■
\
c^^W^yjr -y/r/,/(S^
y/ztiir r.jt/i/ y/ '/>.«/</<■ r/i*a
/
\
J2- ?
• - • •
» > • • » •
••••• • •
FIFTEEN YEARS'
RESIDENCE WITH THE
MORMONS.
WITH
Startling1 Disclosures
OF THE
JFlysteries of Polygamy
BY A SISTER OF ONE OF THE
HIGH PRIESTS.
< I IIC AGO,
IIKKNIX PUI'.! IMIING COMPANY,
1876.
Sh
W&i&Y M37.ZZ 2TEFHE^
PREFACE
Thb human inind is peculiarly open to the approach of reli-
gious delusion. Man is naturally religious, but prone perhaps
to mix with the pure gospels of a pure system, something of a
grosser sort, and is inclined to bring the latter down, and to
square it with his own poor humanity, when unable to raise
himself to the level of an exalted faith. Hence we find the suc-
cess of these pretenders to new revelations, to be due less to
the merit of what they teach, than to the weakness of their
victims.
No delusion of this character has for many centuries met
with half the success, or achieved a position so threatening and
formidable as has the Mormonism of our own day. And no
Prophet among the class to which we refer, has entertained the
ambitious and aggressive views of Brigham Young, since the
advent of Mahomet, whose armed followers overran the fairest
portions of the East with the irresistible argument of the " Koran
or the sword." And it is perhaps not without reason that the
public mind has been suddenly moved to inquire whether the
known aims of the successor of Joseph Smith may not point to
a similar destiny for this continent. For it is with some coucern
that we are reminded that in the early years of the hegira, the
power and the pretensions of the Prophet of Medina, were much
Jess in fact, than are those of the aspirant to divine honors at
Salt Lake to-day.
And while there can be but little doubt as to the result of a
conflict, should it come to that, as between the people of the
(Jnited States and the Saints in Utah, with all the advantages
olaimed for the latter, from their isolated position, unity of pur-
pose and action, known enterprise, and other admitted elements
510191
-nil Fbeface.
tion to retrograde in morals, or in Christian propriety, or to
throw away what civilization had already gained for us. But
the Mormon practice of polygamy, is a retrograde, and hence if
our Constitution does not afford a remedy against these evils,
and if, from its flexibility, it does not verify the fair promise of
its early days, the friends of free institutions may well entertain
apprehensions for the future of this country.
But when we look the difficulty fearlessly in the face, the
Gordian knot is at once unloosed, for we have in Utah a verifi-
cation of the truth, that there is in the affairs of men, a certain
tendency to a compensation in favor of the right, and against the
wrong-doer, which cannot be defeated. Hence, admitting for
the sake of the argument, that under our liberal system of
Government, the practice of polygamy, is among the topics
of mere local interest, and subject to the unquestioned decision
of the state and local legislature, yet the crimes and scandals,
that always must, and as it appears have followed in Utah the
violation of those wholesome limitations by which the Christian
marriage have been surrounded by a Wise Hand, are not exempt
from the interference of the law officers of the General Govern-
ment. But such interference will annihilate both Mormonism
and polygamy, since it will hang all the leaders of any note con-
cerned in these outrages. And thus we find this question easy
of solution, requiring only a firm purpose, and an unrelenting
application of justice, on the part of the administrators of pub-
lic affairs, in carrying out, in a legal manner, acknowledged
principles of jurisprudence.
But space will not admit of a full discussion of this important
subject here. Trusting these pages may in some measure con-
tribute to a timely and efficient adjustment of the Mormon dif-
ficulties, they are now submitted to that umpirage to which an
American is always proud to appeal, when questions of great
and national interest are under discussion — to the American
people.
N. W. GfiEKN.
INTRODU CTION,
About the first of March last, the writer of this Narrative
was first introduced to the subject of it, by a mutual friend ;
and listened with astonishment to her extraordinary story.
Subsequently much time was spent in weighing, sifting and com-
paring her statements.
Convinced by this investigation of its entire truthfulness,
and recognizing the claim she had upon the public ear, and the
claim to be heard in this behalf by the thousands of her sex
still in Mormon land, the following pages have been written,
and are now offered without apology ; albeit but little time has
been taken to prepare for the press.
The appearance and general state of mind of Mrs. Smith, at
this time, was very peculiar : and not without interest as afford*
ing evidence of her good faith. At times timid as the antelope
of the mountains among which she has suffered so much, and
but partially freed from the thraldom of her Mormon habits of
life, she stood braced against all " Gentile " approach, and al-
though she had in theory abandoned her Mormon faith, she had
adopted no other in its place. The dread of falling into some
new error, rendered her almost inaccessible to truth.
On one occasion, when the Mormon belief in a plurality of gods
was under discussion, the fact was stated, that there was but one
God over all the universe ; she replied with unfeigned wonder,
as if the idea was altogether new to her :
" What ? Do you believe there is but one God ?"
In giving to the world the following narrative, the author
fully appreciates the importance of the fact, that its success, and
the benefit he deems he has a right to expect may accrue from
it to suffering humanity in Utah, will be greatly dependent
upon the credence extended to it by the public.
The first questions the honest reader has a right to ask, are
these : Is it true ? Are these disclosures and revelations made
in good faith ? Are they really the actual experiences of a
woman yet under twenty-nine years of age ? A woman edu-
cated from childhood in the Mormon faith ; familiar with all its
details ? One who has been a victim to its cruel hardships, and
to its practical workings? Has she disclosed to the world wlmt
K. INTRODUCTION.
she has actually seen, and felt, and suffered ; and nothing more ?
[s it true, that she has been held a prisoner, in common with
many others of her sex, for years in Utah, and that by a sin-
gular good fortune, when hope had nearly gone out within her,
she effected an escape ? And is it true, that to-day she exists
as an actuality, courting investigation, and fearing nothing but
Mormon intrigue and Mormon assassination?
There is in simple truth an agreement and consistency, upon
which the mind intuitively fastens, and upon which it bases its
convictions never found in the creations of the imagination. It
is with confidence, therefore, that we refer to the internal evi-
dence which this narrative itself affords of its own truth.
The circumstance that real names are given throughout the
book, of persons who are still living and who will be likely to
make themselves heard, if they have been misrepresented,
should furnish another argument in favor of its reliability.
Nothing in the following pages has been written with the
design of feeding a morbid curiosity ; and whatever has been
admitted of fact or form of expression, which possibly may
have that effect, has been from necessity, and as growing
out of the nature of the subject, and not from any want of
respect for that delicate and even fastidious public taste which
has ever characterized the people of this country. An earnest
desire to subserve the public good, as regards the exposure of
these enormities, has been the governing consideration. In fact,
many things have been omitted, from a wish to avoid offence
in this particular.
We give, in addition, an extract from an affidavit forwarded
to the Government at Washington in answer to a communica-
tion from the State Department relating to affairs in Utah, as
further evidence of good faith on the part of Mrs. Smith :
(Copy.)
Affidavit of Mrs. Mary Ettie V. Smith, relating to certain
matters in the Territory of Utah.
" State of New York, )
Livingston County. J *
" Mary Ettie Y. Smith, late of Great Salt Lake city, in the
territory of Utah; and now of Stuben county, in the State of
Introduction. xi
New York, being duly sworn deposes and says : That she has
been a resident of said Territory for about five years ; and has
been a member of the commnnity of Mormons for fifteen
years : That she is at present twenty eight years of age ; that
she was a believer in good faith in Mormonism, nntil she dis-
covered, after going to Utah, the principal business of the Prophet
Brigham Young, and the other heads of the Mormon Church
to be the commission of crimes of the most atrocious character ;
among which may be included robbery, murder, and treason to
the General Government, and a large number of lesser crimes :
and that she was held a prisoner there for a long time, against
her wish and consent, after she had expressed a desire to re-
turn to the U. S. ; and that a large number of persons, particu-
larly women, have been, and are, as she verily believes, so held
and restrained, and debarred of the exercise of their personal
liberty ; and that many of these persons, were they to be assured
of the protection of the Government, could and would give
such evidence before a legal tribunal, as would, if such tribunal
were una wed, and uncontrolled by the Mormons or their influ-
ence, lead to the conviction of Brigham Young, and many, and
probably most of the heads of the Church, of such crimes as
are punishable by death.
" And this deponent further says that as an illustration of the
above, she will state, that in the year 1853, she was present
when Brigham Young, General Wells, and John and Wiley
Norton, discussed and adopted a plan for the murder of Wal-
lace Alonzo Clarke Bowman, an American citizen, at the time
engaged in the Mexican trade, and in the quiet and legal pur-
suit of his lawful business : and that said Bowman was so
murdered by direction of said Rrigham Young; and after
the manner determined upon as aforesaid. That she saw and
recognized his body after his death ; and that she cut a lock of
said Bowman's hair after his death, and gave the same to Dr
Hurt, at the time Indian agent of the Territory.
" That John Norton and James Furguson, now believed to be
living at Salt Lake, told this deponent in the presence of vari-
ous other persons, to wit : Jane Furguson, (wife No. 2 of said
Furguson) and others, that they, the said Norton and Furguson
shot the said Bowman, in Salt Creek canon : that a large
xii Introduction.
amount of property was taken from said Bowman, by the said
Mormons : and that at this time, said Brigham Young, rvas gov-
ernor of the said Territory of Utah.
" That the facts above stated, with reference to the imprison-
ment, robbery and final murder of said Bowman, can be proved
by a large number of reliable witnesses now in Utah ; and one
besides herself now in the state of New York. That the account
given of the same in her Narrative, now about to be published,
is substantially true : and that among many others, the follow-
ing persons would swear to these facts, if properly approached,
and well assured of protection against the assassination of the
" Danites," to wit : : and the two
wives of and the mother of ;
( ) and , wife of ;
wife No. 2 of ; , and his
wife, ; and others ; all living at Great Salt Lake
City.
" This Deponent further says, that she was present at another
time, in the year 1851 ; when the said Brigham Young, gover-
nor of the Territory of Utah, ' counseled,' and directed the
robbery of a Dr. Roberts ; and that afterwards she was pre-
sent, when the said Dr. Eoberts was robbed, at night, on the
public highway, in pursuance of the said instructions of the
said Prophet and Gov. Young; that said robbery was com-
mitted by Captain James Brown, now living at Ogden city, in
said Territory, and Hiram Olauson, of Great Salt Lake city;
and in presence of Ellen, the wife of said Olauson, and in pres
ence of this deponent ; and that she has good reason to fear the
said Roberts was afterward murdered by said Brown and Olau-
son : that she can furnish proof of many similar crimes ; an ac-
count of which she deems it unnecessary to give in detail at
this time ; and further this deponent saith not."
(Signed)
Maey Ettie V. Smith.
Subscribed and sworn this 21st day of Augast, 1867, befoie
me.
Charles R. Kern,
Justice of the Peace.
COM TENTS
CHAPTER I Pwc
My Birth and Parentage, .
CHAPTER II.
, 28
A Storm Gathering,
CHAPTER III.
33
Death of the Prophet,
CHAPTER IV.
. . • 41
Endowments, .•••••
CHAPTER V.
The Exodus, .
CHAPTER VL
A Night with the Dead and the Wolves, . . • < •
CHAPTER VII.
Seeking my Mother, r '
*iv Contents.
CHAPTER VIII.
Page
Among the Gentiles. .... • • 88
CHAPTER IX.
More Wives, 89
CHAPTER X.
Reconciled — Finding my Mother, . . . . • .100
CHAPTER XL
The Family Broken Up, .114
CHAPTER XII.
The Parting— Crossing the Tankio, 5 123
CHAPTER XIII.
Offer of Marriage — Setting out for " Zion,w • . . 131
CHAPTER XIV.
Great Salt Lake City, Utah, . ... 146
CHAPTER XV.
Church Polity, 160
CHAPTER XVI.
Reuben P. Smith's Arrival — Narrow Escape from becoming a
" Spiritual," 107
CHAPTER XVII.
"Sealed" to the Butcher for Eternity— A Fearful Discovery, . 180
COHTKNTB. XV
CHAPTER XVIII.
Pagt
The Escape, 193
CHAPTER XIX.
My Father's Friend— Dr. Roberts, 198
CHAPTER XX.
Preparing to Entrap an Old Man, ...... 209
CHAPTER XXI.
Robbery and Probable Murder of Dr. Roberta, . . .221
CHAPTER XXII.
Sealed for Time, 284
CHAPTER XXIII.
Intrigues of Brigharn Young, . . . . • • .241
CHAPTER XXIV.
The Story of Wallace Alonzo Clark Bowman, .... 252
CHAPTER XXV.
Fate of Bowman, . ... .264
CHAPTER XXVL
Mormon Jesuitism, » . 278
CHAPTER XXVII.
The Story of William Mac, ... . 280
xvi Contents.
CHAPTER XXVIII.
Page
Milking a Gentile, 293
CHAPTER XXIX,
Punishment of Heresy, ........ S08
CHAPTER XXX.
Tooille, ' . ... 820
CHAPTER XXXI.
The Flight and Recapture 332
CHAPTER XXXn.
Hera, 843
CHAPTER XXXIII.
Ooing to the Land of my Birth, • , . • 851
CHAPTER XXXIV.
Crossing the Webber — Perils by the Way, . , • 860
CHAPTER XXXV.
Crossing the Plains, 370
CHAPTER XXXVL
Conclusion, ' . . S8S
CHAPTER XXXVII.
Continuation of the Narrative, 389
CHAPTER XXXVITL
Rise, Progress, and Present Condition of Mormonism, . , 409
FIFTEEN YEARS AMONG THE MORMONS
CHAPTER I.
MY BIRTH AND PARENTAGE.
Mr father, Silas Coray, was one of the four sons of John
and Phebe Coray of Providence township, Luzern county,
Pennsylvania. My grandfather, John Coray, was accidentally
shot by one of his neighbors, and a few years after, my grand
mother married James Abbott, and moved to Allegany
county, New York, near Arkport. It was but a short time
after this event that my father married Mary Stephens, the
daughter of Uriah Stephens, a revolutionary pensioner, and one
of the six original proprietors of the township of Canisteo,
now a part of Steuben county. My parents lived here until after
the birth of their first two children, and then moved to Penn-
inia, to occupy the farm my grandfather had left them ;
i.ut soon returned to New York. His three brothers, John,*
David, and Ira, occupied in common the balance of my
grandfather's land in Pennsylvania, and by their solicitation,
• One of these brothers, my uncle John, is now livii.g with a
numerous and respectable family in the town of Burns, Allegany
17
18 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
! '.my father, about this time, purchased the whole property of
them, and moved his family onto the old homestead ; where
had he lived contentedly, he woild have saved his family
from being scattered, and falling victims to a most fatal and
cruel delusion. It was at this place, Providence, Luzern
county, Pennsylvania, I was born, January 31, 1829.
My father at this time owned over seven hundred acres
of coal land, which has since proved to be very valua
ble.
When I was ten years of age he sold this fine property
and removed with his family to Perry, Pike county, Illinois ;
where he bought a large tract of land, and soon after, while
in the height of his various objects of enterprise, was killed
accidentally while drawing a log to a saw-mill ; leaving his
business in a very unsettled condition, and my mother with
nine children then living, two of whom were younger than
myself, named as follows : Aurilla, Sarah Ann, Phebe,
Howard, George, William, Mary Ettie V., Uriah, and Harriet
Elizabeth.
At the death of my father, began that terrible series of
misfortunes, a history of which will form the subject-matter
of the following pages My father's death occurred in Janu-
ary, 1841.
county, New York. Many members of my mother's family, tne
Stephens, are yet living in Canisteo, and other parts of Steuben
county, New York ; and I have many cousins in Pennsylvania, now
living. Col. John R. Stephens, my mother's brother, lives upon
his estate near Hornellsville, New York ; and is well known in that
section of the country.
My Berth and Parentage. 19
About this time a Mormon Elder, who had been holding
meetings in this neighborhood, called upon my mother, and
among other things, told her that the Latter Day Saints
claimed to be able to heal the sick, and that if she would
consent to be baptized, the deafness with which she was
afflicted, and which had become a great annoyance to her,
would in a very short time be removed ; and she would hear
again.
Willing at least to try the experiment, she was baptized.
The water was very cold, and immediately after her hearing
was improved, and soon, it was entirely restored. I feel it my
duty to do my mother the justice of stating this very
remarkable circumstance, which was the real foundation of
her conversion to Mormonism, and of her implicit faith in
Joseph Smith, as a PropheJ of God ; a faith that was never
shaken until, years after, she found herself shut up in Utah, a
prisoner, and an unwilling witness of abominations which
in the States had been disguised.
My mother, who is still living, now understands, that per-
haps this apparent miracle, was the effect of cold water, or
of some other natural though unexplained cause; but at
that time, it had with her all the force of a real miracle. It
was the voice of God through His Prophet, which she dare
not disregard ; and accordingly she removed at once to
Nauvoo, where the Mormons had just laid the foundation for
the Temple, taking seven of her children ; two of my sisters,
having husbands, did not accompany her.
Her entire property, and all papers relating to my father's
business, were placed in the hands of Stephen Abbott, a half-
20 Fifteen Teaks among the Mormons.
brother of my father who had beeD previously converted to
Mormonisin.
This was the last trace, or account, or benefit my mother,
or any one of our family, ever received of this valuable pro-
perty, except a small amount of our personal effects, taken
with us at the time, which probably went into the hands of
Joseph Smith, and was absorbed in the common stock. It
was probably a part of the large sum afterwards expended
upon the Temple at Nauvoo.
It may appear strange, that my mother so readily gave up
her property into the hands of her new friends ; but we have
already seen that they had, by a pretended miracle, restored
her to hearing ; and thus, in a double sense, they had ol fcained
a "hearing," and she readily received as infallible, the doc-
trine of the " immediate second coming of Christ ;" and
hence, it looked reasonable to her, when they said she
would no longer need her property. She had, however, been
at Nauvoo but a few months, before she saw the absurdity
of this summary disposal of her worldly goods, and returned
to Pike county to look after it ; but found it sold and occu-
pied by strangers, and out of her reach. She returned to
Nauvoo, to make the best of her new religion.
I recollect that I was baptized into the new faith, as
were all my brothers and sisters, except my two married sis-
ters, who did not accompany us, and Howard, my second
brother, who was a ready penman, soon became a great favo-
rite with Joseph Smith, the Prophet ; with whom he spent
most of his time as his clerk, and so continued until his
death, and afterwards wrote for Brigham Young, and is thus
My Birth and Parentage. 21
employed now for the latter, at Great Salt Lake City
Howard is the author of an history of the Smith family,
unfinished at the death of the Prophet, but since published
I had been baptized by the direction of Joseph Smith, at
eleven years of age ; and my mother left me temporarily with
my brother Howard, through whom all our family were con-
trolled by the Prophet. It was by the advice of the latter that
Howard had been married to Martha Jane Knowlton. Some
of our neighbors, about this time, began to say that I was old
enough to be married. I was but thirteen years of age, and
this greatly frightened me, as I verily believed there would be
no escape from the will of the Prophet, if he should direct me
to marry — a thing not unlikely to happen, for he was in the
habit of doing thus with others, when he found they were
at the age of puberty ; and to refuse would be at the sacri-
fice of my own salvation, unless I could afterwards obtain his
pardon.
Every effort was made by the Mormons, apparently with-
out the knowledge of the Prophet, to induce my brother to
effect a marriage for me, by the offer to him of various pre-
sents and other inducements tendered by those who wished to
marry me. But he paid but little attention to them, as he
had hoped to win higher honors through my marriage. He
bad conceived the idea of marrying me to one of the Twelve
les, as soon as I was old enough to be a mother.
I believed in Mormonism, for I knew no other religion, but
I preferred not to marry an old man, buC chose to have a
husband of my own age, and of my own choice, if I must
li iv one. The Prophet, Smith, had not yet " counselled *
22 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
me to get married, and I concluded, if an opportunity offered
I should surely take the advantage of " Brother Joseph," and
run the risk of being forgiven by him.
My sister Sarah had married a Mr. Griffin, and was then
living at Nauvoo, both herself and husband having been con-
verted to Mormonism by the apparent miracle of the cure
of my mother's deafness.
My sister, who knew what efforts had been made to effect
my marriage, became uneasy, and sent for me to come to
her house; and I accordingly went, and told her how
matters stood ; and, among other things, a brother Gully
had strongly pressed his matrimonial claims upon my atten-
tion. I cried that night till I was quite sick.
My sister told me, if I would not betray her to the Church,
she would undertake to find a husband for me, suitable to
my age, when I was old enough ; but that I was too young
now, and that no man should have me for a wife yet, if she
could prevent it ; that I must go down and ask Howard if I
could come and stay at her house until her husband returned,
who was at the time absent in Iowa with his brother Henry
The latter, who now lives at Scran ton, Pennsylvania, knew
and must recollect most of the facts I am now relating
To this Howard consented after some delay, and raising
various objections ; and much elated at my success in escaping
for the time the annoyance of old men looking for young wives,
I went to her house, where I remained for several weeks.
One day my sister said to me, " Nettie, quite an interesting
young fellow has been boarding w'th us, and if you were
two or three vears older, you should marry him." I repliod,
My Birth and Parentage. 23
that perhaps I could not get him. " Is he old enough to be
my grandfather ?" " No, he is not over twenty-four years of
age, and is good looking."
I said, " Sarah, when he comes, if he suits me, or comes
near to it, I shall try to make him marry me, for fear I shall
be * counselled ' by Joseph to marry some man who has a
wife already, for I can never consent to have a husband in
partnership."*
" Nettie," said Sarah, " if this Mormonism is true, we shall
be very sorry if we say much against it ; but still I must
acknowledge that such a doctrine, if practised much, will
cause the women a great deal of sorrow, and add nothing to
the happiness of the men."
" I am sure," said I, " they will not enjoy their spirituals
over much if they are all like me ; I will not tolerate it."
My cousin Emily came in just then, and said, "Nettie,
what is the matter ? but first come and see my beau ;" and
going to the window, we saw an old grey-headed man hob-
bling along — one of the young girl hunters. My cousin was
about my own age. She told me her mother wished her to
marry Mr. Brown,f her mother's husband, who was a very
wealthy old gentleman. When I asked her if she intended
to do so, she replied she would not if she could help it, and
* Even at this early day, it wag understood among us, that spirit-
ual wifeism was practised by the Heads of the Church in secret
elthough it was stoutly denied when questioned by the Gentiles.
t This is the celebrated Captain James Brown, afterwards referred
to in this narrative, who was concerned in the robbery and probable
murder of Dr. Roberts, near Ogden CJity, Utah.
24: Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
asked me to go into the other room : and we had but just
seated ourselves, to talk over our mutual troubles, when some
one knocked at the front door, for whom my sister opened
it, and *said, " Good evening, Wallace," and some one re-
plied, " Good evening ; I heard Nettie, as you call her, was
here." Sarah told him I was in the other room.
When I heard his voice I was very much excited, noticing
which, Emily said, " Nettie, what is the matter f" This was
heard by Wallace, whereupon he came into the room, accom-
panied by my sister, and without an introduction, said, " Net-
tie, I am sorry you are not well ; I anticipated having a fine
talk with you this evening. I have heard the old men talk
ing so much about you and Emily, that I have come to the
conclusion you are worth looking after."
" That old man, Brown," said Emily, " is not satisfied with
having my mother, but is determined to add me to the num-
ber of his wives, which I am bent upon preventing if possible."
and she left the room apparently very much excited.
The case of my cousin, and that of many others which
daily came under my observation, made a deep impression
upon me, and had probably no small influence upon the step
1 was about to take.
Wallace Henderson, with whom I was now left alone m
my sister's parlor, was five feet ten inches high, had dark
brown hair, large black eyes, a high forehead, and dark red
whiskers, and a verv agreeable address, and on this occasion
exerted himself to interest me. He was unon the whole a
fine looking boy.
He talked to me of Mormonism, saying it was true ' that
My Birth and Parentage. 25
tue spiritual wife doctrine was true and perfectly right ; but
thac he could never enjoy himself among a crowd of brawling
women and noisy children, but said those who can were the
ones to practice it.
I then said to him, you really do not think you could
fancy such a life, Wallace ? To which he replied, " I should
be satisfied to get one like you, Nettie/'
At this poiut of our conversation, I heard my brother Wil-
liam inquiring of Sarah for me, and being told where I was,
ne callod me out, and said,
" Nettie, I do not want you to have any private conversa-
tion with that fellow, or with any other man, without Brother
Joseph's permission. He is a stranger to you, and how dare
you act thus, after hearing as much as you have about the
necessity of marrying a man that can 'exalt* you in the
eternal world ? How can you think of having private con-
versation with this trifling scamp, who would not scruple to
deceive you, although you think him good looking ?"
I replied, " William, I think I can understand why you
are giving me this scolding ; it opens up to me a clear view of
the whole case. You are expecting me to go into the family
of one of the 'Twelve Apostles.' Is that it ?"
"I can tell you this much," said William, "I have made
arrangements with Joseph Smith for your eternal salvation ;
and you must not deprive yourself of the honor of being the
uife of one of the ■ Twelve :' " and he said, u come, put on
your bonnet, and go home to Howard's."
Sarah, who had listened to all this, said at last, " William,
Nettie is too young to be tormented in this way. It is
2
26 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
ridiculous. She is just as well with rae as with Howard 01
with you."
" No, she is not," said William ; " she must not be indulged
In such wicked and jealous principles as you encourage her
in."
I submitted, and went with my brother to Howard's, to
whom I said, "I am a great trouble to my very religious
friends, and a very singular religion I think yours is, too." 1
went up stairs, and after having a cry over the matter, made
up my mind to marry some single man as soon as an oppor-
tunity offered : and that I would marry Wallace Henderson
if he was in earnest in the encouragement he had given me.
My brother William was gathering wood for Joseph Smith
:>n an island in the Mississippi, and having several men in
his charge, was obliged to be absent during the day, and I
was left at Howard's.
When he left he said, " Nettie, you must stay here until 1
come back," I made him no promises ; whereupon Howard,
who did not justify fully his course in regard to me, said,
" William, you are a tyrant, and you act sillily. She is not
going to be deprived of seeing Sarah,"
After William had left, I told Howard I was going to
Sarah's, and he suffered me to do so.
When I arrived there I found Wallace, who appeared glad
to see me, and to whom I told everything ; and then he asked
me if I would marry so young, and before my mother re-
turned. I told him I would, if I could marry a man that
was single, but that I could never endure the spiritual wife
doctrine.
My Birth and Parentage. 27
41 Nettie," said Wallace, " I love, and will marry you to-
night, if you are willing. Do you consent ?" I did consent,
and he kissed me and left, saying he would soon bring some
one to marry us.
I told Sarah what I had done, and she did not object, but
sat down and gave me much good advice ; and soon Wallace
came in with Judge Higbee, who married us, January 30,
1843. The day after our wedding I was fourteen years old.
My brothers, Howard and William, were so enraged, they did
not speak to me for a long time. Although I had married to
escape a worse fate, from a sort of necessity, I was very
oappy, for I soon learned to love my husband, and we should
Dave lived pleasantly, and did, until the spiritual wifeism
afterwards stepped between us with its blighting curse
28 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
CHAPTER II.
A STORM GATHERING.
I was married in the winter of 1843. At abou\ tills time
various causes conspired to embarrass and complicate the re-
lation of the Mormons with " the rest of mankind," (ermed by
them " Gentiles." It was well known to me, although young
at the time, as it was to every Mormon at Nauvoo, that great
numbers of cattle and hogs were in the habit of wandering
from the surrounding country into the city, and were appro-
priated by the Saints ; and the same with other property that
sould be concealed. Another thing that increased the preju-
dice against our community, was the great amount of bogus
money afloat about that time, and in some cases traced
directly to the Mormons. It so happened that while at Nau-
voo, and afterwards, I had an opportunity to know something
of this bogus manufacture.
When we were on the route through Iowa, it occurred,
that one day, when one of the wagons was upset, the press
for making bogus money rolled into sight, and was seen by
many Mormons, who till then had not supposed they were
one of a gang of counterfeiters. But there is no doubt
about the fact that the business of counterfeiting was carried
A Storm Gathering. 29
on extensively, aid that too under the personal sanction and
blessing of the Prophet Joseph, and of the Twelve. Most of
these Twelve Apostles are now living at Salt Lake, and the
same is true to day there, although not done openly, and
justified as is the spiritual wife practice. Even this was
denied at Nauvoo to the Gentiles, while it was taught us
under the ban of secrecy. One thing is certain ; this bogus
press was carried, to my certain knowledge, to Salt Lake,
and there is now a man living in Allegany county, by
the name of Lewis Wood, who saw it between Nauvoo and
Council Bluffs.
It was about this time that Governor Boggs, of Missouri,
was shot at St. Louis. It appears the Governor had offended
the Mormons very much when the latter were driven from
that State in 1838, and I recollect hearing the Prophet say
on the stand, that the man who had shot Governor Boggs
would have a crown immortal, and it was understood at the
time, that 0. Porter Rockwell was the person referred to by
Joseph.
This 0. P. Rockwell is now living at Salt Lake, distin-
guished by other similar acts, but it was this that first
brought hi in into notice among the Mormons. He was after
this known as the chief of the u Danites," a corps of men set
-t for such v. ions. In this case Governor Boggs
was shot from the outside, through a window ; but by good
fortune not killed. Another source of revenue at this time
was robbing, and " pu tiny aside11 strangers who were driv-
i attle to the a— torn market, or to the northern settle-
>. Numerous rases of this kind came to my knowledge
SO Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
after my marriage, in which I knew my husband was
engaged ; some of whieh the reader will find hereafter nar-
rated.
These cattle, before we left Nauvoo, were slaughtered, and
salted to avoid detection, but afterwards, when stolen on the
road to the plains, they were put into the teams, or used as
necessity required. This cattle stealing was known and coun-
selled by the Prophet. Although at that time I believed
him to be a Prophet of God, I now believe he was every way
unworthy to be received as such.
To discourage inconvenient scrutiny from visitors at Nau-
voo, the Mormons had a custom in vogue among them called
" whistling and whittling Gentiles out of town," which was
done after this wise.
A company of young men and boys would surround the
Gentile who evinced too great a thirst for curious knowledge,
and with the greatest gravity whistle in concert, and whittle
in careless proximity to his person, following him from place
to place, until, annoyed beyond measure, he was glad to
escape from the " City of Beauty."
I have often seen this ; and after such an exhibition of
zeal by the boys, some of the old men of the Church would
encourage them by presents, and promises of heaven, telling
them the time would come when it would be lawful to not
only whittle at, but to whittle into the Gentiles in earnest;
and the blood-thirsty spirit thus engendered among those
boys now exhibits itself in Utah, among the same ones, now
grown to be men, by their readiness to shed the blood of
the ^ "tiles at the command of the new Prophet.
A Storm Gathering. 31
The reason given the boys for this " whittling out of town w
was, that since the wicked were always liable to be punished,
if the "Gentiles" (i. e. the wicked) were allowed to remain
in the town, the righteous (Mormons) were liable to be pun-
ished with them.
A circumstance occurred about this time, which served to
scandalize the Church among the Gentiles, and create dissen-
sion among the Mormons, and threatened at one time to dis-
member the Church.
Orson Pratt, then, as now, one of the "Twelve," was sent
by Joseph Smith on a mission to England. During his ab-
sence, his first (t. e. his lawful) wife, Sarah, occupied a house
owned by John C. Bennett, a man of some note, and at that
time, quartermaster-general of the Nauvoo Legion. S*rah
was an educated woman, of fine accomplishments, and at-
tracted the attention of the Prophet Joseph, who called upon
her one day, and alleged he found John C. Bennett in bed
wim ner. As we lived but across the street from her house
we saw and heard the whole uproar. Sarah ordered the
Prophet out of the house, and the Prophet used obscene lan-
guage to her.
When brother Orson returned a short time after this, and
heard the story, he believed his wife rather than the Prophet,
and charged the latter with lying. They were both arraigned
before the Church, and tried ; the husband for " disputing v
the Prophet, and the wife for adultery ; and both were cut
off. The thing grew serious. Pratt was an apostle, and one
of the best writers, as well as the best educated man, in the
Church. Bennett left Nauvoo, and has never been identified
32 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
with the u saints " since. Pratt also left, but by the following
arrangement returned to the bosom of the Church, and to the
favor of the Prophet. He, with his wife, were re-baptized for
the remission of their mutual sin, and the Prophet was ap-
peased. Pratt has ever since been one of the pillars of the
Church, and at that time would have been an irreparable
loss to it.
He had then four wives, but his attachment to his first
wife, Sarah, appears to have triumphed over his disgust at
her loss of virtue. It is said he very nearly went mad with
the trouble growing out of this affair. He afterwards edited
a Mormon paper at Washington, known as the " Seer ;" and
by his glowing descriptions of Utah, has deluded many of
the victims of Mormonism to that moral pest-house, who
Tyould now gladly escape.
Death of the Prophet. 33
CHAPTER III.
DEATH OF THE PROPHET.
Various causes conspired to increase the storm to such a
degree that it finally resulted in the death of Joseph Smith.
Some of these have been referred to in the last chapter ;
but, probably, the most dangerous element of discord, threat
ening as it did the internal peace of the Church, grew out of
the spiritual wife doctrine ; and as some misapprehension as
to its origin appears to have obtained currency among the
" Gentiles," I deem it proper to state what I know of it.
It has been stated, and generally believed, that this doc-
trine was first communicated by revelation to Sidney Rigdon.
This is untrue, and has grown into public belief from state-
ments of Smith himself, who denied the existence of such ?
doctrine, when questioned by the Gentiles during his life
even while he was in its practice. In fact, he excommuni-
cated many of his followers who practised it indiscreetly, his
brother William among others ; and, in order to confine it
within controllable limits, and to avoid public scandal, he re-
stricted its practice to the highest dignitaries of the Church;
and it was never understood to be a thing of indiscrimi-
nate and open practice until after the Mormons orossed the
a*
34 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
Missouri, en route to the far West. This doctrine was re-
vealed under circumstances of extraordinary import to Joseph
Smith, as the " only Prophet of God," and was written out
at length at the time, and the original writing is now " kept
in state" at Salt Lake, and in the personal custody of a
member of the Grand Presidency, Heber C. Kimble.
This remarkable document, which has so boldly attempted
to rob civilization of her highest achievement, i. e. the right
of woman to one whole and undivided husband, is said to
contain many other radical changes; things which, even
among Mormons, it is yet unlawful to whisper; but, when
the " sword of the Prophet shall be the law of the world," a
day which some Mormons now living hope to see, these mys-
terious revelations shall be unloosed to " bless " the Mormon
world.
The Prophet appears to have encountered an unrelenting
opponent in his first and lawful wife, Emma, who discovered
by accident this document, and finding it contained new doc-
trines which threatened to interfere with her domestic rights,
attempted to destroy it; but the Mormons claim she was
miraculously prevented, and the oracle is still preserved.
Emma attempted, as a last resort, to poison the Prophet,
and though she failed in that, she soon found sympathy and
support among the disaffected within the Church.
The Prophet had sent some time before this, rfhree men,
Law, Foster and Jacobs, on missions, and they had just re-
turned, and found their wives blushing under the prospective
honors of spiritual wifeism ; and another woman, Mrs. Buel,
had left her husband, a Gentile, to grace the Prophet's retinue
Death of the Prophet. 35
on horseback, when he reviewed the Nauvoo Legion. I
heard the latter woman say afterwards in Utah, that she did
not know whether Mr. Buel or the Prophet was the father of
her son. These men established a press in Nauvoo, to ex-
pose his alleged vicious teachings and practices, which
a revelation from Joseph destroyed. The press was thrown
into the street, and the material scattered.
This provoked a conflict with law officers of the State.
Sheriffs and constables searched the city for the Prophet,
and Hiram, and others of the leading ones, but for a long
iime they evaded them. The Prophet fled across the Missis-
»ippi, to Iowa, and took refuge with the Indians.
A circumstance occurred in the midst of the excitement,
which I think was not rightly understod by the Gentiles.
A sheriff in pursuit of the Prophet, whose name I do
not now recollect, was murdered by the Mormons, and
thrown into the Mississippi. His friends supposed he had
been drowned accidentally, for this was the story circulated
by those who murdered him. Things were assuming a bad
shape. The Prophet's wife Emma, stirred up the people by
the story that the Prophet was a coward, and had forsaken
his people.
Historians of these events tell us that the Governor of
Illinois persuaded Joseph Smith, and his principal Apostles
lo surrender themselves to the law officers, and tendered to
them his official protection. But there is always an under-
current in history, a knowledge of which is necessary to a
right-estimate of the facts, which is only to be found in the do-
of the great actors upon the stage of life. Emma,
36 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
who wished to destroy the Prophet, wrote to him reprcach
fully, for his cowardice ; and denouncing him as an impostor,
and asked him to give a proof of his mission, by facing the
enemies of the church.
This had the effect she had expected and desired. The
Prophet returned to Nauvoo, and was arrested, with his
brother Hiram, John Taylor, Willard Richards and others,
and all were lodged in Carthage jail.
But the excitement among the Gentiles was at its height.
The idea had obtained credit, that the Governor would pro-
tect the Prophet, and screen him from justice. A mob
gathered at Carthage, on the 27th of June, 1844, and took the
matter into their own hands. John Taylor, late editor of the
** Mormon," a paper published in New York city, escaped
with a slight wound ; his watch having intercepted a ball,
which otherwise must have passed through his body. Ho
gave us a detailed account of the end of the Prophet.
He said Hiram fell dead at the first shot from the mob,
through the window ; Joseph, who was sitting upon the win-
dow-sill, received a shot which wounded him, may be mor-
tally. He then turned quickly to Hiram, and seeing he was
dead, exclaimed, " My Lord, my God, have mercy upon us, if
there is any God ;" and fell out of the window, where he was
soon riddled with balls.
When the dead bodies arrived at Nauvoo, the spiritual
wives of the late prophet, before unknown with certainty,
now disclosed by cries, and a general uproar, their secret ac-
ceptance of the new doctrine. One »f them, Olive Frosty
went entirely mad ; but his own wife Emma, appeared re-
Death of the Prophet. 37
markablv resigned. She afte wards married a Gentile, and
disavowed Mormonism.
The bodies of the Smiths were brought to Nauvoo, and
buried in the cellar of Joseph's house, although the ceremony
of burying their empty coffins was performed at the
"grave." The death of the prophet was a terrible blow ;
and the problem whether the Church would be annihilated
by it, or not, was destined to turn upon that of a choice
of a successor, to which there were many aspirants. Wil-
liam Smith, the only surviving brother of the dead Pro-
phet, founded a strong claim upon the fact of his being the
next of kin ; Lyman White, Gladden Bishop, James Strang,
John E. Page, Sidney Rigdon, and many others were candi-
dates.
Brigham Young, already a rising man among the adhe-
reuts of the new faith, was absent upon a "mission " at the
time ; but his return was daily expected. He was President
of the u Quorum of Apostles," and next to the Prophet, had
been perhaps the most popular of the leaders, with the peo-
ple. It has been stated, and generally believed, that Brigham
Young was elected Prophet, and Head of the Church, by the
college of Apostles. This is not true. Although that body
undoubtedly favored the elevation of the President of theii
quorum, they had no such power Invested in them. The
election of all officers in the Church, from the Prophet down
to the lowest, is a question to be submitted to the whole
body of the people. Sidney Rigdon was making a strong
effort to get a special convention, hoping thereby to secure
his election before the ret lrn of Brigham Young; and in
38 Fifteen Years among the Mormons
fact succeeded in getting it called. The people had asseua*
bled upon a day fixed for that purpose. In those days, the
advent of a steamboat on the Mississippi was always an
event. One had been anxiously expected for several days,
which it was hoped would bring " Brother Brigham." After
the convention had been organized, most of the candidates
presented their claims by a personal address ; and the last
speaker, Sidney Rigdon, had risen to address the excited as-
sembly, and was risking everything upon a. strong, last appeal
to the people, in his own behalf, who were now about to
decide whether he (Rigdon) should be a Prophet, and a
Mormon, or an apostate.
He had nearly finished, and the friends of Brigham Young
were wild with vexation, for Rigdon was evidently gaining
upon the popular feeling. Just then the cry came up from
the river, that a boat was in sight, and when it arrived,
Brigham proved to be on board. When on shore, he came
at once to the convention, and advanced to the stand, with
the air of a prophet, and the lofty bearing of one who bore
in his person the fortunes of an empire. He was at that
time under forty years of age, with a handsome and pleasing
face, and an open and frank address ; he possessed the rare
faculty of inspiring enthusiasm in others, without allowing it
to overpower himself.
By a short and well-timed speech, in which he referred
feelingly to the dead Prophet, he frankly presented his claims
to the succession. The effect was instantaneous, and perma-
nent. He was elected President of the Church of Latter Day
Saints, and a Prophet of God ; and from that day to this, haa
Death of the Pkophet. 39
ruled the Church with an untrammelled absoluteness, un-
known to any other human government. This will appear
the more remarkable when we state that he is, with all other
officers of the Church, liable to be removed twice each year ;
i. e. the 6th of April and October ; when each are reelected,
or others in their stead, when disaffection exists as to any
one of them ; the whole being governed by the voice of the
peoplo. A perfect democracy in its original sense.
• The defeat of Rigdon and Strang ended their belief in
Mormonism, and each went off to found a new order upon
their own hook ; as did also most of the other defeated can-
didates. Success has however attended the lead of none
but Brigham Young, who was followed by all those whose
orthodoxy was then undoubted.
The new Prophet declared openly in favor of the spiritual
wife dogma, as soon as he could do so safely, which formed
the first great feature of his administration. His energy and
personal influence soon infused new life within the Church,
and served to calm the opposition from without. His
fair beginning promised a peaceable and successful future,
but the schismatics who had left, and who were for the most
part opposed to the new doctrine, were fanning anew the
- of persecution among the Gentiles. The Mormons were
soon convinced that the coming storm, the inutterings of
which they heard in the distance, would render necessary
another remove, and it was reluctantly decided to make a
final exodus to the great West — to seek a home among the
rocks and mountains in the heart of the great plains, west of
the Mississippi
10 Fifieen Years among the .Mormons.
It was now early spring, and every preparation was made
that promised to expedite this migration. A crop was
planted with a view to removal immediately after the har-
vest ; and seeds gathered for future planting in other soils.
The great Temple was yet unfinished, but a prediction of the
dead Prophet had foretold its completion, and the utmost
exertion was made to effect its verification before the coming
fall ; and this, under the energetic leadership of Brigham
Young, was fully accomplished, even to the last ornament.
But another and stronger motive impelled to the finishing
of the Temple. The late apostasies from Mormonism had
shown the necessity of some stronger tie than mere religious
zeal to bind the saints together.
Since the Heads of the Church had left Kirtland Ohio,
they had possessed no Temple, with "upper rooms" of the
required sanctity and seclusion, in which to celebrate the
dark and mysterious rites of the " endowment" and every
effort was made to finish the Temple for the observnce of
these ceremonies, before the final exodus.
Endowments. 4 1
CHAPTER IV.
ENDOWMENTS.
Br early winter, the "upper rooms" of the Temple, sot
apart for the mysteries of the Endowments were finished,
and the persons in the different quorums accounted worthy,
were sent for, to receive the "fullness of that blessing."
None but those of approved integrity, and of undoubted
orthodoxy, who have paid their "tithing," can travel this
" Mormon road to Heaven," as it is called. This " tithing,"
in its fullest sense, implies a tenth of all one's property
and income, and one-tenth of the time to be spent in labor
on the public works, or money to hire a substitute.
• There are many things about these initiations which I do
not feel at liberty to disclose, as I have received them ;is
religious mysteries, at a time I believed they were true —
when I knew no other religion. Indeed, my whole know-
ledge of religion, until within a few months, has been associ-
ated with these ceremonies, as opening the only road to
heaven. They have taught me to believe my chief duties
as a woman, in this life, consisted in having a great many
children ; and my prospect for happiness and " exaltation "
in the next world, to be greatly enhanced, by being oue of
42 Fifteen Tears among the Mormcns.
many fruitful wives of one man ; and that even my salvation
depended upon the pleasure of the Prophet, or on that of a
spiritual husband, and I had never heard a true account of
that beautiful story of a free salvation through Christ, of
which I am now anxious to know more.
Those things in the following ceremonies, which I have
neglected to disclose, are such as, while they would only
gratify the morbid curiosity of some readers, and offend the
good taste of others, are forever sealed within my own breast
by a solemn obligation of secrecy, and must so remain until
I can see how their disclosure can contribute to the public
good : a reason for silence on those points, which all con-
scientious people will, I think, duly appreciate ; and yet I
am free to acknowledge, that I have had some difficulty in
settling with my conscience the exact point at which my dis-
closures should end ; and the difficulty has not been lessened
by the instruction and advice kindly given me by several dis-
tinguished ministers of the Gospel, that I ought to feel
myself at liberty to make an unreserved disclosure of the
whole matter. I have, however, thought it safest to give mv*
conscience the benefit of the doubt, where there has been
any question as to what I ought to do ; and hence the follow-
ing is all I have to disclose upon this part of Mormonism at
present :
My husband, who was a member of the fourth " Quorum
of Seventies," and myself, were called to the Temple to re-
ceive our " Endowments."
We ascended the first stair, at the head of which Brigham
Young met us. He took me by both hands, and led me to a
Endowments. 43
door at tie left, and whispering in my ear a pass-word, left
me to go in, and afterwards did the same with my husband,
who was directed to enter a door at the right.
The room I had entered was nearly filled with women : no
men were in this room ; and no women were in the room at
the right, where Wallace had entered. Here we were un-
dressed and washed in a large tub of warm water, by a woman
who is " ordained " to that office, and then anointed with
" consecrated oil," by another woman, also " ordained • for
that particular duty.
Two high priests were in an adjoining room, consecrating
this oil, and handing the same into both rooms as it was
needed, which was poured from a horn over our heads, and a
lengthy prayer was thon said over us. Every part of the.
body being in turn the special subject of this prayer, that we
might become as little children, even as Adam and Eve were
when placed in the Garden of Eden, and many other matters
of a similar bearing, which I cannot now recollect, although
I witnessed the ceremony many times afterwards.
We were then dressed with a white night-gown and skirt,
And shoes of bleached drilling, and with our hair loose and
dripping with consecrated oil, each received a new name, and
were instructed that we were never to pronounce this name
on earth but once : and that, when we came to enter within
the " Veil " hereafter described.
The sapie process is gone through with in the men's wash-
ing-room, except that they wore nothing but shirt and draw-
ers, and when all was ready in both rooms, each party was
piloted by one of the:r own sex into a common room, fitted
i
44 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
up to represent, and called the Garden of Eden. On this
occasion there were about forty persons of both sexes. The
room into which we were taken was very large, the walls
were hung with white muslin, and was fitted up with boxes,
containing a great variety of trees, designed to represent the
Garden of Eden. All the trees were in life, and presented a
very fine appearance, and we were marched round the room
among them in slow and solemn procession.
It is required that each candidate be perfectly clean in
dress and person, and a filthy thing is here regarded an
abomination.
A circumstance happened at this initiation which will
illustrate how readily propriety is sacrificed to their ideas of
orthodoxy. It appears that a large Irishman, who, though a
good Mormon, had not lost his native propensity to " bulls,"
had come into the wash-room for his " Endowments," either
thoughtlessly or ignorantly, with shirt and drawers not over
clean. He had, however, put on a clean " dickey," but this
would not pass after his anointing, and being the last one
washed, and the procession ready to move into the Garden
of Eden, he threw on his clean dickey, and marched in and
received, to use his own words, " Me Enduments, with nary
an onclane rag abute me," having on, in fact, nothing but his
dickey.
But to continue. The first thing we saw in the centre of
the " Garden " was the " devil," dressed in black muslin, in
conversation with " Eve," the latter being tempted to partake
of the forbidden "fruit" to which she finally yielded. Eve
then went to Adam, with an oft'er of the " fruit," who, aftei
Endowments. 45
tAhnh *«sistance, " he likewise fell ;" whereupon the u Lord "
carae into the " Garden," with a glittering white robe, be-
spangled with every kind of brilliants that could send back a
liash of light, from whose face Adam, and Eve, and the
" Tempter " fled away hiding among the trees ; but finally
the first two confessed their " crime," and the " Lord " pro-
nounced a curse upon tiem and upon their race, copied from
Genesis, and the devil crawled out of sight upon his face.
The Lord then put aprons upon Adam and Eve, and upon us
all, made of white linen, illustrated by means of green silk,
to represent fig-leaves. We were then led out again, each
to our respective rooms, and thus ended the " first glory."
I deem it proper, and a duty I owe my sex, to hand down
to infamy the names of the wcmen I have seen not only then,
but since, represent " Eve " in the " Garden of Eden," the
more so, because the persons whose names I am about to
mention appear to have performed it willingly and with
■ pleasure."
Eliza Snow, who was one of the wives of the Prophet
Joseph, and now a wife of Brigham Young " for time," as
it is termed, which means she will be Joseph's wife again in
heaven, performed this part more than any other woman.
Now at fifty years of age, she is even yet very beautiful, and
►he may be said to perform infamously well. I have also
aeen Mrs. Buel, mentioned heretofore, do the same. She is
the woman whose husband lived at Lima, 111., when Joseph
seduced her from him. I have also seen Mrs. Knowlton in
the same capacity Sh:. is the mother of my brother How-
ard's wife, Martha
46 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
Martha is a good and pure woman, and will not submit to
the double wife practice, although she is forced to acknow-
ledge, in common with all Mormon women, that it is right
in principle, each week when she is questioned, as they all
are, by the " teachers." When my brother Howard one time
brought home another wife, Martha' fought her out of the
house, and he was forced to console himself with one. But
when I left Salt Lake last year, he was courting two sisters,
whom he intended to take home, thinking they would to-
gether be able to hold the balance of power in Martha's
household. I presume she will in the end submit, as that
is sure to be the fate of most Mormon women.
" Satan " is generally represented by Judge Phelps, for
whom I have no words sufficiently hateful. Levi Hancock
also often performed the same. And " Adam " by Orson
Hyde and Parley P. Pratt. I have no doubt but these cha-
racters have been represented by others, but these are the
persons who generally do it. The whole room was hung
with white cloth, and behind one side of the " Garden of
Eden " there was no wall but the curtain, with an arrange-
ment of " peep-holes," where Mormons who have before taken
their Endowments may witness it again. Brigham Young
was in the practice of sending for various ones among the
women to that room, where he examined them as to their
pass-words and grips, and forced them to witness again the
" temptation." I was often sent for afterwards at Salt Lake
on such occasions.
The character of the " Lord " was always represented by
M Brother Brigham, : if he could possibly be there — if not he
Endowments. 47
deputized some one ; but Brighani never played the " Devil,"
or " Adam " on these occasions.
I think I need not inform my readers how heartily the
women mentioned as " Eves " at these infernal rites were in
secret despised and hated by the great mass of the Mormon
women : especially Eliza Snow. Though forced to treat them
well in society there, I take pleasure in letting them know
the opinion that obtained among their own sex, and which
would have found an expression of universal disgust from
those of their associates, if it were not crushed into silence by
the overshadowing power of the Prophet.
We were now undressed again, and each put on the " gar-
ment" which is so arranged as to form a whole suit at once ;
and the " robe," which is a strip of white muslin, say three-
fourths of a yard wide, and long enough to reach to the feet,
gathered in the middle, and tied by a bow, to the left shoul-
der, and brought across the body, and the edges fastened to-
gether on the right side, with a belt around the waist of the
same. Over this was put the apron we had received in the
"first glory;" and the women wore what is called a veil
made of a large piece of book muslin, reaching nearly to the
floor, and gathered up at one corner to fit the head. The
men wore a kind of turban, made of the same material, other-
wise men and women were dressed alike. Thus disguised,
it was quite impossible for us to recognize each other
We were next led into what is called the Terrestrial Glory
where Brigham Young received us, and after a long effort to
explain the disgusting scene in the " Garden," as necessary to
our future exaltation, he gave each a pass-word and grip
48- Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
necessary, he said, to admit us into the "Celestial Glory,"
where our (i. e. Mormon) " god " dwells. Some say this is
Adam; and some that Joe Smith is to be our "god," and
afterwards, Brigham Young intimated, that he (Brigham),
was the medium of our salvation, and that Joseph was his
"god." They do not all agree upon this point; but they do
dgree upon another thing, and that is* that there are many
gods, and they do not acknowledge the one Triune God of
the Bible, but that every man will sometime be a " god ;"
and that women are to be the ornaments of his kingdom, and
dependent upon him for resurrection and salvation ; and that
our salvation is dependent upon the recollection of these pass-
words ; that when we get to Heaven, these pass- words will
open the door to us if we can recollect them ; but even then,
Brigham's permission is necessary before the women can en-
ter. The absolute truth of which theory I have never doubted
until within a few months.
From this we pass, after being armed with the pass-words
and grips, to another room, where is an altar, before which,
if any wish, they are " sealed" — that is married. The name of
this I do not recollect, but it is the third "Glory." We
arrived finally, where a veil separated us from the " Celestial
Glory." A man behind the veil examined us, as to the pass-
words and grips Brigham had given us, and to whom we gave
our "new name," received at the first anointing. Holes;
through the veil enabled him to see us when we could not see
him, s»nd also, to cut with a small pair of scissors, certain
marks, beside others, the Masonic square and compass, upon
the right and left breast of our " garments," and upon the
Endowments. 49
right knee, a gash, deep enough to make a scar, by which we
were to be recognized as Mormons. This gash upon the right
knee is now often omitted, because many of the women ob-
ject to it. We were then admitted into the " Celestial Glory,"
where, seated upon a throne, in great state, was a person
representing " our god." This was a gorgeously furnished
room, illustrating by earthly signs a heavenly glory. This
ends the first " anointing."
The time occupied in this initiation is about ten hours.
Two days in the week are set apart for this purpose, and
sometimes group after group succeeds each other, and the ini-
tiation is continued all day, and not unfrequently long after
nid night.
Arrived at this point, the candidate is prepared to pro-
ceed to the " second anointing." This I have never received,
and for various reasons, not the least of which was, that very
few have received this as yet, and will not until the new
temple at Salt Lake city is finished. I had also heard it
hinted, that the "second anointing" was administered
without clothing of any kind ; and moreover, as it will be
seen hereafter, I had reason to doubt somewhat, though not
entirely to discard Mormonism.
It was a noticeable feature, that the outside show of some
of the regalia and furniture connected with these " Endow-
ments," were made to conform to those of Masonry ; and
Mormons are anxious to have the " Gent:les " associate all
they know of these beastly " Endowments," with Masonry, or
as being a modified form of it, made eligible to women, as a
blind to cover the real objects of this " Institution ;" and I
3
50 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
have noticed^ by the pubic prints, since my arrival in the
States, that this was the opinion entertained among those
" Gentiles " supposed to be best informed upon this subject
But this is but a mere blind ; and the real object of these
mystic forms is no way connected with, or borrowed from
Masonry. Now, in conclusion of my disclosures upon this
part of my subject, associated as it is with hateful memories
of that peculiar kind, most distasteful to the recollection of a
pure woman, I deem it my duty, in compensation for what
I have felt compelled to omit of the foregoing, especially of
that never to be forgotten scene in the " Garden of Eden/'
to state, that the " moral " and object of the whole is, socially,
to unsex the sexes ; ****** *
* * * and when I call the attention of
the reader to the fact, that while I have described the dress
of all the parties to this inhuman display, and ocular demon-
stration, I havo not mentioned the dress of "Adam and Eve?
nor the nature of the " Fruit " by which each was in turn
tempted ; I think he will admit, that while I have said enough,
I have also left more unsaid than the imagination, held with
the loosest possible rein, would be likely to picture ; and I
have only to add, that the reality is too monstrous for human
belief* And in view of the above facts, penned under emo-
tions too deep for tears ; facts, the truth of which, not only
* It would seem to be a misfortune, that a false estimate of pro-
priety should be allowed to interpose a barrier against the exposure
of these Mormon debaucheries. But as Mrs. S , from conscien-
tious scruples, and a doubt as to the good to be accomplished by u
moro full disclosure, preferred silence, we leave this subject as it is.
Endowments. 51
myself, but thousands of outraged women in Utah, would, if
once freed from the fear of actual death, substantiate by theii
oaths ; the truth of which I should attest by my blood, if
within reach of Mormon assassination, may I not be per-
mitted to appeal to the Christian mothers of the world, in be-
half of those women, now shut up at Salt Lake, and in behali
of their daughters, just budding by flocks and whoie broods
into the new existence of womanhood, to be prostituted under
such a system ? Will this Christian land ; will the mothers
of Christendom not put forth an effort to save them ? Above
all, will not this great people, through its government, inter-
pose the strong arm of the public law ; backed, as it must be,
by armed men, to open the doors to over fifteen thousand
wuinen imprisoned, for the crime of being women ; and foi
the purpose, now not disguised, of raising up, in the shortest
possible space of time, a race of swift, and armed witnesses,
to defend and propagate this new faith — a faith resting upon
no better foundation than the mere dictum of a pretended
Prophet, whose dying words proved his disbelief in a God,*
and which faith is to-day undisputed, by more than half a
million followers ?
I shall never forget the feelings with which I left the En-
dowment rooms, on this occasion. I went immediately to my
mother, who, it appeared, had just made the same discovery ;
and was making an effort to reconcile such practices with her
belief in Mormonism. She recounted to me with mournful
• The last words of Joseph Smith were, " My Lord, my God, bavo
mercy upon us, if there ix a God "
52 Fifteen Yeaes among the Mormons.
earnestness, the miraculous cure of her deafness, and men-
tioned a circumstance which had occurred just before the
Prophet's death, as follows : It appears the Prophet Joseph
had one day broken the leg of my brother Howard, while
wrestling __ They were always together, and were both fond
of that sport, and on this occasion they had wrestled with un-
common enthusiasm, when, by an unlucky pass, Howard fell
with a broken leg. It was immediately set by the " Prophet,"
with the assistance of one of his wives, with but little pain, as
Howard alleged. It was then anointed with consecrated oil,
and was well in so short a time, that it had at least the ap-
pearance of a miracle. Howard to this day claims he ex-
perienced no pain of any amount, and believes yet that Joseph
healed it.
With all these astonishing evidences before us, how could
we doubt Mormonism. These facts were known to us, and an
account of many other similar cases were circulated, and be-
lieved among us. How could we accept the Prophet in one
particular, and reject him in another. I often hear persons
express astonishment that people can be deluded so easily.
If they knew human nature better, they would recollect, that
to believe what the best evidence at our command clearly
teaches, affords the highest proof of good faith. In this case
my mother was unaccustomed to reason, and I was less than
seventeen years of age. The influence of the public opinion
with which we were surrounded, was all one way. The facts
were admitted, and we saw no escape. Mormonism was true ;
and if so, that was the end of argument.
Endowments. 53
But the momentary doubt was soon swallowed up by the
all-absorbing topic which soon engrossed the Church. The
threatening aspect" of public sentiment among the Gentiles
clearly indicated that it would not brook our delay for another
year ; and gloomily, our whole community began to close in
upon the only apparent salvation for the Church and its
Prophet
64 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
CHAPTER V.
THE EXODUS.
The terrible recollection of our last farewell to Nauvoo, and
what followed, is still before me, fresh as a thing of yester-
day.
A people who could make such sacrifices, in vindication of
religious belief, amidst suffering by cold, and hunger, and fa-
tigue, are at least entitled to the credit of being honest when
they say they believed it true. We had been directed at the
close of the harvest to commence drying potatoes, and pump
kins, and beef, and to parch corn, and make strong durable
clothing. This was continued until February, 1846. when all
appeared to be ready for a general movement.
The Temple was finished and dedicated; and when the
final song was sung, and the last benediction pronounced by
the Prophet, amidst the tears and the lamentations of strong
men, and trusting women, and the last maledictions uttered
against the Gentiles, the Temple was abandoned, and the sig-
nal given for the commencement of that " exodus," which
even to this day, lingers upon my recollection, as among the
most wonderful and sublime movements of which the world
has any knowledge. #
The Exodus. 55
The noise of preparation for the westward march was min
gled with the sound of the hammer, which gave the finishing
stroke to the Temple, and the last " amen " of the dedication,
with the command of " forward," from the captain of " Tens."
The movable ornaments of the temple, which had been put
up perhaps but an hour since, were taken down, and packed
for future use, in ornamenting another Temple in the wilder-
ness. Even the great bell was not forgotten, and is now at
Salt Lake, ready to be swung when the Temple there is ready
to receive it.
This bell was stolen at St. Louis, by a company of Mor-
mons, under the command of Capt. Mott, and taken to Nauvoo.
Whether it was ever known by the owners at St. Louis who
took the bell or not, I am not informed ; but I was present on
one occasion, when this Mr. Mott was telling one of the Heads
of the Church about it. Mott pointed to a span of horses, and
said, " that is the team that drew the bell we ' selected] in St
Louis." It was well known among the Mormons that it was !
stolen.
The company of ten wagons to which myself and husband
were attached, left the city soon after the Prophet and " the
Twelve." Each ten wagons were in charge of a captain.
My brother William was in the family of Brigham Young,
and hence was in the advance ; but my mother and the rest
of the family were not then ready, and were left to join some
other company. I recollect she told me afterwards, she sold
her house and lot, worth about $800, for four pounds of pork ;
of couree the Mormon title to the land was not considered
fcood
56 Fifteen Tears among the Mormons.
Our company crossed the Mississippi on the ice the first
day, and camped at night at Sugar Creek, in Iowa. This was
about the middle of February, 1846. Then commenced a
scene of suffering and hardship, among the women and chil-
dren, which I should now think beyond human endurance.
All night, the wagons came trundling into camp, with half
frozen children, crying for food, and the same the next day —
and so on the whole line of march.
The weather was not cold for the time of year, but the open
sky and bare ground for women and children, in February, is
a thing to be endured only when human nature is put to the
rack of necessity. Many a mother hastily buried her dead
child by the wayside during that winter march, half regret-
ting she could not lie down with it herself, and be at peace.
Our company remained for several days at this encamp-
ment, and as company after company passed, I began fully
to realize my situation. I was now separated from the rest
of my family, for the first time ; and left alone with my hus-
band, and I was not certain if my mother had, or would start
for the wilderness.
We had a cloth tent, which, if we had been well provided
with sufficient clothing, would have made us comfortable.
One night, after we had been here for several days, a heavy
snow fell ; and we awoke in the morning, to find the snow had
broken the tent pole, and ourselves half buried under it
While Wallace was yet engaged in repairing the damage
and had removed in part the snow, and put up a new pole, mj
brother William, of whose whereabouts I knew nothing until
now, looked into th.3 tent, and said, "Nettie, you are cold/
The Exodus. 57
I was cold and chilled. The little clothing we had was wet
with snow. William had hardly spoken to me until now, since
my marriage; and looking round, sadly, he said at length,
«* Nettie, this is not much like our father's home we have left
in Pennsylvania. If we die here, we shall die the death of
martyrs." He believed Mormonism was true, and he afterwards
died a martyr, while I lived one.
Our company was that day reorganized, and we moved on
ward. For a few days, I rode in the wagon of the Prophet
by his invitation, and by an arrangement made by Wallace
and William, as I could ride more comfortable thus.
Brother Brigham, upon hearing me ask William if he had left
my mother and the children at Nauvoo, to be murdered by
the mob, directed him to go back for them. He accordingly
returned to Nauvoo. When we had arrived at Sheridan
River, William left us, and I rode again with my husband.
Thus the march was continued, in companies of ten wagons
each ; and as we were lightly loaded, the stores of the ten
families were placed in our wagon ; but it made no great ad-
dition to our load, for the provisions already began to fail ;
and after about a month, we were put upon short allowance.
The men killed what game they could upon the way, which
was but little at that time of the year. It was a weary jour-
ney ; crossing rivers, and bleak prairies, through Iowa in a
westerly direction from Nauvoo. Sometimes short of wood
and water, and always short of food. The full history of
that sad journey of five months will never be written. Pio-
neers had been sent on to lookout the way, and we followed
in the common trail ; a long drawn, straggling, struggling
3*
58 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
train, seeking a home in the wilderness — no one knew where,
or when it would be found. This was the beginning of that
naif nomadic life of suffering and privation, which has at
length given character to the Mormons, and rendered them one
in purpose, and a strong, isolated people ; self-dependent, and
quick in resource ; asking nothing from, and granting nothing
to the rest of mankind, and rough-schooled them to an inde-
pendence, as surprising as it is perfect.
It was the policy of the Heads of the Church to have the
column move on as fast as possible until spring, then to halt
at planting time, and put in crops for the coming masses,
whose provisions were exhausted. These were called
" stakes."
We arrived at Garden Grove, the first "stake" west of
Nauvoo, on the first of June, 1846, after having been on half
allowance for a long time. Those in front moved on to the
" stake " at Council Bluffs. We were directed to make a farm
and plant, while part of the men were sent south, into Mer
cer county, Missouri, to buy provisions. Garden Grove is on
Grand River, near the north line of Missouri. After we were
established, and David Fulmer was chosen President of the
" stake," the Prophet moved on to Council Bluffs.
My husband was chosen among others to go into Mercer
county to buy provisions, and left me with his married sister,
Mary Allred. My allowance of provisions at this time was
very small — a piece of bread and some milk, less than half
as much as I needed, was the small share allowed me, with as
many wild onions as I wisfied.
We watched the return of the men with great anxiety,
The Exodus. 59
tfhile our stock of provisions grew less and less, till at length
our overwrought imaginations pictured our prospects as des-
perate. To render our condition more gloomy still, it
occurred to us that the men had gone into the locality from
whence the Mormons had been driven by the Missourians a
flfcv years previous, and if they were recognized as Mormons,
they would undoubtedly be imprisoned, or perhaps murdered.
After two long weeks, just as we were giving up to de-
spair, the men returned with the grain and provisions they
had earned by laboring among the farmers, and some meat
of hogs they had not earned, but taken, from the neighborhood
of the settlements where these hogs were turned loose, and
had become partly wild. The Mormons considered it right
to take anything they could from the Gentiles, as they held
themselves to be the only people of God.
I have no recollection of having enjoyed so great a feast as
on the return of the men with the provisions. I ate all I wished
the first time for over four months. We lived a short time
in our tent, which we had pitched in a small wood near the
river. Our bed consisted of two quilts and one blanket, and
we had a few tin dishes, which made up our stock of " furni-
ture ;" and yet, strange as it may seem, when not actually
starving, we were very happy and contented, for up to this
time my husband had been very kind and attentive, and I
had so much confidence in him that I felt no fear he would
take another wife. I was happy, too, in the expectat'on of
soon being a mother, and my husband engaged his niece,
Jane Henderson, to stay with me. Our neighbors had as-
sisted Wallace in bui ding us a nice log cabin, abou; one
60 Fifteen Years among the Mormons
mile from the other houses at the " stake," on the bank of
the river. Into this we soon mo\ ed. I have no hesitation
in saying this was the most beautiful and romantic spot oi
earth I have ever seen before or since. Our cabin was sur-
rounded by a heavy growth of timber, and each tree was
eutwined by the climbing rose or entangled masses of th%
wild grape : and the whole scene was a blooming labyrinth
of wild flowers and graceful foliage, enlivened by the twitter
of birds, the noisy whiz of the pinnated grouse, and every
variety of game, bounding from the thickets or along the
graceful banks of Grand River. The wild turkey and deer
were abundant, and the only disagreeable neighbors we found
here were the wolves and the owls. The first often frightened
us at night by their threatening howls, while the latter ren
dered the night hideous and lonely beyond measure by their
unearthly hooting from two oak trees that overhung our
little cabin. Indeed, these two oaks appeared to be the cen-
tre of a vast circle of owl society, for from far up and down
and over the river, and from the far-off depths of the heavy
timber, and over the little prairie near by, came back a quick
response from owl throats, in every variety of pitch and
measure, from the hoarse bass to the tremulous treble, until
the flower-enamelled wilds about us fairly trembled with the
crash of answering hoots and gibberings ; and then as sud-
denly all was still again, and when half lost in slumber, per-
haps, again to be startled by a repetition of the dismal con-
cert. I have since then felt the loneliness of the wild prairie
and the great deserts of the West, as well as the unmitigated
solitude of the Rocky Mountains ; but I am of the opinion
The Exodus. 61
that perfect solitude cannot exist where owls do not hoot at
night.
But my dream of personal security was soon to be disturbed
in a way I little suspected. I had noticed my husband had
Heated his niece Jane uncommonly well, and one day I saw
him with her in the door-yard in close conversation. He
took her hand, whereupon she ran into the house, and comkig
to me, threw her arms round my neck, and said,
" My dear aunt, do not be offended at me, I could not help
it."
" Help what ?" said I.
" Did you not see uncle Wallace f
I replied that I did, but that he was only in fun.
" Oh ! no he was not. He says he wants me for a wife, and
I will not remain here for another day."
My readers will understand that it is not an uncommon
thing for Mormons to marry their nieces, and even their half
sisters. For instance, it often happens that when a man has
several wives, their children, having a common father, will
intermarry.
Wallace soon came in and sat down by me, with a thought-
ful and troubled air, and after an interval of silence he kissed
me. I repulsed him for the first time in my life, saying he
was false to me, that he loved me no longer, to which he
replied,
" Nettie, I am satisfied with you, I want no other — and if
I was not attached to you, I should know what to do. But
that is what embarrasses me. If I hated you, I should take
another wife at once, as I must do in the end. living as I do
62 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
among this gang of Mormons. I am enlisted, and it is more
than my life is worth to attempt to leave them. Indeed I
could not do so now and live, as I know too much about
them — more than you imagine. But here is the trouble, I
can no longer endure being the butt of ridicule among the
men for having but one wife. You may as well understand
the whole case at once. I have concluded, as between the
two evils, to bring home another wife. I do not care who. If
you have a choice, select one, and I will always recognize you
as the first and principal wife. I must stop the mouths of the
croakers, who would sacrifice everything to their spiritual
wifeism."
Who can imagine the horror with which I listened to
what, at the time, seemed the end of human hope with me.
I had married Wallace to avoid this most dreaded evil, and I
was now to be sacrificed.
Where was my mother now ? or a brother ? I was alone.
To whom should I fly ? At last I appealed to him — to my
husband — and threw myself upon his generosity. I pointed
him to the suffering and privation of the last five months,
the cold and hunger I. had endured, my age, and to the fact,
that though but a child myself, I was soon to be a mother,
and prayed that he would, at least for the sake of the one
unborn, delay the terrible step for a while. The big tears
rolled down his sun-browned face, and he trembled with emo-
tion. I knew a terrible struggle tore his breast, and I
gathered calmness to abide tli 3 issue. It was a fierce contest,
and I felt my fate hung upon the result. I awaited the end,
and it came but too soon.
The Exodus. 63
He grew calm at length, and after a long period of troubled
thought, rose and said, as he stepped to the door,
" Jane, you may stay with your aunt to-day : to-morrow is
our wedding. I have your father's consent, and it is all ar-
ranged. The sooner it is over now the better."
I saw he was about to leave the cabin. With one wild
bound I sprang upon him, with the intention of holding him
by force, but he met me with a look that told me all was
over ; and quick as the lightning's flash, I spurned him with
all a woman's hate, and shaking him off, dashed with what
speed my condition would allow in the direction of the river,
with what intention I knew not, but I have still a recollection
of throwing, as I ran, my whole soul into one wild yell of
horror, as a last adieu to home, for in the excitement of the
moment I had no wish to return to it. My next recollection
of this unnatural scene was upon waking up the next morn-
ing, as if from some horrible dream. I found Wallace and
Jane by my bed, apparently greatly alarmed at my condition.
Wallace showed the greatest sincerity in his expressions
of sorrow, and plead strongly for pardon — promised never to
bring, or again attempt to bring, home another wife.
I cannot now tell whether his unfeigned distress gave me
most pleasure or pain. I was weak and exhausted, and
wished not to live. It occurred to me that if my child should
be unfortunately a girl, it would be better for me to die now
than to be the instrument of giving life to another victim to
the cruel fat* which awaits all Mormon women.
Wallace reproached himself as being my murderer, and in
♦.he excess of his anguish cursed Mormonism as having led
64: Fifteen Years among the Moemons.
him into every possible crime — that it had lured him on to a
fate which he could not bear, and from which he dare not fly.
He really moved my pity. I asked him if he would take
the measures to find my mother. He said if I would allow
him, my wishes should be his law. He made no conditions,
but his surrender was perfect, and volunteered to go to hi*
" bride's " father and break off his engagement at once and
entirely. Hope, which had so lately seemed impossible to
me, once more lighted my future. I required no pledge but
sincerity, and waited with alternate hope and fear while he
was gone to undo his marriage engagement.
When he returned, he said it was all arranged with " her "
father, and the " Heads n of the Church ; and that now 1
should have no more trouble with him upon the subject of
spiritual wifeism, and I accepted in good faith his pro
mise.
THE EXODUS.
A Night with the Dead and the Wolves. 65
CHAPTER VI.
A NIGHT WITH THE DEAD AND THE WOLVES.
How quick the lights and shades of life succeed each
other. The day which succeeded our reconciliation was, I
think, the happiest of my life.
I had a long talk on the bank of the river, with Wallace,
alone, in which he renewed his promise to take no wife but
me. And to put me more fully at ray ease, he explained by
reference to our " Endowment vows," described in the fourth
chapter of this narrative, why he had felt it his duty to take,
in obedience to the commands of the Church authorities,
another wife as he had ; and in the end, offered up a fervent
prayer for my recovery, and that I might yet be satisfied with
the plan of salvation through the " Prophet."
It is strange, that at this time I did not observe that in
his prayer he still recognized the double wife doctrine ; but
I was too happy to escape the evil upon any conditions, to
look closely into the argument of the case. All I asked was
my own husband, and this granted, I was willing to admit in
theory the whole of Mormon ism.
It may be interesting to my readers to know that on this
occasion, when we had just escaped having another wife in
66 Fifteen Years among the Mokmons.
the house, I was barefooted, and had not a sign of a bonnet;
and for want of a more suitable dress, I was sitting on the
bank of the river, with my husband, in my night-gown, and
he was dressed in buckskin hunting shirt, and pants and
moccasins. And yet, this was the happiest day of my life.
As we were to make a holiday of it, after dinner we all
went to the river, fishing. While there, Wallace saw a deei
on the other side, and leaving me with Jane, he got his gun
from the cabin, and shot it. The deer, with the fine lot of
fish we had caught, marked the day, one of good cheer and
plenty. In a few days more, I was the mother of a fine boy.
