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4 62 .543./0
HARVARD
COLLEGE
LIBRARY
roa dhe bast Ju the National Museum, Naples
° : THE
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF
HOMER’S ILIAD
wire
IntRopucTION, COMMENTARY, AND VOUABULARY
FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS
BY
THOMAS D. SEYMOUR
Hu.aouse Paoyesson or Gurrx 1x Yate COLLEGE
REVISED EDITION
GINN & COMPANY
BOSTON - NEW YORK - CHICAGO . LONDON
Copynianr, 1689, 1901, 1908
By THOMAS D. SEYMOUR
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
28.2
The wt Dress
GINN © COMPANY « PRO-
PRIETORS » BUSTON “USA
INDEX TO THE INTRODUCTION
Bibliogeaphienl Nowe p. ecrw.
Hooks, Division into, § 10 fe
Bucolic Dincrests § 54 A.
Cacsural Pauses § 08.
Change of meanings § 17.
‘Chihiuamus § 16.4.
Compurinon of Adjectives § 40,
Coniparisons § 14.
‘Conjugation of Verbs §§ 43-64.
Consonants § 9,
Contanet Vertes § AT.
Contmetion § 24.
Cranin § 26,
Daotyle § 87 0.
Declension of Nouns $f 35-30
Dinteet, General Remarks, § 22.
Digamma § 32
Direct Dimourse § 11 e.
Bilision § 28.
Epaalepsis § 16 8.
Bpexngesis § 12 «
Epic Pootry § 1.
Epithets § 12 4.
Family Trees § 7 ¢.
Feminine Cacmura § 9, a.
Firat Aorist § 48.
Firat Declenslon § 4.
Future § 48.
Ganitive Absolute § 19, 9.
Greek Karows § 7d.
Heccametar Vero § 57.
Hianux § 27.
Homeric Hymns § 2.
‘Homeric Question’ § 1a
ly
‘Hysteron Proteran § 16f.
iad, Action of, according to days, $1 ¢.
Riad, Analysis of, § 7a.
is its in Heaamoters, § Td.
Riad, Stary of, §
Iterative Forma § D4.
Lite in the Homeric Age § 4.
Litotos § 1 ¢
Map of Homerie Grooce, after Text.
Map of Trond, just bofore the Text.
Maseuliny Cawura § 88 6, @.
Metathesis § 3.
arvana § 52,
Middle Voteo § 60.
Numorals § 4.
Odysaey, Analysis of, § 10,
Odysery, Story of, §
Optative Mode § 4 6, c.
Onder of Words § 11 A.
Parataxts § 21
Purochoais § 13.
Particles § 20.
Passive Voice § 51.
Patronymics § 29.
Perfoot Tonse § 40,
Poripheasis § 16 d.
Prepoxitions §$ 10 ¢,
Pronouns § 42
Quantiey § 59.
Raduplieation § 43.
Second Devlension § 35.
Special Giese Bodin § 83,
Spondecs § ST «, e.
Btercotyped Expressions § 12/1.
Style §11.
Subjunetive Mode § 45.
Bynizosis § 25,
Synonymous Exprosions § 12 d.
Syntax § 18,
Third Deolension § 30.
1 War, Story of, §§ 3-4
Verbs Budings § 44.
Verve § 07,
Vowels § 23.
Zouzwn § Ure,
vi INTRODUCTION §la.
with the plan of composing a poem of 15,693 verses (like the Iliad),
or of 12,110 verses (like the Odyssey), but, finding that his theme
‘was popular and admitted of indefinite expansion, he would natu-
rally develop what had been only indicated before, ‘hus the Books
‘of the J/iad doubtless were not composed in the order in which
they stand in our texts, ‘The first part of the First Book must
have been the earliest composed, for that ix the basis of the whole
poem; but Books I1-VI (and still more, Books VII-X) may have
been composed after Book XI, in order to fill up the details of the
story. So in the Odyssey, the First Book is the general introduo-
tion to the rest of the poem, although scholars are not agreed in
believing that it is now in its original form; but Books II-TV
(the Telemachia), which contain an account of the journey of
Odysseus’ son Telomachus to the homes of Nestor and Menelaus
in the hope of obtaining tidings of his long-absont father, may very
likely have been part of an independent poem, or at least may have
been composed after Book V. Doubtless, details were sometimes:
filled in later. The reciter of five or six hundred lines might pre-
fix or affix a few verses which would make his recitation seem
more complete in itself, or he might insert what would make this
more suitable to tho special occasion, Tho Aloxandrian critics
believed that the original Homeric close of the Odyssey was with
the 296th verse of the Twenty-third Book, and critics have thought
the last two Books of the iad, like the last part of the Odyssey,
to be of later composition.
‘Tho beginner need not (and should not) be disturbed by ques-
tions ag to the diverse authorship of different parts of the Jiad.
‘The subject is exceedingly complicated, and cannot be studied
profitably until the student is perfectly familiar with the entire
poem, and with similar literature in other languages, The student
should strive to enjoy and appreciate the Homeric poems, — not
to analyze them.’
1 Tho famous ‘Homorie Question,’ as to the composition of the Homerls
pooms, — whether hey were merely the remnants of the songs of many bards,
or the creations of a single poetic genius, — was first treated in a solantific way
by 4 German scholar, Friedrich Angast Wolf, in his Prolegomena ad Tomerum,
in 1705, He claimed that che Ziad and the Odyssey were not the work of one
viii INTRODUCTION pb.
b. Scholars now do not ask where Homer was born,’ but rather
whore Greek epic poetry had its rise. The Muses were ‘Pierian
Masos,’ "OAvpria Sdpar’ xovew, and their earliest home scoms to
have been on the slopes of Mt. Olympus, in Pierian Thessaly,
Thence epic poctry was carried by the Aeolian Grocks to Asia
Minor, where it was adopted and perfected by the Tonians. The
Homeric Poems still contain many Aeolic forms in words and
phrases for which the Tonians had no metrical equivalent. The
‘Acolic form has been disposod to persist particularly in proper
names,
No one can tell the exact date of the composition of the
Homeric Poems. Probably they were essentially in their present
form as early as the Highth Century no. Herodotus (i. 53)
believed the poems to have been composed four hundred years
before his time, or about 850 #¢., and this date may serve as well
as another.
6. Bards (dovbol, ef: deiSw) are mentioned in the Homeric poems
a4 singing on themes connected with the Trojan War. The poems
(oat, Attio gud, English Odes) were recited by rhapsodists
(Gaywdor),? who were at first themselves poets, but in later times
4 Tho so-called Lives of Homer which have como down to us under the names
Of Herodotus and Plutarch, and anonymously, have no historical value. The
‘most important opinion presorved is that of Herodotus, who (ii. 63) thought
Tlomer to hare lived about 400 years beforo his own timo, or 860 nc, ‘That we
know nothing of Homer's life does not prove that he never existed. Seven
cities, neconding to a well-known epigram, elalmed each to have boon the poet's
birthplace ;
deri rides pdpvarro sophy Bud plyar “Outpou >
Tullora, Klos, Kohogpehr, "EPkey, Tiras, “Apres, “AMmai,
*BSeven cltles claimed grent Homer dead,
‘Through which the living Homer begged his brend.*
‘The story of Homer's blindness rests on an expression in aso-called Homeric
Hymm. Soo § 2.
2 The derivation of this word fs not entirely olesr, Pindar paraphrasos it at
the baginning of hie Secand Nemean (Mo, “Ounpldat, pawray értwv dodol, singers
of stitched songs, Porhape this moana no tore than éarefully contrived songs
Gf. nbtovr Sacrov T 212 wove (Le. put together) words. Hesiod (Frag. ecxxvil)
speaks of himself and Homor as pdyavres dadpr, stttching a song.
x INTRODUCTION $20.
quidquid delirant reges, plectuntur Achivi,
aeditione, dolis, scelere atque Uibidine et (ra
Riasos intra muros pecoatur et extra, — Horace, Hpist. |. 2. 1 fl
quanto rectiug hie qut nit motitur inepte? . . »
semper ait exentum festinat et in median ves
‘nom seoua ae nofae auiitorem rapt ot quae
deaperat (ractate nitercere posse, relinguit.
alque ita mentitur, sic verix falsa remiscet,
primo ne medium, medio ne disceepet imum. —Hornce, Art of Poctry,
140, 148 ff.
2, a, An Epic Poem is a narration in herole verse of a digni-
fied story of considerable length whieh has a definite beginning,
middle, and end, and an orgunio relation of parts. ‘The time of the
action should not be 0 long as to make difficult a general view of
tho story. ‘The poct puts ag much as possible of his tale into the
mouth of his actors, and so the Homerie pooms are strongly dra-
matic, In the Kirst Book of the Iliad the first 427 verses are
almost entirely dramatic, the narrative serving simply as ‘stage
directions’ Of the 444 verses of the First Book of the Odyssey,
285 ure in speeches. Epic poetry was the mother of the drama,
‘A large part of the story of the adventures of Odysscus is told
by the hero himself, a device which not only was followed by
Vorgil in making Aeneas tell Dido of his wanderings, and by
Milton in his Paradise Lost, where Raphael, ‘the affable arch-
angel,’ tells Adam of the creation of the world and of the revolt in
heaven, but has been adopted by many modern novelists.
b. The Homeric Poema used to be compared with Vergil's
Aeneid, Dante's Divina Commedia, and Milton’s Paradise Lost:
but men have come to see a difference between the Natural Epic
and the Literary Epic. Vergil had no perscmal (only an artistic)
interest in the battles and adventures of his hero, He sends
Aeneas to Hades simply because the Homeric Odysseus had been
there; he makes Aeneas tell to Queen Dido the story of his wan-
derings and sufferings, because Odyssous had told a similar story
to King Aloinots. Vergil consciously strives to unite the charac-
teristics of both Mind and Odyssey, a8 he shows by beginning his
fre EPIC POETRY xi
poem with arma virumque cano,— the arma being for the Iliad,
and the virum for the Odyssey. Vergi! is self-conscious, too, in the
‘use of cano;— he remembers that he is the court poet of Augustus,
and borrows the word ‘sing,’ although his poem was not meant to
be sung but to be read. But Homer is in earnest when he says,
dade God, Sing, goddess !
Jn the epics of Vergil, Dante, and Milton, more grace and finish
ure expected, and more studied thought. ‘The capital distinction
of Homeric poetry,’ as Professor Jebb has well said, ‘is that it has
all the freshness and simplicity of a primitive age, — all the charm
which we associate with the “childhood of the world”; while on
the other hand it has completely surmounted the rudeness of form,
tho straggle of thought with language, the tendency to grotesque or
‘ignoble modes of speech, the incapacity for equable maintenance
‘of a high level, which belong to tho primitive stage of literature?
¢. A great Natural Epic is possible only in a nation which has a
righ and varied mythology. Hence, the Romans, being without
a rich mythology of their own, could have no great Natural Epic.
4. The expedition against Troy was the theme of other poems
than the Mad and the Odyssey, but they have long been lost, and
Tittle is known of thom. Ono, tho Cypria (ri Kéxpi, sc. én, —
‘assigned to Stasinus of Cyprus), told of the events which preceded
‘the notion of our Iliad. The Aethiopie (Al6onis, #2. noiyors,—
assigned to Arctinus of Miletus) told of the events which followed
‘the action of the Iliad. Tho Iiupersis (IXov Mipow, — assigned
o Amtinus) and the Little Iliad (‘This Mexpd — assigned to Losches
gang of tho destruction of the Trojan city. Who Nécros
assigned to Agina of Troozen) told of the adventures
) Achaeans (except Odysseis) on their way home to Greece,
oems were mich briefer than the Ziad and Odyssey yf probe
ding to Aristotlo, they had less poetic unity and loss Gtamistio
than the Homeric pocms.
‘hia, or Batrachomyomachia (‘Battle of the
mad Mice"), a burleeque ‘epyl,’ which was once thought to
“Homer's Minor Poems, was composed probably not far
xii INTRODUCTION g2k
from the time of the Persian Wars, and is assigned with reason to
Pigres of Halicarnassus, It contains only 303 verses.
f. Tho Homerio Hymna (to Apollo, Demeter, Aphrodite, Hermes,
and other divinities) are of different ages, and in them much mate-
rial of high antiquity is combined with what is comparatively
recent. They are epie rather than lyric in form and manner. ‘To
the Hymn in honor of Delian Apollo seems to be due the fixing of
the story of Homer's blindness, for the poet of that ‘hymn’ says
that he i 4 blind bard ef Chios. ‘he shorter ‘hymns’ are a kind
of ‘grace before ment,’ being intended to be sung as an aot of
homage to the gods before the recitation of some epic story.
Twenty-seven of them have each less than twenty-five verses; only
seven are longer. The longest (to Hermes) has 680 verses.
3. a. Homer's story of the siege of Troy certainly was not
intended to be a history of an actual war. ‘The poet says again
nnd again that he is of a later generation. He asks the Muse to
tell the story, since she alone knows what really happened.
Doubtless many such battles were fought and many such sieges
endured in Asia Minor about 1000 years
b. Dr. Heinrich Schliemann was led by his Homeric enthusiasm,
‘a few years ago, to excavate the site of Hissarlik (* Hium Novum")
in the Troad, near the Hellespont, and that of Mycenae in Argolis,
In both places are found indications and remains of ancient wealth
and power which justify the Homeric epithets of Mios (as & wu
dpevoy rrodldpoy 1402, nodvypusoy, woAryaAxoy 3 289) and Mycenne
(oerinevoy wrohibpor B 569, woduxptrow Muxyrys y 304) and make
probable the belief that the story of the expedition against Troy
was founded on fact. The civilization of the two cities was simi-
lar, The king of Mycenae may have been the central power of
Peloponnesus at ane time. An armada inay have been led by the
king of Myccnae against Troy. The massive walls which have
been uncovered at Hissarlik, about three miles from the sea, must
have been geen Jong after the sack of the city, and would be
reminders to bards and people of the conflicts on the share of the
Hellespont. The agreement between the ruined city which has
been found and the situation assumed in the Jéiad is too exact to
xiv INTRODUCTION §te
men. The oracle of Delphi is hardly mentioned. ‘Temples are
uncommon, and doubtless are simple in structure.
¢, The Homeric warriors roast their meat, and do not boil it,
‘They sit at tables, and do nob recline at dinner. They bay their
wives by large gifts of cattle to the parents. The most useful
metal is copper or bronze; iron is little used. Coined money is
unknown; all trade is barter, Tho occupations of the rich and
poor differ little. Princes tend flocks and build houses; princesses
fetch water and wash clothes. The heroes are their own butchers
and cooks, Life even in Homeric palaces is primitive.
d@. The brunt of battle was borne by the heavy-armed warriors.
Of these the large shield was the main arm of defense. This was
so heavy that it rendered the chariot necessary for speedy and easy
transportation from one part of the field to another. The battles
were decided for the most part by informal single combats. No art
of war, in the modern sense, was known; the commander-in-chief
had no plan of battle. The army had no ‘military organization’
into brigades, regiments, companies, or the like, though on the
advice of Nestor (B 362) members of the same clan or tribe were
to fight together. Ajax was not always with his Salaminians, nor
Odysseus with his Ithacans. The lghtarmed troops for the
most part stood in the rear of the spearmen, but occasionally an
accher took his place in the front rank, perhaps partly protected by
a friend's shield, Cavalry were unknown.
THE STORY OF THE TROJAN WAR.
5. a. Befure the Action of the Diad, The action of the Ziad
itself covers only a few days, bub many allusions are made to pre-
coding events which complete the story.
Paris (whose Greek name was Aleeander), eon of King Priam of
‘Troy (or Tios) on the shore of the Hellespont, in the northwest
corner of Asia Minor, carried away Helen, wife of King Menelaus
of Sparta. The Achaeans (Greeks) united to avenge the wrong,
under command of Agamemnon, king of Myccnne, the brother of
Menelans Nestor of ‘sandy Pylus’ and Odysseus of Ithaca
e|
$560 THE STORY OF THE TROJAN WAR xy
‘Visited Thessaly and enlisted Achilles (son of Peleus and the sew
goddess Thetis) and his friend Patroclus. The Greeks assembled
at Aulis, a Boeotian town on the strait between Euboca and the
mainland, opposite Chalcis. There a portent was seen, which the
seer Calchaa interpreted to mean that they should fight for nine
years around Trey, and capture the city in the tenth year, On
their way to Troy, they stopped at the island of Lemnos, where
they were hospitably entertained, and where they left one of their
chieftains, Philoctetes, who had been bitten by a water make. On
their arrival at ‘Troy, Menelaus and Odysseus went to the city as
be put to death, but their host Antenor and others secured
safety, The Achaeans began the siege. Tho Trojans sent
their neighbors and gained allies. The Achaean ships were
‘up on Jand, sterns foremost, and supported by props or
the side of the ships were built barracks (Asia)
b ‘siege was not very close. The Greek camp was at a
j considerable distance from the city, and the Greeks could not
‘devote all of their time to fighting, They were obliged to make
expeditions against the neighboring towns in order to obtain sup-
plies. In these maranding forays, the men of the sacked towns
oweré killed or sent to other countries to be sold as slaves; the
“women were often brought to the Grock camp before Troy, When
‘the action of the Iliad opened, the wealth of the city of Troy
owas nearly exhausted. Tho Trojans had been obliged to pay and
"support their allies, and had been shut out from the use of their
* ‘They were afraid to meet the Greeks in open battle.
the gods, Hera (‘Juno’), Athens, and Poseidon («Nep-
fayored the Achaeans; Aphrodite (‘Venus’), Ares, and
md the Trojans, The reasons for this division of
‘are not made clear. Tho ‘Judgment of Paris’ with
the beauty of the goddosses, and the award of the prize
xvi INTRODUCTION $0m
6. a. Tho action of the [liad begins early in the tenth year of
the war, Chrystis, the daughter of a priest of Apollo, had been
captured on one of the marauding expeditions of the Achaeans,
and was given to Agamemnon as the ‘firstefruit’ of the spoils.
‘The captive’s aged father came to the Grock camp, bearing the
fillets of Apollo ns his official insignin, and bogged to be allowed to
ransom his daughter, but Agamemnon sent him away, slighting his
request. As he left the Greek camp, the old priest prayed for
vengeance to his god, Apollo, who heard his prayer and sent pesti-
lence upon the Achaeans. For nine days the plague raged in the
camp, but on the tenth day an assembly was called by Achilles,
who urged that some prophet be questioned of the cause of
tho god's anger. The old socr Calchas told the trath. Achilles
reproached Agamemnon, and the two heroes quarreled, At last
Agamemnon sent Chrysdts home to her father, bat took from
Achilles his prize of honor, Bris®ls, Achilles refused to fight any
longer for the Achaeuns, and begged his mother, the sea goddess
Thetis, to invoke the aid of Zeus, and to pray that victory might
be granted unto the Trojans until the Achacans learned to value and
honor her son’s might. This prayer was reluctantly granted by
Zous, and the First Book of the [Mad closes with a half-ludicrous
scene on Olympus, where Zens was reproached by Hera for yielding
to the request of Thetis, — in the evening of the twenty-first day.
b. At the opening of the Second Book of the liad, at the begin-
ning of the twenty-second day of the poem's action, Zeus sont to
Agamemnon a delusive dream, bidding him to arm the Achacans
for battle, with all haste. After x council of the elders, Agamemnon
tried the temper of tho soldiers by proposing to return at once to
their homes. To his grief, the men acceded enthusiastically and
Degan immediately the preparations for the voyage They wore
stopped by Odysseus, who acted under the direction of Athena,
A second assembly was held, the Grocks were shamed and awed
into remaining, and they prepared for battle, As the Achaean army
advanced against Troy, the poet pauses in order to give a muster of
the forces, — the ‘Catalogue of the Ships,’— which is followed by
8 less elaborate enumeration of the Trojans and their allies,
~
5g. THE STORY OF THE TROJAN WAR xvii
& Ab the beginning of the Third Book, the opposing armies were
about to meet, when Paris challenged Menclaus to a single combat
which should decide the war. ‘The two husbands of Helen, —the
‘wronged Menelaus and tho offending Paris, —were the fit cham-
pions of the two armies. This scene would naturally belong to the
first year of the war; but as the poet begins his story in the tenth
year of the war, the best he can do is to make this combat the
beginning of the conflicts which he describes. Priam was called
from the city of Troy, and a truce was struck: If Menclaus slew
Paris, tho Grocks wore to take Helen and peaceably roturn to their
homes; if Paris slew Menclaus, the Gmeka were to withdraw at
ones. Menelaus disabled Paris and had him in his power, when
Aphrodite snatched up her Trojan favorite, and deposited him
safely in his home.
& ‘The terms of the truce had not been fulfilled. Neither com-
batant had been slain, but the victory fairly belonged to the Grocks.
In order that tho Trojans might not surrender Helen, and preserve
their city, Athena (who hated Troy) descended a third time to the
field of war, and incited a Lycian archer, a Trojan ally, Pandarus,
to send an arrow at Menelaus. The Greek hero was wounded, and
the Greeks, indignant at this treacherous breach of the trace, pre-
pared at ones for the battle, and advanced upon the enemy. This
story is told in the Fourth Book.
® Most of the Fifth Book is devoted to the brave deeds of
Diomed, son of Tydeus, of Argos. Hers, Athena, Aphrodite, and
Ares took part in the battle, and the two latter divinities were
wounded by Diomed, with Athona’s aid. Diomod wounded Aeneas
‘also — the incident to which Vergil makes Aeneas allude in Aeneid
196 f
f. Tn the Sixth Book, the Trojans were hard pressed, and Priam’s
“bravest son, Hector, returned to the city in order to bid the matrons
‘gupplicate Athena’s mercy. He called Paris to return to the field
“of battle, and took a pathetic farowell of his wife, Andromache.
“The day which bogan at the opening of the Second Book
elose of the Seventh Book. The coming on of night
toasingle combat between Hector and Telamonian Ajax,
vill INTRODUCTION $0h
of Salamis. The armies strack a truce for one day, for the burial
of the dead. The Greeks spent another day in building a wall
about their caimp,—a wall which was not needed while Achilles
was fighting on their side, bot which was necessary when the
Trojans were ready to assume the offensive.
h, The Eighth Book tells of a brief day of battle, in which the
fortunes of war wore continually changing, and in which Zeus often
interfered. At the close of this Book, the Achaeans were driven
into their camp, and welcomed the approach of night which afforded
them relief from pursuit and attack, ‘The Trojans blvouacked upon
the plain and were confident of annihilating their enemies on the
morrow.
1. On tho night following the battle of tho Eighth Book, the
Greok leaders sent to Achilles an embasey, offering him rich gifts,
and begging him to return to the battle, but he stoutly refused.
The account of this embassy fills the Ninth Book.
j. The Tenth Book narrates the visit (on the same night) of
Odysseus and Diomed to the Trojan camp, where they slew Rhesus,
the Thracian lender, who hud just arrived on the field of action,
and captured his famous steeds.
k, With the Eleventh Book begins the third of the four days
of battle of the tied, —a day which does not close wntil the end
of the Eighteenth Book, Agamemnon distinguished himself now
more than on any other oceasion, but retired from the field wounded,
and was followed by Diomed and Odysseus, who also were disabled.
L. The Trojans pressed forward to the Greek wall, and, at the
clase of the Twelfth Book, Hector broke down the great gates, and
opened a way for his comrades into the Grek camp.
m. At the opening of the Thirteenth Book, Poseidon came from
the sea in order to aid the Greeks, Hora distracted the attention
of Zens while Poseidon and the Achacans put the Trojans to rout.
n. The previous action continues through the Fourteenth Book.
o At the opening of the Fifteenth Book, Zeus noticed what was
doing on the Trojun plain, and sent Poseidon back to bis home in
the sea: The Trojans pressed forward again and reached the Greek
ships, and Hector called for fire that he might burn the fleet.
§6w THE STORY OF THE TROJAN WAR xix
p. At the opening of the Sixwenth Book, Patroclus begged
Achilles to allow him to take bis comrades in arms, the Myrmi+
dous, aud enter the battle, Achilles consented, and gave his friend
his own armor to wear, but directed him to be satistied with driv-
ing the enemy from the camp, and not to attempt the capture of
‘Troy. Patroclus, however, became excited by the fray, and fol-
lowed the Trojans to the very gate of the city. ‘There he was
alain by Apollo und Hector.
q- Most of the Seventeenth Book is devoted to the battle around
the body of Patroclus, Hector stripped off the armor of the friend
of Achilles, but the Achaeans with great difficulty secured tho
corpse and carried it back to the camp,— hard pressed by the
r In the Bighteenth Book, Achilles learned with overwhelming
grief of the death of his comrade. His mother, Thetis, came from
the sea to comfort him. His armor was in the hands of Hector, —
stripped from tho body of Patroclus. He could not enter the
combat, tut had only to appear unarmed at the trench, and the
‘Trojans were frightened away, Wis mother went to Olympus to
beg for him beautiful armor from Hephaestus (* Vulcan’). Here
enda the third day of battle, which began with the opening of the
Eleventh Book.
a. In the Ninetoenth Book, Achilles was reconciled to Agn-
memnon. His hatred for Hector and his desire for vengeance on
the slayer of Patroclus more than overbalanced his more ancient
“grudge on account of the quarrel of the First Book.
t The fourth of the tuttles of the Ziad begins with the Twen-
ticth Book. The gods descended to take part in the battle, but
did not affect its ixsuc.
a. At the beginning of the Twonty-first Book, Achilles haa
driven the Trojans as far us the River Scamander, which flowed
‘about midway between the camp and the city. There many were
‘slain, almost without resistance.
| On the opening of the Twenty-second Book, all the ‘Trojans
Were either slain or had fled within the walls of the
“But Hector did not yield to the entreaties of his father and
xx INTRODUCTION §6w.
mother, who, from the wall, prayed him to return, He awaited
Achilles and was slain. His body was dragged to the Achaean camp,
after the chariot of Achilles,
w. The Twenty-third Book is devoted to the burial of Patroclus,
and the funeral games in his honor,
x, In the Twenty-fourth Book, the aged Priam, under the care
of the gods, went to the Achacan camp and obtained from Achilles
the body of his son Hector. The ‘iracundus, inexorabilis’ Achilles
appeared in a gentler mood. The corpse was brought back to
‘Tray, and the poem closes with the funeral of Hector,
7. a. Conclse Analysia of the Nina.
«a. Intropuction, A. Pestilence (ninedays). Assembly. Quar-
rel. Rost from battle (twelve days). Thetis went to Zeus on the
twenty-first day.
8. Tux Four Barres Beronr Troy.
J. B-H 380. First great battle, on the twenty-second day.
Single combats between Paris and Menelaus, Hector and Ajax.
Tl. 4 381-K. Burial of the dead and building of the wall, on the
twenty-third and twenty-fourth days, Second great battle, on the
25thday. Embassy to Achilles, Odyaseus and Diomed entered
the Trojan camp, and killed the Thracians and their king, Rhesus,
IIL. A-%. Third great battle, on the twenty-sixth day. Death
of Patroclus. Hephaestus made armor for Achilles.
IV. T-X. Fourth battle, on the twenty-seventh day. Achilles
killed Heotar.
y. Coxciustox, ,. Achilles abused tho body of Hector on
days 27-38 (twelve days; see a, above), Lament for Hector in
‘Troy on days 39-47 (nine days). Burial of Hector and erection of
a mound over his body, on the forty-eighth and forty-ninth days.
‘This scheme shows that the action of the Ziad covers but
noven weeks. ‘Dhree of these are occupied by the action of the
First Book, and three by that of the last two Books; only four days
are spent in fighting. The burial of Hector and the building of
his tomb in the last Book correspond to the burial of the dead and
the building of the wall about the Achaean camp, after the first
day of battle.
g7b THE STORY OF THE TROJAN WAR xxi
Db, Contents of tho llind in Greek Hexameters,*
FEEPSeensep epee
“AAda~ Nerds Xpioou, Aoimdov orpatod, Exbos avanrwv.
Bijra 8" Svepov Exes, deyoprv, wai vias appa’.
dupa 8 Sp apd? “Erde of ydbos dorly deotrav.
Aédrra- Bedy dryops, Speov x6oux, “Apeos ayy.
. Els Barre KuOépeiav “Apyd re Tudéos vids.
Ziyra 8° Gp’ "Avdpoudyns wal “Exropds dor’ dapioris.
. *Hra 8+ Alas wordute pvp povos “Exropt di,
(Garo: Gch» Soph, Tess xpdror, “Exrepos «yor.
"Ek eoiy 8° "Ayidsos daraBéos éoriv "lara,
Karma 5¢-"Pioou ri xepardy ere Tubdos vids,
Adpp8a 8’ dpiarjas Aavaay Badov “Exropos avipes.
Mé- Tpdov wardunoe xarripere reiyos "Ayadv,
NG 8+ Mogeddev Aavacis xpdros dmace AdOpy.
Bet- Kpovlinu Aeyteoos cat tarvm Hrape “Hpn.
OF= RporiPye neySharre Moceitdavs Ka) "pp.
Tia Tdrpowdov Eredver "Aptiov "Beropos aixurh
"PS: Asseol Tadé& te véxuv lpr yeipas Eueryor.
Biyna: Gers "Aye wap “Hdalorov déper bra.
Tah B- AwdAyye ysro.0 wal EeSope Bios *Ayidrets.
SE aedpuy Fos Spro, dépet 8° eel xdpros "Ayatoty,
Det psyor AlaeiBa0 map’ iylovas wrorapoto,
Keb Bip xply arepl retyos dyeny wrdven”Exrog’ “Ayidhate
Wet- Aaracicw ayava Sidods erédeccev "Ayirets,
PEs Tiplanes. véewy via AaBiov yépa Barner "Aytdrdd,
* Ageritied t Stephanus Grammaticus in the Palatine Anthology, \x, 385,
an a
xxii INTRODUCTION $e
¢, Arrangement of the Action according to Days.
The action of the Jliad, which covors only seven weeks, or forty-
nine days, may be divided us follows :
Pays.
1, Visit of Chrysos to the Greek camp, A 12,
1-9, Pestilence, A 53.
10. Assembly of the Achaeans, A 4,
10-21. Visit of the gods to the Aethiopians, A 423.
21, Return of the gods to Olympus, A 493 f. Visit of Thetis
to Zeus.
22. The Achneans prepare for battle. Single combat between
Menelaus and Paris. The battle begins, Brave deeds of
Diomed. THeetor’s meeting with Andromache. Single
combat between Hector and Ajax. B 1-H 380,
28. Burial of the dead, H 381-432.
24. Building of a wall for the Achacan camp, H 433-482.
25. Second day of battle, @.
Embassy to Achilles, 1.
Odysseus and Diomed enter the Trojan camp, K.
26, Third day of battle. The Trojans break down the Greek
wall. Death of Patroclus, A 1-% 617.
27, Reconciliation of Achilles and Agamemnon, Fourth great
day of battle. Death of Hector, T 1-¥ 61,
28. Burial of Patroclus, W 62-225.
29. Funeral games in honor of Patroclus, ¥ 226-897.
27-38, Achilles drags the body of Hector around the bier or tomb
of Patroclus, 2 1-30,
Priam visits the tent of Achilles and ransoms Hector’s
body, © 31-676, on the evening of the thirty-eighth
day
39. Priam brings Heotor’s body to Troy, 9 677.
5947. Lament for Hector in Troy, 9 784.
48, Burial of Hector, @ 785-787,
49. Erection of a mound over Heotor’s ashes, 2 TS8-804,
§7d THE STORY OF THE TROJAN WAR
4. The Greek Forces, (Sen B 494 f)
Maixtaxn or Guexce,
pemons ‘Nations and Commanders
1, Boeotians (Penelews)
% Orehomenians ——_(Ascalaphus)
a (Sched
4, Loorians (Ajax, eon of Ofleus)
5. Euboeans (Elephenory
6 Athenians (Menestheus)
7. Salaminians (Telamonian Ajax)
8 Argives (Diomedy
9, Myveneans (Agamemnon)
10. Spartans (Menelausy
11. Pylians Westory
12. Areadiana (Agupinory
13, Eptans (Amphimachus)
Me Dulichians (Mogos)
15, Cophallenians (dyssousy
16. Aetolians (Thoas)
Isxsvtan Geeeor.
TT. Crotans (Idomeneus)
18. Rhodians (Tepolemusy
19, From Syme (Nireus)
20. From the Sporades (Phidippus)
Turssatiax Onnxce,
21. Myrmidons (Achilles)
92. From Phylace (Protesilaus)
23. Pherarans Gumelus)
24. Methowians (Philoctetes)
25. Oeohalians (Podalirivs)
26. From Ormenium — (Eurypylus)
27. Prom Argissa (Polypostes)
28. Enianians (Gunous)
29. Magnesians (Prothots)
‘Total
B Agd—510.
BOIL-516.
B 517-526,
B 527-535,
B 56-045.
B 640-550,
B 557, 558.
B 559-568,
B 569-580.
Bos1-000,
B 591-002.
B 603-014.
B 615-024.
B 638-044.
B 676-630,
Ti 681-694
B 695-710.
B711-715.
xxiv INTRODUCTION §7e
e. Trees of Noted Families,
THE PELOPIDS.
“@) Tanranus
Pexors = Hirropamia Nope
: I
T 1
Arreus Prrraevs Tuyzeres
AcamemNon Mrwenaus Axorsrius
(m. Clytaemnestra) (m, Helen)
Von ae eo
Orxeres Execrra — IpwigEwra Hermione
THE AEACIDS.
) Zeus
|
Aracus (of Aegina)
io se
Pexeus = THETIS TELAMON
1
ACHILLES Agax Tevcer
Neoprotemus Eurysaces
THE OENEIDS.
@) OEnEus
|
Dripyie MELEAGER
(@.of Adrastus
‘ot Argos)
Typev:
Diomep = AEGIALEA
$70 THE STORY OF THE TROJAN WAR xxv
THE ROYAL FAMILY OF TROY, yY 2165 ff.
® aT
Darpanus
(founder of Dardanian race)
Exicutuonrus
Tros
ounder of Troy)
|
t T 1
Inus GanyMED AssaRacus
Pounder of Tos) (Cupbearer of Zeus)
Laomepon Carys
Ei
Priam=Hecusa _Titnonus Ane!
(Husband of Dawn)
MrMnon AENEAS
(asel occas)
LYCIANS, Z 153 ff.
©) Agouvs
Stsyrnus
Guaveus
|
BELLEROPHON:
f- T 1
Isanpros Hirrotocnus Laovamia
Guaucus Sarrevon
xxvi INTRODUCTION §8.
8. After the Action of the Iliad. For part of the last act in the
siege of ‘Troy, indications exist in the Jéiad and Odyssey. Many
other details were added by later poets, especially by those of the
Aethiopis, the Hiupersis, and the Little Iliad (§ 2 d).
a. After the death of Hector, the Amazons came to the help of
the Trojans. Their queen, Penthesiléa, was slain by Achilles.
Mernnon,— a cousin of Hector, — the beautiful son of Eos (Dawn)
and Tithénus, came with his Aethiopians. He slew Nestor’s son
Antilochus, a dear friend of Achilles, but was then himself slain
hy the mighty son of Thetis. Achilles was overcome by Apollo
and Paris, as he was about to force an entrance to the city through
the Seaecan Gate. His mother came from the sea, with her sister
Nereids, and bewailed him. She offered hig beautiful armor os a
prize to tho bravest of the Grecks, and it-was awarded to Odysseus.
‘Telamonian Ajax went mad in his disappointment at not receiving
the armor, and committed suicide. Paris was slain, and Helen
became the wife of his brother Delphobus. Philoctétes, the bearer
‘of the bow of Heracles, was brought from Lemnos, where he had
boon left (§ 5a, B 721 f.); and Neoptolomus, the young son of
Achilles, was brought from the island of Seyrus. Odysseus entered
the city of Troy as a spy, in the guise of a beggar, and was recog-
nized, and helped out of the city, ky Helen, Athena suggested to
Odysseus the building of the ‘wooden horse,’ in which the bravest
of the Achaeans wore hidden, while the rest set fire to their camp
and sailed away. ‘The ‘Trojans dragged the wooden horse within
their city, and at night the Greeks returned, and ‘Troy was sacked.
b. Agamemnon reached home in safety, but was treacherously
murdored by his wife and his cousin, her paramour, Aegisthus
Menelaus was driven from his course by a storm. Most of his
ships were wrecked on the coast of Cretc. Ho himself, with Helen,
was carried by the wind to Egypt, and wandored for ¢ight yeurs
before his return to his home at Sparta.
¢. Nestor, Diomed, and Idomeneus reached home safely. Ajax,
the son of Ofleus, was wrecked and drowned.
4. Odysseus was driven by a storm (perhaps the same as that
which drove the ships of Menelaus to Crete; see J, above) to the
soa. ‘THE STORY OF THE ODYSSEY xxvii
land of the Lotus-eaters, thence to the island of Polyphermmus («),
thence to the island of Agolus, to the land of the Lacstrygonians
(where cleven of his twelve ships were destroyed), and to the
island of Circe, where he and his companions remained during a
year (x). Then they went to Hades (A) to consult the old sear
Tiresias, On their return they passed Seylla and Charybdis; they
came to the island of the Sun, and (urged by hunger) killed one of
his cows. They were punished by shipwrock, from which Odysacus
alone escaped, as innocent of the offense against the Sun. He was
borne to the island of Calypso (~), where he remained for eight
years. Then he returned to his home on Ithaca, enduring many
sufferings on the way, but receiving kindly hospitality and aid from
the Phacacians (C-n; see $9 fm). Ho found his faithful wife,
Penelope, surrounded by a large company of young and insolent
suitors. Those ho killed with the help of Athena, Telemachus, and
two henchmen, and regained his kingdom.
THE STORY OF THE ODYSSEY.
‘® Tho action of the Odyssey opens in the tenth year after
the close of the Trojan War, and twenty years after Odysseus and
the other Achacans left their homes for the singe of Troy, but
‘Odyxseus had not yet returned to Ithaca. Since the hope of
‘Tis return was abandoned by all but his faithful wife, a crowd
‘of suitors (more than a hundred in number) for the hand of Penel-
_ Ope gathered at his palace from Ithaca and the neighboring islands
and shores. For four years these suitors had feasted riotoualy on
‘the king’s wine, flocks, and herds. The throne of Ithaca, indeed,
would naturally descend to Telemnchus, Odysseus’ only son. But
just as the widow of the older Hamlet carried the or of
“Denmark to her new husband, Clandius, so these aspirants for
Penelope’s hand each hoped to gain with her the kingdom of her
Former buisband. Odysseus was still on Calypso’s island, Ogygia,
rE in the First Book, Odysseus’ patron saint, the goddess
‘took occasion of the absence of Poseidon (whom Odysseus
efl by the blinding of Polyphemus) to remind the gods
xxviii INTRODUCTION $9d
of the hard fate of tho Ithacan, who was pining away in his
longing for homo, Zeus sont her to the island of Ithaca to
direct Odysseus’ son Telemachus in the course which he should
pursue, and said he would send Hermes to Calypso with orders for
Odysseus’ release. She approached the palace of Odysseus in the
guise of a Taphian prince, Mentes, and claimed to be an old guest
of the house. Telemachus told her his story of the long absence
of his father, without tidings, and of the persistent insolence of
his mother’s suitors; and Athena advised him to visit Nestor, the
oldest and wisest of the Achaean chieftains, at Pylus, and Mene-
Jaus, who had recently returned to Sparta from an eight years?
wandering. These might advise him with regard to his father’s
return. The poet devises this journey in order to bring Telema-
chus into connection with some of his father’s friends, thus afford.
ing an opportunity to tell of some events which had happened since
the action of the Iliad.
b. Tn the Second Book of the Odyssey, Telemachus called an
assembly of the Ithacans and denounced the suitors, who threw
the blame for their course on Penelope, and urged that she should
return to her father’s home and be given in marriage to a new
husband. Athena, in the guise of his father’s friend Mentor, met
‘Telemachus, and promised to secure a ship and to attend him to
Pylus, in order to consult Nestor. This bout, with Telemachus and
a few companions, set out at evening,
¢. As the sun rose on the third day of the action of the Odyasey,.
‘at the beginning of the Third Book, Tolemachus, accompanied by
Athena, reached Pylus, and found Nestor and the Pylians offering
sacrifice to Poseidon on the shore. Nestor advised Telemachus to
seek the counsel of Menelaus, and sent his son Pisistratus to escort
him to Sparta.
d. At the beginning of the Fourth Book, at the close of the
fifth day of the action of the Odyssey, Tolomachus and Pisistratus
reached the home of Menolaus. Helon recognized Telemachus from
his resemblance to his father. Stories of Odysseus’ valor and
prudence were told. On the next day Menelaus related part of
his own adventures, especially his meeting with the old sea god
$0i THE STORY OF THE ODYSSEY xxix
‘Proteus in Egypt, who bad told him that Odysseus was detained
on an island by the nymph Calypso.
At the close of the Fourth Book, Penelope's suitors on Ithaca
learned of the voyage of Telemachus and planned to lic in ambush
tor him and kill him on his return.
® With the Fifth Book begins the Odyssey proper, the Néoros
*Obuevqor. ‘This Book comprises the events of twenty-five days,
the seventh to the thirty-first inclusive, in the chronology of the
entire poem. In a council of the gods very like that at the begin-
ning of the First Book, Hermes, who for some unexplained reason
‘did not go to Ogygia after the former council, was dispatched to
island, where Odysseus had been detained for eight years,
in onder to secure his return. Reluctantly Calypso told the Tthacan
thathe mightdepart, Odysseus built himself a rude barge and set out
upon his return. As he was approaching the land of the Phaeacians,
he was seen by Poseidon, who raised a storm and wrecked his craft;
but he was brought safe to land by the sea goddess Leucothea.
4. In the Sixth Book, Athena suggested to Nausicaa, the beautiful
Phapacian princess, that she should go to the river to wash the
family garments. The princess went to the shore, attended by
her maids. As they wore about to return, Odysseus, who had boen
sleeping, oxhansted by the oxertions attending his shipwreck,
‘awoke, and received from them clothing, food, and instructions as
‘to the wisest manner of approsch to the Phaeacian king Aleinots,
_ These are the events of the thirty-second day.
g. The story of Odysseus’ reception in the palace of Alcinots —
in the evening of the thirty-sccond day— occupies the Seventh Book.
Ak. In the Eighth Book, Odysoous was introduced to the Phaca-
‘Gian nobles, —on the thirty-third day of the action of the poom.
1. In the evening of the thirty-third day, Odysseus began his
“*Apologue to Alcinotis,’— the story of his wanderings immediately
“after leaving Troy, in the Ninth Book, and told of his adventures
{@) st Isinarns with the Ciconians (39-61), (6) with the Lotus-
(62-104), and (c) in the cave of Polyphemus (105-555).
E adventure alone is designated by the Greek caption of
xxx INTRODUCTION $9}.
j. Tn the Tenth Book, Odysseus tells of his visit to the island of
Aeolus (the lord of the winds), of the destruction of his entire
fleet with the exception of his own ship by the Lacstrygonians,
and of his year at the palace of Circe,
k. The Eleventh Book is occupied by Odysseus’ story of bis
journey to the land of Hades, in order to consult the soul of
the Theban seer Tiesias, and of his meeting with the shades of the
dead, among them being his mother, Agamemnon, and Achilles. The
consultation of Tiresias seoms to have been devised ag an occasion for
tho interviews with his mother and the chieftains of the Achaeans.
1. Tn the Twelfth Book, Odyssous tolls of his adventares with the
Sirens, and with Scyllaand Charybdis, and of his comrades’ slaughter
of ons of the cattle of the Sun, —in return for which their ship was
wrecked, and Odysseus alone was carried by the waves in safety to
Cilypeo’s island,
m. In the Thirteenth Book, Odysseus was brought by the Phaca-
cians to his own island of Ithaca, —in the night following the
thirty-fourth day, resuming the action of the Seventh Book,
a, In the Fourteenth Book, at the suggestion of Pallas Athena,
Odysseus sought the remote dwelling of his faithful swineherd
Eumaeus,—in the morning of the thirty-fifth day.
o, In the Fifteenth Book, Odysseus remained with Eumaeus;
and Telemachus, returning from Sparta, proceeded at onee to the
swincherd’s hut, —on the thirty-seventh day.
p. In the Sixteenth Book, Odysseus made himself known to
Telemachus, and the two planned for the destraction of the
suitors of Penelope.
4. In the Seventeenth Book, Odysseus went to his own palace in
the guise of a beggar, and was treated with wanton insolence by
the suitors, — on the thirty-eighth day.
r. In the Eighteenth Book, the insolence to Odysseus continued.
Penelope rebuked her son for allowing the unknown stranger to be
‘thus illtreated.
s. In the Nineteonth Book, Odysseus, still in the guise of a
beggar, had an interview with elope, —in the evening of the
thirty-eighth day. He was recognized by his old nurse Earyclta,
$100. THE STORY OF THE ODYSSEY xxxi
who was set to wash his foot, by the sear of a wound which ho
received in his youth from a wild boar,
t. Tn the Twentieth Book, as the thirty-ninth day broke, the
suitors assembled, and victims were brought for the feast, for this
owas a festival of Apollo.
u. In the Twenty-first Book, Penelope offered her husband’s bow
‘to the suitors, promising to wod the one who should string it most
easily, and shoot an arrow most skilfully at a mark formed by axes.
‘The suitors strove in vain to bend the bow, bat Odysseus (who had
now made himself known to Eumaeus the swineherd and toPhiloetius
the neatherd), to whom the bow was borne by Eumaeus against
the suitors’ will, bent the bow, and proved his skill in archery.
y. Inthe Twentysecond Book, Odysseus with his old bow slew
the suitors, with the aid of Athena, Telemachus, Eumaeus, and
Philoetins.
w. In the Twenty-third Book, Odysseus was recognized by
Penelope, —at the close of the thirty-ninth day.
x. In the Twenty-fourth Book, on the fortieth day of the action
of the poem, Odysseus went to bis farm and made himself known
to his aged father, Lavrtes. While he was there, the friends of
the slain suitors came out to take vengeance upon him, and all
Prepared for battle,—even Laértes arming for the fray, —but
peace waa made by Athena. Thus the story ends,
IO. a. Concise Analysis of the Odyssey.
A ap. What happened before the return of Odysseus to Ithaca,
E «8 Adventures of Telemachus,
Th. ¢-6, Adventures of Odysseus on leaving Calypso's fsland.
TH. ep. Previons adventures of Odysseus, on leaving Troy.
B. we. What happened after the return of Odysseus to Ithaca.
“TV, ee. Odysseus at the hut of Eumacus,
V. p-» Return of Odysseus to his palace.
VIL $0. Odyssous slays the suitors and regains his kingdom.
~ Tis division of the poem into two wain parts, each made up of three
“wietions of four books cach, is curiously conveniont as an aid to the
though it tx not absolutely exact; but no one should suppose
spoot had such a division tu his mind,
xxxii INTRODUCTION §10b.
b. ‘The division of the Miad and Odyssey each into twenty-
four books was not made by the poet himself, nor was it known
in the classical period. Tt seems to have been made by the scholars
of Alexandria about 250 years ».c. The ‘books’ were Zettered, nob
numbered, The large letters of the Greek alphabet (A, B, DP, «rA.)
are used by scholars to designate the books of the Ziad; the small
letters (a, 8, 7, «rd.) are used for the books of the Odyssey. ‘The
“books” vary in length, from 909 verses (E) to 331 ({).
¢ The Greek titles prefixed to the several books of the poems
are of no definite authority. Some of them were the titles by
which the lays were known before the division into ‘books,’ as
tho ‘Bravery of Diomed,’ the ‘Catalogue of Ships,’ the * View
from the Wall.’ Others may have been prefixed by editors in
the Middle Ages,
HOMERIC STYLE.
11. a. Matthew Arnold enumerates four essential character-
istics of Homer's pootry: ‘Homer is rapid in his movement,
Homer is plain in his words and style, Homer is simple in his
ideas, Homer is noble in his manner. Cowper renders him ill
because he ia slow in his movement and elaborate in his style ;
Pope renders him ill because he is artificial both in his style and
in his words ; Chapman renders him ill because he is fantastic in
his ideas.”
If poeta and masters have thus failed, cloarly it is no ensy
achievement to translate Homer well, to be at the same time
rapid, plain, simple, and noble, — oF we daa wivra Bufo abric
iAfou. The beginner can at least be simple; he should aim to
attain the other qualitics also,
», Pope says in the preface to his translation: “That which in
my opinion ought to be the endeavour of any one who translates
Homer, is, above «ll things, to keep alive that spirit and fire which
makes his chief character. In particular places, where the sense
can bear any doubt, to follow the strongest and most poetical, as
most agrocing with that character, To copy him in all the varia-
tions of his atyle, and the different modulations of his numbers.
gile HOMERIC STYLE xxiii
‘To preserve in the more active or more descriptive parts a warmth
and elevation ; in the more sedate or narrative, a plainness and
solemnity; in the speeches, a fulness and perspicuity; in the sen-
‘tences [sententiae], a shortness and gravity. Not to neglect even
the little figures and turns on the words, nor sometimes the very
east of the periods. Neither to omit or confound any rites or
‘customs of antiquity... . To consider him attentively in com-
parison with Vergil above all the ancients, and with Milton above
all the moderns.”
“The story of the Ltiad is the Anger of Achilles, the most short
‘and single subject that was ever chosen by any poct. Yet this he
has supplied with a greater number of councils, speochos, battles,
and episodes of all kinds than are to be found oven in those poems
whose schemes are of the utmost latitude and irregularity. The
action is hurried on with the most vehement spirit, and its whole
duration occupies not so much as fifty days. Vergil, for want of
80 warm a genius, aided himself by taking in a more cxtensive
fubject, na well as a greater length of timo, and contracting the
design of both Homer's pooms into ono which ia but a fourth part
‘as large as his.’
Cowper says in the preface to his translation: «My chief
‘boast is that I have adhered closely to the original, convinced that
every departure from him would be punished with the forfeiture of
‘some grace or beauty for which | vould offer no substitute... . It
has been my point everywhere to be as little verbose as possible.
= ~~ In tho affair of style, I have endeavoured neither to creep
“nor to bluster, for no wuthor is so likely to betray his translator
nto both these faults as Homer, though himself never guilty of
either. ... The passages which will be least noticed . . . are
‘those which have cost me abundantly the most labour. It is
“difficult to Kill a sheep with dignity in a modern language, to flay
“and to prepare it for the table, detailing every circumstance of the
“Diffieult also, without sinking below the level of poetry,
6 mules to « wagon, particularizing every article of their
“straps, tings, staples, and even the tying of the knots
together. Homer, who writes always to the eye,
xxxiv INTRODUCTION sid,
with all his sublimity and grandeur, has the minuteness of a
Flomish painter,’
4. Two passages from the great German critic, Lessing, are
worthy to be remembered in this connection : ‘The picture of the
plague. What do we see on the canvas? Dead bodies, the flame
of funeral pyres, the dying busied with the dead, the angry god
upon a cloud discharging his arrows. The profuse wealth of the
picture becomes poverty in the poct.... Now lot us turn to
Homor himself [A 44-63], The poot here is as far beyond the
painter as life is better than a picture. Wrathful, with bow and
quiver, Apollo descends from the Olympian towers, I not only
see him, but hear him. At every step the arrows rattle on the
shoulders of the angry god, He enters among the host like the
night, Now he seats himself over against the ships, and with a
terrible clang of the silver bow, sends his first shaft against the
mules and dogs. Next he turns his poisoned [deadly] darts upon
the warriors themselves, and unceasing blaze on every sida the
corpséladen pyres. It is impossible to translate into any other
language the musical painting heard in the poet's words.’ Lavcoiin
xiii. (Miss Frothingham’s translation).
«When Homer wishes to tell us how Agamemnon was dressed
[B 42 ff], he makes the king put on every article of raiment in
our presence : the soft tunic, the great mantle, the beautiful san.
dals, and the sword. When he is thus fully equipped he grasps
his scepter. We see the clothes while the poet is describing the
act of dressing. An inferior writer would have described the
clothes down to the minutest fringe, and of the action we should
have seen nothing ... How does he manage when he desires to
give a more full and minute picture [B 101 f.] of the scepter,
which is here called only ancestral and undecaying, as a similar
one in another place is only xpuaeious Frows reruppivor? Docs he
paint for us, beside the golden nails, the wood, and the carved
head? He might have done so had he been writing a description
for a book of heraldry, from which at some later day an exact copy
was to be mate. Yet I have no doubt that many a modern poet
would have given such heraldic description in the honest belief
silg HOMERIC STYLE xxx
that he was really making a picture himself, because he was giving
the painter material for one, But what does Homer care how far
he outstrips the painter? Instead of a copy, he gives us the his-
tory of the scepter. First wo see it in the workshop of Vulean ;
then it shines in the hands of Jupiter; now it betokens the dignity
of Mereury; now it is the baton of warlike Pelops; and, again,
the shepherd’s staff of peace-loving Atreus. ... And so at last: I
know this scepter better than if a painter should put it before my
eyes, or a second Vulean give it into my hands.’ Laovodn xvi.
& Direct Discourse, Like tho writers of Holy Scripture, and as
in the simple stylo of ballads and fairy tales and the conversation
of children and uneducated persons, the Homeric poet avoids the
use of indirect discourse; he has no long passages in ratio obliqua,
in the manner of the reported speeches in Caesar's Commentaries,
He passes quickly from indirect to direct discourse. Contrast &
Yip WAGe Gods eri vas "Ayaiiv |... nai Mowero mivras “Ayaois | ss +
Spi pay Deor Boiey "ONGuma vpar’ Eyovres | éerépou Mpeanoro wodsy, «b
8 ofea8” teioGax | waiba 8° duol Atoul re pCdyv ra +" drown déyecOay, |
‘Alopevoe Avis viév, ixof6rov “Awé\Auwa A 12 (£. with its paraphrase
which uses indirect discourse, Gav b lepeds elyera dnelvos dy rode
Geods SoRvar eAdrras tir Tpolay atroty cuOjru, ripy 88 Ovyarépa ot dou
Grown wal ray Pedv alBcrVivras «rd. in Plato Hep. iii, 393 E,
Of. also A 398 ff., 1 87 ff, and Acts of the Apostles i. 4: ‘He com-
manded them that thoy should . . . wait for the promise of the
Father, which ye have heard of me.’
& Principal Clauses. Similar to this avoidance of indirect
discourse is the poet's frequent and ready transition from a
subordinate to a principal clause, as d¢ péya ravrww | ‘Apyewr
partes rai of welPowras “Ayaiol A 78 f. who rules with might over
all the Argives and him (for whom) the Achaeans obey, $ tei wohAa
poppe, Boray 84 por vies “Ayu A162, Cf. Xen. An. i 1,2, ‘This
change is most frequent at a cacsural pause or at the close of a
“Whus the poet deserts the partioipial fora finite construction,
98 dotwiy re rirverxdpevor Adeoot =* {Baddov T 80, where ri... ré marke
fs correlutive with the participle. Cf BE Sod.
XXxvi INTRODUCTION §ub
bh. Order of Words. The simplicity of the Homeric order of
words is most clearly seen by comparing a passage of Homer with
a similar passage of a later Greek poet or of Vergil. Many verses
of the Iliad and Odyssey can be translated into English, word for
word as they stand, as gyéue6" é& @Byv iepiy wéduv "Heriwvos, | ripy 6
Brerpdbopts re ad Hyopey evOiBe wdvra. | .. . dx 8 tov 'Arpdby Xpucyiba
xadAerdpyov «rh. A 366 ff. When the order differs essentially from
the English, there are generally rhetorical or poetical reasons why the
order is what it is. Noone should suppose that the meter compolled
the poet to adopt an arrangement of words that was not natural and
id not please him, The verse gave prominence not merely to the first
word but often to the word before the principal eansural pause (§ 58).
i. The thought of each Homeric verse is somewhat more inde-
pendent than is the case in later poetry. Other things being
equal, a word should be construed with words in the same rather
than in another verse. Very rarely docs a descriptive adjective at
the close of one verse agree directly with a noun at the beginning
of the next, The pause in the third foot also frequently indicates
the construction of a word, by separating it from the preceding or
connecting it with the following.
j. A noun at the close of one verse often has an adjective
apparently in agreement with it at the beginning of the next
verse, but this adjective may be regarded as in apposition with the
noun, and frequently serves to form a closer connection with a fol-
lowing amplifying clause, as phir dade Ged... | oddouéryy Ff mvp l
*Axuots dye Wyaw AL f., where the relative clause explains
obNousvyy: tho wrath was mortal, deadly, bocause it brought ton
thousand woes upon the Achacans, So a few verses later, voiwor
divi orparév Spee xaxijv, SAéxovro 8 Agot A 10, the position of the
uijective xaxjv (following the pause in the third foot) is explained
by its connection with the thought of the following clause; ¢/
vin alee por vier “Ayuidy | dy wadduns gopéover Simmrnéhon of re Bias
gras | wpox duds clear A 237 ff, where duaerédn ig explained by
the following clause. oiréy thus often contrasts a man with his com-
panions or ponsessions, ax dd ply didn Tpara Siew, | abriv 8 xdalovra
Goks txt vijas dévjow B 261 ff.
git HOMERIC STYLE xxxvil
k. The subject of the sentence usually precedes its verb. Almost
every exception to this remark is found either at the close of the
verae, or (lesa frequently) before the principal cuesura, where the
same metrical freedom is allowed as at the end of the verse, § 59 «3.
1, In onder to give prominence to an important word, it is some-
times placed before the relative word of tho clause to which it
belongs, a8 casirepor de xe vy A 32. This is specially frequent
when the subordinate clanse precedes the principal sentence, as
“Berwp 8 de ouds re has... teaver, | dug! dpa yur... Biov xr.
2237.
‘m. Adnominal genitives and adjectives generally precede their
noun, as in English, except at the close of the verse or at a cacsural
pause; but there are many exceptions to the rule in the case of
adjectives, principally, perhaps, where the adjective and substantive
‘are closely counected. The adjective following its noun aftor a
pause in the third foot is generally to be regarded as in apposition
with the noun, a8 xumjy A 10, pfAyv A 20 (of. j, above). A prepo-
sition likes to stand near ite noun, and so often stands between the
adjective and its noun, ak xpurdg dvi emjrrpy A 15, Bods eet vas
A 12, Gperdpy ivi olew A 30, vias Tet yAudupde T 119.
a. Theinfinitive generally follows the verb on which it depends,
. When a noun is modified by two adjectives, it frequently is
preceded by one and followed by the othor, as Gog rapa ryt jedalvy
‘A 300. So in English pootry ‘human faco divino,’ «purest ray
serene,’ ‘old man eloquent.’
12. Bpithers. a. Ornamental epithets frequently have reference
to the most marked natural characteristics of an object rather
than to s particular occasion. The ships are swift (Ooué) even
when they ars drawn up on land (A 300 and passim). ‘The heaven
is starry even in broad daylight (2108). Homer calls mille Aude
—of course, not to distinguish white milk from milk of
Another color, but to bring the object vividly before the mind by
‘mentioning a quality of it which all would recognize as belonging
to the mature of the object. The choice among those stereotyped
“Conventional opithots was often determined by the convenience of
Siaater ox rhrythim (o0e § 22 df)
li
Ey
xxxvili INTRODUCTION g120.
b. Almost every prominent person in the poems has some special
epithet or epithets, Pope calls these ‘a sort of supernumerary
pictures of the persons or things they are joined to, We see the
motion of Hector’s plumes in the epithet xopubatoros.’ No one
Dut Athena is yAavxdes, and the adjective becomes virtually a
propername. She bears this epithet ninety times, generally in the
phrase fed yAaveiimes “AGjvy. She is Waddds "Adsjvy forty-one times.
The Achacans are ¢umyjuides "Axaot thirty-six times, xdpq Kopdurres
twenty-nine times, in the genitive “Ayuiw yaAxox:raver twenty-four
times, vies “Ayaay sixty-four times, Aade "Ayumy twenty-two times,
codpo."Axudv nine times. Agamemnon is dug dvdpav forty-five times
in the IMiad and thrice in the Odyssey, while this title is given to
only five other chiefs, once to each. Achilles is wo8dexys Bios "AyAAeds
twenty-one times, wé5as axis “AyrAAa’s thirty times, roduxeoy AlaxiBav
ten times, woddxea Ip\ecuva ten times, Menelaus is ‘good at the
war cry’ (Boj dyaQés) twenty-five times Hector is xopv@aiahog
thirty-seven times, ¢aiBijo¢ “Exrwp thirty times. Cf pins Aeneas,
fidus Achates, and Longfellow's ‘gentle Evangeline,’ ‘Basil the
blacksmith,’ ‘Captain of Plymouth,’ ‘the Puritan maiden Priscilla."
“In our own national songs,’ says Macaulay, ‘Douglas is almost
always the doughty Douglas, England is merry Kngland, all the
gold is red, and all the Indies are gay.” Cf. § 22 a,0, 6.
¢. The situation of the moment seems sometimes to contradict
the epithet, as réy 88 ISte Alygoe Boty dyablis Scourge B 696 at sight
of hin Diomed good at the war ery shuddered.
4, Synonymous Bepressions, Tho poot is fond of a cumulation
of synonymous or nearly synonymous expressions, many of which
remind the reader of redundant legal expressions, a8 gurjoas mpor-
ids A 201 Lifted up his voice and addressed her, toc + tar’ te x
ériuatey A 361 spoke a word and called upon him, ded Cavros nal det
Gori Bepropévor A 88, dorpuirny dvdrovvov A 99, rov of re perarpiny ot8"
AAcylfas A 160, weAquol re wdyae re A 177, wdvrew pty xperéay da
rérrere 8° dvdcouy, | wior 3 oquairay A 288 f, obs? popes otre
HOS A 55S, Shear dx? WAyoGa nai et xiv roe rh pepyAy A 353,
riropes #8 paBorres B79. Sometimes the same stem is repented
for emphasis, in a different form, ax dyrpov dyerderroy B 325.
,
fld0. HOMERIC STYLE xxxix
e. Eparegesis, A clause is often added epexegetically, to explain
a preceding clause or word, as piv... otropévay f pupl’ "Ayawoie
Daye omer AL £,, 1d re dap" "Agpodirys, | ire nou 16 re aos T BA f
For explanatory asyndeton, see § 15 b.
£, The species often follows in apposition with the genus, as
cipara paxpa Oxrdcys | wivrov “Ixapiono B 144 f., dpriBor, | xqrov B
469 £,, Bote | raipoc B 4804. Gf. the explanatory use of the infini-
tive, a8 fpib Evvince pdyeoOa AS brought together in a strife, to
contend.
g- Thus also the part of the mind or body which is employed or
specially affected is mentioned, a8 ote ‘Ayapduvon srdave Ovpg A 24,
xosperns xjp A dd, neyapoiaro Oyag A 256, iv SpGadpoiow SpacBar
T 306.
h. Stereotyped Expressions. The same expressions recur under
similar circumstances. We finda stereotyped description of a feast
and of the preparations for it, of the breaking of day and of the
approach of night, of doffing or donning sandals and armor; there
are conventional expressions for setting out on a journey, for an
attack in battle, for the fall and death of « warrior, for lying down
to rest, Such formulae were convenient for the bard, and did not
distract the attention of the hearer from more important matters.
Speeches are introduced and followed by set verses, as wal ww (OF
‘oheas) duvjous trea wrepéevra mpooyita A 201, and in fifty other
places; 5 dur di dpoviww dyopjoaro xod percamey A T3.and in fourteen
‘other plaves, while the second bemistich is found several times in
other combinations; % ro. 3 y' ds etmiv ane” dp’ Hero, rot 8’ dedary
A 68,101, B 76. Theso stereotyped verses have been compared
‘With the Frequently recurring ‘ And Job answered and said, ‘Then
Eliphax tho Temanite answered and said,’ of the book of Job, and
With the set form in which the reports of the messengers were ‘
brought to the man of Uz,—each of the four reports ending ‘and
Tonly am escaped alone to tell thee.’
AR. a. Parechesis, Onomatopocia, etc. The poet scoms to have
With indifferenco on the similarity of sound in neighboring
‘He does not appear to have designed the rhyme in Tira,
B A194, Bion, drdoa A 9G f, xloven, rexoion A 413 f.,
xl INTRODUCTION Fis b,
ipvecay, ravvocay A 485 f., or between the two homistichs of a verse,
aug dermere viv wor Modems 'OMtpmva dispar’ Zxovra B ASA,
‘Most examples of parechosis (wepyxyeis) and alliteration are
probably accidental, a8 moAAéwy & roAioy B 181, d¢ wékepov rwArjoent
E360, warpl re og péyo wip wadnl ve wavrl re Byjuy THO,
b, Occasionally an onomatopoetic (6vouaronoca), imitative expres-
sion is used, giving a kind of echo in the sound, as tpeydd re nad
rerpaxdé T 363, of the breaking of the sword of Menclaus; é& &
Xpvonis vqis Bi rorrorépoo A 439, where a vivid imagination may
perhaps hear the mensured steps of the damsel as she leaves the
ship, with a quick rush at the close; abris érara réBovée xvAivbero
Adas dvwdijs A 598, of the rolling back of the stone which Sisyphus
in Hades was continually urging to the summit of a hill, Of
Vergil’s quadrupedante putrom sonitu quatit ungula cam-
pum (den, viii, 596).
¢. The poet plays occasionally on the names of his heroes, as
Tpdéoo¢ Gods Fyeudveny B 758 (“awit by nature ax well ax by
name”), TAyréAqoy . . . rAijpova Oypov txwv E 668 ff, "Exrop ... dis
mov drep Andw wodsy fener B AT2 £., where équev scoms to be selectod
with reference to the assumed etymology of "Exrup.
14. a. Comparisons or Similes, A notable characteristic of
Homeric style is the comparison, This iz designed to throw into
high relief some point in the action narrated, especially some
change in the situation; it often relieves the monotony of the
description of a battle. But the poet is not always satisfied to
illustrate the particular point for which the comparison is intro-
duced; he often completes the picture by adding touches which
have nothing to do with the narrative, as is done in the parables
of Scripture, and the similarity of details must not be pressed,
b. Mlustrations are furnished by all experiences of life, from the
Hghtning of Zeus and the conflict of opposing winds, from the snow-
storm and the mountain torrent, to a child playing with the sand.
on the seashore, and a Little girl elinging to her mother’s gown;
from lions and eagles, to a stubborn ass whieh refuses to be driven.
from a cornfield by children, and toa greedy fly; from the evening
star, to women wrangling in the street. ‘The lion is o special
etre HOMERIC STYLE ai
favorite, and appears in comparisons thirty times in the Ziad.
‘These comparisons afford a wider view of life in the Homeric ago
than is presented by the events theméelves.
4. Homer, like Milton, could not think of an army in motion
without thinking of its resemblance to something else, Just before
the Catalogue of the Ships, the movements of the Achaean armies
are described by six detailed comparisons (B 465-483): the splender
of their armor is compared with the gleam of fire upon the moun-
tains (465.458); their noisy tumult, with the clamor of cranes or
swans on the Asian plain (459-466) ; in multitude, they are as the
innumerable leaves and flowers of springtime (467 f.); they are
impetuous and bold as the eager flies around the farm buildings
(469-475); they are marshaled by their leaders as flocks of goats
by their herds (474470); their leader (Agamemnon) is like to
Zeus, to Ares, to Poseidon, —he is preiminent among the heroos
as a bull in a herd of cattle (480-483),
4, The Miad has 182 detailed comparisons, seventeen briefer
(us mauriy dovedres Hpyopdacbe | vgmdyors ols of re wéder wodcarjur Ipya
B 337 £), and twenty-eight of the briefest sort. The Odyssey has
thirty-nine detailed comparisons, six briefer, and thirteen very
‘brief, The first book of the Jiad has only two comparisons, and
those of the briofest, 6 3° yee vecri docesos AAT, ur” Suiydy A 359,
in addition to Same 8 of wupl Aqyrerduart Uxry A104. Books B-Z
have forty detailed comparisons.
¢. Comparisons are introduced by ds re, ds el, vis Gre, dy wep wr,
Prepositive ds is not used in comparisons (except in p 433).
Th the briefest comparisons, postpositive wy is often used, generally
Tengthening the preceding syllable (§ 59 J).
4. The norist inilicative (the so-called ‘gnomic aorist’) is often
‘used in comparisons, as T' 4, 10, 23, 33.
‘U5. a Asyndeton, In the Homoric period more frequently
‘than in later Grook, sentences ware loft unconnected by conjunc-
tions, ie asyndeton (H. 1039) was allowed more freely. Orna
are not connected by «n/, and sometimes in animated
the poet uses no conjunction between clauses or words,
A 99,
xiii INTRODUCTION
b. Asyndeton of sentences is most frequent where the second
sentence explains the first and is in a kind of apposition with it,
repeating the thought in a different form: dAAd nai os téAw Béperar
widuy dd 75 yf ducvov: | Bove’ yi» Audv odoy Tupcras # dodérBar A
116 f., & wémos, péya wavbos “Ayala yuiav Laiva | > nev ynbrjour
Tipiawog Muluous re watdes A 254 f., adr’ 38° dvpp d6éka wep) wévraw
Giwerae EAuw, | mdvrur pay xparlar Uda wavreoar 8” dvdooay A 287 f.
In B 299, rAjre Gio nal pcivar’ dri ypdroy gives the sum of the
preceding sentence, and the asyndeton marks the speaker's warmth
of feeling.
c. An adversative relation (but) is occasionally expressed by an
asyndeton, especially with ye pév in the second clause, as B 703,
B 516,
4. The absence of a conjunction often gives rapidity to the style
and thus is found often where the second sentence begins with
abrina oF aly, a8 cf 3° dye why wefpqoa ... alyd ro. alua nedawey
dpoyjon wepl Bovpl A 302 f., atrixa xepropio Aia Kpovlon wpocnia
A539; of. B 442,
18 a. Chiasmus For emphasis, the poct sometimes so
arranges the words of two clauses that the extremes, as also the
means, are correlative with or contrasted with each other, a8 woibd
re gol dyiue, Poly 6 lepiy inaréuByv A 443, where waiba and
dearéuBqv, ool and @oife respectively are contrasted. Cf de
"Axia | riyejoge dAdegs Bi woddae A DSS f., Boopevderw piv xdppa,
carypelyr 8 coi utr@ I 51, dov’, Erepor Nevxdy, erdpyv 8 piduevar, | TH
re wal “Hediy [103 f,, where the black lamb was for Tj and the
white for "HOvos,— Boordeds +” dyabis «parcpés rv alxunris T 179,
where the adjectives are brought together, 4480 f, Cy. Milton's
‘Sweet is the breath of morn, her rising sweet,’ Par. Lost iv, 641,
A The name iy given from the Greek loiter X, there being croming of
ideas, as:
Bavireis 7 deyadbr
sparepis 5° alxuqrds T 179,
It should be noticed that this chinstlo armngement in ofven the moat simple and
ural, a5 in the first example above, where cof at once suggests the other
§ tod. HOMERIC STYLE xiii
+ Adam the goodliest man of men since born | His sons, the fairest
of her daughters Eve,’ Par. Lost iv. 323 f., and Shakspere’s « Malice
domestic, foreign levy,’ Macbeth iii. 2. 25.
b. Bpanalepsis. Sometimes a word (generally a proper name)
or & clause i repeated in the same sentence at the beginning of a
new verse. Gf. Milton’s Lycidas 37 £, ‘But O tho heavy change,
now thou art gone, | Now thou art gone and never must return,’
381. ‘What could the muse herself that Orpheus bore, | The
amuse herself for her enchauting sou?’ The name is repeated at
the beginning of three successive verses (Nipeds -.. Nipe’s -..
