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L I E> R.ARY
OF THE
U N 1 VLR5 ITY
Of ILLINOIS
THE FINANCIAL, NUMERICAL,
General E
ENERAL Experience
FREE
AND
UNAPPROPRIATED
CHURCHES
London Free and Open Church Association,
25, norfolk street, strand, w.c.
1869.
gm Mil mmmm\nhtd §\m(W
AND
THE inquiry is frequently made for practical proof that —
Mrsf, Free and Unappropriated Churches can be made self-
supporting by means of the Weekly Offertory; and,
Second/y, that Churches once rented, or appropriated, but
now Free and unappropriated, produce as large, or a larger,
revenue under the new system, when compared with the former.
It was felt by the Chester Diocesan Open Church Association
that some particulars of the working of these two descriptions ot
churches might be published with great public advantage,
Circulars were accordingly issued to a number of the Clergy
throughout the country, requesting them kindly to fill up a form,
which was enclosed, and to supply any other facts* and figures
connected with the subject which might be deemed useful.
The questions asked were: —
Name of Church.
Has it been always Free and Unappropriated ?
If not, when did it become so ?
Was the Offertory introduced at the same time ?
How often collected from the whole congregation ?
Revenue from Pew rents and Collections (average of three years.
Revenue from Offertory (if possible, average of three years).
Number of Population, stating whether rich, poor, or mixed.
Church accommodation. »
Average attendance before the change.
Average attendance since the chmgc.
The request was also made for any opinion which could be
given as to the folloAving points, on which the experience of
others is often desired : —
Is the Offertory system acceptable to the people ?
The best means of educating the people concerning it.
The expediency of an Offertory at every sei-vice.
The most desirable medium of collection — by boxes, plates,
or bags ?
Fixed boxes at the doors for occasional offerings, and are
they affected by the Offertory either way ?
How does the change affect special collections ?
The evidence given in the returns has been both interesting
and valuable. Being too voluminous for publication as a whole,
a digest is here presented, in which a number of churches,
variously situated in town and country, are included. It is pub-
lished with the earnest hope that the information it contains will
not only possess an interest in itself, but also afford encourage-
ment to proceed in the great missionary work of throwing open
our National Churches to the free and unobstructed use of the
people.
The Chester Diocesan Open Church
Association,
By Order of the Council.
Liverpool, 1869.
(u.uc
ixn m& %mwvv^KiiiiU& mmx(%«$.
FINANCIAL RESULTS.
Benefice [Town].
Under Pew Rents or
Appropriation.
From Offertory,
when Free and Unappro-
priated.
Bath. S^. John Baptist,
1865 ;^388 19
Bathwick
-
1866 337 19
1867 386 15
Bradford. St. Jiide
Undei
Pew Rent ;^i 75
1 £aoo
>>
Approprtn. 215
Bnxton. St. John
^350
1866 ;^595
1867 708
1868 820
Cheadle Hulme
%
1865 ;^l66
All Saints
1866 199
1867 223
Dublin. All Saints
^100
(I)
Grangegorman
,, ,5'/. Bartholojnew
^10 per week
(2)
Dewsbury, Parish Church
. £z^
^500
Ealing, Perivale.....
£6
^30
Used in Iron Chi
Filey
n-ch,
(unendowed),
with
much success.
Halifax. All Souls
;^436 8 5
(3)
Hitchin. Holy Saviour . . .
;^i6o,' besides usual
subscriptions
(4)
(i) Population about 1,000 Church people. No rich.
(2) Population about i,loo. Rich, except servants.
(3) Before the Church wa:; consecrated, its promoters advocated pew rents,
and a scale of rents was settled and published in the parish. Had every seat
been let, and all the rents paid, the income from this source could only have
amounted to ,^60 per annum. They were persuaded to tiy the offertoiy for one
year. The result was such that no one proposed to go back to the plan which
had at first been contemplated. The pew rents had been put at the highest
which it was supposed the congregation would be able to pay.
(4) Population 1,200; wholly poor. (No resident landowner. Two farmers,
one solicitor, one gentleman, agriculturists, and railway sen^ants). Vicar en-
titled by consecration deed to let 200 seats. Supposing every one of those seats
let at los., which is the utmost which could be obtained here, there would be
an income of ;^ 1 00 a-year only; but the people are too poor to hire seats
even at los.
FINANCIAL RESULTS.— CONTINUED.
Benefice [Town].
Harden, Bingley, York
King's Lynn, Norfolk
Kirkheaton, Northumber-
land
Kirkley, Suffolk
Leeds. Parith Church...
