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PRINCETON, N. J.
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Purchased by the Hamill Missionary Fund.
t iFTY Years in Amoy
OR
A History of the Amoy Mission,
CHINA.
FOUNDED FEBRUARY 24, 1842.
Under tlie Patronage of the Aiueik-aai Board of Coniniissioneo-s for
Foreign Missions from 1842-1857.
Transferred to the govermnent of the Board of Foreign
Missions of the Reformed (Dutch) CliurLh
in Americii in June. 1857.
BY F^. W. P^ITCFiKR,
]MJSSI0XA11Y 01'' THE REFORMED (DUTCH) CMLPvCH
AT AMOY, GHIXA.
PUBLISHED BY THE
BOARD OF PUBLICATION
OF TFIE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA,
25 EAST TWEXTY-SECOND STREET,
NEW YORK.
1893.
OP
Rev. J. V. N. TALMAGE, D.D., Veteran Missionary,
whose memory will ever remaiu fragTaut in the hearts of
those who had the pleasure of being co-laborers with
him, as well as in the hearts of those wlio walk with
Ood through the Word he preached unto them, this re-
view is most affectionately dedicated.
CONTENTS.
CilAFTEE I.
INTRODUCTION-A SURVEY OF THE WORK 9
CHAPTER II.
HISTORICAL. OUTLINE OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF
THE REFORMED (DUTCH) CHURCH 17
CHAPTER III.
HISTORY OF MISSIONS IN CHINA.... 21
CHAPTEK IV.
AMOY • 25
CHAPTER V.
KOLONGSU 44
CHAPTER VI.
THE DOORS OF AMOY OPENED.. 47
CHAPTEK VII.
IX)UNDING OF THE AMOY MISSION 58
CHAPTER VIII.
THE SUCCESSION OF MISSIONARIES 62
CHAPTER IX.
MISSIONARY METHODS AND AGENCIES 90
CHAPTER X.
THE CHURCH OF CHRIST IN CHINA 92
\y FIFTY YEARS IX AMOY.
ciiAPTEii xr.
THE xint: churches 9»
CHAPTER XI r.
THE BENEVOLENCE OF THE AMOY CH rUCHES 128
CHAPTER XII r.
TWO NOTABLE POLITICAL EVENTS 134
CHAPTER XIV.
MEDICAL WORK 161
CHAPTER XV.
EDUCATIONAL WORK 168
APPENDIX 200
INDEX .... 204
AUTHOR'S PREKACK.
Tlio purpose ol this little volume is, fii*st : To acquaint
the churches with a history of the origin and progress
of the Amoy Mission, China, and with some of tlie im-
portant politic-al events insepai*ably connected there-
with ; and, secondly- : To arouse a deeper interest in the
salvation of, and a deeper respect for, the people amongst
whom the Mission is established.
Its author would simply say tliat he has been led to
attempt this history for these two reiisons, viz :
(Ij Because no such history exists.
(2) Because the close of fifty years seems most oppor-
tune to record that history.
The volume claims to be nothing more than a plain
narration of facts that the autlior has gathered by a per-
sonal relation with the work, and such as he has been:
able to glean from the following sources : The Annual
Reports of General Synod of tJie Reformed Cliurch, the
"Missionary Herald, " Manual of the Reformed Qiurcli in
America, History of the Board of Commissioners for For-
eign Missions, 1842, William's Middle Kingdom, History
of the Insurrection in Qiina, the "Christian Intelli-
gencer," Annals of the American Reformed Dutch Pulpit,,
and other works mentioned herein.
The author feels under obligation to Revs. A. P. Van
Gieson, D. D., and Wm. Bancroft Hill, of Poughkeepsie,.
N. Y., for so generously placing their libraries at his
disposal, and to the former for otlier courtesies and help-
8 FIB^rV YEARS IN AMOV.
fill suggestions as well ; and to Rev. Win. Wurts, of
Berno, N. Y., for kind assistance in gathering personal
infoi'niation. Acknowledgments are also due to Rev.
Elbert Nevius, of Stnyvesant, N. Y. ; Rev. J. B. Drury,
D. D., Editor of the "Christian Intelligencer" ; Mr. Wm.
Adriance. of Elniira, N. \'., and to members of the Ainoy
Mission for ;i helping hand.
It is unfortunate that in tJie spelling of Chinese names
no harmonious system has been adopted by the Mission-
aries of China; the endeavor has therefore been made to
follow a system of spelling conforming somewliat to the
Amoy Romanized Colloquial.
The illustratione are a selection from a series of pho-
tographs collected while engaged in the work at Amoy,
and it is with the hope of both increasing the value and
interest of the book, that so many are incoi-porated
therein.
If, therefore, the book can in any way fulfill its pur-
pose by promoting the great and good object for which
the Amoy Mission exists, the labor herein expended will
not have been in vain. For such reward only, the
author earnestly seeks. P. W. P.
Poughkeepsie, Aug. 1st, 1893.
CHAPTER I.
INTEODUCmON-A SrEVFA' OF THE WORK.
A review- of fifty years of toil— a half century
of faithful service in any one of the Master's
vineyards, must contain much of interest, much
of encoui-agement, and much of inspiration for
those who are engaged in the building up of
Christs' Kingdom, by set^ldng the lost ones in
this sin-stricken world. But is there not an
added interest, encouragement, and inspiration
attending a re\'iew of fifty years of labor— the
founding and successful carrying forward of a
work in a land of heathen darkness, in that land
where idolatry, superstition, and sin in blackest
•forms have existed side by side for four thou-
sand years and more — the Kingdom of China?
There is no thrilling romance connected with
missions in Amoy. Excitement and anxiety have
not been entirely out of our borders, yet dangers
and i)erils have never encompassed our (hvell-
ings. There has been no startling evolution out
of heathenism, no >ast strides made toward new
an<l better ways and methods in the fields of
Amioy. It has been sIoaa but sure progress.
There may be little or nothing to call forth ap-
plause in behalf of the silent plodders and toil-
ers who have spent their lives without ostenta-
tion in this ^'ineyard, yet when the record is
fully read, much will be discovered that will
10 FIFTY VEARS IN AMOY.
aANJikeii coinnieiidation and inspiration to go
forward and coniplet/e what thej have so well
begun.
While it has not been battle-axes and fire-
brands of Avild and uncivilized tribes that have
threatened and demanded attention, it has been
hosts upon hosts who, clinging to a system of
vforship hoai-y with age, ha\'e Avi-itten upon their
faces and hearts stolid indifference and blank
unconsciousness, Avhich has required long and
tedious years of patient waiting for signs of
yielding, and which has required quite as much
courage to face as the sharper and sliorter con-
flict with savagery, a fact that is not ahvays
recognized.
Yet this is not man's work, but the work of
the Holy Spirit, that we review, so we may
sound the highest notes of praise our lips and
hearts can raise. No one can read the history
of the Amoy Mission without recognizing the
hand of Jehovah guiding and blessing all tlie
way. They who ha\e labored there have only
been His instruments — vessels for His use — suf-
ficiently luujored to be such and nothing more,
and glad if iu any way they have fulfille<l His
purpose, in seeking and bringing back these lost
ones into His fold and into eternal life through
His Son. For of Him, and through Him, and
to Him are all things, to whom he the glory for-
e\ei'. Amen. (Kom. i., 3(i.)
And noAv, in this Jubilee year, the redeemed
of the Ix)rd, of ''The Church of Clirist'' in Amoy,
China, \\'ould sound the "yobel" until its notes
Residence of Rev. Dr. Abeel.
INTRODUCTION. 11
echo the world around, that all people might
know that the Lord is bringing His redeemed
ones home. He has made them to feed in the
way, and their pastures have been in all high
places. Their hunger has been satisfied, their
thirst quenched. The sun has poured down
upon them only gentle rays, for He that had
mercy upon them hath led them, even by the
springs of water hath He guided them. The
mountains have been made a way tmd the high-
w-ays exalted. And, behold! they come from
afar, from the north and from the west, aind
these from the land of Sinim. Sing, O heavens,
and be joyful, O earth; and break forth into
singing, () mountains; for the Lord hath com-
forted His peo|)le, aud will have mercy upon the
aiiiicted. (Isa. xlix.)
Just fifty years ago, February 24th, 1842, Dr.
David Abeel first planted the standard of the
cross on Kolongsu, a small island lying off from
Amoy about one furlong. Possessed with un-
bounded faith, he began what must have ap-
peared to the outer A\orld an insurnionntable
task. I^ut he believed tlmt nothing was too
hard for God, so with an unfaltering trust, and
unsliaken confidence in the covenant-keeping
Loi'd, he laid the foundations of a work that
the Church may Avell view with satisfaction and
becoming pride.
Traders and merchants nmy have laughed at
him ^^hile they scoilhngly said: 'VSo you will
make the Chinese Christians?" Let the records
answer.
12 FIFTV l-EAES IN AMOY.
To-day there are in the territory of the Amoy
Mission 3,000 conmmnicants, 8,000 to 10,000 ad-
herents, 20 organized churches, 150 ordained
and unordained native jjastors and helpers,
3 Fotreign Missionary Societies represented, 50
male and female missionai'ies at work, 4 hos-
pitals, 2 theological schools, 2 high schools for
boys, 4 girls' schools, 2 schools for women, and
a score or more of parochial schools and numer-
ous chapels and churches scattered everywhere.
Of tliis enumeration, there are under the par-
ticulai' care and supervision of the Missionaries
of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Re-
formed (Dutch) Church, 968 communicants,^
9 organized^ and (practically) self-supporting
churches, 9 ordained native pastors, 10 unor-
dained native helpers, 12 teachers, 23 regular
preacliing places, 1 theological seniinai^y,^ 1
academy, 2 parcKdiial schools, 1 school for
women, 2 girls' schools, 1 hospital, and 18 male
and female missionaries at work. Yet another
item for which we can nevei- cease rejoicing.
These churches (of the Reformed (Dutch) Church)
during these fifty years have contributed about
$50,000, and in 1891 their benevolence reached
the magnificent sum of .13,882.08.-*
Such facts and figures are sutiicient to awaken
throughout the whole Church one song of praise,
and should constrain us all to join the chorus of
(1) 1893, 1,008 communicants.
(2) 1893, 10 churclie.s.
(3) The tiheological seminary and academy are under Uie super-
intendence of tlie English Presbyterian and Keformed (Dutch)
Church Mission.
(4) 1893, $3,894.80.
INTRODUCTION. 13
our brethren in Amoy, as tliey remember the
works of the Lord. It was a gi'eat pleasure to
every member of the Mission, and to the native
church as well, to have our beloved secretary,
Dr. Henry N. Cobb, and Miss Cobb, and their
companions'' with us during this Jubilee year.
And it mHist have been a source of great satis-
faction to Dr. Cobb to behold Avith his oAvn eyes
some of the results of tiie mar\'elous things the
Lord had wrought this half century in Amoy,
and to liear Avith his owa ears the testimony of
those Avho had given up all their idols and turned
aside from the paths of darkness, to serve the
itrue God, and to walk forever in the paths of
light.
These are gTeat events, yet all have taken
I)lace in a lifetime. One of our missionaries Avas
permitted to Avitness the entire history, save
five years, of tlie work at Amoy. Dr. David
Ab^l, Eevs. E. Doty and W. J. Pohlman ]jassed
aAvay, and to their rcAvard, Avhile the Avork was
yet in its infancy, but to Dr. Talmage alone was
the beautiful vision granted of watching and be-
holding the Avork nearly from its inception to
the A^ery close of fifty years. And to us has
been afforded the beautiful sight of beholding
two such eminent and godly men as Dr. Abeel
-and Dr. Talmage standing, the one on the
threshold and the other at the close of fifty
years' work for the Master in Amoy. They
clasp hands over the intervening years, while
(5) Miss M. Celeste AVeed, Miss Margaret B. Thorne, Mr.
Samuel Thorne, Jr., Mr. S. B. Thorne.
14 FIFTV YEAES IN AMOY.
from their lives we receive inspiration and cour-
age to go forward as we stand on the threshold
of another fifty years. O'verarciiing these lives
a bow of brightest colors seems to span the skies
— and that bow is full of promise of Ohina'a
full sal Nation. For on that bow is transcribed
the words of the Psalmist when he was bearing
the Ark into that former impregnable fortress
of Jebus: "Lift up your heads, O ye gates, even
lift them up, ye everlasting doors, and the King
of Glory shall conie in." We rejoice also in
that greater work that lias been done in the Em-
pire. A half century ago there \^■el•e only six
converts in the whole Empire of China. At the
expiration of fifty years we find there are 38,000
comumnicauts,^ 150,000 adherents, 500 organ-
ized churches, 1*11 ordained and 1,-6G unor-
dained native pastors and helpers, 40 different
societies represented, 1,290 Diale and female mis-
sionaries at ^\'ork, ()1 hospitals and 44 dispen-
saries, besides numerous schools and colleges es-
tablished. (See Appendix A.)
Such statemeids, though by no ]neans start-
ling, will do to banish any fears or unbelief of
China's ultimate i-edemption. China is slow by
nature and slow by practice. Time seems
to be of no consequence with them. Since the
prize is so great we can afford to be patient and
not be ha.stdy disheartened. Slow progress,
but sure progress, may be expected.
The Japanese have been compared to the im-
pulsive and inconstant French, while the Chi-
(6) 1893, over 40,000 conununicants.
INTKODUCTION.
15
1890.
1880.
1870.
1860.
2,000
1850.
a50 11842.
COMPARATIVE GROWTH OF NATIVE COMMUNICANTS
IN FIFTY YEARS.
1() FIFTY' YEARS IN AMOY.
nese compare favorably with the sturdy and en-
(hiring Saxon. "They have their staying quali-
ties/' "They never give ui).'' Once'set out to
accomplish a i)ui'pose, accomplish it they will,
though centuries are required to accomplish it.
The foUowing story fully illustrates one of the-
chief characteristics of the Chinese.
A noted general, who commanded the forces
of the Chinese army in the war against Eussia,
"aAvay over in Central Asia," came to a desert
covered with liun<lreds of miles of sand, '^with
here and there an oasis." This desert lay be-
tween his army and the ''province A\here the
military operations were to be carried on. They
could not get pro\isions across to the armies
that were fighting the Russians, so Avljat did.
the}' do? Why, this old gentleman set himself
to planting colonies of Chinese soldiers in these
oases, and they planted crops year after year.
So they pushed their AMiy along. He wasn't
in a huny; he knew the Russians would wait
there for him, and when he got his crops all
ready tlien he moved his armies on over these-
oases AA'ith a base of supplies a good deal more
complete than General Sherman had in his
march do\Nii to Atlanta. Then he engaged in
all those hard-fought battles in which the Chi-
nese armies did not suffer." Such a people once
won for Christ will wield a power which will
be felt, not only throughout Asia, but through-
out the whole world.
Rev, Henry N. Cobb, D. D.,
Rev. Jap-Han Chiong (front) ,
J. A. Otte, M. D., Ng Ma Hui (back.)
CHAPTEE II.
HISTORICAL OUTLINE OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF
THE REFORMED (DUTCH) CHURCH.
According to the records, the Reformed
(Dutch) Church has always possessed the mis-
sionary s])irit, but the first records of any for-
eign missionary organization is made in tlie
year 1817. At that time the United Foreign
Missionary Society, composed of Presbyterian^
Associate Reformed, and Reformed (Dutch) de-
nominations, Avas founded for the purpose of
carrying the (Jrospel to the heathen.
This society continued in existence nine years,
when in 1820, upon the recommendation of the
Board of Managers, the General Synod trans-
ferred its interest in the Society to the Ameri-
can Board of Connnissioners for Foreign Mis-
sions. .
In 1830 the (jeneral Synod sought closer re-
lations with the A. B. C. F. M., and after a
conference between rei)resentative committees
of the two Boards, a plan of co-operation Avas
adopted in October, 1832. By this plan the
Genei'al Synod reserved the right, first: Of
using the funds they appropriated to the sup-
port of the missionaries of their own recom-
mendation, though the appointing power still re-
mained vested in the Prudential Committee of
18 FIFIV YEAKS IX AMOV.
the A. B. C. y. M.; and second: of forming ''sl
new an<l distinct mission, with a distinct ecclesi-
astical organization, according to their own
i\dshes," and the privilege of using funds and
men of the Board at their own discretion for
tlie maintenance of such Avork.
This very liberal agreement and co-operaticm
remained in force for a quarter of a century.
They were twenty -five years of delightful fel-
lowship, with love and confidence unbroken,
Tvith not the least sign of unbrotherly or un-
xjhristian jars or contentions.
At Ithaca, June, 1857, (leneral Synod estab-
lished its own independent Board of Foreign
Missions, w^hich has ever since carried on the
missionary operations of the Beformed (Dutch)
Chnrch. The two missions that were to come
under its immediate supervision were tlie Amoy
lyiission, China (See Appendix B), and the Arcot
Mission, India, and along these lines (and with
Japan later) the history of the Missions in this
Chnrch has followed during these fifty years.
THE OKKilNAL MEMBERS AND OFFI-
CERS OF THE BOARD OF FOREIGN
MISSIONS OF THE REFORMED
(DUTCH) CHURCH IN 1857.
MEJNIBERS.
Eev. Isaac Ferris, D. D., Rev. J. Demarest, Jr.,
Rev. Thos. DeWitt, D. D., Rev.A.P.VanGieson,D.D.,
Rev. E. P. Rogers, D. D., ReV.D.McL. Quackenbusli,
Rev. D. H. Riddle, D. D., Hon. T. Freliiighuysen,
Eev. H. R. WiUsoQ, D. D., Mr. Win. B. Crosby.
Rev. D. D. Demarest, U.D., Rev. J. E. Moore,
Rev. J. H. Berg, D. D., Rev. C. S. Little,
HISTORICAL OUTLINE. 1^
Rev. J. M. Strong, D. D., liev. A. J. Beekiiian,
Eev. W.J. R.Taylor, D.D., Rev. S. Van Kensseler,
Rev. W. W. Halloway, Rev. A. B. Preston,
Rev. A. R. Thompson, Rev. S. Cobb,
Rev. 'P. Peltz, Rev. J. J. Johnston,
Ezra A. Hoyt.
OFFICERS.
Hon. Theo. Frelinghuysen, Pieeident.
Rev. Tlionias DeWitt, D. D., Vice-President.
Rev. Isaac Ferris, D. D., Corresponding Secretary.
Rev. Plulip Peltz, Sec'y of Domestic Correspondence.
Rev. Jeremiali S. Lovel, D. D., Recording Secretary.
Mr. Ezra A. lloyt, Treasurer.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Rev. T. DeWitt, D. D., Mr. Wm. B. Crosby,
Rev. D. H. Riddle, D. D., Rev. S. Cobb,
Rev. J. S. Lord, D. D., Rev. A. B. Preston,
Rev. W. W. Halloway, Rev. A. J. Beekman,
Rev.A.R.Thompsim, D. D., Rev. J. E. Moore,
MEMBEKS a:ND OFFICERS OF THE
BOAKl) OF FOREIGN MISSIONS
OF THE
REFORMED (DUTCH) CHURCH IX 1892.
MEMBERS.
Rev. A.P.VanGieson, D.D., Mr. D, Jack>son Ste^vard,
Rev. C. L. Well8, D. D., Hon. N. F. Graves,
Rev. :M. II. Hutton, D. D., Mr. O. H. Tiebout,
Rev. J. F. Riggs, D. D., Mr. John C. Giffing,
Rev. A. R.Thompson, D. D., Mr. Wm. L. Brower,
Rev. Lewis Francis, Mr. Henry I^tcli, Jr.,
Rev. Wm. R. Duryee, D. D., Mr. Joseph C. Pool,
Rev. E. G. Read, Mr. W. L. M. Phelps,
Rev. J. H. Wliiteliead, Rev. J. H. Oerter, D. D.,
Rev. T.W. Chambers, D.D., Mr. Pet*'r Donald,
Rev. T. S. Brown, Mr. F. S. Douglas,
Rev. P. Stryker, D. D., Mr. Chas. L. Ricker»ju_
OFFICERS.
Rev. T. W. Chambers, D. D., I'resident.
Rev. M. H. Hutton, D. D., Vice-President.
Rev. C. L. Wells, D. D., Recording Secretary.
20 FIFTY YEARS IN AMOY.
Eev. John M. Ferris, D. D., Hon. Secretary.
Eev. Henry N. Cobb, D. D., Corresponding Secretary,
25 Eaet 2 2d St., New York.
Mr. Peter Donald, Treasurer, 25 East 2 2d St., New
Yorlr.
EXECUTIVE COAEVIITl^EE.
Rev.A. R.ThompS)ii, D. 1)., .Nfr. Peter Donald,
Eev. Lewis Francis, Mr. Cha*s. L. Eickersou.
Eev. C. L. Wells, D. D., Mr. F. S. Douglas,
Eev. M. 11. Hutton, D. D., Air. Joseph C. Pool,
Rev. E. G. Eead, Mr. John C. Giffing,
MEDICAJL ADVISEES.
Henry R. Baldwin, M. D., New^ Brunswick.
E. G. Janeway, M. D., New York.
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CELAPTKR III.
HISTORY OF mSSIONS IN CHINA.
The first missionary enterprise among th^
Cliinese was conducted by the Nestorians as
early as the sixth century, A. D., and their work
was so firmly establislie<l that, notwithstanding
tlie fierce persecutions that shattered their or-
ganizations and scattered their converts and
turned "their places of worship into heatheoi
temples/' way down in the seventeenth century
traces of it are said to have been found. It is
said that several of tlie Emperors of the Tong
Dynasty (GIT-DOG i favored these early misslon-
ai-ies and ''had copies of the Bible translated
and placed in the library of the palace."
In the twelfth or thirteenth century the
Eoman Catliolic Church began its worli, but did
not meet -with much success until the arrival
of Matteo Ricci, in the seventeenth century, who
was a noted matliematician as well as priest,
and who seemed to have made a profound im-
pression upon the Chinese hy his scholarly mind,
and gained much favor for his sect. Great suc-
cess followed his efforts, and before persecution
fell upon them, they intimated that they were
successful in organizing 300 churches, with a
membership of 300,000 converts.
In the eighteenth century (1723) the Govern-
ment became wearied with their intrigues and
22 FIFTY YEARS IN AMOY.
contentions, and ordered that all, except a few
of their best niatliematicians,shoiil(l be banished
to Macao. But the work was kept alive by na-
tive catechists, and by secret visits of priests
from Europe.
In the sixteenth century the Greek Church
became established at the Cai)itol, but it is only
in recent years that they have made any vigor-
ous attempts in making converts.
^Modern Protestant Missions began under the
auspices of the London Missionary Society of
Great Britain, who sent ou^t Dr. Robert Morri-
son in January, 1807, and who aiTived in Can-
ton (Kwang-tung Province, i. e., the most south-
east province of China) September, 18077"^
<^The next year he took upon himself added
duties and became translator of the East Indian
Company. In 1814 Dr. Morrison baptized his
first convert, and in the same year issued the
]S^ew Testament in Chinese. In 1818, assisted
by Rev. Wm. Milne, who arrived at Canton in
1813, he issued the whole Bible in that lan-
guage. Dr. Morrison's labors were confined to
Canton, and even thei"e, were greatly cir-cum-
scribed. \
The first American Society (and tiie second in
the Empire) to begin missionary work in Cliina.
was the A. B. C. F. M., who sent out Rev.
Elijah C. Bridgman and Rev. David Abeel (con-
ditionally) in October, 1829, and who arrived at
Macao February 0th, 1830, and at Canton Feb-
ruary 25th, 1830.
Rev. E. C. Bridgman \\'as the fii'st e; liter of
HISTOEY OF .AnSSIONS IN CHINA. 23
tlie "Chinese Repositoiy,'- which was issued
for the first time iMay 31st, 1831, under tlie di-
rection of an organization called the "Chrisr
tian Union, "founded by Drs. Morrison and Abeel
aud others. The object of this Union was to
diffuse Christian knowledge and useful knowl-
edge concerning the Chinese among English
readers. And this was done through the col-
umns of the "'Chinese Repository." This pen-
odical changed its name in later years to the
penodical issued now, viz.: "The Chinese Re-
corder."
The year 1834 ^^'as noted for two important
events. (1) The death of Dr. Morrison. (2) The
first persecution upon the native Christiana.
The anthorities became aronsed on account of
the work missionaries liad already accomplished
and took measnres at once to stop any further
increase by issuing a jjroclamation condemning
the 'traitorous natives" \\'ho had taught the
foreigners the Chinese langnage. ^subsequently
their arrest was ordei*ed, an<l all printed matter
'destroyed. Much valuable material, as Avell its
the labor of years, was thus demolished, and
the little band of converts and a school of boys
dispersed. The next year (1835) the printing
press, and \Ahat remained of the type, was re-
moved to Singapore, where the tracts and other
books were thereafter issued. Five Chinamen
went along as printers.
The story of those early years of pioneer work
is tJirilling juid intensely interesting, but we
must onlv linger for a moment over those events.
24 FIFTY YEARS IN AMOY.
Various tiMi)s were made along the coast, ex-
tending to the Province of Shantung, Central
China. Once the missionaries visited the City
of Shanghai and distributed 4,000 tracts. The
first visit to the interior was probably made by
Messrs. Steven and Gutzlaff and an English
gentleman in ^Jay, 1835, by Siiiling up the Min
Eiver, in the Fukien Pro>'ince. They only suc-
ceeded in getting se\enty miles west of Foo-
chau, when they were hred upon by Chines©
soldiers and compelled to return, suffering only
to the extent of having one of their crew
wounded.
Thus the Axork continued until the barricaded
doors sAN'ung open and the walls of separation
began to crmnble.
Other societies rapidly followed in establish-
ing themselves in the land of the celestials, viz.:
The third society to find a footing m the Ein-
pire was the American Baptist, North, 1834.
The fourth: American Protestant Episcopal,
1835. The fifth: American I^resbyterian, North,
1835. And sixth : The Reformed (Dutch) Churchy
1842, at Amoy.
Amoy City.
CHAPTER IV
MIOY
Amoy is the name of an island, a city, and
is also applied to the disti-ict occupied by onr
Mission, hence the name: Anioy Mission.
Amoy Island lies just off of the southeastern
part of the Fukien Province (and forms a part
of itj, in the Formosa Channel. The island is
12 miles long, 10 broad and 30 in circumference.
The surface is extremely rough and rugged.
Great boulders and high rock-capped hills
stretch out before the vision in a line of un-
broken profusion, making a landsca.pe that is
wild, if not pleasing. A>getation is scarce. The
Chinese farms must be conhned to the very small
patches of ground that lie in the vallej^s or
nestle by the hillside. The only thioigs that
seem to tlourish are men, women and children.
They abound. One hundred and forty villages
are hidden away somev\'here amongst these hills
and rocks — ^just where is too great a mystery
for human eyes to penetrate — ^^lth an estimated
population of 400,000. In three of these
villages, viz. Kang-thau, Kio-thau and Chhan-
chliu-oa, are chapels connected " ^\dth the Re-
formed (Dutch) Church Mission, where congi*e-
gations meet every Sabbath to worship the true
God.
Amoy City is a commercial port, situated on
26 FllTV YEARS IN AMOY.
the soutlieru i)oint of the island, nortJL latitude
24^* 28*, about one degree above the Tropic of
Cancer, east longitude 118" 10*. Its latitude is
almost identiciilly the same as that of Key
AVest, Florida, 24" 30*. It is located about 300
miles north of Hong-Kong, 150 miles south of
Foochau (the Capitol of the Province), 550
ndles south of Shanghai, and 1,100 miles from
Pekin (these are English miles and in a straight
course).
The seasons are four: Spring, summer, autmim
and winter; or it may be classified in two, viz.:
Wet and dry. Spring begins in February, sum-
mer in June, fall in October, winter in Decem-
ber. The si)ring is <lecidedly moist, the summer
broiling, the late fall and early winter delight-
ful. NAMien the weather gets at it, it sticks to
it on the s;une tack for one hundred and twenty
days. There is no rise or fall in the mercury
of 20 degrees in twenty-four hours, if you please,
.and for those who object to sudden (dianges,
here is a perfect elysiumi.
The rainy season keeps it up four or five
months. It lias been knoAvn to pour for forty
days at a stretch, reminding one very forcibly
of the days of Noah.
The summer runs on the same schedule. Four
months of hot weather, v^ith 75 or 80 per cent
of humidity thi'own in gratuitously, is a s])ell
of weather some would rather read about than
experience. HoAve\er, there is compensation in
all things. The four months of fall and winter,
merged into one season of delightful California
AMOY
27
weather and Italian skies, in a nieasnre make
up for all the cruel things one has had to endure
before. In siinimer the mercury goes up to 9G
(in the shade), and in muter goes down to 47.
Occasionally there is frost.
And now let us take a peep into the city. It
has a population of several ten-thousands— ac-
cording to the accuracy of a Chinaman. That
is to say, that is close enough figuring for him
—a matter of one or two thousands more or
less is of no consequence.
The estimated population is be;tween sixty
and one hmidred thousaud. If that statement
is any clearer than the former, you are entitled
to all the satisfaction you can derive therefrom.
Besides the foreign business houses, banks
and Custom House, and the native warehouses,
stores aud shops, there are four nati\e churches,
supporting their own pastoi's, located in the
city. Two of the churches, viz.: The first and
second churches (Sin-Koe-a and Tek-Cliliiu-
Kha) are under the supervision of the Reformed
(Dutch) Church, and the other two are under
the supervision of the London Mission Society.
Services are held there every Sabbath at 9 a. m.
and at 3 :30 p. m. A weekly prayer-meeting is
also observed in each church. A woman's meet-
ing is held twice a week, as well, in each church,
one being held on Sunday, which is conducted
by the pastor's wife, and the other held on a
weekday and is conducted by one of the lady
missionaries.
There are also two hospitals in Amoy city.
28 i-IFTV YEARS IN AMOV.
One under the support of the English Presby-
terian Mission, Dr. A. L. Macleish in charge^
and the other su})]Jorted by the foreign com-
munity, Dr. 13. S. Ringer in charge.
Anioy has a re])iitation. Fe^v cities have not.
It is reputed to be the dirtiest city in China.
Pit}' the city that is laore so. From all ap-
pearances, as well as from all infonuatiou that
comes through the olfactory cliannel, it sustains
tliat re[)utation admirably. Happy is the man
in China Avhose olfactory ner\e has lost its
power. To our knowledge, there is but one
missionary so blessed, and he is the most de-
voted missionary on the ground. This may ex-
jdain it.
A city. Banish from your minds the thought
of wide avenues, clean sti-eets, beautiful pri-
vate residences, magnificent public buildings
and imposing mercantile houses. Amoy is not
built in tluit wny. Her streets are as crooked
as lum's horns, ever winding and twisting, de-
scending and ascending and finally ending in
the great no\\iiere, and the wayfai4ng man,
though ^^•ise, shall err therein. There is no
street either straight, or called ''straigiit". They
do not make them that way. And for a reason.
Peo]de have an idea that the upper world is
full of spirits — generally evil — who, if allowed
to move in a straight line, somebody would get
hurt. Hunum beings caimot move about cor-
ners and sharp turns with the same momentimi
as in straight lines. No more ca<n the creatures
of the upper air. Hence the turns and twists
MIOY. 2»
in the streets of Amoy, so as to ease up against
the force of the bumps of these wicked spirits
as they strike poor weak and human creatures.
Then in addition to the crookedness, the}' must
add another aggi-avation by making them like
lemon-squeezers. There are streets in Amoy so
narrow that you cannot carry an open umbrella.
The aTerage street is ab;)ut four feet wide.
Why do they make them so narrow? To keep
out the sunshine. They do it effectually. But
the princii)al reason for their narroAvness is for
protection.
It is a noisy and a busy town. A real Fourth
of July celebration is going on continually.