Wallace was kind to me, and was much pleased with his child.
Several weeks passed thus calmly, in which I was uncom-
monly happy, but I began to observe something wrong with
Wallace. He would walk the house in an unsocial manner,
or sit as if brooding over some great sorrow, for hours.
I said to him one day, in order to draw him out, that
if he would promise to give me the child, and allow me to
go untrammelled, he should have as many wives as he
pleased ; and as he made no reply, I gave the baby to Jane,
and asked him to go with me for a walk, to which he replied,
I " I cannot, I am perfectly wretched, knowing as I do, that
I can never be contented with you, or make you so, while
resting under my present obligations to the Mormons. We
have been deceived. You do not know it, but I do. I have
taken solemn oaths to support the doctrines of Mormonism ;
I have been ever persuaded, and led on, till I dare neither
retreat nor go forward."
.\nd he wept like a child. I thought then, and think still,
A Night with the Dead and the Wolves. 67
that Wallace Henderson was honest in the beginning, and
that whatever were his faults afterwards, they were chargeable
to the cruel impositions of a false church. This I say, in
this connection, because hereafter I may have no heart to say
anything in his favor. I said to him, " you are mad." He
was looking pale, and haggard, and said,
" I was about to tell you all, but here comes that girVs
father:'
I saw Mr. Hawkins coming to the door ; I took the baby
and went to the bank of the river, as I did not wish to hear
what he had to say.
This Mr. Hawkins was the father of another girl the
Mormons wished my husband to marry, and I presumed his
errand was to induce Wallace to be sealed to her at once.
He remained a long while, and when he went away I saw
Wallace take a seat on the door-sill, thoughtfully and much
troubled. I sat upon the bank of the river until it was quite
dark, and I did not notice at the time that my baby was not
well wrapped up. Finally, Wallace started from his reverie,
came to me, and kindly asked why I did not come in, and why
I had left my own house. I saw by his manner that Mr
Hawkins had not succeeded in his aims and I was happy again.
We went to the house, and Wallace appeared in better
spirits than usual. Jane had built a fire, and the supper was
soon ready, and the blanket hung up at the door, for we bad
no other as yet. I told Jane, as I was now nearly well, she
could go home in the morning, and I would try to get on
without her. I wished to remove every possible hinderance
to our good un Jerstanding.
68 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
The child cried most of the night, but appeared better ir
the morning, and Jane went home.
We lived very plea&intly for a few days. Wallace was
contented and happy, but other troubles were in store for
us — for me. Our child, which had not been well since that
night on the bank of the river, and which took cold there,
was taken sick, and although we prayed, and used all the
means prescribed by the " Church," which are anointing with
" consecrated oil," and prayers — it died. This was a terrible
blow to me. I felt the child had gained by the change, but
I was not reconciled. I had clung to it as something that I
could hold to my heart, in undivided love, in place of my
husband ; for I began to understand that sooner or later, T
must give him up.
My aunt and other women came the next day and made
my dead baby a shroud, and laid it out upon a chest. It had
no coffin yet. When all this was done, each took leave, and
left us alone. There was a great deal of sickness at the
time, and most of them had some one at home requiring
attention. I was too much absorbed in my grief to notice
how things went. My child was not to be buried until the
next day. Though dead, it was mine yet another night, and
I clung to it.
My aunt would have remained with us, but her daughter
Phebe, even then, lay at the point of death. And Wallace
told her he did not wish to be unreasonable, and he should
not leave me ; so she went, apparently having done for us all
necessity demanded at her hands. Although, before dark, it
seemed to me awful, that we were to pass the night abne,
A Night with the Dead and the Wolves. 69
young as we both were, with our first child dead in the house;
yet long before morning came, I would have given all my
interest in this world for even a faithful dog as a com-
panion.
It will be recollected from what I have said in the chapter
preceding this, that our cabin was over a mile from the main
"stake," and of course was that distance from any other
human dwelling. It was also near one of the thickest coverts
for every kind of wild game ; and when it is understood that
most of the country in that part of Iowa is open prairie, the
intelligent woodsman will see at once, that the vicinity of our
dwelling must be a resort for whatever beast of prey migh*
chance to be an inhabitant of the country. It was a beautiful
night. The moon shone clear and calmly down among the
newly budding trees, and opening flowers of spring. Not a
oreath of air stirred the half-grown leaves of the forest, or
rippled upon the bosom of the river. But teeming nature,
once ■gain wakened from the long sleep of winter, was vocal
and noisy with its new life. The owls were never so clamor-
ous or dismal as on that night, and the wolves made the
distant welkin ring with their angry howls ; and a thousand
wild voices were awake that night, and blending with the
solemn moaning of the river currents, until then always
pleasant to me, to crush my sinking heart. Oh ! who knows
how much the heart can bear and not break ? I had not
spoken, or looked away from my dead child, since my aunt
had left. It lay upon tho chest under the open window, and
the pale moon shone in upon its little face, now cold and
wan. We had no door, and nc glass in our one window, as
72 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
My pent up soul put forth its strength, to save my dead
child. My first movement was to put out the lights, proba-
bly the very worst thing I could have done. Next, I fastened
down the blanket as well as might be, at the door and win-
dow. I had nothing with which to barricade them.
I saw very soon my folly in having blown out the lights ;
for, within ten minutes, the wolves were howling in the open
moonlight, near the cabin, and I could hear and see them
6narl and snap each other; and quickly they were nearer
and nearer the door, and disputed tuith each other for a place
at the entrance.
Oh, horror! That was a terrible moment. I screamed^
and* beat against the blanket, to frighten them back. This
would succeed for a moment, but other wolves would return
to be driven off in the same way.
Time sharpened my wits, and I actually grew self-possessed
as my chances of escape lessened. A minute then was equal
to an hour of ordinary thinking. I knew where to lay my
hand upon a board. It was near my child. I screamed,
and drove them off the door-step, and then, before they could
return, I laid the corpse upon the board, and lifted it over
head upon the joist, which I could just reach from the chest ;
and that was out of danger. But the wolves were back
again, mad and more furious than before ; I drove them with
a will back once again, and then it took me but a moment to
draw myself up to, and on the joist, and I was safe, at least
I believed so, with my child, and the event proved it true.
There was no chamber floor nor ladder, and how I got up
I could not tell afterwards. I watched my child, the long,
A Night with the Dead and the Wolves. 73
long night, sitting upon the joist, and when the wolves
threatened most to come in, I yelled them away, or at least
I imagined I frightened them. One thing is certain, none
passed the blanket, although more than once I saw it move
•n the moonlight, and could hear their sharp, quick snuffing
near it, as if smelling the way in.
It was a long, dreary night; but strange as it may seem,
I suffered comparatively nothing from fear, until I found my-
self apparently beyond the reach of the wolves ; then my
mind took in the whole position of affairs, in one terrible
review ; and even magnified the danger still pending — I imag-
ined, at first, it would be possible for them to gain the roof,
and reach us in that way, as they well might have done, if
the roof had been as frail as coverings to temporary buildings
of this kind sometimes are.
A few hours before daylight, they were more furious than
ever, and I expected were about to choose some new point
of attack. But they did not.
The early morning light came at length, by degrees, and
although it was a long time before it revealed the difference
between that and the moonlight, inside the cabin, yet I knew
it had come ; because the wolves dropped off, one by one,
and finally all was silent outside ; and the calmest and sweet-
est spring morning I had ever seen, ushered in by the song
of birds, came to my relief. Oh ! it was a relief, and I was
not mad ; and my dear child was by my side. And then the
tears, for the first time, during that long night, came to my
eyes — to bless me, and I wept, in sad and calm reconciliation
to the death of my child. A resignation I had not felt before
4
74 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
I have since recognized in this, a Hand of which Mormon-
ism had given me no account, and does not acknowledge, at
least not in the beautiful sense of the Bible.
After I was fully reassured, and had dried up my grateful
tears, I began to cast about for the best method of getting
down; and just at that point Wallace came home. He
looked haggard and guilty. His first words were those of
apology, and he begged earnestly for pardon. He assisted
me down. I had no words for him then ; I needed rest, and
singularly enough, I soon found a kindly relief in a calm
sleep, from which I awoke refreshed, but little before noon.
Seeking my Mother. 75
CHAPTER VIL
SEEKING MY MOTHER.
Thr men came to bury my child. I was too weak to go to
the grave, so I took leave of it at home, with a calmness
which would have been impossible for me the day before;
regretting most that I was not to be buried with it.
When it was all over, I had a long talk with Wallace. I
told him what my convictions were ; that I thought him a
villain, that I felt myself not only the victim of his sensuality
and selfishness, but that he was governed neither by the laws
of God nor man, and was wanting in honor ; and when he
attempted to justify himself, I gave him to understand, that
it was of no particular consequence what he said, for his
conduct was beyond the limits of endurance.
This conversation gave me great pain, because I was even
then greatly attached to him ; and had not entirely abandoned
the hope, that his faults were more chargeable to the influence
of Mormonism, than to his own bad heart. He protested, that
if I could once understand his position, I would not condemn
him
He proposed we should move to the stake, near the other
dwellings, to which I consented gladly, as I should there be
76 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
not only safe from the wolves, but should be most likely to
get some word from my mother ; to find whom now became
the absorbing object of my life, as I believed she would not
only take me home, and protect me against Wallace, or at
least against his taking another wife, but that she would help
me expose, as I knew she could not justify, some new enormi-
ties of Mormonism, which I had discovered since we had
parted. It will be recollected, that I was not yet past the age
when the child goes to the mother for the cure of all its woes.
We therefore moved up to the " stake " immediately.
T asked Wallace, a few days after, where he went the night
he left me with the wolves, and went with William Hick-
man.
Wallace finally told me the whole story, as follows : saying
he would trust my honor not to expose him.
I have to state in the first place, that there were two roads
leading through Iowa to Council Bluffs. One passing by our
"stake," Garden Grove, and another parallel. to it, six miles to
the north. The one on which we lived, and had travelled
when we came out, was called the Southern road ; and was
mostly travelled the previous year. But that spring, most
of the travel, whether by Mormons, or other emigrants, was
an the Northern road.
Wallace said, " the President of the ' stake,' David Fulman,
had received the information, that a Gentile family by the
name of Martin, were about to pass Garden Grove, on the
Northern road, and that they had a great many cattle and
horses. This Martin was a man of wealth, who was on his
way across the plains, probably going to California.
Seeking my Mother. 71
u The ' Danites were therefore directed by Fulman to in-
tercept him, and take Martin's stock and tie them in the
timber, where he would be unable to find them ; and when
he had passed on, they could be brought out, which we accor-
dingly did — Hickman and myself, with some others. I have
one yoke of oxen, and David Fulmer has one, and the rest
was distributed among the men as they had need. Isaac
Allred has also one yoke of the oxen."
I asked Wallace if he thought that right. He said, u the
Mormons believed, and it was undoubtedly true, that those
who were not for us, were against us." In reply to another
question, he said, "If the emigrants, when they lose their
cattle, go on, and do not run against their fate by making us
too much trouble, in looking for, or in the attempt to recover
them, they are not harmed ; otherwise they are put out of
the way.11
We had been at the "stake" but a few days, when I had
the good fortune to hear from my mother.
It will be recollected that my brother William had been
sent back by Brigham Young to Nauvoo for her, the previ-
ous spring, and now we heard by a nephew of Isaac Allred,
who had travelled with them part way, that they would pro-
bably pass Garden Grove the next day ; though they would
come no nearer than six miles of us, as they were to continue
on the Northern road. My mother nnd William were not
aware that we were at Garden Grove. I was anxious, and
determined to go to the road the next morning, to meet them.
Wallace asked me if he consented to take me there, if I would
promise to come back. I told him I would not We then
78 Pifteen Years among the Mormons.
had a long discussion, in which he told me, he did not wish
me to leave him ; that he dare not leave the Mormons, or re-
fuse to sustain all their requirements ; and that he had sworn
to do so. He said it would cost him his life to refuse. That
as soon as he could, he would take me away from them. He
was willing I should see my mother, but that I must not leave
him ; and that by the next day, Isaac Allred would be back
from Missouri. Allred had intended to bring back a horse,
and if he did, we could get it, and overtake my mother, as
they would travel but slowly. " Yes," said I, " a stolen horse,
which I will not ride, if I never see my mother again." Wal-
lace admitted it would probably be a stolen one. It happened
there was not a single horse at the " stake," at the time.
The weather was very beautiful the next morning, and I
persuaded Wallace to start with me on foot to the upper
road. I represented to him that I had often walked twice
that distance, when coming from Nauvoo, when I had nothing
to encourage me on, and now, the wish to see my mother,
was a sufficient inducement for any effort.
We therefore set out early, in fine spirits, following the
nver, and wading across it at the first shallow place. This
was not unpleasant, as the weather was warm. We got along
very well for about four miles, when I became so exhausted,
that I could go no further ; and we rested for half an hour,
with our eyes anxiously fixed in the direction of the road,
grudging the delay of a moment; and then went on with
more ease, until we came at last to the well worn track. We
eagerly looked each way. The eye could command a view
of several miles forward and back on the road, over the open
Seeking my Mother. 79
prairie. But no team in sight. None — no moving thing.
Hope sank within me. We sat down and waited a long time,
and still there was nothing to be seen on the trail to the east,
from which they must come, if not already gone by. This
was a great disappointment I urged Wallace to remain all
night, as they might possibly pass before morning.
He said we could not, as there was danger from the In-
dians ; and besides, we were not prepared to camp out. It
was hard to give up the cherished hope of finding my mother,
and of going on with her. I was determined, in case we met
with the success we expected, not to return to Garden Grove,
as I had nothing to call me back, where there was every
thing to make it unpleasant to me. Both the girls Wallace
had thought of marrying lived there yet.
Wallace at length took hold of me, and pulled me up, and
we started back — on my part most reluctantly. It was like
going to the grave.
We had gone but a short distance when the sky became
overcast, and threatened rain. But we hurried on. We were
anxious, if possible, to reach the ford we had crossed in the
morning, before it was too dark to find and pass it ; but what
with the approaching night, and gathering clouds, it was soon
dark, and then the rain set in, and we had no light but the
successive flashing of the lightning.
We had evidently delayed too long at the road. I becamo
perfectly exhausted, and I sat down in the dark, the rain fall-
ing in torrents, unable to move another step. We were now
in a grove of timber, and had been guided by the tops of the
trees and the noise of the river, in keeping a direct course
80 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
down the stream, as we dare not venture too near the
bank.
Wallace said, it would not do to sit down, and he took me
upon his back and carried me a long way, until he made a
misstep, and fell, and we both found ourselves rolling upon
the ground together, though unhurt. There we sat until the
rain ceased, and we were then enabled to make our way very
well by starlight, with none the less ease for being well
We soon found we were going astray, as we were out of
hearing of the river, but imagined we could hear it off to the
right, and by going in that direction we found it. When
we arrived at the bank, we ascertained there was no crossing-
place at that point. The banks were high, and the water
roared wildly, and was rendered still more terrific by the
mystery of the darkness. We now bethought us, that per-
haps the rain had raised the stream somewhat, which, if so,
would render it unsafe to cross. Wallace directed me to sit
down and rest, while he examined the bank below. He was
gone some time, and returned without finding a place where he
could get to the water. He then went up the stream some
distance, and had the good luck to find a low bank, and a
ford near by. He waded over the river, and then back, to
satisfy himself there was no deep holes ; then called to me to
come up, as he dare not leave the place, for fear of losing it
in the dark. On account of the distance, and the roaring of
the water, I could not understand what he said, but went to
him, fearing he had met with some accident
T was so lame, and overworked by the long walk of the
Seeking my Mtoher. 81
day, and stiffened by the rain, that I was undei the necessity
of resting several times before I arrived where he was, but
felt myself greatly encouraged to hear of the discovery he had
made.
He wished to carry me over, but I dare not risk him in the
dark ; and although he insisted upon doing so, I persuaded him
it was safer to walk together, and take hold of hands, and
thus we should be a mutual help, which would leave him his
whole strength to stem the current, which had grown very
strong since the rain. Thus we started into the water, holding
each other by the hand. The water, most of the time, came
just up to my arms, and it was with the greatest difficulty I
kept ray footing. But I held to ray husband, who advanced
carefully and surely, and we gained the other side in safety,
greatly to my satisfaction. I then sat down upon the bank,
while Wallace went to examine the locality. He came back
soon, saying, as near as he could make out in the dark,
we were not far from the old cabin, from which we had
moved a few days since. This was the place where I had
spent the night alone with my dead baby and the wolves.
Wallace said we would go there and pass the night. He had
by chance some matches with him, with which, if they were
not ruined by the water, he could light a fire. Luckily his
opinion proved to be correct, and we soon found the cabin,
where we arrived glad enough. I was nearly as well pleased
for the time as if I had found my mother.
Wallace soon had a cheerful fire, and although we found no
bed or food there, we were soon warm, grateful, and happy.
H.- spivad his coat upon the floor for me, awl I laid down,
4*
32 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
and dropped asleep. But he allowed me to lie but a short
time, as he said I had better get up and dry ray clothes, as I
was liable to take cold.
Wallace had been patient, and kind with me, during our
tiresome adventure, which I appreciated very highly. When
I attempted to get up, I found it impossible at first to move
my stiffened limbs. But by rubbing, and getting warm by
the fire, I was better after a little. Long before we got fully
dry, we were both asleep, and did not wake till the sun shone
into the door the next morning. I found it impossible to
walk, and Wallace, after putting on a fire, went to the " stake,"
and brought some breakfast, and a tin cup of warm tea, which
greatly revived me. He also brought his oxen and sled to
take me home ; and just as we were about to start, Isaac All-
red came by, on his way down the river, for a hunt, and
offered to take me home on his horse. Wallace insisted I
should ride — placed me on his horse, and AH red took me
home, where I arrived, well satisfied with finding myself once
more safely housed, and contrary to my expectations, I ex-
perienced no great inconvenience from our adventure. I was
m a few days quite well again.
Among the Gentiles. 83
CHAPTER Vm
AMONG THE GENTILES
My husband, a few days after this, said to me, u A great
many Mormons have gone to Missouri, for the purpose of
earning provisions, and the like, to bring into the * stake,'
and I think of joining them in the enterprise. What do you
?ay to going with me, and we shall both get some kind of
employment until winter V7
I gladly embraced the opportunity to get away from Mor-
monism. I told Wallace I would like to go, but that I would
never return. He said if I should hint at such an intention
before I left, we should not be allowed to go. That our lives
would be worth but little. " I should not dare to make such
a remark unless I was ready to die ; and when in Missouri, it
will be no safer to attempt an escape then than now, as the
part of the State where we are going to is full of Mormons,
though they are not known as such. And if we should at-
tempt to throw ourselves upon the protection of the Gentiles
we should be likely to meet the fate of Governor Boggs, who
was shot among his friends in St. Louis."
Wallace said further, with much feeling and apparent can-
dor, " Others may perhaps escape from this gang, but I can
84 Pifteen Years among the Mormons.
not. I have gone too far. I have taken other obligations
than those of the ' Endowments.' My life, and above all, my
peace of mind, is of but little value at the best. You think
you suffered too much the night I left you alone with the
wolves, but I would gladly have exchanged places with you ;
for your sufferings ended with the appearance of daylight,
while mine continue, as an evil conscience always will, to
haunt me still. I try to believe, and I generally do, that the
Prophet can pardon all our crimes, as he tells us he can, and
will, when committed in the service of the Church. And yet
I recollect, when very young, of being taught that evil should
never be done, that good may come of it. And although I
know the ' mission ' of our Prophet is later than that of Jesus
Christ, yet I cannot at all times feel justified in crime, though
it be in defence of the Church, or the preservation of the
saints. I sometimes wish that murder, and spiritual wife-
ism, were not necessary to the success of Mormonism. We
will go to Missouri ; but, Nettie, you must recollect, it will be
useless to attempt an escape, or expect me to, or to hold any
conversation upon religious subjects with the Gentiles."
I was greatly disheartened at what he had said, because
the idea, that I could not, if I chose, abandon Mormonism,
was entirely new to me. We set out within a few days, and
when in Mercer county, Wallace found a place to work, at
good wages, with a large and able farmer. I took a district
school near by, and boarded where Wallace worked. Aftei
so many hardships, I was really happy and contented during
our stay here. Wallace was very kind, but would not allow
me to be intimate with any one, but wished me, when out of
Among the Gentiles. 85
school, to remain in my room until he returned from his
work, and then we would take walks alone in the woods and
fields. The country was sparsely settled, and the inhabitants
.vere large and very wealthy farmers, mostly from the South, and
were very kind to us. The name of Wallace's employer was
Samuel Porter. Mrs. Porter treated me very kindly, as did
tier sister Mrs. Duncan, and her daughter Mary Jane. The
latter was married during the summer to Saul Litton. They
all made me a great many presents, and should this book
come Lo their notice, they will undoubtedly recollect me ; and
I take pleasure in making this grateful mention of them, as
their attention to me was of that kindly and delicate naturef
rarely met with, except among truly well-bred people. Theii
kindness was the more appreciated, as I had been accustomed
only to the rude habits of our people.
These ladies offered me a home if I did not wish to return
to the Mormons, which I would gladly have accepted if I had
deemed it safe for them and myself to have done so.
I had had some conversation with them on the subject of
religion, notwithstanding my husband wished to prevent it ,
and though it was not generally known we were Mormons, they
knew our history. Oh ! how often afterwards, when camping
out upon the bleak prairie, or suffering from hunger, or cold,
or the imprisonment of Salt Lake, have I thought of the
agreeable summer spent in their society, and wished, oh! how
bitterly, I too had received a Christian education, and had
been free and untrammelled to do right
Late in the fal/ I closed my school, and we prepared to
return to Garden Grove with the fruit of our earnings. My
86 Fifteen Years among the Mokmons.
husband had treated me so kindly, and had so often promised
to take no more wives, that I believed him, and improbable
as it was, I returned in the full belief that he would give me
no more trouble in that way. We took with us provisions
and clothing sufficient to make us very comfortable for the
coming winter ; but when we arrived at the u stake," David
Fuhner directed Wallace to distribute his provisions among
the destitute families there, to which he submitted with the
best possible grace, as he dare not refuse, although this left
us nearly destitute.
As he was under the necessity of supplying the deficiency
in some way, he went back to the Desmoines River, in Iowa,
with Isaac Allred, to raise money and provisions by labor, or,
as I have reason to believe, by some measures less honorable,
under the direction of the " Danites," to which clan I believe
my husband belonged. He left with me a girl by the
name of Ellinor Persons, to whom I became much attached.
She was interesting, and became very kind and serviceable
to me.
Wallace came back well supplied early in the winter, but
rendered his return as unpleasant as it otherwise would have
been agreeable, by making an offer of marriage to Ellinor,
who was greatly offended, and left us at once. She was a
noble girl, and like many other Mormon women, rebelled
against spiritual wifeism.
About the middle of the winter we heard from Wallace's
father. In the confusion of leaving Nauvoo, we had become
separated from him, as we had from my own family. His
father was a*. Council Bluffs, ard hearing we were at Garden
Among the Gentiles. 87
Grove, sent Thomas, one of his sons, for us witl a team. I
had heard nothing as yet from my mother, or from any of
my family, and I was glad to go to any place that promised
to bring me nearer them.
We started with Thomas in the middle of January, and
had a very cold journey. We arrived at Council Bluffs at
the end of two weeks, where we were well received by my
father-in-law and his family. They lived about one mile from
the main " stake," which was called Kanesville. This was
the head-quarters of Mormonism at that time. The Prophet
was there, and unnumbered hosts of Mormons were going and
coming — some forming new " stakes " ahead, or further to the
north or south, and others going on to people them ; while
others still were going on to the far West, to spy out a local-
ity for a permanent home for the Saints. It was yet as un*
certain what direction this vast horde would take, as it might
be where a swarm of bees just upon the wing would hive.
Scouts were sent in every direction, and were returning daily
with various reports, and with conflicting recommendations.
All was yet uncertain, as the Prophet had not yet spoken.
The " oracle " was silent, but would speak in due time, and
when the revelation should come, the masses would move.
In the mean time, the Prophet's ears were over open for in-
formation of some goodly land, far off and well protected
against " Gentile " intrusion, where he could hive the swarm-
ing hordes of his people, which an uninterrupted emigration
and the swift reproduction of spiritual wifeism were gathering
about him at Kanesville.
Those who remained at the " stakes " were l.usilv omploved
88 Fifteen Yeabs among the Mormons.
in raising grain for present use, and to lay up in store for the
coming masses, while many, whose " talents " fitted them for
the service, were sent back to Missouri, and other points in
the States, to buy horses and cattle, and other property with
" bogus " money, or to procure them as best they could.
This service was mostly performed by the " Danites."
I was glad to hear once more from my mother and family,
which I did at this time. It appears they had arrived at
Kanesville the previous summer, and had joined a " stake "
further north, on the Running Water River, and from there,
had moved to Weston, Missouri, where they were supposed
to be still. I was anxious to see them, but as I was about to
become a mother again, it was impossible for me to under-
take such a journey. I had never felt so much the need of
my mother as at this point of my life, for I saw that which
convinced me that Wallace was about to take another wife.
More Wives. 89
CHAPTER IX.
MORE WIVES
In order that my readers may have no difficulty in under-
standing the true position of the parties referred to in this
cdapter, and other parts of this book, I have to state, that
among the Mormons the act of " making love," as it is
termed, is not confined to the male portion of the Church, but
that every unmarried woman has the same right, and she is
expected to exeicise it with the same freedom as the opposite
sex, with this difference : that while the female is at liberty to
decline an offer of marriage made by a man, he is not at
liberty to decline an offer coming fiora a woman, against
whose ability for child-bearing there rests no well grounded
doubt, except it may be the single exception, which no Mor-
mon of spirit would be likely to plead in bar of matrimony,
viz. : that he has already more wives than he can support.
Hence it will be seen the husband may be placed in an un-
pleasant position by the system of double wifeism as well as
the wife, whenever the enamored fair ones may choose to take
advantage, in earnest, of this continuous leap-year. And this
they often do, without incurring the suspicion of immod«
It seldom occurs, however, if indeed it ever does, that the
90 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
subjects of such proposals, made by lady lovers, consider
themselves " persecuted ;" but it oftener happens that they
take advantage of this liberty among the unmarried women
to justify themselves within the home circle for bringing
home another wife.
We had been at Kanesville but a short time, when I
learned one day from Wallace that Harriet, the girl he at
tempted to marry at Garden Grove, was living with her
father near us, and still unmarried.
This gave me great uneasiness, as I saw he had not given
up the idea of marrying her One night he came home,
and said he had been to see Harriet, that while passing
her father's house she had called him in, and claimed her
right of marriage under the principle explained above. In
short, had " proposed " in form, and threatened to report him
to the Heads of the Church if he did not submit to her rea-
sonable demand.
Wallace sat down by me, and expressed great concern, that,
as I was about to be sick, the excitement of his marriage would
have a dangerous influence upon me. He said, " I dare not
refuse to marry her ; the Prophet will take away my license
(as preacher), and may be my head. Besides, it is time you
had given up these jealous notions. You shall always be
mistress here, and Harriet as your servant, and it will make
no difference in my attachment to you, or in your rights.
You must some day submit, and it will be as easy now as
ever."
I rejected his cruel reasoning with what force of woman's
wit and will I could, and backed these, in the end, by tears.
More Wives. 91
I refused to receive another wife into the house, and I think I
should ha 7e prevented it if no one else had interfered with us ;
but it is impossible for a Mormon man with one wife to
escape from the ridicule of -his associates. The next day
Wallace was telling some of them what I had said, and they
laughed at him beyond measure. Some of them said their
iirst wives had talked in the same way, but came into the
arrangement when they found they must. They told him he
had nothing to do but to take home his new wife when I was
confined, and by the time I was well again he would find me
reconciled. Wallace accordingly told me he had concluded
to bring Harriet home the next day. He said, " I have
waited longer than any other man in the Church would have
done for you to become satisfied." And when I told him I
thought it would kill me if he did,, he replied, " Then you
will die a martyr, and shall wear a martyr's crown."
It was too horrible. I was put to bed immediately, and
when I was again conscious of passing events, they told me
my child was dead — that its mother's agony had crushed
back its little breath before it saw the light. It was some
time before my overtaxed and exhausted frame rallied suffi-
ciently to enable me to comprehend the exact state of my
household. I soon discovered that Harriet was present, and
although she did not presume to approach me, I compre-
hended she was anxious to treat me kindly, and wished
to appease my resentment. It was not many days before I
understood, and how I hardly knew, that she occupied a bed
within reach of mine, with Wallace. One morning, wh<«n I
had just opened my eyes, after a calm sleep, which had
92 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
restored my clouded mind to a clear self-possession, and I was
feeling the keenest pleasure in bathing ray hand in the warm
sunlight which streamed within my reach under the half-
drawn window-curtain, my eye fell upon them — upon "Wal-
lace and Harriet, in the bed near me, apparently just awake.
I think I must have glared upon them wildly, for Wallace
was frightened, and when I fell back with a groan after find-
ing myself too weak to rise, he put his hand upon my head,
from his place beside Harriet, for he was so near me as that,
and said, " Poor, poor Ettie, I am afraid she will never sub-
mit to the will of the Prophet. This doctrine will hill her."
I mustered what strength I could, and moved beyond his
reach to the further side of the bed, and turned my back upon
them without a word. From that time I closed my eyes to
their movements — I would not see them. I was too weak to
contend against numbers, and I could not submit. I sternly
strove to calm 'myself, and I succeeded. T was determined
not to die a martyr."
Harriet was greatly humbled and disappointed. She
attempted to put herself right with me ; she said one day to
me, " how can you feel so ? I do not towards you. I acknow-
ledge you as first here, and expect to be second to you in
Eternity." She said many other things, I do not care to
repeat here. I recovered slowly but surely, and was about the
house much sooner than I expected.
When I felt equal to the effort, I took occasion to test my
influence with Wallace. I asked him if he would take me to
Weston, where my mother was supposed to be. He asked
me if I would come back, I told him not at once, as T wished
More Wives. 93
to remain awhile. We had a long conversation jpon the sub-
ject Harriet was present ; I had as yet never recognized her
as being in the house. She made some remark to Wallace,
to which I replied by asking her what business she had with
my husband. This turned the conversation upon her ; and I
took occasion to administer to her, what force of ridicule I
could command. She was soon in tears, I pitied the poor
girl, but did not spare. Wallace attempted to interfere, for
Harriet's protection, with but small comfort to her. As a
compromise, he agreed, as soon as I was well enough to ride,
he would take me to Weston.
I was anxious to get away, and the next week we started.
Wallace procured his father's horse and buggy, which for
that country, was a very comfortable arrangement. Although
I was better prepared to receive medical treatment, than
to undertake such a journey, we started. Our course was
down the left bank of the Missouri River, I soon repented my
folly in making the attempt. We had not gone far when I
began to feel uncomfortable, and grew sicker every moment
we advanced ; till at the end of twenty miles, I began to
vomit. There was no house near, and Wallace selected a
favorable place, by a small streamlet, in a pleasant wood, for
an encampment. Taking me out of the buggy, he arranged
the seat, and buffalo skin, in such a manner that I could lie
down. He then gathered wood, and built a fire, and made
me some tea, this revived me very much, and I ate some
crackers, and was very comfortable.
He then prepared to spend the night, by securing his horse
near by, and feeding him with some grain we had with ua,
1)4 Fifteen 5Tears among- the Mormons
and getting together a good quantity of wood. As we had
taken the forethought to bring provisions and blankets, we
made a very comfortable night of it. In the morning I felt
much better. "We were now quite in doubt, whether to re-
turn or go on. Wallace was anxious to go back ; urging
that I needed rest and quiet, before I could perform the
journey. I was forced to admit this was perhaps true.
On the other hand, I was the more anxious to advance. This
was the second time I had set out to find my mother, and I
could not bear the thought of riding twenty miles back, how-
ever hard it might be to go forward.
We therefore broke up camp, and journeyed on. I sood
found I was growing worse. I recollect that my head began
to ache, and finally a high fever set in; And I have but
little more remembrance of what passed. At intervals, I
was conscious of riding, and jolting onwards, and then all was
lost to me.
Wallace, as he afterwards said, saw the necessity of hurry-
ing on to some house. How far it might be to one, he had
no means of knowing. Towards night, he arrived at the
Nishnebatona River, a branch of the Missouri, coming fron?
the north east. There was a ferry kept there by a family
living on the other side. The place was known as Allen'*
Perry. It was spring, and the streams were high ; but aftei
some delay, we were ferried over, and he applied to the family
to take care of his wife. He drove up to the door, and his
summons was answered by my brother Howard, of whose
whereabouts we had heard nothing since our separation at
Nauvoo. Howard, who kept the ferry, and Martha his wife,
' More Wives. 95
were greatly moved at finding nie ; especially as I was unable
to recognize them. The delirium left me the next day. I
had fallen into a calm sleep near morning : and when I awoke
I found my brother and Martha near me. I was very near
going mad again, before I understood where I was, and how I
came there ; and when I fully comprehended that I was safe,
and with my own family once more, I was very happy.
My first inquiry after regaining my self-possession, was for
my mother, whom I had not noticed among my friends. I
had suffered so much myself, and had so often barely escaped
death since my separation from her, that I felt an undefined
fear that she might have fallen a victim, in her old age, to
this cruel migration ; and I dreaded to make the inquiry.
But I was soon happily relieved from further apprehension,
by learning she was, as we had heard before, at Weston,
Missouri, and was well. This gave me great joy. Howard
and Martha were yet looking upon me in astonishment.
u How much the child has changed," said Howard, " she was
so young and joyous and healthy. What a wreck ! Can
this be the fruit of Mormonism ? Nettie, has Wallace misused
you."
I made no reply. My mind turned to the dark past, as to a
horror, a bare mention of which might bring it back to me
again. I shuddered with such evident fear, that Howard saw
•.he necessity of dropping the subject; and Martha hovered about
me, with such kindly and soothing attention, that after giving
me some gruel, and bringing some tea, which I tasted ; I was
•oon dozing pleasantly, though but half asleep I tried to
keep enough awake, to enjoy my new sense of security My
96 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
whole soul, unbent its overworked energies ; and all my senses
nestled themselves into quiet rest. Not an unconscious sleep,
but a recuperative unknitting of the mental and physicial
forces. I fain would have existed always thus. My ycuth,
and flexible constitution, which, though quick to bend, was
loth to break, had triumphed, and I needed but this continued
quiet, to brace me up again ; perhaps for an equally bitter
future. I gathered from the whispered invectives in which
Martha from time to time indulged against Wallace, that I
had been talking in my delirium of him, and of Harriet, and
of spiritual wifeism.
Wallace soon came in, and asked if I was better; and as
Martha would not answer him, I replied to his question, and
he came to the bed. He asked me if I had been telling
Martha about Harriet. He appeared very penitent, and
begged I would overlook the past. He promised to go for
my mother and sister Lizzie, which he said he could do in
a little over a week; I urged him to do so. I had been
separated from them now over two years.
He set out the next morning for Weston, and I waited his
return with the greatest anxiety. After a few days, when I
was somewhat restored, I had a long talk and a full under-
standing with Howard as to my past suffering, and its connec-
tion with Mormonism. I told him all. Howard was a con-?
scientious Mormon.
After listening to me with great patience, and thinking the
matter over for a long time, he said, "Mormonism is true.
Joseph Smith was a prophet of God, else how did he heal
my broken leg; ani how was my mother healed? How
More Wives. 97
have others been healed, and how have his prophecies been
fulfilled! Your husband has not done right. This is not
Mormonism."
" But," said I, " Wallace has obeyed ' counsel.' David
Fulmer, President of the Stake, has counselled him to steal
and rob ; and he has stolen and robbed. Fulmer has coun-
selled him to take another wife, and he has taken one."
"But," said he, "you will find when you see Brigham
Young, that Mormonism differs from that. It is not true that
such crimes are countenanced by the Church."
I am satisfied that at that time Howard would have de-
nounced Mormonism, had he known to what it was leading.
I am equally satisfied he has since known of the existence
not only of these crimes, and their practice by direction or
"counsel," as it is called, of the Prophet; but has actually ac-
knowledged the spiritual wife doctrine, by attempting to take
another himself; which, up to the time I left Salt Lake, Martha
had prevented by driving the " new wife " out of the house.
Wallace returned from Weston without my mother. It
was impossible for her to come and see me; but she was
well ; and had my sister Lizzie with her, as also my youngest
brother Uriah. My brother George and sister Sarah had
both fallen victims to the hardships of the migration, and
were both dead; while William had gone with the Mormon
Battalion* to fight for the United States in Mexico, and
• The raising of this battalion by the Mormons, at the requisition
of the United States Government, was, at the time, and has been
pince, greatly lauded, as an act of patriotism, often cited as an evi-
dence of Mormon loyalty and good faith. As to which see a well
5
98 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
whether yet alive or not, was at this time unknown to my
mother. We soon after heard of his death.
This was the first full and certain intelligence I had
received from the family, since our terrible separation at
Nauvoo. It was certain two had fallen, and how many more
of us were to be overborne by the demands of Mormonism
upon us, and its increasing hardships, the future alone could
reveal. We now for the first time fully realized the sacrifices
we had made for the Church. Our family was widely scat-
tered, and falling victims, one by one, in different localities,
yet none bethought him, that Mormonism was a delusion.
Wallace represented my mother as mourning the fate of her
family, and the loss of her fine property, yet clinging to her
belief in the Prophet and his teachings, as implicitly as she
did the day she was restored to hearing.
Wallace had promised my mother that he would take me
to Weston as soon as I was able to ride, and the prosiect
of seeing her cheered me and hastened my recovery. Of
course he did not tell her how he had treated me, or that he
had taken another wife.
written and appreciative article, entitled "The Mormons," pages
615-16 of Harper's Magazine for April, 1853.
But Elder Hyde has let us into the secret of this apparent loyalty
to the Government, at p. 143 of his book, in the following graphic
lines. Speaking of the aims of the Mormon leaders, he says :
" Their design they desire to cloak under a sham patriotism. The
United States offered $20,000 bounty money, and Brigham recruited
a regiment; persuaded, commanded them to leave their families,
many of them perfectly destitute, and join General Scott's army then
ui Mexico, and they obeyed"
Moke Wives. 99
About a week after this, Wallace asked me, in presence of
Howard, when we should go home, and Howard replied that
he could go home whenever he chose, but that I was not
going with him. Wallace asked me if that was so, and I
told him I could not go then, if for no other reason than that
I was not strong enough yet ; what I should do after that, I
^ould not say. Wallace, therefore, returned to Council
Bluffs without me, and I was left with no care upon my
hands but my health ; which was slowly improving. And
yet, as I had not given up my husband entirely, the reflection
that he had returned to Harriet, and that she had him all to
herself, at times annoyed me. I sometimes felt I was willing
to give him up, and tried to convince myself I had done so.
But only those who have been similarly situated can appreci-
ate my position.
100 Fifteen Yeabs among the Mormonr.
CHAPTER X.
RECONCILED — FINDING MT MOTHER.
Another month elapsed before we heard again from Wal-
lace. I had nearly recovered once more my accustomed
tone of health, and life was no longer a burthen to me. If
my readers will recollect that at this time I was Jess than
eighteen years of age, they will not be surprised that a strong
constitution, and a naturally buoyant temperament so soon
triumphed over the ills of the past ; and I trust my youth
and my attachment as a wife, may be deemed a sufficient
explanation of the course I afterwards pursued in relation to
my husband.
One dark and rainy night, just as the family were prepar-
ing for bed, Wallace knocked at the door. Howard opened
it, and seeing who it was bid him come in.
I knew his rap almost by instinct, notwithstanding I was
determined not to recognize him as my husband. And yet
some secret impulse told me, that his appearance at such
a time, was an evidence of returning good faith on his part ;
and my woman's heart secretly, and in spite of my resolution,
applauded this act of devotion to me. I felt that could I
but know he had given up Harriet, I would gladly receive
Reconciled — Finding my Motber. 101
him back ; and then the .dark cloud of the past intervened
and sealed my lips. When Howard asked him to come in,
Martha said, " If he does, I will go out, the trifling scamp.
Let him go back to his spiritual mistress. He cannot come
here."
I said not a word. My heart and my judgment struggled
in opposition for the mastery. Wallace stood at the door,
the most forlorn object I had ever seen. He was dripping
wet, with the rain still beating upon him. It was one of
those cold, chilling storms, which are liable to come any
time of the year, creeping into the very bones, which had
found him unprepared, as he had no overcoat. Howard
faltered about admitting him, and as I did not interfere, he
turned to Martha, and said, " I think this man is not as bad
as we supposed. It is this Mormonism that has made the
trouble ; it is hard on women at the best."
" And harder still on the men, unless they are like ada-
mant," said Wallace.
" What shall we do ?" asked Howard of Martha.
Wallace then said partly to me, "If we are to separate,
I think it necessary to talk it over, and have matters fully
understood. I should like to see Ettie alone."
Howard then told him he could go into the front room
and say to me what he wished, and that he must then leave,
to which Martha tacitly consented. I accordingly went with
him. He was greatly distressed. I asked him as to Harriet.
He protested he had not seen her since I had ; and said he
never intended to leave me for her. He gave every evidence
of sincerity. Finally, he said, " I wish to know if you intend
102* FiPTFEN TeAKS AMONG THE MORMONS.
to return with me. I will ask you to live with me no longer
than I treat you well; and when I get another wife, you
shall be free to go. I have abandoned Harriet fcrever, and
will take no other wife. Mormonism shall not separate us
again."
How could I refuse to accept his promises ? I did accept
them, and engaged to go back to Council Bluffs with him
the next morning; I pitied and believed him. All I had
ever asked at his hands was that he should abandon his
spiritual wifeism; otherwise, I was content with him. He
had not eaten a mouthful since morning, and I offered to get
him some supper, but he refused to accept it, and said he
would not eat in the house. He then left me.
There was but one other house near, and this afforded him
the only hope of getting in for the night. Strange as it may
seem, his present suffering endeared him still more to me ;
and I fain would have protected him from further exposure
to the storm, if he had allowed me to make his peace with
Martha.
Martha was a good and kindly woman, when excited by
no wrong that was crying for redress ; but she had a soul
of greatness, and a will of iron. I take pleasure in making
this mention of her, as she was of great service to me after-
wards in Salt Lake, and I would do anything in my power
to assist her to escape from the cruel bondage she is suffer-
ing in common with all Mormon women there.
Wallace left the house without speaking to the other
inmates, giving Martha, as she 6aid afterwards, a look of
defiance.
.Reconciled — Finding my Mother. 103
I awoke the next morning early, and joyously made ar-
rangements for the journey. When I told Martha I waa
about to leave her, and try Wallace once more, she was out
of all patience with me, and said I could not fail to regret it,
but added, after a moment's reflection, as if she thought she
had said too much, "After all, I must acknowledge he is
good-looking, and I am sorry I can offer you no greater
encouragement."
Howard said nothing, as he had before advised me not to
go with him. I was ready for a start when Wallace came,
as I knew it would embarrass him if he was delayed, as he
was not on speaking terms with the household. Howard
and Martha wished us well, and we set out in good spirits.
It was fine weather, and the going excellent, and we arrived
about three o'clock in the afternoon at the only house be-
tween the Nishnebatona and Council Bluffs. We therefore
put up for the night; we had driven about twenty miles.
The place was off the road in a very pleasant location, and
was occupied by an old man and his wife, who entertained
us in a very acceptable manner. After a late dinner, we
took a walk up th(* stream, which is known as Key Creek,
Wallace taking his rifle. We found the game plenty, and
were very successful. I shot two squirrels and, among other
things, Wallace shot a wild turkey.
While dressing the next morning, Wallace accidentally
left his belt in my room ; it was the one he wore around his
body under his clothing; which I examined without liis
knowing it, and found it to contain about three hundred dol-
lars of bogus money. This did not surprise me, as I had sua-
104 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
pected it before, and T knew the authorities of the Church,
if they did not manufacture it themselves, directed it to be
done by others
We had a fine breakfast of the game killed by us the even-
ing previous, and as we had ample time to get home that
day, we concluded to have another hunt, as this was a favor-
able locality for it. Wallace borrowed a horse of the old
gentleman, and I rode our pony, and we had a fine ride on
horseback over the prairie, and through the timber that
skirted the banks of the creek. It seemed to me that I had
just escaped from a long confinement in some pent up town.
The open sky, and pure breath of the prairie, and the mellow
sunlight, cheered my glad soul, now free from anguish.
I shot at a prairie wolf, and wounded it, which we after-
wards ran down, and Wallace captured it. This closed our
hunt, and at eleven o'clock we continued our journey. We
arrived at home in good time that night.
The discovery I had made as to the bogus money in the
belt of Wallace, sharpened my curiosity, and I took occasion
to watch his movements and all connected with him. I
made it convenient, as I had an opportunity a few days after
this, to question Joseph Young, brother of the Prophet, about
it. I commenced by telling him I thought he had given
WaHace more than his share of bogus money. The men
who had the management of such matters were generally
very cautious about telling the women of t. Brother Joseph,
thrown off his guard, replied,
"Did he get me a span of horses?"
I told him I did not know but he bought one for himself.
.Reconciled — Finding my Mother. 105
u Yes, yes," said brother Joseph, thinking I knew all ibout
it, as some of the wives of the Prophet did ; " he can frjll the
bogus any time to the Missourians, if he wishes, and they
cannot detect us. If they do, we shall soon be beyond their
reach. We must help ourselves this year to a good outfit for
crossing the plains ; and, next spring and summer, we shall
be off and beyond their reach, and they can whistle."
I thus ascertained positively what I had long suspected.
I went home knowing that my husband was a thief and a
counterfeiter, if not something worse than either ; but I could
not believe the great body of the Church had endorsed all
these crimes ; the very enormity of them seemed to prove it
impossible ; and yet, individuals high in" the confidence of
the Prophet had, in more than one instance, not only recog-
nized but had counselled these practices.
My life at this time passed very pleasantly, when not em-
bittered by thinking upon what I knew to be the employment
of my husband. Our house was the resort of what was called
the best society in the Church, and was enlivened by play*
and dancing parties, for which the Mormons, as a community,
are greatly distinguished. These are recommended to keep
up the spirits of the women and, perhaps, to drown the recol-
lection of crimes among the men. But it is proper I should
say that, whatever is approved by the Prophet is not regarded
as a crime. I was determined, for myself, to put up with
everything but spiritual wifeism; and, as long as Wallace
did not bring home another wife I was cor/ent.
One day, soon after this, a man came to our house, who
was unknown to me, and had a ong conversation with Wal
5*
106 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
lace. The subject of their interview seemed to be on* of
great importance and secresy. After the stranger had left,
Wallace told me it was necessary for us to move to St. Jo-
seph, Mo. ; that he was going there by direction, and in the
Bervice of the Church, and was to keep a boarding-house to
accommodate the Mormons in that State, doing business dis-
guised as " Gentiles."
The reader will not be surprised to know, what I soon
learned to be true, that this " business " was selling bogus
money, and buying with it various kinds of property needed
by the Church, and forwarding it to Council Bluffs.
We packed up in a short time, and moved to that place,
where we rented a large dwelling near the Cou/t-house.
Wallace took with him his sister Abbe, as he said he should
be gone from home more or less, and he would not ask me
to stay alone with the kind of company we should have at
our house. The goers and comers at our boarding establish-
ment purported to be " Gentiles," from various parts of the
Union : New Orleans, New York, Boston, and other places,
en route for California or Oregon, as some of them were ; but
they were mostly Mormons from Council Bluffs. The latter
would land in the night from the river, where Wallace would
meet and bring them to our house, and the next morning
introduce them as being from some other direction. They
would, one by one, privately disperse themselves over the
country to prosecute their unlawful traffic, and generally came
and went in the night. Our house soon came to be the
resort of a precious set of rogues ; among whom Wallace was
quite at home. Horse thieving an \ gambling appeared to be
Reconciled — Finding my Mother. 107
a part of the regular business of these men, which they had
reduced to a system.
The notorious gamblers of this region, among the Gentiles,
somewhat famed about this time, stood no chance with this
band of Mormons ; for while they were professedly strangers,
they had a system of secret signs by which they were under-
stood by each other, and they could thus play into the hands
of their friends unsuspected.
The horses, and other booty purchased or stolen, was for-
warded at once to Kanesville, and was there received by Or-
son Hyde, who, after assorting it, forwarded it on to the plains,
or made such disposition of it as would place it beyond the
reach of the Gentiles, in case suspicion should be directed to-
wards them. Orson Hyde is one of the " Twelve Apostles,"
and is often in the States. There are now many persons liv-
ing by whom these facts can be proved.
The bogus money used by these men, was mostly made at
Nauvoo ; but I have heretofore mentioned that the press used in
its manufacture was taken west, and on to Salt Lake in the
wagon of Peter Hawse, and was at this time at Kanesville.
This man, Hawse, is now living on Humbolt River, west of
Great Salt Lake City.
Although at this time I was treated kindly by Wal-
lace, I was not allowed to associate with the "Gentiles,"
or even speak to them. I had no associates of my own
sex except Abbe ; and forced as I was to know of the crimes
that were being daily committed under my own roof, I was
nearly wild with horror, not only with the crimes themselves,
108 Fifteen Yeaks among the Mormons
but with the fear of the detection I felt must surely come
sooner or later. It was generally understood, that if we were
recognized as Mormons, and our business detected, nothing
could save us from the mob, which had driven our Church
from the States a few years previous. Our lives must in that
case pay the forfeit. Oppressed with all these fearful embar-
rassments, I besought Wallace to take me to see my mother,
who lived but thirty miles from us. He had promised repeat-
edly to do so, but first one thing, and then another had pre-
vented, and now I was not to be put off. Wallace consented
to let me go in the stage alone, as his " business " required
his personal attention at home. He gave me to understand,
that I would do well to exercise care. Not to associate with
" Gentiles " during ray absence, or make to them, or any one,
indiscreet disclosures of what I knew. "For," said he,
"friends of the Church will be near you at all times ;" and I
found this strictly true. I arrived at Weston about four o'clock
in the afternoon of the day I left home ; and as the stage
stopped at the door of the hotel, a stranger presented himself,
and asked if Mrs. Henderson was inside. As I answered to
that name, he handed me a note from Wallace, as follows :
"The bearer is my friend, who will take you to your
mother's." This " friend " took me to a room in the hotel,
and asked me to remain there until he could get a carriage.
He very soon returned with one, and set out with me for my
mother's, who lived, he said, about one mile from the village,
We at length arrived at a long, low house, at which we
stopped. Tt stood upon an elevated spot of ground and near
the road. I asked my strange conductor if that w-is
Keconciled — Finding my Mother. 109
where my brother and sister died. H< said, he presumed it
was, as my mother lived there. What a tumult of new emo-
tions ! I was to find once more my mother, after so lc/ng a
separation ; but I was not to find my sister, nor brother with
her ; but Lizzie and Uriah were left. The man called at the
door, and asked for Mrs. Coray, and when she came, I did
not recognize the bent old woman as my mother. She was
prematurely bowed by the hardships of the past ; and not un-
til we were near each other, was the recognition mutual.
Lizzie knew me at once, and I was happy once more with
the loved ones of my childhood.
None but a child can appreciate the joy I had of pouring
into a mother's ear the story of my wrongs, and sufferings.
She wished to know at once if Wallace had taken a " spirit*
ual " wife ; and I told her all, at least all that concerned my-
self, and all I dared to tell of the corruptions of the Church.
My story told, with many tears, and listened to with an-
guish, and her own hardly the less painful to me, tore all our
hearts with grief.
Uriah soon came in, and I found him almost a man, whom
I had last seen a small boy. It was several days before wo
had a full hearing of each other's experiences.
When I told mother that I suspected Wallace was a bad
man, and was engaged in a manner I dare not whisper even
to her, she asked, u has he been killing Missourians ? I have
heard something of this. They say some of our Church have
been seeking revenge upon them ; and that some have suc-
ceeded in taking it; but I am not at liberty to tell you. I
have overheard something that Brigham Young should
110 Fifteen Years among the M3rmons.
know ; and he must know it, or our Church will be regarded
as a band of thieves and murderers."
I saw my mother, like Howard, had full confidence in the
Heads of the Church, and I began to fall into their way of
thinking, that when the Prophet understood what had been
done, and what crimes were being practised in his name,
he would condemn and punish the wrong doers. I was satisfied
she knew something of which she had given me no hint, and
[ was sure I had not told her all I knew, for I dare not do it.
My mother would not even yield to the belief, that Brother
Brigham would in the end approve the spiritual wife doctrine,
and she would not acknowledge that Brother Joseph ever
did.
I found my mother's life had not been entirely free from
adventure since our separation, as the following story told by
her will show.
It appears, as before intimated, that after arriving at Coun-
cil Bluffs, she had moved, with about fifty other families to a
" stake " on the Running Water River, to a point some ninety
miles northwest of Council Bluffs, where they remained one
winter. This is the home of the Puncah Indians, and is a
fine open prairie country. They had built a fort on the bank
of the river, at a j>oint hemmed in by bold bluffs, which clus-
tered in «, sort of circle back and above of the little plain on
which the dwellings were built. The latter were arranged
in two rows along the river bank. There was no escape by
*and from the plain on which the little village stood, except
up these bluffs, the ascent of which was difficult at the best.
The water in the river was deep and ran very swift, so swift
Keconciled — Finding my Mother. Ill
indeed, as to render crossing at this point almost impos-
sible.
" One evening," said my mother, " late in the fall, I was
quietly putting things to rights at home, and the boys were
yet in the streets, where they had been playing ball until it
grew too dark to see, when Uriah rushed into the house, say-
ing, " the bluffs are all on fire." I went to the door, and was
startled to find our little settlement in the greatest peril. The
prairies were on fire. The flames, driven by a fierce wind,
had just arrived at the brink of the bluffs, down which they
were now tumbling in fearful proximity to our dwellings. We
were within a semicircle of fire, every moment narrowing to-
wards the centre, which nothing, to all human appearance,
could stay, until checked by its arrival at the river. And the
river, we had no means of crossing, as it was too swift and
deep. It is impossible to describe the confusion of our little
community, thus suddenly awakened from calm security to a
frightful sense of impending destruction, which had burst upon
us as unexpectedly as it was now inevitable. The first alarm
vented itself in a wild yell of horror from an hundred throats.
But even these yells were scarcely audible above the loud roar
of the approaching flames. A few moments were sufficient
to bring men and women to their senses, and then a few cool
men suggested, while all were glad to obey in anything that
promised succor. There was not room between the fire and
the dwellings, or between the latter and the river, to protect
ourselves in the usual way, by seting the grass on fire and let it
pass, nor time for either. Some who were sufficiently daring,
conceived the idea of swimming the river, which was perhaps
112 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
possible for a few, but of course could afford no relief to the
women and children, except so far as drowning was better than
burning. Others proposed to wet blankets and run through the
flames with these over their persons, which was practicable
for the strong men, but was not to the great mass.
" The better judgment, and that which prevailed was, not
to attempt to save the property, except that which could be
easily moved, but to collect all the inhabitants under the
bank of the river, which was not high, below where the heat of
the dwellings would be felt, as there the exposure would be only
to the heat of the grass, and this could last but a few minutes,
and then to wet all the blankets and clothing in the river, and
cover the living mass with these as best we could.
"This plan it was believed, would save the life of every mem*
ber of the community, though at the expense of nearly every
thing else. Preparations were accordingly made at once. The
women and children were got together, with wet blankets and
bedding at hand, close to the water's edge, ready for the last
emergency. Then prayers were hurriedly said ; and astonish-
ing as it may seem, just then the wind veered a little, and
then a little more, until it blew down the river, instead of
driving on to the dwellings.
" Then every arm was nerved to save the village. The fire
was already near a few of the buildings, but by great effort
its further spread was stayed. Several men died a few days
after, from the excitement and over-exertion in saving the
dwellings. The blankets already wet were found very" service-
able in protecting the houses.
44 The building containing the powder, was but a few rods
Reconciled — Finding my Mother. 113
from the fire at the moment the wind changed ; and thus a
greater calamity was perhaps averted, as there was consider-
able powder in it at the time. I soon after left this " stake,"
and came here, as I had learned from this how uncertain
such a life of isolation might become, under extreme cir-
cumstances."
This story of my mother, and others which she told me,
illustrated how much she had sacrificed to her belief in the
Prophet, but neither of us then imagined that this was but
the beginning of our rough experiences in border life.
IH Fifteen Years among the Mormonb.
CHAPTER XI.
THE FAMILY BROKEN UP.
I was very happy with my mother. I was a free and jov-
ous child again, and my mother said, as I was not yet of age,
and as Wallace had taken me without her consent, he had no
right to me now. We had made up our minds not to sepa-
rate again, and I wrote to Wallace after I had been at home
about four weeks, that he need not come after me, as I did
not intend to return to the " boarding "-house. As soon as
he received my letter, he came. He arrived at our house
late at night, and riding up to the door, struck it with
his whip. I knew it was him at once, and went to the door.
Without getting off his horse, he asked in a loud, boisterous
voice, if I was ready to go home. I thought best to treat him
well, and I asked Uriah if he would put Wallace's horse in
the barn ; and he replied " yes, and himself too, if he wishes,
that will be the proper place for both."
Wallace saw by this that my family knew of his past con-
duct, and did not attempt to conciliate them. The next morn-
ing, pleading my promise that I would live with him until he
took a spiritual wife again, he claimed that I was under ob-
ligations to go home. I dare not explain to my mother fully,
The Family Broken Up. 115
how matters stood at the boarding-house, and I thought as
we were still among Gentiles, and did not know what course
Wallace might take to injure us among them, that I had bet-
ter return with him, which I accordingly did.
When we arrived at home, we found the house full of
boarders — fuller than usual. A mass of goers and comers in
masks, whose business Wallace knew, and whom I soon learned
to recognize as Mormons, mingled with innocent strangers,
ignorant of the risk they ran in coming to our house,
which, by this time, had acquired a wide reputation as a
general boarding-house. We had plenty of money, and to a
degree never before or since known to me, was everything I
wished at my command. I should have been well contented
had I not known the character of our customers, and the
object of our house. Liquors of the rarest brands, and every
accompaniment of the most costly entertainments, were served
daily at our table. But I am bound to say in simple justice,
.hat these luxuries, and facilities for dissipation, were not for
the entertainment of Mormons, who were for the most part
men of simple tastes. They were designed to entrap stran-
gers, and to allure their victims, as well as to call there the
class of men known as professed gamblers. Wallace, during
all this time, and while I knew him, was in no way addicted
to strong drink ; in fact, I never knew of his drinking at all.
The great body of Mormons were now preparing to move
on to the west Deputations had "been sent out, and had
brought back glowing accounts of the Utah Valley, which
had been selected as the future home of the saints. Great
numbers had already gone, and were still going, and my
116 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
mother had concluded to join the next company, with hei
family. She therefore found it necessary to go on to Council
Bluffs immediately, in order to avail herself of the best facili-
ties for making the journey, as that was the head-quarters of
the Church, this side the plains. On her way she called upon
us, and I bid her adieu again — for how long a time I knew
not. It was a sad thing to part again with my mother, so
soon after I had found her. If she went on to the valley, I
could not expect to see her until I had made the same journey
myself, and I was not sure that I wished to make it.
After this I became more disgusted than ever with our
way of life. I went to bed one night, intending to have a
talk with Wallace when he came. He did not, however,
come in till near morning, and when he did, I told him I
could not bear the confusion and wickedness of this kind of
company any longer. That if he wished to keep boarders,
there were Gentiles enough he could get to make him a good
business. But as for the rest, I would expose his villainy if
longer continued. Wallace said he was in the service of the
Church, and referred me to the revelation of brother Joseph
Smith, who authorized the formation of the band of men
known as " Danites." That it was necessary, in order to pro-
cure an outfit for the poor " saints," now waiting to go on to
the valley. That anything that was for the good of the
Church, was right. I said so much to him, however, that the
next morning he discharged his Mormon boarders, and thus
their head-quarters was broken up ; at least, I saw no more
of them. I had reason to believe that Wallace still cooper-
ated with them.
The Family Broken Up. 117
Wallace came in one day, and said he was going to Jack-
son county, Mo., upon " business " connected with the Church :
and as he sat down and counted over a large amount of money,
which I knew to be "bogus," I was well satisfied as to its
nature. He named several persons who were Mormons, as
intending to go with him : and about this time Mr. Mo wry, a
Mormon from Kanesville brought me a letter from Uriah, say-
ing my mother was very sick : and that if I wished to see her
again, I had better come out at once. As Wallace intended
to be gone some time, he consented to my going. Accordingly
we both left home : he upon his " mission " to Jackson county,
ind I for Kanesville, in company with Mr. Mowry and his. wife,
who were on their return. We had a very pleasant journey ;
Mr. Mowry was an honest Mormon, and believed as I had
been taught, that when we were all gathered into " Our Zion,"
is Utah, it was said would be to us, all the wrongs of which
we complained in our present scattered and isolated condition
would be righted. I firmly believed at this time, that Joseph
Smith was a Prophet of the Lord, and that Brigham Young,
as his successor, would not uphold the terrible doctrines now
advocated by many, but that when all were gathered together
as it had been foretold, he would rule the Saints in righteous-
ness. I had made up my mind to rest my faith in Mormon-
»m upon this ; and when I arrived at Salt Lake, if I did not
find things as I had expected, I was determined to return to
thfi States, and abandon Mormonism.
Arrived at Kanesville, I found my mcther much better, in
fact, quite out of danger, and also found my brother Howard
there with his family, with whom mother was living for the
118 Fifteen Years among the Mcrmons
iime My mother was intending to go on to Fort Karney as
soon as she was able to travel, and take boarders from among
the officers of the United States Army there; which she
afterwards did, taking with her Uriah and Lizzie.
Wallace having returned to St. Joseph, sent for me, and I
went home, finding quite a number of Gentile boarders in the
house.
A little circumstance happened a few days after my return,
which, though apparently trivial of itself, yet as it was the
prelude to a friendship, which years afterwards ripened into
something more than a passing acquaintance, I deem it pro-
per to make mention of it here ; although at the time, it made
so little impression upon my mind, that it would have been
entirely forgotten, only that subsequent events made it of
sufficient consequence to be remembered.
It was Sunday and I was alone in the house, and in my
own room, which connected with the front hall. I had thrown
myself upon a large chest under a window, and had fallen
asleep. The weather was very warm. The sash was thrown
open, leaving the window, which was closely covered with a
thick growth of vines, free for the circulation of the air. The
door leading to the hall was partly open, I do not know how
long I had slept, when I felt some one touch my hand, and
supposing it was Wallace, I told him to pull me up, and he
did so : but what was my astonishment, when I looked up, to
find in my room, a tall, fine-looking stranger.
He was under twenty years of age, of engaging address ; and
apologized by saying, he had just landed from the boat, and
was looking for a boarding place. That he had noticed oui
The Family Broken Up 119
sign, and had rapped, but receiving no answer, had stepped
in, as the door was open. I directed him to the parlor, and
Wallace soon coming in, he engaged board. He was on his
way to California, mostly on account of his health. This was
my first introduction to Reuben P. Smith, who years after-
wards, at Salt Lake, became my second husband, though at
this time, it was apparently the most unlikely tiling that
could possibly occur.
It was not long after my return from Kanesville before I
began to hear stories from various sources, mostly from Gen-
tiles, not very creditable to Wallace.
Although Wallace did not allow me to associate with any
other women among our neighbors, yet I heard enough to
convince me my husband was not living up in good faith to
our mutual understanding of the terms on which I had con
sented to live with him again.
It was currently reported that during my absence he had
lived with a squaw, who was in the habit of visiting our
house for food and whatever we had to give her. She was
young and pretty, and had the prettiest Indian baby I had
ever seen.
A Mrs. Robinson, one of our neighbors, called upon me one
day, and told me frankly what she had heard, and said her
husband knew some facts which would convince me how the
matter stood. I was ready to believe almost anything of
Wallace, but this seemed too monstrous, and especially as it
had not the sanction of spiritual wifeism to justify it.
I requested Mrs. Robinson to ask her husband to call,
which he did, and he gave me such facts, connected with
120 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
others which I knew, as to place the case apparently beyond
the shadow of a doubt. Wallace was supposed to be the
father of the Indian girl's pretty baby.
I was now miserable beyond description. I regretted I
had not remained with my mother. I was comparatively
alone, and I felt he was guilty ; but to set the question at rest,
I arranged a plan which would detect him if it was indeed
so. This was an easy matter, as the squaw was in the prac-
tice of coming to the house several times a week. Without
wearying my readers with details, it is sufficient that I say
my plan disclosed more than I was willing to know, and
brought the guilt so home to him, that he acknowledged the
whole. The Indian girl was his spiritual wife, and her child
was his. The Indians, he said, were the sons of the Laman-
ites, recognized by the Prophet.
The day marked by this discovery ended my relation as
wife with Wallace Henderson — a day which he no doubt re-
membered to the end of his life. I told him what he had to
expect from me, and that the thing was ended. That although
my family had gone across the plains, that his father had not,
and he would protect me, as he had repeatedly offered to do.
He wept like a child.
I wrote to his father, and told him all I knew of Wallace,
and I mentioned his connection with the murder of Brown,
the Gentile, at Kanesville, which will be hereafter referred to.
I received an answer from his father in a short time, directing
me to come to his house at once, and bring his daughter
Abbe.
T showed the letter to Wallace and his sister, and the for-
The Family Broken Up. 121
mer agreed to send us to him. Although I had made up my
mind fully what to do, I found it hard at last to break off
forever a relation whic.i, notwithstanding it had been beset
with continued hardship and suffering, and by that peculiar
neglect, which is the last offence a woman knows how to par-
don, yet it had been also mingled at times with joy.
Wallace was more penitent than I had ever known him
before, and had I not been in possession of the best possible
evidence within my own knowledge, the relation would have
been still more difficult to sunder ; and if, during the most
trying periods of it, I faltered, I had but to remind myself of
his sauaw spiritual.
Henry Woodard at this time ran a stage from St. Joseph
to Kanesville, and arrangements were made with him by
Wallace to take us. Reuben P. Smith, before mentioned,
who had until now been a boarder with us, was one of the
passengers. Before we left, Wallace explained to him that
the relation of husband and wife no longer existed between
us, and the reasons for it, saying that it had been his fault,
that he had lost a good wife by his own folly, but that he had
supposed as I was young I would always put up with it, and
at parting asked Smith to take Abbe and myself under his
care until we arrived at his father's. Smith had concluded to
go on to California, and was going first to Kanesville to join,
if possible, some of the Mormon companies which were to
cross the plains the next spring. Two Mormon women were
also in the stage. They were the wives abandoned by Wil-
liam Smith, brother of the "Prophet" Joseph. It will be
recollected that William claimed he should have succeeded
6
122 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
his brother Joseph as Prophet, and when his claim was re-
jected by the election of Brigham Young, he apostatized, and
taking his lawful wife, left to live with her among the Gen-
tiles. These two were his other wives, now on their way to
join the " Saints * at Salt Lake. Elizabeth Pratt was also a
passenger, bound for the same place. She was a daughter of
Anson, and a niece of Orson Pratt, the latter being one of the
Apostles. It will thus be seen that, including the driver
Woodaid, our party consisted of two men and five women.
The Farting — Crossing the Tarkto 123
CHAPTER XII.
THE PARTING CROSSING THE TARKIO.
The morning of our departure from St. Joseph was dark
and rainy — a fitting accompaniment to our act of separation.
The wind sighed and sobbed in mournful harmony with my
own sadness, and the clouds wept as if in sympathy with my
full heart. The highest convictions of right ire not always
sufficient to make the performance of duty easy to us. At
the moment of starting, Wallace begged me not to go ; and
when he saw I could not be moved from my purpose, he
asked Smith to befriend me during the journey.
The stage was a covered omnibus, well adapted to our pur-
pose. We drove fourteen miles, and halted for dinner near
Savannah, at a farmhouse. I could not eat. Abbe went to
the table, and returned to find me crying, and sat down by
me and wept also. She was a good girl, little younger than
myself, but much younger in heart and in life's rough ways.
She held my head, and we sobbed together and her sym-
pathy gave me comfort. She said, " My father will protect
you, and be a father to us both."
Mr. Smith came in and told us that on account of th<
storm, which \\;is increasing, we should not be able to go 01
124 Fifteen Years among the Mormons
that afternoon. This appeared a special misfortune to me.
To be shut up by gloomy weather, with my own gloomy
soul, to brood upon a woe already too great to bear, seemed
beyond the limit of my soul's patience. Such an accumula-
tion of disagreeable elements, from its very intensity, had the
effect, as it often will, of inducing sleep, and when I awoke
near night, I was much improved, and was able to take some
supper.
Abbe and I had a comfortable bed, and we slept well. The
next morning was fair and pleasant, and I began to feel the
joyous spring of life stir within my soul once more. I was very
much interested during our day's drive, with the history the
two wives of William Smith gave of themselves. Their
names were Lucinda Curtis and Anna Rollins. They were still
Mormons, and with the utmost simplicity graphically de-
scribed the arts and deceptions Brother William had used to
bring them to submit to spiritual wifeism, and to keep it
secret, as at that time at Nauvoo it was not publicly acknow-
ledged, or practised even, except by the heads of the Church.
They were both young girls, and their story was heart-rending,
as every Mormon woman's would be if known.
We had a pleasant dinner by the way-side, under a large
tree, which spread its branches over us, as it had often before
protected weary travellers by its shade, and that night put up
at a small log cabin, the only accommodation within our
reach. We found here but one bed fc-r us all, which by com-
mon consent Abbe and I occupied.
The next day we pushed on without accident until we
arrived about sundown at the river Tarkio. Contrary to our
The Parting — Crossing the Tarkio. 125
expectations, we found the water very high by reason of the
late rains. This was not a wide nor swift stream, but was
deep, and was crossed at this point by a wooden bridge The
banks being low, they were now overflown to such a degree
that the river was more than a mile wide, and had the ap-
pearance of a vast lake, covering the bridge entirely, thus
rendering its exact locality uncertain. Our stopping-place
for the night was on the other side of the river, and it became
very important that we should cross at some rate, for if we
remained on the side we then were till morning, it would help
us but little, as the stream being sluggish, it rose and fell but
slowly, and we might be detained for several days, for which
we were by no means prepared.
Woodard, the driver, was a rough, daring man, well
acquainted with the locality, and well used to adventures —
for which he had more taste than for the refinements of
civilized life. His team consisted of three horses — two
abreast, • and one on the lead," as he called it. It was already
near dark, and no time was to be lost. We could see
plainly a large tree, which was known to stand upon the
bank of the river, at the end of the bridge, and just beldw
it. The problem therefore was, to guide the team just to
the right of that tree, and we should probably hit the
bridge, if the water had not swept it away, which was not
likely, as the stream was not swift. A council was called,
and after a hurried discussion it was agreed to put it to the
vote, and let the majority rule. By counting noses, it was
found we stood as follows : of the two men, Woodard was
for going on, and Smith was opposed. Among the women,
126 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
but one was opposed. Then we stood five out of seven foi
going forward, and this decided the matter, and now there
was no time for delay. Elizabeth Pratt voted for the
adventure, but said she knew we should all be drowned : and
Lucinda Curtis said she would not go to the trouble of
saving herself, if she knew she was to go to the bottom,
as she was sure of being the gainer by drowning ; and I
think the poor girl was nearly right, with regard to herself,
and not far wrong as to others of us.
Woodard mounted the leading horse, and directed me to
take the lines as I knew the way, having crossed the river
here repeatedly. He asked Smith to be ready to lend a
hand in case of accident, as occasion might require. We put
the horses under way, heading for the supposed locality of
the submerged bridge. We all felt that to miss the bridge
was to meet our fate at once — that it was simply a question
of good guessing, or sure drowning.
As we advanced, the water grew deeper and the daylight
less. Smith, who sat at my side upon a chest watching the
chances, asked me if I could swim. I told him I thought
not, at least I had never tried. He said he thought in case
of accident he could save three of the women if they would
trust to him, and probably Woodard would be able to save
the others ; hence he thought there was no danger. He told
me to depend upon him. He evidently had no faith in finding
the bridge; and his cool acquiescence in the will of the
majority, and that majority made up of women, and all
against his own judgment, proved not only his generosity,
but that he was a man of courage. I think when we
The Parting — Crossing the Tarkio. 127
were once embarked lie was really the only self-possessed
person in the company, and he rose in our good opinion in the
end as much as he had fallen by his opposition to the rash
attempt.
As we neared the tree not a word was spoken. Each
heart kept its own watch. Just as the leader came nearly
opposite to the tree, Woodard halted evidently in doubt
The water was then running over the wagon-box, and there
was danger of its floating off with the trunks, which were
swimming loose inside of it ; and among them the women
were floundering in the greatest confusion, and then set up the
wildest screams. They all rushed to the front end of the
stage, in a huddle ; and Smith had much difficulty in pre-
venting some of them from leaping into the river outright.
Smith, in no very choice terms, asked Woodard why he
had halted ; but before he could reply, the leading horse
answered the question, by going down ; and Woodard, coming
to his feet, landed, as he fell, upon the upper end of the
bridge, to which he clung. He had missed the bridge, by
going a very little too high; but the wheel horses stood
firm, as if aware of what was required of them. I had given
the lines to Smith, not knowing in my fright what else to do.
Woodard hurriedly, but coolly, directed Smith to give me
the lines again, and assist him in cutting the leading horse
loose ; which he did. When the horse was freed from the
others it was drawn by the force of the water under the
bridge, which was the last we saw of it. It was supposed
the harness by some means became entangled with the
underside of the bridge, and it was leld there until drowned.
128 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
Woodard now waded on to the end of the bridge, showing
where to drive. Smith took the lines, drew the team smartly
back, and then suddenly to the left, cheering them with a
yell. The generous animals bounded on to the bridge, and
we were safe, hardly realizing that we were not drowned.
The water was nearly a foot deep the entire way over ;
and had the current been swift, or anything like it, this light
wood structure must have been taken off with it. Once on
the bridge, there was no difficulty in following it over,
though it was quite dark when we reached the dry ground on
the other side.
We soon arrived at the house of an old man near by, very
much impressed with the belief that we had been within
feeling distance of a watery grave. The excellent wife of
our host took good care of us for the night. We built a
good fire, by which we dried our clothing, not only what
we had on, but that in the trunks also — for they were full
of water, and everything was wet.
