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Understanding Diversity

Field Museum of Natural History 1989/1990 Biennial Report

Introduction, Page 2

Investigating Diversity in Nature, Page 4

Financial report, Page 20
Donors to the Collections, Page 34
Understanding Diversity in Human Cultures, Page 38
Volunteers, Page 44

Trustees, Officers & Committees, Page 48

The diversity of life is extraordinary. There are said
to be a million or so different kinds of living animals, and hundreds of
thousands of kinds of plants.

But we don't need to think of the world at large. It is
amazing enough to stop and look at a forest or at a meadow — at the
grass and trees and caterpillars and hawks and deer.

how did all of these different kinds of things come
about; what forces governed their evolution; what forces maintain their
numbers and determine their survival or extinction; what are their rela-
tions to each other and to the physical environment in which they llve?

These are the problems of natural history, problems
that concern ourselves as animals and that concern us even more as
originators of this thing called civilization — which is, after all, merely a
rather special sort of an animal community.

Marston Bates, The Nature of Natural History

Charles Scribner's Sons, 1950. Reprinted by Prince'

Introduction

The

Objects of

Our

Affection

Pictured in this report

are a few dozen of the

nearly 20 million

natural history

specimens and

cultural artifacts in the

Field Museum

collections, along with

a very few of the staff

members, volunteers,

contributors, and

visitors who make

these inert objects

come alive.

livery large organization lives with a verbal shorthand that compresses
complex ideas or experience into a word or phrase. This seems inevitable, and the
Field Museum is no exception to the rule. What should not be inevitable is that we
fail to explain ourselves when we communicate with our friends.

Among the Museum's most pervasive buzzwords are systematics and
cultural understanding. Between them, they represent a large part of what we are about
as an institution — the kind of research we do and the ethos that governs our
educational work. In this report we've tried to illuminate those concepts. I hope that
through them readers will gain a better understanding or the special role the Museum
plays in basic science, environmental education, and human relations.

As I conclude my term as chairman of the Museum's Board of Trustees,
I want to thank my colleagues, the Museum staff and volunteers, the Chicago Park
District, and our public, corporate, and individual donors for helping prepare the
ground for the Museum's second century.

In this regard, I should call attention to one fact that pops out of the
financial figures in this report. In 1990, unrestricted contributions by individuals and
family foundations increased 33 percent over 1989, and represented 65 percent of
total unrestricted giving, up from 55 percent in previous years. Despite the recession,
total unrestricted giving increased by 1 1 percent, to more than $2 million. These
increases reflect not so much larger individual contributions as a large increase in the
number of contributors. That is a happy development, not least because it creates a
new base from which to build even larger constituencies in the future.

Robert A. Pritzker, Chairman, Board of Trustees

'Systematics' and 'Cultural Understanding' —
Between Them, These Words Represent a Large Part of What

We Are About As an Institution

Opposite: An Egyptian mortuary cloth depicting the goddess Osiris. Above right: a bronze mirror with a handle in the shape of a
woman holding a papyrus blossom over her head. Both objects were collected by Edward E. Ayer in 1895

Investigating Diversity in the Neotropics

Fungi, Fishes, Relict Forests, the Advance of the
Angiosperms, the Family Life of the Blackbirds,

and the Rise of Tiwanaku

Inset: Jalcophila peruviana, a new genus and species of the sunflower family, Asteraceae, found by Michael 0. Dillon in the Andes of

northern Peru. (Illustration by Peruvian professor Segundo Leiva Gonzales.)
Background: Azorella compacta, an Andean cushion plant of the carrot family, Umbelliferae.

When Field Museum
scientists are "in the field," that could
mean Borneo or Iowa or Kenya, or any
of numerous other locations around the
world. But chances of bumping into a
curator are highest in the New World,
between latitudes 23.5° north and 23.5°
south: the neotropics.

No doubt there are many
idiosyncratic reasons why one-third of
the Museum's curators — a dozen
Ph.D.s with as many different research
interests — have chosen to work in this
region. The most important reasons,
however, have to do with institutional
tradition and commitments (the
Museum's Flora of Peru project, for
example, has been the work of
generations of curators since 1921), and
the extreme diversity of tropical
environments that so excites museum
people. [See page 7.]

Within this relatively small
area of Central America and northern
South America, Field Museum curators
have in recent years been able to study

the effect of ocean currents on desert
vegetation [page 10] and, not far away,
the ecological associations of small
mammals in Andean rain
forests. They have
catalogued the 400 species
of the coffee family in
Costa Rica, among other
floras and faunas, and
have been mapping the
variation among the
thousands of species of
tetras in the tropical
freshwater streams of
Venezuela. On the shores
of Lake Titicaca, they are unearthing the
succession of cultures that led to the rise
and ultimate demise of one of the
earliest empires in the Americas. In the
Peruvian highlands, they have demon-
strated the independent evolution of
birds confined to mountain peaks above
the clouds.

These and other Field
Museum research projects are in most
outward respects quite traditional.
Curators find, collect, sort, describe,
classify, and preserve the objects of their

Above: test tubes

containing pine roots

inoculated with

mushroom cultures to

form the symbiotic

relationship known as

mycorrhizae.

Background:

a scanning electron

microscope image of

the spores of Laccaria

tortilus, magnified

1,000 times.

Brycon falcatus, a

South American tetra

collected by Barry

Chernoff.

attention. But armed with computers,
the techniques of molecular genetics,
analytical tools like "phenetics" and
"cladistics," and machines like the
scanning electron microscope and the
superconducting cryogenic magneto-
meter, contemporary museum-based
scientists can often ask more difficult
questions of their data than their
predecessors could. And frequently
nowadays, especially in the tropics, their
data and analyses have high utilitarian
value for conservation and development.

Botanist Gregory M.
Mueller, for example, has as one of his
research projects a survey of the
mushrooms in the oak forests of Costa
Rica, and he and his colleagues have
collected more than 2,500 specimens.
These are being subjected to several
different laboratory tests, including
electron microscopy, so they can be
assigned a genus and species, their
relationships assessed, and information
on their life histories obtained. Cultures
of some of these mushrooms are also

being amassed so they can be grown
next to Costa Rican oak seedlings to
learn which are potentially able to form
a specialized symbiosis. Oaks and
mushrooms form joint underground
structures called mycorrhizae on which
both are dependent, but the known
pairings have been worked out for some
temperate forests, not tropical ones.
Foresters in Central and South America
have been replacing stands of native oaks
with foreign species, a practice that
could lead to problems — plantations of
foreign trees do not support the diversity
of native insects, birds, and other
animals and plants that complex native
forests do. Mueller's research will help
enable the industry to develop
reforestation technology that does not
upset local ecosystems.

In Ecuador, Peter R. Crane,
chairman of the Department of
Geology, has found remarkably well
preserved fossil plants. Similar
assemblages have been found in Virginia
and Portugal and include minuscule
flowers that still contain pollen grains.

Under the scanning electron micro-
scope, these hundred-million-year-old
fossils have unlocked many of the
mysteries in the reproductive biology of
basal angiosperms — the primitive
flowering plants. Moreover, studying the
pollen preserved within the flowers
enables Crane and his Field Museum
colleague Scott Lidgard to interpret with
greater confidence the data in their
imposing study of the rise of the
flowering plants, which is based on
analysis of fossil pollen data from many
parts of the world. To their own
surprise, they discovered that between
120 million and 80 million vears ago
(the mid-Cretaceous period), during the
time the present continents and oceans
were taking shape, the flowering plants
and their nearest relatives, the Gnetales,
began to diversify rapidly in equatorial
regions and to spread to higher latitudes.
But soon the Gnetales died off, perhaps
vanquished by the preadaptive power of
the flowering plant, which subsequently
came to dominate every terrestrial
ecosystem except the high-elevation or

high-latitude spruce and pine forests.
This news, and the analytical methods
employed by Crane and Lidgard, have
attracted wide interest,
including in the oil industry
— much or the worlds oil is
found in mid-Cretaceous rock
Funding from the Petroleum
Research Fund of the

Below and

background: Scanning

electron microscope

images of fossil pollen

grains about

100,000.000 vears old.

Ski- "V\V- ' V^ -A ; "J* ' "* '

L*v

American Chemical Society will support

,«<ffi§fe

Systematics

The kind of work that most Field Museum scientists do is called systematics —

a word that is not in the vocabulary even of many well-educated people.

Paleobotanist Peter Crane, chairman of the Museum's Department of Geology,

defines systematics as the science of "documenting and understanding the

relationships between organisms. " At a basic level, this means collecting,

describing, and sorting the plants and animals of a given place. Cartoon images

of butterfly hunters in pith helmets aside, systematics is the foundation on

which all other study of life on earth is constructed. As a practical matter, such

studies are essential in conservation and environmental planning, and in any

consideration of evolution.

Beyond this, systematists may take a group of related organisms (the New

World blackbirds, for instance, or the tropical fresh-water tetras) and seek to

understand it in detail — its subdivisions, geographic distribution, patterns of

behavior, ecological relationships, evolutionary history. The greater the

diversity in a place or in a group of organisms, the greater the challenge of

understanding its forms and relationships.

At yet another level of investigation, systematists may try to understand the

processes at work in the patterns of relationship they have discerned — the

biochemistry of evolution, say, or the mathematics of shape and size change.

Above: Icterus

galbula bullocki, a

common North

American oriole. The

24 oriole species are

descendants of one of

the oldest lineages

within the family of

New World

blackbirds.

Background: DNA

sequence of Icterus

galbula bullocki was

used to determine the

evolutionary

relationships of

orioles.

further research by Crane and Lidgard
that will expand their database
geographically over a longer time span
and provide new insight into the long-
term interactions of vegetation and
climate in the history of our planet.

Bosque Monteseco, in
northwestern Peru, is one of several
remnants of a vast forest that 30,000
years ago stretched through what are
now Ecuador and Colombia as well as
Peru. Field Museum botanist Michael
O. Dillon, with American and Peruvian
colleagues and students, has been
surveying the forest as part of the Flora
of Peru project. In isolation, many of the
plants and animals there have evolved
into new species that are found nowhere
on earth except these 6,000 acres.
Because the forest is in the path of
agricultural development, the researchers
have been working with the local schools
to develop science-education programs
in hopes that a new generation will
come to appreciate and protect natural
diversity.

Fish are a lot quicker than
land animals to change their physical

characteristics to accommodate
environmental change. In an effort to
better understand the process at work,
zoologist Barry Chernoff studies two
groups of fishes — the silversides, whose
several dozen species inhabit a wide
variety of ecosystems throughout the
Americas, and the tetras, whose several
thousand species are confined to tropical
freshwater streams. These tropical
waters, however, offer a multitude of
mini-environments through which to
trace the fishes' changing features.
Chernoff is interested in exploring
mathematical aspects of evolutionary
change, and in the theoretical question
of how much change makes a "species."
But in the Orinoco Basin of Venezuela,
where deforestation and channelization
are destroying habitat at a rapid pace,
the most pressing research priority is
simply to identify previously
undescribed species before they are gone.
Scott M. Lanyon, chairman
of the Department of Zoology, is
another frequent visitor in the
neotropics, where he has done
collecting, conservation consulting, and

Opposite: Inca plates, ca. 1400 A.D., from the Emilio Montez collection acquired by the Museum in 1893.

research in his own specialty, the New
World blackbirds — the redwings,
crackles, meadowlarks, bobolinks,
orioles, and other songbirds. Despite the
blackbirds' familiarity as a gtoup, not
much is known about how the 97
species are related to one another, and
Lanyon is using the techniques of
molecular biology in an effort to
construct the family tree. Lanyon is
principally interested in studying the
evolution of mating and nesting
behaviors, including plumage and song,
which among the blackbirds are both
extremely varied and highly unusual.
Birds typically pair for a season, males
and females often look alike, they tend
to be territorial and to have a species-
specific song. But blackbird species may
exhibit sexual promiscuity, males and
females may be of sharply different size
and color, they often mimic other birds'
songs, and may tolerate dozens of nests
in one tree, among other odd behaviors.
Lanyon hopes to be able to plot these
morphological and behavioral
characteristics against the family tree
derived ixom DNA studies, to suggest
how and why one led to another.

Lest we forget, human
beings are also a result of natural history,
and their group behaviors — cultures —
while not genetically determined, have
patterns and processes of change that
museum-based researchers can study by
means of systematic collections.
Thirteen thousand feet up in the Andes,
during the reign of Caesar Augustus in
Rome and for a thousand years after, the
city of Tiwanaku ruled an immense
empire that was built on the surplus
provided by a remarkably sophisticated
agricultural technology. The system of
terraced fields, naturally irrigated and
insulated against the cold Andean
nights, had been developed during the
preceding 1 ,000 years by a succession
of village
cultures
around
Lake

Titicaca. Field
Museum
archaeologist
Charles Stanish
has begun a ten-year
project to investigate the
origins of the agricultural technology

The

Biochem

Labs

The Biochemical
Laboratories, a
Museum research
facility, produced its
first DNA sequence
data in T990, obtained
by using a recent
technological
innovation known as
the polymerase chain
reaction (PCR). The
technique permits
genetic analysis of
DNA extracted from
small pieces of tissue,
including dried or
alcohol-preserved
tissues. In a rare
instance, the Lab was
able to sequence
DNA from a 20,000-
year-old leaf fossil.
Major projects have
involved analysis of
the evolutionary and
biogeographic
relationships among
blackbirds (Scott
Lanyon) and South
American fruit bats
(Bruce Patterson).

and development of political systems
that culminated in the long reign of
Tiwanaku, and its decline before the
rise of the Inca about 1450 A.D. With
teams of U.S. and Peruvian students, he
has so far uncovered 450 new archae-
ological sites that reveal evidence of six
different cultures. There is some hope
that the amazingly productive terraced
agriculture can be reintroduced by the
current residents of the area, the
Aymara Indians.***

The Love of
El Nino, and the

Fear of Goats

It hardly ever rains in the
coastal deserts of Peru and Chile. Life is
sustained there by seasonal fogs from
which plants condense moisture. Even a
few species of bromeliads endure the
spare environment, like their neighbors,
by condensing moisture on their leaves
and roots, while their numerous
relatives in wetter climates collect water

in specialized leaf bases that form a tank.
These tanks provide aquatic environ-
ments capable of sustaining other
organisms such as small frogs, snails, or
insects.

But Field Museum botanist
Michael O. Dillon, on a collecting trip
in the Chilean Atacama Desert, found
some bromeliads over three feet tall
growing on a steep cliff about a
thousand feet above sea level. The site
was inaccessible; Dillon had to use a
rope lasso to bring one down — and was
surprised to receive a small shower when
the plant was uprooted! It proved to be a
previously undescribed species that had
managed to retain a functioning tank in
the desert. All individuals in the area
contained substantial amounts of water,
some as much as a pint, even though
there had been no rain for more than a
year. In the desert, that much water
makes a tempting target for any
herbivore.

Dillon has concluded that
the plant is most closely related not to
nearby species but to bromeliads of the
genus Tillandsia that grow in tropical
savannas and cloud forests from

Colombia to Peru. He estimates that
there are fewer than 200 scattered
individuals of the new species, which has
managed to survive only by clinging to
cliff faces where neither the domes-
ticated nor the wild goats that graze in
the area can get at it. Dillon named the
species Tillandsia tragophoba — from
the Greek tragos, goat, and phobos, fear
— in an effort, he wrote in a journal of
the New York Botanical Garden, "to call
attention to the rapid and continuing
destruction of natural vegetation by
grazing animals," a problem now being
addressed by the Chilean conservation
authorities.

Foraging livestock had been
a concern of Dillon's since 1983, when
he was in the Peruvian Desert at the
time of the El Nino phenomenon, a
periodic ocean-atmosphere event which
that year was perhaps the strongest in
history; among other climatic effects, it
produced the first major rains in the
desert since 1925. Dillon's principal
work has been in Peru, where he is
continuing a Field Museum project —
begun decades before he was born —

to catalog all the plants in that extremely
diverse country. During the 1983 El
Nino, as he drove down the Peruvian
coast, he was startled to see the desert
blooming with unusual plants
whose seeds, apparently, had
lain dormant for decades. Such
insular, opportunistic plant
communities would be interesting in
themselves and good subjects for the
study of evolution. A few months later,
when Dillon returned to the area to do
further research, he found that ranchers
in the mountains had driven their cattle
down to the coast to forage amid the
new vegetation, and it was now severely
disturbed or destroyed.

Subsequent El Nino events
and a freak rainstorm in northern Chile
in July 1987 have reinvigorated the
desert's vegetation and stimulated
research. The result will be an exhaustive
survey and computer analysis of desert
fog-dependent plant communities in
Peru and Chile that in turn — given the
periodic return of El Nino — will
provide baseline data for the study of
global warming.***

Computer
Services

Computerization of
the Museum's
research, collections
management, exhibit,
and administrative
functions has
accelerated in recent
years and is poised for
expansion and
upgrading. Currently,
in the scientific
departments, a DEC
VAX 1 1/785 running
the Unix 5.3 operating
system is connected
to more than 120
personal computers
and a wide range of
peripherals.
Upgrading is planned
to add image-
processing
applications, to
increase connectivity
within the Museum
and between its
departments, and to
permit networking
with other research
and educational
institutions.

Left: Tillandsia tragophoba, a new cliff-dwelling bromeliad of the Chilean Atacama Desert. Above right: the
blossom of 7. tragophoba. (Illustrations by Marlene Werner.) Backgroun tesecoensis, a new

species of the sunflower family, Asteraceae, found by Dillon in the Pei

The Spirit of Giving:

Friends and Supporters of the

Field Museum of Natural History

eyenne moccasins decorated with glass beads, collected in the Black Hills of South Dakota about 1900. Background: A
Chippewa apron with a pouch, also beaded, donated to the Museum by Mr. and Mrs. Roger Coombs about 1915.

The Founders'
Council

Individual Members

Anonymous

Mr. & Mrs. Lowell E. Ackmann

(Ackmann Family Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. Stanley N. Allan
Mrs. Margaret B. Allyn

(TheAllyn Foundation, Inc.)
Mr.* & Mrs. James W. Alsdorf

(Alsdorf Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. A. Watson Armour [II
Mrs. Lester .Armour
Mrs. P. Kelley Armour
Mr. & Mrs. T. Stanton Armour
Mr. Vernon .Armour
Mr. Robert Asher
Mr.* & Mrs. Edwin N. Asmann

(O. Paul Decker Memorial

Foundation)
Mr. &C Mrs. George R. Baker
Mr. & Mrs. Judson C. Ball
Mr. & Mrs. James H. Bankard
George Barr*
Miss Kristina Barr

(Kristina Barr and George Barr

Foundation)
Ms. Virginia T. Bartholomay

(Ruth and Vernon Taylor

Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. Robert O. Bass

(Robert and Isabelle Bass

Foundation, Inc.)
Mr. & Mrs. Lee A. Baumgarten
Mr." & Mrs. George R. Beach
Dr. & Mrs. Robert A Beatty
Dr. & Mrs. Nenad Belie
Mr. & Mrs. Gordon Bent
Mr. & Mrs. Harry O. Bercher
Mr. & Mrs. James F. Bere
Mr. & Mrs. Allen C. Berg
Mr. Richard S. Berger
Mr. & Mrs. Bowen Blair
Mrs. Philip D. Block, Jr.
Mr. & Mrs. Philip D. Block III

(JB Charitable Trust)
Mrs. Daniel J. Boone

(The Seabury Foundation)
Mrs. G. E. Boone
Mr. & Mrs. William A. Boone
Mr. & Mrs. Willard L. Boyd
Mrs. Harold S. Brady
Mr. & Mrs. James E. Bramsen

(Svend and Elizabeth Bramsen

Foundation)
Mrs. Dorothy T. Braun
Mr. & Mrs. Kenneth A. Bro
Mr. & Mrs. Bertram Z. Brodie

(Edwin J. Brach Foundation)

Mrs. Helen D. Bronson
Mr. & Mrs. Cameron Brown

(Cameron Brown Foundation)
Mr." & Mrs." Henry A. Brown
Ms. Jennifer Martin Brown

(The Martin Foundation, Inc.)
Mrs. Murray C. Brown
Mr. & Mrs. Roger O. Brown
Mr. Fred J. Brunner

(Fred J. Brunner Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. Robert C. Brunner
Mr.* & Mrs. DeWitt W.