Through the nai*ro\\ thoroughfares, with their
stall-like shops wide open, ^\ith their wares in
full view, the multitudes tramp the whole day
long, while the whiz and bang of the iii'e-
pressible fire-cracker never ceases. Why do
they shoot tire-crackers? To make a noise.
They succeed beautifully. We may say, how-
ever, that the noise is made for the purpose of
driving away the evil spirits.
Pandemonium reigns. Gongs are sounding
from every direction, travelling musicians and
theatre orchestras are \ieing with ea<ch other
to make the louder noise, hucksters and coolies
are shouting, dogs (with which the land abounds)
are barking and fighting, and with a street
fight (war of words, generally) and side shows,
it is enough to bewilder creatures from other
lands than ours.
The port of Amoy is an inii)ort{int one, being
30 FIFTY' YEARS IN AMOY.
the fourth in importance for the exportation of
tea (the most of it being brought over from
Formosa). It is only in recent years that it
has reached this importance, and it is not too
much to say that business successes are in no
small measure indebted to the influence of mis-
sions. From their establishment the prog-
ress has l)een rapid and continuous. And
if only the effort of our churches had
ke])t ])ac'e with the effort of commerce,
Amoy to-day Avouhl not only be the fourth in im-
portance as a commercial centre, but its im-
portance as a centre of Christian influence could
not be estimated. But this in passing. The
trade luis gone on increasing until now every
year hundreds of thousands of tons of tea are
shipped from this port to America and England.
It is no uncommon occurrence for vessels to
leave with 1.000 tons of texL at a time. In the
latest statistics at hand it is reported that in
one year 5G0 vessels, ^vith an aggi-egate of
224,436 tons, entered this port, bringing sugar,
rice, raw cotton, hardware and oil to the total
value of 19,577,135. The same year 554 ves-
sels cleared, bearing away tea, porcelain and
paper, etc., to the total value of 15,720,230.
Besides this there is an immense trade carried
on by Chinese junks, statistics of ^^'hich cannot
be obtained.
Amoy has been one of the conspicuous names
in the history of the Chinese Empire. Being
one of the natural entrepots of the nation, it was
early brought to the notice of foreign Powders.
A^IOY. ^^
It is quite likely that this is one of |the very
places that Ptolemy, 'Hhe celebrated geog^
raplier," mentions in his writings concernmg
places along the coast of Cliina. Yet, it would
be profitless to even attempt to verify this, or
to identify satisfactorily the names mentumed
in this early record. But still, there are enough
undisputed facts to prove that Anioy was known
to the traveller and the merchants in tlie very
earliest centuries of the Christian era.
Amoy's fame has been made world-wide by
siege and bombardment and captures.
The great rebel chief, Ohing-Ohing-Kung
(Koshiuga or Koxinga, as written by the Portu-
guese), chose the place as his defence against
the invasions of the Manchus in tlie seventeenth
century, and here fitted out an ai-mament to
strengthen himself for the resistance. Under
the combined forces of the Duteh (who had a
bone to pick witli him), and the Manchus, Amoy
was captured in 1GG3, and the subjugation of
th^, Fukien Pi'ovince U. the Manchu^ power was
completed.
The East India Company made Amoy one of
its chief commercial centres, and in 1()78
built a factory here, and had invested (together
Avith a place on Formosa) |30,000 in bullion
and ^-lOMO in goods. A successful trade \vas
carried on until 1(381, when the restrictions
placed upon it by the Manchus' became so griev-
ous that they were compelled to remove the
factories to Canton and Foochau. Tirade, how-
(1) Also Tartars.
32 FIFTY YEARS IN AMOY.
ever, at Aiuoy was renewed in 11)85. But tlie
most important event in the history of Amoy
was its capture by the British forces in 1841,
during the time of the ''opium war."
Soon after the capture of Canton, the British
forces,- '^consistino^ of two 74s and seven other
ships of ^^'ar, four steamers, twenty-three trans-
ports, aiifl two other vevssels, carrying in all
3,500 troops, under the joint command of Sir
Hugh (lougli and Admiral Parker, moved north-
ward u]) the China coast for the purpose of sub-
duing the nation." Four days after leaving
Canton the whole llotilla (h^opped anciior in the
harbor of Amoy, Aug. 25th, 1841. The British
forces had not been unexpected, and extensive
prei)arations had been made for their reception.
"Every island and protecting headland over-
looking the harbor had been occupied and
armed, and a continuous line of s(tone wall more
than a mile long, with embrasures roofed by
large slabs covered with earth to protect the
guns, had been built, and batteries and bas-
tions erected at well-chosen points." The broad-
sides of the ships had little effect on these stone
walls.
Twenty-four thousand rounds from the two
T4s, "besides the dischai'ge from frigates and
steamers," failed to make any api)arent im-
pression upon the fortifications. And it was
not until the troops landed and drove out the
garrison that the forts were taken.
Lack of discipline on the part of the Chinese,
(2) WUliams' "Middle Kingdom," Vol. II.
Amoy Academy Property.
A^IOY. 33
as was everywhere tmanifested in this unfort-
imate and imjiist Avar, caused them to lose the
battle, and on the 27th of August, 1841, the
city fell into the hands of the British. "All the
arms and public stores, consisting of powder,
wall-pieces, gingals, matchlocks, shields, uni-
forms, bows, arrows, spears and other articles
found in great quantities were destroyed; 500
cannon were found in the forts." The Chinese
forces were estimated to be 8,000 troops and
26 war junks, one two-decker, built on the for-
eign model and carrying 30 gmis. Leaving a
detachment of 550 troops on tlie Island of Ko-
longsu, and three vessels in the harbor to guard
the city, the flotilla left for Chusan. The Brit-
ish did not lose a man, and the Chinese not
more than Mty, in the conflict.^
The Amo}' district, or, to be more correct,
''the territory occupied by the missions at
Amoy,-' covers an area of country equal to about
120 square miles, includhig the two large cities
of Chiang-Chiu ami Choan-Chiu, each of which
is larger than Amoy. An area of country 60
miles long an;l 11 wide, by the comity of mis-
sions, is under the supervision of the Reformed
(Dutch) Church Mission, with an estimated pop-
ulation of 3,000,000 "If the cities of Boston,
New York, Philatlelphia an<l Baltimore were
situated in a valley 40 miles long, 15 wide, and
the whole intervening country were so thickly
studded with villages that a man should never
be out of sight of one or more of them, still
(3) Williams' "Middle Kingdom," Vol. II.
34 FIFTY YEAES IN AMOY.
the population of this valley would not be
equal to the number of souls accessible to the
missionary from Amoy." (Annual Report.)
The people of the Amoy district are an in-
dustrious and a very peaceable people.
Mr. Burlingame, special representative of the
United States Government to the Court of
China in 1867, after his return to America, at a
public dinner tendered to him by the merchants
of New York, in a speech delivered on that oc-
casion made use of the followmg language in
regard to the people of China:
"Tlie 'Chinese are a great people; they are a
polite people, they are a patient people, they
are a sober people, and they are an industrious
people." These are the characteristics of the
Amoy people, and we might speak of every one
of them, but suffice it to speak only of their in-
dustry and their peaceableness.
"Idleness," it has been well said, "is not
conspicuous." As John Wesley said of a pros-
perous and a successful church, so it may be
said of them: "They are all at it, and always
at it" — toiling.
From the dim outlines of dawning day until
the shadows have wrapped their world in dark-
ness the hum and whir of traffic pulsates
through every town and village of this district.
And week in and week out, month after month,
and year in and year out, excepting two or
three weeks at the Chinese New Year, those
wheels of traffic never cease.
We are not praising what they accomplish^
AMOY. 35
neither the crude metliods they employ, nor th©
cruel system of bondag'e to eternal toil, but
only mention that idleness, as we term the char-
acteristic, is not in their make-up.
This same diligence is witnessed amongst the
scholars in their persistent and indefatigable
zeal to obtain a coveted degree — even after re-
peated failures. At a single prefecture ten
thousand candidates present themselves at the
regular examinations. In some cases there will
be found the grandfather, son and grandson, all
competing for the same degree. In 1889 the
Grovernor-General of the Fukien Province re-
ported that at the autumnal examination in
Foochau there were nine candidates over eighty
years of age. We may say here that at another
examination in another province there were
thii'teen candidates over eighty years and one
over ninety years of age. At still another,
thirty -live comi)etitors were over eighty and
eighteen over ninety. We have nothing to say
of their system of education, so grossly de-
fective and circumscribed, and which really pro-
duces only a few readers and still fewer schol-
ars, but such indomitable perseverance and
pluck along elucational lines is seldom wit-
nessed outside of China.
Probably there was no intention of defining
the character of the people of Fukien by the
name given to the province. The meaning of
Fukien may be rendered "established happi-
ness.-' Fu, happiness; Ivien, established. If
a people are happy they are usually contented
36 FIFTY YEAES IN AMOY.
and peaceable, especially when that happiness,
is established.
If such a reasoning be permissible, then maybe
in this way this characteristic of the Anioy
people at least niay be accounted for.
Whilst both north and south there has been
serious trouble, nothing like open violence and
mob forces have ever, to our knowledge, pre-
sented themselves m the Amoy district. A»
noted below, in these after pages, the disposi-
tion toward missionaries from the start has
been most friendly, and whenever there has
been trouble, it has been stirred up by the rul-
ing classes, and not by the people..
Only one or two events during these fifty
years have occurred to disturb this tranquillity^
viz., The Tai-peng Rebellion (1850-'64), and the
"Anti- Missionary Movement'' in South China
(1871). Possibly to these should be added the
political disturbances occasioned by the French
war. Whilst these movements were at their
height, the people of Amoy were more or less^
excited and ill-disposed toward the foreigners.
Still, even in these most exasperating times, un-
controlled passion never gained full sway,
neitlier did mobs ever threaten our dwellinf2;s.
True, we have never poisessed the full con-
fidence of this people. We have not yet reached
that happy condition of having our presence
among them above suspicion. Even this peace-
able people cannot banish from their minds the
idea that we are among them, not as those who
serve, but as those to obtain some personal or
A^IOY. 37
National adyaiitage. But we are confident that
among such a peaceable people, even confidence
will be established, also.
This peaceableness of the people may be ac-
counted for in another Avay, yiz. : becausa they
have never been brought into contact, to any
great extent, with foreign nations.
What we mean is, that the people of Amoy
do not emigrate to Europe or America. So
they are not cognizant of the ill-treatment their
countrymen receive at the hands of so-called
Christian nations.
The Amo}^ people, true to the colonizing in-
stincts of the nation, do emigrate, but they emi-
grate to ^ngapore, Penang, ^Manilla and the
Dutch possessions of the East Indies. A great
number go to these places, and, like good and
true Americans and Europeans, maintain their
citizenship and their individuality, get rich and
come back to Amoy to enjo}- their riches. A
people more like the Anglo-Saxon one will have
.0 search far to find.
They emigrate and take their naticmality with
them. Oh, Americans, do you dare to criticise
them for this? Make them Christians, and you
will have another Eastern Anglo-Saxon race, in
very truth, on the other side of the world, that
will speak louder in actions than the Western
ever did.
The people of Amoy are not physically strong
in appearance. The people of Southern China
are less robust, shorter, and of lighter build
than the people of the North. Yet they are
38 FIFTY YEARS IN AMOY.
hardy and an enduring people. A great many
old i>eople are found among them.
AVhen we consider what they eat and how thej
labor, it is surprising they do live to be eighty
and ninet}^ years old. Perhaps it is the quantity
they eat, and not so much the quality, for a
Chinaman thinks nothing of seven or eight
bowls of ric^, as a bite.
Their principal diet consists of rice, fish,
pork, sweet x>otatoes, pickled vegetables and
green vegetables. Some of the poor folks live
on sweet potatoes, and others on such shell fish
as they can scrape logetlier, and when poverty
presses them hard, they may be obliged to eat
rats.
But let it be understood that it is a ridiculous
idea, and prei)osterously absurd, for any one
to say that the Chinese are a race that delights
in eating rats. They are no more a peoi)le who
eat rats tlian the American people are a people
who eat frogs' feet, or horse-flesh, or raw jjork.
The Chinese are a respectable race, a race with
5,000 years of history behind them, a race of
wealth, a ra<!e that need not eat rats, and they
do not.
Amoy, like other parts of China, is a jjlace of
sharp contrasts — the comfortably rich and the
miserably- poor, the highly educated (Chinese
education) and the utterly ignorant, living side
by side.
There are, however, three distinct classes,
even as they are divided the world over, viz.:
the high, the middle and the lower. There is no
AMOY. 39
such thing as caste, however; the different
grades of society are open to all. The Chinese
divide themselves up into scholars, farmers,
workmen and merchants. A still better divi-
sion would be (1) aristocracy, (2) merchants and
farmers, and (3) the laborers.
In the aristocracy are included the Imperial
familj^, the princes, the mandarins and the lit-
erati.
The homes of this class are built of brick and
stone. Whilst the architecture is ver}^ simple,
yet they are sometimes most exquisitely deco-
rated with cartings and paintings outwardly
and inwardly. Sometimes, as in the case of a
dwelling on Kolongsu, these are built in suites
of dwellings, arranged around open courts,,
some to accommodate the numerous wives and
families, others for guests according to their
rank, others for secretaries and teachers, and
still others for the retainers and servants.
For furnitui'e, carved chairs, hai'd and uncomi-
fortable, with the indispensable tea-table be-
tween every two, are arranged about the room.
Sometimes there are settees also. The walls are
loaded with scrolls and banners, inscribed on
which are the choice words of China's gi^eat
Sage, or perhaps phrases lauding the virtues
and greatness of the families to which they be-
long, in each particular instance.
There is no carpet on the floor. Tile iloors
are the fashion, and it prevails universally.
There are no bay windows or balconies attached
to these houses, and until recently no window-
40 FIFTY YEARS IN AMOY.
glass was employed in their construction. The
light nsually travels throngli the open door and
apertures in the wall, which are called win-
dows, if it ever at all gains adnuttance into
these houses. At the present time, however,
Chinese houses, of the richer classes, at least,
are modernized and civilized to the extent of
having window-glass. It is a step in advance,
a.nd to us, who watch every step so closely, it
indicates an onward and upward stride of civil-
ization and Christianization, slow though it be
and not always apparent. And we breathe the
prayer that the windows may be place<l in their
souls, so that the true light may shine in and
scatter all the darkness that has hung so long
and so hea^aly upon them.
In the middle class, i. e., merchants and farm-
ers, are included the bankers, merchants, clerks,
teachers and farmers. Their homes gener-
ally are less elaborate than those just above
them. While they are not rich as a class (they
are poor, a's we count riches), still, some of these
merchants may be well termed ''merchant
princes," and their homes are quite as grand as
any.
In this class, as a class, we find a nearer ap-
proach to our family life than elsewhere in
China. We may say here that we consider this
class to be the backbone of the nation and the
hope of the Church. And it is of this material
principally that our Amoy churches are com-
posed.
Generally there is but one wife, and she has
AMOY. 4:1
a voice in tlie domestic affairs of the liouseliold.
She may also possess a fair education.
The business of the country, for respectability,
competition and honesty wall comi>are favorably
with the business of other countries, such as
manufacturing, shipping and mercantile.
There are no more clever farmers in the world.
Their farms are exceedingly small, compared
with Am.erican farms. They ai'e kept under a
high state of cultivation, and around about
Amoy are expected to yield two crops each year.
Their little farms of half an acre to .tlrree or
four acres, some terraced one above the other
up the hillside, have more the appearance of
garden spots than otherwise.
The principal products about Am.oy are rice,
sugar-cane, sweet potatoes, Irish potatoes,
beans, peanuts, peas, cabbage and wheat. Opium
is also being cultivated. Fruit abounds. There
are orange, baniLma and pumelo orchards, yield-
ing their delicious products.
Guavas, persinmions, cocoanuts and pine-
apples, iigs and mangoes are cultivated and yield
in their season. Tea is not extensively raised.
Most of the tea is cultivated in Formosa and
trans-shipped from this port. The farmer is the
most independent and most respected individual
in the Empire.
Ill the laboring class ai'e included the carters^
farm hands, wheelbarrow men, chair-bearers^
boatmen and rmmers. Theu* homes are simply
wretched. No pen can describe them as they
are, for one cannot transcribe smells. (This is
42 FIFTY YEAES IN AMOY.
not onl3^ applicable to the homes of the poor.
In every home odoriferous sights fill earth and
sky.) tSo what need to attempt even to describe
them. All we need say is that if one wishes to
"witness poverty, misery, in grossest forms, visit
the homes of the poor of China. There may be
places where more filth abounds, but for down-
right poverty, bai*e walls and floors, one
w^ould have to search far to find their equal.
Yet this very class teach us two beautiful les-
sons of submission and liberality.
Among all this army of strugglers very few
words of complaint are raised above the hum of
toil and labor. Like some wise philosophers
patiently enduring what they cannot be curing,
this mighty host of sufferers march on in un-
broken ranks, toiling on and on under most
cruel bondage. Who ever heard of such a thing
as a strike, or a rebellion against capital
amongst their number? No such thing is
known. They are not a nation of strikers in
any sense. They are plodders and toilers, and
the nation must be very blind that casts them
off for strikers and rioters and rebels.
We have not a few of this class enrolled
among our church members. The dear Lord
was poor. So we despised not these i)oor ones,
even though they be Chinamen. It is from them
that some princely sums are cast into the Lord's
treasury.
No more beautiful sight, no more encouraging
sign can be afforded than this, showing how
deeply rooted the Word of Grod has become in
AMOY,
4a
the heart of this people when they give their
dollars out of such poverty for the Lord's work.
We have reserved another place to speak more
fully of their benevolence, so there is no need to
speak further here.
We do sometimes wonder what kind of crowns
these will wear, Avhat places they Avill occupy
in that upper Kingdom. We, w^ho see the con-
dition in which they live and the magnificent
Slims they give, imagine it will be a very bright
crown, sparkling with jewels. And we im-
agine, too, that some of them will have a plaxie
very near the great white throne.
CHAPTEE Y
KOLONGSU.
The meaning of this word is ^'The Drum Wave
Island." Ko, drum; long, a rushing stream of
water; su, an island. It is supposed to receive
its name from a part of the island, where there
is a hollo w^ed rock, through which the waters
of the sea rush, producing a sound like drum-
ming.
On a gi'eat pile of high rocks (in the centre of
the island), lifting their grey heads 300 feet
into the air, there is an inscription, the meaning
of which is: Kolongsu is the most delightful
spot under heaven,
Kolongsu lies just off south from the city
of Amoy — about one furlong. It was at first
considered more unhealthy than the city of
Amoy, with all its filth and /iirt. When
the British soldiers attacked Amoy, they sta-
tioned themselves on this island. They died
off by hundreds, stricken down by fever, and
to them and the early missionaries it seemed
nothing less than a death-trap. Dr. Abeel, Mx.
Doty and Mr. Pohlman first resided there, but
on September 22, 1844, they all moved over to
Amoy. And there in the city, on the water's
side, they built their homes, which can be seen
to this day. After twenty years' residence in
Amoy, the missionaries discovere<l that Ko-
^^0"^^
iiiA
Part of Kolongsu.
KOLONGSU. 45
longsu was a inucli more healtliy spot than
Amoy. Tliis was not because tlie conditions of
Kolongsu had changed, but it was because the
missionaries and sohliers in former days had to
occupy Chinese homes, which are bad enough
themselves, but thrice nninliabit£ible when sit-
uated in damp, low places. It was all right
when they got up on the hilltops. Tlie resident
physician condemned the houses in which the
missionaries were living in Amoy in the year
1865, and then they began turning their atten-
tion to Kolongsu once more. The Mission wrote
home, asking for 1 0,000 to buy a site on which
to build a house on this island. In 1867 the site
wsb^ secured, and the building so long occupied
by, and called for a quarter of a century. Dr.
Talmage's residence, was erected. ~Now all the
foreigners (about 250 English, Portuguese and
Americans) reside on this island, and, although
they have not found it ^'the most delightful
spot under heaven," they have found it tlie best
and most comfortable place for sixty miles
around. Here are located, too, the higher edu-
cational institutions of the three missions, viz.:
Theological seminary, boys' academy, girls'
schools, Charlotte Duryee Vv^o man's Training
School, and the Children's Home (orphanage).
The Douglas Memorial, erected in 1880 to the
memory of Carstairs Douglas, member of the
English Presbyterian Mission, is located on this
island. The students of all our schools, with
native Christians residing ion the island, meet in
this building every Sabbath for public worship.
46 FIFTY YEARS IN xVMOY.
There is also a union cliapel on the island,
AA^here English services are conducted every Bab-
bath by the missionaries. There are also con-
sulates, hotels and stores on the island.
And besides, on this same island there are
three distinct Chinese villages, with a popula-
tion of four or tive thousand.
Kolongsu is a little* more than a mile long 'and
half a mile wide.
A road committee Iveeps a road that goes
round the island in good condition, and as this
is the only civilized thoroughfare for miles
around, it is appreciated and enjoyed.
Group of School Children, Kolongsu.
CHAPTER VI.
THE DOORS OF AMOY OPENED.
For many years China was nothing more than
a hermit Kingdom. She shut herself off en-
tirely from the outside "barbaric" world. Her
walls were high and strong, and ever^- door her-
metically sealed against all intrusion of the for-
eigner.
Early in the nineteenth century, as w^e have
seen, the missionaries Morrison, Milne, Bridg-
man and Abeel began knocking at the barri-
caded gates of the Empire for adndssion to
preach the e>'erlasting riches of the Gospel of
Jesus Christ. But for years they were obliged
to confine their labors to the suburbs of Can-
tou and the island of Macao (a small island off
the southern coast of China), and the bleak and
rocky coast of the Empire. In no other places
in the vast nation were missionaries tolerated.
This seclusion was persistently maintained
until the year 184.0, A\'hen the chariots of an un-
just war came rolling up against these hitherto
impregnable ^Nalls. The history of this war,
so extraordinary in its origin, so marvelous in
its course, so momentous in its results, not only
forms one of the most interesting chapters in
the world's history, but the consequences of
that war itself upon millions of mankind have
48 FIFTY YEAES IN AMOY.
placed it amongst the most important chapters
as welL
Originating in a '' commercial misunderstand-
ing/' waged between "conscious superiority'^
on the one side, and ''ignorant ]3ride" on the
other, and resulting in bringing one-half of the
world into intercourse witli the other, demajids
more than a ])assing notice. Let us confine our-
selves, however, as briefly as possible to the
origin and results of that war that led to the
opening of the barricaded doors (-f China.
To fully understand the situation it is neces-
8a.ry to go back in history and discover what
relations China held with foreign nations before
the ships from England touched her shores.
Early did the Romans, Greeks, Mohammedans
and Phoenecians spread their sails and speed
a^^ay for far off Cathay to traffic with its in-
habitants. And there is a record of a commis-
sion being sent by Marcus Antonius to tlie coun-
try " producing the rich silks so much prized in
Rome." In 1254, A. D., two Venetian gentle-
men, Nicolo Polo (father of Marco Polo) and
Matteo Polo visited China and were Mildly wel-
comed by the Grrand Khan, as the Emperor was
then called. Subsequently Marco Polo \i-sited
China and remained twenty -five years. He be-
came a great favorite with the Emperor and was
made one of his officers, which goes to show the
good feeling the Emi)eror had toward foreigners.
So far as the records reveal, the intercourse
between these nations was above suspicion and
distinist, and uurestrained commercial relations
THE DOORS OF A]MOY OPENED. 4D
extended to all who came to trade Tvitli them, for
twenty centuries at least. In the seventeenth
century (A. D.) new powers began to send forth
their ships, plowing the great waters in search
of conquest and new territory. Spanish, Dutch,
French, Portuguese and English sent forth their
navies in search of new territory and to conquer
the world if necessary for their respective gov-
ernments.
China began to look with suspicion on these
proceedings. And who can blame her? She
watched Avith eager interest the events that
were taking place ^'in the neighboring regions
of Lnconia, Java and India," and the cruel ti'eat-
ment the victors visited upon the vanquished.
Being \Aitnesses of such scenes, as they stood
on their watch-towers of their nation's de-
fences, is it strange that the doors and gates
of China suddenly swung shut, and were seale<l
and barricaded against the intrusion of the
avaricious foreigners? As unto Luconia, Java
ajid the isles of the sea, so must be the ultimate
purpose of these sea kings concerning them.
Who shall say that any other policy would
not have been suicidal? Had she pursued any
other course the hour of doom to her inde-
pendence would surely have struck, and her au-
thority over her subjects have ceased forever,
and the nation long ago have crumbled to
pieces and their territory be possessed by
others. Why? "The belief entertained by
Europeans at that period, that the Pope had
the right to dispose of all pagan lands, only
50 FIFTY YEARS IN AMOY.
wanted men and means to be everywhere car-
ried into effect." And the probability is that
had Chnia allowed these Spanish and Portu-
guese and other colonists to settle at will
in her domain, the Chinese nation would
long ago have been swept into that oblivion
where so many other gi-eat nations are buried.
Who can criticise her, then, for instituting such
strict measures under the circumstances for her
own self-preservation, even to making herself a
hermit nation for nearlv two centuries?
When the history of China is fully written it
will be the most wonderful history of the most
^^•ondel'ful peo]jle that ever engaged the mind
of men. And when that people are full3^ under-
stood there will be little to criticise, much to
applaud and much to esteem. Five thousand
years have rolled away, and yet of all the na-
tions of the world, China is the least under-
stood and the most shamefully judged and
ti'eated.
Not yet is the fulness of time Avith her. The
hour of her greatness and due appreciation has
not yet sounded over the world. But if any one
can read the signs of the times aright, that hour
is soon to come. Some day this naition will stand
out the mightiest and strongest nation of the
world, and let us hope' and pray and work that
it will be the best, best civilized and the best
Christianized nation on the face of God's earth.
With these few observations in mind, we may
now consider the opium war. After the expira-
tion of the privilege granted by charter to the
TPIE DOORS OF AJVIOY OPENED. 51
Eas:t India Coiiiijaiiy in 1834, and by vihich they
had enjoyed a monopoly for nearly two cen-
turies in carrying on trade at Macao and Can-
ton, the English Government sought to renew
these commercial relations in such a manner
that all British merchants might have a share
of the trade with the Chinese people.
To this end the Rt. Hon. Lord Napier was sent
to China to commence negotiations for ^main-
taining trade on a '' proper footing." He arrived
in Macao, July 15th, 1834, and, suffice it to say,
he made a failure of the enterprise simi:>ly on ac-
count of lack of diplomatic sldll. He faile<i to
comprehend the Chinese w^ay of doing things,
and the Chinese failed to comprehend the Eng-
lish way of doing things as w^ell. The Chinese
were arrogant and suspicious. The English
were none the less arrogant, but less slow.
While w^e cannot excuse either, there was less
excuse for England than for China. Surely
China had a right, that England did not there
possess, of saying how and in what manner
things should be done. Lord Napier, instead of
waiting at Macao, pushed on to Canton witliout
official permission from the Chinese authorities.
This was too great an affront to the dignity of
the Chinese, and set in motion a broil and dis-
turbance that eventually resulted in w^ar.
Lord Napier died on September 27th, 1834.
The nervous strain was too much for him, and
he succumbed under tlie trial. Others followed
him, but it was not until April 12th, 1837, that
England was gran tec J the privileges she sought.
52 FIFTY YEARS IN AMOY.
But at this time trade was almost entirely X20ii-
fined to traffic in opium, as that was the only
article that would sell. And some of the Chinese
as ^vell as foTeiji;ners were ea^^rer for the exten-
sion of the sale, as it brought them large gains.
And every effort was made to legalize the use
thereof. There were many, however, who had
the welfare of the nation at heart, who fought
to the bittei' end, both against the introduc-
tion and the use of it in the land. No truer or
stancher frfend had the Chinese people in this
trynio- hour than the Emperor himself, and if
his government had been the stronger, instead
of being the weaker, opium would never have
lodged itself in the Celestial Empire.
The natives pleaded, and foreigners argued,
that if it was not introduced now, some other
way would surely be opened to its introduction;
still the Emperor and his good advisers re-
sisted all overtures to let it in, or legalize its
use.
For forty years the Ooveniment had shown
its sincerity of wishing to keep the noxious
poison out; yet, in spite of all such efforts, so-
called Christian merchants and monopolists of
Europe persisted in smuggling it in, and finally
forced it ui:>on them at the cannon's mouth.
And the Emperor had goo<l grounds for re-
sisting it. He looked upon it as a design (rightly
or wrongly, as the case may be,) of the foreigner
introducing opium, in order, first: to so debili-
tate and impoverish the people that resistance
on their pai't would be in vain, and, secondly:
THE DOOES OF AMOY OPENED. 53
the subjugation of the nation woiihl easily fol-
low. From our point of view, the surmise was
unjust; but who can sa3% in view of all the
events that were transpiring about them, that
such a view of the situation was unjust from
their basis of observation? This impression
gained ground, until the whole nation became
aroused against foreign intrusion. Then, too,
this impression Avas deepened from the fact tliat
the Chinese saw that these foreigners never
smoked the drug themselves, nor was it used in
their own country. What else could it mean but
this? Then the baneful effects upon |the minds
and health of the nation, and the awful drain-
age of .|!20,000,000 a year was likewise cause
sufficient to awaken conjectures and sound the
alarm over the whole domain. And so, instead
of enacting measures to legalize the sale there-
of, measures %vere at once instituted to restrain
its sale, and, if possible, banish it from the Em-
pire. But the evil had become a monster — too
great, as the result proved, for the power and
wisdom of the Chinese to deal wi^th. Imprison-
m.ent and execution and banishment of offenders
proved of no avail. Finally, on the 18th of
March, 183^, a proclamation was issued, de-
manding the surrender of all the opium in pos-
session of the merchants, and bon<ls required
that no more should be introduced under pen-
alty of death.
Four reasons were given for such demand:
(1)' Because they were men and had reason.
{2) Because the law forbade its use.
54 FIFTY YEAKS IN AMOY.
(3) Because they should feel for those who suf-
fered by its use.
(4) Because of the present duress of the Gov-
ernment.
In response to this appeal, 1,037 chests were
delivered up, and then, on March 27th, 1839,
tjirough Chas. Elliot, the Englisli representative,
20,283 chests, valued at |11,000,000, were passed
over to the Chinese authorities. But the bond
was never signed, though an agreement had
been signed by most of the foreign merchants
not to trade in opium any more. This agree-
ment was not kept. This whole quantity was
destroyed by the Chinese authorities in good
faith, and, as a noted historian observed, it was
"a solitar}^ instance in the history of the world
of a pagan monarch preferring to destroy what
would injure his subjects rather than to fill his
own pockets with the sale." In addition, sixteen
persons — English, American and Indian — prin-
cipal agents in the trade, were ordered out of
the country and told never to return again.
But the opium trade was not banished or de-
stroyed.
Before the last chest \^'as destroyed, shiploads
were on the way and some being unloaded on
the defenceless shores. And it kept on coming
and coming until the two nations of England
and China were plunged in a cruel and destruc-
tive war — cruel and destructive alone to the
Chinese Government. So, willingly or unwill-
ingly, the Chinese had to accept the evil.
" To obtain reparation for insults and injuries^
THE DOOES OF AMOY OPENED. 55
for indemnifications of losses, and for future se-
curity and protection," were the i^retexts Eng-
land offered for making war upon a w eak and
powerless nation. Each one must judge how
far she was justifiable in such an action.
Might made right in those days, and before
the English power China fell; yet, in these days,
we ^'enture to say, such action would not be tol-
erated. Poor China — we say — after all her care
and concern for her subjects, she had not only
to accept the deadly drng, but had to pay
$21,000,000 (part of it for the opium that was
destroyed in April, 1839), and gave up the island
of Hong-Kong to the British nation. Let others
pass their verdict on such justice.
