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e0008S662W
PffiST LESSONS
IN THK
MAORI LANGUAGE
OF NEW ZEALAND;
lYITH A
SHORT VOCABULARY
BT
W. L. WILLIAMS, B.A.
\^V.\0T^/7^N.
.. OCT [FR2 •.'
WILLIAMS AND NORGATE,
14, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON ;
AND 20, SOUTH FREDERICK STREET, EDINBURGH.
UPTON & Co., AUCKLAND, N. Z.
1882.
SJ3.
r*77
LONDON :
C, NORMAX AND SON, PRINTERS, I'ART STREET,
COVENT GARDEN.
/
PAETL
ON READING.
§ 1. The Alphabet consists of the
fbllowing fifteen letters :
FORM.
NAME.
SOUND.
A
a
a
father.
E
e
e
send.
H
h
ha
I
•
1
•
1
hity feet.
K
k
ka
M
m
ma
K
n
na
Ng
»g
nga
si^i^ring.
O
o
o
obey,
withottt the w soiind
P
P
pa
generally connected with
B
r
ra
o in
. English.
T
t
ta
U
u
u
boot.
W
w
wa
Wh
wh
wha
r
2 J, On Reading,
§ 2. Pronunciation. Those letters
which have not the pronunciation marked
in the above table may be pronounced as
in English : t and r, however are articulated
farther forward in the mouth in Maori than
they are in English ; and wk is not, as it is
written, a compound of w and h^ but a
simple consonant, the effect of breath
emitted smartly between the lips ; the same
sound, in short, as is made in blowing from
the mouth.
Nffj as used in Maori to begin a syllable,
is found difficult by some people; but
the difficulty may soon be overcome by
bearing in mind that the position of the
organs of speech is the same for this letter
as for g and Jc^ to which it stands in the
same relation that m does to b and ^, and
nto d and t Pronounce the three letters
successively with the Maori vowel a^ thus :
ka^ ga^ nga^ and practise this till the letter
is mastered.
J. On Beading. 3
The vowels have each but one sound,
though they may all vary in length in
different words. When two stand together
in a word, the first of the two is generally
pronounced more strongly than the other.
The doubling of a vowel amounts simply to
a lengthening of it.
The consonants always stand singly, and
every syllable ends with a vowel.
§ 3. Caution. Be careful always to
give each vowel its own sound, and so to
avoid confusion between cte and az", as in the
words waewae and wai ; between ao and au^
as in the words tao and tau ; between ou
and Uy as in the words koutou and mutu.
II. NOUNS & PEESONAL PRONOUNS.
§ 4. The nouns have no Inflections,
1 *
4 II, Nouns and Personal Pronouns,
nor any distinctions of Gender which affect
grammatical construction.
Obs. The common interrogative pro-
noun, aha, wJiatj is treated as a common
noun.
§ 4. The Nmnber of a common noun
is denoted generally by the number of the
definitive in connexion with it. See §§ 17,
18. The following words have one vowel
lengthened in the plural, thus :
SINGULAR. PLUEAL.
Matna, parent, Matna, parents,
Tuptina, ancestor, Tupnna, ancestors.
Tangata, 'inan. Tangata, men,
Wahine, woman, Wahine, womeiu
Tuahine, sister {of a mun), Tuahine, sisters,
Tuakana, elder brother, Tuakana, elder hrothers.
Teina, younger brother, Tcina, younger brothers.
The word tamaiti^ child, is used in the
singular only, tamariki being always used
for the plural.
II. Nouns and Personal Pronouns. 5
§ 6. The personal pronouns have three
numbers, Singular, Dual, and Plural, as
shewn by the following table.
TABLE OF PEESONAL PEONOUNS.
SINGULAR.
DUAL.
PLURAL.
1st Person
Aliau,oran
Maua
Matou
1st includ. 2nd
Taua
Tatou
2nd Person
Koe
Koma
Kontou
3rd Person
la
Eana
Baton
Interrog.
Wai?
Wai ma?
Wai ma?
Indef.
Mea
Mea ma
Mea ma
Of the dual and plural pronouns of the
first person, taua and tatou include the
person or persons spoken to, while maua
and matou exclude them. The personal
pronouns are not used in speaking of inani-
Lte things.
§ 7. Local Nouns, which are treated
like proper names.
Hea, wJiat place.
Kx)y Ihat pUbce (at a distance), yonder.
Konei, this place (near the speaker).
\
6 11. Nouns and Personal Proiiouns,
Kona, that jplace (near the person spoken to).
Reira, that place (before mentioned).
Runga, the top,
Raro, the bottom,
Roto, tJie inside,
Waho, the outside,
Tawahi, the other side (of a river, valley, &c.).
Tna, the other side (of a hill, house, &c.).
Tatahi, the sea shore (as opposed to places inland) .
Tahaki, the slwre (as opposed to the water).
Uta; the dryland (as opposed to the water).
— inland places (opposed to tatahi).
^ViZ,, the front, or fore part,
Mnri, the rear, or hinder part,
Waenganni, the midst.
§ 8. Use the nominal prefix a with
names of persons^ with the pronouns wai and
mea, and with the names of the months^*
1. when they stand as subject in a
sentence ;
2. when they follow any of the preposi-
* The names of the days of the week are treated
like common noons ; but always take the definite
article te.
II. Nouns and Personal Pronouns. 7
tions /a, ^', hei^ kei; but not when they
follow Ico or any of the prepositions «, o,
ma, mo, Tia, ?zo, e, me. See §§ 15, 16.
Use it with personal pronouns (except
ahau^ though au follows the rule) only when
they follow the prepositions 1d^ z", heij hei;
or when they are repeated by way of
explanation: not ordinarily when they
stand as subject in a sentence.
Use it with names of plxwes and heal
nouns (§7) only when they stand as subject
in a sentence, or are repeated by way of
explanation.
Examples.
Ka ora a Hoani, Hoani is well,
Kei a Tamati to hoilio, Your horse is in the possession
of Tamati,
Ma Pita tenei, This is for Pita,
He taone a Akarana, Auchland is a town,
Homai ki a an, Give it to me,
Ka wera a waho, the outside is burnt,
§ 9. Ma. When any person is spoken
8 IL Nouns and Personal Fr(yiioun8.
of in connexion with others whom it is not
necessary to specify put ma after the name^
thus :
Kabutia ma, Kaliutia and his companions.
Also when addressing more persons than
one it may be used with the diflFerent forms
of address, thus :
E hoa ma ! Fnends I
With the pronouns wai? and mea (§6)
it makes a plural.
A wai ma ? Who ? (pi.)
A mea ma, svxih and siu^h persons,
§ 10. The singular Personal Pro-
nouns ahau, /, koe, thou^ ia, Jie^ become
respectively -ku, -u, -na, when they follow
the possessive prepositions a, o, of^ na, no,
helonging to^ ma, mo, for^ and the compounds
ta, and to (which consist of the article te
and the prepositions a and o). Owing
to this irregularity the preposition and
XT. Nouns and Personal Pro^iouns. 9
pronoun in each case are generally written
as one word.
Ahan, I; aku, or oku, of me ; naku, or noku,
belonging to me, mine; maku, or moku, for me ;
taku, or toku, my (literally te a ku, the,,, of me).
Koe, thou; au, or 6u, of thee; nan, or nou,
belonging to thee, thine; mau or mou, for thee;
tan, or ton, thy,
la, he or she ; ana, or ona, of him ; nana, or
nona, belonging to him, his; mana, or mona, for
him ; tana, or tona, his,
§ 11. When a number of persons or
things are enumerated, the particle or
preposition that is used with the first
should be repeated with each of those that
follow.
Example.
Nga rangatira o Rotoma, o Rotoiti, o Tarawera ;
tJie chiefs of Botorua, Botoiti and Tarawera,
§ 12. When speaking of a number of
persons collectively, use the dual or plural
pronouns followed by the name, or names,
10 II, Nouns and Personal Pronouns.
of the additional persons, introducing each
name with ko; but if the names are preceded
by a preposition, the preposition will not be
repeated.
When names are enumerated in the third
person, one of the names must precede the
pronoun unless one of them has been pre-
viously mentioned.
Examples.
Maua ko Hemi, Heini and L
Kontou ko Hemi, ko Hohepa, You and Hemi and
Hohepa,
A Hemi raua ko Hoani, Semi and Hoani,
Ki a Hoani ratou ko Hemi ma, to Hoani, Henii, &c.
Ko wai m.a era ? Ko Hem.i ratou ko Pita, ko
Hohepa. Who are those ? Hemi and Pita and Hohepa,
§ 13. When nouns are in Apposition
(i.e., when a second noun is added to
explain the first), repeat the preposition,
&c., of the first noun with the second, and
place the most general noun first, the most
particular afterwards.
IL Nouns and Personal Pronouns. 11
Example.
Ma tona tupuna ma Paora, for Tiis grandfather
Paora.
In tins example, tona tupuna is a more
general term than Paora^ and it therefore
stands first ; and the preposition ma is re-
peated with the particular name, Paxyra.
§ 14. Common Nouns as Adjectives.
All common nouns may be used as
adjectives.
Examples.
He whare papa, a hoarded liotise.
He kakahn rinena, a linen garmenL
III. PREPOSITIONS.
§ 15. Simple Prepositions.
A, of, belonging to. (See § 22.)
at, of future time : a hea ? at what time f
until,
O, of, belonging to, passive of a. (§ 22.)
from, of place or time, denoting the starting point.
12 III, Prepositions,
Na, ofy "belonging to, (§ 22.)
hy, hy means ofy on account of,
hy way of.
No, of belonging to (§ 22), passive of na.
fronif of place, but not after yerlw of motion.
from^ at, of time past.
Ma, for, (§ 22.)
hy, of means.
hy, through, hy way of of direction.
Mo, for, passive of ma. (§ 22.)
at, on, of time future.
about, concerning,
Ba, hy way of, through,
E, hy, of agent, only after passive verbs. (§ 53.)
I. hy, with, of agent or instrument, after participles,
adjectives, and neuter verbs. (§ 69.)
hy reason of,
from, after verbs of motion.
with, in possession of, or having in possession^
generally past.
with, in company with,
at, of time, generally past.
in comparison of,
beyond,
at, in, on, of place, generally in time past.
at the time of, at the time that.
IIL Prepositions, 13
in state of^ in act ofy in time past, govern adjectives
or verbs,
simplj transitive, no English equivalent. (§ 63.)
Kei, at, on, of place, in time present ; not nsed
after verbs.
withy in possession of, in time present.
i7i state, of, in act of, with adjectives or verbs in
time present.
Hei, at, on, of place, or time, future ; not used after
verbs.
with, in possession of, in time future.
for, to serve a*, to he, without any definitive ; used
with nouns, or with the infinitive of verbs.
Ki, to, of place or action ; into, towards.
at, or in, of place in which a thing is done, &c.y
after verbs.
at, after arrive, &c.
ivith, of instrument.
against.
according to, concerning,
for, in guest of.
after verbs without any English equivalent.
(§53.)
Me, with, in addition, and — too.
Xo, to, going to, with nouns of place and infinitives
of active verbs.
at, of future time, or denoting intention.
14 III, Prepositions.
To, up to,
Whaka, towards.
§ 16. Complex Prepositions. These
are irregular modes of using some of the
local nouns enumerated in § 7. .
Series 1.
•• upon, on the top of.
Ki mnga ki,
I ninga i,
Kei mnga kei,
Hei rnnga hei,
"No mnga no, from upon, i.e., belonging to the top of,
1 ninga, i, from upon, with special idea of motion
from.
Mo mnga mo, for the top of.
Ma mnga ma, over, by the top of (direction).
Ko mnga ko, to the top of.
Sebies 2.
Ki mnga i,
I mnga i,
Kei mnga i,
Hei runga i,
above, over.
III. Prej>ositions. 15
Ko runga i, from above, i.e., belonging to that situa-
tion.
I runga i, from above, implying motion from.
Mo runga i, for above, i.e., to be above.
Ma runga i, by above, over (of direction).
Ko runga i, to above, over.
In the second of these series o may be
substituted for z, in which case the con-
struction will be regular.
The simple prepositions may be com-
bined in the same way with raro, to signify
under ^ beneath^ &c. ; with rotOy to signify tUy
mtOj inside^ &c. ; with waho^ to signify with-
out ^ outside^ front without^ &c.
Mua and Muri are only used in Series 2.
IV. DEFINITIVES.
§ 17. Definitives are those words which
shew how far, or in what way the signifi-
cation of a noun is Kmited. The name
16
IV. Definitives*
therefore will comprehend what are com-
monly known as articles^ possessive pronouns^
possessive cases of nouns^ and demonstrative
pronouns. All these, with one exception,
have two numbers, singular and plural;
and all stand before the nouns with which
they are connected.
A common noun is always preceded by a
definitive.
§ 18. TABLE OF DEFINITIVES.
SINGULAR.
He, a or an,
Te, the.
Tetahi, a, one, some.
Tenei, this.
Tena, that (near the person
spoken to).
Tera, tliat (at a distance) ;
the other (opposed to
this or that).
PLURAL.
He,-^—
Nga, the.
Etahi, some.
Enei, these.
Ena, those (near the person
spoken to).