Nipus), B G71 ff. Cf. also B 838, 850, 871,154, ‘The name when
repeated is attracted into the case of the following relative pro-
‘noun, in “Avépopndxn, Ovydrnp peysXrjropes "Heriwvos, | "Heriwy de dvauey
td TiAdey iAniory % 395 f. Andromache, daughter of the great-
anuled Betim, Ketion who dwelt at the foot of woody Placus.
¢. Litites (Nerdrys or pelwors), a simplicity of language, or under
statement of the truth (usually a strong aiirmation by denial of the
contrary), if common to all languages, Milton’s ‘unblest fect? is
‘Stronger than cursed feet. Homeric examples abound, a8 ov« “Aya-
papvon Frdave Ong A 24 it was not pleasing to the soul of Agamem-
non, te, it was hateful, etc; dy 8° & xovdedv Soe pea ipor ot8*
drirprer | wily "ABqvaiys A 220 f. back into the sheath he thrust his
great sword nor did he disobey the word of Athena, ie. he obeyed ;
“Bare 8° oF 11 Betis Inos Hyroiyocy B 807.
4. « Periphrasis. Certain peripbrases occur frequently, as dere
& Mpidpoio Bie T105 bring the might of Priam, ie. the mighty
Priam, Wapraydvor 8° jydro MvAapéveos Adoov Kip BSS, } ira
Gryvax xpabiyy Sas HR cal epyp A 396, rorAqujua toyn B 338, works of
war, Le war, pévos dvBpGv B 387, i. brave men, Cf. odora canum
vis Vorg. Aon, iy. 182, horrentia contum terga suum db, },
634 £5 ‘First, noble friend, lot me embrace thine age,’ Shakspere
Tempest ¥.i; ‘The majesty of buried Denmark,’ Hamlet init. ;
‘Milton's *Meanwhile . . . where the might of Gabriel fought, Par,
t vi. 855 ; ‘The violence | Of Ramiel, scorcht and blasted, over-
hs ( i& vi. 371 f.; ‘By them stood the dreaded name | Of
I “Demogorgon,’ i, ii, 965.
li a
xliv INTRODUCTION §lbe,
8B. Some of these periphrases were used simply for metrieal con-
venience. Hg. Bly “HpaxAyely is equivalent to “Hpaxdéys, which is
not suited to the Homerie verse.
7 SovAov Hyap 4463 is simply a poctic expression for slavery,
Acepow Tap % ABS for freedom,
. Zougma, Sometimes two connected subjects or objects are
construed with a verb which is appropriate to but one of them,
AS % pv Erara | de Gra ddro... | Zeds & dw mpds Bispa (a. Hy)
ASSL Af. she then leaped into the xen, but Zeus went to his own house,
fixe tedory | ferro depotrodes nal routta veiye ixeiro 326 £. where
the high-stepping horses of cach were standing, and the bright armor
was lying. Cf. Shakapere, Sonnet 56, 7, ‘Nor Mara his aword, nor
war's quick fire shall burn | ‘The living record of your memory.’
£. Hysteron Proteron. Occasionally the more important or obyi-
ous object or action is mentioned before another which should
pregeile it in strict order of time, as dun tpdgey 48 yévorro A 251
were bred and born with kim, Of. Shakspere, Twelfth Night i. ii.
‘For I was bred and born | Not throo hours’ travel from this very
place’ and Vergil’s moriamur et in media arma ruamus don,
ii, 353. In some phrases metrical convenience may have deter-
mined the order of expression.
g- Apostrophe. At times the poet addresses directly one of his
characters, as offi over, Mevédac, Oeot pdnapes AcAdbovre S127 nor
did tho gods forget thee, Menclaus, i Spa rou, Wdrpande, $dom Piso
redcrr, IL 787 then, Patroolus, appeared for thee the end of life.
Fifteen times in the Odyssey the poet thus addresses the ‘godlike
awineherd* Eumaeus, —which may be there chiefly a metrical eon-
venience. Gf. Milton's apostrophe to Eve, «O much deceiv'd, much
failing, hapless Eve, | Of thy presumm’d return,’ Par. Lost ix. 404 f.
17. Later Change in Words, ‘The student must be watchful to
apprehend the exact Homeric meaning of words which are used in a
slightly different sense in later Greek. ‘Thus dyop} and dyciv are
used in Homer of an assembly, gathering, not of market und contest.
*Aiéys is always the name of a person, not of a place. duds, dowdy
are ased for the Attic mourijs, Yavos,—tmos and pofos are used for
Aébyos, noouiw for révow, Bddwrw is to injure by detaining, detain.
gisb. HOMERIC SYNTAX xlv
Buss means terrible, not skilful. Sdwvov is the principal meal of
the day, whenever it is taken, ¢yyos means apear, never sword.
fury: iy used for the Attic Sues, nevertheless. Fpws ia used of all the
warriors ; it does not mean a hero in the English sense. Ocpdrww
was nearly the Spartan @pdrwy, —not a menial servant, pydoua is
to lead, not to think. xpivw is to select, discriminate, rather than
to juilge. Ande [Acide] is often used of soldiery. Alemopa is used
only once of entreaty addressed to gods. pé\Aw never means delay.
vote often has the sense of aleOivouat (which is not Homeric), por
ceive, and $pafopas is to consider. vépos is not used for law. Svopae
is not to blame in a general way, but to think insufficient, despise.
traf is wound with a weapon held in the hand, not with a missile,
rium is escort, attend, a8 well as send ; cf. opm}, convoy. wédcuos
is often battle rather than war. xpjeuw is to carry through rather
than to do, as in Attic. oxeddy is near, of place, not almost. odpa
is used only of a dead body, 8uas being used of the living form, and
‘abrés and wept ypot taking some of the Attic uses of copa.
always means quickly, never perhaps, as in later Groek, riOque is
often used like wow, make. rAsjpow is bold, or enduring, rather than
‘wretched, as in later Greek. gudtw is often to entertain hoapitadly (i.e.
as a friend, dios). éBos is not fright but flight; foBiopm is
not fear but flee. as does not mean since. Kivdvres, dy, OrMrysy
erpardedoy, ind erparqyis are not used.
With these changes the student may compare the changes in
maraning of many words between Shakspere's time and our own, as
in honest, charity, convenient, prevent, homely, painful.
HOMERIC SYNTAX.
‘18. a. Th syntax, as in forms, where the Homeric dialect
‘iffers from the Attic it may be presumed that the Homeric usage
‘the earlier. The language was less rigid ; custom had not yet
ed certain constructions as normal. There was greater
in the use of the modes and the cases, of prepositions and
‘Tt is impossible to bring the Homeric uses of the modes
‘eategories and rules that prevailed in the Attic period
xivi INTRODUCTION gl8c.
Intermediate in force between the simple future and the potential
optative with dv were: —
a, The future with xé, as 6 BE eer xeyadsererar A 1395 of: A 175,
523, B 229. a
B. The subjunctive as a less vivid future, as ob ydp ww rovovs Tov
Avipas ob8 Iupor A 262 T never yet saw such men nor shall T sce them.
(H, 868; G. 1321.)
y- The subjunctive with xé or dy, as a potential mode, as « Bé xe
18) Bibwory, tyls BE nev abrds Diopat A137 but if they will not give it,
T myself will then take, etc, ote dy ro xpalopy nlapys T 54 the
cithara would not in that case avail thee.
& The potential optative without a, as B 687, A 18,
¢. Tho subjunctive is used more freely in Homer than in later
Greek,
4. a. Homer prefers d with the subjunctive to of xev (at aev) or
at dy with the subjunctive. ef dy is not used in general conditions.
B. dine is rately used with the optative (twenty-nine times in
all); never in the expression of a wish. « dv is used with the
optative but once, 'xep dy atrai | povoa de(doev B 597 £.
y. The optative in indirect discourse is used for the indicative in
direct discourse only in questions.
6. In a few passages the optative with aé is used in the apodo-
sis, where Homeric and Attic usage alike lead us to expect dv with
a post tense of the indicative, as B81, P 220, E85, nad wi nev ev
dnchowro douk dSpGv Alvelas, | ct pip dp’ SE0 vonwe Aide Ovydrnp "Agpo-
Birg K S11 f. “ Aeneas would have perished if Aphrodite had not
perceived.”
e. a, The infinitive is often (in about two hundred cases, — nearly
twice as frequently in the Odyssey as in the Miad) wsed as an
imperative, a3 A 20.
B. The ‘explanatory ’ or ‘epexegetical’ ase of the infinitive is
frequent, as A 8, 107,338,B 108. Often, as in these instances, this
is x survival of the old datival origin of the mood.
1. xiv is used four times as frequently as dv.
g. The ‘historical prosent? is not used.
h. Tho imperfect is much used, even nssociated with the norist.
9idg. HOMERIC SYNTAX xlvii
4. dori is not always a mere copula, and is occasionally modified
by an ariverb, as a true verb of oxistonce ; of. del wi ros aloa pivwOé
wep, 08 ri pada diy A ANG since thy appointed time of life is brigf, ete,
anid jirw6a BE of yével? Spur} & 466 but brief was his onset.
19. a. The cases retained more of their original foree than in
Attic and had less need of a preposition to make the construction
distinct (it wae once thought that the poct omitted the preposition
for the convenience of his verse), as the ublatival genitive in gpcos
*Ayonolrw médera: woAdjovw xaxoto A 284 is a bulwark for the Achaeans
from (to keep off) evit war, xaprodiuos dvétio modifies dds Hur’ épixdy
A S59 swiftly she rose as « mist out of the hoary sea, The dative of
place is often found without a preposition, as rdf" Guoww Exww A 45
having his bow upon his shoulder.
b. The accusative without a preposition often expresses the
limit of motion as A 254, 497. ‘This construction is frequent
with Tew, tedvw, Ixvéoyat, but rare with tropa, Baivw. Of. Mile
‘ton’s «Arrive the happy isle,’ Par. Zost ii. 409; Tennyson's ‘Arrive
‘at last the happy goal,’ In Mom, Lxxxi .
¢ Clear examples of the so-called ‘accusative of epecitication’
are not nearly so common as in later Greek.
@. Many cognate accusatives are on their way to become adverbs.
“& The propositions still retain much of their adverbial nature,
and have not become fixedly attached to the verbs which they
“modify (§ 55). It was once thought that the occasional separation
“of verb and proposition was a poctic licens, and (considered as a
‘Surgical operation) it was called rmesis, The student may think of
"the freedom of the prepositions of some German compound verbs,
f& Tn the Homeric period certain constructions were only begin-
ning to appear definitely i in use, such as the accusative with the
and the genitive absolute.
‘The genitive absolute is more frequont with tho present
than with the aorist participle. The genitive absolute
dt subject is particularly rare, and is denied by most
he participle sometimes seems to be used with omitted
mit really agrees with the genitive which is implied in
xviii INTRODUCTION $1oh.
B. It is often impossible to say categorically whether the genitive
in in tho absolute construction or rather depends on some othor
word, a5 dnd 8 pies xexiBorro | dvBpds axovrivourros A 497 £, where
the position of the genitive at the beginning of the verse gives it
greater Independence, but it was probably influenced by the verb,
the Trojans drew back from the man as he hurled his javelin; of.
teAaylay 8° dp" dvoroi ex’ Suow xwopndvore | abrod nunférros A 46 £,
y, Sometimes a preposition is used where the genitive absolute
would be used in Attic prose, ns dugi 88 vjes | onepBadéor noniByoay
dvcdvroy tm’ 'Axaidv B 338 £.
h. The dative of interest is often used with the verb where the
English idiom prefers a possessive genitive with a noun, a8 davis BE
of Jove qutavber A 200 terribly did her (lit. for her the) eyes gleam ;
or is uged instead of an ablatival genitive with a preposition, as
Savactow deixda Aovyov deo A YT will ward off ignominious destruc.
tion from (lit, for) the Danat; or instead of a gonitive with verbs
of ruling and leading, as évrera 3° duiooay A 288 to reign over
* (lit. be the Ring for) all; or instead of an adverbial expression, as
rot 8° dvéory A 68 for them rose (not to be taken 43 a local dative,
among them). -
i. tré is used with the dative in almost the same sense as with
the genitive in Attic, a8 Uduy bed yepol woBdneos Aiax@ao B 860 he
was slain by the hands of the swiftjooted Avacides, with perhaps
more of the original local force of the preposition,
j. The nse of 7 after a comparative is rare; only nineteen
instances aro found in Homor,
&. Some constructions were used more freely and constantly
than in later Greek. Certain of these were always looked upon
8 poetic, a8 Gely weBlowo Z 507 runs over the pluin, Novertu wora-
oto Z 508 dathe in the river, Vor the genitive of the place to which
the action belongs, see H. 760; G. 1137.
1. A neuter noun in the plural is the subject of a plural verb
more frequently than in Attic,
20, a. Particles a The beginner in reading Homer is por-
plexed by a large number of particles that are not easy to render
by English words, Their force can often be given best by the
gale HOMERIC SYNTAX xlix
orler of the words in the translation or by the tone of voice in
reading. To translate fd asx was naturel (or even you see or you
Knows) or yé at feast, often throws upon the particle very dispropor-
tionate emphasis, The student can most easily and clearly appre-
‘ciate the force of a particle by comparing a number of examples
which have become familiar to him; he will then see the impor
tance of these particles to the character and tone of a speech or of
the narrative.
AB. réis used far more freely than in Attic prose. A single vé is
often used to connect single notions, ns miveraey | olwvoiad re A df
pee ae particle to introduce final clau
d. Interrogutive Particles. a. Tho goneral interrogative particle
in Homer is §, but in a double questjon (where tho Attio Greek
uses xérepoy . . .) 4 or é stands in the first member, } or He in the
second 5 of: A 190 ft
B. When % introduces a single question, it is rarely used as in
Attic, a3 a mere interrogation point. It regularly implies emotion
of some kind, as A 133, 203.
21, s Parsterie, The Homeric langnage is far less distinet
than the Latin or the English in the expression of logical relations,
and gives less prominence to the logical forms of syntax; but it is
peldom difficult to appreciate the ancient idiom if an attempt te
tmade to find the Homeric point of view.
The Homeric pooms contain many survivals of the simplest form
of sentences, In the liest stage of the Greek language, clauses
“were not combined with each other as secondary and principal;
they were simply added one to the other, To use the technical terms,
cotrdination or parataxis (xopdrufis) was the rule,—nobt subordine-
tion Or hypotowis (imérafis). Originally the relatives were demon-
“Btratives, and relative sentences have been called ‘parenthetio
“demonstrative sentences.” Thus 3é was used in the apodosis of
‘relative and conditional sentences, This was especially frequent
“When the relative or conditional clause preceded, as a 8 ne pi
wey alirds Dopo A137 but if they shall not give i,
myself shall take, etc, clos 3 rail Spare... jAOe 5
EL while he was pondering this... Gut) then Athena
1 INTRODUCTION g2ib.
came, ofy ep giAwe eves, rolq 8 wal dvBpGv Z 146 as ie tho race of
Loaves, (but) oven such ia also the race of men Soairdp and Ard are
used with stronger emphasis than 84 a8 « 88 or kaprepés dora, ea 86
re yeivaro pyro, | AAX’ Be piprepds dozen drei =Aedvecew dvdeae A 280) 1
but if thou art mighty aud a goddess ia thy mother, (but) yet, ete,
where the apodosis is really contrasted with the protasis; ¢f A 81,
quoted in the next paragraph.
b. Compare with the foregoing the use of xaé in the conclusion
of relative sentences, to mark the connection of the clauses. Thus
also ré was freely used in subordinate clauses, as d¢ we Gents éxemelOyrae
pada t indvov abrod A 218 awhoever obeys the gods, (and) himself the
gods readily hear; and tO. . « is found in both protasis and
apodosis, marking their correlation, as «& wep ydp re XoAov « « Kata
ma}, | AAG re Kui perémiodey Ex nérov A 81 £. for even if he should
restrain his wrath, (but) yet oven hereafter, ete,
¢. The first part of a puratactic sentence may introduce the
cause or reaxon for what follows, as in Andromache’s words to
Hector, “Exrop drip of pol doo. zuripp Kat rérvia pairyp, | He xaot
yenros, ob BE poe Darcpis mapanolrys: | dN’ dye viv dAéupe Kui otro’
pin’ Gt mipyy 2 429 ff, but thou, Hester, art my father, ete.,
which implies # Hector, since thon art my all.”
4. Corrélative Constructions, Tho Greek language was always
fond of « parallel or antithetic construction, a contrast, a balance,
where the English subordinates one thought to the other; but the
adversative relation, where the English idiom would use a subordi-
nate clause introduced by for, although, when, while, or since, 1s
more frequent in these poems than in later Greek, as a\A& wibea6:
Gps Be vewrdpw dorév éneio A 259, diitda rit ply + dveuoe yapyddee xéer,
Oa 8 F Ty | ryeIbuow pte, lapos 8° éxiylyrera Spy ZB 14TE ...
when the season of spring comes on, tut 84 ror? ded wdpos Echues che
pérowo . . «98? Ere nal viv woe 768° Emnphyvor Lrdup A 453 ff ae thew
didst hear my formor prayer so now also fulfill this my desire,
@. adrdp also is used where a causal particle would be used in
English, as diivyn rerappins, atrap durrés | dug dvi or.Bapg HAyAaro
E599 f. thrilled with pains stuce the arrow was fixed in his stout
shoulder.
§ 22a. THE HOMERIC DIALECT ii
£. In those contrasted clauses, af, abre, abrdp, drdp, AAAd, a8 well as
84, may be useil in correlation with pd. And nat rére und dpa (jd,
Gp) are used as well as 8¢ to imark the apodosis,
g- A copulative conjunction is sometimes used where the English
uses a disjunctive or, as rpenAy rerpawAg re A 128 threefold or (and)
Sourfold, in which prominence is given to the second member, Cf
Bra and Bio B 346, yHifd re nai mpwigd B 303, rpexGd re nai rerpayOd
T 363, O tergue quaterque beati Verg. Aen. 4 94.
2. The Homeric poet:sometimes puts into an independent clause
the incidental thought which in later Greek would be expressed
regularly by a participle, as Asoi 8’ iiprjcavro Gcots 18% xxfpas dvéoyor
F 318 the people prayed to the gods with uplifted hands (lit, and
lifted their hands); for xdpas dvnoyivres, of: peyin' ebyero, xGpas dva-
oxsn KASD; (Leds pepuripibe os “ANARa) ryujoy, OAdoy Be odéas dei
sol "Ayady BA was pondering how he might honor Achilles by
destroying (it and destroy), ete, 3 of. $AB¢ dipaw, Tyov AZ f.5 ave
driven nbbyao, tug 8° tevreibeo phy A 565 for dug rabouan pide,
1, Conversely, the participle, os in later Grock, often contains
the principal idea, a8 wxrivevoe | “Lvov dxmépourr’ edrelxeow drrovéew Out
B13 promised that should sack Itios, and return, bot in the very
next verse is the English idiom, viv & aaxiy dedryy Bovdetaaro, onl
pe wedetias | dvaxdka “Apyos txérdar BUNA f. planned an evil deceit and
bids me go, eto, for drdryy Bovdcvuvas,
THE HOMERIC DIALECT.
22 a. The dialect of the Homeric poems is in one sense arti.
ficial: it was spoken at no place and at no time. But it is not a
mosaic composed of words and forms chosen capriciously from the
‘different Greek dialects; it is a product of natural growth, ‘The
posts retained many old words and forms whieh had disappeared
from the spoken language (0f- hath, lovéd, I woen, ete., in English
Verse), and unconsciously excluded all that was not adapted to
‘Verse; but they did no violence to their language; they
change metrical quantities, nor did they intro-
‘Grammatical terminations, nor violate syntactic usage,
lit INTRODUCTION g22b,
b. The student must always remember that the Homeric dialect
was not a modification of the Attic dialect, and was not derived
from it, but that it representa an older stage of the language.
Many Attic forms can be derived from the Homeric forms. Thus
Homer uses thé longer forms of the dative plural, ax xoAgew [nol
Aas] A 26, oluvotes [otwvots, $ 35 d] A 5; of tho genitive singular
of the second declension, as Mpduovo [Upiiuov, § 35 a] A 19; and
of the infinitive endings, a8 yoAmdper [yoAsirew, § 44 7’) A 7S,
Sper [Zotv] A 98; and uncontracted forms generally, as yea
[ym § 24) A 2, érerclero [éredro] A 5, ‘Arpelbys AT. Even
where a shorter form is used, a8 Yeray [forqoar) A 535, érdpww
[éraipor] A 349, this is not to be regarded as shortened from the
Attic form, but as nearer the original.
c. The Homeric dialect is essentially Tonic and seems to have
been developed among the Ionians of Asia Minor, influenced pos-
sibly by the speech and certainly far more by the old poems of their
Aeolian neighbors. The oldest form of Greek epic songs seems
to have been Avolic, but the Ionians brought epic poetry to per-
fection. Even the Pythian priestess delivered the oracles of
Apollo in epic verse and Ionic dialect, and the Dorian Spartans
sang about their camp fires the Tonian songs of Tyrtacus.
4. Some forms scem to be borrowed from other dialects; but the
atudent must remember that when the pooms were composed, the
difference between the dialects was lesa than at the earliest period
when we have monumental evidence concerning thes
e. The conservation of old forms together with the introduction
of new forms was very convenient for the verse; eg. for the infini-
tive of the verb to be, Homer could use fupeva as daotyl, —v wv;
fpcrae as anapacst, vv —} duper as troches, —~ 5 gucy as pyrthic,
\ vj dbus as spondoo,——. Naturally, tho choice being offered,
metrical convenience determined which of these forms should be
used. No difference in meaning exists between Kpovter, son of
Cronus, and ¥oovléys. Metrical convenience often or generally
decides between the use of "Ayuol or "Apycio. If prominence is
to be given to the name of the Greeks, at the beginning of the
verse, “Apydio must be used, On the other hand, the verse can
liv INTRODUCTION $23.
dy is found instead of the less frequent jujy (the strong form of
pe). dAro A 532 (from TAAowas) is another instance of a, unless it
is to be written Gro. a remains when it is the product of con-
traction or ‘compensative lengthening,’ as Spé, rdoas, (H. 30 D.)
». The final a of the stem is retained in the genitive endings -ao
and -dew of the first declension, as "Arpebuo A 203.
¢ do and yo often change to ew, with transfer of quantity:
"ArpeiBao, “ArpelBew. Cy. Bardjos with Attic Baewréus, Leja and
lepéa. But the frequent Adds never has the Attic form Acds.
4. Compensative lengthening ix sometimes found where it is not
in Attic, as @voe (Eivros), elven (Lestiian deca), xovpy (xéppa),
potvos [ndv05], oFpos (pcos), Soupds [Bau], wos (curpos).
¢. Diphthongs occasionally preserve . where it is lost in Attic
before a vowel: ated, alerds, dreAciero (§ 47 7), veaimeieree, dou), wvouy,
1, Buty is lost before a vowel in aixéa (wxda) "Ips B 786, in -00 for
-oio ii genitive ending of the second declension (§ 35 6), and in éuéo
for gudio, ete. ; of xpureiore A 246 with ypmrdy A 15. Ax in Attic,
the penult is sometimes short in vids (as A 489, 4 473). In these
cases «has turned into y. Likewise v is somotimea dropped between
two vowels, — becoming w. Seo § 59 k 8.
24, Contraction. Conovrrent vowels generally remain uncon-
tracted: déxox, Dye, edie (in nominative and vocative singalar),
Sis (Gres = oviv, ewe), Attic of ix regularly a before two conso-
nants, and the adjective is always és or us. Patronymies from
nouns in -ews form -etdys, -dwr, us ‘ArpdBys AT, Tptetova A 197.
Thos uncontracted vowols wero originally separated by a conso-
‘nant. (H. 37 D; G, 846.)
25, Synisests. a, Vowels which do not form a true diphthong
may be blended in pronunciation into one long sound, for example, —
*Arpdda —v v—, Souda T 27, 5) ofrus A 151, 5) are A 340,
rohiog B S11, “loriuay B 537, oryer dey | P 414, in which v1 4 must have
had very nearly the pronunciation of its cognate semivowel y.
The genitives of the first declension in -ew, -eov are always pro-
nounced with synizesis. (H. 42 D; G, 47.)
>. Synizesis often served the purpose of the later contraction.
Jpéuy did not differ in metrieal quantity from judy.
E28. VOWELS AND VOWEL CHANGES ly
| 26, Crasiz is not frequent. Note rowvem (rot tea) A 291,
wirds E 396, xjucis B 238 (nai ucts), rdAka A 465 (rh Adda).
(76; G. 42h)
RT. Hiatus (H. 75 Dy G. 34) is allowed:
a. After the vowels «and v, as dye dfvderrs E 50,
| b. When the two vowels between which it oceurs are separated
| hy a carsura (xabjero dreyvdppare A 569) or by a diaeresis (8 58 h):
q soldom after the first foot (avrip 5 fw A 833), more frequently
| after the fourth foot (fyxa dfuiera E 568). Hiatus between the
short syllables of the third foot is allowed nearly as frequently as
in all other places together, —more than two hundred times. ‘This
I freedom of hiatus emphasizes the prominence of this caesura
@ 58 @).
| ¢ When the final vowel of the first word is long and stands in
the accented part of the foot (§ 57 a), as 1 oe nani aloy A 418,
Seo fG0hke
| 4, When a long vowel or diphthong loses part of its quantity
Tefore the following vowel (§ 50 4), as ni 8° dys of Avow A 29,
4 78 t of xpatruy A 28. The final and initial vowels may be
said to be blended in the first example, while in the second the
final letter may have been pronounced as y, This is called week
‘or improper hiatus ; it is essentially the same as the following.
@ When tho last vowel of tho first word is already elided, as
pepl TAxnusie Dye Tyee A 2.
NB. Hiatus before words which formerly began with a con-
sonant (§ 82) is only apparent.
‘Whe poet did not avoid two or more concurrent vowels in the
same word (§ 24).
28, Elision, (H. 79; G.48,.) a. & (in inflectional endings and
Th dpx and fa), ¢, %, 0 may be clided. a is sometimes elided in the
“yer endings. oc is elided seven times in pol, three times in roé,
Ghee in wf A170 (unless ot co olw oF of gor dio should be read
for of8é 0° diw).
76, xpd, dvri, wept, vf, and the conjunction dr do not suffer
M. Sr’ is for Sre (either the temporal conjunction or the rela-
réatlixed; § 42 9), + for ré or roi.
Wi INTRODUCTION $280,
c. cis seldom clided in the dative singular, where it may origi-
nally have been long.
4 Oxytone prepositions and conjunctions lose their accent in
elision; other oxytones throw the acute accent upon the preceding
syllable, a8 ra ada [xaxd] A 107.
N.B. Elision is not left to the reader, as in Latin poetry.
29. Apocope. (H. 84 D; G: 53.) a, Before a consonant the
short final vowel of dpa and of the prepositions dui, card, mupd may
be cut off (droxom, droxérre), The accent is then thrown back
upon tho proooding syllablo (although it might be more rational to
consider it lost, as it is in elision),
b, After apocope, the v of dvd and r of ard follow the usual
rules for consonant changes: dureraddy T 365, dy meBloy E 87,
éPPadey E 343. (nurdfodey), wi8 8 (nari Bf) frequently, xderave
2 164 (nardnrave), narneoéryy E 560, xappeovrn E ALA, mi\here % 223
(sarédure),
¢ avépvow A 459 is oxplained as derived by apocope, assimila-
tion, and vocalization of ¢, from dvd and peptw, Cy. $ 32 A.
a. Apocope was no mere metrical Heense; it was common in the
conversational idiom of some dialects. More striking examples of
apocope and assimilation than any in Homer are found in prose
inscriptions,
CONSONANTS AND CONSONANT CHANGES,
80. a. Where collateral forms appear, one with single and the
other with doubled consonants, the form with two consonants
in generally the older, or justified etymologically, na rece’, root
(from wo8-r1) 3 veinecrare, veineae (veiKos, vaxer-), Srmas (Sxeos, of. Latin
quis, ete), dere, rh.
b. Single initial consonants, especially A, jv py 0 are often
doubled (a8 p is in Attic) when by inflection or composition » short
vowel is brought before them (ace § 59 4), as dAAlowere % 45, DAaPe
rst.
¢, But sometimes p is not doubled where it would be in Attic, as
Gkupéy E 598, raring A 361,
gsi. CONSONANTS AND CONSONANT CHANGES vil
4. Palatal and lingual mutes often remain unchanged before »,
8 Wper [Topev], nexopuDudvos.
¢. Lingual mutes are commonly assimilated to a following o, as
wera! (wod-m). 7 is sometimes assimilated to mor v: tape
[evar] for éopern, doyovss, white, for dpyer-vos, a8 dpyoviow F 198,
Sm for feovyus (§ 32 2), dpeBervy E659 dark, ef. EpeBos.
1. ois frequently retained befote o, a8 docoya from the stem
to, tréherve (cf. rédos from the stem reAer), B&couw, from the
stem Bedeo.
g- Botweon » and A or p, B is sometimes developed, as aBporos
from stom ppo or pop (murder, Latin mors, morior), while in Bpords,
mortal, the p of the stem is lost; péuPduxe A 11 from pAo or moX
(Gf. tpodov) ; Fufpores, worist of dpaprdve. Cf. the of avdpée and
the 6 in English chamber (camera).
B. xiuBade E343 is found occasionally in the Mss. as a variant
reading, a softer pronunciation for x¢BBare ($ 29 b).
£ A parasitic + appears in wrddes, wrddquos for rides, woke
pos. Of. &ixbd, rpix0d with Attic diya, rplya. The proper names
Neoptolemus (Neowrédepox) and Ptolemy (Urodepatos) preserved this
7 toa late period.
j. The rough breathing (h) has no power to prevent clision or
weaken hiatus. ‘The smooth breathing is found with several words
which have the rough breathing in Attic, as dupe [qnae], Jpap
Lindon}, taro (from aAdonns), fasos [Pros], “ACBys [“AuBys], jis [Zo
&. The y movable was written by some ancient critics after the
‘ending -« of the pluperfect, as BePAgeav E 661, fdyav 2170; of
Honar F888 (jancer), ébdpar (impf. oF popiw) S137, It is freely
used before consonants to make a syllable long by position (§ 59 f).
L The final ¢ of adverbs is omitted more often than in prose,
Not merely ef and dc, ofrue and ovrw, but also wie and ws, woAAdeie
and wodAder, dpi and audi (adverbial), ars found as collateral forms.
BL. Metathesis of « and p is frequent (HH. 64; G. 64): xupbiy
BAS2, apadly « B53; xdprurroe A 266, xpdros A 509, Kpdrudos B 676,
and Kdprules, Cf. rpardouer T AA from réprw, repmexépavvos from
tperw.
” For the shifting of quantity from -ao and -o to -e, see § 23 e.
ii a
viii INTRODUCTION $92a,
32. The Digamma, (H. 72D.) a. The following words scom
to liave been pronounced by the Homeric poet more or less con-
sistently with initial digamma (consonantal w, vau, ¢, pronounced
as English w):—
dyn, break, Tis, enough, iin, am captured, dud, king, dvBdve,
please, dpacs, thin, dpvés, lamb, dorv, city, % of, of, him, oto, with a
possessive pronoun ds, 7, dv (és atA.), dap, spring, fra, wedding gifts,
dOvos, tribe, eixom, twenty, duo, yield, pw, say (future dpéw), duds, far,
Exnerros, each, Leopos, fither-inclaw, éxsiv, willing, EXBowse, desire, &décra,
wind, Dzoua, hope, dws (Ferri), clothe, tathis, Tuara, clothes, tos,
word, ipyor, Spbu, work, iptw, draw, sowpos (ves per), evening, &, six,
tros, your, éys, companion, His, sweet (drBdre, please), HOos, hannt,
fps, favor, iixo, ery aloud, iquos, desire, strive, wav, see (and ola, Kba¢),
Teedos, like, Zona, am like, Te, strength, sinew, Toy mightily, Taos, eyuat
(of: Furor), True, felly, and Iréy (withe), willow, ofxos, house, olvos,
wine, ts, as.
b. Probably "Aus, “Ips, and several other words also were pro-
nounced with initial
€. dvddvw, % invpos, %, sj0cx, and others seam to have begun
originally with two consonants, of.
4. In more than two thousand cases ‘apparent hiatus’ (8 27 /)
is caused by the omission of initial ¢. Less frequently a ¢ inust
be supplied in order to make an apparently short syllable long by
‘ position’ (§ 59 j).
@ ‘Tho verse alone affords no sufficient tost for the former oxist-
ence of ¢ in any word; it only indicates the loss of some conso-
t. This is not conclusive evidence for f, since « and y were
also lost. Which consonant originally was present has to be
learned in each case from inscriptions of other Greek dialects,
from a few notes of ancient grammarians, and from other cognate
languages; of: ipyov with work, olvos with wine, olxos with vious and
wich (in Norwich), tros and dy with vox,
f. The sound of ¢ evidently was going out of use in the Homeric
period. It is not infrequently neglected in our texts, and sometimes
this neglect scems to be due to the poet himself, but ¢ oan be
restored in many passages by minor changes. For vliy éenéAor
$386. DECLENSION lx
A 21 it is possible to road ula pexyBéror, for wévrenn 8° drdovay
A 288 it is easy to read waew & pavéroey, and xepod pexnBdrou for
yepoly deyBédov ALA. Perhaps erdva pir f° ddéave % 167 may have
Deen wrdvae péy pe era.
g- That the sound of ¢ was still alive in the Homeric age is
shown by the accuracy of the poet in its use where comparative
philology shows that it ouce existed But it had disappeared from
some words, and was often neglected in others.
b. ¢ sometimes leaves a trace of its existence in its cognate
vowel w: aidproay A 459 for é¢ppwray ($ 29 ¢), radarpwow E289 for
tuAd-fpiwor. 80 doubtless drovpas A 356 for dro-rpds.
1. Some irregularities of quantity may be explained by this
vocalization of ¢, Thus droandy T 35 may have boon dropamdv,
pronounced nearly as drovardy, atlaxo finds its analogy in yivero
fag} A 456 (yérerovayy)).
j. A neighboring vowel sometimes seems lengthened to compen-
sate for the lons of ¢ ($ 59 ¢).
kk, An ¢ sometimes was prefixed to a digammated word and
remained after the ¢ was lost, a9 déAdup, éeixooy, dépya, te
1. Sometimes tho rough breathing ropresonts the last remnant
‘of a lest consonant (especially in the words which once began with
of, a8 dvbdvw erd.; of: c, above), a8 éxuin, Zormepos Often the same root
varies in breathing, as dvédvw and avs, but fBos,—vryp, but dod}.
m. For the augment and reduplication of digammated verbs, seo
§4gd.
Bm For Sceibu, Spyjv, too § 59 h.
DECLENSION.
93. Special Case Eudings, (11. 217; G. 292 f.) a. The suffix
d(x), & remnant of an old instrumental case, added to the stem,
forins a genitive and dative in both singular and plural; dyéAnd,
‘in the herd, Ts, with might, vatdu, from the ships.
‘b. The (old locatival) suffix -@ is added to the stom to denote
© place where: G6 (ot), where, rps [rydoi], far away.
" & The (old ablatival) suffix Ge is added to the stem to denote
whence: Sev, whence, “leydw, from Ida, otpaydbey, from
Ix INTRODUCTION $i3d.
heaves. Cf. évret@ey. It forms a genitive with the pronominal
stems, 18 Wey civera L128, xpd Wev E 96, rier A 180,
4. The suffix -oe ix added to the stem to denote place whither +
dire, thither, mdvroce, in all directions, érépoce, to the other side,
e. The enclitic de is added to the accusative to denote more dis-
tinctly the limit of motion: olxévBe, Aomeward (also otnude, especially
of the return of the Achaeans to their homes), dvde Séporde, to his
own house, dade, seaward, xuolyvbc, to the tent, Otdrupxdvde, to Olym-
pms, xopate, to the ground, Oipake (Oipas-8e), to the door, out.
84. First Dectension. (H. 194 ff.; G. 168 ff.) a. y is found
for final a of the stem with the exceptions mentioned in § 23.
b. The nominative singular of some masculines ends in -ra
for -rys: iwwéra, horseman, pyriera, counselor, Cf, the Latin
poets, nauti, eptowa, far sounding, is used also as accusative,
eye A 498.
All of these words are adjectival (titular) except @vérra B 107.
The genitive singular of masculines ends in «do or (by trans
for of quantity, § 23¢) -w. After a vowel this ending may be
contracted to -w, a8 Aivciw E 534, Bopiw W 692, &ypmpedw A 47.
‘The ending -en is always pronounced as one syllable by synizesis
(6 25).
The Attic ending -ov (apparently borrowed from the second
declension) is not used.
4. ‘The genitive plural ends in -auy or -cwr: Ocdwy, Bordon -cow
is regularly pronounced as one syllable.
@ The dative plural ends in -poi(v) or rarely in -ye.
35. Second Declension, (H. 101 ff.; G, 189 ff.) a. The geni-
tive singular has preserved the old ending -, which, affixed to the
stem-rowel, makes -ov.
b. ‘The termination -vo (shortened from -o1o, of: § 23,f) is indicated
by the metar in certain places where all the Mss. give a corrupt
form, ux dyuréAcerov 50 Kéog of nor" dAdira B25. CY. “Iplrow B 518,
*Aaydyeiod B 731. It is to be recognized alo in Merebo B 552 for
eredoo, from Nereis for Meredos.
‘The -oo was afterwards contracted to ov.
¢. Tho genitive and dative dual end in -ouv: rotv, Spour
“gata DECLENSION iki
@. ‘The dative plural ends in -owi(s) or -os. As in the first
declension, the long ending is the rule; the short ending is vory
rare before a consonant.
96. Third Deolension. (H. 168 ff.; G. 205 ff.) a. ‘The ending
of the dative singular is sometimes long and sometimes short.
Tt is seldom elided. It is often long before a single consonant, but
only in the first syllable of the foot: Aud pijrer drddavros, oft drep-
pert pidov B 116.
b. The dative plural has the Aeolie ending -<er(v) as well as
the Attic cv): wéBerm, roan! (3 30 1), oe, — ibpare, dvd, —
xbeero, coal, —vjeror, vqvel, — pypvdvreror, pipvover.
& Nouns in «s and -vs usually retain « or v throughout, but in its
stead may insert <, which is sometimos lengthened, as wéAyes (wéAas).
@. Nouns in-cvs gonorally lengthen « to q (perhaps in compen-
sation [§ 59 ¢] for the v which between two vowels becomes ¢ and
is aii a8 Barc, Bacidjjos.
37. Anomalous Forms, a. As verbs appear in the present system
with a variety of collateral forms derived from the same root
(CF ines incivw, Txvéopar, — wevPopas, wvvPdvopas, — pero, wlaroy poavdte,
—dyeia, dxayo, dxyyua), so nouns of different declonsions are
sometimes formed from the same root and are used without appre-
ciable difference of meaning.
b. Some nouns have both vowel and consonant stems: édxy
P45, but dat B 299; epinpos éraipos 4 266, but tpinpes érutpor T STS 5
6f; wohvfras BS06 with woXtrac, fpoy (A 469) and yédos are used for
‘the Attic dows and pos.
© Of wids throe stems are found: (1) vids, vidv, vié The other
forms of this declension ure very rare. (2) vidos, vidi, vida, as if
‘from atts. (8) vlos, vf, via, as from a nominative vis.
In thig word the first syllablo is sometimes short (§ 23), as ib
ig in Attio and in othor dialects.
4. Certain names of cities are found in both singular and
“ploral: Mucjey 5 52, Mvejras B 569; Grfye A 378, @jBag E 804;
: B GAG, but "Adjryv y 80. Instead of the later plural @erma‘,
“Homer uses only the singular: @dowaay B 498, [dramy
lxii INTRODUCTION pasa
ADJECTIVES.
38. a, Some adjectives of three terminations are used as if of
two terminations, ie. the mageuline form ie used also for the femi-
nine: if@inovs Yuyds AS, xAvrdy “Lemodduaa B 742, pépa movdi
E 776, UsAovo jyabderos B 77.
b. The feminine of adjectives in -v¢ ends in i (gen. -ems), =
(§ 23) or ~cy + abeia, — sein, — Baduins, Babys, —maxe%y, — Baliyr.
© modvs (wovAvs) has in the masenline and neuter both stems
wohv- (rovav-) and moddo- (for moAvo-, § 37 @), with a nearly oom-
plete set of forms for each: woAAds and moAAsy, woAéor, woAGS, OAS,
modécomn, Ker.
VATRONYMICS.
99, (H. 559; G.846f,) a. Suffixes which originally expressed
connection or possession are used to form patronymic adjectives.
‘Tho original force of these suffixes is occasionally preserved : (col)
Oipariwves A STO is a more adjective of connection, like (Geoiem)
Frovpaviown % 129; Homer does not recognize Otpavds as the ances-
tor of the gods. "OAumidées potom B 491 is equivalent to potoa
*Odtuma Séuar’ Eyovaut B 484.
b. Patronymics are frequently used as proper names; of. "Arpedys
A 7, Meoriddy A 307, before the names Agamemnon, Patroclus
had been mentioned. Cf the English names Thompson, Wilson,
Richardson, Divon, Dix, Ricks, eto,
A. c The patronymic is formed from stems of the first declen-
sion by adding -8u-: Adynuidso B 624, or more frequently by adding
-wBa-, 28 Aacpruidns F200,
4. This analogy, giving an ending in -uiéys, is followed by stems
in -w of the second declension: Mevoruidys. So also by stems of
the third declension, a8 Tdyddem A 1 (as well a8 MyAdine X 816,
TyAdwva A197). See j, below.
e. The suffix -8a- is added to stems in o, and the o is lest as in
d above, as Kpordys, —nlso to nbems in ev, which lose their » between
two vowels (of. 23 /), a8 'Arpeiéns A 7,—also to consonantal stems,
as ‘Ayapeuvovibys a 30. ‘AvBepléqs & 488 is formed ag from “AvOquos
rather than from "Avbeuiww (Ardqulavos viév & 473).
$100 COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES Ixiii
#. Patronymics from stems in -v, after the loss of the v, do not
in Homer suffer contraction of the « of the stem with the «of the
sulfix. ‘The poet says "Arpdins, “Arpdwy, as tetrasyllables not tri-
syllables, The verse ictus nover falls on the «, although Vergil
wrote Atrides and Pelides,
g- Female patronymics are formed by the suffix «-, which loses
6 before the nominative sign, as XpvorniSa (ave. of Xpwenic) A 182,
Bernie A184. “Ayuldee B 285 corresponds to xofpa. ‘Ayaudy A ATS,
B, b. Patronymics are formed also by the suffix ov, as Kpoviwr
A 523 (with gonitive Kportovos or Kportoros), “Arpetwr, Hnduy, In
those last forms from nouns in -cvs tho « is always short.
4. The corresponding female patronymic is found in "Adpyorinn
E412
f+ TaAniov@ao B 566 ix irregular; it wems to be formed by a
cumulation of suffixes from Téaos. So AaopeBovridéns (AanpeBovridin
T 250) is formed from Anopeddvrios, which itself appears as a patro-
nymio (in the form Acnedévros) in a Boeotian inscription,
+ . Some adjectives in -is are used as patronymics, a2 TAapiénog
Alog B 523, Nodjios vide, of: B 20, Karavjios vlés & 367.
1. The patronyiies in -dy¢ are far more numerous than those in
wr
m. The patronymic is sometimes derived from the grandfather's
mame; Achilles is called Alaxiys B 860; Priam, AupSarBns T 303 ;
the two grandsons of Actor, ‘Axropiwe B 621. Thus in later
poetry Heracles ia called Aleides ("AAxeiByc) from Amphitryo’s father
“AAaulos or “Adxets.
COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES.
40, a. Comparitives and superlatives end in er, <oros more fro
‘quently than in Attic, (I 253; G. 357.)
b. dyofés has vomparativos dpcav (ef: dpioros), Bédripor, xpeioowy,
Adior, déprepos.
— & Ii some comparatives in -repoc the poet has no thought of a
or less degree, bat of a contrast, a8 dypdrepos, wild, dpirrepos,
F opposed to Scfircpos, right. Cf the use of the samo ending
our (as opposed to all others).
lxiy INTRODUCTION §40d.
4. dyo, as in dydvngos, dpe, a8 in dpifmdos, dry a8 in epfripos,
epeBGdag, 8a, a5 in Bépowvos, and Ja-) as in {dbeos, are strengthening
prefixes. Cf. wiumpura.
NUMERALS.
41. (HL 288; G. 372 f.) a. dvi has a collateral form tg Z 422;
ef. the feminine form ia 4 437.
d. Siw, Gio is indeclinable, Lt has the collateral forme Youd,
Boios, wed
PRONOUNS.
a a. Personal Pronouns,
Sixovnan
N. bh tron. wh, ren (B 486),
Ge. Unio (of. $86.0), tua, arin (6f. § BH a), oto do (6h. $35.0), fo (8 23.4).
we (oncl.), guider (§ 23 f), ed (encl.), eb (ench), eer (5 33 ¢)
(G88) (200, nol], elder (GB.c) [wo], [ob].
Di tuot, pot (onch.). ol (onel,), rol (always of (ancl.),
enol).
AL dud ud (oncl.). vé (encl.). 4 (euch), &% aly (encl.)
[avrér).
Duan
NAL rah, N. vd #90, epb, put (ench).
G, D. rdw, opin. epole (oncl.).
Puomat
N. twat, Bae. inet, Sawer.
G. tuedan, huler [hdr]. bualern, Under [Onde]. eatin, oilun, en.
D. pir, Aus. dye, Tuws(v)- opi (encl.), oplar{r) (oncl.).
AL judas, Aue [hudis). inde, Tape [iuis), plas (uncl.), pds (eucl.).
ba Possessive Pronouns.
dubs, my. reds, os, thy. dhe oF br, 4, Sx, owen, hia,
ratrepon, of us two. edalrepor, of you too.
Qudrepos, dubs, our. ‘Spdrepos, dubs, your. eptrepes, opts, their,
c Demonstrative and Relative Pronowns,
4, 4, 7b, this; ts (In nom.), he; obros, this; deetvor, exfoos, that, the (man) there,
VON ; BB, this, the [man] Aere. Relative, & or 4, 4, 8or rb; Nom. pl. rol
oF of, who, which.
Adverbs, obrws, ds or ds, 1as, ede, Cus,
942}. PRONOUNS Ixv
rhe (s)o1, reedrbe, rassuGret, mo great. Telative, éa(e)os, brrdrws, how large,
(as large) an
roller, rodede, row0ros, such. Relative, otos, of what sort, (such) aa,
a. Iuterrogative, Indefinite, and Indefinite Relative Pronouns,
Enter N. ris, xt (rire), Goa, ro [rivos], Ace, rhva, why, which, what? xoior, of
What sort? xérepos, which of two
Indef.. 8. ris, rh, Gon. 10, Aco, ewh, ri, some one, something. .
Tndef. Bel. N. te rus or Graz, Sri oF Gree, Aco. Uerua, jrrua, Seri, Nom. pl. of
‘river, ACC. oir rivar, Have [4 ra).
¢. The oblique cases of the third personal pronoun when enelitie
are ‘anaphoric,’ like atrot «rA. in Attic; when accented they
have their original reflexive uso, like Attic davrov, tuavrot, ceavrod,
xtA., which compounds are post-Homeric,
£. ly, ohoé, opuiy, ri, and ods are always enclitic.
g. a The possessive ds, 7, dv is carefully to be distinguished
from the relative 3, j, 6. This distinction is generally easy, since
the possessive once began with a consonant (¢, § 32 2).
B The place of the possessive pronoun is often filled by a dative
(6f intarest) of the personal pronoun.
hh. atrds regularly retains its intensive force in the oblique cases,
even when not connected with a noun expressed, often marking a
contrast which it is difficult to render smoothly in the English
idiom. Cf § 11 j sin. The presumption is always strongly in
favor of the original use, but all shades of meaning are found,
from the strict intensive to the simple anaphoric use of the Attic
dialect, The weaker uso, as a simple personal pronoun, is particu-
larly common after prepositions.
4. For adros in the sense of doatrws, see i, below. In this use it
thas a large variety of meanings, as (ddpord r') adrws P 220 @ mere
fea without cause A 520, without a prize A 133, abeolutely
B wtinly B 342, without chariot © 255. Most of these mean-
ngs are derived from in the same woy as before, the connection
the special sense of each passage.
ittie article 5, }, 7é generally retains its demonstrative
mer, but, like the intensive pronoun in the oblique cases,
Ixiv INTRODUCTION $ 40d,
4. dy, as in dydemqos, apr, a8 in dplfydox, dpe, a8 in Yplrwos,
dpeBorag, Bus 05 in Bidoivos, and fa, a8 in Ldbeos, are strengthening
prefixes. Cf. réprpwra.
NUMERALS.
41. (HL. 288; G. 372 f.) a. évé has a collateral form tg Z 422;
of. the feminine form ia A 437,
b. So, Séo is indeclinable. It hag the collateral forme dou),
Boiwl, err
PRONOUNS.
42, a. Personal Pronouns,
Suro oran,
R. byd, bebe ob, vtyn (Bi 485),
G. knato (of. $36), tua, edo (of. & BH a), oto ao (of. § BH a), to (fh WP),
i (onch), guile — (§ 23,f), aed (encl.), «i (onch), de (§ 33
(§ 33 c) [éuod, nol]. —odder (8 B5.c) [ro]. , ob}.
D. dyol, yo! (enck). ol (onch), rot (always of (enc!.),
encl.).
A. tad, ud (eucl.). e# (ene). 4 (onch.), &% aly (encl.)
[adr5»).
Duar.
Ni. A. vO, N, 2d. OR, ep, egué (encl).
GD, vO per. opoly (ancl.).
Prenat
Ne tuts, Gaver. duets, Sunes.
G. jeter, ruler [hud]. Ouator, Sadr [dudv). eatin, eddeon, opm
D. yale, Baye. duiv, Sami(v). e@i (encl.), ogler(r) (enck.).
A. ‘tpdas, Biase [hulte). dpdas, Dupe [Ouas). oodax (encl.), pds (eucl.).
be Possessive Pronouns.
duds, my. ‘relay abr, thy. bs or &1, ¥, y, own, hia,
volrepor, of us ti00, eoulrepor, af you two,
‘dudrepes, ube, our. Spérepos, dubs, Your. eetrepos, opis, their,
Demonstrative and Relative Pronowns,
4, 4, 1b, this; Ss (in nom.), Ae; obror, this; dnetvos, xebvos, Chat, (he [man] there,
yom ; We, this, the [man] here. Relative, o or 6, 4, Scr 16; Nom. ph rol
or of, who, which.
Adverbs, obrws, os or ss, 70x, die, thus,
$42}. PRONOUNS Ixy
‘vha(9)es, reobade, rossotres, oo great. Sraseliee brrdrios, how large,
) as.
‘rotor, roideSe, rovtros, such. Relative, clos, of what sort, (auch) as.
4. Jaterrogative, Indefinite, and Indefinite Relative Pronouns.
IntereN. ris, xl (réere), Gen, réo [rizr], Acc. viva, who, which, what! weior, of
achat sort? wérepos, which of too?
Tndlef, 8. rit, ri, Gen. 700, Ave. rk, ri, some one, something. <
Andef. Hel. B. br rie or Sri, Bri ae Bere, Ace. Eerwva, Hrruva, Seri, Nom. pl. of
rises, Ace, oft risus, dirga [4 ra).
¢. ‘The oblique cases of the third personal pronoun when enclitic
are ‘anaphoric,’ like afrof «A. in Attic; when accented they
have their original reflexive use, like Attic davroi, taavrot, ceavroi,
xrA, which compounds are post-Homeric,
f. ple, oui, oui, opi, and ods are alwaya enolitic,
g- a The possessive és, ¥j, dv is carefully to be distinguished
from the relative 3s, 7, 6. This distinction is generally easy, since
the possessive once began with a consonant (¢, § 82 a).
B. The place of the possessive pronoun is often filled by a dative
(of interest) of the personal pronoun.
b. otros regularly retains its intensive force in the oblique cages,
‘even when not connected with a noun expressed, often marking a
contrast which it is difficult to render smoothly in the English
idiom. Of § 11j fin. The presumption is always strongly in
favor of the original use, but all shades of meaning are found,
from the strict intensive to the simple anaphoric use of the Attic
dialect The weaker uso, as a simple personal pronoun, is particu-
Jarly common after prepositions.
4 Por atrws i: the sense of deatrwe, see k, below. In this use it
Tas a large variety of meanings, as (ddpovd 1’) adros T 220 a mere
5 without cause A 520, without « prize A133, absolutely
B 138, vainly B 342, without chariot B 256. Most of these mean-
ings are deriyed from én the same wey as before, tho connection
the special sense of each passage.
}- The Attic article 3, j, 16 generally retains its demonstrative
force in Homer, but, like the intensive pronoun in the oblique cases,
i 6
Ixvi INTRODUCTION §42k,
appears oocasionally in its Attic signification, Elsewhere it is
found as a personal or a relative pronoun,
In their demonstrative use 4, 4, ol al are written aleo 3, %, of, az.
rol, rai, rds are used besides of, al, ds.
k. Thus the absence of the article does not mark a noun as
indefinite; of. phy dee Gd A 1 with arma virumque cano.
Frequently adros is equivalent to Attic doatres (as being the
adverb of tho article; seo ¢, above, and § 56 ¢), while ds 8° avrus
T 339 is equivalent to Attic odrw 8° doatrws.
L The demonstrative article is often followed by a noun in appo-
sition with it, a8 of 8° éxdoyoav "Axaol re Tpide re T 111 dut these
nyjaiced, both Achaeans and Trojans, atrap & Body Upevaey dead dvbpiav
*Ayapduvwy B 402 but he, Agamemnon, king of men, sacrificed an ox.
Gs wWoef
m, Tho forms of the article with initial r often have a relative
foree, but refer only to a definite antecedent, This is a relic of
paratactic construction (§ 21), as is particularly clear in dAAa 7a jidy
wodlav dexpdopev rh Bibuora A125 hut what we took as spoils from
the cities, these have been divided.
n. 7@, the dative of the article (sometimes written 13), is often
used a4 an inforential conjunction, then, in that case,
0. obras is not froquent. It is never used after prepositions.
p. The form de has also a demonstrative use, especially with 0686,
HBG, wal, and. yap.
q. The neuter J is frequently used as a conjunction, like quod.
So also dre and J re.
x. No ono it oF ris oF ps} res, —not oi8ecs or pydeds. obdiy is rare,
CONJUGATION.
43, Augment and Reduplication, (H. 364 ff.; G. 510) a. The
augment was fora time considered unessential ; whether temporal
‘or syllabic, it may be omitted in the Homeric poems. ‘The syllabic
ougment is omitted rather more frequently than it is used; the
temporal augment is used rather more frequently than it is omitted.
When the augment is omitted, the accent is thrown back as far
as possible, as reiye Ad, Bdtrorro A 10, dgfa A 25; of: adrweror
gute CONJUGATION lxvii
[raréeroy] A 598, tuBade [évGoArc] F139. This free omission of the
augment is vory odd, since this clement was an old inheritance of
the Greek language, and has never been lost, even to the prosent day,
b. When the augment is omitted, monosyllabic forms with long
vowel take the circumflex accent, as 8) for {8y, 6% for apn, po for
tu.
¢ Sometimes initial p is not doubled after the augment, as dete
B 400; somotimes initial A, », or is doubled after the augment, as
Mae P34.
4. Stems which originally began with a consonant may take the
syllabic augment or reduplication, a8 Zamoy, éyxe,— dou, Zopya.
e. The second aorist active and middle of verbs whose stem
begins with a consonant is often found with a reduplicated stem, as
Gumenadsr, irerpe, rerécorto, weriBoyser, terayr, xexuporaro.
f. The so-called Attic reduptication is more common in Homer
than in Attio, and its use extends to the second aorist, where the
augment also may be used (¢f: Attic Fyayor), 98 Ypape, Spope, Hpixaxe,
and the peculiar form jufrare B 245 from évéwro, in which the fina)
consonant of the theme is reduplicated with a as a connective.
f BeBouea and Sein have irregular reduplication; probably these
are to be explained as for deBpouxa, Bedpia. Cf. § 50 A.
f. fsyopa (from peipowa) and feeyua (from oeia) double the
initial consonant and prefix ¢ as if they began with two consonants.
4A, Bndings, (0. 375 0.; G. 551 1, 777 ff.) a. The singular
endings -ps, Ou, -v1 occur more frequently than in Attic; especially
=m andor in the subjunctive, as ops (Tw), dydyops, ogee [262ry),
Bidge. Theeo entlings are rare in the subjunctive of the contracted
peforms, as Byer [59] A 129.
b. Tn the pluperfoct, the older endings -ex xrA. are preserved.
‘The third person singular ends in -e(r) or -av ($ 30k), as BeSjwew
‘A221, Foe B 409.
€ The edcond and third persona singular of tho first acrist opta-
tive active end in -cas, -cie{v), a8 pelraas, aadéreer. The second per-
won in <u occurs very rarely. The third person in ~« is more
‘common, a8 yyGjea A 255. ‘Tho third person plural ends in -aay, as
- rleway A 4%, deotrcar B 282.
Leviii INTRODUCTION gud
4. The third person plural optative active of w-verbs ends in xv,
tas chev, Brucier, doter.
e. The third person plural imperative ends in -rwy, -eBwy (never
-rworay, -rBucrav).
f. a, Active infinitives (exeept in the first aorist) frequently end
in-pom, which is sometimes shortened after a short vowel to -yey,
88 Yupevas, dyuew [elas], &AOGuer(a) [rDev], reOvdpar(ae).
B. Tho shortening of -wawu to -ae occurs gonerally before a
yowel, where it may bo called clision,
y The ending -va is found only after a long vowel, as dovsa.
4 ‘The second aorist active infinitive sometimes ends in -cav, a8
Gvylev B 393, weodew Z 82. (Perhaps these were once dvyduer,
werkutr:)
g. Aorist passive infinitives end in -peyac or -vax.
h. Tho second person singular of the middle genorally remains
uncontracted (§ 24), a8 ddipeu, iya T 130, Birkeo A 297. Con-
tracted forms are used occasionally, a8 perarpémy A 160, yvioy
B 365, xeehjoy T 138.
1. In the perfect middle, ca: regularly loses its o.
J. -vo retains its ¢ only in the imperative, a8 down, Trrago.
i. Tho first person plural middie often ends in pera.
1, The third person plural of the perfect and pluperfect indica-
tive middle often, and of the optative middle always, ends in -aras,
sao for rat, -vro, Before these endings smooth labial and palatal
mutes are aspirated, as émrerpddarae (perfect passive of trerpérw).
m. The third person plural indicative of the sorist passive
generally enda in -ev instead of -yruy, a8 }yepey A ST, ddavbey A 200,
rpddey A251 dérpayey A 531. Cf. the active tAvowy, EAvo-v.
n. Similarly, » is used for the later -oay in the imperfect and
second aorist of peverbs, as diner [fuiqcay] A 273, tert, ovty
[Yoryour], ‘Bar [%Byour] ($ 22 6).
0. For tho optative ending of px-verbs, in te, not -ryoay, seo d,
above.
a. The variable vowel (‘connecting
vowel") of the subjunctive is generally short in the present of
verbs in -ps, the first aorist, second aorist of j-forms, second aorist
Site. CONJUGATION Ixix
passive, second perfoct of primitive formation, a8 Prwopev, dycipoper,
Toper, Oclopev [Gipev], rporeioper, bapelere, cibopev [eidipev], wero(omev,
(H. 873 D; G. 780.)
‘This short vowel is found before the endings -pev, -rov, -re, and in
middle forme.
b. A few forms of the first orist have a long vowel, following
the analogy of the present, as dyAsjoqra: PLOT.
¢. There are no certain examples of the short mode-vowel in the
present of verbs in-w. (For BovAera: dvrudas A 67, Bowryr” dvruicas
may be substituted, ete.)
XN.B. The forms of the first aorist subjunctive are easily con-
fused with those of the future, with which they are identical in
‘uppearance.
48. Optative Mode. Yor the optative endings, wee 44 ¢, d.
AT, Contract Verbs, (Hi, 409 D; G. 784 ff.) a. Verbs in -aw
exhibit unchanged, assimilated, and contracted forms; the poet's
choice between contracted and uncontracted forms seems to have
been determined largely by the rhythm. ‘The yowels ate regularly
contracted when the second is in a short syllable.
>. Uneontracted forms without assimilation occur rarely, as
ravioy T 25. (otra 5 525 and often, is a second norist; seo § 53.)
Probably such forms were more frequent in the earliest form of the
¢. The yowels of tho uncontracted forms are generally assimi-
Tated, a prevailing over a following « or » but being assimilated to
6, », ut ow ‘These forms are intermediate between the original
and the contracted stage.
4. Ono of the vowels is usually lengthened in the text of the
Mas Sometimes this appears to be o conformation to Attic usage
(8 22 9).
@. Verbs in <o genorally remain uncantranted (except «, which is
‘generally contracted in the Mas.), but often the uncontracted forms are
‘metrically possible. co is very rarely contracted except in the parti-
ciple ending expos (whore contraction ocours to prevent a too fre
quent reourrence of short syllables; § 59¢). ew is never contracted,
Dut is often pronounced as one syllable by synizesis (§ 25).
a
lxx INTRODUCTION §a7t
£, Sometimes the variable vowel « is contracted with ¢ of the
stem instead of with the termination. One of these vowels is
sometimes dropped, a8 doaipeo A 275,
g- The older form of these verbs, in -cw, is sometimes pre-
served, a8 dredciero A 5, vaxcigor ASTI. See § 23 6.
b. qopéw forma doplay A 144, dopiva B 107.
i. Verbs in -ow aro generally contracted. Sometimes they have
forms with the double o sound, like verbs in ‘aw, a8 torpardwvro
LP 187 (which might be written éoxparsovro), with which may be
compared pus [paos, is] B 49.
TENSES.
48. Future and Kirst Aorist, Active and Middle. (H. 420 #.; G.
T77.) a Pure verbs which do not lengthen the stom-vowel in the
formation of the tenses often have oo in the future and first aorist,
active and middle,
b. In the future the o of the before-¢mentioned verbs often dis-
appears, as dap? A GL, avAtovoa T S83, dddirar B S25.
¢ Stems in é often show oo in the aorist,
4. Most of these forms with ov may be explained as original or
assimilated, as yeixerce, from the theme vaxeo (of. réixos), Kopiroaro
for xopidenro (of: xopsdy), as roont [ron!] for wed. Thus the
stem-vowel of these verbs was not final originally, and hence is not
lengthened in the fature and aorist.
¢. Some stems in A and p retain the « of the future and aorist
{a8 gome do in Attic), a8 Zow A 409, aipous P23, dpoe A 10,
f. The sovalled Doric future with tensesign o« is found in
dewdra: [tora] B 393.
g- Some verbs have a future without tensenign, as es xaceed
ores, fo lie down, Hoya, wiopas, doiw. Most of these verbs are old
presents which acquired a futuro signification. dai is not often
future in Homer; ¢f. B 87.
h. Some verbs form tha first aorist active and middle without o,
as yer Z 419 (from ye for tyes), fovea E 208 (frown aesas), Lerye
AAO (from maw).
$500. VOICES Ixxi
{. The first aorist often has the variable vowel of the second
aorist®//<, a8 tov, dévero. Soin the imperative, as Bjow B 109, dpc
T 250, dgere P 105, ofvere P 103; infinitive, ologuem 120; par-
Hiciple, émPyodpevov E AG,
J. Verbs in -~{w often have themes in y, and thus futures and first
aorlats in fw and -f4, a8 earamdsa A 129, wrodeuitone B 328.
49. Perfect. (H. 446 f.,490; G. 682 ff.) a. The sowalled first
perfect in -na is formed from only twenty vowel-stems. It in
almost as rare as the first aorist in -«a ({wna, &yxa, {yxa). Forms
without « are dorived even from vowel-stems, especially participial
forms, a xéxuycas % 262, but xexpysirr % 261; dureduvia A 613, but
webica d 109,
d, The final mute of the stem is not aspirated,
¢, The endings are affixed immediately to the reduplicated verb-
Stem in Peiacr, yeyairras, Bib, dKeryy, Bucy, xeaenios, tréeOper,
reed.
4. épptygor T 353 and éA@Ay A 164 have the force of present sub-
junctives.
& dxaygjpevor and Lroipevos are accented irregularly as presenta
f. The second perfect often has a long vowel in the stem where
the second aorist has a short vowel, a8 Spuper B 797, Spope BMG.
g In the feminine participle the short form of the stem appears,
BS dpnpds, but dpapvia; hence devia (rerinvix), not eavia, I ISG.
VOICES.
50, Middle. a. The active and middle forms dpiy (about forty
times) and dpaeGa (about twenty times), iv (mors than two hun-
dred times) and iScoGm (ninety times), are used often without
appreciable difference of meaning; of A 56, 203, 262, 587, B 237,
T16h Cf fgaro B 807, iy A O84,
b. ‘Lhe first norist middle is sometimes used without difference
‘of meaning from the socond aorist active, as Bjocro T 262, {By
A 311; a&iero I’ 328, dv P36.
¢. Tho future middle is sometimes used as passive, as r\éo6a
B36. Of Sie
Ixxii INTRODUCTION § 50d,
4. Tho norint middle is often uscd nx passive. Cf. yoAwowaéry
P4183 with orudeis AY, xdpn I 76 with xeyupoiaro A 256, dyéporro
BOA with jyepber A BT, dupéyuro B 41, Alrowro T 160, wrapéroo
T 875, Cf. AerixOpmy E 497 they rallied, OopnySjeu A226 arm
51, Passive. a. For the ending of the aorist passive infinitive,
86e § 41 g.
b. For the ending of the third person plural indicative, see
§ dd m.
c. The second aorist subjunctive passive usually remains uncon-
tracted, and follows the rule of javerbs (§ 52 ©).
4. In the second sorist subjunctive, the passive suffix is often
Jong (and the mode-vowel short in tho dual and in the first or seo-
ond person plural; § 45 @), as Gapyjye P 436 (Bépvyur), rpareloper
TAIL (réprw, § 31), but wrydwow BATS (niyo).
e. Homer has only two futures from passive stems. Of. 50 o,
4. Some verbs have both first and second aorints passive, as
dudyOn BABA, Uubyy T 485,
g. Tho ‘verbal adjective’ is not always passive.
N.B. The passive formation in Greek is comparatively late,
and infrequent in Homer, ‘Che so-called second aorist passive is
closely related to the intransitive aorist active, like {8m dary. Cf.
Ueiqv, learned or was taught,
52, Vorbs in ME (H. 476 ff; G. T87 12) a. Some verbs in
-ps have forms in the present and imperfect indicative which follow
the analogy of contract verbs: r:Od, dior, ddoter, dpic, xpoPéovrr
AD,
b. For the ending -y for -cay, see § 44 n.
¢ The second aoriat subjunctive active generally remains uncon-
tracted, ‘The stem-vowol often appears in its long form with short
mode-vowel in the dual and in the first and second persons plural
(of. $8 45 a, 51 d), as digo A 824, ddwnv [Bdow] A 137, Geloper
A 143 (Inter Hjope, Attiv Oder), youn A 302, dul [26a]
A 567, dvijy [dvi] B BA, dpeiouer A 62 (better dpyjouey, as from an
yu). The short form of the stem is seen in ary [éAyrqy]
A 327,
$55. PREPOSITIONS Iexiii
53. Second Aorists without Variable Vowel. (H. 489; G, 798 f.)
Many second aorists, active and middle, are found without variable
vowel, following the analogy of verbs in m1, as 2Ato A 632 (TAAopa),
bey A 23, into B 120 (Sixona:), Bdiro A 51S (Padrw), KATB A 37,
Riire B 56 (nXvw), obra Z 64, foovro B 809 (cet).
SA. Iterative Forms, (H. 493; G.T78.) a. Iterative forms of
the imperfect and worist indicate the repetition of a state or action,
BS greone 1388. ‘The augment is generally omitted. ‘These forms
‘are characterized by the suffix wx, and have the inflection of the
imperfect of verbs in -w. They are confined to the Ionic dialect,
‘Phe iterative idea is occasionally wanting, as in gree [Jv] P 180,
b. Verbs in -« add the endings -cxov or ~axoynv to the eform of
the stem of the present or second aorist, as doxe, etreone, Berne.
PREPOSITIONS.
55, a. Prepositions often retain their original adverbial force
(88 dv 84, but thercin, dnd, below, beneath, rapa 64, and beside him),
especially with reference to place. They may be placed after the
verbs or nouns with which they are connected. See § 19 (H.
785; G. 1222 ff.) Frequently an editor must be in doubt whether
to print tho proposition as part of the verb or separately.
b. Tho preposition is often separated from the verb which it
Modifies, a2 mip 5 KefarAjvor dudi orlyes ote Adarubval | Seracar
4 330 f., where wip modifies Zoravay.
& Anastrophe. (1.109; G. 116) a. Disyllabie prepositions,
when they immediately follow the word with which they are con-
strned, take the accent upon the penult, except dui, deri, dvd, Sd.
dru Z 331 stands for dvieryh, dx is used for dyeere or diverts, Ere for
dears, péra for péreor, wpa for miperrs E 603 £
B. Elided prepositions suffer anastrophe only when they as ad-
yerbs modify a verb to be supplied, as én’ P45 for érerr, —or by
‘way of exception, in onler to avoid ambiguity, as f¢' A 350, to show
that the preposition is to be connected with the preceding word.
4. @ é has tho parallel forms cy, dv. ely stands only in the
part of the foot which receives the stress of voice, and its use is
nearly confined to certain phrasos, 08 «iv dyopy, civ “AiBao Béyoun.
Ai |
Ixxiv INTRODUCTION § 550.
B. The poet uses both é and cs, =pds, xpor’, and word, ixd and
fat (B 824), rupd and rupai (B 711), trip and treip (B 426).
© dui, divi, and perd are used also with the dative.
4. For tho short forms of dni, xard, mapd, 800 § 20,
ADVERBS.
