  hunc  epula- 

rum  fuisse,  ut  deinceps,  qui  accu- 

240.  Mens.     Gr.  MSt/j.  barent,  canerent  ad  tibiam  claro- 

275.  JVec  tu  aliud  Vestam,  Sfc.  rum    virorum    laudes    atque  vir- 

Lactant.    Inst.  I.  xii.  5.     '  Quia  tutes." 

is^nis    inviolabile    sit  elementum.  The  Naenia,  one  of  the  various 

nihilque  nasci  possit  ex  eo,  quippe  forms  of  Roman  popular  poetry, 

qui   omnia,  quae  arripuerit,  absu-  containing  the  praises  of  the  dead, 

mat.'  was  also  sung  to  the  flute  at  the 

320.  Putant  aliquos  tcilicet  esse  funeral  processions.       Cicero  de 

deos.      Compare    Psalm   xlii.   3.  Legib.  ii.  24. 

'  My  tears    have    been  my  meat  659.  Cantabatfanis.   The  flute, 

day   and  night,  while   they  daily  Gr.  alxi;,  was  used  in  the  sacri- 

say  unto  me.    Where  is  now  thy  fices    of    the    gods,     at    festivals. 

God?'  games,  entertainments,  and  fune- 


ADDENDA. 


329 


rals.  Minerva  is  said  to  have  in- 
vented the  straight,  and  Pan  the 
oblique  flute:   Bion.  Idyll,  iii.  7  ; 

'ii(  ivoi*  TXay'iuuXov  o  Xlxv,  ai;  avXov 
'Afava. 

In  scripture  Jubal  is  mentioned  as 
the  inventor  of  the  flute ;  Gen. 
iv.  21.  Among  the  Greeks  the 
first  inventor  of  this  instrument  is 


said  to  have  been  Hyaglus,  a  Phry- 
gian, who  lived  in  the  time  of 
Joshua.  Flutes  were  made  of  the 
bones  of  stags  or  fawns,  and  hence 
called  Mi^^iwi  aiikai ;  the  manufac- 
turing them  of  such  materials  is 
ascribed  to  the  Thebans.  They 
were  also  made  of  the  bones  of 
asses,  and  of  elephants;  likewise 
of  reed,  box,  and  lotus ;  Fast.  iv. 
N.  190. 


2f  2 


INDEX 


PROPER   NAMES. 


Note — The  nvmerah  refer  to  the  book,  and  thefigureito  Vie  line  of 
each  book  in  which  Ute  tcord  occurs. 


ACASTUS,  ii.40 

Acca,  iv.  826 
Achates,  iii.  603 
Acheloii?,  ii.  43,  v.  343 
Achilles,  v.  403 
Acis,  iv.442 
Acragas,  iv.  449 

Actiacae  frondPS,  i.  647 

Aptorides,  ii.  39 

Adrastus,  vi.  387 

iEacides,  v.  386 

.Ediles  Plebis,  v.  287 

-Egaeum,  ir  539 

.SiS'eus,  ii.  41 

^Emoniae    aquae,    ii.    40, 
puer,  V.  396 

-'Eneadm,  i.  653 

jEneas,  i.  477,  ii. '425,  iii. 
546,  602,  iv.37,  845 

.Solius  career,  ii.  338 

^qui,  vi.  663 

.Squicoli,  iii.  91 

;Ethra,  v.  171 

iEtna,  iv.  4&'> 

Africanus,  i.  543 

Ag'anippp,  v.  7 

Aarenoriiis  bos,  vi.  654 

Agonalia,  i.325 

Agrippa,  iv.  49 

Alba,  iv.  44 

Alba  Long-a,  ii.  381 

Albani,  iii.  89 

Albula,  ii.  299 

Aloides,  i.  525 

Alg-ida  terra,  vi.  664 

Alrno,  il  433,  iv.311 

Alpinus  hostis,  vi.  312 

Am.althea,  v.  115 

Amata,  iv.  845 

Ameoanu?,  iv.  441 

Amores  gemini,  iv.  1 

Ampelog.iii.  407 

Amphiaraides,  ii.  43 

Amphitritp,  v.  675 

Amulius,  iii  47,  65,  iv.  53 

Anapus,  iv.  44.3 

Anchises.  iv.  35 

Ancilp.  iii.375 

Anguis.  ii.  211 

Anna  Perenna,  iii.  144, 
519,  655 

Antenor,  iv.  75 

Aoniae,  aqune,  iii.  454,  hu- 
mus, i.  440 

Aphidaa,  v.  652 


Appius  Caeciis,  vi.  187 
Aprilis,  iv.  89 
Aquarius,  ii  339 
Aquila,  v.  675,  Romana, 

v.  530 
Arabes,  iv.  543 
Arcadia,!.  41'2 
Arctophylax,  ii.  158 
Arctos,  ;ii.  157,   duai,  iii, 
:i05 