Era, those (at a distance);
the others.
IV. Befimtives.
17
SINGULAR.
PLURAL.
Taua, that (before men-
Ana, those (before men-
tioned).
tioned).
la, that.
(No plural).
Tehea? which?
Ehea? which?
Taku, iny.
Aku, my.
Toku, my.
Oku, my.
Tau, thy.
An, thy.
Ton, thj.
Ou, thy.
To, thy.
0, thy.
Tana, his, or her.
Ana, his, or her.
Tona, his or her.
Ona, /it^, or Iter.
Ta taua, our.
A taua, owr.
To taua, our.
taua, our.
Ta tatou, our.
A tatou, owr.
To tatou, our.
tatou, our.
And so on with all the other personal
pronouns, with names of persons, or places,
with local nouns (§7), and with all common
nouns when they follow any definitive
except he^ by prefixing ta, or to, for the
singular, and a, or o, for the plural.
2
18 IV. JDefinitives,
Examples.
Toku whare, my house.
Enei hoiho, these horses.
He wliare, a house, or houses,
Ta Hemi pukapuka, Hernias hool\
To tenei tangata kainga, this man^s dwelling place.
The possessive particle to is often resolved
into the article and preposition, thus Te
whare o Semi is equivalent to To Hemi
whare.
§ 19. Peculiarities of he and te. (a)
Never use he after a preposition, but
substitute tetaht^ thus :
He tangata, a man,
Ki tetahi tangata, to a man.
(h) When a common noun is used to
denote a class, as the simple pltu^al is often
used in English, use te in the singular^ and
not he^ thus :
Te kalia o te hoiho, the strength of the horse,
Te hoilio, the horse; i.e., horses in general.
IV. Definitives. 19
§ 20. Possessive Prepositions following
Definitives, (a) When a possessive follows
he^ always use either of the prepositions
na or no, never a, or o.
Examples.
He pnkapuka naku, a hoolc of mine, or belonging
to me.
He wliare no tenei tangata, a house belonging to this
man, or of this man^s,
(h) When a possessive follows any other
definitive, except he, always use either of
the prepositions a or o, never na or no.
Examples.
Te pxLkapiika a Pita, Tito's booh,
Tenei taha okn, this side of me.
Tana whare o Hemi, that house of Hernias,
§ 21. The demonstratives tmei^ tena,
tera are compounded of the article te and
the adverbs nei^ na, ra. Tenet denotes that
the thing spoken of is near or connected
with the speaker ; tena that it is near, or
2 *
20 IV. Definitives.
in some way connected with the person
spoken to ; tera^ that it is at a distance
from, or unconnected with either the
speaker or the person spoken to ; taua^ that
it has been already mentioned. la is
generally used distributively for eachj both
it and the noun being repeated, Tenei^
tena^ and tei'a may also be used in the
same way.
Examples.
la tangata ia tangata, each vian.
Tenei ropu tenei ropu o ratoti, each company of them.
Tera is often used in an emphatic way
for the personal pronoun of the third
person singular.
Te)ietj tena, and tei^a often stand alone,
the noun being understood, but taita is
never used in this way.
Examples,
Kaku tenei, nan tena, this is mine, that is yours.
He rangatira tana tangata, that m>an is a chief.
IV, Definitives. 21
§ 22. The difference between a and o,
which applies also to na^ no^ ma^ mo^ ta^ to^
taka^ tohu^ &c., is this : a is used in speaking
of transitive actions^ instruments^ works accom--
pUshed or in progress^ foody children^ slaves^
&c. ; in speaking oi parts of a whoU^ namesy
qualities^ peculiarities^ feelings^ houses^ land^
inhabitants^ water for drinking^ medicine^
clothes^ parents^ superiors^ also with derivative
nouns of adjectives, participles, and intransi-
tive verbs, and with those of transitive verbs
when they are used in a passive sense.
Examples.
Toku papa, my father.
Tana tamaiti, his child,
Tona rangatira, his master.
He pononga nana, a servant of his.
Tona kakabn, his garment.
Ou waewae, your feet.
He kai man, food for you.
Tetahi wai moka, sow^ tvater for me.
Ton ingoa, your name.
22 IV* Definitions,
Takn ingoa mon^ my name for you (i.e., which I have
given you),
Taku patunga i a koe, my striking you,
Toku patnnga e koe, my being struck hy you,
Obs. To, ihy^ plural o, resembles tau
and not tou.
V. ADJECTIVES.
§ 23. Position. Adjectives always stand
after the nouns which they qualify.
Examples.
He whare pai, a good house.
Tana hoilio nni, his large horse.
§ 24:. By doubling the di-syllabic root
of an adjective, the intensity of its signifi-
cation is diminished thus :
Wera, hot,
Werawera, somewhat hot, warm.
F. Adjectives, 23
Maroke, dry,
Marokeroke, somewhat dry.
In the case of a few adjectives a plural
is formed by doubling the first syllable of
the root, thus :
He rakau nui, a large tree.
He rakau mmui, large trees.
He tangata roa, a tall man.
He tangata roroa, tall men.
§ 25. Degrees of Comparison are
expressed by the adverbs atu^ or ake for
the comparative degree, TmOy or rawa^ with
the definite article te for the superlative
degree. Tmo or rawa^ with the indefinite
article he forms an intense comparative.
Obs. Tmo alwa3"s stands before the
adjective and rawa after it.
Examples.
He mea pai atu i tena, a better thing than that.
24 V. Adjectives,
Te mea pai rawa, the best thing.
He mea tino pai, a very good thing.
Te mea tino pai rawa, the very best thing.
He mea pai rawa i tena, a far better thing than
that.
§ 26. When two or more adjectives are
used to qualify the same noun, repeat the
noun with each, or substitute mea for the
noun after the first time.
Examples.
He wliare kowhatn, he wliare pai, a good stone
house.
He pukapnka nni, lie mea taimaba, a large heavy
hooJc.
§ 27. Abstract Quality is expressed by
the adjective treated as a noun, thus :
Pai, good. Te pai, the goodness.
Boa, long. Te roa, the length.
VL Numerals. 25
VI. NUMERALS.
I. CARDINAL NUMBERS.
§ 28. TABLE OF CARDINAL NUMBERS.
Hia ? li(no many ?
1 Tabi, or Kotahi. 6 Ono.
2 Rna. 7 Whitu.
3 Toru. 8 Waru.
4 Wha. 9 Iwa.
5 Rima. 10 Tekau, or Ngahuru.
11 Tekau ma tahi.
12 Tekaa ma rna.
13 Tekau ma torn.
14 Tekau ma wha.
20 Rua tekau.
21 Rua tekau ma tahi.
30 Toru tekau.
40 Wha tekau.
100 Kotahi rau.
101 Kotahi itiu ma tahi.
123 Kotahi rau e rua tekau ma toru.
1000 Kotahi mauo.
2001 E rua mauo ma tahi.
2384 E rua mano e toru rau e waru tekau ma wha.
26 VL Numerals.
§ 29. In Counting use ka before the
numerals, thus :
Ka Ilia ? how many ?
Ka tahi, one ; ka rua, two ; ka torn, three, &c. ; ka
tekau, ten ; ka tekau ma tahi, eleven ; ka rua tekan,
twenty ; ka kotaki ran ka rua tekau ma rima, one
hundred and twenty-five.
In asking for any number of things use
Ma in the same way before the numeral,
thus:
Mauria mai etahi toki kia rua, hring two axes,
Kia hia ? how many ? Kia rua, two.
§ 30. With Nouns. When used in
immediate connexion with nouns, let
kotahi stand for one^ not tahi^ and put e
before the others, from two to nine.
Examples.
He tangata kotahi, one man.
VI. Numeralsm 27
!N"ga whare e torn, the three houses.
He pukapnka kotahi tekau ma rua, twelve hoolcs,
Nga wliare e wlia tekan, the forty houses.
In speaking of persons^ the numerals
from rtm to iwa inclusive, and the interro-
gative Ma^ have toho- prefixed instead of e.
Examples.
Tokohia ? how many ?
Nga tangata tokoiwa, tlie nine men.
§ 31. In using the numerals distribu-
tively prefix taki- to the simple numeral,
thus :
Taikrua, hy twos, two and two.
Takitahi, singly, or hy ones.
II. ORDINALS.
§ 32. Ordinals used absolutely, i.e.,
not in immediate connexion with nouns, are
28 VL Numerals,
expressed by the simple numeral with fe,
thus :
Te tahi, the first,
Te rua, tJie second,
Te Ida ? Which in order ?
§ 33. When using ordinals as adjec-
tives in immediate connexion with nouns
prefix iua- to the simple numeral from one
to nine, thus :
Te tangata tnatahi, the first man.
Above nine, without tua-^ thus :
Te tekau o nga hoilio, the tenth of the horses, or the
tenth horse,
Te ma tekau ma torn o nga whare, the tiventy -third
of the hoTises, or the twenty-third house.
VIL Sentences without Verbs, 29
VIL SENTENCES WITHOUT VERBS.
§ 34. Subject and Fqsedicate. The
Subject in a sentence is that of which any-
thing is said.
The Prsedicate is that which is said of
the Subject.
Examples.
John is a boy. Jolin runs. In both these " John "
is the Subject: " a boy," and " runs" are Prsedicates*
The Subject and Praedicate do not al-
ways occupy the same relative positions in
English, for though the Subject is generally
placed first, it is sometimes placed last. It
will be sufficiently accurate for the purposes
of this chapter to consider the Praedicate
identical with the most emphatic member
of the sentence.
§ 35. Substantive Verb. In English,
Tvhen the praedicate is not a verb, the verb
" to be,'' commonly called the substantive
30 YIL Sentences witliout Verbs,
verb, is used to connect the praedicate with
its subject. This verb has no equivalent
in Maori, but its place is supplied by the
relative position of the different words in
the sentence.
§ 36. In affirmative Sentences, the
praedicate stands first, and the subject after
it ; and two nouns, or an adjective and
noun, placed in these relative positions
form a sentence although without a verb.
In negative sentences, this relative position
is apparently (§ 39) reversed.
Sentences of this kind are made either
with, or without the particle ho.
§ 37. Use " ho^^^ when the praedicate is
either
1. A proper name, or personal pronoun,
a local noun (§ 7), or either of the
interrogatives wax, or hea.
VII. Sentences without Verbs. 31
2. A common noun with any of the
definitives except he.
Examples.
Ko ia tenei, this is he,
Ko wai tona ingoa ? what is his nai)ie ?
Ko Hemi tona ingoa, his name is Semi.
Ko toku whare tera, that is my house.
§ 38. Make a sentence without ho when
the predicate is either
1. (a) A common noun, (J) an adjective,
or (c) a verb in the infinitive, with the
indefinite article he.
2. (c?) A noun, pronoun, verb, or adjec-
tive following a preposition.
In both these cases, the verb or adjective
is treated as a noun.
Examples.
(a) He wliare pai tera, that is a good house.
(6) He pirau enei knmara, these kumara are rotten*
30 VJJL, Sentences vnthout Verbs,
verb, is used to connect the praedicate with
its subject. This verb has no equivalent
in Maori, but its place is supplied by the
relative position of the different words in
the sentence.
§ 36. In afifirmative Sentences, the
praedicate stands first, and the subject after
it ; and two nouns, or an adjective and
noun, placed in these relative positions
form a sentence although without a verb.
In negative sentences, this relative position
is apparently (§ 39) reversed.
Sentences of this kind are made either
with, or without the particle ko.
§ 37. Use " ko,^^ when the praedicate is
either
1. A proper name, or personal pronoun,
a local noun (§ 7), or either of the
interrogatives watj or hea.
YII, Sentences without Verbs. 31
2. A common noun with any of the
definitives except he.
Examples.
Ko ia tenei, this is he,
Ko wai tona ingoa ? what is his name ?
Ko Hemi tona ingoa, his name is Hemi,
Ko toku whare tera, that is my house.
§ 38. Make a sentence without Jco when
the praedicate is either
1. (a) A common noun, (b) an adjective,
or (c) a verb in the infinitive, with the
indefinite article he.
2. (d) A noun, pronoun, verb, or adjec-
tive following a preposition.
In both these cases, the verb or adjective
is treated as a noun.
Examples.
(a) He wliare pai tera, that is a good house,
(6) He pirau enei knmara, these humara are rotten.
32 VIL Sentences without Verbs.
(c) He haDga i te whare te mahi a Hori, Son's
work is to build the house,
(d) Kei Tauranga a Turi, Turi is at Tauranga.
Mo raton tena wliare, that house is for them.
§ 39. When the prsedicate consists
of many words, the most emphatic word
generally stands alone in the place of the
prasdicate, the rest being placed after the
subject. This is the case when the praedi-
cate contains an explanatory or a relative
clause ; or a clause in any other way
dependent on the principal word. This
also accounts for the apparent reversing of
the positions of subject and pnedicate in
negative sentences, the negation being the
most prominent thing in such sentences.
Examples.
He tangata tenei no Akarana, this is a nian from
Aucldand.
Ko te tama tera a Turi, that is the son of Turi.
VII. Sentences without Verbs. 33
§ 40. (a) The negatives of sentences
with ho are always made with ehara %
ho being dropped.