Buchanan, Jr.

(Buchanan Family Foundation)
Mrs. Donald P. Buchanan*
Mr. & Mrs. Albert C. Buehler, Jr.

(A CP Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. Dean L. Buntrock

(Dean and Rosemary Buntrock

Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. James E. Burd
Mr. 8c Mrs. Donald J. Cameron
Mr. & Mrs. Peter Roy Carney

(Peter R. and Marina G.

Carney Foundation)
Dr. & Mrs. Robert Wells Carton
Mr. & Mrs. Hammond E.

Chaffetz

(Chaffetz Family Foundation)
Mrs. Jerry G. Chambers
Mr. & Mrs. Henry T. Chandler
Mr. & Mrs. Walter L. Cherry

(Virginia B. and Walter I.

Cherry Trust)
Mr. & Mrs. William C. Childs
Mr. & Mrs. Stephen M. Chiles
Mr. & Mrs. W. H. Clark, Jr.
Mr. Richard W. Colburn /

Ms. Robin Lucas (The

Negaunee Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. Frank W. Considine
Mr. & Mrs. Stanton R. Cook
Mr. & Mrs. Richard H. Cooper

(Richard H. Cooper

Foundation)
Mr. 8* Mrs. John R. Covington

(Howard L Willett

Foundation, Inc.)
Mrs. William S. Covington"
Mr. & Mrs. William S. Cowles
Mr. & Mrs. Mark Crane
Mr. & Mrs. William F. Crawford

(The Crawford Foundation)
Mr. &C Mrs. Lester Crown

(Arte and Ida Crown

Memorial)
Mrs. Sandra K. Crown
Ms. Susan Crown, Mr. William

Kunkler III (Arte and Ida

Crown Memorial)
Mr. & Mrs. Robert L. Cruikshank
Mr. & Mrs. Thomas C. Dabovich
Mr. & Mrs. O. C. Davis

(O. C. Davis Foundation)
Dr. & Mrs. Edwin J. DeCosta

( Walter E. Heller Foundation)

Mr. & Mrs. Robert O. Delaney
Mrs. Charles S. DeLong*
Mr. Donald J. DePorter
Mr. & Mrs. James R. DeStefano
Mr." & Mrs. Albert B.Dick III

(The Dick Family Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. Edison Dick

(EJD Foundation)
Mrs. Clinton O. Dicken
Mr.* & Mrs. William R.

Dickinson, Jr.
Mr. & Mrs. Wesley M. Dixon, Jr.

(Sudix Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. Gaylord Donnelley

(Gaylord Donnelley 1983 Gift

Trust)
Mr. & Mrs. James R. Donnelley

(The Nina H. and James R.

Donnelley Foundation)
Mr. 8c Mrs. Thomas E. Donnellev II

(Thomas E. Donnelley II

Foundation)
Mrs. George H. Dovenmuehle
Mr. &C Mrs. Robert C. Edwards

(Woodruff and Edwards

Foundation!
Mr. Huntington Eldridge, Jr.

(Buchanan Family Foundation)
Mrs. R. Winfield Ellis
Mrs. Marjorie H. Eking
Mr. Evans Erikson

(Evans W. Erikson Foundation)
Mr. &C Mrs. Gordon R. Ewing
Mr. & Mrs. Thomas J. Eyerman
Mary 8c Bruce Feay
Mr. 8c Mrs. Robert C. Ferris
Mrs. Joseph N. Field
Mr. 8c Mrs. Marshall Field

(Jamee and Marshall Field

Foundation)
Mr. &C Mrs. Steven D. Fifield
Mr. &C Mrs. M. Peter Fischer
Mr. 8c Mrs. Morgan L. Fitch, Jr.
Mrs. Leonard S. Florsheim, Jr.

(Enivar Charitable Fund)
Mr. &£ Mrs. Charles Robert Foltz
Mr. & Mrs. Peter B. Foreman

(Peter and Virginia Foreman

FoundationlPeroke Foundation)
Mr. &C Mrs. Charles W. Foxwell
Mr.* &C Mrs. Gaylord Freeman
Peter B. 8c Donna B. Freeman
Mr. 8c Mrs. William M. Freeman
Mr. & Mrs. Robert S. Friend
Mrs. Edmund W. Froehlich
Mr. &C Mrs. Marshall B. Front
Mr. 8" Mrs. Maurice F. Fulton

(Maurice and Muriel Fulton

Foundation, Inc.)
Mr. & Mrs. Robert B. Gerrie
Mr. &C Mrs. Gerald S. Gidwitz

* Deceased

From the Field Museum Library: Snake Foot, a figure from Vipera

Pythia, a treatise on venomous snakes by Marcus Aurelius

Severini (1580-1656), published in1651.

Eighty-Six

New Members

Eighty-six new members

joined the Founders' Council in

1989-90, bringing the total to

340. The Council's Award of

Merit, recognizing significant

contributions to the study of

natural history, was presented

to Harvard University biologist

Edward O. Wilson. Previous

recipients include Sir David

Attenborough, the

documentary film maker,

Roger Tory Peterson, the

wildlife artist, and Stephen Jay

Gould, the essayist. In 1990,

Laura and Marshall Front

succeeded John B. Judkins, Jr.

to the Council's chair.

Individual Founders' Council

members annually contribute

SI, 500 or more in unrestricted

gifts or gifts to other special

funds; give a single or

accumulated gift of $25,000 or

more for permanent

membership; make a deferred

gift of $50,000 or more; or

make a gift of a major

collection.

Corporate and foundation

members of the Founders'

Council annually contribute

$5,000 or more in

unrestricted gifts.

New Visitor
Marketing

The Museum launched an

aggressive visitor marketing

plan in 1989 and 1990 through

the Public Relations

Department with the

assistance of Leo Burnett

U.S.A., a top advertising

agency. A new marketing

theme, "Field Museum - The

Smart Way to Have Fun, "

inspires an integrated program

of publicity, promotions, and

advertising that has helped the

Museum exceed attendance

and revenue goals both years.

New corporate marketing

partnerships with United

Airlines, American Express

Travel Services, Pizza Hut,

McDonald's, KLM Royal Dutch

Airlines, top Chicago hotels,

major radio stations and

retailers enhance promotional

activities.

Mr. Joseph L. Gidwitz

(The Division Fund/Gidwitz

Family Foundation)
Dr. Elizabeth-Louise Girardi
Mr. &C Mrs. James J. Glasser
Mr. & Mrs. Daniel J. Good
Mr. & Mrs. John C. Goodall, Jr.

(Tborson Foundation)
Dr. & Mrs. John G. Graham
Mr. & Mrs. William B. Graham

(William B. Graham

Foundation, Inc.)
Mr. & Mrs. David W. Grainger

(The Grainger Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. Melvin Gray
Lewis & Misty Gruber
Mr. & Mrs. Paul W. Guenzel
Mr. & Mrs.* Robert P. Gwinn
Mr. & Mrs. Charles C. Haffner III
Mrs. Burton W. Hales

(Hales Charitable Fund, Inc.)
Mr. & Mrs. Corwith Hamill

(Happy Hollow Fund)
Drs. K. W. & Lucy Hammerberg
Mrs. Charles L. Hardy

(Elliot and Ann Donnelley

Foundation)
Mrs. William A. Hark
Mr. & Mrs. D. Foster Harland
Mr. & Mrs. King Harris

(Harris Family Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. Robert S. Hartman
Mr. & Mrs. Joseph B. Hawkes
Mr. & Mrs. Laurin H. Healy

(Winona Corporation)
Wayne E. & Colette J. Hedien
Mr. & Mrs. Ben W. Heineman
Mrs. Harold H. Hines, Jr.
Mr. & Mrs. John L. Hines
Mr. George C. Hixon
Mr. & Mrs. Michael F. Hodous
Mr. & Mrs. John J. Hoellen

(Sulzer Family Foundation)
Mr. Myron Hokin

(Dave Hokin Foundation)
Mr. Wayne J. Holman III (Wayne

J. Holman, Jr. 1963 Trust)
Mr. & Mrs. Arthur Holzheimer

(Holzheimer Fund)
Carl Holzheimer*
Mr. Keith A. Hooper
Mrs. H. Earl Hoover

(H. Earl Hoover Foundation)
Mrs. William D. Home
Mrs. Irvin E. Houck
Mr. & Mrs. Lawrence Howe
Mr. & Mrs. Peter H. Huizenga
Mr. & Mrs. Robert C. Hyndman
Mr. & Mrs. Robert S. Ingersoll

(Mr. and Mrs. Robert S.

Ingersoll Foundation)

Mr. Marshall Isaacson
Mr. & Mrs. Hal Iyengar
Mr. & Mrs. Reinhardt H. Jahn
Mrs. Harold James

(Butz Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. Edgar D. Jannotta
Mr. & Mrs. Joseph E. Jannotta, Jr.
Mr. & Mrs. David L. Jelinek
Mrs. Barbara Smail Johnson'
Mr. & Mrs. Clarence E. Johnson

(Clarence E. Johnson and

Shirley M. Johnson Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. S. Curtis Johnson III
Mr. & Mrs. Richard M. Jones
Mr. & Mrs. John B. Judkins, Jr.
Mr. & Mrs. James R. Kackley
Mr. & Mrs. Morris A. & Alice B.

Kaplan (Mayer and Morris

Kaplan Family Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. Byron C. Karzas
Mrs. Spencer R. Keare
Carolyn M. & Douglas E. Keats
Mr. & Mrs. Michael L. Keiser
Mr. Milt Keller
Donna Kennedy
Mr. & Mrs. Charles M. Kierscht
Mr. & Mrs. John J. Kinsella

(J. J. Kinsella Charitable Lead

Trust)
Mr. & Mrs. F. M. Kirby

(F. M. Kirby Foundation, Inc.)
Mr. & Mrs. John E. Kirkpatrick

(John E. and Phyllis D.

Kirkparick Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. Robert D. Kolar
Mr. & Mrs. Fred A. Krehbiel
Mrs. Ray A. Kroc
Mr. Carl A. Kroch
Mr. William H. Kurtis /

Ms. Donna LaPietra
Mrs. Richard W. Leach

(Isabella Leach Charitable Lead

Trust)
Paul H. & Theo H. Leffmann
Mr. & Mrs. Elliot Lehman

(New Prospect Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. John H. Leslie

(The Leslie Fund)
Mrs. John Woodworth Leslie
Mr. & Mrs. Michael D. Levin
Dr. & Mrs. Michael S. Lewis
Mr. & Mrs. George Lill II
Lucia Woods Lindley /

Daniel A. Lindley, Jr.
Mrs. Glen A. Lloyd
Mrs. Renee Logan
The Honorable & Mrs. John J.

Louis, Jr.

(John J. Louis Foundation)
Mrs. Rena I. Lozins
Bettina R. MacAyeal
Mr. & Mrs. John W. Madigan
Mr. & Mrs. CaryJ. Malkin
Mr. & Mrs. Robert H. Malott
Sandy & Jerry Manne
Dr. & Mrs. Richard E. Marcus

Mr. & Mrs. Ira G. Marks (Ira &

Janina Marks Charitable Trust)
Mrs. Geraldine F. Martin

(The Martin Foundation, Inc.)
Mrs. Harold T. Martin
Mr. & Mrs. R. Eden Martin
Mr. Clifford G. Massoth
Mr. & Mrs. Edward Matz, Jr.
Mrs. Beatrice Cummings Mayer
Mr. & Mrs. Oscar G. Mayer

(Oscar G. and Elsa S. Mayer

Charitable Trust)
Mr. & Mrs. Michael B. McCaskey
Mr. & Mrs. Archibald McClure
(CDM Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. Brooks McCormick

(Brooks and Hope B.

McCormick Foundation)
Mrs. Susan McDowell
Mr. & Mrs. Donald J. McLachlan
Mr. & Mrs. Cirilo A. McSween
Dr. & Mrs. L. Steven Medgyesy
Mr. & Mrs. John C. Meeker (John

C. Meeker and Withrow M.

Meeker Charitable Lead Trust)
Mr. & Mrs. Hugo J. Melvoin
Mrs. Richard Merrick
Mr. & Mrs. Charles A. Meyer
Mr. & Mrs. David R. Meyers

(Meyers Charitable Family

Fund)
Mr. & Mrs. Newton N. Minow

(Minow Family Foundation)
Mrs. William H. Mitchell*
Mr. & Mrs. Kenneth F.

Montgomery
Mr. & Mrs. Richard M. Morrow
Mrs. Arthur T. Moulding
Mr. & Mrs. Leo F. Mullin
Mr. & Mrs. Timothy J. Murphy
Dr. & Mrs. Charles F. Nadler
Colonel & Mrs. John B. Naser

(JBN Trust)
Mr. & Mrs. Stephen C. Neal
Mr. & Mrs. John D. Nichols
Mrs. Arthur C. Nielsen, Sr.
Mr. & Mrs. James J. O'Connor
Mr. & Mrs. Wrigley Offield
Mrs. Eric Oldberg
Mr. & Mrs. Ralph Thomas O'Neil
Mrs. Gilbert H. Osgood
Mr. & Mrs. James Otis, Jr.
Mr. & Mrs. Richard C. Oughton
Mr. & Mrs. Donald W. Patterson
Mr. & Mrs. William J. Pavey

' Deceased

From the Field Museum Library: Anthropomorphic rendering of a

mandrake root, from Gait der Gesundtheit, an herbal

pharmacopoeia compiled by Joannes de Cuba and published in

Augsburg in 1486 — the oldest printed book in the collection.

Mr. &: Mrs. Richard J. Peterson

(Otto W. Lehmann

Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. Gabriel L. Petre
Mr. & Mrs. John Phillips
Mr. & Mrs. Richard Pigott
Mr. & Mrs. Charles S. Potter

(McClurg Foundation)
Dr. & Mrs. Kenneth J. Printen
Mrs. A. N. Pritzker
Mr. James Pritzker
Mr. Robert A. Pritzker

(Pritzker Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. John Shedd Reed
Mr. & Mrs. Robert C. Reed

(Robert C. Reed Family Fruit)
Miss Ruth Regenstein
Mr. & Mrs. Frank A. Reichelderfer
Mr. & Mrs. Thomas A.

Reynolds, Jr.
Mr. Ottomar D. Roeder
Mr. & Mrs. Samuel R. Rosenthal

(D&RFund)
Mr. Ted Ross

(Ross Charitable Frust)
Mr. & Mrs. David S. Ruder
Mr. & Mrs. John S. Runnells
Mr. & Mrs. Thomas R. Sanders
Mr. & Mrs. David R. Sawyier /

Timothy Sawyier
Mr. Leonard B. Sax

(Sax Family Foundation)
Mr.* & Mrs.* Norman J.

Schlossman

(Jocarno Fund)
Mr. & Mrs. Richard H. Schnadig
Mr. & Mrs. Charles E. Schroeder
Dr. & Mrs. John S. Schweppe
Mrs. John W. Seabury

(The Seabury Foundation)
Mr. Michael D. Searle

(Searle Family Frust)
Mr. & Mrs. William L. Searle

Searle Family Trust)
Mr. Michael Segal
Mr. & Mrs. Henry Shapiro

(Soretta and Henry Shapiro

Family Foundation)
Mr.* & Mrs. John I. Shaw

(Arch W. Shaw Foundation)
Mr. Jeffrey Shedd
Mr. & Mrs. Saul S. Sherman
Dr. & Mrs. Thomas W. Shields

(Bessie Shields Family

Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. Jeffrey R. Short, Jr.
Mrs. John M. Simpson
Mrs. Thomas B. Singleton*
Mr. & Mrs. John R. Siragusa
Mr. & Mrs.* Edward Byron Smith

(Edward Byron Smith

Charitable Fund)

Mr. & Mrs. Edward Byron

Smith, Jr.
Mr. & Mrs. Malcolm N. Smith
Mr. & Mrs. Worthington L. Smith
Dr. & Mrs. Daniel Snydacker
Mr. & Mrs. H. E. Sommer
Mr. & Mrs. Joseph Sondheimer
Mr. & Mrs. Jack D. Sparks

(Jack D. and Fredda Sparks

Foundation)
Mrs. George T. Spensley
Mr. & Mrs. Gerald A. Spore

(Howard L. Willett

Foundation, Inc)
Mr. & Mrs. Jack C. Staehle
Mrs. Donna Wolf Steigerwaldt
Mr. & Mrs. Manfred Steinfeld
Mr. & Mrs. Wallace J. Stenhousejr.
Mrs. David B. Stern, Jr.
Dr. & Mrs.* David W. Stewart
Mr. & Mrs. Frederick H. Stitt
Mr. & Mrs. Roger W. Stone
Mr. & Mrs. William S. Street

(The Seattle Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. Herbert F. Stride
Mr. & Mrs. Robert D. Stuart, Jr.
Mr. & Mrs. Erwin A. Stuebner
Mr.* & Mrs.* Bolton Sullivan

(Bolton Sullivan Fund)
Mr. & Mrs. John W. Sullivan

(Bolton Sullivan Fund I Susan

and John W. Sullivan

Foundation)
Mrs. James Swartchild'

(Collier-Swartchild Foundation)
Mrs. William G. Swartchild, Jr.
Mr. & Mrs. Phelps Hoyt Swift

(Ruth and Vernon Faylor

Foundation)
Barbara Olin Taylor /

F. Morgan Taylor, Jr.
Mr. & Mrs. John W. Taylor, Jr.
Mr. & Mrs. John W. Taylor III
Dr. & Mrs. Samuel G. Taylor III
Mr. & Mrs. Edward R. Telling
Mr. & Mrs. Bruce Thorne
Mrs. Reuben Thorson

(Fhorson Foundation)
Mr.* & Mrs. Theodore D. Tieken

(HBB Foundation)

Mr. & Mrs. Melvin A. Traylor, Jr.
Mr. & Mrs. George S. Trees
Mr. & Mrs. Howard J. Trienens

(Howard J. and Paula M.

Trienens Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. Thomas S. Tyler
Mr. & Mrs. Edgar J. Uihlein
Katherine L. Updike,

Robert Wagner
Mr.* & Mrs. Herbert A. Vance

(Herbert A. and Dorothy J.

Vance Trust)
Mr. & Mrs. Theodore W.

Van Zelst
Mr. & Mrs. Robert E. Vernon
Dr. & Mrs. Harold K. Voris
Mr. & Mrs. Louis A. Wagner
Mr. & Mrs. Daniel J. Walsh
Mr. & Mrs. Hempstead

Washburne, Jr.
Mr. & Mrs. Dey W. Watts
Mr. & Mrs. Morrison Waud
Mr.* & Mrs. E. Leland Webber
Mr. & Mrs. Roderick S. Webster
Mr. & Mrs. William L. Weiss

(William L. and Josephine B.

Weiss Family Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. John L. Welsh III

(McCrea Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. Henry P. Wheeler
Mr. & Mrs. George F. Wilhelm
Mrs. Abra Prentice Wilkin (Abra

Prentice Charitable Trust)
Mrs. Howard L. Willett, Jr.

(Howard L. Willett

Foundatioti, Inc. )
Dr. & Mrs. Philip C. Williams
Mrs. Benton J. Willner

(Madeline and Henry Straus

Endowment Fund)
Mr. & Mrs. Paul C. Wilson
Mr. & Mrs. John W. Winn
Mr.* & Mrs. J. Howard Wood
Mr. & Mrs. William

Wood-Prince
Mr. & Mrs. Blaine J. Yarrington
Mrs. George B. Young
Mr. & Mrs. George D. Young
Mr. & Mrs. Max Zar
Mrs. Claire B. Zeisle

* Deceased

Donor
Groups

In 1989, four new support

groups were organized to

encourage and recognize, with

additional membership

benefits, those who donate

funds to the Museum beyond

basic membership. These are

the Field Contributors

(SW0-S249), Field Adventurers

(S250-S499), Field Naturalists

(S500-S999), and Field

Explorers ($1,000-$1,499).

Members of these groups are

listed in the publication "Field

Museum Donor Groups. "

Donors of $1,500 or more

annually are named to the

Founders' Council.

From the Field Museum Library: Sea creature from Konrad
Gesner's Fischbuch, published in Zurich in 1575.