Ardea,  ii.  603 
Aretbusa,  iv.  .397 
Argei,  iii.  770 
Arg'estes,  V.  IGl 
Arg-os,  v.59a,  vi.  47 
Ariadnes  corona,  iii.  457 
Aricina  vallis,  iii.  261 
Aricini,  iii.  89 
Aries,  iii.  846 
Arion,  ii.  83 
Aristae  us,  i.  363 
Ascrseae  oves,  vi.  14 
Assaracus,  iv.  34,  909 
Asylum,  ii.  67 
Athamas,  vi.  443,  509 
Atlas,  ii.  372,  v.  83 
Attalus,  iv.  240 
Attica,  iv.  476 
Attis,  V.  227 
Arentinus,  iv.  51 
Aug-usta,  i.  486 
Augusti,  i.  481 
Aurora,  i.  411 
Ausonia,  iv.  264 
Auaonii,  iv.  240 

BACCB.E  L.itise,  vi.  461 
Bacchus,  i.  360,  iii.  466, 

480,692,715,716,  T.  345 
Battus,  iii.  571 
Bellona,  vi.   185 
Berecynthia,  iv.  329,  tibia, 

iv.  181 
Bootes,  iii.  403 
Boreas,  v.  203 
Bnvillas,  iii.66S 
Briareus,  iii.  784 
Brutus,  ii.  599,  vi.  415 

Cacus,  i  500 
Cadmeis,  vi.  507 
Cadmus,  i.  440 
Caducifer,  iv.  579 
Ceoina,  ii.  125 


Cjesar,  Au^stns,  i.  540, 

iv.  650,  Germanicus,  i. 

3,  2a5,  Julius,  iii.  1.54, 

681,  iv.  .153 
Calabrse  aquse,  v.  162 
Callaicus,  vi.415 
Calliopea,  v.  80 
Callisto,  ii.   156 
CalpetuSjiv.  46 
Camere,  iii.  583 
Camerina,  iv.  451  , 
Camillus,  vi.  168 
Cancer,   i.  313 
Capella  Olenia,  v.  113 
Capitolium,  i.  403,  ii.549. 

vi.  73 
Caprea  palus,  ii.  373 
Capta  Minerva,  iii.  816 
Capys,  iv.  34,  35 
Carmenta,  i.  449 
Carna,  vi.  101 
Carseoli,  iv.  684 
Carthag-o,  vi  45 
Carystus,  iv.  256 
Castor,  v.  653 
Cecropidse,  iii.  79     • 
CetensE,  iv.  337 
Celteno,  iv.  173 
Celer,  iv.  805 
Celeus,  iv.482 
Centaurus,  v.  401 
Cerealia,  iv.  593,  dona,  i. 

619,  herbaj,  iv.  877 
Ceres,   i.  640,  iii.  367,  iv. 

375,  468,  593,  619,  solida, 

vi.  335 
Chalybeia  massa,  iv,  379 
Chaos,  i.  103 
Charistia,  ii.  499 
Charites.v.  219 
Charybdis,  iv.  473 
Chiron,  v.  375,  409 
Chloris,  V.  195 
Circe,  iv.  70 

Circus  Maximus,  ii.  302 
Claudia,  iv.  279 
Claudius,  iv.  840 
Claviger,  Deus,   i.     228, 

Heros,  i.  494 
Clausus,  iv.  279 
Clio,  V. 54 
Clotho,  vi.  699 
Clusius,i.  130 
Clymenus,  Ti.  699 
Culchos,  iii-  855 


S32 


INDEX. 