It has been said the war Avas necessary to
break tlie arrogance and pride of the Chinese
people. Perhaps it was. Still, we do in all
sincerity ask, would not the result have been
the same, and more happily accomplished, if, in
the first place, the East India Company, and
later the Eiiglisli Government, had been more
zealous in the diffusion of Christian truth and
the Word of God? But what was done? For
nearly two centuries they set their faces against
tiruth and rigiiteousness, and every effort made
to translate the Word of God met with their dis-
approval and bitter opposition.
The affairs of nations, as well as of individ-
uals, are in the hands and under the control
of the Great Kuler of the universe. W^ho can
read in all this history anything but tlie Al-
might}^ ''accomplishing His great and wise pur-
56 FIFTY YEAES IN AMOY.
pose by allowing man to pnrsne Ms petty, pri-
Tate, and even unjustifiable ends?" Beyond
this mystery we cannot penetrate.
But this no more excuses the nation which
battered down the dooi^, and forced the vile
opium traffic in upon China, than the unfaith-
ful disciple was excused for betrcaying the
Christ to perform the will of God.
But out of all tliis evil God brought good.
Canton, Amoy, Ningpo, Foochau and KShanghai
were opened for foreign tra-de and residence,
and, best of all, for the introduction of the Gos-
pel.
And that gospel power is shining fuller,
stronger and brighter, in the face of the new
difficulties that have been throwm in its way
by the introduction of opium in this land of
heathen darlmess. It is able to save unto the
uttennost, therefore, China — in spite of opium.
And there was good, too, in the fact that
China had |to deal with England rather than
Russia or Turkey, or some Mohammedan or
Roman Catholic power. It Avas Protestant Eng-
land, and whatever else may be said of her in
tliis unfortunate and cruel affair, this may be
truly said: That wherever England goes, there
go law^s, protection, freedom and libei-ty of con-
science and Christianity. Had Russian, Span-
ish or Turkish power gotten control of India,
or had any of these powders battered down the
w^alls of China, the condition of affairs in the
celestial Empire w^ould probably have been far
blacker and more sad tlian they are in this day.
THE DOOES OF AMOY OPENED. 57
Every missionary lias had cause more than
once to thank God that the British flag floats
and Avaves over the Eastern Seas rather than
any of those mentioned above.
Other ports were opened for trade and resi-
dence, and to-day the doors stand wide open,
waiting for the messenger to arrive, bringing
the gospel message of peace and good will to-
ward all men. God speed the day when the for-
eigner shall force out of the Empire that same
drug that they forced in— not by might, but by
the Spirit of the Lord.
By the Treaty of Tien-Tsin, made in 1858 and
ratified in 18G0, ten new ports were opened in
China, among them being Tam-Sui, Taiwanfoo,
Swatow, Cheefoo, Tien-Tsin. In 1878 there
were tw^enty-one ports opened for trade, and
permission gTanted to all foreigners (18G0) to
travel with passports. The treaty ports to-day
are, viz.: Amoy, Canton, Swatow, Foochau,
Mngi>o, Shanghai, Tien-Tsin, Pekin, Cheefoo,
Hankow, Ichang, Chinkiang, Tam-Sui, Taiwan-
foo, Keloong, Takow, Woohoo, Woochau, I^ew-
chaAvang, Kiukiang and Kiong-chiu.
CHAPTER VII.
FOUTsDING OF THE AMOY MISSION.
While General Synod was in session in New
York, in 1842, a comniunication was received
from Dr. Abeel (then stationed at Macao), giv-
ing expression, amongst other matters, of his
confidence that China wonld soon be thrown
open for the entrance of missionaries, and
urged that steps be taken for the occupation of
some fi,eld, as a centre for missionary operations.
Long before Synod was privileged to hear this
message, Dr. Abeel, in company with Rev. Mr.
Boone, was sailing up the coast of China, and
on the 2d of February, 1842, landed at Hong-
Kong. After a short stay here they re-em-
barked, still journeying up the coast, until on
Thursday, 11 o'clock a. m., on the 24th of Feb-
ruaiy, before the Treaty of Nankin was con-
cluded, the}^ entered the port of Amoy, and as
the pioneer standard-bearers of the banners of
the cross, set up those emblems in this part of
that benighted land.
Dr. Abeel immediately took up his residence
on the island of Kolohgsu, then occupied by the
British troops. The house that he occu-
pied stands to-day in good repair, underneath
the branches of a great and large banyan tree.
It is sort of a relic, or an heirloom, which we
FOUNDING OF THE AMOY MISSION. 59
think shoiild belong- to us. When Dr. Abeel
and Bishop Boone liinded, the island of Kolong-
su was in possession of the British troops. They
were received Yery kindly by Major and Mrs.
Cowper, and tendered every hospitality possi-
ble. Major Cowper escorted Dr. Abeel about
to inspect the houses, and gave him his choice
where he might peiinanently establij^i himself.
But there was not much choice, as the English
soldiers, in seai-ch of fire^^'0()d, and Chinese like-
wise in search of plunder, had made havoc with
them all. The one had strip] )ed them of all
inflammable material, and the other had toni
up every brick on the floors in search of buried
wealth. But a choice had to be made, and Dr.
Abeel chose this house, Avitli a Jarger room in
the centre and a smaller room on each side. On
each si<]e of the entrance there is also an inde-
pendent projecting building, composed of one
or more rooms which might be used for a kitchen
or storeroom, or servant's quarters. As soon as
possible Dr. Abeel set to work making the neces-
sary repairs, and by Saturday, February 2()th,
moved in and took posses>sion.
In addition to commencing work immediately
amongst the Chinese, Dr. Abeel gratuitously
rendered service to the English troops by con-
ducting an English service for them in his own
house from time to time. It is a sacred spot,
for here, we may say, was born the grand work
AA'hich our eyes are permitted to witness to-
day. It has long ago passed into the hands
of others, and save by one man, the fact
60 riFTY YEAES IN AMOY.
of Dr. Abeel ever having lived there is for-
gotten.
So suspicions are the present occupants of
foreigners that when a party of missionaries-
and friends desired to enter and let their eyes
rest for a moment upon the rooms where this
sainted and holy man lived, they wei^ absolutely
denied all admission.
One week after their arrival, March 3d,
they made their first visit to the city of
Amoy. The cordiality and kindness of the na-
tives suri)a«sed their most sanguine expecta-
tions. Unmolested, they were allowed to hold
services and distribute religious books and other
literature.
After the peace was declared and the Treaty
of Nanldn (1842) concluded, the officials and dig-
nitaries of that district seemed to vie with each
other in their attempts to A^'elcome the mission-
aries of the cross. ''The head Mandarin, the
naval commander-in-chief, and the highest civil
authorities invited them to their houses, I'e-
tiu-ned their visits, received their books, listened
to their instructions, accompanied and assisted
them in their excursions into the surroundtug
country.'' ''In April (1842) the Imperial Power
made a complete change of rulers at Amoy.
But the new rulers displa^^ed to the mission-
aries the same kindness they had experienced
from their predecessors. They even aided them
in procuring conveyances to make excursions
further and more extensive than could be al-
lowed by the imperial edicts. They were re-
FOUNDING OF THE A^IOY mSSION. GI
C€ived by the people with equal favor. .Such
confidence they inspired that at one time two
contending villages, instead of settling their
disputes, accordmg to usual custom, by combat,
agreed to refer their differences to the mission-
aries, as umpires."
Thus encouraged, they spurred on in their
course, making tours into the neighboring coun-
try "as far as the city of Chiang-Chiu," twenty-
five miles west of Amoy. Preaching, instruct-
ing, social prayer meetings, Bible classes, were
the order of the day. Instant in season and out
of season. Dr. Abeel and M;i\ Boone went every-
where they could, teaching and preaching "in
His name," until the 22d of June, 1844, when
they had the pleasure of welcoming as fellow-
laborers Rev. Messrs. Doty and Pohlman. Dr.
Abeel was not permitted to witness any re-
ward of his labor in Amoy. On tlie 24th of
January, 1845, on account of completely shat-
tered health, he was compelled to leave the
work he loved and set out upon a journey home
—and there the Lord called him to serve Him
above, September 4th, 184G.
CHAPTER A III.
THE SUCCESSION OF MISSIONARIES.
DAVID ABEEL, D. D., 1842-'45.
Dr. Abeel was bom at New Brunswick, N. J.,
June 12tli, 1804. At fifteen years of age, fail-
ing to secure an entrance into West Point Mili-
tar}^ Academy, he turned his attention to the
study of medicine. It Avas Avliile in pursuance
of this course of study that his heart was
touched by Divine gi'ace, and ever after lie de-
voted his life to tlie service of his Master.
At the age of nineteen, in the autumn of 1823,
he began fitting- himself for his life-work by
entering the theological seminary at New Bruns-
wick. After a preparation of three years, not
only in the '' school of the prophets/' but in that
school of personal experience, Avhere cme gets
the best tuition for the ministry, viz.: down
among the sad and lonely ones, nunistering unto
the poor, "the sick and afiiicted,'' he began his
labors in the little village of Athens, Green
County, N. Y., May 26th, 1826.
For a little more than two years he was per-
mitted to labor in this ^dneyard, when failing
health compelled him to resign and seek the
warmer airs of St. Thomas, of the West Indies.
Dr. Abeel was a conscientious, deeply spiritual
man. His holy life was a power. He was a
man of much prayer, and, like Daniel of old,
Rev. David Abeel, D. D.
THE SUCCESSION OF MISSIONAEIES. 63
would retire (luring the hours of the day and
commune with his Lord. He set before himself
the very highest and best ideal, even his Mas-
ter, Jesus Christ. Complete self-consecration
to the service of the Master in the promotion of
the welfare of his fellowmen was his high and
holy aim. So it was not strange that his mind
often reflected upon the condition of the heathen
world, and that in the first flush of manhood he
heard and heeded the voices calling out of
darhness bidding him to come over and help.
Only a man possessed of indomitable pluck
and perseverance and eminent piety would have
braved the dangers and perils that David Abeel
did. Never robust after his ministerial labors
at Athens, once at death's door, and never re^
covering from an organic affection of the hearty
yet this devoted and courageous 3^oung soldier,
undaunted and fearless, pushed on bearing the
banners of the cross until he had unfurled those
emblems on many isles of the Southern Pacific
and the heathen lands of the Orient. On the
14th of October, 1829, he sailed in the ship
Eoman, Capt. Lavender, from New York for
China, and after four months and eleven days
he reached Canton, February 25th, 1830.
Dr. Abeel went out under the patronage oif
the Seamen's Friend Society, but at the same
time made a conditional appointment with the
A. B. C. F. M. (who were about to establish a
mission in China), viz.: that if at the ^xpirai-
tion of a year he saw the way opened, and felt
it his duty to engage in missionary work, he
64 FIFTY YEAES IN AMOY.
would sever the relations with the S. F. S. and
devote his services to the A. B. C. F. M,.
Dr. Abeel went out in company with Elijah
C. Bridgman, who was under appointment of
the A. B. C. F. M.
Their passage and support for one year was
contributed by a merchant, David W. 0. Olyph-
ant, Esq., who was engaged in the Canton trade
in connection with Talbot & Co., of New York.
He was deeply interested in this missionary en-
terprise, and not only furnished the finances
for this one year, but it was by his presentation
of facts and arguments that the work was com-
m,ended by the A. B. C. F. M. (1830). This was
the first American mission represented in China.
After serving the vSeamen's Friend Society
for ten months. Dr. Abeel tendered his resig-
nation, and in December, 1830, transferred his
services to the A. B. C. F. M. Then began his
missionary journeys to Java, Siam, Singapore,
Malacca, Borneo and the different islands of the
Eastern Archipelago, and finally to Amoy,
China, where he establishe;! the work we review
toj-day. Besides, he traveled far and Vide,
visiting Christian nations, such as England,
France, Holland, Prussia, Switzerland and
America, stirring up churches and awakening
a missionary fervor in behalf of the cause of
foreign missions.
He died in Albany, N. Y., September 4th,
1846, at the age of forty-two, leading the mem-
ory of a holy and consecrated life behind him
and the foundations of a work laid deep and
Rev. Elihu Dotv
THE SUCCESSION OF MISSIONARIES. 65
strong, til Jit will last so long as time endures.
^e rests from Ms labors in the beautiful ceme-
tery of Greenwood. Brooklyn. His works do fol-
low him.
He was the founder of the Amoy Mission,
February 24th, 1842.
REV. ELIIIU DOTY, 1844- '65.
Mi\ Doty, son of Stephen and Phebe Nelson
Doty, was born at Berne, Albany County, N.
Y., September 9th, 1809. He attended the
village school until he w^as thirteen years
old, when he became a clerk in the store
of Jacob Settle, Berne, N. Y., and remained
with him until he w^as nineteen years old.
Faithful in his duties, he was honored and
loved by all. At the age of seventeen or eigh-
teen he became converted, was baptized and
received into communion of the Reformed
Church at Berne, N. Y., November 4th, 1827.
The first seeds of his missionary life were im-
planted in his heart while attending the Sab-
bath-school of this chiu'ch, and after his con-
version he felt it to be his solemn duty to preach
the gosi^el to the heathen. He shortly after
resigned his position in the village store, and
began making preparations for his life-work
by studying with the Rev. Abram H. Meyers,
at that time pastor of the Berne church, in
order to enter Rutger's College. While at
Berne his fellow-student was the Hon. Joseph
P. Bradley, and the two men were always close
friends. He entered college in the year 1830,
66 FIFTY YEARS IN AMOY.
when he was about twenty years ohl, ''and
npon this account he overleaped — not by his
own suggestion, but by the earnest advice of all
his professors of the college and seniinaiy — ^two
years of the collegiate course." He probably
entered the New Brunswick Theological Semi-
nary in 1833, and after a full course, gTaduated
in 1836, when he was ordained a missionaiy,
alnd on the 18th of June of the same year em-
barked for Java, where he was appointed to be-
gin his missionary efforts.
The year 1836 marked a new epoch in the^
history of foreign missions of the Reformed
(Dutch j Church. A deeper and a wider interest
had been already aroused by the closer union
with the A. l^. C. F. M. which had been con-
summated in the year 1832. The new responsi-
bility excited the entire Church to a greater
earnestness in belialf of the salvation of the
heathen. But it w^as in the spring of ]836
that the whole Church was moved to a greater
consecration than ever before. This AAas occa-
sioned by the announcement that four young
men, viz.: Elihu Doty, Elbert Nevius, Will-
iam Youngblood and Jacob Ennis, of the New
Brunswick Theological Seminary, had offered
themselves and had been accepted for the for-
eign fiehl. One may easily imagine how deeply
the hearts of all the people were impressed in
the early history of missions when it became
fully known that these four young men had at
one time consecrated their lives to the foreign
service for the Master.
THE SUCCESSION OF MISSIONAEIES. G7
On the 30tli of May, 1836, in the Michlle Dutch
'Church in New York, they were fonnally set
:apart for the solemn office of preaching the
Gospel to the heathen, and there received their
instructions to proceed to Java to found a mis-
sion on that island, hoping thereby to receive
favors and encouragements from the Du;tch
Oovernment in their new enterprise. But their
reception was entirely the reverse of what they
had expected. Arrinng at Batavia (Sept. 15th,
183G), the jealousies and suspicions of .the Dutch
government were immediately aroused, and
they were detained for more than a year, not
being allowed to proceed with their labors.
Finally tney were allowed to proceed and locate
their mission at Borneo. Mr. Doty started
ahead and reached Sambas, June 17th, 1839.
Mr. Youngblood arrived September 19th the
«ame year, while Mr. Nevius, on account of the
ill-health of his wife, was obliged to proceed
to Singapore. Subsequently Messrs. Pohlman
ami Thompson joined the workers at Borneo,
where, upon their arrival, Messrs. Doty and
Pohlmau gave themselves to the welfare of the
"Chinese immigrants, who had come there seek-
ing fortunes, while Messrs. Youngblood and
Thompson confined their labors to the Dyachs
and Malays.
After laboring here some four or five years,
Messrs. Doty and Bohlman began to realize
that this .especial work that they had chosen
w^ias more or less circumscribed, and that tliey
could accomi^lish far greater results in wider
08 FIFTY YEARS IX AMOY.
fields that were already waiting for them in
China. So nnder the direction of the Home Board
(A. B. C. F. M.) they left Borneo in April, 1844,
and arrived at Amoy, China, in June, and be-
came co-laborers with Dr. David Abeel in the
w^ork that he had already founded.
Mr. Doty's life was a very checkered one.
His efforts in the Indian Archipelago were, so far
as human knowledge would lead us to suppose,
a signal failure, while his efforts in Amoy were
crowned with marked success. As Dr. Cham-
bers said at the time of his death, ''A shai^er
contrast can hardly be furnished by the entire
history of missions than that which existed be-
tween the fruitless toil in Borneo and the golden
harvest in Amoy. But he was the same man in
both. The ill-success did not dishearten, large
ingatherings did not puff up. He stood in his
lot where the Master sent him, and knew how
to labor and to wait, and knew, also, that the
faithful herald of the cross is a sweet savor of
Christ in them that ai*e saved, and in them that
perish."
Sorrows and afflictions were multiplied dur-
ing almost the entire course of his earthly pil-
grimage. The shadow^s that death cast across
his pathway' were indeed dark. First of all, he
was called upon to mourn the death of the '' ge-
nial and wiiming" Dr. Abeel, then the death of
liis first wife (Eleanor Ackley), then the death
of his fellow-laborer and companion, Mr. Pohl-
man, in 1848, then the death of his second Tvdfe
(Mary Smith), in 1858.
THE SUCCESSION OF MISSIONARIES. 69
Yet, the lights and shadows that plaj'ed across
3iis life brought out in fuller relief the gi^and
and noble character of this verj unostentatious
man. Patiently and submissively he bore his
every trial. Modestly and becomingl}^ he ac-
cepted the success of his labors, that God
:granted unto him.
He was eminently pious. Hirs life breathed
a beautiful Christian, spirit, and intercourse with
him showed that he lived near his Master, and
w^as full of love to tlie Saviour, to His cause and
His people. He was not brilliant nor profound,
but he was laborious and determined, deemed
by many a mere plodder, but he plodded success-
fully. Whatever he undertook to do, he did with
his whole might. He was conscientious in every
duty and spared not his strength to perform it
to the end, and his death was due to overwork.
Owing to the lack of co-laborers, he was com-
pelled to do more than he could safely perform.
For fourteen years he labore<l wdth but a sin-
gle companion, first with Mr. Pohlman and after-
ward with Dr. Talmage. "The harvest was
white and perishing before his eyes," "and he
hesitated not in thrusting in his sickle early and
late, in season and out of season," until his
strength entirely failed him.
Much time of his latter years was devoted to
the literary work of ^the mission, a department
for which, by his habits of accuracy, his candor,
judgment and freedom from caprice and preju-
dice, he was admirably fitted. In 1865 he left
his chosen field to return to his native land to
70 FIFTY YEARS IN AMOY.
(lie amcng liis friends. But God ordered it other-
wise; he departed this life four days before
reaching the coasts of America, at the age of
fifty-six. His remains were brought on and
the funeral services held in the Middle Dutch
Church, Lafayette place, New York, on March
27,th, 18G5, where thirty years before he was
commissioned, and was laid to rest at Troy
Hills, N. J., the home of his second wife, there
to await the glorious resurrection.
At Amoy, his real work was accomplished.
''There stands his monument upon the coast of
China, fair as the sun, in a group of churches —
burning lights among millions of heathen, with
every element of strength, expansion and per-
petuity."
Mrs. Eleanor (Ackley) Doty, 1844-'45^; Mrs.
Mary (Smith) Doty, 1847-'58.i
W. J. POHLMAN, 1844-'49.
Mr. Pohlman was born in Albany, N. Y., Feb-
ruary 17th, 1812. Leaving the parental roof
w^hen he was twelve years of age, his young and
inexperienced life came in contact with severe
and so great temptations that he was nearly
swept from the moorings of his faith and piety,
Instilled into his heart by his faithful parents.
For four years he was tossed about upon the
billows of temptation and sin, conviction and
relapses, good resolutions and broken vows,
"the struggles between a tempting world and a
tempting adversary on the one hand, and a
(1) Died; buried at Amoy, China.
THE SUCCESSION OF MISSIONARIES. 71
conscience breathing dismay aiid terror on the
other." But at last the good conquered, and
hTs conversion was sudden and almost as vivid
as Paul's on his way to Damascus; and, as in
Paul's case, he was chosen of God to carry the
Gospel to the Gentiles far away from his home
land. His joy over the assurance of full re-
demption, his praise over redeeming love, he
could scarcely frame in words — so full was his
heart. This change occurred at Geneva, N. Y.,
in 1S28, where he was living with a sister, to
whose loving, sisterly devotion and patience his
conversion was due (so far as human agency can
work). Soon after he decided to study for the
ministry, and at twenty entered the junior class
at Rutger's College, 1834. Subsequently grad-
uating from the New Brunswick Seminary
(1837), he was ordained by the Classis of Al-
bany, April 18th, 1838. His attention to the
heathen world was probably first called by
hearing a returned missionary from the Sand-
wich Islands preach shortly after his conversion.
He was deeply" impressed. This impression Avas
intensifi.ed by an address delivered before the
students of the College, February, 1833, by
Rev. Dr. Wisner, Secretary of the A. B. C. F. M.
"From this time his mind was not at rest until
the beginning of the next year, when, after
many trials and conflicts, arising partly from a
distrust of his own qualifications and partly
from reluctance of near friends, especially of
his aged parents, to part with him, he came
deliberately to the determination that he would.
72 FIFTY YEARS IN AMOY.
devote his life to foreign jiiissions; and froinr
that hour everything else was made subordinate
and subservient to the accomplishment of this
one grand object"; and his consecrated and de-
voted spirit is breathed forth on the pages of a
letter he forwarded to the A. B. C. F. M.
"Time has only served to strengthen the de-
cision which was calmly and dispassionately
made. After repeated reviews of the same, I
am confirmed and settled. I cannot now doubt
for a moment; mine was not a rash or a hasty
conclusion. If there are no contrary indica-
tions, I must go; I cannot stay. Eeceive me
under your care as a candidate for the mission-
ary service; I wish to be enlisted for life. If
in your view I can be of any service, I lay my
all at your feet. Silver and gold have I none,
but such as I have give I thee. Send me abroad
to publish glad tidings to the idol-serving na-
.tions. Send me to the most desert part of all
the howling wilderness of heathenism, to the
most barbarous climes, or to more civilized re-
gions. Send me to the millions of pagans, to the
followers of the false prophet, to the Jews or
the Gentiles, to Catholics or Protestants. Send
me, in fine, wherever God opens an effectual
door. Send me, for the necessity is laid upon me ;
yea, woe is unto me if I preach not the Gospel
to the perishing heathen." (Manual Eeformed
Church, etc.)
He was accepted, but before he departed he
was employed by the Board of Foreign Missions
of the Reformed (Dutch) Church (then acting in
THE SUCCESSION OF MISSIONARIES. 73
concert witli the A. B. C. F. M.), visiting the
churches, and several thousand dollars were
raised, as well as much enthusiasm aroused in
the behalf of missions, through his earnest ap-
peals.
Mr. Pohlman, with his wife (a sister of Dr.
John Scudder,' of Indian fame), left for their
mission field on the 25th of May, 1838. Like
his brethren who had preceded him at Amoy,
his labors began elsewhere, having first visited
Java, Singapore and Borneo. He arrived in
Amoy in company with Mr. Doty, June 24th,
1844.
Through his solicitations and influence among
friends at home, money was secured for the
erection of the first church building of Amoy
January, 1849, at the cost of |3,000, now occu-
pied by the members of the First Church, Amoy.
This was the first church erected in China, ex-
clusively used for Chinese worship. Thus, the
temple stands an honor to this man and a monu-
m.ent to his faith and zeal.
He was cut off in the midst of his years and
not permitted to witness this crowning act of
his life in its full cordpletion; for it Avas while
on a voyage from Hong-Kong, whence he had
^one to procure lamps for the edifice, that he
lost his life at sea.
"He set out to return to Amoy on the 2d of
January (1849) in the schooner Omega. On the
morning of the 5th or Gth the vessel struck, in
a fearful gale, near Breakers' Point, about half
way between Hong-Kong and Amoy." All on
74 FIFTY YEARS IN AMOY.
Board perislied save one, either at the hands of
the pirates who infested those shores, or by
the overwhehning waters.
The people at Amoy were waiting Mr. Pohl-
man's return, when they expected to dedicate
the new structure. His funeral service and the
dedication exercises were held at one and the
same time, February 11th, 1*849.
Mrs. Theodosia R. (Scudder) Pohlman, 1844-
'45".
J. V. N. TALMAGE, D. D., 1847-'92.
Yery modestly, yet so characteristic of the
writer of the ''Sketch of the Auioy Mssion,''
China (1888), the author closes up the biogra-
phies of those whom he called the founders of
the Amoy Mission with these Avords: ''So there
is no need in this paper to mention the names of
those succeeding them.''
As it was said of Dr. Abeel, so it could be
said of Dr. Talmage: "The crowning beauty"
of this man's life was "his humility." If Abeel
and Dot}^ and Pohlman laid solid and deep the
foundations upon the bed-rock of sound ortho-
doxy. Dr. Talmage builded no less sagaciously,
strongly and solidly thereon. For nearly the
entire history of the Amoy Mission (up to 1802)
he has watched and guarded sacredly the trust
committed to his care. His faithfulness and
wisdom and love ai'e written in indelible char-
acters on dome and spire, on walls and columns,
(2) Died ; buried at Aiuoy, Cliina.
Rev. John V. N. Talmage, D. D.
THE SUCCESSION OE MISSIONAEIES. 75
on cornice and entablature, on chancel and nave
of the structure we behold this day.
When he was taken away, if it was not one
of the great stones in the foundations, surely
it was one of the strong pillars of the super-
structure.
Dr. Talma ge was born at Somerville, N. J.,
August 18th, 1819. Consecrated to God at
his birth, he was early led to give his heart into
His keeping. The name in old English used to
be spelled Tollemache, and Dr. Talmage used
to jokingly say he was a descendant of Tele-
machus.
" There was a pathetic scene fifty years ago in
a New Jersey farm-house. A tender, loving,
Christian mother was giving warm welcome to
her son, who had just graduated from college
with higti nonors (1842). Only a mother's heart
can realize the joy and pride she felt in her boy,
who had distinguished himself and done credit
to the family name. He was her boy and in-
expressibly dear to her. What then must have
been her emotions when he told her, gently but
firndy, that he had been led to consecrate his
life to service for Christ in China. China was
a long way off in those days, and its people hos-
tile to missionaries; how could she bear to hear
of her dearly beloved son going into peril even
in such a cause. ^Oh, John !' she exclaimed. Ma-
ternal love had its way for a moment, and then
the higher nature in her triumphed, and she
said: 'I prayed to God for this, and He has
answered. How can I object?' They were
76 FIFTl^ YEARS IN AMOY.
brave words, which no mother couhi have ut-
tered but one in whom love of G^od held the
highest place. They remind one of another
mother who long ago heard with joy the bless-
ings which would come to the world through
the babe she held in her arms; but heard, too,
that ^a sword should pierce through her own
soul also.' With faith like that of Abraham,,
she would not withhold her son when God called
for him." (^'Christian Herald.")
Graduating from ^New Brunswick Seminary
in 1845, he immediately offered himself to the
Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed
(Dutch) Church, but on account of lack of
finances, he was obliged to wait two years be-
fore he was commissioned. In the meantime^
he served the Middle Church of Brooklyn.
In April, 1847, he sailed away for the far off
coasts of China, where he arrived after a four
months' voyage.
His life was one of ceaseless activity. " Preach-
ing and teaching in the theological semmary,
long tours into the interior, the preparation of
books,'' and sought by all foreigners and natives
for counsel, direction and sympathy — all made
his life an intensely active and useful one. Chi-
nese officials, the literati, merchants and com-
mon people, Europeans and Americans, not only
confided in him, respected him and loved him,
but held him in high honor for his eminent
scholarship, his intellectual force and his
Christian character^ His home was always
opened to all comers, and all received a kind
THE SUCCESSION OF MISSIONAEIES. 77
and hospitable welcome. So whether they came
seekiDg social enjo^anent or the solution of some
vexing problem, the^^ fonnd just what they
sought — none ever sought in vain here. An<l
up and down that extended coast line of China,
perhaps there w^as not another home so well
known as his.
He began his literary work early in his career
and kept it up until the very end. Five years
after his arrival he produced a primer (pp. 30,
1852). Next followed a first reader (pp. 17,
1853). In the same year (1853) he also made a
translation of Burn's "Version of Pilgi^im's
Progress." Then followed translations of Luke's
Gospel, and tlie Epistles to the Galatians, Ephe-
sians and rhilippians, and the epistles general
of John and Peter. These translations were all
rendered in Amoy Romanized colloquial — a sys-
tem of writing the Chmese language (in use only
the past thirty years) that has not only made it
possible for old and young alike in that region
to read and write, but has done more toward the
spiritual enlightenment of that people than
whole centuries of the old, but more literary,
method could or can hope to accomplish.
He gave his best efforts toward the develop-
ment and use of this Romanized colloquial, so
all his works are in this style. Perhaps it made
him appear less scholarly, and received less ap-
plause, but it brought light and knowledge to
the very homes of thousands, who would never
have had either without this system. That was
all the reputation and applause that this man
78 FIFTY YEARS IN AMOY.
sought. He crowned his life-work (completing:
it at Bound Brook) ^^dth a work entitled "The
Amoy Colloquial Dictionary" — a scholarly work
which will be of great service to all missionaries
wdio may labor in that district, as well as to the-
native Christians of Amoy and Formosa.
Few indeed have been permitted to see how
great things God hatK Avrought, what changes^
have taken place, in their appointed lifetime, as.
was granted unto this good man. He went to
Amoy in the first bloom of manhood, and from,
start to finish he threw into the work a con-
secrated zeal and a devoted enthusiasm. When,
he arrived in Amoy there were no churches, no
schools, no Christian homes, no hospitals, and
only three converts. When he left there were
2,000 converts, seventeen churches, and as many
pastors under Presbyterian order alone, a theo-
logical seminary, a training school for women;,
and boys' and girls' schools and hospitals scat-
tered throughout that district.
In July, 1889, after a period of forty-two
years of ser\ice, in consequence of an enfeebled
and broken body, he was compelled to relinquish
all active participation in his chosen work, and
returned to the land of his birth, seeking rest
and strength, with the expectation of thus being
able to take up the work he so reluctantly had
to leave.
Until the very last that star of hope never-
set. Even when he was fast sinking into the
blessed rest, the last beams of that hope were
faintly gleaming. He said then: "It seems.
Residence of Rev. Dr. Talmage.
THE SUCCESSION OF MISSIONAEIES. 79
HOW as though I may never get back to Amoy."
It was still only "seeming" — not a settled fact
with him. It shows how intently his heart was
set on his life-work. And if there was one im-
fulfilled wish in his life, it was only this, that
he might die and be buried among the people
for whom he had given all — his best. But it
was not to be. His work was done, fully and
w^ell done — all done.
At Bound Brook, N. J., on the 19th of August,
1892, he fell asleep, and rests from his labors.
In that building in Somerville, N. J., where
he was baptized and gave his heart to (iod, ivas
his body takeii on August 22d, 1892, "for the
services with which believing friends committed
the precious dust to the earth in firm hope of
a glorious resurrection.''
Silently, yet gloriously, his sun went down
behind the hills of time, and for many a day its
splendor wil! adorn the sides before it has en-
tirely set beyond our view — its memory, never.
Mrs. Abby F. (Woodruff) Talmage, 1850-'62;
Mrs. Mary E. (Van Deventer) Talmage, 1864
. Rev. J. S. Joralman, 1855-'58: Mrs.
Martha B. (Condit) Joralman, 1855-'58.
Rev. and ^Irs. Joralman left Amoy in the year
1858 on account of the dangerous illness of the
latter. Had health and strength permitted,
they, with many others whom the trying clime
had banished, would have been laboring in
these fields to-day. Their hearts are there.