56. (H. 257 #f.; G. 365 ff), a A predicate adjective is often
used where the English idiom hasan adverb or an adverbial phrase,
a8 xAatic {By A ALA went yesterday, heply A 497 early in the morning,
mavypipin A 472 all day long, xpynjs B58 (pronus) on his face,
wacorro Gaye! A 52 burned thickly, peraréfiov E 19 between the
breasts.
B. mpédpuv, willing, is used only as a predicate, where the English
idiom uses willingly.
b. Adverbs ending in -a are common: wdpa (not cade), rdya
(raxéws only once), dxa (nob dxdws). These seem to have been
originally neuter cognate accusatives, and many are such still;
WEAN’ ErércXAg moANA fiparo, wéya njzie, weydh’ eDyero. See on A 78,
c. Adverbs in -ws are not common; they are most frequent from
ostems: otras (bros), de (5), adros (atzds), xaxids (xaxds). Tows and
dpotws are not found, «adds only 8 63, dws only S347.
HOMERIC VERSE.
‘The beginner should remember that, while both Homer and
Vergil use the dactylic hexameter,
(2) Homer has far more dactyls than Vergil; his verse is much
lighter and more tripping (§ 57 d).
(2) Homer slightly prefers a pause between the two short syl-
lables of the third foot (§ 58 c), while Vergil strongly
prefers a pause after the first syllable of that foot.
(3) Homer freely begins his verse heavily, with one or two
spondces, while Vergil prefers a dactylic beginning.
(4) Homer has a spondeo in tho fifth foot (§ 57 A) more com:
monly than Vergil.
(8) In the Homoric text, elision is already made,
xxvii INTRODUCTION §o7b.
b. The written word-accont must be disrgarded in reading
Homeric verse. Occasionally the verse-ietus and word-accent, may
coincide (as in a 1, quoted in § 58 c), but the word-accent had no
influence on the formation of the verse.
«. The dactyl* ¢ Ay By) or_—v v), With the ictua on the first
syllable, is the fundamental and prevailing foot of Homeric verse,
It is often replaced by a spondes? or heavy dactyl (J J or__).
Dactyls are about three times as frequent: as spondees in the
Homeric poems.
4. Verses in which cach of the first five foot is a dacty! are
far more common in Homer than in Vergil; there are 160 in the
first book of the Iliad nlone, and very nearly throe thousand in
the entire Iiad, Many froquently recurring verses have this
rhythm; as rdv'8" drazeéuevos mpooddn méBas dbs "Axed, —abrap
mel wéovos nat dyrios éé tpov ro. Many other verses have but one
spondce (generally in the first foot) among the first five fect; as
Fos 8 Hauos Karey wat eet xvas FAS. Seven verses, according
to tho usual text, have each six spondees: B 544, A 130, w 221,
0 834, f 18, x 176, 192,
@. Spondees are most common in the first two ; they are
more and more avoided in each foot toward the close of the verse,
4, The first foot allows more freedom than any other. A short
vowel there mors frequently retains its natural quantity before a
mute and a liquid, and yet ig more frequently longthened in the
‘naccented part of the foot before that combination. At the close
of the first foot, hiatus is allowed (§ 27 b).
g: The bucolic diacrosis (68 A) is seldom immediately preceded
by a word of three long syllables. Before this diaeresis, a dactyl
ia strongly preferred.
b. Verses which have a spondee in the fifth foot are called
spondaic verses (fr omovBcard). ‘Thoy are more eotaman in Homer
than in the Latin poots,—ubout four per cent of the verses of
the Mad being spondaic,
4 This name is borrowed from tdicrvhos, finger, and the fanciful explanation was
given that this foot, like the finger, has one long anit two short elements,
* This namo is derived from the use of this slow, solemn measure in the
hymns which accompanied the Ifbation (erard#) 10 the gods
$580, CAESURAL PAUSES Lexvii
4. These spondaic verses soem especially frequent at the close of
emphatic sentences or of divisions of the narrative (ef. A 21, 187,
291, 600) and in descriptions of suffering and toil, but often no
thythmic effect is sought; the convenience of the verse determined
the measure.
4. In about half of the cases, a word of four syllables closes the
spondaic verse. Never should the fifth foot be filled by a disyl-
labie word.
&, The last foot in cach verse is a spondee, but the final syllable
may be short; the deficiency in time is then made up by the slight
pause which follows at the end of the verse (§ 69,2). A heavy
or congonantal ending is preferred; hence the »movable is often
used.
1 Though the student need net concern himself about elision,
as in Latin poetry, yot he must be watehful for synizesis ($ 25).
CAESURAL PAUSES.
58. (H. 1081; G. 1642.) a, Each verse has one or more caesural
pauses (coesura = ropy, cutting), — pauses within a foot.
}. The principal caesura of the verse is always a pause in the
sense, which is often indicated by punctuation, but occasionally
commas are found where no pause is necessary, and at times the
poet indicates by the rhythm a pause where not even a comma
could stand, as A 152, 154,
Of course no pause can be made immediately before an enclitic,
Since this is closely connected with the foregoing word.
« A caesura is found almost always in the third foot; only
185 verses of the Mind and seventy-one of the Odyssey have no
Pause there. It oovurs either after the first syllable (as piu
dade Ged 5 Wydpidbew “AysAjos A 1 a_vuliA
vu} _)) or between the two tort ‘ryllables (Woda po Brvene
Motion A wolvrporoy o& pada wokkd @ 1, uli) _v Nu}
—v¥vl/—vv{__|), These two caesuras are about equally fre-
quent; but the second slightly prodominates and secms to have
been preferred.
i
dxxviii INTRODUCTION 258d.
4, The pause after the first syllable of a foot is called a masculine
caasura, because of the vigorous movement which it gives to the
verse. “Cf. also
Arma yirumqus cano , Trofae qui primus ab orls, Verg. den. 4.1,
and
‘Sat by some namelesa grave , and thought that perhaps tn its bosom
Ho was already at rent, nod tho longed to nlumber boslda hit.”
Longfellow, Boang.
The panse between two unaccented syllables is called a feminine
cacsura, Cf, also
‘This is the forest primeval. , The murmuring plus and the hemlocks.”
Longfellow, Evang.
@. ‘The importance of the caesura in the third foot is marked not
only by the freedom with which hiatus is allowed there (§ 27 2),
and by the evident avoidance of elision at that point, but also. by
the large number of tags of verses which are suited to follow it; as
marhp deSpav re Ociv re, Booms wérna “Hom, Ock Acuxiideros Hy, Ged
yAauxiomes “ABinn proppadie “Adpobiry, Aids Ovyirnp ‘Agpodiry &-
avipibes "Axavol, “Axady xaAnoyuriavwr, xipy Kopowrres “Axaos, dpnipedos
Mevdrnos, diag dvépav Ayopduver, Body dyabds Avoprjdys, Pepivios trwdra.
Néorop eh.,—all of which must be preceded by the feminine
caesura (see d) of the third foot; while ‘Ayanduoros "Axpebuo, ebpb
kpciny “Ayapinver, Hyjropes 48t wdborres, SrapelBero disrnoty re «rd.
must be preceded by the masculine cacsura of the third foot.
Bee § 224, 7
f, The panse after the first syllable of the third footis called the
penthemimeral cavsuca (révre, yur, népos) because it comes after the
fifth half-foot ; it divides the verse into 2443} feet. The pause
between the two short syllables of the third foot divides the verse
into 2f 4- Sf feet.
g- Sometimes the principal pause of the verve is the masculine
cansura of the fourth foot, This is called the Aephthemimeral
cacsurs (érrd, jut pépos). Ibis frequent after a feminine caesura of
the third foot, It gives an energetic movement after a penthe-
tmimeral cassura, when the verse ia divided into 24 +142} feet.
5580. CAESURAL PAUSES Ixxix
b. Sometimes the pause of the verse is at the close of the
fourth foot; this is called the bucolic dineresis (a diaeresis being
& pause at the end of a word detwoon two feet) or cacsura, since
it is most evidently aimed at in the bucolic or pastoral poetry of
Theoeritus. Occasionally there is a transition at this point to
another part of the story, as A 318, 348, 430. This bucolic
diaeresis with the penthemimeral cwesura divides the verse into
241442 feet.
i. The importance of the bucolic diaeresis is marked by the
large number of taga of verses which are ready to follow it, as Bios
"Obuewess, ipaos “Ayuiv, lendra Nicrup, SBpiyoe “Apys, daldquos
“Exrup, OoiBos ‘AnGdAwy, Taddas *ADjvy, Bin Bedwr, pyriera Lass,
todieos duis. See § 22 f. Hiatus is allowed here occasionally.
See § 27 4.
J. Aslight pause occurs often after the first short syllable of
the fifth foot. ‘The poet prefers to close the verse with the rhythm
—~,+—— (where the comma represents the end of a word) rather
than —v u.——; hence ore ricoous A 108, not olf’ trQecoas,
aand Dye yee A 2, not dryex Geen This rhythm is found im all
verses which close with Waaas 'Ad;jvy, DoiBos ‘Ada, dios 'Odve~
grey, "AqeAevs, "Ayasol «rhs
&. The principal pause of tho verso is found seldom at the close
Of the third foot. This would divide the verse into two equal
parts and canse monotony. A wonl ends there not infrequently,
but this is accompanied by a more prominent caesura in the third or
fourth foot; a8 dG Tor rielorovs Boryus dvepas F185, where the
Tast two words are so closely connected that no caesura is felt
between thom.
L Even a slight pause is rare between the two short syllables of
the fourth foot. In nai éreiero pip A 33, the objectionable pause
might be avoided by omitting the augment, but the conjunction is
connected with the verb so closely that no caesura is felt.
m. No sentence ends with the second foot,
a. Tho pause in the third foot gives to the rest of the verse an
ABapaestic movement, from which it is often recalled by the bucolic
diaeresis.
xxx INTRODUCTION § 580,
o. The varied position of the main caesura, and the minor
pauses in different parts of the verse give perfect freedom from
monotony without detracting from the grace and dignity of the
measure?
QUANTITY.*
59, (H. 92 ff; G. 98 ff, 1622) « Metrical convenience or
necessity often determined the poet's choice among synonymous
words ($220, 6). ‘The poct in general preferred the light dactyls
to the heavy dactyls or spondees, and retained in the epic dialect a
large number of dactylic forms which were afterwards contracted.
An amphimacer (—v —, ans, paxpsv) was avoided often by means
‘of apocope (§ 29), synizesis (§ 25), or elision (3 28),
Most exceptions to the rules of quantity are only apparent. The
post, for example, did not lengthen a short syllable by placing the
ictus upon it. Lf an apparently short final syllable stands where a
long syllable is expocted, it is probable either
(1) that the final syllable was originally long, and later lost part
of its quantity ; or
(2) that the following word has lost an initial consonant which
would have made the preceding syllable long by position (see j,
below) ; or
1 Coleridge's lines with regant to the Homeric verse are worth remembering »
“Strongly [t beara us along in swelling and limitless billows,
Nothing before and nothing behind but the sky and the ocean,”
* Tho beginner will flnd it convenient to remember with regard to a, 4 v, the
‘vowels Whose quantity Ix not clear at the fire glance, that
(1) they are short in the final ayllable of any word when the antepenult haw
the acute or the penult has the clreusnflex accent ;
(2 they are regularly short in inflectional éndings, a8 dpe, owe, rpérowes,
réimea, —in tho final eyllables of neuter nouns, ns Boma, Fuap, wlds, Jdepvy— in
walllxes, except wherv » has boon lost before ¢, a4 eet, JoNyr, Tolseea, — tn
particles, especially in propositions, ms dnt, wepl, tw6, doa, try, —and generally
in the second aorlst stem of verbs ;
@) they are tong fn the final ayllable when tho pennit ts long by nature and
has the acute accent ;
(4) they are long when they are the result of contraction, as ériai from
érlvae, fpdv, from lepSy, and ax the final vowel of the stern of nouns af the firwt
declension.
$500. QUANTITY dexxi
(8) that the pause (musical res?) at 2 caesura or dineresis fills
out the time occupied by the foot, allowing the same freedom as at
the end of the verse (§ 67 /).
db. Aconsiderable number of anomalies, however, remain unex-
plained. Prominent among the unexplained anomalies of quantity
is the i of certain abstract nouns, which form such a definite class
that it may be assumed that there was some explanation, perhaps
physiological, for them all; as breporAiger A 205, xpoduniger B O88,
¢ Many apparently irregular variations of natural quantity, as
well as apparent freedom in allowing hiatus, and variations of
quantity made by position (see 7, below), seem to be explained best
by the loss of a consonant, e.g. =Aiéor P322 but Said. A 3, from apd
($82), pépitouy B 863 but peudéres B B18 (yepagores).
4. a Asyllable which contains a long vowel or a diphthong is
Jong by nature. Final a and o are metrically long, although short
a8 regards accentuation,
B. The quantity of some vowels is not fixed, a8-AméAAwros A 1A,
tAmédhov A 380 ; *Apes, “Apes E31 (if the text is right).
y- Most of these vowels with variable quantity were originally
Jong and were becoming short, as the Homeric tos, x@Ade, and
dapos became fvos, xiaAds, and ¢dpos in Attic poetry. seanpurds (of.
Spy clap B 471), Attic tapas, is found in a Bocotian inscription.
Evidently every vowel which at first was long and afterwards
became short must have had at some time a metrical quantity
which could be treated as either long or short, ie. its quantity was
variable.
@ For the length of final : in the dative singular of the third
doclension, see §36«. piv in wply abr’ Z 81 retains its original
length, a3 a contracted comparative.
« With this variation of natural quantity may be compared the
doable forms emplayed in Homer,—one with a single consonant,
another with two consonants, as "AyrAdale A 4, “AyAals A199;
| "Obverals A 430, 'Obvocis A 494; Tpixxny B 729, Tpicys S 202;
Berey A SAL, Erws A 136; wéoooy P 266, poor A 481 «rh, many
of which doubled consonante aro known to be justified etymo
logically.
Ixxxii INTRODUCTION $506,
e. Sometimes a naturally short vowel waa lengthened (not by
the poet, but in the speech of the people) in order to avoid the too
frequent recurrence of short ayllables. ‘This is tllustrated by the
rule for the use of o or w in the comparison of adjectives (coguire
pos but xoupdrepor), and by the words which have a vowel similarly
lengthened in the Attic dialect (a9 G@ivros, mpooyjyopos, bypérys).
We find dnjp but avipes, Mpfayos but UpiapiBys, Ovary but Osyarémn.
4. a. In Homeric verse a syllable which contains a short vowel is
long by position whon the vowel is followed by a double consonant
(é, & y) or by two or more consonants, whether these are in the same
or in the following word or are divided between the two words,
B. This rule holds good also in case of a mute followed by
liquid. ‘This combination rarely fails to make position within
a word, and generally makes poaition when it stands at the begin-
ning of a word, especially when this word is closely connected with
the preceding.
g. a. Sometimes a vowel remains shart before a mute followed
by Aor p, as? Agpodiry LP 380, dudiSpérys B 389, duglBpudrjs B 700,
porparicGa % 336, veio® Kpoviwy A G28, BdAT Mpupiduo TP 356, yop
fa KAvroysjorpys A113. These words and phrases could not have
been brought into the verse if the mute and liquid must make
length by position, and the history of the language shows that this
combination of mute aud liquid was gradually losing its weight.
B. That a mute and a liquid do not always make length by posi-
tion is explained by the ease with which the combination can be
pronounced at the beginning of a syllable, leaving the proceding
vowel short and ‘ open.’
y- Before four words, two of which begin with the donble con-
sonant Zand two with the two consonants ox (not a mute and a
liquid), the preceding vowel remains short: of re ZdcuGov B 634,
ot B Zadar B 824, wpoxéovrd Sxapdvbpiov BAGG, grard oxnéraproy
237.
h. a A single A, ¥, po at the beginning of certain words
may ‘make position’ (cf. § 306): dren vuddiermn T 222 (cf. dyd
wudoy A 420 and English snow), i péya B 239, B 43, B 196, Ate
Moray A 394, tel pepdpe B G61.
$k QUANTITY Ixxxiii
B. So also 3 ‘makes position’ in the stem Seu (Beira, fear) and
always in Sgv, long, a4 Baoev 3 8 ype A 33, of ve pddd Sgr A 416,
det Blas A 515.
1, a. Cognate languages and collateral dialectic forms show that
mest words which in the Attic dialect began with p once began
with op orp. ‘This explains the doubling of the p after the aug-
ment and in composition, as well as its power to ‘mnke position’ in
Homeric verse.
8. Of the instances of lengthening before », many aro only
physiologically explained,—the p-sound being easily continued
until it is virtually a double consonant, But this lengthening
occurs only before certain stems (especially before péyus and its
Kin), —not before pdyorBar, pérer, podvos.
Jj, One of the consonants which ‘made position’ has often been
lost, a8 ypqt BE pur geinvia T 986, Pedros tyeweveds A SL, beds iy P 230
(or Bede cas), of: xaxdr cic B 190, Spndes de P 2, wideave de T 00, of 8°
dp! tway os ef ve B 780. (¢ has beon lost more frequently than any
other initial consonant, See § 32.)
i. a. A long final vowol or diphthong in the arsis of the foot is
generally, but not always, shortened before a following vowel:
"Arpetfine re «al @Ane dvevyjpudes “Ayuol A 1T, ri & eyis of Aviorw A 20.
‘The shortening of a long vowel ix essentially the elision of half the
yowel (5 27d),
B. Final a, o, « are most frequently shortened before an initial
yowol, Final ox is shortened eight times as often aa final y.
y. The diphthongs ending in v scem to hare been more firm in
retaining their quantity than those which end tn «
& This shortening of diphthongs seems to indicate a tendency
of the final ¢ or v of the diphthong to go into its cognate y (j}
OF w (¢) sound and disappear (¢f. § 23 f). In Pindar, also, w
final diphthong is shortened five times as often as long final
‘yowe!. Of course there was no hiatus as long as the y or w was
spoken.
« Final y and y are shortened before au initin) vowel more
rarely than other diphthongs, is seldom shortened except before
‘Gn ¢ or (less frequently) an a.
lexxiv INTRODUCTION go.
1. Before a pause (as before the close of the verse ; see § 57 k), a
short vowel may be used in place of along vowel: demdpow Dpd-
pow ody A19——|—vu|—vu|sA, Not infrequently thus
the short final vowel of a vocative takes the place of a long syl-
lable, even d vit Merewo A 338 ; in such cases the nominative form
generally could be used. The pause in tho rhythm occupies the
remainder of the tims which would be spent in pronouncing a long
syllable, ae d = P| é Before a pause, also, a long final vowel
may preserve its quantity although the following word begins with
w vowel, as ddd’ ofk “Arpeldy "Ayapdpvon A 24,—just as a verse
may close with a short vowel although the next following verse
bogins with a vowel, as épieayre | "Arpelgs A 6
m. A fow vorsos soom to begin with a short syllable, us és jy
rar’ d6vra A 70 (for de gaiby, § 32),
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE
‘Tus Homeric Mes, are better and more ancient than those of
any other secular Greek author. In all, more than one hundred are
known and described. In tho last century about fifty portions of
the Hiad were found written on papyrus in Egypt, — some of them
written before the beginning of our era,—and others are found
almost every year. The most valuable of all Mss, for the Homeric
text, and far the most valuable for the old Greek Commontary
(SyiAua), ig known as Vewetue A, in the library of San Marco at
Venice. It contains the entire Iliad, with Introduction and Scholia,
on 826 leaves of parchment in lure folie, 15 x inches. Tt was
written not later than the eleventh century of our era.
‘The earliest printed edition of Homer was that of Demetrius
Chaleondylas, in two largo and handsome volumes, Florence, 1488,
‘The text published by Henricus Stephanus, /ortae Graect prin-
ciper heroici carminis, Paris, 1566, long served as tho vulgate,
‘The most important critical editions of the Ttiad are those of
Bekker (1858), La Roche (1873), Nauck (1877), Christ (1884), van
Leeuwen and Da Costa (1895).
Convenient text editions are those of Dindorf-Hentze (Leipzig,
1884) and Caner (Leipzig, 1890).
‘The most scholarly English edition of the Miad is that of Leaf,
in two volumes, London, Vol. I, ed. 2, 1900; Vol, IT, 1888,
‘The most complete exegetical edition of the Homeric poems is
that of Ameis-Hentze (K. F. Amois and Carl Hentze), published by
Teubner at Leipzig, with German notes, to which the prosent edi-
tion for schools is greatly indebted.
‘The mast convenient small work treating of (@) the general
Literary characteristics of the poems, (4) the Homeric world, (c)
Homer in antiquity, (¢) the Homeric question, is Homer: An Intro-
duction to the Hiad and the Odyssey, by Professor Jebb, Boston, 1887.
Monro’s Grammar of the Homeric Dialect, 20 ed., Oxford, 1801,
is the best work on the subject is any language.
xxY
a _|
een
w
6
OMHPOY IATAAOX A
“Ada Mrds Xpleov, Nowe erpared, Ixtes drderen
Alpha preces Chrysae, pestis mala, tuegia regum.
‘Alpha the prayer of Chryses sings =
‘The army's plague: the rif of kings?
Aowmdet gris
Invocation of the Muse. Theme of the Tad.
Mivw dade, Ded, Wndrpudden “Aydtos
ovdomerny, y pmupl’ "Axasois adye’ Gyxev,
ed seiBt badiiceurg prays “Adis epatanben
jpduv, adrois 52 Ehcdipia redye xiverow
olavoict re Saira, Avds 5” eredciero Bovky),
Pare rae aera iecear irae aptraaxs
*Arpdins re dvaf dvdpiy nal Bios *Axiddeds.
The Injured Priest. The Avenging Apollo.
tis + dp ade Oetin epide Ewvenxe ptyeo@ar;
Anrots Kal Aws vids. 6 yap Bacihij yorwhes
Pearce £iastreparte’ Spare kuch bkdcorre BD hace
Berets kpboyy heiiacetl dpacipe
"Arpeldns. 5 yap HAGe ods emi vias “Ayady
hurduorss te Oiyarpa depuw r dwepeiot arowa,
oréipar’ exow dv xepaly éxnBbhov "Awd\ewvas
Rests ded. owfurpy, nal Olrorere wdvros *Ayasabe,
"Arpiia Bt pddurra Sie Korpyrope hadi-
“"ArpelSas re nal dddow dunvijpides “Axacos,
= 1
Z |
65
'
FIRST BOOK OF THE ILIAD $
abrov KumBérros: 6 8° are vuxrl douxdds.
er Exar’ drdvevile vedw, pera 8" liv eqeev
Baa Be Krayy)) yever” dpyupéowo Brio.
oiphas wev mparov émuxero Kai Kivas dpyovs,
airap ere’ abroior Bédos éxereunes édueis
BaAN- alel 82 wupal verdov xaiovro Saperat.
Assembly of the Achaeans (53-805). Achillea calls an Assembly to
consult with Regard to the Plague,
éviuap pév dvd otpardy @yero Kha Feoio,
tp Sexdry 5° dyopyvde Kadérvaro hady "AyiAdeds-
1@ yap mt dpect Bice Ocd, Neuxwdevos “Hpy-
xiSero yap Aavady, dre pa Orjoxovras Spiro.
ot 8 ere ot nycpber dunyepecs re yévorro,
trois. 8" duorduevos perédy médas axds "Axidheds
“'Axpetin, viv dupe midiy mhayyBérras die
dy drovooriccy, cf Ka Bdvardy ye diryoywer,
a 5} pod wédqwds re Saye Kal Nods ‘Axavovs.
BAe Sif vive dor dpeloper 9 Tapia
H Kal Gvetporodor, xal ydp r ovap ék Aros fore,
6s K' cima. Gre Téceov exderaro PoiBos “Amé\hwv,
ait’ ap’ 6 y' ciyahas dmpéuderae ef O éxardpBns,
at Kév ros dpyav xvions alydv re Tehelaw
Raiimrel dericcres: pate) we Robyseaheaeus."
: Cslchas states the Cause of the Plague.
‘
Mirer Sis’) de sire" Kut’. pts Reso} rosie Basen,
BUDE E Becropttys: claire shes GN" Sploceor,
5 Bn td 7 evra rd 7 eoodpeoa ups 7 evra,
Metisteca® Sy jour “Axeise Shue elow
Fv Sia pavtoctivqy, viv of sépe DoiBos "Awéh\aw.
7
85
OMHPOY IAIAAOS A
5 adi eb dpovdav dyopycaro Kal peréarer
“GB "Ayeded, Kédeat pe, diidure, pofjoacPar
piv "And\\avos, exarnBederan dvaxros:
rouyap eydy épéw, od B& oven, al por Sporcor
F pe pow mpodpor Ereow Kat xepotv apyfey.
Fi yap siopa dvipa xoruodguer, ds peya wdvrow
“Apyetuy xparée, xal of ameifowrar "Axacoi.
kpeiroww yap Bamdets, Gre xcceras avdpt yépne-
el wep yap Te xo\or ye Kal atrijap Kararély,
Grd re nal perémotey Exe xérov, obpa redéroy,
& arpbecow oir. od 8 ppdoa «i pe cadces.”
tov 8 drape:Bopevos mpooedy modus dKds Axiddevs:
"Oapancas para eine Oeompomov ore ole fa:
ob pa yap "Adda Beidchov, G re oi, Kddyav,
cbyopevros Aavaciat Yeorporias dvadaivas,
od Tis ued Lavros Kai eri xBovi Sepropevaro
Galleaclge mapdiaeet Bapedas yepus:erolow
ouprarray Savady, ob" Hy “Ayameuvova etrps,
és viv moAhby dpiotos “Axady edyera elvas.”
rat tére 5) Odpoyoce kat Woda pavrs dpvpaw-
“obr’ dp’ & y' ebywdas emipéuderar ot” ExarduBys,
BN Bok Aoymapon dv aruuge’ “Ayaudwor
ov8’ axéhuce Osyarpa Kat ove dneddfar’ drowa,
rover’ Gp’ dhye Bonen EenBddos HS’ err Beiorer.
ovd" S ye mpiv Aavaciow denéa hovydy dace,
apy y and warpl dim Sdpevar dhuxemida xolpny
axpidrny dvdrowoy, dyew 8” tepiy exaréu By
és Xpionp: rére xév muy acaduevor weriBoyser.”
106
is
»
FIRST BOOK OF THE ILIAD 5
Aganemnos is ae to give up Chryseis, but demands Recompense
ry ro dy ds cindy Kar’ dp” Kero, roivt 8” eory
pas “Arpeidys, cipd xpclay 'Ayapeuvow
Axuipevos- pévens B2 péya ppéves dpupedarvar
alprhavt’, dooe 5é of mupt Aawmrerdavre elerny-
Kéhyovra mpdirora Kak’ docdpevos mpoodemer-
“nudum Kaxav, o8 md more wo Td Kpryyvor elas’
alel ror 7a ax” éort diha ppeot parreiectas,
éabdov 3° ovre ri ww clas ros ovre réheroas.
xat viv ev Aavaoior Peompoméuy dyopeias,
she 5) roi8” Sed etr teyfhon Cee
adver’ éyd Kovpyns Xpvonidos dyha" awowa
oin Gedov Séarba,—éna word Bothopar abriy
olxor Exav. Kal -ydp pa KAvraxeforpys mpoBBovda,
xoupidins dddxou, emel ov Ber éoti yepeiow,
ob Séuas ob3t duijv, ovr’ dp dpévas ovre te épya.
add Kal ds (érw Bépevan widuy, el 76 y) dpevov-
Bothou’ zy3 hadv odor Syperae 4 dodéoda,
airap tuoi yépas abrix’ erowpacar', Ghpa pi olos
"Apyclay dyépacros éw, dra ote cana’
Rikvoea gig v6 ye-xderes, 8 pot yeas toyere: aly”
Immediate Recompenae ia Impossible,
RAMS! Apetfer’ Fsara qoBdpryt. Bios: “Ayiddads:
“"Arpelin nidurre, dhoxreavdrare mavrov,
wis ydp roe Sdcover yépas peydbyyor "Ayaol;
ob8é rf wou Buev Evryjia xeipeva woddd,
GAG 7a pay todiew eLexpdbouer, ra dé5acras,
Aaots 5” obx eréouxe wadiddoya rair’ dxayeipar.
Meiers uty por aiite Centapies, atcip “Axat
135
140
145
160
OMHPOY IAIASOS A
tpiahj rerparhy 1 dworkroper, ai xé mol Zeds
BGou mdhiv Tpoiny evretyeov eFahamdéat.”
Agamemnon will take the Gift of Honor of one of the Achaean
Princes.
tov 8” drapeBopevos mpowéiy Kpeiov "Ayapenvar
“ph 5) obras, dyaBds rep dv, Peoeinen’ "Ayidred,
Khénre vdq, Exel ob mapehaioear obdE me eirees.
H Bédes, odbp’ airds Ens yépas, adrap eu’ airas
Fada Serdpevor, xédea bé pe riv5’ dwodotva:
GAN’ ef piv Sdravor yépas peydOvpor ‘Ayacot,
dpoavres Kata Oupdv, Omws derdfvov éorrar,—
el BE Ke py Baiwow, eye SE Kev adrds OQmpar
9 redv 4 Alavros lav yépas, 7} ’OBvarjos
akw éhdv- 6 Sé Kew Kexodoiorcrar, Sv Kev Trospat.
GN F ro yey ratra peradhparduerta wai adres,
SLOG SS |S ci a AE RR eSe
4 8" dpéras. enurydis dyelpomer, €5 8° exarduPqv
Ociopev, dv 3° abriw Xpuonida nadurapyor
Pra thles Mitt Série eiiytes doa Donat onl Sere
H Alas H “Wopeveds 7 Stos ‘O8vereds
MRI eou TA NEn wierroe Fema eras ast parr
SA ALUHIGR Recéiryan thisercreab lend eae”
Achilles reproaches Ayamemaon with Ingratitude, and threatens to
roturn to Achaea.
thy 5° dp” indSpa Sav pooddy rddas axils Axthdevs:
“6 po, dvardemy ereyueve, xepSareddpor,
ras ris ro. mpédpwr Srecw weiyrar “Axaov
HiB8iv' APuevas +} avSpderw The pdyerPas;
ERIS leld Wjpdiay. Bier’ Aeon hud ipsritee
100
170
6
FIRST BOOK OF THE TLIAD 7
BSeipo paynodperos, eet od ri wor airiol eloiw:
ob ydp ma mor’ éuds Bots FAacay, ov88 yey inmous,
BBL rar? by O0ly cpsPedaxr Pasravelop
raprov dydijaavr’, mel Fj pada wohhd perage,
ouped re oxidevra Oéhaced re WYyYerra~
Aha oot, d pey' dvades, du’ domdpell”, dpa ad yaipys,
Tyspy dpripevoe Maddy ool re, kuvdima,
mpds Tpdav. tov ob m1 werarpérp ob" adeyilas-
wal Sy pou yépas airds ddbaipricerar dmedets,
@ em moddd pdynoa, Sderav Bé jor ves "Axardy.
od yey coi more trov exw yépas, dwmdr ‘Ayasot
Tpdov éxréprmo’ €d varcpevoy wrohlcfpov-
GXAG 7d ev mhetov qodvdiKos moheuoro
xeipes pat Siérove’, drdp av more Sacpwds txyrat,
gol 7d yépas rodd peilov, yd 8° Sdiyor re didov re
épxop’ exav emi vijas, éwel ne xdpo mohepifow.
viv 8? dar Dbinv’’, net Ff wodd déprepdv éoruy
oiKad® ipey ody vnvol Kopaviow, ob8€ o” dia
aDaS hardiagl ie \dduvoy Kallwhasrardatcan?
Agamemnon does. not heed Achilles’ displeasure, and will take his
Prize, Brisels.
tov 8° jpeiBer’ vera dvat dvSpav *Ayapepvar:
“hedye pad’, <f ror Ovpds éxésovrat, o8€ o° eye ye
Mocopa civer’ éneto wévav- tap’ euol ye ral adAor,
of xé pe Tipjoover, paiora 5 pyriera Zeis.
éxfioros be pot éoor Siorpehewy Bacrdijov:
aici yp rox gpus re didn wédepo! re payor re
<i pdha waprepos toon, beds wov gol 76 Y eSeoxev.
oixad’ ld abv wqvai T€ ofjs Kai gois érdpourw
Muppidomcow avacce. oéber 3° eyd odx adeyilw
185
190
195
205
OMEPOY IAIAAOS A
098" GPowa Koréovros: daadsow 3¢ ror dde.
os eu ddratpetzar Xpuoyida oiBas 'Ardddov,
aay pev eyd abv wni 2” éuz) kal epots erdpoow
méwbo, ¢yd 5¢ x’ dyw Bpronida xadbunapyov
cirds lay xdecrtye8e, 2 ody >¢pas, bp” & Bis,
boon éprepds etic weBev, oqvyey 82 Kal dros
Toor Euol daca wal dpowFrperas dvrny.”
Achilles is resteained from killing Agamemnon by the Goddess Athena,
who promises Satisfaction.
Gs ddro Tiphetwve 5° dyos yéver’, év 3€ of prop
oriPerow dacinot bidvdiya pepprypiter,
FS ye ddoyavoy bf) dpvrvdpevos mapa pypod
rods pv dvaorijcaer, 6 5’ ‘ArpetSyu éevapifor,
He xddov travcraer epyricead re Oupdv.
clos 6 rail" Gppave xara pp&a nal xara Oupdr,
DikeralBMeE eohecTo eva. Fibos, Jive 8" ADijor,
obpaviber> mpd yap xe Bed, Levxcdhevos "Hpn,
dpuda Spas Ovag diidoved re xndopdrn Te.
cergidi i Guitar, PaxOne Bi xbunps dhe Lj hetiove,
oly. darsiiéey, sor BY 'dMNge od: n9 Spare!
OanByres 8° "Ayes, werd 8° érpdwer’, abrixa 8° Eyvu
Haddad" “NA yekyes Bawa 8d of Berae Gitar Pep.
Fadl le Oper toa levee ar apokrtatapeoR CR?
“tint abr’, aiywxowo Aids réxos, ethijhovBas;
} ta UBpw By "Ayapepvovos *ArpelBao;
GAR &&e ror épéw, ro 52 Kat reheecPar die
Js tmepomhinas rdy’ dy wore Ody adévoy.”
rie 8° abre wpoodawe Bed, -yhavctms "ADHun:
“Biber dys: watroura 1B icty pavos, af ke xiPpas,
obpavdfer mpd Sé yu’ re ed, Nevxddevos “Hpy,
a a rt et
210
235
FIRST BOOK OF THE ILIAD 9
Sudo dpas Ovpg drdréovad re xpdopevy re.
GAN dye Ajy' epiSos, unde Fipos Ehneo yupir
GAN F rou éreow pév dveidurov, ds ererai wep.
die yap éfepéw, rd Se nai rereheopevov eran:
rai word rou tpls récca mapéovera dyhad Sapa
BBpros civexa rHode- od 5” ioyeo, weideo 5” yyw."
Tw 5” drrapePopevos rporepy odas axis “AytAheds”
“xpi pev odeirepdv ye, Ded, Eros etpii lan,
kai pda rep Oupa Kexohapéron: as yap dpevor:
Gs Ke Beois fevnelthzrats Haha 7 &Avov abrov.”
Fj nai én” dpyupéy airy oxeHe xeipa Bapetav,
dy 8° es Kovredy doe péya Sibos, ob8” aribyoer
BIO "ADnvains. % 5° Odduprdrde BeBrjrew
Bahar de ‘alyiSyow (Aids peta Beeoeareeeere
Achilles swears that Agamemnon will repent his Action.
Mighetlys, 82 abnoris dvaprapois eateoow
"Arpeliny zpootene, ral od 7m hipye ydhavo~
“olvoBapés, xuvds Supar’ tyav, Kpadiny 8° edarporo,
ovre wor’ ds wékquov dua aw Oapyy Piva
Sire Gye! Cras oie dpurnfearr “Axaiay
téhykas Dupo: 7b 8 row Kipp elBerar elvar,
Fi word Aerév Con kava orpardy ebply ‘Ayaidy
Sap' dwoupdota, ds ns oder dvriov ern:
SnpoRbpos Baorheds, eret obrBavotow dudowes:
F yap av, “Arpelin, viv borara AwPryoraw.
eats readies; cal dal ptyan Sonor dneDpan.
Bere accaierpor ¥r3}sidr od wore ddim eal afove
dice, énci 37) para romyy ev operat dédovren,
Pee awaPyhiioes: meptiysp Ad € xadads ddejer
eat chuifec wav alrd pistiates Apuia
SSE
OMHPOY IAIASOS A
év madpys dopdovar Sixacmddor, ot te Ouoras
mpds Avs ciptarar 6 S€ rou péyas eovera dpxos:
F mor’ "Ayiddijos rot) iferax vias "Ayady
ciprartas- rére 5° ov te Suinjocas ayvipevds wep
xpauruciv, eb: dv wohhol ih’ “Exropos dvSpopdvoo
Ovijoxovres rintwot- ob 8° evBobe Oupdv duritas
Xadperos, 6 r” dpurrov "Ayaiy ovdéy encras.”
Nestor atrives to reconcile the Angry Princes: Agamemnon should
pot take Brisels; Achilles should pay Honor to
the Commander-in-Chief_
ds hdro Mydetins, wort 58 oxijrrpov Bide yaty
Xpverciois Pour merappévov, Lero 8” ards.
"Arpetins 8° érépatler guyjme. rotor 5 Néorwp
qadveris dvopovee, yds Mudiov a&yopyris,
rod Kal dard yhoirons wéheros yhunioy péev addy.
70 8° 78n dio pev yeveat pepdmov avOparav
ehGiab’, of ot xpdobev apa tpape 788 yevovro
dy TdA@ Hyabéy, perd 88 rperdrow dvacow.
6 obw & dpovéww dyoppoaro Kat peréemev:
“@ méron, # péya wéBos "Axaida yaiay ixdver
J xev ynhjoa Upiapos Mprdpod re raises,
Mah Narre per lly ikes neyapotara Osis:
hiprddae AN eters cw Pepbech wero iaie
ot wept pev Bovdiy Aavaiy, wepi 8” dore payer Pas
QNAd qivlex#"! Cisies SO vetrrdpal torrbn \eneio.
yn yap wor’ éyd nal dpeloow Hf wep viv
Reebpdarcd\ uiltA rari taal ian we crEsiCCRley «AO EoNEoe.
od ydp wm roiovs ov dudpas, odd? Boyar,
olow Mepifod» re Apvarrd re, romdva hadv,
Easirts i) BAaBiGy se kal der Geor adaiprypor
270
215
FIRST BOOK OF THE ILIAD i
[Once 7 Alyeliny, emeixehov davdroow).
kdpricto. 83) xetvor ery Ooviaw rpdev dvbpav-
Kdprusro. per evar Kat xapricros eudyovrro,
dypatv dperxdourr, nat exndyhus andéhercay.
ral pev rotow éyd peBopireov ee Tlidov eAdciv,
mrdbev €& drins yains: Kadéravro yap abroi-
Kai paxdpny Kar’ yu’ aibroy yd Ketvoure 8° dv od Ts
ray, ot viv Bporot cow emyOdu0r, paydorro.
kat per pev Bovrewy Etvev reiPorrd re pil.
GA ward nal Tppes,. éxed) wearer ames
pofre ob rév8", dyabds wep éciv, droatpeo xotpyy,
GAN ga, Gs of mpara Sécav yépas ules "Ayaudy
pire ot, Undel&n, CEN’ epileuerar Bacrdije
dyn Binv, ere ob ol” dpoins Eupope TysAps
oxnmrobyos Bacthe’s, © re Leds xiBos
ci 82 od Kaprepds ero, Bed 3¢ we yelvaro pxirnp,
ANN Be déprepds éorw, ered mhedvarow dudowe..
"Arpelin, ob 88 rade rebv pévos airdp éyw ye
Norcop’ "AxidAje peOeuer yodow, Os peya wacuw
pros “Axawiow wéAerae Tohemoto KaKovo.”
Neither of the Angry Men will yield.
pit eaapeBiueros wpoubhyipeley “Apandiouy=
“vat &) raird ye mavra, yépov, xara poipay eemes.
MANS G3! dyer eBdder'srept wdvrov dupera dddew,
Basra pir partis Uehes\ xivreaat 8" ddocas,
Meets oyjinived, & 11s" 08 welceatax Sls:
eb 8 pw alypyriy Werav Oeol alév edvres,
rotwexd of wpolldovew Sveidea pviyjicacha;”
RB dp’ SroBAGeyr HuclBera Bios "AANebs:
“9 ydp wey Badds re wai obribavds Kaheoiuny,
12
a10
a6
OMHPOY IAIAAOS A
et Si) cot may cpyov treifopa, Grr Kev clips:
GAKoow 3) ravr’ emréMeo, pi) yap enol ye
[ojpaw’. ob yap eyes y' er cot relrecOar dio.)
Dro 8 rou epéo, od 8" Bt dpert BOd0 few.
XEprt pev ov Tor ey ye paxrropa even Kovdpys
Obre ool ore ty ddhg, eel p' dpererbé ye Bévres
ray 8° dhkov & po. cor. Gop wap& yt peratvy,
Tay ovK dv tu depois dvehdw déxovros deco.
et & dye pi welpynora, va yrduoe cai olde
abjd roc alpa xehauwdy eparjre rept Sovpi.”
Chryeels is dispatched to her Father. The Camp is purified.
ds ray dunBlouw paynoapéw eréeoow
dvoriimny, Micav 8" dyopiy mapa mvoly ‘Axaay.
Tnhetdns pev ent xdecias Kat vias doas
que oily re Mevouriddy Kat ols érdpoow,
*Arpelins 8° dpa ja Bory drade zpodpvorer,
Reho a lara tex pines eaceniy GBs exaropAny
foe ER ERSENG ee Raye toe
oe dywr dv 8° dpyds By rohipnrs ‘Obveceds.
oh br euemt ava Biores’ dwlaheoy type) neheOe,
Namieibs Arpetaae Cwch qsaeadae Grarrer:
ot 8’ drekvpatvovro nat eg Gra Adpar’ éBaddov,
poor 8" "AmdAham rednéooas éxaréuBas
raipav 48° alySy mapa Oi»” ddds"drpuyérovo:
xvion 5” otpavdy Trev duocopern repl carve.
Heralds of Agamomaon fetch Briseis from the Tent of Achilles,
ds of pev 7a révorr0 Kara orpardy~ otd’ "Ayapeuver
Mii epibos, ry mparov erymethya” *AxdF.,
GAN 6 ye TadOvBidv re Kal EipyBdrqy mpocréare,
uo
FIRST BOOK OF THE ILIAD 13
76 oi Evav Kypuxe Kat drpnpw Oepdnovre-
“dpxerbov Khurinv Tyhypadew "Axe\nos:
yapde dhivr? dyduer Bpirn Be. xa\vedpgow:
et 8¢ Ke py Sdnoww, eyed 8é Kev adros Chapar,
dv oiv mrecverat: 76 of Kai piyrow ora.”
ideakaie «pote, .kimarepdn Bidet ime emnalee
aaa ddxavre: Barge raps Os shoyiGra meee
Muppiddvor 8° emi re whuoias Kal vas ixéobye.
tov 3’ pov mapa ze Khurty wal vy pedaley
Fueov: 098° dpa ra ye lScdy yiPnoew “Ayeddeds,
TO yer tapBryoavre Kai aldouérw Baodja
arijryy, ovd€é i pv mpooeddveov ob’ épéovro-
airap 6 eyo jow evi dpeat deionodty re
“yatpere, xijpuces, Mids ayyehor #38 Kat dvbpav.
Morar! Eo 6 pat Siegen) tacdirco ne tan
& odin mpote BpurniSos evexa xavpys-
AX dye, Sioyats TMarpoxdes, cEaye Kovpyy
Pet berkaa Bag) ahcar or OkS i adnis plaespakt rok
apés te Jey paxdpay mpds te Ovntav dvOpemow
kat mpos rod Bacihijos amnvéos, ef more 3) avre
Were araetyorras seuxdn Noryoe andres
Beeson hyip Bi yhidhuanan pact Ooms,
IDE rd lola pofjoras djiaapdcrows eal Suberot,
Grmws of mapa yqvel cdc paxcoiar’ “Axacoi.”
ais ddro, Mdrpondos 82 dikw erereifel” eraipy,
BoB yee whusk)s| Bpiom (Ba: xalhurdpipen;
Saxe 8’ dyev. ro 8° abris teny mapa wpas "Ayan,
Achilles appeals to his Mother, the Goildess Thetis.
BBidéxovc” dua rote yw} cle. abrdp!"Ayeddeds
Saxpicas érapaw adap Lero vdorpi Macbeis
M4
370
OMHPOY IAIAAOS A
Gee’ &b' dhs modes, Spéaw én” dnelpova advrov-
mohra 82 pyrpi hihy ypricaro xeipas Speyris-
“wiirep, rei uo erexés ye puvwvbddisv wep eévra,
typiy wép por Sede 'Oddjpmos eyyvadi£ar,
Zebs ta Bpeperms viv 8° ob8é pe rurOdv enoe.
yep we “Arpelbns, ebpd epelaw “Ayapduvon,
iripnrev’ thov yap exe répas, airds drraypas."
is dro Bdxpv xéuv, tot 8? eedve rérma paprnp,
Huden ev B&bcaow ahds mapa marpi yéporri.
3 3° dvébu mohups adds Hur’ dpixAn,
kal pa mapob” airoio xablélero Saxpy xéovros,
xerpl 7é pur warépeter, Evos 7’ ear’ ex 7° dvépater
“zéxvov, Ti Khaieis; Ti SE we hpevas ixero TEévOos ;
Uasba, pi) xebBe véy, Tra Bower f
Achilles tells his Story.
ina Rae wreciyan apeeain woban cans Aye hats
Si eNaal ese radix waren tSotar orl yorstons
Seen” es OyBqy, lepy wdhuv Herlwos,
ri 5é dierpdfopev re Kai jyoper dvOdde mavra.
kal ra per eb Sdooavro pera opiow vies ‘Axauv,
éc 8” how ‘Arpetdy Xpuoniia xahdurdpyov.
Xpions 5° add” tepeds éxarnBdrov "ArdAdwvos
WAGe Gods ext vijas “Ayady yahkoyirdvew
huodpevds te Otyarpa épw 7’ amepetor’ drowa,
oréupar éyav ev yepoly éxnBddov "AmddAavos
- xpuoty dvd cxiarpo, Kal éMicoero maivras “Ayatovs,
875
*Arpetda 82 pdduora Siw Kocprjrope hadv.
20" Grou pay mdvres erevdry}unoray ’Ayatot
alScioBai 0° iepja Kat dyhad Séybar drowa-
GAN ob “Arpeldy “Ayapdurom yvdave Ovad,
——
FIRST BOOK OF THE ILIAD 16
dyad Karts die, kparepdov &° én plow redder.
Xudpevros 8° 6 yepav add @xero- roto 8° “AmdAdav
eigapévov joven, tra para ol dios Fe,
Fue 5° en” "Apyelourn kaxdv Bédos: of 5é vy havi
Ovijoxoy éxacavrepot, ra 8’ engixeto Kira Geoio
advrp dvd orpardy cipiy ‘Ayasov. pps 52 pdvrs
eb cidds dydpeve Peonponias éxdrao,
airik dyd mpiiros Kedounw Bedv thdorxeofar~
“Arpetava 5° érara xddos AGBor, ala 5° dvawras
Breidncer piboy, 3 5% rereherpdvos doriv.
Thy per yap abv vm bop édixames “Ayarot
és Xpioqy wéurovew, dyovar 5¢ Sapa dvanre:
ry 82 véov Khucinder ¢Bay xijpunes dyovres
xotpyy Bpurijos, rv po. Seay vles “Ayariy.
Ga ot, ci Sivacai ye, wepioryeo waidds éjos*
Mode" Obhuprivde Aia divas, ct wore By re
F era duycas xpabiny Ards He Kal epye—
modNdx. yap veo marpds evi peydpow deovea
eixopevns, Sr’ ehnoba wehawepe Kpoviave
oly ev Gavdrourw dee hovyov duivas,
barére pv EvvSijorar 'Ohpmo HBedov adror,
“Hpn 7 78e Moceaddav xat Madras "AOyjvy.
GAG od rév 7 dAPoioa, Ved, dwelioac Serpor,
dy’ éxardyyerpov xahéras’ és paxpoy “Ohuprov,
bp Bpidpewv xadrdover Peoi, dvbpes B¢ re mavres
Aiyaiow’- 6 yap abre Bly ob rarpds aycivwr-
Be fa -vaph Kpovion xabilero, wibed yalow
Tov Kat bnéSacay pdxapes Peot odd 7’ énoav.
Toy viv pw pricaca wapeleo Kai ha Be -yovrer,
Biich wine dkgow dat Toderow. épitar,
rods 8¢ kard apijavas re Kal duds’ dha éhoa “Axaods
16
410
415
420
OMHPOY IAIAAOZ A
Rebaperoilire wdvres Eredpawral Pasion,
yr@ 8€ Kal "Arpelins cdpd xpeiuv ‘Ayapepver
qe dry, 6 7 dpurrow “Axa obStv erurev.”
Thetis promises to secure Honor for Achilles from Zeus.
tov 8° rpelBer Erera Bers Kara Bdxpy yéovoa~
Ripa inccrst sicvive ete eepepar alia texodoas
Rene eler leans squcis ehdxpuros.xal “danjncir
Foobar, drei vi rox alea pivwvOd wep, of te pdha Sry.
viv 8 dua r° dxtpopos Kal dilypos wept ravrwv
en iabaG ology técov ite peydpon,
roto B€ rot epéoura eros Au repmixepaivo
ale’ abr} mpds “Ohvprov aydrmdor, al re mibyrat.
GAMA ov wey viv vyvol Tapypevos aKuTopoow
Peeters tere Nised Bt er readeg! adiimas
Leds yap es "Oxeavov per” dpvpovas Aibtorjas
xOilos By Kara Saira, Oeot 8" dpa wavres Erovro:
Sadexarp S€ roe adres Chevorerar OvAvpadvde,
Ral carievent rit Atl Aide port yahse aris 80,
Mal ais Pyar eo Mie kal geo mceoectial. Cio?
ae cnet erica tsetitero ie Sethe esro8
Hoot fLew “et Oia DOE aoiy prnaueds;
miei Bak desserts anienay | air Obsoar
Chryseis ls conducted to her Home and delivered to her Father, who
prays that the Plague may cease.
és Xpioqv tavern dyaw lepiy éxarouBny.
Bet ora th) ifideout oho eeOtod! yyavitcoero;
Parla Uv ret havrostdran Bhide eq neko,
Ponsat Sil txrodinp x thamtertavertnne eee trree
xaprahipos, Tv 8° es Gppov mpotperoay éperpois.
446
FIRST BOOK OF THE ILIAD 17
én 8 eas eBahov, xara 5é mpupric’ eyorav~
Bel Dv sedl eatrol |Balvoe! Jat forpitie’ WaNdeces
de 8 kxarduBnu Bioav éxnBdrhw "“Amdhdaw~
de 82 Xpuenis nds BR movrondporo.
thw pev erat’ ent Bopdy dyov wohiuyns ‘OSvoreds ~
marpt dio ev xepat ride, ral por mpooéemer
“d Xpion, mpd bw rewher dvat avBpov “Ayapduven
writtdrer col dines te O° tepiv deardu Bye
b&a Unep Aavaav, opp’ hardperfa dvaxra,
os viv “Apyelocar wohvarova Kyjde ebijrev.”
ds dadv & xepot rida, 6 58 déaro yaipay
wala. @vhqv. r0l\5" dea beg lepeiaieeeiian
els Eornoay e’Spnrov wept Bopdy,
Xepvibavto 8° Erara Kal ovhoyvras avéhovro.
rolow 5? Xpioys peydN’ evyero xelpas dvacyav~
“KOO per, dpyvpdrof", bs Xpioqv dpdiBeneas
Kidav re Caféqy, TeréBoid re The dvdooas:
Gudy Bf ror’ cued wdpos echues ebaperoio,
ripnoas pev épé, péya 8’ ijao dady "Ayardiy~
HB" &. Kat viw por 708" exxprnvor eédBap-
789 viv Aavaciow daxéa Aovydy duvvor.”
ds éhar’ ebydpevos, rod 8’ exdve otros "Awdhhuw.
airap ene p' ed€avro kai oddoyvras mpoSddovto,
aiépuoay perv mpadra Kal dodakav Kal Gapay,
pnpots 7’ eférapov xard re xvioy exahubav
aaa mantotctrast (ane adriel Br) atoernoae)
wate 8° émt oxitys 6 yépev, ént 8° aioe olvov
AeiBe- véow 58 rap’ airov Exov weuwdBoha xepow.
atrap ene Kard papa xdy Kal owhdyyva macavro,
piordAdy 7° dpa tad\d\a Kai dud’ dBdoiow Grepay,
Grrmodv re wepuppadéws, épioarrd re wavra.
18
470
490
OMHPOY IAIAAOX A
airip exe matcavro mévov terixovré re daira,
Saivur’, ob5€ re Ovpos éBevero Bards dions.
aurapiérl mibawos ial Pyrdos ef gov. aro,
Kodpot wee Kpytipas erecrépavto Toroio,
vounoav 8° dpa wacw énaptdpevr Serderow,
ot 82 marvqpepior porrp Gedy iAdanovro,
xahbv deiSovres maujova, xovpo "Ayaan,
pérmovres Exdepyov- & Sé dpéva réprer’ dxovar.
Return of Odysseus to the Camp. Achilles ‘suka in his Tent.’
Fpos 8° pédos Karddv Kal éxl Kvébas Frew,
bi) Tore Koysryrarto mapa wprprjcia rés.
pos 8” payeraa bdvy PoboBdkruhos “Hés,
kal rér’ dretr’ dvdyorro pers orpariy eipiv "Ayacav-
roww 3° fepevov obpov i tee Exdepyos ‘AmdAhwr.
ot 8 lorov onjgarr’, dvd 0" ioria euxd wéracrap:
tv BY dvepos spare pérav toriov, dupi 5 xipa
orcipy mopdipcov peydr’ iaye vnds toons:
4 8 Beer xara nopa Brampyjocoura néhevbov.
airép trel § Tkovra ward azpartw ebpiy "Axasdy,
wha pey of ye péhawav én” yreipoo epvocar
pod ext Yapabors, dd 8” eppara paxpa ravurcay,
airot 8° éoxiSvavto Kara xhusias ze veas re
adrap b prjme yvel mapyjpevos axutépocw,
Royers UnAjos vids, wéBas dds “AytAAads.
otre mor’ els dyopiy mahérnero Kudidverpav
obre ror’ es midepov, GAha pOuniferKe hidov xpp
BOs. wérur, wobderne 8° durfo resmrhendp re.
Zeas promises Thetis to honor her Son by punishing the Achaeans
DN Gru Biff de role BuaBandny, your” bs,
kai rére 5} mpds “Ohvurov foav Beot alev edyres
ZEUS OF oTmCoL!
From the bust in the Waticar Mumm, Reese
525
FIRST BOOK OF THE ILIAD 19
martes dpa, Leds 8” Fpye. drs 3° ov dyjber’ dherucaw
maidos éod, GAN’ 1 y' avedigero xipa Oahdoans,
Hepin 8° dvéBy péyav obpavdy OvdAvprdv re.
eipev 3° eipiowa Kpovidny arep juewov adhhov
dxpordry Kopudf mohvbapabos Ovdvproro,
ral pa mdpas” airoio Kabelero, Kal hdBe yotwa
oxasj- Sefirepf 3° dp’ im’ avOepedvos éovoa
Mocopérn mportare Ala Kpoviova dvaxra:
“Ze adrep, ef nore Sj oe per’ dOavdrnow srnca
4h ea } epyw, 765 poe xprinvov eé\Bap-
ripnody jor vidv, 5 axupoporares a\Nww
elie steaks! jisvl wie yx icceas Abo eager
Arienoe: OXrcw yap exer yépas, abrds daoripas.
GG ov nép pa rivov, "OMipme pnriera Zed,
zobpa 8 eri Tpdecor rida xpdros, dbp" dv "Ayasoi
wide pow riowow, dhéhdruoty ré € reypy.”
ds ddro- raw 3° ov 1 mpowddm vepedyyepera Zevs,
EN dxdov Sip foro. és 8° as Hlaro yotror,
eee Bid gpraletay, Kadi airerol Scien ohare:
“wmpeprés pty 89 por vrdcyxeo Kat Kardvevcor,
W arden’, erect ov roe ém Séos, dbp’ eb «ida,
Oooo tyd pera waow dreporary Meds cigs.”
my 88 ney’ bxOjoas mpooddy vepednyepéra Leis:
MG By Nola toy’, Sre po exBoSomioras edrferas
BPRS Ny ph aah goes |GreScioes Sutcroin:
% 8¢ Kal avras p’ alet ev dAavdrow. Beotow
eerste ine dno: nexy Teaaraw epiyar:
GMa od pev viv airs ddonye, py te vopon
Pa scdl Be ike ara. pak tomas ober cee
BRM ri Kedah) necramaliroyias: Sb pa aerotlpt-
tovro yap <€ éucle ye per’ aBavdrows péporov
510
OMHPOY IALIAAOX A
réxpop* ob yap eudy mahwdyperov od8’ dmarpov
ate i wtakeoripross) Ore ieee Repod G Rartdrcioreh’s
alll acacia beh atext inital Keke s
dp Bpdovn &' dpa yatrar éreppdicavro dvaxtos
paris dn’ dOavdrow, péyay 8’ heifer “OAupwror.
Strife between Zeus and Hora on Olympus. Hera reproaches Zeus
for his Promise to Thetis, but is sternly rebuked,
tts y' Os Bovdeloavre dérpayer: 7 pev erara
eis dha dhro Baletay ax’ atyhyerros ‘OAvprou,
Zeiis 82 dav mpds SGpa. Geol 8° dua wdvres dvéoray
2& Bev, ahod marpds évavriov: ovdé ris erry
pelvar erepydpevov, GAN dvriot €oray dwavres.
as 6 perv ofa xalléfer’ ext Apdvou- obbé pu “Hpy
qyvotjre ‘oie’, dr. of eupdhpdecaro Bovdas
dpyupdmela Oérs, Ouyarnp adiovo yépovros.
atria Reproploure ‘Als Kpovlawa ‘xpocrysBa:
“sis 3% ab roi, doouyra, Oeaiv cvupppdorcaro Boudds;
aiet zo diov éoriv, dued drovdodw eovra,
kpunrddia dpovéovra Sixaldpev- ob€ ri adi poe
apéppuv rérhyxas eireiv Eros Srre vorjerps.”
thw 3 jpciBer Erara warhp dvipay re Oedv re
"Hon, yt) 53) mdvras nods éncédreo pious
dByeay yaherol ro. grout’ adsyy mep dobop.
AX’ dp per x’ émexés dxovever, ov Tis érara
ovre Bedv xpdrepos rév y' elrerat obr’ dvfparrwr:
dv SE x’ eydw drdvente Oeciw eHédmpe vopoa,
pi me ov radra Exaora Sieipeo pnd perddda.”
tov 8° jyeiBer’ crara Booms wérea “Hpy:
Me Greve Kerala caw sels peace dares
KeaM RE ire tard pak 9 Meitiatpdiial i cenelineradhiy
570
ote
PIRST BOOK OF THE ILIAD 21
ada pad’ aienros ra dpdlea, doo’ eérpoBa-
viv 5° alvas SeiSoxa xara dpéva, pr ce mapelrp
dpyuptweta Ons, Suyérmp dha ‘yépovros:
Hepln yap col ye wapélero Kat haBe yotvu.
7H Oo biw Karaveioa érfrupor, as “Axdja
rysjoes, dddres S€ wohdas dnl wyvoly “Axa.”
ry 8 drapeBdpevos mpocépn veehnyepera Leis
“Baipovin, aici perv dicar obS€ oe Aja,
apnkac 5° gums ov 1 Surjoren, GAN dd Pypod
paddov euod &reae- 7d 8€ roe xal Alnor Gxrae.
ad 8° ora rods’ deriv, uot pédde dhidov evar.
WN ukkdovoa xdbyoo, tua, 3'ermeldae toes
pi vb ro. ob xpaiopaaw boo. Deol eo’ ev ’OMpyry
dacov tév0’, dre Kev ror ddmrous xetpas écela.”
Hephaestus restores Good Humor at the Feast of the Gods.
ds dhar’, Beare be Bodms rérma “Hpy,
kai p” dxéovra Kabijrro, éruyvabacra pidov Kip:
Siijore/87dvd SGne Bade Gan? Odparlarey-
roiow 8° “Hobaurzos xhutoréyens Fpx’ dyopetew,
pentpl Gthy eat Ypa separ, Acvmuhow “Hpp-
“4 &) Aolya epya 1d8" eooera, ov8" & dvexrd,
Eads certs Borpraiy: dpbalrerae (abs
SPRY Bastre ohn ddctverou*) o8éx1 Barre
dabhijs trcerat dos, Ere ra xepeiova vaxg.
forrph 8! yd.xapddnpi, xal airy mep vocovoy,
marpi dirw émt ipa dépav Aci, Sbpa pa) adre
vareigoe rarjp, civ 8° jyiv Batra rapdgy.
Aimep ydp x Wédpow "Odumos éorepormm}s
Deawlornde\iFas 8 yap wodd déotards, tore.
GANA ob rév y° exéeror xabdrrecfar paraxoiow:
610
OMHPOY IAIAAOX A
atric: €ra0! Taos 'Ohfumog Erreras uty."
as ap’ én, xat dvattas Séras apdiedrehdov
Bytpi bidy dv yapt ria, Kai pov mpooéecrer~
“rérhath, prep eur, war dudoyeo xySoperm mep,
py weldihnbiwep Zoran do df 0ahzotrw Bonar
Oevoudrny: tore 8° ob rr Suvijoopar axrtperds mep
Xpaurpeiv- apyahéos yap 'ONimntos dvrubeperfar,
Hon yap pe Kal @dor’ ddeenevar peuadra
pabe odds reraydv amd Bndov Peorecioo.
wav 8° Fuap pepdunr, dua 8" jediv xaradivre
iedererov ie) Avunei,Btyos B" érx Oude’ Ever:
0a pe Livres dvdpes adap Konicarto meadvra.”
ds daro, pedo 5é Hed, hevxddcvos “py,
pabirama, 83 maidde eebara:apl. eirelhaw:
airap 6 Trois G\Aow:e Beois évdetia maow
olvoxoer yAvKD véxrap, dnd KpyTipos ddvcoar.
aBecros 8° dp’ evdpro yédus paxdpeoor beotow,
as Bov “Hdaurov Sia Scipara roumviovra.
ds rére piv wpéway Fpap és fehiav xareBivra
Scere Teak at ine akira Sandy) eos
ob pide’ déppryyos repixaddéos, afr dy’ "Awddhaw,
Movedan G0) ahi dado dpe Beuercr bal xodi
abrap erat norBv Napwper gedos. jehloo,
i Usfidet Ramee rex Aiea clkcoBel sebceoes
Fy detorg S8nd aepindends dpdvpajas
“Hdaoros roincer tvings mpariderow.
Zeds 82 apde dvi AGcos WN’ “OM arias (doreoongrfs;
EGa md pos wopab", Sre piv. yucds Srv0s Indvos:
%0a kabeDS’ dvaBds, rapa 8¢ xpuerdhpovos “Hpn.
OMHPOY IATAAOY B
Bjra 5° Goeper Exe, dyophr, wal vas dpa
Soveniar Beta refert, coetum poputique vatespie.
“Beta the dream and ynod cites;
And catalogues the naval kaighta.”
Sreipos, Sidwecpa. Boidrera } xardhoyos veav.
Zeus sends a Decsitful Dream to Agamemnon.
Gdn pev pa Yel re Kat dvépes irmoxopvorat
@bov ravviixior, Aia 5° obk exe vyjdupos Beves,
EWN’ 6 ye pepyrpile kara dpéva, ds “Ayidija
zysjoy. dhéoy 82 nohéus ent vquolv ‘Aya.
SESS Sell kad, Conde dploxyi dalsare! Bone,
meabae én’ “Arpeldy ‘Ayapguvore obAov Svepor-
kal pv davjoas érea mrepderta mpoonida-
Breet) cake Svespe) Sede art anar Ayaioe®
Del ds Ducts Ayapscrros tArpetban
W mdvra par’ arpexéws dyopevtuer as émrédhan
Ouppéat & xédeve xdpy Kopdovras "Axaios
mavovdin: viv ydp Kew dhot wdkiv cpvéynar
Tpdav- od yap & apudis “Odiuma Beipar’ xorres
Gdvaro. bpalovra enéyvapper yap dravras
16 “Hpy Accoopévn, Tpcecror Se wide eqsirrac.”
Samar ts:8" Go craipoy, Gan ron Rober arauce
Perasliuey 8° ixese Gods dat vfas "Axaar.
BGS ap? ex’ *ArpeBnv 'Ayopepvova: tov 82 xiyaver
EuSop Ady Khurig, wept 8° duBpsows nocd” vavos.
2
46
+
OMHPOY IAIAAOX B
ari 8 dp trép xehadis Nydnig vl. dods
Néoropt, rév pa padurra yepovrav tt “Ayanepve.
7@ pv derdpevos mpocedavee Beios dveipos*
“eiSas, "Aptos vie Satbpovos tmmoddpow ;
od xpi) Tatyiov aide Bovlnpspoy avBpa,
@ Aaoi 7 dmrerpddara kat Tocca peenrer.
viv 8° eudbev Gives dna- Avds S€ rou dyyehds ely,
bs cev dvevblev edy péya xyiSerar 78" edeaipe.
Owpitai a” éxédevoe Kapy Kopdwrtas ‘Ayatods
ravovdin viv yép Kev dows Tok eipudynay
Tpciaw> ad yap ér’ duis 'OMipma Bipar’ Exovres
abdvaror dpatovra- énéyvaper yap anavras
“Hon Mogopevy, Tpwerar 5 nyde ebjmras
ex Aids. adhd ob ofjow exe hpeot, pndé ce dijOy
aipstra, er’ dv oe pedippor vrvos avy.”
@s dpa paryoas dneByoero, rov 8 Aix’ adrod
72 Gpordowr” dvi Cyndy & ff ob redderBar guehdav:
$9 pepi8 yf alofods Updo wékiy Suan Keiigy
vimos, ob8e ra by, a pa Leds pydero épya-
Oijcar yap é’ guchher én’ GAyed Te crovayds Te
Tpwot re Kal Aavacior ba Kparepds topivas.
Eypero 8 e Snvov, bein BE jaw dppexur’ dpdrp-
Kero 3" pPabeis, parandy 8° G&uve xirdva,
Belper eeiadn iene akira saree?
oro 8° ded Meapoiow erraro Reda wébAa,
dudt 8. dp" Sima Bidero Eidos dpyupinhor-
Gino eel cchespuserancnetantarekatn
ety 7§ &By xard vias *Axady. yaleoyirsvar.
7
SECOND BOOK OF THE IAD 25
Council of the Achaean Princes.
“Has pév pa Jed spooeByoero paxpoy “Odvpror.
Znvi pows epéovea nat arog dbavdrowrw-
airap o xypixeror Meyupldyyoure néheure
knpicoey dyopyvde Kdpy KopowrTas “Ayatovs.
oi wey exjpvocor, tol 8" Hycipovro mad’ Sea.
Bovhiy Be aparov peyalipar Me yepdvraw
Neoropéy mapa yi Mudovyeréos Barsdfjos-
Tobds & ye ovyxahécas TuKuipy aprivero Bovkyye
“hire, dio. Oeids por évirmoy Wer dveepos
SpBowriyy 8d. vicra,, plhicra| SY Neseeae Bea
elbds re péyelds re puyy 7’ dyyiora ecinew.
ory 8’ dp’ imép Kehadjs, Kal pe mpds piow dumev~
‘elders, ’Arpéos vie Satthpovos immoddpoto;
Bt axcorrdicor | ebdece)| Bovlosbi noel tect
@ dao 1’ emrerpdbarar Kal réoca pepper.
fiw iB eather Gives: Sua bide BE tou ayyehds click
bs oe dveviev div péya xrjderar 78" edeaipe.
Bupngat a” enédevoe Kdpy Kopdwvras “Axarods
RecN ir vip ner hac xéhy eipebyway
Tota: of. yep a dudls ‘Ohvpma Sauer" dyovres
Bavaro ppdlovra eméyvaybey yap aravras
Sema eonteniTacexot 82 nia dairal
ERAS onowarsipperie sty) Sluts state
@xer aworrdpevos, Cue 5é yhunds Uavos dvixe.
Bitaniner .atin& wus SopiCoped slag “Ayaan
Weg iedreers reeprropan fl Olpis Waste:
kal dedyan abv vquct wohvedzjurt Kehedow:
pets 8’ ddNobew addos épyriaw enero.”
rm by ds crew war’ dp’ Eero, rotor 8’ dvéory
7
A a
26
95
100
106
OMHPOY IAIASOX B
Néorop, 65 pa Uvdowo dvat fv juaboerros-
5 opw @& dppovéww dyopijoato Kai peréeumer
"@ trou, 'Apyetuw syjropes 752 peBovres,
cl pév Tis Tov Gvepov 'Ayadv addos euoner,
Weddds nev daiper nat vordiloiuela pardov-
viv’ BY TBev és ey? Eporos *Axaidy edyeras elas.
GAN dyer’, at xév rms Owpyfoper vias “Axauov.”
Assnmbly of the Achaeans. Agsmemnon’s Speech,
ds dpa duvjoas Bovdis cE Fpye vécobai,
of 8" draréornray relHorrd re romidn adv,
Biyeronyes Ramdijes: treocretovro 82 act.
are Gvea loi petioodo diwdeov,
serpind Ex yhagupits ale véow epyoperdean:
Borpudiy 5¢ wérovra: ex’ dvleow eiapwoicw-~
af jeer ida Dhis semorjfuras, sol Sé re weiA?
as ray dOvea mwohhd vedy dio Kal Koda
Wévos xpewdpoBe Babelns eorsySarro
DaBdv eg dyopyy: perd BE ogiow saea Brew
Snpiivoua” Lvs, Aids dyyehos: of 8° dyfpavro,
rerphyes 8" divopif ied 82 ecrevayilero “yatta
Nady évrev, Suabos 8° Fv. envda BCodeas
refpunes Bobavres: epifrvoy, <t ror’ duriis
cxoiar’, éxovraay St Siorpedéav Baordyov.
orod) 8 Lero hads, epjruflev Se wal!’ Spas
raveduevo Kdayyhs. dvd 88 xpewy *Ayopéavar
lary oxiarpov exw: To nev "Hpaioros Kane rebyov.
"Hdawsros piv Saxe Sd Kpovlom dvexn,
abrap dpa Zabc Saxe Biaxrépy epycibdyry:
"Eppeias 8¢ avaf Saxey Weédom wAnfinmy,
atrap 6 atte Médop Sax" "Arpé, rope Aady-
no
oe
SECOND BOOK OF THE ILIAD Par
"Azpebs 5 Ovijoxav humer wodvapm Cvéory,
Rindp lS onire: Oolox’ ” Ayapdioo Nawalieacanan
mohdjow vigour Kal “Apyei wavri dvarcay.