CoUatinus,  u.  C15 
Concordia,  i.  575,  ii.  513, 

iii  860,  vi.  91 
Consnl.U.  733 
Census,  iii.  li)7 
Corinthus,  iv.  475 
Corona  Gnossis,  iii.  457, 

querna,  i   "i(>4 
Coronides,  vi.  G88 
Coronis,  i.  291 
Corvinus,  i.  .552 
Corvos,  ii.2Il 
Corybantes,  iv.  210 
Crassi,  v.  .527 
Crassus,  vi  419 
Crater,  ii.  212 
Crathis,  iii.  582 
Cremera,  ii.  173 
Creta,  iii.  79 
Creticus,  i.  .544 
Crocos,  V.  227 
Cumaea  anus,iv.  158 
Cure-s,  ii.  135,  ui.  92,  199 
Curetes,  iv.  210 
Curio,  ii.  527 
Curius,  V.  131 
Cyane,  iv.  443 
Cybele,  iv.  191,  223 
Cyclades,  iv.  2-55 
Cyclopes,  iv  262,  447 
Cyllene,  ii.  244,v.  87 
Cynosura,iii.  105 
Cynthia,  ii.  91,  159 
Cvntliius,  iii.  346 
Cythera,  iv.  260 
Cytliereius  mensis,  iv.  19.3 
Cytlieriacamyrtus,  iv.  15 

Dardania,  dotnas,  vi.  42, 
dux,  ii.  562,  pinus,  i.  469 

Dardanus,  iv.  31 

Daunus,  iv.  76 

December,  iii.  56  _ 

Decemviri,  ii.  54,  iv.  358 

Delphin,  ii.  79 

Deorum  Mater,  iv.  237 

Diana,  i.  387,  ii.  155,  iii. 
79.  vi.  687 

Diania  turba.  v.  141 

DictJei  greges,  v.  118 

Dictynna,  vi.697 

Didius.vi.  .522 

Dido,  iii.  546 

Didyme,  iv.  449 

Dindymus,  iv.223 

Dione,  ii.  343,  v.  309 

Dis,  iv.  423 

Dodonis,  vi.  653 

Doris,  iv.  652 

Drusus,  i.  12,  547 

Eetiov,  IV.  2.54 
Egeria,  iii.  152,  273  ' 
Eleotra,  iv.  31,vi.  42 
Eleusin,  iv.  481 
Elissa,  iii.  554 
Eos,  iii.  856 
Epeus,  iii.  804 
Equiria,  ii.  741,  iii.  515 
Erato,  iv.  195 
Erechthea  domus,  v.  204 
Erichthonius,  iv.  33 
Eryx,  iv.450,  840 
EsquilisB.-  i".  244,  vi.  555 


Evander,  i.  421 
Euboicura  carmen,  iv.  231 

Fabii,  ii.  164,  285  ' 
Falisci,  i.  84,  iii.  87,  822, 

iv.  74,  vi.  49 
Fasces,  i   81 
Fasti,  i.  11 
Faiiniis,  iii.  289,  a^restis, 

ii.  161,  bicornis,  ii.  2:36, 

cornipes,  ii.  271-     Ly- 

cajiis,  ii.  3.34,  piniger, 

iii.  82,  seiniciiper,  v.  101 
Faustuius,  iii.  54,  iv.  826 
Februa,  ii.  19,  iv.  700 
Fenestella,  vi.  .532 
Feralia,  ii.  451 
Flainen,  ii.  21 
Flaminica,  ii.  27,    Dialis, 

vi.  226,  ii.  2.50,  Quirina- 

lis,  iv.876 
Flaminius,  vi.  707 
Flora,  V.  195 
Fornax,  ii.  407 
Fortuna,  vi.  .523,  Fors,  vi. 

715,  publira,  iv.  3.50,  vi. 

rilis,  ir.  145 
Forum,  i.  .302,  Augustura, 

V.496.  Mairnum,  iii.  683. 
Furius,  i.  577. 

Gabii,  ii  572. 
Galatea,  vi.  675. 
Galli,  iv.  336.  vi.  305. 
Gallus,  iv.  338. 
Ganges,  iii.  708. 
Gatiymedes,  vi.  43. 
Gelas,  iv.  444. 
Gemini,  v.  637 
Genii,  iii.  56 
Genius,  ii,  427,  v.  145 
Gigantes,  iii.  437,  v.  2b 
Glaucus,  vi.  692 
Gradivus,  ii.  743,  iii.  167 
Graecia  Major,  iv.  64 
Graiie,  vi.  107 
Gyges,  iv.  567 