Examples.
Aff, Ko ia tenei, this is he.
Neg, Ehara tenei i a ia, this is not he.
Aff. Ko te whare tera, that is the house.
Neg. Ehara tera i te whare, that is not the house,
(h) When the prsedicate in the corre-
sponding affirmative sentence is a common
noun, an adjective, or a verb with the
indefinite article he, the negative is made
with ehara.,.t\ and te is substituted for he.
Examples.
Aff. He whare pai tera, that is a good house.
Neg, Ehara tera i te whare pai, that is not a good
Jiouse.
Aff, He pirau enei riwai, these ^potatoes are rotten.
Neg. Ehara enei riwai i te pirau, these ^potatoes are
not rotten.
3
34 VIL Sentences without Verbs.
(c) When the prasdicate in the corre-
sponding affirmative sentence is a noun,
adjective, or verb, following a preposition;
— if the preposition is na or no^ the negative
is made with ekara...z^ and the preposition
is dropped.
Examples.
Aff, No Turi tera wliare, that house belongs to TurL
Neg, Ehara i a Turi tera wliare, that house does not
belong to Turi,
(d) If the preposition is ma or mo signi-
fying ybr, use ehara i te mea^ retaining the
preposition.
Aff, Mo Turi te wBare, the house is for Turi.
Neg. Ehara i te mea mo Turi te whare, the house is
not for Turi,
(e) If the preposition is Aez' signifying afy
or tn possession of, use kanaka^ retaining
the preposition.
VIL Sentences without Verbs. 35
Examples,
Aff. Hei te taha o te hnarahi te taiepa, let the fence
he at the side of the road,
Neg. Kanaka hei te taha, &c., let not the fence he,
Sfc.
{/) J£ the preposition is Jcei, or ^, signi-
fying at, or in possession of, use Jcahore for
the negative, with the preposition ^ only,
and never kei.
Examples.
Kei hea te hoiho ? Elahore i konei. WTiere is the
horse ? It is not here,
Aff, Kei a Turi to taxira, your rope is in Turi^s
possession,
Neg, Kahore i a Tnri to tanra, your rope is not in
Turi\s possession,
§ 41. Interrogative Sentences do
not diflfer in form from those which are not
interrogative. Those which are not essen-
tially such from the meaning of the words,
3 *
36 Vn. Sentences mthout Verhs.
are shewn to be so by the tone with which
they are uttered. Those which are
essentially interrogative are those which
contain an interrogative pronoun, as waij
hea^ tehea; an interrogative adjective, as
jpekea^ hia^ or an interrogative adverb, as
ianei^ hoia^ oii^ ranei.
Examples.
"Noil teiia potae, TJiat hat is yours.
'NovL tena potae ? Is that hat yours ?
KaHore o pnkapaka maka,. You have no hook for
me.
Kahore o pnkapnka makn ? Have you no hoohfor
me ?
Na wai tenei mara ? Whose is this cultivation ?
He kai ranei kei roto i te whare ? Is there any food
in the house ?
§42. The Time of these "sentences
without verbs " may, as far as the form of
the sentence is concerned, be past, present,
or future. When it is not shewn by the
essential meaning of any of the words it
yil. Sentences without Verbs, 37
must be gathered from the context. If no
clue to the time is given, what is said will
be understood in present time.
VIIL VERBS.
§ 43. Voice and Tense. The only
inflexion of the original form of the verb
is in the formation of the Passive Voice,
and consists in the addition of a Passive
termination to the Active form. (See § 51.)
Differences of Tense are denoted by
certain auxiliary particles, 6, ana^ Icua^ /,
yfca, the same form in each case serving
for all persons and numbers. Particular
attention must be given to the use of the
negative adverbs, which camiot be used
indiscriminately, and also to the fact that,
in the negative form of the Perfect, hua^ is
changed into Ida.
30 FIT. Sentences witJiout Verbs.
verb, is used to connect the praedicate with
its subject. This verb has no equivalent
in Maori, but its place is supplied by the
relative position of the different words in
the sentence.
§ 36. In aflSrmative Sentences, the
praedicate stands first, and the subject after
it ; and two nouns, or an adjective and
noun, placed in these relative positions
form a sentence although without a verb.
In negative sentences, this relative position
is apparently (§ 39) reversed.
Sentences of this kind are made either
with, or without the particle ko.
§ 37. Use " A;o," when the praedicate is
either
1. A proper name, or personal pronoun,
a local noun (§ 7), or either of the
interrogatives wat\ or hea.
VIL Sentences without Verbs. 31
2. A common noun with any of the
definitives except he.
Examples.
Ko ia tenei, this is he.
Ko wai tona ingoa ? what is his name ?
Ko Hemi tona ingoa, his name is Semi.
Ko toku whare tera, that is my house.
§ 38. Make a sentence without ho when
the praedicate is either
1. (a) A common noun, (5) an adjective,
or (c) a verb in the infinitive, with the
indefinite article he.
2. {d) A noun, pronoun, verb, or adjec-
tive following a preposition.
In both these cases, the verb or adjective
is treated as a noun.
Examples.
(a) He whare pai tera, that is a good house.
(h) He pirau enei kiunara, these humara are rotten.
30 FIT. Sentences without Verbs.
verb, is used to connect the praedicate with
its subject. This verb has no equivalent
in Maori, but its place is supplied by the
relative position of the different words in
the sentence.
§ 36. In aflSrmative Sentences, the
praedicate stands first, and the subject after
it ; and two nouns, or an adjective and
noun, placed in these relative positions
form a sentence although without a verb.
In negative sentences, this relative position
is apparently (§ 39) reversed.
Sentences of this kind are made either
with, or without the particle ho.
§ 37. Use " ^," when the praedicate is
either
1. A proper name, or personal pronoun,
a local noun (§ 7), or either of the
interrogatives wai^ or hea.
VIL Sentences witJiout Verbs. 31
2. A common noun with any of the
definitives except he.
Examples.
Ko ia tenei, this is he,
Ko wai tona ingoa ? what is Ms name ?
Ko Hemi tona ingoa, his name is Semi,
Ko toku whare tera, that is my house.
§ 38. Make a sentence without ho when
the praedicate is either
1. (a) A common noun, (5) an adjective,
or (c) a verb in the infinitive, with the
indefinite article he.
2. {d) A noun, pronoun, verb, or adjec-
tive following a preposition.
In both these cases, the verb or adjective
is treated as a noun.
Examples.
(a) He wliare pai tera, that is a good Iwuse,
(h) He pirau enei knmara, these kumara are rotten.
42 VIIL Verbs.
Kei kore ahaa e pnpuri, lest I should not hold.
(This negative is only used, in dependent sentences.)
§ 48. Imperative Mood.
Pnpuri ! or E pupuri ! hold !
Kaua e pupuri ! do not hold !
§ 49. Infinitive Mood. This is merely
the verb treated as a noun, always attended
by one or other of the definitives.*
Examples.
He aha tana ? He pupuri i to hoiho. What is his
[ohjecf] ? To hold your horse.
E haere ana ia ki te mahi, he is going to worh.
§ 50. Uses of Optative and Infinitive.
* The infinitive with the preposition Icei makes a
present imperfect indicative, and with the preposition
i a past imperfect indicative. Kei te pupuri ahau,
I am holding ; I te pupuri ahau, I was holding.
VIIL Verbs. 43
After words expressing eagerness^ desire^
intention to do anything, and after words
signifying go^ come^ stay^ &c., and after teach,
use the infinitive with the preposition ki :
after learn, use the infinitive with the
preposition i: but after words expressing
request, command, advice, consent, or per-
mission to another person to do anything,
use the optative.
Examples.
E-hiaLia-ana ratou ki te haere, they desire to go,
I-ki mai ia kia haere ahan, he told me to go, or he
^aid that I should go.
I-tuku ahau i a ia kia haere, I allowed him to go.
§51. Passive Voice. The passive voice
is formed generally by the addition of one
of the following terminations to the active :
-a, 'ta, "hia, -Ma, -mia, -ngia, via, ^tia, "whia,
-na, 'ina. No rule can be laid down which
termination is to be used with any given
44 VnL Verbs.
verb: some form the passive with one
only, others again with several ; the passive
termination, therefore, of each verb must
be learnt with the active.
Those verbs which have the first syllable
doubled in the active drop the repetition
in the passive ; thus pupuri becomes (not
pupuTttia^ but) puriiia.
§ 52. The Tenses of the different moods
in the Passive voice are formed in the same
way as in the Active, the passive form of
the verb being substituted for the active, —
puritia iov pupuri.
The Imperative Passive is not, like the
Imperative Active, confined to the second
person, but is more commonly used in the
first or third person, the command at the
same time being addressed to the second
person.
VIIL Verbs. 45
Example.
Puritia tenei pnkapuka ! he this hooh held \hy thee /]
i.e., hold this hooh I
§ 53. Transitive Prepositions, &c.
Every active verb is connected with its
object, or the thing acted upon, by either
of the prepositions t, or ki; some verbs
requiring one, some the other, and some
:again taking either. These prepositions in
some cases may be translated by an English
preposition 3 but in most cases they merely
represent the connexion between the verb
and its object, and may therefore be called
transitive prepositions.
Every passive verb is connected with the
agent by the preposition e, by.
Examples.
E matau ana aliau ki tana tangata, I know that
man.
46 Vin. Verbs.
E tiki ana ia i tana hoiho, he is fetching his horse,
1 maliia e wai ? hy whom was it done ?
§ 54. Uses of Active and Passive.
The Passive Voice is generally used
when the action is emphatic rather than
the agent^ and therefore in the case of
transitive verbs it is more frequently
required than the Active Voice. But when
a transitive follows an intransitive verb
expressing an action consequent upon it,
both verbs will be in the active voice.
Examples.
I mauria e ia te pxikapnka, the letter was taken hf
him, i.e., he took the letter,
Ka haere ahau ka man i taku pukapnka, I will go
and take my letter,
§ 55. Agent Emphatic. When special
emphasis is to be laid on the agent an
irregular construction is used, the preposi-
tion na being placed before the subject in
VIIL Verbs. 47
the past tense, and ma in the future. In
sentences of this kind the subject, being^
the most emphatic member of the sentence,
stands first, and the object either before or
after the verb, but without any transitive
preposition. This construction is not
properly used with neuter verbs.
ExilMPLES.
Naku i pnpnri tena tangata, or Nakn tena tangata
i pnpnri, I detained that man, i.e., it wa^ I wha
detained him.
Ma Hone e hanga he whare mon, or Ma Hone he-
whare mon e hanga, Hone shall build a hoiise for
you.
§ 56. Imperative Future. Another
irregular construction is that of the Im-
perative Future with me, in which the verb
is active in form but passive in sense.
Examples.
Me kawe e koe takn pnkapnka, you shall carry my
letter (or, my letter must he carried by you).
50 VIIL Verbs,
terrogative aha is used as a verb to ask
what a person is doing, or what is being
done.
Examples.
E-aha-ana ia ? What is Tie doing ?
I-ahatia te knri ? What was done to the dog ?
§ 61; Verbs ^ active in form, are often
used as adjectives in either an active or a
passive sense.
Examples.
He kararelie kai tangata, a heast that devours-
men.
He mea tahn te matamata ki te ahi, the point was-
burnt in the fire (literally was a thing burnt),
§ 62. In speaking of movements of
different parts of the body, the member
spoken of in each case is regarded as the
agent, and is spoken of or addressed as if it
were capable of independent action.
nil. Verbs. 51
Example^.
Hamama tou mangai, open your mouth.
Kna totoro tona ringa, he has stretched out Ms
hand.
§ 63. Doubling the di-syllabic root
of a verb gives it a frequentative force.
Doubling the first syllable only often gives
intensity; but sometimes it denotes red-
procal action.
Examples.
Kimo, winh the eyes.
Kimokimo, winh frequently.
Kikimo, keep the eyes firmly closed.
Patu, strike. Papatu, strike against one another;
clash.
§ 64. The Verb ai, " there is,'' ' it
is;' &c.
4 *
52 FIZT. Verbs.
Indicative Hood.
1. Imperfect.
E-ai ki tana, or E-ai tana according to hi$ [saying^
it is, i.e., he says.
E-ai ta wai ? who says so ?
2. Inceptiye.
Ka-aihe toki mana, there is an, axe for him^ i.e., he
has an axe.
Subjiuietive Mood.
1. Imperfect.
Me e-ai-ana lie toki, if there were an axe»
2. Future.
Ki te ai he toki, if there should he an a^e.
Optative Mood.
1. With « kia."
Kia ai lie toki, let there he an axe, i.e., when, or^ as
soon as there is an axe.
Vin. Verhs, 53
2.With"ke:.''
Kei ai lie toki, lest there should he an axe,
§ 65. The Verb " to have " having no
equivalent in Maori, its place is supplied by
the following expedients.
1. By the use of the possessive definitives
(§18) the time (present or past) being
gathered from the context.
Examples/
He hoiho tana, he has a horse, or, he had a horse*
E!ahore a Hemi hoiho, Semi has, or, had no horse.
2. By the use of the prepositions hei^
tj heij respectively for present, past and
future.
Examples.