I think this was the most foolhardy adventure I have ever
been identified with, before or since ; though more than once
afterwards I was forced by necessity to look danger in the
face. But in this case there was really no such necessity :
and had we been in possession of thirty minutes for reflec-
tion, we should have slept over it, and saved a horse at
least.
Those of my readers who lead the quiet and even lives of
the settlements, can form but an imperfect estimate of a life
spent among the continual dangers and exposures of the
frontiers. Whatever charms such a life may have for rude
The Parting — Crossing the Tarkio. 129
and half civilized men, or even for those who frequent the
prairies and mountains for the gratification of that love of
the chase, which even in civilized society may not be consi-
dered unmanly or out of place ; yet I have to say, that as far
as my own sex is concerned, such adventures are much
pleasanter in books, than when made by necessity the
every-day business of a life. At least this has been my expe-
rience. Born with a strong love of home and family, my
existence thus far has been a quick succession of changes
from one danger to another ; and from one wild scene upon
the prairie, to a wilder adventure by flood ; or among rude
and unreliable men, until I fain would know the calm joy of
a home in a quiet land — one where the curse of Mormonism
has never rested.
Without further mishap worthy of note, we arrived at
Kanesville in good time. I found, much to my regret, that
my mother and brothers had gone on to New Fort Kearney.
We were received by my father-in-law with a cordial
welcome, and in consideration of the assistance rendered us
by Mr. Smith, the latter was made equally at home, notwith-
standing he was not a Mormon.
My father-in-law looked very grave when he found Smith
did not belong to the Church, and asked by whose direction
we were put under the care of a Gentile.
We told him it was arranged by Wallace, and related to
him how we were probably indebted to Smith for our safety
in crossing the Tarkio.
He listened to the story with great interest and serious-
ness, and then said, " I understand how it is. You are under
6*
130 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
obligations to this Gentile, and hence he must be well
treated ; but I wish Abbe to know, once for all, I do not
wish her to marry or associate with a Gentile ; for, my chil-
dren, you little know what influence the evil one has over our
frail bodies." Abbe was greatly amused at this, as she had
not supposed herself in any degree the object of Smith's
attention.
Her father, though a bigoted Mormon, was an honest,
kindly man ; and we replied to him, that " Smith knew no-
thing of Mormonism, and that by setting the doctrines fairly
before him, it was not impossible but he might be converted."
And Abbe said, " Father were you not a Gentile once ?" This
ended the discussion, and when Smith came in a short time
afterwards, he was received cordially.
In the evening, father asked us about Wallace, and we told
him all we knew about him, in the presence of Smith. I
told him I dould never live with him again, and that if I
could avoid it, I did not wish to see him. That I should go
to my brother's, as soon as I could get to them. That in no
case would I consent to live with Wallace. I was kindly
treated by my father's family, and they invited me to make
their house my home, if I could be contented.
They did not intend to go to the valley until the following
year, and wished me to wait and go with them. I was very
well contented, until one day, standing in the door, I saw
some one coming, and I soon discovered it to be Wallace.
I was very much excited, but was determined not to see h'm.
I therefore went out at the back door, as he came in at the
front, and went to one of our neighbor's by the name of
The Parting — Crossing the Tarkio. 131
Derby, who was related by marriage to my brother Howard.
I soon learned what Wallace wanted. His father treated
him very severely, and told him he was not worthy of any
woman, much less of a young girl, whom he had treated as
inhumanly as he had me. That it was enough to ruin any
woman, and that he was ashamed to own him as a son.
Wallace then left his father's and went to Harriet's, who
lived near by, and where he remained for several days. He
then went to Orson Hyde, and stated that I had left him
because he had married Harriet, and that I would not submit
to the spiritual wife doctrine. That I had said it was from
the devil. Brother Orson told him, that according to the
Gentile laws, I was at liberty to do so, and that I was free
from him, and he had no remedy. That I was even at
liberty to marry again, if I wished. I was then sent for to
come to Orson's house, and I went. When I arrived there
I found him at home. He received me very kindly, and said,
"Sister Ettie, why do you object to living with your hus-
band ?" I told him I had not time to go into all the circum-
stances of the case. That I had a great many objections
That what most interfered with my notions of propriety was
the way he courted some of the "sisters," especially the
Indians, by the Mormons known as the Lamanites. That
Wallace was very anxious to assist in the fulfilment of that
prophesy of our Prophet, which foretold that these Lamanites
" should become a white and delightsome people," and that
ue had already commenced the work among them. I told
him further, that I had other grounds of complaint which
I did not propose to state then, but that when I arrived at
132 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
the valley, I should lay them before Brigham Young. Orson
Hyde said, "The reasons you have given do not constitute a
lawful excuse for leaving your husband, according to the
laws of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints."
I then rose up to go, as I did not propose to discuss the
matter with him. But he stopped me, and said, " You may,
if you wish, be 'sealed'* to me, and then you know there
would be no risk to run, in case you should die. Otherwise,
if by chance you should drop away, having no husband to
raise you at the last day, you could not be ' resurrected ' as
a saint, and would only be raised like any Gentile, as a
servant for the Saints, i. e., for the Mormons."
I was so much disgusted with this proposition, that I left
him in the most unceremonious manner, in the midst of his
disinterested effort, for my salvation. Orson Hyde was, at
this time, forty years of age, and had at least three wives,
and one daughter about my own age. I was then nineteen
years old.
I went home to my father-in-law's, and told him what
Orson Hyde had proposed, and that I had made him angry.
He made me no reply, evidently thinking the least said about
a quarrel with one of the Heads of the Church was soonest
mended.
Wallace remained some time at Kanesville, and while there
he lived with Harriet. I did not meet him during the time.
He at length returned to St. Joseph, and soon after died, as
we heard, with the cholera, which was raging fiercely at the
time.
* t. 0. Married.
The Parting — Crossing the Tarkio. 133
Although I was sorry to hear of his death, and fully
pardoned him then for the wrongs he had done me, yet I
did not, I am willing to confess, mourn for him as one with-
out hope. I should have been glad to know he died a better
man than he had lived. Harriet, I understood, mourned him
with the greatest bitterness.
I was alone one day in the house, the rest of the family
being out at the moment, when Mr. Smith called ; I was very
glad to see him. He had not been in since the day after
our arrival, and it was like meeting an old friend. He had
so often given such unmistakable proof of his fair intentions,
and always so generous and disinterested, that I valued him
very much. I thought then, and still think him one of the
noblest of men. He appeared to be somewhat embarrassed ;
and after a little, mentioned the death of Wallace, and finally
fell to complimenting me, after a style to which I was alto-
gether unaccustomed. I recollect among other things, he
said he had formed a high opinion of me; and that I would
be religious if T knew what it was, of course meaning that
Mormonism was not religion. It is true I felt I ought not
to listen to anything against Mormonism in my father-in-
law's house, against his express warning, yet I was sure a
man of so much honesty of purpose could not wish to do me
harm, and that it could not be wrong to listen to one whose
noble bearing, clear intellect, and excellent heart, alike recom-
mended him to my confidence. He finally astonished me by
saying, with a good degree of feeling, " I wish, Mrs. Hender-
son, your happiness was as much dependent upon me as mine
is upon you."
134 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
At that moment, I saw my father-in-law comitg to the
house, and I mentioned the circumstance to Mr. Smith, and
when he came in, Smith said to him, after passing the usual
compliments, " Your daughter, Mrs. Aired, wished Mrs. Hen-
derson, to come over, and make her a visit. I am boarding
with one of her near neighbors, and shall return to-morrow,
when, if she wishes, I will take her over." Father replied,
that the girls had been teasing him to go over with them,
and if Mr. Smith could take them, it would save him the
trouble.
I noticed, with a pleasure that was altogether a mystery
to myself, that Smith did not appreciate the additional
number implied by " them," but he said he would call for us
in the morning.
Father askea him if he had become a Mormon yet. Smith
replied, " I know but little about your religion, but there are
some things in your doctrine that have a show of reason."
" Perhaps, then," said father, " I may be able to conver'
you."
After some conversation of a friendly and conciliatory
nature, Smith took his leave, evidently having made a favor
able impression upon more than one of our household ; but
waking within my own breast sad memories, and a troubled
and anxious foreboding for the future. I was free to marr)
again if I chose to do so, that was clear, but I would never
marry a Mormon, and it was certain I should never be
allowed to marry a Gentile. The idea was entirely new
to me, but I felt from this day that my future was in some
way intimately connected with Smith's. I knew we could
The Parting — Crossing the Tarkio. 135
not marry, at least not then, and I was not fully satisfied
that I wished to do so under the circumstances
There was no mistaking his intentions; and I could not
deny to myself that, were' I free to act untrammelled, it
would have been my highest pleasure to unite my fortunes
with his ; yet his was too noble a nature to be sacrificed to
Mormonism.
Although I believed in our Church implicitly, for I knew
no other religion, yet my woman's instinct told me that all a
woman holds most dear in life was to be sacrificed to a cer-
tain community of interests, which, though I could not fully
understand why, had thus far characterized every act and
feature of the Church; if I could do no more, I could at
least save Smith from the blighting evil ; and my soul felt
itself charged with a high commission when I undertook to
guard him against Mormonism.
My conduct may, perhaps, involve a contradiction in this,
that, while I would not listen to the claims of his religion,
nor allow him to teach me its principles, I yet warned him
against the adoption of mine. The fact was, that I believed
my religion to be true ; but regretted that it was true ; a
moral and necessary evil to be borne by me, but from which
I fain would guard any friend. This subject assumed a
higher importance in my mind, when I judged that the
strength of the attachment he had exhibited for me, a point
on which a woman is seldom mistaken, clearly indicated that
it was even possible for him to accept Mormonism, for the
purpose of removing all impediments to our union. Thus 1
found it was likely to happen that, while li«' supposed 1 is
136 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
intellect was approving the claims of our Church, his heart
would be the real prompter to his belief in our Prophet, and
this would have been an effectual bar to our marriage, as well
as a real misfortune to him, foi I had noticed that the spirit-
ual wife doctrine had the mysterious power of corrupting the
purest men of our Church.
Offer of Marriage — Leaving for Zion. 137
CHAPTER XIE.
OFFER OF MARRIAGE SETTING OUT FOR " ZION.W
Mr. Smith came in due time the next morning, and found
as waiting for him. It was a gloomy day in midwinter; the
weather was cold, but no snow upon the ground, and the
road lay mostly through the woods, and was very rough.
We had about ten miles to drive; Smith appeared to be
cheerful and happy, and by various means which Abbe did
not understand, indicated how much he desired to be alone
with me, in order to have a full understanding. He asked
me if I recollected the command, "If your neighbor ask
your cloak, ye shall give him your coat also?" by which I
understood that my father-in-law had granted more than he
had asked, in sending Abbe with us. But I took occasion to
say, that it would be more than a Mormon girl's life was
worth to be seen riding with a Gentile alone.
We arrived at my sister-in-law's in safety. She was glad
to see us. She had been living alone with her associate
wives for some time, as her husband was absent on a mission.
\\ '•• had a very cheerful and pleasant visit that evening.
next morning I went down to the spring, not far from
the house, which was snugly nestled among the trees, and
Hpproached by a narrow path winding between smooth rocks
133 Fifteen Years among the Mormons,
It was a secluded little fountain of pure water, bubbling from
beneatb the roots of a large tree, with rocks and treeo cluster-
ing all about it ; a place where one could hide away and be
content.
I had been there some time, drinking in the quiet beauty
of the place, and was just leaving for the house, when I met
Smith coming to the spring. He said he wished to say one
word to me alone. I was very much alarmed, and asked
him if he had never heard the story of the Gentile Brown ?
He said he had not. I told him I dare not remain with him
there one moment, not even to tell him the story, as, if we
were discovered in private conversation, it would be at the
cost of his life and, perhaps, of mine. I therefore left him
looking after me in astonishment, and ran to the house,
where-I found breakfast was waiting for me.
The story of Brown, which I afterwards told him, was as
follows : the year previous, Orson Hyde was courting another
wife, by the name of Eleanor Manheart, a very young and
pretty girl. This Brown, an emigrant, on his way to Califor-
nia, chanced to get acquainted with Eleanor, and cut the
" Apostle " out, and proposed to take her with him over the
plains. But the " Danites " interfered with the arrangement,
and he was murdered ; and Wallace acknowledged he assisted
in burying him under the school house. Hyde then reported
the story that Brown had absconded Of course he was
murdered by direction of Orson Hyde, who very soon after
married Eleanor, and still has her as one of his wives. I
know these to be facts, which I learned from Wallace at the
time.
Offer of Marriage — Leaving for Zion. 139
After breakfast, Mr. Smith called to take us home. We
had a long and tedious journey, as it was cold, and one of
the wagon tires came off repeatedly, and gave Smith a great
amount of trouble. He was not in good health, and was
unaccustomed to hardships, until our trip from St. Joseph.
His object in going to California was mostly to improve his
health.
When we arrived at home he was very much fatigued, and
was covered with mud, and it was with some degree of dis-
content he said, while washing the mud from his hands and
face, " I think Mormonism a very uncomfortable religion in
this world, whatever it may be in the next."
When he was ready to take his leave, he handed me a
note, while bidding me adieu, which I read after he was
gone, as follows:
"Dear Ettib:
I find it very hard to part with you ; but, unless you
could abandon your religion, I could not expect to live hap-
pily with you. But, as I still indulge the hope that you may,
I shall endeavor to see you again in Utah. I shall, on your
account, go that way when I go to the mines ; and I expect
to leave St. Joseph about the 1st of March next. Some busi-
ness of importance calls me back to that place before I cross
the plains.
u I remain, as ever, your faithful friend,
"R. P. Smith."
I read this note with the keenest emotions of pleasure and
pain. I was glad to hear he was not disposed to become a
140 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
Mormon, and glad that there was even a distant prospect of see
ing him again ; and pained, beyond measure, that the obsta-
cles to our union now appeared insurmountable, as well as at
the prospect of parting with him, perhaps forever ; at least,
for a very long time. Not until he was gone did I fully
understand my true position, or half the interest I had in him.
Mormonism taught me that, to love a "Gentile" was
illicit ; but I looked into my own heart, and while I did not
discredit my religion, I felt it could not be wrong to remem-
ber with gratitude the generous and noble conduct of one
whose motives were above reproach.
I very soon heard Mr. Smith had left St. Joseph for the
mines. I was anxious to go on to New Fort Kearney where
my mother and brothers were. Joseph Young, the brother
of the Prophet, was now about to leave, with his family, for
Utah, and his first wife, that is, the one he first married — his
lawful wife — was very anxious I should travel with them;
and I therefore went to her house to prepare for the journey.
We were about ready to set out. I happened to look out
one day, and saw some one coming, accompanied by two
women ; and, as they approached the house, I was astonished
to see Wallace, whom I had supposed to be dead. It proved
that he had not died as reported ; so far from that, he had
married another wife, Ellen Cutter, in addition to Harriet.
He had now two wives, and both were with him.
Mrs. Young wondered if they could be coming to see me,
and I told her I thought they were, but that I should not run
from them.
Sure enough, they came to the door, and Wallace knocked.
Offer of Marriage — Leaving for Zion. 141
and I opened the door to him. Wallace offered me his hand,
which I could not well refuse, and I shook it with more
reluctance than anything I had ever done in my life ; but I
could not take the hand of Ellen or Harriet. Wallace said,
**We called to invite you to go on to the valley with us, if
you wish, you shall be as one of the party."
I replied that I was provided for, as I was going with Mrs.
Young. That I diet not think he had any claim upon me, and
pointed to his two wives, and said, " I supposed you knew me
better : good bye," and left the room. I saw no more of
Wallace until I arrived at Utah Valley.
Everything was now ready, and in June, 1849, we com-
menced a journey that was to last for months, over a wild
stretch of prairie and desert, and among bleak and snow-cap-
ped mountains — a journey memorable for its hardships, from
fatigue, hunger and sickness. The cholera raged that season
with uncommon fury on the plains, among all classes of emi-
grants, and the entire route was almost an unbroken succes-
sion of burying-grounds. Newly made graves met the eye at
every step ; and there, amidst these, and the loneliness and
solitude of the great desert, we struggled on. Alone with the
one great God, of whose mysterious existence we knew but
little, and between whom and us stood our own Prophet, as
our guide over the wide plains, sublime in their vastness.
When we arrived at New Fort Kearney, I was again dis-
appointed at finding my mother and brothers had gone on to
the valley, and I was under the necessity of making the en-
tire journey with the family of Joseph Young. The cc mpany
in which we travelled, were uncommonly fortunate in losing
142 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
but few of its members by cholera, while other parties were
in some cases nearly cut off by it.
But the Gentile emigrants were still more unfortunate.
Whole companies were swept off, and their cattle and other
effects fell into the hands of the Mormons. Their teams,
too, were liable to become worn down, and would often die ;
and then, the emigrant who had loaded his wagon with such
articles of furniture and tools as he had deemed indispensable
to him, would be under the necessity of leaving them on the
way. Of course they could not be sold, as no one would buy,
when the chances were, that sooner or later he could find
more than he could carry, abandoned on the way. The Mor-
mons were generally well provided with teams, and owing to
their experience in the hardships of such migrations, and the
better discipline introduced by the Prophet, among their vari-
ous companies of ten wagons each, their cattle seldom gave
out, and they were thus always prepared to appropriate any-
thing valuable to be found on the route.
This state of things was soon understood among the Gen-
tiles, and they adopted the plan of privately burying their
most valuable property when obliged to leave it, among the
graves of the dead, and erecting over it a headstone, and
marking thereon some name to indicate the locality of a stran-
ger's grave — so that one unversed in the secret, might unwit-
tingly walk among real graves, mingled with valuable pro-
perty " cached n among them, and if sentimentally inclined,
might drop a silent tear of sympathy over a valuable stove,
or plow, or the like, purporting to be the grave of Amos
Brown, or Hackaliah Thompson, of Connecticut or Kentucky
Offer of Marriage — Leaving for Zion. 143
But nothing escaped the ever-watchful Mormon. They soon
discovered the cheat among the cholera graves, and many of
these " cache's " were opened by them, and the property care-
fully removed, while the earth was replaced, and the head-
stone again erected. Months afterwards, when those owning
the property returned for it, they would find it gone the way
of all Gentile property within the reach of Mormon hands.
I recollect one night, while on the Piatt River, before we
reached the North Fork, we had encamped in the midst of
almost numberless graves. • The cholera had swept off hun-
dreds at this point, and the graves were far and near, clus-
tered in every conceivable irregularity about the camping
ground.
We went in to camp a little before night, and there was
ample time for our cache* robbers to look about for valuable
prizes, which from the number of new graves, promised
well.
Two of our wagon-drivers had, as they fold the story, the
next morning, discovered before dark, in a secluded place, a
very large grave, which was, as they imagined, entirely too
long for the ordinary purposes of human burial. They there-
fore marked the locality, and when the camp was still, late in
the night, took a lantern, and went alone to secure the booty ;
not wishing to share it with any of their comrades. It was a
dark disagreeable night. A night when spooks and hobgob-
lins would be abroad if they ever were. The rain fell in tor-
rents. They found the " cachd " they were looking for, and
went to work ; one with the spade, and the other holding the
light. The prospect of gain gave them nerve. A strong
144 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
thrust upon the spade, sent it full length into the bottom of
the grave, and upon examination, they found the spade had
laid bare the face of a dead body, apparently a very large
man. The face covered with whiskers, was half torn off by
the spade. The body had no coffin. The effect was terrible
upon them. To open alone at such an hour, the grave of a
cholera victim, surrounded by the thick and inky atmosphere
of night, so lately vocal with the wail of death, was horrible.
They were at first disposed to run, but they mustered suffi-
cient courage to refill the grave, and then went cowering back
to camp — satisfied for the balance of the route with that
night's experience in robbing " Gentile " cache's.
I do not propose to give a detailed account of our journey
to Salt Lake, as I kept no journal of it. It was long and
tiresome, occupying four months for its accomplishment, every
day bringing with it a new adventure. Now harrassed with
the fear of an attack from the Indian bands, that roam the
boundless plains through which our route lay, who are go-
verned by no law save that of a strongest arm ; parched one
day by thirst und«r a scorching sun, and the next, drenched
by soaking rains. Suffocated by the hot airs of the plains
during the day, and at night, chilled by the cold Breath of the
mountains : in short, suffering all the chances and mischances
of a wandering life in the open air. Joyous and glad when
the sun and the heavens were propitious, and sternly resolute
to protect the aged, and the frail women and little children,
when the face of nature frowned upon us, we struggled through
to the end, and about the middle of September, 1849, arrived
at Great Salt Lake City.
Offer of Marriage: — Leaving for Zion. H5
This had been regarded by all good Mormons, as the end
of all earthly suffering and hardship. Once at this, u out
Zion," all wrongs were to be redressed, and all doubtful
points settled by the Prophet of God, upon a basis so simple,
and easily understood, that all ground of complaint should
cease, and the Church should find rest, and rule the earth in
peace. No one more than myself looked forward with hope,
mingled with fear and trembling, for the fulfillment of these
glowing expectations. But I think I was not the only woman
who was bitterly disappointed in the realization.
I had, by mingling with Gentiles in Missouri, by chance
picked up here and there a hint, that Mormonism was not true ;
ind Smith had more than once hinted the same, and now I had
come to the last step in the proof. I knew that robbery and
murder could not be right in the abstract ; and certainly,
when not required by necessity to protect the Church, upon
the principle of self-defence, it would not be justified by the
Prophet. I said to myself, " has he not led his people to a
far-off land, to avoid the crime, and bitter strife, and bloodshed
which had thus far followed the intercourse of the Church
with the world ; and will not these irregularities be condemned,
now that the necessity for them has been removed ?"
How bitterly I realized my mistake, and how heartily I
repudiated Mormonism, and what ample reasons I found foT
doing so, will be found in the following chaptera."
146 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
CHAPTER XIV.
GREAT BALT LAKE CITY, UTAH.
Brigham Young, with the main body of Mormons, had
been at the valley about two years. The anniversary of the
day on which the Prophet, with the Heads of the Church, ar-
rived there, is still observed, and is celebrated with great
pomp and ceremony. This event occurred July 24th, 1847,
hence July 24th, instead of July 4th, is the great national day
among the Mormons, for they already familiarize themselves
with the idea of a Mormon nationality.
The Prophet had selected a site for a city, which was to
become the centre of the Mormon world ; and Great Salt
City, the name by which it was christened, was founded on
the east bank of the Jordan River. The Jordan conr ects Lake
Utah with the Great Salt Lake, and is a beautifiil sti^am. The
city occupies a bench which rises gradually from the river,
and is one of the most eligible and lovely localities imaginable.
The streets are regularly laid out in squares. The main street,
which is now built up with valuable buildings for the distance
of two and a half or three miles, runs parallel to the Jordan,
and is intersected by other streets at right angles. Streams
of pure soft water are brought from the mountains behind the
Great Salt Lake City, Utah. 147
city, for the purpose of irrigation, and are conducted thr>jgh
the city, and allowed to gurgle down the gutters of each side
of the principal streets, singing amid the busy hum of trade
and strife wonderful tales of the mountain homes they have left
behind, while the streets are ornamented by long rows of trees
of different kinds, the thick and delightful shade of which,
joined with the refreshing murmur of the rills ever rippling
beneath them, give the city an air of rural, and even sylvan
beauty, perhaps never before realized in so large a town. The
buildings are mostly " adobe* n (i. e.), built of sun-dried brick,
moulded from blue clay. The land is very fertile when irri-
gated by the streams just mentioned. These streams are in
charge of the police, whose duty it is to see that each person
having land has the use of the water, generally two hours
each week or as he has need according to the number of acres
he has under cultivation ; and when not thus diverted, it runs
through the city as before described. The climate is perhaps
the most healthy and enchanting in the world. The atmos-
phere is very dry and clear. Rain seldom falls. There will
be perhaps one shower or so during the summer — sometimes
two, but seldom more. The snow upon the mountains, which
is always in sight, serves to keep the air delightfully cool and
pure. Sickness is almost unknown there. The nights are
apt to be somewhat cool.
During the first three winters after the arrival of the Mor-
mons at Utah, there was no snow, and no cold weather to
prevent the cattle from feeding in the open fields, along the
Jordan bottoms ; and then they required no extra attention.
Since that time there have been some very severe winters,
148 Fifteen Yeabs among the Mormons.
with more or less snow, and the first occurrence of this in-
creased severity of the climate, which has since for the most
part continued, caused much suffering among the cattle, great
numbers of which died, as experience had not shown the
necessity of barns and sheds for their protection against such
emergencies. The cattle are pastured in summer on the rich
bottoms, along the banks of the gently flowing Jordan, which
are too low for cultivation, but furnishing abundance of ex-
cellent pasturage. The country is well adapted to raising
cattle, and by irrigation, which will always be necessary, as
there is no rain, it is equally so for all kinds of grain, if the
water does not fail. It is, in short, one of the most desirable
countries, both as regards climate and agricultural products, as
a residence for man, and once fully developed, and freed from
the curse of Mormonism, with a good government to which
the peaceable citizen can look for protection, it is capable of
sustaining a large population, and of producing the highest
Vype of physical development of which the human race is
capable.
As for myself I speak from the convictions of my best judg-
ment, and from the results of my own experience, when I say,
that could I see Utah freed from Mormonism, I would prefer
by all odds to live there, in preference to any other part of
the globe of which I have any knowledge ; and that great
Salt Lake City would be the particular spot at which I would
pitch my tent, "forever?
The foundation of a most magnificent temple has been
laid in the city, and the inclosure, an adobe wall, is already
finished. This wall, which is about twelve feet high, incloses
Great Salt Lake City, Utah. 149
ten acres of ground, in the centre of which are rising the
walls of the temple. The whole energy of the Church is now
directed towards its completion. The plan of the temple was
a special revelation to Brigham Young. Many other public
buildings have been erected, and large and expensive blocks
have risen in the business quarter, the result of private enter-
prise.
Perhaps history has seldom, if ever, recorded an instance
of success so rapid and remarkable, as that which has at-
tended the combined enterprise of the Church at Salt Lake
City, and in Utah generally. The end of which success, if
unchecked by Gentile interference, is not yet.
150 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
CHAPTER XV.
CHURCH POLITT.
Before proceeding further with my own personal narra-
tive, I deem it proper to give, in a brief form, some account
of the Mormon Church Polity. This may be found the more
necessary to a clear understanding of the following pages, as
atfording the key to some acts of the Heads of the Church,
which otherwise might appear devoid of motive.
THE
Brigham Young is " the President of the Church of Jesus
Christ, of Latter Day Saints." The acknowledged " Prophet."
He holds the " Keys of the Kingdom," that is, the keys of
Heaven. Without the permission of the " Prophet " none
can be saved. He is an acknowledged revelator. Claims,
and is acknowledged by the Church, to be the supreme Pon-
tiff of the world, with both temporal and spiritual jurisdiction,
and as such, is entitled to the implicit, personal, and unques-
tioned obedience of all Mormons. To whose power there is
in fact no limit among the faithful : and when we add to this,
a knowledge of the dogma, that it is allowed and enjoined,
* to smite the Gentiles to enforce obedience," we understand
Church Polity. 151
how dangerous the " Prophet " might become if he had the
power.
THE FIRST PRESIDENCY.
The second great power in the Church, next to the Pro-
phet, is the First Presidency. This is composed of the
Prophet and his two counsellors. The three together form
that fearful centre of all ecclesiastical and temporal power in
the Church, known as the First Presidency, or simply the
u Presidency."
To be a member of this august trio, is to be a right-hand
man with the Prophet — his shadow, and to be authorized to
act for him in his absence, or disability.
When I left the valley it was composed as follows : — Brig-
ham Young, Hebir Chase Kimball, and Jedadiah M. Grant.
The last has since died, and his place will be filled by another,
probably by John Taylor.
COLLEGE OF THE
The next " order " in the Church is that of the " Twelve
Apostles," usually called the " Twelve ;" among whom I may
mention the names of Orson Pratt, Parley P. Pratt, Orson
Hyde, John Taylor, Willford Woodruff, Samuel Richards,
Amasy Lyman, Ezra T. Benson, George A. Smith, and Char-
les C. Rich. I cannot recollect the names of the others.
Some members of this college have been called to a foreign
mission, or otherwise disqualified for the performance of the
duties of this office, in which cases, it has been customary to
fill their places, and hence it happens, that there is in fact, at
152 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
present, at least fifteen of the " Twelve ;" only twelve arc
however, entitled to seats in this " quorum" at one time.
The " Twelve " come still nearer the people, aud the Presi-
dent of the Twelve, first, and next to him one of its members,
act and " counsel " in all matters in the absence of a member
of the " First Presidency." The members of this order are
subject to do duty as missionaries, in which case they join
the " Seventies," mentioned hereafter.
PRESIDENT OF THE SEVENTIES.
The next office in point of dignity is the President of the
Seventies. This is at present filled by Joseph Young, a
brother of the Prophet. The body over which he presides is
made up as follows. The seventy quorums, hereafter men«
tioned, have each a President. These presidents form a sort
of administrative council over the subject of " missions and
preaching," called the Seventies, and it is over this body, the
President of Seventies presides. The " Seventies," thus
made up, have the direction of all matters connected with
the propagandism of the Church. From this body emanate
all missionary efforts, and instructions to those connected
therewith, as also the subject of preaching, and preachers in
general. The President of this body is the head of all out-
side effort for the conversion of the world, always subject, of
course, to the higher powers before mentioned.
THE QUORUM OF SEVENTIES.
Each member of the body last mentioned, numbering
Church Polity. 153
seventy in all, is himself a President of another body, called a
Quorum of Seventy, having also in theory, seventy members.
These Quorums are not always full, in fact, they seldom are
all so. They form the bone and muscle of missionary labor;
and have no reference to rank in the Church, as an Apostle,
or a High Priest or Elder, or Priest, may be a member of one
«>f these Quorums. They constitute the instruments by which
the measures of the " Seventies," and its President are carried
into effect. They are the outside working bees of the central
hive, and "go into all the world to preach the gospel," with-
out " purse or scrip," and often come back again loaded with
money, and bringing many converts with them. They are
scattered over the whole earth, and are continually going
and coming, leaving their many wives at Salt Lake, that
they may not want an inducement to return in due
time, to render an account to the President of the Seven-
ties. Each Quorum preserves in its secret archives, a com-
plete record of the genealogy of each of its members, as also
of the official acts of each. Organized as they are, they con-
stitute the most effective body of working men conceivable ;
second perhaps only to the celebrated order of Jesuits, whose
fame and crimes are known to the ends of the earth. It waa
the apparent miracle performed by one of these, that effected
the conversion of my mother to Mormonism.
TH5 PRIESTHOOD.
The orders referred to heretofore, as well as those hereaftei
il»'!. bav€ morn particular reference to the practical
7*
154: Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
Administration of the temporal business of the Church. The
priesthood, however, appears to be charged with the execu-
tion of its spiritual affairs exclusively — a sort of spiritual exe-
cutive body, though as heretofore seen, the priesthood is pos-
sessed by all who belong to the Quorums. The High Priest
is first in rank of this order, and next after the Apostles.
Next in this order come the Elders ; and last and lowest,
we have the simple priests. But if any of these wish to
preach, they must join a Quorum. The priesthood, in some
form, is understood to be necessary to the salvation of a
male, or at least, to his exaltation ; and a female cannot be
saved without being " sealed " to some male who is a Priest.
Hence all true Mormons are Priests, and women really do
not amount to much in themselves, as they have no souls
of their own. Hence women are often " sealed," that is
married to men, when they do not intend to live with them
as an earthly wife, but merely that they may be saved by
them : in that case they are " sealed" for eternity, as it is
termed. But when they are married for the natural pur
poses of a wife, i. e. to have children, they are then said tc
be " sealed " for time ; and they may be " sealed " for one alone,
or for both. If a woman's husband is dead, she need not be
sealed again, unless she chooses, and when she does marry
again, she is " sealed only for time, as when she dies, her first
husband will " resurrect," i. e. save her ; and she will be his
in the next world.
The difference between " exaltation " and M salvation," in
the Mormon use of these terms, is this. A male Mormon
without the priesthood may be saved by favor of the Pro-
Church Polity. 155
phet ; as also may a Gentile to be used as a servant ; but can
never be exalted. This exaltation means having in the next
world a kingdom, and a great many wives, and many Gen-
tile servants, and being great in power as a sovereign. All
the wives and the children of a priest in this world belong
to his " kingdom " in the next, and are a part of his " exal-
tation " there. A woman's " exaltation " in the next worlc
depends upon her being u sealed * to a man that is a priest in
this, and who can exalt her there, by winning for himself a
high exaltation. That is to say the glory of the wife, in the
next world, is dependent upon the glory of her husband.
Hence, among true Mormon women, it is an object to marry
some of the Heads of the Church, or those of high official
dignity. To marry an Apostle or a High Priest, is considered
a great honor ; while to be a wife of the Prophet, or of a
member of the First Presidency, is the highest dignity to
which a woman can aspire ; and this is the reason why the
Heads of the Church get so many wives. This principle is
often used among the girls, as a bug-bear to force them to
marry, and often old men succeed in winning young girls to
their beds by it, if they occupy high positions. Coercion is
seldom used to effect marriages among the women. They
are indulged in the utmost freedom of choice among the
men. They are only required to marry some one, M and tho
man of her choice," is not at liberty to refuse to marry a wo
man when asked to do so. Proposition for marriage comes
as often, and with as good grace from the female, as from the
male. An apparent hardship in this system, and it is only in
appearance, is that it would be likely to leave some men
156 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
without wives, while others have a great number. But a man
who lacked the necessary address to win a wife or several
of them, would not be likely to complain ; besides the fact is,
that women accumulate under the system. I think it seldom
occurs, that a man wishing to marry, who is able to support
a wife, cannot find at least one ; although many not over
good looking men, who have no high official dignity to re-
commend them, are obliged to content themselves with one
or two. It is considered, however, in " good society," to be
a want of position and rank to possess but one wife ; and few
men have the moral courage to appear in public with less
than two ; while on great occasions, when it is an object to
make an impression upon the public mind, it is the custom
for men of position to appear surrounded by a numerous
train of wives — the more the better.
It will be seen from the above, why all the wives after the
first are called " spiritual," i. e. because they are to be wives
in the spirit world, and are now raising children for the exalta-
tion of the spiritual kingdom of the husband. It is pos-
sible also to be the " spiritual wife " of one man, and the
temporal wife of another at the same time. I have thus
given a fuller account of this part of Mormon practice and
belief, not because I think it a very interesting subject, but
because it was necessary to a clear understanding of what
follows, and as affording a key to Mormon success and disci-
pline. It is proper that I state that it is believed and taught,
that when a man dies unmarried, he has no kingdom in the
next world ; and hence he is not " exalted " there ; and that
a man can, by consent, be annexed in this world to some
Chukch Polity. 157
oilier man's Kingdom for the next. Also that the sons and
sons-in-law, with their wives, may be in like manner annexed
to the Kingdom of the father or father-in-law ; thus swelling
his and waiving their own claim to a Kingdom.
This system is capable of many other applications; which
are amplified and pressed into service by the Heads of the
Church, in order to keep their deluded victims in the line of
" duty ;" a full account of which would be too long and
tedious for the limits and design of these pages.
I may state, however, in a general way, that all " Gentiles "
are to be in the next world servants of the u Saints ;" and
that the second coming of Christ is soon expected, and is in
fact now waited for. And then that Christ will reign upon
the earth, a thousand years, and then Mormons will " possess
the earth," and all the Gentiles living at that second coming
will give up their property to the Church, and serve the
" Saints " in whatever menial capacity the latter may direct.
Brighara Young says he knows some persons in the States
that would make excellent servants ; and instanced Franklin
Pierce, President of the United States, and other men of po*
sition in the country connected with the Government. Thi&
remark of the Prophet has been deemed by some an un
grateful return to President Pierce, for the appointment by
the latter of Brigham Young to the office of Civil Governoi
of the territory of Utah.
TI12 PATRIARCH.
The office of Patriarch is one of grpat wnctity and honor,
158 Fifteen Years among the Mormcns.
although not Dne of much power, as it is confined to grant
tog " blessings," * usually written out after an approved form
* The following is an exact copy of a " blessing," pronounced by
Hiram, who was afterwards killed with his brother, the Prophet
/oseph Smith. The authority to pronounce these blessings, is pos-
sessed by all the Heads of the Church, in common with the Patriarch,
but it is the special duty of the latter.
M PATRIARCHAL BLESSING OP MARY ETTIK CORAT, DAUGHTER OP SILA8
AND MARY CORAY.
* Born in the Township of Providence, Luzern County, and State of
Pennsylvania, 31st of Jan., 1829. «
" Sister Mary Ettie, I lay my hands upon your head in the name
of Jesus of Nazareth, to place and seal a blessing unto you, even a
Father's blessing, which blessing is Patriarchal as from under the
hands of your father or any one of the Patriarchs of old, that a bless-
ing should be placed upon your head, according to the covenants
with your fathers Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and in future time,
receive a fullness of those blessings, according to the promises as
touching your inheritance and the glory of your father, and the honor
and immortality and felicity of your Mansion in the resurrection of
the Just, therefore there is a blessing for you and a reward laid up
for your obedience, for the integrity of your heart, in the days of
your youth; remember that you are now in your youthful days, and
this life at times and seasons in the intermediate spaces of your ex-
istence, will be attended with tribulations, but in the world to come,
you shall have immortality and eternal life. This is your reward be-
cause of the integrity of your heart. And again you shall be blessed
temporally and spiritually in your house and habitation, in your field
and in your flocks, in your basket and in your store, as also in your
posterity, and your name shall be perpetuated from generation to
generation, and your miracles and acts shall be written in the archives
Church Polity. 159
and over the signature of the Patriarch, which are supposed
to act as a sort of charm in favor of the possessor. These
benedictions are made for a fee of one dollar, and their de-
livery constitutes the sole business of the Patriarch. The
office is held during life, which is an exception to the general
rule of the Church, as all other elective offices are limited to
a specific term. This office has always been in the family
of the Prophet Smith. Joseph Smith, father of the Prophet,
was the first Patriarch, and John L. Smith is the present in-
cumbent. He is still a young man. The Prophet Joseph
was his cousin.
JUDICIAL AND EXECUTIVE OFFICES.
There are a few minor officers on whom devolve the ex-
ecution of all the municipal regulations of the Church — a
set of men who stand directly between the governed and the
governing class ; at once officers of the Church, and of the
civil executive. Among these the most important, though
not highest in rank, is that of Bishop. The city «t Salt Lake
is divided into twenty-four wards, each of which has a
and chronicles of your brethren. And your days and years are num-
bered and shall be many. These blessings I seal upon your head.
Even so, Amen.
" Given by Hiram Smith, at Nauvoo, III., Sept. 24th, 1840."
u Howard Coray, Clerk.
Endorsed on the back as follows :
11 Entered in Record-book, page 181.
" H. Corat, Clerk."
160 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
Bishop. In other settlements of the territory similar divisions
of convenient size are made and placed under a like officer.
The duties of their offices are partly judicial but mainly that
of an informer. They " hear and determine " complaints,
either civil or religious, upon which they act subject to ap-
peal to the " High Council." They make domiciliary visits
each week, to inquire into the temporal and spiritual condi-
tion of each person of their ward ; and all persons disaffected,
as to word or doctrine, are reported to the First Presidency.
They are, in short, the general informers, as between the
Prophet and the people, and all " Gentiles " within the wards
are watched and reported upon in like manner. They also
collect the tithing.
The intermediate tribunal, to whom appeals may be made
from the award of the Bishop, known as the " High Coun-
cil," is composed of fifteen men, chosen from among the
High Priests, twelve of whom act as jurors, and a majority
of these decide the case by vote ; the remaining three acting as
judges, passing sentence, and fixing damages and costs and
the like. An appeal can be had from this tribunal to the
First Presidency, from which there is no appeal. A Mormon
cannot appeal for redress as between himself and another
Mormon to the civil courts ; but must in the first instance
carry the case to his Bishop, unless he gets the permission of
the " High Council."
The Bishop is assisted by another officer, called a Teacher ;
and he has sometimes two of these, as occasion may require.
The duty of the Teacher is to assist the Bishop, more particu-
larly in the religious part of his duty. He makes doraici-
Churcn Policy. 161
liarly visits, and catechises the people and children, and re-
ports to the Bishop all heresies or other irregularities among
them. Al . offices of the Church expire by limitation, once in
six months, except that of Patriarch, which is held during
life. The different orders of the Priesthood and the Quorum
of the Seventies, of course, are not now referred to, as they
are not elective offices, but permanent orders in the Church ;
but every elective office, from the Prophet down to the Bi-
shop and his teachers, go out of office twice in each year ;
and this occurs on the 6th of April and October, at which
time the semi-annual conference is held. This conference is
made up of the whole people, assembled in one body, and
presided over by the President and Prophet, Brigham Young.
When all are assembled, then each officer is called to an ac-
count, and any one is at liberty to prefer charges, beginning
with the Prophet.
It speaks well for the shrewdness of Brigham Young, that
no opposition has ever been made to his administration, and
that he has been reelected twice every year since he succeed-
ed Joseph Smith at Nauvoo. Thus each officer, after the
Prophet, comes before the people for reelection, and however
absolute may be the power of his office, he is still accountable
to the great body of the people, as the original source of
power. The supposed power of the Prophet, as such, and the
timely revelation of which he avails himself when too closely
pressed, are the true secrets of his power. This detracts very
much from the merit, which would otherwise attach to the
apparent democracy of the Mormon Church Government.
Besides the officers before mentioned, there is one known aa
162 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
the Captain of the Police, who has under his command a.
necessary number of policemen to enable him to keep up a
night guard in all parts of the city, and around the public
works. There are other organized bodies within the Church,
of a secret character, which may be regarded as being a part
of her recognized institutions, such as the band of the " Dan-
ites," and the various and mostly unknown ramifications of
the institution connected with the "Endowment" rooms. It
is here, in what is termed the " second anointing," where none
but the most approved Mormon enters — none but those who
have been tested by years of trial, and then bound by the
most solemn oaths, which involve life and limb as a forfeit,
that are hid the real secrets of the Church. Here her true
aims are fully developed, and the plans by which she proposes
to accomplish her final mission conceived and put in motion.
The Danites are supposed to be merely a secret police, for the
execution of the commands issued from behind the veil of
these dark mysteries ; and judging from what we know of their
acts, we are justified in believing the aims of this secret power
are by no means modest. Enough has escaped the lips of the
Heads of the Church, in moments of excitement and anger, to
indicate that the propogation of the principles of the Church,
and the spread of the Prophet's sway, are not to rest entirely
upon the slow and uncertain process of moral suasion. One
thing is certain. They are well organized to-day in a military
point of view ; and the habits of undying watchfulness, and
hardy enterprise, acquired by a long experience of continued
conflict with the " Gentiles " in Missouri and Illinois, and
during their migration through the wilderness among tha
Church Policy. 163
wild Indian tribes, and wild beasts, over the wide prairies to
their new " Zion," render them to-day the best disciplined
people in the world. Ever on their guard ; skilled in all the
learning of wood craft ; able to read as upon the printed page,
upon the great desert by which their isolated homes are sur-
rounded, those signs, which to inexperienced eyes, would pass
unnoticed ; , familiar with the laws of life and climate, which
characterize their country ; and thus enabled to turn all these
to their own advantage, as against strangers ; and lastly, famil-
iar with the wild mountain passes and deep canons, through
which all approach to them must be made ; they would certain-
ly seem to be in possession of some elements of strength, in case
they found it necessary to use them for self-defence. Added
io which, it is well understood, that measures are being taken
by them to locate defences among these passes of the moun-
tains. And where they do not actually erect defence, exa-
minations are made, and plans matured, which can be easily
put into execution when they are needed. Many, and most
of these passes in fact, need no works of defence. A few de-
termined men in the right position, well acquainted with the
locality, is all that will be needed to prevent the passage of a
much larger body of armed men.*
The policy of the Church in regard to the Indians is very
peculiar. Every tribe is visited by missionary Elders, who
instruct them in the Mormon faith ; and by intermarriage, and
by every other means, efforts are made to bring them under
* Among other means of defence against Gentile interference, often
mentioned at the valley, may be included that of poisoning the wella
nnd fountains, as a last resort
164 Fifi'een Years among the Mormons.
the Mormon control, by which means they are gaining coim
tenance among them. This influence they are using to pre-
judice the Indians against the people of the United States,
and against the American Government. This is now the set-
tled policy of the Church, and if it has no other influence, it
will have the effect, if it has not already, to stir up the tribes
to open hostilities against the undefended settlements of the
Far West. And in case of collision between the Mormons and
the United States Government, which must come sooner or
later, this control over the Indian tribes would give the for-
mer a great advantage over the latter.
I deem it proper to state in connection, that the mysteries
of the Second Anointing of the Endowments, among other in-
human ceremonies, are supposed to be defiled by the mon-
strous rite of offering human sacrifices, or at least, that the
doctrine is fully taught and developed there. Enough has
already transpired among the women to justify tln\* conclu-
sion. Those who have not taken this anointing, and but a
comparatively small number of them have taken it, are very
much alarmed about this, as they know not what to expect.
They are always upon the rack, as they are liable to be called
upon at any time to go to the Endowment rooms for that pur-
pose.
THE CONSECRATION OF PROPERTY.
Another effect of the mysteries of the Endowments, ia the
consecration of the entire property to the Church by placing
it in the hands of the Prophet. This is a high test of faith,
but one at which the true Mormon, if he has penetrated those
Church Policy. 165
inner mysteries, never falters. The consecration itself is not a
secret, but is made in a public manner. By proper and legal
modes, the whole earthly property of the person making the
consecration is conveyed lo the Prophet, who holds the same
not in trust, but in his own right. The consecrator in the
main is allowed to keep possession until called for by the
Prophet, who takes it only as he has need, and exercises
great discretion and kindness in the assumption of his legal
rights over it. If the Prophet is in want of a yoke of oxen
and he judges a man who has consecrated his property can
spare them, he sends one of his servants to drive them away,
but he is careful never to do it in such a manner, that it shall
be considered a hardship by the one in possession ; for the
latter is always considered the owner, until it is called for by
the Prophet, and he is at liberty to use, and even to dispose
of it for his own support, and for that of his family, but for
no other purpose.
When we consider the enterprise and energy which char-
acterize the Mormon people, and their increasing wealth at
Utah, we must acknowledge that Brighara Young is at this
moment not only in theory, but in fact, an untrammelled sov-
ereign of great wealth, and to say the least, is one of grow-
ing power, if not already powerful.
TITHING.
Every male member of the Church is required to devote
every tenth day of his time in labor upon the Temple, or
other public works, or pay a sum of money equal to the hire
of a substitute : and the Church is also entitled to, and scru-
166 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
puluosly exacts from, all property holders a tenth of their in-
come, and a tenth of the produce of all lands. No one's pro-
perty is exempt from this ta,x as it goes into the general
treasury for the propagation of the gospel, for bringing con-
verts to Utah, and defraying the expenses of the public works ;
and after these, for the erection of the Temple. The cheerful
payment of this tithing is regarded as a test of orthodoxy,
Reuben P. Smith's Arrival. 167
CHAPTER XVI.
REUBEN P. SMITH'S ARRIVAL NARROW ESCAPE FROM BE
COMING A "SPIRITUAL."
Once at the end of the tedious journey over the plains,
and safely reunited with my family, and above all, in my own
mother's house, I was happy again. My mother had bought
a house and lot in a pleasant part of the city, and was already
settled, with Lizzie and Uriah with her. She had an acre
and a quarter of ground, the size of all the city lots designed
for dwellings. My brother Howard was also there with his
family, so we were all settled near each other. My brother
William's wife was also there. It will be recollected that
William had joined the Mormon battalion for the Mexican
war, and we had just received intelligence of his death. AH
our family that were Mormons, and yet living, were now at
Salt Lake City, and I was more disposed, and apparently
had it more in my power than ever before, to settle down
contentedly and lead a quiet life. Thus far the sea of my
life had been troubled and stormy, and if I did not find my-
self disappointed in my expectations as to what I still sup-
posed Mormonism to be, I saw no reason why my tempest-
tossed bark should not rest secure within the calm haven of
1G8 Fifteen Iears among the Mobmons,
our new Zion. Yet all depended upon what the Prophet had
to say to the wrong I had suffered. If he justified all the Mor-
mons had done in his absence, and if he approved their crimes,
and that was Mormonism, then I was not a Mormon, and I
ihould regret having left the States. But I was soon to know.
My brother Howard, now a High Priest, was one of the
Prophet's secretaries, and one day I went to the office to
oee him, and while there the Prophet came in, and recognized
me, although we had not met since the cold and dreary march
through Iowa, at which time we were in the same company
with him for a few days.
The Prophet, who is acknowledged to be one of the finest
looking men in the Church, and possessed of a remarkably easy
and winning address, received me very cordially, and said,
* Weli, Nettie, how do you like Mormonism by this time ?"
I replied to him at some length, that if Mormonism was the
same at Salt Lake that it was in the States, I did not think I
was a Mormon. I told him the whole story as to Wallace,
and how he had treated me. I felt the utmost freedom in
unburthening my heart's secret to him even as to a parent.
I referred to the hardship and crime of the double wife doc-
trine, and to the crimes of the Heads of the Church, and the
" Danites."
He listened to me with great patience and kindness of man ,
ner, and I waited his reply with untold interest. My faith in
Mormonism hung upon his reply. He evidently understood
the difficulty of my case, for at times he looked troubled and
anxious. When he replied, he made no mention of any mat-
ters but those which personally interested me. He said, " I
Reuben P. Smith's Arrival. 169
will tell you, Nett, how it is. There is a right in the mat-
ter. It is perfectly right, as well as a privilege, and has now
become a duty, for every man in the Church to have a plural-
ity of wives. But if a man's wife tries to do what is right
about it, her husband should be reasonable. There are some
shrewd women in the Church who cannot stand that doc-
trine. They were intended from the foundation of the world
for another purpose. We are all calculated to be beneficial
in the hands of our Heavenly Father, in rolling forth this
great work. But if all our women were like you, our Mor-
monism would soon come to naught."
I said, " Brother Brigham, I do not understand what a
mere woman can do." To which he replied, " Such a woman
as you are can be very useful. I cannot explain it now,
but you shall know soon enough. Make yourself contented.
I do not uphold Wallace. I think he has done very wrong.
He must be rebaptized, or I cannot fellowship him."
At this point, his daughter Luna came in, and called him
to supper. He said, " Tell your ma I will take tea with
Augusta to-night." The Augusta referred to was Mrs. Cobb,
mentioned in another part of this book, and now one of his
wives. I then told him I was disappointed, and was sorry I
was there, but that I must make the best of it. To which he
replied, " That is the right spirit. Be ' sealed ' to some man
that has a wife, and then you will not feel so bad." Here the
interview ended, and I went home to my mother, and told
her how matters stood, and what the Prophet had said. It
was then too late in the fall to return to the States ; but I
would gladly have done so, had it been within my power.
8
170 Fifteen Years among the Mormons .
My mother until then had believed with me, that the
Prophet would condemn the spiritual wife doctrine ; and we
were both greatly distressed ; but we soon had greater cause
for alarm. I have neglected to mention, that almost the first
person I had met upon my arrival at the city was Wallace.
I met him in the street, and he told me that he was going to
South California, and perhaps to South America. He said
his health was very poor ; and he seemed to be in low
spirits. I wished him well as we parted ; and this was the
last time we ever met. He went, and soon after died. The
news of his death was published in the city paper,* which
mentioned his disease as having been some difficulty of the
* Although I have never heard of Wallace since I saw the notice
of his death, it now occurs to me, that this of itself would be no evi-
dence of the fact, if the Prophet had a motive in inducing me to be-
lieve him dead.
I recollect a circumstance of this kind, that occurred when I was at
the Valley, as follows :
George A. Smith, who is a bald-headed old man, and one of the
" Apostles," wished to add to the wives he already had, a young girl ;
but she preferred a younger man. Soon after she was married her
husband was sent away from his home, and from his young wife, upon
a mission by the influence of Smith, and the story was afterwards cir-
culated of his death ; and the wife was "counselled," and at length
induced to marry the " Apostle " Smith, before rejected. But the
husband returned, and claimed his wife. Smith refused to give her
up, or to allow her to be seen by him, who thereupon apostatized, ana
left for California, and nothing more was heard from him.
Entering into competition with an " Apostle," for the possession of
a "spiritual " at the Valley, is not thought to be a safe or equal con-
test
Narrow Escape from becoming a Spiritual. 171
throat. Notwithstanding his life was now no more to me
than to a stranger, as I had no intention of living with him
again, yet I received the. news of his death the second time
with feelings of sadness, the more so as I now felt we had
both been the victims of a cruel religious delusion.
The following winter was one of uncommon gaiety in the
the city. The Mormons exceeded themselves in the number
of the balls and parties, and amateur theatres, by which nearly
every night was enlivened. These amusements are reduced
to a system among them, and all classes and ages join in the
wild and sometimes boisterous round of amusements, which
here succeed each other. I have often danced at these places
with the Prophet and other heads of the Church. Appoint-
ments are made by the Church authorities, for the balls for
each week, in such and such wards, and there are sometimes
several in the city on the same night. Such arrangements
are made, that every person in the Church can attend
once or twice each week, or oftener if they choose. I
made it a point to attend these parties during most of the
winter, as this was the only relief I had against the pre-
sentiment of evil which oppressed me. I felt at this time
that I could no more endure double wifeism now than before,
and if I had understood the Prophet rightly, there was no
escape from it if I remained in the valley. I cannot deny
that I sometimes thought of Smith. But I could hardly
flatter myself I should see him again, as he had started
over the plains before our party, and siuce he had not
yet arrived, I concluded some misfortune had overtaken
him or he had forgotten me. I found upon a close self-ex-
172 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
amination, that the possibility of either being true gave
me great uneasiness, and yet I could not bring myself, even
to wish, to expose him to the evils of Mormonism. And
if he came how could he escape ? If he did not become a
Mormon, he could be nothing to me, and rather than have
him become one, I would forego forever the pleasure of see-
ing him again.
I spent, during the winter, much of my time in the family
of Heber C. Kimball, who had over thirty wives ; not all of
whom were at home, however, as they lived in different
houses.
I had no lack of offers, for it was a very common thing for
me to make a conquest of some one almost daily. I was yet
young, and for the first time began to think myself attractive,
if the number of my suitors could be taken as an evidence of
it. Among them were numbered men of all ranks and con-
ditions in life. Heads of the Church, and undistinguished
priests, and men of all ages, from the old man of seventy-five,
with a stately train of wives at his heels, with babies to match,
to the mere boy of eighteen ; who looked forward with pride
to the day when he should have as many. If I did not think
best to avail myself of any of these tempting and flattering
offers, it does not follow that they did not afford me a great
amount of amusement, and yet the reflection oppressed me,
that many of these men were acting under instructions from
the Prophet, and that a continued obstinacy on my part
might bring with it serious consequences.
Oppressed with a vague fear of something which I could
not well define, I went home one day, and when at the door,
.Narrow Escape from becoming a Spiritual. 173
my sister Lizzie met me, and with a face full of quizzical fun,
said, " Ob you can't guess who has been here, nor can I tell you.
But I expect you will know well enough." " Who is it," said
I, and Smith came to my mind at once. " Did his hair curl ?"
M Oh yes," said Lizzie, " I knew you were waiting for some
one, but you shaVt have him ; we will some of us cut you
nit."
" Now I understand something," said Brother Kimball, who
had brought me home in his carriage. He referred to my
refusal of so many offers of marriage during the winter, which
was, he said, very extraordinary among the Mormons. There
was no need for Lizzie to tell me, as she did, that the stranger
was one of our boarders at St. Joseph, or that he had men-
tioned our passage of the Taukio in company. I knew it was
Smith, and I was nearly wild with excitement. He had left
word that he would call the next day, and I had ample time
to look over the ground, and fully realize my position. I
now felt I loved him too well to give him up, and that this
would probably be the only chance I was likely to have of
marrying a man, not a Mormon. I thought by marrying
him I could get away from Mormonism, and otherwise I had
no means nor excuse for going. The only embarrassment
that presented itself was the thought of leaving my mother
again.
The next morning he came, and I was astonished to find
nim so much improved in health and appearance. He had
allowed his beard to grow, which added very much to his
y beauty. I was happy in meeting him once more.
He told me he thought the journey over the plains must have
174 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
agreed with us both, judging from appearances. He said,
" I thought I would call, as by agreement, and see you."
I replied, " has no other motive impelled you ?" Smith
looked at me earnestly, and said,
" I think I can say in good faith, other motives have
brought me here. I wish to have a few words with you alone,
if convenient. Can I ?"
I gladly consented to listen to him, and indicated to mother
what we wanted. As we had but one room in our house, my
mother made an errand to one cf the neighbors, and left us
alone. I cannot well describe in detail this interview. Smith
said, *' It is now about two years since T have been looking
forward to this moment, and during all that time, I have
fondly indulged the hope that you would yet be mine ; and
T trust I am not to be disappointed now — am I ?"
Of course I told him what my heart so gladly prompted,
or at least he took it for granted.
I fully realized the difference between an undivided attach-
ment like his, and that of which I had been the victim, when
the wife of Wallace Henderson. I had married Wallace to
escape the terrible fate of being obliged to marry some old
man, wVio had already more wives than he should have. It
is true I had learned afterwards to love him, and if he
had treated me fairly, I should have been contented and
happy.
But my attachment to Smith was of a different and more
absorbing character ; and yet I felt the embarrassment of our
position. I told Smith I could not marry him without Brig
ham Young's consent, and that I would do it on no account,
Narrow Escape from becoming a Spiritual. 175
it I believed he could ever become a Mormon ; and yet, if we
were married in Utah, he must at least assume the appear-
ance of being one.
He said, " In the spring we will go to California, and in
the mean time, I will say nothing about being a ' Gentile ;1
and I will also pay my tithing regularly, and if they do not
press me too closely, I can pass for a good enough Mormon to
keep them quiet until, we get away."
The balance of the winter passed very pleasantly. We
were very careful not to make our new relation, now fully
understood by none but ourselves, conspicuous before the
public, as Smith wished time to establish in the Church a
character for orthodox Mormonism, in an easy and quiet
manner, without exciting much inquiry upon the subject.
With regard to myself, I was still the object of great anxiety
in a matrimonial point of view, as the following story will
show :
Captain James Brown, who I have mentioned in the first
part of this narrative, had married my aunt. Not content with
that, he had also among other wives married her daughter,
my young cousin, a very pretty girl. Captain Brown came to
my mother's, to make a visit, and stayed all night with my
aunt ; and the next night he returned, with my cousin, and
tbey also remained all night. The next morning he said to
roe, in a manner, and with a levity that perfectly disgusted
me, " Nettie, night before last, I lodged with your aunt,
and last night with your cousin, as you have seen ; and to
night, I am going to get your consent, and Brother Brigharo
will seal us, and I will lodge with you.w The hero of this
176 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
exploit was an old grey-headed man aiid was the true and
lawful (as the " Saints " reckon law) husband of eight wives.
I acknowledge I was somewhat ruffled in temper by this pro-
position, especially thus backed up, as it had been, by an ocu-
lar display of the working of the rystem. My aunt soon came
into the room, and I said to her, M I really hope when the ' Gen-
tiles ' come to shoot down the Mormons ( an event considered
by the Church as not unlikely to happen some day), that you
will be the first one aimed at, for I believo you will well de-
serve it. I think you are a most ridiculous woman ; you have
brought up your daughter to believe that it is right and neces-
sary for her salvation to marry an old white-headed man, her
father-in-law." My aunt replied very quietly. " I think your
mother has not instilled quite Mormonism enough into your
mind for your good, my girl." " My mother?" said I. "Do
you not think I have some idea of what is reasonable and
honorable myself?" Captain Brown, after hearing so much of
our conversation, took his hat, and went to the Prophet: and
told him I was speaking disrespectfully of the Celestial Law.
Brother Brigham directed him to bring me with my aunt to
his house that evening, and they would talk to me of the con-
sequences of such sentiments. When Captain Brown return-
ed he was quite cheerful, and said very pleasantly to me,
" Brother Brigham has sent you an invitation to visit him
this evening, with us. I think we shall have a pleasant time,
will you go ?" I knew better than to decline, and I accord-
ingly went. We found Brigham with his first wife, Eliz*
Snow, and another of his wives. We had been there some
time, and the Prophet had exerted himself to make the risi
Narrow Escape from becoming a Spiritual. 177
easy and agreeable, when he at length turned to me and said,
" Well, Nett, what do you think about men who marry their
step-daughters ?" " And half sisters," said I. * That is not
the question I asked you," said the Prophet with severity.
M I know it is not " replied I ; " but the first wife of George
Watt has occasion to ask this question very often, as his
second wife claims it as her right, to take the lead in the man-
agement of home affairs on the ground that she is the half-
sister of her husband, they having a common mother. The
spirits of a half brother and sister, husband and wife, would
be likely to be the most congenial."
The Prophet appeared somewhat nettled at this, and said,
" I discover you are in the habit of making light of sacred
matters. Have you never received the- gift,»and felt the
power of the Holy Ghost, which it is the privilege of every
one to feel who has been confirmed under the hands of one
of the Apostles of Jesus Christ?"* "I was confirmed" I
replied," by John C. Page, at that time one of the Apostles, but
he has since apostatized, which may account for my not having
experienced the change of which you speak. And yet I
must admit that I was at one time healed by old father Baws-
ley, under peculiar circumstances. I had the rheumatism in
my right arm, for several months, and at length it was so dis-
abled that I could scarcely straighten it. The old man came,
;md anointed it with consecrated oil, and prayed, and rubbed
the arm a long while, and I was then able to straighten it
with ease, and that was the last of the rheumatism, which
• Sometimes represented to be " Apostles" of Joseph Smith. There
is a difference of opinion in the Ohurch upon this point.
8*
178 Fifteen Years among the Moemons.
resulted I suppose from some virtue of the oil, or perhaps
from the friction. "
" By virtue of the Priesthood," said the Prophet. " I see
you must have a husband to strengthen your faith. Perhaps
brother Brown would suit you. I know he is somewhat old,
but then you will be less likely to be jealous of him, than you
would of a younger husband."
" Uncle," said I, " necessity may compel me to marry you,
but nothing else will. As far as Mormonism is concerned, as
it existed eight years ago, I believe it. I am a Mormon as
Mormonism was then understood : and it may be right now ;
but I do not understand it. I do not see through this new
order of things." " But no doubt you will yet," said Mrs.
Cobb, anotheifcof Biigham's wives, who had just come into
the room.
The Prophet had watched me closely during this conversa-
tion, as if expecting to hear some damnable heresy, and I
knew Captain Brown had represented my case in no very
favorable light to him, and I was determined he should get
no advantage of me. He turned to the redoubtable captain,
whose prospect of being sealed to me that night was now
growing less and less, and said :
* Captain Brown, I cannot see that Nett is altogether be-
side herself, she can get along yet without a husband. Her
case is not desperate by any means. Plenty of our women
believe as she does. All she needs u a little time."
I knew by this what the intention of Capt. Brown had been.
He had expected the Prophet would have " counselled " me to
be sealed to him then and at once, which would have been equal
.Narrow Escape from becoming a Spiritual. 179
to a command to do so ; and a refusal would have involved
me in serious difficulty. I therefore took occasion to say to
him what I understood to be his aim in citing me before the
Prophet.
The latter said to me." No matter as to that. All you have
to do is to obey * counsel,' and if you do not do that, you
know the consequences as well as Captain Brown."
The Prophet possesses the faculty of settling such differ-
ences, and harmonizing discordant elements, without compro-
mising his dignity or authority to a remarkable degree. The
constant recurrence of similar cases has made him an adept in
reading human nature, and enables him to divine at once, if
there should chance to be a selfish, or personal motive at the
bottom, and by his skillful use of the cant phrases in common
16 among them, in which are embodied the ever present,
and ever acknowledged idea of his divine commission, he is
in general enabled to make a favorable impression upon both
parties, and, to use his own words, " to strengthen the stakes
of Zion."
As for myself, this interview admonished me of the delicacy
of my position, and especially that it behoved me to avoid,
rather than disobey, the counsel of the Prophet. As for the
captain he considered himself a disappointed lover, and found
it hard to bear up against the fate of single blessedness to
which he had been doomed, with but eight wives to tolaoi
him. It is due to Captain Brown that I state, that he bad
d with some distinction in the Mormon battalion in the
Mexican war.
ISO Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
CHAPTER XVII.
u SEALED " TO THE BUTCHER FOR ETERNITY A FEARFU/
DISCOVERY.
I was left in the undisturbed enjoyment of personal free-
dom for some time after this ; and my life passed pleasantly
enough, in the exercise of due care not to speak openlv
against the general principles of Mormonism.
Nothing had occurred to disturb my quiet, until one day a
message came in some haste from the Prophet directing me
to come to his office immediately. I had never for a moment
hesitated in obeying his commands, and always, I believe, with-
out thinking it a hardship, for I still believed in him as the
Head of the Church.
My readers can form but an imperfect estimate of the ab-
soluteness of the Prophet's rule, or the cheerfulness with which
obedience to him is rendered. The performance of this duty
is counted a pleasure among the faithful, and it is evidently
the intention of the Prophet to make it attractive. For in
stance, when ho issues a command, he does it under the pleas-
ing fiction of administering u counsel," although it is well
understood, that to disobey such "counsel," would betoincui
the greatest peril, as well for this world as the next.
Sealed to the Butcher for Eternity 181
Upon going to his office, I found the Prophet alone. He
said to me kindly : " Nett, you are determined, I see, to up-
hold Mormonism, notwithstanding it goes against your natu-
ral feelings. Being in something of a hurry, I must be brief
with you. I suppose you understand that I have selected the
Bishop of your ward for your * spiritual ' husband for eter-
nity. I have done this in order to effect some things about
which I cannot be very explicit to-day, as I have not time
But he is a good man, such as woula 3uit me if I were a
woman. You need not live with him on earth unless you
wish. But it is necessary to have a husband to ' resurrect '
you. And more than that, it has become your duty to
have children ; but I do not now feel at liberty to insist upon
such a thing. Brother Jones has spoken to me several times
about you, and I think myself, it is a good plan to have you
* sealed ' before you get an opportunity of marrying a ( Gen-
tile.' The place is filling up with them, but I'll put * stop to
their career before long."
I was at first somewhat alarmed ; but before he h*d
finished I regained my self possession. I told him abou
Smith, hoping he would give his consent to my being * sealed
to him, as Smith passed now for a Mormon.
To this the Prophet objected, saying, u he is a stranger,
and had better stay and be tried before he marries a Mor-
mon girl. He should go upon a mission and return honor-
ably, pay his tithing, work on the Temple, and the like,
before he thinks of being ' sealed ' to any of us."
To which I replied, " Brother Brigham, I very much fear
1 shall not want Nathaniel Jones in heaven, as I have so
182 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
great an aversion to him on earth. But as far as marry-
ing for eternity is concerned, one would be the same as
another. You may therefore perform the ceremony with what-
ever unction and virtue may belong to your office; but it
will not do for time. I trust you will remember that I would
rather die ; and I shall pay no attention to it until after
death. That is the way I understand it." Brother Brigham
replied, " Just as you and brother Jones can agree about that."
I had before this seen the danger of disobeying the Pro-
phet's " counsel ;" but it was a great mystery why he wished
me to be sealed to brother Jones. At all events, I dare not
lisobey, and to falter, was an implied disobedience.
Nathaniel V. Jones was a very fine looking man, about
thirty years of age. He was over six feet in height, and in
appearance was interesting and noble ; but he was well
known to be a hard, cruel man, as the sequel of his story will
show. He was the bishop of our ward, and by trade a
butcher. He soon came into the office, and sat down by my
side, looking very sedate, and after a moment he said,
"Brother Brighnm, I think upon the whole we have made a
very good selection." Then looking at me, he said, " Mary
Ettie, do you feel competent to fill the mission that has been
appointed you ?" I replied, " Sir, I do not fully understand
your meaning, but I can try to do almost anything."
Hereupon the Prophet rose up, and said, " We will now
proceed, with your own free will and consent, Nett."
I was so much excited, that it was with difficulty I could
stand. I trembled from head to foot ; Dut I managed to re-
ply, " Not with my free will. My consent is given with
Sealed to the Butcher for Eternity. 1S3
reluctance." I supposed this reply would induce Jones to
make some inquiry as to the state of my feelings concerning
Ihe matter; but he paid no attention to what I had said.
Brigham Young then read over the Celestial Law concern-
the matter of " sealing " for eternity. I cannot recall the
ceremony in form; but I recollect we were "sealed" against
all sins excepting the shedding, or consenting to the shed-
ding of innocent blood. The shedding of innocent blood
being understood to mean, taking the life of a Mormon,
or of the Lord's Anointed. Brother Brigham told me
I must expect to obey all "counsel" brother Jones might
see fit to give me upon all matters of importance. I
made no reply, but put on my bonnet, and went to brother
Kimball's, greatly distressed, and asked his first wife, if she
knew what to think of such proceedings. She told me, with
an air of sadness, she was not at liberty to disclose it to me,
if she knew all they intended me to do. Not so much from
what she said, as from what she declined to say, 1 saw myself
in the hands of those who had some views in regard to my
future, of which I was not informed, and upon which I had
not been consulted. I felt myself beset by a mysterious
power, not beyond my control only, but beyond my know-
ledge. Mormonism was assuming a new and fearful form.
From regarding it with feelings of reverence and love, whi<-h
from childhood had been my wont, I began to quake and
tremble at its encroachments, and now I shuddered outright
under the vague sense of an approaching evil, too hidden for
my detection, and too powerful for my resistance.
Oppressed with this conviction, I went home, hoping to meet
184 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
Smith there, that I might inform him of the new turn affairs
had taken with me ; and indulging the wish that he might
find some way by which we could escape from the dangers
that thickened around us. But before I saw him, Jones
came to our house, and said, " Mary Ettie, I wish you to
board at my house, and teach the ward school."
I told him I could not come then, and gave him some
excuse which satisfied him for the time. Jones had but one
wife, whose name was Rebecca. She was a sickly woman,
apparently just gone with the consumption, but she afterwards
recovered, when Jones left home for a year or two upon a
mission, as he did soon after this.
Within a few days, Smith came in, and I told him what
Brigham had done, and what I had reason to expect. He
was very much disturbed at Rearing my story, and after list-
ening seriously to the whole of it, he said, " Nettie, if you
can, you had better avoid going to Jones's ; but if he insists
upon it, you must go. But never yield to what he no doubt
intends to extort from you, i. e. to become his wife in fact."
As he said this, his voice fairly trembled with rage and manly
resolution. I begged him to calm himself, as I saw the idea
of open resistance was in his mind. After the reflection of a
moment, he did so ; and then we calmly discussed our posi-
tion, and coolly looked the danger in the face.
He at length said, " Trust not in the arm of flesh, Nettie ;
but pray to your Heavenly Father for deliverance — to the
God of the Bible — to the Christian's hope — not to this Mor
mon ideality. I can see no way by which I can get away
from here with you at present. I would to God I could. I
Sealed to the Butcher for Eternity. 185
have taken a farm about fifty miles from here, and I have
given currency to the idea that I am a Mormon, and if I am
not betrayed, I shall yet accomplish what has been so long
the wish of my heart. I shall pay my tithing, and do every-
thing that Mormonism can require of me that is not positively
wrong, until I can get the recommendation of my bishop, and
then we can marry under the provisions of their own creed."
Smith's hopeful view of the future somewhat cheered me,
but when he left, I still had serious forebodings. He had
scarcely gone from the house, when brother Jones came in,
and said to me, " I wish you to come up, and stay with Re-
becca a few days. I am going away. Will you come ?" I
replied, " I can do anything from which there is no escape."
To which he said, " You always make that reply. After a while,
I will see if you will do anything. People who appear so
submissive, are generally the hardest to manage in the end."
14 1 should suppose," said I, " you would by this time regard
me as easily managed."
"If you are, I have misunderstood your character."
He then required me to promise that 1 would come up im-
mediately, and left. As I bad promised, I soon went to
brother Jones's house, and found he was going away ashe had
said. When he was gone I had a long talk with his wife,
from whom I soon learned that Mormonism was killing her
by inches. Poor thing, she wa3 not the only victim to this
cruel delusion among the trusting women, who had come to
the valley believing in the Prophet, and in a faithful husband
who afterwards deserted them for some " spiritual," with a
younger face, whose spirit was le^s careworn and broken
186 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
by harsh neglect. Her agonized soul was crushed under B
system against which she dare not rebel. Of its terrible bit-
terness she had never before uttered a whisper.
Mormon women dare not disclose, even to each other, the
story of their wrongs; but if not "read of all men," they are
at least understood by an intuition, sharpened by a personal
experience among their own sex. Words are unnecessary. A
common fate oppresses them. The forlorn look, and wild
abandon of some, and vacant acquiescence of others, and the
common sadness of all, tells its own story. It is true that
many Mormon women find themselves capable of acquiescing
cheerfully in this arrangement, and many more do so in ap-
pearance ; but I have no hesitation in expressing the opinion,
founded upon actual observation made during a life spent
among them, that at least two-thirds of them, if they were at
liberty to act freely, would to-day repudiate Mormonism, and
avail themselves of Gentile protection, if it were once proffered
in a safe and reliable form.
It was quite late at night when Jones came home, and
he went to bed immediately, telling us to be very particular
and wake him, and get breakfast before daylight the next
morning.
He repeated the direction so many times, that it excited
my curiosity, and I asked Rebecca what it meant.
After Jones was asleep, she told me something was vvrong.
She said brother Jedadiah M. Grant, and others, had been
a' h9r husband's meat-market several times that day ; and
that Nathaniel, meaning her husband, had borrowed my
mother's dog. and taken it to the market, and had chained it
Sealed to the Butcher for Eternity. 187
by the door. Our curiosity was greatly excited by these
extraordinary movements about the meat-market. Rebecca
then said, she had no meat in the house for break-
fast. I told her not to wake Jones, as I knew where he had
put the keys of the market, and that I would go after the
meat myself. I could do this with safety so far as the dog
was concerned, as the animal knew me well, being my
mother's watch-dog, Pete, and a great favorite with us.
My curiosity was aroused, and, if possible, I was bent upon
solving the mystery connected with the market. I went to
bed and soon fell asleep, but awoke again long before morn-
ing, and getting up, I dressed myself, and going carefully to
their bed, took his pantaloons from under his pillow, and in
one of the pockets found the keys after a little, and succeeded
in getting away from the bed without disturbing him.