The

Founders'

Council

Corporation and
Foundation members

Abbott Laboratories
Allen-Heath Memorial

Foundation
The Allstate Insurance Company
American National Can Company
Ameritech

Amoco Foundation, Inc.
Amsted Industries, Inc.
Arthur Andersen & Company
Aon Corporation
Arie and Ida Crown Memorial
Bankers Trust Company
The Barker Welfare Foundation
Baxter Healthcare Corporation
Beatrice Company
Borg- Warner Foundation
Boulevard Bank
Leo Burnett, U.S.A.
The Chase Manhattan

Corporation
The Chicago Community Trust
Chicago Tribune Company
Commonwealth Edison Company
Continental Illinois National

Bank and Trust Company
DeSoto, Inc.

R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company
Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.
FMC Corporation
Fel-Pro/Mecklenburger

Foundation

Elizabeth Ferguson Trust
First National Bank of Chicago
Ford Motor Company
Lloyd A. Fry Foundation
Geraldi Norton Memorial

Corporation
Harris Bank Foundation
Helene Curtis, Inc.
Household International, Inc.
IBM

Illinois Bell

Illinois Tool Works, Inc.
The Interlake Corporation
Kemper Educational and

Charitable Fund
Kemper Financial Services, Inc.
The James S. Kemper Foundation
Kraft General Foods
Louis R. Lurie Foundation
John D. and Catherine T.

MacArthur Foundation
Marshall Field's
Robert R. McCormick Charitable

TrustMcMaster-Carr Supply

Company
MidCon Corp.
Molex International, Inc.
Morton Thiokol, Inc.
Nalco Chemical Company
Northern Illinois Gas Company
The Northern Trust Company
John Nuveen & Company
Peat Marwick Main & Co.
J.C. Penney Company, Inc.
Price Waterhouse
Prince Charitable Trusts
Quaker Oats Company
The Regenstein Foundation
The Rice Foundation
S & C Electric Company
Safery-Kleen Corp.
Sahara Coal Company, Inc.
Santa Fe Southern Pacific

Corporation
Sara Lee Corporation
Sears, Roebuck and Co.
Skil Corporation
Staley Beverage Company
Tiffany & Company
Touche Ross & Co.
United Airlines
USG Foundation, Inc.
Harry Weese & Associates
Burke, Wilson & Mcllvaine
Wm. Wrigleyjr. Company

* Deceased

The Women's
Board

Mrs. Keene H. Addington

Mrs. Edward King Aldworth

Mrs. Stanley N. Allan

Mrs. Richard I. Allen

Mrs. James W. Alsdorf

Mrs. J. Robert Anderson

Mrs. Angelo R. Arena

Cynthia Armour

Mrs. A. Watson Armour III

Mrs. P. Kelley Armour

Mrs. Laurance H. Armour, Jr.

Mrs. T. Stanton Armour

Mrs. Edwin N. Asmann

Mrs. Thomas G. Ayers

Mrs. Warner G. Baird, Jr.

Mrs. George R. Baker

Mrs. Claude A. Barnett

Mrs. Stephen M. Bartram

Mrs. Robert O. Bass

Mrs. George R. Beach

Mrs. Robert A. Beatty

Mrs. James H. Becker

Mrs. Theodore A. Bell

Mrs. Edward H. Bennett, Jr.

Mrs. B. Edward Bensinger

Mrs. Gordon Bent

Mrs. Harry O. Bercher

Mrs. Michael A. Bilandic

Mrs. Harrington Bischof

Mrs. Bowen Blair

Mrs. Frank W. Blatchford III

Mrs. Joseph L. Block

Mrs. Philip D. Block, Jr.

Mrs. Philip D. Block III

Mrs. Edwin R. Blomquist

Mrs. John J. Borland, Jr.

Mrs. Arthur S. Bowes

Mrs. Willard L. Boyd

Mrs. Lester Harris Brill

Mrs. K. Dane Brooksher

Mrs. Cameron Brown

Mrs. Jennifer Martin Brown

Mrs. Roger O. Brown

Mrs. T. von Donop Buddington

Mrs. Albert C. Buehler, Jr.

Mrs. Clark Burrus

Mrs. Robert N. Burt

Mrs. Robert D. Cadieux

Mrs. Douglas H. Cameron

Mrs. Robert A. Carr

Mrs. Robert Wells Carton

Mrs. Hammond E. Chaffetz

Mrs. Henry T. Chandler

Miss Nora F. Chandler

Mrs. Walter L. Cherry

Mrs. Donald C. Clark

Mrs. W.H.Clark, Jr.

Mrs. J. Nothhelfer Connor

Mrs. Frank W. Considine

Mrs. Stanton R. Cook

Mrs. Edward A. Cooper

Mrs. James R. Coulter

Mrs. William S. Covington*

Mrs. Mark Crane

Mrs. John V. Crowe

Mrs. Lester Crown

Mrs. Sandra K. Crown

Mrs. Susan Crown

Mrs. Robert Lane Cruikshank

Mrs. Herschel H. Cudd

Mrs. Dino J. D'Angelo

Mrs. John A. Daniels

Mrs. Leonard S. Davidow

Mrs. O. C. Davis

Mrs. Howard M. Dean, Jr.

Mrs. Edwin J. DeCosta

Mrs. Emmett Dedmon

Mrs. Robert O. Delaney

Mrs. Charles S. DeLong*

Mrs. Charles Dennehy

Mrs. Edison Dick

Mrs. William R. Dickinson, Jr.

Mrs. Wesley M. Dixon

Mrs. Gaylord Donnelley

Mrs. Thomas E. Donnelley II

Mrs. William C. Douglas

Mrs. Maurice F. Dunne, Jr.

Mrs. Robert C. Edwards

Mrs. R. Winfield Ellis

Mrs. Marjorie H. Elting

Mrs. Josephine Fairman Elting

Mrs. Winston Elting

Mrs. Gordon R. Ewing

Mrs. Thomas J. Eyerman

Mrs. Meyer Feldberg

Mrs. Calvin Fentress

Mrs. Robert C. Ferris

Mrs. Robert Fesmire

Mrs. Joseph N. Field

Mrs. Marshall Field

Mrs. Charles Robert Foltz

Mrs. Peter B. Foreman

Mrs. Francis G. Foster, Jr.

Mrs. Hubert D. Fox

Mrs. Earl J. Frederick

Mrs. Gaylord A. Freeman

Mrs. Marshall Front

Mrs. William D. Frost

Mrs. Maurice F. Fulton

Mrs. John S. Gates

Mrs. John A. Gavin

Mrs. Robert H. Gayner

Mrs. Robert B. Gerrie

Mrs. Isak V. Gerson

Mrs. Gerald S. Gidwitz

Mrs. James J. Glasser

Mrs. Philip W. Goetz

Mrs. Julian R. Goldsmith

Mrs. Paul W. Goodrich

Mrs. William B. Graham

Mrs. David W. Grainger

Mrs. Roger Griffin

Mrs. Robert C. Gunness

From the Field Museum Library: Frontispiece from Ricreatione
dell'occhio, a treatise on sea shells published in 1681 by Filippo

Buonanni (1638-1725).

Mrs. Burton W. Hales

Mrs. Corvvith Hamill

Mrs. Charles L. Hardy

Mrs. King Harris

Mrs. Charles Cotton Harrold III

Mrs. Robert S. Hartman

Mrs. David C. Hawley

Mrs. Frederick Charles Hecht

Colette J. Hedien

Mrs. Ben W. Heineman

Mrs. Duncan Y. Henderson

Mrs. Stacy H. Hill

Mrs. Rembrandt C. Hiller, Jr.

Mrs. Edward Hines

Mrs. John L. Hines

Mrs. John H. Hobart

Mrs. Richard H. Hobbs

Mrs. Thomas D. Hodgkins

Mrs. Thomas J. Hoffmann

Mrs. David B. Horn

Janice S. Hunt

Mrs. Chauncey Keep Hutchins

Mrs. Robert C. Hyndman

Mrs. Stanley O. Ikenberry

Mrs. Robert S. Ingersoll

Mrs. Sue Ish

Mrs. Frederick G. Jaicks

Mrs. Brian Jerome

Mrs. Clarence E. Johnson

Mrs. S. Curtis Johnson III

Mrs. Richard M. Jones

Mrs. John B. Judkins, Jr.

Mrs. Wallace Kaehler, Jr.

Mrs. Byron C. Karzas

Mrs. John J. Kinsella

Mrs. William T. Kirk, Jr.

Mrs. Robert D. Kolar

Mrs. Richard Kracum

Mrs. Walter A. Krafft

Mrs. Bertram D. Kribben

Mrs. John H. Leslie

Mrs. John Woodworth Leslie

Mrs. Edward H. Levi

Mrs. Michael S. Lewis

Camille Lione

Mrs. Richard G. Lione

Mrs. Chapin Litten

Mrs. Glen A. Lloyd

Mrs. Franklin J. Lunding*

Mrs. Walter M. Mack

Mrs. John W. Madigan

Mrs. James F. Magin

Mrs. Robert H. Malott

Mrs. Carter H. Manny, Jr.

Mrs. Richard Marcus

Mrs. Edward Matz, Jr.

Mrs. David Mayer

Mrs. Frank D. Mayer

Mrs. Frank D. Mayer, Jr.

Mrs. Brooks McCormick

Mrs. George Barr McCutcheon II

Mrs. William J. McDonough

Mrs. Andrew McKenna

Mrs. Eugene J. McVoy

Mrs. John C. Meeker

Mrs. Henry W. Meers
Mrs. Hugo J. Melvoin
Mrs. Allen C. Menke
Mrs. Robert E. Merriam
Mrs. J. Roscoe Miller
Mrs. Philip B. Miller
Mrs. Newton N. Minow
Mrs. Charles H. Montgomery
Mrs. John R. Montgomery III
Mrs. Kenneth F. Montgomery
Mrs. Carolyn S. Moore
Mrs. Vernile Murrin Morgan
Mrs. Arthur T. Moulding
Mrs. Aidan I. Mullen
Mrs. Leo F. Mullin
Mrs. Elita Mailers Murphy
Mrs. Charles Fenger Nadler
Mrs. Charles Fenger Nadler, Jr.
Mrs. Joseph E. Nathan
Mrs. Earl L. Neal
Alice Neild

Mrs. John Doane Nichols
Mrs. Arthur C. Nielsen, Sr.
Miss Lucille Ann Nunes
Mrs. James J. O'Connor
Mrs. Ralph Thomas O'Neil
Mrs. Paul W. Oliver, Jr.
Mrs. Harry D. Oppenheimer II
Mrs. Richard C. Oughton
Mrs. Donald W. Patterson
Mrs. O. Macrae Patterson
Mrs. Hope Haywood Paul
Mrs. R. Marlin Perkins
Mrs. Richard J. Phelan*
Mrs. Richard J. Pigott
Mrs. Charles S. Potter
Mrs. Virginia F. Pullman
Mrs. William Putze
Mrs. Neil K. Quinn
Mrs. James H. Ransom
Mrs. Howard C. Reeder
Mrs. Robert W. Reneker
Mrs. Don H. Reuben
Mrs. Joseph E. Rich
Mrs. John M. Richman
Mrs. Frederick Roe
Mrs. Edward M. Roob
Mrs. Samuel R. Rosenthal
Mrs. John S. Runnells
Mrs. Patrick G. Ryan
Mrs. George W. Ryerson
Dr. Muriel S. Savage
Mrs. Richard H. Schnadig
Mrs. Charles E. Schroeder
Mrs. Elizabeth M. Schultz
Mrs. William L. Searle
Mrs. Richard J. L. Senior
Mrs. Thomas C. Sheffield, Jr.
Melissa A. Shennan
Mrs. C. William Sidwell
Mrs. John R. Siragusa
Mrs. Gerald A. Sivage
Mrs. Edward Byron Smith*
Mrs. Edward Byron Smith, Jr.
Mrs. Gordon H. Smith
Mrs. Malcolm M. Smith
Mrs. Stephen Byron Smith
Mrs. Charles H. Solberg
Mrs. Lyle M. Spencer

Mrs. Garzert Spiegel

Mrs. Jack C. Staehle

Mrs. Harlan F. Stanley

Mrs. E. Norman Staub

Mrs. Gardner H. Stern*

Mrs. Adlai E. Stevenson III

Mrs. Roger W. Stone

Mrs. William S. Street

Mrs. Robert H. Strotz

Mrs. Barry F. Sullivan

Mrs. John W. Sullivan

Mrs. James Swartchild*

Mrs. William G. Swartchild, Jr.

Mrs. Edward F. Swift

Mrs. Hampden M. Swift

Mrs. Phelps H. Swift

Mrs. John W. Taylor, Jr.

Mrs. John W. Taylor III

Mrs. Edward R. Telling

Mrs. Richard L. Thomas

Mrs. Bruce Thorne

Mrs. Theodore D. Tieken

Mrs. Theodore D. Tieken, Jr.

Mrs. Melvin A. Traylor, Jr.

Mrs. Howard J. Trienens

Mrs. C. Perin Tyler

Mrs. Theodore W. Van Zelst

Mrs. V. L. D. von Schlegell

Mrs. Thomas M. Ware

Mrs. Hempstead Washburne, Jr.

Mrs. E. Leland Webber

Mrs. Arnold R. Weber

Mrs. William L. Weiss

Mrs. John Paul Welling*

Mrs. Daniel R. Welsh

Mrs. John L. Welsh III

Mrs. B. Kenneth West

Mrs. Henry P. Wheeler

Mrs. Richard R. Whitaker, Jr.

Mrs. Julian B. Wilkins

Mrs. Philip C. Williams

Reverend Dr. Ruth Teena

Williams
Mrs. Norman B. Williamson
Mrs. Robert H. Wilson
Mrs. Wallace C. Winter
Mrs. Arthur W. Woelfle
Mrs. Peter Wolkonsky
Mrs. Clarence N. Wood
Mrs. J. Howard Wood
Mrs. William Wood-Prince
Mrs. Frank H. Woods
Mrs. Blaine J. Yarrington
Mrs. George B. Young

* Deceased

Women's
Board

Under the leadership of

Presidents Mrs. James J.

O'Connor (1989) and Mrs.

Howard J. Trienens (1990) the

Women's Board raised

$700,000 for general support of

the Museum's activities. Each

year the Board provides an

elegant setting to preview the

Museum's latest exhibit

renovation. The Pacific exhibit

was celebrated at two Fall

galas: "One Enchanted

Evening, " chaired by Mrs.

Thomas J. Eyerman with

United Airlines as underwriter;

and "Jewels of the Pacific,"

chaired by Mrs. John M.

Richman with underwriting

from Kraft, Inc. The Christmas

Tea, attended each year by

some 1,500 children, was

chaired in 1989 by Mrs.

Howard M. Dean, Jr. and in

1990 by Mrs. Andrew

McKenna. Thirty-seven

members volunteer for the

Ambassador Program,

founded in 1990, to greet the

public and to enrich their visits

to the Museum.

From the Field Museum Library: The "bishop fish," from Libri de
Piscibus Marinus, published in 1554 by Guillaume Rondelet

(1507-1566).

Special-
Interest
Support
Groups

The Friends of Field Museum

Library was organized in 1990

to promote interest in and

support for the Library and its

programs of book and journal

acquisition, collection and

preservation, and exhibition

and publication. Under the

chairmanship of Mrs. T.

Stanton Armour, a member of

the Museum's Board of

Trustees, the group has

launched a newsletter,

Gatherings, and sponsored the

acquisition of several rare

books, including Richard

Bradley's A Philosophical

Account of the Works of

Nature, published in London in

1721. Other special-interest

groups are the Friends of

Ruatepupuke II, the Maori

meeting house now

undergoing renovation on the

Ground Floor, and the

Outreach Council, formerly

known as the Public Programs

Support Group, which aids the

Museum's community

outreach program.

The Friends
of Field

Museum
Library

Mrs. Lester Armour

Mr. & Mrs.' T. Stanton Armour

Mrs. Philip D. Block, Jr.

Mrs. G. E. Boone

Mr. & Mrs. John J. Borland, Jr.

Mr. & Mrs. Willard L. Boyd

Mr. & Mrs. Roger O. Brown

Mr. & Mrs. Henry T. Chandler

Mr. & Mrs. Michael F. Chaneske

Dr. & Mrs. Edwin J. DeCosta

Mrs. William R. Dickinson, Jr.

Mr. & Mrs. Gaylord Donnelley

Mr. & Mrs. James R. Donnelley

Mr. & Mrs. ThomasE. Donnelley II

Dr. & Mrs. George Dunea

Josephine F. Elting

Mr. & Mrs. Robert C. Ferris

Mr. & Mrs. Marshall Field

Mr. & Mrs. Charles Robert Foltz

Mr. & Mrs. Earl J. Frederick

Dr. & Mrs. John S. Garvin

Mr. & Mrs. Stephen F. Gates

Mr. & Mrs. Gerald S. Gidwitz

Mr. & Mrs. James J. Glasser

Dr. & Mrs. John G. Graham

Mr. & Mrs. Paul W. Guenzel

Mr. & Mrs. Charles C. HafFner III

Mr. & Mrs. Daniel R. Hayman

Mr. & Mrs. Laurin H. Healy

Mrs. Harold H. Hines, Jr.

Mr. & Mrs. Richard M. Jones

Mr. & Mrs. Douglas M. Kenyon

Mr. & Mrs. Robert D. Kolar

Dr. & Mrs. Michael S. Lewis

Mrs. Rena I. Lozins

Mr. James A. Marshall

Mr. & Mrs. Brooks McCormick

Mr. & Mrs. Henry W. Meers

Mr. & Mrs. Hugo J. Melvoin

Mrs. Arthur T. Moulding

Mr. & Mrs. Kenneth Nebenzahl

Mr. & Mrs. Ralph Thomas O'Neil

Mr. & Mrs. Joel Oppenheimer

Mr. & Mrs. Gabriel L. Petre

Mrs. George A. Poole

Mr. & Mrs. Charles S. Potter

Mr. & Mrs. Joseph E. Rich

Mrs. Frederick Roe

Mr. & Mrs. Samuel R. Rosenthal

Mr. & Mrs. John S. Runnells

Mr. & Mrs. Richard H. Schnadig

Mr. Edward Bvron Smith

Mr. &C Mrs. Worthington L. Smith
Mr. &C Mrs. Harry L. Stern
Mr. & Mrs. Francis H. Straus II
Mr. & Mrs. Terence A. Tanner
Mr. & Mrs. Howard J. Trienens
Mr. & Mrs. Theodore W.

Van Zelst
Dr. & Mrs. Rupert L. Wenzel
Mr. Willard E. White
Dr. & Mrs. Philip C. Williams
Mr. & Mrs. John W. Winn
Mrs. George B. Young
Mr. & Mrs. Max Zar

7 Chair

The

Outreach

Council

Tony Armour
Jonathan H. Bogaard
Nancy M. Bush
Arturo Cisneros
Kevin S. Considine
Matthew S. Eyerman
Elizabeth Jolls Giese
Gerald P. Giese
Claire Hartfield
Philip L. Harris'
Carrie Healy
J. Duncan Healy
Laura Jones
Richard Jones
Mary Kay Karzas
Mercedes A. Laing
Carl Lavender
Patricia J. Lawson
Marda Lebeau
Louise Lefkow
David Lefkow
Adriana 3allen Litvak

Susan Lopez
Alexis MacDowall
Patricia McMillen
Therese M. Obringer
Jesse G. Reyes
Laurie D. Roston
Robert Rosen
Julie P. Shelton
Louise K. Smith
Rhonda Y. Stivers
Mary Wilson
Nikki Zollar

' Chair

Friends of
Ruatepupuke ii

Mr. & Mrs. James Ballard

Mr.' & Mrs. Donald Cameron

Ms. Jane Connolly

Mr. John Cook

Ms. Lucy Fairbank

Mary & Bruce Feay

Mrs. Rebecca Gilson

Mr. James P. Littlejohn

Mr. John M. MacDonald

Mrs. Dagmara Nyman

Ms. Frances L. Osgood

Ms. Florence O'Shea

Mr. & Mrs. Jerome Schultz

Mr. Delbert Erie Yarnell

Ms. Tory Light

' Chair

From the Field Museum Library: Fishpersons. from Historiae

Naturalis de Piscibus et Cetis by Joannes Jonstonus (1603-1675),

published in Amsterdam in 1657.

Rice Foundation
Leads Donors
'Into the Wild'

With a pathbreaking gift that

will total $5 million, the Daniel F. and

Ada L. Rice Foundation has led the

Museum "Into the Wild" — a new

thematic exhibit, subtitled "Animals,

Trails & Tales," on the world's animals

and their environments.