Kei a au to pnkapnka, J have your hooJc, or, your
hook is in my possession,
Kahore i a an to pukapnJka, I have not your hook.
54 VIII. Verbs.
T a ia toku waka, lie liad my canoe,
Kahore i a ia te waka, he had not the canoe.
9
Hei a Hemi te knri, Semi shall liave tJie dog, or,
let Hemi have the dog.
Kauaka hei a Hemi te knri, let not Hemi have the
dog.
3. By using the verb ai (§ 64) followed
by the preposition ma or mo.
Examples.
Ka ai lie toki mana, he has an axe.
Me e ai ana lie hoiho mau, if you had a horse.
4. By using the adjective wJiai^ which
signifies possessing^ the thing possessed
being used as another adjective qualifying
what.
Kua wLai pukapuka koe ? have you a hook ? (literally
have you become booJc-^ossessing ?)
JX. Adjectives mid Participles, 65
IX. ADJECTIVES & PARTICIPLES*
WITH THE VERB SUBSTANTIVE.
§ 66. The place of the Substantive
Verb in connexion with Adjectives and
Participles, is supplied by treating the
adjective or participle as though it were a
verb. It will be seen by the following
example of the adjective ora, well^ in healthy
that the notion of hecoming^ which is
peculiarly characteristic of the inceptive
runs more or less through almost all the
tenses.
The imperfect tense, with e — ana is not
required with participles.
* By participles here are meant, not participles
derived from verbs, as in the European languages, but
a class of words of independent origin which can only
be rendered into English by participles. Such are oti,
completed; "smkoiySi,^ satisfied ; -p&u, consumed ; &c.
56 XX. Adjeetires and ParHctples.
§ 67. Indicative MoocL
1. Impebfect.
E-ora-ana ahan, I am tcelL
Kahore abau e-oia-ana, I am not well.
2. Pebfect.
Kna-ora ahan, I have hecome tcell.
Kahore ahau kia-ora, I have not hecome well.
3. Past ixdefixite.
I-ora aliau, J was well, or "became well.
Elihai ahau i-ora, I was not well.
4. FUTUBE.
E-ora ahau, I shall he (or hecome) well.
E-kore ahau e-ora, I shall not he (or hecome) well.
5. Inceptive.
Ela-ora ahau, I hecome, hecame, or shall hecome welt.
Ka-kore ahau e-ora, I hecoms not well.
§ 68. For the Subjunctive and Opta-^
tive moods refer to §§ 46 and 47.
IX. Adjectives and Parttcijples* 57
§ 69. Preposition t. Adjectives and
participles are followed by the preposition
i, by (not e, which belongs only to passive
verbs), to denote the agency or instru-
mentality by which the effect has been or
is to be produced.
Examples.
Kna ora ahau i to rongoa, I have hecome well hy
"means of your medicine,
Ka pan tana kai i te knri, his food is consumed hy
the dog.
§ 70. Explanatory Verb. Sometimes
a verb in the infinitive mood is added to a
participle or adjective by way of explana-
tion, and in that case the preposition will
be different according as the agent is placed
after the participle, or after the verb. If
after the participle, it will be t: if after the
verb, it will be e.
58 IX. Adjectives and Participles,
Examples.
Ka, pan te paraoa i te kuri te kai, or, Ka, pan to
paraoa te kai e te knri, the bread is eaten up by the
dog (is consumed by eating),
Nana aban i holioro ai te haere, it loas owing to Mm
that I travelled guicJcly (lit. that I was quick in
travelling).
X. RELATIVE CLAUSES.
§ 71. There are no Relative Pronouns
in Maori. Their place is supplied either
by the position of the words forming the
relative clause ; or by the personal pronoun
of the third person singular ; or again, by
the use of certain particles.
§ 72. Who, Which. When the relative
pronoun in English is the subject of the
relative clause :
X. Relative Glauses. 59
(a) The praedicate of the relative clause
may be placed immediately after the ante-
cedent without any expressed subject, and
may be followed by one of the adverbs — (1)
net. (2) na, or (3) ra, according as the thing
spoken of is connected with — (1) the speaker,
(2) the person spoken to, or (3) neither; but
if one of these adverbs is used, and the
verb is imperfect, "ana" must be omitted.
Examples.
Te tangata e hanga-whare ana, the man who is
liousebuilding,
Te hoiho i kitea e tana, the horse which was seen hy
you and me.
Te tamaiti i korero mai ra ki a tana, the hoy who
spohe to us,
(J) If the relative clause is past or future,
the construction mentioned in § 55 may be
used; the pronoun of the third person
singular serving j/br all persons and numbers.
60 X. Belattve Clauses.
Examples.
Te tangata nana i patu takn witi, the man who
threshed my wheat,
Ko nga tangata enei nana i tahn te ngaherc, these
are the m>en who set on fire the forest,
(c) If the relative pronoun has a common
noun joined with it, the definitive taua (pi.
aua) is used to represent it.
Example.
I noboia ra ana waHi e raton, which places were
occtipied hy them.
§ 73. Whom, or which. When the
relative in English is governed by a verb
or by one of these prepositions : Jy, cm, aty
in^ toitk^ hy-means'of^ on-account-of^ hy^
reason-of; the verb in the relative clause
is followed by r/e^*, na^ ra^ or az*, without a
preposition ; and in the imperfect tense ana
after the verb is omitted. Use ai only with
the past and future ; and with the present
X. Relative Clauses, 61
use nei^ na, or ra, according to the position
of the thing spoken of ; nez^ if it is near the
speaker ; na if it is near the person spoken
to ; and ra, if it is not near either.
Examples.
Te wliare e hanga na koe, the house which you are
building,
Te mea e raru ai ahaii, the thing hy means of which
I shall he perplexed.
Te "wai i tineia ai te ahi, the water with which the
fire was quenched.
Te kainga e noho nei a Rapata, the place at which
Hapata is now living.
§ 74. When the relative is governed by
the verb in the relative clause, the subject
of that verb, without being expressed
directly, may be implied in a possessive
definitive (§ 18) placed before the ante-
cedent.
62 X. Relative Clauses,
Example.
Tan tangata i karanga ai, the man whom you called
(for Te tangata i karanga ai koe).
§ 75. Inverted Construction. In those
cases in which the relative is governed by
the verb in the relative clause the construc-
tion may be inverted, by making the verb
passive (§ 54), with the relative as its
subject.
Examples.
Te whare e liangaa na e koe, the ho^ise which is being
huilt by you (for Te whare e banga na koe).
Te pnkapnka e korerotia na e koe, the hook which is"
being read by you (for Te pnkapnka e korero na koe).
I nolioia ra tana kainga e Kapata, which place wa^
occtipied by Bapata.
§ 76. Whose, for whom, &c. When
the subject of the relative clause is a noun
preceded by the possessive form of the
relative, use the possessive definitives tana^
(pi. and)^ fowa (pi. owa), or simply the definite
X. Relative Clauses, 63
article te. In other cases in which the
relative in English is possessive, or when it
is governed by any other preposition than
those enumerated in § 73, use the personal
pronouns of the third person with the
requisite preposition : but when that pre-
position is na^ or no^ or ma^ or mo^ use the
singular pronoun^r all persons andnumhers^
Examples.
He tangata kna whati nei tona waewae, a marih
whose leg is hroTcen.
Te waHine i kahakina ra te tamaiti, the looman
whose child was carried off.
Te iwi nona te whenna, the people whose the land is,
Te tangata i hoatn nei e ahan ki a ia te pnkapuka^
the man to whom I gave the hooJc,
§ 77. Whosoever. There is no equiva-
lent in Maori for the word whosoever: it
must therefore always be resolved into " the
man wko^^^ '"the persons who^^ ^Hf anyman^^
&c., but not into '' liewho^^ or " those who^
>64 X. Belative Clauses.
Examples.
Te tangata lie pnkapnka tana, whoever has a hook
(the man who, ^*<5.).
Nga tangata e matau ana ki te korero pnkapnka,
whosoever knows how to read {the men who, ^<5.).
§ 78. Whatever is often expressed by
the interrogative pronoun, aha^ thus :
Kahore he kai, kaliore lie aha ; there is no food
whatever.
XI. ADVERBS, &c.
§ 79. Position. The following adverbs,
tino, very; matua, first; and ata, gently^
qwite^ always stand before the words which
they qualify ; other adverbs after the
qualified words.
Examples.
He tangata tino pai, a very good rnan.
Kia matua rapua te toki, first let the axe he looJced
for.
He kino rawa tena, that is very had.
XL Acherhs, 8fc. 65
§ 80. Added Terminations. Other
adverbs, which have reference to the
Toanner^ intensity^ &c. of an action which
they qualify, have the passive termination
-fea added to them when used with passive
verbs, and the termination -tanga when
used with derivative nouns, which denote
the time^ place or circumstance of an action
or condition.
Examples.
I kainga ota-tia nga knmara, the Jcumara were eaten
raw.
Mo tana patanga pnka-tanga i a an, on account of
Ms secretly striking me.
§ 81. How in connexion with an adjective
is expressed by pehea^ the adjective being
treated as a noun (§ 27). In other cases it
is expressed by pehea used as a verb.
Examples.
Fehea te roa o te whare ? JSow long is the house ?
I peheatia e ia te waka i manu ai P How was the
5
C6 XL Adverbs, Sfc.
canoe [treated^ by hint that it floated ^ or, How did he
get the canoe afloat^
Ka pehea koe a tona taenga maiP How shall you
[^acf] on his arrival ?
I peKea mai ia ki to ki ? How did he [answer"]
what you said ?
Me pehea tenei ? How is this to be [treated'] ?
§ 82. When, as an interrogative, is
commonly expressed by no nahea for past
time, and a hea for future. To mark the
time of an occurrence, it is expressed by the
prepositions no and i for past time, and by
a and hei for future.
Examples.
No nahea ia i tae mai ai ? When did he arrive ?
A hea koe haere ai ? When shall you go ?
No toku kitenga i a ia ka homai e ia te pukapuka
ki a an. When I saw {At the time of my seeing) hiin,
he gave the hooh to me.
I taku korerotanga ata ki a ia i nanahi kihai i ki
mai tona waha. When I spoJce to him yesterday he
said noihi.ig,
Ka rokohanga ano a Hemi ki reira a ton taenga
atn. Hemi will be found there when you arrive there.
XL Adverbs, ^c. ^7
Hei te hokinga atu o TareHa ka haere mai ai koe.
When Tar elm returns you shall come,
§ 83. As soon as is expressed by au
elliptical use of the verb with one of the
adverbs tonu or hau for past time, and the
optative with kia for future.
Examples.
Tae tonn atu maton ki reira ka timata te korero.
As soon as toe arrived tJie sjpeahing began,
Bangona kautia mai abau e karanga ana ka om&
katoa ratou. As soon as I was heard calling they all
Q'an away.
Kia oti te whare ka noho ai ia ki roto. As soon as
the house isfinisJied he shall live in it.
§ 84. Why is expressed by he aha,
or by na te aha^ the verb being followed by
m. If referring to an object in view, use
Jie aha ; if to an antecedent moving cause,
use na te aha.
Examples.
He alia a Tnri i haere ai ki Taupo ? He tiki i tana
tamaiti. Why did Turi go to Taujpo ? To fetch his
child.
5 *
4
68 XL Adverbs, Sfc.
Na te aha ia i kore ai e tntnlri ki Waiapu ? Na
te waipuke. Why did he not reach Waiapu ? Because
of the flood.
§ 85. And is expressed by the following
different words :
1. a, used to connect consecutive actions
or circumstances, with the notion of the
lapse of time.
Hoe ana mai raton, a ka n ki Mokan. They rowed
hither and landed at MoTcau.
It may often be translated by " and at length," or
« nntil."
I kainga te paraoa, a pan noa. The hread was eaten
until it was qtiite consv/med,
2. we, properly signifying " with," and
denoting concomitancy.
Kei reira te mangumanga me te pene. There ia
the inh and the pen,
3. may used only with numerals (see
§ 28).
B ma tekau ma warn. Twenty-eight.
XL Ad/verlsy 8fc. 69
4. hohi^ introducing something addi-
tional, often to be rendered by " also/' or
**too/' and placed always after the first
important word in the sentence.
I patna nga tangata, i tahuna lioki nga wbare ki
te aliL The men were hilled^ and the houses were
burnt with fire.
5. To connect the names of persons the
personal pronouns are used (see § 12).
PAET n.
VOCABULARY.
As a general rule, accentuate tlie^r^^ syllable: bnt
in words beginning with whdka, accentuate the third.
A, art. he ; pi, he.
Able, to be, v, i. ahei.
Abode, n. kainga.
Above, prep, ki mnga i ;
kei mnga i ; i runga
i; hei mnga i. (See §
16.)
Absent, a. ngaro.
Abundant, a, nni ;
huhua.
Across, prep, ki tawahi
o.
Add together, v, t. htii-
hui; pass, huihuia.
Adult, n. kaumatua.
A. — Answer.
Afloat, a. mann.
After, prep, ki muri i ;
kei muri i ; i muri i ;
hei muri i. (See Pt, I,
§16.)
Afterwards, adv. muri
iho.
Again, adv. ano.
All, a. katoa.
Allow, V. t. tuku ; pa^s.
tukua.