It had been a dark night, and was none the less so when I
left the house. The market was nearly half a mile off. Tak-
ing a lantern with me, I arrived there safely, and found John
Norton on guard before it. He was one of our nearest neigh-
. and also one of the regular police. He knew me well,
and also knew of my going to Jones's to stay with Rebe
the day before, as well as that I had been, with the rest of my
family, upon friendly terms with the Prophet. My brother
Bo ward being one of his clerks or secretaries, he had always
!■; it a point to treat us with consideration. The Prophtt
•ailed but a few evenings previous, and taken me to the
;:e, which was noticed by John Norton, as he happened
to be in our house at the time. These facts threw him off
188 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
his guard, otherwise my further progress would have been
arrested.
A.s I approached him, he appeared astonished at seeing me,
and asked where I was going ; and I told him, with an air of
indifference.
" Have you the key ?" said he.
" Certainly : how could brother Jones expect me to go in
without that ?"
He then said encouragingly, " won't you be frightened ?
Either of my wives would go into hysterics."
I replied, that I feared the living more than the dead.
Why I said this I know not ; for if I had known what I was
about to encounter, I should have fled at once ; and yet, as
the sequel will show, my answer could scarcely have been
more in accordance with the facts. He questioned me no
further, and I unlocked the door, while he continued his
patrols up the street. I found the meat hanging around the
walls as usual. I had often been there before in the daytime
for meat. I held up the light, and was about stepping fo?*-
ward to find a suitable piece for breakfast, when I ctum-
bled and nearly fell over the body of a man, lying at full
length, just inside the door, stretched upon the earth, for
there was no floor to the shop. I lowered the light quickly,
and was alarmed to discover that it had the appearance of
being a dead body. I could hear no breathing. I stood for
a moment paralyzed. A quilt was thrown over all except the
feet. Tt then occurred to me that the man had been intoxi-
cated, and possibly was not dead, and might have been
A Fearful Discovery. 189
arrested by the night-guard, and laid there to sleep off the
fumes of drunkenness.
This gave me courage, and my woman's curiosity prompted
me to make further investigation, Stepping nearer, I spoke
to him, but he made no reply. Determined not to be foiled,
I stooped down, and with some difficulty, pulled the blanket
from his head, which seemed to be fastened in some manner
around it. I was delayed for a moment in undoing the obsti-
nate fastenings, but when they gave way, a sight was revealed
that sickened and horrified me. The head fell away nearly
severed from the body. It was indeed a corpse, just murdered
as I believed by the Mormons, and by direction and full
knowledge of the Heads of the Church.
The blood yet lay in clots upon the ground. He was not
murdered at that place, as there would have been a greater
show of blood, but had probably been brought to the market
after the act, for concealment until he could be buried. As
brother Grant and others had been at the market during the
day and evening, they must have known all about it. The
neck had the appearance of having been nearly severed by a
strong blow of something like an axe.
He was a very tall, stout man ; and I think had black hair.
Upon his boots he wore a pair of Spanish spurs. I did not
notice his dress otherwise, as he was mostly covered by the
blanket, and cannot give a description of his features, as I
was too much shocked to observe anything closely.
I was never able to get a clue to the history of this mur-
dered man, or the causes which led to it. He was probably
a u Gentile," on the way to or from the gold mines, and
190 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
may have left his company to make purchases at the city, or
something of the kind, and probably had made an imprudent
show of money ; and thus had fallen a victim to Mormon
cupidity. For I afterwards had reason to believe that a mere
money consideration, was sufficient inducement for the sacri-
fice of human life by the Mormons, when it was only the life
fa" Gentile " that stood in the way. This was the first
proof positive that had fallen under my own personal obser-
vation, and set at rest forever, in my own mind, the long-
mooted question, as to the real character of our Church. The
taking of human life was countenanced by the Heads of the
Church. And certainly nothing of that kind had been done
without the " counsel " of the Prophet. It was then a Church
dogma, that the hand of the Mormon was to be against the
"Gentile" forever, and in all things. I knew this could not
be right.
Hastily cutting some meat, and crushed by the responsi-
bility of my new discovery, I re-locked the door, and wended
my way back, deeply regretting the rash curiosity that had
put me in possession of a fearful secret. The image of the
headless man, all booted and spurred, still clouded my imagi-
nation, with the thought that may be some loving wife, a
stranger in a strange land, was at that moment listening,
with an anxiety that would not sleep, for a footstep she
should hear no more, or for the well-known whinny of his
steed, while both were lost to her forever.
When I arrived at the house, Jones was just getting up
I went directly to the kitchen, where he soon followed me, say-
ing, in an excited manner, " Mary Ettie, where have you been ?v
A Fearful Discovery. 191
I told him very calmly that 1 had been after some meat
" What possessed you to go ?" said he.
" What do you think ? The evil one perhaps."
He replied, " I intended to have gone for the meat myself."
I called his attention to what -I had told him the dav
before, to the effect that "I could try to do almost anv-
thing."
" I recollect it," said he, " and I will try you. To-night
you must sleep in my bed. It will not do to allow a woman
who knows what you have discovered this morning by
intrigue, to live without a husband to control her. You
must remain here to-day, and to-night you must yield to the
decree of fate."
" And before night, perhaps," said I.
He took my hand, and said reverently, u May the Lord
bless you, Mary Ettie."
He then left immediately, saying he might not be at home
that evening, but expected to.
I have no words at command by which to express nn
state of mind when left alone. I saw a crisis in my affaire
was approaching. I had suffered so much already that it
appeared impossible for humanity to bear more. I vent to
my chamber, and kneeled down, and prayed my Heavenly
Father for protection from this new danger that threatened
me ; but when I had laid my soul's agony before Him, with
the full conviction that I had no other hope, it there occurred
to me to doubt whether I had any hope even there; and that
I had often prayed to be delivered from the oppression of
oruel men, and that I was unprotected still. Then a terrible
192 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
thought came into my mind. The cold hard reality of my
earthly lot froze my soul with horror The iron of despaii
went to mv heart, and I cowered shivering upon the floor.
When I rose again, my soul had taken measures for its own
protection. During the day, I went to the office of Dr.
Hodgekiss and procured a phial of laudanum, which I seeieted
aafely about my person, and returned to Jones's house.
The Escape.
CHAPTER XVIII
THE ESCAPE.
The day was passed in a state of mind bordering upon
insanity. Not once did my soul relent its high purpose. I
thought often of Smith. It was hard to part; but either
alternative was the same as far as he was concerned. If 1
submitted to Jones, Smith was lost to me, and if dead, I was
lost to him. It was all the same ; I chose to die rather than
Mibmit to vileness or violation.
Jones did not return that evening, and I went to bed to pass
a sleepless night of agony. I fell at times into an unsound
sleep only to start affrighted by horrid dreams, and I was
glad to see the light again. But early enough in the morn-
ing he returned. I knew when he came in his hands were
polluted by the stain of innocent blood, and that the object
of his absence had been to put aside all traces of his victim.
But why should I hate him alone for that ? Was he not
tcting in concert, and even under the direct orders of the
Prophet and the Heads of the Church ? Jones went to his
room, and dressed himself very finely, and after breakfast
called me in, saying he would like to have some conversation
with me. As I went in, I found him sitting in a large rock-
9
194 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
mg-chair. His room was pleasantly furnished. He said;
u Sit down upon my lap, Mary Ettie ; you can do it now as
well as a month from now."
I did not move, but stood perfectly amazed, and yet this
was what I had expected. He said at length, u Have you
forgotten what brother Brigham told you ?"
" I have not ; but have you no more principle than to take
advantage of a submission extorted from me when I was not
free, but under the compulsion of the Prophet's ' counsel V
Where is your manhood ?"
" That," said he, " was done for your good, and must be
explained to you hereafter."
" Brother Jones, T will not ask for an explanation," said I,
" if you will permit me to go to my mother's house. May I
go."
The fiend, laughing, arose from his chair as if to come
to me.
" Stay where you are, for I would rather feel the cold and
slimy touch of a serpent than be near you."
He laughed outright, and moved towards me again, saying,
as he came, with a show of resolution, " the bishop is not to
be trifled with."
" Neither is his prisoner," said I.
There was not a moment to lose. Taking the phial of
laudanum, and drawing the cork, I swallowed the contents
before he reached me or half comprehended my intention ;
and then throwing the empty phial to him, asked if he was
atisfied, and if he would send for my mother. He caught
The Escape. 195
me in his arms, and rushed into the other room, saying,
" Rebecca, here, Mary Ettie has killed herself."
Rebecca, who fully understood how the facts were, replied
with a spirit I had never before seen her exhibit, " and you
are her murderer, and I think you will find you must answer
for it in the end."
Jones then left me on the bed, and went for Dr. Hodge-
kiss, and soon my mother and sister Lizzie came. They gave
me some strong coffee and an emetic, and when the physician
arrived, he said I was out of danger, and that the quantity I
had taken had saved me. In my inexperience I had taken
too much, which had the effect to throw the drug from the
stomach before it had time to poison fatally. My mother
did not leave me that night, and in the morning I went home
with her, without let or hindrance from Jones. The latter
was under the necessity of acknowledging himself defeated,
and for some reason he was soon after sent away upon a
foreign mission. He went to Hindoostan, where he remained
until the fall before we left the valley.
Mr. Smith was at this time on his farm fifty miles away,
but it so happened that he had sent a hired man to the city
for meat, who arrived the morning on which I had taken the
poison. The climate of Utah is so remarkably pure, that
fresh meat, if hung ten feet 'or more from the ground, will
keep perfectly well for a long while*; and hence the farmers
who kept but few cattle, or the beginners in the new settle-
ment, came from great distances to supply their wants in this
line at the city markets. Smith's man was getting his supply
ot the moment I had taken the poison, and at the news soon
196 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
flew, he heard of it, and came to my mother's to learn the
facts, and then he hurried home. When Smith heard what
had happened, he mounted a horse, and came to me in all
haste.
The next day I was standing at the window, and saw a
gentleman dismount at our door, from a noble, but appa-
rently over- ridden horse.
I think it will be deemed a pardonable vanity in me if
I give a short description of the rider. He was a tall,
young, and, to my eyes, a fine looking-man ; and feeling as I
did just then, after my narrow and perilous escape, it was the
happiest meeting of my life. In accordance with the custom
of the country, he wore a broad Panama hat, white linen
pantaloons, and a black satin vest, while a sash encircled his
waist, with buckskin gauntlets that reached to his elbows, and
leggings of the same, with spurs at the heels. He was so
covered with dust, that one not well acquainted would scarce
have recognized him. This was Reuben P. Smith, and I
received him with joy, which I flattered myself was mutual
between us. Smith was impatient to hear all the facts of my
late peril. I told him the whole story, to which he listened
with great eagerness, and his heavy breathing during the
recital told how deeply he felt.
When I had finished he said, his whole soul swelling with
rage : " If I ever find that precious scamp out of this terri-
tory, he shall know the pleasure of having a lariat around his
neck." "Oh, I suppose," said I, wishing to appease his useless
excitement, M he would prefer to remain, and have a Mary
Ettie around his neck." This had the effect I had expected,
The Escape. 197
and he said, laughing : " Well, I hardly think I could blauin
nim for wishing that, although it would very much interfere
with my arrangements." We then went into an earnest and
serious review of our present position. Judging from what
had happened since we last met, the prospect before us was
not very flattering. Smith concluded the best thing for us
both was, for me to remain with my mother, as quietly as pos-
sible until spring, and to obey the " counsel " of Brigham
Young, in everything. By that time he could succeed in
establishing a character as a faithful Mormon, when he would
get the recommendation of his Bishop, and we could be mar-
ried. In the meantime, he thought it best to say nothing
about going to California "
He did not wish to excite remark by making a long visit,
and therefore he soon left me, to return to his farm, saying,
we should not meet again perhaps till spring.
When he was gone, I was very lonely. Soon after this
my brother Uriah was sent to California to trarsact some
business, and we were still more alone.
193 Fifteen Iears among the Mormons.
CHAPTER XIX.
MY FATHER'S FRIEND DR. ROBERTS.
1 was not long idle, but soon fell under the notice of the
Prophet. I was made an unwilling instrument in his hands,
for the service of the Church, in a manner I had little expected.
Since the terrible discovery I had made at the market, I was
not only prepared to believe his followers were capable of the
perpetration of any crime, but I fully comprehended how
utterly powerless I was, alone in the midst of such a swarm
of his devoted creatures.
Towards spring a circumstance unfortunately "happened
which well illustrated the state of things at this time existing
among us. It would appear that an old man, a Dr. Roberts,
who had lived in Illinois, and was acquainted with my father,
there, was on his way to California from the States, intending
to get through before winter set in. He succeeded, however,
in getting only to Utah, late in the fall, and was obliged to
lay over, for the winter, near Salt Lake City. He had heard
before he left Illinois, that my father's widow and some of her
children were with the Mormons ; and after his arrival at Utah,
from what he saw and learned concerning the Church, and the
position occupied by women in it, he conceived it possible
My Father's Friend — Dr. Koberts. 199
that we might wish to return to the States. By inquiry ho
had heard that I was living with my brother Howard Coray.
Dr. Roberts was at this time stopping at Utah, a settlement
at Utah Lake, about forty miles south of the city, from which
place he addressed me a letter, and sent it by a brother Red-
field, who was a Mormon ; telling him at the same time, that
I was at Howard's.
Brother Redfield therefore left the letter according to direc-
tion, and handed it to Martha, Howard's wife, who, supposing
the letter was for herself, opened and read it, without noticing
it was directed to me, although I happened to be present.
The contents of the letter, as near as I can recollect, were as
follows. The writer said he knew my father, who was his
personal friend in his lifetime, in Illinois; and that they
were both masons. That my father had as a friend and a
mason, on one occasion, rendered him an essential service,
which he had never been able to reciprocate before he died ;
but that he should esteem it a pleasure if he could repay it
in a measure now by doing his children a service ; and that
he knew of no way by which he could do this so well, as by
making an effort to restore my father's family to a land of
Christian freedom. That unless he had mistaken the state
of things at Utah, the females of our family would be likely
to avail themselves of the first opportunity to escape, and that
he would undertake to effect this for us, if we wished it. He
was prepared, he said, to take us along with his company to
California in the spring. This was a mystery to Martha, and
without reflection, she read the letter to the company that
happened to be present ; and upon further examination, it was
200 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
found to be addressed to me. Robert Berton, who was con-
nected with our family by marriage, was there, and he took the
letter directly to brother Brigham ; and it was not long before
they both came back to see me, bringing the letter with them.
The Prophet said, as he came in, " Well, Nett, how do you
do ? I understand you have a very good friend in the Terri-
tory." I replied that I knew nothing about it; but it
appeared that some one had taken some interest in us, but
I believed it was on my father's account. " Yes," said Brig-
ham, " I did not know your father ; but they say you are
the exact image of him; and that he had a great many
friends; but this Dr. Roberts is not going to interfere with
the gathering of the Saints, nor with the building of the
Temple. The imp of Satan shall be foiled this time. I am
going to advise you what to do. I must acknowledge it to be
a great expedition for a woman ; but you can do it, and
must." Taking a letter from his pocket, which he handed
me, he said, " Write him a letter like this." The letter he
handed me directed the doctor when and where to come and
see me ; and gave him encouragement as to the object he had
in view, expressing a desire to go with him. I copied the
letter by the direction, and in the presence of the Prophet,
not thinking it safe to decline to do so. When the letter
was finished, he put it in his pocket, saying, " This shall bring
in the dimes before we get through with it." Then turning
to me, he said, " Nett, you look as if you had lost all your
friends, while I am sure you are getting more every day. I
wish you could ever be contented, and obey my counsel
cheerfully."
My Father's Friend — Dr. Roberts. 201
" Brother Brigham," said I, " this business does not suit my
taste. I can plainly see how the duty you have imposed
upon me, if fully successful, is likely to affect at least one of
the parties seriously. I can see how it will be. I cannot
think of doing it."
" You cannot," said the Prophet, giving me a look that at
any other time would have frightened me beyond measure-
H You cannot," he repeated, still bending upon me that frown,
never yet met with defiance by one of the Church, and before
which even the " Apostles " are wont to quail. " Nett," he said
at length, in his sternest mood, " what do you mean ? Can
you not do what you have covenanted to do ? to be firm, and
unshaken, ever willing to obey the command of your guide
and Saviour V
" Brother Brigham," said I, with a firmness of resistance I
had never before felt in his presence, " are you my Saviour ?"
" Most assuredly I am," said he. " You cannot enter the
Celestial Kingdom, except by my consent. Do you doubt it ?"
" My belief," said I, * is not what it was one year ago, al-
though I never expect to leave the Church. I am, in fact,
not so much in doubt as to the leading doctrines of the Church,
as I have heretofore understood them, as I am how to recon-
cile these doctrines, new and old, with each other."
" Leave the Church," said he, " that is impossible. You may
yet become reconciled to the spiritual wife doctrine, and I real-
ly hope you may for your own good. As to that Smith, T
believe he is an impostor ; that he talks one thing to his
bishop, aixl maybe another thing to you. But as he has gained
the good will of his bishop, and as we can find nothing of
202 FiFfEEN Years among the Mormons.
importance against him, we are compelled to fellowship him.
But now to the point. When tne doctor comes, tell him
you will go, if he can assure you against all liability of being
left destitute on the way, at the mercy of strangers in a
strange land. Tell him you have no money of your own, and
that it would be too much risk to set out with him, unless he
is abundantly able to take you through. Now, Nett, in this
manner you will find out how much money he has, and if he
has enough worth our while, you must start with him, and we
will have what money or valuables he has. For ' the earth
is the Lord's and the fullness thereof.' When he comes, first
find when his company starts, and then tell him you cannot
get ready until a day or two after they are gone, and that he
must come after you alone, as otherwise your friends would
mistrust, and prevent your going. Tell him you will meet
him at Capt. Brown's, who lives at the last of our settlement
on the road to California. You can explain to him that one
of Capt. Brown's wives is your aunt, and that you can go
there under the pretence of making her a visit. This letter
will bring him — now, be on hand."
The Prophet, while giving me these instructions, had
warmed himself into a better humor, and now addressed me
in that spirit of genial frankness, so full of winning ways,
which forms so important an element in his character. I
saw it would be impossible to disobey him and live, and I
thought it best to trust in Providence for the result. My re-
fusal could not save the doctor, while it would endanger me,
and it was not impossible that I should be able to give him
some sign of warning when he came, which would prevent
My Father's Friend — Dr. Eoberts. 203
his exposure on my account. I therefore said to the Piophet,
with an apparent submission to his " counsel," that I would go
with the doctor, and added that I would take him some other
route, and we should finally both make our escape. To this
he said, laughing, "I will risk that, Nett. We have too
many ' Danites ' on the watch, and always engaged in sim-
ilar expeditions, for that. All the passes of the country are
guarded. By the way, I find the doctor has been in town
lately, and provided himself with a splendid carriage for the
occasion."
The knowledge of this fact took me by surprise, and excit-
ing my pity for him anew, I said, " Brother Brigham, I do
not like to do this."
" What is the reason !" said he, persuasively. " I should
like it, as well as to conquer the enemy in any other way.
What is he trying to do ? Why he is trying to lead one
of the daughters of Zion to hell ;" and he struck the table
near him as if he would have demolished it.
" I think I have heard," said I, " my father read in the Bible
long ago, when I was very small, that vengeance was the
Lord's, and that He would repay, or something to that effect."
"Certainly," said Brigham ; " but do you suppose He will
come down and do this thing himself? and that He will be-
come a visible being, playing smash here among the Gentiles?
or will he choose the more natural and consistent way of
sending His servants to do it for him ? According to your
opinion, He would not require us to preach His gospel. We
are in his hands as our servants are in ours. If I should take
a bridge to build, I should not build it with my own hands,
204 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
but by the hands of my servants, and still I should be the
builder of the bridge. So it is with the work of the Lord.
We cannot be exalted without Him, nor can he be exalted
without us. He was once a man striving, as we are now, for
exaltation, and we shall sometime be gods, of different de-
grees of exaltation, in proportion as we are successful in this
world in carrying out the objects of our Church. But you
must understand all about this hereafter. I have not time to
preach to you longer at present. You certainly understand
enough for our present purpose. You will start with the
doctor for California, will you not, if he wishes it ?"
" I cannot see how I can avoid it," said I. " Do you intend
to murder him ?"
" Nett," said he, earnestly, "yow shall not be hurt, depend
upon that, except that if you do not go, and carry out our
plans concerning him, your blood atones for the neglect."
Summoning what courage I could under the circumstances,
I replied, "I am not very easily frightened, but that is
sharp talk. Do you mean exactly what you say ? And
if I go, will that save his life ? Come now, promise me this,
or I will not go. You will not kill my father's friend?
Grant me this. I might as well kill him myself, at my own
house, as to detain him from his company, to give you an
opportunity of doing it. Rob him if you will, but, I pray
you, spare his life. Do. Will you ?"
The Prophet made no further reply, but left the house at
once, without giving me the least encouragement upon thi9
ooint.
Not many days after this, a stranger called upon my mo-
My Father's Friend — Dr. Roberts. 205
ther, ard represented himself as living at Utah, and as being
in want of a school teacher, and said I had been recommend-
ed to him as such. Although my mother knew the plans of
the Prophet, she dare not expose them to Dr. Roberts, for he
was the stranger who had called in answer to my letter.
We soon made a bargain, and it was arranged between us tha
he should call for me at Captain Brown's, at Ogden city as in-
dicated by the Prophet I carried out the intention of the lat-
ter fully, as I dare not disobey, well knowing my movements
were under the constant surveillance of his creatures, by
whom I was surrounded, and that the consequences of any
attempt on my part, to thwart his plans, would be visited
upon my own head in the most summary manner. Indeed thf
steps of the doctor, were dogged from the time he entered tin
city, until he »eft it : and every word uttered by him, while
there, was reported immediately to the Grand Presidency.
Even his interview with me, and the manner he was received
by my mother was likewise reported. My readers can well
imagine the agony of my position. As soon as Dr.
Roberts left me, I went in accordance with instructions to re-
port to the Prophet ; I confess this was the saddest sacrifice I
had ever made at the shrine of my faith in Mormonism and its
Prophet. It was not only necessary that I should make a
faithful report of what had been already effected, but that I
should do so with a certain degree of cheerfulness, as an evi-
dence of good faith on my part. For although I knew the
Prophet would most likely overlook a mere show of reluc-
tance to do his bidding, as long as it had its origin in nothing
more dangeroMB than a woman1* repugnance to violence, or
206 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
crime, or respect to my father's friend ; yet I knew equally
well, that the first show of " heresy " or want of faith in him,
would be fatal to me.
The real difficulty of my position existed, after all in the
influence which he exercised over me in common with all the
Church. I could not divest myself of the idea of his divine
commission. I could not bring myself to disobey him. He
claimed to be my Saviour ; and I had been educated to believe
that his claims, however extravagant, were not to be disputed ;
and it was long after this, before I came seriously to question
his pretension as a Prophet of God : and even to-day, I some
times falter in the intention of giving these facts to the public,
when some new doubt clouds my future, and my belief in the
true God. Often am I startled from sleep at night, with the
inquiry, " is he not the Prophet, and will not his curse reach
me beyond the grave ? Am I not at war with my fate ! And
if so, will not my future be terrible ?" Although I doubted
and rebelled against the new forms our faith was assuming,
and against that which, among many of us, both men and
women, was regarded as of doubtful orthodoxy, yet no ques-
tion of the legitimate and fundamental principles of Mormon-
ism had ever been seriously entertained by me.
It was not merely a question of my own existence in this
life, but of that also of the dread future : I believed both to
be under the control of the Prophet.
When I arrived at the Prophet's house I found him
there. He said as I entered, u Well, Nett, how is your
honor V1
This was a familiar form of address, he was in the habit of
My Father's Friend — Du. Kobekts. 207
using with those he wished to flatter. To which I replied,
"I have none."
" What have you done with it " said he, laughing.
My heart was too full for trilling ; but I felt the necessity
of disguising the real state of my feelings under an assu-
med plav of words — an airy badinage that should disarm his
suspicions of my unwillingness to go on with the work ho
had assigned me ; and I replied, " I must have left it in the
waters of the Mississippi where I was baptized, for if I ever
had any, it was when I was a child ; I certainly have none
now."
" And yet," said he, " you are on hand to roll on the work
of the Lord. You are aware that a Temple must be built,
in order that blessings may be bestowed upon the Saints more
abundantly ; and you will yet be as clay in the hands of the
potter."
I then gave him an account of what I had done : and of
all that had been said, and arranged between Dr. Roberts and
myself : with whioh he was very much delighted.
Hiram Clauson was in the room, absorbed in the study of
a tragedy, a part in which he was to play at the amateur thea-
tre, kept up by him and others, as one of the amusements
encouraged by the Prophet.
He was a young man of good parts, who had one wife
already, and was now seeking the hand of Alice, a daughter
of the Prophet, for another. The latter turned very much
elated and said, " Brother Hiram, you may take my horse
and buggy, and go with Nett to Ogden city and leave her at
Captain BfOWIlV
208 Fifteen Yeaks among the Mormons.
" Your will is my pleasure," said Hiram Clauson, " I suppose
you will let Alice go with me, will you not, brother Brigham V
" Certainly, my son," said the Prophet, caressingly, " and if
you are faithful, you shall have her for a wife some day."
The good humor of the Prophet was judiciously seized upon
by the ambitious lover, to secure the prize he had so much
coveted. It was very naturally esteemed a high honor among
the marriageable men, to win a daughter of the Prophet for a
wife : and brother Clauson went off in fine spirits, to get the
horse and carriage ready, while I went home to prepare tor
the journey.
Preparing to Entrap an Old Man. 200
CHAPTER XX.
PREPARING TO ENTRAP AN OLD MAN.
' It was with sad misgivings that I prepared to go upon the
infamous mission, from which I now saw no escape. It was
already well on towards noon, and no time was left for reflec-
tion. I was scarcely dressed for the occasion, when Hiram
Clauson drove to the door, with Alice in the carriage. He,
already the husband of one wife, and now happy in finding
himself affianced to another : while she, young and innocent,
but little comprehended the cruel future to which spiritual
wifeism was about to consign her.
Stepping into the street, prepared to go, I said, " good morn*
ing, sister Clauson."
" What do you wish me to understand," said Alice.
" Nothing more than that your father gave his consent
this morning, in my presence, to your marriage with Hiram."
44 There Alice," said brother Clauson," what did I tell youf
you did not believe me."
" How can one believe these Mormons," said I ; u but as for
you, Alice, being a daughter of the Prophet, and not altoge
ther dependent upon your husband, you may do well enough,
for you wil be still under the protection of your father. But
210 Fifteen Yeaks among the Mormons.
[ should advise you to remain single several years yet, as you
are very young."
Brother Hiram, who had listened with great patience, and
apparent pleasure until now, said testily, " Come, come, it is
getting late, and we must be off."
To which Alice replied. " I see Hiram would like to drop
this conversation. For my part I have a deep interest in it
especially now that my father has given me away to a man
who has one wife already, and is courting another besides me,
and both of them much handsomer than I am."
Hiram appeared greatly nettled at the turn the conversation
was taking ; for what Alice had stated was true. He was court-
ing a third wife, and of the three Alice was the least beauti-
ful. His young head was already fired with the ambition of
having many wives, which, next to the favor of the prophet,
was the surest passport to public favor and preferment in the
Church ; and he said with ill-disguised impatience, " Come
now, girls, the horse is becoming restive, and will not listen
to such folly ; I am unable to hold him."
Finding him in earnest, we got into the carriage, and he
drove into the country, in the direction of Ogden city. Our
course was northerly, and lay for a short way along the bank
of the gentle Jordan. It was one of those clear, bright morn-
ings so common in this climate. The balmy breath of spring,
which exists nowhere in such perfection as among the snow-
capped mountains of Utah, fanned the cheek into a ruddy glow
of health, and expanded the lungs to their fullest capacity.
The air of Utah appears to have been made for the especial
use of the lungs. The simple act of breathing in such an
Preparing to Entrap an Old Man. 211
atmosphere, is a pleasure. Under any other circumstances I
shouid have enjoyed the ride very highly.
Once in the open country, when the cloud occasioned by
our joint attack upon Hiram had passed away, our little party
were in the best of spirits, except that my own soul was
secretly upon the rack to provide some escape for the doctor,
or to avoid having anything to do with his destruction my-
self.
It was easy to see tnat the young people were happy to be
near each other. Hiram, evidently intending to call out a reply
from Alice, said at length, " What a lovely spring we have !"
"Yes," said Alice, "I hope we shall, have a pleasant
lime. I was thinking, Nett, what an exalted opinion you
ought to have of yourself, to be trusted upon such a mis-
sion as this. You can hardly imagine how highly my father
has spoken of you. He thinks you quite a heroine."
" Indeed. Did he send any further instructions by you V
" No," said Hiram. " I presume he thinks you are equal to
the management of the affair yourself. He says you under-
stand what is wanted, and if you wish, you can accomplish it.
But he is getting impatient with you on account of 4 our un
willingness to obey his counsel. How dare you chink of not
granting any request he may make of you ?"
" Oh ! as for that, I dare think for myself, however it may
be with what I have dared to do, or may dare. No one can
read my thoughts."
* Except my father ?" said Alice.
u Oh, your father ? why do you ask such a question ¥ But
how am I to get back, Hiram t
212 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
"lam going to leave Alice to come back with you."
"That is right," said Alice. "And we are going to
run off with the old doctor. Nett is willing I should be first,
and she will be second ?"
" I see," said Hiram, " you think it quite an object to be
the first wife. I cannot see what particular difference it could
make. But you forget that Gentiles have but one wife."
*' No matter," said Alice, " he will undoubtedly waive that
objection for this once for the benefit of romance. Let me
see, there will be a moon to-night. It will be enchanting to
elope by moonlight along this beautiful road, and then away
among the mountains, with a fine old gentleman, whose head
is silvered by a good old age. Hiram, do let us go off with
him. What inducement can we offer you to keep still until
we are too far gone to be overtaken ?"
"Inducement ? Why, Alice, that would cost me my head.
And besides, it would be impossible for you to get away."
Thinking this trifling upon a dangerous subject had been
carried far enough, as it might lead to serious suspicions as to
myself, I said, laughing, " Hiram, do you think we would
go?'
" He knows very well," said Alice, " that I would, before J
would be given away like an old mule to a man who has al-
ready one wife, and is seeking for others."
By common consent we hereupon dismissed the subject
with a laugh ; but I detected in the face of each, a trace of
serious concern which harmonized with a similar anxietj
within my own heart. This sprightly and somewhat preco-
cious girl, although educated under her father's personal in-
Preparing to Entrap an Old Man. 213
fluence, and never doubting Mormcmism, indeed never dream-
ing that to doubt was within the range of possibilities with
her, yet now, when her budding womanhood was about to
assert its sway over her woman's nature, she felt impelled, by
an instinct wiser than her own experience, and beyond her
own control, to reject that part of Mormonism which ignored
her woman's individuality — which cut her off from all the
true woman holds most dear — the right to possess, and hold
within the silken meshes of her love-enslavement, one man —
all her own. Without knowing it, she already stood braced,
as all Mormon women do, against this unnatural invasion of
her rights. I studied her position carefully, as a commentary
upon, and justification of my own refusal to be one of many
wives ; and as I recognized in her fine appreciation of the
noble instincts that stirred within her, an evidence of a supe-
rior womanhood, I foresaw a dark shadow rising to becloud
her future. And the prospect before Hiram was scarcely less
disheartening. The spirit of rebellion, which exhibited itself
in Alice, against the claims of the other wives, is still stronger
after marriage ; and I am of the opinion, that the end of
spiritual wifeism is as disastrous in its influence upon the
men as it is upon our sex. This unquiet chafing within their
own family circles, creates a necessity, as well as a wish, to
escape from the annoyance of their little wife communities, and
hence the love of home and family is constantly decreasing,
and the individual family is becoming more and more ab-
sorbed and swallowed up in that greater community of the
Church, of which *,he " Prophet " forms the controlling centre
and chief interest
214 Fifteen Yeaes among the Mormons.
Nothing has so much surprised me since my arrival in the
States, as the quiet and delightful peace which characterizes
the domestic relations of the Christian families with whom it
has been my privilege to associate ; and I am led to believe,
that this perfect individuality, existing in each separate fami-
y in this Christian land, cemented by the love and influence
of one wife and mother, is the real foundation on which rests
the future good of the State, and that the latter will be safe
and enduring, just in the proportion that these families re-
main as they are — isolated, virtuous, and strong.
We arrived in due time at Capt. Brown's. As we drove
up to the door my aunt and the captain came out to meet
us, the latter saying, in his pleasantest mood, " Well done,
Nett. I knew you would come home at last," which I re*
ceived as an evidence of a wish on his part to efface, as far aa
possible, the unpleasant recollections connected with his fail-
ure in getting himself sealed to me on a former occasion ,
and I met him in a similar spirit. The object of our visit was
well understood by them, and they were charged, under pri
vate instructions from the Prophet, with the general manage-
ment of this cruel " mission." The captain exerted himself to
make our stay pleasant, and as a relief against the harrowing
emotions which oppressed me, I accepted his efforts in our
behalf. We had what, under other circumstances would
have been recognized as a pleasant time, a cheerful and agree-
able company of invited guests, mingled with the home cir-
cle, while wit and humor enlivened the scene, and plays, and
various amusements, were the order of the evening. It was
late when the party broke up and we retired, and not till then,
Preparing to Entrap an Old Man. 215
when I attempted to address myself to sleep, did it occur to
me, how, like a band of brigands, we had demeaned ourselves.
Since we had, upon the eve of an expedition of robbery, and
may be of murder, resorted to light and airy amusements to
stifle reflection. Big and bitter tears came to my eyes, as I
reflected that our Church was simply a well organized com-
munity of thieves and robbers, who were not appalled by the
sight of human blood, when the success of our schemes re-
quired that blood should flow. It was enough to know all
this. It was enough to be unable to escape from the country,
now fully under the control of men who counselled and perpe-
trated such crimes, and from a religion which justified them ;
but it was too much to be an unwilling instrument for the ac-
complishment of the unworthy aims of these religious pirates.
I occupied a bed with Alice, in a room which we had to
ourselves, I did not go to sleep immediately and I noticed
she was also awake. Not wishing she should know I had
been crying, I dried up my tears, and asked her if sho war
satisfied with her lot. She was not surprised at the question,
for young as she was, she had become familiar with this grow
ing discontent among the women, and fully understood the
force of it. But as she did not answer me at once, and fear-
ing I had been overheard by Captain Brown who occupied a
room separated from ours only by a thin partition, with his
young wife Phebe, but eighteen years of age, I added in a
lower tone, that after all she had as yet no reason to be dis-
satisfied, since she was but a mere child, and being a daugh-
ter of the Prophet, she had less to fear than the generality of
her sex among us.
216 Fifteen \ears among the Mormons.
" Oh ! as for that," said she, " I was just thinking of the
subject to which you refer. I think if we all do as father
directs us, we shall soon be able to conquer the whole world :
and then, Nett, we shall be queens : and father says you shall
have a great palace, and many servants, chosen from among
the Gentiles. He says he knows many Gentiles in the States
who are good to work." '
"Men ?" said I.
" Yes. and women too. Father says the President of the
United States will yet be glad to black his boots, when the
thousand years of our reign upon earth commences ; and
that he will have him at it before long."
There was a trace of the father's ambition in the soul of the
young girl. I knew she had been instructed by her father to tell
me this : and not daring to express to her a doubt in his power
as a Prophet even if I had felt it, and wishing to change the
conversation, I said to her, " but do you not love Hiram V
" Oh yes," said she, " I think I do, but then you know that
his present wife, Ellen, is much better looking than I am ; and
Margaret, whom he is also courting, is prettier than either ol
us. Don't you think he is fine looking when he plays Don
Caesar upon the stage."
" Certainly, I think a great deal of Hiram myself," said I.
Alice replied ; " and I fear he thinks too much of you, for
he goes to your house every day, and Ellen tells me he goes^
there twice a day."
" Don't you understand," said I, " why he comes to our
house ? He meets Margaret there, as her mother will not
allow him to come near her house, or even speak to Margaret
Preparing ro Entrap an Old Man. 217
[ do not like to have them meet ther*, as I have no sympa-
thy with this spiritual wife business ; but mother does not
think it best to prevent it, as your father favors their wishes,
and would most likely be offended. But Ellen seems to be
very fond of Margaret herself; and she is said to favor the
match." *
It was by this time late : and we were just faliing asleep
when we were startled by the shrill notes of a female voice
at a high pitch of excitement, as it abruptly broke the still-
ness of the night, loudly berating some one for not going
• The spiritual wives are exhorted and instructed to use their influ-
ence to win by every possible means other " spirituals " to the home
of their husbands ; and this they often do, and for this reason, as
they say, that if their husbands will have more than one wife, they
have a choice, and they procure those most agreeable to them, and
under such circumstances, the husband seldom brings home a wife to
whom his " home circle " objects. The following is one of the " songa
of Zion " used in their public worship, the teaching, of which like
much of what is taught in their public meetings, inculcates this doc-
trine*
Now, slaters, list to what I say :
With trials this world is rife,
You can't expect to miss them all,
Help husband get a wife I
Now, this advice I freely give,
If exalted you would be,
Remember that your husband must
Be blessed with more than thee.
Then, ob, let us say,
God bless the wife that strives.
And aids her husband nil the cai
To obtain a dozen wives.
10
218 Fifieen Years among the Mormons.
home with her, " a- you have agreed :" said she, at the end
of her first burst of indignation. We were very soon
enlightened as to the principal ground of complaint : for she
made no secret of it. It appeared that Captain Brown had
married as a " spiritual," an old woman, one of his neighbors,
who was rich in oxen, sheep, and cows, and, as rumor said,
he had taken her for the sake of the property. In order to
avoid the annoyance of an unpleasant temper, which she
was known to possess, he consented she should still live in her
own house, and superintend the cattle, where from time to
time he paid his devotions : and as a general thing he had not
failed to do as he had " agreed." On this occasion, he had
been expected to be at her house, but on account of having
company, or from forgetfulness, had neglected it ; and she
had now come in person to assert what claims, and to enforce
what rights were due under the marriage contract.
When I afterwards saw her, I was not surprised at the dis-
cordant tones of her cracked voice ; for she was not only old,
ugly, and haggish then, but had the appearance of originality,
in the marked discord of the form and feature which charac-
terized her. I have no power of words at my command by
which to convey anything like a fair description of the char
acter, or state of feeling, indicated by her manner of deliver-
ing the following philippic, aimed at Captain Brown.
" You are mean," said she, " you grey headed old villain
Mr. Brown, you know very well, that you promised you would
pay as much attention to me as to any of your wives : and
you have put your brand upon all — yes, upon every one of my
cattle and sheep. I have told you over and over again, that 1
Preparing to Entrap an Old Man 219
would never submit to be treated as some men treat their
spirituals. Now come along, and stay at my house to-nigh t.,;
" Hush, hush," said Captain Brown, " and go home, and
mind your own business. You ought to be ashamed of your-
self, to come here this time of night, and raise such a row
when we have company. I'll come over in the morning.
You know, Mary, the business I have on my hands, just now —
that is the reason I did not come to-night."
" Oh, yes ; your business — your company, always some
excuse * * * Come now with me, or I will "
" Hold on," said the vanquished man of war, " I s'pose I
must go," muttering in evident bad humor, and loud enough
to be heard by us :
" You cross-eyed old fool. You will get your walking
papers soon, I wouldn't have you for all the cattle and sheep
in America."
As he went off with his attractive " spiritual," his wife
Phebe, who rather more than hinted that she was glad to get
rid of him, had a fine laugh at their mutual expense : and
when he was well out of ear shot, the house was in an uproar
with the immoderate giggling of the seven or eight women,
who were in bed under his roof. They laughed, and cracked
their jokes upon the ludicrous events of the night, until fairly
exhausted ; and would then calm down, and compose them-
selves to sleep ; when perhaps some new criticism upon the vali-
ant captain, and the cows his wife had brought him, would
renew the boisterous mirth until the house would explode in
a roar of uncontrolled laughter again. None enjoyed it bet-
ter than Phebe, except perhaps Alice ; who although accua
Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
tomsd to the ever recurring absurdities of Mormonism,
thought she had never seen anything more ridiculous in her
life. The captain had but few sympathizers among us, for it
was well understood he had married the old woman on account
of her property, and the assistance it would afford him in
supporting his other wives. The house was finally quiet, and,
one by one, they fell asleep ; but for my own part, I found
myself unable for a long time, to lose in the forgetfulness
of grateful slumber, the recollection of the sad " mission "
now upon my hands.
Robbery of Dr. Roberts. 281
CHAPTER XXI.
ROBBERY AND PROBABLE MURDER OF DR. ROBERTS.
It was late the following day when we awoke. The calm
beauty of early spring by which we were greeted brought
not its accustomed joy. Hiram returned to the city, and con-
trary to my expectations, he took Alice with him. I was
therefore left alone with my own thoughts, to work out the
dark " mission," assigned me by the Prophet I waited with
no small degree of anxiety for the coming of Dr. Roberts ;
for whatever was to be the result of the expedition, and whe-
ther I succeeded in giving him sufficient warning to save him
or not, I wished the unpleasant work off my hands. Time
passed slowly and heavily for the first day ; but the second
was marked by the passage of the company to which he be-
longed, which consisted of four wagons : oh, how I longed to
warn them that the Doctor, who was lingering behind, in order
to effect my escape, was in great peril ; but there was no
opportunity for that, I was watched every moment. A trusty
Mormon eye was always upon me. My every movement was
und*»r the notice of some one in the interest of the Prophet.
Three days after the main company had passed, if my recol-
lection is not at fault as to the exact time, Dr. Roberts camo
on, alone, and called at Captain Brown's, and inquired forme.
222 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
He brought a letter purporting to be from my mother ; which
was according to our previous arrangements. I took the let-
ter, and after reading it, told my aunt in his presence, that my
mother had sent for me, and that I was going home with this
gentleman, who I had introduced to her as Dr. Roberts. He
thereupon said he would call for me towards night. While
my aunt knew all the Doctor had done, or proposed to do, she
received him with well-dissembled indifference, and very inno-
cently asked him if he was a Mormon, and other questions
tending to disarm him of suspicion. No one among us was
so badly informed of what was going on as the Doctor, and his
own movements even were directed by Brigham Young,
through Mormons, who under his instructions, pretended to be
the Doctor's friends.
About dark of the same day, Dr. Roberts returned with
a very fine carriage, from the direction of the city. It
was covered, and drawn bv two fine horses. The whole estab-
lishment was well arranged for the journey for which it was
designed, and particularly adapted to the occupation of
females. It occurred to me at the time, that I had never
seen anything so pleasant and comfortable. I was now
racked by the bitterest anxieties. I had supposed Alice was
to go with me, as I could not believe they would trust me alone
with the victim, for the Prophet knew I would give him warn
ing. But Alice had been sent back to the city, for some reason
I did not at the time understand. I now believed I was to go
alone ; and I trembled with excitement at the prospect of
being able to to put him on his guard, if it was not already
too late to c*o so. It was a cloudy night, and was quite dark
Robbery of Dr. Koberts 223
when I stepped into the carriage, which drove off at once, at
full speed, while hardly a word was spoken ; and I ^id not at
first observe that I was not alone. I soon made the liscovery,
however, that I had company, and that Ellen, the wife of
Hiram Clauson, was with me. Ellen was about seventeen —
small, delicate, modest, and very pretty. It was difficult for
me to judge from appearances, whether Ellen or myself was
most astonished. At first I was perfectly confounded, but a
moment's reflection restored my self-command, and then it
occurred to me why Alice had been sent back to the city,
and that beyond question she had accompanied us in the first
instance, by the Prophet's directions, only to watch me.
When my first surprise was over, I said, " Ellen, where are
you going ?" She pressed my hand tightly, as a hint of cau-
tion, and said, in a tone of voice louder than she was in the
habit of speaking :
u Oh, you know my father, John Smith ? Well he is de-
termined I shall marry Brighani Young, and I accidentally
learned yesterday that this old gentleman was to start for
California to-day, and I went to him this morning before day-
light, to tell him my situation, and that I wished, if possible,
to escape a fate I so much dread. He has consented to take
me on with him. For which, may he be blessed of Heaven.
My family think I am at the lower part of the city, washing
at my sister's, and they do not expect me at home for several
days, and by the time I am missed, we shall be beyond then
reach, and if we are not, then they will be unable to tell
whether we have gone east or west. So I think we shall
have no difficulty in making our escape."
224 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
For an understanding of our position, I have only to state,
that Ellen was the daughter of Orson Spenser, a well known
Mormon in the city, and not of John Smith, as she had
represented. I saw at once the Doctor was lost ; at least
it was not within my power to save him. Probably the
Danites were already before and around us.
The old man, who had listened with attention to Ellen's
story, said, when she had finished., " I am aware there is a
great risk in this business, but we shall soon be met by two
men, who will pilot us to the camp of my party, where we
shall find those who will protect us, although at the peril of
life. But for the present, not a word ; we will talk when in
some safer place."
Our course lay directly north from Ogden.
The team sped on through the darkness ; the way led us
for the most part through the timber. The road was gene-
rally good, but there were in some places ditches and small
streams to cross, and we bounded on, and over them in a
manner, and with a success that was quite miraculous. The
horses were well chosen, I should judge, for while they were
easily managed by the Doctor, they yet flew over the ground,
as if inspired with the high duty they had in charge, even the
"mission" of our escape. The Doctor was perfectly self-
possessed, and seemed to be nerved to the highest pitch or
firm resolve He must have carefully studied the route, with
the view of driving over it at night. His whole soul wae
thrown into the management of the horses. Between him
and the noble animals, one would think, there existed a com
mon "'sympathy ; for they obeyed kindly his softest whisper
ROBBERY OF Dk. ROBERTS. 225
of caution, and sprang forward at Lis faintest chirrup. On
we tiew. For a time my soul was in agony. I felt it was
too cruel to remain an impassive spectator to the sacrifice of
•the brave old man, who had so generously staked his all, in
order to rescue two women, personally strangers to him ; and
it wrung my soul none the less, when I reflected, that he had
undertaken this on account of the gratitude he bore my
father.
The cool night-air that laved my burning cheek and tem-
ples, now on tire with despair, whispered consolation at last.
For it told me, after the first flush of excitement was over,
that so much nobleness of effort could not be lost. A better
Providence certainly must, and would interfere to save the
good old man. Then the crushing weight of despair gave
way to the healthy excitement of hope ; and my brain grew
calm, and I cooly entered into the estimate of chances. But
there was little ground for hope. Indeed, the more I reasoned
upon what I knew, the more the visible prospect for his
escape lessened. The very fact that Ellen had been sent by
Brigham Young, under the pretense of seeking protection,
but really in order to watch me, proved the Danites had the
matter in hand. Oh, the events of that night, and the swift
ride through the darkness, were scorched upon my very soul,
to Ia3t forever.
I have no idea how far we had been speeding on, when the
Doctor, whose ears and eyes were ever upon the stretch,
Raid suddenly, with an air of satisfaction, "All is well now, tl»6
men are coming to protect us against the miserable villains
inhabit this territory.,,
[0*
226 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
Ellen asked quickly, " Doctor, can you distinguish the color
of their horses !"
" Why, yes," said he, after a moment's pause, " one horse
is white, and that rather stumps me, for neither of our men
had white horses "
She gave me a nudge, and used an expression, which,
though it did not reach the Doctor's ears, sealed in my mind
the doom of the brave old man. "But," continued the Doc-
tor, after a moment of thoughtful silence, " don't be frightened.
If I were a woman, I should much rather fall into the arms
of death, than into the arms of these villains. But here they
come, and are strangers too ; at least to me." The strangers,
as the Doctor called them, were two men on horseback, who
now approached us, and one of them said, as our carriage
came to a stand still :
" I suppose you belong to the company ahead, sir ? This
is rather a dangerous place in which to be found alone at
this time of night."
" I do belong to that company. Can you tell me how far
ahead they are ?" replied the Doctor.
" Oh, much farther, my friend, than you will be able to
get."
" I am quite sure," returned the old man, with assumed
indifference, " they are not far off."
" No, I suppose not," replied oue of them ; " but that is nc
sign you will ever see them, you old kidnapper."
" Who have I kidnapped ?" asked the Docttfr, who grew
every mcment more resolute, as he saw the danger increas-
ing.
RCBBERY OF Dr. BoBEKI'8. 227
" My wife/' said Hiraui Clauson ; " and my niece," roared
Captain Brown — both in the same breath, for they were
the Danite horsemen who now obstructed our further pro-
I watched the old man closely at this juncture ; and if
I had respected the honorable benevolence of my dead father's
friend before, I now had cause to admire bis manly courage.
His grey hair, and flashing eyes, were clearly visible in the
darkness. His left hand grasped the reins, and the spasmodic
motion conveyed to them by the quick panting of the horses,
showed how firmly he had them in hand, ready for a dash
onward, while his right hand rested upon an inside pocket on
the left breast. I saw there was not a moment to be lost, and I
said, intending to be heard only by him, " Do not shoot, for
undoubtedly there are others near."
" Has he attempted to shoot," anxiously inquired Captain
Brown, at the same time sidling off in such a manner as to
put us between his tall military figure and the Doctor.
" No " said I, " but I was afraid he might attempt it, but I
think I may have been mistaken."
The valiant Captain Brown, now somewhat reassured
by finding our persons between him and the Doctor, said
briskly enough, " Here, Nett, you and Ellen take our horses,
and we will attend to the dimes ; and when we get through
we will overtake you."
While we were being handed into the saddles the men had
left, the Doctor sat as before unmoved, and remained so, as wo
judged, until we were out of hearing. Whether he after-
wards offered any resistance or not, I never knew ; but I am
228 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
satisfied that Capt. Brown would have been sent to his lcDg
account, and his eight wives made widows that night, nad my
caution been delayed but a moment longer.
We moved slowly down the road in the direction of home,
until fully out of hearing ; and then halted. When we dare
speak above a whisper, I said, " Ellen, what will they do ?
Will they kill him ? Oh ! if the people of the States knew of
the proceedings in this Territory, they would send an army,
and destroy us, as we deserve."
"Oh, yes," said Ellen, "if they knew; but they do not,
and never will. We are secure among these rocky mountains.
Besides, this territory is so remote, that no trifling matter
will be noticed by the Government. A great many crimes
must be committed, and proof positive must be furnished,
which will be difficult, with everything in the hands of the
Church, before we shall be called to an account. Much blood
has, and must be shed before the Government can get a clue
to the facts of the case, as all these murders are charged to
the Indians, and there is no evidence to the contrary. More
over, the ' Danites ' take care that all proof against them is de-
stroyed. Take for instance this case. If they kill Dr. Roberts,
even his own company cannot show it was not the work of
the Indians — if indeed the company have not been murdered
also, as they very likely have, or will be, as they were but a
small party, and knew the business of Dr. Roberts at the
city. The Danites will regard even this a dangerous know-
ledge to pass out of the territory in the possession of ' Gentiles.' "
We now listened attentively for some sound, which should
indicate the fate uf our friend ; but nothing could be heard
Robbery of Dr. Roberts. 229
from that direction. The wind began to blow with violence,
and moaned dismally through the forest. Of course oui
imagination conjured up the most horrible images. We dis-
mounted, and cowered close together upon the ground, hold-
ing the horses by the bridles.
Although it seldom rains in this climate, yet it did on this
occasion. While we were there waiting, I took occasion to
ask Ellen how and why she came there. She replied, draw-
ing herself closely to my side, " I came, first, because brother
Brigham thought it would be too bad for you to go alone on
such an expedition. After you and Alice had left the city
with my husband for Capt. Brown's, brother Brigham and
Burton came to our house, and told me where you had gone,
and explained the object of your mission. They then direct-
ed me to go to Hawkin's Tavern, where Dr. Roberts was
stopping, and say to him what I have before told you in his
presence. The Doctor was greatly moved at my story. He
was somewhat embarrassed at first to know what to do ; but
as he believed what I said, he pitied me, and consented that
I should go with him, and I came as you have seen."
Soon after she had finished her account of the matter, we
heard the men coming ; and when they approached us, Capt.
Brown asked if we had been afraid ; and to rally and cheer
us, he said to me, " Your are a brave captain, Nett ; and
when you want a larger company, you shall have it."
To which Hiram replied, " She is a better leader now than
Porter Rockwell, for he is always sending men to do these
things, but never goes himself." I listened to this trifling in
silence. I had no heart to speak, There was nothing that I
230 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
could do now, as the Doctor was probably already dead, or at
least beyond my assistance ; and for the moment I would
gladly have died with him. I regretted, in the excess of my
grief, that I had interfered to prevent his fighting it out, as
he had no doubt designed to do at first. Ellen, now that
all was over, regretted the part she had felt herself forced
to take in the affair. With a show of sadness I had never be-
fore seen her exhibit, and of which I supposed her incapable,
she said to Hiram, "What have you done with the good
Doctor?"
Her husband was about to reply, and in fact commenced
to state what had been his faie, when Capt. Brown checked
him, saying, " Silence, Hiram, until we see Brigham. They
do not care about knowing yet."
*' If he is dead, I do not wish to know \t," said 1.
No further reply was made, and with a shudder, we each
mounted behind one of the men, whose hands as I supposed,
and still believe, were stained with innocent blood, and
rode through the darkness towards home ; and at three
o'clock the next morning, we arrived at Ogden city, and
were set down at Capt. Brown's door. We glided, like guilty
spectres, away to bed in silence ; and the next morning, a
spring day, calm and beautiful, broke as peacefully upon us aa
;f the night which preceded it had not been devoted to the
commission of a crime, which for deliberate cruelty and pre-
jiteditation was without a parallel.
Capt. Brown and Hiram Clauson were absent for several
days, as I supposed on some further business connected with
our late mission ; and we were consequently left during this
Robbery of Dr. Roberts. 231
lime at Ogden, as we could not return to the city until they
found time to take us. After three days, Hiram came back
in company with Oapt. Brown ; and then we were taken
home, where I was glad to go once more, and find myself
free from a forced participation in the crimes which I now
knew to be the principal business of the Heads of the Church
to concoct, and the " Danites " to execute.
It was with bitter tears that I told my mother what I had
seen, and what I supposed had been done with the Doctor —
with the grey-haired old man, whose only crime had been
that he had not forgotten the widow and the children of his
dead friend.
We still believed in Mormonism, as we had originally ac-
"cepted it, and we still believed in the Prophet, as the visible
Head of the Church, because we knew no other ; but we
could not believe the crimes of the Church were necessarily
a part of Mormonism. " We have fallen," my mother said,
"upon evil times; and if the Prophet Joseph were alive, these
wicked men would not bear rule."
But what could two women do ? We dare not even speak
to my brother Howard upon this subject, and I have no rea-
son to believe he knew of it ; and if he did, the control of the
Prophet over him was so absolute, that he would have re-
garded his u counsel " as above crime. I noticed that my
mother, who up to this time had held her age remarkably
well, began to break ; and she never recovered fully from the
shock occasioned by the disappearance of Dr. Roberts.*
• The author deems it due to the subject of this narrative to state,
that }..• hM given the facts of th<> fbffgotag MM of Dr. Roberts as they
232 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
were given to him, without a wish, or an effort to extenuate or lessen
the responsibility that justly attaches to all who, even by implication,
countenance the commission of such a crime. But the candid reader
cannot fail to notice, that while at first sight she is apparently culpa-
ble, when adjudged upon a strict construction of acknowledged rules
of moral ethics, yet there are many and weighty considerations which
may and should be urged in her behalf.
First, she makes an exposition herself of this crime. In simple
frankness, she reveals a crime, in which she was forced to participate
by the Prophet, whose influence she saw no means of evading. Thia
fact alone should secure her, at least, our candid sympathy.
Next, had she refused to render the assistance demanded of her in
carrying out the " mission," to which she had been assigned by the
Prophet, she would have lost her own life, without saving that of the
Doctor. The Prophet and his " Danites " could, and would have
found other means of effecting their cruel purpose.
Again, we have to consider that at this time Mrs. Smith was in a
transition state of mind — just emerging towards the light — still within
the dark and foggy labyrinths of her Mormon faith, though struggling
with a half-formed wish to escape from it. Had she entertained at
this time a clear, well-grounded doubt of the Prophet's power to curse
her in the world t^ come, as well as in this, there would be a pro-
priety, which does not exist now, in expecting her, a mere woman, to
stand up in opposition to the whole power of the Church. On this
point she says, chap. 19 : " Although I doubted and rebelled against
the new forms our faith was assuming, etc., yet no question of the
legitimate and fundamental principles of Mormonism had been serious-
ly entertained by me." Thia shows in a clear light the cruel fact,
that a well-fanned fanaticism, and the fear of ghostly penalties, and
such like bonds, constitute the magic wand of the Prophet's power
among the conscientious adherents to this delusion.
The question is not, whether thia was a crime, judged by our
standard, for on this point there can be no doubt, but whether ii was
Hobbery of Dr. Roberts. 233
one when judged by the standard which she acknowledged ; and
whether to do this, or to disobey the Prophet, was the greater crime
— she being still tried by the same standard ? And lastly, admitting
the strongest possible case that can be stated against her — admitting
that she had shown herself on other occasions a woman of firmness,
capable of sacrificing her life, even, for what she felt to be right, as
when she took the poison in self-defence against the butcher Jones,
and admittiug that she was bound to do so in this case, yet it should
be remembered, that the same human nature that is equal to great
efforts and strong self-reliance at certain times, is also subject to its
moments of weakness ; and at the worst, this was but one of these.
Upon the whole, whatever may be the opinion as to what Mrs. Smith
should have doiiey the story of Dr. Roberts leaves no doubt as to what
she did do; and it furnishes internal evidence of the highest order
of the truth or her narrative
234 Fifteen Teaks among the Mormons.
CHAPTER XXII
SEALED FOR TIME.
The short time that elapsed between the events narrated
in the last chapter and nay marriage, passed drearily and
slowly enough, notwithstanding my mind was more or less
occupied with the preparations necessary for it. That one re-
membrance of the old man, who, with his firm, honest look,
and his white hair streaming in the wind, I last saw in the
hands of the " Danites ," was ever before me, to disturb my
life with a vague fear, that the Prophet might again " coun •
sel " me to assist in the perpetration of some similar crime, I
was therefore greatly relieved, when Smith arrived from his
farm, with the required recommendation of his bishop.
I have before stated, that no marriage can be celebrated
without a written recommendation * from the bishop under
* This recommendation must be accompanied by the proper tithing
receipts. The following is a true copy from the original one received
by Mr. Smith :
" This certifies that I received the following articles of Beubeii P. Smith, ou
Tithing :
September 18th, 1851, by 1 day's work, labor Tithing . . . . $1 60
Sealed for Time. 235
whose jurisdiction the mala party lives ; and when this is
obtained, no legal objection exists to his marriage. With
this Mr. Smith was provided, directed to the bishop of our
ward, and thus he stood fully endorsed, as a Mormon whose
orthodoxy was not to be questioned.
Andrew Cunningham had succeeded Jones as the bishop
of the ward in which we lived. He therefore came with Mr.
Smith to my mother's house, and " sealed us for time." It
will be remembered I had already been sealed to Jones for
eternity, which carries with it no wifely obligation, hence I
was at liberty to marry a husband for time. The bishop
generally does the " sealing " of this kind ; but none but the
Heads of the Church can seal for eternity, and this is usu-
ally done by the Prophet.
We were married in the morning, quietly, in the presence
of a few neighbors, not wishing to create any excitement, as
we knew the whole Church were watching us with something
of distrust. It was generally believed by those who knew
my history, that I would not be likely to marry any man
who was a Mormon in good faith ; at least not one who be-
October 12th, 1851, by 1 day's work, labor Tithing, . . . . $1 60
18th, " ■ 1 day's do do do 1 50
December 18th, " " H ton of Hay, 8 60
January 27th, " " 8 bu. k 11 lbs. wheat on wheat Tithing, . . 12 271
44 44 44 44 6 bu. k 80 lbs. wheat on Property Tithing, . 8 25
March 81st, " " 1 day's work abor Tithing, 1 60
April 1st k 2d, « ,4 1ft day's work do. do 2 26
44 J2d, 44 44 CO feet lumber, at 6 cts a foot, . . . . 8 CO
44 Pleasant Grove Ward, Utah Co., U. T.
" GEORGE S. CLARK, Bishop.
" April 20th, 1868. »♦ Per WM. G. STEKRKTT, Clerk."
236 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
lieved in the spiritua. wifeism. The fact, therefore, that 1
wished to marry Reuben P. Smith, who, it was well known,
came to Utah as a Gentile, had the effect to raise a doubt as
to the genuineness of his conversion, and to keep us both be-
fore the public mind.
After the ceremony was over, we went to my brothei
Howard's to dinner. When we arrived there, I introduced
Mr. Smith to Martha and Howard, as my husband, which
was the first they knew of our marriage. It so happened
that Luna, a little daughter of the Prophet, was in the room,
and when she comprehended what had happened, she ran
home at once, and told her mother that " Nett had just been
manied to that fellow Smith." Children always echo the
true sentiment that governs at home, and speak openly what
older heads strive to conceal. This remark of the little girl
Bhowed the state of feeling in the Prophet's family towards us.
In less than half an hour the room was full of goers and
comers, to wish us joy upon the occasion. The Prophet sent
us word, when he understood that we had been married in
that quiet way, that he should insist upon our having a grand
wedding yet ; and that he would make us one at the Coun-
cil-house, as this would be the most suitable room for the
occasion, being large and commodious. This is the Hall,
since used as a court house.
Coming from the Prophet, this had a peculiar significance,
as it proved that while he had us under " advisement," he was
still willing to treat us openly, as if we were true to the faith.
Pacific measures of this kind, gracefully executed, was a lead-
ing characteristic of this man, who as Prophet and Chief
Sealed for Time. 237
Pontiff, has governed the Church, made up of the most dis-
cordant elements, for years, wi;h a success unparalleled in the
administration of human affairs.
Mr. Smith, while he saw the necessity of humoring the pub-
lic sentiment upon that subject, which means the sentiment
of the Prophet, felt even this to be an intrusion upon his
rights. He therefore, with an apparent cordiality, offered to
pay the expenses of the wedding, but told me privately he
had no idea of giving the thing countenance by his presence,
as he should take care not to get back from his farm in time.
He however left money to procure for me a proper dress for
the occasion, in case he should change his mind upon the
subject, and return.
The Prophet had the Hall fitted up in a style of unusuai
splendor, and when the time arrived, sent his own carriage,
known in the city as the Prophet's omnibus, drawn by four
fine horses, gaily ornamented, to bring in the guests. When
the company had assembled, and everything was ready for the
opening of the dance, the omnibus came for us, accompanied
by the full band of music. But Smith had not arrived. This
was at two o'clock ; and they returned in like state at four,
and were still more disappointed in not finding him. I then
sent word that some unforeseen obstacle had probably pre-
vented his return to the city, and that I trusted the assembled
company would enjoy the festivities of the occasion, none the
less on account of our disappointment
Before Smith left I advised him to return, and attend the
party, as it would have a tendency to disarm the prejudice I
knew to exist against him in the Church ; but he had not
238 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
then fully decided what to do. I therefore had hoped up to
the last moment, that he would return, which I then believed
to be the most advisable course, and I still think it would
have been to our advantage. About dark, Edmond Ellsworth
came from the Hall, with a carriage, to inquire further after
us, and I begged him not to come again, as I had now given
up all hope of Smith's coming. I was by this time much
alarmed, fearing the Prophet would divine his real motive in
keeping away.
About nine o'clock, Smith arrived, aud came in with as
much unconcern as if he had no personal interest in attend-
ing his own wedding. He said, " they appear to be having a
fine time in the Hall at our expense ; but they are wel-
come."
" But are you not going ?" said Lizzie.
" Not this time, sis."
" Oh ! you must," said Lizzie. " They will never forgive
you, after going to so much trouble and expense for your
wedding. You will offend everybody."
"I will pay the expense," said Smith, "and as for the
balance, the poor old Doctor's bones should satisfy them."
My mother, who was fearful of the consequences, urged
Smith to go ; but he utterly refused ; and while I admired
his manly courage, and the generous tribute he thus paid to
the memory of Dr. Roberts, I trembled, when I reflected how
it might possibly affect us.
The Doctor's fate had made a deep impression upon his
mind, and he said it would be barbarous to join in such festi-
vities, with the " brigands " who had robbed and probably
Sealed for Time. 239
murdered the friend of ray father. I think I am justified in
saying, that Mr. Smith, in this, as in everything else, war,
actuated by the most lofty sentiments of honor, and true
manhood.
He then wished me to dress as if I was going to the party.
[ did so, and mother spread the cloth for a supper of cold
meat and potatoes, and we were not without a pleasant, if
not a joyous evening. Although we had no music and dancing,
we were acting in good faith with ourseives, and I was con-
tent to abide my husband's judgment.
The next day the Prophet sent his daughter Luna, to
ask me to come and see him. He had heard that we were
going to California, and it was about this he wished to
1 counsel " me. I asked my husband what I should do, and
afte'V some consideration he directed me to go.
When I arrived at his house, he received me with his usual
cordiality, and said :
" Nett, do you intend to go to California ?"
" I am not sure yet. Perhaps."
" Well," said Brigham, " you never can go ; so you had
better not start Do you understand me clearly ? If you set
out you will never reach California. That is entirely too
much for you to expect. If Smith wishes to go, tell him to
go on, but he can't take you."
I was so perfectly astonished at this " counsel," that with-
out making any reply, or evincing any feeling upon the sub-
ject, I went home in anguish of spirit, and related to my
husband what the Prophet had said. I shall not attempt
to describe the effect of this upon Smith. It was a terrible
^40 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
blow to us both. The fact was now fully realized by U3 for
the first time, that the Prophet dare not allow me to leave
the territory. He was aware I knew too much to be trusted
beyond the influence of the Church.
Smith had a drove of cattle, of which he wished to dispose,
and it was at length thought best for him to go on to Cali-
fornia alone, and return after effecting a sale of them. H (
t
therefore left me for that object about fifteen days after our
marriage, and was absent three months. After his return, we
made another attempt to go to California, whioh, as will be
&een, signally failed.
Intrigues of Bbigham Young- 241
CHAPTER XXIII.
INTRIGUES OF BRIGHAM YOUNG.
When my husband returned, he was fully determined to
leave the territory, and take me with him. But before he
had time to take measures for the accomplishment of our
wishes in this reject, the bishop of the ward called, and asked
him if he inttf' A to settle in the country, and added that
in case he did not, he had better go as soon as possible ; but
that he could not take me along. Smith replied that he had
not positively concluded what to do — that it was not impossi-
ble that, by spring, he should conclude to settle permanently ,
but that he did not like to be forced to go or stay.
I was greatly alarmed at this open demonstration against
us ; for I knew how vain it would be to contend against such
fearful odds. After due reflection, we concluded to wait pa-
tiently during the winter, and trust to the future and a kind
Providence for means of escape. We therefore rented
place, and went to housekeeping until spring. The winter
passed pleasantly, and without interference from the Church,
during which time, my husband made the acquaintance of
a merchant doing business in the city by the name of Wil-
liam Mac. He was a Gentile, and had his family with him ;
but was intending to go to California in the spring. My hus-
11
242 Fifteen 1'ears among the Mormons.
band, when he became well acquainted with Mr. Mac, told him
how we were situated. Mac said he knew of several similar
cases in the city, of men who were forced tc remain, rather
than give up their wives. " But," he said, M this is the way
to manage it. When you are ready to go, bid your wife
good-bye, as if you intended to give her up ; and when you
get to Bear River, wait for me, and I will bring her on with
my wife. Let the women manage it between themselves.
Smith agreed to this, and paid Mac seventy-five dollars for
his promise to bring me. He came home very much elated
with the arrangement ; and as by this time spring was near
at hand, he made preparations to leave. He had a very fine
horse, which he did not wish to take with him, and he ex-
changed it for a valuable gold watch, which he left with me
as a keepsake. .On the 17 th of April, 1853, he bid me fare-
well, with the understanding privately existing between us,
that I was to join him on Bear River within a week ; and I
have not seen him since. I went with him half a mile, or so,
when he set out, and took my final leave at the stream,
known as the City Creek. He lingered near me for some
time, as if oppressed with a presentiment of evil> and then with
a resolute sadness, broke away, and left mo perhaps for ever.
I recollect well the last view I caught of his manly form in
the distance through my tears.
I sat down under the shadow of a wide-spreading tree, upon
the bank of the stream, and watched him, until at last he
vanished among the hills, and then, crushed with a sense of
loneliness, and a vague fear, which, under the circumstances;
seemed uncalled for, I returned to the city to begin that ex
Intrigues of Brigham Young. 243
perience of watching and suspense, which to this day has no
end ; and He who " tempers the wind to the shorn lamb,'
alone knows if we are ever to meet again.
A few days after this, Mrs. Mac sent her little boy with a
note, saying they expected to go on the next Monday, and
directing me to meet them at that time at the bath-house
This was a mile and a half from Brigham's residence, on the
California road. She also directed me to bring no clothing,
except what I wore, in order not to excite suspicion, and that
she had made provision for my wants in that respect.
I could not confide to my mother, or to, any of the family
my intentions, as they would not be likely to favor the enter-
prise. I therefore assisted Lizzie in washing the dishes after
breakfast, as usual, on the morning on which we were to go.
While we were thus employed together, she said to me, in
her innocent and simple way, " How glad I am, Nett, you
did not go to California with Smith, and leave us all alone.
I am sure it would have nearly killed us."
When the dishes were out of the way, I quietly put on my
sun-bonnet, and took the watch Smith had given me, telling
Lizzie and my mother I was going over to Howard's ; and
bidding them as I went " good-bye," I set out, as I supposed,
for California.
After all, it was not an easy matter to leave my young and
nnocent sister, and almost helpless old mother, in such a
place, and I half relented when once in the street, and out of
sight of them. But I thought first of Smith, and then
of my Mormon Prison, and went on, determined if possible tc
make my escape, as I could do them no good by remaining
244 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
I had gone but a short distance, when a man whom I had
never seen before, evertook me, and with a smile which dis«
closed at once how much he knew of my business, said,
u Good morning, Mrs. Smith. The Prophet wishes to see you
at his office at ten o'clock." I stood petrified with horror and
astonishment, wondering how the Prophet could have been
informed of my intentions. When I looked up at length, the
stranger was still looking me full in the face, much delighted
at my embarrassment. His quizzical intelligence as to my
personal affairs, threw me off my guard, and I said, with an
anguish I have no means of describing, " Great God ! I am
defeated again !" The stranger satisfied with his work,
turned and left me, without further reply. Oh ! had there
been pity in Heaven, or on earth, at that moment for any hu-
man being, certainly I was a proper object for its exercise.
Crushed by this failure, and half doubting Mormonism, and
yet awed by an overshadowing fear of the Divine power of
the Prophet, I knew not where to turn. Brigham had told
me often if Smith was not a true Mormon, my love for him
was illicit, and for the moment, an oppressive sense of shame
came over me, as the bare possibility that Brigham Young was,
after all, the true Prophet of God, forced itself upon my mind
and checked the doubt which my soul had cherished, perhaps,
impiously, as to his Divine mission. " Great God, if there is
any to whom I may pray besides the Prophet, direct me
now."
When sufficiently reassured, I went directly to the
Prophet's office, and as I entered, I said to him, perhaps not
in the most agreeable manner, " What are your wishes ?"
Intrigues of Brigham Young. 245
Ha lDoked at me for some moments, with a calm sternness
which he had never before manifested in my presence, and
said almost harshly, for he was as a general thing conciliatory
and winning:
" I wish you to stay with the Saints, and be satisfied. I
have a great work for you to do, and a great reward for you
after it is done. You are mine. The spirit of the Lord tells
(ne so. You need not be a wife, but you must obey my
counsel. I wish your Smith had been scalped by some of our
white Indians (meaning the " Danites "), before you ever
placed your determined and ambitious mind upon him. He
is a Gentile at heart ; and if you ever live with him, you will
commit adultery in the sight of God ; and your children, if
you have any, will be illegitimate, and you shall be damned."
He said many other things, which I cannot now recall, as
the great excitement under which I struggled, had the effect
to fix only the most prominent points upon my mind. I made
no reply, but when he had finished, I went home, feeling my
case was hopeless. I told my mother what I had attempted,
and how I had failed. I was nearly wild with excitement and
despair, and she listened with patience to my ravings and re-
proaches.
My tears and physical exertion alone saved me from mad-
ness. Towards night, she soothed me into a sound sleep,
and I awoke next morning refreshed and calm, and prepared
to gird up my soul for a new struggle.
A few weeks after this, the Prophet appointed me a teachei
of the ward school ; and about the same time, Secretary of
the Female Indian Relief Society ; the duties of which occu-
246 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
pied most of my time, and I had but little opportunity to lay
plans for my escape, or leisure to brood over my wrongs
We received a letter one day from my brother Uriah, then
in California, with the glad intelligence that he was coming
home immediately. This gave us all joy, and I was particu-
larly well pleased, as I knew he would assist me in getting
away. He was a fine young boy, generous, brave, and manly,
and as I had reason to believe, was but little attached to
Mormonism. He was the idol of the family. While we
were thus daily expecting him, Howard came in one day,
looking very sad ; and after a while mother said,
" Howard, how can you look so serious when we are all so
happy, making preparations for Uriah's return ?"
" Mother," said Howard, " do you so certainly expect to see
Uriah ?"
" Certainly : he has written he will be here very soon."
Howard looked at my mother with great concern, for she
had said this in a manner that showed how much her heart
was set upon it.
He said, after a little.
" Mother, you would feel very bad if you should hear
Uriah was dead."
" What do you mean, Howard ? Is Uriah dead V
We needed no further answer. He took from his pocket a
letter, which brought the sad intelligence, which mother read
and re-read with speechless horror. He died when just upon
the point of starting for home. It was a terrible blow to us
all. My mother refused all consolation, and at one time we
supposed she would sink under it.
Intrigues of Brig ham Young. 247
Unnatural as it may appear, our Mormon neighbors re-
joiced at this our new calamity ; for they said, as we then
had no dependence, or protectors, my husband being absent,
and our only brother who was unmarried being dead, we
should be obliged, Lizzie and myself, to marry some Mormon.
Our house, at this time, was truly a house of mourning, and
for a few months following this event, we were " as sad as can
well be imagined.