Many contributors large
and small have come forth eagerly to
support this major mounting of the
Museum's zoology collections. Among
them: The National Science Foundation
made its largest grant ever for a museum
exhibit ($1.2 million), and the members
of the Windy City Grotto chapter of the
National Speleological Society (cave
explorers) put together $1,000 and no
little expertise to help redeem the

reputation of the much-maligned bats.

Mr. and Mrs. Brooks
McCormick contributed funds for a
diorama on wild turkeys, and
Mrs. R. Winfield Ellis for the
stunning installation of Carl
Akeley's famous "Four Seasons"
diorama. Franklin J. Lunding
pledged a gift in memory of his wife,
Virginia, for the passenger pigeon
diorama, and Gaylord and Dorothy
Donnelley to support a new interactive
exhibit on natural areas around Chicago

The Ronald McDonald
Children's Charities donated $150,000
to help enhance the exhibit as a family
experience, and the W.K. Kellogg
Foundation gave $1.4 million for
exhibit construction and educational
programming.

The exhibit, including a
Nature Walk that will take visitors from
Chicago to Alaska and to South
America, opens in November 1991 in
the first-floor west halls, which will now
be known as the Daniel F. and Ada L.
Rice Wing.***

Above: a West Indian

butterfly of the family

Papilionidae, donated

to the Museum by

David Matusik in 1990.

Background: A

spectacled caiman

(Caiman crocodilus),

found in the wild from

southern Mexico to

northern Argentina.

The caiman will be on

display in the "Into

the Wild" exhibit.

Statements of Assets, Liabilities and Fund Balances
December 31, 1990 and 1989

Current
Operating Fund

Fund Designated
For Special Purposes

1990

1989

1990

1989

Fund Functioning
As Endowment

1990

1989

Assets

Cash

Interest and Dividends
Receivable

$952,516 $1,172,748
32,000 14,000

Pledges Receivable

309,750

25,250

Museum Stores Inventory

1,354,884

1,471,134

Investments

3,915,860

1,992,086

Prepaid Pension Cost

571,110

467,121

Deferred Note Issuance Costs

Other Assets

566,919

602,981

Museum Properties, Net

Collections

$533,000 $533,000

100,000 150,000

53,828,200 54,026,689

$7,703,039 $5,745,320

$54,461,200 $54,709,689

Liabilities and Fund
Balances

Accounts Payable

Accrued Liabilites

Deferred Revenue

Contributions
Other

Notes Payable

Due To (From) Other Funds

$1,164,707 $1,372,940
978,735 899,720

146,162 161,754

4,057,581 1,980,05^

U58.591) ($3,311,232)

Total Liabilities
Fund Balance

6,347,185 4,414,466 (4,158,591) (3,311,232)

1,355,854 1,330,854 4,158,591 3,311,232 54,461,200 54,709,689

$7,703,039 $5,745,320

$54,461,200 $54,709,689

Current Operating Fund, Fund Designated for Special Purposes and Fund Functioning as
Endowment are Unrestricted Funds.

Museum Restricted Fund Endowment Fund Total All Funds

Property Fund

1990 1989 1990 1989 1990 1989 1990 1989

$952,516 $1,172,748

$846,090 $281,490 $167,000 $167,000 1,578,090 995,490

891,667 2,574,866 $734,000 $5,000 150,000 2,185,417 2,755,116

1,354,884 1,471,134

38,800,938 18,279,980 17,526,519 16,889,660 114,071,517 91,188,415

571,110 467,121

789,520 356,578 789,520 356,578

350,000 247,886 264,582 1,164,805 867,563

48,010,462 46,505,192 48,010,462 46.505,192

11 11

$89,688,678 $67,998,107 $981,886 $269,582 $17,843,519 $17,056,660 $170,678,322 $145,779,358

$1,164,707 $1,372,940

$230,726 $70,396 1,209,461 970,116

$10,958,120 $7,129,132 10,958,120 7,129,132

313,143 43,548 459,305 205,302

31,300,000 13,000,000 31,300,000 13,000,000

10,390,387 8,234,278 (10,289,377) (6,903,098)

41,921,113 21,304,674 981,886 269,582 45,091,593 22,677,490

47,767,565 46,693,433 17,843,519 17,056,660 125,586,729 123,101,868

$89,688,678 $67,998,107 $981,886 $269,582 $17,843,519 $17,056,660 $170,678,322 $145,779,358

Statements of Revenues, Expenses and Changes in Fund Balances
Years Ended December 31, 1990 and 1989

Current
Operating Fund

Fund Designated for
Special Purposes

Fund Functioning
As Endowment

1990

1989

1990

1989

1990

1989

Revenues:

Chicago Park District
Property Tax Collections

$6,660,554

$5,585,944

Government Grants

532,846

499,392

Interest & Dividend Income

2,972,946

3,310,228

$98,709

Net Realized Gain (Loss) on
Investments Sold

103,561

($782,907)

$2,263,062

Contributions

2,253,005

1 ,706,463

494,316

706,222

Memberships

557,514

510,634

Admissions

2,094,226

2,139,140

Auxillary Enterprises
(Museum Stores, Vending,
Tours, & Food Services)

3,911,775

3,719,542

Other

16,625

22,513

255,179

158,994

Total Revenues

18,999,491

17,597,417

353,888

158,994

(288,591)

2,969,284

Expenses:

Research & Collections

3,779,600

3,182,384

144,514

193,042

Public Programs

1,443,757

1,386,576

72,045

181,198

Finance & Museum Services

6,087,603

5,677,786

5,736

75,098

Development & External
Affairs

1,604,404

1,666,730

46,551

36,325

Administration

1,602,456

1,616,394

61,317

8,466

Auxillary Enterprises

(Museum stores, Vending,
Tours, & Food Services)

3,680,851

2,919,384

741

Depreciation

Note Interest & Amortization

Overhead Costs Charged to

Grants

(466,257)

(546,806)

Total Expenses

17,732,414

15,902,448

330,904

494,129

Increase (Decrease)
In Fund Balance
Resulting from
Revenues and Expenses

1,267,077

1,694,969

22,984

(335,135)

(288,591)

2,969,284

Fund Balance:

Beginning of Year

1,330,854

1,305,854

3,311,232

3,433,324

54,709,689

51,968,841

Add (Deduct) Transfers

Non-Mandatory

(1,059,895)

(213,043)

1,059,895

213,043

Museum Property
Additions

(676,610)

(1,456,926)

(255,719)

Total Return

494,428

20,199

(499,898)

Other

540,000

(500,000)

Net Realized Gain on

271,564

Investments Held

End of Year

$1,355,854

$1,330,854

$4,158,591

$3,311,232

$54,461,200

$54,709,689

Current Operating Fund, Fund Designated for Special Purposes and Fund Functioning as
Endowment are Unrestricted Funds.

Museum Restricted Fund Endowment Fund Total All Funds

Property Fund

1990 1989 1990 1989 1990 1989 1990 1989

51,518,126 $1,619,832
15,901 (489,122)

888,928

$6,660,554

$5,585,944

,870,680

$1,810,040

2,403,526

2,309,432

883,382

869,863

5,473,163

5,799,923

28,238

($249,823)

$696,139

(1,016,829)

2,601,878

728,285

949,945

1,196.198

119,972

4,671,804

557,514

2,094,226

3,911,775

1,160,732

3,482,602

510,634

2.139,140

3,719,542

181,507

1,937,909

1,920,649

3,681,592

2,922,637

2,000,083

1,897,308

888,288

883,470

2,422,955 1,130,710 3,482,347 3,658,086 946,375 816,111 25,916,465 26,330,602

970,940 926,144 4,895,054 4,301,570

697,985 800,518 2,213,787 2,368,292

1,002 6,094,341 5,752,884

69,595 1.720,550 1,703,055

226,132 188,637 48,004 107,152

3,253

2,000,083 1,897,308
888,288 883,470

466,257 546,806

3,114,503 2,969,415 2,253,783 2,383,873 23,431,604 21,749,865

(691,548) (1,838,705) 1,228,564 1,274,213 946,375 816,111 2,484,861 4,580,737

46,693,433 45,326,892 17,056,660 15,657,012 123,101,868 1 1 7,69 1.923

1,765,680 2,731,139 (833,351) (1,274,213)

144,787 (159,516)

(540,000) 500,000

474,107 83,537 829.2C

$47,767,565 $46,693,433 $- $- $17,843,519 $17,056,660 $125,586,729 $123,101,868

Spring

Systematics

Symposia

Each year the Museum

sponsors an interdisciplinary

symposium on topics bearing

on problems in systematics

research. Organized by

Matthew H. Nitecki, curator of

fossil invertebrates,

Department of Geology, these

symposia have been supported

by the National Science

Foundation. The 13th annual

symposium in 1990 was

concerned with the

understanding and meaning of

ethical judgment and the

relation between ethics and

evolution.

Special Gifts:
Restricted,
Capital, and
Endowed
Funds

Individuals and
Family Foundations

$100,000

Gladys N. Anderson Estate

June B. Davis Estate

Mrs. R. Winfield Ellis

Mr. & Mrs. David W. Grainger

(The Grainger Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. John H. Leslie

(The Leslie Fund)
Mr. & Mrs. Oscar G. Mayer

(Oscar G. & Elsa S. Mayer

Charitable Trust)
Arthur Rubloff Estate
Olive M. Shepherd Estate
Mr. & Mrs. Jack C. Staehle
Mrs. Theodore D. Tieken
Lucille R. Wiser Estate
The Women's Board

$10,000 to $99,999

Anonymous

Carolyn S. Akenson Estate

Mrs. P. Kelley Armour

Helen K. Bieker Estate

Mr. & Mrs. Roger O. Brown

Mr. & Mrs. Albert C. Buehler, Jr.

(AGP Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. Richard H. Cooper

(Richard H. Cooper

Foundation)
The Crown Family

(Arie & Ida Crown Memorial)
Dr. & Mrs. Edwin J. DeCosta

(The Walter E. Heller

Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. Thomas E. Donnelley II

(Thomas E. Donnelley II

Foundation)
Jamee & Marshall Field

Foundation
Evelyn Frank Estate
Mr. & Mrs. Paul W. Guenzel
Mr. & Mrs. Charles C. Haffner III
Mrs. Charles L. Hardy

(Elliott & Ann Donnelley

Foundation)

' Deceased

Walter R. Hauschildt Estate
Mr. & Mrs. Laurin H. Healy

(Winona Corporation)
Mrs. Beatrice C. Mayer
Mr. & Mrs. Brooks McCormick

(Brooks & Hope B. McCormick

Foundation)
Philip M.McKennaFoundation, Inc
Mr. & Mrs. Kenneth F.

Montgomery
Dessie P. Morrow Estate
Mrs. Arthur T. Moulding
Harry G. Nelson
Mr. & Mrs. Samuel R. Rosenthal

(D&RFund)
Norman J. Schlossman Estate
The Seabury Foundation
Edward Byron Smith

(Edward Byron Smith

Charitable Fund)
Gretchen Stewart Estate
Mr. & Mrs. Howard J. Trienens

(Howard J. & Paula M.

Trienens Foundation)
Chester D. Tripp Estate
Jane B. Tripp Estate
Mr. & Mrs. Blaine J. Yarrington

(The Chicago Community

Trust)

$1,000 to $9,999

Anonymous

Mr. & Mrs. Lowell E. Ackmann

(Ackmann Family Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. A. Watson Armour III
Cynthia Armour
Mrs. Lester Armour
Mr. & Mrs. T. Stanton Armour
Vernon Armour
Mr.* & Mrs. Edwin N. Asmann

(O. Paul Decker Memorial

Foundation)
Abby K. Babcock Estate
Kristina Barr

(Kristina Barr & George Barr

Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. Robert O. Bass
Mr. & Mrs. Peter B. Bedford
Louis Bein Estate
Mr. & Mrs. Theodore A. Bell
Mr. & Mrs. Harrington Bischof
Mr. & Mrs. Philip D. Block III

(J. B. Charitable Trust)
Mr.* & Mrs. Daniel J. Boone
Mrs. G. E. Boone
Mrs. Arthur S. Bowes
Mr. & Mrs. Willard L. Boyd
Helen D. Bronson
Mr. & Mrs. Donald J. Cameron
Mr. & Mrs. Worley H. Clark, Jr.
Mr. & Mrs. Frank W. Considine
Mr. & Mrs. Donald C. Cottrell, Jr.
John R. Covington (Howard L.

Willett Foundation, Inc.)

Mrs. William S. Covington*
Elizabeth M. Covington Estate
Mr. & Mrs. William S. Cowles
A. G. Cox Charity Trust
Mr. & Mrs. Mark Crane
Mr. & Mrs. John V. Crowe
Mr. & Mrs. Robert L. Cruikshank
Mrs. Suzette Morton Davidson
Mrs. Charles S. DeLong*
Mr. & Mrs. Howard M. Dean, Jr.
Mr. & Mrs. Robert O. Delaney
Mr. & Mrs. Gaylord Donnelley
Mr. & Mrs. James R. Donnelley

(Nina H. & James R. Donnelley

Foundation)
Filing O. Eide

Mr. & Mrs. Gordon R. Ewing
Mr. & Mrs. Thomas J. Eyerman
William F. Farley

(William F. Farley Foundation)
Mary & Bruce Feay
Mr. & Mrs. Reuben Feinberg

(Joseph & Bessie Feinberg

Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. Marshall Field
Mr. & Mrs. Charles Robert Foltz
Mr. & Mrs. Peter B. Foreman

(Peter & Virginia Foreman

Foundation/Peroke Foundation)
Robin Foster

Mr.* & Mrs. Gaylord Freeman
Mr. & Mrs. Marshall B. Front
Josephine D. Galitzine Estate
Mr. & Mrs. Gerald S. Gidwitz
Elizabeth L. Girardi
Mr. & Mrs. William B. Graham

(William B. Graham

Foundation, Inc. )
William M. Hales

(Hales Charitable Fund)
Mr. & Mrs. Corwith Hamill

(Happy Hollow Fund)
Mr. & Mrs. King W. Harris

(Harris Family Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. Charles C. Harrold III
Mr. & Mrs. Robert S. Hartman
Mr. & Mrs. Ben W. Heineman
H. John Heinz III Trust
Philip Hershkovitz
Mr. & Mrs. Rembrandt C.Hiller, Jr.
Elizabeth Hoffman
Mrs. Harold James

(The Butz Foundation)
William B. Jeffries
Mr. & Mrs. Clarence E. Johnson

(The Clarence E. & Shirley M.

Johnson Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. Curtis S. Johnson III
Mr. & Mrs. Richard F. Jones
Mr. & Mrs. Richard M. Jones
Mr. & Mrs. Harvey E. Kapnick, Jr.

(The Kapnick Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. John J. Kinsella
Mr. & Mrs. Robert D. Kolar
Mrs. Arthur H. Krausman
Mrs. Bertram D. Kribben
Mrs. John Woodworth Leslie

The rubbings reproduced on pages 20 to 33 are from tomb bricks and tiles of the Han Dynasty

(207 B.C. - 220 A.D.) found in Sichuan Province, China.

Dr. & Mrs. Edward H. Levi

Mrs. Glen A. Lloyd

Mr. & Mrs. Robert H. Malott

(Camalott Charitable

Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. Carter H. Manny, Jr.
Dr. & Mrs. Richard E. Marcus
Mr. & Mrs. Edward Matz, Jr.
Cirilo McSween

Mr. & Mrs. William J. McDonough
Mr. & Mrs. Andrew McKenna, Jr.
Mr. & Mrs. Allen C. Menke

(Menke Family Foundation)
Mrs. J. Roscoe Miller
Mr. & Mrs. Philip B. Miller
Miner- Weisz Charitable

Foundation
Mr. & Mrs. Newton N. Minow

(Minow Family Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. Leo F. Mullin
Miss Jeanne E. Murray
Hisazo Nagatani
Col. & Mrs. John B. Naser

(J BN Trust)
Mr. & Mrs. Stephen C. Neal
Abbie L. Nelson
Mr. & Mrs. Edward Neisser

( The Neisser Fund)
Mr. & Mrs. John Doane Nichols
Mr. & Mrs. John K. Notz, Jr.
Mr. & Mrs. James J. O'Connor
Mr. & Mrs. Paul W. Oliver, Jr.
Harry D. Oppenheimer II

(Oppenheimer Family

Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. James Otis, Jr.
Mr. & Mrs. Donald W. Patterson

(The Warwick Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. James R. Patton, Jr.
Mrs. Pauline Yacktman Petre

(Pauline Yacktman Foundation )
Mr. & Mrs.* Richard J. Phelan
Mr. & Mrs. Allan M. Pickus
Mr. & Mrs. John Pusinelli
Mr. & Mrs. Neil K. Quinn
Audree M. Ragan Estate
Mr. & Mrs. Frank A. Reichelderfer
Mr. & Mrs.Thomas A. Reynolds, Jr.
Mr. & Mrs. John M. Richman
George N. Ross Estate
John W. Ruettinger Estate
Mr. & Mrs. John S. Runnells
Mr. & Mrs. Patrick G. Ryan
Mr. & Mrs. Thomas R. Sanders
Mr. & Mrs. Robert E. Sargent
Mr. & Mrs. Charles E. Schroeder

(The Schroeder Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. William L. Searle
Mr. & Mrs. Richard J. L. Senior

(The Morgan-Senior

Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. Henry Shapiro

(Soretta & Henry Shapiro

Family Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. Thomas C. Sheffield, Jr.
Mr. & Mrs. John R. Siragusa
Mr. & Mrs. Jackson W. Smart, Jr.
Mr. & Mrs. Malcolm N. Smith
Mr. & Mrs. Stephen Byron Smith

Mrs. Frederick W. Spiegel

(Ruth & Frederick Spiegel

Foundation I H. H. Butler

Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. Roger W. Stone

(Roger & Susan Stone Family

Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. William S. Street

(The Seattle Foundation)
Dr. & Mrs. Robert H. Strotz
Mrs. James Swartchild '

(Co/lier-Swartchild Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. John W. Taylor, Jr.
Mr. & Mrs. John W.Taylor III
Mr. & Mrs. Bruce Thorne
Mr. & Mrs. Paul Vogel
Harold K. Voris
Mr. & Mrs. R. B.Walsh, Jr.
Mr. & Mrs. Hempstead

Washburne, Jr.
Mrs. Imy Wax

Mr. & Mrs. Roderick S. Webster
Mr. & Mrs. William L. Weiss

(William L. & Josephine B.

Weiss Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. John L. Welsh III

(McCrea Foundation)
Mrs. B. Kenneth West
Dr.* & Mrs. Louis O. Williams
Dr. & Mrs. Philip C. Williams
Mr. & Mrs. Paul C. Wilson
James R. Wimmer
Winnetka Garden Club
Mrs. J. Howard Wood
Mr. & Mrs. William Wood-Prince
Claire Zeisler

$100 TO $999

Anonymous

Mrs. Lester S. Abelson

(Lester S. Abelson Foundation)
Alicia Ann Adams
Mrs. Keene H. Addington
Mr. & Mrs. Joseph Adlesick
Katharine D. Agar
Janet AgranofI

Mr. & Mrs. Edward K. Aldworth
Sharon A. & M. Mehdi Alister
Mr. & Mrs. Stanley N. Allan
Dorothy K. Allen
Mr. & Mrs. Thomas D. Allen
Mr.* & Mrs. James W. Alsdorf

(Abdorf Foundation)
Julius Alvarez

Mr. & Mrs. J. Robert Anderson
Mr. & Mrs. John Anderson
Mr. & Mrs. Kimball R. Anderson
Sandra K. Anderson
Mr. & Mrs. Scott M. Anderson
Thomas W. Andrews
Mr. & Mrs. Lester J. Anixter
Mr. & Mrs. Bennett Archambault
Mr. & Mrs. Angelo R. Arena
Dr. & Mrs. David Ashbach

'Deceased

Total Gifts,
Bequests,
and Grants

1985

mmmmm ~ $1, 561,817 (25%)
$386,978 (6%)
^ $831,132 (14%)
™"^^^^^™ $2,493,174 (41%)

■■■™™ $874,090 (14%)
Total: $6,147,191

1986

^^^^^™ $1,595,207 (19%)
^ $358,258 (4%)
^™ $625,265 (8%)

^"""■■™ $1,232,994 (15%)
Total: $8,289,491

$4,477,767 (54%)

1987

^^ mmmm SI, 633,257 (19%)
■ $455,155 (5%)
$247,439 (3%)

$4,707,580 (55%)

$1,496,781 (18%)

1988

Total: $8,540,212

^^^■"™ $1,951,155 (18%)
$493,684 (4%)
™"^^™ $1,838,112(77%;

$4,897,390 (45%)

$1,755,182 (16%)

Total: $10,935,523

1989

■^^^^ $1,848,348 (22%)
^ $1,064,317 (12%)
$570,599 (7%)
^«i^^— $2,938,585 (35%)

$2,065,774 (24%)

Total: $8,487,623

1990

^ mmm $2,051,140 (18%)
$1,271,875 (11%)
■ $1,446,231 (13%)

$4,621,670 (40%)

$2,056,093 (18%)

Total: $11,447,009

1 Unrestricted Giving
1 Restricted Giving
'Bequests & Endowments

1 Capital

1 Government Grants

Scientific
Iiiustration

Four Field Museum artists

produce illustrations of

specimens and artifacts to

supplement the research of

the curatorial staff. They

employ a broad range of

techniques, but each has

refined a particular style:

Zbigniew Jastrzebski

specializes in pencil or pen

and ink stipple renderings of

skeletal structures and

reconstruction of pottery;

Clara Richardson-Simpson in

line and stipple

representations of zoological

and paleontological

specimens; Marlene Werner in

using carbon dust and scratch

board techniques; and Zorica

Dabich in crow quill drawings

of botanical subjects and

water color paintings of South

American monkeys.