Ancle, n. pona.
Angry, a. Tiri.
Another, a. tctahi atu.
Answer, v. t. whakahoki
Ansfoer — Barter.
71
kupn (followed hy
prep. ki).
Answer a call, v. i, wha-
kao.
-^y> ^/« tetabi ; pi.
etahi.
Appear (come in sight),
V. i. pnta.
Appearance, n. aboa.
Apple, n. aporo.
April, «, Aperira.
Arise, v.i. ara.
Arm, n.takakan ; ringa-
ringa.
Armj, n. tana.
Aronse, v. t. wbakaara :
pass, wbakaarabia.
Arrive, v. i. tae ; pass.
taea, he arrived at.
Asbes, n* pnngarebu.
Ask, 17. t. (pnt a ques-
tion), ni; pass, nia
(followed Vy prep*
ki).
Ask (one to do any-
tbing) ki, pass. kiia.
Ask for, V. t, tono ; paM.
tonoa.
Assemble, v. t. wbaka-
mine ; pass, wbaka-
minea.
Assemble, v, i. bnibni.
Attack, V. t. wbakaebe»
pa^s. wbakaekea.
Angust, n. Akobata.
Aunt, n. wbaea.
Antomn, n. ngabnrcu
Away, adv. atn.
Axe, n. toki.
Back, n. tnara.
Back of tbe bead, n.
kopako.
Bad, a. kino.
Bag, n. peeke.
Bald, a. pakira.
Bank of a river, n. taba-
taba.
Bark, n. biako.
Bark, v. i. tan.
Barter, v. t. boko ; pa^s.
bokoa.
72
Bathe. — Bog,
Bathe, v. i. kankan.
Battle, n, pakanga.
Bay, n. kokom.
Beak, n, ngnta.
Beard, n. pahan.
Beast, n. kararebe.
Beat, V. t, patn; pass*
patna.
Beatitiftil, a. ataahna.
Because, conj, no te mca.
Bed, n, moenga.
Before, jprep. ki mua i ;
kei mnai ; i mua i ; hei
inuai.(SeePt.I,§16.)
Beg, V. t, inoi ; pass.
iuoia.
Begin, v, t, timata; pass,
timataia.
Behind, prep, ki muri
i ; kei muri i ; i muri
i; hei muri i. (See
Pt. I, § 16.)
Behind, on the further
side of, ki tna o, kei
tua o, <&;c.
Believe, v. t. whakapono
(Jollowed by prep, ki);
pa^s. whakaponohia.
Belly, n. kopu.
Belt, n. whitiki.
Below, prep,, ki raro i»
kei raro i; i raro i;
hei raro i. (See § 16.)
Bend, v, t, whakapiko,
pass, whakapikoa.
Bend leg or arms, hu-
peke. (§ 62.)
Bend, v. i, piko.
Bent, a, piko.
Bird, n, manu.
Birth, n, whanautanga.
Bite, V. t. ngau ; pass.
ngaua.
Bitter, a, kawa.
Black, a, mangu.
Blind, a. matapo.
Blood, n. toto.
Blunt, a, puhuki.
Board, n, papa.
Boat, n. poti.
Body, ft. tinana.
Bog, n, hu.
Boggy'^Bush.
73
Boggy, a. tapokopoko.
Boil, v. i. koropupu :
V. t. koliTia ; pass,
koHnatia.
Bone, n, whena.
Book, n. pukapuka.
Bore, V, t. poka; jpcLss.
pokaia.
Bottom, the, n, raro.
(See Pt. I, § 7.)
Bow of a canoe, <&c., n.
ihu.
Box, n. ponaka.
Boy, n. tamaiti tane ; jpl.
tamariki tane.
Brain, n. roro.
Brancli, n, manga.
Bread, n. paraoa.
Break, v, U (a stick
&c.), whawbati; jpass,
whatiia (a cord,<&c.),
momotn; jpass, motn-
hia (in pieces) pakaru;
jpass, pakama.
Breast, n. nma.
Breast of a female, n, n.
Breath, n. manawa.
Breathe, v. u ta te
manawa. (Ex. ka ia
toku manawa, I
breathe.)
Bridle, n. paraire.
Bring, v. t. man mai;
pass, mauria mai.
Broad, a. whanui.
Broken, a. whati: motn:
pakaru. (See Break.)
Brook, n. manga.
Brown, a. pakaka.
Build, v.t. hanga; pass,
hangaa.
Bullet, n, mata.
Bullock, n. okiha.
Burden, n. pikaunga.
Bum, V. i. ka.
Bum, V. t. tahu; pass.
tahuna.
Bumt,2?ar^. wera ; Burnt
up, pau i te ahi.
Bury, V, t. tanu; pa^s,
tanumia.
Bush, n. uru rakau.
H
But — Clearing .
But, conj. otira ; after a
negative, engari.
Butt of a tree, w.putake.
Buy, V, t. Hoko ; pass.
hokoa.
By, pr^. 1. of agent,
after passive verbs, e :
2. of agent or iitstru"
ment, after neuter
verbs, adjectives, 8fC,,
i: 3. of direction, ma.
By and bye, adv. taiboa.
Gall, V. t. karanga; pass.
karangatia.
Calm, a. marino.
Can, V. i. abei (not fol-
lowed by a prepoBi-
tion).
Candle, n. kanara.
Canoe, n. -waka.
Carry, v. t. kawe ; pass.
kawea.
Carry, on the shoulders^
pikau ; pa^s. pikaua.
Carve, v. t. wbakairo.
Cask, n. kabo.
Catcb, V. t. bopu ; pass.
bopukia.
Cause, n. take.
Cautious, a. tupato.
Cease! Kati.
Cbain, n. mekameka.
Cbair, n. turn.
Charcoal, n. waro.
Cbase, V. t. wbaiwbai ;
pa*s. whaiwhaitia.
Cbeek, n. paparinga.
Chest, n. pobo.
Chicken, n. pi.
Chief, n. rangatira.
Child, n. tamaiti ; pi,
tamariki.
Chin, n. kauwae.
Choose, V. t. whiriwbiri;
pass, "wbiriwbiria.
Claw, n. matikuku.
Clean, a. ma.
Clear, v. t. (land by
cutting timber, &c.),
para ; pa^s. paraia.
Clearing, n. waerenga.
Climh— Gross.
75
Climb, v.u piki; 'pass,
• pikitia, he climbed t«p,
or over.
Clod, n. pai oneone.
Clothes, n, kakabn.
Cloud, n. kapna.
Clump (of trees) «.
motxL.
Coast, n, tabatai.
Coat, n. koti.
Cobweb, n, tnktitiiku
pmigawerewere.
Coil, v,t, pokai; ^pass,
pokaia.
Coil, n, pokai.
Cold, n, bnka.
Cold, a. matao.
Come, v,i, haei'e mai.
Command, v. t. wbaka-
ban ; pass, wbakabana.
Companion, n. boa.
Company, n, ropu.
Consent, v,t. wbakaae
(followed hyprep.la.) ;
pass, wbakaaetia, he
agreed to.
Consumed, part, pan.
Cook, V. t, tao; pass,
taona.
Cooked, a. maoa.
Cool, a. mataotao.
Cord, n. tanra.
Corpse, n. tupapaku.
Courtyard, n. marae.
Cousin, n. (a man's
male) tuakana ; teina ;
(a man's female) tua-
bine ; (a woman's
male) tungane ; (a
woman's female) tua-
kana ; teina.
Cover, n. (lid, Ac.) tau-
poki ; (cloth, &c.) bi-
poki.
Cover, V. t. taupoki ; pass.
taupokina : hipoki ;
pass, bipokina.
Cow, n, kau.
Creep, v. t. ngoki.
Cross, n. ripeka.
Cross, a. pukuriri.
Cross over, v. t. and t.
wbakawbiti ; pass,
wbakawbitia.
76
Crossing — Doorway.
Crosaing, n. katianga.
Cry, v.i. tangi (followed
by 'prep, ki) ; |xxm.
tangihia, he cried, for,
Gnltiyation, n. mahinga-
kai.
Cure, V. f. whakaoTa ;
pass, whakaorangia.
Current, n, au.
Cufc, v.t, tapahi; pass,
tapahia.
Cut short, a. mutu.
Dark, a, pouri.
Dash, v.t. aki; pa^ss.
akina.
Daughter, n. tamahine.
Daughter-in-law, w. hu-
naonga.
Dawn, n. puaotanga.
Day, n. ra, rangi.
Daylight, n, awatea.
Dead, a. mate.
Deaf, a. turL
Debt, n. nama.
Deceive, v. t. maminga ;
pass, mamingatia.
Deep, a. hohoxm.
Demand, v. t. tono ; pa$s%
tonoa.
Desire, v. t. hiahia, foU
lowed hy ki; pass..
hiahiatia.
Different, a. ke.
Dig, t;. t. keri; pass.
keria.
Dirty, a, poke.
Disappear, v. i. whaka*.
ngaro.
Disappear behind, v..u
nunumi.
Disbelieve, t;. t. whaka-
teka (followed hy
prep. Id).
Distant, a. tawhiti.
Dive for, v.t. ruku;.
pa^ss. rukuhia.
Do, V. t. mea; pa>ss.
meatia.
Do what? t;. t. aha?
pass, ahatia.
Dog, w. kurL
Door, n. tatau.
Doorway, n. kuwaha.
Down — Fast.
77
Down, adv, iho.
Drag, v. ^. to ; pass, toia.
Dream, n. moemoea.
Drink, v. t, inn ; ^pass,
innmia.
Drive, v,t, a ; ^pass, aia.
Drop, v. t. (as water)
matnmtnm; (as any-
thing solid) marere.
Drunken, a. liaurangi.
Dry, a. maroke.
Dnck, n. parera.
Dnst, w. pnehn.
Dwell, vA, noho; pass,
nolioia, he dwelt in.
Dwelling-place, n, kai-
nga.
Ear, n, taringa.
Earth, n, oneone.
East, n, rawhiti.
Eat,v.^.kai ; jpas^.kainga.
Eel, n, tuna.
Ebb, V. i, timu.
Elbow, n, tnke.
Embrace, v. t, awhi;
pass, awliitia*
Empty, a, takoto kau.
Enemy, n. hoariri.
Enlarge, v. t. wbakanni ;
pass, wbakannia.
Enter, v, t, tomo ; pass.
tomokia.
Equal, a, rite.
Evening, n, abiahia.
Eye, n, kanobi.
Eyebrow, n, tukemata.
Face, n, mata.
Faint, a. bemo.
Fair, without rain, a.
paki.
Fair, become, v, i. mac.
Fall, v,i, (from an up-
right position) hinga;
pass, hingaia, he fallen
upon.
Fall (as water), rere.
Fall (as a landslip, <fec.),
horo.
Fall ofF, taka.
False, a, teka.
Fast, a, tere.
Fast be (fixed), vA, mau«
?8
Farewelh — Flour,
Farewell! (if the person
addressed is going) ;
Haerera! (if remain-
ing), Hei kona !
Fat, n. ngako.
Fat, a. momona.
Father, n, papa.
Father-in-law, w. hunga-
wai.
Fear,i;.^. wehi (followed
hy jprep, ki) ; pass,
wehingia.
February, n, Pepuere.
Feed, v.f .whangai ; pass,
whangaia.
Female, a. wahino ; (of
animals) uha.
Fence, n, taiepa.
Fern, n, rau-anihe.
Fern-root, n. aruhe.
Fetch, V, f. tiki ; pass.
tikina.
Few, a. torutoru.
Fight, V, t, whawhai
{followed hy jprep.
ki) ; pass, whawhai-
tia«
Find, V. t. kite ; pass, ki-
tea.
Finger, n. maikara.
Finger-nail, n. maikukn.
Finish, v. t. whakaoti.
Finished, part. oti.
Finished (as a meal),
mutn.
Fire, n. ahi.
Firewood, n. wahie.
Firm, a. n.
Fish, n. ika.
Fish, V. t. hi ; pass, hiia.
Fish-hook, n. matao.
Flame, n. mnra.
Flash, as lightning, v. L
kowha.
Flat, a. pararahi.
Flax, dressed, n. muka;
whitan.
Flax-plant, n, harakeke.
Flesh, n. kiko.
Flexible, a. ngawari.
Float, V. i. manu.
Flock, n, kahni
Flood, n, waipuke.
Flonr, n. paraoa.
Flower — CHad.
79
Slower, n. pnawai.
Flj, n, rango.
Fly, V. i. rere.
Foam, n. huka.
Fog, n. kohu.
Fold, V, t. whakakopa-
kopa; pass, whaka-
kopakopaia.
Follow, V. t. whai ; pass.
whaia.
Food, n. kai.
Foot, n. waewae.
For, prep, mo ; ma.
Ford, n. kananga.
Forehead, n. rae.
Forest, n. ngahere.
Forget, V. t. wareware
ki.
Forgotten, part, ware-
ware.
Form, n. alma.
Former, a, to mna.
Fortified place, n. pa.
Fowl, n. mann.
Fresh, as water, ri.maori.
Friday, w. Parairei.
Friend, n, hoa.
Frighten, v. t. whaka-
wehi ; pass. whaka«
wehia.