,, Sf. Barnabas ...
Liverpook Christ Ch.
,, St. yames the
Less
London. St. Barnabas.
Pimlico
St. Savio2ir''s..,
Highbury
St. James the Less
Westminster
St. Cohimba
Haggerstone
(Temporary Ch. )
St. Paul. Bow
Corhmon
Under Pew Rents ok
Appropriation.
From Offertry,
WHEN Free and Unappro-
priated.
[867 — 12 monthly £i^
[868—52 weekly £A^
A few pence on Sac
mental Sundays,
times in year
1861 ^21
Jacra- 1
, four >
^30
'100
^20
When free i st y r. ^ 1 02
2nd.,
» 3i"d „
„ 4tli „
„ 5th „
„ 6th „
1868:^1,150
;^8o
^250
1865 ;^284
1866 360
1867 555
1868 620
1866 ,^1215
1867 1544
1868 1686
;^50O
97
148
164
197
239
[7 2
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
1868
1859^142
i860... 144
1861...180
1862... 181
1 863... 240
^490
:867 £2,OA (10)
374
1864 ^354
1865. ..AIO
1866.. .376
1867...373
(5) The result for ten months was a clear addition of ;i^275 to our resources^
this amount being raised by the offertory, and the subscription list being some^
what larger than the preceding year.
(6) Offertory suspended four Sundays.
(7) Four £<f notes, 93 sovereigns, 67 half-sovs. , 4 crown pieces, 569 half.-
crowns, 605 florins, 5,824 shillings, 10,001 sixpences, 3,475 fourpenny pieces,
1 1, 8i 6 threepenny pieces, ;^I24 17s. icd. in copper.
(8) The district much poorer than in pew-rent period.
(9) Church accommodation, 250.
(10) Church accommodation, 200. Population almost exclusively poor or of
smaller class of tradespeople.
FINANCIAL RESULTS.— CONTINUED.
Benefice [Town].
Under Pew Rents or
Appropriation.
From Offertory,
WHEN Free and Unappro-
priated.
Londor
1. St. Mary
Plaistow
^90
;^I50
>>
St. Mary Magdlne.
Munster-sq.
^600
,,
St. Mary Magdlne
On Christmas Day^
Paddington
1868 :^700
>>
St. Cyprian,,.
1st year ... ;^77o(ii>
Marylebone
2nd year ,, over 900
St. Peter
£ao
Rose immediately
to £100
Windmill-st.
St. Peter
1866 ... £zoz ■
1867 1^340, includinr^
>>
Vauxhall
sped, donatn. of ^48
1868 ... ;^280
>>
St. Philip's
Clerkenwell
Small
1868 ... ;^42I
5J
St. Matthew
1st year ^570
Upr. Clapton
2nd ,, 720
Manchester. Sf. Albati
1866 ^^915
•
1867 845
1868 1,138
Nottingham. St. Mary
£6oo
about ,^800
Owston
, Doncaster
£io to ^24
1867 ^57 (12)
1868 60
Scarboi
ough. -5"/, Martin
1866 ^830
1867 872
1868 818
Sheffield. St. ';}ude
^30
^252
St. Ives
;^35
£(>9 .
;^85
;^i89
Tarporley
Wrexham. Parish Ch...
Small
/250
York.
All Saints'
in
€273
(11) Collection four times on Sundays and Saint-days; every morning at tl.e
celebration ; Friday and Satu-rday evensong. Church accommodation, 180.
(12) The special collections have considerably increased.
ivte mA mMV}i}ttaijftiaU& ©tourtto*!
NUMERICAL RESULTS.
Church Attendance.
Population. room. Before Change. After Change.
Alton, Staffordshire... i,6oo 500 90 130
Bradford. St. Jiide Mixed— 750 Doubld: full,&oftn
chfly mill densely packed in
hands evening.
Buxton. St.joh7t»„ 1,875 Ij200 Sum., full Summer full.
Winter 400 Winter... 800
Caistoi-. SS. Felgr &" 2,l4i 368 200 300
Paul
Ealing. Perivale 30 60 20 40
(>ateshead. Whick Increased three" or
ham four fold.
Gainsborough, Spring- 300 130 20 no
thorpe
Uitchin. II. Savmir 1,200 400 Usually full ; often
overflowing.
Hull. Bilton Decidedly increased
at all services.
Jarrow. St. Paul ... 20,000 600 150 400 to 500
Kirkheaton, North- 160 70 5 or 6 45
umberland
Kirkley, Suffolk. 12,000 230 to Full in fine Now always full.