19 6 y) épacdpevos Ere’ "Apyeiowr perpida-
“@ diror ypwes Savaol, Gepdrovres “Apnos,
Zeois pe péya Kpovidys dry evébnoe Rapelp,
oxéruos, ds mpiv pty jor brérxero Kal Kardvevoer
"Dtov exmépoavr’ evreiyeor drovéer Bat,
viv 8€ Kaki dmdrny Bovheirarc, nai pe Kehoia
Bvonhéa “Apyos ixéoPat, ered modtv cihera Aady.
[otra mov Ak pédrer treppevéi gihow elvat,
bs 3% moAdoy rohiwy Karéhuce KapyPa
78° eu Kai Miva: rov yap Kpdros dork péyirror.|
alaypdv yap 7é5e 7’ dori nal donee wutler bat,
fab ovr rodvbe roodvbe Te Lady “Ayaray
Arpycrov médcuoy modewilav hoe payerPar
dvSpdor wavporépowe, réhos 8" ov we Te meharras,
al wep ydp x’ édopev 'Axacol te Triads re,
Opria mora rapdrvres, dpilunOqparar dpdeo,
Tpades piv AeFacba edgar Soon car,
Hyets 8° es BexcdiBas SaxocpyPetpen 'Ayarol,
pian 8° dv8pa &acror choinda olvoyoeian,
modNal Kev BexdBes Sevolaro olvoxso.o.
toro eyh dmpe meas eaperm vias "Axasiiv
Tpduv, ot vaiovor kara mrékw. add’ érixovpo
mohMawv dx rohiav tyxéoraro avdpes Geuow,
Bllwe (iyo widLown inal’ clk atc’ Wéhorra
"Thioy exnépoa:, 4) vardperoy mrodleApov.
BEGINS BcRdacs Aids’ jepshov" eabrok
xai 53 Sotpa atone veav Kal owdpra Méhuvrae
al 8¢ "a4 liad icyou’ nell mifmta alae.
—_—
100
M5
160
OMHPOY IAJASO% B
dar’ dvi peydpos morBéypevacy dppe 52 pyov
avras dxpdavrov, ob civera Sevp’ ixdpecba,
GAN’ dyell’, cis dv dyad cinw, weGapea mavres:
pedyope oiv yqvot pirny és tarpida yatav:
ob yap éri Tpoiny aipprope eipvadyunav.”
Unexpected Effect of Agamemnon's Speech.
Msiparoiroia: 82 Pupbsiet orilorow spine
Sanat tenaiea\sySites Gerac 00 | Boukis enckoverass
Bageeeeyop) Gh eluate paxpd Gaddooys,
révrov “Ikaplow- ra pev 7 Ebpds re Néros re
pop’ ératfas warpos Avs éx vepeddwv.
See MaNNRtnTy! Zépupos Bald Nay édBer,
NAdBpos emacyilur, en 2’ pte dorayseaoow,
@s Tay waa" ayopi Kui), rol 8° dhadgr@
vias em éacelovro, toda 8” imévepHe xovin
Iowapaltneiér. r02!B? aldophours wéhevow
Sate Dem eata AED Degas ath dha Bar
cipalattnecexslacpoe® Ave) 3's obpavie: Tne
skate tenieae Pub) Be tineon |Saiare, pes
Interference of Athens, Odysseus checks the People.
Seid re MA pryclouow Satpopatvtorras 'ensien,
aij) AByoabyv.* Hips axpbs iHow. daerer*
“& méron, alydyoro Aids rékos, drpvrivn,
otras Shi obledvbe,, thny. ds. warpiba. yatay,
"Apyeion Geitovres én! elipéa. vira Paddererys:
nad 8€ Kev eiyodiy Hpiduo cat Tpwol doer
"Apyeiny "Edéyny, Fs elvexa moddol ’Ayauay
Ji Sook Ax phastas hing deta plios ais:
GAN’ 10 viv Kard adv "Ayady Yarkoyirdiven,
166
10
180
186
SECOND BOOK OF THE ILIAD 29
aois dyavois txécrow épyirve dara cacror,
Papa Bel pak tha’ Dixbies) Aadieadinremell
dls éar’, ab’ driOnoe Bed, yhaveams "APjrn,
Bi Be Kar’ OdAvprOW Kapiver alfaca,
napradinos 5° Ixave Jods ent vjas “Axadv.
cipey éres’ 'OSveqa Ad pirw drdhavrov,
éorear’- ob8" 6 ye vnds evoréhpwovo pedalens
darer’, érei aw axos Kpadiny Kal Oypdy teaver
dyxoi 8° torapévn mpooty yhauxams "ABiyy»
“Bvoyevés Aacpriddy, rokupyyar’ ‘Odvoaed,
obra 5 olKdvbe, didny és warpba yatar,
dete” dv vieror mohu«dyurt measures;
KaS 8é Kev ebyodiy Mpidu@ xal Tpoot dMérowre
*Apyeh> “EXény, fe: civeca, woh hol Lage
& poly dshavro, fine dud warpliceeine
A)! ih. vip kara Nady "Ayardv, pqbdiaeldaer,
aois 5° dyavois érécoow eprjrve dara tkacror,
pdt €a vijas dhad” Anduer dudiedowas.”
ig abl 81 38ikvmbyie Cece: dra Peetu verae
Bi Be Okay, amd Bé yAatvav Bade- rv Be Kopiooe
apo BipuBiene “Warhcios, oy ol tater
eitsiB' "AxpetBen ‘Ayanduvovor daring, ele
Reel oncamrpcstiwarpinar: apes
pire 23y Kav vjas “Ayaidy acadeojardned
Point ay. Rookie, cab d€oyar dpa iceabp
RN erat ir teat idoycteconmaneeeiss
“Baspove, ov oe doe Kaxdw ois Sadiorcofas,
Dtieints ‘re xdByca. nat, ddhove pun Achdes
dip! re adda ot8” ofc wor. "Arpetuvas:
vip pir waparas, réya 8 Beran vias Axadv.
9.5 ob mdvres dxotraper, olov ceumev.
30
196
220
OMHPOY IAIAASOX B
pin Yolwrduevos peep xaxty vias “Ayaidw.
Oupds Se péyas dori Siorpepdos Bacrdijos,
icant es Aiea (Sorvtei gala (BE Gi arprteran Lads
$V 8" od Ffuou do8pa. Box Bodewrd' +’ edetpor,
Pe cresieree Chdarnerees yok Nforaaké re ible
MSNiGH FUraGuas foo act Ghai abo anove,
Pilcdyedeorecol elon cd 8” dirrOhejios. kul evading
ineisian er aus dvapljios abr &t BowF.
ov per Tus mavres Bacrhedooper évfad’ "Axaroi.
otk dyaldy wodvxoipavin- fs xolpavos éorw,
Rrpemless, i dbuxe Kpsvav wil dyavhopifren
[exirrpéy 7° 782 Ouirras, tva odice Bacihedy],”
ds 6 ye Koipavéwy Siere orpardy of 8’ dyopyvbe
airs trercetovro vedv dro Kal Kdowdaw
IX, OF Gre Kipa worupdoicBoo Oardoons
abyiah@ peythy Bpfuerar, cuapaye BE re w5pr0s,
‘The insolent Thersites criticises Agamemnon.
Broe per p" Lorro, eprireber 88 nal” Bpas-
Ocpcims 8° ee podvos duerpoem}s éxodga,
8: J” frea Specs Jaw deoopd re woddd re f8y,
pd); drap ob ard xdopov, epilduevar Bavihedow,
GAN’ Gri of clraro yeXouoy "Apyeiourw
Euperan. alryroros 82 dvip dxb "Thioy FAOer-
odkds eqv, ywdds 8” Fepov wé8a- 7d S¢ of Spas
kupré, éxt ariOos ovvoyansre airap trepier
Gokds equ nedadzy, edi 8° emenjrobe Adyrn.
&Oioros 8° AYIA pddior” Fu HB? “OBvo7F
ro yap vaneleone. rér” att "Ayauduvon Bip
bEka Keedyyas éy? dveidea: r@ 8’ Gp? *Axasot
eerdyhus Koréovro, wepérondev 1° dot Oupp.
226
25
SECOND BOOK OF ‘THE ILIAD 31
airap 6 paxpa Bodv "Ayaneuvova veixee mile
“"Arpetby, réo di) abr’ empéudear 82 yarlLas ;
aieiat ror xadnod weciat, oXNal 82 yuraixes
daly dvt whurigs eEaiperor, ds ror "Axasot
parler SiSouer, cbr’ dv xrohlepav ehayuer.
F ex Kai xpvood émbBeveas, dv né rs oloa
Tpdwy imrodduow e€ "IAiov vlog drowa,
by nev ays Brjoras dydyw $f ddhos "Ayaisye
He yuvaixa véqv, ta ploryea ev didérnm,
jw 7 airds drovdodu naricryent: ob ply eouxer
dpydv dévra xaxov émParxtue vias “Aya.
S méroves, xan’ edéyye, *AyartBes, ober! "Axatol,
oixadé rep civ vyvot vedueBa, rovde 5° oper
airod &i Tpolg yépa mecotpes, Spa Bras,
F pa cl of xohpets tpocaprivoper fe Kal otni-
8s nal viv "Aydija, & péy’ dueivova dora,
jripnoe- éddv yap exe yépas, atros dnovpas,
ANNA pdr? obe "AysdAi Aros Gperty, ANNE perio’
F yap dv, Arpelin, viv torara \wByoao.”
Thersites ix chastised by Odysseus,
Be: fedro vevkelow "Ayaptavove, roipéoa Andy,
Gepoimns. 76 8’ dxa napioraro Bios ‘Odvecais,
Ratify badSpa Uae yuhenp Johrare pally:
“@epoir dxpirdpuble, Meyis wep dw dyopyris,
ferytoy end" Bad” clos epilGuevar| Baovatows
Biiplin|'Erd edo gout xepnidrepor (Bporty” dkKor
Pajava:, Soom dp’ ArpetBye dnd Duoy FhOov.
mGinde dy’ Baoiiijes avd aoréu’ Eye dyopedas,
Kul ow dveibed re mpodipors, voorov re Guddroos
ob8e ri mu odéee Suey Saws eora tdde Epya,
’
32
206
275
OMHPOY IAIAAO3 B
Bad Fe wands voorjooper vies “Axara.
[76 vin *Arpetdy "Ayapeuvor, rope dade,
Fora dvadilov, dre of pada woAAa Sidodow
Fpwes Aavaol. od 82 xepropéwy dyopedes.]
AN’ de ror epéa, rh 5 wat rereheopevoy éorat’
ei’ te a adpaivovra Kiyyoroua ds wd wep Bde,
panér Sra’ "OSverje napn dpourw rein,
pnd" ere Tyreudxow warijp Kechnpevos ein,
el pi) by ce daBdw dad pev ida cipara dicrw,
xAaivdy +” 95 yerova, tad 7 aldO dudeeaddrrer,
airby 82 Khalovra Jods eri vias ddyjow
merrnyas dyopife dexéoo. ahyyjow.”
as ap &hy, oxnrrpy 8 perddpevor HS Kal dpa
mite 6 8° trdly, Oarepov 5€ of exwere Sdxpu,
opadé 8 aiparéecaa perappévov efvravéor
oxymrpav vo xpvotov. 6 8° ap” Lero rdpBnoev re,
dyjoas 8’, dxpeioy iddv, dtopdpEaro Sdxpu.
a) Bea dirtuerol wep te? abrG 489 yédasoap:
O3e 5é rs elteoner [Sd és myolov dddov*
“& wémow, 4 8} pupil’ "Odvaceis écPda copyev
Boutde +” eEdpyav dyabas wéheusy re xoptoomy:
viv 5é rode wey dpurrov év “Apyciounw épeter,
de roy AeBnripa- tree Belo toy’ éyopdav,
Bite jis this, Brit dilate Boubs doylvep
vakeeav Barras dvedelors erderow.”
Odysseus urges the Continuance of the War, reminding of the Portent
at Aulis
ide. dderav § rhy Oils, Bad Bidlaroh onl OSvaceds
corn oxijntpow exov. mapa 8 yhauxdms AOy»y
eBqubn eofpue owwniy Kado dodeyav,
SECOND BOOK OF THE ILIAD 83
os dua O of mporol re Kal doraro. vies "Ayouaw
pidov dxoveeav Kal émppagcalaro Bouhijr.
6 chy & dpovéwy dyopycaro Kal peréamer>
ui "ArpetBn, viv By o¢, dvaf, eOéhovow "Ayal
mae dhéyyurroy Oéuevar pepéneacr Bporoiew,
obdé tor exreddovew indoyeow, jv wep orloraw
ev0G5’ er. oreixovres an’ “Apyeos inmoBérao,
"Thor eemépoavt’ eureiyeov drovéerPat-
ds re yap 4 maides veapol ynpai re yuratees
adAjrourw ddipovrar olkdvde véerBar.
F pw ral movos éotiv dunfévra véeafat.
ral ydp ris 0 fa piva pévov dd Hy dXdyouo
doyadda civ wy rohubiye, dv mep deddar
Xe pa ehéwor spwomevy re Odharoa:
ayuiv 8° eivards dor mepirportay évnaurds
eOdde pipvdvrercr. “p ov veprecriLope Y *AXaods
deyahday rapa vnvol Kopwviow: GAAG wal gums
alerypdy roe Snpdv re pévew Kevedv re véeofar.
thie, pidor, Kal peivar’ ext ypdvov, ddpa Saaper,
W eredy Kahyas parreverar fe kat ovxi.
@iyap 8) 168e Baer di dest, dove 82 advres
Baprupot, o8s pip Kijpes fBav Aardrovo dépovra:
Oa re Kat wpail’, br’ és AIMBa wipes "Ayaudin
AyepBovro, Kaxd Tpiduw Kat Tpawl pépovra-
pets 8° duc wept xprivny lepods Kara Bomods
épdonev aavdrou rednéroas éxardpBas,
Kap ind mAaraviory, dew pew dyhady Bap,
eatin eye onic: Spdeav end sora Bapoivss,
apepdareos, rév f° airos "Ohvpmos xe dduode,
Bupod trattas mpds fa whardmoroy spovee.
Bla 8" fav ecpovdota veoaaol, vfma réxva,
4
OMHPOY IATASOX B
ari 5’ dp’ imép xehadis Nyrniy vl eouxcis
Néoropt, rév pa pdora yepovroy re “Ayapeuvor.
TO pu derdpevos mpowepdvee Peios dverpos-
“etdews, "Arpéos vie Satdpovos trmoddpoww;
od xpi} marmixvov iden Bovdyddpor avdpa,
@ daoi r emrerpadharar Kal rorca péunrer.
viv 5° euler Gives dina Avds S€ rou dyyehds ely,
85 oe dvevey édy péya xyderar 78° edeaipa.
GapiEat x’ éxédevore Kapy Kopowvras “Axarods
navovdin- viv yap Kev €hos roku eipydynay
Tpoiow ob yap ér’ dudis "OMipmea Bipar Exovres
dPdvaror ppalorrar éréyvapier yap aravras
“Hpy Mowopmévy, Tpderoe Be Kyde ébpwras
ée Aids. GAMA ob ojo exe bpect, bbe re diOn
sipetres, cir’ dv oe pedibpov vavos dv
as dpa havjoas dwreByoero, rav 3¢ Nix’ avrod
ra dpovdorr’ dvd Ooudy & pf ob redeecBar fueddov
$7 yap 6 y' aipjoew TMputpov roku spare Keive.
vimos, obde Ta Woy, & pa Leds pxpdero epya-
Oyjoew yap &' queddew en" ddyed ve crovayds te
Tpwot re Kal Aavactor Bid Kparepas soptvas.
Eypero 8 éF Seven, Ocin 3é pu dudéxur’ dudr}.
Gero 8° dpbubeis, pahaxdy 8° &duve xerdva,
xahby wnydreov, rept Be péya Bdddero diipos-
mogot 8° td Aumapoiow <dyjoaro Kad wédira,
audi 8° dp” duow Badrero Fibos &pyupdndov-
ero 82 cxierpov warpexov, dpOcrov alet:
ov 7 €By Kara was “Ayaay xahxoyiraiven.
SECOND BOOK OF THE ILIAD 25
Council of the Achaean Princes.
"Has per pa Gea tporeBicrero paxpoy “Okvpror
Zui ows epéovea cal dhrous Aavdrourw-
0 abrap 6 Knpixerot MWyupPdyyo Kéhevrer
xnpicrey dyoprvde xdpn Kopdovras “Axacovs.
ol péy dejpuocor, roi 5° qyeipovro pad’ Gra.
Bovhiy 6@ zpdrov peyatipen Ie yepdyraw
Neoropéy rapa vi Uvdovyeréos Bacidjos.
rods 3 ye ovynahéoas muKary aprivero Bovdyjy
“RAGre, qudo. Oeids pou erimmov FiOev Svaspos
auBpociny dia wixra, padiota 8¢ Néoropr Bia
Bos te péyelds re py tT dyxwora eginew.
ar 5’ dp’ imp Kehadijs, al pe mpds pillow eeemev-
‘aides, “Azpéos vie Saidhpovos immoddpovo ;
phixp) marrix.oe eibew \Povdydépov. dvepa
G haol r’ émrerpdcara: Kal réoca péunrev.
viv 8° éudBer fives dea Aide 5€ ror dyyedds clus,
Zecwn avevber dv pdya wfSeras 48" Dreatpe. A
DopiEai a” exéhevoe xépy Kopduvras ’Ayaods (
mavovdin viv ydp Kev hos wodw ebpdynav
Pitas pb yap. dudts “Okiamal Sues’ Siavres
Beit dpdiowras: dxtyvaysper pip) dnerrut
“Hpy Arcopéry, Tpderor Se wide ebirrac
Betiegad Adio) apow eye dperiv.!’ ty 8 piv draw
xe dwowrdpevos, dud Se yhuxds Tavos dvijxer.
BAM dyer’, af xév ees Ouopritouer alas *Axaidy.
impare 8° éydv Frerw waipiicopan, Bes dorky,
Kal peta ody rpvol moduKdyjurt Keheioo*
76 dpets 8’ Grdollev dhdos epyriav éndercw.”
Fro by ds clnew Kar’ dp’ Lero, rote 8° dvéorn
100
105
OMHPOY IATASOS B
Néorwp, ds pa Uvdow drat fv jpaldevros:
6 odiv €d dpovéew dyopyjraro Kat peréemev
GeT AaNe BApryeli Tyapropes 9ea peliovres:
RS aoc coe" Goapoe Ayyaid ENNox theres
Puede es halen cal vou piloleda jah oe=
viv 5° Ber ds péy dpurros “Ayauav edyerar elvac.
aN dyer’, al Kv tas Owpryfopev vias ‘Ayady.”
Assembly of the Achaeans. Agamemnon’s Speech.
ds dpa porjoas Bovdis & Hpye véeobat,
ot 8° cravérrnoay reiPovrd re momen Lady,
oxnrtouxo Baorhijes. erercetovro S¢ daoil.
ire Bvea low perioodor ddwawr,
méxpns tx ydadupis alcl véow epyoperdav-
Borpudiv 8 wérovrax én’ avfeow eapwoiow-
al pev rt’ &vba dds merornarat, al b€ re &vBa-
ads ray vea moa veo dro Kal Kodo
tudvos mpordpote Baleins éatrxowvro
Daddy els dyopjv pera 5€ aquow Gooa Bedjev
Br eiecan eaar Ache Reroekns osc Bi donee
rerpijxe 8° dyopy, b7d 52 arevaxilero yaia
hactay tances Cabot D nay. eeuteeateck
ichoemes isdabreciaparsen sat mort tars
pial Nceatretan Be) Scexpeicay” Bausliieed
ee Devin ie popitoern
SPS iy ay eran CaeN Sy netsay ven ey
éory oxintpov cxov’ 7d per “Hdaurros nape taiyor.
SB gustcretig ude SeiaenAL Uk peared Ghat
cdrdp dpa! Zale) Bsa Sinarsianl tepeieberg:
"Bppelas 8 doae Seer Tom wintery,
abrap 6 atre Héhop Sax" *Arpd, rood Aaoy-
110
5
126
SECOND BOOK OF THE ILIAD a7
*Arpeds 52 Ovijorxav Emer rokvapr Ovéory,
atrip 8 abre Ovdrs’ "Ayaytavori. Neve fopavan
mohAjow vijrod: Kai “Apyed marti avacoas.
7 6 y' epeodpevos ene’ Apyetoun perqida-
“& dirow jpwes Aavaol, Oepdmorres “Apnos,
Leis we péya Kpoviins ry &enoe Rapely,
oxérhos, ds mplv pév por taréoyero Kal xarévewren
“Dov éexmépoavr’ dvreiyeor drove Oat,
viv S& Kaki andrmy Bovdeicaro, Kai pe nehede
Surxhéa “Apyos inéafa:, éxet mohiv didera hadv.
[obra mov Ad pédrc brepperdi pidov «Ivar,
85 5% moANdww woiww Karéhuce apnve
WS" ei wai Adoe- rod yap Kparos earl péporov.]
aloxpav yap réde y’ eo7l Kal docopérom sbldobar,
paab odrw rodvde trordvbe re Kady “AYauar
dapyxtov médqwor rodeuilaw 782 padyerBas
avSpder. mauporépout, réhos 8° ob ma Te mépavrar.
i mep ydp x’ eBédhomer "Ayaiol re Tpads re,
Spria mora rapdrtes, apOunIypevar auor
Tpdes piv hefaoba ehdorn Guo cacw,
pets 8° es SexdSas diaxoopnbeiper "Axacol,
Tpdav 8° dvdpa caro éroipefa olvoyoeie,
Raat ies ivaBex Sevotarn cleo:
régooy eyd dmpe wréas eupevar vias "Ayodw
Belay) (ott yalowes) Kard-nrchuv. ahd’ Srbsoupot
BGitin ee wihler dyxdervahos edpes Sacin,
pti pdya addfover wal ode elisa’ 20¢dovre.
"Dov dxréporat, é) vasdpevoy wrodiebpov.
Wirt 1B) | ReBiacs Aids. peyshov tiawrol,
Nie bea arderyre sete) eal erndpras:NeNuviei:
al 84 nov jpeérepal ¢ ddoyo Kal wima réeva
0
145
100
165
OMHPOY IAIASO& B
daz’ evi peydpos moribéypevac: dppe 5é épyor
adtws akpdavrov, ob elvexa Seip” ixdperta.
GAN dyel”, dis dv yd cima, reBoimela mévres:
pebyaper ov yqvot pidny es marpida -yatav
ob yap én Tpoiny aipijcoper eipudyuar.”
Unexpected Elect of Avamemaon's Speech.
ats dro, rotor B& Oypdv et orjlecow dpwer
mao pera mryfiv, door ob Bovis éndxovray.
xarjin 5° dyopi) $7) Kipara paxpa Gahdoons,
mévrov "Ikapiowo: ra ev 7? Kiipds re Noros re
dpop’ ematkas marpds Ards ex vepedduy.
ds 8 Gre wunjoy Zédvpos Bald Ayjov Pav,
Ad Bpos enaryifaw, ent x’ pyrier dorayveroy,
ds trav aao” dyopi KWH, rol 8° ddarnro
vias én’ draeiovro, robav 5° trévepfe Kovin
lorax’ deipouém. rot 8° dddyjhourt néhevor
drrecBar vnav 78° axenev els dha Bray,
obpous 7 eexdBaipor- dvry 8° obpavov Tkev
oixade leutvov- tnd 8" ypcov epuara vyav.
Interference of Athena. Odysseus checks the People.
evOa Key “Apycioow bméppopa vooros érixbn,
ahi pah "ACnvainy “Hon apis. pi8or sere
“@ momo, alyoyoro Atds tékos, arpuran,
ovr Si otxdvd<, dikyy és warpida -yaiar,
“Apyeion deigovras tx? cépéa. vdra Saldouge;
Kad 5¢ Kev ebywdijy Tpiduo xal Tpact hiro
“Apyeiny “Bhémy, Fs civcea mohAol “Ayarar
Bea cy ear hcacten tlre tessa eeciaa
GAN We vow Kard hadv *Axady xadeojerdvour,
5
SECOND BOOK OF THE ILIAD 29
gois dyavois eméerow epyrve pata eKagTov,
pb? éa vijas Gad’ éhxepev dpduediccoas.”
ais Spar’, ob8" dnibnoe Ded, yhavkams “AbHrm,
Ba Se Kar’ OdAiprowo Kapiver atfara,
rapmahipos 8” ixave Ooas emi vias “Axarav.
hoe Eres’ Bafa. All, pro deere
égreaiz’ > ob8' 6 ye vnds evawéhpowo pedalvns
Serer’, del par <xos xpadiqy xat Gouda emp
dyyob 8? lorapdry xpoodpn, yhauxdims "AGHA
“Sioperes Aacpriddn, Torvpyyav’ ‘Odvered,
ovr 81 oixdvde, pidny és warpida yarn
Mastest te feco:. sakmdsfos seat
Kad 3¢ Kev edywAjy pidpw xat Tpwort Nearowre
*Apyeiu “Edény, is eivexa modAol “Ayaiav
tv Tpolp drddovro, didns and marpiSos atys-
GAN iH viv Kara dadv "Ayatdy, pydé r epic,
cos 5° dyavois éncerow épirve para tKactov,
Ppibaiddlirfas Dad! dladeas: dubackiorees
EESAGS $. 83 \Fuwdques Peas SauieaPnauere
gis Bde, (wb) 86) yhatocal Pede- pegeeehamares
REEL ES piBacnc. ‘Wasputos,| dx iol Suyitale
airds 8° *ArpetBen *Ayapepvovos dyrtos eBay
Bohl piStetpor iwc p ctor, (it Orcas ates
atv 7 ¢An ward vias “Axasdv yalnoxerdvev.
Breil nists Bounce, nal Aravava celica eex ety,
BR liacts eateroix Spyrioages, wupaards®
ese, oS ce Sane xaxdw.ce Sadioucoden
Me obrée re xéSyco cat dddovs Bpve hands.
ob ydp mw cada olet’ ofos vdos “Arpetavos:
viv pev mapara, raya 8° Gperar vlas “Axadv-
&y Povhj 8” ob zdsres dxovwaper, olov came.
30
195
210
215
220
OMHPOY SAIAAOX B
Ha 7 Xowodpevos peép xaxdy vias "Aya.
Oupds 8@ péyas dori Siorpeddos Bacrdjos,
rip 8° ee Avds dori, dudet Sé € pnriera Zeis.”
dv 8’ ab Syjyou dvipa Bor Bodewrd 2° ebedpo.,
roy oxymrpy edcarke buoK\noarké Te pvOw-
“Sacudve’, drpéuas Foo Kal dhhav poBov drove,
ot oto péprepoi dow, ob 8” dardhepos Kal dvades
ovre nor’ év wohdum evapiAuios ovr’ ert Bovdj.
ob fey tas wavres Baorheivoner évfdd" “Axaroi.
ovx dyabby rodvxopavin els rotpavos érra,
els Bamrheis, EBaxe Kpédvov mdis deyevdopajren
[oxiarpov 7° 78€ Peuroras, Wa odior Bacrdeiy].”
ds 6 ye Kowpavéwy Siere orpardv: of 8° dyopypde
aims trerceiovro vey dro nal xhoidew
WX OF Gre Kipa odubroiaBoo Bardcons
alyiah@ peydry Bpéucrar, cpapayd 8€ re aévros.
‘Tho Insolent Thersites criticises Agamemnon.
Aloe 6" Lovro, dfrudor 82 nal® aBpas-
Geporirns 5° ere podvos duerpoems éxoddia,
Oe ee Sra
Piaie rapt od iicare vesiatinn Cataierns) Rar eos
aX’ Gre of elracro yeAoiov "Apycionw
eared perpet OMe itu t hcowt Sa
Godxde Sy; ywAde 8" Sepor woke 7d-8E ol Spco
xupra, ert aribos ovvoywxére: abrap Urephey
eakte arp mabaloresubsten tc Exergeoaley er:
EyPictros Bo AyiMh pause ie" POBsomi-
Talia weneione Uxeiiair MAVaRniTAT Db
bfea Kexdyyds dey’ bveiSea- rH 8" dp’ ’Ayarol
Perdyhas norlavro, vepdoornhee 2 Gt Oyus.
SECOND BOOK OF THE ILtAD a1
airip 8 faxed Body" Aymubiwovar vile pee
20 “ArpdtBy, 160 8} adr’ emyududbenn 482 yartleis;
metal ror yahxod Khuoiat, woddat 52 ywwaikes
cigly dvi whurins éfaiperon as roe “Ayasol
mpwriory SiSopev, eb’ dv mrodieIpov eXamev.
i ee Kal xpvorot emBeveu, dv xé rig ole
290 Tpoaw inroddpor é& "Idiov vlog drowa,
bv kev eyd Sijoas dydyw fj dddos “Axaidw:
ye quale vény, tra ploryeae ev duddryre,
Wy 7 abrds drovdorge xarioyea- of per dorwer
dpxdv dévra Kaxdy ériParnéuer vias “Ayaidiv.
m5 & méwoves, Kan’ eheyxe "Axaudes, obnér’ "Axauos,
oikadé wep odv vnuot vecueba, révbe 8 eopev
airod evi Tpoin yépa reroduer, dbpa Tnras,
i pd ré ot xipelts mporapdvopev ie wat ovxi-
ds kal viv "Ayrdja, do péy dyetvova dra,
200 sripnorev- éddv yap exe yépas, abrds drovpas,
GAAG pah” obm "Axtdije yGhos dperin, GANA peOrjpeaw
H yap dv, “Arpel8y, viv terrara hwBrjorawo.”
‘Thersites is chastised by Odyaseas.
Be Gidro sexielen *Ayapduvowa, wespéoa Nabe,
Gepoirns. 75 8 dra wapioraro Sios ’Odvocets,
Bs Kal jiir’ twé8pa iSdv yarerG frimare piy-
UBepate’ dipirduvBe; Neybs wep Uv dyopyns,
teryes, pnd? Ge” ofos epliuwar Barredo.
ov yap dyad oéo dmpt yepadrepov Bporay dddov
Bie, Broo. dy" 'Arpetigs. dnd "ihtov dior.
20 76 ode dy Baordjas dvd ordp? Exav dyopabacs,
Kai oder dvetded re xpobepos, voarov re guddooos
obs ti aw oddba Byer drs éora rade Epya,
32
266
270
276
280
OMHPOY IAIASOX B
4 eb Fe Kaxds voorjoropey vies "Axasdiy.
[26 viv “Arpeldy “Ayapeurorr, open adv,
Aun) Svaibitaw. Bev ol ithe: wohXd. BBotow
jjpwes Aavaol. od Be xepropéaw dyopetas.]
aN ex rou épéw, 7d SF Kat rerehecpevoy érrar-
ck et oO abpaivovra Kixyoroua as wi mep Ode,
paxer” rer’ "OSveq. xdpy dpoow ezein,
pnd" Ev Tydepdyoro marip Kexdynpevos etyy,
ct ph ey oe daBdy ad per ira cipara diow,
Xaver 1” be yurdiva, ta 7 aida duikaddnre,
GarSeiBS whalavra Pods emt vias ddrfow
meniyyis dyopiber daxéro: myyfiow.”
as ap’ dm, oxpmrpy Se peradpevow Ade Kat dpw
RRpeee Me Meainttn, faheser 82 ol \teuere Bax:
DAMM rercerorn, fara) pérou eLerartory
oxyrtpoy tro xpuréov. 6 8’ ap’ Lero rapBnoey re,
dhyjoas 8’, dxpeiov iSdv, dropdpéaro Saxpu.
ot 8& Kal dyvipevol rep én’ aird 48d yéhavca-
Gide b€ ris citerner Sav es mrnolov adhdov-
Sd adaon, $8) pipl ’Obvomeds daha topyev
Bovhds 7’ e&dpyuv dyabas médhepdv re Kopioowr:
viv 82 réde wey’ dpurrov éy ‘Apyciouny epeter,
Bete Mash cipa dren kanes eyontinn
ob thiy pw mid aime dvyjoe Oopds dyjrop
vaxcar Barras dvadeos exderow.”
Odysseus urges the Continuance of the War, reminding of the Portent
at Aulis.
Gs dca % wry Os, dva 8° 6 rrodimopBos 'OSvecas
orn oxintpov éxav. mapa 8¢ yhavkams *AOjuy
elBoudry xijpue. ciowiy Nady dvdyen,
SO
SECOND BOOK OF THE ILIAD 33
ais dpa & of mparoi re Kai doraro vies "Axa
pidov dxovoeay Kal enigparmalats Bovkyy.
o ope & Pporeay dyopyrato Kai peréarar
“"Arpetin, vov 89 oe, dvaf, eOéhovow “Ayacot
wacw éhéyyiorov Ouevar epéreron Bporotow,
ov8€ To exreddovow indcyecw, Be wep vrecray
a8" x oreixovres an” “Apyeos tmmoBdrowo,
“Duov exaéprarr’ éureiyeow drrovéer#ar~
ds re yap } aides veapol yjpal re yuraixes
aforow. SBépovrat olndrbe reeataN
F poy ai wévos cotiv dunbévra véer@ar
kat yap tis 0 &a piva pévow ard Fs dddyoto
doxahdg civ yi rodvbiye, dv mep deddat
xepepa eéwow dpwopevn re Odharra:
jp 8" civards dot. mepirportay dmavrds
evOdSe pipvdrterar, 7O ob vepecriLop” "Ayatods
doxahdav rapa vyuat Kopwvicw: ahha ral eumns
aloxpdy roe Snpév re pevav xevedv re véec Oar.
thijre, bidor, kal peivar’ ent ypsvor, ddpa Sadper,
Mieréey.'Katkyas’ pavredcred fe nat went
& yap 54 réde Bpev evi dypeciv, dare Be wdvres
papropa, ovs px) KApes EBav Pavdroww pépoverar:
xOka re Kai mpwil’, dr’ ds Avda vies "Axaav
Hyepovro, axa Upudpm nai Tpwot d¢povoa-
Miuee 3” Audt areph xprfimy lepods xard Bapods
epdomer abayarourr reAnéooas éxarduPas,
Set gtsnd ailcrarlrcgy, d0ev fey dy hady SBaipy
BK abd wéyn chia. Spdruv tei vora Bahcwds,
apepbadtos, rv f° adrds ‘OMpmos Fre déoode,
Raped swathes «pts fa shardncroy Speure.
BMGRN tran crpoveln veiocal wfma rhkeva;
SECOND BOOK OF THE ILIAD 85
40 ev wupi 5) Bovdai re yevoiaro prjded 7 avdpay
onovdal 7 dxpyro at Sefiat, js exdnlper
atros ydp pf éréeoo’ epidaivoper, odbé me phyos
eiptuevar Surduera, wohdv xpdvov evdd" dévres.
"Arpetdn, od 3° &0" as aplv exav dorendéa Bovdijy
MS dpyev’ ‘Apyelovoe xara Kpatepds bopluas,
rovobe 8° éa divider, Ga Kat Svo, rol Ker “Ayarar
voodpw Bovreiwo’, dvucis 5° atx érverar airav,
ap “Apyood? idvar, mpiv kal Ads alydyoo
yripevae ct re Weddos dadayerts, ef re Kal oda
300 ¢ypi yap oby Karavedora Umeppevda Kpoviawa
Hpare 7G, dre vyvoly dv dxumépacw €Bawov
"Apyeo. Tpdecor pdvov Kai xijpa dépovres,
dorpantoy émdet’, cvaioimwa ojpara daivon-
Ti y nis) ply’ dreiyhrGes oledslaawmentan
955 mplv Twa map Tpoow dddyy Kataxoyninvar,
rivar8a 8° “Ens dpprjpard re orovayas Te
di 8€ ris dxmdyhos Céde olxdvde vécoPar,
Rsrérle Fe. vnde dvooOpoin, padaligss
Benedict" eNiaw Ocrerav’(xali madera
900 GANG, aval, aids 7 cb jerjdco weifed T° ahAy-
ob ro ardBdyrov énos dooerat, Grr Kev elrm:
xpiv’ dv8pas xard ida, xara dpyjzpas, "Aydpepvov,
ais bprizpn dpritpndw dpiyy, Pira Se dvdows.
eb 8€ Kew cis epEys Kat ror we(Pwvrac "Ayacol,
Be yrdoy eral So O tycpéver xaxds, 8 Te vv Nady,
PAU Seie doPibe spos+ Kart’ a¥tas pl kaptorras?
yriireat 38” 3) Kai Oconeoiy rédkw obm dhandtas,
RAG Aie xaxorire) Kal dasa Sty) rokdjo,”
ano
36
390
305
OMHPOY IAIAAO3 B
Agamemnon orders Preparations for Battle.
zi BY drayaPéuevos pootin pean "Ayaudjan-
“F od air" dyoph muds, yépov, vias "Ayaioy.
at yap, Zed re warep kat “APyvain Kat “Amod\ov,
erie lOc Paneer ha dBboce elon A pels
7G ke ray’ Hptoae wods Mpidyowo dvaxros,
xeprw Ud’ jyerepyow ddovad te mepPopéry re.
GAhd por aiyioyos Kpovidns Zeds dhye’ Soxev,
85 je jeer’ dmprjrovs épidas Kal veixea Bdddew.
Kal yap éydv “Aytteds re paynoduel’ civera Kovpys
Reet iras eal 8 apvor wakerelrae:
i Bé mor’ & ye piav Bovdreiroper, obkér’ érera
Tpwcv dvaBhynots Kaxod éocerar, odd’ Bar.
viv 8° pyc” eri Setrvov, iva Evvdrywpev “Apna.
Giese Ripe) OpEka0, BB” dev lle: Okabe,
@ 8é ms inrocw Setrvor Sora axurdderow,
oh 8€ mis apparos apdls iSdr rorcuowo pedéobw,
Se ce oo ian eS ae
ob yap Tavowhy ye peréocerat, odd’ Bardv,
Spon IE ePotera Cian pusher pévos dvd par.
Sibek ae rede dady creat
dselos An piBpdiys wept 2 Syl \elpa xapciras
Siero Bi red laren tieooe pia aiaioae!
BHacic. tiie lareoe here Belora sore
Riakitas aipk eel eects, eSisllirara
Spitom drodireh dirphas? soa 98° otewods.”
The Assembly is dismissed. Sacrifice and Feast.
ds éhar’, "Apydor 52 péy’ layor, is dre kiya
died Ef Ampdj, re anfey Néros Ose,
410
416
SECOND BOOK OF THE ILIAD aT
mpoBdyre ononehy- rov 8" ov more ripara Aetirer
wavroiw dvéenwv, or dv 0" y WOa yoorras.
dyordvres 5° Spéovro xedachévres xara vijas,
kdmvoody re Kara Kdicias, Kal Seimvoy Edovru.
Gddos 3’ ahrw epele Hedy aicvyeverdar,
eixydpevos Odvardy re duyeiv Kai padov “Apnos-
pid, Bote ldperer duck aisativ "ka hirun,
wiova, Tevtaérnpov, Wreppever Kpovieory,
rixhyoxey 8¢ yépovras dpurrijas Wavayardiv,
Neerope pe mparura Kal _Boperja dvaxra,
airap éret’ Alavte Siw Kai Tvddos vidr,
éxrov 8° abr’ ‘O8veqja, Ad pijrw drdhavrov.
airdpatos 3¢ of FAOe Bony dyals Mevddaos*
Boece yap Kara Ovpov adedpedv ws erovetro.
Body 8 nepiornody re Kal otAoxvras dvéhovro,
Meee tS tie pers! perédn npelieah Meese
“Zeb xvduore peyote, xedawepes, alfep vaiur,
Bi) mplv ex’ jéhov Sivas wal emi xvéhas édBeiv,
DP iicaiiel naires «prpts Reheat Uipreuca juthal par
aldadser, mpira S& tupds Sino biperpa,
Exripeov 82 yurdve. wept oviSeros Sattar
Besa teryahéie-owolSse. 8) daddies abrte Erahpin
apnvées ev xovipow 684% Nalolaro yatay.”
Gs &har’, od" dpa mu ot drexpatawve Kpoviav,
GAN 6 ye Séxro yey ipd, mdvor 8’ ddiacrow dpehrev.
airap éxet p' eifavro xai obdoytras tpoBdhorro,
aidpyoay piv xpira Kal dopatav wat édepav,
Pinch x? ierapev ard, re exley, deBvpar,
Sirruya moujravres, ex’ airav 5° dpoblérpoay.
kal ra pev dp cyilpow addddoow xaréeaoy,
orhdyyva 8’ ap’ cureipayres izeipexor “Hpaiorovo.
430
485
0
45
450
455
OMHPOY IAIAAOS B
atrap enc Kare pipa xan Kat omddyyva mévarro,
picrvAdy 7 dpa rddda Kai dud’ 6Beroiow érapar,
Ee ee ee
airap énet zavcavro mévov rervxovts te daira,
Baivwrr’, obSé 71 Oupids Severo Sairds cons.
Br fartltaad seins) nal Peden eb epee ero,
rots dpa pvlwv Fpye Vepyvos inmdra Néorwp>
“Arpeidy widurre, avat avSpav ‘Aydpenvor,
MRR aE IEHE cBok Neydiedlas jayBe roypor
GpBaddeipeBa epyov, 3 Sy Beds eyyvadifa.
GAN diye, rerjpunes per "Axawdy yadxoyiravew
Aady Kypioworres ayeipdvtay Kata rhas,
jyeeis 8° dOpdor Bde Kata orpardy cbpiv “Aya
Wea Rb ia) ne Catron’ eyetpopir-Beey “Apna”
The Army advances to Battle.
Be ttar’ 008" dalnerer ook dv8piy ‘Ayapdasue
atrina eqpiKero. hyupBeyyour. Kéhevrer
xyptaoew tohepdvde xdpy xopdowras *Axatoris.
ot pev éxyjpvocor, tol 8° iyeipovro pad’ dxa.
ot 8° dud’ "Arpetava Siorpepées Bacrdijes
Gawor epbrewtes pera! 82 yards ABifon)
alyi8’ eyove” epiripor, dyyjpaov dOavdrny re:
Ths éxardy Picavor nayypicen hep@ovrar,
advres dumdextes, ExarduBoros Se exaoros-
Oly afi eauhdormrn Bidrourol hide Ayo
brpivove’ lévar: év 82 ofévos Spee éxdory
scapbliy cata cro srohaptlan FSP cepnrtliss
ro 8" apap’ wéhepine a hweleiv piers $a vberOan
&v wnuot yhaduppor pidyy es marpida yaiay.
bt Whig Ain kcal VEnhKeoes) aeecty DAb
70
475
SECOND BOOK OF THE THAD 39
ovpeos dv Kopubys, aber BE re haiverae abyy,
ds tov épxouévwv awd xahxod Peomeniovo
atyhy tappavoaca &:° alfépos obpavdv Ener.
tav 8°, as 7 dpviBay merenvav Bvea mohhd,
xnvav h yepdvav 7 nixvav Sovrtxodeipwv,
"Arty év hepdn, Kaiorptov dust pepe,
0a Kai Evla rorayrar dyahhopeva mreptyerow,
Khayyndiv mponahiLérror, rpapayer 5€ re heipeiv,
ds tov vea wohha vey dwo Kat Kerio
és meBlov tpoydovro Leapdvproy’ abrap trd xOdw
lapapdahtor novi Bile woBdv abrir zai heroes
foray 8' ev hepa Skapavipip dvfepdevre
pupior, doa re pidda Kal dvlea ylyverar app.
Wire prrdav dSivdow COvea wohdd,
ai re Kara orator roipryiov HhdoKovow
Gpp év elapwy, dre re yhdyos dyyen Sever,
Pzoet tel Tpdirws Kipy Kindorres eA yall
& redie icravro Siappairas pepaares.
Mati) sia" abut Nied Aad” nly abeGhiel a Bped
Peta Siaxpivwciv, erel Ke vopd pryéwow,
Eeterbs trycpdecs Bicxéapitov Ga kal &0a
Stet Wifes: peri BO xpelew'*Aryaueisar,
Sppara Kab Kehariy tkehos Ail repmxepadvy,
“Aped 82 Loienv, oréprov 8¢ Mocaddan.
DeretDote dyShydu jie)" exec: enleracwéoran
railpos- 6 ydp re Sderot peranpére dypoudyprw
Fotov ap’ "ArpeSny Ojne Zeds jmare xeivw,
dempen€ ¢v rohdoicr Kai eoxov jpwerow.
40 OMHPOY IAIASOS B
CATALOGUE OF THE SHIPs.
Achaean Forces (484-785). Prooemium. Invocation of the Muses.
fomere viv pow povoat, “OMpma Sdpar’ exovrat
485 tuets yap Deai dure, wapeoré re lore te mavra,
pets 88 Kdéos oloy dovopen obSé ro Buen,
of reves Hyendves Aavady Kal Koipavor Foav.
ahybiv 8° otk dv eyo pubPjcopae ob8" Svopyves,
GIA! Din! Bixa. wiv poet Sta 8 orbs’ <a
400 diol) 8 dppyeros, xadxeov S€ por Frop évety,
ct pe} “Ohvpmidbes podoa, Ads alyicxowo
Ouyarépes, prncalaé” door br “Ihov AOov,
apxods ab vndy épéw vids re mpordcas.
Greece South of Thermopylae, and Adjacent Ialands (494-644).
Bocotix (494-), Phocis (529-), Locris (sa7-), Euboea (536-),
Athens (546-), Salamis (599).
Bowrdv perv Tnvédews xal Areros #pxov
405 "Apxeothaés Te Upoloyjvup re KXovios re,
Ef Oni ntnw dereece et AGN wer peur
Exotvdv re Ex@Adv re wodicunpdv 7 “Brewvdv,
@krmear Tpatdy re xa ebptyopov Muxadnowde,
EE gr idiisuripi toaianra (kat terion well Epsdpar
m0 of 7° "Edm" clyoy 98° “TAnv wat Meredva,
‘Akal Gp MeSeGrd 7, dueriuevor. arroMebipon,
Koras Ebrpyot re rodvtpypord re Cio By,
of re Kopiweav xai roujet” “AXaprov,
ot re WAdracav éxov 75" of PMoavra vepovro,
405 of 8° “TrofyjBas elyov, euxrinevov wrohiepov,
"Oyxnordy 6° icpdv, MooSrov dyhady ahoros,
ot re rokvoraduhov “Apyny exov, ot re Midcap
516
SECOND BOOK OF THE ILIAD 4a
Niody re Catéqu "AvOyS6va 1’ dorxardaray.
Trav pév wetyKovTa vées Klov, &v BE éxdary
Kotpo Bowray éxarov Kal elkoor Baivor.
of 8 "AowAnSdva vatoy (8° “Opxopevdy Muvvecov,
av py’ “Acédapos Kal ‘lddpevos, vies “Apnos,
ods rékey “Aorudyn Souq “Axropos “Ald Bao,
mapbévos aldoin, tuepirov eloavaBaca,
"Apne xpatep@ 6 5é of wapehefaro ddbpy.
rois 52 zpujxovra yhadupat vées dorixdurto.
aitap foxijov Syedlos ral “Exicrpopos Fpxor,
vis "Ipirov peyatipov NavBohiBao,
ot Kumdpicroy éxov Uvlava re rerpneooay
Kpiody re (abey wai Aavdida xal Navomja,
ol 7’ "Avencipeav Kai 'Tdurodw dpdeveuarro,
ot 7 apa wap worapoy Kydivoy Biov garoy,
ot re Aihaav éxov myyns er Kyducoio~
rots 5? dua rercapdxovra péhawvar vies erovro.
of pe Daxjov ariyas toracay dpuduémovres,
Bowrav 8° gumdyy én” aprorrcpa PCapijacorro.
Aoxpiv 3° jyyeudvever “Ordos taxis Alas,
pelov, ob Te Té00s ye Goos Tehapeiios Alas,
AYA/ wad ction “SMyor jdv eqn, AiwoSpng,
éyxein 8’ exékaoro MavéAdnvas Kat “Axasods-
ot Kivév 7’ évewovr’ 'Ondevta te Kaddiapdv te
Bhoody re Sxdpdyy te Kal Abyeds eparavas
Midnite re Opdvuty. re Boayplov dude p&Opa-
1@ 8" dpa resoapdxovra péhavae viajes trovto
Aoxpir, ot vaiovor wépny lepiis “EvBoins-
ot 8° "EtPoiav gyor pévea rveiovres “ABavres,
Blkiie 4 Eipérpidy re xokvordjuhte 6! lorlaias
KzjpwOdr + ébadov Aioy r° ale) wrokfeDpov,
OMHPOY JAIASOS B
of re Kdpvorov exo 75° ot Sripa varerdacKoy,
tov ad0" ayeuover’ “EAednjvwp, dlos “Apnos,
Xahnodovriadns, peyabipav dpyds “ABdvraw.
a@ 8 dy’ “ABavres Exovro Bool, dmidev xopduvres,
alypnral, pmepaires dpexrpow pediqow
Odpnxas priéav Syiav audi oriDerow.
7@ 8" dpa recoapdkovra pedavar vies Srovro.
ot 8 dp’ A@qvas elyor, everipevor mroheBpov,
Sipe "EpexOijos peyadyropos, 6v mor’ "APxjvn
Opec, Avis Ovydrnp, réxe 5€ LeiSwpos dpoupa,
Kad 8° dv *APhyps corer, é6 ev rion wd:
Oa BE pv tavporrr Kal dpvewis iddovrar
xovpo "AOnvaiow mepirehNopévar evaurdv~
tov ad0’ Hyepdver’ vids Teredo Meveateds.
16.8" 05 mé rus Spoios emyBérios yéver’ dvip
Koopijra immous re kal avépas domdudras-
Nécrap olos épilev- 6 yap mpoyevéctepos Fev.
70 8° dua revrijKovra péAaivae vijes Erovro.
Alas 5” ék Eodapivos dyer SvoraiSera vias.
[orice 8 dyov iv’ *APqvaiov ioravro dddayyes. |
Peloponnesus (559-), Wostern Islands (625-), Actolin (638-).
ot B'"Apyos 7° elxov ‘Nowv06 re raxieooar,
“Eppidyny *Aolvqy re, Babiv card xddrov eyotoas,
Tpolqr’ “Hidvas re kal duweddevr’ “ExiSavpor,
ot + dxov Atywav Mdonrd re xodpo "Axadv.
Ms a80? chyeptelone: Bony. dyabde /AuoAbag
wal SHévehos, Karavjos dyaxherod didos vids.
roiot 8° ap’ Evptahos rpiraros Kier, lordfeos dais,
Myxurrijos vids Tahatoviiao dvaxros.
ovprdvrov 8° jyelro Bohy dyads Atopydys.
SOP) 39 Meng UME peenderm ry men 24,1 Leer OE
NOUYWOLSae SYNBOAN
SECOND BOOK OF THE ILIAD 43
rourt 8° dy’ dydcnovra péhawar vies exovro.
ot 82 Mumjvas elyor, duxripevow mrohicOpor,
dgvady re Képwhor everipevas re KAcwwds,
"Opvads +’ évdpovro 'Apabupény 7’ tparexhy
kal Suxvir’, 60° dp’ “ASpnoros mpér' ey Barihever,
ot 8 'Trepnoiny re Kal alaxjy Vovocrray
TleAdyjuny 2° elyov, 45" Aiywor dudertpovro
Alyaddy 7° dvd mdvra wal dud’ “EXixny elpetav,
toy éxarby vndv Fpxe kpeiwy * Ayapdpvav
"Arpeldns. dua r@ ye wohd wheioroe wal dpurror
aot Erove’s ev 8° abrds eSicero vepora yadxdy
Kudidaw, wacw be peréxpere jpaerow,
otver’ dpirros éqv, word Se mheiorrous aye Aaovs.
ot 8 elyov xothny AaxeSaluova xqrdéercay,
Dapiv re Xndprny re wodvtpyjpurd re Mérony,
Bpuceds 7 evéwovro kal Avyeds éparewds,
of 2’ dp’ "Apixdas elyov “Ehos 7’, &ipahov arodleDpav,
of re Ada» elyor 78° Oirvdov dudevépovro,
Tay ot ddeAdeds Hpxe, Bory dyalis Mevédaos,
Ebjxovra vedv- dxdreple 82 Dopiacovro.
& 8 airds xiv Jor zpobvpinor zeros,
Grpivov woheudvde> udduorra 5¢ lero upd
Plracfat ‘Rhys Sppiuard re arovayde re.
ot 88 Thihov 7° évéuovro Kal ‘Apyiny éparewhy
RaitG ptiow, “AXpeoto' wépory va): edwrirov ‘Abeé,
kal Kunapuroyevra wat ‘Auduyéveray tvasov,
kal Tireheby wal "Eos al Adpiov, &0a re pobras
derépevar Oduvpw ro» Opyixa wadoay dodis,
Olyahinder idvra wap’ Evptrov Oiyadsijos-
lareiro “yap eiyduesos meqotue, ef rep dy airad
potra deiBorer, Kodpar Avds alydyoio~
010
OMHPOY IAIASOS B
ai 8 yohwodpevar mpdy Oéray, airap dodiy
Geomerinv adédovro Kal éxhéhabov xbapiorriv.
tov abl” iyyepdveve Vepyrios inméra Néotap,
76 8" evenjxovra yhapupat wées eoriydavro.
ot 8° exov “Apxadinv td KuAAxns dpos alm,
Alritwov rapa tipPov, iv’ dvépes dyxewaynrai,
ot Mevedv 7 evépovro Kal 'Opyopevdy zodipnhov
“Pimny re Srpariny re Kal yrepoercay "Evicrny,
wal Teyény <lyov Kat Mavrweny épareuijv,
Sripdmddv x” elyov wal Mappasiny evéuovzo,
trav px’ “Ayraloio mais, Kpetwor “Ayamjvep,
eExjnovra veov: modées 8° ev uni éxdory
*Aprddes dvipes (Bawov, enurrdjevor rohepilew.
aids ydp opu Boxer ava dvipay ’Ayapeuvor
vias évroéhwovs mepday ent olvora mévrov,
*Arpelins, énel ob odu Badowia épya peprew.
ot 5’ dpa Bourpdoy te xal “Hida Siay évarov,
éocov &" “Tppivn Kat Mipowos éryaréuca
mérpy 7 'Mdewin wal “Adeiowov evros eépyes,
rév ab résoapes dpyot gray, Seka 8° dvdpi kedore
vijes Grovto Ooai, woddes 8° EuBarvow "Emel.
av pav dp’ ‘Auhiwayos wal Oddmos yynodotyy,
ules & piv Kredrov 6 8’ dp’ Biptrov, 'Axropiave:
tov 8° ‘Apapvyretdns Fpye xparepds Avipys:
tov 5 rerdprav pe Uodvfavos Peondyjs,
vids "AyacBeveos Adynid8ao dvaxros.
ot 8° de Aovdtxione “Exwder 6 iepdaw
vicav, at vaiover wépyy adds, “HAibos dvra,
rav ab’ jyeudveve Méyns, ardhavtos “Apy:,
DudctBys, dv rikre Suipedos trméra Pudeds,
8s more Aovhiyidvd’ drevderraro marpl yohubels.
aCe
ATHACA—NORTHERN PART, FROM MT, AETOS
From « pheenpaph
OS
SECOND BOOK OF THE ILIAD 45
+@ 8 dua rercapdxorvra pédavar vies Grovto.
abrap ‘Obvoceis ipye Kepaddivas peyalipous,
of p’ "deny elyov kat Nipirov dvocidwhhov,
kat Kpoxvaer’ évépovro nal Alyikura tpnxetav,
ot re ZdxuvBov exov 78" ot Sapor dpuevepovro,
of 1 Wmepov exov 78’ dvrerépara vépovto.
tiv wey "OSueceds Hpye, Att pijrw drahavros,
7G 8 dua vies Erovro Suidexa prdtomapyo.
Altodév 8” jjyeciro Odas, 'AvSpaipovos vids,
ot Tdevpav’ évépovro kal “Ohevov 752 Tvhxjrqy
Xadxi8a 1’ dyyiahov Kavidvd re merpyercar:
ob yap & Oivijos peyadyropos vices Foray,
ob5’ dp’ &’ abris ey, Odve 5 Eavflds Medéaypos:
J Se ee eae
7@ 8° dua reocapdxovra péhawar viajes Grovro.
‘Phe Islands in the Southern Part of the Aegean Ses.
Kpyriiv 5° “ldopeveds Sovpiedurds yemovere,
Pais ivia? chy Uprod ae vayiSerrars
Avkrov Midnréy re kal dpywdéerta Aveacror
Daiorov re “Piridy re, wodras ed vaerodras,
Biel fs ot Kpfryy cvaréuwoles Suderducrta:
rév pay dp’ Topeveds Sovpuchurds iyyeudvever
Mnpisuns 7°, drddavros “Evvadiy dvSpeiddyry:
rote 8° du’ dydtixovra péhawae vies erovro.
Trawéhepos 8° ‘Hpaxhelins, ys re péyas te,
&k “Pébov dvda vijas dye ‘Podiov dyepaiyow,
ot “Poédov audeveuowro Sia tpixa xoopnGérres,
AiBov "Inhuody re cal dprypwderra Kdperpov.
tov pev Trynodcuos Sovpuchurds yendvever,
by réxey “Acrudyaa Bin “Hpaxdyety,
46
670
O76,
6uo
685,
OMHPOY IAIASOS B
Tv dyer’ €€ "Edipys, rorayod dro Sehdyjevros,
mépoas dorea moda Biorpepéwv allydv.
Tanddeuos 8° enet obv zpad’ evi peydpe dumixro,
abrika marpos éoto dihow pijrpwa Karékra,
457 ynpdoxovra, Nextpmov, GCow “Apnos.
alva Be vijas ernge, rodiv 8° 6 ye Aadv dyepas
Bi patyav drt wévrov- dneidnoay ydp ot dddow
vides viwvol re Bins “Hpaxdneins.
airap 6 y' és “Pé8on tev ddaipevos dhyca mdayov:
tprxba Be Ganev Karapviadédy, HSE didnBer
&k Ards, Gs te Peoice Kal dvlpdmacw dvdoce,
xal opwy Oernésiov mhodrov Karéyeve Kpoviwv.
Nipeds ad SipnOev dye rpcis pas divas,
Nipais, "Ayhains vids Xapdrod 1’ dvaxros,
Nipetis, és kaddurros dvpp bxd “Iuov #dber
tiv Ghov Aavady per’ dptpova Tndetura
GX’ ddamadvos eqv, mavpos 8€ of eimero Aads.
ot 8° dpa Niovpév 7° dlyov Kphwatev re Kdov re
kat Kév, Eipumido.o modu, vicous re Kadvdvas,
tov ab DeiSurmas re Kal “Avribos yynodobyy,
Cerrado vie Bite HpaxhelBan dvaros.
ois 5é rpujkovra yhadupat vées eoriydaxro.
Northern Greece. Forces of Achilles and Protesilaus,
viv ab rods Sooo Td MehampKiy “Apyos Evaov
ot 7 "Ahov of 7’ "AXOrny of Te Tpnxiva venovto,
ofr ddxov 40iqv 98" "EANBa Kadhuyivaure,
Moppibdves 52 xadetvro nal "EXknves Kal "Ayal,
rv ab nerrixovra vedv Fv dpyds “Axiddeds.
GAN of y' ob woh€uowo Bvonyxéos cuvdorro-
ob yap apy Geivte oper dabiericar atyioaaras
jo
no
SECOND BOOK OF THE ILIAD a7
cro yap év vijcoot woddpins dios "Axedheds,
Kovpys xodpevos Bownidos sundporo,
Ti && Avpryoood eeldero Tohha poyjoas,
Avprnoaiv Siarophijcas Kai refyea OAPs,
Kad 8é Mivnr’ Bade Kai ‘Eniotpodov tyyerqudpous
vidas Binvoio YehymdSao dvaxros~
ris 3 ye Keir’ dydov, raya 8° dvorjocrbar guchdev.
ot 8 cyov Puhaxny Kat Tvpacor dvPeudera,
Axjunrpos Tépevos, “Iravd re, pyrépa prow,
dyyiaddr 1° 'AvtpGva 8 Trededv Aeyeroiny,
trav ab Hpwreaihacs dprcos yeudvever
Luis ddv- rére 8° ain dyer xdra. yola peéhawa.
rob) B2 wal dudsBpupis aAoyos Ovkday eédetrro
kat Bépos iuredys: tov 8” éxrave AdpSavos avijp
Pais lderoll pear novres seo) wptbrarrod. TAscae:
SL nds ob8! of dvapyn dean, whbedy ye ply dpyéo
GANd oheas Kéapnore [oddpxns, alos “Apnos,
"Idixhou vids woAvpriouv PudakiSdao,
airokagiyyyros peyabiuov Mpwreathdov,
Gmhdrepos yore’ 6 8° apa mpérepos Kal dpelaw,
Fpas Upwrecrihaos dprjwos- ovd€ rm haol
Beiov0" Fyendvos, Vebv'ye piv exOhiv evra.
7 8° dpa recoapdxorra pérawar vies Grovro.
of 52 fepas Evéuovro wapal BoiBnida djueny,
Aap nat Trapdpar wal ducryiéerny Tachnee,
iw Fox “ABuifroca ptdos wis, &8eca we,
Evpmdos, roy tn’ “ASw ire réxe Sia yaar,
“Adxnons, Uehiao Pvyarpaw eldos apiory.
EERE hard Mattnray icnk ocglaninss xfploero
kal MeABoay cyor Kal "OM{dva rpyyeiav,
Tay 88 fdowramms Fpxer, réfwv ed idais,
725
735
40
745
OMHPOY IAIAAOS B
énta vey: épéra 8? ey éxdory wevryjKorra
uBéBacay, rokow & eiddres Ir payer Par.
GAN’ 6 pev ev wnjow Kero Kparép’ dhyea wdryow,
Arjprw év jyabey, 6c jaw drow vies "Ayaav
eheet poxPilovra Kax@ drodppovos wSpov.
af! 6 ye Kei’ dyéov: raya S€ urprertar epedhov
*"Apyeion mapa wyval Diroxr}jrao dvaxros.
obde wey ov8' of dvapyor drav, ré0edv ye wey dpydv’
aka Médav xéopnoer, "Odijos vdlos vids,
zév p' Erexev “Privy tn” 'Ordyt mrohurépBy.
ot 8° elyov Tplkknvy Kal "IPdpny Kopaxdercay.
ot 7 exov Olxadinv, médv Eiptrov Olyadvjos,
caw abd! HyelorOny "Aokdymod Bio maide,
inrip’ dyaGd, Modaddpios 75¢ Maxaov.
trois 5€ tpujxovra yhadupal vées érrexdwrro.
ot 8” Exov "Oppéviov, of re xpiuny “Trépeay,
of 7° gyov “Aorépiov Tirdvoid re deved kdpyva,
trav Fpx’ Eiptwodos, Evaivovos dyAabs vids,
1G 8" dua recoapdeorra pehawar vies erovro.
ot 5° “Apyooav Exov Kal Tupronmy évéworro,
"OpOyy "Hany re wok + OXooeadva every,
tov abé’ ipyeudveve peverréhenos TMohuroirys,
vids Tepe, rov afdvaros rékera Zevs,
tév p tnd Mepifldm réxero Kurds ‘Inroddpea
jjpar. ro Gre dipas érivaro haxvijevras,
rods 8 €x TyMov doe nat AlGixeor athavow:
odx oles, dua r@ ye Acovrais, SCos “Apnos,
vids drepPipovo Kopdvov Kawetdao.
trois 8" dua reawapdxovra péhawat vies Grovro.
Tovrveds 5° & Kudou Hye Sta Kai eixooe vias
+0 8° "Eviives Grovro pevertoepot re epasBoi,
‘755
770
76
SECOND BOOK OF THE ILIAD 49
of mept AwSdvny Sueyeipepor oixi” Bevro,
ot 7 dud’ ipeprov Trrapyaiov epya vepovro,
és pf és Uqvedw mpoiet xaddippoov ddup-
088" Bye Mqve@ cuppioyerae apyupodivp,
Edd +E pew Kabimeper emppte ifir’ eaiov-
prov yap Seavot Srvyis USards dat droppad.
Mayvijtav 8° Fpye Ipé800s, TerOpySdvos vids,
of mepl Unvesy Kai [jd evooipvdov
vaierxov’ tov pev Ipdboos Pods ayyepdvever,
tq 8’ dpa recoapdxovra pédaivar vijes Grovro.
Epilogue to the Catalogue of Achscan Forces.
obra dp’ yyeudves Aavady Kat Kotpavo Heavy.
tis 7’ dp rav dy’ dpeoros eqy, ob por Evvere, podea
airay 75’ immer, of au’ “ArpelSpouw érovro.
Baal dal pty i inerals Sse espe ico
ras "Evpyhos fAavve roddxeas spyblas ds,
Grpixas oléreas, oradihy emi varoy dicas~
Tapeh Typety Opp" Soyupsrobos, "Aad\hasy,
Gysho Onrelas, déBov “Apnos popeovoas.
ayipav ad péy dpurtos eqv TeAapdnos Alas,
Odp’ “Axiheds pjviev 6 yap woAd dépraros Fev,
Trao, ot dop&oxor dyvpova Ty)etuva.
GX’ 6 pév éy jer Koporior movrorépourw
xGr’ drounvicas “Ayapeuvor, rower haar,
spay: AuotB wapa prryute Badderoys
Bioxounry réprovro Kal alyavéyow lévres
Sere nites 80. smant! daunour ole: across
Ardy dperropevor ddedOpenrév re céduwov,
feracav- dppara 8’ 6 mervearpéva Ketro dvdxrav
éy Khcins. of 5° dpydv dpnididor roBéovres
—
60
780
786
790
OMHPOY IAIAAOS B
dotrov tla xat &0a Kare ozpardy, ob5' eudyovro.
ot 8° ap’ ivay, ws ei re mupl xOdv mara véporro:
yaia 8” treorevdxile Au als tepmxepatvy
xoopdr, Gre 7 apdi Tupac yatav indoor
dv "Apipous, 300 gact Tupados eupevar eivds.
ds dpa rav td mogot péya orevaxilero yaia
epxopévay> pha 8° dea Siexpyocov medio.
Forces of the Trojans (786-877). Introduction.
Tpwciv 8” dyyehos Pie rodyvepos axa Ipes
map Aids alyidyoto abv dyyediy ddeyery:
ot 8 dyopas dydpevov ext Upiapovo Oippow
madvres Spryyepees, Wpev veo 7S yépovres.
Ariplabintachulzatn pectin weizs amie Spies
Capra sap yan vi Tpudaosa, Taking,
Sr iabaene wade eluwctonches mcreilon
riby ét depordrip Aleryjrao sgovros,
BSjseot Sandra yas dpopiyhde “Ayal
SES ITE seh aa Ae fe Sela TE SEIS eR
Seah isptces Vatesigathessiiew hk on cnparie dle
ds mor’ én’ epyins: rédenos 8° ddlacros epape.
aa BA aha Oued neean loshin eveptaal
GAN’ ov mm rowvde Toadvde Te Nady Grea
hiny yap didrovww dorxdres F papdloew
&pxorvrar meBiovo paynodpevor mporl dary.
Sirol, rk D2 yadda sea rth qu cOe pen eros
mohNnl.yap card dary, péyas Tipidpov.esteompnsy
Biko Tika Lyksereres puhurmephie ea Potmaea
Toiriy ckartos dijp onpawrera, oloi wep apye,
rév 8° eEnyetrfo, korpnaduevos tohufras.”
as tal’, “Exrwp 8° ob mu Oeas eros Hyroinoe,
810
86
SECOND BOOK OF THE ILIAD 61
ahja 8° duo" dyopyy> eri reiyea 8° docedoyro.
maca 8’ diyvuvro mihat, ex 8’ &rcuro hads,
relot 0 images te- wohds 5” dpupaydds dpdpev.
for. B€ 115 mpordpole wéMos aiméia Kohavn,
dy nediv dndvevie, repiSpouos &Oa nai Oa,
mye F to dvdpes Barieav nuchyjoxovow,
ROdvaro. BE r€ aia rohvendpOpowo Mupirns:
Oa tore Tpads re Suekper 78" erixovpor.
The Trojans and their Allies (616-877).
Tpwol per syyendveve péyas Kopubaiohos “Extap,
Ipiapidns- dua 7G ye Todd weiorot Kal dprroe
aot Poprjrcovro, wepadres eyyelpow.
Aapdaviov air’ Fpyer eds mais “Ayyicao,
Alvdas, rov ta" "Ayxioy réxe Si’ “Adpodirn,
“dys dv xvnyoioe Ged Bpor@ eiwyfeioa,
obdk olos, dua re ye Sia ‘Avrjvopos vie,
"Apxédoxds 1 "Andwas te pdyns ed cddre mdons.
of 52 Zékaav evaov tral rida veiarov “Wns,
ddvewi, mivovres Sup péhav Alorproro,
Tpdes, rav air’ Hpye Avkdovos ayhads vids,
Havbapos, 6 Kal réfov "Awé\hwv abris Caner.
of 8 Abpiorady 7’ elyov wat Siow 'Amaurod,
kat Tervcav éyov kat Typeins opos almi,
tov Bpx’ “Adpnorés re Kat “Apdios Awofeipng,
wle Ba Méporos Tlepxwoiov, ds rept mdvraw
Poee pavtorWvas, o86e ots matdas éacrKer
arelyan es wédcnov dbiorjvopa. ta bé of ot 1
mabécrOnv- xiipes yap dyar wédavos Pardroo.
of 8° dpa Uepxdtqy xal Wpdkrioy dudevépovro
kai Zyotiv Kai “ABvbov cxor wal Sia» "ApioBqy,
52
60
05
OMHPOY IAIAAO3 B
tav adé’ “Tpraxiéns Jpx' “Acws, spyapos avdpar,
“Aaws ‘Tpraxidys, dv "ApicByDev depov tra,
alBaves pweydhor, rorapod dro SeAdverros.
“InméQoos 5” dye foha Mehacyav eyxeotudpar,
tav ot Adpwayv epiBdraxa varerdacKov-
tov px’ “Inmdbods re Wvdards 1° bos “Apnos,
vie Bim AxjOoro Medacryou Tevrapidao.
abrap Optuxas Fy’ “Axdpas «al Ielpoos jpas,
Sacous “ENkijonovros dydppoos evrds eépye..
Eipnpos 8° dpyds Kixdvav Fv alypyrdon,
vids Tporlyvowo Siorpedhéos Keddao.
avrap TMupalxpys dye Malovas dyxvdoréfous
mmddtev && “ApvBavos, dx’ “A€wod ebpd péovzos,
"Abvod, ob KaANoror Bdap ereibvara alav.