Mr. & Mrs. Thomas G. Ayers

Richard Badger/Inge Fryklund

Mrs. Warner G. Baird, Jr.

Edwardine M. Baker

Mr. & Mrs. Paul E. Baker

Lance C. Balk

Dr. & Mrs. Eugene L. Baiter

Mr. & Mrs. James H. Bankard

Walter Baranowski

Mr. & Mrs. Norbert J. Barbahen

Dr. &Mrs. J. W. Barnes

Jane E. Barnett

Mr. & Mrs. E. Keith Barns

Mr. & Mrs. John E. Barrett

Mr. & Mrs. Robert Baumgarten

Lawrence W. Bay

Mrs. George R. Beach

Mrs. Robert A. Beatty

Virginia L. & William K. Beatty

Mrs. James H. Becker

Dr. Helen R. Beiser

Dr. Nenad Belie/Ellen Stone Belie

Mr. & Mrs. William H. Bell, Jr.

Coburn Bennett

Mr. & Mrs. Edward H. Bennett, Jr.

Mrs. B. Edward Bensinger

Mr. & Mrs. Stephen Bent

Mr. & Mrs. Harry O. Bercher

Richard A. Bergdahl

Richard S. Berger

Mrs. Byron E. Besse

Mr. & Mrs. Michael A. Bilandic

Mr. & Mrs. Kendrick D. G. Bisset

Carolyn P. Blackmon

Mr. & Mrs. Bowen Blair

Mrs. Frank W. Blatchford III

Mr. & Mrs. Joseph L. Block

Mr. & Mrs. Nelson C. Block

Mrs. Philip D. Block, Jr.

Mrs. Edwin R. Blomquist

Mrs. Harlan G. Bogie

James Bohnen

Merlin Bohse

Richard E. Boice

Dr. Brian M. Boom

Jeffrey W. Boyar

Mr. & Mrs. Stanley D. Boyer

Mrs. Nancy Brandt

Mrs. Lester Harris Brill

Mr. & Mrs. Charles A. Brizzolara

Margaret Broch

Robert H. Brooke

Mr. & Mrs. Robert E. Brooker

T. Kimball Brooker

Mr. & Mrs. Cameron Brown

(Cameron Brown Foundation)
Jennifer Martin Brown

(The Martin Foundation, Inc.)
Jerry Lee Brown / Evelyn Priebe
Josiah Brown

Mr. & Mrs. Albert J. Browne
Mrs. T. von Donop Buddington
Dr. & Mrs. Andrew D. Bunta
Dr. & Mrs. William C. Burger
Mrs. Gunnar Burgeson
Mr. & Mrs. Robert G. Burkhardt
Donald E. Burney
Mrs. Joseph A. Burnham

Marie Kraemer Burnside
Mr. & Mrs. Robert S. Burrows
Mr. & Mrs. Clark Burrus
Rhett W. Butler

(Butler Family Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. Dean C. Byrd
Mr. & Mrs. Gregory D. Byrne
Mr. & Mrs. Robert D. Cadieux

(Cadieux Charitable Trust)
Eleanor F. Caldwell
Mr. & Mrs. L. Bradley Callicott
John F. Calmeyn
Mr. & Mrs. Douglas H. Cameron
Mr. & Mrs. John G. Campbell
Mr. & Mrs. Kyle L. Campbell
Mrs. Robert A. Carr
Mr. & Mrs. Walter A. Carson
Beatrice Carter

Dr. & Mrs. Robert Wells Carton
Dr. & Mrs. Ramon E. Casas
Mr. 8c Mrs. Brian J. Casey
Mrs. Jack Cavcnaugh
Mr. & Mrs. Hammond E.

Chaffetz (Chaffetz Family

Foundation)
Mrs. Jerry G. Chambers
Mr. & Mrs. Raymond M.

Champion, Jr.
Mr. & Mrs. Henry T. Chandler
Michael F. Chaneske
Elvin E. Chariry/Roxanne M. Ward
Mrs. Mary V. Chen
Mr. & Mrs. Walter L. Cherry

(Virginia B. & Walter L.

Cherry Trust)
Mr. & Mrs. W. T. Chester
Mr. & Mrs. August C. Chidichimo
William G. Chorn
Mr. & Mrs. Richard C. Christian
Dr. & Mrs. Kenneth W. Ciriacks
Mr. & Mrs. Donald C. Clark
Dorothy Clissold
Mr. & Mrs. Harry B. Clow, Jr.
Gregory Coakley
Mr. & Mrs. Charles E. Collopy
Walter Compton
Janet N. Connor
Mr. & Mrs. Stanton R. Cook
Mrs. Edward A. Cooper
Mrs. Gale C. Corley
Gerald Corrigan
Mr. & Mrs. Joseph E. Coughlin
Mr. & Mrs. James R. Coulter
Mr. & Mrs. Ernest Cousins, Jr.
Roger E. Covey

Mr. & Mrs. Kenneth R. Cowan
Mr. & Mrs. Frank R. Crisafulli
Carta S. Crofoot
Wayne C. Cross
Mrs. Sandra K. Crown
Paul F. Cruikshank
Mr. & Mrs. Herschel Cudd
David W. Cugell, M.D.
Mr. John F. Cuneo, Jr.

(The Cuneo Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. Christopher Lin

Cunnison
Kenneth H. Currier

Clarence Curtis

Gertrude L. Curtis

Dr. & Mrs. Robert P. Cutler

Mr. & Mrs. William Czerwinski

Casimer J. Czochara, Jr.

Thomas J. Czubak

Dr. & Mrs. Anthony M.

D Agostino
Mr. & Mrs. Ernest A. Dahl, Jr.
Mr. & Mrs. DinoJ. D'Angelo
Mr. & Mrs. John A. Daniels
Mr. & Mrs. Ken M. Davee

(The Davee Foundation)
Mrs. Leonard S. Davidow
Charles A. Davis
Mr. & Mrs. Marvin Davis
Wendell K. Decker
Mrs. Emmett Dedmon
Mr. & Mrs. Louis H. T. Dehmlow
Ruth M. A. Denn
Mr. & Mrs. Charles Dennehy
Mr. & Mrs. Jack Der Kacy
Amy T. Dickinson
Mrs. William R. Dickinson, Jr.
Paul Dickman
Michael O. Dillon
Mr. & Mrs. William S. Dillon
Rocco A. Dimeo
Mrs. Wesley M. Dixon
Patricia Dodson
Dr. Robert D. Dooley
Dr. & Mrs. Erl Dordal
Ron Dorfman

Mr. & Mrs. James Doughan
James C. Dowdle
Robert A. Duewerth
Mrs. Robert J. Duffy
Mr. & Mrs. Donald Dugan
Dr. & Mrs. George Dunea
Mr. & Mrs. Maurice F. Dunne, Jr.
Mr. & Mrs. Joseph P. Durrett
Dr. & Mrs. Gerald Dusza
Donna G. Earl
Robert J. Eck
Mr. & Mrs. Robert C. Edwards

(Woodruff & Edwards

Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. John W. Elias
Mr. & Mrs. Larry Elkins
J. Thomas Eller
Mr. & Mrs. E.W.Elliott, Jr.
Dr. & Mrs. James P. Elmes
Mrs. Josephine F. Elting
Mrs. Marjorie H. Elting
Daniel N. Epstein
Mr. & Mrs. John W. Estey
Dr. & Mrs. Richard H. Evans
Lucy F. Fairbank
Edith H. Falk
Mrs. John V. Farwell IV
Peter A. Fasseas
Mrs. Irene H. Fausr
Harry & Arlene Feiger
Dr. & Mrs. Meyer Feldberg
Mr. & Mrs.Warren L.Fellingham, Jr.
Mr. John R. Fenner
Robert J. Ferrari
Mr. & Mrs. Robert C. Ferris

Mrs. Robert Fesmire
Mr. & Mrs. Paul Fisher
Mr. & Mrs. Irving S. Fishman
Mr. & Mrs. Henry G. Fitts, Jr.
Mr. & Mrs. William Florian
Mr. & Mrs. A. Robert Florio 111
Mr. & Mrs. Dwight W. Follett
Mr. & Mrs. Francis G. Foster, Jr.
Dr. & Mrs. Robert H. Foulkes
Mrs. Hubert D. Fox
Mr. & Mrs. Earl J. Frederick
Mr. & Mrs. Cyrus F. Freidheim, Jr.
The Friday Club
Mr. & Mrs. William D. Frost
" Mr. & Mrs. Maurice F. Fulton

(Maurice & Muriel Fulton

Foundation)
Donald I. Funk. M.D.
Dan Galardy

Dr. & Mrs. John S. Garvin
Mr. & Mrs. John S. Gates
Mr. & Mrs. Stephen F. Gates
Mr. & Mrs. James J. Gavin, Jr.
Mr. & Mrs. Paul G. Gebhard
Mr. & Mrs. Raymond I.

Geraldson, Jr.
Dr. & Mrs. Bernard C. Gerber
Mr. & Mrs. Stephen A. Gerlicher
Mr. & Mrs. Robert B. Gerrie
Mr. & Mrs. William J. Gibbons
Mr. & Mrs. James Gidwitz
Joseph L. Gidwitz
Mr. & Mrs. Gerald P. Giese
Mr. & Mrs. Richard A. Giesen
Mr. & Mrs. William A. Gifford, Jr.
Mr. & Mrs. George Gilbert
Mr. & Mrs. Alfred E. Gladding
Mrs. James J. Glasser

(D&RFund)
Mr. & Mrs. Henry J. Glinsman
Thomas W. Goldberg
Dr. & Mrs. Julian R. Goldsmith
Mr. & Mrs. John T. Golitz
Mr. & Mrs. Roberto Gonzalez
Mr. & Mrs. David E. Good
Morris F. Goodman
Edward Gordon
Lawrence W. Gougler
Dr. & Mrs. John G. Graham
Mary Jo Green

Mr. & Mrs. Thomas V. Greene
Mr. & Mrs. Seymour Greenman
Colonel & Mrs. Clifford C. Gregg
Mr. & Mrs. George Price Grieve
Mr. & Mrs. Wayne Grobarcik
Mr. & Mrs. John Grochowski
Mr. & Mrs. Edmund Gronkiewicz
Lewis & Misty Gruber
Mr. & Mrs. Carl A. Grunschel
Dr. & Mrs. RolfM.Gunnar
Mr. & Mrs. Robert C. Gunness
Delores H. Gustafson
Dr. & Mrs. Ralph F. Haag
Mrs. Burton W. Hales

(Hales Charitable Fund)
Mr. & Mrs. Harry C. Hall
Mr. & Mrs. J. Parker Hall
Ernestine Hambrik, M.D.

Mr. & Mrs. Thomas R. Hanson

Irving B. Harris

Philip Harris / Claire Hartfield

Mr. & Mrs. Nelson K. Harrison

Karen R. Harsha

James W. Hart

Kyle L. Harvey

Dr. William A. Haseltine

Dr. & Mrs. Malcolm H. Hast

Clarence M. Hatfield

Mr. & Mrs. F. William Hauschildt

Mr. & Mrs. Marty Hauselman

Mr. & Mrs. David C. Hawley

Mr. & Mrs. Alfred H. Hayes

Maryann C. Hayes

Mr. & Mrs. Daniel R. Hayman

Mr. & Mrs. Edward S. Healy

Mr. & Mrs. J. Duncan Healy

Josephine Hedges

Wayne E. & Colette J. Hedien

James L. Heller

Mr. & Mrs. Duncan Y. Henderson

Mr. & Mrs. Thomas R. Hengehold

Mr. & Mrs. Henry J. Henke

Mary Ellen Hennessy

Mr. & Mrs. Harold H. Hensold. Jr.

Derral R. Herbst

Norman Hessler

EdnaM. Hill

Mr. & Mrs. Stacy H. Hill

Mr. & Mrs. David Lea Hillis

Mr. & Mrs. Edward Hines

Mrs. Harold H. Hines, Jr.

Mr. & Mrs. John L. Hines

Mr. & Mrs. Donald M. Hintz

Mrs. Edwin F. Hirsch

Mr. & Mrs. Joel S. Hirsch

Dr. & Mrs. Jerome H.

Hirschmann
Edward B. Hirshfeld
Mrs. Richard H. Hobbs
Joel Hochberg

Mr. & Mrs. Larry J. Hochberg
Mr. & Mrs. Kenneth P. Hoekstra
Harry Hoffman*

Mr. & Mrs. Thomas J. Hoffmann
John A. Holabird, Jr.
Craig J. Holderness
Mr. & Mrs. David B. Horn
Mr. & Mrs. Charles R. Horwitz
Mr. & Mrs. Allen F. Hosticka
Mr. & Mrs. Karl Humbert
Mr. & Mrs. Philip W. Hummer
Marjorie M. Humphrey
Mrs. Harvey Huston
Mrs. Chauncey Keep Hutchins
Mr. & Mrs. Howard H.

Hutchinson
Mrs. W. F. Huter
Mr. & Mrs. Robert C. Hyndman
Dr. & Mrs. Stanley O. Ikenberry
Mr. & Mrs. Robert S. Ingersoll
Dr. Dominique Irvine
Ellen Isaacson
Sue B. Ish
Dr. & Mrs. Michael Jablon

* Deceased

Unrestricted
Giving

1985

'$559,088 (36%)

' $213,700 (14%)

Total: $1,561,817

$789,028 (50%)

1986

1 $498,149 (31%)

5305,200 (19%)

Total: $1,595,207

$791,858 (50%)

1987

'$587,200 (36%)

'$187,000 (11%)

'$859,057 (53%)

Total: $1,633,257

1988

'$558,256 (29%)

'$302,150 (16%)

'$1,040,750 (55%)

Total: $1,951,155

1989

$563,697 (31 l .

$262,700 (14%)

$1,021,951 (55%)

Total: $1,848,348

1990

$466,452 (23%)

$253,580 1 12%)

1 $1,331,108 (65%)

Total: $2,051,140

■Corporations
1 Foundations
'Individual & Family Foundations

Note: This chart details the "Unrestricted Giving"
column shown in the "Total Gifts, Bequests, and Grants"
chart on Page 25.

In The Field

The Museum's new

membership publication, In the

Field: The Bulletin of the Field

Museum of Natural History,

premiered in July 1990 with

news of the discovery by Field

Museum researchers in

Madagascar of a living

population of red-tailed

Newtonia (above), a bird long

thought to be extinct. The

bimonthly newspaper features

articles by curators and others

on the Museum's research

activities and public programs,

and highlights events of

interest to members.

Dr. Lauren Krent Jacker

Mr. & Mrs. Robert L. Jacob

Mr. & Mrs. Frederick G. Jaicks

Gordon K. James, Jr.

Mr. & Mrs. Kenneth J. James

Mr. & Mrs. Joseph E. Jannotta, Jr.

Mr. & Mrs. Brian Colt Jerome

Dr. Timothy A. Johns

Mr. & Mrs. Robert L. Johnson

Robert L. Johnson

Charles B. Jones

Phyllis A. Jones

Robert J. Jordan

William K. Jordan 11

Mr. & Mrs. Thomas P. Joyce

Mr. & Mrs. Paul R. Judy

Marjorie June

Edward J. Juracek

Mr. & Mrs. Joseph E. Kalsch

Philip J. Kania

Dr. & Mrs. Alan Kanter

Mr. & Mrs. Bernard Karlin

Eugene Kart

Mr. &C Mrs. Byron C. Karzas

Mary Kay Karzas

Mr. & Mrs. Edward L. Kasper

Dorothy A. Keating

Catherine M. Keebler

Mrs. Richard L. Keller

Mrs. Norman R. Kelley

Mr. & Mrs. John S. Kellogg, Sr.

Dr. & Mrs. Daniel J. Kelly

Mr. & Mrs. Donald P. Kelly

Mr. & Mrs. Thomas A. Kelly

Mrs. A. Frederick Kempe

Joseph F. Kindlon

Margaret Mertz King

Neil King

Dr. Steven R. King

Mrs. William T. Kirk, Jr.

Bruce Klefstad

Edward T. Klunk

Mr. & Mrs. Thomas Koenig

Dr. Vilma L. Kohn

Mr. & Mrs. Daniel B. Kokes

Mr. & Mrs. Martin J. Koldyke

(Koldyke Family Foundation)
Leonard Kolender
Barry Konig
Robert W. Kopaczewski
Mr. & Mrs. Edward Kopp
Dr. Richard Korf
Mr. & Mrs. Kenneth Kostal
Howard G. Krane
Mr. & Mrs. Lee V. Kremer
Mr. & Mrs. Frederich A. Kremple
Mr. & Mrs. Warren R. Kremske
Timothy J. Kress
Mrs. Irwin E. Kretchmer
Scott Krueger
Mr. & Mrs. James A. Kuehnle

Duane R. Kullberg
Mercedes Anita Laing
Mr. & Mrs. Arthur La Velle
Mr. & Mrs. Marshall S. Leaf
Mr. & Mrs. Richard H. Leet

(Leet Charitable Trust)
Mr. & Mrs. David M. Lefkow
Bernice H. Lehmann
Hon. & Mrs. George N. Leighton
Frederick R. Lent
Mr. & Mrs. Lawrence R. Levin
Mr. & Mrs. Fred J. Levy
Dr. & Mrs. Michael S. Lewis
Mary E. Liebman
Charlotte T. Lindar-Gorbunoff
Camille Lione
Mrs. Richard G. Lione
Mr. & Mrs. Robert S. Lipsky
Mrs. F. Chapin Litten
M. Susan Lopez
David B. Love
Mrs. Rena I. Lozins
Bettina R. Mac Ayeal
Mr. & Mrs. Walter M. Mack
Mr. & Mrs. William J. Mack
Mr. & Mrs. William O. Maddocks
Mr. & Mrs. John W. Madigan
Mr. & Mrs. Samuel A. Mages
Mrs. Patricia A. Magon
Mr. & Mrs. William R. Mahoney
Francis M. Malone
Mr. & Mrs. Stephen Manchee
Dr. & Mrs. Arthur Marc
Mr. & Mrs. Alfred J. Marks
James A. Marshall
Mr. & Mrs. Joseph Matta
Mr. & Mrs. Robert T. Matz
Mrs. David Mayer
Mrs. Frank D. Mayer
Mr. & Mrs. Frank D. Mayer, Jr.
Mr. & Mrs. George Barr

McCutcheon II
Mr. & Mrs. Wayne McDaniel
Clarence T. McDonald, Jr.
Mr. & Mrs. William H. McElnea
Dr. & Mrs. Ernest G. McEwen
Mr. & Mrs. John E. McGovern, Jr.
Mr. & Mrs. John P. McHugh
Mr. & Mrs. Harold F. McKay
Dr. & Mrs. Peter McKinney
Mr. & Mrs. Andrew J. McMillan
Mr. & Mrs. Ben McQueen
Mrs. Eugene J. McVoy
Elisabeth C. Meeker
Mr. & Mrs. John C. Meeker
Mr. & Mrs. Henry W. Meers

(Henry W. Meers Fund)
Ernst Melchior
Charles W. Melind
Nancy F. Meloy
Mr. & Mrs. Hugo J. Melvoin
Mrs. Herman Menzel
Mr. & Mrs. Joseph M. Michaels
George F. Mihelic
Norman A. Miller
Mr. & Mrs. Paul J. Miller
Rebecca Anne Miller
Mrs. Robert Montes

Mr. & Mrs.John R.Montgomery III

Mr. & Mrs. Carl E. Moore

Mrs. Carolyn S. Moore

Mrs. Remo Morelli

Juliet Morgan

Scott A. Mori/Carol Gracie

Mr. & Mrs. John H. Morrison

Gregory M. Mueller /

Betty A. Strack
Mr. &Mrs. Roger William

Mueller
Mr. & Mrs. Aidan I. Mullett
Mr. & Mrs. Robert W. Mundstock
Mr. & Mrs. Charles A. Munn III
Nina A. Murphy
Richard J. Murphy
Ann E. Murray
Dr. Mary Aileen Murray
Barbara Murtha
Dr. & Mrs. Charles F. Nadler
Mr. & Mrs. Charles F. Nadler, Jr.
Mrs. Joseph E. Nathan
Lois E. Natusch
Dr. & Mrs. Charles R. Neach
Mr. & Mrs. Earl L. Neal
Mr. & Mrs. Cary L. Neiman
Mr. & Mrs. Norman W. Nelson
Patricia A. Nemeth
Thomas B. Nendick
Mr. & Mrs. Jerome J. Nerenberg
Mr. & Mrs. Alan Nesburg
Dr. & Mrs. Lorin I. Nevling, Jr.
Ralph G. Newman
Mr. & Mrs. Donald Newton
Christine Niezgoda
Diana L. Nolan

Mr. & Mrs. Donald E. Nordlund
Lucille Ann Nunes
Mrs. John Nuveen
Paul R. Nylander
Marjorie E. Nystrom
Mrs. Anton Oberhuber
Mr. & Mrs. Maurice J. O'Brien

(M. J. Family Foundation)
Therese M. Obringer
Paul E. Ogle
Thomas R. Okleshen
Carl B. Olson
Mrs. Norman Olson (Katherine L.