After their return, they served the Church at
Fairview, 111., for twenty-six ye-ars. They then
80 FIFTY YEARS Ix\ AMOY.
removed to Norwood Park, 111., now a suburb
of Chicago, and still serve that Church (1892).
LOCATED AT AMOY— EVANGELISTIC WORK.
Rev. Daniel Eapalje, 1858; Mrs. Alice (Os-
trum) Eapalje, 18T8; Rev. Alvin Ostrum, 1858-
'64; Mrs. Susan (Webster) Ostrum, 1858-'G4.
Rev. and Mrs. Ostrum were also compelled to
leave the enervating climate of Ainoj. He
spent two years at home recuperating, and in
1866 became Stated Supply over the Church at
Franklin, N. J., South Classis of Bergen. In
1868 was chosen pastor of this church, and
served it two years. While at Franklin, Mrs.
Ostrum departed this life. Lea\ang Franldin
in 1870, he moved to Tomhannock, having ac-
cepted a call from the Presbyterian churches of
Tomhannock and Johnsonville, Rensselaer
County, N. Y.
In 1871-^72 he served the Presbyterian church
at State Centre, Iowa. Subsequently he set-
tled in Navada, Iowa, where he had charge of a
Presbyterian church for more than a year.
In 1875 he moved to Southern California,
serving consecutively the three Presbyt-erian
churches of San Luis Obispo, Carpenteria and
Oroville. About 1882, under the patronage of
the CongTegational Board of Home Missions, he
settled at MuiT)hys, Calaveras County, Cal., and
for three years took charge of all the work in
that county. He was th eonly minister in Calav-
eras County and preached in twenty-three dif-
ferent places.
In April, 1886, he received and accepted a call
TPIE SUCCESSION OF iVHSSIONAEIES. 81
from the Congregational Cliurcli (supported by
American sugar planters) at Koliala, Hawaiian
Islands. Here he is still serving the Church,
and in conjunction with Rev. Frank Damon,
devotes much labor looking after the spiritual
welfare of the Chinese, Japanese and Portri-
g-uese immigrants.
Rev. John E. Watkins, I860; :Mrs. Sarah A.
(Heuston) Watkins, 1860.
These beloved missiouaries Avere never per-
mitted to enter upon their chosen work. They
sailed in the ship Edwin Forrest in August,
1860, and no tidings were ever received of her
fate.
They have long ago dropped anchor along the
shores of the Golden Seas; and instead of re-
porting for duty in the city of Amoy, theirs has
been the blessed privilege of reporting for duty
in that city of light, joy and peace — the City
of the New Jerusalem. There they served Him.
With Mr. and Mrs. Watkins, three of the Amoy
missionaries have found their last resting place
beneath the waters of the mighty sea, while
Mrs. i:ieanor (Ackerly) Doty, Mrs. Mary (Smith)
Doty, Mrs. Theodosia R. (Scudder) Pohlman,
Mrs. Abby (Woodruff) Talmage, Miss Caroline
E. Adriance and two or three children of the
missionaries sleep in the little hallowed ceme-
tery on Kolongsu, Amoy.
" They sleep in Jesus and are blest ;
How sweet their slumbers are,
From suffering and from sin released,
And freed from every care."
'S2 FIFTY YEARS IN AMOY.
MISS CAHOLINE ADRIANCE, 1861-'64.
Two miles south of Auburn, N. Y., at the out-
let of Owasco Lake, stands the Sand Beach
Ohurch (Owasco Outlet Church, Classis-of Mont-
gomery), Eev. Chas. Maar, pastor. Though per-
haps unknown to many of the members of the
Reformed churches, yet, on account of the num-
ber of missionaries, whose names are enrolled
on her records, and who have gone out from
her w-alls to publish the message of salvation
unto the nations sitting in darkness, is worthy
of better acquaintance and wilder reputation.
It was in this church' that Miss Adrianee re-
ceived both her spiritual and missionary educa-
tion.
In 1851, Rev. S. R. Brown, D. D., Avho had
been a foreign missionary at Canton, China,
under the auspices of the Morrison Educational
Society, and in charge of the Morrison Memorial
School at Canton, became pastor of the Sand
Beach Church.
It was under Dr. Brown's instruction, we may
assume, that Miss Adrianee received her mis-
sionary enthusiasm, and by whom was awak-
ened the desire to go and tell the glad tidings
of salvation to the souls perishing in the dark-
ness of heathenism.
Dr. Brown's life was fired with the spirit of
missions, and the flame flow^ed with such bright-
ness that it touched and fired the lives of mem-
bers of his little fiock at Owasco Outlet.
In 1852 a. Ladies' Foreign Mssionary Society
was organized in this church, and Miss Adrianee
THE SUCCESSION OF MISSIONARIES. 83
was one of the charter members — and a very
active and consecrated one. It was in this
school that she for seven years was, uncon-
sciously, perchance, fitting herself both for the
Macedonian call and for usefulness on the for-
eign field.
But a few years go by before that call comes
to the pastor and to his child of faith alike.
Japan had been opened and was readj^ for the
LoriFs harvesters to enter and begin the seed-
sowing in the fallow soil.
So when the call came in 1859 from the Board
of Foreign Missions of^the Reformed (Dutch)
Church to Dr. Brown to go and represent that
denctmination in the "Land of the Rising Sun,"
he was ready to respond most heartily to the
summons.
Others had at the same time received the sum-
mons, and with the same spirit of gladness
obeyed the call. And thus it came to pass that it
was that, instead of one or two, quite a company
set out at that time from that church.
There were, besides Dr. and Mrs. Brown,
Bev^. Guide Verbeck, D. D., and wife. Miss
Mary E. Ki(hler (now Mrs. E. R. Miller, of
North Japan Mission), and Miss Adriance. Some
of them were already, and others of them be-
came, members of this ciliurch before their de-
parture.
Dr. A>rbeck was a graduate of the Auburn
Theological Seminary, and while at Auburn
became a member of this church.. Mrs. Ver-
beck was a member. Miss Kidder was teaching
84 FIFTY YEAES IN AMOY.
at Owasco Outlet in Dr. Brown's school, and
she thus became attached to this church. Hence,
it was that at that time when this little com-
pany set forth for the Orient on the ship Sur-
prise, from New York, in the spring of 1859,
they w^ere all members of the Sand Beach
Church, at Owasco Outlet, N. Y.
This little memoir has to do, however, with
Miss A(]riance.
Caroline Adriance, daughter of Jacob and
Elizabeth Humphrey Adriance, was born in
Scii>io, N. Y., October 29th, 1824. When about
four years old she met»with the greatest loss
wdiich can come to a child in the death of her
mother. So the care of her in childhood deyolved
upon others, who could not feel toward her as
a mother.
There was nothing remarkable about her
childhood, and the only record of those early
years is that she was obedient and affectionate,
and grew^ up to be useful and helpful; yet, there
is a beautiful history written in those lines that
friends may well cherish.
At about the age of sixteen, during a revival
that o(;curre(l in the neighborhood, she was one
among others at that time to decide to accept
Christ as her Saviour. Soon after she made a
public profession of her faith by uniting with
the Sand Beach Church, where she remained a
consistent member until she received the call
to go unto the heathen.
Miss Adriance was a volunteer. The Board
was not in the position to send her at that time,
THE SUCCESSION OF ]\nSSIONARIES. 85
SO she went out at her own expense. And not
only that, but before she left New York she
made her will and bequeathed all her earthly
possessions to the Board of Foreign Missions,
which amounted, at the time of her decease, to
$2,500 or more.
Miss Adriance's friends were very solicitous
about her going alone, and on account thereof
she received no small portion of discouragement
from them to enter upon what seemed a most
hazardous enterprise.
That she made no mistake, and that her life
was full of joy in her work, we have ample testi-
miony in a letter (April 8th, 1861,) of hers to a
cousin now living in Poughkeepsie, N. Y. In
the letter, she writes:
"I recollect well the anxiet^^ you felt on my
account because I was single and alone, with no
protector, and I presume you have often wished
to know how your poor lone cousin was getting
along. Could you have been permitted to have
looked into my home in Japan you would have
seen me surrounded with blessings far more
than you could have imagined. I -^ill not at-
tempt, nor do I wish to make you think that it
was no trial to leave brothers, sisters and friends
to whom I was strongl}^ attached; the dear lit-
tle church of which I was a member; my own
native land, which none could love more than I.
Can any one think that it wa^ not a trial, ajid
a severe one, too, to be separated from all these
with little expectation of ever seeing them
again ? But, strong as are ties which are (for a
80 FIFTY YEARS IN AMOY.
season, at least,) severed, I do not regret the
course I have taken, and I am not sorry I am
in Japan. I trust I am where the Father would
have me, and that He has somethmg for me to
do in this far off land."
Her chosen lot was with the laborers at Yoko-
hama, Japan, but finding that she could not
pursue the work she had set out to do among
the women of Japan, withdrew from the field
and joined the Mission at Amoy some time in
1861.
Here also she was only permitted to labor
for three brief years, when death cut off her
life of usefulness March 5th, 1864; yet, during
that time, by her beautiful Christian character
and unsparing devotion, she endeared herself
to all with whom and for whom she had
labored.
Loving hands laid her to rest in the little
hallowed cemetery on Kolongsu, where others
of the Amoy Mission lie sleeping their calm and
peaceful slumbers.
Over her grave, in that far off land, stands
a modest little monument, with best of inspira-
tions that one might Avish for at life's close:
"She hath done what she could."
LOCATED AT SIO- KITE— EVAXGELI STIC WORK.
Kev. Leonard W. Kip, D. D., 1861; Mrs. Helen
(Culburtson) Kip, 1864^; Kev. Augustus Blau-
velt, 1861-'64; Mrs. Jennie (Zabriskie) Blauvelt,
186l-'64.
(3) Died; buried at Amoy, China.
THE SUCCESSION OF :NnSSIONAmES. 87
Mr. and Mrs. Blauvelt left Amoy August 30th,
1864, and arrived in this country the close of
December. Mrs. Blauvelt's health was shat-
tered, and as there was no i)rospect of her being
able to return within a year or two, Mr. Blau-
velt proposed to the Board that they send him
back to China and leave his family in this coun-
try. "The sacrifice did not seem called for,
though it excited the hearty admiration of the
Board for the spirit which prompted it."
In 18G5-'G6 he became pastor of the Bloom-
ingdale (K. Y.) church, Classis of Ulster, and
served it until 1871-'72. For a number of years
past, on account of an enfeebled mind, he has
been unable to manage his affairs.
REV. HOWARD VAN DOREN, 1864-'73.
Mr. Van Doren was compelled to leave his
work on account of weak eyes, which threatened
total blindness.
On his return to America he server! the
churches at Cato, N, Y., Classis of Geneva, for
two years, 1874-'76; Tyre, same Classis, 1876-
'82; Gallupville, N. Y., Classis of Schoharie,
1883-'86; Esopus, N. Y., Classis of Ulster, 1887-
'92; Bath-on-Hudson (new organization), 1892 — .
MISS HELEN M. VAN DOREN, 1870-'77.
Miss Van Doren was one of the faithful work-
ers of the Mission, and it was a great loss when
ill-health compelled her to return to the home-
land. She had charge of the girls' school, which
was organized just about the time of her arrival,
88 FIFTY YEARS IN AMOY.
and she also (lid a great deal of country work,
visiting the women of the out-stations in com-
pany with the Misses Talmage.
JOHN A. DAVIS.
Mrs. Emma C. (Wyckoff) Davis, 1868-'71.
Hi-health banished these two also from the
list of active workers at Amoy. ^Ir. Davis
served the Board for two years after his arrival
in America; then served the churches at Palis-
ades, N. J., Classis of Bergen, 1872-'73 ; Potters-
ville, N. J., Classis of Karitan, 1873-'78; Oyster
Bay, L. I., North Classis of Long Island, 1878-
'82; Second, Newark, N. J., Classis of Newark,
1883-'89. He is now serving a Presbyterian
church at Hempstead, L. I., 1802.
LOCATED AT AJNIOY.
Miss Mary E. Talmage, 1874; Rev. David M.
Talmage, 1877-'80.
Mr. Talmage was obliged to leave his chosen
field on account of his poor health. So shat-
tered was his streng-th that several years passed
before he fully recovere<L Pastor Bound Brook,
N. J., 1882-'84; Clarkstown, N. Y., 1885-'87;
Westwood, N. J., 1888.
MISS CATHARINE M. TALMAGE, 1881.
Miss Talmage went to China in 1874, and, not-
withstanding her poor eyesight, at once engaged
in the active work of the Mission. She labored
on independently in this way for seven years,
when in 1881 she was regularly appointed by the
Board.
THE SUCCESSION OF mSSIONAEIES. 89*
LOCATED AT AIMOY-EVANGELISTIC WORK.
Eev. Alexander S. Van Dyke, 1882; Mrs.
Alice (Kip) Van Dyke, 188G.
located at amoy-educatioxal work.
(acade:\iical.) *
Rev. Philip W. Pitcher, 1885; Mrs. Anita F.
(Merritt) Pitcher, 1885.
LOCATED AT SIO-KHE— MEDICAL WORK.
Miss Y. May King, M. D., 1887-'88; John A.
Otte, M. D., 1887;* Mrs. F. C. (Phelps) Otte,
1887.
LOCATED AT AMOY-EDUCATIONAL WORK.
(THEOLOGICAL.)
Rev. John Gr. Fagg, 1887; Mrs. Margaret (Gil-
lespie) Fagg, 1889.
LOCATED AT AMOY.
Miss E. M. Cappon, 1891.
LOCATED AT SIO-KHE.
Miss Nellie Zw^emer, 1891; Miss M. C. Mor-
rison, 1892.
CHAPTER IX.
MISSIONAEY METHODS AND AGENCIES.
In every missionary enterprise in China there
are fonr clear and well-defined departments of
evangelization, viz.: Evangelistic, medical, edu-
cational and the press.
The Amoy Mission has been characterized as
being a "preaching mission." And it is true,
yet it would be erroneous to suppose that the
preaching had been confined to the chapels and
churches. The same blessed Word has been
preached, not only in the chapels and on the
streets, but in the medical and educational insti-
tutions, and in the books and tracts and other
literature that have been issued from her
presses as well. The aim has been to preach
as beautiful sermons in the wards of the hos.-
pitals, the school-room, and from the printed
page as from the sacred desk, thus sowing the
Word broadcast.
Still, the church has been paramount. The
church has been of the first importance and al-
ways led the way — the hospitals, the schools
folloAving as accessories, or, as new channels
through which the Word might run and be
glorified. To this true order of our enter-
prise, the substantial results we now wit-
ness are in no small measure due. Medical and
mSSIONARY IVIETHODS AND AGENCIES. 91
educational work and tlie press have been con-
sidered of gi^eat importance— in fact, indispens-
able— but all these departments have ever been
kept '^ subservient, to the proclamation of the
OospeL'-
We propose to review these four depart-
ments as briefly as possible, and endeavor to
ascertain what each has accomplished in these
'^^ty years.
CHAPTER X.
THE CHUECH OF CIIKIST IN CHINA.
At the present time three missionary societies
are represented at Amoy, yiz.: The Eeformed
(Dutch) Church (1842^), the London Mission
(18441), and the English Presbyterian (1850),
in the order of their establishment.
There have been other societies represented,
but only for a brief period. The American
Episcopal Church was represented in 1842 by
Bishop Boone, who arrived at Amoy with Dr.
Abeel; and the American Presbyterian Church
(North) was represented for awhile longer by
J. C. Hepburn, M. D., from 1843 to 1845, and by
Rev. John Loyd from 1844 to 1848.
After the death of Rev. Mr. Loyd, the Ameri-
can Presbyterian Church withdrew and passed
their interests over to the Reformed (Dutch)
Church, and established themselves elsewhere
in the Em]>ire.
Rev. Mr. Boone did not remain long enough
to establish any permanent work, and no repre-
sentative succeeded him at Amoy.
The London Mission Society represents the
Congregational or Independent polity of church
government, and so all their churches have been
established at Amoy after that order, and thus
(1) Established.
THE CIIURGII OF CHRIST IN CHINA. 93
its representatives have worked independeiitly.
lUit the other two societies, viz.: Reformed
(Dutchj Cliiirc]]. and the English Presbyterian
€lmrch, being closely allied by their ecclesiasti-
cal politj* became so united in all their efforts
that they have been practically one mission from
the start. Perfect harmony has existed between
these two bodies, and together have they la-
bored to establish one church under the Presby-
terian order, but which should be neither Ameri-
can, Dutch, or English, but the Church of Christ
in China, literally the "Holy Church of Jesus."
Only for the sake of economy were there any
lines that in any way indicated a separation be-
tween these two societies, and they were these:
First: Each society keeping its own "pecuniary
matters distinct"; second: Each society having
\ts own field, with its particular chapels and
churches under its particular supervision. There
was nothing else to distinguish them— if this can
be called a distinction. Au<l even here the lines
were so finely drawn as to be almost unob-
sei'vable, because each was sometimes responsi-
ble for the work to be done in the other's terri-
tory.
As we have already recorded, the missionaries
at Amoy were well received, both by officials
and by the people. And they went everywhere
preaching the Gospel, healing the sick, dis-
tributing tracts unmolested, "the Lord work-
ing with them, confirming the work with signs
following." Thus the good work was continuetl
until in 1856, when the solemn responsibility
94 FIFTY YEARS IN AMOY.
fell upon the missionaries of the Eeformed
(Dutch) Church to organize the first church of
Amoj. Then, too, the question arose, what wa)s
the church to be? What was it to be called?
Was it to be the English Presbyterian, or the
American, or the Dutch, or the English- Ameri-
ean-Dutch-Ohinese Church, or simply the Chi-
nese Church, i. e., "The Church of Christ in
China'^? To afflict the church with the names
English, American, or Dutch seemed, after due
deliberation, both unnecessary and unwise —
moreover, absurd. They put themselves, there-
fore, under the leading of Providence, and they
solemnly felt that they were led by God when
they founded "a purely Chinese church" by
adopting the order of the Eeformed (Dutch)
Church in America.
In these proceedings the missionaries of the
English Presbyterian Church united without a
dissonant note. They entered into the plan
with their whole heart, and instead of forming
au other and distinct organization of their own,
after another and distinct order, gladly ac-
cepted these (our) proposed forms and ordi-
nances, and heartily joined with us in consum-
mating the organization of the one Church of
Christ in China under the Presbyterian Ecclesi-
astical Government at Amoy. For neither could
see "any sufficient reason for organizing two
distinct denominations."
The object of this organization was beauti-
fully stated by Dr. Carstairs Douglass in a let-
ter addressed to the Corresponding Secretary
THE CHURCH OF CHEIST IN CHINA. 95
of tlie English Presbyterian Mission Board as
follows: "It is an attempt to build on the soil
of China, with the lively stones prepared by the^
great Master Builder, an ecclesiastical body
holding the grand doctrines enunciated at West-
minster and Dort, and the principles of Presby-
terian .polity embraced at the Eeformation by
the purest churches on the Continent and in
Britain ; it Avill also be a beautiful point in the
history of this infant church that the under-
builders employed in shaping and arranging the-
stones were messengers of two different (though
not differing) churches in the two great nations-
on either side of the Atlantic."
And the -Presbyterian Church in England,
with the same beautiful spirit as was mani-
fested by their representatives at Amoy, heart-
ily approved of every action taken, and bade
the work "God speed."
In the process of time other churches were
organized after this s'ame order at Amoy, until
the Reformed (Dutch) Church missionaries had
three organized churches, viz.: the First and
Second churches of Amoy and the church of
Chioh-Be, under their supervision; and the Eng-
lish Presbyterian Church missionaries had two
organized churches, viz.: the church of Pe-chui-a
and the church of Ma-peng, under their super-
vision.
This was in 1860, and as yet the churches
had no formal ecclesiastical organization. The
missionaries, therefore, felt that the time had
arrived for such organization and tiie establish-
96 FIFTY' YEARS IN AMOY.
ment of higher judicatories, whereby the
churches might fully enjoy the "essential prin-
ciples of Presbyterianism." Such a step was,
moreover, necessary', because the churches, ac-
cording to their ecclesiastical polity, were not
independent of each other, but members of each
other as parts of a whole, and subject t% each
other, and subject to the whole as well; hence
the need of some ecclesiastical council or body
where matters appertaining to the whole might
be adjudicated.
In 1862 the " Classis,"^ or "The Great Presby-
terial or Classical Council " of the Amoy
churches, was accordingly founded, possessed
of full powers to perform all duties devolving
upon such a body. This also received the hearty
approval of the brethren in the Presbyterian
Church of England.
The proposition, to form such a church and
such an ecclesiastical organization of all
the churches thus formed, as stated above, on
account of some misapprehension and misun-
derstan<ling, met with a different kind of re-
ception in America. The proposition was op-
posed by the General Synod from the start, and
the opposition continued for five years or more.
We deem it unnecessary to record that history
in full on these pages. They who desire to
read it will find it quite fully recorded in the
General Synod Reports of 1857 to 1863; also
in a small pamphlet, written by Dr. Talmage
(2) In 1892 the "Classis" was divided into two, the Northern
or Chiu-Chiu, and the Southern or Chiang-Chiu. At the same
time the Synod of Chiang-Chin was formed.
THE CHURCH OF CHRIST IN CHINA. 97
in 18G3, entitled "The Ecclesiastical Eelations
of tlie Cliurches of the Presbyterial Order, at
Amoy, China. '~'
It was due chiefly to the efforts of Dr. Tal-
mage that the tide of opposition that had flowed
on so long- was turned in favor of this united
w^ork, and this one united church.
yWith all due honor to his faithful fellow-
laborers, and to sympathizing supporters at
Amoy, and tlie part they took in this unhappj;;
controversy, no one can review the history of
those days without feeling that to Dr. Tal-
mage's patience and skill and courage is the
unbroken relation of the churches of the Pres-
byterial Order at Amoy, and consequently the
foundation of a purely Chinese Church and
Classis, due. Five years or more were con-
sumed in the unfortunate struggle. More than
once Dr. Talmage was defeated, yet he never
was conquered. For five years he plead and
wrote and exhorted in exi)laining and removing
misconceptions and misstatements. And h.e
never gave up until the Church was convinced
that the missionaries at Amoy were upholding a
just and righteous cause. ^
There is no man in our Church who would
have it otherAvise. There is no man in our
Church who does not rejoice over the consum-
mation of such a church and such an ecclesi-
astical organization as was established at Amoy,
respectively, in 1856 and 1862.
According to the Synod's Eeport of 1891,
there were 17 organized churches at Amoy, with
98 FIFTY YEAES IN AMOY.
1,859 adult members, 15 native pastors, 50
unor<laine(l native helpers, and a native Hakka
Mission, under the jurisdiction of Tai-hoey, or
"Great Classical Council" of the Amoy churches.
It is only necessary here to speak of the
churches of this organization, un;ler the Re-
formed (Dutch) Church Missicm's particular su-
pervision, which we now procee<l to do.
Chinese Pastors and Helpers in Amoy Mission.
CHAPTER XL
THE NINE CHURCHES.^
Name of Church. Name of Present Pastor.
First Church of Amoy, Eev. Ng Ho-seng.{2)
Second Church of Amoy, Rev. Ti Peng-teng.
Chioh-be Church, Rev. Lim Khiok.
0-Kang, Rev. Li Ki-che
Hong-San Church, Rev. lu Ho-sui.
Chiang-chiu Church, Rev. Chhoa Thian-Khit.
Tong-an Rev. Lim Chi-Seng.
Sio-Khe Rev. lap Han Chiong.
Thian-San, Rev. Tiong Lu-li.
EXPI.ANATION OF CHURCH NAMES.
Chioh-be church is located at Chioh-be, a
town of 00,000 inhabitants, eighteen miles west
of Amoy on the West River. The meaning of
the name is "Stone Horse."
0-Kang church is located on the Island of
Amoy, and is made up of two congregations,
the one worshipping at O and the other at Kang.
Hence the name 0-Kang. But "O" is an ab-
breviation for 0-pi, and "Kang" an abbrevia-
tion for Kang-thau, the full names of the places.
The meaning of O-Kang is "Lake River."
Hong-San church is located on the mainland,
eight or ten miles north of Amoy, and is also
composed of two congregations, the one wor-
shipping at Hong and the other at San. Hence
the name Hong-San. "Hong" is the abbrevia-
tion for Ang-tung-thau, "San" the abbreviation
for Te-soa. The meaning of Hong-San is " Great
(1) Each church suppoJts its own pastor.
(2) ''o" pronounced "ung."
100 FIFTY YEARS IN AJVIOY.
Hountain." This church has one out-station at
Te-thau.
Chiang-chiu church is located in the City of
Chiang-chiu, a city of 200,000 inhabitants,
twenty-five or thirty miles west of Amoy and
six miles west of Chioh-be, on the West River.
Has one out-station: Chhoa-poa. There is no
particular meaning to the words.
Tong-an church is located at Tong-an, a city
of 150,000 inhabitants, twelve or fifteen miles
north of Amoy and five miles north of Hongr^
San. The meaning of the name is "United
Peace." Has two out-stations: Poa-thau-chhi
and Ko-soa.
Sio-Khe is located in the small market town
of Sio-Khe, between fifty and sixty miles south-
west of Amoy on the Sio-Khe River, and
twenty-five miles w^est of Chiang-chiu. The
meaning of the name is "Little River." Had
at the end of the year 1891 six out-stations,
viz.: Lam-sin, Poa, Toa-Khe, Soa-pi, E-che and
Toa-lo-teng.
Thian-San is located between six and ten
miles north and west of Chiang-chiu, and is
composed of two congregations, the one wor-
shii^ping at Thian and the other at San. "Thian"
Is the abbreviation for Thian-po, and "San" the
abbreviation for Soa-Sia. The meaning of
Thian-San is "Heavenly Mountain." Has one
out-station, viz.: Leng-Shoa.
Thus we might in English designate the
churches :
The First Church of Amoy.
THE NINE CHURCHES. 101
The Second Church of Amoy.
The Stone Horse Church.
The Lake River Church.
The Great Mountain Church.
The Chiang-Chiu Church.
The United l*eace Church.
The Little River Church.
The Heavenlv Mountain Church.
THE FIRST CHUnCH OF AMOY.
First pastor, Rev. Lo Tau, 1863-'70; second
pastor, Rev. Chhoa Thian-Khit, 1871-'83; third
pastor. Rev. Ng Ho-seng, 1885.
In Januar^^, 1844, two rooms were rented in
the city of Amoy, one being used as a chapel
for regular preaching services, and the other as
a dispensary, in the charge of Dr. Cummings,
and in both these places the natives were taught
both by minister and physician the way of eter-
nal life. The people were eager to listen to
the "good news," and so at the first service a
congregation of seventy "met to worshij) the
true God.'' The size of the audiences never
diminished, but frequently they numbered two
hundred eager listeners.
On March 21st, 1844, a Bible class of twelve
scholars was organized, and maintained with
increased interest and blessing.
On December l(>th, 1845, a special meeting
for w^omen was instituted, and has been main-
tained till this day with unabated zeal by the
ladies of our mission.
In December, 1845, the growing congregation
102 FIFTY YEARS IN AMOY.
moved out of their small room into a more com-
modious and newly rented chapel.
On the 5th of January, 1846, the first Chinese
monthly concert was held, consisting of a morn-
ing and evening session. The morning was de-
voted to i)rayer and the afternoon to discussing
matters pertaining to methods and plans of
work and missionary news in general.
It was a Union Service of all Protestant mis-
sionaries: Eeformed, English Presbyterian and
London Mission, and all the native converts
connected with these societies.
The concert is still maintained once a month.
And it is a blessed bond of union that w^e trust
will never be broken. It has bound us one in
spirit, if not one in name, as we have endeav-
ored to preach the Word, and sought to bring
the knowledge of its everlasting fulness to the
people committed to our charge.
THE FIRST CONVERTS.
Four years thus rolled by whilst the harvest-
ers had gone forth to scatter the seed, patiently
waiting the fij-st signs of reaping. Dr. Abeel
passed away before he could thrust in his sickle
to gather in the sheaves, but on the first Sab-
bath of April (5th inst.), 1840, Mr. Pohlman had
both the honor and the pleasure of baptizing
and receiving into full communion the first con-
verts of the Gospel at Amoy.
A letter received by the A. B. C. F. M. from
Mr. Pohlman regarding these aged converts
will prove of interest. The name of one was
THE NINE CHUECHES. 103
Hok Kiii-peli, and the other Un Sia-peh, both
over fifty j-ears of age.
"Hok Kiii-peh is a native of Lam-an, about
twenty-five miles from Amoy, and came to this
city at the age of seventeen. His first employ-
ment was that of a mill grinder, at twenty-five
cents a month and food. At the age of twenty-
two he enlisted as a soldier, and now bears the
scars received in the battle fought with the
pirates. When nearly fifty, he opened a shop
for the manufacture and sale of idol paper.
After the first missionaries, Messrs. Abeel and
Boone, had been at Kolongsu about sLx months,
he was brought to the preaching service by a
friend, and was at once impressed with the rea-
sonableness of the truth and the utter folly of
idolatry. For three years and a half he has
been a steady attendant on the means of grace
and a diligent seeker of salvation. The change
in him has been gi^adual, but marked. His em-
ployment causing him great uneasiness, he aban-
doned it.
" Un Sia-peh is a native of Tong-an, ten miles
from Amoy, and he came to this city about seven
years ago to take the store of his brother, who
had died. He was brought to our chapel by
Hok Kui-peh more than two years ago, and has
ever since continued a diligent and devout
hearer of the Gospel.
"At the public examination, these old men
referred to Mr. Abeel as the person from whom
they first heard the tidings of great joy. The
idols in the house of Kui-peh all belonged to
104 FIFTY YEAES IN AMOY.
members of his family, and he insisted on their
removal from the public hall, in which they
have been many years. This, after a long strug-
gle, was done. The only idol in the house of
Uh Sia-peh has been formally given to me, and
is now in my possession."
"Amoy, May 1st, 1846."
THE FIRST CHURCH BUILDING.
Three more years passed by, and though the
accessions to the Christian religion were exceed-
ingly few, yet the brethren felt their labor in
the Lord was not in vain.
They had been holding services in rented quar-
ters, and the missionaries concluded that a
home dedicated to God would not only be more
appropriate, but an advantage for the promul-
gation of the Grospel, "and a valuable assistant
in the prosecution of their labors."
Through Hok Kui-peh, the first convert, a
piece of property, with four small buildiiigs,
was secured on September Kith, 1847. One of
the buildings was temijorarily fitted up for a
chapel and occupied until 1848, when, through
the solicitations of Mr. Pohlman, |3,000 ha\'ing
been secured, the work on the new and First
Church building was begnn. The building was
dedicated February 11th, 1849. The church is
located in the eastern part of the city on New
Street, i. e., Sin-Koe-a. It is usually spoken of
as the Sin-Koe-a Church, and so reported in the
Sy nodical Report of the Anioy Churches. The
dimensions are: Height of ceiling, 19 feet and
First Church, Amoy, Sin-koe-a.
THE NINE CHUECHES. 105
5 inches; to top of tower, 50 feet; length, 60
feet; width, 37 feet, and portico, 10 feet. It is
built of brick and after the "Etruscan style of
architecture." The front is stucco ^^ork of
pure white, and on an oval slab, from the quarry
of Canton, aboTe the front entablature, there is
an inscription in Chinese characters which reads
as follows: ''A Temple for the Worship of
the True God, the Great Sovereign Ruler." On
each side of the inscription are inscribed other
-Chiuese characters meaning: ''The One Thou-
sand, Eight Hundred and Forty-eighth Year of
Jesus' Advent, and To-Kong the Twenty-eighth
Year," and underneath all the figures "1848."