Frightened, a. matakn.
Frost, n. huka.
Fmit, n. hua.
Fuel, n. wahie.
Full, a. ki.
Garment, n. kakahn.
Grateway, n. knwaha.
Gather (finit), v. t. ta-
horo ; pass, tahoroa.
whawhaki ; pass, wha-
kiia.
Gather together, v.t. hui-
hiii; pass, huihnia.
Gently, adv. ata.
Girl, n. kotiro.
Girth, n. whitiki.
Give, V. t. homai ; hoatu ;
pass, homai; hoatu;
(mai denoting direc-
tion toicards, &t\iatoaij
from the speaker).
Glad, a. koa.
80
Go — Heat,
Ck), V, i, liaere ; pass.
haerea, he travelled
over.
Go awaj; v. i. haere ata.
Go to and fro, v. i. kopi-
kopiko.
God, n. atna.
Gone, 'part, riro.
Good, a, pai.
Grandfather, or grand-
mother, n. tupana ; jpZ.
tupuna.
Grandson, 71. mokopuna.
Granddaughter, n. mo-
koptina.
Grass, n, patiti.
Gravel, n, kirikiri.
Grease, n, hinu.
Grey hairs, n, hina.
Grind, v, t. huri ; pa^s,
hurihia.
Groan, v. i, ane.
Gronnd, n. oneone.
Guide, V, t. arahi ; ipass.
arahina.
Guide, w.kai arahi.
Gun, n, pu.
Gunpowder, n, paura.
Hair of the head, i
makawe.
Hairs, w. huruhuru.
Hand, n, ringaringa.
Handkerchief, Ti.aikihi
Handle, n, purifcanga.
Handle of an axe, &c
kakau.
Hang, V. i. in.
Hang, V, t. whakairi
pass, whakairia.
Hard, a. pakeke.
Hat, n, potae.
Hatchet., n, patltl.
Have, V. t. see Part I, § 6^
Head, n, upoko.
Headache, n, anini.
Headland, n, rae.
Hear, v. rongo ; pas
rangona.
Heart, n. manawa.
Heart, seat of affection
ngakau.
Heart of a tree, iho.
Heat, n. wera.
Heaven — In.
81
Heaven, n. rangi.
Heavy, a. taimaha.
Heel, n. rekereke.
Height, n. tiketike.
Hence, adv. i konei.
Henceforth, adv. a mna
ake nei.
Her, jpron. tana, pi. ana ;
tona,jpZ. ona.
Herd, n. kahui.
Here, adv. Isi konei ; kei
konei; i konei; hei
konei; tenei.
Hereafter, adv. a mnri
nei.
Hide, v, t. hnna ; pass.
hunaa.
High, a. tiketike.
Hill, n. pnke.
Hindrance, n. mea hei
arai.
His, |?r(m. tana, pi. ana;
tona, pi. ona.
Hither, adv. ki konei.
Hoarse, a. whango.
Hold, V. t pupnri; pass.
pnritia.
Hole, n. ma.
Hollow, a. paare.
Holy, a. tapu.
Hook, n. matan.
Hoop, n. whiti.
Hope for, v, t, tumanako
(Jollowed by prep, ki) ;
pass, tmnanakohia.
Horse, n. hoiho.
Hot, a. wera.
Honse, n. whare.
How, adv. pehea.
Hanger, n. hemokai.
Hnngry, a. hemokai.
Husband, n. tane.
I, pron. ahan.
Idle, a. mangere.
If, conj. ki te mea ; me
he mea. (See Pt. I,
§46.)
Ignorant, a. kuware.
Impatient, a. whawhai.
In, pr^» ki roto i ; kei
roto i; i roto i; hei
roto i. (See Part I,
§16.)
6
82
Ink — Lust,
Ink, n, mangnmanga.
Inside, the, 91. roto. (See
Part I, § 7.)
Intend, v, t. wliakaaro.
Intention, n. wliakaaro.
Into, prep, ki roto ki.
Interpret, v, t, whaka-
maori; pass, wl^aka-
maoritia.
Interval, n, takiwa.
Iron, n. rino.
January, n. Hanuere.
Jaw, n. kaiiwae.
Join, V. t, Hono ; pass,
honoa.
Joint, n, pona.
Judge, n, kai whakawa.
July, n. Hurae.
June, n. Hune.
Just, a, tika.
Keep, V, t, (retain), pu-
puri ; pass, puritia ;
(take care of), tiaki ;
pass, tiaki na.
Kettle, n. tikera.
Kill, r. t patii; pass.
patua.
Kind, a. atawkai.
Kind, of that, a, pena ;
pera.
Kind, of this, a. penei.
Kind, of what, a.pehea.
Knee, n, turi.
Kneel, v. i, tutari.
Knife, w. maripi.
£[not, n, pona.
Knot of a tree, n. pnka.
Know, V. t. matau {foh
lowed by prep, ki) ;
pass, matanria.
Lace, V* t, tnitoi ; pa>ss.
tuituia.
Lame, a, kopa.
Land, n, whenua.
Land, v, i, u ki ata.
Landing-place, n. unga.
Language, n, reo.
Large, a. nui.
Last, a, whakamutu-
nga.
Last — Long,
83
Last night, adv. inapo,
nonapo.
Last year, tera tan.
Last week, tera wiki.
Latter, a. to muri.
Laugh, 17. i, kata ; jpasa.
kataina, he laughed
at.
Law, n. ture.
Laj, V, t, whakatakoto ;
pass, whakatakotoria.
Leaf, n, ran.
Leap, V. i, tnpeke.
Learn, v, t. ako; pass,
akona.
Leave, v, t, whakarere ;
pass, whakarerea.
Leave off, v, t, whaka-
mntn ; pass, whaka-
mntna.
Left, part, mahne.
Left hand, ringa mani.
Leg, n, waewae.
Length, n, roa.
Letter, n, pnkapnka.
Lest, conj, kei.
Lie, V, i, takoto.
Lie, n, korero teka.
Life, n. oranga.
Lift, V, t, hapai; paas.
hapainga.
Light, a. (not heavy),
mama.
Light, a, (not dark),
marama.
Light (a fire) , v. t, tahn ;
pass, tahnna.
Lightning, n. nira.
Like, a, rite.
Like, V, t, pai, followed
by ki ; pass, paingia.
Line, n, (cord), aho.
Lip, n, ngntn.
Listen, v, i, whakarongo
{followed hy prep*
ki).
Little, a, iti ; pi, ririki.
Liver, n, ate.
Living, a, ora.
Load (a canoe, <&c.), v.t»
nta; pass, ntaina.
Load, n. ntanga.
Lock, n, raka.
Long, a, roa.
6 *
84
Loolc — Mother-in-law.
Look at, V. t, titiro (fol-
lowed by prejp, ki);
jpcLss. tiroHia.
Loose, a. koFokoro.
Loosen, v, t, wewete;
^ass. wetekia.
Lost, a. ngaro.
Love, n. aroha.
Low, a. hakahaka.
Lower, a. to rare.
Mad, a. porangi.
Maize, n, kaanga.
Make, v. t. hanga ; j^ass.
hangaa.
Male, a. (Iitiinan), tana;
(of animals), toa.
Man, n. tangata.
Manner, n. ritenga.
Mannre, n, wairakan.
Many, a. maha.
March, n, Maehe.
Marry, v, t, marena;
jpass. marenatia.
Mat, for clothing, n,
kakahn.
Mat, to lie on, n, takapau.
May, n, Mei.
Mealy, a. mangaro.
Meaning, n, tikanga.
Medicine, n, rongoa.
Meet, V. t, tntaki (j
lowed hy prejp, ki),
Melon, n. kakariki.
Melon, water, merer
Melt, V. t. whakarei
2)a88. whakarewain
Middle, the, n. waen:
nni.
Midnight, n.waenga:
po.
Milk, n. wain.
Mill, n, mira.
Mine, pron. nakn.
Mind, n, hinengaro.
Mix, V, t. whakanai
2)ass. whakananua.
Monday, n, Manei.
Month, n, marama.
Moon, n, marama.
Mosqnito, n, waeroa.
Mother, n. whaea.
Mother-in-law, n, ]
ngawai-wahine.
Mouldy — Opetu
85
Mouldy, a, puru.
Mountain, n. maunga.
Month, n, mangai.
Move, v. t. neke ; pass,
nekebia.
Mud, n. pampam.
Muddy, a. pampam.
Mnrder, v. t, kohum ;
jpasa. kohnmtia.
My, j^ron, taku ; jpZ. aku :
tokn ; jil, okn.
Name, n. ingoa.
Narrow, a, "wliaiti.
Nation, n, iwi.
Near, a. tata.
Neck, n, kaki.
Nephew, n, iramutu.
Nest, n, kohanga.
Net, n. kupenga.
New, a. hou.
Next day, te aonga ake.
Niece, n, iramutn.
Night, n. po.
No, adv, kahore.
Noise, n. turitnri.
Noisy, a. turifcnri.
Noon, n.te poapontanga
o te ra.
North, n. raki.
North wind, haararo.
Nose, n. ihn.
Nofc, adv. kahore.
Not yefc, kiano.
November, n. Nowema.
Now, adv. aianei.
Oar, n, hoe.
October, n, Oketopa.
Of, jprep. a ; o.
Oil, w. hinu.
On, prep, ki runga i ;
kei ranga i ; i runga
i ; hei runga i. (See
Pt. I, § 15.)
One, a, kotahi.
Only, adv. anake.
Open, a. puare.
Open country, n. koraha.
Open, 17. t. whakapuare ;
pass, whakapuaretia.
Open (the mouth),
hamama. (See Pt. I,
§62.)
86
Open — Pleasant.
Open (the eyes), titiro.
(See Pt. I, § 62.)
Orpban, n, pani.
'Other, a, ke.
Others, a. etahi.
Outer, a, to waho.
Outside, the, n. waho.
Oyster, n. tio.
Paddle, n. hoe.
Pain, n, mamae.
Paling, n, wana.
Palm (of the hand), n,
kapu.
Pant, v. t. kahekahe.
Paper, n. pepa ; puka-
puka.
Parent, n. matua ; pL
matua.
Part, n, wahi.
Past, a. pahure.
Path, n, ara.
Pay for, v. t, utu ; pass,
utua.
Payment, n, utu.
Peace, n. rongo mau.
Mahe peace, I
rongo; pass, h
te rongo. Pea
madej ka mai
rongo.
Peach, n. pititi.
Peel, V. t. tihore ;
tihorea.
Pen, n. pene.
Perpendicular, a.
pou.
Perhaps, a&v. pea.
Pierce, v. t. poka ; '
pokaia.
Pig, n. poaka.
Pigeon, n. kukupa.
Pity, V. t. atawhai ; j
atawhaitia.
Place, n. wahi.
Place, V. t. maka ; j|
makaa.
Plain, n. mania.
Plain, a. marama.
Plait, V. t. whiri ; 2^
whiria.
Play, V. i. tataro.
Pleasant, a. ahuarel
Pleased — Quick.
87
Pleased, be, v, i. reka-
reka.
Pluck np, V, t. huhuti ;
pass, liutia.
Point, n. matamata.
Pole, n. toko.
Pool, n. roto.
Poor, a. rawakore.
Possessing, a. whai (the
thing possessed being
treated like an adjec«
tive qualifying whai),
whai pukapuka, hooJc*
possessing.
Possible, e taea (lit.
will be effected).
Post, n. pou.
Pot (for cooking), n.
kohua.
Potato, n. riwai.
Potato, sweet, n. ku-
mara.
Praise, v. t. whakapai;
pass, whakapaingia.
Pray, v. t. inoi ; pass.
inoia.
Precipice, n. pari.
Present, n. mea hoatu
noa.
Presently, adv. aku-
anei.
Price, n. utu.
Prick, V. t. wero ; pass.
werohia.
Prison, n. whare-here-
here.
Prisoner, n. herehere.
Pull, V. t. kukume ;
pass, kumea.
Pumpkin, n. paukena.
Push, V. t. pana ; pass.
panaa.
Put, V. t. maka; pass.
makaa*
Put together, v. t. hui-
hui ; pass, huihuia.
Put side by side, v. t
apiti ; pass, apititia.
Put out the tongue, v. i.
whatero.
Question, v. t. patai ;
pass, pataia.
Quick, a. tere; bohoro.
88
Quiet — Boot.
Quiet, a. ata nobo.
Bail (of a fence), n.
hnahiia.
Bain, n, na.
Eainbow, n. uenukn.
Raise, V. t. hapai; pass.
hapainga.
Ham, V. t, tuki; pass,
tukia.
Hat, n, kiore.
Haw, a. kaiota.
Heach, v, i, tutuki.
Head, v, t. korero (puka-
puka) \]pas8. korerotia.
Heceive, v, t, tango ;
jpaw. tangohia.
Hefuse, v. ^.wliakakino;
jpass, whakakinongia.
Heject, V. t. wliakarere;
pass, whakarerea.
Heligion, n, karakia.
Heniain,^.i.(in a place)
nolio ; (as a residue)
toe.
Hemainder, n, toenga.
Hemember, v. t. ma-
hara, followed hy ki;
pass, maharatia.
Reptile, n. ngarara.