Olson Charitable Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. Ralph Thomas O'Neil
Mrs. Harry D. Oppenheimer II
Mr. & Mrs. Ernest Oppman
Mr. & Mrs. Richard C. Oughton
Mr. & Mrs. Ray E. Over
David T. Owsley
Mr. & Mrs. Willard C. Packard
Mr. &C Mrs. Samuel Papanek III
Dr. & Mrs. William L. Parish, Jr.
Mr. & Mrs. William J. Parker, Jr.
Bonnie P. Pashkow
Mr. & Mrs. Monroe B. Passis
Cathy Patrick
Bruce Patterson
Mrs. O. Macrae Patterson
Mr. & Mrs. Richard D. Patterson
Mr. & Mrs. William J. Pavey
Mr. & Mrs. Carleton Pearl

Frederic C. Pearson
Mary Chase Pell
Marianne F. Perkins
Mr. & Mrs. Julian S. Pern-
Richard E. Petit
Dr. & Mrs. C. B. Petty- Weeks
Mr. & Mrs. John Phillips
Mr. & Mrs. A. A. Pickering
Mr. & Mrs. Richard Pigott
Jeffrey M. Pines

Mr. & Mrs. Carl M. Plochman III
Mr. & Mrs. Bernard G. Pollack

(Mary Jane & Bernard Pollack

Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. Walter Polner
Mr. & Mrs. Kenneth N. Pontikes
Mrs. George A. Poole
Mr. & Mrs. Charles D. Porter
Mr. & Mrs. David Poster
Jamie Ann Potash
Mr. & Mrs. Charles S. Potter
Mr. & Mrs. Newell Pottorf
Prairie Woods Audubon Society
Mr. & Mrs. Harvey Pranian
Dr. & Mrs. Kenneth J. Printen
Mr. & Mrs. Dale A. Pritkin
Mrs. Virginia F. Pullman
Mr. & Mrs. James A. Radtke
Mr. & Mrs. Norman X. Raidl
Anthony Ramirez
Mr. & Mrs. Alan Ramsay
George A. Rannev, Sr.
Mr. & Mrs. James H. Ransom
Mr. &£ Mrs. Roy A. Rauschenberg
Dr. Peter H. Raven
Dr. & Mrs. William R. Reed
Mr. & Mrs. H. Thomas

Reepmeyer
Miss Ruth Regenstein
Lewis W. Reich
Mrs. Robert W. Reneker
Rovvena M. Rennie
Dr. & Mrs. Richard W. Renwick
Mr. & Mrs. Harold Reskin
Mrs. Merle Reskin
Mr. & Mrs. Don H. Reuben
Mr. & Mrs. Joseph E. Rich
Mr. & Mrs. R. Norton Richards
Dr. E. P. Richardson, Jr.
Mrs. Samuel A. Rinella
Mr. & Mrs. Donald J. Rippert
Dr. & Mrs. W. R. Risk
Mr. & Mrs. Harry V. Roberts
Penelope Robinson
Rhonda Rochambeau
Mr. & Mrs. H. P. Davis Rockwell
Mr. & Mrs. Frederick Roe

(Milius Roe Foundation)
Mrs. Ward C. Rogers
Mr. & Mrs. Edward M. Roob
Mr. & Mrs. John Rose
Dr. & Mrs. Robert L. Rosen
Dr. & Mrs. Max Rosenberg
Sarah R. Rosenbloom
Mr. & Mrs. Joseph A. Rosin
Elizabeth B. Roth
Mr. & Mrs. Gordon G. Rothrock
Lawrence Rowan

Mr. & Mrs. William A. Rowe
H. Nelson Rowley III
Mr. & Mrs. Ernest J. Rua, Jr.
Don Ruegg

Mr. & Mrs. I. W. Ruge
Saul & Beverlee Ruman
Mr. & Mrs. Charles T. Ruppman
Nancy Tamm Ruscitti
Mary A. Russell
Dr. John H. Rust
Mrs. Shirley A. Sallas
Mr. 8c Mrs. Gerald B. Salrzberg
Mr. & Mrs. Quentin E. Samuelson
Norman L. Sandfield
Mr. & Mrs. Joseph N. Sargo
Regina M. Sariol
Mr. & Mrs. Dante G. Scarpelli
Mr. & Mrs. George Schaaf
Mr. & Mrs. William J. Schaefle
Mr. & Mrs. Henry F. Schiele
Mr. & Mrs. Eric M. Schiller
Dr. Laurence D. Schiller /
Cathleen A. Weigley
Mr. & Mrs. Richard H. Schnadig
Dr. & Mrs. J. A. Schoenberger
Mrs. Robert J. Schofield
Ray J. Schoonhoven
Mr. & Mrs. Rodd M. Schreiber
Dr. & Mrs. Robert F. Schroeder
Richard E. Schultes
Mrs. Elizabeth M. Schultz
Calvin Selfridge
Mr. & Mrs. Bruce Sents
Mr. & Mrs. Charles E. Sertich
Mr. & Mrs. C. Olin Sethness
Mr. & Mrs. John Shad
Mr. & Mrs. Charles H. Shaw
John M. Shay

Dr. & Mrs. Mitchell B. Sheinkop
Mr. & Mrs. Steve Sheldon
Julie P. Shelton
Melissa A. Shennan
John G. Shields
Dr. Robert W. Shoemaker
Lauretta Silver!
Michael Silverstein
Mrs. John M. Simpson
Mrs. Gerald A. Sivage
Mrs. Frank A. Slauf
Mr. & Mrs. Guy Slaughter
Susan A. Sloma
Mr. & Mrs. Bruce M. Smith
Mrs. Gordon Smith
Jackie Smith
Mrs. Lawrence D. Smith
Louise K. Smith

Mr. & Mrs. Worthington L. Smith
James E. Smittkamp
Mr. & Mrs. John F. Sohl
Mrs. Gatzert Spiegel
Michael & Judith Spock

Membership

Three members won trips to Hawaii and another a trip to New

Zealand in raffles during the three-night members' previews of

"Traveling the Pacific" I November 1989) and "Pacific Spirits"

(November 1990). A special program featuring talks by Pacific

exhibit developers in August 1989 drew more than 1,000 members

Attendance

1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990

1,089,167

■ 1,165,027

■ 1,156,184
i^" 1,332,707
■■^^ 1,498,208
^^^™ 1,465,938

The New
Explorers

The Museum's Education
Department, working with a
group of Chicago teachers, the
University of Chicago Lab
School, and Argonne National
Laboratory, developed a
curriculum for fourth- to
eighth-graders to accompany
the "Islands in the Jungle"
episode of The New Explorers,
the PBS television series
produced by Museum trustee
Bill Kurtis. The series aims to
teach science and to interest
students in scientific careers
by personalizing scientific
adventure and discovery.
("Islands" features the work of
Field Museum researchers in
Peru.) The Museum is the
repository for tapes of the
series, which are available for
loan to teachers along with
teaching materials and hands-
on activities for students.
Amoco Corp. and Waste
Management, Inc. have
helped subsidize a national
marketing campaign for the
teaching materials. A second
year of the series is in
production, and the Museum
is again participating in
curriculum development.

Mr. & Mrs. E. Norman Staub

Robert J. Stavigna

Mr. & Mrs. Allan I. Steinberg

Mr. & Mrs. Gardner H. Stern

Mr. & Mrs. Harry L. Stern

Mr. & Mrs. Adlai E. Stevenson III

Hal S. R. Stewart

Mr. & Mrs. Frederick H. Stitt

Mr. & Mrs. Robert L. Stocker

Mr. & Mrs. Francis H. Straus II

Mr. & Mrs. Jacob C. Stuck!

Dr. & Mrs. Robert Study

Mr. & Mrs. Barry F. Sullivan

Mr. & Mrs. Bert O. Sullivan, Jr.

Mr. & Mrs. John W. Sullivan

(Susan R. &]ohn W. Sullivan

Foundation)
Mr. & Mrs. James L. Surpless
Mrs. William G. Swartchild, Jr.
Mr. & Mrs. Jack A. Swelstad
Mr. & Mrs. Arthur T. Swick
Mr. & Mrs. Edward F. Swift III
Mrs. Gustavus F. Swift, Jr.
Mr. & Mrs. Theodore P. Swift
Mr. & Mrs. James B. Tafel
Nina Tai
Jackie L. Tajiri
Mr. & Mrs. Terence Tanner
Bill S. Taylor
Carol G. Taylor
Dr. & Mrs. Roy L. Taylor
John W. Terborgh
Mr. & Mrs. Richard L. Thomas
Marilyn Thompson
Mr. & Mrs. Prasong Thongsai
Mr. & Mrs. John L. Thoresdale
Mrs. Theodore D. Tieken, Jr.
Karl Tilton
Paul E. Tobin
Nobuo Tokunaga
Mr. & Mrs. William J. Townsley
Mr. & Mrs. Ronald Tracy
Victor R. Trautwein, Sr.
Mr. & Mrs. Melvin A. Traylor, Jr.
Mr. & Mrs. Thomas Tubergen
Norman Tucker
Mr. & Mrs. Frank Q. Tuma
Dr. & Mrs. William D. Turnbull
Mrs. C. Perin Tyler
Matilda J. Tyler
Dr. & Mrs. Edward Unger
Mr. & Mrs. James Vallely
Mrs. Herbert A. Vance
Lillian Vanek
Sandra E. Van Tilburg
Mr. & Mrs. Theodore W. Van

Zelst (Minann, Inc.)
Mr. & Mrs. Jeffrey S. Vender
George Vernon
Mr. & Mrs. William Taylor

Vickers
Mr. & Mrs. Gary S. Visconti
Mr. & Mrs. Frank E. Voysey
Robert W. Wadsworth
Mr. & Mrs. S. A. Wagner
Mr. & Mrs. George M. Walker

' Deceased

Malcolm M. Walker
Mr. & Mrs. Tommy Walker
Mr. & Mrs. David L. Wallace
Mr. & Mrs. E. Worthington

Walters
Mrs. Thomas M. Ware
Mr. & Mrs. Daniel Warkenthien
Mr. & Mrs. John S. Warner
Mr. & Mrs. Michael A. Warner
Mr. & Mrs. Russell V. Watts
Mrs. E. Leland Webber
Dr. & Mrs. Arnold R. Weber
Mr. & Mrs. Henry Wehr
Michael E. Weiner
Carey Weiss

Mrs. John Paul Welling*
Mrs. Daniel R. Welsh
Dr. & Mrs. Rupert L. Wenzel
Mr. & Mrs. Henry P. Wheeler
Mr. & Mrs. Curtis R. Whisler
Dr. & Mrs. Walter W. Whisler
Mr. & Mrs. Richard R.

Whitaker.Jr.
Mr. & Mrs. Lee E. Whitcomb
Mr. & Mrs. Miles D. White
Willard E. White
Eldon L. Whiteside
Mr. & Mrs. Lawson E.

Whitesides, Jr.
Sally M. Whiting
Constance Wiedeman
Mr. & Mrs. Thornton B. Wierum
Mr. & Mrs. Clyde F. Willian
Mrs. Benton J. Willner

(Madeline & Henry Straus

Endowment Fund)
Dr. & Mrs. Lanny Wilson
Mr. & Mrs. Robert H. Wilson
Mr. & Mrs. Timothy R. Wilson
John T. Winburn
Barbara K. Wing
Mr. & Mrs. Elwyn C. Winland
John W.Winn '
Nancy Corwith Hamill Winter
Mr. & Mrs. Robert E. Wise
Mr. & Mrs. Albert H. Wohlers
Mr. & Mrs. John C. Wolfe
Sheffield Wolk
Mrs. Peter Wolkonsky
Arthur M. Wood
Henry C. Wood, Jr.
Mrs. Frank H. Woods
Mary H. Woodward
George C. Wright
Mr. & Mrs. Merle Wyld
Mr. & Mrs. Bruce A. Young, Jr.
Mrs. George B. Young
Mr. & Mrs. Mark Zalatoris
Mr. & Mrs. Max Zar
Mr. & Mrs. Carl A. Zehner
Mr. & Mrs. Merrill Zenner
Mr. & Mrs. Frank O.

Zimmermann
Lois Zoller

Gift in Trust:

Mrs. Glen A. Lloyd

Special Gifts:
Restricted
Capital, and
Endowed
Funds

Corporations and
Foundations

$100,000 and Above

Amoco Foundation, Inc.

Aon Corporation

The Chicago Community Trust

Elizabeth Ferguson Trust

The Field Foundation of Illinois, Inc.

The Joyce Foundation

W.K. Kellogg Foundation

The John D. and Catherine T.

MacArthur Foundation
Robert R. McCormick Charitable

Trust
The Regenstein Foundation
The Daniel F. and Ada L.Rice

Foundation
Sears, Roebuck & Co.

$10,000 TO $99,999

The Allstate Foundation

Amsted Industries Foundation

The Baxter Foundation

Beatrice Foundation

The Chase Manhattan Corporation

Elizabeth F. Cheney Foundation

Comdisco Inc.

Commonwealth Edison Company

The DeSoto Foundation

R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company

Fel-Pro/MeckJenburger Foundation

First National Bank of Chicago

Foundation
FMC Foundation
GE Foundation
Geraldi-Norton Memorial

Corporation
Helene Curtis Industries Inc.
William Randolph Hearst

Foundation
Walter E. Heller Foundation
Illinois Tool Works Inc.
Kemper Educational & Charitable

Foundation
Kemper Financial Services, Inc.
James S. Kemper Foundation
Kraft General Foods
Bertha LeBus Charitable Trust
Louis R. Lurie Foundation
Midcon Corporation
Morton International

National Boulevard Foundation

The Northern Trust Company

John Nuveen and Co.

Polk Bros. Foundation

The Quaker Oats Foundation

The Rockefeller Foundation

Ronald McDonald Children's

Charities
Saferv-Kleen Corp. Sara Lee

Foundation
Dr. Scholl Foundation
Simpson Trust Foundation
The Siragusa Foundation
Susman & Asher Foundation
Touche Ross and Co.
United .Airlines Foundation
Walgreen Co.
Harrv Weese & Associates
Wm. Wrigleyjr. Company

$5,000 to $9,999

American National Bank

Foundation
AT & T Foundation
Bridgestone/Firestone
Leo Burnett USA
Centel Corporation
CR Industries
DDB Needham Worldwide
Marshall Field's
Harris Bank Foundation
Hartmarx Corporation
Household International
The Peoples Gas Light & Coke

Company
Price Waterhouse & Co.
Rockwell International
Salomon Foundation Inc.
Sargent & Lundy
Schwarz Paper Company
Skil Corporation

$1,000 TO $4,999

ACCO International, Inc.
Ameritech Foundation
ARCO Foundation
Bankers Trust Company
Berg, DeMarco, Lewis & Sawatski
William Blair & Company
Burke, Wilson & Mcllvaine
Chicago Title & Trust Company
Chicago Tribune Foundation
The Coca-Cola Company
GATX Corp.

GTE Automatic Electric

Laboratories, Inc.
Hascek-Melville Corporation
Hutchinson, Shockey, Erley Co.
Illinois Bell
IMCERA Group
International Business Machines

Corporation
Kirkland & Ellis
LaSalle National Bank
Maytag Corporation Foundation
McDonald's Corporation
Mobil Foundation, Inc.
Moore Business Forms, Inc.
Motorola Foundation
Northern Illinois Gas
Ogilvy & Mather, Inc.
Philip Morris Incorporated
Rubloff, Inc.
Santa Fe Pacific
Schal Associates
Seattle Foundation Trust Fund
Shell Companies Foundation, Inc.
|. Walter Thompson
USG Foundation, Inc.
Winston & Strawn
Xerox Corporation

$100 to $999

Chicago Extruded Metals

Exchange National Bank

First American Bank of Chicago

Home Savings of America

Kansas City Southern Industries, Inc.

Kellum Temporaries

Douglas Kenyon Inc.

Louisville Community Foundation

Depository, Inc.
Marquette National Bank
William M. Mercer-Meidinger-

Hansen, Incorporated
Midwest Bank & Trust Co.
Montgomery Ward Foundation
Morgan Stanley & Company
R.J.R. Nabisco, Inc.
Kenneth Nebenzahl, Inc.
Oriental Art Society of Chicago
Pepsico Foundation
Pfizer, Inc.
Roosevelt University
Strombecker Corporation
U.S. West Foundation
Vedder, Price, Kaufman &

Kammholz
Henrv C. Wienecke, Inc.
World Book Publishing Company

Benefactors

Sustaining Benefactors are individuals, foundations, and

corporations whose cumulative contributions total $1,000,000 or

more. During 1989 and 1990, the following individuals were

formally recognized as Sustaining Benefactors for their

exceptional generosity: Mr. and Mrs. Jack C. Staehle and Mr. and

Mrs. Theodore D. Tiecken. (Theodore D. Tieken passed away on

January 24, 1990.

Museum Benefactors are individuals, foundations, and

corporations whose cumulative contributions total $100,000 or

more. During 1989 and 1990, the following individuals and family

foundations were formally recognized as Museum Benefactors:

Mrs. Pamela Kelley Armour

Mr. and Mrs. Richard Cooper

(The Richard H. Cooper Foundation)

The Arie and Ida Crown Memorial

Mr. and Mrs. Corwith Hamill

Mr. and Mrs. John H. Leslie

Mrs. Glen A. Lloyd

Mr. and Mrs. Samuel R. Rosenthal

Mr. and Mrs. Edward Byron Smith

During 1989 and 1990, the following corporations and
foundations were formally recognized as Museum Benefactors:

Ameritech Foundation

Chicago Tribune Foundation

DeSoto Foundation

Lloyd A. Fry Foundation

Harris Bank Foundation

Kraft, Inc.