By the Prophet's dictum, under whose protection I was
now directed to consider myself, my marriage was generally
considered void, and was thus spoken of in the Church ; and
I was liable as ever to receive propositions for marriage.
This was but a natural result of Mormonism, for Mormon
women are not allowed to remain idle in this respect.
Since leaving Utah, I have heard much said about the
death of Leonidus Shaver. I knew Judge Shaver well, and
recollect the circumstances of his death. He occupied a room
in my brother Howard's house ; and died there. There were
a great many things connected with the trouble between him
and the Prophet, which I never understood, and I have good
reason to believe, much more than has yet been disclosed. I
remember, that one day the Prophet came to the house, and
inquired for the Judge. The latter was in the habit of lock-
ing the door, and darkening the windows of his room, when
not at home, and they were so on this occasion ; which led
us to believe he was gone.
The Prophet was very much excited about something that
had just happened, in connection with the Judge. This was
a year or so before his death I never saw the former more
248 Fifteen Teaks among the Mormons.
disturbed and alarmed than at that time, and he talked very
freely about it. Just as he was in the height of the excite-
ment, we heard the Judge jump out of bed, and this alarmed
the Prophet still the more, as he supposed Shaver had
heard what had been said, which was probably true. The
difficulty between them increased after this, and one morning
the Judge was found dead in his bed, in the room just men-
tioned. But at this time, my brother did not own, or live in
the house, for he had sold it to a Mr. Dotson, who was then
living there.
The Heads of the Church made a great show of having the
case investigated, by which they made it appear, that the
Judge had died of some disease in the head, which perhaps
was true. But I heard the Prophet say before this, that
Judge Shaver knew a great many things that he did not wish
to come to the knowledge of the Government at Washington,
and that he dare not allow him to leave the territory. He
was unquestionably poisoned.
I think it was in the summer of 1853, that another Judge
was sent to Utah, by the name of Brocchus. Soon after he
came he was called upon to make a speech, at a public meet-
ing, at a time when the Prophet and the Heads of the Church
were on the stand. I suppose Judge Brocchus knew but
little of our customs, for he commenced to address the women,
large numbers of whom were present, upon the subject of
spiritual wifeism. He pointed out to them its wickedness, and
the unhappy results that must follow to themselves and theii
children, if persisted in. He also stated, that it was against
the laws of both God and man. I presume this was the
Intrigues of Brigham Young. 249
first, and only time, that a Mormon assembly was ever ad
dressed in open opposition to their faith and practice. Cer-
tainly the only case of the kind that ever occurred at Salt
Lake.
The Assembly were greatly excited, and more than two-
thirds of the women were in tears, before he had spoken
many minutes; among whom, Brigham observed some of hi?
own wives. All were astonished. It was a moment of great
peril for the Prophet, and for the Church. One word then,
spoken by authority and having the physical support of a
military force at hand, would have brought on an explo-
sion.
The Prophet saw this ; and, as usual, he was equal to the
occasion. The Judge was admonished to desist, and when he
sat down, the Prophet rose, and by one of those strong, nerv-
our appeals, which has never been wanting in success before
a Mormon audience, he annihilated the Judge and the effect
of his speech. In five minutes many of those whose tears
had flown most freely, responded to his broad sarcasm in
screams of laughter.
When the spirits of the congregation were fully restored,
he turned to the Judge, and administered to him a torrent of
abuse. Among other things, he said : " I will kick you or
any other Gentile Judge, from this stand, if you or they
again attempt to interfere with the affairs of our Zion."
The Judge was beaten, and saw the necessity of leav-
ing the territory. The Prophet afterwards threatened, in
private, to take his life, but I heard he was permitted to
leave.
11*
250 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
Judge Brocchus was succeeded by Judge Reed, of Bath,
Steuben county, New York ; who, profiting by the experi-
ence of his predecessor, exercised great discretion in his
intercourse with the Mormon leaders, and became very
popular with them. The Mormons, on their part, treated
Judge Reed with studied attention, hoping to efface the
unfavorable impression likely to be made upon the au-
thorities at "Washington, by the Brocchus affair, in which
they appear to have succeeded in a measure, for it is un-
derstood that Judge Reed expressed the opinion, when he
afterwards returned to 'this country, that the Mormons
had been misrepresented, and that the charges against
them were exaggerated. This, if true, was in pursuance
of a line of policy adopted by him, as being the best cal-
culated to meet the difficulties of his position ; for beyond
question he had studied the state of things at Utah very
closely, and though he expressed his opinions with cau-
tion, he was certainly not a convert to our faith, nor to
the Prophet's administration of the Government.
As he was from the neighborhood of our native place,
and was well acquainted with most of our family, we were
very intimate with him during his stay at the valley. —
It was due to the friendly relations existing between him
and the Prophet, more than to any other cause, that we
were afterwards permitted to leave Utah, as hereafter
narrated. It was through him that we received letters
direct from my uncle, Col. John R. Stephens, of Hornells-
ville, New York ; and through this channel came the in-
formation which finally led to our escape.
Judge Reed remained in the valley about a year, and then
Intrigues of Brigham 5Toung. 251
went home on business, intending to return to Utah, but he
died suddenly while there. He was an excellent and kind
man, of whom I still entertain the most grateful recollec
tions.
252 Fifteen Years among the Mdrmons.
CHAPTER XXIV.
THE STORY OF WALLACE ALONZO CLAKK BOWMAN.
About this period, a young man was coming from Mexico
in command of a company of traders ; and by chance, he was
met by Brigham Young at Utah, who was on his way from
Great Salt Lake City to Little Salt Lake.
The Prophet was accompanied as usual by his "Body
Guard," and attracted some notice on the route by the dis-
play in which he indulged — a kind of demonstration he was
fond of making when well protected by his military attend-
ants.
It is said all great men have their little weaknesses, and
that of the Prophet is well known to be cowardice. He is
great in words, however, and withal is a shrewd manager
of men, and when not threatened with personal violence, he
is truly great. On this occasion, the state and display affect-
ed by the Governor and Prophet excited the curiosity of the
young captain of this band of Mexican traders, whose name
was Wallace Alonzo Clark Bowman. This young man was
a native of the State of New York, and being of a daring and
roving turn of mind, had left his home at the early age of
eighteen, and was now in the full tide of a successful career,
Bowman's Story. 253
when be thus unfortunately met Brigham Young. He was
over six feet in height, stoutly built, and well formed, stand-
ing straight as an arrow, with fair complexion and light hair,
a broad high forehead, with a keen blue eye and a Roman
nose. He was as fine a specimen of manliness as is often met
with in real life. He was, moreover, one of that class of men,
with whom the emotions of fear, or the necessity of caution,
are entirely unknown. He also entertained the most undis-
guised contempt for double-dealing and of religious affectation
of any kind. In short, having no reverence, and unable to
comprehend the meaning of discretion, he was the last man
to meet the Prophet's approval, but quite the man to awaken
his cowardly suspicion, as he was a specimen of the only class
of men of whom the Prophet was not a judge.
The two companies met at Utah, and halted to make of
each other mutual inquiries as to the state of the roads and
the like, while the animals were being fed. Bowman observed
that Brigham was a personage of some consideration among
the strangers, and upon inquiry was informed that he was the
Governor of the Territory, and the Mormon Leader. " If that
is so," said he, M I must make the acquaintance of that dis-
tinguished adventurer." He then introduced himself to the
"Prophet," by saying, he had heard of him and of his reli-
gion often, though he knew but little of the latter, and he
would like to be instructed in it somewhat. He then asked
him to take a seat for that purpose. He told him further
that he had heard much said against the Mormons, and their
practices, but he presumed they had been misrepresented, as
all such sects were liable to be by their opponents ; and he
254 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
should be pleased to know the facts from the Prophet him
self.
Bowman said this in that easy off-hand manner, which, had
it been addressed to an equally brave and simple-minded man,
would have been met in a similar spirit of courteous inde-
pendence— willing to concede as much as it exacted. But
the Prophet was not a man of the generous mould to under-
stand one of that nature. Though a good judge of the kind
of men of which, his Church was composed, the Mexican
trader puzzled him ; and he assumed at once the young man
must have some villainous design upon him. He thereupon
retired to his carriage, with an indecent haste, that betrayed
his want of either courage or courtesy, and directed his secre-
tary to inform the authorities of the City, that he wished
Bowman arrested upon his arrival there, as he knew by the
Spirit of God, the trader was a spy sent from the States to
take his life.
The fact was, that nothing could have been farther from
the truth ; and the pretence of revelation, behind which the
Prophet attempted to shield his cowardice, smacked more
of unscrupulous villainy than of Divinity.
Bowman, unawed by this treatment, stepped to the door of
the Prophet's carriage, and said to him, in that spirit of defiant
independence which a free rover of the plains feels himself at
liberty to assume when treated rudely, " Sir, I have seen Gov-
ernors before, but I never saw one so little a gentleman, or so
much a bigot ;" and then turning to his men, with a dignity
the Prophet might well have envied, ordered his company to
move on.
Bowman's Story. 255
The whole outfit and other accompaniments of Bowman's
party proved he was possessed of wealth, and this was perhaps
another inducement with the Prophet for wishing to bring
the young rover into collision with his Danite assassins.
Wheu Bowman ai rived at the city, he was arrested by Robert
Burton upon suspicion of various crimes. This was a pretense
resorted to for his detention. He was put in charge of John
Norton, one of our nearest neighbors, who kept him impri-
soned near by, in a place used by the police for that purpose.
There was a great curiosity manifested among us to see the
man who had made so long a journey to kill the Prophet ;
and among others, I went to his prison. I was astonished at
the courteous good breeding with which we were received. He
politely handed us seats, and after some pleasant conversation
upon indifferent topics, in which our position and sex were ac-
knowledged, with an easy and graceful address, his eye rested
accidentally upon his jailer, John Norton. At once his wild eye
flashed fire, and his whole bearing changed to that lofty mien
of daring which characterized him when free. For a moment
his chafed spirit roused itself into the fierceness of a caged
tiger, and yet the while preserving all the dignity of his ex-
alted manhood. He said, " Sir, I presume I have not fully
appreciated the extreme humility of my position in the pre-
sence of your exalted Prophet, else I should not have taken
the liberty of addressing him upon equal terms."
It was amusing to note the effect of this upon John Nor-
ton, who, though generally a man of commanding presence,
now stood abashed before his prisoner. Bowman's eye rested
for some time upon him, during which interval, not a wed
256 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
was uttered. At length, with an expression of disgust, and
then of pity, he turned from him to us, and apologized for his
rudeness in the presence of ^adies, by saying, " Imprisonment
under any circumstances is beyond endurance to me, who,
since finishing my education in my native State of New
York, have seldom slept beneath a roof; but particularly
so, when I am deprived of liberty in defiance of my
natural rights, and without the pretence of justice." When
we left, he bade us good morning, with as much gal-
lantry and unconcern as if he had been doing the honors of
the drawing-room. I came away with a full understanding
of his position. I knew he was innocent ; but I knew equal-
ly well that would not avail him. I asked my mother, who
had accompanied me, what she thought. Without saying a
word for some time, she shook her head, and the big tears
filled her eyes. " He is about the age Uriah was, when he
died among strangers," said she at length. " How should I
feel if this brave boy were mine ? But he is somebody's
boy."
"They will kill him," said I.
" Certainly," said my mother ; and then we sobbed in si
lence, and Lizzie joined in our tears without fully understand-
ing why we wept, for she had not heard the foregoing conver-
sation.
Bowman was held a prisoner for several weeks, as the
Prophet had not returned. When he came, a trial was had,
and great efforts were made to procure some evidence against
him ; bu* all rested upon the revelation of the Prophet, ex
cept thai the latter stated that Bowman was armed vvheD
Bowman's Stoky. 257
he approached his carriage. Being armed in that country
was not a crime, for no man went unarmed there. But it so
happened, that Bowman, although generally provided with,
and well skilled in the use of defensive weapons, had, on this
particular occasion, left them on his horse, as he expected to
remount in a few moments. This was proved by all his men.
He was therefore set at liberty, after an annoying confinement
of nearly two months. But this did not avert his fate.
The Danites are called in only as a last resort ; but are
never at fault, when the Prophet's will is known ; and in this
case, the Prophet had gone too far to think of relenting.
When free, he was directed by some one to our house, to
find a boarding place. His horses were kept near us, and he
wished to board close by them, while he remained in the city
to complete some further arrangements for continuing his
journey. My mother was surprised at the request, as we did
not keep boarders ; but told him to call again towards even-
ing ; and in the meantime, she asked the bishop what to do,
well knowing Bowman had been sent there by him, or at
least by the Prophet's direction. The bishop appeared to be
acting under instructions, and told her, as if prepared with an
answer before hand, to allow him to take his meals with her,
but not to sleep at her house at night.
As for myself, I had become so familiar with the Prophet's
way of doing business, that I was greatly alarmed at this
turn of affairs ; for I saw clearly we were, in some manner
then unknown to me, to be forced into the work of Bowman's
destruction.
Ajb his prison was in our neighborhood, we had, with most
258 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
of the other families of the vicinity, visited him frequently,
and had become well acquainted by this time. I had never
been approached upon this subject myself, but I knew many
of our female acquaintances had been directed to visit him,
in order to report to the Prophet what he had to say.
I now felt my time for action had come, and that I was
again to be forced into a participation in crime.
In order that my readers may fully understand my connec-
tion with what follows, they have only to recollect, that to dis-
obey the Prophet's counsel would have been death to me; and
further, I found it would be impossible to effect my escape,
.until I could disarm the Prophet of all suspicion he might
entertain of my intention to escape. My object was to avoid,
as much as possible, being useful to him ; but, at the same
time, to obey his " counsel " when there was no way to avoid
it, with a show of cheerfulness and good faith ; and thus I
hoped again to acquire the reputation of being a good Mor-
mon— whereas I was now regarded, as well among the Gen-
tiles as in the Church, as only a prisoner at large. So much
was I looked upon in this light, that even Bowman had
heard my story, and had publicly denounced the Prophet for
thus holding me a prisoner from my husband. This rash
advocacy of my cause, prompted as it was only by his gene-
rous and manly nature, probably suggested to the Prophet
the idea of using me as a decoy to effect more readily his
ruin.
Soon after Bowman left, John Norton came to the house
in some haste saving, " Nett, I have news for you, of great
importance, from Brigl^nG."
Bowman's Story. 259
* Importance to whom ?" said I.
"To the whole Church, and in this way. The Prophet is
satisfied that if Bowman is allowed to leave the territory, he
can and will give us great trouble, by raising an excitement
against us on account of his imprisonment while here. Now,
we wish to hear his mind from his own lips, and we can
then judge what should be done. When he returns, Brighara
wishes you to bring him to our house, and make such
advances to him as you may think best, to draw him ou<
upon that subject, and tell him that you would like to go off
with him ; that, if he will take you, you will be his wife."
" I think," said I, " he would not be likely to take me."
" No fear of that," said Norton, " for we have come to you
to do this, from the fact that you are the only person that
could approach him. He said only this morning, in the
most public manner, in Blain's store, that if he could get you
away from this place, he would like to see it sink ; and that
if he could invent any method of getting you to your hus-
band, he would do so, even at the risk of his life."
At this point of the conversation, William Kimbal, a young
son of Heber C. Kimbal, the latter one of the Heads of the
Church, came up and said: "John, Bowman will be here
soon, for I just saw him go into Blain's store." Then turn-
ing to me, he said, " Now, Nett, the Prophet expects you to
put in your biggest licks; and if you do not, we shall all
know it, for we shall be secreted within hearing of you."
" Do your best," said John Norton, as they both left me,
u and tell him I am hunting cattle, if he inquires for me."
John Norton then secreted his brother Wiley in our house,
260 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
to hear what passed between Bowman and myself while
there. When they were gone, Wiley said, " Come, Nett, go
and slick up, for Bowman will be here very soon."
My readers will understand that even the Mormon boys
are trained, at an early age, in this branch of the Church
service, and soon become adepts in " milking the Gentiles,"
as robbing outsiders is termed in their slang vocabulary.
One of these boys was under the age of fifteen, and was
already well versed in crime. It was with a heavy heart that
I dressed with unusual care for the occasion, not daring to
disregard the counsel I had received. At first, I thought I
could place a note in Bowman's hands, by which I should
warn him ; but this would be attended with greater danger
to myself, without a fair prospect of benefiting him ; and
besides, his known rashness made it hazardous to do anything
for his relief, more especially so as I should have no opportu-
nity to explain fully the true state of the case, or how he was
threatened — and at most could only give him a glance or a
sign of warning.
The distance from our house to Norton's, although but a
step, would perhaps be sufficient to convey this signal, and
yet I knew many eyes would be upon ua.
When I was dressed, Wiley, who had awaited my return
with impatience, complimented my appearance, and pro-
nounced me ready "to do the work of the Lord," with the
affectation and solemn cant characteristic among the Saints
when they do not wish to call things by their right names.
I seated myself in the rocking-chair, to await his coming,
racked by anxiety. At about four o'clock he came, and J
Bowman's Story. 261
received him in the presence of my mother, Wiley having
slid into a dark room within hearing. I must have concealed
my agony badly, for he said with a show of alarm, " how
pale you are, Mrs. Smith. Mrs. Coray," bowing to my
mother, "what is the matter? Has anything new oc-
curred ?"
" A little excitement," replied my mother, with an assumed
calmness, * always makes a baby of her."
" Her absent husband," said he, " is the subject, I suppose,
of a continued anxiety with her."
I was too much excited to act well the part to which I had
been assigned ; but I made every possible effort to regain my
self-command. It was with some exertion, therefore, that I
was enabled to say, " I understand you are about to leave us.
T wish the Prophet would decide upon my case, and set me
at liberty, and I would accompany you." I said this and
other things, with a design of encouraging his advances, and
he responded with his usual gallantry ; and yet, perhaps, con-
trary to the expectation of the Mormon leaders who had
assigned me this duty, in order to corrupt him, he did so
with the utmost innocence, and freedom from an improper
motive.
The Prophet had, as usual, reasoned upon the assumed
fact that all men were open to the seductive charms of cor-
rupt influences ; and much of his own success in governing
the men of the Church is to be credited to a skillful applica-
tion of this principle : and it is for this reasom that the con-
dition of a Mormon woman is beyond belief horrible, exposed
as she always must be, to the danger of falling a victim to
262 Fifteen Years among the Mokmons.
the brutal claims of some one of the Prophet's creatures, as
the price of some service or obedience rendered to him.
I had expected much from the high-toned honor of Bow-
man ; but he rose still higher in my estimation when he
refused to understand the meaning of my words. In order to
cut the matter short as possible, and to secure the opportu-
nity of uttering to him a single word of caution, while pass-
ing to the house of John Norton, I affected some embarrass-
ment at first, to convey to Wiley an idea that I felt myself
refused ; and then, as if reassured, I said to Bowman,
with an easy unconcern, which I was by this time able tc
assume, "come, let us go over to John Norton's. As you
are about to leave, perhaps you would like to bid his wives,
Martha and Rebecca, good-bye."
" Certainly," said he politely. "I reckon those ladies
among my friends. They visited me often in prison, and I
must pay them my compliments before I take my leave, and
I shall have no better time than now."
As we passed from the front door into the street, I was
glad to notice that Wiley did not attempt to follow us. We
were the next instant alone, on the public walk, and although
we were together but a moment, and while watchful eyes
were perhaps upon us, I said to him in a hurried manner, and
in a low voice, " Mr. Bowman, I beg you not to speak, but
listen to me for the one moment we are to be alone. I have
time to state but one thing, which, if you rightly understand,
will be sufficient for your purpose. It is this. I am acting
under the direction, and by the instructions of the Prophet.
Are you listening ? Do you understand me ? Whatever T
Bowman's Story. 263
say, think not of me ; but that Brigham Young is speaking
through me."
He looked puzzled, then astonished, and was about to
speak. But we had arrived at the gate of John Norton, and
the door was not many feet off. " Hush," said I, and the next
moment he mechanically rapped at the door, and we both
waited in silence for admittance. I shall never forget the
change that came over his smooth, unruffled face, during the
few moments he had listened to me. He was in appearance
twenty years older in that time. His eyes were bent in anxi-
ous thought upon the ground, and his whole great frame
struggled to master the words, by which I had opened to him
a new source of danger. He would have faced, undau nted,
fifty men in the open combat, on a fair field ; but now he
Btood half cowering before a mystery of which his experience
furnished no solution. But though at fault in this respect, he
was not wanting in intellect ; and when our summons was
answered from within, he started as if from a painful reverie,
and then the sunshine anol a clear sky was over him again.
Howbeit, I still detected, by certain lines upon his handsome
face, traces of anxious thought unusual to it. We were shown
into the sitting-room, where we were expected.
264 Fifteen Yeaes among the Mormons.
CHAPTER XXV
FATE OF BOWMAN.
Perhaps the saddest feature of Moronism as regards its
own victims, should be looked for in the influence it neces-
sarily has upon women. It is impossible to convey a clear idea
of the absolute slavery of our sex under Mormon influence.
It is not enough that all the recognized rights of *an isolated
domestic life, are invaded by a community of wives ; but all
these women jointly, and severally, are to be the unquestion-
ing instruments in the hands of their spiritual husbands, in
carrying out the merciless designs of the Church, forced to
this degrading work by the ever present fear of being de-
nounced, and of imprisonment, and even death, in this world,
and of being cut off from the Prophet's Paradise in the next.
Innocent women, young and tender girls, and honest mothers,
with all the instincts of their true womanhood upon them, are
expected at the Prophet's, or the husband's bidding, to look*
crime in the face, without a shudder, and to prostitute all the.
sweet, and winning graces with which a Wise Hand has
endowed them, ae a means of exerting a softening and refin-
ing influence upon man's rougher nature, to carry out these
designs of the Church against their Gentile victims. But
Uowman's Fate. 265
female humanity is unequal to the sacrifice while virtue, the
real source of all womanly charms, wields her gentle scep-
tre over the heart.
This was well illustrated by the manner we were received
by Martha and Rebecca. The latter, who was the first wife,
and was recognized as entitled to take the lead in doing the
honors of the house, received us ; handing us seats in the
sitting-room, where we found Martha.
I had by this time fully regained my self-possession, and
Bowman, whose buoyant nature would not bear depression,
appeared to good advantage; but the ladies, though evi-
dently making an effort to act well their part, were depressed,
and solemn as if assisting at a funeral : and indeed, they well
knew they were preparing the way for one.
Bowman, with a tact for which I had not before given him
credit, divined, by aid of the key I had afforded him, as to
myself, the true state of the case as to them, and said in a
light and airy manner, yet with a caution that showed every
word was well considered, " How is this, ladies ? you look
as solemn as a Quaker Synod. Martha, has that ungracious
husband been treating you unfairly,* by giving Rebecca the
finest dress again ?"
* The above reference to the scenes of bickering to which those
households are always subject, where spiritual wifeism is practised,
brings to mind a circumstance that occurred at Salt Lake City, about
the time of which we are writing.
The family of which I speak, lived in the Temple Block, with Mrs.
Whitney, well known the»e. I do not recollect the name; but the
man was from England as was alao at least one of his wives It
12
266 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
This allusion to a dispute, which by the indiscretion of some-
body had found its way to the public ear, but a short time
before, rallied Martha into the mere shadow of a laugh, as
she said,
seems the first wife, who was married before she came to the valley,
and who was much attached to her husband, objected to share her
household honors and responsibility, with the new spiritual — forced
upon her. The latter was not recognized, or tolerated in any respect
by the first wife ; although she was the favorite of the husband.
Things went on in this way, until one morning, the " spiritual " took
the liberty of putting on a dress belonging to the first wife, without
asking her permission. This exasperated the latter to such a degree,
that the other parties, finding the house scarcely large enough to hold
them all, attempted to discipline the refractory wife into submission.
In order to justify what they were about to do, the unfeeling husband
and the new wife, represented the lawful and previous occupant to
the Heads of the Church, as being possessed with the devil. This put
her beyond the pale of sympathy or protection. They then bound
her to a narrow bench, where she lay upon her back, night and day,
until the cords had cut through the flesh to the bone ; and she had un-
jointed one shoulder in the struggle to break loose. She was in thia
condition, when I saw her. Great numbers of the Church visited her,
and many believed she was really possessed of the devil. She waa
pointed out as a warning to refractory wives by the Church authori-
ties. I noticed she acknowledged a look of friendly sympathy, al-
though no one was allowed to speak to her. I went in with several
others ; and while there, we saw the poor woman's child, something
over two years old, come to its mother's side, and attempt to break
the cords by which its mother was bound. The little thing was a
girl, destined to grow up, and live over again perhaps, its mother's
sad life, or to feel what its mother never could, submission. It was the
most intensely cruel and touching spectacle I ever witnessed. The
Bowman's Fate. 267
" Oh no. That difficulty is all settled. He sees the folly
of treating Rebecca better than he does me, and is becoming
quite a good fellow."
44 By the way," said Bowman, " where is this husband, John
Norton, to-day ?"
This was the second time this question had been asked by
him, and evaded by the ladies; but now it was so direct that
Rebecca replied, " he said he was going over Jordan, to look
after the cattle."
My readers will recollect that John Norton and Wm.
Kimbal were at that moment within full view and hearing of
us ; separated from the sitting-room by a partition, so con-
structed as to be conveniently used for that purpose.
Nothing could reassure Rebecca and Martha, for they
grew every moment more and more solemn and constrained,
and it was a positive relief to them, when, by a pre-arrange-
ment, Mrs. Burgess, one of the neighboring women, came to
the door, and with a dissembled show of haste and alarm
eaid to them,
" Come over at once ; one of my children has been burned
terribly."
** How," said both at once, and without waiting, for an ex-
planation, the three women ran off together, leaving us alone,
•hild rolled its wild eyes — fired with a precocious sense of wrong, the
source of which it struggled to comprehend — first to its hapless mother
and then to us, as if puzzled as much to know why the mother was
confined there, as why we did not release her. Its pitiful moans and
appeals for the help we could not pre, were enough to break our
heart*.
268 Fifteen Years among the Mormcins.
in the sitting-room. The design of this was, that I should be
enabled to lead Bowman into some developments of his
plans and feelings towards the Church, in hearing of the lis-
teners of the next room. Then commenced a series of
attacks upon my victim. I felt I could now afford to act my
part well : more especially as I had given him what warning
I could. I represented to him in my best manner, how much
I wished to escape ; and that I should be pleased to do so by
his assistance ; and that I was willing to submit to any con-
ditions he might impose, and hinted further at other possi-
bilities, in a manner not to be mistaken. As a part of my
instructions were to ascertain if possible what amount of
money he had, I told him, that in case he could not take me,
that with a small sum of money, I should possibly be able to
get away, in another manner, which I did not mention. To
all this he listened in thoughtful silence ; and I was pleased to
notice that I had not awakened his interest, until I referred
to the money. I then asked him in order to draw out a
reply of some kind, what he thought of the Mormons.
" Why as for that," said he slowly, " I have no good reason
to think very well of them. I think I know these Saints are
making arrangements to take my life. I shall never be per-
mitted to leave this place. I know the man who is to be
charged with the duty of effecting my murder. My life is
not worth a fig. But should I succeed in getting away, which
is now impossible, I should be very glad to restore you to
your husband : and then I would come to this accursed den
of assassins, with such a company of true men, and such an
array of arms, as would sweep this impious Prophet, and his
Bowman's Fate. 269
Daniles,' from longer cursing this beautiful valley." While
he said this he rose from his seat, and his eye flashed a proud
defiance, and his whole frame swelled with a lofty enthu-
siasm.
" But," said he, resuming his seat after a moment's silenc6}
and falling back into his quiet and thoughtful mood again,
"you mentioned just now that money might be useful to you.
If so, you can have all you wish ; as it will be useless to me.
All the money in the world cannot save me, Mrs. Smith : and
you may as well have it as any one." I then took the watch
Mr. Smith gave me when he left for California, and handed it
to him. This was a keepsake, and I did not wish to part
with it ; but he looked at it, saying as he did so, " this is
worth about one hundred dollars. I will give you two hun-
dred for it." I knew he would have given me the money as
soon without the watch, as with it : and that he had chosen
to give the transaction a business form, from motives of deli-
cacy to me. I appreciated his motives, but I parted with the
watch with regret. But there was no remedy for it, and he
took from his pocket a purse of gold, which I should say con-
tained several thousand dollars, and counted me the amount,
saving at the same time, I could have more if I wished.
The fact was I dare not refuse the money or explain to him,
why I preferred to keep the watch in the presence of the lis-
teners.
He then said, M Well, Mrs. Smith, I find I am nearer ready
to leave this city, than I had expected ; and I may as well
meet my fate at once. I have concluded to leave to-morrow
morning. If I can once reach the open plains, I can defy
270 Fifteen Tears among the Mormons.
them. The difficulty will be to escape beyond the canons and
mountain passes leading from this city. I think I shall never
pass them ; but we shall see. But it is time I had seen my
men, that they may be ready for an early move in the morning."
We then returned to my mother's who had tea ready,
and when the meal was finished, Bowman went up town
to put his affairs in readiness for the journey ; and we
saw him no more that night. With his company he had
three Indian slaves, purchased as he said in Mexico.
That slavery exists not only among these Mexican and
Indian traders, but also among the Mormons, and by autho-
rity of the Prophet, is perhaps not generally known ; but it
has been reduced to a regular system, in the territory, under
their administration. Young Indian girls and boys, who are
captives among the various tribes, are purchased, and trained
as servants, and are now as much a recognized item of
property there as the negro slaves of Louisiana or Kentucky.
The next morning, our house was filled with our immediate
neighbors, the acquaintances of Bowman, as it was generally
known he was to leave the city at an early hour, and would
bid his friends adieu, after he had taken his breakfast at our
house. Notwithstanding great efforts had been made by the
Heads of the Church, to create a prejudice against him, he
yet had many true friends among us, though none dare to
advocate his cause openly.
When the time arrived for his departure, he came to the
house accompanied by his party. I noticed among the rest,
three very formidable looking Spaniards, who had in charge
the pack animals. His packs were large and numerous, and
Bowman's Fate. 271
were said to contain valuable goods, and other property and
money.
His own dress and appearance on this occasion was very
imposing. He wore a sort of over-shirt of brown broad cloth,
of very fine fabric, with blue pantaloons, and leggings, fastened
above the knee by bands of red velvet, richly ornamented with
bead work, which he prized, as having been worked and pre-
sented, rumor said, by the fair hands of a distinguished Mex-
ican lady. His buckskin riding gloves, were laced from the
wrist to the elbow with silken cords, and the Mexican hat,
which completed his graceful, and somewhat ambitious cos-
tume, was removed when he came in, with an air of good
breeding, and consideration for his friends, and he chose to
treat us all as such, that would have done honor to a gentle-
man of any country or position in life. His whole costume,
however, was arranged in good taste, and according to the
customs of the country. As he moved among us, he was
acknowledged by all to be a model of grace and manly
beauty ; and more than one heart deplored his fate, from
which every Mormon felt there was no reprieve. He wore a
sad and even gloomy face at first, and was much astonished
to find so large a company. Seeing many whom he recog-
nized as his friends, he brightened up somewhat, as he said
with a touch of sarcasm,
" Where is Brigham ? He should be here to preach my
funeral sermon."
The rebuke was so well deserved, that we looked as guilty
as we felt. He saw the effect of his speech; and generously
added:
272 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
" My friends, I know who are the guilty ones among you
and I have now to bid you a final adieu. I thank you for the
honor of your presence here this morning. I wish it was in
my power to serve you."
When he had finished his breakfast, he turned to me and
aid :
" Mrs. Smith, I trust I may ask you to accept this sash at
my hands."
He then put a beautiful sash over one of my shoulders, and
around my waist, and tied it there. Then placing his hands
one on each side of my face, he kissed me, saying :
" Good-bye, Mrs. Smith ;" and then he kissed all the ladies
present, in like manner, and bid them good-bye. John Nor-
ton and the bishop of the ward were present, with many
other men, and a large number of women. It was noticed that
when he shook hands with the men, he did so with less cor-
diality than when he kissed his adieus to the ladies.
His party moved on at his order, and he left us, bearing
with him the sorrowing sympathy of every woman present.
I think nothing but the presence of the men restrained our
tears.
This was Sunday morning ; and after meeting, the Prophe*.
came to John Norton's house, accompanied by General Wells
I saw them, and feeling an anxiety about the fate of Bowman
that would not be appeased nor brook delay, I went there.
I was still in mystery as to the particular manner in which
he was to be disposed of. I knew my interview with him
had not been attended with. quite the result the Prophet haa
anticipated, and that he had changed his policy with rega
Bowman's Fate. 273
lo him since but in what way I knew not. It was this T
wished to know. I concealed my interest in the matter as
best I could, and was well and very kindly received by the
Prophet, who complimented me upon the skillful manage-
ment of my "mission," as he was pleased to call it. He
Dlaced his hands upon my head, and as the Prophet of God,
conferred a blessing upon me, closing with these words :
M You, Mary Ettie, shall yet be mighty in word and deed."
The Prophet then turned the conversation upon the subject
nearest my heart. Besides John Norton and family, there
were several other persons present of note in the Church,
both men and women.
He said, addressing the company generally, " we must
make some arrangements as to Bowman at once. We must
adopt some plan by which to end his existence. It will never
do to allow him to leave the territory : for if he is once at
liberty again, he will set the Spaniards and Indians against
us, if not half the world besides, and that will never do."
% General Wells then proposed that two men should be
selected from the private police, for the purpose of carrying
out the Prophet's "counsel." John Norton volunteered as
one, and the General engaged to find another. With these
few words, the matter was settled. Some other unimportant
conversation passed, and the trial and condemnation of one
of the noblest and bravest of men was accomplished. A
young and innocent man, one incapable of the commission
of a crime, was thus to be cut off, to gratify the craven
bigotry of the Prophet. I had often seen Brigham Young in
lillicult positions before; but I had never known his unwor
12*
274: Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
thy fears get so much the better of his judgment. The
" High Commission " separated, and I went home, sick and
disheartened, to mourn for the doomed. A morbid curiosity
prompted me to know all the details of the cruel measures
taken for his destruction, and circumstances favored my
wishes.
My husband, before our marriage, had been employed by
Major Holman, Indian Agent for the territory, to distribute
the goods, consisting of beads, blankets, brooches, paints and
the like, to some of the tribes ; and by accident, a package
of the paints used by the Indians had been left at our house.
This fact, unimportant in itself, was known to John Norton.
Just at night, Norton came to our house with James Ferguson,
and asked for some of this paint, and made no reserve in tell-
ing us what they wished to do with it. The remainder of thia
story I learned from Norton and Ferguson themselves. This
Ferguson had been selected to accompany Norton. They
left the city on horseback, and that night, passed, after dark,
the house where Bowman had put up. Knowing the route
he must take from there, they went on to Salt Creek canon,
where they disguised themselves as Indians, by painting their
faces and putting on blankets and horse-hair wigs. It
appears that Bowman had sent his main company on, while
he remained behind, keeping but four horses and two Span-
iards with him. He had purchased a wagon and harnessed
two of his horses to it; one Spaniard was driving, and the
other was riding one, and leading another h»rse behind the
wagon, and Bowman was riding inside of it. It was
in this manner that Bowman entered the canon, the next
Bowman's Fate. 275
morning, nearly alone, probably with the hope of misleading
the " Danites," whom he knew would be on hi/, track.
But Norton and Ferguson were in ambu,n near the road,
and as the wagon came on, they both rose from behind some
rocks and bushes, and gave an Indian war-whoop, and fired a
shot, which took effect in the hat of one of the Spaniard*,
whom they wished not to kill, but only to frighten. At this,
both of these cowards fled with the loose horses, and mado
their way back to the city, leaving Bowman alone, who now
rose in the wagon, and drawing himself up to his full height
for a quick survey of the danger, from which he evidently
felt there was no escape, looked undaunted upon his assail-
ants. A moment of silence intervened, and the report of two
rifle shots rang among the rocks of the canon, and he fell to the
bottom of his wagon dead. Either wound was mortal ; one hit
him full in the breast, and the other in the forehead. I after-
wards heard both Norton and Ferguson relate the circum-
stances of his death, and both agreed in the statement as
above given. The Spaniards, upon their arrival at the city,
went before a magistrate, at the suggestion of the Mormons,
who affected great alarm, and made oath that Bowman had
been shot in Salt Creek canon by the Indians, one of them
showing the ball hole through his hat, in confirmation of it ;
and this statement was credited as well among many of the,
Mormons as among the Gentiles, and is sc received to thi?
day by the masses.
A posse of the police were sent out to look for his body,
and for the property, but returned, after a thorough search,
276 Fifteen Years among the Mokmons.
without discovering either ; and thus the matter was hushed
up with the public. No part of his property, which must
have been valued at many thousands of dollars, was ever dis-
covered, as far as was generally known ; but the following
will indicate its probable disposition.
The fiiat 01 second night after Bowman's death, John Nor-
ton and Ferguson brought his body to the city, in the wagon
in which he had been killed, and drawn by his own horses.
They took it to Norton's house. When the men had
gone out, Rebecca came over and told me what had hap-
pened, and I went home with her. We took a light, and
went to the back room and saw the body. We had no diffi-
culty in recognizing it. I clipped from his head a small lock
of hair with my scissors. I afterwards gave this hair to Dr.
Hurt, then or afterwards Indian Agent of the Territory ; and
this, with a note from Brigham Young, received upon a for-
mer occasion, and referring to another matter, were sent to
Washington by Judge Kinney, as the Doctor informed me.
I had afterwards, and at different times, repeated conversation
with the actors in the tragedy of Bowman's imprisonment
and death, from whom I have gathered what I did not
know of my own knowledge. Norton and Ferguson both
acknowledged, in my presence,, that they killed Bowman
in cold blood ; and, what will perhaps appear singular to my
Gentile readers is, they did not consider it a crime. Hiram
Clauson, who, it will be recollected, assisted at the robbery,
and probable murder of Dr. Roberts, told me that the body
of Bowman was given to Drs. Andrews and Williams, well-
known physicians of the city, for dissection.
Bowman '8 Fate 277
I have thus sought to do justice to the memory of Wallace
Alonzo Clark Bowman ; and as his murderers are still living,
I can but hope they may yet meet the reward due their
crimen.
275 Fifteen Years among tiik Mormons.
CHAPTER XXVI
MORMON JESUITISM,
When all was over with poor Bowman, I felt the full pres-
sure of my disagreeable position. Mormonism, now doubly
hateful, was rendered the more terrible to my imagination by
the fact that there was no reasonable hope of escape left me.
I wrote to my husband not to return to Salt Lake, as if he
did, he would very likely never go away alive.
A little circumstance happened soon after this, which served
to render my position still more uncertain and disagreeable.
A stranger came to our house, with a letter purporting to
be from my husband's mother, directed to him and myself,
giving the information that a valuable property had fallen to
the family in Scotland, and wishing him to accompany her to
secure it. The letter had been taken from the post office at
Salt Lake by the stranger, who represented himself as a
brother of my husband. The whole affair looked so singular
and suspicious, that I thought my safest course would be to
lay the matter before the Prophet. I conceived this to be a
plan of the Mormons to test my sincerity.
The stranger afterwards called at our house, and professed
to be authorized by my husband to take me to California, in
Mormon Jesuitism. 279
order to accompany him to Scotland, for the purpose named
in the letter. The Prophet pronounced it an attempt of my
husband to get me from the Saints, and advised me not to go.
This did not alter the opinion I had entertained from the first :
ihat the Prophet knew all about it ; and that it would be at
least safe to follow his " counsel " in this matter, however it
might be when I was free to accept or reject it, if indeed such
* time should ever come. I give this to illustrate the charac-
ter of the Mormon leaders, and their line of policy. I soon
after received a letter from my husband, saying he had given
up the idea of getting me from Salt Lake. That he had made
every possible effort in that direction, and had sent two men
to bring me away, but that they had never been heard from
since ; and that he was quite discouraged about succeeding,
while Mormonism flourished there. As he made no mention
of having sent his brother, I felt myself confirmed in the
opinion I had entertained, as to who were at the bottom of
that transaction. I was still teaching the ward school, and
Brigham Young came to see me very often, and took unusual
pains to encourage and keep me in good spirits, as he believed
I could yet be reconciled to the Church. I deemed it best to
encourage his efforts in this direction ; and I was equally in-
dustrious in my efforts to convince him I was becoming every
day better satisfied ; and that even then I was, to a certain de-
gree, contented and happy. Any other course would have been
beyond question suicidal ; and, as my readers will hereafter
learn, it was by the patient pursuance of this policy, that I after-
wards effected my escape ; not, however, until I had been the
victim of repeated jtappointmenti and hardships
iiSO Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
CHAPTER XXVII.
1HE STORY OF WILLIAM MAC.
On my way to school one morning I met William Mao,
It was this man that had been engaged by my husband to
take me to Bear River, where he was to meet us, which
scheme, it will be recollected, was frustrated by the Prophet
Mac had just returned from California with more goods, and
his family, to remain during the winter. This was the first ]
had known of his return, and I eagerly inquired what informa
tion he had of my husband ; but he knew nothing of him.
It was a few days after this, that I was in his store, to in
quire for some small matter, which I had been unable to find
at other places. It so happened that no one was in the store
at the time, but his two clerks, who were both Gentiles. As
I went out, thinking no Mormons were in hearing, he said to
his clerks, " I think it a burning shame that Mrs. Smith cannot
go to her husband. If she remains until I go in the spring,
I will take her in spite of the whole Mormon crew. If she
will risk herself with my wife, I will take her." I did not
hear these words myself, but there was a Mormon within
hearing who did. Bishop Browning, of Ogden City, stood
at that moment just outside the door, and heard all be had
The Stoky cf William Mac. 281
&aid. He knew me, and had beard of ray marriage to Smith
and of course appreciated how important it was the Prophet
should also know of Mac's intentions. He therefore went im
mediately to Brigham's office, and reported what he had
heard ; and I was sent for at once. When I arrived at the
Prophet's office, he was alone, and sat absorbed in deep study.
His face was overcast and even sad. It was not unusual to
see him thus, when free from excitement He is probably the
most unhappy man alive. I have seen him join the dance
with the utmost abandon ; and have heard him say after-
wards that dancing served to drown for the moment, the crush-
ing weight of care and responsibility under which he groaned.
His government is too absolute to be easily administered, and
it is believed by his most intimate associates, that the frequent
exercise of his assumed prerogative of holding " the issues of
life," which he practically does through the agency of his
" Danites," weighs heavily upon his spirit, and not unfrequent-
ly disturbs his conscience.
He has been often heard to say that his life was not worth
the possession ; and that if he consulted only his own feel-
ings, he should quit the world at once.*
* It cannot be supposed that the Mormon Prophet is the dupe of
his own pretensions, and hence this starting back at the remembrance
of his crimes, and at the recollection of the many, many victims, whose
bones are strewn from Nauvoo to Salt Lake, and through every valley
and cafion, and over every plain of Utah, vindicates the divinity within
us. It admonishes the wrong-doer, that although " hand join to hand,"
and notwithstanding " God i» slow to anger," " the wicked shall not go
unpunished."
Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
He rose as I went in, and giving me his own chair, he as
Burned at once his usual smile and self-possession, and said,
u Well, Nett, I have another tedious job for you."
" What is it ?" I asked.
" This," said he. " I wish to send you upon a mission tc
the Gentiles to get money for us."
" How do you expect me to get money from the Gentiles ?
Certainly you will not expect me to rob, or steal, nor commit
that other sin, which you have always taught us was so
wicked.
" I do not wish," said he, " you should break any covenant
you have made, and while you do not do that, you will be
safe enough. But at present, this is what I wish : that you
should go to Mr. William Mac, the merchant, and make such
advances to him, as that he shall be induced to believe you
are willing to become his mistress, i. e., to live with him with-
out marriage. The Gentiles have but one wire, but they often
have others, whom they support privately, to whom they are
really more attached than to their lawful wives. Now, you
have, perhaps, never understood that this is one reason why
Mormons are allowed to have a plurality of wives, i. e., to
avoid the sin of keeping mistresses. I wish you to do this
without delay. You can succeed, I am certain, from what I
have heard this morning. I have just learned he takes a
great interest in you." He then related to me what he had
heard from Bishop Browning, and all Mac had said. I ear-
nestly begged the Prophet would excuse me for this once,
and reminded him that I had never refused to obey his
tt counsel ;" but asked that he would send some one else
The Story of William Mac. 233
That I Lad hoped to serve the Church in some other capacity,
and did not feel able to acquit myself with credit in such a
mission.
Drawing his small frame up to its fullest height, he assumed
towards me that air of severity, softened by a slight mar-
gin of patronage which, in his hands, was so strong a
weapon, when dealing with those who were entirely within
his power. Upon occasion he could rise to something
very near the sublime, if by chance no strong arm was near
to frighten his divinity and high pretension back within the
limits of good manners. He now looked every inch the
Prophet and inspired Seer, as he said :
u I wish you to proceed according to the best of your know-
ledge That is all I require. I know whether you can do it
or not, before I send for you. You trifle too much with my
word. I am directed by the spirit of my God * when I act."
I saw I had unwittingly aroused, to its fullest intensity, that
strong will, which had never yet found its equal within the
pale of the Church, and which forms a strong element of his
* "lam directed by the spirit of my God." In these words the
Prophet does not acknowledge the " One only true God " of the Bible ;
but he refers in the expression " my God" to the particular God in
whose kingdom he expects to be in the next world, and to whom he is
responsible in this.
He teaches that there are many gods, each having a kingdom in
the other world, in which each is absolute ; bnt that over all these,
the God of the Bible is the acknowledged Ilead ; and that he, Brig-
ham Young, is to be a god there also ; and that the God of the Bible
was once a man, now risen to the high estate of the central s.ud
Ruling Godhead.
284 Fifteen Years among the Mormc^ns.
government, among those who acknowledge his authority as
a Prophet.
I hastily apologized, and made my escape from the inspired
presence, with the best grace possible, promising a cheerful
obedience.
After seriously canvassing my position, I concluded it was
my duty to protect myself, and to obey the Prophet was my
only way to do this. As far as Mac was concerned, if he was
an honest man, he would not be misled by me. If he believed
as he professed, that it was wrong for Mormons to have a
plurality of wives, he certainly would not do what both Gen-
tiles and Mormons professed to think a crime, and therefore
he would be safe. For if he did not yield to temptation,
the Prophet could find no pretext for extorting money from
him.
My readers will of course understand that I was expected
to go only far enough to get him committed by some overt
act or promise, which the Mormons could use as the founda-
tion of charges against him, for which he would prefer to pay
heavily, rather than be exposed. This was about the time
the Prophet was building a very extensive dwelling for his
wives, where he wished to gather those who were especially
his favorites, under one roof: a sort of religious harem, to be
fitted up with a costly magnificence, worthy of the resideuce
of the Prophet, and the possessor of so many wives. To do
this, he was availing himsel* of every possible resource foi
raising money.
I have been asked repeatedly, Aylcq my return to the States,
how many wives the Prophet had ; and I have heard it stated
The Story cf William Mac. 285
uere, that he had thirty. Now I suppose if the Prophet him-
8)lf were asked the question, he could not answer it, without
first having an examination of the records, as well of mar-
riages as of deaths, for they often die without his knowledge,
as they are scattered over the territory, and often live in
pi ices remote from the city. I recollect hearing a story told
of him, which illustrates this point.
At one time, when on a tour of inspection at Little Salt
Lake, he put up for the night with a family of Mormons,
consisting of a woman and her daughter. In the morning,
the mother asked the Prophet if he knew that young lady,
referring to her daughter. He said he did not. The mother
then informed him, that the young woman was his daughter ;
and stated the time, at Nauvoo, when she had been " sealed "
to him. Upon examining the records, it was found to be true.
I heard, at another time, one of the High Priests, whose
business it was to anoint the sick, say, that he had that
morning anointed twenty of the Prophet's babies — all of
whom had the measles. If Brigham Young has not a hun-
dred wives, which he probably has not, it is because he never
saw so many single women whom he wished to marry. Of
course I need not state, that it very seldom happens that his
wishes in this respect are disregarded ; and I think they never
are, among the true believers ; for why should they be, since
his application is backed by that unanswerable argument:
44 thus saith the Lord," and that is the end of it.
Going to rny school-rocm, I sent the children to their
homes, and set myself to work at once, to carry out the hated
" counsel m of the tyrant, whom I dared not disobey.
286 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
I fixed my plan of operations, by adopting such measures
as should leave no doubt of my intentions, hoping this very
boldness might put him on his guard, or at least, astonish
him into decency. At first, I drew up a note addressed to
him, in which I expressed my proposition, in terms not to be
mistaken, and then dressing myself with care, went to his
store. Mr. Mac was not in at the moment. The clerks
volunteered to show me anything I might wish, but I told
them I preferred to see the proprietor ; as I was looking for an
article used only in the High Priest's office, and that I would
wait his return. This excited some curiosity with them, and
gave rise to some speculation as to what it was ; in the midst
of which, Mr. Mac came in. This was as I preferred it
should be, for I wished to give the man some chance for his
life, and not to use an unfair bait, but to tempt him in the
presence of his clerks, and with their eyes upon him, anc1
when he was free from excitement. If he fell into my snara
under such circumstances, it would be but the result of hig
own folly.
Mr. Mac received me very kindly, and with the overacted
politeness in vogue among shopkeepers of his class, wished
me good morning ; at the same time, asked what he could
do for me. " Several things," said I. " First, I wish to look
at this," going to a piece of carpet near by, and, at the same
time, handing him the note in the presence of the clerks.
After reading the note, without the least show of embarrass-
ment, he turned to me, and said, as if nothing had happened
out of the usual line of business : —
" Yes, yes ; I think we haven't it now, but we can accom
The Story of William Mao. 287
modate you soon ;" as if referring to some imaginary article
of trade, which he happened not to have.
" Let me see," he said, referring to the note. " Does the
lady expect me to keep this ?"
" I believe she does," said I, and then took ray leave, sorry
to find him so approachable, saying as I went out, " you will
please to let me know when you can fill the order," as if still
referring to the imaginary article, supposed to have been
mentioned in the note. I was the more pained with the re-
sult of this interview, from the fact, that one of the strong
arguments the few of us who rejected the spiritual wife doc-
trine were in the habit of urging was, that the Gentiles who
believed in Christianity, rejected it, as not being a practice
authorized by the Bible. Against this view, the Prophet
urged that it was only a pretence with them.
** True," he would say, " the Gentiles have openly but one
wife; but they have in secret as many as they can sup-
port."
And here was a Gentile who, by his practice, had confirmed
the Prophet's reasoning.
I went with a heavy heart, immediately to report the pro-
gress I had made.
Brigham was well pleased, and encouraged me to go on ;
" but," said he, " after this you had better not come to my
office. I will send some one to assist and instruct you, as
occasion may require.
" I have been publicly preaching of late, to our women,
against associating, in any way, with the Gentiles ; and ifj
Mac should notice you came here, he would be likely to
288 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
think you visited him with my consent, and hence, would sua
pect you of bad faith."
Up to this time, it had never occurred to me, that if I
should go to my brother Howard, now my only brother living,
possibly he could protect me against the necessity of submit-
ting to the Prophet's "counsel," in the execution of these
" missions." He was a High Priest, and was much about the
person of the Prophet, having been one of his secretaries
from the first, and he was said to have influence with him.
On my way home, I went to Howard's house, and told him
what had happened, and asked him to assist me. I believe
him to be an honest man, and that he would in no case, or
for no earthly consideration, commit a crime ; but the claims
of the Church and the word of the Prophet, are to him a law
above all question or cavil. He listened to me with patience,
and said when I had finished :
" Mary Ettie, I am sorry you are capable of filling missions
of that kind : but it is an evidence of the Prophet's divine
commission, that he has discovered this talent in you ; and
the whole Church recognize you as fitted for the work ; and
many think it is a special grace sealed upon your head. It
will be utterly impossible to escape your mission, or to ques-
tion the Prophet's counsel — you must go on."
I went home sick and disheartened, for I saw there was no
escape from this degrading service. I had been at home
but a few minutes, when John Norton came to the door, and
said, as if he understood the embarrassment of my position,
" Nett, I tell you to do as you have been counselled ; there ie
no other way for you."
Tup: Story of William Mac. 289
I knew he had been sent by the Prophet, who had probably
been informed of wfeat I had just said to Howard. I made him
no direct reply, but went to bed early, to seek forgetfulness
for the time in sleep.
The next morning, I awoke refreshed and calm. I wished
to make one more appeal to Brigham Young, and I went to
his house, and had the good fortune to find him there with
Orson Hyde. As I went in he met me at the door, with his
best smile, saying, as he patted my cheek playfully,
■ Well, Nett, you think you have a hard time of it, do
you?"
tt I do not understand," said I, " why you have selected me
for this kind of work, always ending as it does, if not in mur-
der, at least in something as wicked."
" Because," said he, " I know you have the faculty of gain-
ing the friendship of those with whom you come in contact,
and you must do something for the Church. If you will not
marry any of us, you must help ' milk the Gentiles.' I do
wish you could ever realize how we have been driven from
one State to another by these Gentiles, until we have finally
reached this stronghold among the mountains; and thev
would now push us on, and into the Pacific, if they could. liut
the powers of Hell cannot disturb us here. They are now in-
venting every possible plan to get away our most intelligent
women, while I am telling them plainly every Sunday from
the pulpit, they are not wanted among us."
" I understand you, brother Brigham, as to that," said I ;
44 but why are not others, as well as myself, sent to milk the
Gentiles, as you term it? I am fearful my husband will
13
290 Fifteen Years among the Mormons
not approve of my conduct, if I should go on with this mat
ter."
" Perhaps," said the Prophet, " if your were called upon to
do as some females in the Church have done, you would
renounce Mormonism outright. You do not know what
everybody may he doing, any more than everybody knows
what you are doing. When people first come into the
Church, they must be fed upon the thinnest milk ; but you
should now be able to eat strong meat."
I felt a strong inclination to laugh, which he noticed, and
checked me, by saying :
" You always trifle with serious matters."
" Do you think it a trifling matter," said I, " to lead a man
off, and take his money, and perhaps his life ?"
He looked at me seriously for a moment, as if smitten by
the inquiry, and said at length, almost despairingly :
" I have a terrible headache."
But without sparing him, I said, " Smith will never tolerate
such work."
" Never mention him," said he. " It is a sin to think of him.'-
" But if he comes back, and confesses his sins," I replied>
u you are bound to forgive him — are you not ?"
" He never will," said the Prophet, earnestly. " If he does,
he shall never have you; but my head aches, and I must
leave you to accomplish your appointed work."
" I will not disturb you further," said I ; " and if I had the
power of healing, I would relieve you. But Saints never
have the power of healing and prophesy at the same time-
do they, Brother Brigham !"
The Stokt of William Mao. 291
"No, no," said he, with a show of impatience unusual to him *
and as I stood in the door to take my leave, his face wore an
expression of distrust. I thought he doubted whether, in my
simple question, I had not intended to read him a lesson upon
the text " Physician heal thyself;" but I did not delay to ap-
prise him of his mistake.
I went immediately to Mac's store to commence operations,
for I wished to have done with it. I told him I wished to
trade some ; but that I had no money. He said that would
make no difference. That I could have anything I wished.
I told him I could not accept of anything in that way — pur-
posely giving his words a broader meaning than he had in-
tended. But nothing appeared to astonish the fellow, and
after a moment's reflection, he said, with a wonderfully know-
ing expression of face, " Mrs. Smith, I would like to see you
alone, if you will give me an opportunity."
With an eagerness I had not before manifested, I replied,
" Very well. Nothing could be more agreeable to me, for I
must acknowledge I have been much troubled on your account
of late." In what way the reader can judge.
" When may I expect to find you at home ?" he asked.
" Come down this afternoon," said I, earnestly. I then
went home, revolving in my mind whether there was not
ome possible means by which I could save this foolish man
J I are I trust him so much as to drop a hint of the part I was
playing, and why? I feared not, and yet I was half resolved
10 attempt it. But I soon found that would be impos-
sible : for I had been at home but a few minutes, wheD
Capt. Hardy, who was chief of the city police, and JohD
292 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
Norton came to inquire what had been my success. I told
them how things had been arranged. They said the mission
had been put into our hands by Brigham, " who has directed
us," said Hardy, " to recognize you as captain, and to render
vou such assistance as you may wish."
" I think I do not need any assistance. I can do all that is
necessary to be dono alone," said I.
" Oh, no, madam, we must help you. We are coming to
hear what he has to say."
They then directed me to arrange a bedroom, that opened
into the parlor, for them, and they would return before Mac
came, to assist me, as they termed it. The real object being
to keep me under espionage. There was now no escape, as
I was under the eye of the police, and I felt I could do no
more to protect the victim. To attempt it would be to trifle
with my own existence.
Milking a Gentile. 293
CHAPTER XXVIII.
MILKING A GENTILE.
The chief of the police returned in a few minutes, accora
panied by John Norton, and both secreted themselves within
the bedroom ; and very soon after this Mac came, finding me,
as he supposed, alone. I was engaged in doubling some
yarn, and he took the swifts and set them away, saying, as he
did so, u Mrs. Smith, you can afford to live without work, if
you are willing to grant what I expect of you. You were
never intended to live with these Mormons. If you will go
with me, I will enable you to live in a society you are so well
qualified to grace. Do you wish to go to California?"
" I certainly do," said I.
" Let us understand each other," said Mac. " Would you
be willing to go with me wherever I go ?"
" Nothing could suit me better. I will go anywhere with
you ;" and I could have added, " with any one else, if I could
but get away from Utah."
"You cannot well imagine," said Mac, " my astonishment
when you handed me that note the other day. I have often
thought before that I should be willing to give any amount
of money if you could accidentally fal' into my hands in this
294 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
way ; but I did not expect one like you could be induced to
look favorably upon such a man as I am, and I am even now at
a loss to account for it."
Apprehensive that his .nability to "account for it" would
lead him to make some awkward inquiries, I called his atten-
tion from that point by mentioning his wife.
u On her account I cannot marry you" said he ; " but I
have as good a right to live with you, I suppose, as Brigham
Young has to live with any of his wives."
" I think you have," said I " quite as good."
The idea that a Gentile should seek to justify a violation
of his own faith by quoting our " Prophet," seemed to me
very strange.
Emboldened by an apparent success, and by a seeming will-
ingness on my part to meet his advances half way, he attempt-
ed a nearer approach to my person ; but thrown for the mo-
ment off my guard, I met the movement with a shudder of
disgust and aversion so undisguised that he paused disconcert-
ed by it, and said, " Why, Mrs. Smith, what is the matter ?
you act strangely. You are really shivering, too !"
Seeing the necessity of reassuring him, I laughed, and said :
" Oh, that is nothing but one of my whims. Be seated, and
let us talk over matters ;" and handing him a chair, I contin-
ued : " How would it be if I should ask for some money ?
Are you liberal ?"
" Not very," said he ; " but I do not forget my friends."
Affecting great satisfaction with him on this account, I gave
expression to a willingness to be his, as soon as it was con-
venient ; but that he must be aware how liable we were to be
Milking a Gentile. 295
discovered, and that such conduct in a Mormon woman was
deemed in our Church a very high crime, punishable with
death.
He was aware of that, and expressed himself willing to
abide his time. He was particularly happy in his commenda-
tion of my prudence, and hoped I would manage the thing
discreetly.
1 then told him he had better leave me for the present,
and that the next evening we would take a walk to some
quiet and unfrequented part of the town, where we could
have a moment by ourselves undisturbed.
With this he was satisfied, and he took a very affectionate
leave of me, contenting himself, however, with the simple
demonstration of kissing my hand.
When once rid of him I found relief in tears. How was it
possible for human nature to endure such tortures ? Captain
Hardy and John Norton came from their hiding-place, and
essayed to cheer and comfort me. Their compliments were
so extravagant and ludicrous, that it was soon difficult to
determine whether I was suffering most from my excess of
contempt or tears. The captain said I was a model coquette,
and the Prophet should know how well I had performed my
mission, and many other things too disgusting to admit of
tears ; and I dried them up.
" That is a good arrangement," said John Norton ; " and
you must meet him »o-morrow evening as you have engaged.
But where had she better take him, Captain Hardy ?"
" I have been thinking of that," said the Captain. »' I
think the south side of the adobe* yard, by the slough, is the
296 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
place for them. We will be near to protect you, Nett. That
is a lonely place, but you may have no fears. Go on, and we
will always keep you in sight."
My gallant assistants then withdrew, and t was once more
left to myself. I thought the matter over, and came to the
conclusion that this man Mac was undeserving of sympathy;
and as they probably aimed to take only his property, I
would go through with my part cheerfully.
Just before dark the next evening, I left home, prepared
for the enterprise. The clear calm twilight, always enchant-
ing in Utah, was fast closing in ; and the moon soon after rose
with unusual splendor above the rugged mountains, back of
the city, revealing the silver crowns of their snow-capped
summits, far to the north and west. I had seldom seen a
more lovely night, and never before found the pure air more
delicious. It seemed desecration to taint such an atmosphere
with works fitting only for demons. I walked leisurely down
the street on which Mac lived, and passed his house. He
was sitting with his wife by the door. I had proceeded but a
6hort distance, when he overtook me, and said, as he came
up:
" Mrs. Smith, you are faithful in the performance of your
engagements."
" I fear I have been but too faithful," said I. But not to
him, as my readers by this time understand.
" What a lovely evening," said he. " Such a night is
favorable for us. Shall we go down by the trees, and find a
seat among their shadows, where we can hold a whispered
interview unnoticed ?"
Milking a Gentile. 297
** No," said I ; "we shall be less exposed by the adobe*
yard. Let us go there, if you are willing."
" Anywhere you say," said he. " And I must say this is
the happiest moment of my life." He took my arm, and
observing that I trembled, he said : " Mrs. Smith, how is
this ? you are crying, as I live, if this moonlight does not
deceive me. There is some mystery about this."
Forcing myself into self-possession with a success I hardly
hoped to achieve, I said, smiling through my tears : " Mr.
Mac, is it possible you understand so little a woman's heart ?
Did you suppose I could forget my husband so readily, even
without a tear or a regret? It was along this very street we
walked, the night before he left me."
This effort at coquetry had the effect I wished ; for while it
silenced his suspicions for the moment, it gave me a shelter
behind which to retreat in case of emergency.
" Yes," said he, " I think I can understand you ;" as if
relieved from an unpleasant fear — that his hold upon me was
uncertain. " I can appreciate your feelings, and it does you
credit ; although I had flattered myself that I should be able
to supply his place, at least in some degree ; and in the end
to supplant him, not only in possession, but in that more
tender relation of the heart, and I hope I am not deceived.
Am I ? If so, tell me, and I will try to bear in silence the
most cruel disappointment of my life."
The pathos of his words, and the earnest concern they
evinced, excited my pity for a moment; for I reflected that
perhaps the accursed practices of our Church had had the
effect to weaken the bonds of good faith as well among the
13*
208 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
Gentiles as among us. It was perhaps but another form of
the bitter fruits of our errors, destined, may be, to corrupt the
world.
I had seen as yet nothing of the police, and was growing
more and more nervous every moment about being left
alone, when I saw two men not far from us, one of whom I
recognized as Captain Hardy. I therefore felt at ease, and
replied now without restraint.
" Mr. Mac, I am very much flattered by your professions
of attachment, and I accept them as being made in sincerity ;
and judging from my own heart, I think you would not wish
me to take any step that could have a tendency to injure
He was not quite prepared for this, and made no reply at
first, but at length said : " Let us go down by the adobe"
yard, the place for which we started, and talk it over."
I now had the cards somewhat in my own hands, for the
police were near enough to protect me, in case I needed
them; while they dare not come so near as to be within
hearing of us. I therefore refused to go further, and we dis-
cussed the question for a long time. While he urged, I
refused. The police very naturally supposed, in the mean-
time, the reverse was true, and that Mac was the faltering
one. We at length started towards home, slowly, all the
while disputing the point. I took care on my part to leave
the impression, with those who could only see us, that I wen/
unwillingly. As we passed a schoolhouse Mac saw the
policemen, as I supposed for the first time ; but it 6eemed
otherwise, for he said :
Milking a Gentile. 299
" Who are those men ? I have seen them several times
since we have been walking."
" One of them is a policeman, I think," said I.
" What can they be doing here ?" said he. " They are
neve;* on guard in this quarter of the town until after mid-
night. Mrs. Smith, I half suspect they are watching us."
Wishing to alarm, if possible, without explaining to him
my true position, I replied: "Oh dear, such a life will kill
me. I am going home."
M Hold one moment, Mrs. Smith," said he, as if startled by
a new idea. " Have you been playing a part to-night ? Tell
me now ; is it not true that you have been acting under the
instructions of these Mormon devils, to lead me into some
trap ? I have heard of such things among these Saints before ;
but I could hardly believe it of you women — and yet why
not ; for I know enough of Mormonism to comprehend that
the women dare not disobey * counsel/ Come, tell me how
it is, that I may prepare for the worst. I shall not blame
you. I know there is something wrong, for you have had an
opportunity of doing as I expected you, and yet you fairly
shrink from my touch. How is it ? Are these policemen
sent to assist you V
I looked upon the poor man now with positive pity — for
he was greatly alarmed ; and yet I dare not answer hh>
questions fully for I doubted his discretion. Still deter
mined not to lull his suspicions, I said, with a significance" of
tone which should have been clearer to him than an open
avowal : " Mr. Mac, all is right. But if it were not, what
then ? You know I dare not tell you, even if it were wrong.
300 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
But I must go. Good-night !" I left him thus abruptly,
hoping his good sense, if he had any, would come to his
rescue. I went home quickly enough, attended at a safe
distance by my police guard.
The next day Captain Hardy and his assistant came to the
house, much elated, and rallied me greatly upon what they
called my failure to get Mac down to the adobe yard.
"How did it happen, Nett?" said the Chief of Police,
in high glee. " Why would he not go on ? I fear you are
losing your skill as a coquette. Perhaps the frogs of the
slough croaked too loud for his nerves. How vexed and dis-
appointed we were when we saw you turn back. But it has
turned out for the best, and shows the hand of the Lord was
in it ; for this morning Mac has sold out his whole property,
and is to receive the amount in cash on Monday. What
could have given him such a fright ? But no matter. The
Prophet wishes you to get him out again, immediately after
he receives the money, before he goes home, and take him
near Mr. Judd's, by Simpson's shed, we will have a seat
arranged for you. He will not object going there. Tell him
as an evidence of your sincerity, that you will grant any
request he may make, if he will meet you at your own gate
at seven o'clock on Monday evening. That is about the time
he is to receive the money. He will not be likely to go
iiome until after seeing you ; and he will have the dimes with
him — but not long, for we will try to relieve him of them."
I was sorely disappointed at the new form the affair had
assumed. It seemed, these Mormons with their spies that
never sleep, were always ready to turn everything to theii
Milking a Gentile. 301
own advantage. I had hoped the business was ended. This
new demand upon my endurance sickened and discouraged
me. I made the Captain no reply ; but looked at him in
silence. Thinking he had gone too far, he hastily apologized,
begging to know how he had offended me.
" In no way except by your presence, sir. Am I no longer
vO have even time for sleep ? Say to the Prophet that I obey ;
but I trust you will leave me for the present, as I have need
of rest."
"You shall not be disturbed ; you shall have everything
your own way, Nett. Good day."
Sick and disheartened, I went to bed, and fell into a sound,
though not untroubled sleep ; for my victim, half rescued and
yet half within the meshes of the entanglements which sur-
rounded him, disturbed my dreams. I have had occasion
more than once to thank Heaven for the sweet influences of
sleep. I awoke towards night, and at once applied myself tc
the accomplishment of my ungracious task.
Going to Mac's store, I found him alone ; I said, " Mr. Mac
after thinking over our interview of last night, I have conclu-
ded, that if you will call on Monday — say at seven o'clock — 1
will take you where it will be convenient for us to be by our-
selves." I assured him further, of my entire good faith, and
made myself agreeable. I was prepared for being repulsed,
as I supposed he would hardly fall into the snare a second
time ; but instead of showing he had learned wisdom from the
, he received my proposition gladly. After a moment's
reflection, he said he could not come a* that time, as businesi
«.f importance would detain him.
302 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
" Any other time you can name," said Le, " I will be with
you."
" Any other time will not do," said I. u This is the . ast pro
position I have to make."
" Very well, Mrs. Smith, I will meet you then at seven
o'clock. You shall have it as you wish."
This was Saturday : and on Monday, at the appointed time,
Mr. Mac called at our gate and found me, with bonnet in
hand, ready to go. " T suppose you intend to take me to the
adobe yard this time," said he, as we moved down the street.
" No, we will go down past Mr. Judd's, and find a seat by
the vine-covered shed near his house."
" Very well, I shall follow, and be content ;" said he, watch-
ing me, however, very closely, as if something in my appear-
ance troubled him. He finally said, with some impatience —
" I think you are an enigma. What can be the matter
low ? At one moment you seem very fond of me, and the
next, one would think, I was the object of your special hate.
The more I do to please you, the farther I am from it. You
are unlike most women. Am I so very disagreeable after all,
that you cannot endure me ¥'
" Oh, the truth is, Mr. Mac, my whole life thus far has
been but a quick succession of vexatious ill luck, and I am
fast becoming a confirmed misanthrope. I owe you an
apology. But here we are. Let us occupy this seat. Have
I not been "happy in my choice of a rendezvous? you must
give me some credit for this."
" I will give you credit for anything you ask, if you will
put off that long face ;" he said in a more cheerful tone.
Milking a Gentile. 3C3
The seat we now occupied had been prepared for the
occasion by the police. The shed at our backs was owned
in common by Mr. Judd and Mr. Simpson, aud was near the
house of the former. It was inclosed, and' more or less
covered with vines on the side next to us : and one part of it
was occupied as a hen-house. Captain Hardy, with his
police force, had thoughtlessly taken possession of the inside,
without notifying Mr. Judd of the fact : which act of indis-
cretion he soon had reason to regret. As for us, we fell into
a very interesting conversation at once. Mr. Mac, pleased
and embarrassed by the novelty of his position, and elated
with the prospect of success, exceeded himself in a laudable
effort to please.
We had been thus engaged for some time, when an un-
looked for event disturbed our interview. The police were so
near, being separated from us only by thin boards, between
which were spaces, more or less wide, that I was entirely un-
concerned as to my own personal safety ; and I did Mr. Mao
the honor of making myself an excellent listener, joining in
the conversation only when I found it necessary in order to
draw him out upon some point, on which I knew by previous
instructions, the Chief of Police wished his opinion, or when
growing too confidential and subdued, or personal in his re-
marks, it became me to open to him a new field of thought
by a suggestion or a query, and thus to hold him in check.
Upon the whole, he was an exceedingly happy man, and I
should have pitied him, in view of the disappointment by
which I foresaw he must soon be overtaken, had he not de-
served my contempt. But it came in a niannor more ludi-
304 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
crous than I had expected, and I found myself as much
astonished by it as I had expected him to be.
It appeared the Chief of Police and his assistant had bcth
allowed their dogs to follow, and it had not occurred to
them, how much inconvenience this oversight might occasion,
until all the parties of the drama had taken their places, and
it was then too late to correct the mistake. But, in order
to make the best of the matter, each secured and held his
own cur, listening at the same time to the conversation in
progress between Mac and myself. While thus engaged, one
of the dogs, by some sudden impulse, effected an escape from
the hand of its master, and in the effort to regain possession
of it, a support on which several broods of chickens were
quietly at roost, was thrown down, bringing with it a score
of frightened birds.
In a moment all was confusion. The squalling of the
chickens, and the wild clarion notes of alarm sounded by the
cocks, joined with the unearthly yelps and barking of the
dogs, raised a din and clamor which for the moment carried
everything before it. The abrupt and unexpected nearness
of the uproar rendered its first advent terrific. And over all,
soon rose the sputtering yells of Mr. Judd to his wife, to
bring the rifle which he said was loaded, and he would shoot
the thieves. I started at once at full speed in the direction of
the city, fast followed by Mr. Mac, who was too much fright-
ened to think or act for himself. In passing the house, I saw
the aged pair in their night clothes, bounding from place to
place, more hopelessly alarmed than any one else, except Mr,
Mac and the hens, for these were the only parties not .n the*
Milking a Gentile. 305
secret. When at a safe distance up the street, I paused to
look back to see the policemen, plunging from the hen-roost
amidst the unabated cackling of hens and the yelping of
dogs, and making good use of their heels down a by-street,
the gallant chief losing his hat in the scramble. The whole
posse was hotly pursued by Mr. Judd, shouting loudly
" Hold, you roost robbers ; it is the Mormon law to shoot
thieves ; and I will fire. Quick, woman, with the rifle ;" but
every moment putting a greater distance between himself and
his weapon. The female head of the house the while, some
two rods behind in hot pursuit of him, with rifle in hand,
screaming at the top of her cracked voice : " Here, man,
take the gun. Do take it."
Before Mr. Mac had time to recover from his astonishment
sufficiently to ask an explanation, I effected a safe retreat
from the scene of action and reached home alone, greatly
amused at the comical termination of the affair. But this
was not the end of the matter with Mr. Mac ; for the next
day the police, after letting Mr. Judd into the secret, had Mac
privately arrested, and confronted him with the witnesses to
our conversation ; and the unlawful proposals he had made to
me, threatening an exposure, not only to his wife, but to the
world, and he paid roundly to avoid it. When this was done,
Mr. Judd threatened to have him arrested for robbing his
hen-roost ; and then the " Gentile" was " milked " again, and
§o on, until every pretext was exhausted. He afterwards said
to a Gentile friend that he had paid about ;ne thousand dol-
lars for this indiscretion. Captain Hardy and Robert Bur-
ion. when all was over, came to our house and told me, how
306 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
they had succeeded in " milking " him, and they were highly
gratified with their success.
A few days after this, the Prophet sent for me to come to
tne house of Hiram Clauson, where he came, as he said, to
compliment me upon my success in " milking the Gentile
Mac." When I went in, he received me very cordially, say-
ing : " Nett, brother Hiram was saying as you came in, tha
you deserve to have your name written in the chronicles and
archives of your brethren, and your acts and miracles also,
and so it shall be done. You have been a faithful servant."
It was to extort this expression from the Prophet, and to
lull his suspicions and to gain his confidence, in order that he
would trust me beyond the limits of the city, that I might
thus sooner or later find the means of making my escape,
that I had submitted to obey his " counsel," and had assisted
him in the perpetration of crime. I therefore said to him :
" Brother Brigham, I am very glad if my conduct has
met your approval ; and I shall improve this opportunity to
ask a favor of you. I wish to spend the winter in Tooille
Valley, with my brother Howard."