250 weather
Leeds. St. Barnabas Greatly increased.
Liverpool. Christ Ch 7,750 1,000 Under 100 200 to 400
London. All Saints' 5,000 1,500 100 400
Lambeth
,, St. Peter 5,200 760 250 7x0
Windmill-st.
., St. Philip 10,000 600 Small 600 (i)
Clcrkenwell Ground flr.
(i.) The first church in London to adopt the free and open system. Was
re-opened in Jan. 1859, and the congregation and communicants began greatly
to increase. Present average number of communicants per week 78.
NUMERICAL RESULTS.— continued.
Population.
Church
room.
Attendance.
Before Change. After Change.
London. St. Mary
Plaistow
2,500
500
Mom. 100
Eve. ... 150
Morning 200
Evening 350
Xantwich
Mom. about 50
Even. ,, 90
Mom. 400. (i)
Even. 800.
Nottingm. St. Mary
6,000
1,200
Doubled.
Owston, Doncaster...
454
260
Earless than
at present.
100
Sutton-on-Plym
6,125
450
150
300
Stony Stratford
2,300
700
400
Generally full. (2)
St. Ives
5,087 .
700
Mom. 150
Even, fairly
filled
Morn. 300 to 400
Even. Church and a
New Chapel filled
Sheffield. St. Jude...
950
50
Morning 350
Evening 700
Tarporley. St. Helen
A great increase.
Westbourne, Sussex
Partial
Communi-
cants 700
Crowded.
Comnts. 1866, 1,267
„ 1867, 1,313
S „ 1868, 903
( 6 months
Westminster. St.Jas.
the Less
4,000
550
Almost always
full (3)
V\ ellington
8,000
1,200
Small.
1,000 {4)
Wrexham
10.000
1200
Soo
1,000 at night.
Parish Church
"Whitchurch
York. All Saints 1,417
Warthill 220
492
150
Free evening service,
number trebled.
Church restored ; 3
or 4 times larger.
50
(i) Now about 80 to 90 communicants, or almost double the number of the
whole of previous congregation.
(2) Pewed and unused until reseated in 1864.
(3) The wealthy and influential people attend as well as the poor.
(4) Formerly very scant attendance, especially of the poor, nov>-, the eveniug
service always splendidly attended by working-classes.
lO
ixn mA %{Mi)\noinx^U& &\x\m\xt$.
GENERAL EXPERIENCE.
Birkenhead. Sf. Mar/c's, New Ferry.— The offertory is
growing in favour ; was viewed with great disUke by many, with
misgiving by almost all at first. I am strongly in favour of an offer-
tory at every Sunday service. The system should be introduced at
once "into every new church, and by degrees, as may be possible,
into others. The offertory has not a tendency to lessen special
collections ; rather the reverse. People learn to give better on all
occasions.
A public meeting was held here on November 20th, 1866,
the Rector in the chair, to consider the propriety of appro-
priating the seats of the church. The meeting was largely
attended by the parishioners and the congregation ; and, with one
single dissentient, the conclusion unanimously arrived at was,,
that as the free system had, since the opening of the church
many months ago, worked so exceedingly well and so entirely to
the satisfaction of all parties, no change at all should be made.
In such churches as this, one just excuse is taken from the people,,
viz., that there is no seat for them.
Birmingham. Sf. Matthias. — By all means let bags be used.
The conscience of the worshipper is appealed to. He is delivered
from the temptation to a feeling of shame if the offering is small,,
and ostentation if the offering be large.
Bath. St. John Baptist, Bath wick. — A weekly evening col-
lection was long objected to, as it was thought to be disadvan-
tageous to the poor, and might prejudice them against church
attendance ; but it has never been spoken against since its adop-
tion.
Bradford. St. Jtcde. — The offertory is acceptable to the
people, and especially to the poor, who take far more interest in
the church and its services when they contribute towards its
support than when they sit in sittings labelled" free." Care
must be taken to show the people that it is not a party matter,
neither Puseyite nor Puritan. It induces a spirit of giving Avhich
tells favourably upon the charities of the district Since its intro-
duction here some of my more well-to-do-people have learned to
give to God a tithe of their income.
II
Caistor. St Paid and Peter. — Where bags are used, small
sums are often given by persons who would be ashamed to place
such offerings in an open plate.
Calne, Wilts. — The system of non-appropriation is one
which, once tried, would never, I think, be abandoned.