Hadriaclm,  iv.  475 
Hwmus,  i.  390 
Halcyone,  iv.  173 
Halesus,  iv.  73 
Hamadrvades,  ii.  155 
Hasdrub'al,  vi.  712 
Hastati,  iU.  126 
Hebe,  vi.  65 
Hebrus,  iii.  716 
Hecate,  i.  141 
Hector,  v.  381 
Helernus,  vi.  105 
Heliades,  vi.  659 
Helice,  iii  106 
Helicon,  iv.  193 
Helle,  iii.  836 
Hellespontus,  iv.  541 
Helorus,  iv.  451 
Henna,  iv.  396 
Hercules,  i.  493.  Custos, 

vi.  193 
Hernici,  iii.  88 
Hesperia,  i.  448 
Hetrusci,  i.  577 
Hiraera,  iv.  449 
Hippocrene,  v.  7 


Hippolytu?,  iii.  263.  V-  209 
Honos,  V.  23,  66 
HorJE,  V.  217 
Hyades,  v.  164 
Hyas,  V.  170 
Hymensus,  ii  442 
Hyperion,  i.  385 
Hyperionis,  v.  159 
Hypsipylwa  tellus,  iii.  80 
Hyriea  proles,  vi.  661. 

Janalis  virga,  vi.  149 
Jani,i.2.57 
Janiculum,  i.  246 
Janus,  i.  64,  127,  iii.  860, 

vi.  113 
larba,  iii.  .5.53 
lason,  i.  441 
Icarium,  iv.  257 
Icarus,  iv.  258 
Ida  Crt-twa,  v.  115,  Phry- 

gia,  iv.  7.'',  246 
Idasus,  judex,  vi.  44.  Pa 

tens,  iv.  182,  puer,  ii. 

145 
Idas,  V.  645 
Idus,  i.  56 

Ilia,  ii  293,  iii.  II,  iv.  54 
Iliaci,  foci,  iii.  140,  ignes, 

iii.  27,  opes,  iv.  224,  Ves- 
ta, vi.  211,  urbs,  vi.  376 
Iliadae  fratres,  iii.  60 
Iliades,  iv.  23.  v.  509 
Inachia,  bos,  iii.  659,  littus, 

v.  600 
Inarhis,  i.  404 
Indi  depexi,  iii.  463 
Indus,  iii.  699 
Ino,  iiL  838,  vi.  439 
Ionium,  iv.  540 
Isauricus,  i.  543 
Ismarus,  iii.  408 
Itvs,  iv.  4.56 
lulei,  avi,  iv.  124,   nobi- 

litas,  V.  60S 
Julia,  i.4S6 
Julia  domus,  iv.  40 
lulus,  iv.  39 
Junius,  V.  78,  vi.  26,  95 
Juno,  V.  231,  Lucina,  iii. 

24.5,     Moneta,    vi.     107. 

Sospita,  ii.  56 
Junonale  tempus,  vi.  63. 
Junonius  mensis,  vi.  61 
Jupiter,  v.  230,   Capitoli. 

nus,  vi.  170,  Elicius,  iii. 

32,5,  Pistor,  vi.  304,  Sta- 

tor,  vi.  735,  Stygius,  v. 

444,    Tarpeius,   vi.   SI, 

Tonans,  ii.  69,    Victor, 

iv.  595. 
Justitia,  i.  249 
Juturna,ii.467 
Juturnae  lacus,  i.  644,  ii. 

C03 

Kalend.£,  i.  55 

Lacus,  Aricinus,  vi.  698, 
Curtius,  vi.  357,  Jutur- 
nae,  i.  644,  Trasimenu», 
vi.  707 

Ladon,  ii.  242 

Laenas,  v-  330 

Lrestrygones,  iv.  69 


INDEX. 


333 


Lanuvium,  vi.  60 
l.aomedon,  vi.  3-S4 
Lara.  U.  481 
Larda,  vi.  153 
Larentalia.  iii;  55 
Larentia,  iii.  53 
Lares,  ii.  498,  incinrti,  ii. 