Haghaydvev 5° ayyetvo Mudaipéveos Adovov Kip
ef "Everav, 6Pev qprdvaw yévos dyporepdan,
ot pa Kirwpor éxov Kat Sxjrapor dpuhertuovro
dui re UapPévov worapdy Khuda Scar” évacov,
Kpapude at? AbyoXéy: re xat tyqhads ‘Bovlrove.
airap “Aliwfavev “Obios Kal ‘Emiotpopos Fpyov
TyddOev €& “ANBns, bbw apyipou éari yevebhy.
Mucdv 5¢ Xpépis Jpye cal “Bvvopos olwvurrys.
dN’ ove olavoiow epiocara Kjpa pédaway,
dN’ Bépy dnd yepot moBcixcos AlaxiBao
de roraps, Sc-rep Tpaas wepdiLe Kat: AANovs.
Fépxvs ad Spiyas Pye wal “Aowdvos eoadis
THN e "AcKavins: pépacay 8 iopinm pdyerGar.
Myjocww ab MéoOdns re kat “Avrupos apynodabyy,
tle! Tahayibveos, rd Tuyaty réce Mary,
ot kat Myjovas Fyor txd Tdhw yeyadras.
Naorns ab Kapiv yHyjoaro BapBapoddvar,
SECOND BOOK OF THE ILIAD 53
ot Midqrov éxov Bipav 7° dpos axpurépudnov
MaidvBpou re pods Murddys 7° almewa xdpqva.
a1 rav par dp’ "Apdiuayos kal Néorns pynodony,
Ndorys *Aupiuayés re, Noulovos dyad réxva,
& xal xpuody Exav ewodeused® ley aire xovpn,
vifmos, of8d i of Sy" mipxere Auypiy ddeBpor,
GAN’ Bdun bd xepot roBdneos AlaxiSao
e158 & orang, xpuody 8° "Ayireds exdpioce Salppuv
Zaprydov 8° Fpxev Avkiav wai Thadnos duvuwr
mddbev ex Avkins, BdvOov dio Sujevros.
10
OMHPOY TATAAO® 1
Taupe § 6p dug! "EXérgs ofcer pdos driv dxolraiy,
Gamma— sua pugnat pro coniuge wteryue maritus,
“Gamma the single fight doth sing
‘Twixt Paris and tho Spartan king?
Spor. recxorxorla. Idpisos Kat Meveddow
povopaxia.
Both Armies advance.
abrap xe xéopnder du? Fyeudvecow &aot0t,
Tpies per Krayyy tr’ evor§ 1 toa dpufles ois,
wire mep KAayy)) yepdvov wéha odpavdtt mpd,
al 7 éxel oby yeudva piyor Kai dbéodbarov duBpov,
ghayiygiral ye wérovran, én’ *Oxeaveto, foden,
dvSpacor Uvypatovor povorv al xppa pépovrat-
Hepa 8° dpa rai ye Kawi epida mpodhépovrar:
of 8° dp” toav ovyp pévea vetovres 'Axarni,
SUS Pes ere a
cbr’ Gpeos Kopubyjar Noros raréxevey ducxdnv,
moyiow of 1 gikyr, mhérry 86 re yuerbs .dpeivor:
roogoy tis 7° ért Aevooe, doov 7 ért dav inow:
Sekine tacrn te (nret husks apes Oe
dpxontren thw 8" Sew, Beéepyocer xeBloval
Paris stands forth as Champion for the Trojans, but withdraws
at Sight of Menelaus.
al'8" Gre 8) ryeidy Foran ka’. ANophourw tovres,
Tpwcty piv mpopdyrler "AdéEavdpos Peo dys,
oA
THIRD BOOK OF THE ILIAD 55
mapdareqv dporw yor Kat xapmiha roga
nal Eidos, avrap Sovipe dia Kexopubudva yarnp
miédhow "Apyeiov mpoxadileru wdvras dpioravs
20 dvriBiov payéracOa ev alyf Bnorpn.
tov 8° as otv evdnoe apnidiios Mevédaos
epxdmevoy mpondpoler duihou paxpa BiSdvra,
as ze déow exdpyn peydry énl ocparr mipoas,
cipdy 4 ehadov xepady x dypiov alya,
26 wevdov- péda ydp re KarerBic, et mep dv abrov
aeiovrar taxées re Kives Oadepol 7 alfnoi-
as éxdpy Merehaos “AdeEavSpov Peoadea
opbarpotow iow pdro yap rivacba ddeirny.
airixa 8 &€ byéov ody reixerw dhro yapate.
30 tov 8° abs ody evénoev "AdEavBpos Peoedis
& rpopdxoor pavévra, Katerdiyy didov Frop,
a 5° Edpaw els vos eydlero xijp’ drecivow.
ds 8° Gre ris re Spdxovra i8dv nadivopoos daéotn
ovpeos ev Bijoons, ind re rpdpos eAdaBe yvia,
3 dy 5” dvexdpyoer, dypos TE wu de Tapads,
dy aims nal? dpchov Su Tpciay dyepdyow
Scioas “Arpéos vidy “AACEavSpos Ococdys.
Hector rebukes Paris for Cowasdice.
tov 8 “Exrup veixeooer i8dv aicypots éréerow:
“Atenapt, clbos dpurre, yuvasmaves, reporevra,
Deli Shches” GyovGe 1° Suanen’ Syapss + dwodeaae-
Raine x3! owlolune, nal: ker woh nipdeob Ror,
F otra AGB Tr guom Kal dréprov ddduv.
H mov xayyaddoxr xépn Kopdevres 'Axaroi,
ddvres dporrija wpépow tupevat, obvexa Kaddv
Me elSos Ex’, GAN’ oie corr Bin dpealy ob mig ddwy.
55
OMHPOY FAIASOR
H todade ddv ev movromépowe véerow
mévrov emmhiras, erdpous épinpas dyeipas,
pixbels dddodamotcr yuwaik’ evade’ dvijyes
€& admins yains, viv aySpav aixpntdwr,
marpi re oG@ péya THpa wOAnL re wavri re Srp,
Suoperéow pey ydppa, xarndeiny Be got aid;
obx dv 8) peiveras apnifidov Mevédaov ;
yooins x’, olov dwrds Exas Oadepiyy rapdxouw.
otk dv ror xpatopy xiBaps ta re Sap’ *Adpodims,
TE Kopn 76 re €ld0s, dr” ev Kovinar pryeins.
dAka nthe Rpdes’ Beibfpovess. F 2& xe aby
Adwoy Zrso yirdva Kade ey’, Soca copyas.”
Paris offers to mect Menelaus in Single Combat, to decide the Issue
of the War.
tov 8° atre xpoodemen 'AdéEavSpos Peoedys:
7Bcropy tel jie kat’ alrar drelkerat ofS! Sate aluey
alet ro Kpadin wéhexvs Gs dor dreipys,
85 7 dow Sra Boupds in’ dvépos, 3s pa re réyvq
vijwov dxrdurnow, opera 8° dvBpds éparr:
as cot evi arileraw drapBytos vdos éoriv-
pf po Sap’ epard mpddhepe ypueréns 'Adpodirns-
ob roe dnéBdnr’ éozt Oeaiv épxvdda Sapa,
boca nev abrol Siow, éxdv 5° otk dv tis edouro.
viv abr’, ef pw’ eOddas aoheuiler 758 pdyerOa,
@ddous pty xdficov Tpias xat wdvras "Ayatovs,
airap tu’ ev péoow nal dpniditov Merédaov
avpBader’ duh" “BAévy wal xrijpact waar pdyeoOas.
Gmmdrepos 5¢ Ke vero Kpeloowy re yéryrat,
Kripal’ Oddy eb mavra ywwaind re oikad’ dyéorBu-
of 8’ dhdor dudornra wai dpkea mora rapdvres
7%
THIRD BOOK OF THE ILIAD 57
vaiowre Tpoiny epiBdidaxa, rot Be vedoAow
"Apyos és imméBorov Kal ‘Ayari8a Kahdeydvarxa.”
Hector makes known the Proposition of Paris.
ds éhab’, "Exrop 8° abr’ éxdpy péya pidov dxotcas
kai p’ és ptooor lav Tpwwy aveepye pddayyas,
péocou Sovpds éhav rot 8° SpivOncay amavres.
t@ 8° enerofdLovra xdpn Kopdavres "Ayaroi,
lotciy re sive Guero Adeoot 7’ éBaddov.
abrap 6 parpov duce dvat avbpav "Ayapépvew~
“loryet’, "Apydiot, pi) Baddere, nodpor "Axauciv *
orebrat ydp 7 émos épéew KopuOaiohos “Exrwp.”
ds Spal’, ot 8° eryxovro payns dved re yévovro
éooupévas. “Exrop 5& per’ damorepourw decmev:
Wedwdurd per, Tpbes ral everfudes “hyasol,
pubor “ArckdvSpo.0, tod civewa vetkos Spwpev.
Ba oe ide keherail can wali conmmetd tants
reixea xdd’ drobéeba eri yBovt rovkvBoreipy,
avroy 8° dy péorow Kal dpyidutoy Mevédaoy
cious dup’ “Eddvy kal xiao. mact payeofar.
Meetatpon Of ne veniicry xpeiraue #4 yoru
arqpal Odw & wavta yuwwaikd re oixad” aydoba,
of 8” Gddoe fuddrynra nal dpxia mora rdpoper.”
Menelaus accepts the Challenge.
@s éhab", of 5° dpa wdvres axjy tyévovro ci.
roiot Se kal perdame Bory dyallds Merddaos-
“xékhure viv wal eueto- pddurra yap ddyor ixdve
Oupoy endv- bpovees be Stax piOrjperas Hon
"Apyeious Kal Tpdas, éret Kaxd wohha wéroobe
Woo elvex’ euijs épbos ral “AdedvBpov een’ dpyis.
68
10
116
120
125
OMHPOY IAIAAO3
Auto 8° Srrorépp Odvaros Kal poipa rérveras,
reOvain- Grdo Sé Siaxpw etre raxuora.
oicere 8” dpv’, erepoy heuxdv érépyy Sé pédawvav,
Yi TE Kal Hediw: Ati 8° jpets otcoper addov.
akere 82 Upiduoro Binv, obp" cpria tépvy
Parietal iil raiser aca eee iore
HH tes YrepBaciy Aids Spxca Sy Arjona.
aici 8° owhorépav avipav hpeves jepeBovrar~
BY aiionleniam i ieatagicodhallortorn
Mideaat trai Oe dpiera! es? Chigorépeedoperree®
ds Spal’, ot 8 exdpnoay "Ayawwi re Tpads re,
Ria cleeeh neh re Doro uect oh Gane
kai p’ trrovs per épvéav emi oriyas, ex 8’ (Bay adroit
reixed 7 écBiovro. Ta pév xaréBet’ éni yain
ahyoiov addijduv, dhiyn 8" Fv dudis dpovpa:
“Exrwp 82 mport dorw Sie xrjpvxas éreurer,
kaprahines apyas re pepe Tpiapdv te nadéooa,
avila ULAR oe epotel pew! ‘AeLGoer
Srigeeateysnbepde tered 8! aeg tee knice
¥
oloduevary 5 8’ dp" odk arity’ “Ayapeuvon Sig.
The View from the Walls. Helen names to Priam the Achaean
Leaders (121-244), Helen goes to the Tower by tha
Scaean Gate,
"Ips 8° ab0” "Eddy Aevnaher@ dyyedos Pber,
ohm padke, *srybopiBao Bdnopr,
thy ‘Avrnvopiins dye xpeiav “Elude,
‘AadBGcqrs Upidpote'‘Guyarpae | eBos aplrryr:
rie 8° edp? ev peydpp: a 8 pdyar fordv dhawev,
Bitraxa ropdupéyy, wodtas 8° dvéraccev déOdovs
Tpdéaw 0° inroBduew ‘ead "Ayatdiv xadxoysrdour;
saplygo 92 10M a “Pompom yy nen 24N,) ap sane mE
NOUWHOISSH “BOVIVd OMMOH
130
M5
166
THIRD BOOK OF THE ILIAD 59
ots Bev civer’ Sracxow tn’ “Apnos mahaudow.
dyxod 8° ior mpocddn rédas axa “pes
“B8eip' 1, vida didn, va Oéoneha épya Byar
Tpdw 8” immoddpwr nat "Ayudy yahxoxuravor.
ot amply ex’ dddijhouwr dépoy wolvSaxpuy “Apna
év meBiy, ddooto Arhardpevor zod€poro,
of &) viv fara ovyp, TdAcnos Be wéravras,
derriot Kerhuevor, mapa 8” eyxea paxpa wémnyev
airap "AdéEavBpos xat dpniihos Mevéhaos
paxpys eyxeinet payyoovra wept ocio-
r@ 8€ Ke mucrirayre ihn nechiiop drourts.”
ds dnodoa Sex yhuniv ipepov euBare Oupg
av8pds Te mporépovo wai doreos 75¢ toxrjuv.
avrixa 8° apyevyyoe wadvjapen 606vnow
appar’ ex Paddpow répev xara Sdepy x¢ovea,
otk of, apa tH ye Kat dpbirodor 85° Erovro,
AlOpn, Wurbijos Ouydrnp, Krupérn re Booms.
abpa 8° Greif” ixavoy 60: Seaal mika Foray,
The Old Trojan Senators on the Tower.
ot 5” dpdi Mpiapoy wat Hdvfoor 75¢ Gupoirny
Adpmov re Khuriov @” ‘Ixerdovd 2’, dlov “Apaos,
Otxaréyav re cal "Avrijvap, servupévw duran,
diato Snpoyépovres ext Seayjoe miAjow,
Prien ty frohtacie wemuyslior, dik" dyoprral
eoGrol, rerriyerow toixdres, of re Kab” Shy
Badpéy edeldpevor dra Aapieroay iow
Too dpa Tpoxov ayyijropes jer’ emt sipyw.
of 8 cis ofv efSov8’ ‘EXdomy éxi mipyov loteay,
Fa mpbs dddxAous Grea arepsert” dydpevor-
“ob véuerrs Tpdas Kai duxvijpdas "Ayatods
100
165
180
1K
OMHPOY IAIAAO3 T
rope’ dui yuwaxt wohiv xpdvov ahyea mdoxew*
alviis déavdryot eps els dima éouwev.
GAG Kal ds, roin wep odo’, ev vyval vedere,
pnd" hiv rexéeoot 1 érigow mia Maowro.”
Priam calls Helen, who names Agamemnon.
ds dp’ Shaw, Upiapos 5° “EAGny éxadéorcaro darf-
“Seipo mapa” éhfoiua, pidov réxos, Lev eueio,
Oppa iy mpdrepov te néaw mods Te dihovs re-—
od ri pot airin evo: Bcot wi por airiol cow,
of por ehdppnray wédenov wodbSaxpuy "Ayauiv-—
patie seatiets Mariord xc halnee iran
6s 715 68" dorly ‘Ayauds avip qs Te péyas Te.
Sicroi\ pilp nGibay iad juelones ahNew’ Sis,
rahov 8° otra eydw ob mw Bov dpbarpotow,
08" ovrw yepapdv: Baas. yap dvdpi oer.”
air 18N “Bhémy) prior dpatpere, (Bea: snmaaedy-
waboter meal tons aithea:deund Seabee
as Odehev Odvards por adety Kaxds, dnadre Bedpo
Eric alert vine Ockaiton earate re) Nerctae
parhagvein ie fareancnll Suntixieeloaceaie:
Aa rd of ote
oe pe Ea erases ead a ceeeintesl Fae meen aed
obrds y’ “Arpeldns eipd Kpeiow “Ayauduver,
igibre re | Besreiasteltit tall ipin seecense els erate
Seis latik dais done wamtiniSaslatewer eee
ds aro, rv 8° 6 yépov Hydooaro pavno’ Te
U ai ptnnrd Aapetien povipentinah cara
$ pd w6 ror qodhol BBurfaro Kodpor "Axardy:
aii kal! ev yeqel sani hillae etme Sarats
38a Bov whetorous ptyas dvépas, alohomdhous,
fvovro’ 73 Kal xhalovoa rérxa
190
a0
THIRD BOOK OF THE ILIAD 6)
Aaobs "Orpijos Kai MuySdvos dvriPéoro,
of pa 767’ eatpatéavto zap’ dy0as Layyapioo-
kal yap eydw erixovpos dév pera roiow ¢h¢yOnv
par. 7@ Gre 7 AAVow “Apaldves dvridvepare
GAN b8" of tooo Hoar, door edixwmes "Axasol.”
Priam asks about Odysevus,
Sedrepoy abr’ 'OSveja iSdy epée’ 5 yepads:
“ela” dye jot wat révde, ditdov rékos, ds rus 58" early,
pelow pev Kepary "Ayapeuvovos “Arpetdao,
eiptrepos 8” dpovrw 182 orépvocw iSéotar.
retyea pev of neirar emt yMovi movdvBoreipy,
atrés 8é Krikos as émmwdeira oriyas dvbpov:
dpvap (os aye re dioxw myyeaspadhey,
bs 7 biaw péya mow Siepyerar apyevvdew.”
tov 8 selBer’ ere” “Edm, Atds eeyeyavia~
“otros 8° ab Aaepriddys, modspnres "Odurceis,
Ss rpddm ev Sijpm “WOdnns Kpavans mep eovons,
bcs mavrotovs re Sddovg wal pxfSea truxvd.”
Axntonor tells his Recollections of Odysseus.
SSE See ee oe,
“@ yivas, i pdda otro tros wnpeprés eeumes-
Hon yap Kat Seipé nor’ ydvbe dios ‘OSveceis,
rede, dpyehigs, ci donidth Mevthdg-
rods 8° dye efeimaroa nat év peydpour didryoa,
Sa airdonin ds ieionin Getro: ical aides ac.
Sead 89 odes 2 dypoiibinirer, dune
ordvrey per Mevédaos retpexer ebipéas dpous,
Gude 5° Lopera, yepapsrepos Far ‘Odvoceis.
GAN’ Gre 8} pious Kal prea waow vdarvor,
62
215
290
230
236
OMHPOY IAtAAOR TP
F to. yey Mevéhaos emitpoyddqy dydpever,
maipa pdr, Ga pda Auyéws, ert od rodrvuvbos,
008" dhapaproenps, et Kal yéver vorrepos Fer.
adN’ Gre 8) wohtpnns dvattaey ‘Odveceis,
ordoxe, imal 8€ Berne kara \Oovds Supara mjtas
oxintpor 8° ovr’ dricw ovre mporpyres evapa,
GAN doreudes exerxer, aiSpet part eorxdis-
gains xe Cdxordv ré mw’ eupevar ddbpovd 1’ adres.
GAN Gre Bi) Ora te peyddny &k ar7jbeos en
Kal érea vibdderow éoKxora Yeipepipow,
otk dv érer’ "OSvoni y’ épioee Bpords ahdos~
ob zére ¥ 33’ “OSvarjos dyaradpel” elBos iSdvzes."
Helen names Ajax and Idomeneus.
70 rpirov abr’ Alavra iddw épéav™ do yepards:
“ris 7’ dp’ 08° ddNos “Ayatds dvijp qs Te weyas re
&oxos “Apyeiov xepadyv re Kal edpéas wpous ;”
tov 8° ‘EAévy tarmbremhos dpeiBero, Sia yuvarxdv~
“otros 8° Atas earl mehcipios, Spxos “Axauav.
‘IBopercis 8° erépatls bt Kpzrerm Gods Se
BOSE Ties eee ae
Ssh ant iiis Yceausuest pnipoas | Menehass
nde ghee Ditec Gap ieaneres Reairca pew Teer
i pgp Sich Nenss oo reads Cpe \eNtnwara® 2Asceun ie
obs Kev eb yrotny Kal 1 odvopa puOneratyny:
Sod 3° ob Sivapar (dew Kocprjrope Kady,
Radovopa 6) itwasbajiorieal we dda Tioketecwens
abrokaciynjtw, Té por pia yelvaro pyTnp-
Fivty: tawteye NaxeBaiioves UE \eparavas,
“h Babico. pay "axbwri beute | toe mioerombpmbriay
20 abt obe 20 Eowyn» ‘iecraSihienea doBpsey
250
THIRD BOOK OF ‘THE ILIAD _ 68
aleryea Badidres nal dveldea wd’, & por err.”
ds daro, rods 8’ 8 Kareyer puoiloos ala
& Naxedaipor abl, pidy ev rarpid. yaly.
Preparations for the Truce. Priam is summoned.
rijpuxes 5° ava dory Gey hépor Spee mara,
dpve Siw Kai olvov éibpora, xapmdy dpotpys,
Bex te cakyeles- dpe. 60 Inparipas dasese
Apel “Tole 48 ypécan xieeha-
Grpwey 8€ yéporta mapuordpevos éréerow:
TE aS IO RAE satire
TpbaaiO tersctdiies ical, “kyoille gahcoyeinae
és mediov karaByva, i” Spria mora répnre.
airap ’AdéEavSpos Kal dpniidos Mevéhaos
paxpys eyxetpoe payyjoour’ dud yuvatt>
MaIEE pa bscavrwer eka aot
ELM) Nok duhorites mall doxasmenne scioae
paleipes tT pobys epi Behaka, el Ba rekowr as
"Apyos és immdBorov nai “Ayaida kadhvyivatca.”
Priam descends to the Field of Action.
Be dees: Bona 88 pun, dethcvoe 8° Srulpors
twmous Cevyripevar- tot 8° drpadéas ériPovro.
eae aBh Uiplanos, kindy® ajola vetoes fataas
apis ol “Avrivop, atpixcd dex Prferero Sibpov.
rd 82 Ba Seaudiv wediovd exo axcas immovs.
BE sre Bide txowris psd plas xed SAgasars,
Elfarew. droBévres ent yOéva. couhyBérapas
és péocov Tpdwy Kar “Ayadiv éoriydarro.
Gpevro 8’ abrix’ grata dvak dvbpdv ‘Ayauepvaw.
dy 8 'O8uceds rodipnts: drap «jpuxes dyavoi
270
275
230
200
OMHPOY IAIAAOS
bpria mora Bedv rivayor, kpnriipt 5 olvov
Miryov, drap Bacihedow USwp eri yeipas exevay.
‘The Sacrifice and the Prayer.
"Arpetlins 8& epvorapevos xeiperot paxarpay,
7 ot map €ibeos peya xovdedy aldv dupro,
dpvéw ek xedaréwv tduve rpiyas: abrap érera
kijpuxes Tpdav Kal "Ayardv veiwav dpioros.
toiow 8° "AxpetSns peydd’ evyero, xeipas dvacxaw-
Kec ordreals “189 0in'|clidin, nDBierze|penurre
pers 0, ds mavr” ebopas Kat mdvr” exaxoves,
Kat morapol Kat yaia, Kat of drévepfe Kapdvras
dvOpdnrous rivvrfov, Gris x’ eniopKov dpdooy,
tuts pdprupo éore, duddowere 8” Spria mord.
el pa Kee Meéhaov “AdeLavdpos Kararéhvy,
Baie) dor dorye yer eal. farina:
jpes 8 &y wijeror vedpela rovromépoow-
cle rus Suom every) tasboe Mt hacy,
Ruuy excl SNe kal Tatifuen ducers dates
ripjy 8° "Apyelos drorwewen, sy rw? Comer,
adi nell Grulecaeal pnt dvtlolbatert wéharae
ci 8 dv epot tity Upiapos Mpidpoud re aides
tivay otk ێhoow "AhefdvSpoo reodvtos,
airap ey wal erara payjoopat civexa rows
ERE eauertae lero Re eNGe ath Les en ot
Sil ecat tenth oreiratcarterwan iraiete ne creak
Pakizsiey fastnae Dynex Bit! Loic Aawdlncriee
Dixsod Sercploous'\ dards aap pevos Dero jralkiede
clvow' 8% de kpyrhpobidducctuorn Berdeoow
Ecyear fA vedovro | Becbe alevyentegats.
G8e Bé ris efmerxey "Aya re Tpdaw re
0
316
THIRD BOOK OF THE ILIAD 65
“Ze xbdiore peyurre, wal dOdvarce Pet dddor,
Grndrepo mpdrepor imép épria mpprjveav,
GSE od’ eyxébaros yapdiis peor as dd olvos,
airav nal rexéaw, droyor 5° dddoww Sapeier.”
ds &pav, ob35’ dpa ad atv érexpaiawe Kpaviav.
Priam returns to the City.
roi. 8 Aapdavidys Mplapos perd pifov eevrev-
“éhuré pev, Teds xat évavyipides “Axaroi>
F row éyav Aye mport “ov yvendeocay
ay, drei od mw thijcop’ dv dpParporow dpacba
papydpevov hidov vibv dpnupihy Mevedde-
Zebs pév tov 76 ye olde Kat dPdvaror Heol dddox,
érnorépy Oavdroo réhos wempupévoy éoviv.”
9 fa ai és Bihpov dpvas Aéro lodBeos duis,
dv 8° dp’ (Baw abrds, xara 8° via reiver drloow-
wap 5€é of "Avrijvop mepixaddéa Biaero Sidbpoy.
Preparations for the Single Combat.
10 pay dp" doppor tpori “Lov dovéorro-
“Exrop S& UWpidpoo mats wai Bios ‘Odvoceds
XGpov piv mparov Siepérpeov, atrap Erara
KAnjpous év Kvvéy xadanpce zaéddov éAdvres,
idxmiirepog (2). wpictler ddeln acthneow: Syyo
aot 8” sprravro Ocois i3e yeipas dvdryov-
Bbc be ms cimconey “Ayaiay re Tpaww re
“Zed mérep, “Inder pedéar, xidore pépore,
Gmndrepos rdie gpya per’ dudorépacw exer,
Tov Bis drod@ipevov Bivar Sépov “Ai8os «iow,
tyiy 8° ab didérnra xal dpxa mora yertofa.”
Be tighi Shay, afihes |82atyas- xopialahocBarwep
66
826
OMHPOY IAIAaOS T
4b dpdav> Udpros 82 Pods éx KAjpos Gpovcey.
ol pev gral? iLovro xara arias, Hy: éxdotov
Trot depoimodes wal motha redye exero*
abrap 6 y' apd’ duoow eicero revyea Kaha
Stos “AdeEavSpos, “EAeens mécus auxdpoco.
xumpidas perv mpira wepl eeyjunow elnxer,
Kahds, dpyuptoow emopupios dpapvias-
Sevrepor ab Odpyxa wept orpPecow Suvev
olo Kaovyvyjrowo Avxdovos, appoce 8’ aig.
ayudt 8° dp’ dpoow Badrero Eihos dpyupsnhor,
XaAKcor, airap érera rdKos péya te oTiBapdv re
parki®ka! (BOliap \eitye ehrvnrow (Base,
trrovpur: Sewdv 58 dédos Kabireplev evever.
cihero 8° ddxiwor Eyyos, § of maddpndiy dpypar.
ds 5° avras Mevéhaos cpyios ere’ ESuvev.
‘The Combatants mect and strike.
ot 8° eel obv éxdrepfey dpihov OapryxOnoar,
es péooov Toda xa "Ayaudu eoreydovro
Sewdv Sepxoperr> Ody Bos 8° exer eicropdawras
Tpads 6" imzoddpovs Kat éuxrmpdas “Axauods.
eld Si erie rnitrira Sleiiaranr ch rakes
odor’ tyyelas, aNIsfAoow Koréovre.
apoabe 8° "AdeEavdpos mpoter Sodixderxow éyxos,
pani else Ar pea ‘nua Goutea wists i kira
#8": Sopnter: yaduss, dveyrtuiply, SF ol clypi
darwlke b> nparepq. & 88 Dairepos Sprvralpakep
*Arpeldns MevéAaos, éwevEduevos Al warpi-
4 7c doc, Bix lea Gar 3 pia -mpOrepoe kha copra
Stop "ANEavdpor, Kat eugs brd yepot Samira,
Shpa tis épptyyor wal dywydver avOpciraw
‘300
370
375
ss
THIRD BOOK OF THE ILIAD 687
Eavoddmov Kaxd peta, 6 nev diddrnta rapdoyy.”
4 pa wat dpreratdv wpote Sodiydaniav eyxos,
kal Bde MpiapylSa0 Kar’ dewi8a advroa’ eéany.
Bia per doniBos i\Oe dacwas SBpimov eyxos,
kat Sid Odipyxos wodvdaSdhou qpipecro-
dumixpis 52 rapal haxdpny Sidunoe yirava
Gos 6 8° ekhivOn Kal ddevaro Kipa pédraway.
"Arpeldns 8¢ dpuradpuevos fidhos dpyupénhov
adijfer dvaoydpevos xépu0os dhov- dust 8" dp’ abrg
tprxOa re Kai rerpayba Siarpudév temece yerpds.
"Arpelins 8° Gpate dv ds otpaviy eipiv-
“Zed adrep, ob mg aeio Peay dhodrepos dddos~
$v ebduny rioaoba *AdarBpov kaxérqros:
viv 5é por ev xeiperow ayn Eihos, &k bE por eyxos
WXIn warden erdcvov, odd Sduacoa.”
F xat eratgas xdputlos AdBew inmodacetns,
Ore 8° emarrpapas per’ everrjpabas “Axasovs-
dyxe 5€ piv modvxerros ids dradiy bd Seprr,
Ss of bm’ duflepetivos dyes réraro Tpudahelns.
Aphrodite saves Paris, carries him to his Home, and summons Helen,
cai vi rev cipvoods re Kal dormerov yparo Kbdos,
pd Sp’ afd végore Aide Ouydrnp "Adpo8lry,
fof pnker ipdvra Bods Td xrapévroo-
xavi) 8¢ tpubddaa du” krmero Xept waxely.
Tip wey éxad” sjpws per’ tuxrijpdas "Axacods
pap’ emBurjoas, xépiray 8° epinpes eraipor-
aitap 6 di) énépowwe KaraxTdpevar peveaivo
Syxet xadnele. riv 8° ebijpwak? "Adpodiry
pela par’ ds re Beds, exchupe 8° dp’ Hep woddy,
nad &" clo’ dv Bardney dvddei xydevre.
3896
400
410
OMHPOY IAIASOS
airy 8° ai@’ “ENG Kadéovo’ te. tiv 82 Kiyaver
aipyy eh’ imd@, mepi BE Tpwai dis Hoar.
xetpt 5¢ vexrapéov éavod erivage haBodca,
yoni 5€ pw dixvia wararyeréi mpocéamen,
eipondpe, 7 of Aaxedaipove varerodoy
joe eipa nadd, padiota 8é pw prréerxen:
Th pi eeurapem mpocepivee 8’ ‘Adpodirn:
“Seip 1", “AdeLavEpos ve Karel oixdvbe véerFat.
keivos 6 y' ev Oaddum cai Swuroier hexerow,
xddref re otihBow wal efpaow> ob8€ xe gains
Sap pavgo tier cieiy Oba daNoryopdese
ea cA pk spota meas Wityunri kal Rew
Helen charges Aphrodite with Deception and Wrong.
ds faro, rp 8 dpa Oupiv at orjberow opwe-
Rabe N eset ofactdinsyrral Ocak wr ecexelcel Bea
arfbetib” | iuenderal kal: Sukace papyalpoore,
OapBnoév x ap’ érera, eos + char’ & 7° dvdpater:
Usetiet ect ak vat rm thdkntenn Sr eepontsens
4 my me zporépw wodiow & varopendwn
agus 7 Dpvyins 7} Myovins ¢paraxfs,
hire rob wed RGOL thas pentows delete
otveca 5} viv Stov "Adefavdpov Mevéhaos
vuanoas eOéde orvyepiy eye oixad’ dyerBac
rouvexa 81) viv Seipo Sohoppovéoura mapéorys;
foo sap’ abrdy lotoa, Oey 5’ drdexe xeheifou,
pnd” et coi réderow broorpépeas “Odvutor,
ANN hadd est inetvow, Siva deal dip ilacre,
ds 6 xé o° H dhoyov woujoera 4 3 ye Sotdnv.
netoe 5° eydw od elt, veperonroy 8¢ Kew ety,
Kebou. wopewibuera Nios. Tptabi BE) ps” detrarve
46
420
430
THIRD BOOK OF THE ILIAD 69
mara pepryoorra, Ea 8° dye dxpira Oypo.
rie 8e xokacapérm mpocepdvee St’ “Adpodirn~
“ui pw’ epebe, ryerhin, wr) xworapery oe peein,
Tas 8€¢ o° dmexPrjpw as viv éemayra dihyoa,
péoow 3° dudorépow pnricoma ExBea Avypa,
Tpduv xai Aavady, ob S€ nev Kandy olrov GAyat.”
Helen follows Aphrodite to her Home,
ois Shar’, Eeurey 5° “Eddy, Awds exyeyavia,
ie See
oryy, Taras 88 Tpwas Adda Fpye 8 Saipew.
ai 3° Gr’ "Ade£dv8por0 Sépor mepexadde” ixovro,
dudirodn pev érara bows eri epya tpdrovro,
HB" els iiiopodow Odrapov xie Bia yuvarkdv.
ry 8° dpa Sippor Adodora diroppadis “Adpodiry
dvri’ “AdefdvSpowo Ged xardyxe bépovera~
eva abil’ “Edd, Kovpy Ards alydxo.o,
Gove mak» KAivaca, toow 8° Hwirawe pide:
“prubes ex rohquou- as abeches abrol’ dkerfar,
dvdpt Sapeis xparepo, ds ehds mpdrepos moors jev-
Pel aise eeatwh.yfitetiye id pnegthaw Md exekdou
op te Bin Kai xepoi Kat eyxed déprepos cla
NX' S00 'vavapoxdhecoc: dpybpdov Modhaov
aors payerarGar evavriov.. dnd o aye ye
Reh Pall choad: pdt tata sMowndy
Peete coi hehiav-aroheuibeie 82) deo
BipcBées, poh mas dy? tx" abred Soupl Sapafpe.”
IRB Tdps. jiOovoww dues Bénevos xporéamer-
Wah pe, var, xaderoiow dvelBerr Bip. evumre.
Temi gas pap Meawhany dvinncevierw “Athy,
iiioy 8 akns ec- wapa yap Geol dor Kad jury.
70
445,
450
455
400
OMHPOY IATAAOR T
@N dye Si) giddryr rpanciomer eivyPerre-
od ydp ma wore p’ SBE y' Epos dpéras dpdend duper,
008" ore we aparovy Aaxedainovos é& eparanas
Emheov dprdas &v movromépact veerow,
ihors Bey) Kpardy éabyay dudbrqr nud atop,
lines sereiaiinc katie pices taesor eee
H pa wat dpye Aéyoode Keciv: aya 8” elwer” aeouris. *
‘Menelaus searches in Vain for Paris. Agamemnon claims the Victory
and demands the Fulfillment of the Treaty.
13 piv dp' & rpqroion xarevacder heyderow,
*Arpetins 8° dy? Sudov epoira Onpd ours,
set wu) ral erase tk Nets cel Ogee
aX’ od tis SivaTo Tpdww Krarav t° emxovpor
Secean PA aeeS pie Forth apt Aas MacNee
ob pv yap iddract 7 exetbavov, ef xis) Boero
Toor ydp ow wacw dafybero xnpt pedatvg.
PIREAIEe Kes dieresiaten "scat aso pe ApiRGleaes
Deahiok flety ipsiest nal Ac panca ofS detonapeas
So SE GES Te eae
Daa pyar EME ye kat wpnah cae atch
ES Se ee,
Fre xal droopdou per dePodmoor wéheran.”
ds &par’ "Arpelins, ent 8” qveov dddor *Ayatol.
OMHPOYT IATAAOY A
Mdra Oey dyoph, Spxuw xbou, “Apeos dpyf.
Delia Down fora, lacea fides, primontia yuyua.
*in Delta je the God's assize ;
‘The trace {4 broke; wars dreslly rise.*
opkiov siyxvors. “Ayapepvovos émemodnacs.
Breach of the Truce (1-219). Assembly of the Gods. Veration
of Hera and Athena.
of $2 Peot wip Zvi Kabsjperor jyopsaxro
xpvody é» Sarédu, perd 8€ ofurr xérma “HB
véxrap égvoxde- rol 8 ypuodos Berderow
Sadéxar’ GAdjAous, Tpdiwy aékw elropdavres.
aire’ eweipiro Kpovline épeOitéuer “Hpnv
eproulas eréerot, rapaBdydny d&yopeiav-
"Boat pey Merehdw dpyydves dot Decor,
Siig zh “Apyely wal "AXahwopevale. "Arq.
OWN F tou ral woerde Kabyjperar doropdaoat
répreabov: 1G 5° abre piroppadds 'Adpodirm
aie rappéuPhuxe cai atrod xijpas duives,
nat viv eferdwre didpevov Pavéerfas,
GNF rou wien pév dpnupidov Mavehdov-
auets 82 dpalapel”, dras dara réde épya,
Fp abrs cdhendy re Kandy wal dvhomw aly
Sprowe, F dihdrqra per’ apdhorépours Badouer.
8 ab mas rdde race didov Kal 7d0 yerorro,
F 701 ev olkéorro wéhes Tpudpowo dvaxros,
7
85
0
46
OMHPOY TAIAAOE A
abris 8° ‘Apyetnv “Eévnv Mevedaos dyorro.”
as &al’, ai 5° éréuvEav ‘APnvain re Kai “Hpn-
mrnciag al y¥ HoOnv, Kaxd 82 Tpdecor pedérOny.
FF ical “AB vain Diobaw fo. wASE: av leven;
oxvlopévy Adi marpi, xodos 8€ pw dypios jpew-
“Hpy 8° ovx exade orfios xddov, dda mpoonida:
“aivorare Kpovidn, woiov tov pifov dees.
was eBéres ahov Belvar mévov 95° dréheorov,
pd 0, dv Bpara poy, xapérny BE pow Crm
hady dyepovoy, Tpiduw cand roid te maciv.
&p5°- drdp ob ro. mdvres erawvéopev Oeol addor.”
Zeus rebukes Hera’s Implacable Hatred for Troy.
rhe 82 dy’ bxSxoas mpook by vebehnyeptra Zebs
“Sapovin, ro wi oe Tpiapos Updo re matdes
réogoa Kara pelovow, 6 7 domepyes jreveaivers
"Thuov e€ahand£as, euxrivevov wrodief pov ;
ei 82 ot y' civedPodoa mbhas Kal refyen paxpa
SaaeliPeBpalacs Tntayas Al pisos (vet mtsoae
Ghdous Te Temas, rére xev xdhov é€axéraio.
Slow, Snax Cede: pty roird ye veixoe dmicow
gol nal dubt péy? Eaicua per’ dudorépoy poyran
Rial Be roel suGie OMAN part Balbo raaie”
Pewriratces nulievel payiccie nikotara ew tras
rv Bed, Be ror Gidoe dvépes eyyeydamy,
uy te SarplBay roy opie xSdov, add ip’ doar
edt yabhay Sout Renal tec dlaterirellese:
at yap in Hediw re nal ovpavd dorepdeme
vaterdoues médnes emxboviay avOpdrav,
rdew poe nepi Kijpe teéaKero “Ihuos ipi
kal pianos xal habs évppedts Mprdjouo~
76
FOURTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD 13
od ydp pot wore Boyds eeiero Sacrds dtorns,
AoBijs re xvioys re 7d yap Adyower yépas sets.”
row 5° ypeiBer’ Erara Booms mérma “Hpy-
“q row euol rpeis pev word didrarad dor édnes,
“Apyos te Sndpry te Kal expvdywa Muxyrn-
ras Svarépoa, dr’ av to. dréyOwrrar mept Kijpi-
rdew ob to eyd xpda8’ forapar odd? peyaipa.
[el wep yap ovéw re Kal ode «la Biaréporas,
ot dvi Plovdova", drei F word héprepds éoor.]
ahha xpi) Kat eudv Pduevar mévov om aréhecrov:
kal yap eyd Beds elas, pévos 8€ ror Erber, SAev coi,
wai pe mpexBurdrny rékero Kpdvos dyxvdourrns,
dpbdrepor, yevej te Kal ovvera oi) apdnomns
xécAnpat, od 82 wae per’ davdrouw duderces.
GAN F roe pev tav0” droeiFouer dddzjhowrw,
Geeks pdoictins 18" duck» dab. BP Siovrad Beck eNoy
addvaror. oD 8& Bacoov "APyvain émrethar
ey és Tpduv wal 'Ayady didtomp alwjv,
mapav 5’, ds ne Tpies dwepeidavras 'Axaods
apace mpérepor tmép spxia SydyjoacBa.”
Athena is sont to the Plain of Troy to effoct « Breach of the Truce,
Melehas’, otd Sauipe: swarlip aeSper re Cele ae:
airld "A@nvalqy rea areptevra xpooryiSa
“abba pad’ és orparby Ade pera Tpaas Kai “Ayarovs,
mepav 5, ds xe Tpiies: trepxvSavras “Axatobs
Spoor apbrepos tip Spria Bydsjraabas.”
@s ezdy arpwve wdpos pepaviay "APHrny,
BH B82 Kar’ OdAvproo Kapywov ditacra.
ReIAS srdna. Ske Kefuon. whic) dyeenhopsfcein,
H vavrno. répas He orpard edpd adv,
“
OMHPOY IAIASOS A
hapmpdv: rod B€ re woddot awd omwbijpes tevrase
ro duxvi” Hufev eri xPova Maddds "APj vn,
xG8 8° Gop’ és péooov- PdpBos 8 éxev eloopdwvras
Tpads 0" immoBdpous Kat euxvypudas 'Axacols:
Bbc 8é rus elmeoner tSdv és wAnoiov aAdov-
“Dp atns modes re Kaxds Kai pvAoms abv)
fcoeras, # qphéryra per” dyqordpo ribyow
Zeis, 5 7’ avOpmmav raping moheuowo Térverat.”
Athena persuades Pandarus to wound Menelaus.
ds dpa ms elwerxer "Axartiv te Tpawy te.
4 8 avSpi inédn Tpdav xarcSiccb” spcdrov,
Aaodécm "Avrqvopidy, Kpatep@ alyynrh,
HWévBapov durlBeov Slnuevn, €f wou eperipor.
eBpe Avedovos viby dudpord re Kparepév re
éoredir’ api 5€ pu nparepat orixes domuordor
Nabe; ieliof Grovre da’ Alevfrosw Sodas.
dyxod § iorapern érea wrepdevra mpoonisa*
“F pa vi pot t wiBowo, Auxdovos vie Satppov;
thatys Kev Mevehdw énumpodpev taxdv tdv,
wat 5é Ke Tpwiero. ydpw cal KiBos dporo,
éx mévrow 8& pddiora “AdetdvSpw Bacrdju.
Tod xev $i) méyxpwra wap’ dyad Sapa dépoo,
al ev Bp Mevédaov apriov *Arpéos vidv
o@ Bédet SynPévra mupis émBavz’ ddreyavhs.
GAN’ dy’ dicrevcov MeveAdov Kudadij.o.0,
eiyeo 8 *ArdNion humpyerds whuraréip
Gprav mpuroydvor pétay Khecrhy txarduBny
oixade vorricas tepis els dary Zeheins.”
0
115
FOURTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD 76
Pandarus shoots an Arrow at Menelaus.
ds dar’ "APnvatn, ro 8 dpevas adpom weber -
cir’ tovhs vitor téGocw. Wedhov abyie
dypiov, dv pd mor’ abris ind arépvoe tuxioas
mézpns txBalvovra, ScScypévos év mpodoxjow,
BeBdrjxer pds orpbos: 6 8° Sars gewece mérpy.
Sadia de cela et enattan sare temitea ee
kal ra pév doxjoas xepaokdos jpape rékTaw,
wav 3° & heujvas xpurény éréOyxe nopdvny.
idee! Seen serra eer se
dyxhvas: mpdober 8€ adxea oxebov érfdol ératpor,
4) mpiv dvatEaay apy vies "Axawr,
apw Bdjoba Mevéaov apijiov *Arpéos uldv.
Girip 3 cthalwtia paperpys: eerBupher ie
GPdira wrepdevra, peravéwy ep’ ddvrawv-
alba 3° én veopp narendopee mxpiv dior,
eixero 8’ "Ardkdowe Lumpyerds «hvtordéy
dpvav mparoydvur pus where éxarouBny
oiwade vorrigas lepijs eis doru Bedeins.
fhee 5° Spot yAubidas re Lady nal vedpa Adea
veupyy perv palG réracer, r6£y 8é aiSypor.
airap émei 5%) xucdorepes wéya réfov craver,
Néybe Bids, vevpiy 82 péy’ layer, ddro 8" durrds
bévBedyjs, Kal’ Sprrov emaréaBar peveatvon.
Menelaus is wounded.
obSe ofr, Mevédac, Deol pdkapes KeAdBovro
dvaror, wpuiry S¢ Aws Ovyarnp dyshein,
% rx mpdobe oraca Béhos eyerevxés duwvev.
DEBS wierebe pity, Gepyen) Gabinete, che Gre: sabre
76
135
M0
145
186
OMHPOY IAIAAOS &
mados eepyn priav, 6” 75d AéLerar dnve-
air) 8° abr’ uvev, 66 Lworipos dyjes
xpriowon aivexov Kat Biahios Herero Debpné.
ey 8” &rece Cworipe apypdr mupds duds:
Bia pev dp Cucripos édijhato Babahdovo,
wat Sia Bapneos mohvdadarov jpypacto
pitpns 6, iv ebdpew Epupa xpods, epxos axdvrwy,
7 of mhetorov épuro: Siarpd 52 eicaro Kai ris
dxporarov 8° dp’ duards éxéypaje xpéa bards”
avria 5° Pree alpa nedawepes €& dreads.
ds BY dre ris 7? eNdpavra yur) dhotns poy
Mypvis We Kdewpa, wapyiov euperar immo
xeirax 8° dv Oaddpa, rodees ré pv Wpycarro
immjes bopéew, Baorhye 8é Ketrar dyakua,
dyuddrepov, xdepos & immw eharhpl re Kidos-
Totot Tou Mevéhac, pudvOny aipare pypot
eidudes xvfjpat re 152 odupd nad’ dnevepDev.
Agamemnon grieves for the Hurt of his Brother.
plynre 8 dp’ crarva dvat avipav ‘Ayapeuvar,
We. Ber elas, alia wanepeeonee ioredae:
piynoev 88 Kai aris dpnidihos Mevédaos.
ds Be Wer veipdy re at dynos ecris edvras,
diboppiv ot Oupds vl orifecow ayépln.
Tore OF Raph orod yan | jeréhny xpelan “Apepdinant,
Xopds Exur Mevdlacy: Emeoreréyovro 8° eraipas-
Iga carbene! Boose BY. vous Beas arom,
olov spooryjaas mpd “Ayadv Tpaat padyerBar
ds o Barov Thies, kara 8" dpxia mora rérmoav.
ob pe mus dhov wéha dpkiov alud re dpyav
mov Bal iat sepryroa! wad Gebiahy ieee eb ha
170
176
FOURTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD 7
mep yap re xat airix’ "Ohvpmos oie éréheccer,
te a kat dpe zedel, ov re peydho dnéruray,
oy odjow Kedadfjor yurati re Kal rexderoi.
yap éyd rdde ol8a xara ppdva wal xara Oupdv-
frceras Jpap, Gr’ dv mor’ ddeihy “Theos ipty
wai pianos Kat Aads evupedio Tprdpovo,
Zeds 5€ adn Kpovidns ipilvyos, alfépe vaiwr,
atris émovetnow épepviy aiyida meow
riod’ dadrns xoréwy. 7a pev docera ove aréheora*
Gddd por aivov dyos adder drrera, db Mevéhac,
ai xe Odvps Kal rérpov dvawhiyoys Pidro.o.
kal kev 2éyx.oTos mohvdinor “Apyos Lkotny-
aitixa yap pvijcovra “Ayal tarpidos ains-
Kad 8é Kev edywAiy Mpidum cal Tpwot droyper
"Apyelqy “Edémp- oéo 8” daréa mice dpovpa
Kepévov ev Tpoly dredeunjrw emi épyw.
nal Ké 1s 8" dpéea Tpdow tmepnvopedvran,
ripBo emOpdaxay Mevehdov xvdahipow
‘atl obras éxt waot yodov Tedéca’ “Ayapeuror,
as Kal viv adov otparov iyayer vOd5" "Ayady,
Kat 8) €Bn olxdvde Gta ec marpiSa yatay
oi Kevqow vqvot, Lindy dyabow Mev aov.’
Gs more rus tpéer: rére wor yavor edpela xOdiv.”
‘The Wound is not Fatal. The Surgeon Machaon comes.
tov 8° émBapoivaw mpooddm favbds Mevédaos+
“Bapoe., pndé timw Sedicveo adv "Aya,
lie ey’ wasplp 869 ard'yn Bédos, ANNA dpb
elptoaro fooryp re mavaichos 75° imévepBev
Copa re Kat pirpy, rv xadnies Kdpor avBpes.”
Pee Uko Hd Bbieros wporkhy kpelow! “Ayaphuves>
78
195
210
216
OMHPOY IAIAAOS &
“at yap 3% olrws «i, didos d Mevédae:
eos 8” inrip émpdocera 95° emibyjoe
PERS TD ipserieats SG is oes RG rth
H kai TadOsProv Oeiow xypuca rpoontda:
“TahOiBe’, srr. rdyucra Maxdova Seipo xddercov,
$oP Ace Nanie0 visv dgSpovts Inrfipos,
bdpa By Mevéhaov apy *Arpéos vidv,
dv m5 durreioas Barer rotor ed elddis,
Tpcwy i Aveiov, T@ pey whéos, dupe 8é mévfos.”
ds har’, ob5" dpa of xjpué dnibyow dxoicas,
BAS lam Kard Aady “Ayaty yadxoyirdvoy
ranraivey jpwa Maxdova, tiv 8¢ vénre
Rarities) cA BE pass eparepal, eects, dermursitioe
Rady, of of Erovro Tpixns é& irnoBdrowo.
dyxov 5° iorduevos érea mrepsevra mpoonvda:
“Gpo", "AoKAnmddy, nahée xpeiov “Ayapeurov,
éhpa By Mevéhaov dpryiov dpydv ‘Ayasiy,
oy m5 duoreioas Baler rokwv & eidds,
Tpdaw % Avxiav, rH wey xhéos, duu 8¢ méeios.”
Gs ddro, 7 8’ dpa Ovpdy evi orfbeoow dpwer-
Bay 8° lévan xa’ ducdov ava orparby elpdv “Ayxady.
GN’ Gre 5% pf! ixavov, Ge Faris Mevédaos
Bhsjuevos Fu, wept 8° andy. dymyépab’, Sours épirros,
xukdéo", 6 8° & péroow mapicraro lodbeos puis,
atrixa 8° ex Lworipos dpnpdros fAkey duordy-
vob |B" dEthxopdeoio, anf haw diye Gtag 'Cynats
Mae 8 of Caoripa savatohon 48" drévep
Lopd re ali pérpyy, rv yadkijes Kapor dvdpes.
aimip éxe (Bar dhxos, 36" quatre mxphs durrbs,
lat 2eecreweleetd spioreiiatiottaelteae
adooe, Ta OF Tore Tarpl pila dpovewr mope Xeipaw.
FOURTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD 79
‘The Battle begins again. Agamemnon roviews his Forces and
orders an Advance (220-421),
Ghipa tol dj tvovro Boy dyaliv Mevéhaov,
rodpa 5° éxt Tpdwy oriyes HrvPov domarrdav-
ot 8 atzs Kara tale Suv, prijravro 8% xdpuys.
&" ote dv Bpilovra Bas "Ayapduvova Siow
O82 Katantdccovr’ ob8' obx eédovra pdxeo Pas,
GAG pha omeisovra pany és xvbidvepav.
trmous pev yap dace nai appara wouriha xahx@-
kal rods ev Oepdrov dmdverd’ exe duowevras
EipypéSar vids Urodenaiov Mepatdao,
T@ pada wOAN’ éwéreAhe wapryeuer, Ganére Ker pew
yria Ad By Kdyaros modéas id Korpavéovra:
airap 6 melds ddw emerwAelro oriyas dvopar.
kal f° ovs piv oreiSorras Bo Aavatv raxvmdhow,
Tovs pda Gapmiverxe wapiordpevos eréerow*
4 Apysioy, psf we ne peBlere BovpBoc dheis-
ob yap émi Werder. marnp Leds eooer’ dpwyds,
GAN of wep npdrepor imep dpxia Sndijcarro,
Peer iapilatran intpeon Wsiainjexrst teen ail
a esrate Aisyous.celifthas| kul afaie’ Geom
Bea eal ey fecrcriny tare) scrahied pow dcopicas
OSs niat af pedidrras [Boe orvyepad wohduoio,
fos ithe. vaxclerxe yoherciow enterow
“"Apyetor idpapor, eheyyées, ov vu o¢Becbe;
nipPlotrac Grate reDyrérec: sire. refipol
air’ éret ob» éxapov woddos weSino Odowra,
fora’, ov5" dpa ris ode pera ppcot ylyrerar ddr:
Meldhate Sirqra, rebyrérer. oft. ndxectec
pdvere Trdas oyeddv edOcuer, evBa re vies
80
205
270
OMHPOY IAIASOX a
pias’ cirpypvoe rohis ext Iwi Oardoons,
Sbpa tyr’, al K” dppur veéprxy xelpa Kpoviay;”
Agamemnon praises Idomeneus and the Cretans.
ds 6 ye Kowpavéww éxerwdciro otixas dvSpav.
ARGaRUare Nic aererod ides doa nooatlae" ative
of 8’ dud’ “Woperja datbpova Ouprjacovro-
"Bopeveds pev evi mpopdyors, ovt elkehos der,
Myptévys 8° dpa ot mypdras drpwve pdayyas.
Rodel SbiaE te gates SWRE| aoe por A papluver:
airixa 8” "1Bopevija mpoonida pedcyiouy:
“"Bopevred, wept pe ce tiw Aavady rayuradow
Medoidtertoh epee ANMotp lentigo
HS" ev Sail’, dre nép re yepovcroy aifora olvov
“Apysiow of apirro. evi xpyripe Képwvrae~
el rep yap 1 Ghdow ye Kipy Kowowrres "Axacol
Baurpiy tivwcw, ody 5é wretov Séras alel
fomy’, Gs wep enol, mi€ew, dre Bupds avery.
GAN’ spre roke.dvd", olos mapos edyeat evar.”
viv 8 afr’ "WSopeveds Kpytav dyds duziov ida:
“"Arpaddn, para pév ror éydy epinpos éraipos
fooopat, ds ro mparov Undrryy Kal Karévevoa~
MAN VichNove GFpibe iedpykopsooras. Aira)
Spee rdyuerra: payssell, ered ierdv of! Sper’ Exevay
Tpacs: rotew 8° ab Odvaros Kal KAS dricow
éover’, drei mpdrepo imp dpxca Sydjcavto.”
Agamemnon wishes that All were Like the Ajaxes,
Bs ear’, "Arpetins 6€ wapadixero ynPdcrvvos Kip.
MMe 8 da’ Aldvreror xidv dvd obhapiy dwSpay-
70 8é kopvocéobny, dua 2 védbos elmero melav.
276
FOURTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD 81
cis 8° Gr’ dad axons dev vébos alxddos avip
épxspevov Kara mévrov brd Zediporo las
70 Bé dvevder édvri peddvrepov Hire ticoa
aiver’ lov xara wévrov, dye S€ re haihara wohdzjv~
piynody re Bow ind re oxéos Have phha-
rota ap’ Aldvreror Siorpepéov allay
Srjvov es wédepow muwal kivwero hddayyes
xudveat, odxerty re Kal &yyeoe wedprxviar.
kal robs pév yiOyoe iSdv xpeiov "Ayapeuvar,
kal odeas purjoas rea mrepserra mpoomida:
“Mlavr’, “Apyeiov apjrope yahnoxeravan,
odin pev ov yap gon’ drpuvéuer, ob Te Kedevor
aird yap pada Aady dvayerov Th pdyecrBar.
al yp, Zed re rarep ral 'A@ywvaiy wai “AroAdor,
rotos raow Bypds évi oriGerar yévorro-
TG ke ray" qutone wéds Upidpoo dvarros
xepoly ip” jyueréppow ddodod re zepHopevy re.”
Nestor marshale bie Troops akilfully.
as ema rads pev rev avtov, Bn Be jer’ dAdous-
Gof! 5 ye Néorop’ crepe, Nyiv Mvdlew dyopyrifv,
obs érdpovs oré\Aovra Kal drpivovra pdyerOar
Gpudi péyav Meddyovra “Addoropd re Xpoptov re
Aljovd re xpelovra Biavrd re woipéva haw.
lempas pev mpara aby Trroow wat oyerdur,
nelovs &' efdrie orjow sohéas re Kai dorPdots,
pros quev wohduo.o- Kaxods 5° ds péowov éhaover,
Spa xai ok edu ni dvaynaly rodenifor,
lametow piv par’ ézeréddero- robs yap dvdyew
adais imrous éxduev pyde xrovéer far dpirw-
“pndé ns imnomivy re Kal jvopéndi wewobds
82
310
316
825
OMHPOY 1ATAAOZY A
olos mpéc” d\\uw pepdro Tpderor payeoBat,
pnd" dvaxwpeira- dharadvérepo yap érecbe.
és Bé x’ dvijp amb dv dyéav Gep’ dppal” Uenras,
Syn Spefdabo, Gre J word Héorepov ovrws.
d8e Kal of mpdrepo médias Kat reiye’ erépbeov,
révbe voov nat Oupov evi arjferow éxovres.”
ds 6 yépuw drpuve maha wodeuav dd eidas-
xal roy pev yiOnoen IBdv xpelov ‘Ayapeuven,
kai pew horjoas Grea mrepoevra mpoonvda.
“& yépov, €i8", cbs Oupds evi oriPerar iron,
Gs ror yowval’ Erovro, Bin S€é rou gureBos etn.
adAd oe yipas teiper Spokov: as opelér mus
dvBpav aAdos exew, od Se Kovporépooe pereivas.”
row 5° jpetBer’ Enera Vepymos inxira Néeorup:
“"Arpelén, pada jev xev eydy €Béhouu Kai adrds
ds gue, ds dre Siow “EpevBariova karéerav.
aX’ ob Tas dpa advra eot Sécav advélpdnrowow-
el rére xodpoy do: viv alré me yipas bndte.
ada Kal ds immedor perérromar 75 Keheow
Bovdf nat piPour 7a yap yépas éori yepdvrww.
alypas 8’ alypdomouce vecirepor, of mep pelo
aaktreperltyeyeiaat wens Gaateice Raphi
Menestheus and Odysseus are unjustly rebuked by Agamemnon,
who apologizes.
@s epar’, “Arpelins 52 rapyyero ynldcvvos Kap.
Spt visu Tereio Merestha wieinnor
FR Re fi eg Voi, eevee ary
aitap 8 adgoler Sorface woddnyris. 'OBvroeds,
api be Kobaliifier' dagtiorivesine ekaontedl
Srraray ob ydp md ow dxovero Nads duris,
ahd véov cuvopwbpera xivwro ddhayyes
FOURTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD 8s
Tpduw inroSducv cat "Axadw, of 58 pévovres
Grracay, ommire mipyos ‘Axauy ahdos érehfdw
Tpdav Sppryone cal dpfeav wodduow.
robs 8 (ely vetkeroer dvak dvBpdv "Ayapeuvar,
nai ofeas harjras érea mrepde@ra mpooyvda~
“@ vid Meredo Storpepéos Baordjos
kal ob xaxotor Béhour Kexacpéve, KepSaheddpor,
inte karantacoorvres ddérrare, pipvere 5’ Gddous;
opiw pev t’ enéome pera mpdrow edvras
dordpev 75¢ pdyns xavere(pys dvriBohjoa-
mpdrw yap kat dards dxovdlerfov epeto,
énnére Saira yépovew ehorhilaper "Axaiol.
Gia did’ brrahéa xpéa Byevar HS? xdwedha
oivov mivéuevar pedindéos, dp’ eBédntov-
wiv 5e dios y’ dpdure, kat ei Séxa mipyou "Axardiv
tpeiaw mpordpodle paxoiaro vyht xara.”
tov 8’ dp’ dnd8pa [Sdy rpooddy rohipymes "Oducceds~
“"Arpelin, moidy ae cros dtyer épxos dddvran,
mins oy dys wodtporo peOicuer; Smads’ "Ayal
Tpwcty eh’ imnodduourw eyeipoper d£iv “Apna,
Oyeat, Hv COéAnoa Kai al Kév roe ra weprdy,
Tyreuaxoo pihov warépa mpopdxouwr prydyra
Tpdov ixxoSdpev- ot 58 rair’ dvendda Balas.”
tov 3° émpadjoas mpooédn Kpéiav "Ayapeurar,
as yuo xwopuevow wary 8” 6 ye Adfero pifoy-
“dtoyerts Aaepridin, mohyr}yay" *Obvaue,
obre ge veiKcios wepusoioy obre weheteo"
olda yap, ds rx Oupds evi oriPerar ditouww
Seat) tafreaetbes 72 php dpintan, & 7” \eyh wep,
GX’ th, rata 8° Gmeorbev dperaduel’, ef re Kandy viv
eipnray, 7a 82 wdvra Pot perapenia Bever.”
84
S70
375
985
OMHPOY IAIASOS A
Diomed is compared with his Father, Tydeus.
ts elnaw rods wey Mmev avrod, Bij Se per’ dAdous.
pe 8 Tubé0s vibv drépPypov Aroprdea
éorear’ & O° tmmourt Kal dppat KodAnroiow:
nap 5€ of éarijxer SHévehos Karavijtos vids.
kal Tov pev velkerore iSdv Kpeiow "Ayapéuvan,
wal pw dovjoas erea arepdevra mpornisa:
“@ pou Tudeos vie Satppovos immoddpouo,
ri arioces, ti 8! dremevers rohenowo yepripas;
od piv Tuba y' dd hidov wrockaléuer Fer,
GAM OAD mpd Hirwv érdpov Sylow pdxerBas.
dis dora, of pw Bovro moveruevov’ ob yap eya ye
vrna’ od82 Bov- wept 8° drow dat yevérPat
F roe piv yap drep wodtuov cawiOe Muxyjvas
Edivos ap’ duriéy Mohuveixe’, Kady dyeipuy,
at pa rér” eorpardav6’ iepa mpds relyea Onfns.
kal pa péda Macovro Bépev Krerods émKodpous~
a 8" Bedor Séjseras wad emfveoy, as exéhevon:
Ad Zedeverpebe Tapaicia axpara galvaw
ee ileretlotlaerers Ltd wpa iRdod esecero,
"Acondy 8° ixovro Babioxowov Acxeroiny,
colada? de yehtye eatTaba lawethasOAyalo
airap 6 fH, wohdas 8? reyyjoaro Kadpetovas
Sawupévous xara Sapna Bins ‘ErconAncins.
&0" ob8e Fetvis rep edv inmmddra Tudads
rdpBa, potvos ddv -wodéow para. KoSpedourw,
GAN 3 4° deDrcder wpoxaditero, wdvra 8° evina
pyBlas- roin ot drippobos yer AC Hun.
SY peal ay vey AES ear aa eer
ay dp’ dvepyoudvm muxwdy Aéyov eloeay dyovres,
410
416
FOURTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD 85
kovpovs mevryxovra’ Siw 5° ayjropes Foray,
Maiov Aipovidns emeixehos dbavdrouw
ulds 7’ Abroddvoio peverroepos Todupdvrns.
Twdads per Kal rotow denéa mérpnov ebnecy:
navras érepy’, Ga 8° olov i oixdvde véeaBas-
eles ashen iscn wiitinattat Os
rotos éqv Tudeds Airaidtos: ahAa roy vidy
yeivaro clo xépna paxy, dyopp S¢ 1° dyetvw.”
Diomed’s Comrade repels the Criticism.
ds paro, rav 3° ov re mporeyn Kparepds Avopydns,
aideobeis Bachijos évuriy aiSoloro.
roy 8 vids Kamavijos dpetiaro KuSahijuou"
“"Arpdldn, pi) Webd€ emorduevos adda ctretv.
auets ro. warépav jey’ apeivoves cdxdpel” evar
Lie EES Ses Gar
panearicew' Valet eyanurlt Geo re yor itaten
mrabipevn repderor Bedv Kai Znvis dpwya:
RSD eherdereriaiarad sheer ieloeres
Bese i.cetardaas x00" Oot sities eileen
roy 8° dp’ irdbpa iSdv mpooédm xparepds Avopidns-
“qérra, cry Hoo, cua 5° emeifeo pidy.
AY Byrd pele Ania ce ser epg A
Erphecrts patente | Cinonpitiea “Anlaiods®
Posie fice yap xoSos Gn, Specun, ot keri "Axuise
Tatas \pdrtanw ddisol re “Idioy. tax,
rovry 8° ab péya réfos “Axady SpuGévraw.
GAN" dye Bi al vin peBGueba Povpifios ddats.”
Baal cateie plans ase reheenn Drmapanaler
Sandy 8’ USpaye yadrxds ent oriPerow dvaxros
Spvupérou- iré Kev rahavidbpord wep déos ether.
426
486
440
OMHPOY IAIASO@ A
‘The Armics advance. Athena is with the Achseans; Ares, with the
Trojans.
ais 8 Gr ev aiyahd rokvnyd Kia adrdoons
Spur’ éxacctrepov Lepipov vo xurjrasros-
mévTy pév TE TpiTa Koptacerat, avrap éreata
xépow fmyripeor peydda Apéuer, dudi BE 7’ dxpas
xuproy lov Kopupotra, aroma 8° dNds ayvyy-
ds tér’ éraratrepa Aavaty kivevto hihayyes
vorepéws mohepdvde. xédeve Bé olow éKacros
jyensvav of 8° adddo diy iar, ob8€ Ke pains
tomo adv ererGar exovr’ dv onijfecw abdijy,
avyp, Seadiéres onpdvropas: dpdi 5? raow
reixea moiKiN’ éhapme, TA cipevor eorcxowvro.
Tpdes 5’, ds x” dues mohumduovos dvbpds ev adAj
poplar éorixaow dpedyopevar yadha evkdy
alnxés pepaxviat, dxovovra ora dpyav,
as Tpduv ddodyras dva orparovy eipiy dpdpaw-
ot yap ndvrov Her dds Cpdos ob8" ta -yiipus,
Ma yoo" eneuexto, wohvKhyto 5° grav avBpes.
dpec Se rods pv “Apys, rods Se yhavadms “ADrjrn
Aapds 7° Wde bdBos wat “Bpis dporov pepavia,
“Apeos dxBpoddvoio xaoeyvijrn érdon re,
Sian Oheon ier apere kopietreral tatranr ereern
obparg eoripi&e Kapn nat eri xbovi Baiver.
F opi nal vére veicos Spolior GiBahe peoow
epxouem Kab’ Surov, d4éddovea orévov arSpav.
‘The Armies meet.
of 8 Gre Sf pf es xfpor va Evmdvres ixovro,
oie ff iBador pivots, adv 8° Encea, nal pave dxSpar
466
470
FOURTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD 87
XAxeoluprxav- drap domides dupahderrar
Emhyvr’ GdjAnot, wohds 8! dpypaySds dpdpey.
56a 8° du" olny} re Kai eyad) weder dvdpay
OAAUvraw Te Kat ddAvpevaw, pee 8” alpare -yaia.
ds 8° Gre yeipappoe Torapot Kar’ Gperdi péovres
és purydyneav EvpBddrderov S6Bpwov Vdwp
xpowvay ék peydhow xothns evrorfe xapddpys*
ae BEira sw lidere) Cothrors eee Oalperer lacked: woljapoe
Os trav puryopevwn yévero iayy Te wovos Te
Antilochus Kills KchepBlus.
mp@ros 8" 'Avrihoyos Tpduv dev dvdpa kopvoriy
SaGXbpltrt’ upopeyoiey. Oalvowsinn (Beacon:
tov fi €Bahe mpdros xdpuilos dadov imnodacetys,
ey 82 perdmw wife, wépyce 8° ap’ doréoy ciow
aixpa xadxein: rov 8€ oxéros dooe Kahuper,
ASE ST ee
GBH Bivadotere’ wibde dha Ge inpelun tRNAs HiGe
XahxwSorridins, peyalipav apyds “ABdrrow,
Paice. Y dad: [Baten hekan ptoosy Obani
Betyeatoubijorieh leva Sd ats yer Soest.
peipaviydp' f' tpbovra: Idx weydBiuos. "Ayrjrup
Thepd, ra of Kinparre wap’ aomidos eLepadvln,
obrmre Evars xahanpet, dioe 52 yuta
de rn pedo Mee Gopds, ex? adrsi 8° Loyow eriydy
QpyeNsor Taste wal "Axaidv- of 8 Aveo ds
WvyNoix: 2xpooous, divin’ 3’ deSp' SronOuler:
Ajax and Odyserun slay Trojans.
Gf" Bad’ "AvPepiovos vidby Tedapamnos Alas,
Pbcow Badepw Linoelriov, Sv wore jofmp
88
476
480
486
490
49%
ox
OMHPOY IAIASO3 A
“Tbnbev Karwodoa map’ sxOyow Sypdevtos
Sebo rel fes eonencris “Aj Smee jopel Leee Paes
roUyerd pu Kddeov Sipoeiorow od8 rondo
Opénrpa pirors ameBane, prvurPdSios S¢ ot aidv
Er’ tn’ Aiavros peyalipov Soup! Sapevr.
mpatov yap puv tévra Bade ori{Pos zapa palin
Bekidv, dvrexpis 82 8¢ Gpov yadeor éyyos
WAdev- & 8 év wovigas yapal rére aiyepos ds,
q pao év clapevp Ereos peyddoro wepixy
hei, drdp ré of Olor én’ dxpordry mepiacw:
Thy wey O dpparomyds avnp aidan odripy
era’, Schpa truv xdpufry weprxadher Bihpq-
4 pev r Glouern Keira: torapoto wap’ dyBas.
rotov ap’ "AvOepidny Lpoeiciov éLevapiter
Alas Suapantncbrin BU" Abridos alokstderge
Hprapidns Kall” Spirov dxdvrcer df Sovpi-
sob nav: Giuapb! dre Acouow 7O8urenéa deride. Erazpoy
Paatirel BoB acc twice erence Vensoeras
jpive 8° dud? airG, vexpds Sé of eerece yerpds.
rod 5° "OBuereds pda Oupiy daroKrapévoo yokuGn,
Bi 82 Sa mpomdxyow Kexopvbuevos afore xadnd,
arf 82 pid! \eyybe ldv, wad axévruze Bouph. paavg
Gppt @ ramrivas. bard 88 Tpdes xexdSorro
dyBpds dxovricoavros. 4 5° ovy arroy BédAos Hkev,
GAN’ vidv Mpudpoco villov Bade Anpoxdowra,
6s of "ABvdd0er AAGe, rap” Trav deedow*
rév p” “Odvereds erdpoio xokwadipevos Bade Soupi
képonv- 4 8° érépoio Sid. Kporddowo aépnow
tsps lava eeupsisten Baling oelees caine aber!