Chester. The Cathedral — The Free Evening Services : dense
congregations, including an immense number of the poor, now
assemble every Sunday in the nave of the Cathedral.
Chester. St. Peter's^ (pewed.) — Whilst the Rector would
desire, with all his heart, to be the minister of his parish, the system
under which he finds himself makes him, as it were, the minister of
a section of the people. He therefore feels himself in an unim-
portant position, where he ought to occupy one of greater im-
portance. All he could say as a clergyman was, that he wished
they would cut off his supplies from his pew rents before next
Sunday, and permit him to appeal to his people, and he would get
support when the people found that there was a good day's labour
for a good day's wage. At present, in his church, a distinction,
was kept up, and was painful, not only to himself personally, but.
was destructive to the best interests of the people. An English-
man was a man of independence, or ought to be, and an artisan
felt it was warring against that feeling of independence to be
shown into a place appropriated to those below the privileged
class ; and so long as this principle of pewdom prevailed, the
ministry of religion would be confined, as must obviously be the
case, to those who could afford to pay.
Clerkenwell. St. Philip. — Fixed boxes at doors very useful
for special objects, e.g.^ school feasts, which cannot well be put in
the offertory. I have always found the people ready to give more
on special appeals.
Derby. St. Andrew. — The offertory system is not acceptable
to the people naturally. The only way to educate them is to
keep brief plain statements always before them. A slip is pasted
on every sitting on the- book-board. It is mentioned on all tract
overs, parish almanacs, &c.
Dublin, Grangegorman.— The offertory system is national
in Ireland.
Dublin. St, Bartholo?new. — The offertory improves special
collections ; giving grows like hoarding.
Dewsbury. Parish Church — The offertory is almost uni-
versally acceptable in this church. Upwards of £40 per annum
is raised in the Mission Rooms.
19
Hammersmith. St John. — Plates would probably oblige
some people to give more, but they would make those uncomfort-
able who would only give " mites," and in no way would they
promote free-will and religious giving. We use bags. There are
hundreds of people attending this church (on Sunday evening
particularly), who could never give ten shillings in a lump, but
whose pence and threepenny pieces amount to as much or more
in the half-year.
Halifax. All Soiils\ — Bags are preferable, because by
means of them the left hand knows not what the right hand gives.
They are more noiseless than other plans, are more handy, and
more easily concealed by the collectors during the first part of the
service.
Hitch IN. Holy Saviour. — The amounts of the offertory
collections are posted monthly on the notice boards, and the
vestry appoint officers to examine the accounts at Easter ; which
accounts, with those of all other parochial offerings, subscriptions,
etc., are printed and circulated. This plan is perfectly acceptable
to the people. The greater publicity the accounts obtain, the
more liberality is stimulated. At the first, it was feared that
collecting from the evening congregation might have the effect of
thinning it ; these fears were groundless. The church is always
full. Bags are in use at my church, and we think are best.
King's Lynn. — The offertory at every service most effec-
tually connects the practice of prayer with the practice of offer-
ing to God, and tends to enforce the great principle, " Thou shalt
not appear before the Lord thy God empty."
KiRKLEY, Suffolk. — After the strangeness of the change
had worn off, many, who had left the church when the offertory
was introduced, have returned, and give. Our yearly tabular
account shows a gradual increase of all coins, and proves a stea^dy
growth of the habit of giving among all classes. The offertory
and free seats should be introduced together. The natural ex-
clusiveness and love of private property endears the appropriation
of seats and pew-rents to the English character. Sermoiis, there-
fore, pointing out the sin of this, and private exhortations to the
same effect, are found useful. At first, there will always be oppo-
sition from a few selfish people — usually the well-to-do — but
firmness on the part of the clergy and churchwardens would
prevail, as with us, after awhile. We have the offertory at every
Sunday service, on the ground that all worshippers ought to have
the opportunity of contributing to the expenses of Divine wor-
ship, and to the support of the parish institution. It is unfair to
throw the burden upon any one congregation, for, as a rule, the
congregation at each service is composed of different persons.
Special collections are increased ; and naturally, as the habit of
13
giving, like any other habit, grows, the more you indulge it.
The change has done away with late church goers, who, unless
early, can get no seat.
Liverpool. Christ Church. — Subscriptions to special objects
larger since the change. Boxes also satisfactory. The people are
educated on the offertory by instruction on Scripture and Prayer-
book teaching. Might be used first at Communion time, from
whole congregation.