The interior is arranged after the fashion of a
Quaker meeting-house, i. e., a screen separating
the men from the women. And everything is
■as plain as those places of worship — no cush-
ioned seats, no carpeted floors, no stained glass
windows. In a majority of cases simply benches
with no backs adorn the churches in the Amoy
Tegion. Tile flooi^s always. Back of the church
IS a building, height 26 feet, length 40, width
14. The upper part was used as a parsonage
until 1892, and the lower part as a consistory
room. A new parsonage was provided in 1892.
In the erection of this building the Reformed
€hurch had the privilege of establishing the
•first Protestant church building in the Chi-
nese Empire, as it had two centuries before of
establishing the first church organization in
New York (tlien called New Amsterdam) in
1628.
106 FIFTY YEARS IN AMOY.
The first children of native converts were
baptized by Mr. Doty on May 19th, 1850. At
this time he baptized his own son and three
chihiren of native Christians.
THE FIRST EVANGELIST AND MAYTYR.
The first native evangelist employed by the
Mission was Mr. U Teng-ang. He vs^as a native
of the Kwang-tung (Canton) Province, and in
1841 went to Siam, where he came into the em-
ployment of a missionary and thus learne<l to
love and serve the Lord Jesus.
He returned to China in 1846, and in August
of that year arrived at Amoy, becomin.f? con-
necter! with the Mission in March, 1847. He
was a faithfid and zealous servant, and useful
in conversing- with inciuirers, holding meetings
and touring in the country. In May, 1853, he
went to Chiang-chiu in company Avitli a col-
porteur to see about opening a new station
there. It was during the periocl of the Tai-peng
rebellion, when the insurgents had captured the
city. The people of Chiang-Chin suspected
that these two were spies of the enemy, and
the authorities commanded their arrest. The
colporteur escaped, but Mr. U Teng-ang was
seized and beheaded. May, 1853. A letter from
Mr. Doty at this time speaks of this sad affair
in tJiese words: ''From all we can learn, it
api>ears that our friend fell a sacrifice to the
violence of an aroused and suspicious populace,
who were beyond the control of both reason and
law. The evangelist had mingled with the
THE NINE CHUECHES. 107
spectators at the examination of several man-
darins, wlio had been taken by the insurgents
at the capture of the place. A mandarin of low
rank hapi>ened to be questioned by the acting
insurgent chief, who could only speak the local
dialect, while the mandarin under examination
could only communicate through the court lan-
guage, not understanding the local. The evan-
gelist was standing near, and, seeing the diffi-
cult}', voluntarily spoke out as an interpreter
between the parties. Upon this, tlie insurgent
chief, in some ])olite manner, expressed to the
evangelist his approbation and acknowledgment.
It is also reported that the evangelist interested
himself in behalf of two or three small man-
darins, and i)revailed with the insurgent to spare
their lives.
"Next day the populace arose and recaptured
the city. Every stranger in and about the p^/ice
became an object of popular suspicion. The
part which the evangelist had acted was con-
strued into evidence tliat he must have an inti-
macy with the insurgent chief, and was himself
one of therebels. Hence he was seized and brought
before the acting magistrate. This person, for
aught we know, may have owed his life to the
interference of the evangelist. Be this as it
may, the magistrate was convinced of his in-
nocence and wished to set him at liberty. But
the mob had the ascendancy. Death to the
evangelist had been determined upon; they at
once executed their purpose."
The First Church of Amoy was fully organ-
108 FIFTY YEARS IN AMOY.
ized in 1856 '' bj the setting apart of elders and
deacons." The first pastor, Rev. Lo-Tau, was in-
stalled Marcli 29th, 1863, and received a salary
of twelve dollars i^er month (this is the maxi-
mum sum paid the pastors of to-day). He was-
a faithful and devoted minister of the Gospel,
and passed to his reward in the Kingdom above
in the year of our Lord 1870.
The progress of this church has not been what
might have been hoped for. After a period
of nearly forty years from its organization, its
present membership only numbers seventy.
This, to say the least, is disappointing^: and dis-
couraging. Yet, there remains the comforting^
fact that from this sanctuary for two score
years the invitation has been extended to these
poor perishing ones in Amoy city to come to
Jesus and be saved. Moreover, the seed has-
been scattered, and, though the sowers knew it
not, may have sprung up to fruitful harvest.
Such labor is not in vain, and the Lord of the
harvest knows when it is best to show the re-
sults of this blessed work done by this old his-
toric church in the Kingdom of China. Maybe
it will be one of the brightest gems.
The second pastor was the Rev. Chhoa Thian-
Khit. He was installed in 1871, and served
the church twelve years, when he accepted the
call to Chiang-Chiu.
Rev. Ng Ho-Seng was installed in 1885, and
still continues in the pastorate (1892).
Kang-thau and 0-pi, before the church organ-
THE NINE CHUECHES. 100
ization of (3-Kang, were out-stations of this
church.
The first and second churches, since 1800,
have supported a mission and native evangelist
at ('hhan-chhu-oa, on the Ishind of Anioy.
THE SECOND CHURCH OF AMOY.
First pastor, Rev. lap Han-chiong, 1863-'83;
second pastor. Rev. Ti Peng-teng, 1884.
Dr. Talmage arrived in Amoy, on his return
from America, July 16th, 1850. On December
22d following he preached his first regular ser-
mon at the opening of a new place of worship
in rooms connected with his own house at Tek
Chhiu-Kha, Amoy — the site of the present Sec-
ond Church's building.
The room was crowded with curious, if not
eager, listeners, and the average attendance
range<l thereafter from 100, 150 to 200. Thus
was inaugurated an enterprise under most favor-
able circumstances that resulted in the organiza-
tion of the Second Church of Amoy at Tek-
Chhiu-Kha, i. e., "Foot of the Bamboo Tree,"
in A. D. 1860. It is called in the Synodical
lieport of the Amoy Churches " The Tek-Chhiu
Kha Church."
The cliurch has been more prosperous than
the First, or Sinkoe-a Church. This may in a
measure be accounted for by the fact that it is
in close proximity to the English Presbyterian
Hospital, located at the same place, and thus
was brought into greater prominence. But
there has been, as well, a more consecrated and
110 FIFTY YEAES IN AMOY.
spiritual life manifested amongst her members.
The present church buihling was constructed
in 1859, and dedicated October 30th of that
year. It is entirely surrounded by other Chi-
nese shops and houses, and so almost entirely
hidden from view — making it impossible to be
photographed. Both of these churches (like all
the country churches) have day schools for the
instruction of the children of the church and for
all the heathen children who may choose to
come. The two churches together have or-
ganized a Dorcas Society, which lias contributed
as much as |60 cash in one year for benevolent
purposes, and distributed numerous garments
for the poor.
The first pastor, Eev. lap Han-chiong, was or-
dained and installed on the same day, March
29th, 1863, as Rev. Lo Taw was over the First
Church. He served the church with great ac-
cei>tance for twenty years, when he received
and accepted the call to the new organization at
Sio-Khe, 1884. The second pastor, Rev. Ti
Peng-teng, was called from the Chiang-Chiu
Church and installed in 1884.
Tong-an, Te-Soa and Ang-tung-thau, before
they became separate church organizations,
were out-stations of this church. The present
membership of the Second Church is 135.
CHIOH-BE CHURCH.
First pastor. Rev. Tiong Lu-li, 1872-'82; sec-
ond pastor. Rev. Lim Khiok, 1886.
The Gospel message was brought to this place
THE NINE CHURCHES.
Ill
by Christians from Peli-chui-a in 1854. They
had j^one to Chioh-be to do some business, and
when that was accomplislied, they occupied a
few moments in telling the people of Chioh-be
about the wonderful message they had already
received and believed.
The missionaries and native Christians of
Amoy followed this up with as frequent visits
as possible. Even sooner than they had faith
to expect, the first harvest of twenty or more
converts was gathered in 1855. In 1859 the or-
ganization of the church occurred, being set off
from the First Church of Amoy. On February
13th, 1872, the first pastor, Rev. Tiong Lu li,
was ordained and installed.
The history of the church has been one of al-
most ceaseless struggling. It met with violent
opposition from the first, both from the officials
and the people, who did all in their power to
banish it from their midst.
For some reason, a wonderful change had
taken place in the minds and feelings of the
officials and the people toward Christianity and
missionaries. Certainly this was not the ani-
mus displayed when the missionaries first ar-
rived in 1842. Then officials and people strove
to win the favor of the ambassadors of Christ,
and, it would seem, to establish His cause in
their midst as well. Yet, a dozen years after
(1854), we have to witness this bitterness and
hatred, breaking out in violent persecution.
Was it the Tai-peng rebellion (inaugurated by
a religious fanatic and a supposed Christian
112 FIFTY YEARS IN AMOY.
convert, who assumed the title of Emperor by
the desigDation of "Grand Pacificator," whose
dogs of war had already been let loose against
the gates of the city of Ohiang-Ohiu, and whose
object was to sweep away with one mad stroke
the idols and temples of the nation, as well as
the Dragon Throne itself,) that aroused all this
bitterness and hatred against Christianity?
Perhaps it was. We Imow no other reason.
And for fourteen ^'^ears the "test of loyalty to
the throne" was manifested by "trampling on
the cross," and by their efforts to stamp out
the little church already established. But the
church at Chioh-be suffered internally as well
as externally. The members became spiritually
dead. Stroke after stroke fell, adverse fortune
followed hard and sharp in the track of severe
persecution, until there was but a flicker left of
the flame. And when the pastor fell into gTiev-
ous sin by the use of spirituous liquors, and
for which he was deposed by Tai-Hoey in 1882,
it seemed that the flame must cease burning
longer. In 1886 a new pastor, Rev. Limi
Khioh, was called to take charge. He was
young, intelligent, commanding respect, ear-
nest, and with zeal according to knowledge.
Under his administration a new order of things
has taken place. They have awakened to new
life and new activity. That flame, nearly
quenched, no longer flickers, but is burning
brighter than ever in the history of the church.
Thank God, the church has passed through the
fires. And may it be like the refiner's fixe, cleans-
SoA-SiA Chaprl and Pastor's House.
THE NINE CHUECHES. 113
ing her from all the dross, leaving only the puri-
fied gold. This church had for a number of
years an out-station at An-liau, hut persecu-
tion banished that. To-day they have an ou1>
station at Hai-teng, and history is repeating
itself there in the effort the Church is making
to get a foothold. The rent for the rooms at
Hai-teng has been supplied for two years by
the King's Daughters of the Second Church of
Poughkecpsie, N. Y.
The present membership of the Chioh-be
Church is 71. That shows its history.
After thirty-five years of toiling, and such
results. Enough to discourage any worker.
Over the tumult and above the raging storms
we hear the voice of Him who is mighty to save
saying: "Not by might nor by power, but by
My spirit," in His own good time.
O-KANG CHURCH.
First pastor, Kev. Li Ki-che, 1889.
This church is composed of two congrega-
tions, viz.: one at Kang-tliau and the other at
0-pi (more commonl^^ called Kio-thau). The
missionaries and the native Christians began
early to sow the seed in these fields, and in
1863 rooms were rented in ICang-thau, when it
became a regular appointed out-station of the
First Church, Amoy. O-pi followed in 1865.
In 1868 the organization into a regular
church occurred, with thirty members, tAvo eld-
ers and one deacon, and put under the care of
native helpers, among whom were Mr. Ong Ki
11^ FIFTY YEARS IN AMOY.
Siong, present pastor of the new church organ-
ization Avest of Sio-Khe, and Mr. Li Ki-che, pres-
ent pastor of the 0-Kang Church.
About 1887, after repeated delays and vexing,
negotiations, a piece of land was secured at
Kang-thau, close by the sea, upon which was
built the first chapel (preAdous to this, as we
still do at O-pi, we rented a house for public
services^). Dr. Talmage spent much of his time
there, and not a little of his finances toward
the building of this church and chapel. The
ground and building cost |665. The native
church provided |316, Dr. Talmage and the
other missionaries the balance. Rev. Li Ki-che,
the first pastor, was ordained and installed In
1889, and ever since has preached the Word
boldly and with power, and, we believe, with
blessing.
Cottage prayer meetings and seed-sowing
amongst the neighboring villages have been
carried on constantly by pastor and people.
There has been much weeping aud many sore
hearts on account of persistent rejection and
stolid indifference to the Word of Life. Yet
their trust is in Him who hath promised: '"They
that sow in tears shall reap in joy." The time
is not yet, but we patiently wait His own good
time.
The present membership is 103.
HONa-SAN" CHURCH.
First pastor. Rev. Tu Ho-sui.
(3) A new chapel is to be erected at O-pi, 1893.
THE NINE CHURCHES. 115
This church also has two separate congre-
gations, one at Te-soa and the other at Ang-
tiing-thau. The origin of this organization is
given in the following narrative:
Thirty -five or forty years ago a poor widow,
Mrs. Lee, residing at Te-soa, who had been
robbed of all her husband's possessions by his
relatives and friends, save the house in which
she lived, was compelled to go down to the city
of Amoy every day to peddle cloth and notions
in order to gain a living for herself and family
of small children.
One day as she was passing through the nar-
row thoroughfare she met an acquamtance,
who invited her to go with her and hear the
foreigner preach the "to-li" (doctrine). So on
they went together until they came to a place
where a small crowd was collected about an
open door. Immediately her attention was ar-
rested by the wonderful message brought to
her hearing: "God so loved the world that He
gave His only begotten Son, that whosoever
believeth in Him should not perish, but haA^e
everlasting life." Oh! that was just what she
was looking for: love. No one loved her. Her
friends had robbed her, and her portion had
been only hatred and abuse. But here was One
who loved indeed. Ah, it was a too wonder-
ful message — too marvelous for this poor soul,
so buried in ignorance, to understand all at
once. Nor is it to be wondered at. Think of
the thousands of generations that have passed
away, and they (this nation) dwelling in total
116 FIFTY YEARS IN AAIOY.
darkness. In addition to the darkness that sur-
rounds their yerj souls, think of the difficulty
we have in conveying the message of the cross
through the medium of the Chinese language —
a language than which in the whole world there
is none other so different from all others; ^'none
other acquire<l with so much difficulty by for-
eigners, or employed hy them with so little
facility." Whether it be supposition or fact
that Satan w^as the author of the Chinese lan-
guage or not, it is nevertheless true that there
is no other nation that has been so long and so
completely under his sway as China. The lan-
guage has been one of the highest and strong-
est walls that has surrounded this nation. Until
a little more than a half century ago, so-called
natural religion and earth-born systems and
false philosophies have had full sway. This
could not have occurred had there been more
affinity between the Chinese and the languages
iof Christendom. Now try to convey your ideas
of a Saviour — or the doctrines of the Bible —
and you are met at the very threshold of your
undertaking ^ylth the barrier of an unknown
tongue. In translation, the task is no less diffi-
cult.
The processes employed in other translations
must be abandoned here. Words cannot be
transferred nor new ones coined. '^Here the
translator must seize fast hold of the sense of
the original, and then, casting into oblivion the
old custom, strive to express the same sense in
the Chinese characters."
THE NINE CHURCHES. HT
Then the message is so new — so out of their
way of thinking. Of a Saviour, of remission
of sins by blood, of redemption through a cruci-
fied Christ — they have not the remotest idea.
Begin to tell them this wonderful story and you
receive at first stares and iiTesponsive hearts.
They cannot comprehend it. It goes in one ear
and out of the other.
It demonstrates how we have to preach Jesus,
and Him crucified, to such a people, i. e., like
to little children. Once will not do, but time
and time again is required before they can take
it in. It demonstrates, too, why so few come
to understand it. They hear it once, go to their
homes, and because the laborers are so few,
with no one to teach them, they never come to
a knowledge of full salvation in Christ Jesus.
No other result can be expected when the
Church places twenty missionaries in the midst
of 3,000,000 souls. That is 150,000 souls to one
missionary. Think of it. With this little di-
version, we now turn to the story.
So, this soul, longing for that love, that pass-
eth understanding, for that peace that floweth
like a river, for that comfort that quieteth the
heart, wended her way homeward, conscious
only of some sweet music, as that ever old yet
ever new song was borne and swept along^
through the darkened chambers of her soul:
God so loved the world that He gave His Only
Begotten Son.
Another day, a short time after this, we find
her again sitting at the feet of dear, now
118 FIFTY YEARS IN AMOY.
sainted, Dr. Talmage, learning the story of the
<:ross, as he unfolded it, in all its simplicity and
beauty. From him she learned the meaning of
that message more fully, and so learned until
the time came tha^ she committe<i her soul and
life into the keeping of her Blessed Saviour.
Thus her life, her Christian experience, ever
flowed on peacefully and quietly like a great
deep river.
Indeed, it w^as a beautiful life. We can see
her now, at eighty years of age, a dear old
mother in Israel. How glad she was, what a
cordial welcome she gave us, when we mission-
aries visited the little church at Te-Soa, which
she loved, and where she loved to meet with
God's children and worship Him. She was the
first convert to Christianity in Te-Soa. She it
was Avho lirst invited the missionaries to come
there and tell of the love of the wonderful Sa-
viour, Avhom she already learned to love and
follow. To her, we may say, we owe the Hong-
San Church, and whose future prosperity and
welfare was her deepest concern. God blessed
her life, crowned her with His loving favor,
granted her long years, permitted her to see
the walls of her Zion strengthened — and all her
children and many of her grandchildren and
neighbors gathered into the fold. Ko disease
had carried her away. She was just tired out,
and she laid down and slept in the arms of
Jesus. A calm and peaceful end of a sweet and
gentle life.
Such was the origin of the church of Hong-
Chha-than po Chapel.
THE NINE CHUECHES. H^
San. Had all the otiier souls in Te-Soa and
Ang-tung-thau been as anxiously concerned
about their salvation as Mrs. Lee a larger mem-
bership would be recorded than is now afforded.
Planted in the midst of rankest idolatry, every
effort was made by the people to choke rather
than to encourage the Word that was being sown
in their midst. Thank God the church is planted
upon the solid rock,— and she can never be
moved. And the Word shall accomplish that
which He pleaseth.
Te-Soa became a regularly appointed out-sta-
tion of the Second Church of Amoy, in 18(>2y
and the present chapel built in 1874.
Ang-tung-thau became an out-station in 1805,
and its present chapel erected in 1867, the con-
gregation bearing one-third of its cost.
The church organization occurred on Novem-
ber 27th, 1870.
The present pastor, and the first to be in-
stalled over this church, the Eev. lu Ho-Sul,
was ordained and installed in 1889.
There is one out-station connected with the
church, viz.: Te-thau.
The present membership is 59.
CHIANG-CHIU CHURCH.
First pastor, Eev. Ti Peng-teng, 1882-'84j
second pastor. Rev. Chhoa Thian-Khit, 1884.
The Chiang-Chiu Church is located in the city
of Chiang-Chiu, an important centre of a large
district, equal in size to Schoharie County, N.
Y. With a population of its own of 200,000,
120 FIFTY YEAES IN AMOY.
and with five towns and 200 villag^es with, an
estimated population of 100,000, lying within
easy distance to the city, and at the same time
being one of the chief commercial ports (native)
of this whole territory, and also a seat of learn-
ing wliei'e the annual examinations occur, bring-
ing thousands of students within its limit, makes
it one of the most strategic and commanding
centres that any mission might well congratu-
late itself in being able to occupy.
Yet, we have been slow in occupying it as
we should. True, we have a church there, but
we should also have a missionary and his family-
there to superintend this vast field of useful-
ness. The London Missionary Society has
been less slow in comprehending the situation.
They have put a large double house on some
land they bought five years ago (1888), and have
located there a missionary and his family, and
a doctor and his family. Our work is neglected,
and has been neglected for twenty years.
Permanent work was begun here under the
supervision of Rev. Wm. C. Burns, of the Eng-
lish Presbyterian Mission, in 1853. Prepara-
tioas were being made at this early date to oc-
cupy a place in the city as a regular preaching
place, and the native evangelist, Mr. U. Ten-
ang, had been sent there with a colporteur for
that purpose. The results of tliat undertaking
have already been recorded in a former chapter.
Midst wars and rumors of wars, both the Ee-
formed (Dutch) Church Mission and the E. P.
Mission jointly continued the work in the city.
THE NINE CHUECHES. 121
In 1863 it was made an out-station of the Chioh-
fbe Church.
Early in the '60s the hottest fires of the dire
"rebellion" came sweeping up against the city
with all its fierceness and fury. The city was
again captured, and a terrible massacre
nearly wiped out the little congregation and
left the greater part of the city in ruins. In
1865 the work was committed entirely to our
care, and from the ashes of this severe perse-
cution we may say the present church has risen.
In 1868 lots were purchased and a building con-
templated. Three years after, in 1871, the
church organization occurred, being set off from
Chioh-be. A small chapel was then erected and
publk worship begun in it. In 1874 the pres-
ent < ommodious church was erected. The old
chapel was converted into a school-house. The
first pastor. Rev. Ti Peng-te3g (licensed in 1873),
was ordained and installed in June, 1882. The
second pastor, Rev. Chhoa Thian-Khit, called
from the First Church of Amoy, was installed
in 1884. There is one out-station at the present
time connected with this church, viz.: Chhoa-
poa. Before the Thian-San Church was organ-
ized, the congregation at Thian-po and Soa-sia
were members of this church, and these places
out-stations. The present membership is 98.
TMan-San took sixty or seventy of her members.
TONG-AN CHURCH.
First pastor, Lim Chi-Seng, 1890.
Tong-an is another centre of a wide and fer-
122 FIFTY YEAES IN AMOY.
tile valley. Standing on a hill near the city, as
far as the eye can reach in almost every direc-
tion, village after village may be seen, with
their teeming population. There is no foreign
missionary residing here. There should be one.
Rev. Wm. C. Burns, in his indefatigable zeal
to preach the Gospel in every nook and corner
of this territory, it would seem, pushed on until
his feet stood within this city too, and thence
proclaimed the Gospel message (1853).
In the year 1866 our Mission began negotiat-
ing for a room or two, in which they wished to
hold public services for the worship of the true
God. In the following year a house was rented,
and Tong-an became an out-station of the Sec-
ond Church of Amoy. The first converts were
baptized by Rev. lap Hau-Chiong in 1870.
In 1871 larger quarters were secured and a
church organization was formed with thirty-
four members. In 1887 the church succeeded in
buying the property they had been renting 'for
six years. In 1891, with some funds that a ser-
vant in Dr. Kip's family in America had willed
to be used for such purpose in Amoy, a new and
large church was erected.
The first pastor, Rev. Lim Chi-seng, was or-
dained and installed in 1890.
There are two out-stations connected with the
church, viz.: Poa-thau-chhi and Ko-Soa. The
present membership is 99.
Outside the city of Amoy probably there was
no new enterprise but what met with bitter
opposition. The same spirit was manifested at
THE NINE CHUECHES. 123
Tong-an as elsewhere. Once they set the ol<i
chapel on fire, but it was discovered and ex-
tinguished before miich damage was done. And
our presence has been more or less resented
ever since. It is not the first time that the Ark
of the Lord has awakened opposition amongst
His enemies. And as in the days of old, so
will the day come when Dagon shall fall, and
all this opposition shall forever cease, not only
in Tong-an, but in the whole of China.
SIO-KHE CHURCH.
First pastor, lap Han-chiong, 1884.
Sio-Khe church is located on a branch of the
West River, in a little market tow^n or village
of Sio-Khe. It has only some seven or eight
thousand inhabitants, but it is the largest town
of a populous valley twelve miles long and
three to four miles wide. It is a beautiful plain,
lying at the foot of high mountains, thickly
populated and well cultivated. The people are
all industrious and quiet, and apparently to-day
well disposed toward the Gospel. There are
more than 3G0 villages scattered throughout
the plain, bringing the church in touch with
thousands of souls. Twenty-five years ago tAvo
men came from Chha-thau-po, some ten miles
east of Sio-Khe, down to the Amoy hospital for
treatment. While there they for the first time
heard the Gospel and believed, and on their re-
turn home decided to give up the worship of
idols and to worship the true God. Not only
so, but they began telling others the "good
124 FIFTY YEARS IN AMOY.
news," and soon they had a little company of
believers. These two men told all they could
remember of what they had heard in Amoy,
when they sent to Chiang-Chiu for some one
to come and teach them further. Among others
who responded to the call was Dr. Kip, who
found there ten persons who had renounced
idolatry and were worshippmg God, the best
they knew how. Soon after a small building
was rented, and the place became an out-station
of Ohiang-Chiu. Alas, the little company could
not withstand the severe trials and persecutions
that were visited upon them, and all that re-
mains of this enterprise is the deserted, house,
where the little body of Christians were wont
to worship. And yet it was not all in vain.
While the Gospel was being preached in Chha-
thau-po, some strangers from Sio-Khe were lis-
tening. They in turn became converted ami be-
lievers, and then they <lesired that the people
in Sio-Khe should hear the good news too. But
the people of Sio-Khe said they did not wish to
hear, and if they attempted to preach they
would be driven out. Finally they said: "Let
us try; let us go and preach, and see if they
will stone us." They secured a small room and
preached the whole day unmolested, and the
place soon after came under the charge of the
Chiang-Chiu Church. Such was the introduc-
tion of the work at Sio-Khe, whose usefulness
and success has ever been assured.
In 1876-'77 the first small chapel was built
and occupied seventeen or eighteen years for
Dr. Otte's Neerbosch Hospital, Sio-Khe.
THE NINE CHUECHES. 125
regular preaching and other religious services.
In 1881 the church organization occurred with
seventy members.' The present and fii-st pastor.
Rev. lap Han Chiong, was called from the Sec-
ond Church of Amoy and installed in 1884. The
present large church was buil,t in 1884-'85, the
money for it being largely contributed by the
Sunday-schools of America. At the same time
a house for the pastor was built next to the
church. In 188G-'87 a missionary's residence
was built adjoining the church i)roperty. Dr.
and Mrs. Kip were the first to occupy it per-
manently.
In 1888-'89 Dr. Otte's house and hospital were
built, when he and Mrs. Otte also took up their
quarters there, and thus by the introduction of
medicine, the field was better equipped for
greater usefulness. Upon Dr. and Mz^. Kip^s
return to America, Mr. and Mrs. Van Dyck oc-
cupied the missionary's house for about tw^o
years. And when they returned to America,
Mr. and Mrs. Fagg took up their habitation
there. Subsequently Mr. Fagg took charge of
the work in the theological seminary, when Dr.
and Mrs. Kip again moved in. Miss Nellie
Zwemer joined the forces at Sio-Khe in 1892,
and is living with Dr. and Mrs. Otte. She, with
Mrs. Kip, have charge of the girls' school .there,
and together visit the women of that region. In
1891 (end) the Sio-Khe Church had a member-
ship of 240, and with a glorious history back
of her and a bright future before her, what
more can be asked than God's continued favor.
126 FIFTY YEARS IN AMOY.
There are six out-stations, viz.: Lam-sin,'* Poa-a,
Toa-Klie, Soa-pi, E-che, and Toa-lo-teng, and
Ko-Khi.
THIAN-SAN CHURCH.
First pastor, Tiong Lu-li, 1891.
Thian-po and Soa-sia were out-stations of
Chiaug'-Chiu from 187G-'91. The Thian-san
Church was organized in 1891, and has one out-
station, viz. : Leng-Soa. A new chapel and pas-
tor's house was built with the remaining money
of the legacy that that servant woman be-
queathed to the Mission (the other portion, as
already stated, being used to build the church
at Toug-an).
The first i)astor, Tiong Lu-li, formerl}^ pastor
at Chioh-be, was installed in 1891. A complete
change had taken place during the twenty years.
He had been thoroughly humbled, and has ever
since manifested a truly humble and consecrated
life. And the Church rejoices that he could be
welcomed back to his holy office. The future,
of the young enterprise is bright; her history
is yet to be written. The j^resent membership
is 73.
UNORDAINED EVANGELISTS AND OTHERS.
Connected with this organized work, reviewed
in the foregoing pages, the names of the help-
ers, teachers and Bible women should be en-
rolled. Their labors are confined for the most
(4) The members of this place united, in 1892, with the mem-
bers of the English Presbyterian stations, Chia-boe and Chen?-poa,
and formed a new church organization, viz. : " The Chi-lam
Church."
THE NINE CHURCHES.
127
part to the out-stations and the outlying regions.
Some of them are school-teachers of the paro-
chial schools.
Li Seng-liong,
8i Kui-lo,
Kho Bok,
Ong Ki-Siong,(5)
Tan Niii-lo,
U Pek4o,(5)
Khng Klioaii-ju,
Li Biau-lo,
Lo Kan-chek,
Keh Tong-eng,
Keh Tiiai-ohliong
Te Chhiu-lo,
Lim Kui-lo,
Lim Po-tek,
Li Siong-Clihi,
Ng Ma-hui,
Mrs. Kho, (7)
Mrs. lu Giok-ton^
BIBLE
Pan Tiiong-lo,
Tan Oan-lai,
Tan Tui-goan,
Tan 0-ti,
Anig Chioh,(6)
Aug Thun,(G)
Ang Ek,(6)
Li Chhun-hiong,
lu lok-haa,
Lim Put-chai,
Chhoa Bian-Seng,
Kho Lin-bin,
Keh Un-tian,
Keh Boah-chui,
lu Sui-Kiu,
lu lok-lai,
WOMEN.
Mrs. lu Siu-a,
Mirs. Tan,(7)
TABLE SHOWING COMPARATIVE INCREASE IN THE
WORK, UNDER THE PATRONAGE OF THE RE-
FORMED (DUTCH) CHURCH.
A.D.
1857.
A.D.
1864.
3
348
37
$930.87
A.D.
1879.
7
11
686
113
$1,219.99
A.D.
1890
Out-stations
1
172
12
968
Scholars
10
240
$3,382.08
(5) Licentiate.
(7) Wife of evangelist.
(6) Chapel keeper and. preacher.
CHAPTEK XII.
THE BENEVOLENCE OF THE AMOY ClIUECHES.
Not only for its wonderful growth, not only
for its marked spirituality and solid orthodoxy,
has the history of the Amoy Church, i. e., tihe
Church of Christ in Cliina, been a remarkable
one, but also on account of its consecrated spirit
of liberality.
To pause for a moment to consider the amount
of money contributed by these native Chris-
tians for the past ten years — ^less than one thou-
sand Christians giving |23,702.94 — is a suifi.-
cien^t proof that these are no empty words, but
most profoundly teaching that they have in
some measure received the sublime inspiration
of the gentle coumiand of their Lord and Mas-
ter: "Freely ye have received, freely give."
If you will turn to General S^Tiod Report of
1892 you will see that the Christians connected
with our Amoy churches contributed during
the year 1891 the sum of |3,382.08. As 968
members gave this sum, it amounts to very
nearly |3 50 per capita.
^ At first sight, that nmy not seem very start-
ling. But one or two things must be understood
before we can appreciate those figures.
First of all, a Chinaman's estimate of a dol-
lar is about ten times as high as ours, simply
BENEVOLENCE OF THE AMOY CHURCHES. 129
because it is ten times as difficult for him to
make a dollar. So, really it stands for |35.
And this fact we will endeavor to demonstrate.
The medium of exchange in China, i. e., the na-
tional currency, is a copper ''cash" (the only
€oin the Government issues), equal in our cur-
rency ,to one mill. This is the coin for which
they toil — this tlieir medium for buying and sell-
ing.
When I tell you that a good mechauic, a car-
penter, or mason, earns only three hundred of
them a day, and many classes of laborers earn
no more than one hundred (i. e., thirty and ten
cents respectively), and that it requires 1,040
of them to make a Mexican dollar (i. e., about
1,200 to make an American dollar), and that it
requires thirty-six hundred of them to make
$3.50, you may be able to get some idea what it
means when they contribute this amo.unt. Three
dollars and a half does neither represent the
sum or the sacrihces made to accumulate it.
Compared with our own country, the struggle
for existence and the maintenance of a bare sub-
sistence is tenfold intensified, and the accumu-
lation of fortunes well nigh impossible.