Bovrnoe Se rerdy, dpafnoe Be reve én” aird.
xdpnoav 5° dard re mpdpaxor Kal daldimos “Extmp>
610
515
FOURTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD 89
Apollo rouses the Trojans, A General Slaughter begins.
*apydtor 82 péya layov, épvearro 58 vexporis,
Wucrav 52 wodd mpordpw. veudonoe 5° "Anddhov
Tepydpov éxearidav, Tpderor 52 xécher’ dias
“dpwvetl’, immdSapor Tpaes, pS” eixere ydppys
"Apyeious, éwei od ordu MBos ypds ot cidnpos
xadnov dvacrydrfar raperixpoa Badhoudvoire.
ob pay od’ 'Ayiteds O€riBos meus yuxdpovo
Bdpvarar, aN él mmvol yddov Oypadyéa rércea,”
dis pdr’ dw mrddvos Sevds Beds avrap "Axaods
dpoe Atds Ouydrnp Kdiorn Tprroyévere,
2pyouén Kab” duro, 60: petévras tBorro.
GP "Apapvyxeiny Avipea poipa réyoa
xepuadle pip Bdiro rapa oduply depuderr
xvrjuny Sekirepyy: Bare Be Spnxar dybs dvipay,
Tleipoos “WnBpaciins, 6 és ap Ander cid hovPav:
dpsporépe 8€ révovre Kai doréa haas dvaudiys
dypis drphoinger: 5 8’ dnrios ev xovinow
ndmmecer, dudes xeipe pihas érdpoin. verdowes,
Op» domveiov. 88° érBpaser, ds f° Bae mep,
Tietpoos, obra: 82 Béupl'ap” Sudaddy> ax 8 dna wloak
Kerr Xouat yoddtes, tov 82 cxdros Gove nébuper
tov B& Qdas AirwAds drecovpevoy Bade Sovpi
ripece Bute paleo, diya) Stee mpeiio’ wakxies
Gyxipodov 8 of FABe Odas, éx 8” 6Bpipov eyyos
tomdgato gréproio, épicraro 52 fidos bfv,
BRIG ye -yorrépa rife judrys, ek 8" aliero) Punts.
reiyen 8 oix dzdduce: meplornoay yap éraipo
prices dxpdrouor Sorix” &yxea yepoty Eyovres,
Gd plyar wep Rivte. Kad ipPisor xal dyaviy
90 OMHPOY IAIAAOZ A
65 doav dad opeian- 5 82 xavadpevos medepixOn.
ds 7d y’ &v novigor wap’ dddjowe rerdoOnv,
Fro 6 per Oppxav, 6 8 "Emady yadnoyerdven
ryeudves oddot 82 smepixreivovto Kal ddAow.
Sa nev obnér epyov dvhp dvbcairo perehOcbv,
uo Ss mus er’ dBdnros Kat dvovraros b£6 yang
Bwevor ward péocor, dyor 3¢ € Tladdds *AOjvy
xepds edodoa, drdp Bedéwu dmeptxor epanjy-
moddol yap Tpduv kal "Axady Fpare xeivp
mpyvées év xovigar map’ dddjdowwt réravto.
»
OMHPOY TATAAO® BE
EI- BAAN KvBlpuay “Apnd re Tublor ude.
Ki Venerem et Martem Dkomedis tela cruentant.
“In Epsilon, Heaven's blood is shed
By sacred rage of Diomod.”
AtourySous dpioreia.
Diomed begins his ‘Bravery.’ Athena and Ares leave the Field.
The Achaeans turn the Trojaus to Flight.
GO ab TubeiSy Acourdet Madras ‘Abrjvn
Bake pévos Kai Bapoos, iv’ éxSqhos pera macw
"Apyeioce yevorro Se xheos éxfhdv dporro.
Said of ek Képubds ze kal domi8os dxduarov mip,
dorép’ drupiw@ evadiyriov, 6s re pakuora
haprpdv raydaivpor hedoupévos ‘Qkeavoio-
rowdy of rip Sater dard xpards re Kal don,
Spoe 8é piv xara péacor, Gh mreioro. wdordovra,
iw 8é ns by Tpderor Sdpns ddvads dudpor,
Ipels ‘Hgalerao- filo B of vides Forqy,
Pnyeds “aids re, payns &d bdre raoys:
TH of droxpwhévre dvavria dpyunOyrnv-
SA judy dat Inxoun,. 88% dad, yBonds Samra: mobs.
of 8° Gre 8) oyeddv Foav én’ addyjhower ldvres,
Pyyeis pa mpdrepos mpote. Soriydancov eyyos-
TudefSem 5° tmtp duov dpustepiy jAvé" dxaniy
Exes, ob3’ éBad’ adrév. 5 8° orepos sipyuro yadna
Tvdetns: rod 3° oby ddvor Bédos exduye Yepss,
a”
92
80
OMHPOY JAIAAOS E
GN Bade oriPos perapdliov, doe 8’ dd’ irmav.
"[Satos 8° dadpovee Aimdv wepuadd€a Sihpov,
U8" erhy meprSijvar aDdeAdeov xrapévoro-
obSe yap obd€ Kev abris tnexdurye xjpa pédawav,
GAN "Hhaoros puro, odwoe 8 vuxri Kadtrpas,
Be Spiel iat why pln. dkanieeres, Srp
famous 8° efehdoas peyalhipov Tudéos vids
Baxev ératpowrw Kardyew koidas ext vias.
Tpdes S& peyaOupor emet Bor vie Adpytos
rov pev ddevduevov, tov 52 xrdpevov map’ dyerdw,
raow dpivOy Oupds: drap yhavkdms *AOfvy
xepos ova" éxéerar mpoonida Oovpov “Apna:
“Apes, “Apes Bporodovyd, puaiudve, reyerurAjra,
obk dv 5) Tpdas pev édoaper wal “Ayaods
pdpracd", ommorépowt warp Zeds nddos bpdep,
vin 82 yaldpecBa, Aids 8° dhecipefa pijrw.”
Six Achsean Leaders slay Each a Trojan.
as drovea payns ¢Eyyaye Sovpor “Apna
thw pev Enerra xalleirey ex’ ques. Sxapavdpy,
Tpaas 8’ ékdwwav Aavaol- ére 8’ dvbpa exacros
tyyeudven. nparos 8é dvak dvdpav “Ayapéuvar
épxdy “AiLdvar, ’OSlov péyav, &Bade Sippou-
apary yap orpepbévre peradpévy ev Bépy wager
Gpow peronyds, ba 8€ orjPerdiy Eaccer,
[Bovryeey 82 werdv, dpdpnoe 8% reixe tx” abrae]
"Bonerets 8 dpn Galaror érjparo, Mifowos ulde
Bépov, os éx Tdépyns epiBcraxos «dn rovBav:
piv av dp’ “ISoueveds Bovpudurds Eyed akog
NET Eemae EmiBqerdiuercokerd) Baeot ects
jpure 8° e& byéuv, orvyepds 8’ dpa yu oxéros <lrev.
65
7%
FIFTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD 98
toy pev dp” "Woperijos éovhevoy Oeparovres:
vidv 58 rpodiowo TxapdvSpiov, alyova Oxpys,
"Arpdéns Mevédaos EX’ éyyei dévderrs,
fabhov Onpyriipa- Bake yap “Apreus atx
Bdddew dypia mdvra, ta Te tpéper ovperty Thy.
GAN’ ob of Tore ye Xpatopu’ “Apreuts loyéapa,
oS éxnBodia, jow 7d mplv ye Kéxacro:
aNd uv *Arpeldns Sovpirderrds Mevéhaos
apscbev Bev devyovra perdbpevor ovrace Sovpt
[Guar peronyis, Sia 8& oriferpiy Ehaccev.]
apie Se mpyrijs, dpdBnoe Se retye’ én’ aiza.
Mnptsrns 82 bépexdov evjparo, Téxrovos vibv
“Appovidew, 5 yepolv ériorato Saidaka mévra
ehihe = abo lopdalipiae Ah Narain NceeeA tra
és wat "Adefdvdpw rexrjvaro vias dicas
dpxexdxous, at wacr kaxby Tpoerct yévovro
SERN cereriduet ovive Bea ide Bentenataione
tov pev Mypidvns, dre i) xaréuaprre Siena,
BeBryjxer yourdy xdra Sefisv: 7 82 Siampd
leeie) ave kv dat Borées /ANae ean:
yn 8° epun” oipeiEas, Odvaros S€é pu dprpexcduper.
ThjSaov 8° dp’ erebve Méyns, “Avtivopos vidy,
Sei pe ré0oe pte yr, wika 8" eepofe Six Ocand,
Ta, dMhoige vkevon, -yapilonéon bod
tov pev dudelSns Soupierurds eyyifev eddy
BeBrriner kebadis xard lwicy df Soupt:
duruxpis 8’ dv’ d8dvras td yAdooay rdye yahxds.
Goine 8° av wovly, Yuxpdy 8° dhe yahudv Bodow-
Eipimdos 8' "Evaporidns “Najvopa dior,
vidv dwepPiuov Aodowiovos, bs fa Exaudvdpov
dpqrip erérunro, Bede 8" aks lero Bifuss,
85
6
100
OMHPOY IAIASOR E
tov pév ap’ Edpirudos “Evaiwovos dyhads vids
mpdaber ev hetyovra peradpopddyy éhac’ dpov
darydvy dikes, db 8" dere yepa Bopeiay.
aiparécooa 5é xeip wedi réve: rov 82 Kar’ doce
éhhaBe toppipeos Odvatos Kal potpa Kparasy.
Further Introduction to the ‘Bravery’ of Diomed.
SEAL fide movGoera kata nparenny bapton!
Tedeldqv 5? ox dv yvotns, worepocr perety,
He pera Tpcerow spiréor H per’ ’Ayacots.
Ove yap dy rediov moraud mAnbovri eoucds
xXepdppy, ds 7’ dxa peav exéSacce yeduipas:
tov 5° obs’ dp re yépupar eeppévar toxavdwow,
ovr’ dpa épkea loyer ddwodav épily dear
bse) Bbw rie Se Sri bplory Bids (Su Bpos?
wodha Be” abrod oye. nanfowe xd’ abliydin:
Gs wd Tuddiy muewat Krovéovro dadayyes
Tipit we” Sid utv alpsow toNEet aap Rees?
Diomed is wounded, but is strengthened by Athens,
tov 8° cs obv evdnoe Aukdovos dyhads vids
Sivovt! dw.aeSlov mpd Bev nlovéovra ddhayyas,
aly’ éxt TuBetSp eriratvero Kapmrbha réfa,
kai Ban’ ératocovra, ruxdy nara Sebidv Suov,
Bispnxos yahov- Bid 8” Errata mxpds dards,
dovinpis 82 Bidoye, -maddovero'8? aluan. Osspné.
roi tidat taka lcarrel Aintaaogiey Leaanotla?
“dprvobe, Tpaes peydPuyor, xévropes trmav
BéBryrar yap dpurror "Axaudy, obBE Z dmpe
570° dvoyjoecba xparepoy Bédos, «i éredv pe
dprw dvak Ads vids dropvipevovy AvninBer.”
FIFTH BOOK OF THE IAD 95
ds thar’ ebydpevos’ ov 8’ ob Béhas oxi Sduarcen,
GX dvaxwpyoras mpoc8’ trrouv Kal dyer
€ory, Kai SOévchov xportdy Karavyuoy vidv-
“dpoo, wérov Kanavyiddy, xaraByjoen Sihpou,
10 éppa por e& apo épiooys mxpov durrdy.”
ds dp’ én, LOévedos 52 Kal! twmaw Arto xapale,
aap 8 otras Bédos and Siapmepes eépve" dpou-
alpa 5° dynxderite bid ozperroto ytravos.
33 76r' Exar’ jiparo Bory dyabds AcopySys:
U6 “KABOL pev, alywxoo Aas réxos, drpurdiy,
ei moré po xal marpl pia ppoveovoa raptors
Siw dv modtuy, viv abr’ cue pir, “Ayn:
Bas 8¢ ré pw! dvbpa édciv Kai és dpi eyxeos eMOer,
ds yp’ Bade didpevos xat eretyerar, obbé pe dyow
120 Snpdv &' GberAar Lapmpdyv dos Fedioro.”
ds ear’ ciyspevos, rod 8 exhve Taddds “AOsrn,
Pan diguer tase iets haee ules eetoay eee
dyyxob 8° lorapévn erea arepderta rpoonvda’
“Bapoaw viv, Sopndes, ext Tpoieror pdyerBa-
126 dv ydp roe onjberae evos’ rarpiov Ha
drpopov, olov Exeoxe aaxéorahos lmméra Tudebs:
aydiv 8° ad row an’ Spfadpav fhov, } mpiv emia,
o¢p" a rordanys jpev Pci ASE wad dvdpa.
7G viv, al xe Oeds Twepepevos evlad’ tenrar,
190 py te ov y' ABavdrowse Beois avrixpd pdyerBar
Tois GANois: drdp ef Ke Ards Ovydrnp “Adpodiry
DHpo’ es wédquor, ivy? older dbh Yadup.”
4 wer dp’ ds cota’ dméfn yhavxdms ‘Adj,
Tvbdlins 8 eLairis tay mpomdyourw éuix8n-
18) Kat mpiv wep Bupg pepads Tpderor nayerGar,
5) tére pv pls réccov erev pévos, cis Te dMovra,
40
146
160
156
165
OMHPOY IAIAASO3 EB
Sy pd re tomy dyp@ én’ elpowdxas dierow
ee a See eS Se
rod pév re obevos dpoev, Erara 5€é 7’ ob mporapive
ANN card opadpons (cherubs ve Olepilalbudarar:
eepsendia sn Pao E EE NEES
airdp 6 eupepads Babéys eEidherar addzs-
Os peuas Tpderor piyn Kparepds Aroprjins.
Diomed slays Eight Chiefs, among them Two Sons of Priam.
a0 chev ‘Activoov kat “Treipova royséva hav,
tov peév wep paloto Bahdy yadrrpei Soupi,
roy 8° crepov Eibet peydhy xdytSa zap” duor
thie’, dad 8° adydvos Guov eépyaber 78" dnd vairov.
rods pév éao’, 6 8° “ABavra jerdxero nal Hodndov,
vidas BépySduarros Svespoxéhow yépovros,
rots oi dpryontvous & arlpas cepivar? veipovs,
NAG shea Rparepee: Maou Zeeator
Dar pa carat esate sear ve Wa benterte
Ei ahele si yes |6/8%. Seelperb sol pak Noypis
viév 5° ob réxer’ GAKow eri wredrecoe durée Bat.
0" 6 ye rods evapile, pitov 8° eLaivuro Oupov
ajupordaes, sraréet 8% adox wal xefBea Merypd
dein’, ewet ob Laorre pans exvoorjoarre
Biareoi yypecral O2/ia: Rrgeie Baxkero:
BP. alas’ Tpidjiccd) Bhar NAGE BapBavlBaa
ely evi Sippy edvras, “Exdupord re Xpopiov re.
is 82 Nbww. By Bowel Papier &E atybra dy
mbprice joy oars: Ese Nob inared Bear ropercaw!
ds robs dudorépous ef tmmov Tuddos vids
Bice, naxiis décovras, Grure 8 resye: erika?
axeesr8" als’ tripotaa Bow eri puns eociebe
170
176
180
185
FIFTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD oT
Aeneas and Pandarus against Diomed and Sthenelus,
roy 8 Be Alvaas chandlorra oriyas dvopar,
89 8 ipev dv re pdynv Kai dvd Kddbvow eyyedav
Tdvdapov dvrifeov Silrjpevos, ef rou épeipor.
eBpe Avdovos vidy duipovd re Kparepdv re,
ary 5¢ apdcf” airoio eros é pw durlov qbda~
“TidvSape, rod zor réfov 18 mrepdevres durtol
kal wAdos; G ov ris rou epilerar evOade y" arijp,
ovde rus ev Aunin oto y' evyera elvar dpeivov.
GAN’ dye 1G8" ees dvdpt Bédos, Ai yetpas dvacydy,
65 tis Gde pare wat 5%) Kad mohAa copyer
MDs, Exel colhiis Fev kal dP hSint giver: shoows
al poh tus Oeds dome xorerodpevos Tpaerow,
ipay pyvicas: xaherm 8e Beod em pays.”
Pandarus recognizes Diomed and regrots that he has not come
as a Spearman.
rov 8° abre mpoatane Avxdovos dyhads vids:
Mate Pi pibear Beikaisoa acadnogeioey
Tudeldy per eye ye Batdpom wdvra eiorKxe,
donb yyviokoy abdesmidl re tpupadeiy,
trrovs 7 eloopdav- cada 8° odk old’, el Beds dori,
ad 8 3 yf drip, bv dys, Baldpov Tvddos vids,
De diy? drate Beco ibe palverat: Bihd. ne. dyxe
darnn’ dbavdrav vebéhy ehopévos apovs,
3s rovrov Bédos dKi Kiya Eerparey addy.
SeaP Mi lobasnnal Bakers, cal) Wisi iekor aiiae
Sekcdv, dvrexpds Bud Pcopynros yudharo,
Sea ae
Gums 8° obk eSdparca: Beds wi ris dome Koreas.
Tero: 8° ob mapéace Kai dppara, tor x’ tnBainv:
196.
210
215
‘
OMHPOY IAIASOS EB
Pld Gre Avy ee potet Aucarer',&eSeka, Sle ooe
kahol mpuromayeis veorevydes, dul Sé mémhoe
méntavrar” mapa dé odw édorw Silvyes toe
Sarde viptathenntv ten ctuesbe tical kia
FB pe por para moda yepov aixpnra Avedwy
épxouevp enérehhe Sdpors eve mounrocow~
Renpirie ales eke kal Spector Aa abies
dpxevev Tpderot kara xparepas dopivas’
GAN eyd ob mBopnry, 7 av wohd Képdiov Fay,
Feag (ReBaneoh ails SeularcagopeGs
axSpdv etroperov, elwOdres Bpevar aSny.
@s Atrov, abrap welds és “Ikov eidyjdovba,
rogourw wlowyos~ ra B¢ px" obx/Ep’ tue\Nov dyjoay.
[48 yap Sowicw dpeorryerow eine,
Tvbelby re Kai “Arpeldy, ék 8° dpdorepour
drpenes ala’ éroea Baddv, yyepa 5é uaddov.]
ral iseh eaieg fatap teed afecractbie epee dees
Fware TH EAdpmy, dre “Dov es eparayyy
Fyeéuny Todeoo, dépav xdpw "Exrope Big.
Bs Bictice poersietnnakieatafe eal Soba deri
marAB edyanlaheyen\te ical siepepr, teen htalor
atrix’ Ener’ ar’ eucio Ka py tapor adhdrpios dois,
AT pps AR AGS Eee rar
xepor Siaxddowas’ dvepidia yelp por caper
fp.
Aeneas takes Pandarus upon his Chariot.
s0i8'aBp) -Alvelas Tpdam. dibs sdottan qa:
"pa 83 obras dydpeves mdpos 3° obk Koocrar GAdws,
piri yheal NOAH GAS pyr sentiatteao ete
Der Abies EN NSor sient Weer era
DN dy! dudv Bye SBhoen) Shpa\ Byer,
0
245
FIFTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD 99
olor Tpoxor trmo., emoraperor medioo
kpamva pad’ &vOa wat va Siwneper He eBeoOan
rallica) Getta Nusdal wtider erie al wep ide
Zeds. emi Twely AroprfBet uiBos. SpéEy.
aN diye viv partvya Kai jvia cvyahoeta
Bates dpi texas ei Gr onesaahsecca ate
He od rév8e Seo, pedyorovew 8° dot trou.”
tov 8° abre mpomdeume Avkdovos dyhads vids
“Alveta, od pev abros €' quia nat red) trem:
BaAov bh! sidyy elofdre Kapmihov dppa
oiveroy, c& mep dv adre peBdpeOa Tuddos vidy
pi rd pev Seioavre parjoerov, 065" eéyrov
debepiued. wahhioia; velo GOe yon arbre
vin 8° éxattas peyatipov Tuddos vids
airé te xreivy Kal Edcoy piwuxas trrous.
aa ot y' airds ehavve re appara wat red tre,
rovde 8 éycw eméovra bedéFomae o£ Sovpi-
Sthenelus calls Dlomed’s Attention to Aeneas and Pandarus.
ds dpa duvyrarres és Gppara woxiha Barres
eppcpadr’ éxt Tvdeldy exov axéas Urrovs.
tous &¢ ide SHevehos Kanavijws dyhais vids,
abja 8¢ TudetSnv érea arepdevra mpoonida+
“TuSdSy Avdundes, ug neyapiopeve Puy,
dvSp' dpow Kparepd éri vol pepadre padyerFar,
Ed kath pte! Ecorran 8 jidv. vigen! 25 iba
Hdvbapos, vids 3° abre Avxdovos abyerar elvac-
Aiveias 5° vids peyadsjropos ‘Ayxicao
eiyerat exyeyduer, jojrnp S€ of dor” *Adpodirn
GAN dye 3) yaldpel” eb? irmov, undé por obras
Give Bid mpoudyov, prj mms hidov Frop dhérops.”
100
266
265
276
OMHPOY IAIASOS EB
tov 8° dp’ drdSpa tSav rporedy Kparepds Avoumins”
Sarl autgisBoS" anne end othe wre relereuestcatas
ov ydp wor yervaioy ddvoxdlorre pdyerBar
ob82: Kecrawedooeav=” Er! pdr’ eros Ganeboe early:
Serehe Outeune lea abeiot Aba ical tetren
Arkon eli ards apety\ poe TedhaeADhfing:
tovrw 8° ob mahw abris anoureroy wees tmmor
Gude ag’ jpetur, ef y" ob» eepds ye diypow:
ddho 8¢ rou épéw, od §° evt perl Bdddeo ofow-
ai Ko pio mohbBovhos *AOitim «i863 Godey
silane dsiadrese ev St seolheBe ae anaes tam are
Eleaaxaktan oF iavtx jotta Bete,
Rivas Bveraiben jlaimiutoie tea,
éx 8 ehdoat Tpdwv per’ everapidas “Ayaods.
THs ydp ro yevens, js Tpwi tep edpiora Feds
8ax' vios roujy TavupySeos, ovvex” dpurroe
inmav, Goon caow bn’ HG 1° aedudy re
niesyancasl Grlebe. deal teenau hye ions:
NdBpy NeaMBoxros Seocyie Oxkéas lanous-
wiv oh 8 eyGopro St. pepapoian yer
Tovs ev Térrapas avtos exww arirad\’ emi dary,
wa i88 BS Alvele) BSney, jeformpr d6Boro:
eh torired ei hel losplesy dipole we leAikos ier Ncout
Pandurus wounds Diomed, but then is slain by him.
ds of pév rotaira mpos aGAdyjhovs adydpevor,
to) 88 ray” eyyifer FAOov ehavvorr’ aixéas trmovs,
nope pGraoe io Ure kote tala eie-
SpaprepoPyse Balfspov, yaiod "To8tos vid
# pada co’ ob Bédos aki Sapdoaaro, mixpdos duorres:
viv alt’ tyyely rapjoopas, al xe reyop”
FIFTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD 101
280} fa Kal dumeraddy mote Bodiydoxiov eyxos,
ra Bare Tedddao nar doriba- ris 82 drarpd
alxui) xadnein mrapern Oapyx weddoby,
7@ 8° et paxpdy doe Avxdovos dyads vids:
“ BePrna Kevedva Biapmepes, ovdE a” dio
285 Sypow &” dvoxnrerAae~ euot 58 wey’ ebyos ESwxas.”
tov 5° of rapBrjoas mpooédm xparepds Arourins:
4 ZiBpores;, 9B" eruyen: ari od. pay iepal 4 Alte
apie y dnoratcerGas, apiv y' h erepdv ye merdvra
alparos dow “Apna tadavpwov mohepworriy.”
200 © bs dpevos mpoeyxe: Bédos 8° Tuven “APrrn
fiva wap’ ddbOaudv, Acvxods 8° enépycev ddédvras.
zd 8” dad pe yiooay mpupripy rape xadxds dreipys,
alypy 5° éervty rapa velaroy dvlepedva.
pure BY UE Bxdaw AphOgee Biraiye eat aied
STRSTR easels peice SOTO Le
dxirobes: rod 8° abt AWOn Wy ze wevod ze.
Aeneas withdraws, He in sadly burt by a Stove thrown by Diomed,
bat is saved by his Mother.
Alveias 8° dmépovee atv domidi Sovpi re pmaxpy,
Seicas, pa} mis of epucaiaro verpiw ’Axatoi.
dwt 3° dp! aia Batve héow cig ddxt reroibleds,
200 mpoobe 5é ot Sdépu 7’ drye Kat domiba mdvroc’ dior,
Tov xrdpevas pepacis, Gs Tis Too y' dyrios EABou,
opepdahéa idéyow. 5 82 yeppddioy AdBe yepl
Tebeiins, péya epyov, 6 ov Bio y' dvdpe deporer,
los viv Bpotoi cic”: o Sé pay pea wddde wat olos-
ea Bahes Atvatn kar taylor) Sba' ve jempte
layin evorpéderat, Koriqy 8¢ rf pw Kaddovow:
Ordooe 8 oi KoriAny, pos 8° dudw pike révovre-
102
a10
316
#
6
380
OMHPOY IAIAAOS EB
doc & dmd pwov tpyxds Bos. abrap 6 y' ypas
dom yE dpurdv: xal epctoaro yeipt vayely. 4
yains: dudl 82 doce Kehau) WE excuper.
Kat wi Kev &v’ addowro dvak avSpav Aiveias,
fh dp BED ioe Aide: Ooydenp. *Appobley,
Beira, 7 pin bat. Ayylon rece Boveodéorn:
Gudt 8 ap. Gilow vidv: eycbara mmjyor haus,
apoabe 3€ ol rémdowo pacwod Triypa Kdhufev,
Bicocl dust Belt, efi cis Mavala MrayemGhiee
xarkoe evi oriferor Badrdy éx Bvpov edoiro.
‘Sthenelus captures the Horses of Aencas.
HA papndae thos vibe. DreLebapes arc Guta
ov’ vids Katarjos éhyPero ovvbervdwv
mittee deceived Boi dyelts Atouttae
ANN 6 ye robs pev eods aptxaxe poivyyas trmous
vdaodly amd pdoicBov, eE dvrvyos jvia reivas,
Aiveiao 8° énat€as xad\izpyyas trrous
e&éhace Tpdov per’ evxrjpu8as "Ayarovs,
Same ieee spe aikande xanliatone
Tie Sunduxins, Gre ol pperiv dprea yom
vauoly én phagupfow dad. atrdp 3 4 Fpos
dv trnow émBas Cha? jvia ovyaddserra,
alla 5é TedclSqv peOete xparepdvuyas tous
Diomed pursues and wounds Aphrodite.
Uipepnie: 8°80 Kéap dagyero, vyhde aed,
yrymtanar, 82° evoke. dqv. Gabe, 0082. Gedov
tdwy, at 7 dvdpay wédepov Kara Kovpayéovow,
ovr’ dp’ “A@nvain ovre wrodimopPos “Evuch
NN! Ere. Bf 55 txtave wohbo. cal?) Suihaw OudLon,
FIFTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD 103
G00" exopetdpevos peyathipov Tuddos vids
dxpyy ovrave xeipa perddpevos 64 Sovpt
GBdyxpyv: Bap 58 dépv xpods dvrerépyoey
dpBpociov id wérhov, dy of xdpures kdpow abrat,
Tprpvor Umep Oevapos. pe 8" du Bpotov ala Beoio,
ixdp, olds wép re pee paxdpera Peoirw*
od yap cirov éSovc", ob mivovc’ailora olvov-
Tovver’ dvaipoves cigt Kat dOdvaror Kkaddovras.
% 8 wéya idyoura amd &o KapBadrev vidy-
kal rov pev ped xepow epiaoato PoiBos "Amé\hov
Kvaney vedehp, po Tis Aavady rayumdhov
xadkoy évt oriPeror Bardw ex Oupdy edovro-
1p 8’ dri paxpov duce Bory dyalds Avopydns:
“dune, Aws Ovyarep, tohéuov cat Smoriros-
H oby dds, Grr yuvairas dvdAmBas rrepomeders
ci 82 oi y' es roeuor mwdyjoea, Fé a” diw
pryjrey modepdy ye, eat ef y” erépwt mila.”
Gs ébab’, % 3° adioue’ amePijoero, teipero 8” alvds.
Aphrodite returns to Olympus on the Car of Ares.
aio) pdosdp' "pts. Nola’ woBifverios. ay? GeLdov.
axPoperny sbivpot, peAaivero 6 xpda Kahdv.
Piiscadceacie le ieysiees eparceen Meapoest Spina
Tpevor, Hep. 8” eyyos éxdkduro wat tayé” Tere
[Bal edE epurotes) Kécrynfrolo “éfhole
Taha Mocopévn xpvodprucas yreev Emmous-
“ide xaciyunte, xopurai ré pe, Bd¢ 5¢ por temovs-
Bap" ts Ohypwor teyscs, b'/ ABavdraw dae, dorks
Aaqv dyPowas hxos, 6 pe Bpords odracey dinjp,
TudelSqs, ds viv ye wal dy Au warpl padyorro.”
Gs paro, rH 8" dp’ “Apns Saxe xpvodyrunas trqovs.
104
870
975
385
890
OMHPOY IATASOS E
9 8° és Sidbpov EBawer dxnyeuéimn dirov Frop,
wap S€ ot “Ips (Bawe nal Hvia dAdLero yepoiv,
Fen beni Ss Okina aioe décovre aed Oive
alja 8” ere ixovro Oey Sos, aitiv “Ohvprov~
G0 Exrous eoryce rodyjvenos akéa “Ipes
Misencidh bybailanan Siedjipsevens Beker SoBe
Biota ae rpatiades intave: Audiye /Bo TABS
pytpds eis: 4 5° dyxas ehdLero Ouyardpa Hy,
xetpi ré pu narépeter, Eros 7° ehar’ &e 7° dvopater
Inridved are toute Spcten ii ho eat Open dee
ponding, os ef te Kandy pelovoaw évory;”
Aphrodite complains of her Treatment by Diomed.
ry 8" jpeiBer’ Ererra didopperdys *Adpodiry:
“obra pe Tuddos vids trepOvpos Arouiydns,
ovvex’ éyd pidoy vldv' tmebépepor’ rohguovo
Dieta tis ie torte hi aplhc teerced
ob yap é Tpawy xat “Ayaray pitoms airy,
BAN ictay Nescioktye inal adcatrvueninacceral
ashe Bi shellac) Caceral Ate Beer Belang
Wrerhatly, wbevow 85h, Kab 2pceryes -eybopér eps
wodhot yap 3} thier 'Odvpma Scar’ exovres
ae evany eahGertehye eer 'ehnadern eae
TAH pev “Apys, ore pur “Qros xparepds 7° "Ededdrys,
maides “Adwhos, Spray kparepa evi Scope:
xadnée 8° & nepdup 8Bero tpirnaidexa pivas.
pukivé ete do da Sknaxe “Apis saroe we Ohdaae
igh emrpan wepuced ae Hip Bea
“Eppta efijyyake 4 8° éécrebev “Apna
ES RENE WUE TIT
thi) 8" “Hn, Gre pw Kparepds mats ‘Auderpiovos
895
40
415
FIFTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD 105
Befirepav Kara paldv durrp rpryhdxure
BeBdijree- rére xai puv dvijxerrov \dBev aryos.
thi 8’ ABs ev rotor medapios dKiv durrdv,
cbré puv wirds dinjp, vids Atds alydyoro,
&y wiho &y vexteroe Bahay ddivyou Barer.
airap 6 BH mpds Baya Ards Kai paxpdy “Ohyurov
Kip axéav, d8bvyor merappévos,. adrap durrig
dpe eu orBap@ jrjraro, xpde 5e Oupdy.
rp 8 et Nawjov dSvviphara ddppaxa rdooow
eévar’: ob pev yap v1 Karalvyrés ye rérvKro.
oxerrwos, SBpimocpyds, os otk dHer atovha pela,
bs ré€orw exnde Beovs, of “Ohupov Exovorw.
cot 8° éxt rodrov dvijne Ded, yravxdims ‘APrj»n-
viyrios, obde 7d olde Kara dpéva Tuddos vids,
Grr pd’ ob Syvatds, ds aHaveroure payyras,
obBé ri pw maiBes mori yowvacr mamndlovew
édbvr’ dk wodduoro Kat aivijs Syiorfros.
1G viv TudetSns, el wal pdda Kaprepds dorv,
dpatéoto, pif ris of dpeivaw oeio pdynrar,
pH Sip Alyiddaa wepibpor “ASpnoran
€ invov yodwra didous olkijas eyeipp,
kovpidiov nobéovea méaww, rav dpurroy "Aya,
1bOiun Broyos ArouyASeos ixwoSdpo.."”
Aphrodite's Wound is healed. Athena's Jest.
F pa xal dpdoréppow adr’ lyd yepds dudpyvy-
aero xeip, ddivar Se Karnmdavro Bapeia.
ai 8° abr’ doopdwa "APnvaty re al “Hpy
keproplos enéero Aia Kpoviiny épétilov.
rot. 8¢ uiPuw Apye Ged, yAaundmis “APriry-
“Zed mdrep, pa ri moe xexoharent, Grr xew eira;
106
426
430
435
440
445
4
OMHPOY IATAAOS B
para $4 rwa Kimpis “Axauddor ancoa
Miiaeteditnalta saa rraaecel eceplooiatorret
rant rive. appear i AryailaBan! aemea haar
mpos xpurén wepsvy KarapvEaro xeipa apatyy.”
ds dro, petSnoev 82 warjp dvdpav te beady te,
Fablfin eaNecrrdyceae apearhey yportye DAd posers
ine aes apeow ceased, (S&Borat ce ukaareed evel
GAG ot y' iwcpoerra perépyeo epya yaporo,
Taoeal Beh pio) kal AG tig indore poate
Aeneas it assailed by Diomed, bat saved by Apollo.
ds ol piv roiaira pds adAifhous dydpevay,
Atveig 8° érépouce Bony dyabds AropySys,
yeyvdaxuv, 6 of abras tmeipexe yetpas *Amd\Awv-
ad 6 yf dp’ ob5e Oedv peyav aLero, tero 8? alet
Alvelay xreivar kal dm xhura reiyea Biorat.
tpis pév ener’ erdpovoe Karaxrdmevae peveaivor,
apie 8d ob torupidhike’ dacvqu-don(8?) "Axddhaw:
aN’ Gre 5) 1d réraprov exécovro Bayou laos,
Bava 8° spoxdjoas mporepn éxdepyos “AwEANur:
KGodleo; Tubein, wal yaLen, jnde- Pectorws :
ot sale chfowban/ dered 'aSl-nare) pohen Speco
aDeavarten v4 Vase paical aieoniboe tunel pauls
ds dro, TuSelSns 38° dvexdlero rurbiv dnicoo,
Peppeal dbekivk oct engr a Galant Aa eh ser)
Atvelavid iaecrepbes! Si0houi Opies saath haw
Tlapryangstslecieaepasoniedl wate ee eer
H ro Tov Antes re wai “Aprepis toyéaupa
& peydhy Bore dxéovrd re wiBauvdy re:
airap -\<ibodor. reat") dpyupérokos “Amé\uy
cing 1 Alveig Ixehoy xai redyeoe roior:
455
470
475
FIFTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD 107
dui 8° dp’ ctdddpy Tpies xai Stor Ayast
Bfjow eddpav dust orfBeror, Bocias,
dowidas eimixdovs haoyed re mrepoerra.
Ares, roused by Apollo, takes Part in the Battle.
$i) tore Oowpov “Apna mpoonida DoilBos “AméMov-
“TApes, “Apes Bporodovyé, praupdve, revxeoumdyjra,
oix dv 5) 76v8" dvbpa pans epiioao pereddciv,
NeBdBqn, bs. viv ye nat dv Sed ararpl pdxouro;
Kinpida pev mpara oxeddv ovrace xeip’ ent Kapa,
ebraptuntlah ® peas exsporura) Sollee lesa
ds eady abrds pty edelero Mepyduw akpy,
Tp@as Se orixas adhos “Apns arpuve peradfdv
Bdpevos “Axdpavre Bog iyjrope OpyKar.
vidou 6€ Tprdpoto Siorpepéeroe KéAever*
“@ viets Upidpowo Siorpepéos Bacdjjos,
és ri Er wreivertar ddoere habv “Axasois;
Bods 6 xev dpdi midys evrovjryot pdyovrar;
Keiras danjp, dv 7° Terov érioner “Exrops diy,
Alveias vids peyadsjropos “Ayxicao-
GAN’ dyer’ ex ddoieBow cacicoper éoOddv Eraipov.”
Sarpedon taunts Hector with Lack of Spitit,
sis clad dirpwve pévos Kal Oupdv éxdorov,
0 ab Yaprnddv pdda vetkere “Exropa dSiov-
“"Exrop, wp i to wévos olxerai, 6 aply exeoxes;
Ege ercin Srep hedis sarin 2eduey AB) rch
olos, civ yapBpoior Kacvyyfrocl re coiew:
tov viv ob tu’ éyd iSdav diay’ ob82 vojora,
BIN beicherssnvenna Rioeebatendndts a Sees
jets 8" ad paydpeot", of wp 7 erixovpo eveper.
ws
450
436,
490
495
OMHPOY IATASOS EB
ral yap éydy érixovpos éov pdda mHAdOe Hea
tHhod yap Avxin, Edvly em durjevre-
GP droydv re didn» Edurov wal wjmow vidr,
«a5 82 krjpara woAAd, td tr’ eASerat, ds x’ emdeuys~
da Kat ds Auxious drpiva cal péuov’ abrds
dvipi payjoraca drap ob ri por evbldSe rotor,
oldv x° He deporer "Ayal 7 Kev dyoev.
Tim 8" <orqnas, drip ob8? ddow Kededes
Ractow pevéwev Kal dpvrépevar diperow~
By THs, ds dilior Aivou dAdyre wavdypov,
dvipdor Sucperéerow Eup nal xippa yernobe:
a VR g NS SEG ema ae, APES,
got S€ xpi rade mavra péhew vixras re Kai Fuap,
dpxods Mooopévg Tyrexherav éexikovpow
Bebe earhe cael oareprie haar ota Lan ietefers
‘The Trojans rally. Aencss returns.
ihe iro Lepage, Bixe 88 iporas Baropuiuibon
Rebeton SWde/ Sybase liaimined vac divarvenane
né\\ww 8° 6&a Botpe xard orpardy @yero mavry
orpivey paxérarbar, éyepe 5 dvhomw alinjy.
ot 8 edeAly@noay Kal evayrion érrav "Aya:
*apyeica 8” drducway doddtee. ob88 SSBnC Or
ds 8’ dvenos dyvas hopéa lepds nar ddwds
dvBpiv Mepovtaw, Gre re Eavby, Anpoprnp
xpivy éreyoudvor dvéuar kaprov re Kat ayvas~
ai 8” Swohevaivovrat éxuppunl+ Sy rér° “Axatol
Kesnot Sepile!nytvenro) novurdhep, us iat etree
obpavdy és moktxadkow énémdwyor 76565 Urn,
ab drypcryopevar- ind 8° dorpedow Arioxijes-
af 8 pos xapav tbs dépov. dadt 82 antera
a0
616
620
FIFTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD 109
Ooiipos “Apys exddube pdyy Tpderow dpryav,
mdvrog’ énotyueros, rov 8° expaiawer eheruas
PoiBov "Amd\dwvos xpuoadpou, ds uw dveryew
Tpooy Oupdv eycipar, ge Te Madddd? *ADjyny
olyopémy: 4 yap pa wédev Aavaciow apnywr.
airés 8° Alvetay pdda ziovos ef adiroo
Axe, xal ev ariferci pévos Pare women haiiv.
Alvelas 8° Erdpowre peBiorato’ toi 5&8 ydpyoar,
dis clSov Cady re wal dpreuéa mpoovsrra
irak jibvon SeOMEe. Syarrusl pared doris pe nee vara?
ob yap da mévos dddos, év dpyvpdrofos éyeiper
“Apns te Bporohovyds “Epis tr’ duoror pepavia.
‘Phe Achacans await the Trojans.
rods 8° Alavre Siw Kal ‘OSvords kai Aropydns
erpyvov Aavaods roheputeuev of Se Kat abrot
obre Blas Tpiwy imedetdioav ore iwxds,
GN’ euevov vehéhynow eouxdres, as te Kpoviow
Pylcsitnet Ernpous eds powiousts speaate
Saepebisset| Spel eitipae) plan Bape mall ti hae
laxpedv dvéuwy, of re vépea oxiderta
mropjow ANyuppat Sackdvacw dévres-
Gs Aavact Tpdas pevov cumedoy ode deBovro.
*hrpeting 8° dv’ Suitov Zholra wohha wedeiow
Warp thok «Adtpes (Gave aeal Dcijiay: drop /ehsrbe
BR Aloes at ciBAahe hard sparen eploasl
opitnans Bid pi’ ghdowes’ orhon 2 wtpawtas
devydrrax 8” ovr’ dp Kdéos dpverar ovre res BAW.”
7 xat dxdvrwe Soupt Pods, Bare 8 apéduov dvSpa,
Alveia Grapov peyatiiqov, Anucdavra
Hepyaciiny, dv Tpaes dpas Upidpoo réeerow
110
oa
&
650
656
500
OMHPOY IAIASOS EB
Tiov, eet Bods fone pera mpdrroor payeoOar.
tov pa Kat dowida Soupt Bdde xpeiow "Ayapeuvov-
4 8 ode eyyos épuro, Biarpd 52 eiraro yahxds,
vaaipy 8° &v yarrpi Ba Cooripos éharoer.
Sovmnoey 5é ready, dpaByce 8 tedye én’ airg.
‘Aeneas slays two Achacans, bat yields before Menelaus and
Antilochus.
&vb! abr’ Alvetas Aavadw fhev dvdpas dptarous,
vle Atoxdjos Kpyduvd re "Opoihoydn re,
Tov fa warhp pev evar cuxricvy el Pnp7
ddveds Brdroco, yevos 5° Ju ex worayoio
“Adpeiod, (864° ebpd Ada Tivdlaw Ba’ yalps,
és réker’ “Opaidoxov nodteco” dvSpecow dvaxra:
"Opathoyas 8? dp” erumre AtonAjja peydOvpov,
éx 5é Avokdijos Sibupdove waide yevérIny,
Kpyj@ar “Opaidoxds re, paxns & elScre mdéons.
7O pev dp’ iBjoavre perawdov ext vyav
“Duo de radon dn "Apyelourv &réaOqy,
riypiy “Arpelins “Ayapueavorn cal Mevehdw
dprupéa- rd 8° abl réhos Bavdrovo xadwbev.
alas inh pe Aden Sato s Ben Vcopud gaa
éxpadhérny i7d pnrpt Babeins rapheow vdys-
70 pev dp’ dpndlovre Boas Kal ipa ppda
oralpods avOpanav Kxepatlerov, obpa nat aird
avSpiv dv mardunor Karéerabey dh yarko:
roim rd yxeiperow bn" Alveiao Sapévre
néerwerdryy: dcdeporii>. Zouctnes: tha hijonw:
70) 5@ merdvr’ dhénrey dpniqudos Mevédaos,
BH Be Bia mpopdyow KexopuO eros aifom yarxo,
aeiov eyxeinv rod 8” drpuvey pévos “Apns,
670
OTS
FIFTH BOOK OF THE [LIAD im
7a dpovéwr, tva xepoly v2’ Alvelao Sapein.
tov 8° ev "Avridoxos peyabipov Néoropos vids,
Bi 82 5a xpopdyave wep yap Ble open hadv,
pH te waBor, péya 8€ odas drordyjhae mévo.o.
TO pev dy xeipds re Kat eyxea dEvoerra
drior ankihasn Gyro pennies jabjeo ta,
*Avrihoyos 82 paid’ dyye tapiotaro open hady.
Alveias 5° ob peive, Bods wep dy morewurrys,
dricier late diareiampiaUuikaay wacere:
ot 8° éxei ofy vexpods epvoary pera hady "Aya
Ta pev dpa Sard Baréerny & xepolv Eraipar,
airdl Balaspebdore were iaperoc jlaxto Oars
6a Wvrarpévea ehérqy drddavroy “Apne,
apxdy Nadpdaysver peyabiper domorduy:
row pev ap’ "ArpetSns Sovpixherds MevéAaos
Brreda? yet, vibe, xara cna. ruxhoas:
*Avriheyos 88 Mu8ave BEN" svloyor ‘Bepdwovte,
éoOhov "Arupmdiny, 6 8° uréotpepe poivuyas trmous,
Sep NsEGh tynivaradiee luércast eed ialea dear
Gola. Nese’ Adpavri Yana) aéror 2v. xevlpow.
"Avrikoyos 8° ap’ éraikas Eicher Aare Kopony,
Gitap Siy) detain uepyéss) tener Sibpou
xipBayos év xovigow él Bpexpdy re wai dpovs.
EiPd. eX dort, oye yep ff dudBowo Babetne,
Opp’ trmw mryéavre yapai Bddoy dv xovinow,
rods Twas’ *Avtihoyos, pera be ovpardy Hhac’ “Ayady.
Before Hector and Ares Diomed bids the Achaeans yield.
tabs 5°" Exrmp évdnoe xara orixas, dpro 5” dx’ airads
Kewhyyds’ dua 5é Tpdcov exovro ddhayyes
xaprepai fipye 8° dpa oduw “Apns kal mér’ “Evvei,
112
610
615
OMHPOY IAIASO3 E
} pee Exovea KvBoydy dvaida Snrorijros,
“Apys 8° ev maddpyoe meddprov eyxos évdpa,
thoira 5’ dhhore pev pool” “Exropos, Ghdor” dmuoaBev.
tov Be i8dv panee Body dyabds AvopySns.
ds 8° Gr’ dvpp ardAapvos, idy mohdos mediow,
onjy en’ cxupdy worap@ dhade xpopéovre,
Adpd poppipovra idv, dud 7 pay dricow,
ds tore Tubetins dvexalero, elaێ re Lage
“@ diror, olov Si Aavpdlouer "Exropa Siow
aixpynryy tr euevar wal Oapoadéov roheporyy:
7O 8° ale mdpa els ye Octiv, ds Aovydy dudve
kal viv of mapa xeivos “Apns Bpord avipi eourdis.
Ghkd. apds TpHas terpappevor ale dxicrm
elxere, nde Deois peveaweper The pdyerOar.”
ds dp’ ébn, Tpaes Se pada cyedov Wrvbov abrav.
&f" "Exrap Sto pore xatéxravey eiddre yapyns,
ely évi Bibpw edvte, MevéoByy “Ayyiaddy re.
ta Se merdet éhenoe péyas TeAapdvios Alas +
GPTIS2 HAL: Eppes ta el Skerries Soupl ganas
nal Bader “Audiov Leddyou vidy, 3s f° del Taueg
vate TouKTHwr mohvArios, dhAd € porpa
iy’ entxovpyvovra pera Mpiapndr re wai vias.
rév fo. xard Yoorfipa Bader Teapdwos Atos
veaipy 8° év yaorpl adyn Bodtydonoy eyxos,
Sovrnoer 52 mercw. & 8’ énddpape faideos Alas
valiyea evlojony- pies 8° Pad Sadpar? Spevdy
dtéa tayupavéwvra’ odxos 5’ dveBéEaro wohhd.
avrap 6 hak mpooBas ex vexpod yaAxeor eyyos
eowdaaz’- ov5' dp’ é&’ d\ha Sunjoaro rebyea Kaha
Gpouv addehérBar: enelyero yap Bedderow.
Scice 8 Gy dudiBacw Kparepiy Tpdaw dyepdyar,
026
oS
FIFTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD 113
ot mohdoi re Kal éofdol ébdaracray eyye Exovres,
ot é péyav rep eovra wat ipPipov Kal dyavov
dav db oneiov: 6 52 yarodpuevos wehepty Oy.
Tilepolemus and Sarpedon fight.
Gs of pév movéovro Kara Kparepyy bopivyy-
Thytddenov 8° ‘HpaxdetBny iv te péyay re
pow tr’ dvrilée Saprnddvu poipa Kparary.
ot 8° dre 3) oxeddv Horay ex’ aAdyjAovww lévres,
vids & viavds te Awds vehedyyeperao,
tov Kat TAnrédenos mpérepos mapas pifoy emer
“Saprypdov, Aveiwy Bouvdnbépe, ris ror dvdyen
ardacay evbd? ebm pdyns aSaxuon purl;
Wevdopevar 8€ oé act Ards ydvor alysyoio
clas, éwel rohhav Keivay émBeveat avdpar,
ot Atis efeyévavta ext mporépay dvlpdman~
GAN’ ofdy tivd dhacr Binv “Hpaxdneiny
dua, cuiv rarépa Oparypéuvova Ovpodéovra,
6s more Seip’ eMOdv dey’ Trrwv Aaopédovros
8 ofgs atv rnvot Kal dvSpdor mavporépoumw
Plow taddmage wédw, yipace 8" dyads:
got 52 Kaxds pev Oupds, drodPriPover 52 havi.
Ob8é rf ce Tpueoow dlonm ahenp GrerBas
é\Odvr’ ex Avxins, ob8" et pdha xaprepds éoor,
GNX’ in” duol Sunlérra mhas ‘Aibao mepyoew.”
ziv 8 a3 ZapmyBdv Aueiov dyds dvriov 58a:
“Thoyrthep’, rou. xcivor, dadheres “Duo Inv
dudpos adpadigow dyavod Aaopedovros,
bs pd pur & épfavra xaxp nvirare pity,
008? drédwy’ Trmous dy elvena rhdfer HOw,
gol 8° dyad ebdde dpi dovov Kai wijpa pédavar
14
#70
675
OMHPOY IAIAAOS E
& eudder reikeaOar, Gus 8° tnd Sovpi Sandra
exos uot Sdoav, poy 8" "Aid wAvrowdhg.”
Sarpedon is wounded; Tlepolemus is killed,
Gs ddro Sapmnicr, 6 8° dvéryero pecAwov eyxos
Thyrdhepos’ nal trav wey dpaprp Sotpara papa
ee xapav Hgav- 8 piv Bdder abyéva pdewov
Lapmnddr, aly 5 Scapmrepés FAO’ ddeyevj,
rov 8 nar’ dbbadluay epeBevvy wE exdduper-
Thyrédepos 8 dpa pqpdv apurrepdy. eyed paxpp
BeBryxew, alypi $8? Biéeovro paipowoa,
boréy eyxpiudieioa, warp 8° é hovydy duuvev.
of pividp’ duriBeov Zapayféva. Bia. daipae
e£ehepov mohéuovo- Adpwve Bé yw Sépv paxpo
Anduevovs 73. jdv-od nie Eredpdoar’ obBe veneers
pnpod eepioa. Sépu peihwovr, Gpp’ émBaty,
orevdovrar roov yap Exov wévoy dudiérovres-
Tigréheaow 8" érépuler koewiuiBes *Ayaut
eéhepoy wodduowo- vénoe 88 Bios Odurceds
thijpova Ody exav, palanoe 8¢ of pidov Frop-
Odysseus slays Seven Lycians,
pepuyipge 8° éxara nari dpéva wat ard Ovpsy,
4 mpordpa Ards vidy epryBovrot0 Buaieos,
4 5 yc rav wredrov Aveiay dwd Oypdy edoiro.
088" dp” OSvocye peyahrrops jedporpov Fer
1POpov Aide viv droerdpey 4 akg:
To pa Kara mhyOiv Aviiav rpdae Oypdv *ABzvn.
&0" 5 ye Kotpavov eldev "Addoropd re Xpopiov re
*AdxavSpév F “ANidy te Nowpord re Uptravty re,
kai vi K'nér. mdéovas Avxiov xrdve Sios "OBveceds,
FIFTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD 15
x0 et pi) dp” SEb wénore péyas Kopuilatohos "Exrap.
BA 82 Sia wpoudyaw KexopuOuévos aifom yahk@
Seiwa pépav Aavacicr xdpy 8° dpa of mpoctdvre
Zapmnddv Awds vids, Gros 5’ dhodudvdy deren
“Tipcayldy, wy 8x} pe Oop Aavacieur édoys
685 KetoBar, GAN’ érdpuvov: erard pe wal Aion aldy
év wihe dperépy, evel ain dp’ euehdov eya ye
vooriaas oikdvde hidnv es marpida yatav
eippavéaw Ghoydv re pidny wat vijmov vidy.”
Hoctor and Ares again drive the Achaeans.
as daro, rov 8° ov Te mpowédm Kopvbatodos “Exrap,
090 GAG waprifer Achonuévos, obpa rayirra
doa’ *Apyelous, zohéav 8’ drs Oypdv edocro.
ot pev dp’ dvrBeov Saprnddva Siot Eraipor
doay in’ aio Aids mepuxade dyyd-
de 8° dpa'of pypod Bépu jelhwor doe Oipake
005 [hOipos Medcdywv, 5 of bidos Fev ératpos:
riv'B 2dure Yancy, ward 8° bbGadpay nar” Exo
atris 8 dumviviy, wept 52? avo) Bopéao
Céype émnvelovoa Kaxirs Kexadnéra Oupdv.
*Apycion 8° ix’ "Apme kai "Exrope xadxoxopvory
10 ofre word wporpémovro pedaivdaw end var
etree drrépipovro’ péypy adh? -aldy, Satarrie
xalorl, os eriPovro pera Tpderow “Apna.
Bla tive ‘upton, ra. 3° Soraroy: terdpbaw
Se See
705 dyriBcov TedOpavr’, ext 88 adxjEurmov "Opéorny,
Tpiysy 7! alyuyriv Alrddioy Otvduady re,
OlvouiSqu f° "BNevov kal 'OpéePiov aloNoulrpyy,
bs f° dv “TA vaicoxe péya whovrovo pepnddis,
116
70
716
720
726
730
135
OMHPOY IAIASOX E
ipa Kerhiypdvos Ky puribi: zap 8é of dddor
vatov Bowwroi, wdda miova Stor cxorres.
‘Hera and Athena prepare to go to the Field.
rods 8° us oby evdnoe Bed, heuxddevos "Hpn,
"Apyeious bdéxovras evi Kparepp topivy,
abtix’ "A@qvainy érea mrepdevra mpoomida~
“& wémor, alyoyoro Ads rékos, drpuravn,
9 Pp adoy rov piOov inéornuer Mevedaw,
“Duov exaépoavr’ euretyeov dmovéeo Oar,
a otra patverba. édoopev obhov “Apna.
GAN dye 33) Kat vin peddpuela Bovpidos adxijs.”
as dhar’, ovd' dxiOnce Bed, yaveams APjvy.
4) pev exoryouéom xpvordumxas evruev Urmous
“Hpy zpérBa Bed, Ovydrnp peydhoo Kpdvowo-
“HB 8 dud! dydeoor Poss Bade kapmiha wind,
Seibens Bavibeqyies cn Syphyl above: Adle
tov F ro xpuoey trus apOiros, airap trepber
Xahke dricrwrpa mporapnpéra, Oadpa iéoPar-
arpa 5 dpytpou cdot wepidpopo ducborépaber.
Sippos 5% ypuerou kal dpyupéorow fpaow
évrérarat, Soral 8€ mepiSpopo dvrvyés low.
rou 8° €€ dpyipeos pupos wéAev- airap én’ axpy
Bijoe xpioeov addy {uydv, ev 82 Méradva
Kan’ Bode xpioa ind. 82 Luydy Fyaye “Hen
iwmovs axvmoSas, pepavi’ epidos wal auras.
aBrdp *ABqvaty -eobpy Aide: abyidyeno
wérhov pay naréyever darby rarpds. én” of8e,
arian thon) Gri Simbad omorfiracal acid Re seb ere
82 yurav’ &eddca Ards vebehyyepérao
retpecuil de mbhenos Ouphaceros Bakpitarc.
70
mH
750
15
780
785
FIFTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD 17
dudi 5” dp’ dpourw Bdder’ alyiSa Oueavderray
Seuvyy, av mépe pev wdvry bdBos eoreddvarar,
év 3° eps, ev 8” adv, dv bé Kpudecrora loxy,
év b€ re Vopyein xepadi Sevoio weddpou
Sewn} re opepdvyj re, Ards répas alyidxoto.
part 8° ex’ dudidador kuvénv Oéro rerpadadnpow
xpuociny, exarov moXov mpvdceoa” dpapviay.
% 8" Syea Gdéyea. toot Pricero, hilero 8" Zyxos
Bpild péya or:Bapdr, 76 Sdpxnor arias avOpar
Hpdaw, totaly re Koréraerat SBpiywonarpn.
“Hpy 8¢ pdorey. Pods enepaicr’ dp’ inmovs-
airépara 5¢ mika pixov obpavod, ds Exow *“Mpar,
Ths emrérparra, péyas obpavds Ovduumds Te,
ev dvaxdivar wonwdy véhos 38" embeivat.
wh pa 5’ airdov xevrpnvextas Exov trove.
Hera secures Zeus’ Approval of their Plan.
edp0y 82 Kporlava: Oaduc drep Sycanon- alten
axpordry Kopudy modvdapddos OdAVpmono+
OD inmous grivava Hed, devKddevos “Hpy,
Ziv’ brarov Kpovidny é€e(pero nal mpooéamer-
Dr Sierdeen tot weutatiy “Apel rbermaprepe epee
eaiectiah raat ioion anglere eseOrAaiae
Hab, drap oF Kara Kdopov, Euot 8” dyos, of Be eenhor
sépmovras Kimpic re xali dpyupérofos "AadN Kaw
Gppova rovrov dvevres, ds ov twa olde Oduiora.
Baaaserecsi ch | bdlint) pide xe yadeeteanya tl eee epi
Rees en ory otal poner seen
Tip 8° drapaBdpevros mpooddn vededyyeptra Zais:
Setyisas ide iol troperoe tA Gypubje Ave ting
7 € pahwor’ ciwlle waxyjs Odvvyoe weAdfav.”
118
70
70
OMHPOY IATAAOS E
‘The Goddeeses reach the Trojan Plain. Hera shouts to encourage
the Achacans,
dis Ear’, ob8’ dxiOnore Bed, Neveddevos “Hpy,
paoritey 8° tmmous: ra 8" obk déxovre merérOny
peronyis yains re Kal ovpavod dorepdertos.
decoy 8” jepoabes dvip Bev bbadpotow
jpevos ev oxomy Acioowr eri otvora mévror,
tércov émbpdaKcovor Gedy tmyées Trou.
aXN’ Gre 8) Tpoiny lov rorapd ze péovre,
xe pods Sudas cupBddrcrov 752 ExdpavBpos,
&O imous érrmoe Ged, Neveddevos “Hpn,
Micac’ &€ dyéwv, wept 8° Hépa movdiv eyever
roto 8° duBpocinv Xipdes dverede vépecbar.
ra Se Bérny rpjpoor readadcow Wyal” dpora,
dvSpdow “Apycioow ddeEfuevar pepavias,
AN Gre By fp’ teavov, 60 mhetoro Kal dpurror
frracar, audi Binv Avopyseos imnodapoo
elddpevor, Nelovew fouxdres wpobdyoow
4} avot xdémpourw, tav te abévos obK ddarabvey,
&0a gras’ quo bed, Keveddevos “Hpy,
Erérrops civapeen pcyaryrope xadrkeopavy,
bs récov abdijoacy’, Goov dhhow revriKovra~
“alBds, ‘Apyetor, xd’ héyyea, elS0s dyqroi:
Shpa per és worcuov mwhérxero Bios 'AyiAAeds,
ob8€ more Tpaes mpd rvddeow Aapdandor
oiyvecxov: xelvou yap éSeiSurav dBpipov éyyos~
vp 88 dxds médios woihgs dat quot: wdyovras.”
Athena goes to Diomed.
ds eizoto’ Srpwve pevos Kal Ovpdy éxdotov.
TudelSy 5° erdpouce Bed, yrauniimis “APrry:
805
810
R15
FIFTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD 119
pe St rév ye dvaxra wap’ trroww nak dyerpw
Akos dvayniyovra, rd pw Bdhe Mdvbapos i.
pds yap pw érapev dnd mharéos reAapavos
dowiBes eixindou- 7G reipero, xépve 82 xeipa,
dv 8 foyxov TrAapava Keravedes alu’ dropdpyrv.
lnmeiov 82 Bed Luyod Hato pavnaey te-
“7 Odiyor of waida doxdra yeivaro Tudeds.
Tudeds ror pixpds pév envy S€uas, AAA paynnjs:
wai p dre wép pv éyd wodepilew ote ciarxoy
ob8" éxnahdooar,—ére 7° HAvbe word ‘Axaov
dyyedos és OyjBas mohdas pera Kadpetawas,
Baivobai pw dvwyov évi peydpourw éenhov,
airap 6 Oupov exav Gv Kaprepor, as To mapos wep,
xovpous Kadpelan mpoxahifero, wavra 8’ evixa
FigBiive-roty el, yee datrappolles ta
cot 5° roe pév dyad wapa 6 iorapar He pudidoow,
kai we mpoppovéws xéhopas Tpaeroe pdyerbas-
Add oe } Kdparos wokvmé yria BeBvxen,
9 vb o€ rov Béos loye dxypworv: ob ov y érara
Tvddos exyovds doar Salbpovos OivetSac.”
Diomed explains to Athena his Retreat.
PVE inapaiucros aipooéiy Kpaxépes Avocstns?
Ueiiecarenalita (an 162 patch adalat acc
riot wpopporkie, tplas dros. 88) bmuxekoras
ure ri we Béos toyer axrpioy ovre Tus dxvos,
DiNGs dra larson esoieedoncbeciatens des datcmlars
Sail ela wand paras Gacks \deruxpi pcan den
rois GAAois: drap ef ne Aves Ovydrnp ‘Adpodiry
Bg peril de a Aailnes orate ey Meares
rotvexa viv airds 7’ duaxdLopar 75e Kal dddovs
126
825,
#30
800
OMHPOY TATASO3 E
"Apyeiovs exéhevora ahrjuevar evildde waévras:
yeyrdokw yap “Apna wdyne dva xoipavéovra,”
Athena bids Diomed drive against Ares, and wounds him.
row 8° jpeiBer’ Grara Oed, yavedms *AOyvy-
“Tudeldy Atdundes, ud Kexapirpéve Oud,
poite ot 7’ “Apna 16 ye Seidift prjre rw’ ahhov
aavdrav- toin ror eydw enirdppolds etye.
adn’ dy? én” “Apm mpdirw exe pavuyas trrous,
ribov Be oxedinv und dleo Podpov “Apna
TovTov pawwéyevor, TuKTOv KaKdv, @AAoTpdcahor,
ds mpdnv pev euol re Kat “pp oredr’ dyopeian
Tpogl paxjrcrbar, drap "Apycioumny d&pytew,
vov Be pera Tpderow Suchet, trav 82 déhagra.”
ds hapéim Lévedov pev ad’ texan doe yapate,
xept rékw pica’ 6 8 dp” dupanréas axdpoverer.
4 8 és Sidbpov €Bawe wapai AvopySea Stov
eupepavias Bed peya 8° éBpaye dijywos dtov
Bpbocrivy Seu yap dye Hedy dvbpa 7 dpurrov.
Adfero 52 pdorvya wat jwia Madhds 'APyry-
airix’ x’ “Apye mpdrw exe poivvyas tous.
F roe & peév Tepipavra weddipioy eberdprter,
Airwhay dx’ dpiorov, "Oxnaiov d&yhabv vide
roy pv “Apys évdpite juaupdvos: airap "ADrjvn
Biv’ “ABos xuvény, yx} puv Bor SBpycos “Apne.
as 82 ie Bporodoryds “Apys Acopydea Siov,
Fires 8 ide Tepipavra- meXdpiay abr66 cacy
neterbass) GAL nepOrporieretviw Ubalruro Body.
airip dB pf LOds: ioy Bens tewoBdpoin.
ot 8 dre 8) oxeddy Foray én’ addrjAnow lévres,
npéabev "Apns cipééal’ bmép tuyiy ula 0 Trraw
870
875
FIFTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD 121
Spyet a huctgi pices ice 3) Ooplen thee tars
kal 76 ye xeipl AaBotira Ded, yhavkddms *AOrHryn,
dow inte Sippoo érdorov dixOjvar.
Sevrepos abl” dpparo Bory dyads Awpydys
eyxel xahxeiy: edpeure 5 Madhas *ADjvy
veiarov é5 Kevewva, OO. Levmionero pitpny:
49 (Be pier iobrairuyens Bea BS pba) Raho Siadery
éx Be Sépu omdoen abris. 4 8” EBpaye xdAdxeos “Apns,
bocor 7° evvedyihor ériayov 7 Sexdyrhor
duépes ee: wokiuah! toide\ Govd-yarres “Apo
robs 8’ dp’ id rpopos elhev "Ayaovs re Tpads re
Sefoavras- récov eBpax’ “Apys dros tohénoto.
Ares departs to Olympus and complains to Zeus.
Sey OU kiwaple faba) Gaberadate
kavpatos t& dvéuowo Sucados Sprupévoro,
rotos TudelSy Acoprdel yadxeos “Apys
datvel Spod vehderow tiv ets odpavdy ebpiv.
kaprahipws 8° ixave Ocdv Bos, airiv “OAvprov,
map 5 Ati Kpoviow xatélero Puypov dxetov,
Bare Bl sabcord leleial mare ppeeile ake
kai pf Ghodvpdpevos Erea mrepderta mpoomida’
“Zed marep, ob veperily dpav rade xaprepa epya;
alel ros love Beal rerkqdres ute
Dryjrow toryr, xdpur dvBperor hépovres-
gol mavres paxoperOa od yap réxes ddpova Kopny,
adonerny, f 7° aly dxfovha épya peunher:
Bihoe pl yep. wéwres, Soon Gextato® 8 ONiuerg,
iafixt awineCdarras ak Sabana Gu (eecror
ravrq 8° obs’ éxet mporuBddheat obre 71 epyy,
GXN’ duets, evel abris eyetvao maid’ didyhov-
122
800
805
OMHPOY IAJAAO3 E
Piva To8dos vibe tweppladon AiouySen
papyaiver dvénxer er? aOavdrouse Oectow.
Kinpida pév mparov oxedov ovrace yelp’ ent Kapra,
aitép gar’ abt@ po eréoovro Saipove Teos:
aa p brpvaxay rayées wddes* Fh té Ke Snpdv
abrod mimar’ éracxov &y aivgow vexddercw,
q xe ds dpevnvds ea xadxoio tumpow.”
Ares receives Slight Comfort from Zeus, but bis Wound is healed.
iri Bal Wacdlpall Dies arpoa they weber yepicea Bere:
“wr ro por, dAdomporadde, wapeldpevos puvripile.
Eiliares Bol potidacs, Gran, ob 7OXupaes Grove
aici yap rou épis te Gin méhewoi re paxar Te.
popes To pévos early dderyerov, otk emvexrdv,
“Hons: rhe pev éyad orovdy Sapynp’ erécow:
To o° biw Ketvns Tdde wacyew evverinaww.
TN RE SEE NE ere CM
etyip dned.yorse Covi, qucti Bei ve geouto! jaa
di 5é rev €& addou ye Oedv yévev 8° ai8pdos,
wai kev 5% adda Hoba evéprepos Odpandveav.”
GeiGidra,.ol Tacfop" dy Oped itnoaaton
Api8” Ei Tlanfuv Bomipare: ddpikeladoder:
[andres ob ily ydp te karabonrésiye eéroicral]
as B? Sr. bubs tha Needy | Sayers’ owergber
dypov éov, wdha 8’ Oka mepirpéperar Kuxdawre,
is \dpa| wapwahizet. krard Boipas hia
tov 8° "HB Aotoer, yaplerta Be cpata Grow:
wap 88 Ai) Kpoviam aldero ribet yalav.
al 8! airs mpds Stipa Ards peyddowo véovro,
“Hpy 7 ‘Apyein Kat “AXadxopernis “Abin,
natoaga, Bporodorydy “Apyy avdpoxracider.
OMHPOY IATAAO® Z%
ira 8° dp “AwSpoudxms «al “xropés der’ dapsrrds,
Colloquium Hectorewn narrat cum coniuge Zeta.
“In Zota, Hector prophesies ;
Praya for bis son; wills sacrifice,”
“Exropos Kat ‘AvSpopayns dpedia.
‘After the Departure of the Divinitios the Achatass prevail
Tpdwy 5° otcify Kat “Axarae dvdoms alvyj-
wohha 5° dp’ &fa Kai evi’ voe payn medio,
A jAov (Bvvopevav Yorxyipea Sodpa,
peronyds Sundevros le Zdvbow podwv.
Alag 82.apBros: Tehapdviog, encore "Axaidh,
Tpdav pate pdrayya, pows 8 erdpourw eyxer,
dvipa Badsiv, 85 dpurros dvi Opijxerwe réruKro,
Mii. Eucrcipei!Aeduave’ $00 re peyar. ie
tév p” éBare mpéairos xépuilos didhov trrodaceins,
SS aE Ep es
alyped) xaAneln: ray 82 oxéros Soe xdhube.
“Afuhov 8° dp’ Srebve Boy dyads AvopsiSne
TevOpavidny, os G&vaey everipevn ev ‘ApioBy
Eqns: BiSrowe, dthos 8! $v: deb peroure-
advras yap dudteaxa’ 886 &r olxia valow.
ATA Se ee yg
apoober wravruicas, GAN dude Oupae armipa,
cifray. «al Ccpdavera KaNyenoy, (es fa. 3i0" tania
fener idmvioyos: 70 8 duds -yatay eSirqy.
134
35
40
4
OMHPOY IAIASOS 2%
Apjoov 8” Eipiados xai ‘Opédriov eevipiter
Bi 82 per’ Alonrov nal MySacov, obs more wip
wyis "ABapBapén ré’ dpipon Bovkodlwr.
Bouxohiay 8° Fv vids dyavod Aaopédovros
mpecBiraros yevej, oxdriov S€ € yeivaro pajrnp-
rowpaivor 8° én’ dexor plyn diddryt. wal ebvp,
} 8 troxvoapery Sidvpdove yeivaro aide.
eed piece weasel ers) kad nec tmet e
Myxeornddns xal dx’ dipeov reiye’ eorvha.
"Aoriadov 8° ap’ érepve peverrodepnos ToAvmoirns:
MiSvrqv 5° 'OSvceis Mepxicrov eevdptea
Eyxe yadxeliy, Tednpos 8° *"Aperdova Biav.
"Avritoxos 8° “ABAypor éviparo Bovpt dacwo
Neoropins, "Edarov 8€ avat dvSpav ‘Ayapéuvow~
vate 8€ Larvdevros euppetrao map" 6yfas
TijSacov aimeuwrjy. dhaxov 8° Ede Arjeros pws
etyovr’ Biptmvdos Se Meddvbiov éevdprter.
,
‘Menelans takes Adrastus.