" Certainly," said the Prophet, graciously ; " you shall go,
and I hope you may enjoy yourself immensely."
My brother had lately moved his family to that settlement,
where he had a farm ; and I soon joined him, by permission
obtained as above mentioned, to spend the winter, hoping that
something would turn up in the meantime by which I could
effect my escape. But before I proceed to give my adventures
while there, I will pause in my own personal narrative, in
order to give in the next chapter a few facts in the history of
BIilking a Gentile. 307
other persons, with which I was not immediately connected,
yet which fell under my notice, having a tendency to illus-
trate the influence and general working of Mormonism under
the government of Brigham Young
308 Fifteen Tears among the Mormons.
CHAPTER XXIX.
PUNISHMENT OF HERESY.
The following episode in Mormon life I give, not because
it has any peculiar interest over many others which I have
neglected to narrate, but because it illustrates the idea indi-
cated by the heading of this chapter, and for the further
reason, that the facts are well authenticated.
About the time referred to in the last chapter, Jesse T.
Hartly came to Great Salt Lake City. He was a man of
education and intelligence, and a lawyer by profession. I
never knew where he was from, but he was a Gentile when
he came, and soon after married a Mormon girl by the name
of Bullock, which involved a profession, at least, of Mormon-
ism. It was afterwards supposed by some that his aim was
to learn the mysteries of the Church, in order to make an
expose' of them afterwards. At all events, the eye of the
Prophet was upon him from the first, and he was not long in
discovering, through his spies, good grounds for suspicion.
Hartly was a fine speaker and a man calculated to make
friends, and he was named by some one, unacquainted with
the fact that the Prophet regarded him with suspicion, as a
fit person to be appointed missionary preacher among the
Punishment of Heresy. 309
Gentiles. As is customary in such cases, he was proposed in
open convention, when all the Heads of the Church were on the
stand ; and the Prophet rose at once with that air of judicial
authority, from which those who know him best understand
there is to be no appeal, and said : " This man, Hartly, is
guilty of heresy. He has been writing to his friends in Ore-
gon against the Church, and has attempted to expose us to the
world, and he should be sent to hell cross lots." This was
the end of the matter as to Hartly.
His friends after this avoided him, and it was understood
that his fate was sealed. He knew that to remain was death ;
he therefore left his wife and child, and attempted to effect
an escape.
Not many days after he had gone, Wiley Norton told us,
with a feeling of exultation, that they had made sure of
another enemy of the Church. That the bones of Jesse Hartly
were in the canons, and that he was afraid they would be
overlooked at the Resurrection, unless he had better success
in w pleading" in the next world than in this, referring to his
practice as a lawyer.
Nearly a year and a half after this, when on ray way to
the States, I saw the widow of Jesse Hartly at Green River.
She had been a very pretty woman, and was at that time but
twenty-two years old. I think she was the most heart-broken
human being I have ever seen. She was living with her
brother, who kept the ferry there, and he was also a Mormon.
We were waiting to be taken over, when I saw a woman,
with a pale, sad face, dressed in the deepest black, sitting
upon the bank, alone. The unrelieved picture of woe which
310 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
she presented, excited our curiosity and sympathy. Accom-
panied by my sister, I went to her, and after some delay and
the assurance, that although we were Mormons, we were
yet women, she told us her brief story, without a tear ; yet
with an expression of hopeless sorrow which I shall never
forget. Oh ! Mormonism is too hard — too cruel upon women.
Can it — will it be permitted for ever ?
It was not until I had suggested to her, that perhaps I had
also a woe to unburden, as the result of my Mormon life,
which might have some comparison to her own, that she
commenced by saying :
" You may have suffered ; and if you have been a Mormon
wife, you must have known sorrow. But the cruelty of my
own fate, I am sure, is without a parallel — even in this land
of cruelty."
" I married Jesse Hartly, knowing he was a ' Gentile ' in
fact, but he passed for a Mormon, but that made no difference
with me, although I was a Mormon, because he was a noble
man, and sought only the right. By being my husband,
he was brought into closer contact with the members of
the Church, and was thus soon enabled to learn many
things about us, and about the Heads of the Church, that
he did not approve, and of which I was ignorant, although
I had been brought up among the Saints ; and which, if
known among the Gentiles, would have greatly damaged us.
1 do not understand all he discovered, or all he did ; but
they found he had written against the Church, and he
was cut off, and the Prophet required as an atonement for
his sins, that he should lay down his life. That he should be
Punishment of Heresy. 31J
sacrificed in the endowment rooms ; where human sacrifices
are sometimes made in this way. This I never knew until
my husband told me, but it is true. They kill those there
who have committed sins too great to be atoned for in any
other way. The Prophet says, if they submit to this he can
save them ; otherwise they are lost. Oh ! that is horrible.
But my husband refused to be sacrificed, and so set out alone
for the United States : thinking there might be at least a
hope of success. I told him when he left me, and left his
child, that he would be killed, and so he was. William
Hickman and another Danite, shot him in the canons ; and
I have often since been obliged to cook for this man, whev
he passed this way, knowing all the while, he had killed my
husband. My child soon followed after its father, and I hope
to die also ; for why should I live ? They have brought me
here, where I wish to remain, rather than to return to Salt
Lake, where the murderers of my husband curse the earth,
and roll in affluence unpunished."
She had finished her sad story, and wo were choking down
our sobs of pity in silence, when she noticed her brother, of
whom she appeared to stand in awe, coming toward us, and
Bhe rose saying, " I trust you will excuse me," and then went
her way, still wearing the same stony expression of agony(
and as unrelieved by tears as when we first saw her. But
this is but one case among a thousaud others, that have never
seen the light, and never will, until the dark history of the
" DaniteB," or the " Destroying Angels," as the Prophet was
sometimes pleased to call them, is unveiled.
It was about one year previous to the death of Hartly
312 Fifteen ¥ears among the Mormons.
ihat the following incident occurred. Wiley Norton was
going by our house one day on horseback, and calling at the
gate, said he was on his way to assist in burying a dead body,
that had been found a short distance out of the city, by two
of the herd boys. These were smallish boys, employed in
looking after the cattle, and to assist the herdsmen. They
had reported the fact of finding che body when they came in
the night before, and by this time the Gentiles had heard of
it, and a great number of stories were in circulation. Among
others, that a Gentile had been murdered by the Mormons,
which was probably true ; but there was no evidence of it.
Wiley said he would call when he returned, and tell us what
he saw, and all he could learn about it. In the evening,
Wiley, as he had promised, called and gave us the following
facts. He said :
" We went out with the boys to find the body, who took
as to the log, behind, and partly under which, it was hidden.
When we came near it, and the boys pointed where it was,
brother Jeddy (Jedadiah M. Grant) told them, there was no
dead man in that place. And this was true, for we had
already removed it. He then attempted to make them
acknowledge they were mistaken ; but the boys persisted in
the statement first made Thev said thev saw it yesterday
and knew what it was, although it was now gone. Brothe: /
Jeddy's object was to have the boys return to the city, and 5
report that they had never seen the body, but that they had
told the story as a joke ; which coupled with the fact, that
it was not to be found, would allay the excitement among
the 'Gentile?.' This the bov3 refused to do: 'for how
Punishment of Heresy. 313
could we?' asked the honest little fellows, 'for we did
see it'
" Brother Grant told them, if they would not, he would take
them to the slough and have them drowned. Still they re-
fused, and we took them to the water, and brother Jeddy put
one of them in, and held him there until he was quite ex-
hausted, and when he could breathe again, he said as reso-
lute as ever, that the man was dead ; for he saw, and could
smell him. He knew it. This was repeated several times,
with a similar result We then dug a grave, and told the
other boy we would bury him alive if he did not go to the
city, and contradict the statement the two had first made.
What a time we had with them. The boys were good blood,
I tell you. Although the one that we were about to bury
consented, the other was silent, and so brother Grant let them
off for the present ; and one of them has set it right with the
Gentiles, who now believe the story of the dead body was a
hoax, got up by the boys. I believe the boy that brother
Jeddy puc in the water, avoids having anything to say
about it"
When the reader reflects that it was but the merest chance
that brought this fact under my notice, and that a hundred
such incidente might, and probably did occur, unknown to
any ons, except to the perpetrators of them, he will be able
to form something of an estimate of the amount of crime com-
mitted by the Heads of the Church, and by their authority
Certainly there must be a day of reckoning for such as these.
Tbe Mormons recognize the right, and inculcate the duty of
14
314 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
the father to slay his daughter or her lover, as a last reson
to prevent her marriage with a " Gentile."
Many facts are within my knowledge, illustrative of thit
point. Several occurred of some note, the winter Colon e1.
Steptoe was at the valley with his regiment. One of his sol-
diers became attached to Amanda Tanner, a Mormon girl,
with whom I was well acquainted. Her father forbade their
meeting, and confined her to the house, until he supposed tht
attachment had been forgotten ; and she was left alone one
day, for a few hours, and the girl sent for her soldier, who came
of course. Unfortunately, the father returned sooner than
expected, and finding the Gentile there, took his sword and
charged upon the lover, before he knew the enraged father
was in the house. But fortune favored the soldier ; for Mr.
Tanner, in his haste, and in the act of striking, brought the
point of his sword against a beam, breaking it in several
pieces, and the Gentile escaped.
The father, still holding the handle of the shivered blade,
said to the trembling girl : Listen. When you are caught
in Gentile company again, you shall die ;" and she knew he
would do what he said, and she gave up the Gentile. The
soldier was prosecuted, and heavily fined.
The same winter one of Col. Steptoe's officers formed an
acquaintance with a daughter of John Taylor — Mary Ann.
She was a very interesting girl ; and the intimacy ripened
into a mutual attachment. Her father is one of the Twelve
Apostles, and a man of great influence in the Church ; and
was, at the time, living in New York, where he edited apapei
known as the " Mormon."
Punishment cf Heresy. 315
On account of her beauty, as well as the position of her
father, Mary Ann was much sought after, both by old grey-
headed Saints among the Heads of the Church, and by younger
aspirants for saintly and matrimonial honors. But the bud-
ding instincts of her young womanhood naturally revolted
against the dark future promised her by Mormon wifeism ;
and she preferred the Gentile. She succeeded in getting be-
fore Judge Kinney with her lover, and they were married.
This was a termination more fortunate than she could have
expected, had the father been at home. For when he heard
of it, he wrote to the Prophet, blaming him very severely for
not preventing the marriage by the sacrifice of her life. He
wrote that he should always feel dissatisfied because the blood •
of his daughter had not been shed to atone for the sin of
marrying out of the Church. She was afterwards cut off from
the Saints, and publicly traduced by Orson Hyde, who hau
been one of her admirers before.
This precious man, Hyde, whose number of wives was great
already, had urged the mother very strongly to force Mary
Ann to marry him, even against her own consent, which ex-
treme measure might have been resorted to, had Col. Steptoe's
military force not been at hand. When the regiment left
the valley, she accompanied her husband.
That the strictness as to the intermarriage with Gentiles
was a question of policy, and not one of principle, was shown
by the course pursued by the Prophet, in relation to the In-
dian chief, Walker. This chief was at the head of a powerful
tribe in the western part of the territory. Some cause of
quarrel had interrupted the good understanding before exist
316 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
ing between Walker and the " Mormon Chief," as the former
called Brigham Young ; and the Prophet, wishing to reesta-
blish friendly relations, and also to found a permanent in-
fluence favorable to the Saints within the tribe, attempted to
induce some of the Mormon women to marry Walker, as a
means of effecting that object. I heard the Prophet say one
day, to a young girl, that the Mormon woman that would vol-
teer to make that sacrifice for the Church, should have a
crown of Immortal Glory in the celestial kingdom. The
matter created great excitement among us at the time, and it
was expected that some of the girls were to be "coun-
selled " to accept this " mission," as none were found so reck-
less of peace and womanly " glory " in this world as to volun-
teer to hazard it for the prospective glory of the next. But
either on account of some misgivings on the part of the
Prophet as to the policy of forcing the acceptance of the dusky
warrior as a husband upon an unwilling maiden, or for some
other reason, the matter was delayed until the chief suddenly
died from some cause unknown. It was remarked, however, at
the time, that the Prophet was seldom at fault in knowing how
to accomplish his aims, and the death of the chief, whether by
natural or foul means, was followed by a new line of policy, i.e.
by the marriage of the Indian women by the Mormon men sent
to preach among them, and this has now become the settled
policy of the Church, pursued not only in that, but among all
the Indian tribes within the reach of Mormon influence. So
successfully has this policy been pursued that not many years
shall pass before all the Indian tribes west of the Rocky
Mountains, and probably all the others, between whose hunt-
PUNI6HMENT OF HERESY. 317
ing grounds and Utah, civilized migration has set up no bar-
rier, will acknowledge the Prophet's sway. And when that
day comes, the United States Government shall find in the
Prophet and his people a more formidable adversary than is
now dreamed of. Will the warning be heeded in time ?
After Walker's death, he. was succeeded in the government
of the tribe by his brother, Squash Head. I knew but little
of the character of this chief. He was looked upon as be-
ing not very sagacious, but at the same time, remarkably ob-
stinate. He soon fell under the censure of the Prophet, who
had taken offence at the obstacles Squash Head interposed
to the influence of the Mormon missionaries sent to his
tribe.
The Prophet intrigued to decoy the chief to the city, and
then upon some charge, either real or trumped up for the oc-
casion, had him arrested, and thrown into prison, where he
remained for a long time.
The chief was attended in his prison by a M Danite," by
whom he was regularly furnished with food. This attendant
represents that one morning he took his breakfast to him, and
left with it, thoughtlessly, a case knife ; and that when he re-
turned an hour after to remove the dishes, and the remains
of the breakfast, he found the chief dead. He had cut his
throat with a very dull case knife ! This was a version of
the story first circulated ; but it was very soon after this gene-
rally understood that the poor old Indian was murdered by the
Prophet's order, as his influence among his tribe was consid-
ered an obstacle to the spread of the faith among them ; and
for that reason, was held to be justifiable by the great body
318 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
of the Church. This circumstance was freely spoken of among
us at the time, and I never heard these facts questioned.
I deem this a fitting place to mention another circumstance,
which occurred while I was at the valley. I refer to the
massacre of Capt. Gunnison and his party, as was supposed
at the time by the Indians. I have heard the circumstances
of this atrocious murder discussed frequently at Great Salt
Lake, by the Heads of the Church, and by the Prophet, and
others. In all these cases, it was exultingly claimed by
them, and unquestioned in well informed circles among us,
that Capt. Gunnison and his party were murdered by the
" Danites," disguised as Indians, by, and with the knowledge,
and " counsel " of the Prophet. It was, however, believed by
some that the massacre was perpetrated by the Indians in
fact, but instigated by the Prophet — all parties agreeing in
this, that it was done for the good of the Church, which justi-
fied the act. My belief is, that the first theory is the true
one. I could state many facts going to prove this. The
generally received opinion in the Church upon that subject
should have some weight ; and I never heard any other opi-
nion expressed, until I came to the States, about one year
since. I was one day at my brother's house, where a small
company were assembled, when this subject came up ; and
Edmond Ellsworth said, among many other things, " I think
Uncle Sam will get sick of sending officers here, when we
serve a few more as we served Gunnison."
Ellsworth is a son-in-law of the Prophet, having married
for his first, and only wife, Elizabeth, the oldest daughter of
Brigham Young.
PtTNISHMENT OF HeBESY. 319
fhus, his statement should be entitled to the more weight
a* he was known to be familiar with the Prophet. There
was, in fact, no effort made at concealment, and it was freely
talked of among ourselves, although it was scrupulously kept
from the knowledge of the Gentiles, and from those Mor-
mons whose discretion or orthodoxy was doubtful.
320 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
CHAPTER XXX.
TOOELE.
One day, soon after the termination of my adventures with
Mr. Mac, when I was busily engaged in making arrangements
for my journey to Tooille, one of the wives of Jedadiah M.
Grant came to our house and urged me very hard to go home
with her. Although unwilling to spend the time, as I was
very anxious to escape from this city of abominations, I con-
sented, and when there, I found the Prophet, Orson Hyde, J.
M. Grant, and several women, pleasantly employed in the en-
joyment of a social party. As I went in, the Prophet said
very graciously : " Well, Nett, I am happy to see you. I
was thinking that when we met last, you felt the influence of
a bad spirit. Evil spirits make one feel discontented. The
spirits of the Gentiles that have died in our midst are always
about us, waiting for another tabernacle to enter."
" I trust you do not expect to assign to me the mission of
looking up ' tabernacles ' for them."
" I see, Mary Ettie is getting discouraged," said brothei
Jeddy Grant. " You must give her a blessing; and here is
one of my first and best wives, Rosetta, who is almost ready
to leave me, and run off with a Gentile. If you will blea>
Tooele. 321
them, I will write for you, and hereafter, when they get
the ' horribles,' they can find encouragement in reading
these and be consoled."
Brother Grant then took a pen and wrote the words of the
Prophet, who blessed us both, first one, and then the other.
The following is an exact copy of mine from the original still
in my possession. The Prophet rested his hands upon my
head as he pronounced it: .
" Sister Mary Ettie :
a 1 seal these blessings upon your head, that will be given
by me, or by my Heavenly Father through me. Treasure
them, as words of wisdom. Get wisdom and understanding.
Take no thought beforehand, what you shall do, for the Holy
Ghost will teach you ; and thou shalt be mighty in word and
in deed, shalt confound all that oppose you, and put the
tongue of slander to shame ; have a posterity that will hold thy
name in honorable remembrance through all their genera-
tions. Thou shalt be able to stop the mouths of lions, quench
the violence of fire, escape the edge of the sword ; shall have
wisdom to direct you at all times, shall live to see the ' wind-
ing up scene of this generation/ shall have a companion
suited to your condition, and inherit all the blessings of the
Redeemer's Kingdom, forever and ever. Amen."
I then gave place to Rosetta, who received one similar to
mine. She was a quiet, uncomplaining victim to a faith and
practice, to which she had submitted in an evil hour, without
fullv comprehending its hardships.
14*
322 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
Although no word had passed between us, and she
accepted the blessing with a becoming grace, I knew she
estimated it as I did, as but a mockery ; and yet there lingered
within the heart of both a recollection of the time, when the
Church to us was pure. When the Prophet Joseph administered
and wrought seeming miracles before astonished multitudes.
And for the moment the crimes of the present Heads of the
Church were forgotten, and the ancient enthusiasm and faith
which stirred our hearts in the earlier days and in the wilder-
ness, or when threatened by the menacing shouts of Gentile
mobs, returned to cheer us. But this enthusiasm was but mo-
mentary. We reasoned with our own hearts thus. Grant that
double wifeism is right, notwithstanding its practice involves,
as a necessity, the cruel sacrifice of all a woman holds most
dear ; yet crime — positive crime, is not, cannot be right.
What the Church clearly demands, the true believer should
doubtless concede ; but the commission of robbery, murder,
and treason to the government cannot be necessary to a pure
Church. Yet these men, now before us, on whose shoulders
the government of the Church has fallen, on one of whom
has descended the mantle of our Prophet Joseph, of blessed
and martyr memory, were guilty of all these, and worse, if
worse were possible. Was it wrong, then, to doubt these
men ? And yet, if the Church were ever genuine, is she not
*o still, albeit wanting purity ?
Floating thus among doubts and dear old remembrances,
was it strange that the gracious benediction thus received
should have been invested by us with some degree of sanctity,
or that for the moment we looked upon these men in their
Tooele. 323
self-exalted capacity of miiiistrants in Heavenly offices, and
sadly remembered afterwards, they were but broken vessels?
I trust those of my readers who regard Mor monism as a de-
lusion, and who have never been swayed by its enthusiasms,
or felt its fascinations — for it possessed originally both these
elements in an eminent degree — will not judge us too harshly.
Human nature is essentially the same, under similar circum-
stances ; and if many Christian people were to look closely
into their own hearts, possibly they would find their attach-
ment to orthodox and approved systems, resting upon no bet-
ter foundations than ours ; and many would find they were
Indebted, alone, to a more kindly interposition of Providence,
that they had been reared and were yet under the influence
of a better faith and a truer system ; and that they adhere to it,
for reasons little better than those which bind an honest Mor-
mon to his. I have deemed it proper to urge this modest claim
to the sympathy of the civilized world, not on my own account,
but in behalf of the many thousands of innocent persons in
Utah, who would forsake Mormonism, as I have done, if they
were once left unawed by the power of the Prophet, from
which there is no hope of escape, until the General Govern-
ment shall interfere, with a strong arm, for the protection of
civil rights in the territory. But it is more particularly in
behalf of the women of Utah, for whom I bespeak the active
sympathy of all Christian people. There are to-day from fif
teen to twenty thousand mothers and daughters within the
territory, suffering under a cruel enslavement within those
Mormon harems, who would make any sacrifice for freedom ;
vnd many a mother there who would deem the emancipation
324 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
of her children cheaply won, if secured at no greater cost than
that of her own poor life. Indeed, the only bond that holds
many to an unwilling existence there, is the mother's instinc-
tive love of her offspring. Will the mothers and daughters,
who owe all they have and are to the influence of the Bible,
disregard the cries of these suffering women coming from the
far off Mormon land, the agony of whose groans, if made audi
ble to the world, though but for a moment, would rend the
heart of Christendom ?
The next morning found me on the way to Tooele, This
beautiful valley, though no great distance west of the city as
the crow flies, is, by the wagon road, twenty-two miles. We
have before stated, that Salt Lake city was built on the east
bank of the River Jordan. Ten miles, or more, from the west
bank of the stream, and facing the city, rises abruptly to a
great height, a rugged and barren ridge, known as West
Mountain. With its base separated from the placid waters
of the gentle river, by a wide interval of grassy bottom, and
its summit whitened by snows that know no summer, this
range would have offered an insurmountable barrier to direct
travel west, had it not been suddenly terminated some miles
to the north by the waters of Great Salt Lake, on the brink
of whose briny shore it rises in an abrupt headlanl, as if,
when suddenly arrested there, it had gathered itself up to give
fitting expression to the bold protest it meant to frown for
ever from its frosty top against the unnatural intrusion of this
inland sheet of brine.
After crossing the " bottom,'' in a westerly direction to the
mountain, the road wound its difficult and narrow way
Tooele. 325
northerly to the lake, and thence, clinging to its base, cbse to
the water's rocky margin, it rounded the headland, and then
turning to the left, swept back to the south again, and soon
debouched into a smiling valley, on the other side of the
mountain. This is Tooele. My brother lived about one mile
from the lake, at E. T. city. This stake was named after Ezra
T. Benson, one of the " Twelve ;" where he (Benson) owned a
mill, and kept several of his wives. The land at the lower
part of the valley is not fertile, on account of the salt with
which the ground appears to be saturated; but farther up,
where this does not exist, it is said to be very productive,
and everyhere it is well adapted to grass. As well on account
of the soft and genial air of the mountains, which circulates
through the valley, bearing health to the inhabitants, as of the
simple beauty of the landscape and to its general productive-
ness, this is a most delightful region, and, uncursed by Mor-
monism, would be an earthly Paradise.
In rounding the headland we passed the mouth of an open
cave, extending deep into the mountain. Nearly opposite
E. T. city, the bosom of the lake is broken by a beautiful
island several miles in extent, remarkable for its spring of
sweet fresh water, although surrounded by the salt and bitter
waters of the lake. This delightful island is devoted to the
pasturage of cattle having the " Church brand " upon them.
The cattle of all who have consecrated their property to the
Church, bear this brand. The island is partly wooded, and
is a great resort for every species of wild bird. Brant and
other geese, ducks and sand-hill cranes crowd here, mingled
with other game, in uncounted swarms • and often the noise
326 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
of their calls, and flutterings, and wild screams, comes over
the waters of the glassy lake like the noisy murmur of an
excited multitude ; as if to invite the sportsmen of the world
to the slaughter.
I passed the fall here very pleasantly with my brother and
the society of Martha, his only wife. She had thus far suc-
cessfully fought spiritual wifeism from her door, and still ' pre
served her isolated household ; and until winter set in we lived
comparatively free from the usual disquietude of Mormon life
Colonel Steptoe had made Salt Lake City the headquarter*
of his regiment for the winter ; and it had already transpired
that he would allow such Mormon women as threw them-
selves upon his protection, to accompany him from the terri
tory in the Spring.
This state of things was creating great anxiety among
the male members and heads of the Church ; for there was
already a nutter among the inmates of the harems; and the
affair of Mary Ann Taylor, before referred to, proved they
had reason for serious apprehension. There were, in fact,
several other similar cases under advisement. Various
rumors of these things reached our quiet valley; but it had
aever occurred to me that I could avail myself of this oppor-
tunity to make my escape, until the idea was suggested by
an uncalled for severity on the part of the Prophet. He sent
Orson Hyde to the president of our stake, with an order to
keep me under the strictest watch, and on no account to
allow me to leave my brother's house without his permission
— which would not be granted until the Gentile soldiers left
in the Spring. It was but a short time after this, that my
Tooele. 327
brother was directed to keep me confined mostly to my room,
but to afford me, otherwise, every thing necessary to my
comfort. I deemed this a sort of violation of the tacit under-
standing between us ; and I resolved to meet it by an effort
to accomplish the very thing the Prophet wished to place
beyond a peradventure of happening. A circumstance soon
occurred which opened the way.
My brother's principal business at the valley was to look
after his farm ; but at this time he was engaged in selling
goods for Mr. Hockiday, a respectable Gentile merchant,
from one of the States. This man spent a part of the time
at the valley, and was a friend of Mr. Mac's. The latter had
given him an account of the manner he had been decoyed by
me, in the milking affair, and expressed the opinion, that I
had been prompted to it by a Mormon influence which I dare
aot resist, and wished him to inquire of me how it was.
Mr. Hockiday came to my brother's house one morning,
md after exchanging the usual salutations with Martha,
mquired for me. He had already learned that T was con-
fined to my room, and the reason why. Martha told him
where I was, but gave him no encouragement about seeing
me ; and, in fact, showed a disposition to evade the subject.
Seeing which, he replied : ■ Then I think I will step in and
see her a moment." And without giving Martha time for
reflection, came in, unattended, with an assurance that proved
he had an object in view. I was at first greatly astonished,
but I soon recognized in his straightforward manner of doing
Hiiiness, an honest purpose, and a wish to serve me.
*' How do you get on, Mrs. Sn.ith ?" said he, bluntly.
328 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
" Very well, I thank you."
I knew Martha had not consented to his coming in, and
although she was every way friendly to me, she still dreaded
to disobey the Prophet.
" I understand," said Mr. Hockiday, " that quite an event
has taken place in our Gentile community. That you, and
other important characters, haTTe been taking advantage of
my friend Mac, who is as gocd-hearted a man as was ever
victimized in this Mormon land. How is it V}
•* It is true," said I ; " but it was his own fault. He has no
cne to blame but himself."
" No doubt. But you fo> >w, Mrs. Smith, what an influence
women have always exerted over men. Since the world
began they have plied the vocation of Eve, with a success
beyond that of the first mother, and it is all natural and right
within its legitimate channel, and for proper objects ; but it is
a new thing under the sun, and an abomination, that this
weakness of our poor human nature, should be turned into
a source of profit to these Mormon pickpockets, through the
agency of an organized band of female decoys, trained by the
heads of the Church to do this business systematically. Is
not this so, Mrs. Smith? Are not these things done by
direction of the Prophet ? We understand you women do
them unwillingly, but with none the less effect on that
account. Your victims will, of course, pay heavily, rathei
than be exposed : nenoe these cases are seldom heard of,
But I can assure you that a knowledge of another class of
crimes cannot be suppressed. Murder will out, in time."
At this point, Martha, who had heard our conversation
Tooele. 329
came to the door, and said : " Mr. Hockiday, I think your
pony is loose." I suspected at once Martha had unloosed
his horse that she might give me a word of caution ; and so
it proved, for when he had gone out to look after the animal,
she said to me, with some degree of earnestness : " Nett, you
must avoid all conversation with that man. Doubtless every
word you say to him will go to Washington to be used
as evidence against us."
I made no reply, and she gave me a look of sad sympathy,
on leaving the room, just as Mr. Hockiday returned to it ;
who said as he came in, M I cannot understand how my pony
could get loose. But no matter, I must be off, I think."
Then lowering his voice, he added, " there will be a good
chance for those wishing to leave the territory in the spring,
with the family of Mr. McClure, a gentleman now boarding
with Judge Kinney, at Salt Lake. And then, giving me a
look full of intelligence, he added there are several women of
your acquaintance, who desire to go. They will be under the
protection of the military force of Col. Steptoe ; and every
thing will be safe and snug as could be wished. But I must
be on my way."
I made him no reply ; but my heart, now quite in a flutter
of hope, must have made itself understood ; for in taking his
leave, he repeated, over and over, certain nods, and expressive
wrnks of encouragement.
I went to bed that night with my head filled with floating
visions of this new project. Too much excited to fix upon
any feasible plan of operation, my mind sifted and rejected,
over and over again, every possible »nd impossible scheme,
330 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
which promised to crown the enterprise with success ; until
quite prostrated by the chafiug aud fretting of my caged and
overtaxed spirit, I fell asleep, and dreamed I had made thb
attempt, by climbing, on foot, the high ridge that separated
our valley from the Jordan ; and that when I had gained the
snowy top of the mountain, beyond the foot of which flowed
the gentle river ; and was about to commence the descent
to where I saw the army of Col. Steptoe in waiting for me,
the snows beneath my feet gave way : and riding upon an
avalanch, I slid down the mountain side, with a rush, and a
roar of thunder : and landed, as I dreamed, safely within the
Endowment rooms, in the presence of the Prophet, and the
Heads of the Church : who wrere assembled for the purpose
of celebrating the horrid rite, of offering human sacrifices, and
were only waiting for the victim ; which had now arrived, for
I was to be offered.
The wood upon a huge stone altar, in the centre of the
roofless room, crackled and burned with a fierce and merry
roar ; and the white robed-priests, with the Prophet at their
head, approached to lay me upon the altar, to be slain. And
when I saw the polished blade of the knife, gleam and flash
in the light of the fire of the altar, I woke with a scream
before it descended to do its work : and found myself in my
own room, cowering under the remembrance of the terrible
vision.
Does the spirit, disturbed by a high state of nervous excite-
ment, sometimes flutter beyond the range of our grosser facul-
ties, and make discoveries and investigations into truth ; and
ferret out hidden secrets, from which, under ordinary circum
Tooele. 331
stances, we are, by the very necessities of our fiail humanity
debarred ? I have no theory of my own upon this subject ;
out the remembrance of that night vision is still before me ;
and when the dark and bloody history of those mystic cere-
monies of the endowments are revealed and laid open to the
day, then will be realized, as I still believe, the original of
that dream, vague rumors of which are even now floating
upon the public mind, at Great Salt Lake, among those who
have never dreamed upon the subject.
332 Fifteen Tears among the Mormons
CHAPTER XXXI.
THE FLIGHT AND RECAPTURE.
For several day's I had serious misgivings as to the possi-
bility of success, should 1 attempt an escape. But after giv-
ing the subject a fair canvass, and weighing the chances, I
found the balance to be in favor of the undertaking ; and
when my mind was thus once settled, I was calm : and then,
bending the whole energies of my soul in that one direction,
I soon settled upon a plan of operation. A portion of the
house occupied by my brother, had been dedicated to the use
of public worship; and this part was in the end furthest
removed from the room in which I was confined.
The view from ray room, in the direction of the mountain,
was uninterrupted by dwellings, and the window opening that
way had never been fastened ; and thus it will be seen, that
to reach the mountain east of the valley, would be an easy
matter, if a time was chosen when the mass of the inhabi-
tants were not much abroad.
On the following Sunday morning, I said to Martha : " I do
iiot wish to attend the meeting of the Saints to-day. I am
not well, and would seek rest. I shall lock my door, in ordei
The Flight and Kecapture. 333
not to be disturbed ; and I wish you w:uld not call me to
dinner."
" Very well, Mary Ettie, you look sick. You shAll take youi
rest, my sister, if there is any rest for you. I will see that
no one disturbs you."
" If there is rest for me I hope to find it soon," I replied,
and returned to my room.
Fastening the door, I waited patiently the assembling of the
Sainte, which was to be in the afternoon : until then I must
remain quiet I had before this provided myself with a loaf
of bread and some matches from the pantry.
This was in the month of February ; and the hills, and the
ground in some places in the valley, were covered with snow.
I put on my brother's boots, and packed up my husband's
portrait with the bread and matches, and laid them aside
with an Indian blanket ; and thus prepared myself to sally
forth, upon the perilous adventure.
There was no one in sight, except some Indians with their
squaws, who were usually sauntering about the buildings, for
the purpose of begging. Some of these squaws came to
the window and asked for food, and I gave them some
bread. Then, disguised as one of them, with my Indian
blanket over my head, I removed the sash, and passed
through the window to the ground ; and asked them, by
signs which they appeared to comprehend, to accompany me.
We all set out for the mountains, with the Indian lope pecu-
liar to these tribes, in single file.
As we hastened on to gain a point of the mountain nearest
to us, which should, when once passed, protect us agaiuBt
334 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
observation from the settlement, my heart leaped with joj
under an inspiring sense of freedom, and the bracing infiu
ence of this unwonted exercise in the open air, yet disturbed
somewhat by the chilling fear, lest, by some mischance, my
escape should be discovered before reaching the mountains.
This once passed, I left my dusky friends, and plunged alone
nto the nearest canon, little comprehending, in my eager-
ness to evade my human foes, how great the pevil I was
braving among the wild beasts of the mountain. I wished
to secrete myself here until after dark, to evade pursuit.
Let the reader imagine a lofty and barren range, with its
top in the clouds, and covered with snow, having its side
split by a deep, narrow gorge, little wider in places than a
fissure, and at others, yawning deep and broad, and winding
apparently into the very heart of the mountain, and some-
times quite through it ; with the ragged jaws thus laid open,
partly covered with a light growth of timber or stunted
shrubs, the bottom drained by the fretting current of a
stream, tumbling from the melting snows above, so far down
among the rocks, as to be at some points beyond the reach
of the sun's rays, and he will have a faint picture of a canon
These celebrated canons are a peculiar feature in the scenerj
of Utah. They are the sources from whence the settler in
the valleys draws his supply of wood for fuel, and whence
flows the water necessary for irrigation and similar purposes.
But they are not untenanted. Here the terrible grizzly
bear, famed as the fiercest denizen of these wilds, makes hie
home with the wolf, the cougar or mountain lion, and manj
The Flight a.nd Kecapture. 336
other beasts of prey, scarcely less dangerous when pressed
by hunger.
It was up one of these wild passes I now made my diffi-
cult way ; but not liking the appearance of the one I had
entered, I passed over the sharp point of a hill, which sepa
rated it from one farther to the north. Gaining this witl
ease, I picked my way among the vast rocks, and in some
places, over the loose sand until it was quite dark. By thia
time, I had made a headwav of some two miles, as I judged,
up the dismal pass. Fatigued by an exercise to which I was
unaccustomed, and fearing the wild beasts, I built a fire close
by a huge rock, and on that side of it furthest from the
mouth of the canon. The night was closing in, cold and
chill ; but I found the cheerful blaze, which soon lit up the
broken rocks about me, very comfortable ; for when the
heat and excitement of my sharp walk had subsided, I felt
myself pinched and stiffened by the cold, almost to numbness.
I had not until then comprehended fully the hazard of my
undertaking. Though at first appalled by the wild scenery
suddenly revealed by the blazing fagots I had hastily collect-
ed ; with the thousand shapes, which I dared not scrutinize
too closely, for fear they would assume some real and living
form of danger, yet I preferred my present prospect of free-
dom, with all its hazard and discomfort, to the bare possibility
of returning to my Mormon prison.
When warmed and sufficiently rested, I began to cast about
for some plan for future operations. I had succeeded thus
far; but the next problem was to reach the city, which was a
long way round the mountain. My best chance of success
336 Fifteen \ears among the Mormons.
was mainly dependent upon the amount of headway I could
make the first night ; for if I could pass the narrow road
along the lake, which turned the headland, before daylight,
my prospects would be fair for reaching the city sometime
the following night.
I therefore decided to set out at once, and make the most
of the darkness. At all events, I dare not remain in th«
canon all night alone. I was fully refreshed, after having
eaten some bread, and warmed my stiffened limbs by the fire.
I waited sometime after nightfall, and then trusting to my dis-
guise, and a good fortune, which I felt ought not to desert
me at a time when I stood so much in need of its protection,
I retraced my steps down the canon, to find the road leading
to the city.
Though familiar with the locality of the road by daylight,
T found it a difficult thing to find it in the night ; and I was
obliged to return, until within sight of the buildings from
which T had fled before I was enabled to regain it. But I
succeeded at last, and then took up my line of march in good
spirits. I travelled on easily, and without mishap, until about
midnight, when I heard two men coming towards me, from
the direction I was going. I quickly hid myself in some sage
bushes by the road, and listened to their conversation.
I soon recognized the voice of my brother Howard, who
was accompanied by Mr. Maughn, the President of the stake.
He was speaking to the latter with a tone of sadness which
went to my heart. It appeared they had been in pursuit of
me, and were now returning quite disheartened.
" After all," said Howard, as if in continuation of the con-
The Flight and Recapture. 337
versation between them, "Monni)nism has not quite broken
the chords of nature, which bind me to my sister. Oh ! where
is she ? It is injustice that has driven her to seek refuge
among the wild beasts of the forest To think of her wander-
ing in this horrible place alone. She must certainly perish
with cold before morning, if she is not destroyed by beasts of
prey. I am almost frozen myself."
They had halted near me ; and Mr. Maughn, of whom heart-
lessness was characteristic, said :
" Brother Coray, there is no use of hunting further for her.
The courage that prompted the act will not desert her. She
has the advantage of me, for I am almost alarmed to be in
*uch a place. She cannot be far off, but it will be useless to
)ook for her."
M She has fortitude," said Howard, " and has been schooled
to danger her whole life. Mr. Maughn, we little know how
much the girl has suffered ; but I fear she has gone now."
In the few moments that I listened to this conversation, I
ran over the chances of success, and asked myself the question,
with the seriousness befitting one who discusses a point on
which hangs his life, if I should embrace the present oppor-
tunity to return to ray home, or hold on my way. I chose
the latter. When they were out of hearing again, I travelled
on cheerfully and hopeful.
It was not until about daylight that I discovered I had
missed my way, and thnt I was still not far from the settle-
ment. I was greatly disheartened by this discovery, and after
resting myself a short time, I found the right road, plain
15
338 Fifteen Yeaes among the Mormons.
enough by daylight, and with what heart I could muster, J
went on again.
I soon began to meet the goers and comers to and from the
settlement ; but I was so well disguised with my Indian blan-
ket that I was not recognized, although many were known to
me. But my long night's travel and want of rest began to
tell upon me ; and I found myself so much exhausted that I
was obliged to seek rest by the roadside. I was now in an
open prairie, with no cover near ; and it was with some alarm
that I saw two horsemen coming up the road towards me.
As they were evidently from the " stake," I felt certain they
would not pass without looking into my face, and if it should
turn out that one was my brother, nothing could prevent my
being recognized.
I rose from the ground before they saw me, and moved off
leisurely from the road to the right, hoping to put such a dis-
tance between them and myself, by the time they arrived op-
posite me, as to mislead them.
I was confident of my disguise as against the eyes of every
one except my brother ; but it proved that he was one of the
horsemen. They were already a little passed me, and I began
to breathe freely again, when Howard said to his companion,
George Bryant, " that is Ettie."
" Ettie," said Bryant, impatiently, " that is a squaw."
" At all events," replied Howard, " I must see, for I think
that is the walk of my sister."
Leaving brother Bryant, he came near me, and said,
with a tone that proved he was not fully certain he was
right •
The Flight and Recapture. 339
" Nett, you had better ride."
I turned round at once, and said, " Possibly I had, for I am
nearly tired to death — too tired to get up behind you."
By some effort, I succeeded in getting on to the horse with
his assistance ; and when we rode back to where Mr. Bryant
was waiting in the road, he said, " Well done for us."
" But not so well done for me," I replied.
" Oh, I think you will be satisfied in a few days, said he ;
that it is better even for you. We have had every man in
the settlement out looking all night, and they are still scour
ing the mountains for you.
"Did you take Smith's portrait with you?" said my
brother.
" Certainly."
"It is owing to the influence of that portrait that she can-
not forget the original," said Bryant. " Hand it to me,
Nett."
I told him I preferred to keep it ; but he insisted upon
having it. I looked to my brother for protection, but finding
no sign of sympathy for the portrait in him, I was forced
to yield, and I handed it to him with a presentiment that it
was lost to me. I asked him to return it.
Opening it, he said, M Well, he is good looking. I am not
uiprised at your efforts to get to him. I am sorry to injure
your feelings, Nett ; but you can never see this again."
1 Amounting, he dug a hole in the ground, with a long
knife he wore in :i icaobard at his side, and buried it — buried
all I had left of my husband.
Little was said between us, as we slowly leturned to the
340 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
settlement. It seemed that every desire of life was crushed
out of me.
A man soon overtook and passed us, by whom my brother
Bent word to the president of the stake that I had been found.
We saw, before reaching home, a large flag elevated upon a
pole, in honor of the " capture," and carried through the set-
tlement, and heard the firing of guns ; and when we arrived,
the streets of our little stake were full of men, women, and
children, and Indians, to see a conquered woman.
" This will be a lesson to her, as well as to other women,"
said the president of the stake, heartlessly, as we came to dis-
mount ; and he added, " May the spirit of the living God
hereafter direct you, Nett."
But I heard little more, and was indifferent to what I did
hear ; for, half famished and exhausted by excitement and
long travel, and exposure to cold and want of sleep, I was
carried into the house, and put into the possession of Martha.
[ recollect seeing her kind and gentle face, beaming upon
me with pity, as she received me with a tenderness peculiar
to her, and sent back the crowd from the door. Days of suf-
fering, of burning fever followed, of which I have but little
recollection, save that Martha was always near, and her sooth-
ing presence was the good angel which wooed me back half
reconciled to life again. She told me afterwaids that I had
spent much of the time in pleading with the Prophet, who I
imagined to be present, that he would not have my husband
buried alive — an idea traceable to the less of his portrait,
taken from me, and buried by Bryant.
I awoke one morning, as if from a long and troubled sleep,
The Flight and Eecapture. 341
and heard Martha in conversation with Howard ; and I soon
understood that I was the subject of it. I was free from pain,
and calm ; but it was some time before I was fully able to
call to mind the events connected with my attempted escape.
Martha was representing in a subdued and earnest man-
ner to Howard, how cruel it was to keep me imprisoned thus
torn my husband. She said, " If Nett is ever well again, she
shall be restored to her husband. Mormonism of late blights
whatever it touches, and is fast becoming past endurance.
Don't you think you men, who claim to be our saviours, run
some risk of being called to an account in the next world ?"
She said many other things which I do not recollect.
Howard listened thoughtfully to the strong good sense of
Martha's plea in my behalf; and evidently struggling against
the bonds of his implicit Mormon faith, said at length :
u Brother Brigham must be counselled as to Nett at once.
I cannot bear this state of things. It makes me wretched. I
wish she could be satisfied to make what sacrifices the Church
demands of her ; but if she cannot, we must try to lighten the
load for which her faith seems to be too weak."
As I slowly regained my usual health and tone of mind, it
became a question of serious concern with me, what effect my
lato adventure might have with the Prophet. I knew that,
on my brother's account, he would be disposed in a measure
to overlook my fault; and yet a due regard to dicipline
among the women would force him to hold me up as an
example.
While thus debating with myself what line of conduct to
pursue, the Prophet directed me to return to the city. I
342 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
obeyed him, and when we met, I explained frankly, why I had
attempted to escape ; and I judged it best to indicate to him,
that now I had no further wish that way. That I was dis-
posed to content myself with Mormonism as I found it; and
hoped he would impose upon me no serious burdens
again.
He received me graciously, and seemed to accept my pro-
fessions of reformation as if made in good faith. I felt, how-
ever I could not expect him to believe in me fully at first :
and he soon gave me reason to know he did not ; for after
this, I had frequent opportunities to leave the territory ; but
I positively declined them all ; fearing they came from Mor-
mons in disguise, although professedly of Gentile origin.
The event proved this was true : the hand of the Prophet was
at the bottom of it. He wished to test in this way, the sin-
cerity of my return to the true fold ; but he was not long in
coming to the conclusion, that I could really be trusted again.
I well knew that my only hope of a final success lay in such
a well dissembled contentment, as should in the end, regain his
confidence ; and I pursued this line of policy until it paved
the way for my success, at length, when I had nearly aban-
doned myself to despair.
THE OATH OF THE ENDOWMENT.
8EK 0H4P.I7.
Hope. 348
CHAPTER XXXII.
HOPE.
It was in the spring of 1855 that I returned to the city
from Tooille. My sister Lizzie had been married the previ-
ous year to Richard Cordon, an Englishman by birth and a
Mormon. He was a member of a military corps known at
the valley as the " Minute men." This is a body distinct
from that of the " Danites." The latter are set apart for
secret assassinations and such other acts as have no foundation
in right but the Prophet's will and order: white the former
is a well drilled corps of picked men, taking more the char-
acter of a militia, held in reserve for general defence. Both
however are equally subject to the Prophet's control ; and
their hands are perhaps equally stained with innocent blood.
The Danite band, however, being a smaller body of tried and
devoted adherents of the Prophet, who render an unques-
tioning obedience to his counsel, have, individually, committed
by far the greatest amount of crime.
The darkest annals of the world can scarcely furnish a more
terrible record, than would the simple biography of a few of
these Danite leaders. When that record is written, the names
344 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
of Porter Rockwell, Win. Hickman, Hiram Clawson, Cap-
tain James Brown, John and Wiley Norton, James Furguson,
Robert Burton, and others, whose names I do not recollect,
will be found linked with the most cruel and bloody acts,
that have ever disgraced humanity.
Rockwell was the leader of this band at Nauvoo; but
Wm. Hickman is now supposed to fill that post ; having won
this distinction, by his daring and success. It is said, that
his soul knows no pity ; and he fears no law but the Prophet's
will. It was this man who won for his band the title now
proudly borne by them ; viz., " Destroying Angels."
Some time in the following summer, my mother received a
letter from my third sister, Mrs. Phebe Knapp, still living in
Pennsylvania, near the old homestead.
The letter stated, that a piece of land, which for some *ea-
son my father did not sell when he moved from Pennsylva-
nia ; but which he had left in the possession of his relatives
there, was without a legal claimant. That this land until
recently, had been regarded of but little value ; but was now
supposed to contain valuable deposits of coal : and advised
her to return, for the purpose of securing it for herself and
children.
We paid but little attention to this at first, as we had never
known much about my father's affairs ; and had no knowledge
of this particular property. Moreover, we had no reason to
hope the Prophet would consent to our leaving the valley
But my brother-in-law. Richard Corden, went to him
with this information, which excited his curiosity so
much, that be sent for Howard, who was still at Tooille
Hope. 345
About this time, we obtained some account of the same thing
through Judge Reed who was from Bath, Steuben Co., N. Y
He was one of the Judges of the territory, and an acquain
tance of my mother's brother, Col. John R. Stephens of
Hornellsville, N. Y., from whom he had learned these facts.
My uncle had requested the Judge before he left the States, to
inform my mother, that it would be necessary for her to return
before she could regain possession of the property.
This information, coming from different sources, confirmed
the Prophet in the belief that there was something in it.
When Howard came to the city, brother Brigham laid
before him what he knew of the matter, and advised him to
attend to it at once ; " for," said he, " the time is near at
hand when the Gentiles and the Mormons will dissolve part-
nership, and then it will be too late."
He referred in the above words to the time, never lost sight
of by the true Mormon, when it is expected the Church will
throw off all allegiance to the General Government, and raise
the standard of a Mormon theocracy: when an appeal to
arms will be had, for the mastery in Utah.
Mother was at this time over sixty years of age, and not in
very good health. She refused to attempt the journey, unless
Lizzie and myself were both allowed to go with her : " for it
is n?t unlikely," said she, " that I shall die upon the plains,
and I do not wish to be alone. If the Prophet insists upon
it, I will go, and bring him the money for the property, if we
find any ; but I must take my children with me."
This appeared but reasonable. When Lizzie and myself
vera oonttllted, we both discouraged the enterprise. We
15*
34b* Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
professed an unwillingness to go, and attempted to convince
the Prophc*, that as to the property, it was a question of
great uncertainty whether there was any, and a still more
doubtful one, whether we should be able to obtain it. But as
we had expected, this only fixed more firmly in his mind
the determination, that we should make the attempt. He is
not easily baffled when upon a money scent. He had set his
mind upon it, and we submitted to the will of the " Prophet,"
and set about making preparations for the journey. I was
questioned very closely by different persons, as I well knew
by the Prophet's direction, with the secret intention of sound-
ing my state of feeling. But I was never off my guard. I
always regretted the necessity, and doubted the policy of the
enterprise ; I had become satisfied with the Church, and given
up my husband ; and I had no wish to leave Utah. So
long and tiresome a journey, over the plains and back again
had no attractions for me. I did not wish to undertake it,
and I consented only on my mother's account. Elizabeth
consented with the more cheerfulness, as her husband was to
accompany us. And thus it fell out, providentially, as I
nave since believed, that we were to leave by the open con-
sent of the Prophet, this Mormon prison : of course under a
promise to return. But we were going to a land where the
will of the Prophet was not the law. I was so much elated
with my prospects, that I trusted myself to speak upon the
subject only with the greatest caution, and always with a
sigh, and a long face.
Mother had a city ot, on which her house stood These
lots contain an acre and a quarter of land, one fourth of which
Hope. 34T
»hh had given tc mt>. She obtained the permission of
Brother Brigham to sell ber place, to defray the expenses of
her journey. I went to him to obtain his consent to sell
mine ; giving as a reason that we might need the money
before we returned. But to this he objected. He said tc
me, " leave your lot in the care of brother Judd, and I will
have him ornament it with trees and shrubs, and when you
return you shall find it a little paradise. If you need any-
thing for your journey, let me know when you are ready to
start, and I will furnish what you lack, to make you comfort-
able."
I therefore consented to this arrangement with apparent
cheerfulness, and thanked him for the interest he took in my
affairs. The following winter passed quickly enough ; for we
were employed in preparing for the journey, and in joyful
anticipation of it.
When the spring arrived we were nearly ready. It was
by this time generally known that we were about to leave ;
and our friends called to bid us adieu, and many of the poor
women, whose better instincts told them our sorrow at leaving
the society of the Saints was feigned, pressed our hands, and
with terra expressed the wish to go with us to the land where
the rights of woman were respected : and where the high and
the low, were alike governed by written laws, founded in
right ; and not dependent upon special revelations.
Could my countrywomen of the United States have listened
to the moans of these crushed and broken-hearted women,
could they be made to understand the hopeless despair that
weighed them down, a despair that sent a shudder even
34:8 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
through my frame, who had spent my life among, and had
suffered with them : could they hut for one moment mark the
effort to crush back into silence the rising sob, and stealthily
dry the tear, that nevertheless would flow, I am not sure, but
they would rise in a body, and if there was no other remedy
for these wrongs against the sex, they would march to their
relief. They would at least shame the authorities into the
right.
About the time we were to set out, a discussion arose In
certain quarters, which threatened to break up the expedition
altogether, or, at least to prevent my going with it, and
nothing but the firmness of my mother, and my assumed
indifference to the result, averted this disaster.
Robert Burton, the two Nortons, Mr. Judd, and others of
this class, mostly Danites, went to the Prophet to remonstrate
against my being permitted to leave the valley. They repre-
sented to him how hazardous it would be to allow one who
knew what I did of the secret history of the Church, ti p
among the Gentiles, and beyond a " restraining " influence.
I was at least liable to apostatize ; and there was no knowing
what I might be led to divulge. I took occasion to see the
Prophet when I heard of it, and to second their appeal with
such apparent good faith, that he said, laughingly : he thought
I could be trusted, and he wished to hear no more about it.
Some of the Danites became very much excited, and it
appeared to me with reason, for I thought of the case of pooi
Dr. Roberts, and Bowman, and many other similar ones, which
if known to the Government, must make it difficult for some
of these men to keep their necks safely between their heads
Hope. 349
and shoulders. Wiley Norton went so far as to say, that if
the Prophet allowed me to accompany my mother, our party
would not go far, that we should be followed to the mountains,
and if the worst came to worst, they would break up the
expedition. To this my mother replied firmly, that she was
willing to have the expedition broken up, and now was the
better time to do that; but if she went, both her children
should accompany her.
Nothing ever came under my notice during the fifteen years
of my f-journ among the Mormons, amounting as it has to the
best part of my life, which so well illustrates the absolute au-
thority of the Prophet as the discussion growing out of this
differ nee of opinion between him and his " Dankes." What
makes it a still stronger case is, that common sense and
right, estimating right by their standard, were clearly against
him ; and yet his simple dictum, without reason, was submit-
ted to by strong full-grown men.
He was evidently blinded by his overweening greed for
money, otherwise he would have seen that the mere prospect
of meeting my husband once more was a good reason why I
should wish to go anywhere to get away from Utah, and that
finding him would be a sufficient bar against returning to the
valley. But it is due to the sagacity of the Prophet that I
say, I had ample reason afterwards to believe, that my brother-
in-law, Richard Cordon, was privately charged with the duty
of preventing a meeting between myself and husband ; and
also to apply the antidote so familiar to a Danite, in case I
UiQald attempt to apostatize or make dangerois develop-
ments.
o"50 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
Everything was now ready except to procure our letter of
recommendation. The following is a true copy of mine, which
is still in my possession : —
{Copy.)
" Great Salt Lake City, May 25, 1856.
To ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN I
" This is to certify, Sister Mary Ettie V. Smith is a wor-
thy member in the Church of Jesus Christ, of Latter Day
Saints ; we therefore recommend* her to all good people where
God in his Providence may call her, or where her lot may be
cast.
(Signed) " Thomas A. Judd,
" Clerk"
My mother and sister had similar ones.
Going to the Land of my Birth 851
CHAJTER XXXni.
GOIVG TO THE LAND OF MY BIRTH.
At one cVock in the afternoon of May 26, 1856, our little
party left th^ iity to commence the long and tedious journey,
over mountains and plains, to the land of our fathers.
It occurred to us, as we looked back upon the city for the
last time, that it was a few months over ten years since we had
followed the Mormon hosts from Nauvoo, slowly and sullenly
moving towards the setting sun, in pursuit of an asylum from
Gentile mobs and persecutions ; and we were now fleeing
back to the ea9t to find a refuge against Mormon cruelty and
crime. What changes had come over us and over the Church
since that time !
There was the capital of an empire, which the Heads of the
Church had founded and reared within the short space of ten
years, and which they and their trusting followers believed to
be as firm and lasting as the snow-capped mountains by which
it was shut out from the Gentile world. A new empire grown
»o strong and confident as already to bid defiance to the Gen-
eral Government. Was it strange that, before we had shaken
the dust of the city from off our feet, we looked upon the ris-
ing capital of this daring and ambitious people, and felt the
352 Fifteen Yeaks among the Mormons.
oppression of a vague fear in view of the future of a sect
whose short past had been so remarkable? And that we
asked ourselves with some concern what wonders it might not
be expected to develop hereafter ? We encamped that night
at the foot of Little Mountain, a few miles northeast of the
city. The next morning we commenced the tiresome ascent
It was a slow and tedious journey of two days to the summit.
On the night of our first encampment at the foot of Little
Mountain, the weather had been warm as midsummer. Our
third encampment was made in the snows upon the mountain-
top. I had my feet and one of my fingers frozen in getting
supper that night. We had labored incessantly in making
the ascent with our ponies and light wagon. Before we reached
the snow line, we were obliged to unload the wagon, and
go up empty, and even this was effected with difficulty, as our
little ponies found the wagon alone a sufficient load. Then
to return with the ponies, and packing the luggage upon their
backs, and upon poles fastened to their sides, and trailing
behind, after the Indian fashion, to drag this up also. We
were thus scorched and blistered with the heat of the first
day, and half frozen the third.
The next morning, we commenced at an early hour the
descent, and cooked a late breakfast at the foot of the moun-
tain, in a warm and genial climate.
Perhaps nothing could better illustrate the character of the
country, and the usual incidents of travel in it, than an account
of this beginning of our journey, and its quick changes from
smiling valleys, green with rich pastures, to the lofty moun
tain-top, covered with snow.
Going to the Land of my Birth. 353
Our route for several days was among the mountains, and
lay, for the most part, through the narrow canons, which
form so wild a feature of the country. One of these, I recol-
lect, was remarkable for its wonderful combination of simple
beauty and imposing grandeur. For miles, perhaps, the pass
would be little more than wide enough for the free passage of
the team ; with a smooth and perpendicular wall of rock rising
on each side to an immense height, which would glisten far
above us in the rays of the sun, like polished marble. The inina
is lost in astonishment in attempting to account for the pecu-
liar formation of these passes, and is kept continually upon the
stretch of expectation while travelling through them; sur-
prised, at each turn of the crooked way, by some new wonder,
or some more imposing point of view. Perhaps when the
senses fairly ache with the effort to comprehend the rocky
labyrinth — when they are ready to droop with exhaustion, they
are relieved as the way opens suddenly, may be, upon a green
and narrow plat, where the clear, pure stream, which before
had fretted and lashed its bright waters into fury by throwing
itself madly against the rocks from side to side, now gently
sings a pleasing tale among bright flowers and grassy bor-
ders.
In the afternoon of the fifth day, we overtook a family by
the name of Hunley, who were leaving the Mormons to return
to a deserted home in Texas. We found them in camp, and
as our team was somewhat jaded, we concluded to join them.
As their history was a peculiar one, and serves to illustrate
monism, I will give it as I received it from them. Mr.
liwnley was a planter, living in Texas near Galveston, and had
354 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
married an educated and accomplished young widow, by whom
he received a large amount of property. She had at this time
one daughter. After becoming the mother of three other
children, Mrs. Hunley became a convert to Mormonism, under
the preaching of a missionary saint, at that time wandering
through Texas. She was endowed with an earnest and trust-
ing nature, joined to a strong tendency to enthusiasm ; and
at once felt it her duty to leave her family, her husband not
sympathizing with her, and accompany the missionary elder
to Great Salt Lake city. She therefore set out, upon the
spur of the moment, with her daughter, then about fourteen
years of age, leaving the other three children with the hus-
band, and arrived at the valley, strong in the faith that Brig-
ham Young was the only true prophet. She had adopted
Mormonism in good faith, purely from a high religious con-
viction ; but when once at the valley, she was not long in
making out the true state of things. She had no sympathy
with the gross and sensual. When the Prophet understood
how she had left a devoted husband, for the love she
bore the true faith, he insisted upon having her " sealed n
to one of the saints. When it was too late, she made
the terrible discovery that from the will of the Prophet
there was no appeal, and she was forced to submit. She,
however, found means to get word to her husband in Texas,
as to the state of things, and implored him to come for her.
Mr. Hunley, who never doubted his wife's integrity, regretting
only her error, flew at once to her succor. When he arrived,
Mrs. Hunley, who was after all a shrewd woman, contrived
some story by which she induced the Prophet to consent to
Going to the Land of my Birth. 355
her leaviDg the valley with her husband, under a strong
promise to return.
He pronounced a terrible curse, which he said should fol-
low her, in case she apostatized. She did not tell me what
the Pi ophet expected her to accomplish, but it was something
connected with her husband's property, as I suppose.
She had with her a young child, the fruit of her Mormon
marriage. Mr. Hunley was fond of his wife, and appeared
glad to regain her; but he would take no notice of the
child.
They left the valley, but a few days before us. There were
several other families at the valley who had joined the Mor-
mons from the neighborhood of Galveston, some of whom
were less successful in making a safe retreat. Some of these
families had been there several years, and were all very
wealthy. One of them named Grier owned near Galveston
large possessions in land, most of which he had sold, taking
the proceeds with him to the valley.
Old Mr. Grier had five sons if I recollect right, and one
daughter, and took all with him ; but dying on the plains, he
never saw the new Zion himself. His wife and six children,
l ed in tne valley in due time ; and on account of their
great wealth were graciously received by the Prophet. Ho
required first a tenth of all they had, which amounted to a
large sum, and the next spring required them to " consecrate "
the balance. To this they objected, and they were soon
involved in difficulty with the Heads of the Church, and
began openly to express a wish to return to Texas.
This was the signal for the faithful to pounce upon them.
356 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
Their great wealth made them a conspicuous mark. When
they went to drive up their cattle and mules, they found the
Church mark upon them : and thus they were lost, for that
consecrated them to sacred purposes ; and no one could ques-
tion that mark, or how it came there. They were harassed
in every possible manner, and finally they attempted to get
together what cattle and mules they had left, with the view of
leaving the valley ; but at night they were scattered again
by the " Danites." The more effort the five brothers made
to get away with their property, the less they had to take
away, and the chances of escape lessened, in the same propor-
tion. They had a great amount of money when they came,
which had been loaned to different members of the Church.
But wishing to collect it again, the Prophet absolved the
debtors from payment. Thus the more they resisted, the
more they became involved in difficulty.
The daughter had married a Mr. Johnson before leaving
Texas, who had joined his fortunes with that of the Griers, and
was now involved in their embarrassments. They had a large
store of goods at Salt Lake city, which they sold to a Mor-
mon at a great sacrifice, and were making great efforts to
leave the valley in company with Mr. Hunley. The Grbrs
found it impossible to do so ; for besides having their mules
and cattle scattered and spirited away whenever they attempt-
ed to collect them for the journey, they were involved in law-
suits, which threatened not only to absorb what property they
had left, but to detain them indefinitely.
Things were in this state when Hunley left the city ; and
Johnson, seeing the Griers were not likely to get away soon
Going to the Land of my Birth. co?
quietly arranged his affairs to accompany the former. Taking
only those things most needed, and the items of his large pro-
perty least likely to excite notice, and his wife, he set out, hop-
ing to overtake Hunley.
We all remained in camp the next day. As for us, we
were glad to give the ponies a rest, and at the same time, to
keep in the company of Hunley ; but we afterwards learned,
that his object was to give Johnson time to join him, about
whom he was very anxious. As Johnson's party did not come
qp with us, we went on the next morning.
Nothing of importance occurred to us during that day, and
we went into camp at night, without hearing from Johnson
The next day, sometime after noon, we arrived at Webber
river; and were greatly disappointed in finding it at full
banks, and impassable, except by means of rafts. My bro-
ther-in-law and Hunley, assisted by the two men the latter
had with him, at once set to work to construct one, by which
they hoped to cross.
Towards night we saw two women on horseback approach-
ing the camp, attended by an Indian boy. They looked
fatigued and disheartened, and their clothing was torn and
soiled. When they came up, they were at once recognized by
the Hunleys. One was Mrs. Johnson, and the other a Mrs. Dana.
The latter it appears had joined Mrs. Johnson's party, when
on the eve of quitting the city. Her husband was a Mormon
elder, then on a mission to England, and during his absence,
•he had made some new discoveries, which disgusted her with
the Church, and she attempted to make her escape with her
two children ; but she was forced by the Mormons to leave
358 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
them at the valley ; and she was now inconsolable at theii
loss. She was always crying while with us, and did nothing
but mourn for them. Hers was but one of the many sad and
cruel cases of injustice and wrong, that claimed our sympa-
thy on the way.
All were anxious to hear Mrs. Johnson's story — and she
gratified the company at once — it was as follows :
She said, " we had a terrible time in getting out of tho
city, and when once upon the way, we were dogged by the
" Danites," until we lost everything but two wagons, and the
horses and property belonging to them ; and a few spare
mules and ponies. They were bent upon killing Mr. Johnson,
and he thought it best to leave us, in order to avoid them,
and take another route over the mountains, hoping to meet U3
again at, or beyond Fort Bridger.
Accordingly, taking one of the mules, he set off alone, and
that is the last we have seen of him. But I am anxious to get
oh, to find him. After he had gone, the " Danites," made
another attack ; but not finding Mr. Johnson, they contented
themselves with using only threats, and then left us. They
evidently came with the intention of killing my husband ;
but luckily his absence saved him. We were greatly fright-
ened, and when they were out of sight, our men advised us to
get upon the ponies, and come on and try to overtake you with
the other families, known to be somewhere ahead. I told the
men I dare not attempt that, as I was unacquainted with the
way. Whereupon our Indian boy said he had been upon this
road many times before he was sold to the Mormons ; and he
recollected the way. We therefore started with my IndiaD
Going to the Land of my Bibth. 359
Blave as guide, who has led us by one of his Indian trails
unknown even to the " Danites," over the mountains and
through the bushes, and here we are with our dresses nearly
torn from our backs."
We all sympathized with the new comers, and after listen-
ng with interest to their story, and while the men were in
the meantime busily engaged in arranging the raft to cross
the river, we employed ourselves in rendering them what
assistance we could.
As for me, I was happy to interest myself in others*
woes, rather than my own. From what Wiley Norton had
said to us before leaving, we had expected the "Danites,"
would have followed us. But having escaped thus far, we
felt at ease, thinking that as they had so many others to pur-
sue, they had either overlooked us altogether, or had con-
cluded to obey the Prophet's " counsel," in relation to ub.
3t>0 Fifteen Tears among the Mojsmons.
CHAPTER XXXIV.
CROSSING THE WEBBER — PERILS BY THE WAY.
Before the raft was finished, a party of men with thres
wagons and several mules, appeared upon the other side of
the river, having in charge the U. S. mail going to great Salt
Lake city.
When every thing was ready, one of these men, named
Mitchel, swam a mule to our side, with some ropes, which
were tied to the raft ; and then returning, he drew it over,
loaded with Mr. Hunley's wagon, safely. He then returned
with the rope to our side, and the raft was drawn back, with
a part of the U. S. mail, which was also safely landed, and
our wagon, with all the property belonging to us except the
ponies, was taken back with it, in good order. The balance
of the mail was now placed upon the raft, and several men
with it, and it set out for another voyage to our shore. But
when in the middle of the stream the ropes broke, and the
raft, with its valuable freight, went rushing down the stream,
borne by the mad current at a bounding speed, and was
quickly out of sight. The men had the presence of mind to
throw what they could of the mail bags ashore, as the raft
Crossing the Webber — Perils by the Wat. 361
passed near the land at a sharp turn of the river just below us ;
and in this way, a part of them were saved ; but most of
the bags went down. The men saved themselves with diffi-
culty by swimming.
We had been in high spirits until now, as we had expected
to get over that night. All our provisions and bed-clothing
were on the other side of the river, while the men, women,
and children, of both parties, were on our side. Over twenty
persons in all, with nothing to eat, and many, with but little
to wear. One of the men from the other side, had put on
linen pantaloons for greater convenience in working about
the raft ; but when the night set in he felt terribly the want
of warm clothing. The day had been warm, but the cold
winds came down from the mountains in chilling blasts,
and we all suffered immensely ; but this man especially was
nearly frozen before morning.
The men gathered what fuel they could and built a fire,
about which we crowded to make ourselves as comfortable as
possible; but all wanted food. Finally, my brother-in-law,
Cordon, took a mule and swam the river, and returned with
some crackers and tea, and two bed-covers, which were shared
with the company. This was a but# a meagre supply, but it
was all we had.
It was a long weary night for most of the company ; but the
morning came at last, and then Mitchel swam his grey mule
over the river again, and brought back some bread and coffee,
and other articles in such abundance, that we all made a very
comfortable breakfast
Then the question arose how we were to make the passage
16
362 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
of the river. It was decided, after much discussion, that one
of the men should go over with the mule belonging to
Mitchel, which by this time had become quite the hero of
our party, and cork one of the wagon boxes, to be used as a
boat. This was accomplished with such success, that after
running it over and back, loaded with harness, and whatevei
loose property there was left, a call was made for volunteei
passengers, but none were willing to risk the frail bark.
Thinking it would be as well to drown in the attempt to
cross, as to remain with the prospect of starving, for we had
already devoured what had been brought over, I offered to
go for one, and Mrs. Hunley for another ; but no more of the
women dared to venture, and the boat, such as it was, was
pulled off by the men having hold of the rope on the
opposite side, and the next moment our fortunes were cast
upon the angry current.
We had with us one man, who baled incessantly to keep
the wagon box from sinking, and yet the water gained upon
him. We watched with untold interest, the water slowly
rising inside the box and the opposite shore which we were
approaching slowly.
The problem was a very simple one, and it was this*
whether our boat could reach the opposite shore sooner than
the water could reach the top of the box, and the chance*;
appeared to be evenly balanced for a time. We gained upon
the shore, and the man, encouraged by us, redoubled his
efforts ; but the water was gaining also ; and now the scene
became to us one of the most absorbing interest. The box
was nearly full, and the man looked up from his work as if
Grossing the Webber — Perils by the Way. 363
he thought we were really past hope. Then the men on
shore gave a strong pull at the rope, and for a moment we
flew towards the land, and the next, the box went under
But it was fortunately too near the shore to sink far, and we
held on the sides with the strong current rushing against us,
until the men pulled us to the land, with no further damage
than getting thoroughly wet. They had built a large fire,
around which blankets were hung, where we dried our cloth-
ing, and were soon comfortable again ; gratefully acknow-
ledging our narrow escape.
The wagon box was so much swelled, by this time, that it
leaked less and less, and Alice Hunley and my mother and
sister were next drawn over with safety, although the rude
boat was nearly full of water before it struck the shore. Then
Mrs. Johnson and Dana, with a Mrs. Coward, another fugitive
from Mormonism, who had arrived at the crossing since day-
light, were taken over.
The ponies and mules were after this turned into the river,
and it was a novel spectacle to see them with their heads just
out of water, moving faster down the stream than they did
across it, swim to our side. But they all came in at last,
though at some distance below.
When all were over, preparations were made to resume the
march — to encounter perhaps new dangers. Mrs. Johnson,
now that the perils of crossing an angry river were passed
without harm, became anxious again about her husband. He
had left word that she must not expect to meet him until the
party arrived at Fort Bridger ; but unable to brook the delay
of travelling so slow with the teams, she took the pony and
364 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
the Indian boy as guide, and providing herself with some
crackers and matches, a blanket, and rope to tie the horse, she
set out in search of him the next morning, though remon-
strated with by all the company. It was in vain they repre-
sented how dangerous the undertaking would be that it
was little short of madness she bravely galloped away to
find a husband on whose track, perhaps even now, the
" Danites " were prowling, anxious to shed his blood.
We heard nothing more from either of them until in the
afternoon of the following day, when we met Mr. Johnson
coming back to learn, if possible, what had been the fate of
bis party. He had seen nothing of his wife.
Successful in eluding the " Danites," he had arrived safely at
Fort Bridger ; but unable to restrain his anxiety, had returned
through a by-way to seek his wife, who had gone to seek
him by the regular road ; and they had thus missed each
other. But, sick and fatigued with long travel, watchfulness
and exposure among the mountains, he thought it best to
remain with the teams, believing Mrs. Johnson had gone on
to the fort, where he would be likely to find her. In fact he
was already too sick to ride on horseback.
He had not been with us long before a man was seen com-
ing down the road, who was soon recognized as Lewis Rob-
inson the keeper of the fort, which was occupied, I believe,
only by himself and family. Robinson was a Mormon, and
Mr. Johnson thought it singular that he should follow him
from the fort, for he had been allowed to depart from it in
peace that morning. He therefore secreted himself in one of
the wagons, hoping to escape his notice ; not knowing what
Crossing the Webbee — Peeil9 by the Wat. 365
he might want. It was not impossible but some of the
" Danites " had arrived at the fort since he had left it ; and if
so, he was certainly not very safe. It was with the greatest
anxiety that he listened as Robinson came up, for his first
inquiry, expecting it would be for him ; and then he imagined
his wife to be already in the hands of the " Danites." In fact
he nearly gave himself up as lost ; but he was at once relieved
when he found that Robinson not only asked no questions
about him, but in reply to the anxious inquiry of Mrs. Hunley,
informed her that Mrs. Johnson was at the fort, safe, and wait-
ing for her party to come up. Robinson was about to pass
without further delay; but as he came near our wagon
Richard Cordon said to him, in a tone that proved how
much his heart was in the ugly deed, " I say, Robinson, do
you know Johnson is in one of these wagons, and that our
boys are after him ?"
Robinson looked at Cordon, surprised at first, and after a
moment of hesitation his face wore an expression of contempt,
then laughing, he said : u Oh, I don't care ; I am not on that
mission to-day." And, as if as anxious to escape from us, as
we were to flee from the " Danites," he went his way.
Covered with chagrin and mortification, Cordon for some
time stood looking after the generous man, who had so nobly
scorned to do a mean action, and I took care not to lessen his
embarrassment by any very gentle notice of his cowardly aim.
From this time, I watched him closely, and had reason
afterwards to distrust him still more, as to myself.
The next day we arrived at Fort Bridger, where we found
Mrs. Johnson — and we all shared in the joy of her meeting
366 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
with the husband for whom she had shown such heroic devo«
tion. It was a scene of touching tenderness worthy the suc-
cess her unselfishness had won. She was too much occupied
with her new joy to gratify our numerous questions, but still
clinging to her husband as if fearful of losing him again.
She modestly stated, as if there was nothing remarkable in it,
that after leaving us, she had pursued her way with what
speed she could until dark, and then finding the ponies must
have rest, and that it was too dark to keep the road with ease,
she picketed the animals, and building a fire, remained in the
canon until morning, comforting herself with the reflection
that perhaps Mr. Johnson was not far off, and possibly he
might be attracted by the light of the fire before morning, and
come to her.
She said the wind blew cold as the snows that overhung the
canon from whence it came ; but daylight appeared at last,
and then she hastened on, and arrived at the fort, only to find
Mr. Johnson had returned to look for her.
Fort Bridger was to me an object of great interest, as I had
often heard the story, which associated with it the fortunes of
a man whose name it still bears, told by some of the men who
were actors in the wild adventures connected with his disap-
pearance. This interest was not lessened, perhaps, by the
mystery that still hangs over it ; for the real fate of the dar-
ing man who first built the fort is even yet unknown — like a
thousand others who have gone down before the fiat of the
relentless Prophet among the lonely passes of the mountains
of Utah.