International Business Machines Corporation

McMaster-Carr Supply Company

National Endowment for the Arts

Peat, Marwick and Main

Daniel F. and Ada L. Rice Foundation

Rockefeller Foundation

S&C Electric Company

Santa Fe Southern Pacific Foundation

Sara Lee Foundation

Simpson Trust Foundation

United Airlines Foundation

Waste Management

Geology Labs

An $800,000 renovation of the
Museum's paleontological
research facilities has begun
that will revamp some 6,700
square feet of laboratory
space. Among the areas
marked for improvement are
the geomagnetics laboratory,
the fossil and rock preparation
facilities, and the image-
analysis laboratory. The work
is supported by a $375,000
grant from the National
Science Foundation and a
$200,000 commitment from the
Arie and Ida Crown Memorial.

Unrestricted
Gifts

Corporations and
Foundations

$5,000 and Above

Aon Corporation
Amoco Foundation, Inc.
Bankers Trust Company
The Barker Welfare Foundation
William Blair & Company
Borg- Warner Foundation, Inc.
Burke, Wilson & Mcllvaine
Chicago Board ol Trade

Foundation
The Chicago Community Trust
Chicago Tribune Foundation
Continental Bank Foundation
Crum & Forster Foundation
The DeSoto Foundation
Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.
First National Bank of Chicago

Foundation
FMC Foundation
Ford Motor Company Fund
HBB Foundation
Harris Associates L.P.
Household International
Illinois Bell

Illinois Tool Works Foundation
Interlake Foundation
International Business Machines

Corporation
J.C. Penney Company, Inc.
Kemper Financial Services, Inc.
Kraft General Foods
The John D. and Catherine T.

MacArthur Foundation
MacLean-Fogg Company
Marshall Field's
The Nalco Foundation
Northern Illinois Gas
The Northern Trust Company
The Albert Pick Jr. Fund
Polk Bros. Foundation
Quaker Oats Foundation
S & C Electric Company
Sahara Coal Co., Inc.
Santa Fe Pacific Foundation
Sara Lee Foundation
Dr. Scholl Foundation
Sears, Roebuck &C Co.
United Air Lines Foundation
Waste Management, Inc.
W.P. & H.B. White Foundation
E. W. Zimmerman Products, Inc.

$100 to $4,999

ACCO International Inc.

Akzo Chemicals Inc.

Alexander Building Company

Allied- Signal Foundation, Inc.

Ameritech Foundation, Inc.

Anderson Secretarial Service

ARCO Foundation

Ashland Products Company

AT & T Foundation

Axia, Inc.

Baird Foundation

Banc One Wisconsin Foundation,

Inc.
Banque Paribas
Bell & Howell Foundation
Beslow Associates Inc.
Blum-Kovler Foundation
Helen V. Brach Foundation
Brand Companies Charitable

Foundation
The Brunswick Foundation, Inc.
Leo Burnett Company USA
Central Steel & Wire Co.
The Cherry Corporation
Chevron U.S.A. Inc.
Chicago Bears Football Club Inc.
Chicago Bridge & Iron

Foundation
Chicago Corporation
Chicago Public Schools
The Clinton Company/Artist in

the Park Program
CNA Foundation
Commodity Warehouse Corp.
Consolidated Papers Foundation
Cooper Lighting
Corey Charitable Foundation
CPC International
Patrick and Anna M. Cudahy

Fund
R. R. Donnelley & Sons Co.
Draper & Kramer Incorporated
Dun & Bradstreet Corporation
E-J Industries, Inc.
Elkay Manufacturing Co.
Federal Signal Corporation
Ferrara Pan Candy Co.
The Field Corporation Fund
Firemans Fund Insurance Co.
First Boston Corporation
First National Bank of Evergreen

Park
Florsheim Shoe Co.
Follett Corporation
GATX Corp.

General Binding Corporation
General Motors Co.
George S. May International Co.
Geraldi-Norton Memorial

Corporation
W.W. Grainger, Inc.
Great Northern Nekoosa Corp.
Guarantee Trust Life Insurance
John Hancock Charitable Trust
Harris Bank Foundation
Harza Engineering Company
DC Heath and Company
Helene Curtis Industries Inc.

Walter E. Heller Foundation

Houghton Mifflin Company

Hyatt Regency Chicago

Hyre Electric Co.

Illinois Central Railroad

IMCERA Group

Intermatic, Inc.

Johnson & Higgins of Illinois

Keck Mahin & Cate

James S. Kemper Foundation

Kirkland & Ellis

K Mart Corporation

Lawson Products Inc.

Levy Organization

Liquid Carbonic Corp

Lyphomed, Inc.

Marsh & McLennan, Inc.

Masonite Corp.

The May Stores Foundation, Inc.

Mayer Brown & Piatt

Maytag Corporation Charitable

Foundation
McDonald's Corporation
McGraw Foundation
McKinsey & Company
McMaster-Carr Supply Co.
William M. Mercer- Meidinger-

Hansen, Inc.
Mid-America Foundation
Mid-City National Bank of Chicago
Midas International
Milex Products Inc.
Monsanto Fund
Montgomery Ward Foundation
Morton International
Motorola Foundation
Near North Insurance Agency
John Nuveen & Company
Old Republic International Corp.
On The Scene

P-K Tool & Manufacturing Co.
Packaging Corporation of America
P.C. Brand, Inc.
Peoples Gas Light & Coke Co.
Pittway Corporation Charitable

Foundation
Prudential Foundation
Retirement Research Foundation
Schawk, Inc.

Arthur J. Schmitt Foundation
Searle

Security Pacific Foundation
Shell Companies Foundation, Inc
J.R. Short Milling Company.
Skil Corporation
Sleepeck Printing Company
Smith Barney & Co. Inc.
Square D Foundation
Standard Federal Savings
Stein Roe & Farnham
Stepan Company
John S. Swift Company
Oakleigh L. Thome Foundation
Time, Incorporated
The Travellers Companies

Foundation
United Conveyor Corporation
USG Foundation, Inc.
Vance Publishing Corporation
Vienna Sausage Manufacturing Co.

Public
Entities

The Chicago Park District
Chicago Board of Education
City of Chicago, Office of Fine Arts
Illinois Arts Council
Institute of Museum Services
National Aeronautics and Space

Administration
National Endowment for the Arts
National Endowment tor the

Humanities
National Institutes of Health
National Science Foundation
State of Illinois, Department of

Energy and Natural Resources,

Illinois State Museum

Division

Matching
Gift Program

Corporation and
Foundations

Acco International Inc.

Allied-Signal Foundation, Inc.

Ameritech Foundation, Inc.

Aon Corporation

ARCO Foundation

AT & T Foundation

Baird Foundation

Banc One Wisconsin Foundation,

Inc.
Bankers Trust Company
Helen V. Brach Foundation
The Brunswick Foundation, Inc.
Leo Burnett USA
Centel Corporation
The Chase Manhattan Corporation
Chevron USA, Inc.
The Chicago Community Trust
Chicago Tribune Foundation
Cigna Foundation
Citicorp USA Inc.
CNA Foundation
Continental Bank Foundation
Corning Glass Works Foundation
CPC International, Inc.
Digital Equipment Corporation
RR. Donnelley & Sons Company
Equicor, Inc.
The Field Corporation Fund

Firemans Fund Insurance Co.
Follett Corporation
GATX Corporation
WAX'. Grainger
Great Northern Nekoosa

Corporation
Gult & Western Foundation
John Hancock Charitable Trust
Harris Bank Foundation
Houghton Mifflin Company-
Household International
Illinois Bell

Illinois Tool Works Inc.
IMCER\ Group
International Business Machines

Corporation
Fred S. James & Co. ot Illinois
Kansas Citv Southern Industries,

Inc.
Kemper Educational & Charitable

Foundation
Kemper Financial Services, Inc.
James S. Kemper Foundation
Kirkland & Ellis
K Mart Corporation
Kraft General Foods
Louisville Community Foundation

Depository, Inc.
May Stores Foundation, Inc.
Mayer Brown 6v Piatt
McDonald's Corporation
The McGraw-Hill Foundation
Mobil Foundation, Inc.
Montgomery Ward Foundation
Morton International
RJR Nabisco, Inc.
Nalco Foundation
Northern Illinois Gas
The Northern Trust Company
John Nuveen and Company
Paramount Communications

Foundation
Peoples Gas Light & Coke

Company
Pepsico Foundation
Pfizer Inc.

Philip Morris Incotporated
Pittway Corporation Charitable

Foundation
Quaker Oats Foundation
Retirement Research Foundation
Santa Fe Pacific Foundation
Sara Lee Foundation
Searle

Shearson Lehman Hutton Inc.
Spiegel, Inc.
Square D Foundation
Time. Incorporated
U S West Foundation
United States Fidelity and

Guaranty Co.
USG Foundation, Inc.
Waste Management, Inc.

Planned Giving

Bequests have played an important part in the growth of Field

Museum to its present eminence; they enable the Musuem to

better plan for the future. Today, several other forms of planned

giving are also possible.

Form of bequest: "I give and bequeath $ to the Field

Musuem of Natural History, located in Chicago, Illinois, for its

general purposes. "

Please consider a gift to future generations. To discuss long-
range gift planning, call or write:

MELINDA PRUETT-JONES

Director of Major Gifts and Estate Planning

Field Musuem of Natural History

Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496

(312) 322-8868

The Collections Stand at the

Heart of the Field Museum's

Mission As a Scientific Institution.

i odent discovered by John Flynn , Department of Geology, during recent excavation in the Chilean
I by William Simpson, chief preparator of fossil vertebrates. Background: Magnified view of a fossil
ears old, collected by Lance Grande, Department of Geology, in the Green River area of Wyoming.

Donors
To The

Collections

Department of
Anthropology

Margaret Ackerman

Anonymous

Harry and Norika Bridges

Joan Brown

William Burger

Dorothy M. Cameron

Eddie Deerfield

Eleanor Eldred

Ellen Emberton

Alan Ferg

Douglas W. Greene

Christine Gross

Mr. and Mrs. Ahmad Gurmani

Chui Mei Ho

Susanna Ling Nagata

Larry Olin

Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Romig

Herbert N. Rosen

Mrs. Thomas M. Thomas

Byron Weil

Department of
Botany

Academia de Ciencias de Cuba,

Habana, Cuba
Academy of Sciences or the

U.S.S.R., Moscow
Arizona State University, Tempe
Arnold Arboretum of Harvard

University, Cambridge

Massachusetts
Asociaccion Mexicana de

Orquidenologia, Distrito

Federal
Bernice P. Bishop Museum,

Honolulu, Hawaii
Botanical Institute of the Polish

Academy of Sciences, Krakow
Botanical Museum and

Herbarium, Copenhagen,

Denmark
Botanical Museum, Goteborg,

Sweden
Botanische Staatssammlung,

Miinchen, Germany
British Museum, London, England
Buffalo Museum of Science, New

York
Mary Jane Bumbey
California Academy of Sciences,

San Francisco, California
Carnegie Museum of Natural

History, Pittsburgh,

Pennsylvania
Central State University, Edmond,

Oklahoma
Centre O.R.S.T.O.M., French

Guiana

Centra de Estudios Farmacologicos

y de Principios Naturales,

Buenos Aires.Argentina
Centra de Pesquisas do Cacau,

Itabuna, Brazil
Chicago Botanic Garden, Chicago,

Illinois
Clemson University, South

Carolina
College of Pharmacy, University of

Illinois at Chicago
Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques

de la Ville de Geneve,

Switzerland
Cornell University, Ithaca, New

York
Department of Scientific &

Industrial Research,

Christchurch, New Zealand
Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix,

Arizona
Duke University, Durham, North

Carolina
Gabriel Edwin
Fairchild Tropical Garden, Miami,

Florida
Fairmont State College, West

Virginia
Florida Atlantic University, Boca

Raton, Florida
Gary Herbarium ot Harvard

University, Cambridge,

Massachusetts
Gesamthochschule Duisburg,

Germany
Hattori Botanical Laboratory,

Nichinan-shi, Japan
Herbario Alberto Castellanos, Rio

de Janeiro, Brazil
Herbario Nacional de Costa Rica,

San Jose
Herbario Nacional de Nicaragua,

Managua
Herbarium Australiense, Canberra,

Australia
Hugo de Vries-laboratorium,

Amsterdam, Netherlands
Institut fiir Botanik und

Botanischer Garten der

Universitat, Wien Austria
Institut fiir sustematische Botanik

der Universitat Zurich,

Switzerland
Institute of Systematic Botany,

Utrecht, Netherlands
Instituto Basico de Biologia

Medica e Agricola de

Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e

Estatistica, Distrito Federal
Instituto de Botanica Darwinion,

Buenos Aires, Argentina
Instituto de Botanica, Sao Paulo,

Brazil
Instituto de Botanica del Nordeste,

Corrientes, Argentina
Instituto de Ecologia, Xalapa,

Mexico
Instituto Tecnologico de Ciudad

Victoria, Mexico

Iowa State University, Ames
Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro,

Brazil
Jardin Botanica Las Cruces, Costa

Rica
Jardin Botanico Nacional "Dr.

Rafael M. Moscoso", Santo

Domingo, Dominican

Republic
Maarten Kappelle
Maureen D. Keller
Kochi University, Japan
Laboratoire Plantes Medicinales,

La Paz, Bolivia
Laboratory for Plant Taxonomy

and Plant Geography,

Wageningen, Netherlands
K.M. Leelavathy
David P. Lewis
Louisiana State University, Baton

Rouge
Louisiana Tech University, Ruston
Marie Selby Botanical Gardens,

Sarasota, Florida
Mercer Arboretum & Botanic

Garden, Humble, Texas
Miami University, Oxford, Ohio
Missouri Botanical Garden, St.

Louis
Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois
Museo Argentino de Ciencias

Naturales, Buenos Aires
Museo Botanico, Cordoba,

Argentina
Museo Nacional de Historia

Natural, Santiago, Chile
Museo Nacional de Historia

Natural, Guatemala
Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi,

Belem, Brazil
Museum National d'Histoire

Naturelle, Paris, France
National Museum in Prague,

Czechoslovakia
National Taiwan University,

Taipei
Natural History Museum of Los

Angeles County, California
New York Botanical Garden
New York State Museum, Albany
Harumi Ochi

Ohio State University, Columbus
Organisation Recherche

Scientifique et Technique

d'Outre Mer, Lima, Peru
Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden,

Lawai, Hawaii
Pennsylvania State University,

University Park
Pontificia Universidad Catolica del

Ecuador,
Purdue University, West Lafayette,

Indiana
Dana Richter
Rijksherbarium, Leiden,

Netherlands
Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh,

Scotland
Royal Botanic Gardens, Hamilton,
Ontario, Canada

Fossil
Preparation

The Museum's international

reputation for high-quality

fossil preparation was

enhanced in 1990 with the

successful casting of a 135-

million-year-old fossil bird

discovered in northeastern

China, the oldest known

modern bird. The fossil,

embedded in cross-sections on

either face of a fractured piece

of rock, had defied

conventional means of

preparation. William Simpson,

pictured opposite, used an acid

solution to dissolve the bones,

leaving a natural mold in the

rock. A spray ed-on latex "peel"

of the mold was used to create

another mold in silicone

rubber, from which durable

epoxy casts were made.

Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew,

England
Rutgers University, New

Brunswick, New Jersey
Roger Mark Rutz
Leif Ryvarden
Sam Houston State University,

Hunstville, Texas
San Franciso State University,

California
Jose Schunke
Shaman Pharmaceuticals, San

Carlos, California
Smithsonian Institution,

Washington, D.C.
Smithsonian Tropical Research
Institute, Balboa, Panama
Southern Illinois University,

Carbondale
Southwestern at Memphis,

Tennessee
Stetson University, DeLand,

Florida
Fui Lian Tan
Texas A 8c M University, College

Station, Texas
Tropical Agriculture Research
Station, Mayaguez, Puerto
Rico
Tulane University, New Orleans,

Louisiana
U.S. National Arboretum,

Washington, D.C.
U.S. National Seed Herbarium,

Beltsville, Maryland
Union College, Schenectady, New

York
Universidad Autonoma de
Guadalajara,

MexicoUniversidad Central de
Venezuela, Maracay
Universidad Central de Venezuela,

Caracas
Universidad de Alcala de Henares,
Madrid, Spain

Universidad de Antioquia,

Colombia
Universidad de Los Andes, Merida,

Venezuela
Universidad de Puerto Rico, San

Juan
Universidad de Puerto Rico, Rio

Piedras
Universidad Mayor de San Andres,

La Paz, Bolivia
Universidad Nacional Autonoma

de Mexico
Universidad Nacional Autonoma

de Honduras, Tegucigalpa
Universidad Nacional, Bogota,

Colombia
Universidad Nacional de
Ascuncion, Paraguay
Universidad Nacional de la

Amazonia Peruana, Iquitos
Universidad Nacional Mayor de

San Marcos de Lima, Peru
Universidad Nacional, Valle,

Colombia
Universitet i Bergen, Norway
University of Aarhus, Denmark
University of Alabama, University
University of Alabamba,

Tuscaloosa
University of Alaska Museum,

Fairbanks
University of Alberta, Edmonton,

Canada
University of Arizona, Tucson
University of California, Berkeley
University of California, Davis
University of California, Los

Angeles
University of California, Riverside
University of Connecticut, Storrs
University of Florida, Gainesville,

Florida
University of Helsinki, Finland
University of Iowa, Iowa City
University of Kansas, Lawrence
University of Maryland, College

Park
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
University of Minnesota,

Minneapolis
University of North Carolina,

Chapel Hill
University of North Dakota,

Grand Forks
University of Reading, England
University of Sofia, Bulgaria
University of South Carolina,

Columbia
University of South Florida,

Tampa
University of St. Andrews,

Scotland
University of Tennessee, Knoxville
University of Texas, Austin
University of Tokyo, Japan
University of Toronto, Canada

University of Vermont, Burlington
University of Victoria, Canada
University of Washington, Seattle
University of Wisconsin Center -

Waukesha County
University of Wisconsin, Madison
University of Wisconsin,

Milwaukee
Vanderbilt University, Nashville,

Tennessee
Waimea Arboretum & Botanical

Garden, Haleiwa, Hawaii
Dick Wason
Molly A. Whalen
Tony Young

Department of
Geology

Donald Baird

Black Hills Institute for Geological
Research, Inc, Hill City,
South Dakota
John Bolt
Lee Campbell
Mary Carman
Jennifer Clack

Peter Crane & Andrew Drinnan
Aureal Cross
R. Drachuk
John Flynn
Melhem Freiji
Thomas Funderburk
Allan Graffham
Lance Grande
Thomas Guensburg
Richard Hebdon
Jurgen Henzel
James Hopson
Walter Kiihne
Thomas Lindgren

Michael Moore

Museo Argentino de Ciecias
Naturales, Buenos Aires,
Argentina

Museum of Paleontology,
University of California,
Berkeley, California

Natural History Museum of
Hradec Kralovc,
Czeckoslovakia

Matthew Nitecki

Michael Novacek

Lanny Passaro

Randy Patrick

A. Peterson

Ronald Pine

Joe Pohl

William Rieger

Paul Sereno

Carl Stock

Peter Toepfer

Yakimitsu Tomida

William Turnbull

James Tynsky
Rupert Wild

Michael Woodburne
Peter Wu
Ellis Yochelson

department of
Zoology

RolfL. Aalbu

Academy of Natural Science,

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Peter Ames
Kumio Amoaka
James Ashe
Australian National Insect

Collection, CSIRO, Canberra,
Australia
Margaret Baker
George Barnett
Karl Barrel
Donald Baumgartner
William Bemis
F. Bonet
Stephen Bortone
William Braker
R. Michael Brattain
Barbara Brown
John Cadle
J. Milton Campbell
Christopher Carlton
Ted Cavender

Donald Chandler

Chicago Zoological Society,
Brookfield, Illinois

Dale Clayton

David Cook

Cornell University, Section of
Ecology and Systematics,
Ithaca, New York

Dallas Zoo, Dallas, Texas

Mark Deyrup

Michael Dillon

Robert Drews

Millie Dybas

Patricia Escalante

Harley Falcon

Amanda Fisher

Timothy Gaudin

Julio Gisbert

Daniel Golani

Steven Goodman

Thomas Gnoske

William Gosline

Lance Grande

David Greenfield

Gregory Guliuzza

Robert Hamilton

Harris Educational Loan Center,
Field Museum

Harza Engineering, Chicago,
Illinois

Lawrence Heaney

John Hechtel

Phillip Hershkovitz

ly made of plant products, of unknown African origin, donated to the
my collection by Dr. Christian Puff, University of Vienna. Above right:

lily Chrysomelidae, collected in Costa Rica in 1990 by Ronald Pine, research

and donated to the Museum. Background: A ceremonial stone

New Guinea, collected in 1943 and donated to the Museum by Judge

/as stationed at Nadzab Airfield near Lae, New Guinea, during World War II.