“Ad muror. 8" dp" Grara Bow eyabes Merthaoe
Pe oeuah a tanastpcp ck rol guheeien eet
Ste Ge Biapdrre’ prapralicn, Byeddov dpne
avd’ tapers uid airs ee eBaryy
pis! Uh Te wep Ob AANct are Gjlesoe lho Reoveee
abide Bi ek Bippto wapd «payer eeecohiody
moive & Rovljow tet ordi. wip Bell tory
"Arpelins Mevéhaos éxav Sodtydoniov Eyxos*
“A8pnotos 8° dp’ grata NaBay OdXlaoero yovray:
" Usyper, "Arpéos vie, od 8° afia Béar drowa-
ToAAd 5° dv ddvaocd marpis Keyra Keira,
Xarnds Te Xpuods re wohixpyrds re aiSnpos-
70
16
SEXTH BOOK OF THE TIAD 125
Trav K&y TH Xapirairo Tanjp dmepcion’ drowa,
af. wep du2 Cady cremiOour? eal’ vquaty *Axardy™
ds pdro, 7 8° dpa Ovpow evi oryPeoaw exeader.
nat 8% pur ray’ euehde Ooas émt vjas “Axaudv
Sécev ¢ Ocpdrovn xaragéuev: GAN’ "Ayapéuvow
dyrios #iOe Oday, Kal dpoxdjoas Eros ndba:
“3 wérov, & Mevédac, ri} 8 od wriBeat ovras
dvipav ; } col dpora wenotyrat Kata olxov
mpds Thao; rv pa tis drexdiyor alry bheOpov
xeipas 6° jperépas, und” dv twa yaoréps unrnp
Kodpor éovra hépor,— pnd" ds driyou—aAn' dua wavres
"IMov éEaroholar’ deySeoro. Kal ddavros.”
as cindy rapérarey aaAdaocd dptvas Hpos,
aioiwwa rapardv- 6 8° dnd Bev doaro xpi
jpa” “ASpyorov. iv 82 xpelow "Ayapéuva
otra Kara Aamdpyy: 6 8° dverpdrer’, "Arpetdns Be
Aa dv orjPen Bas eéorace pethwov eyxos.
Nérap 8 "Apyelonw eetehero paxpiy ddeas:
“@ iro. jpwes Aavaol, Gepdrovres “Apnos,
py Tus viv dvdpov em: Baddouevos perdmober
piwvera, Os Kev mreora hépav ent vijas Ueyras,
AN’ dvBpas xretvoper- Erera Se Kal ra éenhoe
vexpods dm weSiov avdyjaere revnaras.”
Helenus sends Hector to Troy, to order a Sacrifice to Athena for the
Satety of the City,
ds eddy drpwve pévos Kal Oupdy éxdorou.
hidla en bre Ni pies :denifithonr’ tx? “Arras
"Duoy doaveByoay dvadrnetgoe Sapévres,
a ph Gp’ Alveig ze at “Exrope crc wapacrds
Tptapidns “EXevos, olwvoréhav 6x” dpurros:
126
OMHPOY IAIASOS %
“Alveia te kat “Exrop, ére aévos typu pddurra
Tpdav cai Aveiov eyxéxhuras, obver’ dprotoc
naécap én’ liv dare pdyerbal re ppoveew re,
arn avrov, Kat Aaby épuxdxere mpd wuddaw
wdvry érorxopevo, amply abr’ év xepot yuvaKow
detyovras weréay, Sniourr 58 xdppa yertoOa.
airap émei xe pddayyas émorpivnroy drdcas,
Fmeis pev Aavacior paynodpel!’ abO pévorres,
“Sts Si A eS
“Extop, drap od moékwBbe perépyeo, elxé 8 Erara
pnrépe of Kai cups ¥ 8e Ewdyoura yepaas
ynov “APnvains yAauxdimbos ev woke axpy
otfaca xhytd O§pas lepoto Sdporo,
mérhov, & oi Boxee yapieotaros WE péportos
eva dvi peydpy Kai ol wohd pidrratos airy,
Siseieena a cecec at penton toa
piivct ade. peep sci Bookal Born) ele! tehion a
ues jxéaoras icpeveduev, ai n° chejory
dare re Kat Tpdav Gddyxous Kat vijma réxva,
ai xev Tuddos viov amdayn "Idiov ipijs,
Sree le ariel xpanip be Prrovepar Bseolos
ies egiientncancr cA yaa iaieeerioe
ob8 "Avoid sr08?. SBL 5? BeiBipen, Spyanen doBpawy
By wép oor Ocis teaperas add! S8e Aine
faleeras el Bi stn ol Seeavau pévos txapetieat
Hector rallies the Trojans
ds Shab’, "Berop 3 ob re Kacryrirw anibyce.
abrlca BLE Bybuts orbv netgear ales mca ales
wéddew. 8" 36% SoDpe' xara erpariy Syero wdery
orpivar paxéracba, gyape Be didomw alvjy.
10
6
120
SIXTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD 127
ot 8 ededixOnoav nal evavrin foray "Axa
"Apyetor 8° dreydpnoav, djjtav 82 hédvoo,
pay 8€ rw" aBavdrav ef oipavod darepderros
Tpwoiv adefjoovra xarebéuer’ ws héhuyDev.
"Extmp 52 Tpierow exéehero paxpdv déaas:
“Tpaes vrépOupor tmrexdeirol 7” erixoupor,
dvépes éore, itor, prjoacbe 3 OovpiBos ahxijs,
édp’ dv eyd Brij xport “Thuov 78€ yepovow
einw Bovevrjor nal jperépys adoyourw
Salioow dpfoca¥as, troaxéetas 8. ScoréuBas"
ds dpa pavjcas anéBy xopubaiohos “Extup:
appl 8é pw odupa tizre Kat atyéva Bépua Kedauvdv,
dvrvé 9 mupdrn Oder dowidos budadroérons.
‘Meeting of Glancus and Diomed.
TAadeos 5° “Irmoldyoio mdus Kal Tvddos vids
Ses kad Ondertaon\ruloye eranre nanteaar
of 8 dre 8) aoyediv Foay ex’ addjhourw ldvres,
roy mpdrepos mpogéame Bony ayalbs Atopidns:
“ris 86 ov éorot, bépore, natabyytaw avO para ;
ov yey ydp wor’ drama pdyy et xvdiavelpy
7) mpivs drap pev viv ye rohd mpoBéBnxas drdvrav
o@ Odpra, & 7 tudv Sodhtydamov exos Guavas-
Svorjvev Sé re waides epg peéver dvndworv.
el Bé ms dBavdrow ye Kar” ovpavod eidojovbas,
oun dv dyad ye Ccotow trovpaviowt paxoiuny.
ov82 yap ovde Aptartos vids Kparepds Auxdopyos
Siw fe, bs fa Oeoi» eravpaviourw eter,
65 more patvopévoio Avoricow rOyvas
ete kot’ pykieowt Nvctiov= /al!8": dunes
OicPra yapai Karéyevav, bx’ dvBpoddvow Auxodpyou
140
146
165
10
OMHPOY TAIAAOS Z%
Pewwiuern Bovehin: Audvwoos 8 hoBnids
Biol drds xard Kipa, Odes 8° inedéEato Kddrw
Sedidra- Kparepds yap exe rpduos dvbpds duordp.
rp pov) Sets”: BBveraune eat) cies Ceburres,
kat pw tupdrdov €Onxe Kpsvou wats: ob8' dp’ er. Sav
iv, tnd dbavdrocw dejyBero war Beotrw.
GBD" dy dyd puaedpecrs Beoiy. Wédouts. uéxertac
el 5é ris éaae Bpordv, ot dpotpns kapriv Bove,
door if’, as Kev Caavov bdBpou meipab” ina.”
The Family of Glaucus.
tov 8° adf ‘Inroddxoro mpooyiea paidipnos vids:
“Tubcdy peydbupe, ri} yeveh epecivers ;
aly wep gihhuy yore}, ralq 8¢ xal dvBpav.
didda 7a pév 7” dvenos yauddis yee, dra S€ P Thy
tydAduxra dre, expos 8" eneyiyverac dpy.
ds dvOpav yevei) i pev diet, 9 8" doohrjyer.
2B? Bela eal cadre Saxfeever, Shp" &. <lBGe,
iperepyy yeverw- moddot 8€ pw avbpes ioacw-
Zon mékis "Bd puy@ “Apyeos trroBérao,
2a i02 Liowpos dawer,.6: népBurros. per’ dvOpSn,
Ravdos Alodiéns: 6 8° dpa TAainov réxcB" vidw,
Garp Phatnos (erucrev Euduova Bedheooddoraw:
a GiBal Deatetiloy topline bceotg? sanarea i
aragray- avrdp oi Tpotros Kaka pyoaro Fund,
ds pf dx Srjpov Carcer, ércl word héprepos jer,
‘Apyelay: Zels ydp of trd cmjorpy Bduacco,
76 8€ yr} Mpotrou éreprvaro, St’ “Avrea,
kpirrraBlg) sbikérayres puy)panai=*dANO zOv.o8 ie
reid’ dyad bpovéowra, Saihpova Behdcpoddvryy.
4 52 Wevoapéry Mpotroy Baoikja mpoonvda~
16
185
SIXTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD 129
‘reBwatys, & Upoir’, 4 xdxrave Badepodéyrqy,
és Bw Behe didoryre peytipevar ob edoven.’
ds pato, tiv 88 dvaxra, yéhos ddBev, olov deoverev-
xrévae pév p’ ddéeve, eeBdooraro yap td ye Oupd,
mréurre Bé pew Auninvde, noper 8’ 6 ye orjpara \vypd,
ypdbas ev mivaxe arucrq Ovpodbdpa zohhd,
SeiEa 8° jreiye G mevdepG, Shp’ amddouro.
6 Bi Avxiqvde Oeay tn’ apipove roumy.
GAN’ Gre 5i Auxiny [fe Edvllov re péovra,
mpodpovéas piv riev dak Aveins edpeins:
évyjjpap feimoce nat evvéa Bods idpevorer.
GNA Gre By, Bente Wbecrny losobactalon "Bese
al rére yuv épéeve Kal qree ofjpa (SéoBas,
Orr. pa of yapBpoio rapa Mpotroo péporro.
abrap évet 5) ofa Kandy rapedéfaro yay Spov,
wpiray' {ids aX faspas a len iene eee tar ae
mepveper. 7 8° ap’ ev Odov yévos oS’ dvb parav,
apoabe héwy, omiber Se Spaxwv, péoon 8 xiparpa,
Sewwiv dromveiovoa mupds pévos alPopévoro.
kal Tv per xarémebve Oedv repdecor mOjoas-
Sesrepor ah Sodiouers. payoeures dee Aijtotral
eapriesgr Oil append Cate conerm te Dae
7) tpitov ab Karérehvev "Apaldvas dytiavelpas.
tH 8° dp’ dvepyopévm muxwdy Bédov dAdov Bhawer:
ipsavidn ‘Aoxins. eipdys, faren/ipanaes
ele Aéyov: rot 8° of tm md oikdyBe véovro~
wdyras yap rarérepvey ayvpee Beddepopévrys.
GAR’ Gre 5} yiyrucne Beow pee av tévra,
atrov puy mardpune, Sou 5° ye Ovyarépa Hp Wy,
Saxe 8¢ ol zyLHIs BacvinBos 3 rahe rides:
wat pev of Avni réuevos tayo efoxoy ahkwr,
130
195
205
210
216
220
OMHPOY TAIASOX Z
xaddy gurahijs Kal dpodpns, dpa véporro.
4 8° erene rpla récva Satfpon Beddcpoddery,
“IoavSpov re wai “InméAdoxov ral AaoSdpeay~
AaoSapeip pév mapedeEaro pytiera Zeds,
4 8 Sex” avrifeoy Lapryddva XaAxoxopuerrijy.
AN Abra Ch) iead etoes, kai Geroleae| ORccin
3 ro 6 Kan mediov 7d "Adyiov olos dharo
év Oupdv Karav, rdrov dvOpemav adeeivan,
“YoavBportbé int vide “Apes. ates wohtueio
Rapaducront ch iiors katteare Mack biotaee
thy 82 yohwoapérn ypuoruos “Aprejus éxra.
Gaachoyos 8" da true wali de. 50d) Gra yertohas?
aéawe 8€ x” es Tpolny, wal pou dda méhh? dxéreNrer
alts Spioreieis' ali drelpoyor dujevas: tie:
pnd yevos rarépww aicxuvener, of péy’ apioror
& 7 "Edipy eyévovto wal &v Aunty ebpety.
eee aie er ibeee
Glaucus and Diomed prove to de Old Friends. They exchange Arma
Bei tecoinrtuose sel Rovelc yobs Guieeae
Biaioe ae eon eu del Ocal seh uBorasem
airap 6, paliloun wpooyiba notre, Nase
$d ond juos Eeivos, waxpéebe, dot. wahaube®
Olveds yap wore Bios duvpova Bethepoparrny
Fecha doh ploy noroentieataeeate) samen eae:
be Sda ead id Nat howes wt pow | Gecorsiag cate
Olveds pév Cworjpa Bidov doixe dacwor,
Beddepoddvens Be xpiocov Béras auducireddoy,
vol paid) xeréharov tie br Souas mann,
eS Sap ee ea eS
Beeches Anz ulte cea dane tApalae!
230
246
SIXTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD 131
Te vow col pev eyd Eeivos dihos “Apyel péoorw
lpi, ot 8 ev Avxip, dre Kev ray Sypov ixapax
eyxea 8 AAMfRov ddechueBa Kat 6.’ Guidou-
mohhot pew yap euot Tpaes KAeiroi r° éricoupor
xreivew, dv xe Beds ye mépy Kal wore? mixeiu,
moddoi 8" ab oot *Axatol evarpéner, dv Ke Sirmar.
robxea 8 addj os erapcipoper, dbpa wal oide
yroow, or Edivor warpduoe ebiydpel!” elvas.”
ds dpa dovjoavre ral” inna difavre
xepas 7° Ady Auw AaBerqy Kal mordiavro.
Gf abre Thatinw Kpovidys dpévas é€édero Zevs,
bs mpds Tubetiqn Atopryiea retye duaew
xptorca yahkeiwr, éxaTouBor’ evveaBotww.
Hector bids Hecuba offer Sacrifice to Athena.
“Extap 8° as Yxards re wikas Kal dyyoy teaver
dud’ dpa piv Tpdav aroyo Pov 78e Piyarpes
elpopeva maidds Te Kaovyvijrovs te eras Te
kal méoas: 6 5° Grera Deots ciyeoba avery
ndoas cing: woddqoe Se xyde’ ébhwro.
aN ara Sop Tease Silene eae
PasecreselBobegt ners pds sabraetea Notre
mevrnKovr’ everay Badapor ferro \iBovo,
Sricyeitety ANG ieeS lions Sharad Sacer
Kopavro Tpidpoo mapa pamorys addxourw~
kovpawy 8° érépubev evarrion &vSobe abrijs
Soidex’ erav réycor Odhapos Ferroie hPaxo,
mpoioc @Mprow SSpqedvor Oa 82 yauxfpot
KoyparTo Tpitpoo wap’ aldoins ddoyoow.
Ga. of rymidSwpos evavrin HvPe prirnp
AaoBieqw dodyousa, Guyarpaw elSos. éplarqy-
132
270
OMHPOY IAIAAOY Z
& 7 dpa of pid yepi, éxos 7 afar’ de 7° dyduater-
“rékvov, tinte Mendy modepov Opacdv dydovbas;
} pda &) reipover Svodvypor ules “Ayariv
Hapodpavcs -weph deri: od 8" OcBe Cysiel donee
€MBdvr’ €€ dxpns wodkos Ait yelpas dvaryeiv.
ahha per’, obpa Ké Tor pretindéa olvov evetxw,
SS Ca eee
mpirov, Enea Be Kabrds drqccas, at xe winoba.
dvSpi 52 xexundre pevos péya olvos defer,
os Tivy KékunKas duiver colow érpow.”
rh 8° apeiBer erera péyas Kopvbatohos “Exrap:
Mpafipaiobior aeipehiekippates vatrria paep!
HH» aroyudeps, peveos 8” dhxjs te AdAapar’
xepot 8° dvimroww Ad defBeawv alBora olvov
GLopar ob8€ my ore Kehawehe Kpovion
aivare at WOpw werahaypévoy edyerdacbai.
aka ob pev mpds wndv ‘APnvains dyedeins
&pyco ov Ouécow, dodiccvara yeparas:
nérhov 8", és ris To xaptéoraros H5e méeyorros
éorw evi peydpy xal ror rodd pidratos abrp,
Tov Bes “AOnvains éxi yowvarw FuKduo.,
Kai ot trocxéabar Svoxaidexa Bods evi mg
ques jxeoras icpeoduer, ai x’ dhejoy ?
dory te Kat Tpdwy adoyous kal vyjma récva,
ai Kev Tudéos vidy dndoxn "Thiov ipis,
dypiov alypnriy, Kparepby pHpaotmpa doBoo.
2 od ply wpbs: vydo "AGguaine dyedelne
pxev, dyad 52 Idpw perededoonat, oppa xaréoow,
ai x’ €édyo" eindvros doveuer- ds xé of abl
yata ydvow péya yép pw ’OdMpumos Epepe mina
Tpwrt re cai Hpidpo peyadyrope roid re mary,
295
30
SIXTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD 133.
el xetvdv ye Boys kateb? “AiSos elora,
gainy Kev pirov Frop bilvos éxdehabécBat.”
Sactifice to Athena by Trojan Matrons.
ds eal, 4 8 porodoa worl péyap’ dudurddours
nékhero. rai 8° dp’ dé\\ocav Kata dory yepards,
air) 5° és Oddapov xarePyjcero «ydevra,
G6 fray ol mérhoe waproleho., épya yuvaixov
Xiboviov, ras abris "ANeLavdpos Beoed}s
Tyaye LwWovinber, emmds eipéa mévrov,
rhe 63dy, ju “Ehéony wep dvijyayer ebrarépeay.
Fi S! depandry “Exc Bq pepe Bapon “ABhvy,
Os nakhoros env roxihmacw 78e péyoros,
dorhp 8" dy deftauwes Scexro 82 velarog ddhies.
Bi 8 iva, roddal 5e perercetovto yepaai. —
ai 8° Gre vyiv ixavoy “Abijvns ev woke axpy,
Thor Oipas dige Beard Kaddurdpyos
Kioonis, ddoxyos "Avryvopos immoSdporo*
Ty yap Tpaes nxar “APnvains i¢paay.
RE Brishokuryg woes "ABjup yeas! akeryan:
48" dpa wéehov adodoa Oeavd KaNiuedpyos
ifees FAD valys tat iyotvabey undies
Ssponden! Se aparei Aids: ketpa) pepthexs:
digger "ADqvaly, footerodi, Sia Beda,
dkov 8 eyxos AtopySeos, 982 Kal airoy
arrnfestalitie ecricie Sealsalapox tenor aciXidass
odpa ro atzixa viv Svoxaidexa Bods evi ung
us jxéaras lepeiooper, ai n° ehejons *
oewlrateal iM acay GAS rosa erpuie wiueas
ds Spar’ ebyopén, dvdveve S¢ Maddas *APjun.
4
816
320
326
OMHPOY IAIAAOS @
Hector goes to the House of Paris.
ds ai per p° ebyovro Avds Kovpy peydouo,
‘Rersp td pi Bus’ ANebdo8 poo: BeBicets
xadd, 74 f° abrds Erevée abv dvdpdow, ot réz” dpurroe
Foav evi Tpoin épiPddaxe réxroves avdpes-
of of eroinray Addapov xai Spa Kal adhijy
eyyi0. re Mpidpow Kal “Exropos év méhe depp.
GO “Exrop, clophBe Buipthos, & 8" dpa yept
exos ey’ evBexdanxu- mapoe 5 Adyaero Sovpds
alypy xadxeln, wept 5é yptirens Pee mépxns.
tov 8° ebp’ ev Bardum mepixaddéa revye Erovra,
doriba xai Pcipyxa, Kai dyxiha 66" abéurra-
*Apyetn 8’ “Eheim pier’ dpa Byapon yuvactiv
Foro Kal dudirddoure mepuxhura épya Kédever,
tov 8 “Exrwp veneer iSdv alrypois éréecow-
i Ratha’, ob pidv ieahd yh x608", Gallen Oops
Aaot pev POuiPover wept wrdduv aint re redyos
papvdpevor- oéo 8° elven’ dury re mrddeuds re
dary 165’ dpidddne- od 8’ dv paydoaio Kai ddd,
bv rd rov pefevra Bois orvyepod roh¢uoro.
GAN dva, pi) raya doru mupds Syioio Oépnrat.” j
Paris promises to go forth to ght.
rv 8° alre apooéamen "AdéEavdpos Fcoadis-
“"Berop, érel pe az’ alvay évetxecas 08° Smtp aloa»,
rotverd row épéw ov 8é civbco Kal wey ekouwov.
oF ror ¢yd Tpdav réccov xsho obS8 vepéoon
Suny & Caddp, ero» 8° dyed mporpartoBas.
viv 8€ ye wapamodo” dhoyos padaxois éxteorow
dppno’ és worepov, Sond 8€ wor dde nai aire
— |
SIXTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD 135
Aekov doreafar. vin 8’ erapeiBerar dvBpas.
M0 GAN dye viv éipevor, dpiia tevyea Siw
FW, yo 88 peraus; nogicerBor B60 olen”
dis ddro, tov 5° of 7. rpooddsn xopuilaiohas Exrap*
rov 8° “Eddy pro mpoonida pehtyiourw:
“Saep eucio, Kwvds Kakounydvoy Sxpvodrons,
M5 ds pw’ Obed’ Huare tH, Gre pe mpdrov réxe perp,
otyer bar mpodhepovea Kari dvéuovo Oichda
eis Gpos # cis nopa tolupdcicBow Paragons,
sored ie nape a Gecrt oregon sialyl gerte ae
airap eel ride y' Bde Deol card rexprpavro,
360 dvSpds rer’ ddpeddov dpetvovos elvar dxoeris,
SigOH neNeotr re ead abaryen GAN vl eee!
zotry 8° ots" dp viv dpdves Euredor ovr" dp’ dnicoe
focovrat: TG Kal piv crapper Bar die.
GAN dye viv clrehde nai Leo rgd" eri dine,
$e Beep h dared exe jet Nucrven arSorad op pol sk be AB eee
ever’ ueio Kuvds Kai “AdeEdvBpov ever’ drys,
olow éri Zeds Oijne xaxdv pOpov, os Kai drivow
BO peimpxartowek elie Mager 2trapateoscte™
‘Hector refuses to sit down, He is needed on tho Battle Field, and
he wishes to see his Wife and his Child.
Thy 8° ipelBer’ Erara péyas xopvbaiodos “Exrwp*
900 “pap pe KaOil’, "BXérn, dudcoved mep> obS€ pe melas:
H5y yep po Pypos énéocuras, obp’ erapive
piers” at (ney ejieia wos Aweboroe Scover.
Gao AP spevl repress, traperband nat labroy
ds nw && G&rocbey woos Karapndpby <dvra.
Me Neatepit poe lateS" Neorg SppadBaqia
olijas dhoxér re diiny Kateactnoy vide:
Me
136
870
876
OMHPOY IAIAAOZ Z%
od yap 7 old", H eu odw wxdrpomos tomar airs,
H 78y po bd xepot Beol Sapdwow *Ayauiv.”
Hector goes to his Home, but Andromache is not there.
ds dpa onrjoas axéBn xopublaiohos “Exrup.
alja 8° grab’ tkave Sdpovs éb varerdovras,
a8" ep’ "AvSpopayny Aevecidevoy ev peydpoow,
GAN a ye div radi cai dudurddy euméth
mipyw eherrijxa yoswod re pypopém te.
Eerenp iBtielk: obk) rSon -Biniaopa weehenaKoeny,
earn én’ obdiw idv, perd 88 Spwpow cevrev-
“el 8 dye por, Suwal, vnepréa pvdjoacbe:
TH <Bn “Avdpoudyn AevedArevos ex peydporo;
Re iwip oe pahtear if etnartoun Comte,
i es “AGnvains éboiyerat, Ga wep dddae
Tppesal ach cieapuok Becrho | Gade. Didarxowrady”
tov 8” adr’ érpnpy rapin mpds ploy eemev~
“"Rerop, eel pa’ dvaryas ddyPéa pobjracGat,
ovre my és yarouw ovr’ elvarépwr éurérhuy
ovr’ 5 "AOnvains ekotyera, a mep ddha -
Tpwai evrddcapoc Sey Gedy thdoxovrat,
AN’ deb adpyor &Bn juépav "hlou; oSved: deme
relperOar Tpiias, péya 8 xpdros elvar "Ayadiv.
of jude Sip eepae! TeayoS ene jopieey: Spee,
pavoptiy eucitay pépe 8° dpa aida rifyjvy.”
Hector and Andromache meet near the Scacan Gate.
§ pa yur} rapin, 6 8 dxécouro Scparos "Exrap
Thy abriy d85v abris dverévas Kar’ dyuds.
cire mihas ixave Sepyduevos weya aorv,
Exauis, 7H dp” dwehde Suefipevar weBiovde,
_—
410
4106
SIXTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD 187
Gf ahoxos wohiSmpos evartin PAle Péovra
"Avdpopdyy, Ovydrnp peyadyjropos "Herlavos,
"Heriwv, 6s &vaev td Thdkw bdnéoop,
@yBy vromhaxip, Kihixero” dvipecow dvdoouv:
tot ep 5y Owydrnp éxeb" “Exrop. yadxoxopuory.
H of exer jvrno’, dpa 8" dudinodos kiev adrh
maid’ éni Kodmp éxove’ draddppova, vijmov avras,
"BeropiSyr d-yaryrév; Gdlyniow dovdos ahs,
tév p "Exrup Kardeoxe Skapdvdprov, abrap of &ddor
“Aoruavaxr’> olos yap épdero “Ikioy “Exrap.
H 10. 6 pev peByoe ldv es maida ctwmy-
Andromache bogs Hector to remain within the Walls,
"AvBpopdyy S€ of dye wapicraro Sdxpy yéovca,
& 7 dpa of di yept, eros 7° éhar’ ék 2” dydpater-
“Saipdne, dbion ve ro vov pévos, ovd" édeatpes
naidd te vytiaxov Kai gu’ dppopov, 7 Taxa Ip
aed Exopar raya yap ve Karaxravéovow *Axatol
ndvres ehoppyPevres* enol Bé xe xépSioy ety
oct ddapaprovoy xOdva Bdipevae- ob yap &” ahAy
ora. Oadrapy, exel dv ob ye wétpov éxiomys,
ON dyes ob8é por dor rarip Kat rérma poiryp.
H ro. yap warép’ div dréxrave Bios “Aythais,
dk 82 wékw adpow Kitixav & varerdorar,
OiBov bbirvhov- ward 5° éeraver "Heriava,
ond pw &wdpite, ocBdoraro yap 76 ye Ove,
AN dpa my Karéxye ow évrece Sadadrtacw
48) 1da opt) your wept 88 areddac dpbrevoras
vipgar dpeoriddes, Kopar Aids alywyoo.
ot 8€ por ard Kaviyyytos grav dv peydprow,
oli pelo -ondtireg 2G: xelap: Juan "Alogi ear:
466
470
46
SIXTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD 1389
obre Kagvyvijrwr, of Kev wohtes re Kai éofAol
dy xovigor nto in’ dvdpdor Svoperteoow,
Sacov od, Gre kev Tis "AXaudy yadkoyirdvey
Saxpudervay dynrat, dheiPepor Fuap dzovpas.
kai Kev dv “Apye dodoa mpds ahdys tori ibaivas,
xai xev USap hoptos MeroniSos 4 “Trepeins
TOAN dexalonéry, Kparepy 5° emixeiorer” dvdyny:
wai word ms eimpow iSdv Kara Sdkpy yéovcar-
“Exropos 7d yu}, ds dpurretecne pdyerOar
Tpdaw inrodduar, dre “Isov dpudeudyorro.
Gs moré rus épéer, col 8’ ad véov erverar dhyos
ofr -roeaeS" deSpds, dutvay Sodan Fyaps
ad pe reOindra yur) ward yala Kadvmror,
mpiv yé re ams te Bons cov O éhinPyoio rulécBas.’
Hector takes his Child in his Arms and prays for him.
Gs eixdw ob maidds bpefara paidiuos “Exrwp-
dy 8 6 wdis apis xéhrov eulavowo rubjuns
&xhivOn ldyav, marpds didov ckuy druyBeis,
tapBrjras xadkov re i8e hodhor inmoxairny,
Saviv dn’ dxpordrns xdpulos vetovra voxaas.
é« 8 &yédhaece tarjp re didos wal mérma pxiryp.
aitix’ dm xpards xdpul!” cihero paidimos “Exrwp,
wal ry pev xartyxev ext ySovi mapchavdoxray,
airap & y' dv didow viby énel xtoce mpdé re yeporv,
drew drevédpevos Aci 7” adhdouwly re Beoiow-
“Zev drdoe re Oeoi, Sore 3) nai rovde yeverar
maid’ eudv, ds kal eyd wep, dpurperéa Tpcerow,
8c. Blan vf dyeiBe seal "Idlow Ths. dvdr
Kai word tis cima ‘warpds y’ d8e Tohhdv dpewow’
510
616
520
626
SIXTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD M1
Becpdv droppytas Jety meBioo xpoatvan,
elufds hoverPar evppetos morapoto,
TeScbaie's oon! 82. nseiry heels Gg Beart
Shckgt lawowca= 61S idyAdingt mesclae
Bhiga €yotva dpe nerd v2 eeu) kal vosltn tanae
as vids Hpidwow Madpis xara Mepydpov axpys,
ralyeot tappatvav de 1° pdecrap, ¢BeBrxew
kayyardur, tayées 3? md8es fépov. alia 8" erara
“Exropa Stov ererpev ddededr, cbr’ ap’ guchder
orpapert!” ex xdpns, Oe f ddpile yuvasri.
tiv mpdrepos mpocéamer "AdeEavBpos Heoeidyjs~
Rat gtha'Oy et eal atria Sane
SqyStvan, 008" PhGor evatowor, os dxdheves.”
rv 8° drape Béuevor mpocédn kopubatohos "Kerap:
“BSapom’, obk ay ris Tor drip, Os evaiorpos cy,
&pyov dryswoce pdxns, rel drcyds door
Eda ded pects te kal obe eBédas> 7b 8" epdv Kip
dyvurar ev Oupd, 66° imép older atoxe’ dnote
mpas Tpdav, of Exover todd mévov civera vein.
AUN’ louase: 78" Suucblew dpecotpel!, af xe wads Zede
cy erovpavionr Bevis alevyevérnow
xpyripa orjoracGai éheiOcpov & peydpoow,
Mel scderet Picterpeerreg dso ease herons
Prag:
Hyratua\A EG 7,
AL?
Mr trymantungy “cue ;
Aswoioms | sf" Greuniening | syotnae
FAR CA DLA} ~My %.
9 Mancinta” Argue ‘Ryidaoree ~
7a)
~ :
{Lacky’™"*
HOMERIC GREECE
arene enereur)
COMMENTARY
TO THE FIRST BOOK OP THE ILIAD
1-7. Provemium: The wruth of Achilles, from its very beginning, and the
destructive consequences which followed in accordance with the will of Zeus,
‘This ts the princlpal theme of the fMiad.- ‘These first verses are like the
tones of a funeral march rising to a sky shrouded in gloomy clouds.’ (A
series of verses which like heralds announce the whole poem. A gloomy
cloud gathers over the Greeks. ‘The fleld ix covered by the corpses of
fallen heroes. Dogs and vultures toar the bodies of the slain. The most
powerful of mon and the mightinst mortal descendant of Zeus quarrel.
‘Zeus has determined the destruction of the people. —All this in a single
sentence which closes with "AyQAas.’ Hermann Grimm.
‘The First Book serves ux an introduction to the whol: poem, Tt nar:
rates the story of the strife betwoon Achillea and Agamemnon, and the
decree of Zeus, which is made on the intarcassion of Thetia — The events
narrated in this Book occupy twenty-one days, See § 0a, For the situa-
tion at the opening of the war, soe § 5.
2. pty: the wrath, lasting anger, the memorem iram of Verg. Aen
i 4, Cf 81,247,488 ‘This receives prominence ag being most impor-
tant for the subject of the poem. — The definite article ta not needed in
arly Greek. The connection decides, as in Latin, whether the article
should be used in translation. See § 42 &.—Qd: ie, the Muse. The
Muses bestow the gift of song (@ 64), and take it away (B 599 £).—
Homer doos not assign special names and affices to difforent Muses. Seo
on B 484. Cf. didpn pu dwere yotra a 1.—For the following eaesural
pause, sce § 58 a, cf — TwéBew [EyAmddou or IpAelSov) : for the geni-
tiveending, sue § 34, This adjective is called a ‘patronymic, and is
often used as a proper name. See $30. The last two vowels are pro-
nounced as ene. Cf. ypurep 15; soo § 25. —"Ayerfios ['AyAtos]: for
the ending, see § 28 c, Homer often drops one of two doubled consonants,
Boe § 50 dye.
2. obdopdvgy: destructine, deadly: ef. Milton Par, Lost i. 2, ‘forbidden
fruit... whos mortal taste | Brought death into the world,” and Shake
pro's ‘mortal award,’ Macbeth iv. 3.3. ‘This ts put in a kind of appost-
tion with jjvw, as if it were an afterthought, The idea is amplified in
1
3 COMMENTARY TO THE
tw following relative clause; of: 10, B 227; see § 12 ¢ —prpla: countless ;
not a numeral (jsp) in Homer. — For the ‘clision’ of u, ace § 28 a. —
For the ‘ hintus,’ allowed whon the final vowel has been elided, seo §
—"Axawis; often used for all the Greeks ; see § 4 a.— GAyea [dAqn]> be.
the dafeats caused by the absence of Achilles from the conflict, — For the
uncontracted form, see § 24.—iyvev: caused, as T 821 (see § 17), nearly
equivalent to retye, below, or tothe Attic érotqren
3. wodAde: the mecond clause of the Fulativo sentence ia closely con-
nected with the first, since roAAds repeats the idea of pvpia, while the third
clause is added in the form of a contrast, atruby 5) ark. —Ipllpove
[xparnis]: the fominino form ip6/pae ix used by Homer only of persons,
See § 38 c.— Mighty souls is nearly equivalent (o ‘souls of mighty men,’
“ASB. mpotayev: ont off to Hades, © vigorons expression for a violent
death, ax E190, 2487. C/. multox Danaum demittimus Orco Vorg.
Aen. 4i. 808, For the use of xpo, ef: xpd fixe 105. —"Atbe ["Aiby] = a Smeta-
plastic’ form of “Atéys, which in Homer is always the name of a person,
the ruler of the nether world. See § 87.
4. Apéuy: brave warriors. ‘Tho word had not acquired tho moaning of
herves in the English sense (§ 17).—adrove: themselves, ie, their bodies 45
contrasted with their souls. —aspra [Attic domuyyy']: booty; of canibus
data pracda Latinis | alitibusque Verg. den, ix. 485 4, For the
preceding hiatus, see § 27 b.—10x« xémeww: since the bodies often had
to lie unburied; ef: B303. Dogs are the scavengera of the East. Cf,
‘Him that dieth of Ahab in the clty the dogs shall eat; and him that
dicth in the field shall the fowls of the air eat” J Kings xxi. 24; «And the
Philistine ssid to David, “Come to me and T will give thy flesh unto the
fowls of the air, and to the beasts of the field”* 7 Sam. xvii. 44. To be
loft unburied was u droaded fate; 80 Hector at the point of death besought
Achilles not to allow the dogs to devour him (X 339), —neixe (Zrexye] : for
the omission of the augment, sce § 13 a.—xiverow [nuoir]: for the
ending, see § 36 b,
5. olavolers [olavoty] : the long form of the dative is mors frequent in
Homor than the dative in -exs. Soe § 35 d.—Saira [Attic éoprijv']: here of
the food of Urutes ; cf: B983.— Awds.., Bovdy: instead of Aude peydAou
a Boudds. s is joined parenthetically (§ 21) to the precoding relative
clause. — The will of Zens was accomplished in the consequences of the
wrath of Achilles, © +Such was the will of heaven,’ Milton Pur. Lost ti.
1025, — Bova: will; <f BovAouat. This corresponda to the OéAyua (edu)
of the New Testament (yonOyrm 7d GiAqud oov, in the Lord's Prayer).
FIRST BOOK OF THE ILIAD 3
G. ob rh: since Jirst, since once; the starting point for pyuy oto
per. This expression takes the place in Homer of the prose ret drag,
dra réyurre, ¢f. 20. mpioroy and mpGra are weed adverbinlly with little
difference of meaning ; of. 270, 319.—rd: for the shart vowel lengthened
before the following consonants, see § 69 f.—bwerteqy [Bucryrqy)
dpleaves: contending separated, it. contendedl and separated, parted in strife
(oss).
7, "Axpatbys: of four syllables; see $99 f. For the use of the patro-
nyrmie, instead of ‘Ayapdavay, ane § 39 b,— For the genealogy af Agamem-
non, son of Atreus, nee $7, He is described by Helen ax +a good king
‘and a brave warrior’ (1° 179), — &vag ds6pav: cleowhere procedes a proper
nume; only here is it found after « patronymic. It is generally applied
to Agamemnon (a9 142, 606), as commanderin-chiel. He is Bariecraros,
‘moat royal, in 1.69, For the ‘apparent hiatus,” see §§ 27 WA, 32. — Bios:
godlike, glorious (etyer#s), a standing epithet of Achilles and of Odysseus,
No special excellence of charactor ix implied. Observe the metrical ndap-
tation to the names of these two heroca, allowing the ‘bucolic dixerosia’
after the fourth foot ; see $58 i; of: PoiBos “Awa\wr 64, Hadras "Abjry
ATR. Bios "AyeAAers closes the verse in Homer more than fifty times,
8. the F Bp: who then! Cf xfs dpa obrés tore Lube viii 25. A ques
tion from the standpoint of the hearer, sagyested by 6. 7. + Who first
seduced them to that foul revott?—'Th’ infernal serpent,’ Milton Par,
Lost i. 83. Some god mast haye decreed the calamity; the Homeric
theology recognized no blind chance.— ips Evwye: brought together in
strife. — turdnns [ovviixc]: for the augment, see § 43 d.—pdyvotaa: 0 con
tend; se. éréerow. Cf. 04, B BIT £ For the explanatory infinitive, seo
$8 12f, 186; H.951; G, 153.
9, Anvota: of: 36,—For the inflection, see H. 107; G. 949 f, Ayr
seems to be n short form of Latona, but the latter does not appear in
Greck. Apollo was tho mediate cause of the trouble, since the pestilence
oocasioned the quarral.—& [obro:]: for the demonstrative use of the
article, wes § 42 j.— Barre [Barret]; i+, Agamemnon, ding dxfpiin, —
For the ‘dative of association,’ see H. 772; G. 1177. For the form, eft
“Ayiijos 1. — xodueBels: seo on 81.
10. vobwsr [rivov, § 23 dl): this bs called Aowés (pestilence) in G1, —
dvd evpardy: up through the camp (cf. xara orparéy 318), a8 the plague
spread from tent to tent. Gf. 3.—dpeu: for the retention of @ after p,
tee § 18 ¢. —naxfy: the adjective is explained by the following clause, the
first word of which takes up the thought of the adjective. For the order
4 COMMENTARY TO THE
of words, connesting «uxyy with whut follows, see $11 j.—Auot [cw] :
his men, soldiery; ef. T 136 and Agamemnon’s epithet roysiy Aady B 243
shepherd of the people. — Attle delOvyerxoy of erxparioras
11. wv [rovrov riv] Xplonv: that Chryses, well known to tho hearers
from stories or other songs, Nowhere elke in Homer is the article used
with a proper name. —#ripaew : slighted. —dpyripa: reoeives prominence
from ita rhythm and position, almost equivalent to “though he wns," ete.
He fa called tepevs (tho Attic word) below. — This vers has a «spondea”
in tho fifth foot, and hence i4 called ‘ spondaic.’ See § 67 A; of. 21, 167,
291, 600. This gives an emphatic close to the sentence.
12. bods: cf: vel devedpouny 421, A standing epithet of the ships
even whon they wore on shore; soo § 12 a. — émt vfjas [vais]: he, to the camp,
where the ships were drawn up on land; ef: B 088. — For the position of
the proposition between the adjective and noun, ef: 16, 26; see § 11 m
13. Averspavor: to release for himself, to ransom. ‘The active is used of
him who receives the ransom (20,20) ; the middle, of him who offers it, —
Giyarpa [Oryorép]: for the form, see HL. 188, D5 G. 276.— Homer knows
har anly by her patronymic Xpuryis (1L1, see $39 9), daughter of Chryses.
—<Howy + bringing with him, probably on a wagon or pack animal. dyay
ian used 189, 367, 431 of living ereatares. —Amepeev Sowa: bullion
{elther of gold, silver, or copper), or vessels of precious metal, or clothing.
A. orinpar “Awidhores: cf: Apollinis infuln Vorg. Aen, ii. 490.
This ribbon, or chaplet, of white wool, bound about the head and failing
down on both tides, marked the priest's official charactor, He came under
the god’s protection, but ax a suppliant carried the fillet, instend of wear-
ing I. Cf laurumque manu yittasque ferentem | Chryacn,
Ovid Are Am, ii. 101.— denBéXov: ho was the Archer Apollo. For similar
epithets, see § 22 f,— For the loss of quantity in the final diphthong
before an initial vowel, of: 17; see § 84 k. —"AwSM\wves: forthe length of
the first nylable, as 21, 36, efe., sow § 59 d.
15. xprety [xpos] : not of solid gold, but adorned with golden studs
or nails, Seo on 219, B45; ¢f- 46. So the soul of tho seve Tirosiaa had
& xptrew exiprrpov in Hades, — xpuody is pronounced as of two syllables
(cf: 1) and is thus metrically like the Attic form.—dvad exiperpy: on a
staff. Consteno with eriypor’ Zywe. Equivalent to Attic dei erejrrpov.
For the dative, ef, § 45; H. 792, 1; G. 1196.—Princes, judges, priests,
and heralds carried oxjrrpa ax symbole! qithority; kings wore exprroe
X04 xcepter bearers (B50). Cf B 100 ff, 180. A exparrpow was placed in
the hands of him who was about to address the aaembly, as a sign that he
FIRST ROOK OF THE ILIAD 5
*had the floor’; ef: 245, T' 218, orf & pry dyopy « exierpor Be at flare
xept | jong BAT t. Achilles swears by it (234). The Judge in an
‘Athenian court had @ Baxrypia. ‘Tho Spartans also carried stout stetfs,
and Athenian gentlemen exrried canes, —mdvrag: the bard's hearers easily
mide for theniselves the necessary limitations for such general expressions.
‘The priest's errand was to the army und its lenders,
16. Siw [15] : for Bio with the dual, of Alavre dio B40, T 18, Adwre
Bio B 654, This form is more frequent in Homer than 8éo.— The pause
in the verse throws this with xoojjrope. —Menelns, king of Sparta (B 586),
ws husband of Helen, is associated with his brother Agamemnon; ef.
BAO, Soo § Sa.—xoepirepe: wompew (cf. xbepos, order) lx used of mar-
shaling troops in the sense of the later rdeow, Cf B120, 476, 554, 1;
mo§ 17.
17. The nsuul introduction to 0 speech (§ 12 4) is omitted. —For the
tse of the speaker's very wards, instead of indirect dincourse, see § 11 ¢.—
dverfusbey : a standing opithot of the Achnoans (§ 12 4), In historical
times, Herodotus mentions greaves as worn by the Lycians in the army of
Xerxes.
18. Hot: monosyllable by ‘ synizesis"; se § 25. — Cf: Horace’ transla-
tion, di tiki dent capta classem deducere Troie Sat, ii. 3. 101,
19. piipoe [Hpuiuou}: for the form, soe § 30 a.—-nddw: for the
Jength of the last syllable, se § 50 [.—obeade: Aomerrard, always of the
return to Greece, not like obedvde, into the house, See § 33 6
20, waiba Hi: made prominent becuuso of the priest’ love for his
daughter; instead of the dunt 8é which fs expected in contrast with tpty
pav 15. —Koeras : corresponds to Soter. Cf 15. — $Onvs in apposition with
smut, after the panss in the verse (§ 11 /),—"my dear child.” Its position
shows thot it is not an otiose epithet, meaning not much more than my,
—/As J pray that you may bo victorious and have 9 safe retura, & may
ye testore to me" ete. Cf. the prayer of Priam for Achilles, ob 68 riiwét
Srivaie, wai Dboue | ov & marpidx yalay 2 550 £ mayst thou enjoy there
gifts and in safety reach thy native tand, whore the return ot Hector’s body
is the condition implied for the prayer. The infinitive is here used for
the imperative, but in an optative senso (like dade 1), not a4 a command ;
cf. tho infinitive and imperative in parallel clauses (822 £, 459). wit
Brovwa: the priest points to the gifts which ho brought with him.
ZL b{ouvo [Attic oeSduevor] xr: a prime motive for granting the
request. The Achaeans were to honor the god in the person of his priest.
— For the spondee in the fifth foot, seo on 11.
6 COMMENTARY TO THE
22. tmepfmeay: for tho usual éryjrpeny, bocanse of the awe which was
required by the priest. Tt is followed by the infinitive as being equivalent
fs theres reubigisirn:dhy bade with pious reverence; cf. B 290.
23, alSdo@ar: repeats the thought of éféevou —lapha [fepéa] - equivalent
to dpyrijpu 11.—ayAad: an important epithet, introducing a motive for the
action. — Bix 8a [Sigua]: socond aorist infinitive from d¢yona. See § 53.
24. ANN’ ok ar arp contrast to GAA pév, giving prominence to
the negative, — bul not to the son of Atrews,—"Arpetéy: receives further
emphasis from its position immediately before the pause of the verse.
‘Thus in the preceding verse fepja ix contrasted with dmouw, as Ovyarpa 15,
and the Ataf re 20 with 8¢ —Byug: local, in heart. Sea § 12 y.—
‘This verse in prove would be ddA’ "Arpeldys oby Hoy.
25, wants) Narshly. Cf. the uve of xaxyjy 10,— dil: for the form, as
from a verb in -dw, see § 52a; for the omission of the augment, see § 45 a.
—Tlomer ia fond of using the imperfect to describe an action as in proge
Oks; Of. Teliye 4.— mparepév = kirong, stern. — del poor Freddev: laid upon him
his command. — et: construe with fredde. See $55 a, d.—pOoy: had not
yot received the idea of fletion which is contained in the English myth, It
and ros (210) are often used for the Attic Adyox, which is found but twlea
in Homer (§ 17).
26. ph xed: see 10 it that Tilo not, let me vol, etc. ‘This warning use of
joj with the first person singular is rare. C/: B 195, B 487 f. —nothyew
[eo’Aus]: for the forra, ¢f: olwvote 8; weo § 94 ¢. —vqvet [ravei]: for the
form, sen § 28 a,
29. alms livre: returning; cf. midw wAuyxBirras 50, Sduerme mide 116,
2B. jh vi vo er. : lest perhaps, etc., adda to the preceding command
the result that was to be feared if the command were disregarded. — ob
xpalepy: the nogative and tho verb form but one ides, be wreless, of no
avait; cf. 500, 0 289.—exiyrepoy xrA-: “thy priestly dignity.”
29. mpiv: sooner, adverb with Sraow, with strengthening «nd, even; much
rather. (Cf. the change in use of rather.) —For the animated *adversative
asynileton,” see § 15 e — piv (abrye']: her. — tne
80. fperipg: tho familiar our af the houschold.
ponnesus (which name is not found in Homer), “Apyos "Aynuxdy, not
TlOaerniv “Apyos (Thessaly, B 681), nor thoscity “Apyos, where Diomed
ruled (B Si). — This clause is in apposition with the first clause of the
Tine, and it is repeated again by rpc adrpys [Maxpay dad rips wurpidos].
‘The pause is very distinct after efey, although it is not marked in priat-
ing Cf. "Arpelby 24.
FMST BOOK OF THE ILIAD ii
31. lovey dwoxxopiry: ging 0 and fro before the loony plying the loom,
‘The Groek women stood ax they wove at their upright looms, Weaving
was the principal occupation of the female slaves. — xox: accusative of
‘limit of motion,’ only hore with dvrua, approach, share the couch, See
$19 b.
32, 1% pidge: for the ‘explanatory asyndoton,’ see § 15 b.—wadrepos :
more safely > sc. than if thou shouldst refuse to go. ‘This independent ma
of the comparative is frequent in Homer. — dy: in order that, here follows
the emphatic word (§ 111); s0 dr, 6, dopa, and Samay have the second place
in the clause, Gf. B125.—For né with the subjunctive, sme H, 882;
G, 1387.
33. Cf. 508, P 418. — iaew: “fear came upon him." For the +incep:
tive aorist,’ cf. A 94, tydaure 6, Odpogee 92, rupBycarte B11, Buxpious
B40, éxPrjous O17 ; soo H. 841; G, 1260, Obsorve the change to the imper-
fect, — For the quantity of the first ayllable, cf 400, 508, I°418 ; see § 50 A,
4 yhpwws & yepauis 35,
34. Ph [Zn]: set ow; cf. B 183. For the nocent, ae § 43 6. —Gneler:
ac. in terror at the harsh words,
35. wodAd: orenestly, cognate aocusative uaod as adverb with jaro.
See § 56 } and on 73.—dardvevde nidy: ie. as he left the Achaean camp,
36. rév'{Gr): relative pronouns ese § 42 m,
37. ws: for the forms of this verb, see H. ce D 90. — pus [yoit}= for
this contraction, from jada, seo Ht 17, D the use of the
epithet imstoad of the name gives a ‘east Bt alice of Satisnney to the address,
Odpascus thus aditresses Athena as yAaaiim, and Athena addresses Apollo
ns ixdepye. Sco § 12h. ‘The gods’ instraments are of precious metal even
where the metal is not best ndapteil to the work; ¢/ E 724, 731, 1
Homer, Apollo has 4 golden sword, Hera golden sandals, Iris golden
wings, Hermes # golden wand, — Xpieqy, KOAav: Mysian cities, seats of
the worship of Apollo, on the gulf of Adramyttium. ‘They disappeared
Before tho classical period, Chrysa was the home of the priest, who
received his name from it, — 4pipéPmene: «dost guard.” The figure ts
taken from a beast standing over (bestriding) its young in order te protect
ity of: E 200. For tho figurative uns, ¢/: ‘Lot us rather | Hold fast
the mortal sword, and like good men | Bestride our down-fall'n birthdom,?
Shakspore Macheth iy, 3. 3; oft another figure in the psalmist’s +An
the mountains are round about Jerumlem so the Lord if round about his
people” Pale oxxv, 2. Cf. Gradivumque patrem Geticis qui
pracsidet aryis Vorg. Aen. iii. 35.
8 COMMENTARY TO THE
38. TordSoo! cf. est in conspectu Tencdos, notissima fama}
insula, dives opum, Priami dum regna manebant Verg. deni,
21 £,—The genitive probably depends on the notion of the noun du,
which is contained in duiaous.—Avéeoae: in its original meaning, art
protecting lord, amdevw is not used of the ods in Homer.
39. at wore! if ever, a form of adjuration. —xaplevra: ‘proleptic,’ fo thy
pleasure; literally, as a pleasing one, —dmi Ipaya: roofed over, i.e, completed,
built, The oarly temples were of simple construction, In general the groves
were ancred, rather than a building. The temples of Athenn and Apollo
EARLY TEMPLE OF OELOS
in Troy and of Athena in Athons arv tho only temples named by Homer,
‘The first temple of Apollo at Delphi was built ef laurel boughs, according
to the ancienits, — The suppliant belieres that he has made the god his
debtor by his services, and he claims favors in return; of. 503 f. ‘Tho
gods themselves fecognized this obligation. —»név [redv'}: omer follows
the so-called Attic second declension in but a fow words, CY. Awol 10,
FIRST BOOK OF THE ILIAD 9
40. 64: nearly equivalent to $y. — wand: construe with Exys.— where:
na covered with fat; ¢f. 160. — For the details of a mcrifioe, see 455 ff,
B421 ft.
a formula, after which “this desire "is expressed by
by the imperative, a6 456, 505; or by de with the
optative,
42. rlewav: tho verb is placed first, as containing the sum of the
speakor's desire. — Biderov: Bédurw. Sea § 40 f.
44, PN... wapowv: as B 107, A 74. —BA: wt out, ‘The motion in
continued in 6 & jie 47,—OVAdpwoe: Olympus in Homer ix always the
‘Thessalian mountain as home of the gods (not heaven itself), as ix indi-
cntod by its epithets, &ydrpos 420 snow-capped, nddas, paxpds 40%, wok
bapde 499, rodvrrvyo. But the peaks tower above the clouls inte
heaven (olparis). Cf.195, And mo deéBy ylavnoms Airy | ObAyudv™
Hh puoi boiiv Fos doeparis ald | Fryer bt" dviquoun twsicrreras . . . obre
xen eenirvuras xrd. C41 ff. Athena departed (o Olympus, where (men suy)
ts the ever firm acat of the gods, It tx not shaken by winds, nor does snow come
nigh it, —xaptyey: construe with «ani For its usp for the summits of
mountains, of, B 167,869. Cf. mips, hemi; seo H, 216, D8; G, 201, 16,
— rfp? accusative of specification, wx Frop, Ovndy, dpére, all frequent with
verbs of emotion (§ 12 y).— For this description of the plague, see Lessing
as quoted in § 11d,
45, Suourw: dative of place (see § 19 a), equivalent to Attic di rar
Spair. —dudnpedla: i.e. clored both above and below as it fang on the
shoulder; see on B 389. The explanstion of the lengthened ultima ix
uncertain, — Apollo as god of the bow always carries bow anil quiver
his words eivyfes dei ravra Barrier dod Hoar, Ale. 10 it ix my custom ever
to bear this bow, So he is often represented in works of art,
46. treygars seems to represent to the ear the sound of the arrows in
the quiver; ef, Age Bubs A125. Cf. tela sonant humeris Verg. den.
iv, 149,
47, abrot mvqivres: avrod contrasts the god with his arrows (§§ 11 j,
42.2). For the: genitive absolute, see § 19, g.—wert: a time of dread.
Of. tabope dattauos Extup | voxrl Gog drédavrog thd M 462 £, Heetor
ruthed in, like in countenance to swift night, and * He on his impious foes right
onward drove, | Gloomy as night,’ Milton Par, Lost vi. 8314, For Homeric
“comparisons,” sen § 14. dows [civic]: for the inflection, wea H. 4925
G. 587, 2.
48. perd: into the midot of the camp,
a
10 COMMENTARY TO THE
49. Sarh: atiributive with wayyy Cf horrendum stridens
sagitta Verg. Aen. ix. 032, —-ylvero: arose, was heard, — Proto: from the
bow; ablatival genitive; $19 a.
50. cipfes xel ives: mules and dogs in the baggage train of the army.
—tegxero: aitached with his deadly miseltos.— dpyoés: swift.— The Attic
might be mpirov pv role fudvous defer aul rots raxéor nocd,
51. avrdp: stronger than 8é correlative with dv 50; § 21 f—adrotes:
the Greeks themselves, contrasted with their domestic animals. The inten-
sive pronoun is reinforeed by the pause in the verse. —Pldes: for tho
quantity of the ultima, see 59 j,— dguelg: Iterative in moaning, like Bide
following.
52. P4Xd«: whol, with emphatic position at the clos of a sentence and
Woginning of w verse; of: 143 £., 241, 296, 501, 500, —srvpal:
plural, since a new pyre was built each day.—vecéwy: so-called * genitive
of material.’ — This is a pootic form of the statement that multitudes por
ished from the pestilence. —@apeaal; predicate adjective, where an adverb
might have boon used ; § 56 a.
53. dwipap: évvéa ix around number in Homer. Cf. «Nine times the
space that measures day and night | To mortal mon,’ Milton Par. Lost
1. 50.—¢yero: “flew.” The arrows are personified; of Ero 8° durrds |
bEPOsts, wall Sudov tmariotes peretruw S125 1. leaped, eager to fly into
the throng.
54. vf Socdry: dative of time, The article calls attention to this as
the decisive .day.— The adjective agrees with juépy or Hot implied in
the omission of yap 501, B 341, Bovdyy B 379, yg B 162,
Sop T 17, xAntur P 126, rodoy T'263, and the use of ueuter adjectives
8 pubstantives, ax dud 526, xeproaioun 530, A 260.—B: may stand after
the second word in the clause, since the first two words are so closely con-
nected. — dyopivbe: for the ending - see § 84 ¢. ‘Tho agora of the
Achacans was at the center of their camp, = little removed from the sea,
by the ships of Odysseus, The dyop? in Homer was not yet degraded to
bo a market place (#0 § 17); it corresponded to the mesting place of the
Athenian decdyoia.—xadlewaro: summoned; of. B50. Other princes
than the commanderin-chief had authority to call an assembly of the
people. In Vorgil’s Aeneid (ii. 122), Odysseus (not Agamemnon) demands
of Calchas what must be done to appease the gods —'This expresses ple-
tureequely the prosaic éxmAyoiay éroiqre. — For the ov, oe 48 a.
55. vg: equivalent to Attic afng (§ 42g, J); literally, for an}
Appeoi Oper: put into (literally, upon) his heart. The Homeric Grecks did not
FIRST BOOK OF THE ILIAD i
think of the head as the seat of the intellect.—Aeadheves: frequent epi-
thet of Her (§ 12D), wot often of women, aa P12); of. Bodies 551. —
“Hoym : for Hern's motive, ¢f. § fc.
56, Aavady: genitive after a ‘verb of mental action,’ Seo H, 742; G,
1102. — pd: you see, with reference to the soene depicted in 51 f, — dpére;
for the middle voice, see § 50-0.
57. fiyepdey xrh.: the two verbs are thought to oxpross the boginning
and the completion of the act; but wa may compare the ‘aasnmblo and
meet together’ of the Prayer Book. For the fall expression, see § 12 d,
58, roies [atrois] 1 ‘dative of advantage.” Cf. 63, 247, 450, S71, — Bd;
for its use in the ‘apodosis,’ see § 21 a. — Anerduevor: the members of
tho assembly aro seated (B00), the spoakor stands in tholr midst holding
& staff (sen on 15).— wéBas dele xrh.: se $12 2,
59. ‘Arpdfq: the spesker addresses Agamemnon as chief in command,
— viv: fens things now are, — widuw wAayy Givens : rfriven back, Le, unsuce
cessful. Cf. B12.
60. ver Siyouev: tho optative is used instead of the subjunctive,
because eseupe is thought of only vaguely. — ¢dvaréy ye: contrasted with
drovernjoay. “If indeed we may expect to return, and are not to die
here.”
GL, 54: if now, as soem likely, —Bapg: future; seo § 435,
62. Gyr: has become a more interjection, and 48 used with the plural,
us B 331, but dyere also is used, ax B72, 83. — ipslopav [dpipey, Attic Upc
pata]: let us ask, —lapha [lepia, § 23 c} : here some Trojan priest seems to
be meant, since a priest could not desert the sanctuary of which ho had
charge, and so there were no priests in the Greek camp before Troy. ‘The
kings performed the ecrifices and offered prayers for the army. Cf.
Bail ff, 0 275 ft.
63. smuporsdov: in dream oracle Is described by Vergil, Aen, vii. 80-01,
— ral yap wrA-: for a dream alzo, aa woll as othor signs, Cy. the dreams of
the «dreamer® Joseph, and the prophet Joel's ' Your sons and your dangh-
tere shall prophesy ; your young men shall #6 visions, and your old men
shall dream dreams.'—yép te: closely connected, like namque.—ée
Aids: Zoua nends to Agamotmnon (B 6) a dream that ealls itself Aus dyye
dos, Athena also sends a drvain to Penelope.
64. ed dro: potential optative in final sense, since the end aimed
nt is considered as a possible result of the principal netion (dpefoper).—
= 8 me at what, wherefare.—réeeor IxSoraro: conceived much heavy anger.
For the incoptive acrist, ef. ave 33. —réever : cognate pocuaative, used
-_ | ETN
J
12 COMMENTARY TO THE
ag an adverb. Cf, 35.— Awé\hev: Achilles assumes thot the pestilence
was sont by the god of health and diseaso.
65, rv,..at re crh.: indirect questions explaining the previous verse;
of. BSA0, 8 ya: for the repetition af the subject, we on 97. —ebxwhts,
ixarépfing : Lecruse of an unfulfilled vow or a heeatom) which has not been
Offered ; ¢/- pay pyvioas E178 angry on account of the omission of sacrifices.
Cf. He is dying for [lack of} bread.’ — For the genitiva of eause, of: 429,
B 225, 089, 094, 1908" dmrdrys xoréov & 108,
66, at nev [lav] er: if perchance (in the hope that) he may please. Seo
1,907. Connect in thought with 62.—épvav: for the inflection, see Hl. 216,
2; G. 201, 4,— evens: partitive genitive with drrudious,— Whaley: con-
wiroe with both uouns, Only unblemished victims wore wall ploasing to
the gods. Thus the heifers offered to Athens were ‘sleek, untouched by
the good, upon whose necks the yoke had never rested’ (Z 04), Gf. “Thou
shalt not merifice unto the Lord thy God any bullock or sheep whornin fa
blemish or any evilfavouredness,’ Dewi. xvil, 1, But ré\uor may mean
full-grown, in contrast to imature,
67, Bothera [Bowyru]: for the short mode-vowel in the subjunctive,
00 § 15, —dynéeas xrA.: fo partake of the sacrifices and ward off’ from us
(literally, for we; see § 19 ).—4m6 : construn with dyanar,
68. For such stereotyped versa, of: 73,201, See § 12 4.— Cf. the
prose equivalent in Xen, Mell, i. B. 85, 6 piv rain” ctriv UaaBero- @npa-
pérys 8° doanrds nth. —Spa: here refers to the participle, like dru in
prosd, a8 8 310,— rotor: far them; seo on 58.
70. &: {8 long ‘hy position, kiner By once began with wu: of: BAB,
Seo § 50 m.—dodpera: drspeva § 30 f— mph 7 Wveas and which were
before (i4.) past, —the mental aye being thought of sa turned to the past
(what was Befare), und not toward the future (as we say, what is before us).
Of. dutrore PAGO (behind) hereafler.—dévra: forms of dai in Homer
larly retain the eof the stem, — This verse deseribos the sner's power tn
Its fall extent norit namque omnia yates | quae sint, quae
fuorint, quae mox ventura trahantur Verg. Georg. iv. 392 £ See
106
71. vheros [rari]: * dative of interest’ with the vorb,—For the inflec-
tion, wee § 36 6; H. G, 270. —‘yfraro = he fed the uvy, guided.
Here metaphorically of the seer whe interpreted the portents relating to
the voyage; ef So on the Argonautic Expedition, the seer
Mopsux gave the word for setting out, No expedition was complete wit
out a soothsayer, even in the time of the Persian War; af: Hat, ix,
16
FIRST BOOK OF THE ILIAD 18
But Xenophon and Clearchua in person inspected the sacrifices and
observed the omens. —"Duey: here like Top of the kingdom of Priam.
72. fv: possessive pronoun, whore the Attio prose would uso the article
.. This must not be confounded with the rvlative pronoun. See $32,
= 5:6: by the help of: Attic &a ris pavrunjs. For the thought, see on
B832,—"AwsMwv: the sun god, the god of physical and intellectual
light; —the prophet of Zeus and the patron of prophecy.
73. odiv: construe with dyopjvare. —& dpowuw: of. Pida ppovdwr
A219, Artic ehvovg. — dyopherare : addrexed them, .
74. nial pe: Calchas as pdvrig felt himeelf called to speak by the
words of Achilles (62), and he turns naturally to the one who had «called
the meeting,’ — Bilge: cf: dpnieAoe P21. For the length of the ante-
penull, seo § 36 uv, —pvOfireqdas: declare, interpret.
75. dearyfidéras: for the form, see §§ 29 4 S4e) HL 148, D1) G. 188, 8.
76. iptw cri; Twill speak, ete, A solemn form of introduction. Of.
+ Behold now I haye opened my mouth, my tongue hath spoken in my
mouth,’ Job xxxiit. 2. — dporwor [porov]: we § 480.
77. % ply [ov] surely and truly, —wpdpev: construc with dpytev.
$56 a B.—teeow wo xepoty: “with hand and voice,” equivalent to the
prow Adyw nai ipyy, by word and decd. Cf. 395, —€phgev: observe the
futary infinitive after words ef promising or hoping,
78, vbpa: object of yodweiuey [xoddoay, § 44.7), shall enrnge.— hye :
tired adverbially with nparé, of: 103, wodAdy 91, #oAd 112, efpd 102, It
strengthens all three degreos of comparison in Homer; ef. B 274, 299, 480,
Bee § 564,
79. wat ot [airs]: for mig. ‘Tho relative construction ia abandoned,
as ofwn in later Greek. Cf. 102, 500. See $11 f; H. 1005; G. 1040,
This was expecially natural after the pause in the verse. —The last half
of the verse repeats the same thought in reverse order.
80, ydp; introduces « further explanation of his special need (oft mpd
por 77) of protection. — Bre xdererax [Grav xuioyrac]: whewener his wruth te
roused. For the short mode-rowel, see $45. For the hypothetical rela-
tire sentence without dy or xd, of. 290, 548, 554; mee TH. Old ay G. 1487,
BL. at map wd. : for even if, with the subjunctive. Sea § 18d; 1. 8940;
G. 1906, —xédov: « burst of anger, while «ros is the lasting grialye, resent
and the pig of Achilles Ind him simply to
withdraw from the fight (see on 1). xéAov is emphasized in contrast with
nérov by 7é anil by its ‘chiastic’ position (§ 16a). ‘The Attic dpyi is wot
found in Homer.—aaramiyy® divest, suppres. CY. “Ayrdaig deri oot
ment, whieh plane for reveny
14 COMMENTARY TO THE
xAov Oywdyer wera & 52 f Cf. «Then he chew'd | The thrice-turn'd
cud of wrath, and cook'd his spleen,’ Tennyson The Princess i, 61.
82. WAA: afier d wep, as Latin at after sl, yet. ‘The apodosis Is really
contrasted with the protasa (21 a).— The reciprocal relation of the
thoughts is marked hy tho ré, ré (§ 21 4); ef: 218, T 12, 38 far
Holds fast, cherishes. — Spa: temporal, until. —rleoy [redéay)]: 50. xéror,
a , satisfies, his wrath, i.e. does what he plans in anger.
83. by eribrew [errjiuny, cf. Bacon 42}: not capriclously, nor for the
sake of the meter, separated from dea xérov, but added with greater
omphasis than it could havo at the close of the verso; § 12 ¢—dotex ; por
sessive pronoun, ‘The Attic might be satisfied with the article; of: 72.—
tokens: norist midile imperatiny, make clear to thyself, consider. —ats
whether. —cadews: Attic adeus.
84, The first ‘hemintich’ (with rjy occasionally for rév) ia wae
Homor more than one hundred times. —6v: construe with mpoidy, —
derouasBopavos xr. : with epic fullness and dignity instead of the prosaic
drcapivaro. Achilles is forward in taking the lead here, but he had sum-
moned the assembly,
85. apaiizas: cf, 92, — For the aorist, cf, Bare 33,—péda; conatrus
with the imperative, as 173. —Oompémov: equivalent to Attic pavrdor.
G6. ob pb: no, in truth. jd ina particle of swearing with the accuse
tive, which probably depends upon a verb implied. In affirmativo assov-
erations val pt Is used, as 254, ‘The negative is repeated In 88 for
greater earnestness, — Slprdrov; only hore as an epithet of a divinity,
—§ re eixépevor: Calchas prayed to Apollo as his patron, the god of
prophecy, who revealed to him what he declared to the Greeks. —KéAyav:
yooatire. See H. 170 D.
87, Gompowtas: u collateral form to Geompémiov 85 ; see § 37. —Adva>al
vs: art wont to reveal,
BB. ded Yovroe = while F live ; in & threatening tone, dw x¥ovk ere om
poctic expression for tavroy, of. virus vidensque in Terence. For the
fullness of expression, sev § 12 d; ef. 57, 90, 160, 177, 288 f., 683, P72,
4as sure as I live and breathe,"
BD. xcpes brolon: of: xdpas égelo 507.
90. 008" Gv: not even df, generally, as here, after a negative. «This promise
—' Ayapdpvora: Calchas had indicated him elearly in 78.
S1, woddév: for ite adverbial use, see on peya 78.—Bperes: mighfierl,
an commanderinchief of the army, Cf. B82, 580; se on B108.—The
Homeric horore were always frank of spooch, Achilles calls himself
FIRST BOOK OF THE ILIAD th
puto: Ayaiiv 244, 412; Odysseus says that his fame reaches to the
heavens; Hector challenges the bravest of the Achacans to fight ”Exrope
Sig H75. Cf sum pius Aeneas fama superacthers nobus Verg.
Aen, i, 378 f. But the formula etyoya: drm often contains no idea of
boasting, and may moan only claim to be, affirm oneself to be.
92, Kal rére Bh: and xo then (temporal), —Cépayee: took courage.
illehaco, deposita tandem formiding fatur Verg. Aen. ii. 76.—
dyspov: refers generally to nobility of birth, or to beauty or strength of
person, — not to moral quality,
93 = 65, with the change of otre for dre.
94. tre dpnripor = consirue with dxyiduberan, ‘The proposition is used
here, porhaps, because of the remoteness of the noun from the verb, but
the poet was free to use the preposition or not, just ax he chose,
95. 088" drdwoe xr\.: a more definite statement of iriure abandon=
ing the relative construction; ¢f. 79.—In later Greek, participlos would
be expected, instead of the indicative; § 21 k,—xal odk: ix used, not
ot8é, since the negative is construed closely with the verb. See on 28.
96. rotver’ Spa: on this account then (as I said). This repeats emphat-
ically 04, and adds a prediction of the results of the yod"s anger.
97. 5 ye: emphatic repetition of the subject; of. 65, 490, woAa S dy ey
mivry midey ya a 4, which Vergil copimd in multum ille et tereis
iaotatus etalto den, i. 3. — Aavactew ark. : of. 87. — arden: motaphor-
ically, of a heayy burden.
98. dard Bopevon [Sota]: cf. Siparus midw 116, The subject of the verb
fa easily supplied from Aavaotrar,
99. depuirny drdqowoy = “without money and without price.” Por the
‘agyndeton,’ se § 15; of. B825.—tepfy: standing epithet, ns 481, 443,
100. Daredpevo : for the manner af propitiation, of: erxperrot 84 re ant
Gok abrol . .. ma ply robs Ouieros wnt clxwAgs dyuvijour | Aoi re xviry re
mapatpowen’ dvOpumros | Movdueroe 1497 ff. the gods thameeleea may be benky
and men move their hearts by supplicating them with offerings and goodly vows
and the savor of burnt sacrifices. — wenWospey: § 13 ¢.