Compare these daily wages with the daily
wages of the mechanic, the carpenter and the
common laborer of this country (and the income
of the wealthy as well), viz.: |3 and |1.50 per
diem, and can any one say that it is an exag-
geration to place this sum per capita at |35?
The labor markets and all avenues of busi-
ness are crammed and jammed because there
130 FIFTY YEARS IN AMOY.
are no outlets provided for the miglitj army
of stragglers. Not because there are no ave-
nues. Natural resources abound in this ''flow-
ery land." Coal mines, silver mines, and even
gold mines, lie buried and untouched. But
just on accoimt of that antiquated superstition
of an old dragon that is slumbering underneath
the soil, whose majestic silence must not be
disturbed, they everywhere remain hermetically
sealed. Touch them with pick or spade, and
dire calamity would sweep over the land from
the desert to the sea — so the everlasting grind
goes on.
That's what it means — all this apprehension,
all this superstition, besides a hundred other
ills with which to combat. Taking our circum-
stances in consideration, our advantages, our
open avenues of industr}^, our supi)ly and de-
mand, we venture to say that it is as easy for
us to contribute |35 per capita as it is for the
Christians of Amoy to contribute |3.50.
And so, in the second place, it follows at the
lowest estimate, we have ten dollars to use
where they have one. Moreover, the Chinaman
considers spending one dollar of as much im-
portance as we do spending ten. And where
we would hestitate in spending a cent, they
wrangle and fuss over a cash (one-tenth of a
cent). So it is in all their monetary affairs,
whether it be a dollar or a cash, as daily inter-
course with them bears painful testimony.
Beainng in mind, then, some such relative
estimations of money value, do we overstate it
BENEVOLENCE OF THE AMOY CHURCHES. 131
When we say that the sacrifice is ten times
more, and the real amount ten times more than
the figures show? Ah, but some one says, that
IS all very well; but, excuse me, you have most
grievously failed to consider that the Chinese
have not so many wants (?) as we have; he does
not require the food, the homes, nor are the
necessities such as ours.
Very good. Shall we say that their wants
needs, etc., etc., are five times less than ours*^
Oh! more than that. Well, then, let us main-
tain the same comparison here as above, and
we will say they are ten times less in every
count. But does this alter the situation? The
Chinaman, you say, has wants and needs, etc
etc., be they what they may, ten times less than
yours. Still, you make a sad and fatal mis-
take If you do not remember that they have
t^n times less capital to supply them. So too
wo must remember that with needs ten times
less than ours, and with ten times less capital
to supply them, somehow they manage to give
f ':^3 (equivalent) per capita to the Lord
^ow, if the Chinamen have wants ten times
less than (mr.^ it must follow that we have
wants, needs, etc., etc., ten times in excess of
theirs, and having ten times as much capital
to supply them, we should maintain something
like an equality in our benevolence. But the
tact IS, we do not. For all purposes, foreign,
^iomestic, ministers' salaries, etc., etc., we some!
how manage to give barely |15 to the Lord
per capita.
132 FIFTY YEAES IN AMOY.
But this is no argument, for we have never
yet become acquainted with or heard of a China-
man whose wants, needs, etc., etc., did not com-
pare favorably with ours. The fact is, that our
ohl Edenic grandfather made us all alike. We
all have wants like Babel towers, and our needs
and necessities are sometimes aggravated by
circumstances alone. Be that as it may, let
me say to you that the Chinaman has needs and
necessities that are never supplied, and never
will be until he reaches the better land. Please
remember this while you read these figures.
That this giving of the Chinese is no spasmodic
attack of benevolence, but the steady, healthy
growth in their spiritual life, the following table
amply testifies:
In 1882 750 (Jhurch Members (net) gave $1,877.32
" 1883 758 " " " ].958.75
" 1884 742 " " «♦ i;631.77
" 1885 783 " " " 2,107.37
"1886 804 " " " 2 076.29
" 1887 835 '• " " 2.866.70
" 1888 861 *' " " 2,367.60
" 1889 855 " " " 2,5;^5.00
" 1890 899 " " " 2,900.00
" 1891(1) 908 " " " 3,382.08
Net tx)tal..068 " " " $23,702.94(2)
(1) In 1892, 1,008 Church members gave $3,894.80
(2) Yearly average $2.80.
THE NATIVE HAK-KA MISSION.
To further demonstrate the character of the
Chinese Christians, we bring this part of the
review to a close by a brief mention of their
missionary spirit. Having acquired a knowl-
edge of the blessed Gospel themselves, they
are endeavoring to carry the "good news" to
their brethren still in darkness.
The Hak-Kas are a race of people (perhaps
BENEVOLENCE OP THE MIOY CHUECHES. 133
aborigines) living by themselves and under their
own laws, some twenty miles west of Amoy,
speaking an entirely different dialect, and, on
the whole, a different race from tlie Chinese.
In 1881 a committee was appointed to brino^
the subject of establishing a mission amongst
this people before Tai-hoey. In 1882 $200 was
subscribed by the native church for its support
aad the work begun. The progress has been
slow and often discouraging. In 1891 there
was a church of eighteen souls; three had been
received on confession, two died, one excom-
municated, one suspen.le.J, three adults bap-
tized and 117.10 contributed.
In one other way do the native Christians
seek to make known the message unto their
brethren. Every Tuesday at Amoy (and once
a month in the country) a company of Chris-
tians an.l missionaries (male and female) meets
in one of the chapels, where they hold a short
service of prayer, then go out by twos or threes
and preach in the streets. TJie ladies visit tlie
homes and tell the Gospel story there This
IS called the Po-to-hoe, which means, "The
Proclamation of the Gospel Meeting." Thus
m these ways the Gospel is being made known.
But there are other ways which we must also
consider.
OHAPTEE XIII.
TWO NOTABLE POLITICAL EVENTS.
The two political movements alluded to in
these pages, viz.: "The Tai-peng Rebellion" and
"The Anti-Missionary Movement in South
China," inasmuch as they both played a part
in the history of religious events in the dis-
trict and city of Amoy, may well claim a spe-
cial though brief consideration in this narra^
tion.
THE TAI-PENO REBEILLION.
The reign of Ham-hong, the seventh Emperor
of the Manchu Dynasty (1850-'64), was estab-
lished upon a crumbling and disintegrating
Em]iire. The affairs of the nation had reached
a crisis. The old ship of state had been about
stranded by the preceding Emperor, To-Kong,
and when Ham-kong took the reins of govern-
ment, the political affairs of the nation were in
a greatly unsettled condition.
His father had been most profuse in his prom-
ises of reformatory measures for the good of
his subjects, but they had failed to materialize.
This made fhe clamoring of the people still
louder and still more urgent upon the advent
of the new and young Emperor. For thirty
years the people had been pleading for justice,
and that cruel oppression and abuses might
TWO NOTABLE POLITICAL EVENTS. 135
cease. For thirty years they had pleaded in vain.
So now at the very threshold of the new order
of events the voice of the people was heard in
no uncertain sound asking again for reform
in order that the ship of state might not be-
come a total Avreck.
At first the young Emperor professed to take
a deep interest in these demands, and, like his
predecessor, promised much, and, like him, per-
formed little for the redress of the people. He
soon lapsed into the ways of his fathers. By
surrounding himself with wives and concubines,
and by indulging in all forms of sensual pleas-
ure and amusement, the nation's welfare and
the people's interest were furthest from his
thoughts and appai-ently soon entirely forgot-
ten.
When the people saw their rights thus de-
liberately trampled in the dust, and seeing at
the same time no hope of realizing the needed
reform from that source from which they sought
it, and had every reason to expect it, their pas-
sions wei^ Avrouglit up, and to the highest ten-
sion.
Under such a condition of affairs it was not
long before the spirit of insurrection against
the Government began to manifest itself, espe-
cially in the Kwang-si Province. The spark
was soon kindled into a flame, until not only
Kwang-si, but Hunan and Hu-peh were afire
with the spirit of rebellion. Now the cry was
not only for reform, but the banishment of the
136 FIFTY YEARS IN AMOY.
Tartar Emperor and the establishment of a
purely Chinese Dynasty instead.
As a leader in this cause, one who claimed
to be a descendant of the Mings (the x)receding
Dynasty, 13G7-1644,) presented himself, and
under the title of Thian-te, "Heavenly Virtue,"
undertook to drive out the Tartar and re-estab-
lish the Mings in power.
Such was the condition of the country when
we make the acquaintance of Hung Su-chuen,
the leader of what has become the notable "Tai-
peng Rebellion (1850-'G4). In view of the fore-
going, it will be readily seen that the time was
ripe for such a conflict.
It is now necessary to demonstrate, if possi-
ble, how Hung Su-chuen became identified with
and the leader in tliis insurrection, the most
marvelous that has engaged the attention of
men.
Hung Su-chuen had nothing to do with the
movement in behalf of that reform that was
startesl by the people, and of which Thian-te
assumed the leadership, but on account of
events that he was unable to control, he was
obliged to cast in his lot with the insurgents,
and finally became the leader.
Hung Su-chuen was a native of the Kwang-
tung Province, and at the time of these events
was about forty years old, having been born
near Canton in 1813. He was a literary grad-
uate and a teacher by profession.
During one of his examination periods at
Canton, portions of the Old Testament and some
TWO NOTABLE POLITICAL EVENTS. 13T
Christian tracts fell under his notice. At the
time, the contents of these books made but lit-
tle if any impression upon him. In 1837, after
failing in an examination, he became despond-
ent, which finally ended in a serious siege of
illness. While he was ill he had a most vivid
dream, which made such a deep impression
upon his mind that he could not forg^et it. In
his dream he was caught up into Heaven and
stood in the presence of God and Jesus, ''who
exhorted him to live a virtuous life," and exter-
minate imps from the nation. He claimed to
be washed from all the imi)urities of his nature,
and to be possessed of a new heart. He spoke
of God as "Heavenly Father," and of Jesus as
"Heavenly, or Celestial, Elder Brother."
Six years after this passed away, yet no change
in his outward life is apparent. He still pur-
sues his literary course and performs the duties
of a village schoolmaster in the Province of
Kwang-si. But in 1843 his attention is once
more directed, by a friend, to the books he had
abandoned and shelved some six or seven years
before. In tliem he was led to believe tliat he
had found an interpretation to his di-eams. Per-
ceiving the fearful denunciations thundered
against all forms of idolatry, he concluded thait
^Hhe imps" referred to in his dream must be
the idols of the land.
He then embraced Christianity as he under-
stood it. Some historians affirm that he was
baptized by the missionary M. Gutzlaff; others
say he and this "friend" baptized each other
138 FIFTY YEAES IN AMOY.
and then began to propagate his system of re-
ligion, "containing a modicum of Christian
truth, together with many singular misconcep-
tions and vagaries of their imaginations.'^
Hung Su-chuen began his iconoclastic cam-
paign by demolishing the tablet of Confucius
that was standing in the village school-room.
Such an act created a tremendous furor in the
little hamlet where he w^as teacher. Parents
whose children were under his instruction be-
came alarmed and gTeatly excited; sought
an explanation of such startling innovations.
His reasons were frankly given, and they proved
so sufficient that they became his ardent sup-
porters and followers.
Then came the elders, or headmen, of the
village with their remonstrances, but they like-
wise fell capti^-e to his arguments and enlisted
under his banners. From village to village the
new religion spread, until within a very short
period the number of converts had swelled to
the marvelous number of 5,000, and in 1851 the
number had increased to 12,000.
Temples, idols and all forms of idolatry began
to fall before the enthusiastic host like grass
before tlie mower. And when it seemed as
though the ancient system and customs of 5,000
years were to be swept away without a mo-
ment's notice, the officials began to be alarmed
and sought to put a stop to this awful dese-
cration. A price was set upon the head of
Hung Su-chuen. Dead or alive, the officials
wanted him. True as steel were the people to
TWO NOTABLE POLITICAL EVENTS. 139
the leader, and rather than betray him to the
authorities they wouhl die first. Failing in this,
the provincial authorities of Kwang-si sent the
Imperial forces against the new sect to extermi-
nate it. Even their effor-t met Avith ignoble
failure, for it resulted in the total destruction
of the proAoncial troops.
Up to this time it is fair to assume that Hung
Su-chuen and his followers had no other motive
than the desire for freedom of worship, and to
worship according to the dictates of their con-
science.
But now a crisis was at hand. Events that
he could not control were changing the char-
acter of his movements. He ha<l not only
routed, but he had slain the Imperial guards-
men, and now he assumed that the whole Gov-
ernment would oppose him, and if he expected
to succeed he must fortify himself behind
stronger barricades than were now in his pos-
session. It T^'as probably then at this time he
joined forces with the reformers and became
the leader of that greater movement, whose aimi
was to drive the Manchus from the dragon
throne. Be that as it may, he now, at any rate,
assumed the name of Tai-peng, ''The (xrand
Pacitlcator,'^ and proclaimed himself the head
of the new Dynasty — Tai-i)eug thian Kok, i. e.,
"The l*eaceful Heavenly Kingdom."
The Pretender was not popular, and under his
leadership the cause made no progi^ess. But
when Hung Bu-chuen, endowed both with re-
ligious as well as with political enthusiasm,
140 FIFTY YEARS IN AMOY.
became the commander-in-chief of the move-
ment another condition of affairs immediately
occurred. He speedily won the affection of all
the enlisted troops, and so fired them with his
enthusiasm that victory perched upon their
banners all al(?Qg their w^ay from Kwang-si in
the southwest to Keang-se in the northeast.
Various secret societies joined the moyement
until there w^as an army of about 50,000 enlisted
men in the field.
This army soon received the sobriquet of
"The Long-haired Rebels," because they cut
off their cue (a token of subjection imposed upon
the Chinese by the Tartars), ceased to shave
their heads and allowed their hair to grow nat-
urally.
The religious tone of the movement was still
maintained. Worship of God w^as observed in
every encampment. The camps were made to
resound with religious hymns of i^raise. Fre-
quently before engaging in battle the troops
would have a ser\ice of prayer. A proclama-
tion Avas issued setting forth their belief. Among
the jnany documents issued during the period
of this notable movement it is difficult to say
which are genuine an<l which are apocryphal.
The two inserted here, if not genuine, will give
at least some idea of the beliefs of ''The Tai-
peng'' and his followers:
^"According to the Old Testament, the Su-
preme Lord, our Heavenly Father, created in
(1) History of the Insurrection in China. By M.M. Callery
and Yvan, 1853.
TWO NOTABLE POLITICAL EVENTS. 141
the space of six days heaven and eartli, moun-
tains and seas, men and things. The Supreme
Lord is a spiritual, invisible, omnipotent Father,
knowing everything- and everywhere present.
There is not under Heaven any nation which
does not know his power.
"On referring to the reminiscences of past
times, Tvo find that since the creation of the
worhl the Supreme Lord has often manifested
His disideasure. How is it then that you peo-
ple of the eartii are ignorant of Him still?
" On the first occasion, the Supreme Lord dis-
played his wrath by causing a gTeat rain to fall
forty days and forty nights, Avhich caused a
universal deluge.
"On a second occasion, the Supreme Lord
manifested His displeasure and brought Israel
out of Egypt.
"On a third occasion He displayed His tre-
mendous majesty when the Saviour of the world,
the Lord Jesus, became incarnate in the land
of Ju<lea and suffered for the redemption of the
human race. And of late again showed His
wratJi when, in the year 1837, he sent a celes-
tial messenger, whom he appointed to slay the
infernal bands. Moreover, he has sent the celes-
tial King to take the reins of empire into his
own hands and save the people. From the year
1818 to that of 1851 the Supreme Lord has been
moved by the misfortunes of the people who
^veye entangled in the snares of the Evil Ona
In the third moon of last year the great Em-
peror appeared, and in the nmth moon Jesus
142 FIFTY YEARS IN AI^IOY.
the Saviour of the world, manifested Himself
by innumerable acts of powei^, and by the mas-
sacre of innumerable numbers of the ungodly in
many pitched battles. How then can these chil-
dren of Hell resist the majesty of Heaven?
^'How, we add, could the wrath of the Su-
preme Lord be otherwise than kindled against
men who worship corrupt spirits, who give
themselves up to unclean actions, and thus de-
liberately violate the Commandments of Heaven?^
Why do ye not wake, all ye inhabitants of the
earth? Why do ye not rejoice to be born in a
time when you are permitted to witness the
glory of the Most High?
" Since you fall into an epoch like this, where
you will have the surpassing peace of heavenly
days, it is time for you to awake and be stirring.
Those Avho fulfill the will of Heaven shall be pre-
served, but those who <lisobey shall be torn in
pieces.
'^At this moment the diabolical Tartar, Hien-
foung (Ham-hong), originally a Mantchou (Mau-
chu) slave, is the sworn enemy of the Chinese
race. More than this, he leads our brethren to
adopt the habits of demons, to adore evil, to
disobey the true spirit, and thus to rebel against
the Most High. Therefore Heaven will not suf-
fer him any more, and men will not fail in their
resolution to destroy him. Alas! body of vali-
ant men as je are, ye appear not to know that
every tree has its roots, every brook its source.
You seem as though you wish to reverse the
order of things, for while running after the least
TWO NOTABLE POLITICAL EVENTS. 143
advantage you so turn about that you serve
your enemies, and being ensnared with the
wiles of the E\dl One, you ungratefully rebel
against your rightful Lord. You seem to for-
get that you are the virtuous students of the
Chinese Empire and the honorable subjects of
the Celestial Dynasty, and thus you easily ^tray
in the path of perdition without having pity on
yourselves.
^' And yet, among you courageous men there are
many who belong to the Society of the Triad,
and have made the compact ef blood that they
will unite their strength and their talents for
the extermination of the Tartar Dynasty. After
so solemn an engagement, can there be men who
would shrink from the common enemy of us all?
"Thei'e must be now in the provinces a great
number of resolute men, renowned men of let-
ters, and valiant heroes. We therefore call upon
jou to unfurl your standard to proclaim aloud
that you will no longer live under the same
Heaven as the Tartars, but seek to gain honor
in the service of the new sovereign. This is the
ardent wish of us who are his generals.
^'Our army, desirous to act upon ^those feel-
ings of kindness through w^hich the Most High
is pleased to spare the life of man, and to re-
ceive us with a kiss of compassion, have shown
clemency on our march, and have treated all
with mercy. Our generals and our troops ob-
serve the greatest fidelity with respect to the
rewards due to the country. These intentions
are known to you all. You ought to know that
144 FIFTY YEAES IN AJVIOY.
since Heaven has brought before you the true-
sovereign to govern the people, it is your duty
to aid in establishing His dominion. Although
our diabolical enemies may be counted by mill-
ions, and their crafty plans by thousands, they
cannot resist the decrees of Heaven.
"To kill without warning is contrary to our
feelings; and to remain in a state of inaction^
without attempting to save the people, w^ould
be contrary to humanity. Hence, we publish this
proclamation, urging you, O i>eople! to repent
in all haste, and to awaken with energy. Adore
the True Spirit and reject impure spirits; be
men for once and cease to be imps of the Devil
if you wish for length of days upon earth and
happiness in Heaven. If you persist in your
stupid obstinacy, the day of destruction Avill ar-
rive, as well for the precious stones as for the
pebbles, and then you will vainly gnaw every
finger in despair; but it will then be too late to
repent."
The second one, it will be observed, was is-
sued for the benefit of foreigners:
"The Heavenly Father, the Supreme Lord, the-
Great God, in ih& beginning created heaven and
earth, land and sea, men and things, in six days;
and from tliat time to this the whole world has
been one family, and all within the four seas
brethren; how can there exist, then, any differ-
ence between man and man, or how^ any dis-
tinction between principal and secondary birth?
Cut from the time that the human race has been
influenced by the demoniacal agency which has.
TWO NOTABLE POLITICAL EVENTS. 145
entered into the heart of man, they have ceased
to acknow'ledge the great benevolence of God,
the Heavenly Father, in giving and sustaining
life, and cease<l to appreciate the infinite merit
of the expiatory sacrifice made by Jesus, our
Celestial Elder Brother, and have, with lumps
of clay, wood and stone, practised perversity
in the world. Hence it is that the Tartar hordes
and Elfin Huns so fraudulently robbed us of
our celestial territory (China). But, happily,
our Heavenly Father and Celestial Elder
Brother have from au early date displayed their
miraculous power amongst you English, and
you ha\'e long acknowledged the duty of wor-
shipping God the Heavenly Father, and Jesus,
our Celestial Brother, so that the truth has been
preserved entire and the Gospel maintained.
Happily, too, the Celestial Father, the Supreme
Lord and Great God, has now of His infinite
mercy sent a heavenly messenger to convey our
royal master, the Heavenly King, up into
Heaven, and has personally endowed him with
power to sweep away from the thirty-thi'ee
heavens demoniacal influences of every kind^
and expel them thence into tliis lower world.
And, beyond all, happy it is that the Heavenly
Father and Great God displayed His infinite
mercy and compassion in coming down into this
oiir world in the third month of the year 1848,
and that Jesus, our Celestial Elder Brother, the
Saviour of the world, likewise manifested equal
favor and grace in descending to earth during
the ninth month of the same vear, where for
146 Fli^TY YEAES IN AMOY.
these six years past they have marvelously
guided the affairs of men, mightily exhibited
their wondrous power, and put forth innumer-
able miraculous proofs, exterminating a vast
number of imps and demons, and aiding our
Celestial Sovereign in assuming the control of
the whole Empire.
" But now that you distant English 'have not
deemed myriads of miles too far to come' and
acknowledge our sovereignty, not only are the
.soldiers and officers of the Celestial Dynasty
delighted and gratified thereby, but even in
high Heaven itself our Celestial Father and El-
der Brother will also admire this manifestation
of your fidelity and truth. We therefore issue
this special decree, permitting you, the English
vchief, to lead your brethren out or in, back-
ward or forward, in full accordance with your
own will or wish, whether to aid us in extermi-
nating our impish foes or to carry on your com-
mercial operations as usual ; and it is our earnest
Jiope that 3^ou will with us earn the merit of
diligently serving our royal master, and with
ns recompense the goodness of the Father of
Spirits.
"Wherefore we promulgate this new decree
of (our Sovereign) Tae-ping (Tai-peng) for the in-
formation of you English, so that all the human
race msij learn to worship our Heavenly Father
and Celestial Elder Brother, and that all may
know that, wherever our royal master is, there
men unite, congratulating him on having ob-
tained the decree to rule."
TWO NOTABLE POLITICAL EVENTS. 147
The leader, it will be observed, still professed
to abhor all forms of idolatry and called upon
all the good people of the Empire to unite with
him in this crusade of exterminating the idols
and temples as well as the rulers, whose laws
and actions were vile and inhuman.
The ever -victorious army swept everything^
before it, and after three years it was in pos-
session of Nanhin, the old cai)itol, and which
was immediately proclaimed to be the new Cap-
itol of the Tai-peng Dynasty. The slaughter
that followed the capture of Nankin was some-
thing frightful.
According to the accounts, the army of the
Manchus, though well armed and trained, did
not strike a blow in self-defense, "but, throw-
ing themselves on their faces and imploring
mercy in most abject terms, submitted to be
butchered like so many sheep."
Out of a population of more than 20,000 only
about 100 escaped, men, women and children
being mercilessly put to the sword.
Amoy, Chiang-chiu and Tong-an all suc-
cumbed to the insurgents, and much anxiety
was at one time felt concerning their ulterior
measures. Some portions of this district still
beai* the marks of the rebellion to this day, and
many years will pass before final restoration is^
accomplished.
An account- of an attempted recovery of
Amoy by the Imperialists is before me. It
says: The Imperialist admiral, with his fleet
(2) History of the Insurrection in China.
148 FIFTY YEARS IN AMOY.
of thirty junks, appeared in the harbor. He
immediately landed 1,000 men, who marched
steadily toward the citadel for two miles, when
the rebels made a rush and drove them back to
their boats with a loss of about twenty or
thirty killed and from twenty-five to fifty pris-
oners. Next day the rebels began trying the
prisoners wdth great formality. They were ex-
ceedingly civil to the Europeans, placing chairs
for all who would like to attend.
All the Tartai's taken were immediately be-
headed, the insurgents making no secret of their
intention of utterly exterminating the whole
race.
The other important cities that fell into the
hands of the insurgents were Soo-chow, Ning-
po, Kiu-Kiang and Chin-Kiang. Shanghai was
threatened, but on account of foreign protec-
tion resisted invasion.
For many years it seemed possible that the
Manchus would be overpowered, and that the
Tai-peng Dynasty would become established.
Nothing seemed possible to stay the tide of
success that was ever bearing along the army
of the insurgents toward the capital, Pekin.
From Canton in the south to Nankin in cen-
tral China, the Imperialists had fallen before
the conquering army of the insurgents.
And the sympathy of many foreigners, at
the beginning at least, was with the Tai-pengs.
They hoped that by their advent to power a
new order of things would be established and
more friendly relations between foreigners
TWO NOTABLE POLITICAL EVENTS. 149
adopted. But in these hopes they were to be
disappointed. The sequel of the story may be
soon told.
After the capture of Nankin, the army of
the insurgents was divided and sent into differ-
ent parts of the Empire in order to subjugate
the whole Empire to the Tai-pengs.
One portion of that army marched forward
toward Pekin, but it never reached the capi-
tal. Within 100 miles of the city it was turned
(back. From this time the cause of the "Long-
haired Eebels" began to decline. Being separ-
ated from their leader, the troops soon lost the
religious discipline that had been instituted by
the Grrand Pacificator.
Inferior classes of men were also brought in
to take the place of those Avho had fallen in the
conflict, and shortly the religious element, which
was their chief source of strength, became
weaker and weaker, and finally departed alto-
gether.
Hung Su-chuen became despondent, and even
fanatical in the extreme. The milita^ry chiefs
became suspicious of each other's motives and
began quarreling amongst themselves. Corrup-
tion and dissatisfaction soon became manifested
among the subordinates and soldiery. Then the
whole movement collapsed. In time it became
nothing more than a guerilla warfare. Com-
merce became greatly disturbed. The nation
was in a great turmoil, and finally all trade was
stagnated. Foreigners, though not pleased with,
the relations that existed between them and the
150 FIFTY \^ARS IN AMOY.
Chinese Government, were compelled to recog-
nize that after all the Pekin Government repre-
sented law and order, and its overthrow under
the present circumstances would be disastrous
to natives and foreigners alike.
It was for these reasons that the English
Army, uniler Gordon, was sent on its mission
to assist the Imperialists to put do\\^l the re-
bellion that had continued for nearly fourteen
years. With the ''ever victorious'' army of
"Chinese Gordon" (he received this title at this
time) the insurgents were driven out of all their
strongholds, until finally, in July, 1864, Nankin,
the last stronghold that represented a struggle
of a decade and more for an empire, fell, and
with it the last hope of the Tai-pengs. With
his cause lost. Hung 8n-chuen had no heart to
live, so he died by his own hand — a suicide.
Such a movement, so vast, so momentous,
though it failed in its special purpose, could
not fail in producing many beneficial results in
such a conservative and rut-bound nation as
China.
The best result of all was the blow directed
against the idolatry of the land. That blow
was for a time well directed and shook the an-
cient systeuas of worship to their very founda-
tion.
W'hat an eye-opener it was to these befogged
and benighted souls of the Orient! To those
who would see, it was evident that their gods
were useless and powerless, and could not even
save themselves from insults or their jjlaces of
TWO NOTABLE POLITICAL EVENTS. 151
abode from demolition. Such was the feeling
that they lost the confidence they formerly had
in these gods, for when they saw "the wholesale
destruction of their finest temples and largest
idols, and they had not sufficient faith in them
to restore them," "even when the people went
to existing temples, where in many cases they
had only extemporized idols, they worshipi)ed
with the sense of the fact that the gods had
been yanquished, and that their prestige had
passed away."
In so far as this, then, the revolution did ac-
complish one of its aims. In a measure, it did
destroy some of the power of the "imps," if not
all of the "imps."
Twenty -five years and more have passed since
these events recorded here and those "imps"
still reign over this immense nation. No such
Christianity as Hung Su-chuen promulgated can
ever destroy them, but only the pure and unde-
filed Gospel of Jesus Christ.
This is the power, and the only power, that
will SAveep them from the Empire.
THE ANTI-MISSIONARY MOVEMENT IN SOUTH CHINA.
This movement was confined especially to the
Amo}^ district and adjacent localities, and is
therefore of particular interest to those con-
sidering the history of the events of the Amoy
Mission.
At the time it created a great excitement
amongst the missionaries and foreign residents
152 FIFTY YEARS IN AMOY.
at Amoy. For a time the affair looked very
serious and the final issue extremely uncertain.
An account of this movement, its cause and
effects, has been well sketche<i in a letter ad-
dressed to Gen. C. W. LeGrendi'e, United States
Consul at Amoj, by the Eev. J. V. N. Talmage,
September 22d, 1871.
This letter was published in pamphlet form,
and we can do no better in sketching this event
than to embody parts of it here:
''In July, 1871, inflammatory placards were
extensively posted throughout the region about
Canton, stating that foreigners (some of them
especially designated the French) had imported
a large quantity of i^oison, and had hired vaga-
bond Chinese to distribute it among the peo-
ple; that only foreigners knew the antidote to
this poison, and that they refused to administer
it except for large sums of money, or to such
persons as embraced the f(jreigners' religion,
and in this latter case, if the patients were
women, only for the vilest purposes. Of the in-
tense excitement produced b^^ these vile state-
ments in the Canton province, and of the man-
ner in which it was checked, you are as well
informed as we.
''In the latter part of July some of these pla-
cards and letters accompanying them were re-
ceived by Chinese at Amoy from their Canton
friends. They were copied, with changes to
suit this region, and extensively circulated. The
man at Amoy who seems to have been the most
active in their circulation was the Chham-hu
TWO NOTABLE POUTICAL EVENTS. 153
(highest military officer at Amoy under the ad-
miral). Almost immediately he united with the
Hai-hong (highest civil officer at Amoy under the
Tautai) in issuing a proclamation, warning the
people to be on their guard against a poison,
which wicked people were circulating. This
proclamation was not only circulated in the city
of Amoy, but also in the countrv around. It
did not mention foreigners, but the people by
some other means were made to understand that
foreigners were meant.
"Thus, in the city of Chiang-chiu (about thirty
miles west of Amoy) there was much excitement
produced on the fli-st receipt of the news from
Amoy about the poisoning. Whether this was
caused by the letter of the Chham-hn to the
i>istrict Magistrate (its contents havino- been
made public through the underlings of the Mag-
istrate's office), or whether it was caused by
other letters from Amoy, we cannot decide with
certainty. But, however caused, as the people
saw no evidence of the distribution of poison
It grad,u,lly subside<l. Then it was that the
District Magistrate issued his proclamation. In-
foming the people, on the authority of the
Ohham-hu of Amoy, of the danger of poison,
an<l putting them on their guard especially
against poison in their wells. In this proclama-
tion the word foreigner is no,t mentioned, but, as
at Amoy, the people were otherwise informed
tnat foreigners were meant.
"Two days later the District Magistrate issued
another proclamation, reiterating his warnings,
154 FIFTY YEAES IN AMOY.
and informing the people that he had arrested
and examined a man, who confessed that he,
with three others, had been employed by for-
eigners to engage in this work of poisoning the
people. Their especial business was to poison
all the wells. The Magistrate cautioned the
people against using water for a few days, en-
joining on them to clean out and g^ard their
wells. This so-called criminal was speedily ex-
ecuted.
^^A few days afterward a military officer at
Chiang-chiu (nearly of the same rank with the
Ohham-hu at Amoy) also issued a proclamation
to warn the people against poison, and giving
the confession of the above-mentioned crimi-
nal with great particularity. The criminal is
made to say that a few months ago he had been
decoyed and sold to foreigners. In company
with more than fifty others, he was conveyed
by ship to Macao. There they were distrib-
uted among the foreign hongs, one to each hong;
that afterward he, with three others, was sent
home, being furnished with poison for distribu-
tion and with special directions to poison all
the wells in their way. They w^re to refer all
those on whom the poison took effect to a cer-
tain individual at Amoy, who would heal them
gratuitously, only requiring of them their names.