Leslie Hubricht

Rainer Hurterer

Michael Huybensz

Robert Inger

Douglas Johnson

Samuel Johnson

Anita Keller

Douglas Kelt

William Kephart

Julian Kerbis

Timothy King

David Kistner

Peter Kovarik

Michael Kowalski

Carl Krekler

Peter Krimmel

Scott Kuipers

Tamotsu Kusano

Horace Last

MA. Latimer

Lincoln Park Zoological Society.

Chicago, Illinois
Ernest Liner
John Lundberg
Borys Malkin
David Matusik
Dianne Maurer
Peter Meserve
Kenneth Mierzwa
Toni Milewski
Alan Mootnick
Charles Nadler
Shun-Ichiro Naomi
Philippine National Museum.

Manila, Philippines
NMNH, Smithsonian Institution,

Washington, DC
Douglas Nelson
Harry Nelson
Altred Newton, Jr.
North Carolina State Museum,

Raleigh, North Carolina
Roy Norton
Charles O Brien
Lynne Parenti
Ronald Pine
Mitchell Pakosz
Townsend Peterson
Aldo Poiani
Norman Radkte
Michael Redmer
Michael Reed
David Rees
Alan Resetar
Luis Rivera-Cervantes
Manuel Ruedi
Rush Presbyterian St. Lukes

Hospital, Chicago, Illinois
Sacramento Zoo, Sacramento,

California
John Sailor
Thomas Schulenberg
John G. Shedd Aquarium,

Chicago, Illinois
Thomas Simon
James Sipiora
Syliva Solem
William Southern
William Stanley
Steven Stephenson
Douglas Stotz
Mr.& Mrs. William Street

Robert Stuebing
Kevin Swagel
William Szelistowski
William Tan-
Donald Taphorn
Margaret Thayer
James Thomerson
Melvin Traylor
William Turnbull
Universidad Nacional Autonoma,

Mexico City, Mexico
The University of Chicago,

Chicago, Illinois
USSR Academy of Science,

Moscow
Bernard Verdcourt
Kevina Vulinec
John Wagner
Harlan Walley
David Ward
Flovd Werner
Max Wilcomb
David Willard
Louis Williams
Sandra Wilmore
Lawrence Wilson
Kirk Winemiller
Glen Woolfenden
Mrs. Chang Man Yang
Daniel Young
Laura Zaidenberg
R. Zweifel

Field Museum Library

Qamar Ali Abbasi

Mr. and Mrs. Julius Abler

Kraig Adler

Mrs. Ralph A. Bard, Jr.

Marianne Berman

Antonio Berst

Tanisse Bezin

Biological Laboratory, Imperial

Household, Japan
Carolyn Blackmon
Sister Cecilia Bodman
Bolerium Books, San Francisco,

California
John Bolt
Mrs. G. E. Boone
Mrs. Frank Bopp
Willard L. Boyd
Ronald A. Brandon
Bennet Bronson
John Clay Bruner
Michael Bullis
William C. Burger
Juan Jorge Buza
Michele Calhoun
Chicago Historical Society,

Chicago, Illinois
Kuo-hsing Chou
Phil Clark
Dr. Glen H. Cole
Colorado Historical Society,

Denver, Colorado
Consul General of Canada,

Chicago, Illinois
Council ot Planning Libraries ,

Chicago, Illinois

David M. Crawford
Robert E. Dahm
Christine Danziger
Mrs. Leonard S. Davidow
Dayton Art Institute, Dayton,

Ohio
Pamela Hibbs Decoteau
Otto Degener
Michael O. Dillon
Durban Natural Science Museum,

Durban, South Africa
DuSable Museum of African-
American History, Chicago,

Illinois
Michael Duty
A. Jacob Dykstra
William Earle
Luis Sigifredo Espinal T.
Catherine Evamy
Alfredo E. Evangelista
W. Peyton Fawcett
Foundation for Research

Development, Pretoria, South

Africa
The Friends of Field Museum

Library
Warren E. Garst
Ken Grabowski
Eduardo R. J. Guimaraes
Lawrence Heaney
Carol Elaine Hendrickson
Herpetological Society of Japan,

Kawasaki, Japan
Philip Hershkovitz
Glenn C. Hjort
Robert F. Inger
International Cultural Society of

Korea, Seoul, Korea
International Hoya Association,

Central Point, Oregon
Krzysztot Jakubowski
Japan Fisheries Resource

Conservation Association,

Tokyo, Japan
Richard I. and Marrian G. Johnson
Kadoorie Foundation, Hong Kong
John Kethley
Jonathan C. H. King
Janice Klein
Daniel K. Koch
Dr. Guenther Kunkel
Mr. and Mrs. David Landman
Janet La Salle
Elbert L. Little, Jr.
Monica Liu
Llovd Librarv and Museum,

Cincinnati, Ohio
Peter Lowther
Ronald J. Mahoney
Rene Edmond Malaise
Adrian G. Marshall
Charles A. Martijn
Hymen Marx
Eugene Maurey
Merriam Center Library, Chicago,

Illinois
Missouri Botanical Garden Library,

St. Louis, Missouri
Robbin C. Morgan
Morris Arboretum of the

University of Pennsylvania,

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

R. I. G. Morrison

Museo de Entomologia, Medellin.

Colombia
Masayuki Nakamichi
Mathew H. Nitecki
Larry Olin
Edward J. Olsen
Christian d'Orgeix
Victor Raul Pacheco-Torres
Alton J. Parker
Paul J. Patchen
Charles Rand Penney
Dale Pontius
Richard L. Post
Ghillean T. Prance
Jose Ramirez-Pulido
David A. Rasch
John S. Runnells
Marie Serbius
Paul Sereno
Marco A. Serna D.
Joyce Shaw
Louise Sherman
Jack H. Sloan
Djaja D. Soejarto
Michael Spock
John E. Stanton
Kenneth Starr
Llois Srein
Robert G. Stolze
Guy Stresser-Pean
Nikos S. Tenekides
John Terrell
L'niversidad Tecnica Federico

Santa Maria
Edward Valauskas
Leigh M. Van Valen
Theodore W. Van Zelst
James W. VanStone
Gregorv Ylamis
Harold K. Voris
Daniel B. Ward
Rubert L. Wenzel
Benjamin W. Williams
Tadanao Yamamoto
Gary E. Yela

Understanding and Respect
/ For the Diversity

Of Human Cultures

Wonder breaks the tradition of hands-off museum displays, providing a variety of specimens and artifacts for close-up

e antler of a white-tailed deer. Background: four varieties of pine cone. Opposite, right: Nineteenth-century Nkisi

Nkc from the Shilango River area of Zaire. Such figures are used for magical and medicinal purposes.

1 he Field Museum is
preparing a major permanent exhibit on
the natural history and human cultures
of Africa. It already has a major
permanent exhibit on ancient Egypt.

Question: Will this
juxtaposition say to visitors that
Pharaonic Egypt was somehow not an
African civilization? What if anything
should the Africa exhibit say about
Egypt in the 2,000 years since
Cleopatra?

Question: If emphasis is
placed in the new exhibit on the need to
preserve the natural habitats of Africa's
unique animals — the elephants,
giraffes, hippos, apes, etc. — will this
devalue the struggle to develop the
continent's resources for its people?

Question: If the display of
"palace" art from Benin notes that the
Medici collected the work of these
artists, does that imply that "tribal"
ceremonial and decorative artifacts are
not of comparable artistic significance?
Speaking or tribes — which, in fact, the
exhibit will not do — if the exhibit is to

have ethnographic depictions of African
cultures, should they include the "white
tribes" of Kenya, Zimbabwe, and South
Africa along with such communities
as the Zulu, Shona, and Masai?

These are ethical and
political as well as intellectual and
aesthetic questions — there are many
more just as complex — and the
Museum's response to them requires
thoughtfulness and sensitivity. Politics
and ethics are implicated because of
what one scholar calls "the politics of
representation" — there are living
people whose lives and societies will be
affected by the images and ideas about
Africa that the Museum's exhibit
imparts to American popular culture.
Moreover, images of Africa subtly
influence both the self-image of
African-Americans and the ways in
which Americans of other races interact
with them.

Such considerations arise
not only in the context of the Africa
exhibit, but in many areas of Museum
activity. The issue of the propriety of
certain kinds of displays, e.g., of

Pajama
Parties

Museum Overnight

programs have

proved phenomenally

popular with the

public. Since July,

1990 they have been

scheduled almost

monthly by the

Museum's Education

Department. On a

typical Overnight, 250

to 300 persons camp

out in the exhibit

halls. Each evening is

programmed with a

different theme and

participants attend

workshops,

performances, and

other events while

seeing the exhibits in

a different light.

Overnights have been

held for families,

educators, and

community youth

groups.

Putting

Gossamer

on Display

Many of the objects in
the Museum's Pacific
collections are made
of materials as fine as
spider web and
beetles' wings. They
were not made to last,
yet some have been in
the Museum 80 years
or more. Before such
objects could be
displayed in the
"Pacific Spirits"
exhibit, the staff of the
Division of
Conservation had to
ensure that they
would survive the
exposure — a
complex task
requiring object-by-
object treatment.
Some objects
incorporating plant
materials were
stabilized with
methylcellulose, and a
large broken leaf was
repaired with
Japanese tissue and
wheat starch paste;
both substances can
later be removed if
necessary. Even the
lighting in the exhibit
was set to protect the
artifacts.

religious items not meant to be seen by
non-initiates, comes up from time to
time. The policy that guides the

Museum in these matters is one
of cultural understanding
and mutual respect — a
respect for the internal validity of
every human culture; the idea that,
while uniquely the product of a certain
kind of Western culture, the Museum
should be a bridge between the West
and others; a sense of the Museum's
responsibility to those whose cultures are
respresented in its collections and
exhibits, as well as to the diverse people
of its home community.

In putting together the
Museum's permanent exhibit on the
Pacific, for example, the developer,
Phyllis Rabineau, consulted with the
directors of the national museums in
Tahiti, Papua New Guinea, the
Marshall Islands, and Vanuatu. Among
other things, these discussions helped
the developers avoid giving the
impression that Pacific cultures are
frozen in time, despite the fact that the

Museum's collections largely represent
the first two decades of this century.

The director of the Alele
Museum in the Marshalls urged
Rabineau to use a contemporary
working outrigger canoe in the exhibit,
with all the additions and modern
materials that contemporary Marshallese
have substituted for "traditional" design
and construction; the resulting display,
says Rabineau, "has an integrity that a
reconstruction or a restored 19th-
century piece would not have."
Marshallese also created all the roof-
thatching used in the exhibit.

Exhibition of human
remains is another extremely delicate
subject, and here too Rabineau's
consultations proved valuable. The
director of the National Museum of
Papua New Guinea advised that it
would be inappropriate to display the
skulls — trophies of headhunting —
that would normally have been in the
windows of a Iatmul men's house such
as was planned for the exhibit. On the
other hand, the director of the Vanuatu
Cultural Center saw no problem with

Above: A Maori treasure box, origin unknown, used for safekeeping of valued heirlooms.
Background: Photograph of an Alaskan Athapaskan boy wearing a shell necklace. Right: A Cheyenne toy —

a doll in a papoose board, collected in Montana by S.G. Simms in 1907.

the display of a rambaramp — a
memorial figure that incorporates the
skull of a respected member of the
community — so long as it was placed
high enough that no woman could look
down on it. (In "Pacific Spirits," the
rambaramp stands so tall that all visitors
of both sexes must look up to it.)

Jonathan Haas, the
Museum's vice president for collections
and research, has been consulting with
Native American groups lor what he says
is "a first start in reorganizing the Native
American exhibits and a first start on a
new dialogue with Native American
peoples." Representatives of the Hopi,
Blackfeet, Blood, and Iroquois have
been to the Museum recently to review
materials related to their communities
"and give us counsel on the appropri-
ateness of the exhibits and the treatment
of the collections," says Haas, who along
with President Willard L. Boyd was very
much involved in the discussions among
museum professionals, Native American
leaders, and members of Congress that
led in 1990 to passage of the Native
American Graves Protection and

Repatriation Act. (All human remains
have been taken off exhibit in the Native
American halls.)

The sensibilities of Native
Americans and of women visitors to the
Museum were at issue in the case of the
"Sacrifice to Morning Star" segment of
the Pawnee exhibit. A diorama shows a
human sacrifice, specified as requiring a
female victim kidnaped from a
neighboring tribe. A visitor from Ohio,
Ann Throckmorton, was appalled by
what she felt was a racist and sexist
portrayal of violence against women,
and wrote a letter to that effect
demanding that the diorama be
removed. Michael Spock, vice president
for public programs, decided to display

Ms. Throckmorton's letter and to solicit

News

Around

the World

News of the Field

Museum is reaching

diverse audiences

around the world.

Through the Public

Relations

Department, nearly

7,000 print and

broadcast media

stories were

generated in more

than 7 7 7 foreign

countries plus 26

states and WO cities

in the United States in

1989 and 1990.

Highlights were major

stories in The New

York Times, Town

and Country, CNN,

Japan television, and

the Canadian

Broadcast Company.

comments from other visitors. Some
4,500 visitors replied, most to the
effect that "You can't rewrite
history" or that depictions of differing
cultural norms were the essence of
anthropological exhibits in museums.
The Pawnee Tribal Council, for its part,

Ford City

The Museum's first

satellite store opened

in November, 1990 in

the lower-level arcade

of the Ford City

shopping mall south

of Midway Airport.

The 2,200-square-foot

store offers books,

toys, clothing, jewelry,

and art from many

cultures and programs

a variety of

educational and

cultural events

throughout the year.

Ford City is Chicago's

largest mall and

serves the most

diverse clientele.

said that "though we are not proud of
it, it is our history and should stay on
view." As a result of the controversy,
however, several errors were corrected
— the sacrifice should have been facing
east, not west; women as well as men
participated in the ceremony, etc. It was
also apparent that the exhibit labels
were inadequate, and these were
expanded to give greater context for the
ceremony.

Temporary exhibits and the
Museum's education department also
emphasize cultural understanding and
respect, from weekend musical offerings
to the long-term Outreach Program
that takes museum-based cross-cultural
programming to eight AfricanAmerican,
Hispanic, and Asian Chicago neighbor-
hoods where surveys indicate few
people ever attend museums. The
annual Neighbors Night brings thou-
sands of residents of these neighbor-
hoods to the Museum, where they can
sample not only the "fun" parts of each
other's cultures — music, food, dance,

etc. — but the wider and deeper
perspectives on the world that the
Museum's collections and exhibits offer.
For both school and family groups, the
education department also produces
annual festivals celebrating Hispanic-
American and African-American
heritages.

For more than two decades,
the education department and the
Chicago Public Schools' office for gifted
students have conducted the Field
Museum Honors Science Program, a
museology course for high-school
students that has always enrolled
students from varied ethnic back-
grounds. In 1990, for the first time, the
department began a similar course lor
gifted junior-high students who have
not yet mastered English; these students
have prepared an exhibit on Mexican
and Mexican-American Day of the
Dead observances that will be mounted
in the Webber Resource Center in the
fall of 1991.

Adinkra cloth is a traditional art among the Ashanti of Ghana, worn for mourning. Stamped designs include,
at left, a symbol of faithfulness, and, in the background, a symbol of fthe power of God.

1 he new exhibit on Africa
will include material on the African
diaspora in the Americas, making direct
the link — via the slave trade —
between Chicago's largest ethnic
community and the social and political
history of Africa.

Early on, the Africa Project
staff held a series of community forums
to discover what people wanted or
needed to know and to discover
community resources that might feed
into the project. One of the reasons for
choosing to do an exhibit on Africa
rather than on, say, Asia or Latin
America, according to Michael Spock,
was the importance of the black
community in Chicago and the fact
that, other than school groups, the
Museum drew relatively few black
visitors. By creating an innovative
exhibit through an innovative process,
the Museum could speak to that
community through its collections, and
the black community could speak to the
larger society through the Museum.

The project staff has
developed cooperative relationships with
Chicago's DuSable Museum of African-
American History and with two
museums in Africa. Africable, a
13-week cable-television
phone-in program produced
by the project team,
introduced Chicagoans to
African nationals and emigres living
in the area.

Thirty fifth-graders of all
races from city and suburban schools
were enlisted in 1 988 in a five-year
museology program, "Learning About
People and Museums"; they have
produced a mini-exhibit on common
misconceptions about Africa and, with
their questions and responses, have
helped the project staff to refine exhibit
concepts. The students, as tenth-graders,
will become docents when the exhibit
opens in 1993. They have learned a
good bit about Africa, a great deal about
life and work in a great museum, and
most of all about each other. "Cultural
understanding and mutual respect" has
become part of their culture.***

Dance shields from

Akikuyu Province of

Kenya

Volunteers in Field Museum

Science and Education:

Four Hundred Very Bright Points of Light

Inset above: Hernandez's helmeted iguana (Corytophanes hernandesii) is native to the Atlantic foothills and lowlands from central
Veracruz, Mexico southward through Guatemala. Background: the snowy owl's white plumage offers camouflage against predators in

its wintry northern habitats. Both creatures will be on display in "Into the Wild."

JN early 400 volunteers
devote time regularly to the Museum,
working as unpaid part-time staff. Each
year, they contribute the equivalent of
22 full-time positions which, if salaried,
would cost more than $500,000.

Volunteers perform critical
services throughout the Museum, but
perhaps none have done work so
difficult, or so rewarding, as those who
staffed the traveling exhibit "Remember
the Children" in the winter and spring
of 1990. The exhibit examined the
horrors of the Nazi extermination camps
through the eyes of the 1.5 million
children — Jewish, Gypsy, retarded, or
physically handicapped — who were
murdered in them from 1933 to 1945.

Half the 50 volunteers
who served as exhibit guides were
"Eyewitnesses," people who had
survived the camps or were children of
survivors or members of the liberating
armies. These volunteers were able to sit
down with visitors, especially children,
and bring to life an almost incompre-
hensibly vile period of history.

Other volunteers were
trained to move through the exhibit,
answer questions from children and
adults, deal with sensitive issues and
situations, and help children assimilate
the experience, trying to show how even
simple schoolyard bullying and
stereotyping can contribute to institu-
tionalized discrimination and violence.

Design and
Production

Barbara Beardsley
Joseph Byrnes
Michelle Corrazzo
Susan Dalipagic
Sandra Erjavac
Naomi Pruchnik
Linda Schubert
Gus Sisto
Terri Smolin
Selene Wacker

Anthropology

Dee Aiani
Patinya Ambuel
Carole Anderson
Dodie Baumgarten
Garland Brown
Sol Century
Birdie Chang
Elizabeth Cheetham
Peter Coey
James Coplan
Ralph Cowan
Connie Crane
Jeannette DeLaney
Elizabeth Dinsmore
Patricia Dodson
Molly Donovan
Paul DuBrow
Jack Ewing
Andrew Fahlund
Josie Faulk
Mitzi Fine
Lisa Flanagan
Kirk Frye
Vesna Garber
Madeleine Garceau
Peter Gayford

Ann Gerber
Margaret Farwell Goes
Leah Goldberg
Robert Gowland
Deborah Green
Lisa Heidel
Noreen Jolley
Rebecca Kam merer
Lisa Labinger
Stephanie Lako
Cecile Leroux
Jane Levin
Betty Lewis
Valerie Lewis
Kathy Lutarewych
Jack MacDonald
Theresa McGill
Andrew MacLeod
Sam Mayo
Withrow Meeker
Carolyn Moore
George Morse
Mary Nelson
Louise Neuert
Herta Newton
Irmgard Nirschl-Rauch
Laura Nunez
Susan Parker

Paula Phillips
Dorothea Phipps-Cruz
Julie Pitzen
Marina Post
Michael Popowits
Carla Reiter
Robin Rinehart
Marea Sands
Lisa Shogren
Llois Stein
Margo Thayer
Ika Tomaschewsky
Julius Wagman
David Walton
Theresa Williams
Wang-Fai Wong
Ed Yastrow

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Full text of "Field Museum of Natural History ... biennial report"

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