51C,  Praestites,  v.  129 
Latinus,  ii.  426,  iv.  43 
Latiura,  i  238,  iii.  83 
Lavinia,  iii-  630 
Laasus,  iv.  54 
Learchns,  vi.  444 
Lemares,  V.  479 
Lemuria,  v.  417 
Leo,  1 .591 
Leontini,  iv.  441 
Lernse  Echidna,  v.  401 
Lesbos,  iv.  2.55 
Leucadius  modus,  v.  574 
Leucippus,  V.  646 
Leucothee,  vi.  455 
Liber,  iii.  463 
Libera,  iii.  508 
Libyca  fera,   v,  178,  fre- 

tum,  iii.  569 
Libys,  iv.  544 
Liljrboeuro,  iv,  453 
Li  via,  i.  581 
Livia  porticas,  vi.  581 
Luceres,  iii.  130 
Lucina,  iii.  2.53,  vi.  39 
Lucretia,  ii.  623 
Luna,  iii.  862 
Lupercal,  ii.  291 
Luperci,  ii.  31,  269,  cine. 

tuti.v.  101 
Lycurgu?,  iii.  701 
Lynceiis,  v.  655 
Lyra,  i.  316,  Lesbis,  ii.  82 

MilNA,  ii.  460 

Maenades,    Threiciae,    iv. 

432,  Ausonia,  vi.  458 
Maenalis,  Diva,  i,  570,  ora, 

iii.  82 
Manalos,  V.  89 
Msonides,  ii.  120 
Majpius  Pompeias,  i.  553 
Maia,  iv  174 
Msgestas,  v.  25 
Mains,  v,  73 
Mamorius,  iii.  381 
Manes,  ii.  417,  724 
Manlius,  vi.  169 
Marcia,  vi.  744 
Mars,  iii.  2,  171,   v.  229, 

Ultor,  5,  521,  bis  ultus, 

V.539 
I^farsa  ncenia,  vi.  126 
Martia,  avis,  iii.  35,  cam. 

pns,   ii.  742,  proles,  iii. 

57 
Masinissa,  vi.  711 
Mater  Phrvgia,  ii.  55. 
Matralia.  vi.  429 
Matuta,  vi.  433 
Mauri,  vi.  228 
Maxiraus  Fabius,   i.  556. 

ii.  209 
Medusa,  iii.  443 
Megalesia,  iv.  331 
Megarea,  iv.  445 
Melas,  iv,  450 


Melicerta,  vi.  448 
Melite,  iii.  568 
Memnonis,  iv.  687 
Mens,  vi.  225 
Mercuriiis,  v.  617 
Meroe,  iv.  544  _ 
Merope,  iv.  175 
Metanira,  iv.  513 
Metellus,  iv.  322,  vi.  398. 
Metus,  V.  29 
Mezentius,  iv.  8-57 
Miluus,  iii.  773 
Minerva,  iii.  5,  174,  791, 

816,  V.  231,  vi.  594 
Mulciber,  i.  .504 
Mutinensia  arroa,  iv.  601 
Mycenae,  iii.  81 
MystJe,  iv.  510 

Narcissus,  v.  225 

Nasica,  iv  321 

Neritius  dux,  iv.  69 

Nestor,  iii.  529 

Nilus,  v.  268 

Nissei  canes,  iv.  474 

Momentum ,  iv.  871 

Nonacris,  ii.  243 

NonsB,  i-  57 

Numa    Pompilius,  i    43, 
iii.  150 

Numantinns,  i   .546 

Numicius,  iii.  648 

Numidicus,  i.  545 

Numitor,  iv.  53 

Nymphae  Cretides,  iii.  441, 
Nysiades,  iii.  748,  Tiber- 
aides,  ii.  479 

OCEANUS,  V.  21,  81 

CEbalidffl,  v.  649 

CEbalides  matres,  iii.  228 

CEbalius  Tatius,  i.  260 

CEnides,  iv.  76 

CEtKus,  vi.  473 

Olenia  arva,  v.  251.    Ca- 

pella,  V.  113 
Olympus,  i.  307' 
Ophiuchus,  vi.  677 
Ops,  vi.  269 
Orion,  iv.  362,  v.  489 
Orionis  Zona,  vi.  729 
Orty^JB  bovps,  v.  636 
Ortvgie,  iv.  445 
Ossa.i.  307 
Othryades,  ii.  547 

Pachtnos,  iv.  453 
Padus,  iv,  .545 
Paean,  iv.  237 
Pagasjei,!  colles,    v.    397. 

lason.i.  441 
Palsemon,  vi.  4-55 
Pales,  iv.  614.  748 
Palilia,  iv.  695 
Palilis  flamma,  iv.  770 
Palladium,  vi.  378 
Pallantias.iv.  347. 
Pallantis,  vi.  521 
Pallas,  i.  471 
Pallas,  vide  Minerva 
Pan,  ii.  239 
Panes,  i.  398 
Pangaea,  iii.  718 
Panope,  vi.  453 