This is not properly a fort, but several adobe buildings ar-
Crossing the Webber — Perils by the Way. 367
ranged for the purpose of defence. They were built, and long
occupied by a Mr. Bridger, a man of whose early history I have
never heard much. He had a family, and was well provided, it
is said, with retainers, and stores of arms, and ammunition, and
at length became powerful. He was not a Mormon ; but was,
at one time, on good terms with the Church. But in an evil
hour, he incurred the displeasure of the Prophet from some
cause not generally known. The matter created great excite-
ment at the time, and an expedition was long talked of to
bring him to terms. I recollect the matter well ; but nothing
more was said about it than necessary ; and this is the reason
why much of the transaction is still shrouded in the same
secrecy.
When the dispute came to the worst, an expedition was
fitted out from the city to take the fort, with orders to bring
back Bridger a prisoner. The city was in a high state of ex-
citement for several weeks, and in constant expection of the
arrival of the captive. I knew many of the men who were
members of this party ; and I heard James Ferguson, Hiram
Norton, and Wiley Norton, and Andrew Cunningham, and
many others, relate all they were at liberty to tell of it, after
they returned.
The party, with Andrew Cunningham in command, arrived
at the fort, and found Bridger gone. But his wife was there
living quietly as usual. She knew nothing of her husband.
Cunningham judged rightly, as it afterwards proved, tha
Bridger was concealed in the mountains not far off, and
that he must either return occasionally to the fort for food, or
that thote at the fort must communicate with him for thia
purpose.
Fifteen Years among tee Mormons.
He therefore withdrew his party, professedly with a view
of giving up the enterprise, and returning to the city ; but
afterwards came back with a number of his men, and sta-
tioned them in secure positions, from which strict watch
could be kept upon the movements at the fort. The measure
was well taken ; but Bridger was not easily decoyed, and it took
an experienced ranger of the mountains to mislead him, or to
conceal the signs of what was passing from his practised
eye. It proved therefore to be a long siege. Many weeks
passed, and no trace of Bridger was found ; but the faith of
the Mormon leader was strong, and he was content to abid6
his time — and he redoubled his watchfulness.
The wife was at last detected in holding communication
with the proscribed man, no sign of whose whereabouts had
before been discovered. It was a short work to make out his
hiding-place after that. What was his fate, or that of his
family, none but the few " Danites," who were engaged in that
" mission," can tell ; and for some reason, the same men who
had spoken freely to me of other crimes, were silent upon this
point. When asked what became of him, they did not know.
A large amount of property was taken from the fort to the
city,, among which were arms, and powder, and lead.
These circumstances made a deep impression upon my
mind at the time ; but with the great mass of the Church,
other and newer excitements took their place ; and now the
fate of Bridger is seldom mentioned. But there are those
in Utah who will still shudder at the mention of his fate ; and
though it would be unsafe to question thus anything " ordained n
of the Prophet, yet many of these still hope to see the time
Crossing tfe Webbek — Pekils by the Waf. 309
when the mystery, of which Fort Bridger now stands the dark
and frowning monument, shall be unsealed through an inves-
tigation by Governmental authority. Shall this day ever
come?
Not wishing to attract unnecessary notice, we made but a
8Jiort halt at the fort, but drove on several miles that night
before going into camp. This was the first time since leaving
Salt Lake we had felt anything like security. Our party had
now swelled to a large and promiscuous company of Gentile
merchants and adventurers, and Mormon fugitives; and if
the Danites had not already given up the pursuit of Johnson
or others of the party, we thought they would hardly think of
attacking us ; for if our numbers did not deter them, the pre-
sence of those having the United States mail would at least
have that tendency. From motives of policy, these carriers
had always been respected, as far as was then known.
A. few days of easy travel, undistinguished by any event of
importance, brought us to Green River, which we crossed
without difficulty by a convenient ferry.
At this point our Texas friends left us. They took the
Cherokee trail for home, and we knew nothing more of their
fate, but presumed they arrived safely at Galveston, a success
they had well deserved.
I regarded the escape of Mr. Johnson and his wife the most
remarkable of any that came under my notice while at the
valley. To attempt an escape when the Danites are in pur
huit is like disputing the decrees of fate.
I ft*
370 FiFfEEfl Years among the Mobmows.
CHAPTER XXXV.
CROSSING THE PLAINS.
Nearly the whole route from Great Salt Lake city thus
far had been associated in my mind with sad reminiscences
similar to that of Fort Bridger, most of which I have neces-
sarily neglected to mention. Several of these were connected
with the Green River Ferry, one of which, the case of Mrs.
Hartley, I have already referred to in a former chapter.
Another case now occurs to me, an account of which I re-
ceived from Richard Cordon, and others who were concerned
in it.
It would seem that some years before this, an American,
known as Big Bill, had erected a ferry at this point. What
his real name was, if I ever knew, I have now forgotten. The
Mormons had one here also, and from motives of interest
growing out of the ferry, or from other causes, they wished
Big Bill, who was a Gentile, to transfer his interest in the
place to them. Whether they could not agree upon the
terms, or whether Big Bill had offended the Heads of the
Church in some other way, I never knew. At all events, a
party was sent by the Prophet, under the command of Robert
Burton, to bring him in a prisoner. The pretence under which
Crossing ijk Plains. 371
he was to be arrested, I think, was in some way founded upon
a refusal to accept from the Prophet, who claimed jurisdic-
tion over the matter as the civil Governor of the territory,
a license to keep a ferry there. Big Bill not only denied the
jurisdiction, but claimed that the fee fixed by the Prophet was
unequal and exorbitant ; and that it discriminated to his dis-
advantage in favor of the other ferry.
He was a bold and daring man, of great size ; trained to
the free life of the plains, and young in years, though pro-
bably not aware of the kind of foes he had to deal with, and
still less accustomed to submit to oppression. Hence when
the Mormons came to arrest him, he positively refused tc
accompany them, but resisted the arrest.
Burton gave him no time for reflection, but ordered his
men to fire at once, and he fell mortally wounded upon his
own premises. Big Bill had evidently not anticipated things
were to be pushed to this extreme ; otherwise the Mormons
would have found him a dangerous foe, on account of his
great strength and experience in border warfare. Though
crippled by his wounds, and unable to rise, he was still alive,
and it was considered unsafe to approach too near the strug-
gling giant, and the men fired into his breast while he lay
upon the ground till he was dead. I have heard those who
shared in this cowardly act, describe it. One of them was
Richard Cordon. But why multiply cases of this kind
Human nature revolts even at the recital of them; and yet
every corner of Utah is stained by the innocent blood of these
victims.
When we were again upor the way, we found ourselves
372 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
nearly alone, accompanied only by a merchant from Weston,
Mo, named Gilbert, with a clerk in his employ, whose
name was Henry Blood. They were returning from the
valley, where they had been with a stock of goods. They
had a man to look after and pack the mules, and these three
men with Richard Cordon, now constituted the male force of
our party, with which we were to cross the Indian country
and that too when the savages were understood to be uncom-
monly hostile.
As I kept no memoranda of our journey home, I am
obliged to trust mostly to recollection for the principal events,
and I shall not attempt to be accurate as to time and dis-
tances, and indeed I do not propose to give a detailed account
of it ; but shall seize only upon the most notable events of
what remains to be told of this narrative ; already grown to
a bulk much beyond the original design.
We travelled many days with nothing unusual to break
the monotony of the journey, until we arrived at the South
Pass. After this the Indian signs were more numerous and
threatening. Several of the tribes were at war with each
other, as we soon learned, and they thus had but little time to
devote to emigrants ; but more than one party had been cut
off, as all were liable to be when unprotected. We travelled
;n constant "ear of them by day, and at night we built no fires,
not wishing to attract their attention.
Our load was very heavy for the small ponies over the
sandy roads, and through the day, all except mother walked
most of the time ; but during the long drives after dark, often
'tontinued deep into the night, to reach safe camping grounds
Crossing the Plains. 373
convenient to water and pasture, my sister Lizzie was obliged
to ride, in order to hush her child and keep it still ; for at
these hours stray Indian bands were likely to be prowling
along the trail to pick up defenceless parties like ours.
Mr. Gilbert one day rode up to us as we were seated upon
the ground, to rest the team and ourselves, and said, " Mrs.
Smith, I notice you do not ride much. Is your wagon heavily
loaded ?"
41 It is," said I, " and our ponies are light."
" Let me see," said he, " you had better ride one of my
ponies ; you shall do so in welcome if you think you can."
I was very much fatigued, and had answered him with
indifference until he said this. I then rose and said to him
with animation, " I shall be but too happy to try ; I have been
accustomed to ride Indian ponies all my life, and I would
just now dare to attempt anything to avoid travelling these
sand hills, and over these plains on foot."
The pony of which he spoke, was one he had bought of the
Snake Indians, and was one of the most vicious and restive of
its kind. Mr. Gilbert was leading it by a small cord beside
the one he was riding, and I went to the wagon and took a
Spanish saddle which Richard Cordon had there, and put it
upon its back. I was so intent upon the one idea of riding,
that it did not occur to me that the pony had no bridle on,
and no sooner was the girth of the saddle securely fastened,
than with an easy spring I took my seat in it, and the next
moment we were careering over the plains at the top of pony
speed. We were under motion, before the full state of the
case flashed across my mind. I yvas upon the back of a
614: Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
loose and half-tamed pony, upon the verge of a boundless
stretch of prairie and sand hills, with no bridle to guide or
control the animal.
This part of the country was often frequented by the Snakes,
the tribe from which the pony had been purchased, and pos-
sibly we were not far from one of their villages now ; and
if so and should the pony chance to remember it, which it
was very likely to do, it would not be long in taking me
there.
This was about the middle of the afternoon, and Blood had
gone forward with Gilbert's man, to look out a camping
ground for the night, and the pony took their trail. But
there was no certainty as to how long this would continue,
for the instincts and recollections of these animals are strong,
and my prospects were good for a swift ride to the nearest
Indian camp.
During the first mile my spirits rose fully equal to the oc-
casion. Holding easly to the pummel of the saddle, with my
hair, which the first bound of the pony had unloosed, stream-
ing wildly back, and my dress fluttering in the wind, I felt
the inspiration of an untrammeled ranger of the plains, and
for the first time since leaving the land of the " Saints," did
I appreciate the sweet joy of freedom lately won. But reflec-
tion soon succeeded. Looking back, I noticed we were
already nearly out of sight of the wagon ; while Gilbert was
a long way off in pursuit, but instead of gaining upon me he
was fast falling behind.
I took but little time to calculate the chances. Gathering
up my skirts to free them from the danger of entanglement,
Ceossing the Plains. 375
then waiting for a favorable show of sand on which to cast
ray fortune, I vaulted lightly from the saddle and went rolling
and spinning rough and tumble along the ground, until the
velocity I held in common with the pony was broken. I arose
unhurt, although somewhat disordered and soiled in dress.
When sufficiently collected to look about myself, I found
the pony standing near me, apparently much astonished at what
had happened. Mr. Gilbert soon came up, and by means of
a lasso secured it Waiting till the wagon arrived, Richard
gave me a bridle for the animal, and I then remounted, secure
in being able to guide it, and I had a delightful ride the re-
mainder of the afternoon in company with Mr. Gilbert. We
rode a long way in advance of the wagon, expecting each
moment to overtake the men who were seeking a camp-ground,
but at length the night closed in upon us, and we saw no
signs of them.
The sky now began to thicken overhead, and the mutter-
ing of distant thunder, with flashes of lightning from the
southwest, indicated rain. I had been so long unaccus-
tomed to riding on horseback, that I began to tire of the
unwonted luxury. With a headache that was every mo-
ment increasing, I was scarcely able to keep the saddle,
while Mr. Gilbert, who wished to get into camp before the
rain came on, urged the necessity of riding faster. This I was
unable to do, and I asked him to ride on to find the camp,
and leave me to sit down by the trail till the wagon came up.
But as he was generous and manly, he at first declined. He
said we were liable to stumble at any moment upon a band of
Indian?, and he could not think of leaving me, a woman, thus
376 Fifieen Years among the Mormons.
exposed upon the open prairie at night. But I insisted upon
his doing so, as I should be less liable to attract attention
thus, than with company ; anc. if anything happened, 1
would mount my ponv and fly, or hide in the grass as I
thought best. He therefore went on, but handed me his re-
volver before he left, saying ; " You had better take this, as
you may find occasion to use it.
When he rode away, my pony was inclined to follow ; and
instead of being at liberty to crouch quietly down by the
trail until the wagon overtook me, I now found myself en-
gaged in a fierce contest with the vicious animal to prevent it
from leaving me. I held him firmly by the bit, while, by
rearing upon his hind feet, and plunging from side to side, and
shaking its impudent little head, it was nearly successful in it.
Then, to make the matter worse, and almost desperate, it
commenced to rain. The thunder had slowly increased in
nearness, until now it bellowed directly overhead, and rolled
in wild volleys, rumbling and clattering away off upon the wide
prairies, and as if there met by an opposing wave of sound, it
was forced, with a deafening roar, back again, just in time to
meet other similar ones from the four quarters, to surge in
broken howlings, about the struggling pony and myself, as a
centre. But if the thunder was terrific, the quick succession
of light that flashed from the sky, and broke in jets of fire along
the plains, was appalling. Blinded one moment by the fierce
lightning, and the next, stunned by the thick darkness, and
deluged by the rain, awed and subdued by the crash and the
strife of the terrible forces that tore among the maddened ele-
ments, the pony and myself, as if impelled by a mutual svm
Crossing the Flains. 877
pathy, g&\e ovei our puny strife, and looked with astonish-
ment upon the sublime and awful drama.
The sagacious animal, with ears pointed and head erect, and
nostrils distended, with eyes that reflected back the fire from
the clouds, surveyed the storm from every point of the com-
pass ; and when satisfied, and after repeating a wild snort at
each fresh volley of the thunder, nestled close by ' my side,
with apparently no wish to leave me ; and as the uproar be
gan to subside, turned his face from the storm, and was quiet
again.
At length the storm passed away, leaving me thoroughly
drenched and chilled. I cannot tell how long I shivered be-
side the pony, waiting and listening for the wagon. It was
something after ten o'clock, that while looking carefully into
the darkness on every side, I discovered a single light a great
way off in the direction we were travelling. It was faint at
first, but soon increased i.i brightness, and gave me great un-
easiness; for as we were not in the habit of indulging our-
selves in the luxury of camp-fires at night, I was certain
this could not be the work of our party; and hence it
must be that of the Indians, who, I imagined, had discovered
and massacred Mr. Gilbert and his men, and had now built
this fire to decoy us to a similar fate. I was still revolving
in my mind the probabilities of the case, when the welcome
sound of wheels slowly trundling along the trail gave me new
hope; and soon after, Richard drove up, with my mother and
sister, and were saluted by the pony with a sudden snort,
which brought the party to a stand. I was not long in mak-
ing myself known, and found (hem as much alarmed about
378 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
the light as myself. We all came to the conclusion, after ex-
changing views upon the subject, that escape was impossible,
and that probably our trail had been dogged during the day
by the Indians with the design of cutting us off at night.
It was suggested to Richard that it would be as well to
know the worst state of the case at once ; and proposed he
should take the pony, and go as near the fire as possible, and
see what we had to expect. To this he consented, and when
he rode away into the darkness, we had but small hope of
seeing him again. " God help my child, if he does not come
back," said Lizzie, as she strained the sleeping infant to her
anxious breast.
I got into the wagon and held the reins, and we waited
with what patience we could for the result. We were at least
two miles from the light, and some time must necessarily
elapse before he could accomplish that distance and return.
We waited a long while, and heard nothing of him. I held
the lines in one hand, and the revolver in the other, deter-
mined, if we were molested, to make the most of what means
of defence we had at hand.
We grew every moment more anxious, and were about to
yield ourselves up to despair, when a slight noise was heard in
the grass near us. It was like the soft step of a moccasined
foot ; and we could well imagine it to be the stealthy tread
of an Indian. We were sensible that it came towards us, and
yet so intense was the darkness of the night, that we found it
impossible to recognize each other, and much less could we
make out the cause of our alarm.
We held a whispered consultation ; but were quite at a loss
Crossing the Plains. 379
to know what course to take. Lizzie said she knew it was an
Indian, and mother added, " We shall all lose our scalps, if
it is."
We all felt our case to be desperate. As for myself, I
thought this to be but a fitting termination of the extraordin
ary adventures of the day ; but the reflection of a moment,
convinced me there was no time to indulge in childish fears.
Giving the lines to Lizzie, I prepared myself for whatever
might come ; and getting the revolver ready, and in hand,
waited the result, with such calmness and self-possession as I
had in command. Mother said, in a low whisper, "Perhaps
it may be Richard."
" No," replied Lizzie, " it is an Indian, and you must be
certain and kill him the first fire, or we are lost."
" What good will it do ?" said my mother, whose strong
good sense never forsook her, even under excitement. " For
if there is one Indian, there may be twenty, and you cannot
expect to kill them all."
But I had made up my mind what to do. The object of
our alarm was now so near, that although I was unable to see
it, I judged it would not be difficult to send a ball through the
miscreant, as I could mark with certainty the direction ; and
drawing the revolver to a rest across my left hand, I was
about to pull upon it steadily, and, as I believed, calmly, with
the intention of firing, when the stillness of the night wa
broken by the gruff voice of Richard, saying, in a petulant
tone, " There, cuss the fools, I met them coming back to meet
us, before I reached the fire."
" Richard !" exclaimed Lizzie ind my mother at the same
breath
380 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
I lowered the muzzle of the revolver, and dizzy with the
leaction which followed the sudden relaxation of my over-
strained spirit, I said, choking with disgust and emotion :
" Richard, your folly had nearly cost you your life. Why
did you come up so still ?"
" How did I know but you were all dead, and the wagon
was in the possession of the Indians ?" said he, heartlessly.
The coward had evidently chosen to frighten us, rather than
take the precaution to investigate the state of the case, which
he could have done with safety to himself, and without harm
to us.
After overcoming in a measure the excitement, we began to
comprehend the cause of the fire, which Richard said had been
built by Gilbert's men, while the former was absent to picket
the horses in some fine grass he had discovered by a stream
not far from the camp. " They wished me to tell you," he
added, " they are very sorry for having frightened you ; and
they have made some coffee, and prepared a good supper,
which is now waiting for you."
We were not long in arriving at the camp ; and aftei
warming our chilled and stiffened limbs, and accepting cheer*
fully the apologies of the two men who had built the fire, we
had an excellent supper, which we all enjoyed with great
relish.
It was after midnight before the fire was put out, and we
were asleep. The day had been one of unusual adventure
and peril, but its close had left us pleased and satisfied, and
nothing short of a genuine alarm of Indians could have dis-
turbed oui heavy slumbers for the remainder of the night.
Crossing the Plains. 381
I have thus given in detail the events of this OLe day, not
civ because they were remarkable in themselves, but as I
hiive before intimated, because I do not propose to detain the
reader with a minute account of this journey ; and since it so
happened that many of the marked features of it were thus
crowded into a single day, this may perhaps serve as a gene-
ral index to our life upon the plains.
The next morning found us unharmed, and the march was
resumed with the more courage, as we were now nearing
Fort Laramie. Two days before arriving there, Mr. Gilbert
left us, as he wished to push on at a greater speed than was
within the power of our ponies to accomplish. "We were now
so near the fort that we had little to fear from the Indians,
and we parted from him with emotions of deepest gratitude,
for the protection the presence of his party had afforded
us.
I take pleasure in saying of Mr. Gilbert, that he ap-
peared to be a kindly and honorable gentleman, inclined to
noble and generous impulses.
After making two encampments alone, we arrived safely at
Laramie, where we found Lieutenant Foot, and several other
officers of the army, who with their wives had boarded with
my brother Howard at Fort Kearny several years before this ;
and we were received witb great kindness by them on that
account.
These ladies greatly commended us for leaving the Mor-
mons, and took it for granted we were not to return to the
valley. As for my mother and myself, we had but little to
382 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
say upon the subject. We were yet too far from the borders
of civilization to feel ourselves safe ; and moreover we had
learned to distrust Richard too much to confide to him oui
real intentions, and we were still in his hands.
Among Kindred. 383
CHAPTER XXXVI
We had been at Laramie I think two days, when an
express came in from Fort Kearny, asking for a few soldiers ;
and giving the information that several emigrant trains had
been cut off, between that and Laramie; and that the Indians
were out upon the trail in force. This was very discourag-
ing news for us. The army officers advised Richard by no
means to attempt to make the journey alone, but to wait, and
join if he could some party going to Kearny, sufficiently
strong to afford us protection.
Notwithstanding we had expected some delay from this
state of things, it soon transpired that a company of Govern-
ment wagons employed in drawing corn from Kearny to
Laramie, was to return to the former place the next after-
noon.
A party of U. S. soldiers was to leave also for the same
place the next morning, in answer to the summons by express
but these last would move too fast for us, and we were recora
mended to join the wagons, as that partv was sufficiently
strong to ensure our safety.
384 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
The wagon master was a grey-headed old man from Wes-
ton. Mo., with whom the officers kindly used their influence in
our behalf, which proved to be of great service to us after-
wards. His name was Samuel Foster, and he rendered us all
the assistance needed.
This party, which we joined next morning, moved but
slowly, and we were thus enabled to camp by them at night.
until so near fort Kearny as to be past danger from the
Indians. After this, we made our way alone, without further
accident or delay, and had the great good fortune to arrive at
Perry, Pike county, Illinois, about the middle of August, 1856,
having made the journey from great Salt Lake city within the
space of three months. Here we met, after a separation of
years, mv oldest sister, Mrs. Deuzenburv, with a joy those
who have followed us thus far can well imagine. My mother,
now well spent in years, and broken in health, and above all,
bowed to the dust with the sad conviction that Mormomsm,
for which she had sacrificed so much, was not only an error,
and a cruel delusion, but a wicked fraud : she — my mother,
now stood where fifteen years before she had made this sacri-
fice in good faith, and where she had buried my father ; and
wept such bitter tears as should have silenced the voice of cen-
sure : howbeit, when once in the midst of these tears and
unavailing regrets for the wrong she had done her children
a soft voice which she had heard that day for the first time'
for many years, whispered in her quick ear, doubly quick
to words of blame, "How could you, nay mother, have taken
the family to such a" But the sentence was stayed, and
my mother's tears ceased to flow, as she said with a sirango
Among Kindred. 385
mingling or enthusiasm for the faith as she first received it,
and mortification at its prostitution since — " My child, but for
Mjrmonisra, I should not be able now to hear your question, or
feel the pain of your censure. You do not remember that a
Mormon elder, through the divine authority conferred upon
him by the Prophet Joseph, restored my lost hearing. A an
though I now sadly mourn the perversion of our noble faith
to unworthy purposes by the present Heads of the Church,
am I to be blamed, that I still remember the time when it was
pure ; or that I accepted at the hands of the great Prophet
Joseph, the evidence of his exalted mission, confirmed by a
miracle wrought upon my own person ?"
We spent two months at my sister's, in the full enjoyment
of a reunion with our kindred, and in the free exercise of our
natural rights in a Christian land ; a boon to which we had
been strangers for the last fifteen years.
It would be difficult to convey anything like a clear notion
of our experience during these two months. Everything waH
new, not only in the manners and customs, and dress of the
people, but in all their aims and ideas. I was particularly
struck with the remarkable fact, that they were in the enjoy-
ment of the absolute right of acting and thinking indepen-
ently ; and governed by established laws ; it was not easy to freo
myself from the oppressive habit of squaring my conduct and
wishes to comply with the Prophet's " counsel." But as yet
I had heard nothing from ray husband. This was now the
only corroding care of my life. I supposed him to be in Cali
'ornia, but had heard nothing from him for the last two
7ears. The Prophet told me before I left; Salt Lake citv
11
386 Fifteen Yeaes among the Mormons.
that I must never think of seeing him again : and now Richard
Cordon watched me with untiring care, evidently with a view
to prevent my holding correspondence with him. I managed,
however, to get other members of my family to write, and
used every precaution not to arouse Richard's suspicions as
to my aims.
About the last of October we left Illinois for Hornellsville,
Steuben county, N. Y., where we arrived in safety. Here we
found a large number of my father's connections, as well as
those of my mother, by whom we were well received.
Remaining here until February of the following winter, I
heard from my husband, with a joy, compared to which all
other joys are but nothing. He was alive ; I could wait pati-
ently while he was unharmed. He sent me assurances of his
love, and said soon, very soon, he would be with me.
When Richard knew what information I had received from
my husband, he was at first furious, and said : " You shall
never see him" But he had forgotten he was not in a Mor-
mon land, where no law but the will of the Prophet is recog-
nized ; and very quickly afterwards he saw the necessity of
greater caution in speech while I was surrounded by the
friends of my family. He at once assumed a different line of
conduct. Treating me with the greatest attention, he wished
to '.nduce me to go back to Illinois, where he hoped to keep
me under his control ; and if I could not be induced to
return to Utah, I have no doubt as to what he designed my
fate should be.
Feeling myself unsafe while near him, it was arranged
that he should go on to Illinois with his wife, wrere I was t«
Among Kindred. 387
foljow with my mother at a specified time. But when
he was gone, I took care to put myself beyond his reach ; and
since then my whereabouts has been a subject of some specu
lation and uncertainty as far as he was concerned.
When my new-found connections heard my story, they
insisted that its publication was due the world ; and I have,
by their advice, and under a high sense of duty, made written
and verbal statements to a friend who has prepared the forego-
ing narrative.
When Richard Cordon heard of my intention to publish
an account of my Mormon experience, he returned at once to
Steuben county to find me, and being unable to do so, was
very much exasperated.
In conversation with one of my uncles, George Stephens,
he said : " If Mary Ettie attempts to expose us (the Mor-
mons), she shall rue it. It will be a dear job for her. Her
blood shall flow."
About two months after this, some excitement was created
within the circle of my immediate friends by the appearance
of a rough looking stranger among them, who, upon various
pretences, wished to find me. He was described, by those who
saw him, as every inch a villain in appearance; and was so
persevering in his search, that measures were about to be
taken for his arrest when he disappeared.
I think my readers will not fail to sympathize with me
when they are informed, in these closing lines of my story,
that as yet, I have not seen my husband. That although I
am in daily and hourly expectation of his coming, I wait as
one whose hope is well nigh exhausted. The Prophet, Brig-
388 Fifteen Years among the Mormons.
Lam Young, said I should never see him, and the Danite to
whose care I have been intrusted in this land of the Gentiles,
has said the same. Will they kill him ? September was the
latest point of time beyond which he would allow any earthly
consideration to detain him, as he has written me ; and this is
the first of October, and he comes not yet.
CHAPTER XXXVII.
CONTINUATION OF THE NAKRATIVE.
The "closing lines" of the foregoing Narrative, went to presa
about the middle of October, 1857, by which the sad story
of Mrs. Smith and her mother was brought down to that
date. Since then, events of the highest importance to them
have transpired. With a view of giving completeness to
these personal histories, as well as to furnish full and satisfac*
tory answers to the numerous inquiries from various quarters
of the country, it is deemed proper and advisable to add the
following new facts.
Early in the fall of 1857, Mrs. Smith went to Old Forge,
Luzern County, Pennsylvania, to the residence of her sister,
Mrs. Phebe Knapp, near the place of her birth. The life of
the mother was slowly ebbing away ; and it was fitting she
should seek a tomb beside the crystal waters of the noisy
Lackawanna, where much of her early life had been passed.
Before leaving Hornellsville, Mrs. Coray had been bleeding
violently at the lungs: and although she rallied somewhat
at first, under the bracing influence of the pure air of the
mountains, and the kindly attentions and sympathy of her
kindred, yet it was soon evident that her race *as nearly run.
339
COO Continuation of the Narrative.
She went to Pennsylvania still strong in her Mormon
faith : and still believing in the " Prophet Joseph." The
state of mind indicated in the " concluding chapter " (page
385) was yet applicable. But toward spring, as the signs
of an immediate dissolution thickened about her, that con*
fidence in the "Prophet" slowly gave way; and as the
memories of childhood, which the sight of former associa-
tions recalled, rushed back upon her, with their thousand
gentle and touching recollections, there came with them the
image of the Cross, and her childhood's hope of salvation
through Christ; and when the summons finally came, she
received it with joy, and died a Christian. The seed that
had " fallen among thorns," had at length struggled into the
light ; and at the last moment bore fruit abundantly. By
her own request the "Endowment robes" were laid aside,
and she received a Christian burial by the side of her an-
cestors, at the hands of the Christian associates of hex
youth.
But during all this time, Mrs. Smith, in addition to the
anxieties incident to the care of her mother, was watching
and waiting the return of the husband, for whose safety she
entertained so many fears.
With repeated assurances of his safety and his good faith,
month after month rolled away, and still he came not. Then
followed cruel rumors which she was unable to reconcile
with his known character. Time, and this continued sus-
pense began to tell fearfully upon her health. But she had
yet to meet other forms of Mormon intrigue for which she
found herself but ill prepared.
About the last of April, while watching by the sick-bed
Continuation of the Narrative. 391
of her mother, she received a letter purporting to be from
her nephew, Warren Duzenbury ; who lived at Perry, Pike
Co., 111. Although, upon further examination, the letter was
found to bear the unmistakable marks of Mormon influence,
if not of Mormon origin, yet at the time, it was received by
her as genuine. The letter stated with apparent frankness
that the writer had seen a man then living near him, but
lately returned from California, who knew her husband,
Reuben P. Smith, and that he knew Mr. Smith had married
into a family of wealth and position in Oregon, and was then
living with his new wife in California. This was too much.
Absence from her husband, while hope of his return yet re-
mained to her, she could bear. But the idea that Reuben
P. Smith could desert her, was a new horror, so completely
overwhelming, that it cut off even the wish to fathom the
mystery involved in the web of contradictions among which
she found herself entangled.
She who had successfully baffled the intrigues of the
"Prophet," and had risen superior to danger, and fatigue,
and suffering, during the fifteen long years of her sad Mor-
mon experience ; now sunk without resistance before a fact —
if fact it was — that rendered her life simply worthless. Her
strong will, which had borne itself so heroically through so
many difficulties, for the first time faltered ; and her physi-
cal energy, wanting this support, faltered with rt. Obstructed
circulation intervened, and the delicate machinery of the
heart refused to do its office. Danger of a permanent dis-
ease of the heart was imminent, and a fatal termination was
only averted bj copious bleeding and oth^r timely treat
ment, skillfully administered by the attending physician
392 Continuation of the Narrative.
(Dr. Henry A. Dorr, of Pittston, Pa.) When immediata
danger was thus averted, it occurred to her that possibly thia
story of the infidelity of her husband was a Mormon inven-
tion. She then took measures, by availing herself of the
assistance of her brother-in-law, Burier Griffin, then in Cali-
fornia, to solve the problem at once. It was better to know
the truth, whatever it might be. Nothing could be more
fatal to her than continued uncertainty. But, as will be
seen by Mr. Smith's statement, while Mr. Griffin was thus
making his investigations in California, and before he had
found Mr. Smith, the latter, by a rare good fortune, happened
to receive one of the many letters his wife had written him,
which had the effect to render the assistance of Mr. Griffin
unnecessary.
The reader will understand, that up to this time, most of
their letters sent through the mails had been mysteriously
diverted from the channel intended and indicated by the di-
rection; but that both had received, at various times, let-
ters, which as has since been ascertained, misrepresented
both ; with the apparent intention of keeping them apart.
In a state of mind which it is impossible for those fully to
appreciate who are not well versed in the mysteries of
Mormonism, Mrs. Smith was still waiting, with but small
hope, the return of her husband ; yet having confidence in
his good faith. Whatever else had happened or might hap-
pen, she still clung to a belief in that honest manliness which
at one and the same time had won her to himself, and had
been instrumental in bringing her to doubt the " Prophet *
and Mormonism. Time wore on, and with it wore away the
life of the mother.
Continuation of the Narrative. 398
One evening Mrs. Smith sat by the mother's bedside, and
watched her slow and troubled breathing with unusual
anxiety. The physician had just told her what she might
expect within the next three days. The journey of the
mother's eventful life was about to end. It was the 14th of
August, 1858. A calm twilight had followed a quiet sunset.
The hush and silence which hung upon the creeping shadows
were relieved only by the impatient murmur of the river near
by — the bright and fretful Lackawanna, which " uttered its
voice" from its rocky bed that night, with all its wonted
earnestness.
Who shall fathom those two human hearts ? The crushed
and nearly broken spirit of the silent watcher by the bed
of death — and the dying mother. The world had deal!
harshly enough with both, but with one it had nearly lost
\U hold.
There is something infinitely touching in the going down
to the grave, slowly, and sedately, and alone, of a well bal-
anced mind and a strong will; with its full load of errors —
crippled by age, and disappointment, and that stern necessi-
ty which knows no relenting — if haply the fall be brokeu
by the Rock of Ages. It resolves the enigma of life, and the
mystery of death — submission — faith 1 "Christ receive us.w
But who shall analyze the emotions of Mrs. Smith ! Why
does she yet tarry ? Why does the mother go alone ? Had
they not suffered, and explored, and believed, and doubted,
and apostatized, together ? And now, had they not come
back together to the faith of their ancestors ? Hid not she
too finished her work ? When strong men of the world,
who were governed merely by the questionable maxim* of
17*
394 Continuation op the Narrative.
political prudence, had wanted the courage to say frankly to
their fellow men what they knew of the abominations of
Mormoni&m, had she not spoken openly the truth, and trusted
the issue to God?
What, though the public authorities may be misled for
the time by officious Mormons in disguise ; and what though
injudicious " Proclamations,'7 and " Peace Commissions,"
may compromise the national dignity by unworthy negotia-
tions with outlaws ; and by making terms with crime ; shall
not the future public sense avenge the outrage ?
Truth has nothing to fear from the future. It is only the
truckling importunity of the hour — at once audacious and
time-serving — that is liable to overpower it. That " Book of
Martyrs " is defective which records only the deaths of the
sufferers for truth's sake. It is the living and unscrupulous
present that can roast most cruelly, while it spares with
ostentatious show ; and pursues absolutely without mercy for
the attainment of momentary ends ; with entire indifference
as to what possible opinion posterity may entertain as to it.
Were these her thoughts? Perhaps. Whatever they may
have been, they were interrupted, when it was near dark, by
a knock at the door. Then followed the inquiry by a manly
voice: "Does Mrs. Smith, lately from Utah, live here?"
That voice could not be mistaken. She had last heard it in
Mormon land, more than five long, long years ago; and she
hai not forgotten it. After looking for several moments at
the stranger standing in the open door, where he was partly
obscured by the darkness, she said : " Oh, Smith ! Reuben ! P
Mrs. Knapp, who had heard the knock and was about to
answer the summons at the door, was nearly paralyzed when
Continuation ob the Narrative. 395
she heard this exclamation from her sister ; for she felt she
was about to realize the fear which had of late oppressed
her, viz., that Mary Ettie would in the end go mad, if her
husband should not return. She therefore said to her:
" Ettie, come with me. You need sleep. You have watched
with mother so long, you are worn out That is not your
husband."
But it did not matter Two true, human souls, long sepa-
rated by Mormon intrigue, were now face to face. Who
shall understand the mute investigation which their brief
communion vouchsafed them ? It had been represented to
each that the other had married again; and now both
silently questioned of the past. But good faith needs not
the intervention of words to make itself understood. The
stranger faltered, but not long, for he saw how it was ; and
as Mrs. Knapp essayed to lead her sister away, he said, in a
tone of voice wanting somewhat the firmness it possessed at
first : " She is right. I am Smith. She is my wife !"
We leave the reader to imagine the scene, and the expla-
nations which followed. Although the mother was already
too far gone to speak with ease, she gave Mr. Smith a smile
of recognition, as she felt his band and heard his voice ; and
afterwards she was able to say, " I always told Mary Ettie you
would come." These were her last words. She lingered,
however, for three days longer, and died on the 17th.
Her funeral was attended by a large concourse of her
sympathizing friends and old neighbors, as well as by many
strangers who had heard her story, from the Wyoming and
Lackawanna valleys and the surrounding hills; and, as waa
very fitting, the religitus services were conducts! by Kl.ler
396 Continuation op the Narrative.
Mott, the Baptist minister at Hyde Park, Luzem county, Pa ,
who had known Mrs. Coray and her husband when they
were young, which he stated from the pulpit; he also said,
he had kept track of the family most of the time since.
The little that yet remains to be told, in order to a full
understanding of the foregoing, will be found in the state-
ment of Reuben P. Smith, annexed.
Dansville, N. Y., Sept. 30, 1858.
Statement of Reuben P. Smith, in continuation of the ac-
count given of him by his wife, Mary Ettie V. Smith ;
from page 242 of her Narrative, entitled "Fifteen Years
among the Mormons? etc., made at Danville, JY. Y.
August 28, 1858.
STATEMENT.
I propose to give a brief account of my personal adven-
tures since my separation from my wife, so far as it is con.
nected with her Narrative, and particularly so far as it may
serve to illustrate and expose Mormonism; but before doing
this, T deem it proper to give some account of my birth and
parentage.
I was born near West Union, Adams county, Ohio. My
grandfather, Reuben Smith, had three sons: Joseph, Joel
and John B. The last-named was my father. My ancle.
Joel is now living on Brush Creek, near my birth-place ; and
Joseph at Selina, 111. My father moved to Stringtown, Iowa,
where he died in 1847. My mother was Elizabeth Chap-
man, and a sister of Joseph Chapman ; the latter somewhat
celebrated as a politician and stump orator at the West. He
Continuation of the Narrative. 397
v* as an old-school Democrat, and edited and published a
paper entitled the " Koon Skinner," at Indianapolis. He was
better known there as " Crowing Chapman." He com-
manled a company of volunteeis in the Mexican war, and
died on his way back.
Since my return from California, I have examined carefully
the foregoing Narrative of my wife, Mary Ettie V. Smith ;
and as far as I have been able to discover, it is correct ; with
the unimportant exception, that she appears to have con-
founded my object in going to California, mentioned on page
240, with that mentioned on page 242. It was at the latter
time that I went on my own business. At the time first
mentioned, I was in the employ of Major Hollman, Indian
Agent of the Territory. I accompanied him to Humboldt
River and Carson Valley, where he went to distribute the
goods due the different Indian tribes in that vicinity. We
were gone about three months ; and before our return to
Great Salt Lake, we crossed the Sierra Nevada into Califor-
nia, to sell some extra horses the major had on hand. Our
party was composed of young men, Mormons and Gentiles
picked up for the occasion at Great Sali Lake. The Indian
interpreter on this expedition was a Canadian Frenchman,
named Papa, between whom and myself there soon grew up
a strong friendship. Papa was an old mountaineer, one of
that celebrated class of rangers who knew the mountains and
the plains, and loved them immensely. He wore under his
greasy hunting shirt a brave and true heart, and was influ-
enced only by honest purposes. He had conceived a fttroog
dislike to the Mormons, and wa* always seeking some way to
thwart their aims.
398 Continuation of the Narrative.
He once said, in his rough and droll way, that he would
give twenty years of his life, for the privilege of playing for
as many minutes upon' Brigham Young's house with a can-
non, if he only knew his precious "Twelve Apostles" were
with him. When he found how I was situated, he volun-
teered to get my wife away. He said, if I would go on to
California, he would bring her to me within the year, which
I have no doubt he would have done, had he lived. His
family were with his father-in-law, at Devil's Gate, on the
Sweetwater, near the South Pass. He left us at Salt Lake,
to go home; but we soon heard of his death, and I could
never learn the cause of it. His imprudence in speech had
probably brought him under the notice of the Mormon
authorities.
It was in the fall of 1852 that Major Hollman's party
returned to the city. The major, immediately after this,
went on to Fort Bridger, to look after something connected
with his official duties ; and having been delayed unavoida-
bly, he was overtaken by the snows, and was obliged to pass
the winter there.
He had left his horses and mules in my charge, and in
order to procure good grass, T took them to Utah, forty miles
south of the city. I left a man to look after them, and re-
turned to Salt Lake City; and soon after, two of the mules
were stolen.
The mules were missed about the time of the passage of
the Mormon train from the city to San Bernardino, in charge,
I think, of Charles C. Rich and Amasy Lyman, by whom I
s'*ve always believed they were taken. I advertised for
them in the " Deserel News," but the only thing that ever
Continuation of the Narrattoj. 399
came of it was, the kntwing laugh it occasioned amcng the
Mormons. This was one of the many things that opened
my eyes to the real state of things in Utah, and more fully
determined me to leave the Territory.
As will be seen by the beginning of chap. 23 of the fore-
going Narrative, I had made arrangements to go to Cali-
fornia with Mr. Mac. He could not delay ; and although
Major Hollman had not returned, I went on to Bear River
leaving the horses in the care of John Hammer, a Mormon,*
expecting Mac would join me there, and bring my wife. But
it appears that after I had left the city, some horses, and
other mules were stolen, and when Major Hollman returned,
late in the spring, he was told by the Mormons that I had
taken them.
The major, after some trouble, found them all, except the
two mules first mentioned, in the possession of Mormons,
who claimed they had bought them of me before I left, which
I afterwards heard Major Hollman at first believed, but I
am well satisfied he finally understood how it was, for he
afterwards came to California, and passed within two miles
of where he knew I was stopping ; and although he spoke 01
me, and expressed a wish to see me, he said nothing that in-
dicated a loss of confidence. Had I been informed of his
being there at the time, I should have taken all pains to
have met him ; and I know I could have shown him that the
hand of Mormonism was at the bottom of it. Indeed, I havo
since learned by my wife and others, that the mystery of the
• This Hammer is the brot ler-in-law of John Norton, tho " Dan-
tte ;" whether he is himself a " Danite " I never knew. As to Nor-
ton, see Chap. xriv. tad xxv of this NWratiw.
400 Continuation of the Nareative.
disappearance of Major Hollman's stock, was a standing joke
among the Mormons at the city for a long time afterward.
He is now in the States, as I understand, and I should be
glad to have this statement meet his eye. My relations
with him in Utah were of the most pleasant and agreeable
character.
It was the middle of April, 1853, that I left great Salt
Lake City for the last time. I had some young cattle which
I wished to take with me, and I joined my drove with one of
about the same size, owned by Charles Hunt, and we travel-
led in company for mutual protection. We were ako accom-
panied by Captain Mott and his family, who were going to
Carson Valley. This Captain Mott is the man mentioned on
page 55 of the foregoing Narrative. He had brought the
bell there mentioned, with his own team all the way from
Nauvoo, and when it was delivered safe and sound at Salt
Lake, the Prophet, contrary to Mott's reasonable expecta-
tions, refused to pay for this important service. Mott there-
upon grew dissatisfied, and sold a claim which he had on the
American Fork, about ten miles north of Provo, and pre-
pared to leave, thinking, that if he went to the Mornun
settlement at Carson Valley, his design possibly might not
be understood. But the Heads of the Church were not de-
ceived, and when we had arrived at Willow Creek, sixty
miles from the city, he was taken back, upon the pretence
that the title to the claim which he had sold was defective.
After he had shown this to be untrue, he was permitted to
rejoin his family ; but he was again arrested when we had
proceeded fifteen miles further, upon the pretence that his
tithing had not been paid.
Continuation of the Narrative. 401
We went on to Bear River, where we all encamped, to
await the result as to his case, as well as to watch for the
coming of my wife, where Mac had agreed to bring her. We
were now eighty miles from the Mormon capital. It was
uncertain how long we might be detained, or what the real
intentions of the Church toward us were.
After a few days, however, Captain Mott came to us again,
accompanied by some Gentile emigrants, by whom I learned
that my wife had been detected in her efforts to escape, and
that she was to be detained.
I saw how useless it would be to remain longer for her,
and our train then moved on for California. I had not yet
heard of the death of Papa, and I entertained the hope that
he would be able to carry out his proposed plan of her res-
cue. When I afterwards heard that he was dead, I felt that
there was but small hope of her escape, at least not through
the agency of any power outside the " Church." There were
several Mormons at the city who pretended to be my friends,
and through whose good offices I still hoped to regain my
wife.
Our train advanced without further interference or delay,
and we commenced our slow journey over the plains and
sandy deserts, to Humboldt River, where we arrived in the
fore part of June, without other accident than the loss of ton
or twelve head of cattle, stolen as we supposed by the In-
dians, under cover of a stampede. How it was in our case
we were unable to determine ; but many, a^d perhaps most
of these depredations upon the property of emigrants while
crossing from Utah to California, as also those in the moun-
tains, are the works of Mormons disguised as Indians.
402 Continuation op the Narrative.
The Mormons, as a people, have been greatly distinguished
for enterprise, and for a rapid growth in wealth. Success
undoubtedly has a tendency, with many of us, to cover a
" multitude of sins ;" but perhaps it has not occurred to those
who profess to find in this apparent success of Mormonism,
as a social and political system, evidence of industry and fru-
gality, and as a consequence, a proof of that high state of
social virtue and moral rectitude, which right aims (how-
ever much misguided), will often secure ; to ask the ques-
tion, how a people could become so rich in so short a time
who produce so little of any article capable of a profitable ex-
change with the rest of mankind. The overflowing coffers
of the "Prophet" are unquestionably more or less indebted
to the liberal contributions of converts from foreign coun-
tries ; but making a fair allowance for this " source of reve-
nue," we are still unable to - account for the unparalleled
wealth of the " Church."
The " Church store " at Great Salt Lake city is always
full, and the " Church brand " is borne by innumerable cat-
tle, and the amount of public buildings, and roads, and
bridges, and the work and money already expended upon
the temple, is almost without a precedent in the his-
tory, of human enterprise. It must be recollected that
while all these public enterprises have been in successful
execution, every member of the Church has had his own
houses and barns to build, and his own farm to bring under
cultivation, and when these things have been hastily put in
order, he has been obliged to take his turn in filling a foreign
mission, and hence, few of them can be producers at home.
The conclusion is unavoidable, that, from the verj nature
Continuation of the Narrative. 403
of the facts of the case, and from the known character and
aims of the people, there must be some important source of
revenue, other than that which appears upon the surface of
things *n Utah. The Mormons are enterprising — fiercely
and unrelentingly so — but theirs is not the energy of an
honest purpose ; nor are they producers, but appropriators
of whatever comes in their way. " The earth is the Lord's,
and the " Saints are to possess the earth." This is the key
to Mormonism. What they cannot do by force, they will
effect by fraud and cunning.
The " Prophet n has interdicted the working in the gold
mines in California by his people ; but the discovery of gold
'■here, has been the saving clause with the " Church " in
Utah. When everything else failed, there was one resource
left. There were the California emigrants to rob and plun-
der ; and they have been mercilessly robbed and plundered :
and latterly, more than at first, it has been deemed safest to
cut off all chance of detection, by killing the people they
have robbed.
A full record of these robberies, often accompanied as
they have been by assassination, would be perfectly appalling.
It would be the darkest of those yet unwritten chapters of
the secret history of the " Church in the wilderness." No-
thing else, among the annals of the " West," can bear to it
the shadow of a comparison. Age, sex, helplessness — the
appeal for mercy — simple mercy from the defenceless ; no-
thing— nothing could stay the hand that would sooner " for-
get its cunning," than disobey this pretended "Prophet of
God."
U it possible that Mr. Buchanan comprehended the char-
404 Continuation op the Narrative.
acter of the men between whom and the halte: he has in-
terposed his official protection ? If he did, God nelp him.
We left Captain Mott at Carson Valley, and after recruit-
ing our cattle for several weeks upon the rich grasses which
abound in that vicinity, we crossed the Sierra Nevada into
California, and arrived without material accident at Cosum-
nes, Sacramento county, where I sold my stock, and re-
mained for eight months in the employ of Solomon Mizer.
After this I worked in the mines at Spanish Camp, four
months, and then went to Sacramento City, where I re-
mained six months ; when my brother, William J. Smith,
came to me from Iowa, and we went to Live Oak City, and
bought a mining claim together, which we worked tho-
roughly for three months, at a dead loss ; for owing to the
peculiarity of the soil, it failed to pay.
We then bought a farm on Cache Creek, which we worked
with better success for two years, and were making money,
when we were dispossessed by an order of the court in favor
of other parties, claiming under a Spanish title. We then
went to Suisun Valley, where we bought a rancho, and
remained until July 19th, 1858, when I left California for
the east.
During all this time, the one great aim of my life, to which
all others were subordinate, was the rescue of Mary Ettie
from her Mormon imprisonment.
While at Cosumnes, I met Riley Judd, as I supposed at
the time accidentally, who was just from Salt Lake, and he
told me my wife had made an attempt to escape, by disguis-
ing herself in men's clothing, but had failed. He professed
to be friendly to us, and I sent her thirty dollars >j him, ten
Continuation of the Narrative. 405
of which he kept, telling Ettie it had been stolen from him. I
soon after received a letter from my wife, acknowledging the
letter, and part of the money sent by Judd, but telling me
to send no more money after that, as the Mormons would
manage to get it from her. I received after this one or two
letters, but finally I failed to get anything through the mails
that I recognized as being from her hand, but I had no diffi-
culty in keeping up a correspondence with others at Salt
Lake City, who had taken an interest in us. I frequently
received letters from Wiley Norton, but his statements were
so contradictory, and unaccountable, that they only served
to increase my embarrassment.
Through these channels, the only ones now open to me, I
was soon informed that Mary Ettie now regretted her mar-
riage, and that it would be easy enough for her to get to me
if she wished. In fact, that she had repudiated me, and was
already seeking another husband.
At this time, and during my stay in California, it so hap-
pened, either by accident or design, that the Mormons
always kept track of my whereabouts. Whenever I changed
my place of residence, which I often did quietly to avoid
them, some one from Salt Lake would soon appear at my
new locality, though before unknown there, and inquire me
out, on the score of old acquaintance, always professing the
greatest friendship for me, and giving some new account ol
Mary Ettie having a tendency to estrange us.
Some time in September, 1856, 1 received a letter from my
wife, and, at the Rame time, from others of her family, giving
me the information that she had effected an escape from
Utah, and was then at Perry, Pike county, 111. The letter
406 Continuation of the Narrative.
involved several contradictions, and the account it gave of
her escape was not satisfactory. This, with the conflicting
accounts before received from Utah, suggested the idea of
looking further into the facts before deciding what to do. J
therefore wrote to my brother, H. C. Smith, at Stringtown,
Iowa, and awaited his answer. But soon after this I re-
ceived another letter from her, saying, in a veiy few and
hard words, that she had married a man by the name of
Thompson. There were other things in the letter; but
this was all I read. This was enough — too much.
I happened to be in Sacramento City the following winter
(185*7), and there met a Mormon with whom I had had a
passing acquaintance in Utah, from whence he had just ar-
rived. He said he was on his way to China as a missionary.
Among other things, he told me — apparently without having
any interest in the matter — that Mary Ettie had lately been
married to a man named Thompson. He said he was wel]
acquainted with her new husband.
Some time in the following spring, I received another let
ter, purporting to be from a Mr. Watkins, of Illinois, giving
me the same pleasant information. I knew no such man ; *
* It is now known that at this time Alien Cunningham was with
Richard Cordon, and that the " stranger" from California (believed
to be a Mormon), referred to by Warren Duzenbury in his letter to
Mary Ettie (who was represented as saying, " I know R. P. Smith,
and know he has married again "), was also, at this time, at Perry,
Pike Co., 111., and was living in the same house with Cordon.
The character of Cunningham will be understood by referring to
pages 235 and 367 of the foregoing Narrative.
The fact that these three rogues were together, leaves but little
doubt as to their " mission," and still less doubt as to who wrote this
Watkins letter.
Continuation of the Narrative. 407
but the singular agreement of his statement with the infor-
mation before received, as to the one important fact, viz.,
that Mary Ettie had been faithless, and was now lost to me,
seemed to cut off all inducement for further investigation.
The statement over her own signature appeared to be con-
clusive. It did not occur to me at the time, that possibly
the letters bearing her name were forgeries ; and it was long
afterward, and under a more fortunate state of things, that
Mary Ettie herself pointed out to me the fact, that the letter
of Watkins, and the one bearing her own signature, had
evidently been written by one and the same hand, and that
neither were written by her.
Things were in this position until January, 1858, wheD
my brother wrote me that he had made what investigation
he could, but that he found himself embarrassed in coming
to a determination as to the merits of the case, but that he
was satisfied that one of two things was true, " Mary Ettie,"
he said, " is either the best or the most questionable of wo-
men."
He had not seen her, but she had not married again.
This letter was followed by another from him, under date of
June 12th, 1858, saying frankly and emphatically that h«
was now satisfied, that for reasons which were as yet not
clear to him, interested parties were seeking to keep Mary
Ettie and myself apart ; but that he believed her every way
deserving ; that if he had such a wife, no earthly power
should keep him from her.
1 had before this determined to seek her out, and solve
the mystery for myself, as soon as my business could be ar-
lunged ; and yet I felt I had but 6mall foundation for hope.
408 Continuation of the Narrative.
from all I knew of Mary Ettie, I believed her incapable of
deception. She was frank to a fault. Had she not told me
over her own signature that she had married again ? And
yet I wished to see and hear from her own mouth what ex-
planation was possible ; not so much that I yet clung to the
hope that she was not altogether lost to me, as that she
should, if she could, vindicate her sex : for I am free to ac-
knowledge, that had I found her at last wanting in good
faith, I should not have looked for that virtue elsewhere.
But while in a state of mind wanting equally the determina-
tion to go, or to refrain from going, I received a letter which
I at once recognized as being from under her own hand. It
had about it the odor of other days, and at once determined
me what to do. The letter reached me Saturday, July 17th
1858, and Monday, the 19th, two days after, I left Suisun
Valley, California, on my way to find her.
It is often easier to do, than to decide what to do. The
journey from San Francisco to New York, by the Isthmus,
was accomplished in due time without accident, and on the
14th of August, 1858, 1 arrived at Old Forge, Luzern Co.
Pa., where, as before narrated, I found Mary Ettie.
CHAPTER XXXVIII.
RISE, PROGRESS, AND PRESENT CONDITION OF MORMONISM.
"There is no God but God," — might have been said
for humanity, — being true: but when the great impostor
added, " and Mohammed is His Prophet," he disclosed the
self-seeker, in the shrewdest way, certainly, but he had
taken the divinity out of his rallying-cry. Henceforth, he
was the pretender, and his success became a question of
arms, and of worldliness.
This element, — the yoking of a great truth to an absurd
untruth, — has entered into all the successful delusions since
that time: and it is not to the discredit of religion, that its
indulgent mantle has been invoked to cover or mystify and
give sanctity to the worst causes and the basest men.
" The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints," is
an enunciation of this sort.
It is a sadly interesting study, — this history of the
world's delusion, — religious delusions, and the peoples, and
the times, and other conditions necessary to the success
of them.
If this subject were fully investigated, it would be devel-
oped, tliat important delusions have never, perhaps, been
^400)
410 Rise, Progress, and Present
the out growth of any one mind; but, that the times and
places of these exceptional commotions have been charac-
terized by some peculiar want, or error, or extreme, among
the people.
Forty-five years ago, a singular tendency had developed
itself, in the State of New York, and perhaps in the neigh-
boring States, in the direction of extreme opinions, touching
religious beliefs ; — " Bible doctrines," as it was the fashion
to say, — with a certain finality of sanctified bitterness, from
which no Christian sect was exempt, or excused.
The meeting-houses grew into religious debating clubs,
and the newspapers of that section " took sides," and society
was divided and tortured by conflicting uncertainties ; and
children were reared, — not under the kindly influences of
" faith, hope, and charity," but under the hard and bitter
dictums of a sect, — in which the " doctrines " were noisily
paraded, as a threatening bulwark against all other Chris-
tian bodies ; and salvation was clearly " on our side."
The religious confusion of this period was heightened by
the advent upon the field of battle of Universalism.
Out of these tumults, — out of the depths,— came Mor-
monism.
In 1825, when this excited state of the public mind was
at its boiling point, and in the very center of it, there lived a
young boy, of mean parentage, and without acknowledged
ability or education, or becoming ambition, whose character
seems to have been the natural outgrowth of these condi-
tions. This boy grew to be recognized as the founder of a
new religion, which, in about forty years, has come to embrace
Condition op Mormonism. 411
in its membership, over 100,000 souls, claiming in fact to be
several times more numerous still, which has been preached
in all lands, and has a new bible, and a new dispensation, and
possesses a secular kingdom, ranking as one of the powers
of the earth, and still aspiring to greater dominion.
This boy was Joseph Smith, Jr., the coming Mormon
u prophet ; " his religion, Mormonism, as characterized by the
" Gentile world," and by themselves, " the Church of Jesus
Christ of Latter-Day Saints."
Joseph Smith was born at Sharon, Windsor County, Vt..
December 23, 1805. His family removed to Palmyra,
N. Y., when he was ten years of age.
At about fifteen, the future "prophet" became greatly ex-
ercised upon religious matters, as he alleges. This was in
keeping with his surroundings, though less so with his own
character, and that of his family ; for the Smiths were idle,
thievish, and unworthy citizens. This is admitted, even by
the Mormons. Joseph was entirely uneducated, unable to
ivu<l or write with ease, or well.
Nothing shows his character so clearly, as the accounts
given of his religious experience.
Orson Pratt, one of the early magnates of Mormonism,
who has given an elaborate account of Joseph's first inspir-
ations, says, " he began seriously to reflect upon the neces-
sity of beiii;: prepared for a future state of existence," but
seemed undecided how to effect this. " He perceived that
it was a question of infinite importance, and the salvation
of his soul depended upon a correct understanding of the
412 Rise, Progress, and Present
same. He retired to a secret place in a grove, and knelt
down, and began to call upon the Lord," &c.
Joseph himself says of this first approach to divine hon-
ors : " My object in going to inquire of the Lord, was to
know which of all the sects was right, that I might know
which to join."
This was the burthen which he bore to the Lord, and it
was in keeping with the circumstances.
Orson Pratt wrote afterwards, and saw the need of a
consistent, religious experience.
" Joseph says, ' some few days after this vision, I hap-
pened to be in company with one of the Methodist preach-
ers, who was very active in the before-mentioned religious
excitement. I took occasion to give him an account of the
vision I had had. I was greatly surprised at his behavior.
He treated my communication not only lightly, but with
contempt, saying, ' it was all of the devil ; that there were
no such things as visions and revelations in these days,' "
&c.
The vision here referred to, was the opening of the young
" prophet's " mission, and came after this wise :
While he prayed, " he was at first severely tempted by
the powers of darkness," but having struggled against these,
"he at length saw a bright and glorious light in the heavens
above, which at first seemed to be at a considerable dis-
tance." But he continued praying, and the light at length
descended in his direction, and he was disappointed and
edified not to see the leaves of the trees over his head con-
sumed by its brilliant glow, which illuminated the entire
Condition of Mormonism. 413
forest. He was now encouraged to hope he could look
upon it and live. He was soon " enveloped in the midst
of it," and " immediately his mind was caught away from
natural objects, with which he was surrounded, and he was
enwrapped in a heavenly vision, and saw two glorious per-
sonages, who exactly resembled each other in their features
or likeness."
Orson Pratt says, Joseph was informed, at this point,
" that his sins were forgiven," but Joseph himself seemed
not to think this of importance ; but both state what was
said about the sects. They were all wrong, and Joseph
must not join himself to any of them. Then followed the
greatest of all. These u personages" promised that at some
future time, " the true doctrine, the fullness of the gospel,
should be made known to him."
But he fell away after this, into the world again. The
heavenly vision, so great in promise, and wonderful in its
glory of light, was forgotten. Joseph seems to have gone
back to his sheep stealing again. He was human, and had
human possibilities, as well as divine.
But, on the 21st of September, 1823, his prayer was
again heard by the Lord. " It seemed as though his bones
were filled with consuming tire" which "occasioned a shock
of sensation visible to the cxtn anitii i of his body."
Nevertheless, this was followed by the calmness of joy,
ud ■ u.-< renity of mind, that surpassed understanding, and
in a moment, a personage stood before him," of whom,
" though his countenance was as lightning, yet it was of a
pleasing, innocent, and glorious appearance, so much so,
414 Rise, Progress, and Present
that every fear was banished," and Joseph betook himself
to " calmness."
In this connection, we have the amazing statement, that
" The stature of this personage was a little above the com-
mon size of men in his age ;" and that his garments were
white, and " without seam."
But the celestial presence soon satisfied all curious inqui-
ries, by declaring himself an angel, and was very communi-
cative. This was the angel Moroni, and he appeared thus,
three times, and gave him valuable instruction. God had
a great work for Joseph. There were some golden plates
hidden in the hill Cumorah, very near and convenient to
him, in the town of Manchester, Ontario County, New
York, on which were engraved, in peculiar and unknown
characters, a record of the ancient inhabitants of America,
and the dealings of God to them ward : that with this record
would be found the identical and renowned Urim and
Thummim of the ancients, by which alone these records
could be translated, — stone spectacles, "set in two rims of a
bow."
Not until four years after this were these treasures made
available by Joseph. On the 22d of September, 1827, the
angel gave them into his hands. They were about eight
inches long, by seven wide, thinner than ordinary tin, and
bound together by three rings, which passed through each
plate, making a volume about six inches thick. A part of
this golden document was sealed, and the remainder was
written in a language called the reformed Egyptian, in
hieroglyphic characters.
Condition of Mormonism. 415
This, when translated by Joseph has given us the " Gold-
en Bible," or the " Book of Mormon."
Mysteriously hidden behind a blanket, Joseph read from
the golden plates, while Oliver Cowdery wrote from his
"prophet" lips the wonderful record, as he translated it, by
means of the stone spectacles.
Profane eyes were not permitted to see these plates.
It were a dangerous profanation. Nevertheless the follow-
ing papers are accepted by Mormons, as authentic. The
first is the statement of the " Three Witnesses," and the
latter of " Eight Witnesses."
"'TESTIMONY op three witnesses.
'"Be it known unto all nations, kindi-eds, tongues, and people,
unto whom this work shall come, that we, through the grace of God
the Father, and our Lord Jesus Christ, have seen the plates which
contain this record, which is a record of the people of Nephi and also
of the Lamanites, their brethren, and also the people of Jared, who
came from the tower of which hath been spoken ; and we also know
that they have been translated by the gift and power of God, for his
voice hath declared it unto us ; wherefore we know of a surety that
the work is true, and we also testify that we have seen the engravings
which are upon the plates ; and they have been shown unto us by the
power of God, and not of man. And we declare, with words of sober-
ness, that an angel of God came down from heaven, and he brought
and laid before our eyes, that we beheld and saw the plates, and the
engravings thereon ; and we know that it is by the graae of God the
Father and our Lord Jesus Christ, that we beheld and bear record
that these things are true, and it is marvellous in our eyes; never-
theless, the voice of the Lord eoaUMDdod HI that we should bear
record of it; wherefore, to be obedient unto thfl commandments of
God, we bear testimony of these things. And we know that if we are
faithful in Christ we shall rid our garments of the blood of all men,
and be found spotless before the judgment seat of Christ, and shall
dwell with him eternally in the heavens. And the honour be to the
416 Rise, Progress, and Present
Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost, which is one God.
Amen.
" ' Oliver Cowdery.
David Whitmer.
Martin Harris.
"'testimony of eight witnesses.
"'Be it known unto all nations, kindreds, tongues, and people,
unto whom this work shall come, that Joseph Smith, jun., the trans-
lator of this work, has shown unto us the plates of which hath been
spoken, which have the appearance of gold : as many of the leaves as
the said Smith has translated we did handle with our hands ; and we
also saw the engravings thereon, all of which have the appearance of
ancient work, and of curious workmanship. And this we bear record
with words of soberness, that the said Smith has shown unto us, for
we have seen and lighted, and know of a surety that the said Smith
has got the plates of which we have spoken : and we give our names
unto the world of that which we have seen ; and we lie not, God bear-
ing witness of it.
"'John Whitmer.
Christian Whitmer.
Jacob Whitmer.
Peter Whitmer, jun.
Hiram Page.
Joseph Smith, sen.
Htrum Smith.
Samuel H. Smith/"
The above papers, together with the mere assertions of
the " prophet" himself, and certain others, make up in reali-
ty the evidence on which the Mormons rest their cause, and
the authenticity of their religion.
Of course there are " miracles" and " revelations" in the
case, but these are authenticated by similar proof, — by none.
Of the " witnesses," the Whitmers are unknown, and the
three Smiths are of Joseph's family. Of Cowdery, nothing
Condition of Mormonism. 417
is to be said, but that he was the amanuensis of Joseph,*
but all the "Three Witnesses" quarreled with Joseph
afterwards, and publicly avowed their statements to have
been false.
Martin Harris was a simple-minded farmer, who was
made to believe there was money in the book, and he fur-
nished the means for its publication, — an investment which
he earnestly repented, — of whom Joseph speaks somewhat
harshly : " There are negroes who have white skins as
well as black ones ; Granny Parish and others, who acted
as lackeys, such as Martin Harris. But they are so far
beneath my contempt, that to notice any of them would be
too great a sacrifice for a gentleman to make."
This language seems to have been called out after the
publication of the " Golden Bible," by the irreverent view
taken of it, and of the "prophet," by these persons and his
other neighbors. It appears Joseph was not always guard-
ed or truthful, and he had made contradictory statements.
Peter Ingersall, his intimate friend, made oath: "Smith
told me the whole affair was a hoax ; that he had no such
book, and did not believe there was any such book in exist-
ence ; but, .-aid he, as I have got the damned fools fixed, I
shall carry out the fun."
•But .To>t|.h had, in November, lH.'H, this prudent u revelation,''
whirh goes somewhat to the question of Oliver's veracity, if we ac-
cept the revelation :
nken unto me, saith the Lord your (Jod,for my servant Oliver
Cowdcry's Bake. It is not wisdom in me that he should be intn^n d
with the commandments, ami the money which he shall curry into the
land of Zion, except one go with him who is true and faithful '."
The italics arc a ]»art of the " revelation," bat it was all tor Oliver's
soke.
418 Rise, Progress, and Present
Many passages in the after life of Joseph, show him to
have been a much greater man than the above would indi-
cate, but we have here the key to his character. He never
believed in himself, nor in Mormonism.
The " Golden Bible," or the " Books of Mormon," purport
to have been written by prophets of different periods. It
is in sixteen books, the last of these was by Mormon, whose
name has been given to it, and to the whole as a series.
Its numerous names are of Latin, Greek, Hebrew, and
biblical origin, and imitations of these, and it is said to con-
tain some three hundred passages from the common Eng-
lish Bible.
The religious character of the Book of Mormon is singu-
larly toned by that of the public opinion in Western New
York, before-mentioned. Infant baptism is denounced, and
Universalism, Millerism, the Methodists, Calvinism, and
the Roman Catholics are discussed; and Free Masonry,
over which Western New York was excited in 1830, is
condemned, as well as secret societies generally.
The story of the Book of Mormon is eminently Ameri-
can. The first book claims to have been written by a Jew,
— Nephi, the Son of Lehi, — who lived in Jerusalem about
600 B. C.
Lehi was directed by the Lord, in a dream, to go to the
desert of Arabia, with his family, which he did, and dwelt
there for a long while ; and being further directed by the
Lord, traveled eastwardly for eight years, in search of a
promised land, until he came to the sea.
After building a ship, he sailed, with his family and
Condition op Mormonism. 419
others, to America, "guided by a compass." It is not
stated upon what part of the continent the expedition
landed, but by means of convenient " revelations " of later
date, it is known to have been on the coast of Chili.
Lehi and his four sons, Laman, Lemuel, Sam, and Nephi,
and their four wives, " two sons of Ishmael," and their two
wives, and Zoram, a servant, and his wife ; eight men with
each a wife, made up the migrating party, except that Lehi
had also two sons born on the journey, Joseph and Jacob.
But Lehi soon died, and dissensions divided the brothers.
Nephi and Sam, and the servant Zoram, with their wives,
with the young brothers, Joseph and Jacob, went into the
wilderness ; while Laman and Lemuel, with the two " sons
of Ishmael," and their wives, were condemned, with their
posterity, by the Lord, for not following Nephi, to have
dark skins, and to " become an idle people, full of mischief
and subtlety, which did seek in the wilderness for beasts
of prey."
Nephi had been appointed ruler by the Lord, and hence
this severity against rebellion. Besides, it also proved the
Hebrew origin of the American Indians. But Nephi was
prospered and his people increased. He says, "And I did
teach my people to build buildings, and to work in all man-
ner of wood, and of iron, and of copper, and of brass, and
of steel, and of gold, and of silver, and of precious ores,
which were in great abundance. And I, Nephi, did build
a temple; and I did construct it after the manner of the
temple of Solomon, save that it were not built of so many
precious things ; for they were not to be found in the land ;
420 Rise, Progress, and Present
therefore it could not be built like unto Solomon's temple.
But the manner of the construction was like unto the temple
of Solomon ; and the workmanship thereof was exceeding
fine. * * * # And it did come to pass that I, Nephi,
did consecrate Jacob and Joseph, that they should be priests
and teachers over the land of my people. And it came to
pass that we lived after the manner of happiness. And
thirty years had passed away since we left Jerusalem."
After the death of Nephi, which occurred about fifty years
after his arrival in America, his people were 'governed by
a race of kings, bearing his name, for many generations.
This people were called Nephites. The records were con-
tinued by Jacob, upon the golden plates, and by his son
Enos, and then by Jarom the son of Enos, and Omni the
son of Jarom, down to Mormon, the writer of the last book,
who "many hundred years after the coming of Christ,"
gave all these plates to his son Maroni. Besides those
mentioned, came in their order, Mosiah, Benif, Alma, Hel-
aman, Nephi the second, and third. These various books
give the history of the wars between the Nephites and the
red men, i. e., the Lamanites, and relate to the affairs of
North and South America, and particularly to the land of
Zarahemla, located in the neighborhood of the isthmus of
Darien, where was a great city. The crucifixion of Christ
was announced in the days of Nephi the second, by an
earthquake, three days after which, the Lord himself de-
scended out of heaven upon one of the chief cities, and ex-
hibited his hands and his feet, with the prints of the nails,
where he remained forty days, and founded churches.
Condition of Mormoxism. 421
These Nephites, it seems, at once adopted the Christian
era for chronological purposes.
For four hundred years after the coming of Christ among
them, terrible wars were waged between the Lamanites and
these Christian Nephites, to the disadvantage of the latter.
Their civilized cities, which were numerous and large, were
wasted and captured, and by degrees the Lamanites gained
decided ground; and finally, a great and decisive battle was
fought (singularly enough) in Western New York, in which
the Nephites were entirely defeated. This was A. D. 384,
upon the hill Cumorah, where the golden plates were found
by Joseph. Two hundred and thirty thousand men were
slain in this last conflict. Moroni, one of the survivors of
this battle, wandered a fugitive, with these golden plates in
custody, until A. D. 420, when he hid them on this hill,
where they remained until 1827, as related.
Such is the Book of Mormon.
But there are two other persons bearing important rela-
tions to this book.
Solomon Spalding was born in Ashford, Conn., in 1761,
and was graduated at Dartmouth^ and ordained, and he
preached several years ; but relinquished the ministry, and
went into lm-iness as a merchant at Cherry Valley, N. Y.,
and moved from there to Conn. -ant, Ohio, in 1809. In
1812, he removed to Pittsburgh, Pa., and thence to Amity,
in the same State, and died in 1816.
It ii well an? Ih-iii i«'at. <1 that he was addicted to the writing
of a class of fiction too poor to find a publisher, but for
which he had a passion. That while in Ohio be wrot< one
422 Rise, Progress, and Present
of these, which he was in the- practice of reading to his
friends, in which he attempted a plot to account for the
origin of the American Indians, upon the theory that
they were the descendants of the lost tribes of Israel. He
called his book, " Manuscript Found," and mentioned it as a
translation of the " Book of Mormon." He proposed to
publish a fictitious account of its having been found in a
cave in Ohio, as an advertisement.
It is in proof, that the manuscript of this romance was
sent in 1812, to a printing office in Pittsburgh, Pa.; the
year Spalding removed to that city.
The third important personage in this connection, is Sid-
ney Rigdon. He was born in St. Clair, Alleghany county,
Pa., February 19, 1793. When this manuscript was taken
to the printing office, he was an employee in it. It was well
known about the office that Rigdon had made a copy of
Spalding's manuscript, and he admitted he had it. The
original was returned to Spalding just before his death.
When the " Book of Mormon " was published by Joseph,
the original manuscript was sent by Mrs. Spalding to Con-
neaut, Ohio, and there compared, at a public meeting, with
the " Golden Bible " of Joseph, and the identity fully estab-
lished. The widow Spalding says, " I am sure that nothing
would grieve my husband more, were he living, than the
use which has been made of his work. The air of antiquity
which was thrown about the composition, doubtless suggest-
ed the idea of converting it to the purposes of delusion.
Thus, a historical romance, with the addition of a few pious
expressions and extracts from the sacred scriptures, has
Condition op Mormonism. 423
been construed into a new bible, and palmed off upon a
company of poor, deluded fanatics, as divine."
It would be interesting to know how and when Rigdon and
Joseph first met. It is certain that previous to their meet-
ing, i. e., between 181 G and 1829, Rigdon took to preach-
ing, and held peculiar views, and had drawn a church about
him modeled upon a plan of his own. He does not appear
conspicuously upon the stage, in connection with Joseph,
until about the time of the first organization of the " Church
of Latter-Day Saints," which was effected at Manchester,
N. Y., April 6, 1830, by the union of Rigdon's followers
with Joseph's. The first conference was held at Fayette,
N. Y., in the June following, when the two " prophets "
mustered about thirty adherents ; from which insignificant
following, what results !
There are many indications that the conjunction of them
magnates was vital to the success of Mormonism. Rigdon
was fierce, unscrupulous, original, and daring as a theorist
and innovator, but he was indiscreet, and wanting in ability
to influence and impress himself upon the masses. He sig-
nally failed to control men, or to win the hearts of the mul-
titude.
brong just where Rigdon was at fault. He
was patient, and had unbounded persereraaoe) impudence,
and dash in execution. He had the executive ability neces-
sary to success in such a cheat ; hut he wanted originality.
He was full of expedients for a -m-n cud. :in<l had
personal courage, and hi> well-timed assumptions were
audacious to sublimity.
424 Rise, Progress, and Present
But, nevertheless, as far as being the originator of &
" reliyion" he was a cheat. It was Sidney Rigdon avIio
adapted the Rev. Mr. Spalding's romance to serve their
joint purpose ; and there is abundant proof that the idea
of a "new religion" was Rigdon's and not Joseph's. Rig-
don also introduced polygamy.