This doubtless is an allusion to the Chinese Hos-
pital at Amoy, where the names of the patients
are of course recorded, and they receive medi-
cine and medical attendance gratuitously.
"In this confession foreigners are designated
TWO NOTABLE POLITICAL EVENTS. 155
by the opprobious epithet of "Little (i. e., con-
temptible,) Demons.'' This, by the way, is a
phrase never used to designate foreigners by
any people in this region except those in the
Mandarin offices. Besides the absurdity of
charging foreigners with distributing poison,
the whole confession bears the evidence, not
only of falsehood, but, if ever made, of having
been put into the man's mouth by those inside
of the Mandarin office, and forced from him by
torture for the express purpose of exciting the
intensest hatred of the people against foreigners.
"At the city of Tong-an (some twenty miles
north of Amoy) the District Magistrate also is-
sued a proclamation warning the people against
poison, and giving the Chham-hu of Amoy the
autliority for the danger. The District Magis-
trate in the city of Chin-chin (some fifty or sixty
miles northeast of Amoy) issued a similar procla-
mation, giving for his authority the Magistrate
of Tong-an and the Chham-hu of Amoy.
"In consequence of these proceedings of the
Magistrate, the excitement and terror and
hatred to foreigners, and consequently to the
native Christians, on the part of the i)eople, be-
came most intense, and extended from the cities
far into the country around. Wells were fenced
in and put under lock and key. People were
called together by the beating of gongs to draw
water. The buckets were covered in carrying
water to guard against the throwing in of poi-
son along the streets. At the entrance of some
villages notices were posted warning strangers
156 FIFTY YEARS IN AMOY.
not to enter lest they be arrested as poisoners^
In various places strangers haA^e been arrested
and severely beaten on suspicion merely be-
cause they are strangers.
"The native Christians everywhere were sub-
jected to much obloquy and sometimes to immi-
nent danger, charged with being under the in-
fluence of foreigners, and employed by them
to distribute poison. From various mission
stations in tlie country letters were written by
the native Christians to the missionaries at
Amoy, a(hdsing them, in consequence of the in-
tense excitement against foreigners, not to run
the risli of visiting them for a season. Even
at the Amoy Hospital, which has now been in
existence for thirty years, tlie number of pa-
tients apph ing for medical treatment greatly
decreased. Some days there w^ere almost none.
"Letters and placards were sent from Amoy
(and perhajjs also from Canton) to Foochow.
The excitement there, especially in some parts
of the country around, became even more in-
ten^ve than at Amoy. At least two foreigners,
one of them an English missionary, and a num-
ber of native preachers were very badly treated
by mobs, and narrowly escaped death.- '
Thus, we see that great excitement prevailed
over the Avhole region, and not only the lives of
the native Christians w^ere endangered, but the
lives of the foreigners as well. As it was, some
of the iiative Christians had to suffer severely
from the intrigues of their enemies.
It is presumed, and on good authority, that
TWO NOTABLE POLITICAX, EVENTS. 15T
tiie whole moyement originated with, the Man-
darins, not with the people. It was a political
scheme of theirs whereby they hoped to banish
the ob;noxiou;S foreignei) from their domain.
And the way they were to begin this "retro-
grade policy" was to open the attack upon the
missionaries. And thej^ imagined this would
be the easiest way, for they considered tliat
such a policy would meet with "the least op-
position from all foreign nations except France.''
The purpose, then, was to embroil the nation
in a war with foreigners, with the ultimate
hope, in some inexplicable manner, of conquer-
ing and driving them out.
In those days the officials were ringing the
changes on foreigners pretty much as in these
days our American officials are upon the Chi-
nese. Then it was, "the foreigners must go.''
Now it is, "the Chinese must go."
And the method the Chinese were to employ
was to first get the missionaries on the run and
all others would follow.
The great objection of the ruling classes of
China to Christianity (at least Protestant Chris-
tianity) is, that it is a foreign religion. Those
officials who have residences near where Prot-
estant missions have long been established must
be acquainted with the good character of mis-
sionaries, and with the fact that Christianity
tends to make better subjects of those who em-
brace it. But they regard missionaries as the
pioneers of foreign civilization. They know
that, so far as missionaries are successful in
158 FIFTY YEARS IN AMOY.
their labors, they are preparing in the minds of
the people a better feeling toward foreigners,
and thus preparing the way for the extension
of foreign intercourse and the introduction of
foreign improvements. A few years ago, on
the opening of a Christian chapel at the neigh-
boring town of Tong-an, the literati, in order
to excite a riot, reviled Christianity as being
deficient in the matter of filiality, but they
stated as their strong argument against the
chapel that if it were allowed to remain, soon
the foreign merchants would also establish
themselves there as they had done at Amoy.
The ruling classes also know that, when the
time comes ^^at a given moment to dispose of
the fate of foreigners," the greatest obstacle
in their way will be the missionaries and the
native Christians. Hence, when a few years
ago an attempt was made to get up a riot
against the 'missionaries at Foochow, the pla-
cards stated that the missionaries w^ere the
"eyes and the ears" of the other foreigners,
and that if only these could be got rid of there
could be no difficulty in disposing of the rest.
No doubt the recent affairs have made the rul-
ing classes here dislike missionaries more than
ever.
They know well that the information, by
which the foreign Consuls were able to check-
mate them, must have come from the mission-
aries. In so far as this only was it in any way
anti-missionary — its ulterior purpose was far
more reaching.
TWO NOTABLE POLITICAL EVENTS. 159
And how was this movement suppressed?
How was this disastrous war avoided? How
came it about that the foreigners did not go?
In the first place, the matter was presented
to the attention of the different Consuls of for-
eign nations, and they in turn placed the state
of affairs before the Chinese authorities. All
disastrous results were avoided on account of
the lirni stand the foreign Consuls took for ttie
observance o^ treaty rights. They demanded
that they should be and must be observed.
And be it said to the credit of those heathea
officials, those demands were respected.
Jn view of such facts, what a spectacle this
Aniei'ican Christian nation must present when
this Chinese people come in turn to us and ask
us to respect the treaties we have made with
them, and we in turn face about and break
the sacred obligations without the least com-
punction !
Supposing the Chinese officials had not lis-
tened to the demands of the foreign Consuls^
what would have been the result? Simply this,
that the foreign l*owers would, altogethe<r,
likely, have swept the whole Chinese Empire
with shot and shell, if necessary, until their
demands were granted.
It might be a grand, good lesson, and it
might have a purifying effect upon some of
our thoroughly diseased body politics, if a dose
of shot and shell were administered unto them.
But the Chinese are more patient than we
are, and whether they know it or not, it is not
160 FIFTY YEARS IN AMOY.
shot and shell that makes right, nor will such
forces in the end prevail, nor any nation built
on such combustible materials, but only truth
and righteousness will endure to the end, and
the nation whose foundation are these.
CHAPTER XIV
MEDICAL WOEK.
Medical work in China has long been proved
to be indispensable in carrying on a mission-
ary enterprise successfully. In many instances
it has been the tliinnest edge of the wedge that
has finally cleft the hard and conservative
hearts of these China's millions. It has " gaine<l
privileges'' that no other agency has been able
to as yet, and has risen rapidly in esteem and
estimation of the natives. The hope of obtain-
ing bodily relief for all their sufferings has
been and is inducement sufficient for them to
lay aside all their prejudices that they may
entertain in regard to the foreigner and his re-
ligion and come to the hospital for treatment.
But by thus coming they are brought in con-
tact with the Gospel and led to know of a
deeper malady, and of Him who is the Great
Physician.
This has ever been the purpose of this agency,
and it is not too much to say that in this way
souls have been won for Christ whose salva-
tion we could never have looked for without
this open door, through which they have walked
into the Kingdom.
Of course, this is human language, and you
162 FIFTY YEARS IN AMOY.
will understand the meaning it is intended to
C0B\ey.
Medical work at Amoy began June Ttli, 1842^
when Dr. Cummings, a seli'-supporting mission-
ary, under the patronage of the A. B. C. F. M.^
opened a dispensary in one of the rooms of Dr.
Abeel's house, on Kolongsu.
In January, 1844, Dr. Cummings moved his
dispensary over to Amoy, into one of the twa
rooms that the Mission (Reformed) had rented
for Gospel services.
Daily he ministered unto the sick as they came-
to him "for medicine and medical advice," both
as regards spiritual and bodily diseases. Dr»
Cummings was obliged to leave Amoy on ac-
count of ill-health in 1847.
Dr. J. C. Hepburn, under the patronage of
the American Presbyterian Church, w^as en-
gaged in medical work at Amoy from Novem-
ber 25th, 1843, to 1845. He w as a co-laborer of
Dr. Cummings.
In July, 1850, Dr. James Young, of the Eng-
lish Presbyterian Church, arrived and con-
ducted the medical work until 1854, when ill-
health banished him also from the field. From
that time until about 18G2 medical Avork was
carried on under the co-operation of the three
societies represented at Amoy.
At this time the foreign merchants offered to
relieve the missionary bodies of all pecuniary
support and to carry on the hospital work at
Amoy on the old religious basis. Still, the mis-
sionaries maintained their interest in the work^
MEDICAL WORK. 163
both by financial snpport and by individnal ser-
vice in ministering the Word to the patients in
the wards.
A Community Doctor was put in charge. In
1877 or '78 they began to secularize the work,
until 1879 it was decided by the foreign mer-
chants (the principal supporters) to withdraw
or dispose of any religious character that might
have been attached to the institution and make
it an entirely secular institution.
Under these circumstances the missionaries
felt obliged to suspend their Interest.
However, medical work w^as not abandoned.
Four years later the English Presbyterians built
a hospital of their own in another part of the
city, which was opened for the reception of
patients in 1883, under the care of Dr. A. L.
Macleish. In this institution our Mission felt
that it lield almost an equal interest. The hos-
pital was built on some land o^^Tied by our
Mission in close proximity to our Tek Chhiu
Kfia Church (Second Church of Amoy). More-
over, we contributed largely (until we began
work at Sio-Ivhe) toward its financial support.
We also took a deep interest in the spiritual
welfare of the institution, as both the female
antl male members of the Mission visited the
hospital frequently to talk with the patients
upon their spiritual condition, as well as taking
a share in the other regular religious services
of the hospital.
In October, 1887, the Woman's Board of the
Reformed (Dutch) Church commissioned and
164 FIFTY YEARS IN AMOY.
sent out Dr. Y. M. King, a Chinese lady, who
had been adopted in childhood by Dr. Mac-
Cartee, to begin medical work among the women
of Amoy, China.
She seemed well fitted for the work, and we
considered that it was a long-felt need supplied
when she began such a work. She had already
entered upon what promised to be a most use-
ful and successful Avork, when, for reasons v^e
need not mention here, she transferred her ef-
forts to Kobe, Japan (Autumn, 1888).
Thus our hopes, which we had every reason
to suppose were to be realized, were su<ldenly
dashed to pieces.
Only one who resides in China, and is ac-
quainted with the seclusion of the Chinese
women, can ever fully know what grand work a
Chinese woman's hospital can accomplish in
Amoy. May the day not be far distant when
the Board may be able to send out a consecrated
woman to take up this important work at Amoy
and make a success of it.
In 1889 what we may call our independent
medical work was begun at Sio-Khe, sixty miles
inland from Amoy. In the fall of 1887 the
Board of Foreign Missions commissioned and
sent out Dr. J. A. Otte, who arrived in Amoy
January 1 3th, 1888, to take charge of that work.
After much bickering and fussing with the
natives of Sio-Khe, who did not like our com-
pany very much (they have learned to think
more of us), a site was secured, the Neerbosch
Hospital erected, and opened for the treatment
MEDICAL WOEK. 165
of patients in 1880. The next year enlarge-
ments and improvements were necessary, and
the present dimensions of the hospital are
about 05x30 and two stories high.
On the lower floor are the chapel, dispensary,
consultation room, woman's ward, store-room
and kitchen.
On the upper floor are the general ward,
eye ward, ulcer ward, opium ward, and two
students' rooms.
The wards can accommodate 46 single beds
and nearly all have been supported by friends
in America at |35 each. Outside the hospital
are two large open courts, the one for men and
the other for women. The upper story has a
nice wide veranda.
Natives as well as foreigners have joineil in
making the work a success. Both the civil and
military Mandarins of Sio-Khe and vicinity are
good friends of the institution, and take a deep
interest in the work by contributing liberally
to its support and by frequent visits. And,
moreover, the work has lately won the favor of
the District Magistrate. Better still, a Military
Mandarin was won for Christ. Only a few year^
ago some of these same officials were bitter
enemies of Christianity m general, and the hos-
pital in particular. It is none too high praise
to say that such happy and blessed results are
due in a large measure to the skill and Chris-
tian courtesy of Dr. Otte.
In 1891 the Chinese alone contributed |200
to the hospital. Besides this, native Christians
166 FIFTY YEARS IN AMOY.
and foreigners contributed in the same year
$378.10 for bui'dln.o- the opium refuge.
THE IMEDICAL STAFF.
John A. Otte, M. D., Physician in Charge;
lap Chi-seng, Dispenser; Ng Madiui, Evan-
gelist.
MEDICAL STUDENTS.
Ng lan-gi, Tan Thian-un, lap Su-^.n, Tan
Khe-ju, Lim lau-pang.
The design of the institution is medical, evan-
gelistic and educational.
1. According to the xVnnual Eeport of the Hos-
pital for 1891-'92, 1,774 new names (male) were
enrolled on the register, 283 female; total, 2,057;
533 patients were admitted for treatment, 2,7-^5
new cases were treated, 197 old cases continued,
6,892 return visits Avere made by pa.t'ents; total
9,844; !225 patients were visited in their homes,
iOl patients underwent surgical operations.
2. Thus we see that several thousand souls
were brought in touch with the Gospel message
not once but many times. The students, as w^ell
as the evangelist, have been most devoted, not
only in dispensing medicine, but in their spir-
itual ministrations as ^Aell. They have mani-
fested the true missionary spirit, n-.t '.nly in
preaching the Gospel to their c:>untrymen lying
in wards in the hosp'tal, bat by going out one
evening of each week into the neighbarin;'- towns
and villages to tell the story of releeming love.
MEDICAL WORK. 1G7
Such work cannot fail of blessed results, and
there are signs of abundant "showers of bless-
ings"; the first droppings are already falling.
In 1891 four of the former patients were ad-
mitted in the full communion of the Sio-Khe
Church. Among the four was "the Yery fiviit
patient who received treatment in the hospital.^'
And tidings come of those who, having returned
to their homes, have not only made an open pro-
fession of their faith in the Gospel of Jesus
Christ, but are telling others the story.
3. Anothej' object of the institution is to train
up native Christian physicians, who, wo trust,
will manifest the character of that Apostle who
was both an evangelist, apostle and "good
physician." Five, as mentioned above, are under
course of traininjr.
CHAPTER XV.
EDUCATIONAL WORK
This is another important agency in onr mis-
sionary enterprise. It is another line of attack
in the enemy's country, another way of train-
ing our guns toward the foe. It has a double
purpose, as it is instructive and constructive.
It is instructive, as it aims to reach the youth,
the "literati," and the ignorant of China, and
constructive, as it seeks to furnish the Amoy
District with a native educated ministry.
I. Instructive. — (a) We listen and catch
the sound of the tramp of coming genera;tions,
Tvho, before we can count the time, will take
the places of the present. Boys and girls they
are now, but faster than the shadow^s climb the
mountains they are becoming men and women.
What kind of men and women? Young, mis-
guided, if guided at all, wasting precious mo-
ments, they are following hard and fast in the
footsteps of their fathers and mothers, in hot
pursuit of iniquity, superstition and idolatry.
NoAv is the time to seek them; now is the best
time and the easiest time to teach them better
things and lead them in better ways.
This is solid missionary work; and do we mag-
nify the office too much when w^e say there is
no more powerful advocate or counsellor before
EDUCATIONAL WORK. 1G9
the bar of this people's conscience than Chris-
tian education? It strikes at the fountain and
root of this Empire in its endeavor to lead the
youth "in the right way" — ^the way of truth and
righteousness. Are we going to provide for
eveiything else and make no provision for the
youth?
We w^ould not, and do not, maintain that this
agency is the only agency, much less the best
or foremost or most important, nor the one to
be pushe.l vigorously above all others; but we
do insist that it is as important as the next.
The Rev. W. T. A. Barber relates how he once
was approached by ''a dear and respected sis-
ter," who said: "It surely must be very refresh-
ing to you when you can get away from your
school and preach the Gospel." "Preach the
Gospel!" he replied. "I am preaching the Gos-
pel ever day. I am not a Christian first and a
schoolmaster afterward. I am not a school-
master first and Christian afterward. I am a
Christian schoolmaster in and through all, try-
ing to bring home to my pupils the fact that
the faith that makes their teacher patient, that
makes him thorough, that makes him true, is
founded on Christ, the incarnate Son of God."
And here, as Christian schoolmaster, we add,
are afforded the grandest opportunities, most
inspiring of congregations for preaching Christ
as you preach Him elsewhere: the Saviour of
their lost and guilty race; blessed occasions for
instilling into their dull, ignorant, heavily-laden
hearts the first notes of that angel song and
170 FIFTY YEARS IN MIOY.
story: "Behold! I bring you good tidings of
great joy, . . , for there is born to you ... a Sav-
iour, which is Christ the Lor<i." Can we begin
too soon to knock at such hearts, ground and
crushed by three or four thousand years of su-
perstition, ignorance and idolatry, till death-
like stniiefaction possesses every chamber of
heart, mind, will and conscience? O! we must
strike deep at the foundation, the very roots of
this nation, if we ever hope, by the grace (xod
vouchsafes us, to see China amongst the re-
deemed.
(b) Moreover, is not education the very door
to the hearts of the upper classes? We have
touched but the fringes of this gTeat garment
as yet; Ave have succeeded in planting our guns
in a few places ou the outer boundaries of this
vast domain, but the chief cities and the capi-
tal still remain barricaded fortresses. As we
look up toward those heights, higher than the
watch towers on the mountain fortress city of
Jebus they seem to us, and as insurmountable.
The besieged — for besieged they are — are "in-
finitely self-satisfied with the accumulated, in-
tellectual pride of centuries, infinitely scornful
of all that bears not the stamp of Confucian
lore," and infinitely unconcerned about their
ultimate overthrow and eternal doom. The de-
mands that come from the hosts of Jehovah for
an absolute, unconditional surrender are hurled
back with persistent defiance, and even the ap-
peals to escape from their imminent peril and
seek safety in salvation provided by God, in-
EDUCATIONAL WORK. 171
carnated in the person of Jesus Christ, seems
not yet, at least, to have touchel the outermost
pickets of their hearts.
There is a certain literary class in China
which we can no more hope will be touched by
the churches than we can hope that that other
class of sick and infirm can (humanly speaking).
The sick must first feel the physician's touch;
so must these ignorant ones feel the educator's
touch before we can hope to see tliem forsake
their ancient fortresses, before we can hope that
that innate conceit will be broken. And until
we have brought all our instruments of warfare
up to the breach already opened can we hope
to take the city?
This upper class, known as the "literati,"
profess to be soaked with knowledge. The
Church does not reach them, the hospital can-
not, the school will. The schools will, because
the Chinese respect knowledge, and through
this door, over which we will inscribe ""True
Knowledge," iimst these pass to enter the King-
dom of God.
Is this limiting the power of the Gospel or
of the Church? Is this magnifying the office?
Kot at all. Far be it from me to attach any
such limitations, 'or make au}^ such foolish,
intimations. But God helps them who help
themselves. He has left us to employ human
means in this great Avork, and here is one that
will bring the Gospel in contact Avith a certain
class that no other agency has reached as yet.
We claim nothing more of it. May God make us
172 FIFTY YEARS IN AMOY.
wise to use all things wisely and every means
possible to lead this people to a knowledge of
the Truth.
(c) There is still another class to whom edu-
cation has ever been a boon and a blessing,
viz.: the females of China.
When we consider the possibilities of this
department amongst th^ girls and the women
of China, and what it ha^f already accomplished,
it is something wondrously gTand, and perhaps
beyond our conception.
Of the two sexes, woman's mind is the most
benighted, as they have no opportunity to learn.
Men may learn, women not. Whilst the Chi-
nese boast of a civilization, yet the treatment
of their women has been little better than bar-
barian. Depriving them of souls, they have
deprived them of an education. The Chinese
woman has no business to know anything, and
few do. She is little more than a slave of her
husband and her mother-in-law. However
much mothers-in-laws may be abused in our own
land, it is a painful truth that in China they
are perfect terrors.
Under her dominion the young wife's epito-
mized historj^ is recorded in these few words:
^'Rise, run, work; eat little, spend little, be si-
lent, obey, bear." Kather bleed, starve, die,
than dare complain.
The ignorance of these women is something
frightful. And what else could be expected?
That it is a great obstacle in the advancement
of our churches and all that is good, is apparent.
EDUCATIONAL WORK. 173
Imagine a woman tlius deprived of all advan-
tages of an education being brought in contact
with the Gospel. Nay, more. Imagine a con-
gregation of women, who cannot read one sylla-
ble of their own language, much less think one
intelligent thought, sitting under your min-
istrations Sabbath after Sabbath. What kind
of impressions could you make upon such
minds? What kind of improvement could you
hope for in their spiritual and intellectual lives?
What of expansion and widening of vision could
one expect under such circumstances?*
So the story comes freighted with everlasting
love and compassion, and full of food for
thought. But how much can sucli minds drink
in? How can such minds think that have never
ibeen taught to think? Why, their husbands
(or their mothers-in-law) do all their thinking,
if you please.
Here are some samples of the way they com-
prehend the Gospel messages. You repeat the
story over and over again, until you imagine
they have it at last. And they Avill make you
feel encouraged by insisting that they really do
understand. ''Oh, yes," they assure you; "we
understand it all." Pleased and satisfied, you
:go your way rejoicing, until you are brought
face to face with some such facts as these:
A woman was asked if she could tell who com-
posed the Trinity? "Oh, yes," she could tell.
'" Well, who ?" She replied : " Mary, Martha and
Lazarus."
Another was asked if she could give the order
174 FIFTY YEARS IN AIVIOY.
of creation. With the same conhdence and in-
trepi<iity, she assured them that she coiihl. This>
is the wa}^ she did it. First day: Thou shalt
have no other Gods before Me; and so on to the
end of tlie Ten Commandments. But thera
were ten days in the order of her creation in-
stead of six.
A woman was once asked to tell the story of
Nebuchadnezzar. She started in and got on
finely until she came to the persons walking in
the furnace that the king had prepared. These
persons she designated as God, Jesus Christ,
and the third she had forgotten, but she guessed
it must be Jehovah.
Do you say these are extreme cases? Surely
these are, but the sorry fact is that there are
multitudes of these extreme cases. As Dr. Tal-
mage once wrote, we rewrite: "After our Chris-
tian friends at home have done their utmost to-
picture to themselves the mental darkness of
such extreme cases, I do not believe that the
picture they form in their minds is more than
adequate to represent the mental darkness of
the large majority of the women in our own
country churches when they first come under
the power of the Gosijel.'^
Besides all this, think of such mothers. What
of the children trained by such mothers? If
the destiny of a nation lay in the bosom of a
mother, what destiny are we compelled to have
in mind if these mothers are to be kept in ig-
noi'ance?
EDUCATIONAL WORK. 175
Such questions need no answer; that answer
is apjjarent to every thinking mind.
It has been the blessed work of Christian
•edncation, in these early years of its work, to
change the condition of some of the women in
China. It has raised them from these low
depths to which they have been plunged, and
crowned them with true womanhood, and place<i
them in that position where God intended them
to stand. It has made them useful— useful in
the whole home, in the whole community, and
the whole Church.
The use of the word Christian in connection
with education will disabuse any mind in re-
gard to our view of education. Anything less
than a Christian education is folly. Mere secu-
lar knowledge, mere knowledge, is vain and use-
less here. But what is brought to these be-
nighted minds along the channels of knowlerlge,
m', in other words, what true knowledge brings!
is the boon and the blessing of education to this
people.
II. Constructive.— The educational work has
another purpose and important end in view.
It looks to the construction of a native educated
ministry. It goes without saying that a native
ministry is absolutely essential to carry the Gos-
pel everywhere, and to establish churches in
every town, city and village of the Amoy Dis-
trict. But, above all things, an educated min-
istry is essential. How do we ever hope, then,
to construct such a ministry wdthout well-
17G FIFTY YEARS IN AMOY.
equipped and well-furnished educational insti-
tutions ?
Blind leaders of the blind would conduct them
all into the ditch.
China, boasting over her literary productions
and Confucian lore, is no place for an unedu-
cated ministry. Whatever the Chinaman may
be, he has no respect for ignorance, but a most
profound regard for intelligence.
Now, the sooner this educated ministry is
provided, so much the sooner aviII our forces
and our efforts in China be unnecessary.
These are the aims and purposes of our edu-
cational institutions at Amoy. And having
made these observations, we wall be able to
tnore intelligently review these institutions,
and Avhat has been done during these fifty years
in this department.
THE UNION THEOIjOGICAIi SEMINARY.
The training of young men for the ministry^
was considereil from the beginning of the Mis-
sion to be of the utmost importance. And just
so soon as possible a class of five or six young:
men was formed and instruction in the Bible
begun. Rooms were provided at first in th^
Mission House, in Amoy.
In 1866 the young institution moved over to
the island of Kolongsu, where the missionaries
had gone. In 1867 a})plication was made to
the Board for the sum of |300 to build a theo-
logical seminary on Kolongsu. In response,-
the sum of money was furnished, and (1869-'70).
Thomas De Witt, Theological Hall.
EDUCATIONAL WORK. J 77
the first theological seminary of the Amoj Mis-
Bion was completed and named "The Thomas
DeWitt Theological Hall." The hall Avas built
of brick, two stories, and about 30x40. It con-
tained one lecture room, which was also used as
a dining-room, eleven bedrooms an<l a kitchen.
Besides the missionaries, Ng Chek-teng was em-
ployed as an instructor.
In 1885 the two missions, viz.: the English
Presbyterian and the Reformed (Dutch)
Churches, united the theological departments
of their educational work. Previous to this each
mission had its own theological seminary. Under
the new arrangement, the English Presbyterian
Mission was to provide a theological seminary
building and the Reformed (Dutch) Cliurch Mis-
sion to provide the academy. This was done.
Until 1892 the theological seminary building
consisted of a purely Oriental Chinese house,
slightly changed and adapted for such a pur-
pose. But in this year a new and commo<lious
building has been erected by the English Pres-
byterian M,ission. It is built of brick and stuc-
coed cream color, with trimmings to match^
having two recitation rooms and thirty or thirty-
five single rooms for the students.
From this school of the prophets our present
ministry has gone forth. Besides these, many
of the native helpers and unordained evangelists
have spent one or two years under a special
course of training in the institution.
Each Mission has, in recent years at least,
appointed one from its respective body to the
178 FIFTY YEARS IN AMOY.
special work of giving instruction to the stu-
dents of the seminary. At present Rev. Wm.
McGregor, of the English Presbyterian Mission,
and Rev. J. G. Fagg, of the Reformed (Dutch)
Church Mission, hold these appointments.
Mr. Un Sain-goan, a promising young native
Christian, also assists in the instruction. Others
have shared in this important work. Here Dr.
Talmage taught, and left such an impression
upon the hearts of those who sat under his
instruction as time will never wear away. Here
he labored in all his aroused enthusiasm as he
sought to fit the young men for the responsi-
ble and sacred office of the ministry — jesi, and
to send them forth imbued with some of his
xeal and spirit to herald the messages of the
cross to their perishing brethren. One could
not sit long under his teaching without dis-
covering how his heart and soul were all aglow
with zeal and love for the messages of Divine
Truth he sought to impart — nor long before that
flame was kindling some responsive zeal or love
for the same Truth in his own heart. Such is
but a glimpse of the character of the teaching of
Dr. Talmage, and such teaching must leave an
imperishable impression.
Rev. Henry Thompson, Rev. John Watson
<E. P.), Rev. Daniel Rapalje and Rev. L. W.
Kip, D. D. (R. C), have also devoted not a
little of their time to instruction in this semi-
nary, and been no less zealous in this good
work of filling the ranks of the ministry in the
Amoy District.
EDUCATIONAL WORK. 171>
It is the purpose of those in charge to have
all the young men remain three years, and dur-
ing that time to pursue a thorough, unbroken
course in theological studies.
On account of the great lack of helpers in the
fields, whitening unto the harvest, such a course
up to the present has been impossible. After
a young man has been in the institution a year
an earnest appeal comes from some unoccu-
pied quarter for some young man to come and
"hold the fort," for a time, at least. In re-
sponse, the young man has to reluctantly break
out from his studies and go in answer to the
call. But he goes with the promise that as soon
as possible he will be allowed to come back and
finish his course. That is the way the young
men have to get their theological training in
Amoy. It is the aim of this institution to pro-
vide that educated native ministry mentioned
above. And it is only necessary to say that,
having two sucli men as Rev. William Mc-
Gregor and Rev. J. G. Fagg in charge, just
such work and just such results will be accom^
plished.
The course at present embraces the follow-
ing subjects: Old and New Testament Exegesis,
Churcli History, Systematic Theology, Genu-
ineness and Authenticity of the Scriptures and
Homiletics. Besides these studies, two Chinese
tutors are engaged to give instruction in Chinese
classics, ^'the art of polite address and composi-
tion according to Chinese standards." A
preaching hall, opened on the island of Ko-
ISO FIFTY YEARS IN AMOY.
longsii in 1892, affords the students a splendid
opportunity of gaining and developing facility
in addressing tlieir heathen brethren.
During the history of this institution upward
of 100 young men have been under 'instruction.
Upward of 70 have graduated, the majority of
whom have become evangelists. One-third or
more have become ordained pastors, and 17 still
occupy the sacred office to-day. To these and
those who follow in the main must be committed
the sacred trust of gathering in the heathen,
the organization and development of the native
churches of Amoy. May your prayers ever go
up in their behalf.
THE BOYS' ACADEMT.
The Theological Seminary, having vacated
the Thomas DeWitt Theological Hall, an addi-
tion of another two-story buihiing, quite as large
as the original building, was made (1885), and it
became the home of the Middle School or Acad-
emy of the two Missions, when for two years
or more it was un<ler the care of Eev. A. S.
Van Dyck. He then took charge of the Sio-
Khe District, when the school came under its
present regime. It was called the Middle School
because it was the school between the paro-
chial schools and the Theological Seminary.
There is still another name in Chinese at-
tached to it. The building at the time of its
erection was given the name of Sim-goan-tsai,
the meaning of which is: "Seeking the origin
of truth." This name still clings to it, and the
EDUCATIONAL WORK. 181
natives know it and speak of it as the Sim-goan-
tsai.
The superintendence of this work has been
largely placed under the control of the Re-
formed (Dutch) Church Mission. Hence, in the
year 1885 Rev. A. S. Van Dyck was appointed
by his mission to take special oversight of the
duties connected with the school. His super-
intendence continued until he voluntarily of-
fered to transfer his residence from Amoy to the
inland station of Sio-Khe, in order to take
charge of the work akeady grown to great im-
portance there.
In 1887 Rev. P. W. Pitcher was appointed to
take charge of the academy. Mr. Aug Khelv-
Chhiong, appointed to be the native assistant
in the academy, has proved an invaluable co-
laborer. Being chosen instructor of the Chi-
nese classics in 1885, lie has become closely
identified with tlie prosperity of the school.
Faithfulness, devotion and efficiency have char-
acterized his labor. His high Christian char-
acter has won the esteem and confidence both
of missionaries and pupils alike.