Liverpool. St. James the Less. — The success of the offer-
tory, especially in poor districts, depends on frequent collections
of small sums. Our daily evensong collection adds considerably
to our total.
Nantwich. — Since this church has been thro-vvn open, the
attendance of the middle class has greatly increased, while that of
the working-classes has increased tenfold at least. And I am bold
to say, that the various classes of people in this parish are begin-
ning to understand each other better, and to entertain proper
S)niipathy towards each other. The introduction of the weekly
offertory last year, it was feared by some, would reduce the attend-
ance, but it has not affected it in the least.
OwsTON, DoNCASTER. — Bags preferable, being most secret,
easiest handed, less noisy, less liable to have the money spilt, and
more convenient for placing on the dish in which they are re-
ceived before placing them on the Comjnunion-table.
Paddington. St Mary Magdalene. — By all means make
the people your confidants, in sums received and mode of expen-
diture, by balance-sheets. Always let them know to what _ they
are giving, and rigidly spend the money for objects to which it
was meant to be devoted.
Plaistow. St. Mary. — The people have been educated to
the offertory by our Mission Church, so that after a time there was
a pressure npoti me, rather than from me. By our children's
service we train our children to give.
Redditch. Headless Cross. — Place the subject of the
offertory plainly before the people. Let them understand that the
offertory is an important part of public worship. Then commence
with it ; even if not generally acceptable, it will soon become so.
Scarborough. St. Marti7i. — A word of complaint has
never been heard against the offertory system since it was intro-
duced. Before the church was consecrated, there was great ob-
jection to having seats all unappropriated, but never, so far as is
known, to the offertory, and the practical success has satisfied
14
-every one. In fairness, it must be added, that a place like Scar-
borough is very favourable to the success of the offertory, but pre-
sents unusual difficulties to the free and unappropriated system,
as the large influx of visitors causes the church to be crowded in
the season, hundreds being turned from the doors, and this seems
rather hard to residents. Nevertheless, it seems to be even here
the best system, and the people generally are satisfied with it.
Bags for the oftertory are decidedly preferable to plates. Once
explain to the people the reason, viz., to prevent ostentation or
shame, and the propriety of the offerings being secret, and they
are convinced of this at once. The amount collected in open
plates probably would be larger. Our church doors are never
locked from 8 a. m. till dark.
Sheffield. — Sf. Jude. — Since it is a duty to give the
chance of performing a duty, the opportunity of the offertory
ouglit to be given at night to those who have been unable to give
in the morning.
Shields (North). St PcLr. — This church was opened
four years ago, when its friends prophesied the failure of the pro-
posal to make it entirely free and unappropriated. Such a thing
had never been thought of in this place, and it was deemed rash
and by many absurd ! It was predicted that people would not
come if they could not have their own seats. However, they
were asked to try it for one year, and if it failed, then the
sittings must be appropriated. The weekly offertory, too, it was
said, was an innovation which people would not accept, and they
would far rather pay a seat-rent, even if it were left to their own
honour how much to pay, and where to pay it. The building,
JiOAvever, was ultimately declared free and unappropriated, and
the result has exceeded the most sanguine expectations. The
church has always been well filled by most attentive and regular
and orderly congregations. Very many of the poorest people,
who never before attended any place of worship, are now constant
in their attendance, and not a few are communicants. The
services are warm and hearty, and the people do their part in
turn The offertor} is amply sufficient for all our expenses, and
a large part of the cost of a new organ — the cost of which was
nearly ^500 — has been defrayed from that source. It is need-
le. •s to say that nothing now is heard of pew-rents, or that no
complaints are made of the offertory. One thing is certain, viz.,
the oftener the people give, the more thev find a pleasure in it,
and learn to give from a right motive. Only aTew weeks ago, al-
lusion'was made from the pulpit to the necessity of the enlargement
of the vestry, and the hope was expressed that the offertory would
provide the means. Not long after, a domestic servant brought
some money to the incumbent, wrapped in a piece of paper, re-
buesting that it would be put into the j^late on the following Sunday.
15
'" It was to help to enlarge the vestry of God's Church." She was
told that it would be preferred that she should put it in herself;
but she declined, as it might attract attention, and she did not
wish any one to know of it ; so consent was given to offer it for
her on the following Sunday. On opening the paper, ten sovereigns
were found, when the Incumbent mentioned that he thought
she Avas giving more than she was called upon to give ; but all she
could be persuaded to do was to keep back ;^3, to give to what-
ever might most be required next year, when she "hoped to add
something to it." This is one of the results of the weekly offer-
tory, which teaches peeple to give, and to find a .sweetness in
giving. It becomes often a difhculty to part with sixpence once a
year at the missionary sermons ; but when, Sunday after Sunday,
the worshippers give to God's honour, and when they can look
around in the church in which they kneel, and feel that they have
a part and an interest in it, the custom of giving becomes natural,
wholesome and pleasant, and the offertory system most accept-
able.