Pantagie,  iv.  445 
ParcSB,  iii.  781 
Parrhasia,  i.  42* 
Parrhasides  Stella,  iv.  551 
Parthi.  v.  524 
Patres,  v.  71 
Patulcius,  i.  129 
Pax,  i.  640,  64? 
Pesfasus,  iii.  448 
Peiasgi,ii.  249 
Pelens,  ii.  39,  v.  404 
PeligTii,  iii,  93 
Pelorus,  iv.  453 
Pentheus,  iii.  700 
Pergama,  i.  475.  vi.  101 
Persephone,  iv.  426 
Persis,  i.385 
Phaedra,  vi.  67.^' 
Phariajuvencp,  v.  K3 
Phasis,  ii.  42 
Philippi,  iii.  680 
Philippus,  vi.  743 " 
Phillyrides,  v.  379 
Phineus,  vi.  115 
Phocus,  ii.  39 
Phoebe  et  soror,  r.  04.3 
Phcebus,  vi.  (U'J 
Pholoe,  ii.241 
Phrygia,  iv.  239 
Phryxea,    ovis,    iii.    831. 

soror,  iv.  252 
Phryxus,  iii.  837 
Pious,  iii.  289 
Pierides,  vi.  741 
Pilani,  iii.  127 
Piraeus,  iv.  537 
Pisces,  iL  339 
Plautius,vi.  627 
Pleiades,  iv.  169,  v.  84 
Pleione,  v.  83 
Ptenus,  iii.  146 
Pollux,  v.  6.55 
Polyhymnia,  v.  9 
Pontificale  caput,  iii.  685, 

honos,  iii.   418,  sacrum, 

i.  412 
Porrima,  i.  569 
Porta,    Capena,    iv,    319, 

Carmentis,  ii.  169,  Col. 

Una,  iv.  837 
Portunus,  vi.  501 
Posthumius,  v.  330 
Poithumus,   iv.    41,    Tu- 

bertus,  vi.  665 
Postverta,  i.  569 
Praenestina  Dea,  vi.  62 
Priamides,  vi.  15 
Priamus,  vi.  385 
Principes,  iii.  127 
Proca,  iv.  52,  vi.  127 
Proculus  Julius,  ii.  381 
Progne  et  soror.  ii.  511, 

737 
Propontis,  v,  257 
Proteus,  i.  367 
Publicii.  V  283 
Publicium  iter,  v.  294 
Pudor,  V.  29 
Punica  poma,  iv.  5H2 
Pygmalion,  iii.  574 
Pyrrhus,  vi.  187,  671 

QuATUoaNotae,  v.  67! 
QuinctilU,  iJ.2S8 


334 


INDEX. 


Quinquatria,  minora,  vi. 

o93 
Quintilis,  iii.  147 
yuirinus, ii.  857.    Marti- 

^ena,  i.  199,  trabeatus, 

i.37 
Quirites,».  361,  iii.  275,  iv. 

827,  straininei,  v.  675 

Ramxes,  iii.  130 
Resis  fuga,  ii. 567,  v.  672 
Reraulus,  iv.  49 
Rerauria,  v.  475 
Remus,  ii.  282,  iii.  68,  iv. 

oG,  789,  813,  V.  400 
Reverentia,  v.  23 
Rex,  nemorensis,  iii.  269, 

sacrificulus,  i.  333 
Rhea,  iv.  201 
Rhenus,  i.  286 
Rhodanus,  iv.  545 
Rhodope,  iii  718 
Romulus, i.  29,  iii.95,  vi.  84 
Rilbigo,  iv.  873 
Rumina  ficus,  ii.  322 
Rutilius,  vi.517 
Rutuli,  iv.  849 

.Sabini,  i.  273,  vi.  201 
Salus  Romana,  iii.  801 
Samos,  vi.  4S 
SancusFidius  Semo,  197 
Sapjei,  i.  389 
Saturnia,  i.  237 
Saturnus,  i.  2.35 
Sceleratus  vicus,  vi.  563 
Scorpios,  iii.  691 
ScytltEB,  iii.  698,  iv.  82 
Semele,  iii.  694,  vi.  457 
Senatus,  v,  64 
Servius  Tullius,  vi.  434, 