Among the proofs that the authorship of the " Book of
Mormon " belong to Spalding, we find in the deposition of
his brother John, that he saw the original, and heard Solo-
mon read much of it, which he recognized ; and says, " I
well remember that he wrote in the old style, and com-
menced about every sentence with * And it came to pass,'
or ' Now it came to pass,' the same as in the ' Book of Mor-
mon/ and according to my best recollection and belief, it
is the same as my brother Solomon wrote, with the ex-
ception of the religious matter. By what means it has
fallen into the hands of Joseph Smith, Jr., I am unable
to determine."
Martha, the wife of John Spalding, and Henry Lake, the
co-partner of Solomon in business, and John N. Miller, who
was employed by Solomon, and lived in the family, all make
conclusive statements to the same effect.
Miller says, "Many of the passages in the Mormon
book are verbatim from Spalding, and others in part. The
names of Nephi, Lehi, Moroni, and in fact all the principal
names are brought fresh to my recollection by the ' Gold
Bible.'"
Martin Harris, after advancing $50 to Joseph, for the
publication of the " Book of Mormon," wishing to assure
Condition of Mormonism. 425
himself that everything was genuine, asked to see the
plates, but Joseph was forbidden by a timely "revelation" to
gratify his curiosity ; but he gave a paper which he said
was a transcript of a part of them, and proposed Harris
should submit this to some learned person ; and accordingly
he went to New York for the purpose, and made the sub-
mission to Prof. Anthon.
The Mormons claimed afterwards the decision to have
been that the characters were Egyptian.
When this question was under investigation in Ohio, Mr.
E. D. Howe, of Painesville, received in reply to his inquiry,
the following decisive answer. The " simple-hearted farm-
er " referred to was Martin Harris.
"New York, February 17, 1834.
" Dear Sir, — I received your letter of the 9th, and lose no time in
making a reply. The whole story about my pronouncing the Mor-
monite inscription to be ' Reformed Egyptian Hieroglyphics,' is per-
fectly false. Some years ago a plain, apparently simple-hearted,
farmer called on me with a note from Dr. Mitchell, of our city, now
dead, raqMftfclg DM to decipher, if possible, a paper which the farmer
would hand me. Upon examining the paper in question, I soon came
to the conclusion that it was all a trick, perhaps a hoax. When I
Hked the person who brought it how he obtained the writing, he gave
DM the following account: — A 'gold l>ook,' consisting of a number
of plates fastened together l>v wires of the same material, had been
dug up in the northern part of the State of New fork, and along
with it an enormous pair of ' ! ' These spectacles v.
!i:it if any jhtsou attempted to look through them, his two
eyes would look through one glass only ; the spectacles in question
lltOgBlkar tOO large for the human hoe. ' Whoever,' he >aid,
'examined the plates through the glasses wns enabled not only to
read them, but fully to understand their meaning. All this knowl-
Oflge, lenvever, was confined to a young man, who had the trunk con-
taining the l*>ok and spectacles in his sole possession. This young
man was plated U'liind a curtain, in a garret, in a farm-house, and
426 Rise, Progress, and Present
being thus concealed from view, he put on the spectacles occasionally,
or rather, looked through one of the glasses, deciphered the characters
in the book, and having committed some of them to paper, handed
copies from behind the curtain to those who stood outside. Not a
word was said about their having been deciphered by the ' gift of
God.' Everything in this way was effected by the large pair of spec-
tacles. The farmer added, that he had been requested to contribute a
sum of money towards the publication of the ' golden book,' the con-
tents of which would, as he was told, produce an entire change in the
world, and save it from ruin. So urgent had been these solicitations,
that he intended selling his farm, and giving the amount to those who
wished to publish the plates. As a last precautionary step, he had
resolved to come to New York, and obtain the opinion of the learned
about the meaning of the paper which he had brought with him, and
which had been given him as part of the contents of the book, al-
though no translation had at that time been made by the young man
with the spectacles. On hearing this odd story, I changed my opinion
about the paper, and instead of viewing it any longer as a hoax, I be-
gan to regard it as part of a scheme to cheat the farmer of his money,
and I communicated my suspicions to him, warning him to beware
of rogues. He requested an opinion from me in writing, which of
course I declined to give, and he then took his leave, taking his paper
with him.
" This paper, in question, was in fact a singular scroll. It con-
sisted of all kinds of crooked characters, disposed in columns, and
had evidently been prepared by some person who had before him at
the time a book containing various alphabets, Greek and Hebrew let-
ters, crosses, and flourishes ; Roman letters inverted or placed side-
ways, were arranged and placed in perpendicular columns ; and the
whole ended in a rude delineation of a circle, divided into various com-
partments, decked with various strange marks, and evidently copied
after the Mexican Calendar, given by Humboldt, but copied in such a
way as not to betray the source whence it was derived. I am thus par-
ticular as to the contents of the paper, inasmuch as I have frequently
conversed with my friends on the subject since the Mormon excite-
ment began, and well remember that the paper contained anything
else but ' Egyptian Hieroglyphics/
" Some time after the same farmer paid me a second visit. He
brought with him the ' gold book ' in print, and offered it to me for
sale. I declined purchasing. He then asked permission to leave the
book with me for examination. I declined receiving it, although his
Condition of Mormonism. 427
manner was strangely urgent. I adverted once more to the roguery
which, in my opinion, had been practised upon him, and asked him
what had become of the gold plates. He informed me that they were
in a trunk with the spectacles. I advised him to go to a magistrate
and have the trunk examined. He said, ' The curse of God ' would
come upon him if he did. On my pressing him, however, to go to a
magistrate, he told me he would open the trunk if I would take the
' eone of God' upon myself. I replied I would do so with the great-
est willingness, and would incur every risk of that nature, provided I
could only extricate him from the grasp of rogues ; he then left me.
I have given you a full statement of all that I know respecting the
origin of Mormonism, and must beg you, as a personal favor, to pub-
lish this letter immediately, should you find my name mentioned
again by these wretched fanatics.
"Yours respectfully,
"Charles Anthon."
But the new religion was now fairly enunciated, with its
head-quarters at Fayette, N. Y. It had thirty members,
and from the first it became obnoxious and demonstrative.
It 1m ing necessary to erect a dam across a neighboring
stream for baptisms, it was torn away by a mob. The
young prophet was too near his own county to enjoy honors.
He was assailed with charges of former bad character, and
threatened with violence.
I lis answer was characteristic and able. He frankly ad-
mitted his past irregularities and crimes ; but " the Lord
bud ohoteo him ; had forgiven him all his .-ins, ami intended
in bk own JnHOTteMfl purpose*, to make him, — weak :m<l
erring as he might have been, — the instrument of his
glory."
He cited high authority and example. Were not the
followers of Christ unlettered and erring?
428 Rise, Progress, and Present
But in proportion as his enemies were defeated by Jo-
seph's logic, they grew intolerant and determined.
Joseph had a " revelation " to go with his family and church
to Kirtland, Ohio, in January, 1831. This was done, with
a view of finding a place for the " New Jerusalem," to be
established for a general rendezvous for the saints, where
they at once began to assemble.
But attention was directed at an early day to the far
west as the final resting-place of the faithful ; and Joseph
and Rigdon left the rapidly gathering saints at Kirtland to
look out a fitting locality. Oliver Cowdery had already
been sent into Jackson County, Mo., for this purpose, and his
report had been so favorable, that the " prophet " directed
his way hither, — three hundred miles of which weary journey
was performed on foot by these two founders of a re-
ligious empire. From such small beginnings are the great
things of the world originated. The strength and the
daring of the "prophet" was at once developed as the
fruit of this journey.
Arrived at Independence, Mo., he was so enamored of
the country, that he at once fixed upon it as the " New
Jerusalem," and in order to silence all cavil as to this among
his followers, he promptly had a " revelation," that took
form in a document, which, for grasp, forethought, and bold-
ness of design, stands forth among the extraordinary things
of its kind.
It will be remembered, this was early in the history of
Mormonism, — long before injustice, and persecutions, and
Condition of Mormonism. 429
dangers had sharpened his faculties by a rough experience.
It opens :
" Hearken, O ye elders of My Church, saith the Lord
your God, who have assembled yourselves together accord-
ing to my commandments, in this land which I have ap-
pointed and consecrated for the gathering of the saints. *
* * * Behold the place which is now called Independ-
ence, is the centre place, and a spot for the temple is lying
westward, upon a lot which is not far from the court-house ;
wherefore it is wisdom that the land should be purchased
by the saints ; and also every tract lying westward, even
unto the line running directly between Jew and Gentile."
And further on, his views are set forth with a business-
like purpose and directness, not inferior to Brigham Young,
after years of experience ; in which the store-keeper and
printer are named, and our friend, Oliver Cowdery, was
assigned to the printing office, as an assistant.
The site of the temple was dedicated, and the place
named New Jerusalem.
These two men then returned to Kirtland, Ohio, where
they proposed to remain during five years, in order, — as
tin v naively said, to " make money."
The prophet immediately addressed himself to business.
A store, a mill, and a bank were organized ; Joseph
made himself the president, and Rigdon the cashier, of the
latter, — without a charter, — and then the country was
flooded with money in which the people of Ohio had little
confidence. There were other dishonest dealings charged
to the account of Joseph and Rigdon, and an excitement
430 Rise, Progress, and Present
grew up and culminated on the night of March 22, 1832, in
both being tarred and feathered.
The next year the Church was organized under the
"First Presidency," — a form of government which it still
retains. The origin of the " Presidency " is singular, and
came as follows :
While he was at Kirtland, the indiscretions of the saints
in Missouri had given rise to suspicions that Joseph aimed
at " empire," and apostacies were the result, and other dan-
gers threatened the Church. By a fine stroke of policy,
he disarmed his enemies by associating with himself, Sid-
ney Rigdon and Frederic G. Williams, in obedience to a
" revelation " to the effect that these saints " were forgiven,
and were henceforth to be accounted as equal with Joseph
Smith, Jr., in holding the keys of his last kingdom." Rig-
don it seems had shown signs of ambition, and Joseph dare
not place him in command at " Zion," but directed him to
remain at Kirtland.
It was in this year that one of the most important con-
versions occurred, in the person of Brigham Young. He
arrived at Kirtland, Ohio, at the end of the year 1832.
He was born at Whitingham, Vt., June 1, 1801. It is
related of him, that when he resided in Livingston Coun-
ty, N. Y., and was supporting himself as a field laborer,
that once, at the end of a toilsome day, he leaned
thoughtfully upon his hoe-handle for a long time, when
suddenly, as if inspired by one of those bursts of genius,
which has since so often served his purpose and made
him famous, he threw his hoe into the corner of the
Condition of Mormonism. 431
fence and said, " There, by , that is the last day's
work I ever do in Livingston County; I will go and
join the Mormons." And he did so, and he has lived
to save Mormonism more than once. He soon became
prominent, and when the " Quorum of the Apostles " was
organized, he was made one of the " Twelve," and was very
successful as a preacher in the Eastern States. Brigham
Young, next to Joseph, is the ablest man brought to the
surface by the Mormon delusion, if not the ablest among
the impostors of the world. These two men had much in
common. Brigham has shown more shrewdness, and equal
dash, audacity, and foresight.
Heber C. Kimball became a convert in 1832, and Orson
Hyde in 1837.
The large and costly temple at Kirtland was finished in
183G.
The Kirtland bank failed in 1838, and Joseph and Rig-
don found it necessary to flee, to avoid arrest, and they re-
turned to Missouri, pursued by creditors, still directed by a
divine "revelation."
It was on this march to Missouri, that the "prophet"
first organized a military command, and a body-guard, and
began to assume the prerogatives of his hijrh mi— ion. and
to introduce system and discipline among his followers.
He had about two hundred disciplined men at arms, out of
which grow that fearful, secret hand, afterwards known as
the " Danites," or " Destroying Angels."
But he found the saints badly conditioned. Perhaps
from motives of vanity, the saints had disclosed and made
432 Rise, Progress, and Present
a boast of the intentions of the "prophet." Independence
was the future capital of the " Latter-Day Saints," and the
State of Missouri was soon to be in their hands, as well as
the whole country. And the facts seemed to justify the
boast. Most of Jackson County was already in Mormon
hands, and the saints were still nocking thither. They
were also charged with crime.
A public meeting was held at Independence, which at
length grew into a western mob, and the Mormons were
forcibly and cruelly driven across the Missouri river into
Clay County, and thence into Caldwell County, where Jo-
seph and Rigdon joined them. Farwest and other "stakes,"
which they had established, characteristically grew into im-
portant places under Mormon hands.
Mills,, and workshops, and farms, and various industries,
sprang up in the wilderness about their temporary resting-
places. The master-mind of the "prophet" was shaping
and moulding the rudest material into a great, enthusiastic,
religious power.
Then grew into fact, one of those wild and romantic
histories, which could have been enacted only upon a west-
ern frontier in America, and outrages which could have
been provoked only by the demonstrative spirit of Mor-
monism.
To complicate affairs, a schism occurred in the Church.
The President of the " Twelve," Thomas B. March, and
Orson Hyde, also an " apostle," apostatized, with others.
The following affidavit was made by March, before a jus-
tice of the peace, in Ray County, on the 24th of October,
1838:
Condition of Mormonism. 433
* They have among them a company, consisting of all
that are considered true Mormons, called the Danites, who
have taken an oath to support the heads of the Church, in
all things they say or do, whether right or wrong. * * *
The plan of said Smith, the prophet, is to take this State ;
and he professes to his people to intend taking the United
States, and ultimately the whole world. This is the pro-
phet's plan and intentions. The prophet inculcates the
notion, and it is believed by every true Mormon, that
Smith's prophecies are superior to the law of the land. I
heard the prophet say, that he would yet tread down his
enemies, and walk over their dead bodies ; that if he was
not let alone, he would be a second Mahomet to this gener-
ation, and that he would make it. one gore of blood from
the Rocky Mountains to the Atlantic Ocean."
This was corroborated by Hyde's affidavit.
On the 4th of July, 1838, Sidney Rigdon preached a
sermon, in which he said to the saints :
" We take God and all the holy angels to witness this
day, that we warn all men in the name of Jesus Christ, to
come on us no more forever. The man, or the set of men,
who attempts it, does it at the expense of their lives. And
that mob that comes on us to disturb us, it shall be between
us and them a war of extermination, for we will follow
them till the last drop of blood is spilled, or else they will
have to exterminate us. For we will carry the seat of war
to their own houses, and their own families, and one party
or the other shall be utterly destroy ed."
1!)
434 Rise, Progress, and Present
Rigdon was, from first to last, distinguished for his zeal-
ous indiscretion, without executive ability.
Near the close of this year, the excitement against the
Mormons increased, and the militia of the State of Mis-
souri was called out by the Governor. Joseph, Rigdon,
Hiram Smith, and others were arrested by the military
authorities.
The wild drama which followed was under the leadership,
in part, of one " Major- General Clark," who seems to have
been less civilized, and as much the fanatic as the rudest
Mormon. In a brutally threatening address to his prison-
ers, he used this extraordinary language : " And, oh ! that
I could invoke the spirit of the unknown God to rest upon
you, and deliver you from the awful chain of superstition,"
&c, and had the bad taste to say, before trial, that nothing
could save the leaders ; " their fate is fixed, — their die is
cast, — their doom is sealed." He also kindly informed his
prisoners : " The orders of the Governor to me were, that
you were to be exterminated, and not allowed to remain in
the State."
But, he had " discretionary powers," and he would allow
them to withdraw, and the State would take their lands to
pay the cost of the war. The Mormon property thus
taken by the State, has been estimated at between one
and two million dollars. These acts are without justifica-
tion. The Mormons were clearly entitled to the protection
of the laws. Nevertheless, there had been much provoca-
tion. The Mormons were probably the first wrong-doers.
But a mob, backed by the State militia, called out under
Condition op Mormonism. 435
the pretence of enforcing the laws, was not a good remedy.
It has told badly upon Missouri. She still suffers by rea-
son of her former want of respect for law and justice.
Hiram Smith thus describes the situation of the Mormon
leaders under arrest :
" When I arrived at the camp, I was put under the same
guard as my brother Joseph, and my other friends, who
were taken the day previous.
" That evening a court-martial was held, to consult what
steps should be taken with the prisoners, when it was de-
cided that we were to be shot the next morning, as an ex-
ample to the rest of the Church. * * * When I heard
of these unjust and cruel sentences, ' my heart was fixed,
trusting in the Lord.'
" The next morning came on, when we were to be shot
* * * The time at length arrived when their sentence
was to be carried into effect, but in consequence of Gen.
Doniphan protesting against the unlawfulness of the pro-
ceedings, and at the same time threatening to withdraw his
troops, the court rescinded their resolution."
A monument to Gen. Doniphan.
With the leaden in arrest, and pressed by i superior
force, the Mormons submitted to the conditions imposed,
and withdrew from the State into Illinois, where the " pro-
phet " jninrd them, after boring broken jail. Rigdon had
been discharged before, for whom this confinement seems
to have been too much ; for he imv.i :tft<ru aids displayed
his usual courage, and hie unbecoming habit of complain-
ing about it, was afterwards urged as a proper ground for
436 Rise, Progress, and Present
charges against him on his Church trial, afterwards had.
The true Mormon saint is too heroic and self-forgetful ifco
indulge in childish complainings.
The following amazing statement is copied from a late
popular work :
" The story of their exile," — the Mormons, — " their per-
secutions, and their sufferings, is most painful. Of course,
I take their own accounts, for the other side of the story-
has never been written, or if it has, I have never seen
it. But it will be written, and we shall then have both
sides of the story. I am assured that the other side view
will be very different, and will make fearfully against their
own history. We shall see. But, taking their version, I
hesitate not to say, that the treatment they received in Illi-
nois was not merely unjust and unkind, but was cruel to a
degree that ought to make savages blush."
As relating particularly to affairs in Missouri, to which
the author also refers in this connection, the following from
the message of the Governor of that State in 1840, gives
us a hint of the " otherside view." He says :
" These people," — the Mormons, — " had violated the laws
of the land by open and avowed resistance to them ; they
had undertaken, without the aid of the civil authority, to
redress their real or fancied grievances ; they had instituted
among themselves a government of their own, independent
of and in opposition to the government of this State ; they
had, at an inclement season of the year, driven the inhab-
itants of an entire county from their homes, ravaged their
crops, and destroyed their dwellings. Under these circum-
Condition op Mokmonism. 437
stances, it became the imperious duty of the executive, to
interpose, and exercise the powers with which he was in-
vested, to protect the lives and property of our citizens, to
restore order and tranquillity to the country, and maintain
the supremacy of our laws."
The foregoing is a fair statement, within the facts of his-
tory, as far as it relates to the aggressions of the Mormons.
It does not cover the facts as to the influences and outrages
of the mob, and the subordination of the law and the exec-
utive to it. It is but fair to say, the " otherside view " in-
volves the statement, that Mormonism is incompatible with
the institutions of civilized life, and cannot exist witli it ;
and the Mormons seem, practically, to coincide with this
view. But the important propositions relating to this sub-
ject are :
First, civilization cannot afford to suppress Mormon
irregularities by other than the recognized law remedies, —
civil or military.
Second, it cannot afford to ignore nor neglect to suppress
them.
The same author says : " What it was that so exasper-
ated the community, I cannot sec. It was not polygamy,
for at that time they had no revelation allowing more than
one wife. In their * Book of Doctrines and Covenants,'
containing tin- revelations made to Smith and many others,
men and women, they say positively, page 331, 'Inasmuch
M tlii- Church of Christ hai h<-vi\ reproached with the
ciimc of fornication md polygamy, we declare that we be-
lieve that one man should have one wife, and one woman
438 Rise, Progress, and Present
but one husband, except in case of death, when either is at
liberty to marry again.' "
Dr. Todd could have truthfully quoted the Mormon Bible
to the same effect. This later " revelation " had been entirely
uncalled for, if polygamy had not existed in fact, in the
church, at this time, — which was intended to cover up an
existing state of things, and it had that effect, until the in-
discretions of the heads of the church made it impossible
longer to hide it. Polygamy "was" one of the very things
which " exasperated the community," — and more, it led to
the schism of 1844, and was the direct cause of the death
of Joseph, and his brother Hiram, and the Mormon exodus
from Illinois.
None of the facts of Mormonism are better established,
than that polygamy existed among the heads of the church,
and the trusted Mormons, long before their settlement in
Illinois; that it was one of the charges early brought
against them in Missouri ; that Sidney Rigdon originated
its introduction into the church ; that Joseph sanctioned
it by a "revelation" in 1843, and practiced it before
that time; that it was re-affirmed by a "revelation" to
Brigham Young in 1852.*
* My attention has been called to the following, which not only
confirms what is said above, but in a remarkable manner vindicates
the truthfulness of Mrs. Smith's narrative, — in the mention of her
brother Howard, and the facts there given, as to Emma. — See ante p.
34-5.
0
POLYGAMY IN SALT LAKE CITY.
The War betvjeen Brigham Young and the sons of Smith.
A correspondent of The San Francisco Bulletin gives the following
account of the recent contest in Salt Lake City on the subject of polyg-
Condition of Mormonism. 439
Joseph arrived in Illinois, from his imprisonment in Mis-
souri, at the darkest period in the history of his church.
But his prospects immediately brightened. Injustice in
Missouri seemed to have done them good service in Illinois.
Dr. Isaac Galland owned a large tract of land at Com-
merce, Carthage County, and he made Joseph a present
amy. Joseph F. Smith, son of " Hiram the Martyr," and cousins
of his opponents, David and Alexander Smith, sought to prove in a
public meeting that the original Joe Smith actually received • revela-
tion establishing polygamy, and that both he and Hiram his brother,
practiced polygamy secretly, and in the face of their positive denials
contained in The Times and Seasons, a Mormon paper published at
Nauvoo. The first witness introduced to the congregation by Joseph
F. Smith was u Elder Howard Coray." All who have read Mary
Ettie V. Smith's book, "Fifteen Years Among the Mormons," will
at once recognize this name as that of the " older brother Howard,"
often mentioned by her. He stated that his wife had a dream, in
which "Brother Thompson sealed her on the live points of fellow-
ship ; " that she told part of her dream to Hiram Smith, but felt a
delicacy about telling it all ; and that Hiram Smith then explained
to Coray and his wife the entire revelation authorizing polygamy.
He further said that Hiram Smith's sister-in-law soon alter moved to
Hiram'- hOQ*e, and another sister had her house built alongside of
Hiram's, so there was a passage to his bedroom. Joseph P. Smith
manifested great nervousness and excitement throughout the mcet-
ing. He commenced by stating that many would run after David
and Alexander Smith simply beOMISS tiny were the sons of Joseph.
In view of this fact, it had been determined to hold a series of m
the (PtnfwnttHl of David Hiram, and before they were
through they purposed to present testimony to convince any honest
mind who heard it, and damn any who rejected it. lb stated that
he would present the affidavits of twelve women now living that th« y
were the spiritual wives of Joseph Smith, and so continued to the
!i ; that hfl had the evidence of hundred- of men who
had been taught the doctrine by Jox-ph and Hir;im, and that he knew
to a certainty that Ul (father, Hiram Smith, had two other women
while his mother was still alive. As an excuse for the published de-
niaU of his father and Joe Smith, he said : " I cannot help the posi-
440 Rise, Progress, and Present
of a part of it, with the view of opening a market for the
remainder ; and immediately a new " revelation " indicated
this to be the " center spot," and commanded the saints to
assemble there to build a city, to be called Nauvoo ; and a
temple, and a " hotel," where the " prophet " and his family
could " have place from generation to generation, for ever
and ever."
tion this places my father and Joseph in as to their denials. I only
know these tacts. But everybody knows the people then were not
prepared for these things, and they had to be cautious. They were
in the midst of their enemies, in a State where this doctrine would
have sent them to the penitentiary. There were traitors on every
hand ; the right-hand man of the Prophet, one Marks, was a traitor
of the blackest dye. When Joseph and Hiram left Nauvoo, intend-
ing to come to the Rocky Mountains and pick out a refuge for the
people, when the mob were "after them, that man Marks and Emma
Smith joined in writing them a letter urging them to come back.
They came back, delivered themselves up, and were murdered. And
the blame rests upon that woman, their mother, Emma Smith. And
I say the blood of Joseph and Hiram is upon the souls of Marks and
Emma Smith, and there it will remain until burned out by the fires
of hell."
If Joseph F. Smith proved that polygamy did exist — and I think
he did — he thus proves his father and Joseph Smith to have been de-
liberate liars.
On Sunday evening, Joseph E. Smith, the avowed champion of
polygamy, again occupied the stand. He made no quotations from
the Book of Mormon, that authority being against him ; nor from the
Book of Doctrine and Covenants, that being equally so ; but he
quoted from the Bible. Many passages in the singular number refer-
ring to marriages were construed by him to mean the plural also.
He said : " It has been said that I have proved my father a liar. I
will show that he has not lied. There is a difference between telling
a lie and not telling the truth. Webster says : ' Polygamy, a man
having several wives, or a woman having several husbands.' The
latter part my father meant to deny, and not the former ; therefore he
did not lie."— N. Y. Semi- Weekly Tribune, Sept. 14, 1869.
Condition of Mormonism. 441
The land given to Joseph was divided into lots, and sold
to the saints, by which he realized over $ 1 ,000,000.
The city of Nauvoo immediately grew into importance,
as the saints were called to it from the four quarters. The
legislature granted it a liberal charter, with extraordinary
privileges, including the authorization of a military body,
afterwards known as the Nauvoo Legion. The " prophet "
was the Lieutenant- General of this corps, to which all
Mormons able to bear arms belonged. He was also made
the Mayor of the city.
Joseph was now approaching the zenith of his great
power and fame. He was, as by the " revelation " of April
6, 1830, u seer, apostle of Jesus Christ, and elder of the
church." But the Lord had said of him, "The church
shall give heed to all his words and commandments which
he shall give unto you ; for his words shall ye receive as
from my own mouth, in all patience and faith."
This was a sufficiently broad commission, and no good
Mormon doubted its binding force. Among his people he
was both the State and the Church ; — some fifteen years
before, a common thief, — now a Mayor, a Pontiff, and Lieu-
tenant-General, and very rich.
It was on the 6th of April, 1841, that Joseph laid the
foundation of the great temple, on which occasion be ap-
i at tin- Inad of lii.s legion, and surrounded by a nu-
merous staff. The temple walls rose as by magic, as each
Mormon was required, by a " revelation," to contribute one-
tenth of his substance and time to this object.
Nauvoo had become to Mormons, the capital of the
442 Rise, Progress, and Present
world, whither they flocked with their families and means,
while it challenged the attention of mankind.
An observing officer of artillery, of the U. S. Army, has
given an intelligent account of the city and its institutions,
as he saw them at this time.
•" Yesterday," he says, "was a great day among the Mor-
mons. Their legion, to the number of two thousand men,
was paraded by Generals Smith, Bennett, and others, and
certainly made a very noble and imposing appearance.
The evolutions of the troops, directed by Major- General
Bennett, would do honor to any body of armed militia in
any of the States, and approximates very closely to our
regular forces. What does all this mean ? Why this ex-
act discipline of the Mormon corps ? Do they intend to
conquer Missouri, Illinois, Mexico? It is true they are
part of the militia of the State of Illinois, by the charter
of their legion ; but then there are no troops in the States
like them in point of enthusiasm and warlike aspect, yea,
warlike character. Before many years this legion will be
twenty, and perhaps fifty, thousand strong, and still aug-
menting. A fearful host, filled with religious enthusiasm
and led on by ambitious and talented officers, what may not
be effected by them ? Perhaps the subversion of the con-
stitution of the United States ; and if this should be con-
sidered too great a task, foreign conquest will most cer-
tainly follow. Mexico will fall into their hands, even if
Texas should first take it.
" These Mormons are accumulating like a snow-ball roll-
ing down an inclined plane, which, in the end, becomes an
Condition of Mormon ism. 4i$
avalanche. They are enrolling among their officers some
of the first talent in the country, by titles, or bribes, it don't
matter which. They have appointed your namesake, Cap-
tain Bennett, late of the army of the United States, In-
spector-General of their legion, and he is commissioned as
such by Governor Carlin. This gentleman is known to be
well skilled in fortification, gunnery, ordinance, castrameta-
tion, and military engineering generally, and I am assured
that he is now under pay, derived from the tithings of this
warlike people. I have seen his plans for fortifying Nau-
voo, which are equal to any of Vauban's.
" Only a part of their officers, regents, and professors,
however, are Mormons, but they are all united by a com-
mon interest, and will act together, on main points, to a
man. Those who are not Mormons when they come here,
very soon become so, either from interest or conviction.
" The Smiths are not without talent, and are said to be
as brave as lions. Joseph, the chief, is a noble-looking fel-
low, a Mahomet every inch of him. The postmaster, Sid-
ney Rigdon, is a lawyer, philosopher, and saint. Their
other generals are also men of talent, and some of them
men of learning.' I have no doubt that they arc all brave,
as they are most unquestionably ambitious, and the ten-
dency of their religious creed is to annihilate all other
sects; you may, therefore, see that the time will come
when this gathering host of religious (knatici will make this
country shake to its center. A western empire la certain*
Ecclesiastical history presents no parallel t<> tlii- people, in-
asmuch as they are establishing their religion on a learned
444 Rise, Progress, and Present
footing. All the sciences are taught, and to be taught in
their colleges, with Latin, Greek, Hebrew, French, Italian,
Spanish, &c. The mathematical sciences, pure and mixed,
are now in successful operation, under an extremely able
professor of the name of Pratt, and a graduate of Trinity
College, Dublin, is president of their University.
" Now, Sir, what do you think of Joseph, the modern
Mahomet ?
"I arrived here incog., on the 1st instant, and from the
great preparation for the military parade, was induced to
stay to see the turnout, which I confess has astonished and
filled me with fears for future consequences. The Mor-
mons, it is true, are now peaceable, but the lion is asleep.
Take care and don't rouse him.
" The city of Nauvoo contains about ten thousand souls,
and is rapidly increasing. It is well laid out, and the mu-
nicipal affairs appear to be well conducted. The adjoining
country is a beautiful prairie. "Who will say that the
Mormon Prophet is not among the great spirits of the
age?
" The Mormons number, in Europe and America, about
one hundred and fifty thousand, and are constantly pouring
into Nauvoo and the neighboring country. There are prob-
ably in and about this city and adjacent territories, not far
from thirty thousand of these warlike fanatics, this place
having been settled by them only three years ago."
Notwithstanding the public denial of the spiritual wife
dogma, the heads of the church had secretly taught and
practiced it. These irregularities attracted the attention
Condition op Mobmonism. 44.*>
of Emma, the wife of Joseph, and to pacify her, he had a
u revelation " justifying and authorizing it. This was July
1 2, 1 843. But this " revelation " was soon whispered about,
and scandals followed. Joseph had made advances to so
many married and single women, whose virtue was proof
against his inspired lechery, that he was denounced, and a
schism and tumult arose among his own people. The wives
of Dr. Foster and William Law were conspicuous, as having
resisted the embraces of Joseph. Their husbands publicly
renounced Mormonism, and established the " Expositor" a
newspaper, in opposition to Smith. This was boldly done
at Nauvoo. The first number gave the affidavits of six-
teen women, who had been thus approached by Joseph,
Rigdon, and others, with offers of spiritual marriages with
themselves, respectively.
But Joseph was not likely to tolerate opposition within
his own stronghold. The office of the "Expositor" was
destroyed, including the building and press. Law and Fos-
ter fled to Carthage, the county seat, and obtained wan ants
for the arrest of the heads of the church, and others, —
eighteen in all. The execution of the warrant was resisted,
and the officers of justice driven out of the city. The
military power of the county was invoked, and civil war
was inaugurated by the arming of the Mormons.
The wonderful foresight of the " prophet," which was
never at fault, suggested to him the necessity of an isolated
home for his people. He was already on the way, in com-
pany with Hiram, to seek out such a place among th<' moun-
tains when the specious letter of hi3 wife Emma, over-
446 Rise, Progress, and Present
took and called him back, — and in obeying it, he made the
first fatal mistake of his life, judged from his point of view,
— except in the matter of polygamy, perhaps.
The brothers returned, and submitted to arrest, and were
taken to the Carthage jail, with others.
An otherwise reliable account, says, "the governor of
the State persuaded the two Smiths to surrender, and take
their trial." But the previous statement is now well au-
thenticated.
The people of Missouri had neither forgotten nor for-
given the Mormons, and were mainly instrumental in incit-
ing the mob, which, on the 27th of June, 1844, made an
attack upon the jail, and after overpowering the guard, shot
Joseph and Hiram. The Smiths died manfully. Joseph
defended himself with his revolver, as long as the bullets
in his " carnal weapon " were available ; and then fell dead,
in the act of leaping from the window. He was heroic in
a sense seldom allied to meanness or deception ; and yet,
all the circumstances of his death, as well as his life, clearly
attest the cheat, — but he was one of no ignoble order.
The Governor of Illinois acknowledged he had given his
official pledge for the protection and safety of the prisoners ;
and was actually on his way to Carthage, with a military
force, when he heard of the outrage.
The shooting of the brothers Smith was murder, if that
is not too brave a name for an act so craven and cowardly.
Confusion at first succeeded the death of Joseph. Few
recognized in Mormonism the strength to survive the loss
of its "prophet." But this was a mistake. The elders
Condition of Mormonism. 447
acted with great discretion. They wisely counselled peac-
able measures. The people of Carthage expected an attack
from Nauvoo, but this was disclaimed. Their published
addresses to the saints, at home and abroad, evinced remark-
able wisdom and self-respect.
This seems to have been the critical period in the history
of Mormonism, and the question promptly resolved itself
into this, viz : On whom the mantle of the " prophet " was
to fall.
But the issue was met by the assembled magnates with
resolution and sagacity.
Sidney Rigdon assumed the functions of the "prophet"
as of right ; and had a " revelation " directing the saints to
repair to Pittsburgh, Pa. He had many and strong claims.
He had originated Mormonism, and made polygamy a part
of it. He had apparently been recognized by Joseph, and
had seen visions, and received " revelations." He had in
his custody, important secrets, which he threatened to di-
vulge.
But, on the other hand, he was unpopular. He never
had the confidence of the people ; nor held that myste-
rious key by which he could unlock, at will, the wond. n ful
fountain of Mormon enthusiasm, and hence, was not the
proper successor of Joseph ; and above all, he was not re-
spected among the elders. He was distrust, d.
When Joseph had thundered and ruled by maje-ti.-
! at ions," Sidney had blustered indiscreetly, or resorted
to unmanly tricks. He had no elevated faith. The history
of in. n and of ean-es, disclose the hopeful and important
448 Rise, Progress, and Present
fact, that the element of faith, — though mistaken, — is neces-
sary to any measure of success, in ruling men.
Rigdon was put upon trial, and cut off from the faithful,
and " handed over to the devil, ' to be buffeted in the flesh
for a thousand years.' "
Brigham Young was elected by the same assembly,
" First President," and invested with the " keys." These
two measures saved Mormonism.
Rigdon immediately withdrew, and has since maintained a
studied reticence, which goes far to vindicate his claim to
some discretion.
Brigham's first circular letter to the saints fixed his
status ; it was calm, hopeful, practical, and masterly.
But nothing could bring reconciliation with the " Gen-
tiles." It was evident the Mormons must leave.
The charter of Nauvoo was repealed by the legislature
of Illinois in 1845.
In the midst of all these complications, the Mormons
gave a sublime example of faith.
Joseph had predicted the completion of the temple. In
order to the fulfillment of this " revelation," the Mormons
made unheard-of exertions ; and succeeded, even to the
last ornament, and to the dedication. The approaching
exodus had been delayed for this purpose.
In the winter of 184G, the movement commenced. It is
stated, upon seeming good authority, that this was under a
stipulation between the State government and the Mor-
mons, that hostilities should be mutually suspended ; and
Condition op Mormon ism. 441 >
time given those who remained at Nauvoo, to sell their
property, under the State protection.
The van-guard established "stakes" at various points
along the route, and a main one at Council Bluffs ; and
in the spring, put in crops for the coming swarms. There
is no proof to justify the suspicion, which gained currency
in Illinois, that the Mormons intended to hold Nauvoo; but
to the contrary.
But, without justification, and in violation of State faith,
the militia drove the defenceless men, women, and children
from their homes, in September, of this year, at the point
of the bayonet, after having actually " bombarded the city
for three days."
While these atrocities, alike humiliating to our common
humanity, and to the State of Illinois, were being visited
upon the weak and defenceless ones in the rear, the heads
of the church, under the astonishing leadership of the new
" prophet," were preparing to found a city, and an empire,
in tfae wilderness.
Brigham Young arrived, with a company of followers, at
Utah, on the 24th of July, 1847 ; and the great body of the
saints, in the fall, 1848.
Lands were surveyed, and put under cultivation, and
Great Salt Lake City was founded; and then followed an
era of enterprises and successes, as wonderful as they were
anomalous and contradictory.
While the people Mtabtiflhod ,; -takes " in every direction,
and subdued and Irrigated the land for cultivation, and
built up the city, and the temple, and established mills, and
450 Rise, Progress, and Present
shops, and stores, and all available industries, under the
personal direction of the ever-watchful bishops, missionary
corps were organized for foreign lands, under the seventies,
and an emigration fund established, which resulted in a
swarming emigration to Utah, from all parts of Europe.
It is noticeable, that a committee of the British Parlia-
ment has recognized the wisdom of the Mormon system
of emigration, by consulting with the managers of it, in
England. From the moment the new converts, — mainly
from the working classes, — leave their homes, until they
reach, and are settled at the " stake," or upon the little farm
to which they are assigned in Utah, they are under a regu-
larly organized system of government and police, — by
which the percentage of casualties, and cost of trans-
portation are greatly lessened, and health and cleanliness
secured.
So early as March, 1849, a convention was held at Great
Salt Lake Gity, for the organization of a State, which was
done under the name of " Deseret," — said by the Mormons
to mean " the land of the honey bee."
Congress refused to accept the constitution which was
adopted ; but erected the country into a territory, in Sep-
tember, of that year ; and President Filmore appointed
Brigham Young its governor.
But troubles soon intervened.
The judges were driven out of the territory by the
" prophet " governor ; and the latter was removed by the
President, and Col. Steptoe, of the U. S. Army, put in his
place. He arrived in Utah, with his command, in August,
Condition op Mormonism. 451
1854, but by reason of its smallness, perhaps, he deemed it
not prudent to assume the functions of his oilice , and conse-
quently, after wintering there, went to California with his
troops.
The effect of this mis-judgment, or mistaken armament,
was unfortunate. From that day to this, the Mormon
" prophet " has successfully defied or outwitted the federal
authorities.
When gone, a " revelation " gave the credit of the de-
parture to Brigham, and everything tended to consolidate
his people.
Brigham said in a sermon, after the departure of Col.
Steptoe : u I am, and will be governor, and no power can
hinder it, until the Lord Almighty says, * Brigham, you
need not be governor any longer.' "
In February, 1856, Judge Drummond, of the U. S. Dis-
trict Court, was driven from the bench by an armed Mor-
mon mob, at the instigation of the heads of the church, and
he was forced to adjourn his court.
All the United States officers, except the Indian Agents,
were forced to leave the territory.
Other outrages, both public and private, characterized
this period, many of which are given in the foregoing nar-
rativ.-.
Things were in this condition until the spring of 1857,
when Alfred Cumming, superintendent of Indian affairs on
the Upper Missouri, was made Governor of Utah by Mr.
Iiui-lianan , an<l .Judge Eckles, of Indiana, Chief Ju>ti«v.
Col. Sidney A. Johnson, afterwards a Confederate General,
452 Rise, Progress, and Present
and killed, while in command, at the great battle of Shiloh,
was sent with a force of 2,500 men for their protection.
The expedition was fitted out with some show of good
faith and efficiency, and civilization took note of the event.
It was September before the army reached the confines of
Utah, and was not joined by Col. Johnson until it was over-
taken by the snows of approaching winter. But on^ the 5th
and 6th of October previously, the supply-train had been
attacked by a party of mounted Mormons ; and soon after,
eight hundred oxen were cut off from the rear, and actually
driven into Salt Lake City. These were daring acts of
war, — enough it would seem, to have justified war meas-
ures.
The army went into winter quarters in the middle of No-
vember at Ford Bridger, and on the 27th, Governor Cum-
ming issued his proclamation, declaring the territory to be
in a state of rebellion.
But this was just before the great slave-holder's rebellion,
when no opportunity was to be lost, by which that cause
could to be served.
Thomas L. Kane, of Pennsylvania, who, although he had
been with the Mormons during the exodus, never had been
able to discover them to be other than excellent saints, and
most worthy citizens, and had rendered them essential ser-
vice, by lecturing in their behalf on the Atlantic coast, now
came again to their succor. He arrived in Utah in the
spring, with letters from President Buchanan, and suc-
ceeded in bringing the belligerent " saints," and the gov-
Condition of Mormonism. 453
ernor, sent to subdue them, into relations of harmony and
pleasant fellowship.
Mr. Kane was hotly pursued by two "peace commis-
sioners," who arrived as early as the end of May, bearing
from the President of the United States a proclamation,
" offering pardon to all Mormons who would submit to fed-
eral authority." The bearers of this " grace of pardon,"
were Gov. Powell, of Kentucky, and Maj. McCulloch, of
Texas. Before these gentlemen had arrived at the camp,
Mr. Kane had hurried on to the Mormon capital, and thus
was in time to secure a reconciliation, the conditions of
which were accepted by the heads of the church.
With becoming consideration for a " subdued people," the
army was stationed forty miles away from the capital, where
it remained until the spring of 1860, when it was with-
drawn.
During the long winter, when Col. Johnson's army was
hedged in by impassable snows, at Fort Bridger, — living upon
short rations, — the Mormon people were exultant and hope-
ful. They trusted in the " prophet," and echoed his spirit
and words, and nothing could harm them. Brigham has
exhibited the rare union of reckless daring with the subtlest
prudence. He recognizes a point beyond which he may
not go, — which Joseph failed to do. Though lacking the
lion-like personal courage of the first " prophet," he is nev-
< nh< less, his equal, and more, in moral heroism; and in the
mysterious control he exercises over his people.
The following letter is an illustration of Mormon feeling
at this time. It was written from Utah while the army
454 Rise, Progress, and Present
was in winter-quarters ; and has been singularly verified as
a prediction of the then coming rebellion.
This is the letter.
LETTER PROM SALT LAKE CITY.
The Providence Journal publishes a letter from one of the Mormon
women at Salt Lake City, written to her daughter in Rhode Island,
from which we take an extract to show the strength and character of
the delusion that prevails in Utah. Different from Mrs. Smith, whose
narrative of Mormon life has just been published, she seems to have
the most complete faith in Brigham Young, and to live contented
under his rule. She describes her situation there as very comfort-
able, and writes with full confidence of the security of the saints
under the protection of the prophet ; she scouts the idea that they
can be harmed by the United States troops. She says :
" I expect you have heard the loud talk of Uncle Sam's* great big
army coming up to kill the saints. Now if you did but know how the
saints rejoice at the folly of the poor Gentiles. There are about four
thousand on the border of our territory, with six hundred wagons, —
one naked mule to draw them, — all the rest having died. The men
are sitting in the snow, about a hundred and fifteen miles from us,
living on three crackers a day, and three-quarters of a pound of beef
a week. Thus you see the old prophet's words are fulfilled, — ' who-
ever shall fight against Zion shall perish. The time is very near
when one man shall chase a thousand, and ten shalljmt ten thousand
to flight/ Zion is free ; she is hid in one of the chambers of the
Lord. We are a free people. We do not fear Uncle Sam's soldiers.
We only fear our Father in Heaven. We are learning his command-
ments, every day, from his prophet, and I am determined to keep
them. If you were here, and could hear the prophet's voice, as I do,
and hear the lion of the Lord roar from the mountains, as I do, and
know how near the scourge of the Lord is upon the Gentiles, you
would flee to the mountains with haste. The time has come when
the Lord has called all the elders home, and commanded them to
bind up the law and seal the testimony. They are now coming home
as fast as possible. What comes next 1 The judgment, hail storm,
thunder, lightning, pestilence, war ; and they that will not take up
the sword against their neighbor, must flee to Zion for safety. Will
you come, oh ! my dear children"? "
Condition of Mormonism. 455
During the war for the suppression of the great rebellion,
the Mormons were in a measure overlooked ; but since then,
the public attention has been especially turned in that
direction, by the continuance of violence, and by the in-
<l facilities of travel, — the Pacific Railroad having
brought Utah to our doors ; — and by the writings of numer-
ous tourists, attracted thither by these new conditions, which
have already disturbed, and threaten further, the isolation
of the " saints."
While many distinguished citizens have availed them-
selves of the opportunity of looking silently in upon Salt
Lake, and upon her exceptional social system, it has been
only by the grace and forbearance of the " prophet," and
of his people.
Visitors have been made to comprehend, that Utah was
not common ground, nor polygamy a debatable subject.
No traveler has presumed to tell the Mormon elders, "face
to face," what the outside world's opinion of them was, until
lately ; but this has come at length, in a peculiarly impres-
sive and authoritative way.
On the 5th of October, 1869, the Vice President and his
traveling party found themselves at Salt Lake City, and
having been called out, Mr. Colfax made, — from the portico
of the Towns. -ml House, — one of those well-poised, and
closely reasoned speeches, for which he is widely distin-
;_miM)'-<1.
opportunity, — and the fearless, but kindly man mi
of embracing it, were as anomalous, as the strange people
he addressed ; — while, as a statesman, he uttered the com-
456 Rise, Progress, and Present
mon sentiment ; and as a leader, pointed a way the politi-
cian maynot again blunder or " compromise."
It will be seen, ante p. 248, what happened in 1853,
when a Judge of the United States attempted to " interfere
with the affairs of our Zion ; " — and the Springfield Repub-
lican, of the 15 th of the same month, — the accomplished
editor of which, was one of the Vice, President's party, —
indicates that violence was apprehended on this occasion.
It says :
" Such a speech ought not to be considered unexpected or
remarkable in any public man visiting that territory, and
observing the peculiar features of its polity. That it was
so regarded there by both Gentiles and Mormons, — that his
friends felt doubtful of his being permitted to express such
sentiments in that presence, and anxious for his personal
safety afterward, — is the best illustration that perhaps could
be given of the character of the rule of Brigham Young
and his associates, and the feeling that it has inspired in
that community. * * * No public man has ever said
anything like this before, while on a visit to Utah ; and it
had come almost to be thought that no public man would
dare thus to attack the distinguishing features of the civil-
ization that has grown so bold and aggressive on that
theater. * * . * Mr. Colfax's words will have a wider"
welcome than lip^ dare utter in Utah."
The following is the principal part of the speech, as
copied from the same paper :
Condition op Mormonism. 457
THE VICE-PRESIDENT IN UTAH. — MR. COLFAX'S SPEECH AGAINST
POLYGAMY IN 8ALT LAKE CITY. — THE TRUTH TOLD
TO THE MORMONS FACE TO FACE.
Fellow Citizens : — I come hither in response to your call to
thank the band from Camp Douglas for the serenade with which they
have honored me, and to tender my obligations to the thousands before
me, for having come from their homes and places of business " to
speed the parting guest."
As I stand before you, to-night, my thoughts go back to the first
view I ever had of Salt Lake City, four years ago last June. After
traveling with my companions, Gov. Bross and Mr. Bowles, who are
with me again, and Mr. Richardson, whose absence we have all re-
gretted, over arid plains, and alkali valleys, and barren mountains,
day after day, our stage coach emerged from a canon one morning,
and we looked down upon your city, covering miles in its area, with
its gardens green with fruit trees and shrubbery, and the Jordan,
flashing in the sun beyond. And when, after stopping at Camp
Douglas, which overlooks your city, to salute the flag of our country,
and to honor the officers and soldiers who keep watch and wai d over
it at this distant post, we drove down with your common council to
the city, and saw its wide streets, and the streams which irrigate your
gardens, rippling down all of them in their pebbly beds, I felt indeed
that you had a right to regard it as a Palmyra in the desert.
********
I am gratified too, that our present visit occurred at the same time
with your territorial fair, enabling us to witness your advance in the
various branches of industry.
********
I have enjoyed the opportunity, also, of visiting your tabernacle,
erected since I was here before, the largest building in which religious
services arc held on the continent, and of listening to your organ,
constructed here, which, in its mammoth size, its volume of sound,
and sweetness of tone, would compare favorably with any in the
largest cities in the Union. Nor did I feel any the less interest on
my present, than on my former visit, in listening to your leading men
in their places of worship, as they expounded and defended tin ir
faith and practii e, because that faith and practice differed so widely
from my own. Believing in free speech, as all of us should, I listened
attentively, respectfully, and courteously, to what failed to convince
my mind, and you will fkmbtfcfl hear me with equal patience, while
I tell you frankly wherein we differ.
20
458 Rise, Progress, and Present
But first let me say that I have no strictures to utter as to your
creed on any really religious question. Our land is a land of civil
and religious liberty, and the faith of every man is a matter between
himself and God alone. You have as much right to worship the
Creator through a president and twelve apostles of your church or-
ganization as I have through the ministers and elders and creed of
mine. And this right I would defend for you with as much zeal as
the right of every other denomination throughout the land. But our
country is governed by law, and no assumed revelation justifies any
one in trampling on the law. If it did, every wrong-doer would use
that argument to protect himself in his disobedience to it. The con-
stitution declares, in the most emphatic language, that that instru-
ment and the laws made in conformity thereto, shall be the supreme
law of the land. Whether liked or disliked, they bind the forty mil-
lions of people who are subject to that supreme law. If any one
condemns them as unconstitutional, the courts of the United States
are open, before which they can test the question. But, till they are
decided to be in conflict with the constitution, they are binding upon
you in Utah as they are on me in the District of Columbia, or on the
citizens of Idaho and Montana. Let me refer now to the law of 1862
against which you especially complain, and which you denounce Con-
gress for enacting. It is obeyed in the other territories of the United
States, or if disobeyed its violation is punished. It is not obeyed
here, and though you often speak of the persecutions to which you
were subject in the earlier years of your church, you cannot but ac-
knowledge that the conduct of the government and the people of the
United States towards you, in your later years, has been one of tol-
eration, which you could not have realized in any other of the civil-
ized nations of the world.
I do not concede that the institution you have established here, and
which is condemned by the law, is a question of religion. But to
you who do claim it as such,. I reply, that the law you denounce,
only re-enacts the original prohibitions of your own Book of Mor-
mon, on its 118th page,* and your Book of Doctrines and Covenants,
* The Book of Mormon denounces David and Solomon for having
" many wives and concubines, which thing was abominable before me
saith the Lord." " Wherefore I, the Lord God, will not suffer that this
people shall do like unto them of old. Wherefore, my brethren, hear me
and hearken to the word of the Lord ; for there shall not any man
among you have save but one wife, and concubines he shall have none,
for I, the Lord, delighteth in the chastity of women."
Condition op Mormonism. 459
in its chapter on marriage ; and these are the inspired records, as you
claim them, on which your church was organized.
The Book of Mormon, on the same page, speaks twice of the con-
duct of David and Solomon, as " a grosser crime," and those who
follow their practice as "waxing in iniquity." The Book of Doc-
trines and Covenants is the discipline and creed of their church ; and
in its chapter on marriage, it declares, that as the Mormon church
has been charged with the crimes of fornication and of polygamy, it
is avowed as the law of the church, that a man shall have but one
wife, and a woman but one husband, till death shall part them.
I know you claim that a subsequent revelation annulled all this ;
but I use these citations to show you that the congressional law, which
you denounce, only enacted what was the original and publicly pro-
claimed and printed creed on which your church was founded. And
yet, while you assume that this later revelation gives you the right to
turn your back on your old faith, and to disobey the law, you would
not yourselves tolerate others in assuming rights for themselves, un-
der revelations they might claim to have received, or under religions
they might profess. The Hindoos claim, as part of their religion, the
right to burn widows with the dead bodies of their husbands. If they
were to attempt it here, as their religion, you would prevent it by
force. If a new revelation were to be proclaimed here, that the strong
men should have the right to take the wives of the weaker men, that
the learned men should take the wives of the unlearned, that the
rich men should take the wives of the poor, that those who were
powerful and influential should have the right to command the labor
and the service of the humbler, as their bond-slaves, you would spurn
it, and would rely upon the law and the power of the United States
to protect you.
But you argue that it is a restraint on individual freedom ; and
that it concerns only yourselves. Yet you justify these restraints on
individual freedom in every thing else. Let me prove this to you.
If a man came here and sought to establi>h a liquor saloon on Tem-
ple street without license, you would justify your common council,
which is your munieipal congress, in suppi-e^in- it !>y lone, ami pun-
ishing the offender besides. Another one comes here and say ^ that
he will pursue his legitimate avocation of bone-boiling on a lot in the
heart of your city. You would expect your council to prevent it, and
why ? Because you believe it would be offensive to society and to the
people around him. Ami still another says, that as an American
citizen, he will establish a j>owdcr-mill on a lot he has purchased, next
460 Rise, Progress, and Present
door to this hotel, where we have been so hospitably entertained.
You would demand that this should be prevented, because it was ob-
noxious to the best interests of the community. I might use other
illustrations as to personal conduct which you would insist should be
restrained, although it fettered personal freedom, and the wrong-doer
might say only concerned himself. But I have adduced sufficient to
justify Congress in an enactment they deemed wise for the whole
people for whom they legislated. And I need not go further to ad-
duce other arguments as to the elevation of woman ; for my purpose
has been in these remarks, to indicate the right of Congress to pass
the law, and to insist on obedience to it.
One thing I must allude to, personal to myself. The papers have
published a discourse delivered last April by your highest ecclesias-
tical authority, which stated that the President and Vice-President
of the United States were both gamblers and drunkards. (Voices in
the crowd, " He did not say so.") I had not heard before that it was
denied ; but am glad to hear the denial now. Whether denied or
not, however, I did not intend to answer railing with railing, nor
personal attack with invective. I only wished to state publicly in
this city, where the charge is said to have been made, that it was
utterly untrue as to President Grant ; and as to myself, that I never
gambled to the value of a farthing, and have been a total abstinence
man all the years of my manhood. However I may differ on political
questions or others from any portion of my countrymen, no one has
ever truthfully assailed my character. I have valued a good charac-
ter far more than political reputation or official honors, and wish to
preserve it unspotted while life shall last
A few words more and I must conclude. When our party visited
you four years ago, we all believed that, under wise counsels, your city
might become the great city of the interior. But you must allow me
to say that you do not seem to have improved these opportunities as
you might have done. What you should do to develope the advan-
tages your position gives you, seems obvious. You should encourage,
and not discourage, competition in trade. You should welcome, and
not repel, investments from abroad. You should discourage every
effort to drive capital from your midst.* You should rejoice at the
* By order of the church all Mormon stores, shops, etc., have a
sign inscribed, " Holiness to the Lord; Zion's Co-operative Mercan-
tile Institution ; " and the members of the church are instructed to
trade there only. The result is that many Gentile establishments
have closed up and removed elsewhere. A few, with large capital,
still remain, but with diminished business.
Condition op Mormonism. 461
opening of every new store, or factory, or mechanic shop, by whom-
soever conducted. You should seek to widen the area of country de-
pendent on your city for supplies. You should realize that wealth
will come to you only by development, by unfettered competition, by
increased capital.
Before the completion of the railroad, your isolation could be main-
tained. Now, however, you are brought into close juxtaposition with
the remainder of the nation and with the civilization of the continent.
You can persist in the policy you have adopted, but if you do, the
only result will be to dwarf and destroy your own prosperity and to
build up the rival cities near you that pursue a truer and wiser policy.
You will decrease and they will increase; and you will have no one
to blame but yourselves.
Here I must close. I have spoken to you face to face, frankly,
truthfully, fearlessly. I have said nothing but for your own good.
Let me counsel you once more to obedience to the law, and thanking
you for the patient hearing you have given me, and for the hospital-
ities our party have received, both from Mormon and Gentile citizens,
I bid you all good night and good-bye.
This timely and unexpected utterance of Mr. Colfax has
been well received by the country. It has put into earnest,
unwarped words, the popular will.
It is the rugged statement of the national faith, touching
its relations to " revealed " polygamy.
But not less unexpected, has been the result in Utah,
where it seems to have broken the spell of the " prophet's"
authority, and thrown his people into the wildest excite-
ment.
The advent of a schism, and of newspapers to support it,
are already announced.
But, on the other hand, the Mormon magnates do not
yield the argument The "prophet" stands his ground.
One of the leading minds among the elders, and his ableft
urit.-r, has been called in to answer Mr. Colfax; and this
462 Rise, Progress, and Present
brief account of Mormonism cannot be otherwise more fit-
tingly closed, than by giving it in full.
The following letter of John Taylor is copied from the
JV. T. Semi-Weekly Tribune, of November 19, 1869.
A MORMON'S REPLY TO MK. COLFAX.
To the Editor of the Tribune:
Sir : — I have read with a great deal of interest the speech of the
Hon. Schuyler Colfax, delivered in Salt Lake City, October 5th, con-
taining strictures on our institutions, wherein there is an apparent
faith and sincerity manifested. Permit me, sir, to make the following
remarks. Mr. Colfax says :
" I have no strictures to offer as to your creed, on any really re-
ligious question. Our land is a land of civil and religious liberty,
and the faith of every man is a matter between himself and God.
You have as much right to worship the Creator through a President
and Twelve Apostles of your Church organization, as I have through
the Ministers, and Elders, and creed of mine, and this right I would
defend for you, with as much zeal as the right of every other denom-
ination throughout the land."
This, certainly, is magnanimous and even-handed justice, and the
sentiments do honor to their utterer. They are sentiments that ought
to be engraved on the heart of every American citizen. He con-
tinues :
" But our country is governed by law, and no assumed revelation
justifies any one in trampling on the law."
That our country is governed by law we all admit, but when it is
said that no " assumed revelation justifies any one in trampling on
the law," I would respectfully ask : What, not if it interferes with
my religious faith, which you state "is a matter between myself and
God alone 1 " The assumed revelation referred to, is one of the most
vital points of our religious faith ; it emanates from God, and cannot
be legislated away ; it is part of the " everlasting covenant " which
God has given to man. Mr. Colfax continues :
" I do not concede that the institution you have established here,
and which is condemned by the law, is a question of religion."
Now, I think that if Mr. Colfax had carefully examined our re-
ligious faith, he would have arrived at other conclusions. In the ab-
sence of this I might ask : Who constituted Mr. Colfax a judge of
Condition of Mormonism. 463
my religious faith ? Mr. Colfax ha9 a perfect right to state and feel
that he does not believe the revelation on which my religious faith is
based, nor in my faith at all ; but has he the right to dictate my re-
ligious faith 1 I think not. He does not consider it religion. It is
nevertheless mine. If a revelation from God is not a religion, what
is it ! His not believing it is from God makes no difference. I
know it.
" But to you who do claim it as such I reply, that the law you de-
nounce only re-enacts the original prohibition of your own Book of
Mormon, on its 118th page, and your Book of Doctrine and Cove-
nants, in its chapter on Marriage."
In regard to the latter of these, I would state that it was only con-
sidered a portion of the discipline of our Church, and was never
looked upon as a revelation. It was published in the appendix to
the Book of Doctrine and Covenants long before the revelation con-
cerning celestial marriage was given. That, of course, superseded
the former. The quotation from the Book of Mormon given by Mr.
Colfax is only partly quoted I cannot blame the gentleman for this ;
he has too many engagements to carefully examine our doctrines. I
suppose this was handed to him ; had he read a little further he would
have found it stated " For I will, saith the Lord of Hosts, raise up
seed unto me, I will command my people; otherwise they shall
hearken unto these things." In answer to this I say, the Lord has
commanded it, and we obey the command. I again quote :
" And yet while you assume that this later revelation gives you
the right to turn your back on your old faith and to disobey the law,
you would not, yourselves, tolerate others in assuming rights for
themselves under revelations they might claim to have received, or
under religions they might profess."
Mr. Colfox is misinformed here. All religions are tolerated with
us, and all revelations, or assumed revelations. We take the liberty
of disbelieving some of them, but none are interfered with ; and in
relation to turning our back on our old religion, we have never done
it.
Concerning our permitting the Hindoos to burn their widows, it in
difficult to say what we should do. I hope, however, that we shall
not be condemned for crimes we are expected to commit. It will be
time enough to atone for them when done. We do acknowledge hav-
ing lately started co-operative stores. We think wo have a light to
buy and sell ot, and to whom, we please. We do not int«rnij»t others
in selling, if they can get customers. We are certainly rigid in the
464 Rise, Progress, and Present
enforcement of law against theft, gambling, drunkenness, debauchery,
and other civilized vices. Is this a crime 1 If so, we plead guilty.
Mr. Colfax says that we complain of persecution. Have we not cause
to do it 1 Can we call our treatment by a milder term ? Was it
benevolence that robbed, pillaged, and drove thousands of men,
women, and children from Missouri 1 Was it Christian philanthropy,
that, after robbing, plundering, and ravaging a whole community,
drove them from Illinois into the wilderness among savages ? Did
Government make any amends for these outrages, or has it ever done
so % Is it wrong to call this persecution ? We have learned to our
cost " that the king can do no wrong." Having said so much in re-
gard to Mr. Colfax's speech, let me now address a few words to Con-
gress and to the nation. And first, let me inquire into the law itself,
enacted in 1862. The revelation on polygamy was given in 1843,
nineteen years before the passage of the Congressional act. We, as
a people, believe that revelation is true, and came from God. This
is our religious belief ; and, right or wrong, it is still our belief. The
Constitution is to protect me in my religious faith, and other persons
in theirs, as I understand it. It does not prescribe a faith for me or
any one else, or authorize others to do it, not even Congress. Now,
who does not know that the law of 1862, in relation to polygamy,
was passed on purpose to interfere with our religious faith 1
We are told that we are living in a more enlightened age. Our
morals are more pure (?), our ideas more refined and enlarged, our
institutions more liberal. "Ours," says Mr. Colfax, "is a land of
civil and religious liberty, and the faith of every man is a matter be-
tween himself and God alone," — provided God does not shock our
moral ideas by introducing something that we don't believe in. If
He does, let Him look out. We won't persecute — very far be that
from us — but we will make our platforms, pass Congressional laws,
and make you submit to them. We may, it is true, have to send out
an army and shed the blood of many ; but what of that ? It is so
much more pleasant to be proscribed and killed, according to the laws
of the great Republic, in " the asylum for the oppressed," than to
perish ignobly by the decrees of kings, through their miserable min-
ions, in the barbaric ages. Let me here respectfully ask : Is there
not plenty of scope for the action of Government at home 1 What
of your gambling hells 1 What of your gold rings, your whisky
rings, your railroad rings, manipulated through the lobby into your
Congressional rings % What of that great moral curse of the land —
Condition of Mormonism. 465
that great institution of monogamy — Prostitution ? What of its twin
sister — Infanticide ?
We can teach you a lesson, polygamist as we are. You acknowl-
edge one wife and her children. What of your associations unac-
knowledged 1 We acknowledge and maintain ail our wives and all
of our children. We don't keep a few only, and turn the others out
as outcasts, to be provided for by orphan asylums, or turned as vaga-
bonds on the street, to help increase the fearfully growing evil ; our
actions are all honest, open, and above board. We have no gambling
hell ; no drunkenness ; no infanticide ; no houses of assignation ; no
prostitutes. Our wives are not afraid of our intrigues and debauch-
cry ; nor are our wives and daughters corrupted by designing and
unprincipled villians. I am sure you would not, on reflection, reverse
the order of God and exchange the sobriety, the chastity, the virtue
and honor of our institutions, for yours that are so debasing, dishon-
orable, corrupting, defaming, and destructive ? We have fled from
these things, and with great trouble and care have purged ourselves
from your evils ; don't try to legislate them upon us, nor seek to en-
gulf us in your vices.
John Taylor.
Salt Lake City, November 2, 1869.
*' I know it," says John Taylor ; and we are willing to
go to the people with him, upon his own argument ; mean-
time, calling attention to the " twin-sister, — infanticide," by
the following :
The Corinne (Utah) Reporter says of an item from the New York
Evening Post, relating to the mortality among tin- jfottttOM i " We
are sorry to say that the Post's information is too true in regard to
the mortality among Mormon children. It is not, hoUWW, v» i y well
informed, or else wishes to draw it very mild, for insti ad of some of
the bosses of large harems, like IIcUt Kimball's, burying only forty-
eight children, we can show the Post polygamous graveyards of one
family, as they call them here, that will foot up nearer one hundred
and forty-eight. As this is certainly the healthiest I -Innate known to
tourist and explorers, equalized and modified as it is, the year round,
by the salutary influences of the Great Salt Lake, it is an easy mat-
ter to point to this mortality evil— it is polygamy, and nothing else.
— .V Y Tntmm, January 18,1870.
466 Rise, Progress, and Present
At the moment of going to press, several current topics,
which have been by necessity crowded out of the foregoing
brief sketch, for want of available space, seem to demand,
at least, a passing notice here.
It has already been mentioned, that very recent events
at the Mormon capital indicate the existence of agitation,
and of a growing schism in the church. The later accounts
indicate a very high state of excitement among the adhe-
rents of Mormonism, as well as the " Gentile " population,
by which business was at one time mainly suspended.
The schismatics are under the leadership of Messrs. Har-
rison and Godbe, both of whom have been promptly cut off
from the church ; and they in turn, have established a paper,
and organized a " liberal " movement, which addresses itself
to the Mormons themselves.
The following, from the N, Y. Tribune, of December
1, 18 6*9, indicates its nature :
" The persons who head the liberal cause in Utah propose to issue
a new paper to be called the Mormon Tribune, publishing the same
every Saturday at Salt Lake City. The Tribune will aim to break
down bigotry and fanaticism, and to foster ideas in harmony with the
spirit of the age, and of course in direct opposition to polygamy."
Ordinarily, these altered conditions would be accepted
hopefully ; but it is to be noted, that the " liberal " tendency
of the schism has only this extent : to bring Mormonism
into " harmony with the spirit of the age," — an admitted
absurdity. New " revelations " by those in opposition to
the " prophet " are already announced. Thus nothing is
gained in principle, since we have only a war of counter
" revelations."
Condition op Mormonism. 467
The civil laws which govern other communities, and other
communions, must set free the deluded victims in Utah.
" The gospel of the day," is the admirable speech of Vice
President Colfax, through which " the spirit of the age "
has found an intelligent utterance.
The need of legal protection to the women of Utah is
made sadly evident by a single incident which the newspa-
pers have widely mentioned ; in substance, as follows :
THE MORMON WOMEN IN COUNCIL.
The Mormon women held a mass meeting in the Tabernacle at
Salt Lake, on the 13th inst., to denounce the bill for the suppression
of polygamy introduced in Congress by Mr. Cullom. About three
thousand women attended, and all the proceedings were conducted by
the sex. One of their number presided, and a round dozen of them
made speeches sharply condemning the Cullom bill as an infring* -
ment on their right to choose their own husbands, and exercise the
religion which their judgments approved. Polygamy was stoutly de-
fended as of divine commandment. A series of resolutions emlxxlv-
ing these ideas was adopted, though it is said many of those present
did not vote either way. The gathering was conspicuous for the al>-
scncc of young women, and the lively demonstrations of numerous
babies, whose outcries nearly drowned the voices of the oratresses at
times. — Amherst (Mass.) Record, January 27, 1870.
The most truthful and touching delineation given by Mis
Anna Dickinson, in her widely pouplar lecture, entitled]
"Whited Srjnilchres," now being delivered through t lies
country, is where she sets her true woman's heart and wits
:it work to get at the bottom of this very matter. She says
she went into their homes, and talked with the wife-plunili-
ties themselves, at polygamous firesides, and in all cases
their occupants said, with calm demeanor, and with seem-
ingly ^/ree tongues, they were satisfied with polygamy, with
468 Rise, Progress, and Present
their home relations, and believed in it ; would not change
it ; while the woman's heart, which could not lie, told a
different tale, through the eye, and in the tones, which no
true woman could fail to detect, and which Miss Dickinson
did detect. I write from memory, and do not profess to give
her language.
The public endorsement of polygamy, by the4 willing'Vie-
tims of it, thus described, were an easy thing for the " pro-
phet " to have managed ; and that this line of policy is
extended beyond the limits of Utah, is shown by the fol-
lowing :
The Deseret News published, a short time ago, a letter from a Mor-
mon woman traveling in the East, in which she said, " You would
shudder to hear of the impropriety that is going on between men and
women here, and boys even are boasting of their unholy deeds with
the other sex ; you would feel to glory that you are in Zion. Yes, it
is well named. I would not exchange my home and standing there.
All the people you meet here seem dead to all religion and the things
of God."
A correspondent of the Tribune, who was a member of the " Mor-
mon Zion " for many years, and now lives in Massachusetts, enters
a forcible protest against such statements, as follows : " I cannot
but say with one of old, ' Thou hypocrite.' Have you never heard
of anything in Utah to make you shudder 1 Is there no impurity
where a man marries grand-mother and grand-daughter ? For you
know there are many such cases in Utah ; and often they have but a
shanty with a single room where they all herd together. I could name
many ' green ' girls who have been deluded into marriage, and who
afterwards complained to Brigham Young, and obtained of him a
' divorce ' for $10, after he had himself ' sealed ' them for time and eter-
nity." The writer warns people against the missionaries who have
recently been sent over the country, and concludes : " I myself was
caught years ago and gathered into the fold, but was very glad to get
back to the people who this lady says are 'dead to religion and
the things of God.'" — New York Semi- Weekly Tribune, January
14, 1870.
Condition op Mormonism. 469
While this kind of discipline is being stamped upon a
crushed womanhood in Utah, the subtle genius which di-
rects that vast centralized power, is making extraordinary
efforts to organize further agencies to bring other victims
to his harems.
See the following :
" Two Mormon apostles are traveling in Massachusetts, trying to
make proselytes, and complain bitterly because Dr. Todd, who
preached in their temple, refuses to admit them to his pulpit. They
say they belong to a corps of two hundred missionaries sent hy Brig-
ham Young to States having more women than men." — Id., December
10, 1869.
And, —
" The Mormon bishops and elders arc making great exertions to
extend their faith in Long Island. A conference was begun at Hemp-
stead on Friday last, and was closed on Sunday." — Id., January 15*
1870.
What the Mormons are doing in Massachusetts and New
York, they are doing everywhere.
All this vast machinery is directed by a single mind, —
by Brigham Young, of whom Miss Dickinson makes the
statement : " he is the third largest depositor in the Bank
of England;* who controls the largest emigration fund in
the world; who, in the interest of that fund, took epntractl
for building the Railroad extensively, in both directions
from his dominion, and performed most of the labor through
the poor emigrants indebted to it. Whose emissaries ap-
peal to the poor, and homeless, and destitute, and ignorant,
and misguided of all lands, with the offer of a home, and a
free passage to it.
470 Rise, Progress, and Present
And on the other hand, it was Brigham Young, who,
through his trained assassins, disguised as Indians, did the
Mountain Meadow massacre ; and by whose order, William
Hickman, the disaffected leader of this band, has lately-
acknowledged he had committed over four hundred murders
in Utah.
And yet, while the little sinners of the land are pun-
ished, Brigham is treated with the consideration due a
" political offender ; " and while we organize powerful
agencies for the conversion of the heathen abroad, we neg-
lect to interpose an enlightened Christianity in behalf of
his victims at our doors.
There is much difference of statement as to the actual
Mormon strength. The sect claim to number in Utah from
80,000 to 100,000 ; but it is represented by other inhabitants
of the territory, as not greatly exceeding 50,000. They
have adherents scattered over the country in small num-
bers,— about 200 in and about New York ; and claim in
the old world a membership of 100,000, — mostly in Europe,
— but also scattered through Asia, Africa, Australia, and
Polynesia.
Utah has 65,000 square miles, or 41,600,000 acres, only
about 500,000 acres of which can be cultivated, even by
irrigation, — about one acre in eighty-three. It has 130
cities and villages, one of which, — Salt Lake, — has 20,000
inhabitants. It has 160,000 acres of land under cultiva-
tion, 94,000 of which is by irrigation, the water-rents for
which, — paid by the people to the heads of the church, —
Condition op Mormonism. 471
amount, annually, to $274,000. Of cultivated lands, 80,000
acres are in grain, 2,000 in sugar-cane, 6,800 in roots, 200
in cotton, 900 in orchards, 1,000 in peaches, 75 in grapes,
195 in currants, and 30,000 in grasses.
The Mormons claim to have expended in Utah, for canals
and similar works connected with irrigation, the sum of
$10,588,000 ; and nearly half that sum through its emigra-
tion fund; and $70,000 for the city hall at Salt Lake, and
both the city and territory are out of debt.
Of school districts, they claim to have 186, and 226
schools, and 18,000 children in them, with 306 teachers, for
which $61,000 is expended annually.
A canal is proposed, at a cost of half a million of dollars,
from Utah Lake to Salt Lake City, by which 50,000 acres
will be added to the productive lands of Utah, by irriga-
tion,— there being about 1 ,000 miles of canal for this pur-
pose, already constructed.
They have 150 grist and saw mills, three cotton and four
woolen factories, twenty-five tanneries, and other industries
in wonderful abundance and perfection.
The land surveys are made upon an uniform system ;
the first tiers, for village or city lots, of five acres, and
these, in the towns, into house lots of one and a quart • r
acres each. The next tier into lots of ten acres, and the
third twenty, and so on, up to forty acres, which is the
highest number of acres one man may own.
As the leading endeavor, in this hastily prepared history
of Mormonism, has been to bring the prominent facts of
472 Condition op Mormonism.
Mormonsim before the reading masses in a way to indicate
the work to be done, if this moral blight upon our institu-
tions is not to remain, marked attention has been given to
unusual sources of information ; and especially to the news-
papers, from which nothing, save a want of space, has pre-
vented more copious extracts.
HOME USE
CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT
MAIN LIBRARY
This book is due on the last date stamped below.
1 -month loans may be renewed by calling 642-3405.
6-month loans may be recharged by bringing books
to Circulation Desk.
Renewals and recharges may be made 4 days prior
to due date.
ALL BOOKS ARE SUBJECT TO RECALL 7 DAYS
AFTER DATE CHECKED OUT.
HIBYft 01974 7 0
f-
NOV 12 1982
REC.CIR. ,
LD2l-A30m-7,'73 General Library
(R2275sl0)476 — A-32 University of California
Berkeley
HHR * « UU "11 f^ili
LD 21A-60m-ip '65 Gene
(F77fe.)OBAniB D r" O-T University
BerK
WH 33S83
510r-91
•
'fc4l
UNIVERSITY OF CAUFORNIA UBRARY