Hest, 17. i. okioki.
Hetum, 17. t. hold.
Bib, n, rara.
Hicb, a. whai-taonga.
Bicbes, n. taonga.
Bider, n. kai eke hoiho.
Bight, a. tika.
Bight (hand), a. matau.
Bing, n, mowhiti.
Bipe, a. maoa.
Bise, V, i. ara (as the
sun) rere.
Biver, n, awa.
Boad, n. huarahi.
Boast) V. t, tunu ; pass,
tunua.
Bob, V, t. pahua ; pass.
pahuatia.
Bock, n. kamaka ; toka.
Bock, fiat, n. tuapapa.
Boll, V. t. huri; pass.
hurihia.
Boof, n. tuAnui.
Hoot, n. pakiaka.
Bope — Send.
89
Biope, n. taura.
Biotten, a. pirau.
Rough, a. taratara.
Bound, a. porotaka.
Koundabout, a. awhio.
Row, v,t, hoe ', pass, hoe&.
Row, w. rarangi.
Rub. V. t. muku ; pass,
mukua.
Run, V. i. oma ; pass.
omakia, he run for.
Rust, n. waikura.
Sad, a. pouri.
Saddle, n. nohoanga.
Sail, n, ra.
Salt, n. tote.
Sand-bank, n. tahuna.
Sand-fly, n. namu.
Sap (white wood), n.
taitea.
Sapling, n. kohuru.
Saturday, n. Hatarei.
Save, V. i. whakaora;
pass, whakaorangia.
Savoury, a. kakara.
Saw, n. kani.
Saw, V. t. kani ; pass.
kania.
Say, V. t. ki ; pass. kiia.
Scatter, v. t. titari ;
pass, titaria.
Scattered, be, v. i, ma-
rara.
Scrape, v. t. warn; pass.
waruhia.
Sea, n. moana.
Sea-water, wai tai.
Search for, v, t, rapu.
pass, rapua.
Seat, n. nohoanga.
Second, a. tuarua.
Secret, a. ngaro.
See, V. t, kite ; pass.
kitea.
Seed, n, purapura.
Seize, V. t. hopu; pass.
hopukia.
Sell, V. t, hoko ; pass*
hokoa.
Send, V, t. tono ; pass.
tonoa. (Not used of
sending inanimate
things, presents, ^c, :
90
Septernber — Sin.
in such casesuseho^ktfOLj
or homai.)
September, n. Hepe-
tema.
Servant, n. kai malii.
Set, V. i, (as the snn.)
to.
Set on fire, v. L tahn ;
pass, tahuna.
Sew, V. t. tnitni ; pass.
taitnia.
Shadow, n. ata.
Shady, a. marumaru.
Shake, v. i. oioi.
Shake, v. t. whakaoioi ;
pass, whakaoioin.
Shame, n. whakama.
Shape, n, ahua.
Shark, n. mango.
Sharp, a. koi.
Sharpen, v.^.whakakoi;
pass, whakakoia.
Shear, v. t. kutikuti ;
pass, kntikntia.
Sheep, n. hipi.
Shew, V. t. whakaatn ;
pass, whakaaturia. .
Shine, v. i. whiti.
Ship, n. kaipnke.
Shirt, n. hate.
Shiver, v. t. wiri.
Shoe, n. hu.
Shoot,!;, t. pupnhi ; pa
pnhia.
Short, a. poto.
Shot, n. hota.
Shoulder, n. pokohiv
(of a beast) peke.
Shout, V. t. hamama.
Shrivelled, a. ngingi(
Shut, V. t. pa ; pa
paia.
Shut the eyes, moe.
Sick, a. mate.
Sickness, n. mate.
Side, n. taha.
Side (of the body),
kaokao.
Sift, V. t. tatari; pa
tatariu.
Sight, out of, a. i
arc.
Silent, a. kupukore.
Sin, n. *hara.
Sing — Sow.
91
Sing, V. t, waiata; pass,
waiatatia.
Singe, V. t. hnnuhnniL ;
pass, hnnahnnna.
Single, a, kotahi.
Sink, V. i. totohn.
Sister, n. (a man^s)
tnaliine ; (a wovnarCs
elder) tnakana ; (a
woman^s younger)
teina.
Sit, V. i. noho ; pass,
nohoia, he sat upon.
Skin, n. kiri.
Skull, n, angaanga.
Sky, n, kikorangi.
Slap, V, t. papd,ki; pass,
pakia.
Slave, n. pononga.
Sleep, V. i, moe.
Sleepy, a. hiamoe.
Slip, V. i, paJieke.
SHppery, a. mania.
Slow, a. pahoi.
Small, a. nohinohi.
Smear, v, t. pani ; pass,
pania.
Smell, V, t, hongi; pa^s^
hongia.
Smell, n, haanga.
Smoke, n. aualii.
Smooth, a. maeneene.
Snare, n, kaha.
Snore, v. i. ngongoro.
Snow, n, hukarere.
So, a^, (in that manner)
pena; pera.
Soft, a, ngohengohe.
Soil, n. oneone.
Solo of the foot, n. rapa-
rapa.
Solid, a, maro.
Some, def, tetahi; pL
etahi.
Son, n. tama.
Son-in-law,n. hnnaonga*
Soon, ad, wawe.
Soot, n. awe.
Sorry, a, pouri.
Sort, n, tn.
Sound, n, tangi.
Sonnd, a. ora.
South, n, tonga.
Sow, V, t, mi; pass. ruia.
92
Space — Stretch,
Space, n, takiwa.
Spade, n. kahera.
Speak, V, t. korero ; pass.
korerotia.
Spear, n. tao.
Spear, v. t, wero ; pass,
werohia.
Spider, n. pnngaivere-
were.
Spittle, w. hnware.
Split, v-t.-wSLwahi; pass.
wahia.
Sprained, a. tani.
Spread, v. t. bora ; pass,
horahia.
Spi'ead, be, v. i. mahora.
Spi-ing (of water), n.
puna.
Square, a. tapawha.
Staff, n. tokotoko.
Stagger, v.i. hurorirori.
Stalk, n. kakau.
Stand, V, i, tu.
Star, n. whetu.
Start, V. i. olio ; (on a
journey) whakatika.
Stay, V. i. noho.
Steal, V. t. tahae; poM,
tahaetia.
Steep, a. poupon.
Stem, H, kei.
Stick, n, rakaru
Stick, walking, n. toko-
toko.
Stick, V. i. piri ; man.
Stiff, a maro.
Stink, c. i. piro.
Stir ronnd, v. t. korori-
rori; pass, kororiro-
ria.
Stocking, n. tokena.
Stomach, n. pnku.
Stone, n. kowhatn.
Stoop, V. i. tuohu.
Storm, n. tupnhi.
Straight, a. tika.
Strange, a. ke.
Strap, n. tan.
Straw, n. takakan.
Strength, n. kaha.
Stretch, 17. t. whaka-
maro ; pass, whaka-
marokia.
Stretch, out, v. u totoro.
Strike — There,
93
Strike, v. t, pata ; pass.
patna.
Strike with tlie fist, i;. t.
lueke ; jpass, mekea.
String, n. aho.
Stroll, V, i, haereere.
Strong, a. kaha.
Struck, be, v, %, pa.
Stumble, v, i, tutuki.
Stump, n. tumutumu^
Subside, v. i. mimiti.
Suck, V. L ngote ; pass.
ngotea.
Summer, n, raumati.
Summit, n, tihi.
Sun, n. ra.
Sunday, n. Batapu.
Surf, n. karekare.
Surly, a. pukuriri.
Swallow, V. t, h.0T0;pas8,
horomia.
Swamp, n. repo.
Sweat, n. kakawa.
Sweet, a. reka.
Swell, V. i, pupuhi.
Swift, a. tere.
Swim, V, I. kaulioe.
Table, n. tepu.
Take, v. L tango ; pass,
tangohia.
Talk, V. I. koi'ero ; pass^
korerotia ; be talked
about.
Tall, a, roa.
Tame, a. rata.
Teach, v. t, whakaako ;
pass, whakaakona.
Tear, n, roimata.
Tear, v, t, hz^hsi^; pass,
haea.
Tell, V. t, (narrate) ko-
i*ero ; pass, korerotia :
(bid) ki ; pass, kiia.
Than, conj, i.
That, def. tena ; tera ;
taua. (See Pt I, §
21.)
The, art, te, pi. nga.
Then, adv,i reira; .ko
reira.
Thence, adv, i reira; i
kona ; i ko. (See Pt.
I. § 7.)
There, adv, ki reira;
94
TJcicJc—To-ntght.
kei reira; i reira; hei
reira ; ki kona, Ac. ;
ki ko, &c. (See Pt. I,
§§7 and 15.)
Thick, a. matotom.
Thief, n. tahae.
Thigh, n. huha.
Thin, a. rahirahi.
Thine, pron. nau.
Thing, n. mea.
Think of, v, t, mahara
(followed hyprep, ki) ;
pass, maharatia.
Thirst, n. matewai.
Thirsty, a, hiainn.
This, def. tenei; pi, enei.
Thither, adv, ki kona ;
ki ko; ki reira. (See
Pt. I, § 7.)
Thorn, n, koikoi.
Thread, n, miro.
Throat, n, korokoro.
Through, go or come
through, V, i. puta.
Throw, V, t, maka ; pass.
makaa.
Thumb, n. koromatua.
Thunder, n, whatitiri.
Thursday, n, Taitei.
Thus, adv. penei.
Thy, def. tau ; pi. au :
tou ; pi, ou : to ; pi.
o. (See Pt. I, § 22.)
Tide, n. tai ; flood tide,
tai pari ; ehh tide, tai
timu.
Tie, V. t. here ; pass.
herea.
Tight, a. kiki.
Tighten, v. t. whaka-
kiki ; pass, whakaki-
kitia.
Time, n. taima. In
time, wawe.
Tip, n. matamata.
Tobacco, n. tupeka.
To-day, ac?v.aianei; ina-
ianei ; nonaianei.
Toe, n, maikara.
Together, adm, tahi.
To-morrow, adv, apopo.
Tongue, n. arero.
To-night, adv, hei tenei
po.
Tooth — Vein,
95
Tooth, «. niho.
Top, the, w.runga. (See
Pt. I, § 7.)
Torch, w. rama.
Tom, a. pakam.
Tough, a. uana.
Town, n. taone.
Trample on, v, t, takahi;
pass, takahia.
Translate into Maori,
V, t. whakamaori ;
pass, Tvhakamaoritia.
Travellers, company of,
n, ope.
Tree, n. rakau.
Tremble, v, i. wiri.
Trench, n, manga. !
Trouble, n. raruraru.
Trousers, n. rautete.
True, a. pono.
Try, V, t. whakama-
tau; jpasfi.'whakama-
tauria.
Tuesday, n, Turei.
Turn, V. t. huri; pass.
hurihia.
Turn aside, v, i, peka.
Twilight, n. kakarauri-
tanga.
Twins, n, mahanga.
Twist, V. t. whirl; pass.
whiria.
Udder, n, u.
Uncle, n, matua keke.
Under, prep, ki raro ki ;
Id raro i ; kei raro i ;
i raro i; hei raro i.
(See Pt. I, § 16.)
Understand, v, t kite ;
pass, kitea : mohio ;
pass, mohiotia.
Untie, V. t. wewete ; pass.
wetekia.
Utter, V. t. whakapuaki ;
pass, whakapuakina.
Upper, a. to runga.
(See Pt. I, § ?.)
Upset, V. i. tahuri.
Valley, n. awaawa.
Value, equivalent, n.
ritenga.
Vein, n. uaua.
96
Very — Which.
Very, adv, tino; rawa.
(See § 79.)
Village, n, kainga.
Voice, n. reo.
Vomit, v,t, ruaki; pass.
raakina.
"Wade, V. i. kau.
Wait for, v. t, tatari {fol-
lowed by prep, ki) ;
pass, taria.
"Walk, V. i. haere.
Walk about, v. i. hae-
reere.
War, n. riri.
Warm, a. maliana.
Wash, V. t. lioroi : pass.
horoia.
Water, n. wai.
Wave, n. Bgam
Way, n. ara.
Weak, a. ngoikore.
Weary, a. ngenge.
Weather, fine, rangi
paki.
Weather, bad, rangi
kino.
Weave, v. f . whatu; pa^s,
ivhatiia.
Wedge, n. ora.
Wednesday, n. Wenerei-
Weed, n. otaota.
Week, n. wiki.
Weep, V. i. tangi ; pass.
tangilua, he wept for.
Weigh, V. t. panna ; pass.
paunatia.
Well (in health), a. ora.
West, n. nru.
West wind, hananm.
Wet, a. maku.
Whale, n. tohora.
"What, pron. aha.
Wheel, n. wiira.
When? adv. {pa^t), no-
nahea; inahea"; {fu-
ture) a hea. (See Pt.
I, § 82.)
"Whence ? adv. i hea ?
Where ? adv. ki hea ?
kei hea ? hei hea ? i
heap
Which? def tehea? pi.
eheaP
Whip — Young.
97
Wiiip, n. wepn.
Whistle, V, i, whio.
Whither? at^i;, kihea?
ko hea ?