Rev. Wm. McGregor and Rev. Henry Thomp-
son (E. P.) and Rev. J. (>. Fagg (R. C.) have
also given their assistance in the special
branches of mathematics imd history. In this
connection it may be well to say that the school
at present needs a well-trained teacher, who can
devote his time to the higher branches of edu-
cation. Under the present regime only the com-
182 FIFTY YEARS IN AMOY.
Imon high school branches can be handled. Pro-
Tision should be made for both.
Unlike the theological department, this branch
of the educational work of the two missions has
alvvajs been united, and the school was first
quartered in a native house on the other side
of the island. That building was forthwith va-
cated, and the institution began a new period
of its existence under more favorable circum-
stances in its new quarters in 1885.
This building was occupied by the academy
imtil 1892, when, funds having been secured
from friends in America, principally through the
appeals of tlie missionary in charge, who was
providentially in America in 1891, a new prop-
erty was secured, and again the academy began
a new period in its history under still more favor-
able circumstances in its new quarters.
Of this property only a passing notice can be
given. We notice it at all only for the reason
that some day we triist this site will be adorned
by a well-equipped college.
The property comi)rises a piece of gi^ound 200
feet square, enclosed by a high brick wall. It
is situated in close proximity to the late Dr.
Talmage's residence and the other school build-
ings of our Mission. Being on a high elevation^
it commands on the one side a full view of the
harbo]', the adjacent island of Anioy and the
mainland beyond, and on the other the ocean
and the high ranges of mountains that skirt its
shores. At present there is only a dwelling-
house on the grounds, which is being used for
EDUCATIONAL WOEK. 183
the academy. A project is under way, and an
effort is being made (1893) to secure |4,000 to
erect a dorinilory and recitation hall imme-
diately south of the present building, which is
to be named in memory of Dr. J. V. N. Talmage
—'•The Talmage Memorial Hall." And surely
the man who spent forty-five years of his life
in connection witJi tlie Amoy Mission is worthy
of such a recognition.
It is the ijurpose of the school to give the lads
who come under its instruction a thorough edu-
cation, spiritual, mental and physical, and thus
to assist the seminary in the effort to provide
an educated ministry. During its history two
or three hundred boys have been under its im-
struction.
The -school has in late years had more schol-
ars than it could comfortably accommodate. In
180:^-'03 there were thirty boys, and in 1893-94
there are thirty-five boys in attendance.
The ultimate aim of the institutitm, as already
intimated, is a college, and when it becomes
such we trust it will accomplish its every aiuii.
It is unnecessary to trace the steps in devel-
opment, but merely notice the curriculum al-
ready provided. This will give some idea how
much of an advance has been made toward a
college, and Vv^here we stand to-day amongst
the educational institutions of China.
The course is divided into four years, and was
put into opeiation for the first time in 1890, an<l
all inytrm-tion is given through the Chinese
language.
184 FIFTV YEARS IN MIOY.
First Year. — Scripture: Acts to Revelations;
Genesis. Classics: Analects, Commentary, Vol.
I. Kok-liong (Ode. Subject: Customs, Alanners,
etc.) lu-hak-su-ti. (Subject: Ancient Chinese
History). Letter Writing: Composition (i. e.,
learning to use tlie CMnese characters). Arith-
metic, Decimals and Fractions. Geography:
Asia and Europe, complete. Historj^: China
begun. Astronom}-: Introduction. Catechism^
164 questions. Reading and writing the Amoy
Romanized Colloquial. Composition, Map Draw-
ing.
Second Year. — Scripture: Exodus to Judges.
Classics: Analects, Commentary, Vol. II. Tai-
sian-nga (Ode.. Subject: ^^ili;ues of Kings and
Princes). lu-hali-su-ti, Vol. II. Tso-toan, Vol.
I. (Subject: History of Early Feudalism). Tong-
si. Vol. I. (Ode, Subject: Nature). Composi-
tion. Arithmetic, finished. Geography: North
and South America, Africa. History: China.
Catechism, comi)lete. Reading and writing the
Amoy Romanized Colloquial. Composition.
Map Dr-awing.
Third Year. — Scripture: Samuel to Esther;
Psalms. Classics: Mencius, ♦Comiiientary. Siong-
su (Ode., Subject: Kingly Government). Si-
keng-siong (Ode., Subject: I'anegyrics). lu-liak-
su-ti, Vol. III. Tso-toan, Vol. II. Tong-si, VoL
II. Composition. Algebra, begun. Physiol-
ogy, complete. Physics. History: England,
France and Germany. Reading and writing the
Amoy Romanized Colloquial. Composition.
Drawing.
EDUCATIONAL WORK. 185
Fourth Year. — Scripture: Job; Proverbs to
Malachi. Classics: Mencius, Commentary. Tai-
hak (Great learning). lu-hak-su-ti, Vol. IV.
Tso-toan, Vols. HI. and [V. Tong-si, Vol. III.
Composition. Algebra, finished. Physics. His-
tory: America, Eussia, Spain. Reading and
writing the Anioy Romanized Colloquial. Com-
position. Drawing.
Since this curriculum has been in vogue a
further demand has been made by the native
Christians for the introduction of the study of
Mandarin (i. e., the court language) and English.
I'robably the first will be allowed imme<liately
and the latter in the near future.
It is expecte<l that these lads will, in a ma-
jority of cases, become ministers, and thus, after
the comjtletion of their course in this institution,
they will j»ass on into the theological seminary.
In 1891 SO per cent of the boys had the min-
istry in view, 10 per cent wei'e expecting to
become physicians. Avhile the other 10 per cent
were undecided. The boys are all members of
Christian families, and about two-thirds (1892)
aire members of the Church.
PAROCHIAL. SCHOOLS.
Each church and some of the out-stations have
a day school. These schools, of course, began
first, and then followed the Middle School. But
we have not followed any order in the treatment
of the e<iucational institutions, as we preferred
to give the larger institutions the more promi-
nent place. The day schools are nearly, if not
180 FIFTY YEARS IN AlVIOY.
quite, as old as the churches themselves, for
just as soon as a church was organized a day
school for the children was instituted.
The names of these day schools of our chuiehes
are Sin-Koe-a, Tek-chhiu-Kha, Chioh-be, Chiang-
chiu, Thian-po, Sio-Khe, Poa, Lam-sin, Te-soa^
Tong-an. These schools are all graded, and
the course is divided into six years.
Though we mention the parochial schools last
in order, yet they are by no means least in im-
portance. In the first place, they are feeders of
our academy, and in the second place, here is
the place where the ''good seed" is implanted
for the first time in the child's heart. What
the child is here, such is he or she apt to be in
the higher institutions. Here the seed is sown;
in the higher grades Ave hope to develop it and
watch its growth. Some of the heathen families
send tlieii* childi'en to these schools, and thus is
afforded an opportunity of reaching homes out-
side of the Churcli that is afforded in no other
^N-ay.
THE CHARLOTTE W. DURYEE SCHOOL.
When the Misses Talmage were home in
America in 1881 much of their time was spent
visiting the ladies of the different churches, giv-
ing information concerning "woman's work" in
Amoy, China. At that time, the attention of
the ladies of the Reformed (Dutch) Church was
directed by them to the great need of a lady
physician, and a building for teaching the
women, in order to carry on the work more sue-
EDUCATIONAL WOEK. 187
cesgfully and advantageously than could be ac-
complished b}^ house-to-house visitation in the
Amoy District.
Among the ladies whose heart and soul gave a
glad response to these appeals was Mrs. Char-
lotte Duryee, Foreign Corresponding Secretary
of the Woman's Board of Foreign Missions
(1877-'85). She became especially interested in
the woman's school, and became an enthusiastic
advocate for that institution. Mrs. Talmagei
also met the Executive Committee of the
Woman's lioard and placed the matter l>efore
tkem to consider.
In due time sufficient funds were provided to
build the school, and the building was com-
pleted in 1884.
About the time of its completion word was
received at Amoy of the death of Mrs. Duryee.
Mrs. Talmage wrote home immediately to the
ladies in America, proposing that the school be
named in memory of Mrs. Duryee. The proposi-
tion met with the hearty approval of all, and
hence it received the name: ''The Charlotte W.
Duryee School for Women."
Work among the women of Amoy wias com-
menced by Mrs. Doty, and has been carried on
to the present day with untiring devotion by
the ladies of the Mission.
There is a record of a meeting for Avomen on
December IGth, 1845, and another record of
Mrs. Doty having a regular class of women
under her instruction in 1849. Ever since those
days Mrs. Talmage, Mrs. Kip and the other
188 FIFT\' YEARS IN AMOY.
ladies connecled with the Mission have devoted
their time to this Avork, of which the Kef ormed
(Dutch) Church may well feel proud. No too
high praise can ever be sounded, either of the
workers or of the Avork.
With the completion of the buildings, this
work entered upon a Avider fiehl of usefulness.
It is a school for women of the Church ranging
from 25 to 50 year of age (and some even
older), and its object is to teach them to read the
Bible, and to make them useful in the Church
and their homes. The institution has been
greatly favored in being able to retain for so
many years the efficient services of (Mrs.) Bi-
So, and the hope is that many j^ears more may
be added to her, and that all of them may be
devoted to this work.
"Many of these women live long distances
from any place of w^orship. Even though they
walk the long distances, they are so ignorant,
they understand but little of what is said by
the preacher j and, on the whole, have but little
opportunity of making any advancement in
spiritual truth. Some of tiiese women have
entered the women's school more ignorant than
one can well imagine, but after a few months
have gone liome not only able to read the Bible
in the Amoy Romanized Colloquial, but also
wonderfully brightened up in many ways, espe-
cially in their kno\\'ledge of the Bible. Some of
them have become very useful Bible women.
Since the school opened nearly 200 women have
Ml "W^ ^
Girls School, Kolongsu.
EDUCATIONAL WOEK. 181>
studied in it, almost all of whom have learned
to read." (Miss M. E. Talmage's Report.)
THE GIRLS' BOAHDING SCHOOL.
There are two schools for girls in the Amoy
District connected with the Reformed (Dutch)
Church Mission, one located at Amoy and the
other at Sio-Khe. The one at Amoy is under
the supervision of the Misses Talmage, and the
one at Sio-Khe under the supervision of Miss
Nellie Zwemer and Mrs. Kip.
The school at Amoy may be said to have be«
gun in the Tek-chhiu-Kha, or Second, Church
of Amoy (about 1869), where Mrs. Talmage and
Mrs. J. A. Davis would gather all the girls they
could get and teach them to read, write and
cipher. Encouraged by the success of their
efforts, it was decided to organize a ''boarding
school,'- where the girls of all the cliurches, both
in the country as well as in the city, might
come and receive an education. Hence this
boarding school was opened in a building ad-
joining the Tek-Chhiu-Kha Church. (This buihl-
ing was the home at one time of the nnssion-
aries. To-day it is serving the purpose of a
hospital and pastor's home.)
The first native teacher employed was an old
man named Hap Liong peh, and a matron, also^
was employed to care for the girls. The first
female teacher was Mrs. Lo (widow of pastor Lo).
Mrs. Talmage had charge oi the school till 1872.
While Miss Van Doren was permitted to labor
in Amov she had the care of the school. After
190 FIFTY YEARS IN AMOY.
she left it came under tlie direction of Miss M.
E. Talmage, under whose charge it has been
ever since, excepting when on furlough. At
present there are two Chinese female teachers,
viz.: Mrs. Sia and Chhiu Che, who are matrons
also. Under all these administrations it has
been a most successful school, <ioing the same
good worjv among the young girls — girls from
eight to eighteen years of age — as the woman's
school is (L'ing among the older women.
About the year 1878 the present building, lo-
cated on Kolongsu Island, was erected, and the
girls were transferred from their old quarters
to these new an;l more commodious ones.
The institution is giving these girls an educa-
tion— something that the Chinese do not give
their girls. But, better than all, it is giving
them a Christian education. It is also engaged
in another good work in its endeavor to break
up that cruel and horrible custom of foot-bind-
ing. Every child who enters here must come
with her feet unbound, and with a promise from
her parents that they will not be bound, and
consequently the fifty girls in attendanco have
natural feet.
"Since the establishment of this institution
many girls have passed through it who are now
scattered through the country congregations.
"They are the great joy of our work and the
bright hope of the future. Some of them have
become teachers, many of them preachers' wives,
an;i nearly all made public profession of their
love for the Saviour. The school is crowded
Children's Home (on the left). Koi.r^NGsu.
Charlotte W. Duryee's Woman's School,
EDUCATIONAL WORK. 191
at present (1892), having fifty girls on the roll.
The training of these Ave feel to be the most im-
portant work, deserving all the time and eare
we are capable of giving." (Miss M. E. Tal-
mage's Report.)
The sister institution at Sio-Khe was organ^
ized by Mrs. Van Dyck in 1888-'89, and it is
doing the same good work in Bio-Khe. The
workers there have had their hearts made glad
by the news that has just been received (1893)
of funds to be given by the Woman's Board for
the erection of a new school building for the
girls.
THE CHILDUEN'S HOME (OUPHAISTAGE).
This institution, founded and supported by
the ladies of the English Presbyterian and Re-
forme<l (Dutch) churches in 1887, has for its
object the rescue of female children from slavery
and death.
The name in Chinese clearly defines its object,
viz.: "Merc}^ Upon the Chihlren (or, ^l*ity the
Child') Institution." So much suffering among
the childi^en and so many cases of absolute want
were brought to the notice of the ladies that
they felt something ought to be done in behalf
of these children, and thus originated the idea
of starting the home.
Since tlie time of its opening, fifty-four chil-
dren have been talien under its fostering care.
Some of these children (and they are only babes)
were saved from their cruel and inhuman moth-
ers, who were preparing to drown them or sell
192 FIFTY YEARS IN AJMOY.
them. Of these fifty-four, some have died and
some have been adopted b}' Christian families.
At present there are thirty-four chihlren under
the care of the home. Three Chinese ladies, viz. :
Thiap-a, Put-Chiu and Pek-Soat, look after the
little ones in the home.
Thus we see the grand v^^ork that is contem-
plated in rescuing the females of the Amoy
District. Provision is made for all classes,
the women, the girls, and the "little tots." God
bless these efforts.
WOMAN'S WORK.
This department must not close wdthout a few
lines regarding woman's work. '^ Woman's work
is never done" in Amoy, for when the school
duties are over there is some lonely and be-
nighted soul to be visite<l in the hospital an<l
told the story of redeeming love. And these
patients are always glad to have a visit from
these ladies. Then the little ones in the Chil-
dren's Home must be looked after, church mem-
bers and heathen families must be visited, and
occasionally arranging for marriages, and prep-
aration for their daily school work besides. This
is a sample of the lady missionaries' daily life
at Amoy. But their work is not confined to
Amoy City. That work branches out into the
country around for sixty milerj and more. This
work of visiting the out-stations was begun by
the Misses Talmage', and the other ladies have
followed their noble example and have done
and are doing a blessed work.
ED LI CATION AL WORK. 193
It involves much bodily discomfort and loneli-
ness. "It means starting with a basket of food
and a bundle of bedding and books (an orthodox
load for a Obinaman to sling across his shoulders
on each end of a pole), to be gone, per-
haps, over a Sunday, i)erhaps for four or five
weeks, itineratiug auiongst the out-stations (liv-
ing in chapels! for the purpose of visiting and
holding meetings with the women." These
ladies usually go two-by-two, but sometimes
alone, yet in tins heathen land they go mth per-
fect safetv and without molestation.
THE PRESS.
Not the least important event of these fifty
years was the construction of the Amoy Roman-
ized Colloquial, ^^hich, in fact, was nothing less
than a new written language.
The Chinese written language is composed en-
tireh^ of arbitrary characters, or symbols, about
thirty or forty thousand of them. Each one of
these symbols represents a word. Consequently
there is no alphabet. To acquire a knowledge
of these symbols, so as to be able to read Chi-
nese literature, requires years, frequently a life-
time of patience and toil, besides a deal of lung
power (for they always shout at the top of their
voices when they study).
One can readily understand how difficult the
acquisition of such a written language must be,
how few do acquire it, and how millions in the
great Empire of China are de})rived of the bone-
194 FIFTY YEARS IN AMOY.
fit and information containe<l in their books and
other literature.
Realizing- the terrible ignorance of the native
Christians, and realizing the ntter hopelessness
of ever being able to improve their sad condi-
tion in this res])ect by means of the old, the very
literary method, the missionaries of the Re-
formed (Dntch) Church (in the year 1852 or
1853) devised a new system of writing tlie Amoy
Colloquial by using Roman letters. Choosing
eighteen of these letters, and by aspirating some
of them, an alphabet of twenty-three letters was
completed. AVith this alphabet an<l Avith tonal
and nasal signs a complete transformation of the
language from the dead arbitrary symbols to the
living and mnch more comprehensive, simple
and intelligible style was made, thus nuildng it
possible for every man, woman and chUd to read.
This style of writing has been one of the bless-
ings, among the many others, that has come to
the people of Amoy during this half century.
Yet this conservative people have l:)eeii slow in
appreciating it. It was not literary enough. It
was too much like child-Avork to sit down and
read that kind of A^'riting. Some wei^ actnally
ashamed to be seen reading it. Some despised
it simply because it Avas too foreign. And so,
rather than learn to read the Romanized Col-
loquial (they could not read the symbols) they
would not read at all. China moves sIoav — but
she moves. Hoav fast none can tell. They do
not jump at a new thing in a hurry. There are
no frog-like movements in the Chinese Avay of
EDUCATIONAL WORK. 195
doing things. AVhen tliey jump they know where
they will land, and when landed they generally
stay landed. Though they did not appreciate
this new style oT writing at first, they do appre-
ciate it to-day more than they did thirty years
a^o, and will appreciate it more and more every
year they employ it.
They have cause to. The proof of the pudding
is in the eating thereof. The Chinese have
found it to be so in this case. It has made it
possible for them to be a respectably intelligent
people, without which they would liave been as
dumb as gate-posts.
It has brought light and knowledge to thou-
sands of homes that never would liave had either
without it. It has not only made it possible for
old and young alike in that disti'ict to read and
write, but has <lone more toward the spiritual
enlightenment of that people in these few years
than whole centuries of the old method could or
can hope to accomplish.
It requires, as has been intimated, almost a
life-time to acquii'e the old method, while in two
months (or even less) one may acqiiii'e this-
method.
We laiow not how many readers have been;
made by this system, but we are confident that
where there were ten thirty-five years ago, there
are a hundred to-day; and where there was one
who could not read a line of their own language,
there are ten who can read intelligently and
with profit to-day. A ten-fold increase, yet we
196 FIFTV \1EARS IX AMOV.
deem tiiis not an unfair estimate. It may be too
low an estimate.
Thirty -five or forty years ago tliere was not a
line printed in this new style, while to-day there
ai'e about fifty different works, besides the Old
and Kew Testaments published in the Amoy
Romanized Colloquial. In addition to these,
mention must be made of a monthly church
paper, called the "Church Messenger," issue<l in
this style.
Bom in the Reformed (Dutch) Church Mis-
sion, her missionaries have ever taken a deep
interest in its success. At first the books,
tracts, etc., were printed from blocks, but in
ISCM-TiS movable type was introduced, and
Rev. Howard Van Doren superintended the
press. Thus a, majority of the books is-
fened have been issued by the members
of this Mission, viz.: Sacramental forms of the
Reformed (Dutch) Church (1853), Anglo-Chi-
nese Manual of the Amoy District (1853), Mil-
ner's Thirteen A^illage Sermons, including Mil-
ner's Tract: ^'The Straight Gate," by Rev. Elihn
Doty; "Pilgrims' Progress" (1853), Holy Scrip-
tures (13 books!, Book of Forms, Heidelberg Cate-
chism, Sacred History, Dictionary Amoy Ro-
manized Colloquial, Hynms, Arithmetic, Stories
by Rev. J. V. X. Talmage, D. D. (It is also diLe
to Dr. Talmage to record here that the ''Church
Messenger" owes its origin to him. He began
it, and until the end labored unceasingly for
its success, both mth his pen and with his
counsel.) Sacred History, Vols. II., IV.; '^Jes-
EDUCATIONAL WOEK. 197
sica's First Prayer'' (1886), ''Robert Annam"
(1890), by Mrs. J. Y. N. Talniage; Sacred His-
tory, Vols. I., m. ; Sunday-school Texts (annual),
Child's Story-book, "Golden Bells," ''How Satan
Tempts," by Miss Talmage; "Pilgrims' Prog-
ress," Heidelberg Catechism (revised, 1891)), by
Rev. D. Rapalje; Church Psalter (1892), Holy
Scripture (part). Map of the Amoy District,
showing roads, rivers and places (new, 1892),
by Rev. L. W. Kip, D. D.; a Course in Astron-
omy, a Course in Physiology, On the Proper
Training of cliildren (1892), by Mrs. L. W. Kip;
Geography of Europe (1888), Geography of
North America (1890), Geogi'aphy of South
America (1891), Chinese History (first six dynas-
ties, 1892), by Rev. P. W. Pitcher; Life of St
Paul (1891), "Aesop's Fables" (1891), by Rev.
J. G. Fagg.
APPENDIX
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202 FIFTV YEARS IN MIOY.
GROWTH OF MISSION WORK IN CHINA.
la 1842 there were 6 Communicants.
In 1853 there were 350 Communicants.
In 1863 there were 2,000 Communicants.
In 187B there were 13,035 Communicants.
In 1886 tliere were 28,000 Communicants.
In 1889 there were 37,287 Communicant-s.
APPENDIX B.
THE PERSONNEL AND TABULAR STATEMENT OF THE
AMOY MISSION IN 1857.
MISSIONARIES.
Eev. Eliliu Doty, Eev. J. S. Joralman,
Eev. J. V. N. Talmage, Mre. J. S. Joralman.
Mrs. Abby F. (Woodruff)
Talmage,
Ohurch Organizations, 1. Theological Class, 1.
Churcli Communicants, 17 2. Parochial Schools, 2.
Church Catecliists, 5. Out-stations (Chioh-be), 1.
Places of Worship, 2. Membership of Chioh-be, 35.
APPENDIX C.
THE PEPvSONNEL AND TABULAR STATEMENT OF THE
AMOY MISSION ON ITS JUBILEE ANNIVER-
SARY, FEBRUARY 2iTH, 1892.
MISSIONARIES.
Rev. J. V. N. Talmage, D.D.,Rev. P. W. Pitcher,
Rev. Daniel Rapalje, Rev. J. G. Fagg,
Rev. [i. W. Kip, D.D., Or. J. A. Otto (Medical).
Eev. A. S. Van Dyck,
ASSISTANT MISSIONARIES.
Mrs. J. V. N. Talmage, Mrs. A. S. Van Dyck,
Mrs. L. W. ICip, ;\lrs. J. A. Otte,
Miss M. E. Talmage, Mrs. J. T. Fagg,
Mrs. D. Rapalje, Af'ss E. M. Cappon,
Miss K. M. Talmage, Miss Nellie Zwemer,
Mrs. P. W. Pitcher, Miss M. C. Morrison.
NATIVE PASTORS.
Rev. Ng Ho-Seng, u'ev. Li Ki-che,
Eev. Ti Peng-teng, Eev. lu Ho-sui,
Rev. lap Han-Chiong, Eev. lljong Lu-li,
Rev. Chhoa Thian-Ivliit, Eev. lam Clii-seng.
Rev. Lim Khiok,
APPENDIX.
203
Church Organizations, 9. Schools : TJioological, 1 ;
Native Pastors (ordained), I). Academy, 1; Woman's,
Church Members, 9 68. 1; Girls', 2; Parochml,
Native Helpers (unord.), 16. 11.
Regular Preach'g Places, 23. Hospital, 1.
Theological Students, 9. luvesited in property, about
Schools : Theological, 1 ; $.50,000.
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(a) Composed of two congregations; Kaner-taii and Kio-t;iii.
(b) Composed of two congregations ; Te-soa and Ang-tung-tau,
and one out-station, Te-tau.
(c) Has one out-station ; Chhoa-poa.
(d) Has two out-stations ; Poa-tau-chki and Ko-soa.
(e) Has six out-stations ; Lam-sin, Poa-a, Toa-Khe, Soa-pl,
E-ch8 and Toa-lo-teng.
it) Has two out-stations ; Soa-sia, Lieng-soa.
IN13EX.
Arrival of Kobt. Morrison in
Chiua, 22.
Ai-rival of David Abeel, t>2-
65.
Abeel, llome of, on Kolong-
su, 58.
Amoy Inland, Population of,
25.
Amoy City, Latitude of, 26.
Anioy ( Uty, J3istauces from,
26.
Amoy, Clinuite, 2 6.
Amoy City, Population of,
27.
Amoy City, IJesr-ription of,
28.
Amoy City, Commercial Im-
portance, 29.
Amoy Captured by British,
33.
Amoy District , 2 5-3 3 .
Amoy ]\Iis:<iou, Condition of,
1857.
Amoy Mission, Condition of,
J892, 97.
Amoy Mission, Founding of,
58.
Amoy Mission, Statistics,
12, 127, 132.
Amoy People, Characteris-
tics of, etc., 35-37.
Amoy PastoTs, Names of,
99.
Adria.nee, Miss Caroline E.,
82, 84-86.
Anti-Missionary Movement,
151.
Benevolence of Churches,
127-132.
BlauA^elt, Rev. A., 8 6.
Kisliop Boone, 58, 59.
Blauveit, Mrs. Jennie (Za-
briskie), 86.
Board Foreign JNIissions Or-
ganized, 17, 19.
I^ilile, First Translated Into
Chinese, 22.
Bible Class Organized, 101,
Boys' Academy, 180, 182-
185.
(Chinese Repository, Found-
ing of, 23.
Chinese, Charact«n of, 14,
34.
liinese P'avor Foreigners,
48.
I'hinese Suspicious of For-
eigners, 49.
Church of Christ in China,
History of its Organiza-
tion, 92.
Jhurch Organization at
Amoy, 96.
Cldoh-be Church, 99, 110.
Christians, Persecution of,
23.
Conversion of Mrs. Lee,
115.
Chiang-Chiu Churcii, 100,
119.
INDEX.
Cummings, Dr. C. loi. 162
Comparative luereaso of
Communicants in Amoy,
127.
Comparative Increase Com-
municants of Cliina, 15.
Ciiina Closed to Foreign-
ers, 47-
Classis Organized at Amov,
96.
Churches, Names of, 99.
Gappfon, Miss E. M., 89.
Converts, The First in
China, 22.
Converts, The
Amoy, 102.
Chha-thau-po,
Children's Home,
Death of Kobt.
23.
Death of David Abeel, 64.
Dedication of First Church,
104.
Fir.<t
191.
Morrison,
of, 10.^.
Against
C.
For
Description
Doors Closed
eigners, 47.
Davis, Mrs. Emma
(Wyckoff), 88.
Davis, Rev. J. A., 88.
koff), 88.
Doty, Rev. Eiihu, 61, 65-7 0.
Difficulties of Conveying
Gospel, 173.
Douglas Memorial, 45.
Explanation of Church
Names, 99.
Evangelist, The First in
Amoy, 106.
Episcopal Church in Amoy,
92.
Educational Work, 168.
Evangelists, Unordained,
126.
First Church in Amoy, 94-
101.
Amoy,
■iisr Church iu
Building, 104.
/irst Foreign Missionary
Organization iu the Re-
formed (Dutch I Church,
17.
First Convert in Cliina. 2 2.
First Convert in Amoy. 102.
i^'ailure of Lord Napier's
Mission, 51.
First Convert Baptized, 22,
102.
Fagg, Rev. J. G., 89. 178.
Fagg, Mrs. M. (Gillespie),
89.
First Rooms Rent<xl in
Hepburn, Dr. J. C, 162.
pie, 39.
lloines of tlie Amoy Peo-
Ifakka Mission, 132.
165.
Hospital at Sio-Khe, 125,
Hong San Church, 99, 114.
Khe, 123.
(Gospel First Brouglit to Sio-
Amoy, 104.
First Property Bought in
Amoj-, 101.
Joralman, Itev. J. S., 79-80.
J oral man, Mrs. Martha B.
(Condit), 79-80.
Jubilee of the Amoy Mis-
sion, 10.
Kolongsu Island, 44.
Kolongsu Missionaiy Resi-
dences,
Kolongsu Foreign Resi-
dences, 45.
Kolongsu Educational In-
stitutions, 177.
Kjp, Rev. L. W., D.D.,
86, 178.
Kip, Mrs. Helen (Culbert-
son), 86.
King, Miss V. May, 89, 164.
206
FIFTY YEARS IN AMOY.
Loudon Mission Society, 92.
Loyd, Rev. Jolin, 92.
Mission at Anioy Tudor
A. B. C. F. M.,
-Missions in Oliina, History
Morrison, Miss M. C, 89.
Martyr, The First, 106.
102.
Montlily Concert, Ciiinese,
at Amoy, 92.
Missions, Kepresentatives
Agencies, 90.
Missions, Methods and
tant, 22.
Missions in ( liina, Frotes-
of Kome, 21.
Missions in China, Cliurch
of, 21.
Macleisli, Dr. A. L., 163.
Medical Worls 161.
Students, 167.
New Testament, First in
China, 22.
Nine Cluirehes, Names of
99.
Native Pastors,
Organization of Indepen-
dent Board l^'oreign Mis-
sions in Reformed (Dutch)
Church, 18.
Officers and Members of
Board Foreign Missions
Reformed (Dutch) Church
in 1857, 18.
Officers and Members of
Board Foreign Missions
Reformed (Dutch) Church
in 1892, 19.
Ostrom, Rev. A., 80-Sl.
Ostrom, Mrs. Susa.n (Web-
ster), 80-81.
Opium War, History, 50-55.
Opium War, Origin, 54.
Opium Trade, 52.
Opium, Attempts Made to
Legalize It, 52.
Opium, Opposition of Gov-
ernment Against It, 52.
Opium Destroyed, 54.
O-Kang Church, 99, 1]3.
Otte, J. A., 89, 164.
Otte, Mrs. Francis (Phelps
89.
Press, The, 193.
Parochial Schools, 185.
Pohlman, Rev. W. J., 61,
70-74.
Pdlilman, Mrs. Theodosia K.
(Scudder), 70-74.
Ports Opened, 47, 56-57.
Persecution of Christians,
23.
Product of Amoy, 41.
Pitcher, Rev P. W., 99, 181.
Pitcher, Mrs. Anna F.
(Merritt), 89.
Presbyterian (American) at
Amoy, 92.
Presbyterian (English) at
Amoy, 92.
Roman Merchants in China,
48.
Kapalje, Rev. Daniel, 80,
178.
Kapalje, Mrs. Alice (Os-
trom), 80.
Keb<-llion, J lie Tai-peng,
134.
School, Charlotte W. Dur-
yee, 186.
Suspicion of Ciiinese
Aroused, 49.
School, Girls' Board'g, 188.
Statistics of Amoy Mis-
sion, 12.
>i()-Klie Churcli, 100, 123.
Sin-koe-a, 27.
Second Chnrch of Amoy,.
109.
INDEX
Talmage, Eev. J. V. N., 74
20T
TaJmage, Miss Mary E., 88.
Talmage, Eev. David ISl.,
88.
Talmage, Miss Catlierine
M., 88.
Tong-an Church, 100, 121.
Thian-Saii Church, 100,
126.
Tek-chhiu-kha,
Union of Presbyterian
Order at Amoy,
Union Theological Semi-
nary, 17 6.
Van Doren, Kev. H., 87.
V'a.ii Doren, Mi^ Helen, 87-
88.
Van Dyck, Kev. A. S., 89,
181.
van Dyck, Mrs. Alice (Kip),
89.
Watking, Kev. J. E., 81.
Woman's Work, 192.
Woman's ^Meeting Orgaix
ized,
Vouug, Dr. James, 162.
Zwemer, JNliss Nellie, 89.
i^»MfM^ltSfl»^
BW8369 .A5P6
Fifty years in Amoy, or, A history of
Princeton Theological Seminary-Speer Library
1 1012 00040 1879