Stepney. — Sf. Luke^s Mission Chapel. — As a means of
education, present the offertory. Above all, let the clergyman put
into it his own quota of liberality.
Warrington. — Our church is well filled with poor people
at the evening services. We have had to put benches down the
aisle, and last Sunday evening more than forty people could not
get seats. This sort of thing we never saw under the old system,
and I am proud to see the people assert their right, and seat
themselves where they like.
Westbourne, Sussex. — This church has, within the last year
or two, been made free and unappropriated. The population is
upwards of 2,000, being purely agricultural. The pew system was
planted here towards the close of the last century. Three galleries
were then set up, the old open seats cleared out, and the church
pewed at the expense of the churchwardens, who reimbursed
themselves by selling the pews. A system of purchase and sale
of sittings first, and then of pews {£,10 each) was thus established,
which went on briskly for some forty years. These pecuniary
transactions were at last brought to an end, and the whole of the
church became the prop*erty of certain houses in the parish, the
poor having only a few seats under the tower — a space which was
then treated as waste and unsaleable. One lady, a large land-
owner, was found possessed of 100 sittings, v.'hich she claimed as
her own personal property, and on each of which her initials were
branded. The result of these proceedings was that the church
was parcelled out amongst the chief ratepayers in the parish.
When they came, their pews Avere more or less full, when absent
they were empty, no one presuming to enter them even then.
In the afternoon of Sunday the church was nearly empty, a few
i6
poor being scattered round the walls or under galleries, where no
one else cared to go. Under these circumstances, that the church
should become thoroughly out of repair was not unnatural. The
parishioners at length were persuaded to restore the building, and
of course the pews and galleries had to be cleared away. No
sooner was the church restored than up started the old claimants.
A violent legal war then set in, lasting eighteen months ; but the
free church gained the day, and for two years the new free church
has been worked, and with great and increasing success. The
building is seated for 400, and 100 chairs are placed in the
passages, and not -only is every seat filled, but people frequently
have to stand* or leave the church. It is vain to think of a seat
unless the worshipper arrives at the church five miuutes before
the service begins. Another feature is that the poor are coming
in great numbers. Some losses, however, have been incurred;
three or four of the chief farmers and one gentleman, finding it
impossible to have pews of t^ieir own any longer, or seats kept
for them, have withdrawn altogether, and now worship in other
parishes. They have also withdrawn all help to parochial charities ;
but for every one that has been lost at least six have been gained,
and so far from the charities failing, the great increase in little
helps far outweighs the loss of a few greater ones. The offer-
tories, which are now monthly, are in amount just three times what
they used to be.
Westminster. Sf. James the Less. — The offertory system
with a free church is acceptable to young people, and especially
to young men. The service should be cheerful, with plenty of
music, such as all can join in — hearty and real.
York. The Cathedral. — The service in the nave attracts im-
mense congregations. Its charm is its perfect freedom. The seats
are open, and the vergers are conspicuous by their absence. The*
dissenting tradesman may be found in great force. Most inspiring
is the spectacle of 2,000 or 3,000 people thus joining in the
worship of God.
T/w fclloiving Piiblkations may be had gratnitoiisly on application to the
Resident Secretary, 25, Norfolk Street, Strand, W. C.
"The Church and the People: I "Address on the Openingof Churches
An Address to Members of the j daily for Private Prayer."
Church of England on the Pew l " The Ecclesiastical Lock-Out."
System and the Weekly Offertoiy." ' ' The Weekly Offertory."
"The Rights and Duties of Church- ! "God's Truth against Pew Rents."
wardens as to seats in Parish ■ " The Bishops and the Open Church
Churches." Movement."
"Th& Archdeacon of Ely on the i "Leaflets. — No. i, ' The Letting ami
Churchwardens' Duties of Seating \ Appropriation of Seats." ""
the Parisliioners."
"Church Appropriation."
"A Churchwarden on the Pew Sys-
tem."
"Eighteen Reasons for Getting Rid
of Pews."
No. 2, ' Prayer for Free
and Open Church Work.' "
"Memorial to Incorporated Church
Building Society."
"Annual Reports," for 1866 and
1867.
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