Why ? adjv, he aha ? na
te aha ? (See Pt. I,
§84.)
Wife, n, wahine.
Wild, a. maka.
Wind, n, han.
Winding, a. awhiowhio.
Wing, n, parirau.
Wink, V. i. kimo.
Winter, n, hotoke.
Wipe, V, t, ukxii ; pass.
nknia.
Wish for, V, t. hiahia
(^followed hy prep,
ki) ; pass, hiahiatia.
With, prep. ki.
Woman, n. wahine.
Wood, n. rakau. (See
Forest.)
Word, n. kupu.
Work, V. t. mahi 5 pass.
mahia.
Worth, see value.
Wounded, a. tu.
Wrap, V. t. takai ; pass.
takaia.
Write, V. t. tuhituhi ;
pass, tuhituhia.
Wrong, a. he.
Yawn, V. i. tuwaharoa.
Tear, n. tau.
Yes, adv. ae.
Yesterday,ac?v. inanahi ;
no nanahi.
Young, a. tamariki.
Young of animals, n.
kuao.
APPENDIX.
L
Oome here.
Open your eyes.
Open your mouths
Stretch out yourjtiand.
Bend your leg.
Sit down.
Lie down.
Stand up.
Give me your hand.
Turn round.
Go back again.
Stand there.
Go away.
Haer3 mai.
Titiro on kanohi.
Hamama tou waha.
Totoro tou ringaringa.
HupQke tou waewae.
E noho.
Takoto ki raro.
Whakatika.
Homai tou ringaringa,
Tahuri.
Haere, e hoki.
Tu mai i kona.
Haere atu.
What is that ?
A letter to you.
II.
He aha tena ?
Ho pukapuki ki a koe.
u
From whom ?
From Turi.
Who bionght it ?
Tills man who site here.
When will he return ?
I do not know.
Yon had better ask him.
Friend! when shall yon
return?
Early to-morrow morning.
Will yon take my letter ?
Give it to me this evening.
Why are yon in such a
hurry to go ?
Lest I should be prevented
by the tide.
I shall not be long writing.
Where is the gun ?
What for ?
Did you not bring it ?
No.
Here is my letter.
Good bye !
Good bye !
Na wai?
NaTuri.
Na wai i man mai ?
Na te tangata e noho nei.
A hea ia hoki ai ?
Ana.
Me ui atu ki a ia.
E hoa! a hea koe hoki
ai?
Apopo, i te ata.
Man e man taku puka-
puka ; ne ?
Me homai akuanei i te
ahiahi.
He aha koe i porangi ai ki
te haere ?
Kei araia ahan e te tai.
E kore e roa taku tnhituhL
Kei hea te pn?
Hei aha ?
Kihai i mauria mai e koe ?
Kahore.
Tenei taku pukapuka.
Haere ra!
Hei kona !
Ul
in.
Friend ! E hoa !
How do yoTL do ? Tena koe !
Will yoTL not go as a com- E kore koeehaere hei h.oa
panion f or me ? moku?
To what place ? Ki tea ?
To the Wairoa. Ki te Wairoa.
When shall you go ? A hea koe haere ai ?
To-morrow. Apopo.
How long shall jou remain Pehea te roa o tou noho ki
there. reira ?
I shall return after three Kia torn nga ra ka hoki
days. mai ahau.
I will go with you. Ko taua e haere.
Are there no horses here ? Kahore he hoiho o konei ?
There are horses ; strong He hoiho ano ; he mea
ones to travel. kaha ki te haere.
Whose is the white horse ? !N"a wai te hoiho ma ?
Turi's. Na Turi.
Where is he ? Kei hea ia ?
Yonder. Kei ko.
Call him. Karangatia.
Here he comes. Tenei te haere mai nei.
Turi ! will you not let me ETuri! E kore koe epaiki
have your white horse ? to hoiho ma nei ki a au?
This other one is the Ko tenei ke te mea kaha.
strongest.
Where is the saddle ? Kei tea te nohoanga ?
It is in the house. Hon Keitewhare. Ma Hori e
will fetch it. tiki.
Yon may bring it to me in Man e arahi ake i te ata.
the morning.
Have yon had anything to Kna kai koe ?
eat?
Yes. Ae.
Yon can carry this. Man tenei e man.
Give it to me then. Homai ra.
Where is the ford of this Kei heatekanangao tenei
river ? awa ?
The ford is higher np. Kei roto te kananga.
Is it shallow ? He papakn ranei ?
We had better go by canoe. Me na mnga tana i te waka.
Is there a canoe here ? He waka ano tenei?
The canoe is a little lower Kei waho tata atn ra te
down. waka.
Let ns get something to Kia kai tana ka whaka-
eat, and then cross over. whiti ai ki tawahi.
Tie np onr horses. Herea a tana hoiho.
Fetch me some water. Tikina he wai mokn.
This canoe is very small. He nohinohi rawa tenei
waka.
Pnt the horses across and Whakawhitia nga hoiho
then fetch me. ka tiki mai ai i an.
It is going to rain. Meake ka na.
Let XLS stay liere till the Kia nolio tana ki konei
rain is over. kia mntn te na.
It is fair now. Let ns go Ka mao. Kia haere tana.
on.
What place is tliis ? Ko hea tenei ?
It is getting late. We had K[a po te ra. Me noho
better stay here. tana ki konei.
Where is the tether rope Elei hea te tanra hei here
for my horse ? i takn hoiho ?
It has been left at home. Kna mahne ki te kainga.
Here is another. Tenei ano tetahi.
IV.
Let ns go to Waiheke. Tatonka haere kiWaiheke.
Call Hemi and Hori to go Karangatia a Hemirana ko
with us. Hori hei hoa mo tana.
Lannch the boat. Toia te poti.
The boat is afloat. Ka mann te poti.
Fetch the oars. Tikina nga hoe.
Leave the sail: there is Waiho atn te ra: he nni
too mnch wind. no te han.
There is too mnch sea for E kore taton o whiti i te
ns to get over. ngarn.
The boat will be full of Aknanei ka ki te poti i ta
water presently. wai
VI
Bale ont the water. Taia te wai.
TTe will land here. Me whakaute poti ki konei.
There is a fair wind to go E tika ana te han mo te
back with. hokinga ata.
Set the sail. Whakaarahia te ra.
It is low water. Kna timu te tai.
Keep ontside lest we Waiho i waho, kei eke
shonld get aground on taton ki te tahnna.
the sandbank.
Take down the sail. Tnrakina te ra.
Drag up the boat on shore. Toia ake te poti ki nta.
V.
What have yon got ? He aha tan ?
Haven't yon a pig ? Elahore o poaka ?
Is it fcr sale ? Mo te hoko ?
What is the price ? He aha te ntn ?
That is too much. He nni rawa tena.
Have you any maize for He kaanga tan mo te
sale ? hoko ?
Bring it to-morrow. Me man mai apopo.
What do yon want for He aha tan i pai ai hei
it ? ntu ?
What about your debt ? Me aha to nama ?
Bring some potatoes to Mauria mai he riwai hei
settle it. whakarite.
vu
Have yon no more maize ? Heoi ano o kaanga ?
Xoa had better bring Me man mai ano etahi.
some more.
Bring it bere to be Homai ki konei kia panna-
weigbed. tia.
Your debt is not qnite Kabore ano kia ata rite to
paid off. nama.
Will yon not come bere E kore koe e baere mai k£
to work ? konei ki te mabi ?
Yon can come to-morrow. Me baere mai apopo.
Wbat work am I to do ? He aba te mabi makn ?
Fencing. He banga taiepa.
Wben tbe fencing is done, Elia oti te taiepa ka keri
jon can dig a ditcb. ai i te awakeri.
VI.
Wbat is your name ? Ko wai ton ingoa ?
Do you live bere ? Ko ton kainga tenei ?
Wben did yon come to Nonabea koe i tae mai ai
live bere ? ki konei noho ai ?
Are you married ? He wabine tan ?
Have yon any cbildren ? He tamariki au ?
How many ? Tokobia ?
Where are they ? Kei hea ?
Are they at school ? Kei te knra ?
8
Till
Wher^ is the scliool P Kei hea te knra ?
How many years has there Ka Hia nga tan o te knra
been a school here P ki konei P
Do yonr children know Ka mohio ranei an tama-
how to read ? riki ki te korero pnka-
pnka?
Do they understand Eng- Ka mohio ranei ki te reo
lish ? pakeha P
Who is the teacher P Ko wai te kai-whakaako P
Did yon bnild the school- Na konton ano i hanga te
honse yonrselves P Whare knra P
Where is the chnrch P Kei hea te whare-kara-
kiaP
Is there a clergyman He minita ano kei konei e
living here P noho ana P
What is his name P Ko wai tona ingoa P
How many children are Tokohia nga tamariki i te
there in the school P knra P
VII.
What do yon want P He aha taup
I am come for some medi- I haere mai ahaa ki tetahi
cine for my child. rongoa mo takn tamaiti.
Where is he lying P Kei hea ia e takoto ana P
At my honse. Kei tokn whare.
How old is he P Ka hia ona tan ?
When was he taken ill ? Nonahea ia i pangia id ?
On Snndaj. Fonr days No te Batapn. Ka wh&
ago. enei ra.
What is the matter with He aha tona mate ?
him?
He has headache, and is He anini, he nni hoki ie
very feverish. kirika.
Has he mnch pain ? He nni ranei tona mamae ?
Why did yon not come He aha koe i kore ai e
the day before yester- haere mai i tetahi ra ?
day?
1 did not know that he Kihai ahan i mohio kei te
was sick. mate ia.
It was last night that I No te po nei i korerotia
was told of it. mai ai ki a an.
Where do yon live ? Kei hea ton kainga ?
Is it far away ? Kei tawhiti ranei ?
I had better come and Me haere ahan kia kite i
see him. a ia.
Xon mnst wait for me, Me tatari koe ki a an ;
as I do not know the kahore hoki an e mohio
way. ki te ara.
Here is the medicine for Tenei te rongoa mona.
him
Give one table- spoonful Me taki-kotahi te pnnu
.' at a time, three times nni; kia torn whangai-
a day. tanga i te ra..
Toa can come again to- Me liaere ake ano koe
morrow to fetch some apopo Id te tiki i tetahi
more medicine. atn longoa.
I will come again, and Ka lioki mai ano ahan kia
see liim the dar after kite i a ia a tetahira.
to-morrow.
How is the sick perscm Kei te aha ie tmoro i
for whom medicine was tikina ai he rongoa i te
fetched on Wednesday ? "Wenerei ?
He is welL He is gone £[a ora. Kna riro ki te
to work. mahL
How is jonr son to-day ? Kei te aha to tamaiti inai-
anei?
He is better. Kna ngawari tona mate.
Has he a good appetite ? He nxii tona hiahia ki te
kai?
Yon may leave ofE giving Me whakamntn te whan-
him the medicine. gai i a ia ki te rongoa.
I shall not come to see Ka mntu takn haere mai
him any more. kia kite i a ia.
vin.
When did yon arrive ? Wo nahea koe i tae mai
ai?
Yesterday. "No nanahi.
Where did you come from I haere mai koe i hea
yesterday ? i nanahi ?
When did you start from No nahea koe i whakatika
Taupo ? mai ai i Taupo ?
How long have you been Po hia koe ki te huarahi ?
on the road ?
Three days. Po torn.
At whose house did you I moe koe ki te whare o
sleep last night ? wai inapo ?
Have you no companions ? l^ahore ou hoa ?
I have two companions, Tokorua oku hoa i mahue
whom I left at Tara- i a au ki Tarawera.
wera.
Will they be here to-day ? Akuanei ranei raua tae
mai ai ?
They will probably not be E kore pea raua e tae
here soon ; because one wawe mai, no te mea
is sick. he mate tetahi.
You must be hungry. Kei te hemo-kai pea koe.
The food will soon be Meake ka maoa te kai.
cooked.
Do you not eat mutton ? Kahore koe e kai i te hipi ?
I prefer the fish. Engari te ika.
Is there no bread ? Kahore he paraoa.
Here is the bread. Tenei te paraoa.
Give me some salt. Homai he tote maku.
Here it is. Tenei.
Pour me out some water. Ringihia mai he wai moka.
I am very thirsty. He nui toku mate wai.
Would you not like some Katore koo e pai ki te
peaches ? pititi.
What is that on the dish ? He aha tena i runga i te
rihi?
It is taro. He taro.
I have never eaten taro. Kahore ano ahau kia kai
noa i te taro.
Give me some. Homai etahi maku.
Does this grow here ? E tupu ana ano tenei ki
konei ?
It is very nice. Ka nui te reka.
You will sleep here to- Me moe koe ki konei i
night. tenei po.
Do not keep me : I want Eiauaka ahau e piiritia : he
to get home. hiahia noku kia tae ki
te kainga.
The road to Takapau is He kino te huarahi ki
bad. Takapau.
Which is the bad part ? Ko tehea te wahi kino ?
It is very muddy, and the He .nui te paruparu, kua
bridge is broken. pakaru hoki to pereti. J
Never mind. I must go. Ana atu. Mo haere tor.u
au.
Whenshall you get home? Ahea koe tie ai ki te
kainga ?
To-morrow. Apopo.
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