52.5,535,  .574,725 
Sibylla,  iii.  .530,  iv.  841 
Sidonii,  iii.  100 
Sidonis,  iii.  650,  v.  561 
Sigeura,  iv.  254 
Sisyphus,  iv.  175 
Sithones,  iii.  70S 
Smlntheus,  vi.X379 
Solymus,  iv.  79. 
Somnus,  iv.  627 
Sparta,  iii.  81 
Sterope,  iv.  172 


Stimala,  vi.  4.57 
Stultorura  fe<ta,  ii.  395 
Stymphalus,  ii.241 
Styx,  ii.  418,  iii.  320,  781 
Sulla,  vi.  190 
Sulmo,  iv.80 
Suminanus,  vi.  673 
Suninn,  iv.  .537 
Sylvia,  iii  43 
Sylvius,  iv.  42 
SymsEtlius,  iv.  446 
Svpliax,  vi.  711 
Syracuse,  iv.  839 
Syri,  ii.  a56 
Syrtes,  iv.  473 

Tacita,  ii.  454 
TEEnaria  valli?,  iv.  586 
Tantalidffifratres,  ii.509 
Tantalides,  v.  307 
Tarpeia,  i.  201 
Tarpeiae  arces,  i.  79 
Tarquinius, Sextus,  ii.  573. 

Superbus,  ii.  569,  vi.  554 
Tartara,  iii.  621,  iv.  579 
Tatius,  i.  262 
Tauromenos.  iv.  449 
Taurus,  v.  547 
Taygete,  iv.  174 
Tegeaea,  domus,  i.  495,  sa- 

cerdos,  vi.  485 
Telegonus,  iii.  90,  iv.  71 
Temesaa  sera,  v.  437 
Terapestas,  vi  177 
Tenedos,  iv.  254 
Terenti  vad.i,  i.  451 
Tereus,  ii.  738 
Terminus,  ii.  50,  523 
Tethvs,  ii.  159,  v.  22,81 
Thalia,  v.  54 
Thapsos,  iv.  451 
Themis,  iii.  059 
Therapnseus  sanguis,   v. 

223 
Theseus,  iii.  473,  vi.  679 
Thestiades,  v.  305 
Thrace,  v.  2oi 
Thyades,  vi.  408 
Thyene.vi.  653 
Thyreatis  terra,  ii.  545 
Thyrsus,  iii.  743 
Tiberini,  ludi,  vi.  222,  ostia 

iv.  303 


Tiberinus,  iv.  47,  S65 
Tibris,  i.  242 
Tibur,  iv.  71,  vi.007 
Titaiws,  iii.  776 
Titania,  iv.  90!M 
Tithonus,  i.  411 
Titienses,  iii.  129 
Titus,  i.  260 
Tolenum,  vi.  519 
Tonans,  ii.  09 
Torquatu?,  i  .551 
Trasimena  litora,  vi.  707 
Trinacris,  iv.  394 
Triptolemus,  iv.  524 
Tritonia,  vi.  .597 
Trivia,  i.  141,3s9 
Troezena,  vi.  6S1 
Troja,  i.  473,  iv.   225,  v. 

385 
Tros,  iv.  33 
Tubilustria,  v.  609 
TuUia,  vi.  541 
Turnus,  iv.'  845 
Tychius,  iii.  803 
Tydeus,  i.  441 
Tyndaridae  fratres,  v.  644 
Typhccus,  i.  .523,  iv.  465 
Typhon,  ii.  .343 
Tyrii,  iii.  550 
Tyrius,mure.x,  ii.  107,  pa- 

ratus,  iii   628,  puella,  v 

549 
Tyros,  iii.  032 

Vacuna,  vi.  289 

Vacunales  foci,  vi.  290 

Veientia  arva,  ii   163 

Vfiovis  templum,  iii.  428 

Venus,  iv.27,  36,  119,  843 

Vesta,  iii.  415,  424,  077. 
vi.  233,251,275,  281,  334, 

Vestalis.iii.  11,  humo  de- 
fossa,  vi.  412 

Vinalia,  iv.  8.35 

Vindemitor,  iii.  405 

Virbius,  vi.  698 

Ulixes,  vi.  387 

Volsci,  vi.  663 

Uranie,  V.55 

Vulcanus,  v.  669 

Z ANCLE,  iv.  473' 
Zephyrus,  v.  201 


THE    END. 


Dublin  :  Printed  by  Johm  S.  Fold.s,  5,  B.ichelor's-Walk. 


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