201 = 68.
102, sipd xpelwr: standing epithet of the king, as 855,411, F176, See
§$12 5,22, Cf. B108.— For the adverbial use of alps see on pcya 78.
103. pénos: with rage; genitive of material, —dpdydawar: darkened
on ail sides, ‘Tho mind is dark with passion, which is thought of as a
cloud enveloping the dpéves. CY. T 142, bdpaeus =Ajjoe dpévas dupiwaaivag
P S78 filled his dark heart with courage.
16 COMMENTARY TO THE
104, ol [wiry, § 42 ¢]: dative with the verb, instead of a limiting geni-
tive with dome Cf. 79 55; 90619 g.—Aapmerdorrs [Aupwer@vrd); in cone
rant with dudydauns
105. For the lack of a conjunction, sce § 15. — xéx’ bredpevos: looking
evil things, i.e. with look that boded ill, — For the accent of nda’ (for mand),
we § 28d,
106, phrrs «anv: propiet of ill, ilbboding seer. Some of the ancients
thought thie referred to the seer’s words at Aulix, where he showed that
Artemis demanded the sacrifice of Agamemnon’s daughter Iphigenia in
roturn for a proud word of the king (Soph. £1. 556 f.).— Of. « But I hate
for he doth net prophesy good concerning me, but evil’ £ Kings
xxii. 8.—18 xptyvor: equivalent to dePAdy 108, in contrast with xuady,
For the * generie” use of the article, of: r& xand LOZ, and soe an ra yepeionm
570, —dwas [elves]: has the + variable vowel’ of the first aorist.
207. alt: Agamemnon exaguerates in hie anger. — rd xend: cubject
of the verb of which @iAa is predicate. —pavreiedas : explanatory infini-
tive: cf. wdyeoOu 8.— Always dost thou delight to prophesy calamity.”
208. reowag: brought to pars.—\* Nothing good in word or deed comes
from thee.”
109. xsl viv: a special instance under alel 107.— Wi in the presence of,
before. — Ceorponiuy Ayopeiue: ax B 922.
220. 64: ironical, like the later 3¢er, Bifrov, neilicet; construe with
roid’ Evem, evisfently on thi aceount.—deyBéhos: for the epithet used as a
proper name, of 37, wigs peo on Myxer 2
221. 44; Agamemnon speaks only of the rejection of the ransom, not
of the slight offered to the priest; but gives prominence to the odlona
charge that he, their king, was the cause of the sufferings of the Danat.
—nodpqs Xpuenifos: genitive of price; of. bax’ vlog wouwhy (a¥ a price for
his son) Tuwopijdeos E208, For the + patronymic,” see on 18; it is used here
exnatly like the genitive Xpeorjos.
122. fret: Introduces the explanation of of 2Aor, wax not inclined.
Cf. 150.—Pothopar: containg the idea of ‘choles,’ ‘ prefermoe? (sc.
drown déxeator), Which is here strengthened by the adverb mod (aces
of extent). Cf. 17. —abniv: the maiden herself, contrasted with the
ransom. —To his accusation of Calchas, the king adds at once his own
defense.
11S, otkos kor ie to retain in my poksession.—wnf; erens Constras
With KAvrawpjorpys:—yép ba! for, you ser. — Kavrayuvherpm + accoonting
to the later story, Clytamnestra was daughter of Tyndarets and Leda,
FIRST BOOK OF THE ILIAD 17
and thus half-sister of Helen, The ancient Greek on hearing these tines
remembered well that she proved unfeithfal to Agamemnon, snd slew him
on his return to his home. According to the later story, she wns herself
in turn slain by her son Orvstos. ‘The deaths of Agamemnon and Cly-
taemnestra formed the theme of famous tragedies by the three greatest
tragic posts of Greece, — the Agamemnon and Chotphorve of Aeschylus, the
Electra of Sophocles, and the Electra of Euripides. —spopifevhar with
prosent signification. —For the form, soe H. 910, DA.
114. of Wer: for tho hiatus, seo 4 27 N.B. The negative resives
emphasis from its position. —xapelev [xeipuw] : of: xéprn 80.
2125. ob &pag: not in build. This probably refers to her stature, since
‘the Grooks always associated height and beauty; of: P 167.— 08 guiv:
hus reference to her fair proportions.— With these two qualities of her
person are contrasted by ‘asyndeton ' two mental characteristics, neither in
mind nor in accomplishments,
126. nal dg: even thus, “although Chryscis is so beautiful and accom
plished." Cy. P 159, —Séuevas wider: reatore ; of: derd otras 08, 134, — v6
Y Savor: the ‘copula’ is hare omitted in condition, ax T 402, B 134,
127. For the lack of » conjunction, see § 15, — Pobhona fj: eee on 112.
118. abriy’ drowdeare: the unreasonable demand provokes the quarrel
with Achilles and elicits the epithet gdoxrandrare 122.—yipos KrA.:
thin is mado moro dofinite later; of: 138, 182 ff.
29. f [8]: for the form, se on dévra 70. — ob8 fovxey: i is not even
seemly, to sy nothing of its unfsirness,
120. &: like quod, oquivalent to dr, thal. Cf. pyvdionuw 5 of abrig
drrelpexe xeipas ‘AwdMAwy E433. —Apxerar Bq: Le. leaves me. ‘The present
Apxeras is used of tho immediate {uturv.
122, xdheve: 0 standing epithet of Agamemnon, like an official title;
¢f-B 434. The following epithet is contrasted bitterly with this,
123. wie xr\.: the question implics the absurdity of the proposition.
—yép ; introduces the explanation of some gesture of surprine or vexation.
Ite forve may often bo given by thy exelamation ‘what! "
1Q4. per: Toper, § 80 ct. — twin [noord] rd: wnedistritnted treasures
Iging in abundance, from which the king could be recornpensed easily for
the lows of his prize. ‘This again refers to Agamenmon’s atrien 118. All
had been distributed, —Booty taken on their marauding expeditions was
‘tho common property of the army after the several prizes of honor (yépa
185) hed been selected for the chiefs; of. 368 £, de widiog & &hdyoue and
srimara WOAMA AnBdvres | Surcduel” ds prj tis poe drew Spares xioe lors
18 COMMENTARY TO THE
441 f. taking from the eity the wives and many treasures we divided them, that
no one might lack his fair share. — These prizes were sometinnes selected by
the leaders themselves, but are often ypoken of as the gift of the people
(276, 869, 892). Doubtless they were distributed by the general, with the
approval of the army. ‘Thus 1367, Agamemnon is said by Achilles to
have given Briseis to him.
125, 14, rd: strivtly both are demonstratives (§§ 21 a, 42 m) (the seo
ond repeating the first), although the first may be translated as o relative,
—ré piv: the thought contrasted with this, is implied in 127 ff.—qoAlew
[wékeov, § 30 c); i.e. cities near Troy, of which Achilles had sacked twelve
with his fect and clewen with @ land force; a0 1328 £, Homer mentions
the suck of Lesbos, of Lyrnessus, of Pedasus, of Seyrus, of Tenedos, of
Thebo. Cf. Nestor’s words, Sv yyvoiv én’ Hepocibéx wévrov | wAadduevor
kart Ani®' Gry dpfacw “AYA: y 105 t... . wandering for booty wherever
Achilles led. See § 5 b.—'ho genitive depends upon the following
preposition in composition. —dgewpilope: equivalent to dfefAomey adp-
ouvree, — SiBoera: the tense marks that the matter is not to be recon-
sidernd,
126, dao’s : receives emphasis from its position, while the contrast Ties
in BBorm and muACMuye eruyeipey, collect again what has been distributed,
—narDroya: ‘ proleptic,” “so as to be tage
127. Wg: in honor of the god, for the god's sake; dative of interest, —
airdp: ox in 51.
128, spmdyj rerpardg re: far thw copulative conjunction, see § 21 gy.
129. ivreixeov: Posidon built the walls of Tray (@ 448),
131, oh 8A: with imperative, as E 218; with subjunctive, usod ne
Imperative in B 684. —6q ofrwe: for the ‘synixesis,” woe § 25, —Ayabos: uo
moral quality isimpliod, Cy. duipuy 02.
132. kréwre we: have secret thoughts in mind, be deceitful, —an acousa-
tion most hateful to the outspoken Achilles, Cf. English steal and stealth,
—epedeiovm: for the wneontmacted form, of. wéjar 32.—pd: construc
with both verbs.
133, 4 Widus xrd-: cow! thou wivh indeed that thou thyself xh
honor (referring to 124) while (literally, but) J, etc. Agamemnon
replies to the charge of eoretousness (122) by the assertion that Achilles
has a selfish ond in view in urging him to give up Chryseia. —%: is never
wil in Homer as a simple interrogation point, It always expresses
emotion. 65, — Sop ixgs xr: instend of the customary infinitive
or an object clause with dre Of. Gupas drérorvras Opp’ éroprivw Z 801.—
uldet have @
FIRST BOOK OF THE ILIAD 19
einip: for the use of the ‘adversutive’ conjunction, see § 21 d.— alrws:
explained by Sevdueror. See § 1 j.
134. feta: with a participle marks the continuance of a state,
especially where # person is given up to sadness or misfortune; of. B 255,
136. fipeavres ard. suiting it to my mind, i.e. chooxing one which will
be satisfactory, —rard Ovpdy: nearly equivalent to Oyup, —dvrdgiev: ac.
Xpvorpitos. — ‘The conclusion of the sentence ia omitted (+ aposiopesie") ;
of. St. Luke xiii. 9+ And if it bear fruit, —[well].” ft woald be perhaps
&b tye, wads dy Zxou. When two mutually exclusive conditional sentences
stand side by sidle, the conclusion of the first may be omitted. See 1.904»,
137, ty BE: 3é in apodosls, as in 58,— Topo: for the subjunctive
used almost like a future, seo § 184; ¢/- 184, 824, D417,
198. redv [ooi, § 42 6): ke. yépas —Atavror: san of Telamon, from
Salamis, — Mev: of, Gor nAurtyrde 185, Homer is fond of a participle which
completes the picture but is not ae eae necessary to the sense, as dywr
B11, @AGay 401, tdssy 159, tdodou 597, AuPdv B 201, waparrds B 189,
pipovra U 425, dupiewovres B 525, etypevos B 507, ‘hows participle are
commonly intransitive in this use. —'Obverqos ['OBvewiws): Onlysaseur or
Ulysses, the hero.—For the single u, of. 'AyAjos 1.—Agamemnon
expresses his soveroignty in an arbitrary way, declaring his absolute
authority over the thre mightiest princes of the army,
139, tw Dav; shall scice and lead away. ‘The return to the principal
thought. ZAmpar) betrays the king’s passionate excitement. — voy wegodd-
wera: he will be angry, F think, The tone is sarcastic. — bv: accusative
of ‘limit of motion,’ to whom. Soe on 254.—tewpar: for the hypothetical
relative sentence, see H. 910; G, 144.
140. yada: ic, what is to bo the recompense. peroppardperta : per,
afterwards, is repeated more definitely in eal afeg.— * We will discuss that
later.” — For the ending, ee § 44 4.—Here the speaker adopts a more
quiet tone (interrupted only by an echo of his angur, in 146) and enters
into the details of the ship's equipment.
141. paver; for the color of the ships, see on B 037. — dptewoper
[2ptrwper]: * hortatory subjunctive.”
142. & Bé: adverb, an 300; see § 55 a; proleptic, + so as to be therein.”
AS. Belopev [Binary] : of epeinpey 62.— &v [di]: up, on board. Advorh
with Byron. — For the loss of the final a, se $29.—abrhy: herself, as
the person principally concerned. XpweniSa: in apposition with abrir.
144. dpxée: predicate, ax commander, — dvip Powdxypopor: in apposition
with ef nis.
20 COMMENTARY TO THE
145. ‘TSopervig: leader of the Crotans (B 645).
147. futv: dative of interest. —aedepyo: for similar epithets of Apollo,
pee LU, 75, 970, 955; § 22 /,—Udewras: agrnes in person with the nearest
subject.
148. dnddpa Gv: Vergil’s torva tuentem Aen. vi, 467.
149. imuéve: clothed with Of the two accusatives which the verb
governs in tho active, tha *accusative of the thing’ ix xotained with tho
passive. See H. 724 a; G. 1239. Cf, Alavres Boiipw (impetuous) eruayatvou
dvwjy (valor) H 164. —mepSadedhpov: cunning minded, referring to 146.—
Achilles thinks that the king wishes to send him to Cleys in order to rob
him in his absence of what he would lack the courage to take in hia
presence,
190. rot: dative of interest. —qpédpev: of. 77.—melOqrau: deliberative
subjunctive in the third person.— For the alliteration of =, ef: 1
$a
151, sv (cognate accusative; see H. 715 b; G. 1052): journey, of
an ombnssy like that suggested for him in 146,—dMpeyar: &XDdy. § dd fr
152. yap: the reasons for the preceding question (which is equivalent
to a nogative assertion) continue through 162.—* Thou dost repay with
Dave ingratitude us who are fighting not for our own cause but only for
thee.” — yd: sudden transition from the indefinite rlg of 150.—Observe
the foreo of the caesural pando, throwing emphasis on Tpiwv. Cf. éuds
154. —Arvtoy [HABov] ; for tls w of the penult, ef. the penult of dxjAvda.
153. beipo: conatruy with HAvBov,—paxnodperos: for the length of the
Inst syllable, of. 22; sn § 591, —atmol «law: are to blame for me, have
done me wrong. Cf. T 164,
154. dud: {6 mado emphatic by the following pause, where of course
no punetuation mark could stand. Gf. Tpdwv 152. § 58 b.— Bove: femnie
ning of the herds,—f\aeav: drove off.—o¥8 piv: norin truth; of. 608.—
‘This vorso and tho noxt indicate the common causes of war in the heroic
period, as between the English and the Scotch in the time of the border
troublos,
155. $6iq: the later Phthiotis (B 653), not the city, as is shown by the
epithet doyBdran.
56. wohAd peragé: much lice bermeen, axplainod by the following.
157. ofpea atA.: in apposition with roAAd, above, tyres: only here
as epithet of the Of. nodvd Aoia Bow 4, B 200.
158. péya: are on 78.—xaipye: subjunctive in n final sentence after
the aorist, as B 208, Z 857 £,
FIRST BOOK OF THE ILIAD 21
259. npiv: recompense, satisfiction, especially the return of Helen and
the treasures carried away by Paria. C/-1' 256, B 552.—xwdwa; the dog
was to the orivutal the personification of shamelessnes; cf. 225. Helen
in eelf-reproach applics to herself the opithct «varus I" 180; of. Saep 2ucio
(addressing Hector), cis anxounydvov dxpvodroys Z M4. The highest
impudence was indicated by xuduwa, dog fly- In the Odyssey, however,
the dog is in better favor. Argus, the eld hunting dog of Odysseus,
remembers his master during the twenty years of his absence, and alone
recognizes him on hin return, dying aa he welcomen him home.
160. rav: neuter, referring to tho various details Included in the pro
coding thought (158 f.),
162. nal 84: and now, nearly equivalent to ai #8, a8 in Attic. Cf.
40, B 185, xal 8) {n ofkdvBe A 180.—pot: dative of diwdvantage with
AepaupjrorOa. Cf. jyiv OT, Paine Kpovidys gpéras &ehero Zets 2 234.—
yloug: 00 Gn 124. —aiede: ie. of thine own will, arbitrarily, as 187. Con-
struc with the subject of depapiirurdas.
162. § im: for which. For the ‘anastropho’ of the accent, eo § 55 ce
—Braw Bi: the relative oonstruotion is abandoned, as 79.
163. ob piv [ppv] wrA.: yet never have J. A present expression of past
exporionce, ‘This thought increases the unfairnoas’of Agumemnon’s pros
ent cours, ool: ie. like to thine, equivalent to rp og yépaa, the person
instead of the attribute being compared, See H. 773 b; G. 1178.
164. Tpiwv wrodidpov: a city of the Trojans, nx B 228. See on 125.
165. rd pdr: the principal thought follows (167). ‘The English idiom
profars the subordinate construction, “although my bands . . . yot.” § 22 d.
167. rd yas: the article is used almost as in Attic, the usual gift of
Honor. — edtyer re erh.r tho thought ix <advermtive,’ though the con-
junctions are ‘copulative’; of. Béne dd’yp re diAy re { 208. See § 21 d.
Cf, ‘en illfavored thing, but mino own,’ Shokspere As You Like It y.
4, 00.
168. Yxonas Fwv: yo off to my tent with, more plctaresquely descrip
tive than Zyw 168 | ef, B01, B71, — dwt von: of 12.— del we ardor when I
hare fought mytelf xeary. ‘This gives renewed prominence to the thought
of insufficiently recompensed effort.
169, vov Bi xrA.: contrast with Achilles’ previous activity in battle,
270. of go: construe with ddigar. For the elision, we § 28 a,—
btw: ox 200.
173, feoye: odious expression for the return to his home which
Achilles had announced (169),—péda: by all meana; ef. 85.
29 COMMENTARY TO ‘THE
174. tyuto [400]: for the form, soo § 42 a; H, 201 D; G. 393, —tnot
ye: with self-nssortion.— ado. se. dai.
175. ae rufous: will guin me honor, referring to 159.—pnrtera: a
standing epithet of Zour; ef. Au pyrw drédavrov B 169.—In this confi-
dence of the king is seen the poet's irony, when the later course of Zens is
remembered, which brought defeat and humiliation to Agamemnon,
176. ieei [el]: in this form are preserved both the original stem, de,
and the original ending -vt, —Srorpedder: the royal power had its source
in Zous, the patron god of princes; of 279, B 205, Cf. buryeés 437,
B 173. Kings are oalled Bepdmovres (attendants, a% 821) Suds, ax warriors
tare Gepsovres "Apyos (B 110).
177, $i: the predicate adjective agrees ax usual with the preceding
noun, and the rest of the verse is in a sort of apposition with dps.
178, ‘The ‘asyndeton’ here and below shows the speaker's excitement,
at pdda erh.: of: 280, 200. — xaprepés: refers ta 165.— ee ov [Bypreni]
rh. “it is not thy merit,
2179, ow vel rrA.: Agamemnon returns to the thought of 173. ‘The
circumstantial fullness of the expression, as of 183, marks the complete
separation of the two forces,
180. Mvppibsserew: of. BGS. Dutive of ndvantage. This word ix
made prominent since the thought is before the speaker's mind that
Achilles, in the consciousness of his strongth, desires to usurp Agamem-
non's prerogatives; of. 287 ff, Cf. illa se iactet in aula Verg. Aen, 1.
140. —eWWey xoriortos: “thy anger” of, 160; the participle is really sup-
plementary.—eite (rot): for this form of the genitive, of: Ma 114.
162, &: just ar The corresponding thought of the opodosis is found
in dy xrA. 184, ‘The interposed clause, nv pay xrA., bas properly only the
value of @ subordinate clause, though with the form of a principal sentence:
Cf. 185. — dpaupetran:: hore followed by two necusatives, ax 275, Cf. 101,
183, viv: either saxiryy or abr could have boon used in Attic. — dv
wnt a duiis with @ ahip of mine,
184. dye: subjunctive as fature. Cf, 262; see § 18 b. —Agamemnon
now acts in accordance with his threat of 187.
185. 18 odv yipas: emphatic contrast, that prise of thine, In apposition
with BpurBx
106. Boveri how much; accusntive of extent where the Attic might
have used & dew, dative of degree of difference.’ Cf. péya 78. —:
4, a4 commander of the entire army and powerful Hing: of of. 281, B 108,.~
Der: ive. ovwry other.
FIRST BOOK OF THE ILIAD 23
187. Uwov: masculine with {uot gdoGae, assert himself my equal.—déator:
follows orvrpiy.— dpousOhyevas Gvrgy: liken himeetf to me, to my face,
188. Ss dare: Attic obrus iy, —Hyton: for the formation of the
patronymic, seo § 30 h.—&xos yiwero: gricf arose for, we. grief came spon
him, Cf. Axviuevos 103, —tw 64 within, adverb, defined more exactly by the
local erijdecow. Cf. é 34 142,—ek: dative of internat,
189. Aawiows: a vhaggy breast was thought to indicate manliness and.
courage, Of. BT49, 851.
190. 4: for j, Ye (182) in a double indirect question, soe § 20 6.
191. roig piv: i.e. the other princes, who were seated (of. 58) hetwoen
him and Agamemnon (6f. 247).—dvaerne: shoulid rouse from their seate,
and drive away, as he sprung at the king.—& 8: repeats the last subject;
it fs almost equivalent to atrie 8 Cf. tyis 8 184. ‘This either makes
prominent the identity of subject in » contrast of actions, or marks tho
progress of the notion by calling renewed attention to the door of the
deed. —dvap{eu: the optative represents the ‘deliberate subjunctive’ of
diroct discourse; ef. I' 317.
193. ward dplva xrd.: in mind and heart,
194. Dero: he wns drncing; the act was interrupted (of. 220).—#NGe
$4: 5é in the apodosis, ax in 58.
195. odpayddey ; bub Athena returns Of\yarivde (221). See on 4t.—mpd
Hues rent forth, i.cent hither; of 42. Athena often acte as subordinate
to Horn; of. B 196, E T13.—Hera is patron goddens of the Atridae.
196. Supe: object of peeve, to which mmBopeyy Is added in a freee
relation.—Oyg: aa in 24-
197. ory 8 Gmbe: she stepped up behind. — tavéts : epithet of Menelaus,
as T2845 of Meleager, B G42; of Rhadamanthys; of Demoter, B.600,—
xépmp: genitive of the part touched. See on 323.
196. ote: Homeric divinities appeared only to-single persons; not to
companids of men, except when disguised in buman form. Only to the
people of the fairyland Phacacia were the gods wont to appear visibly,—
tev 8 BXAww erh.t the thought of the firet word of the verso is repeated in
negative form
199. Gépfinew: vc. at being thus scized.—perd $° éxphwere; sitice
Athena stood behind him. Literally, not as 160.
200. Sard: predicate, They wer the eyes of yAauxinru "Adie (206).
for tho nso of the advorsative instead of # eaussl conjunetion, of.
298, 250; sen § 21 d.—et: dative of interest. —Zowe as w neuter dusl may
have a verb in the plaral as here, or in the singular, or In the dual,
4 COMMENTARY TO THE
201, An often-repented verso; seo 12 h.—plv: object of xporm®a-—
evens: lifted up his voice; of. § 12 4; not equivalent to dmdy, which in
Homer is used only of what has just been related. —wrepdéera: for the
final vowel, here short though before two consonants, sce § 59 g-
202. vier aire: What now! why art thon come?” abre is here not
equivalent to abris, and does not imply that she had been there before, but
is uttered in & tone of voxation.—-rurve «irovdas [éAyjAvas]: for this
greeting, ef. thewov, rarre Nuri nédeuov Opariv DojAovbas; Z 254,—
alyéxow . . . rixop: ton times repeated in Homer; ef, § 12d
263. This verse contains several metrical peculiarities. For the hiatus
after the first foot, see § 27 b; for that afer iy, seo § 27 c.—i twa xrA.:
Achilles answers the question himself by a conjecture; ¢f. B 229, % 256,
thy for the voice, of: Spiro 56,
204. de: construc with épéw. Cf. 212.—nats also; construe with rehé
co@ox (future). «This will not be x mere prediction.”
205. ¢mponAtnes: for the long antepenult, see § 606. For the plural
(especially in the dative), of B 588, 792, dvadxcigae Z74.—vaxe wrA.s a
covert hint at his murderous thoughta.—&y; construe with ddéoay (§ 18 4).
206. yravndrms: gleaming-cyed ; ef. Bavi» «rh. 200, Tho Homeric
Athena is the fleressyed, couragnous goddess of war. Cy, tara (sc. woke
pos dpya) 8° "pm Bop wd “AOjry wivra pedjjoa F430. Her opithet
HadAdig seems to belong to her as wielding the lance. She becaina"AByra
Nip and "AGqva Upéuayos at Athens.
207. Aber: not equivalent to the perfect «AjAouda, but presenting the
same act from a different point of view.—raieovea: to stop, to allay; of-
at ke xrA.: of: 00.
ie. the contest of force to which he is inclined.—@x1w:
present imperative, continue to draw; ef. 104.
2U1. aX § ror: after n negative iden this emphasizes the affirmative
thought, — os terres [forru]: (‘se opportunity shall offer.”
212. A sit vers, often ancompanied by a sharp threat.—yerarpvoy
Horas: will be a thing accomplished, ive, shall surely be done.
213. nal wore erA.1 affords the motive for 210, and recalls Achilles
from his decision to return to hix hos “Thou hast no need to wreak
Bloody rengeance on him, for thou shalt at some time receive,” efc.—xab
ample: even threefold, proverbial; of. spis rérrov they paves E 136.—
wopleveras: the gifts offered to Achilles as atonement for the wrong are
enumerated in I 121 4f. (seven tripods, ton talents of gold, twonty basing,
FIRST BOOK OF THE ILIAD 26
twelve race horses, seven slaves, efe.), in a passage closing rabra piv abrbex
wévra mopércera 1135. These treasures were delivered in T 243 ff.
214. SPpros [Apes]: far tho form, of- radian 125.—terxeo : cheek thyself.
B16. piv; indeed.—wdwlrepov: of you two, Athena and Hera. The
emphasis given by yé marks the revervnoe felt for these goddesses. — twos:
word, command. —«pbeeactes: protect, observe, by obedience, Cf. 239.
217. ral «rh.: “however much enraged."
218. 65 xe xrd.: ie. if any one. “Whoever obeys the gods is himself
heard by them.” Cf. dv ng DeooeBiys J nul 7d OéAqua atrod wou, rovrow
dxovia (se. & Geds) St. John ix. $1, and Psalm cxlv. 19.—péda: surely,
readily. —r: for its nse in marking the reciprocity of the two clauses, see
on 82.—tdver: guomle aorist; H. $40; G.1202,—atrod: himself. Tho
prominence given to the object of the verb, which is also the aubject of the
previous clause, makes prominent the identity of the two and contrasts
the man with Geis.
219. 4 cal: he spake and, as 528, P 292, 910, 56, 909, 447. This is
always used after a spooch which is reported, whore the sme gram-
matical subject ix continued. —dpyvpdy : adorned with silver nails or studs 5
ef NG, — ox: kept, held, as & 113.
220. 088" dwi@neer: ‘litotes,’—in form saying leas than is roally moants
we $ldc. Cf. f., B 100.
B21. Pena : I, woos gone.
222. werd: into the midst of, among, ws 423, T 264. —Batyorne Wdove :
these assembled daily in the palace of Zeus ag nobles in the hall of their
foudal lord. Cf. of & Beot mip Zyvi wxBrjperes jryopdwvro | xpverdy dv Samide
S14, All were members of his family although they liad separate man-
sions (607), — Homer does not eloarly distinguish between Baiuoves and
Geof, but see on T 420.— The second half.verse is explanatory of the first,
repeating the thought in a different form. (yf. 2 106 ff.
223. dfains: ane, aftor the interruption by Athena which no one
had noticed.
224, ob Aqye x@owes the goddews had not forbidden the anger, but
only n cortaln expression of it.
225. olvoBapls : this was a grievous reproach in the eyes of the ten
perate Grecks.—svde Sppara: eee on 150.—dddoe: the door was the
personification of cowantice ; ¢f 4 243. ‘The poet shows in his story that
these epithets were undeserved by Agamemnon .— Observe the ‘ehiasmus,’
ie. that mds and édddow are separated, while dyzara and xpaboy are
brought together; § 16.0, Cf. 255.
26 COMMENTARY TO THE
226. ts wédepov : for (literally, inio) battle. For the lengthened ultima
before the caesura, a4 491, ¢f. 158.—The last three feet of the verso are
spoudees ; of. B 190.
227. Aaxovbe: of. és Nxov Ha pidurr” dperiy BuneiSerau dvbpav N 277
to ambush, where expecially the volor of men is diwwerned. ‘This ix contrasted
with the open battle (néAquor) of 226. ‘The knights of the Middle Ages
were the first to count ambush dishonorable. —épurriyeew [épurreiow) :
mark the contrast with Aug.
228. wévAyuas: ast had the courage. CY. O43.—mfp: of T 454, Tix
death to me to be at enmity,’ Shakspare Richard Third ii. 1. 60.— The
accent distinguishes xijp, death, from xjp, heart.
© 4: in utd, yes. Tho speaker protende to reeognize hix opponent's
motives. Of. 7 fra wr. of 203.
220. Bopa: -yipa.—dwomipitaBas : provont infinitive in iterative sense;
the following cliuss supplies its object, For the hiatus between the prepo-
sition and the vorb, sce on 398.—edle: genitive after the adverb.—
Avrloy «tern: oppore.
281, GqnoBépos xrA.: emphatic exclamation of vexation.—tra «rA.:
this does not give the reason for tho exclamation, but shows why Aga-
memnon's course is possible. Cy. éxef 112.—oimBavoiew : interpreted by
Achilles (208 f,). He holds the Grecks in part respousible, singe they did
not oppose and rsteain the king.
232. ¥ yip ard: for else, surely. With aorist optafive as potential of
the past, where in Attic we should expect a past tense of the indicative
with dv. Cf. B81; me § 18 d8; 1. 896; G. 1899.
233. trl Gpotuan: suceur thereto, take an oath pon i.
234. vibe catperpov: ly this scepter here, which ho had just received
from a heralil; see on 15, Bor coths by this symbol of power, see By
nioy £3 oxcjerpov dvéryeBe mir Geoto HAI with these words he lifted the
scepter to all the gods, & 8 tv xepat oeiirrpov MBE xa! of Buran K 2
So King Richard swears +Now, by my aceptre's awe, I make » vow,’
Shakepere Richard Second 1, 1. 118.8 pd: demonstrative. Ae garely
ss this staff shall never put forth leaves, so surely shall the Achaeans miss
— This is imitated by Vergil (Aen. xii. 206 ff), ut sceptrum
hoc... nunquum fronde levi fundet virgulta nee umbras, | cum
somel in silvia, imo de stirpe recisum, | matre earet, posuitque
agetbracchia ferro; |... patribuaque dedit geatare Lati-
nis, Cf. Wagner's Tannhauser, ‘Not till this crosier buds and blocs,
shail thy sin be forgiven,"
FIRST BOOK OF THE ILIAD 27
235, Smt Bh epra: 900 on
236. yip pa: as 113,—4: the living shoot, while piy below is the
eniperpov made from it, —xeAxéer ive. the tool of bronze; oft the English
poetic use of steel for sword.
237. $idda KrA-: ZAofey ns o ‘verb of depriving’ is followed by an
accumtive of the thing taken away,—vov abre: now on the other hand, but
now. adre in this use differs little from atrdp. CY. , $33, 4 321.
238. Searméhor: nppositive, as ministers of justice. For its position,
oo § 11 j, —Ohurras: for the inflection, aoe H. 216, D7; G. 201, 14.
239. wpbs Aubs: before the eyes of Zeus, in the name of Zeus. Cf. wpds
Up loviw tpaivors Z 450.—elpbarar: defend: of. 216,—For the ending,
see § 44 1.6 6: attracted to the gender of dprog. C7. B 5, 73; see EH. G81.
240. j: repeats tho yal of 234. Cf. 86,—"A,Aios: instead of gucd,
with feeling. Cf B250, 1 99, and Hector’s challenge to the bravest Greek
to fight "Exrop Sy H 75, Edmund says, ‘Yot Edmund was beloved?
Shakspere King Lear v. 3, 239; Antonio anys, «Tell her the process of
Antonio's end," Shakspere Merchant of Venice iv. 1. 274.
241. otpwarros: for the prominence of its position, seo on 52.
242. xpavraiv: soait, help; without oblique case, as 559, “Enropor
Orhenorres: tord is used, since the verb is passive in sense, and active only
ef. T 61, 198; seo H. 820.—For the epithet of Hector, of
homicidam Hectorem Hor, Bpod. xvii. 1
243. whereas: for the mood, cf. Txwyos 130.—tSo: in thy brunet,”
244. xudpavor full of rage (40. at thyself).—8 ve: dre re, that; ¢f. 8 120,
412.—eiflr: aecumtive of specification (strietly, cognate accumtiv
instend of the simple of. —&purrov: this was strictly trav; . B80,
See on Bios 7.
245, work... yoln [yp]: here a sign of anger.—wort: adverb with
Bide Tt is followed by the dative becanm of the state of rest that
follows the action, (y. 441, 593, B 176, T 80; see 1. 788; G. 1225, 2,
—By this act, Achilles says plainly that ho will not discuss the matter
further.
246. memnppiror: studded, ax deooration,
247. éripubey: eon 191.—Anguer was raging, continued his rage. Cf. 1
—rotes: for the dative, of. 68.—Néerwp: the oldest and wisest of the
Achaoans before Troy. For rposition here, of. Nestor conpo-
nere lites|inter Peliden festinat et inter Atriden: | hune
amor, ira quidem communiter urit utrumque. | quidquid deli-
rantreges, plectuntur Achivi Hor. Epis. i. 2.11 ff.
EE
28 COMMENTARY TO THE
249. v0: relative, limiting yAdouys.—xnt: also, belongs to the whole
sentones, referring ta }iverjs, which is explained by the comparison; cf:
406, B $27, 860,872. Cicero translates; ox oius lingua mello duleior
fluebat oratio de Sen, 10; of. tibi Homerici senis mella proflu-
oro Pliny Bp. iv. 3, yAvecay ot dnd orrdparos pie atdy Hos, Theog. 97, and
of. Pleasant words are as an honeycomb, sweet to the soul, and health to
the bones’ Proverbs xvi. 24.
250. for the dative of interoat with épGiaro, ¢/: B 295.—yewal:
generations, reckoned as of about thirty yearseach. Since Nestor was now
in the middle of the third goneration, he is to be thought of as about «three
score and ten’ yenrs old. In y 245, ten yours Intor, he is said to have
reigned rpis yore drdpav. Cf. tor acvo functus sonex Hor. Carm. ii, 05
‘Tennyson's words of Sir Bedivere in the Morte d"Arthur, *Not tho’ I live
three lives of mortal men,”
261, ot: construction according to eense, referring to dvpumuv rather
than to yewal:—ot: dative of accompaniment with dya.—rpdpev erh.: for
the ‘hysteron proteron,’ sce § 16 /. The moro important or obvious
element is mentioned first,
292. rpirdroiew: i.e. in the thint generation,
254, & wéwor: can this be! —"AxenSa yotav:
accusative of limit of motion, see 19; H. 722; G. 1005. Cy. #1, 922.
255, ‘Tho thought of the preceding verse is repeated in different form;
honce the laok of conneotive ; soe § 15 b.—yqtjra.: singular to agroe with
the nearest subject; contrasted, by the caesural pass, with aév6os tedve.
The aorist is inceptive; ¢f. 33. For the form, ace § 44 ¢.—For the
‘ohiastic’ arrangement of verhs and their subjects, qf: 225.—Tiplapos . . .
aifes: as 1288, 431,36, Of course, if Prinm should be glad, all the
Greeks would be sorry, Cf. Sinon’s argument, hoc Ithacus velit, et
magno mercentur Atridae Verg. Aen. ii. 104.
257. opi paprapivouv: do vobis rixantibus, genitive after mPoiaro.
‘The participle tx supplementary.—rdBe: direct object af the verb,
256, wept pér, wep 64; construe with doré auperior to; with the guni-
tive, as 287.—Povh4y: as fo counsel, in council. —phxeeBar: in baitle, like
pay. —For the thought, of: L179, Twbeby, mept pay rou te nuprepés
Yoo, | «i Bovd9 trdcv dprros 1534. “First in war and first in peace.”
Cf. 490 £, B 202,
259. Hi: of 200.— Cf. «Love and be friends, as two much men should
be; | For L have seen more years T'm wire, than ye,’ Shakspere Jul. Coes,
fy, $181 f,
FIRST BOOK OF THE ILIAD 29
260. H mep iptv: fe, He rep dusts dove, Tho pronoun bs attracted to
the case of dpuor, cf olov xrd. 203 for ofos Hepiloos Iy.—Nestor here
rockons himself with the former generations, in praising tho past in eon.
trast, with the present,
262, Kel of were: the contrast might have been marked by dAAd, bub
is only implied by the contoxt,—of ye: amphasized with referenos to
Apeivow.
262, yép: refers to dpcloow 260,— ‘Super: for the subjunctive as
future, of: 184.
263 {, Tluptooy ... Wedsédnnov: Lapithac, a Thesslian mountain folk
famed for its conflict with the contaura. ‘This «trife bagan at the wodding
feast of Peirithous (a friend of Theseus) because of the insolenoe of the ine
toxicated contaurs; of B 741 ff, The battle furnished mbjects for the
sculptures in the west pediment of the temple of Zeus at Olympia, for the
metopes on the south side of the Parthenon at Athens, for the decoration
of the shield of Athena Promachus on the Acropolis, and for the orna~
ments of the shoes of the chryselephantine statue of Athena in the Parthe-
non, for tho frieze of tho temple of Apollo at Phizaleia, and for the frieze
of the tomb of Mausolus (the ‘Mausoleum *) at Halicarnassus, as well as
for vases and other works of art.
266, nipmeros: predicate; «theso wore tho mightiest over born on
earth"; cf. B 216, 673. — For the repetition of xdprurroy, cf. that of rele
of 273 1.; noo § 16 >, — Bh: doubtless, strengthens the eupariativo, as it
often does,
267. wiv: without corresponding 8% as 269 and frequently. In such
cans, it is equivalent to pojvy.— tay [foay}: without an augment.
268. dnpotv: of. BTA.
269. wal: even, Construp with rolrw. The new thought ia intro-
duced by ead also in 271, 273, with increasing emphasis. —Tho thought
returns to 261.—retow: ic. the Lapithae. The dative is governed by
prerd in composition ; of. xadiew 125.
270. & dering yotns = from a distant land; explains ryAdBer.—xaMearro :
called to their aid. — Nestor is fond of relating achievements of his youth,
as at A 819 if, H 124 ff, A 070 ff.
271, nar’ iy abrév: by myself alone, ic. saa single champion (mpduaxos
TSl). Cf. xard opine B S66, —xeivous: Le. the contaura,
272. ot vov nrh.: who now tive ax mortals upon the earth, ‘The coustruc-
tion would havo seemed mors natural if Sporés had been in the main
clause, ax of rig raw Bporéy of érxGénol dow, Cf. Z 452. — imino
80 COMMENTARY TO THE
equivalont to éxi ydort Gyre. Seo H. 5S8.—paxdorre: present optative
from parxdopat & collateral form of payopas, ¢f- albdoBas 23 with alBonera
331,
273. PovAtwv [ovAdy): for the form, see § 34 d.— Note the parallelism
of the two halves of tho ve TD.
275. dynes mp div: as 131, —éroalpeo [ddaipod]: ‘ayncopated’ from
Groupie, $47 f, It is followed hy two accusatives, as 182,
276. to: #0, xovjpyy.— sn wpira: as once; of. B.—Béeav: a4 on 124,
299.
277. pire Bde: noli; c/: B27. — Paes: used of Agamemnon, as 9,
278. dynBinv;: originally cognaw accusative; se. pda, of. C435. ‘The
adyorb receives omphuais from its position. — el wo" dpolns: ive. a greater.
The Greek idiom leaves to the connection the determination of the exact
meaning. Cf. post mihi non simili poena commissa luetis Verg.
Aen. i. 196. —ippope: fias share of, has received. This is followed by a
«genitive of the whole”
279. enqrrotyos: seo on 15.—g re Zain wrA-: see on 176.
280. al: not conditional in thought here, but refers to a matter of fact.
Of. at rare notipas da, viv abrd px yiipus Sndga A 921, — waprepds: as 178.—
Ga 84 rA.: second claus of the protasis, explaining the first; “ being gon
wn Bed: ie. Theting cf 351 Mf.
as in 82,—whadmoww i ace B 108, 576 fF.
282. “Arpeiby, ei Bz the yooative in Greek poetry often precedes the
clause with which it is connected ; of course it has no syntactical construc
tion in the sentence, and thus cannot be followed immediately by dé.
B S44, Z 80, “Exrop, drip of wot doo mari mat mirvia pojryp % 429.—
wav: of. 102, 207. — trap lye yer “ And I alo on my part beg thee.””
283. AMewopas: sc. od. —“AXAAR: dative of opposition. The name ix
used with special emphasis (cf. 240), instead of the pronoun (275, 261).
—paliper: of: peBripor B 241. — os phys ard: tho motive for the request.
284. ipnos woMpovo: as 209; of, Epxos Axdvrww A 197, Ypxor Bedéww
£316. For the ablative! genitive, ace § 19a. With another use of the
genitive, Ajax is called gpxog "“Ayudiv T 220 bulwark of the Achaeans.
206, warra: Is not to bo urged in meaning. It refers expecially to
284. “All this is true, but — Agamemnon admits no fault on hia
part, but throws all the blame on Ac of. dAdd, below.
287. mpl wavrwr: of. 258.
288. This verse repeats the thought of the foregoing. ‘The speaker's
passiot is shown by the use of aynonymous expressions. § 12 d.
FIRST BOOK OF THE ILIAD 31
289. &; in which, aoousative of specification.— ywd: some one, expe
cially Agamemnon himeelf,—qelew0as: from webu.
290. elxynriv: pregnant, for xparepis alyayris TP 170. — terav:
equivalent to drotpmy. (yf. Ityner 2.—alav dover: of: Oeaov alayoriwy
B 400.
291. wpobiowrw: i.¢, commision him, allow him, The word seoms
chosen here with refererice to ecu».
293. yap: Achilles givos at onco the renson for his course. —madeot-
Sway: should be called, i.e. should ba, Cf, B 200, P 138.
294. From Agamemnon’s complaint, 287 #., Achilles infers with
éxaggeration that ho ia expected to obey in everything (way deyor).—at
ease that T actually.” —dmegopar; the form of the condition is
changed, and the future indicative is used in the protusis instead of the
optative.
295. 64; construe with the imperative, as 131.—ratra: fie. xiv dpyor
etnerBus — pi yap pol: in contrast with dou.
296. od: construe with gy as in prose they ars united, oxért,— dle:
with the future infinitive, as 170.— This verse ia parallel with 259,
297. Thin verve is used whon the apeaker changes tho subject in the
middle of his xpesch. It ix followed by the new thought, without a con
+ — Cf. avoipite ergo animin atque have mea figite dicta
ili. 250.
298. piv: correlative with £300. ‘The contrast is changed from that
hotween action and heart, to one between xoipys and ray &\Awy.— wospms :
would have the article in pros.
299. d0ve%: the norist assumes that Agamemnon’s threat has beom
executed, und the second person holds the Achaeans responsible because
of thelr acquiescence (cf: 231).—Sérres: ye who gace. Cfe Achilles’
words, yépas Bé or 3s ep Tuner | airde Uf PBpifuw Dero «pecaw "Ayapiuvor
1307 f. The yépas was « gift (cf. 8éouv 278), nob a right, like the share
‘in the booty,
300. Gof: for such standing opithuts, ms § 12 a.—wapa wat: fe. in my
tent; ¢/: 320.— For the position of the adjective, see § 11 m.
BOR. nav: repeats rio GAAww.— oie dy m ipos: the optative with dy
and a negative often expresses a confident expectation, and sometimes
Spproaches a thrent, as hore. — pews dwedtvs of: Bw Edsiv 139,
a; retains its original force as an interjection. «Up then,
come." — Bye: asin 62.—ywbwon: rhal! recognize i, perceive it, referring to
the following vere. Cf. 185, 333.—For the form, of. Seay 137,
82 COMMENTARY TO THE
303. Tho proceding reipyoox represonta a protasis to which this would
be the spordosis; ¢f- 583. * If he tries, he and the rest will find out.”
904. paxnvopire: cf. udyerOu 8.
305. dwerqeyy: stood up, rose from their seats, —Gray: the dual and
plural are xeen to be used in this verse without special distinction. Gf.
$21; o0e H. 634; G.165.—Tho speeches of 286-303 wore uttored infor
imally, while sitting; ¢f. 246,
307. Meomdby: Patroclus was so well known to the hearers of Homer,
from old stories and songs, that he needed no mors exact designation
hore; see § 392, When a boy in Opus, Patroclus killed a comrade in w
fit of anger and was taken by his father to Phthia, where Peleus received
him kindly (W 84 #f.), and brought him up with Achilles. He attended
Achilles on this Trojan expedition as his warmest and most faithful friend
and squire (Gpdrav). Cho narrative of his exploits fills a large part of
the Sixteenth Book of the Ztiad. He was slain by Hector (11818 ff). To
arenge his death, Achilles ends his quarrol with Agamemnon. Most of
the Twenty-third Bock is occupied with an account of the funeral games
in his honor.
308. —"Arpetms xrA.: re. as ho bad planned (dpa), 141 ff.—wpolpwrwev:
caused to be drawn down from its position on shore; of, 480, B 152 £.
809. t Bi as 142, All four adverbs (8, és, dv, é) refer to via, sup-
plied from 808.—t Bt: into ir, ndyerb with Pijere.—lelkoow: shige for
other purposes than war generally have twenty oarsmen in Homer,
B10. Bawe: of: Bijroper 144.— dvi: adverb with deev (norist from iw).
311. Gyev: se on lev 138, —Apxds: gf 144. —"Obvereeig: ax wadtpyr,
rroAvprjxavos, ho wag often sont on embassies; ¢f D205. Seo § 6a.
312. The story which is here broken off, of tho voyage to Chrys, is
resumed at 480.
313. dmodvpalwedar: they were to purify themselves symbolically from
the sin of Agamemmon which had brought upon them the pestilence. Cf
the action of the children of Isracl, after their Idolatry: ‘And they
gathered together to Mizpeh, and drew water, and poured it out before
the Lond, and fasted on that day, and said there, We have sinned against
the Lord 1 Sam. vii, 6. They trusted that the polation would depart
from them into the sea, where they washed themyelves.
315. rAnéroas: soo on 68.
316. wapa Ova: as id. Tho lino of people was stretched out along the
strand.
B17. wepl xanvic around, in the emoke. Seo § 55 a.
FIRST BOOK OF THE ILIAD 83
318. Transition to another scene, which fills the blank during the
journey of the embassy to Chrysa— ard exparsv: (down) through the
camp; of dvk orparéy 10, 63, mart vjas BT, work Aupovs B306.— For
the transition, at the bucolic dineresin,” see § 68 2.
319. ipibor: a8 210, — mparov:: once ; soe an 6.—drqmcdqoe: see 181 ff.
220. xpoetarer: is regularly followed by the direct nddress in the
next varwo, but occasionally some incidental romark intervenes by way of
parenthesis,
321, Nepdmovee: companions, squires. Patroclus is Ogdmer of Achilles,
brave warriors are called Gepdeavres “Apyos (B 110), and kings are Gepde
movres Suds.
322, Ipxertov: here followed by the accusative of *limit of motion.’
§10 . — Agamemnon does not go in person (airés 185), since Achilles had
declared (208) that he would make no resistance.
323. xapés: genitive of the part touched, with dAdvre. CY: xdjpge 197,
‘yoru 407, 500, nobds 691.—Adyduy [ya]: infinitive for the inperative,
parallel with dpyeafor. Cf. Atow 20.— Thin contains an explanation of
the preceding iinperstive and henoe ix not connected with It by a conjuno-
tion (§ 15 8); of 863,
324 = 137, with bégow for Saou
325. wat: strengthens Mywv.
926, la... frddev; a5 25.— poor: ie. the preceding command.
327. Aleovre: because of thoir dread and reverence for Achilles; of: 931
— Béenv (4 52 ¢): dual forms generally have no augment in Homer.—wap&
va: ef: 247. ‘The quarters of Achillos wore at the extreme right of the
camp; of. ée Alavrog wdurlag .. 2 98" de "AXAATon tol f° Zoxura vijus
Uoos | dpvaar, Hropty ricve sud ndpre xapiiw AT ff, to the tents of Ajax
aud to those of Achilles, who drew up thelr skips at the extremities of the ine,
treating to thelr bravery avi the strength of their arma.
329. rév: refers back to 322, viz. Achilles.
330. o¥6' ipa: hut naturally not.—yitnow
inceptive aorist; ¢f. 33, 02, 255.
331. rapBhrern: seized by fear (the opposite of Gapmjous 85), while the
present aldoyéw expresses the continued attitude of their minds,
333. 6 Fyre: for the hiatus, cf. 582, B 105; sce § 27 b,—tywer ge.
their errand,
334. xalpere: the customary greeting. Aus Byyho erd.: they are
inviolable servants of Buorpepéow Pacddsjor (on 176). Hermes ix nob yet
the patron god of heralds in Homer,
did joy enter his heart";
34 COMMENTARY TO THE.
835, tratnor: fo lume; acedoré. Cf. 153. —"Ayophaney: sc. trulruis dor.
336. 8: 5s. —nmipgs: xoipos and xodpy ard used especially of young
men and women of noble families. But xofpa 'Axudw (473) does not
diffcr materially, except in metrical form, from ves ’Ayadar (162).
338. Byav: final infinitive ; of- pdyerOue 8, dyguey 443, B ATT, LT.
ie 8 abrd: these two themscloes. he very men who executed the unjust
ordor are to be witnesses of ite injustice and of Achilles’ justification im
withdrawing from active service.
339. wpés: in the right of, before. CY. 230, Xen. An. 1.0.0. For the
ruputition of the preposition, of that of & 436 M1.—tedv, dvipdmuy: for x
strong ® all persons.”
240. wat: after ri, ré, giver special prominence to this clause, —sepde
ro Parties darqulos : Nefore thut bing, the eruel bing; equivalent to xpés
rovrov rot ParNios rot dxqrovs. For the order of words, of: 11, ror
AuByripa trex Bédov B 275. Sinco the article is stiit a demonstrative in
Homer, the foregoing are merely apparent exceptions to the rule that the
attributive adjective stands between the article and its noun.— 8} abre:
for the *synixesis,’ of; 11.—aire: not again, marking a repetition, but
indicating a situation opposed to the present; of. 2
341. xpud yrmrar: this happens in the Ninth Book; me § 6 7.—The
object before the speaker’s mind is Agamemnon. ence at the close -of
tho sentence, rois Mois is used instond of the goneral word “Ayauis.
B42. rote GAdoww: dative of interest with dydvas, of. OT, —yep= lengths
ened, as B 39, for an unknown reason,
B43. 0684 m2 and not at oll.—voReas xrA.> proverbial expression for
prudence; cf. F100.—The infinitive follows ofS, knows how.
944. of; ethical dative with odes payeoiare.—paxsolare [ydxowro] :
that they should fight, The present of the principal sentence is followed by the
optative, since the purpose is presented as a mers conception of the mind.
347. Byuw: as 338.—abrig: like wid 50.
848. dikowa: this indicates that Briscis was more than & more yépas
to Aohillas, and that his anger arose net aimply from tha inault offered to
his dignity but also from wounded lave. So at 1340 he asks whether the
sons of Atreus alone love their wives; he loves his heartily, though she in
captive. In T287 ff, she mourns bitterly for the dead Patroclus on hor
return to the tent of Achilles. —yurq: explanatory apposi ith je
‘The scene ends at the ‘bucolic diaervsia® ($58 A); of. 218, 480, —eivip
“AxOOaie erh.2 a simple description of the effect which the Joss of Briseis
had upon the hero, without depicting his feelings in modern fashion,
FIRST BOOK OF THE ILIAD 85
ACHILLES SENDS AWAY BRISEIS
B49. Saxpéerae : fell to weeping. Burst into tears is perhaps too strong &
translation, but gives the inceptive force of the acrist.— trépuy; construe
with yderghs AnerBeis-—Gipap + construe with Aumabels, ¢f- 594.
350. Ow’ Hp Ades ri Ota erh. Consirus with Wero.— ip: is
accented, in apite of lision, in order to prevent the render from con-
struing it with ddde (55 ¢ B).—Ad6e: dde and OéAuqon are tho general
words for sen; wirros is the high, deep séa (often with reference to a par-
tloular tract; <f. B 145) ; ré\ayor, the open soa.
B52. worAd: 05 35.—dpeyvis: not dromxdv (xelpas dvaryciv 450), since
while invoking the ma divinity he stretched out his hands toward the
deep. Cf.1608, where Althasa beats upon the ground as she calls upon
the nether gods; palmas ponto tendens utrasque.,.Di, quibus
imperium eat pelagi Verg. don, v. 238 Mf
36 COMMENTARY TO THE
352. trade ye: the prominence given by yé emphasizes the fact as
responsible for the inferences which is drown from it “Sineo you gave
me birth, you ought to see that Iam made happy. Zeus ought to grant
me honor ainos he does not youchsafo me long life." —pewvybdBver : equiva
ont to éuvuopos 417.— wip: in its original use, very.
853. swwty ep: honor at least; placed first with emphasis, *Chiastio’
with jurvOdduy (§ 16 a).—8geXdev: tho past tonso of verbs of obligation
is usod to imply that the obligation was nt complied with.
854, iBoudrns: cf: Savy 88 Bpdvrywe marhp dvbpiv re Beibv re | Tpoder
(Ohundered terribly from on high) ¥ 56.— vow 8: but as it is, marking a return
to the reality from a merely hypothetical case; of. 417, B 82.
256. éddv ta: differs from dA¢ chielly in giving prominence to the
possession as still continued. C/. (of the same act) der" Zyu 8 doxor
1386, —Amo¢pas: participle of dinpipov 430; explanatory of ¢Adv. For
the strengthening by ards, of: 187, 161, 185, 324,
857. i ddro xrA.: cf. sic fatur laorimans Verg. Aen. vi. 1.
358, rarpl ylpovn: i.e. Nerous, who is not named by Homer but only
designated as Duoz yépov (538). His home is in the Aegean Sea, With
him is Thetis, who has Jefb her aged husband Peleus,
359, Adég: ablatival genitive, from the sea. See § 19 a.— iin’ oplyan:
like a mist, which rises easily and quietly from the water; the com-
parison Is ospocially fitting for a sa goddose Cf, / As evoning mist |
Risen from a river o'er the marish glides,” Milton Por. Lost xii. 629 f.—
For the Homeric comparison, cf: 47 5 sco § 14.
360. wépow" abroto: before Aim(self). The intensive pronoun contrasts
Achilles himself with his voice, which his mother had just heard; ¢/ 47.
Seo § 42 A.—Séxpy xéovros: the repetition of theas words from 357 is
characteriatic of the fullness of epic style.—The Homeric heroes were
never ashamed to express emotion, They wept copiously.
361. worpde: for the single p after tho augment, soo § $0 «—For the
epic fullness, of: 67, $8.
cousatives of the whole and part, —thy heart.
the second imperative repeats the thought of the
first, honce the ‘asyndeton"; of: 828.—rby: na in 192,
364. Bap6: cf. etpis 59, ueyn 78.
365. oleta: ¢/. 355 {.—%: is not a simple sign of «question in Homer
(00 on 133), and hence can be joined with r/.—tvlg: intransitive. —
Though hin mother knows all, Achilles tells the story. A man in suffers
ing finds relief in rehearsing his ills, and this recital was followed by the
FIRST BOOK OF THE ILIAD 87
sympathy of tho poot’s hearers. ‘Tho rvpotition is moro natural because
the consequences of thes avents continue through the whole poerm.—
dyopeée: ‘subjunctive of deliberation.’—For the verbal repetition, «f,
B 10-15, 23-31, 60-70,
366. Observe that this story ix introduced withoat a conjanction.—
txéua: se. on his maranding expeditions in the neighborhood of Troy:
Seo on 125. — Offmv: the connection of Chrysois with Thebs is not mado
plain, Was she there on a visit? Or were Theba and Chrys sacked on
the sume expedition ?—tepqv> since the gods wore worshipped there, —
Note the simple order of words.
367. fyoper dase: Andromache tells of the sack of the city, of her
father's death and her mother’s captivity, in Z 414 ff.—#yoper> implice live
ing creatures, especially prisoners. Cf. dépuw 15,
‘368. «: properly, so that exch received his duo shur.— Séewarro: of.
BiSarras 125, dacpds 160.
369. & 8’ Tov: ns yipas (éaiperor, ¢f- B 227), besides his share of the
spoils. See on 124.—Tho eaptore of Chrysa (37), or at least of Chryseis,
on the same expedition ia assumed here. B 600 ff. shows that Lyrnessus
was sacked, and Brisais taken captive, on the same voyage, which seems to
have been shortly before Chryses’ visit to the camp.
371-379 = 12-16, 22-95,
380. edd: back; of. whAw wruyxDivras OD, Ber wiikey 110,
381. $005 fev: sc. 5 yqpav. This was shown by the event.
382. dw “Apycloun: fr with a dative of the person in Homer often
implies hostility, like dei with the accusative in prose; of. 51, P15, 182.
—nexdv of. 10,— Pdsor : an 51,
383. draceirepa : in quick succession ; of. 62.
304. Spps [nly] + for us.
385. Gowpowlas : an 87, —dehirove: of the Far Darter. ixaror in a short,
«pet? form of terpAédoe (as ‘Exdry was a name of the moon goddess).
Cf. Sux 30. For similar epithets of Apollo, sce § 29 /.
386. aérica: for the lack of a conjunction, 90m § 16 d-—sedépmy: of:
€2 ff, and see on 74,
387. Ayprlave xr. 2 equivalent to “Arpewy dyosiOn (af. xoAwBels ).
388. rigor pidoy: the English idiom reverses the construction, he
uttered the threat.—&: 65, a8 336.
389. tiv piv: contrasted with ripy 8 391.—eiv vqly with o ehip, almost
equivalent to by ship. This expression seus more instrumental than
‘whore the comrades also are mentioned; ¢f. 179, 183,
388 COMMENTARY TO THE
390. mipmowrw: escort (§ 17). The present is used, since the act
is not completed. The ‘historical present’ is not Homeric. —&yoves
Si: a subordinate member of the sentence, with ‘chinstic’ relation to
méurovew (§ 10).—Sépa : i.e. viotims for sacrifice. —évanrs: Apollos of
30, 444.
391. rhy Bi erh.: contrasted with 389.—wov: adverb with dfay
Eyorres.— Paw [ZBqrar] Byorms: of: EBay dépovom B 202, BF decyar
B 665. olyoua is more frequently used with a participle; ef B71,
olyerOar mpobipovew Dida Z 340. See on My 138, 168,
392. Shear xrA-: a4 102; Heo on LAL.
393, wasbis Mor: My valiant son. Tt seme part of the poet's nawetd
that the heroes apply such epithets to themselves ; but the phrase ix part
of the poet's stock, and he handily thinks whether he is applying the epl-
thet himself or is putting it in the hero's mouth.
994. Ack: for the longth of the ultima befor Alou, soo § 50 A.—e
wore: of. 38, 508 ff.
395. tra, tye: emphatically placed in contrast, at the beginning and
the close af the vorne.—epablyv Aués : for the ‘periphrasis,’ soo § 16 d.—
Hi mak: or alvo.
396, wolMaw: for the oniasion of final s se § 30 [eles genitive of
source with dxovra,—warpée: ie. af Peleus, in Thessaly, where Thetis
scems to have remained after her marriage until the outbreak of the
‘Trojan War; ef, 1 221 ff. (whern.mention is made of the chest of Achilles
that Thetis packed for him aa he set out for Troy). See on 358.
397. edxopéens: eupplementary participle with oo, of. 257.—Sre wrAst
explains elyonéys. See § 11).
398. daxia nrA.: as B11 5 of. 67.
399. dewore: when once upon a time,—Thetis makes no use of this
suggestion in her interview with Zeus. Aristotle observes this, and
remarks that men do not care to be reminded of the favors which they
have received.
400. The three divinities named are now on the aide of the Achaeans.
401. ABoira : 500 on jéy 138.—O6 : marke her power to accomplish.
~tuddirae Burpav: divist loose from unier the chains, dist free from the
pressure of the chains. 'Transition to direct discourse from the infinitive
construction of 898; cf. B12, 126; wee § Le.
402. ixaréyxapov: cf. contimanus Gyas Hor. Carm. ii. 17. My
belus conticops id. ii, 18. 34.—xadirara : ty calling, colncident in time
with tmreAvouo.
FIRST BOOK OF THE ILIAD 89
403. Bpipwy: by transfor of quantity for Bpwipg, § 2% c. The
name (Heavyhanded; cf. Bpwpés) marks his strength and character,
He is called Aljuiuy (Stormy ; of. alyés, Aiyai, Atywa) in the popular upaseh,
as aneadivinity. He is the personified might and roar of them, Hesiod
makes him aid Zeus against the Titans.—Homer attributes to the lan-
quage of the gods names which are going out of use (but which may seem
clearer in meaning than the others); of B813£ See on B 782,
404. adres on his parl.—ob worpés: inc. Powidon, the mighty sea god.
All of Poseidon’s sons are represented as violent.—ob: of: #v 72.
405. 8s Ja: 40 he; for the demonstrative uso of tho relative, soo § 42 p.
—reiBet yatow: delighting in tho fullness of his might,—This sooms to play
upon the name Aijaéwv,
406. wat: also; marks the effect corresponding to mid yulum. Cf. 249,
—tnfueay: for the longth of the antepenult, ¢f. 3. xd with verb of
fearing, flocing, yielding marks the superiority on the side of the person
who fa the efficient cause.—wt: indicates the close connection of the two
clauses ; of. 82, 218, B179.—t&neer; possibly w play on Barun.
407. ray: poo on 160.—plv: construe with arjouou. mupéfeo woulil
govern the da This was
the attitude of a suppliant ; of. 600 fl.
408. at wiv woe : cf; 0. ket dphfas® come 0 the aiid of, Cf. the foree of
drt in 345.
409. xara mpiuvas: the ships wore drawo up with thoir sterus toward
the and.— yg’ 6a: alout the aca, ie./on the shore between the proman-
tories Sigéum and Rhootfum. Until now the battles had been fought on
the plain, far from the ships and near the city. Cf Achilles’ words, ddiea
B ty per’ "Ayuwiow woddutor, | abe Widerne pay dnd reixos Saviner
"Exrup 1352 £. As long as F was fighting among the Achaeane, Heefor uss not
willing to rouse the bottle meay from the wall (of the clty).—tAxesods = in
apposition with rove.
410. tnadpavrar® may come to enjoy; ironical. Cf. ¢
rant reges, plectuntur Achivi Hor, Epist. i. 2. 14
ALL. wal: alse, i, ag woll ns the other Greeks.
+ hie line éyfatwation, this Mindness, ‘This is made u
yD re ard. (i. Gre re), ws 2H. Cf BM.
413. xard: constrne with xdown,
414. rf wv: why now, to what end; accusative of specification. —alvé
cognate uccusative with recotou, dreadfully, to sorrow. Cf. naxg alo 418
Thetis calls herself Guoupurrordxea % Gb mother of an wnhappy hero.
idquid deli-
re
40 COMMENTARY TO THE
415. all’ Sam; for this form of expression for an unattainable wish,
noo HE, 871 aj G. 1512.—ABéxpuros xrA.: ie, full of joy and happluess.
This thought reocives the emphaain.
416, ala: ae, dori. *
¢ the or! to be supplied, which is sometimes modified by an
adverb in Homer (§ 18%). Of; dxijw dyévovro cowry P95, 088° dp’ Ere Sir |
Fy Z 189 £, A466, “nor did he live long."—o8 m pdda Biv: the preceding
thought is repented in nogative form.—For the length of the ultima of
para, se § 59h B.
417. viv &; as 354.—ré: its position is free; of. B 281.
£ thou art, literally thow becamest by deores of {uta ordered at
thy birth.—rg: therefore. Sho infers from the foregoing, not the fact
but tho justification of the expressions alva rexoieo, anxy aloy.—Kaxg atorg:
fo an evil Int.
419. robvo twos: ic. 407 1.—rot: dative of interest; of. rol 425 f.—
fplovea future participle, expressing purpose.—Both ‘hiatus’ in this
vers are merely apparent. §§ 27 N.B., 82.
420. “Odvproy dydvnipov: soo on 44.—at ee wlDqran: of: 207.
421. ob pév: correlative with 426, ‘The interposed explanation makes
it natural to change the form of the apodosis from éyu 6¢.—viv: fe. until
hor visit to Zous.—swapfyevos: as 488. Inactivity is implied; of. B 688,
694,—Thetis does not encourge her son to carry out his threat of 169,
to return to Phthia,
prevent imperative, continue to rage. See on 210. Cf.
423. Zeig yap erd.: givos the reason for the proceding direction, espe
cially for viv, showing why his request cannot be granted at once. —é&
"Duewrdv: to the abode of Oceanus, near which was the home of the Aethio-
pians, ‘The Aethiopians lived in the southeast and southwest of the
Homeric world. ‘They are represented as a god-fearing people, enjoying
the personal intorcaurve of the divinities. —erd: ag 222.
: predicate adjective instead of adverb, as 472, 497, B 2,
word [perd] Stra: of nard wpm onan errand, shethiere
pautht Nyda, wanidering for phuniter.— dpa whiew: 6/:405.—teores s apparent
contradiction of 195, 221 f,, whore Athena and Hora are thought of a8 on
Olympus. .
425. Gofecira: of. St. This is reckound from the day on which
‘Thetis is speaking, ‘Lwelve is sometimes o round number, in Homer ag
well as in the Bible. —déoera: dow
FIRST BOOK OF THE ILIAD 41
426. xadxofarie: with bronze threshold, an epithet applied four times
to the home of Zeus, once to that of Hephaestus, and once to the palace of
Alcinous. ‘The thraahold of wood was probably covered with a plato of
bronze, The floor of the hall of Zeus was coversd with guld, 42. Cf.
‘and the floor of the house he overlaid with gold, within and without,’
4 Kings vi. 80, of Solomon's temple.
427. nol per, xol jay: for the animated repetition, cf. mad juv Bidov
dyov wat pav dye dpa “Adonis mpoldipay K 188, 190 and J hit him
in the shoulder, and I said that I should tend him to Haves. —youvberopax:
of. Naf yorven 407.
428. éeiPfeero: only in this place in the verse, before the bucolic
dinoresia (§ 58 A); elsewhere, diy is used; soo § 50 b.—abrod: intensive
when adverbial (not very frequent) in Homer, as wall as when & pronoun.
429. yuvausse: yenitive of cause, with ywduerov, See on ebywdije 65.
430. Big xrA.1 by force, against his will.— Blnovroy: sc. Wey, genitive of
separation.
#30-487. The sceno in Chrys naturally intervenes bebween the
Promise of Thetis and its fulfillment, and thus seme to fill up in part the
twelve dayw’ delay. See on T' 121
$30. airdp Obvewrs «rA.: of. 3L1 ff.—For the beginning of the narra~
tive, of the tranaition at abrip "Ayaan IHS.
491. teow Bywv: oft Epon’ dxwr 108, hae Texouhépras Eyov viv davrod
Simpy Xen. An, ii 4. 8, dywy, with, is used because the hecatomb was
composed of live animals. See on 13.
433, isria oriQavro: they took in their eails. The middle takes the
Plaoa of a possessive pronoun. Cf. 480, 524
495. wpoipervar: when near their haven they furled their sails and
rowed the boat to land
436. d& 64: for the repetition, ¢f. 59 f.5 see § 10.2.—ebwis; these were
large siones whieh served as anchors, Them wore cast from the prow,
while the xpujmjma (476) held the stern. When the beat was ta remain
long, it was drawn up on land.
437. felver: for the descriptive imperfect, of: dipicr 25.—del; for the
length of the ultima, see ¢ 59 j.
430, Pioar: first sorist, transitive, Cf. 144, 101, 910, deryour 448.
439. The rhythm has been thought to imitate the mafden's moasured
steps ; § 15 b.—te: adverb, as above, but more exactly defined by wyés.
440. tei Popsy: tho god is thus made a witness of the return. Thos in
4» Boootian inscription a man emancipates his slave dvurrioy "AorAymoi, in
.
42 COMMENTARY TO THE
the presence of Asclepius. The priest dwelt in the sacred inclosurn (réuevos,
@aos) of the god, Observe that no tample ig mentioned.
441. W xpi rid: placed in the arms. For the dative, of, yaly 245.
For yep as arm, of: Z 81, 182. —stte: for the form, ef; dpi 25.
442, mpd (Hither) tmqujer® cf. xpd Fee 195.
443, dyiper: for the infinitive, of, dyev 996,—dnardpBy pita: cf: leph
pégas 147,
444. drip Aavady: in deholf of the Danat, This figurative use of drép,
frequent in Inter Greck, hardly appears eleowhere in Homer,
446. Chryseis here disappears from the story.
RECONCILIATION OF CHRYSES
448. ising: in onder, since deerdufyy is collective. —termrav: first
aorist, transitive: <f. Bijeay 438.
449. uprivavre: they could not pray to the gods with unwashed hands,
CFT 270, yepat 8° dvierourw Ait Ac(Buy aidora atvor | dlowa (dread)
% 206.othoxorae: unground, brijsed harleycorns (ofa «puul), which,
roasted and mixed with salt (ef: ‘with all thine offerings thou shalt offer
salt,’ Levit. ii, 18), wore thrown upon the fire (rpoBéAovro 468) as an
FIRST BOOK OF THE ILIAD 43
initiatory sacrifice, whence they were proleptically called ofAdyura:, poured
out barleycorns. The use of these in sacrifices is a survival of usage from
the time when the grinding of grain was unknown, Vorgil (ew 4, 179)
is accurate in making the Trojan heroes parch their grain and then bruise
it. —dvorro: took up; se. from the bnsket standing on the grown
450. rolew: for them, ax OS, 247.—peydda: loudly; ef. wodAd 39. —
xelpas dvarxéy: the palms were extended towards the gods, the usual atthe
todo in prayor, as is shown by works of art. (; 351, $18 So alo
among the Hebrews, Cf. «And it came to pass when Moses held up his
hand, that Israel provailed; and when be Ist down his hand, Amalck
prevailed,’ Erodus xvii, 11. See Vocabulary s.0. yeép.
4511, =97 f, With tho same formula with which the priest began
his prayer for vengeance, he now prays that the punishment may be
averted.
453. fpér, 484: parntactic construction, where the English idiom unes
ens... a0") see § 21 d.— BA ore: once already, correlative with ge 405
once more.
454. Explanatory ‘appositive aayndeton.’—rpnews er. + a0. by sen
ing the pestilence which avenged the slight offered to the priest.
455. Kal vév: contrasted with wipos, above, — 148 xrA.: i.e. thie follow
ing wish, as 41.
456. ffm viv: now at once, — Aavaotew «rh. + of: S17. 457 = 13,
458. In the sacrifice described in y 440 ff, the victim's foreloek is cut
off and thrown into the fire, before the barleycorns are offered. —adrap tral:
this is ropentod in this narrative, 464, 467, 460, 184.
459. aifpray: they deve up (back) the head of the victim, in order to
tighten the muscles of tho neck.—tedatar: i.e, opened the large artery of
the neck, to let the blood,
460. ynpods d&irapov: instead of the more definite te juypla tdyvoy, of
40.—rviey: dative af means. Two layers of fat were placed over the
thigh pieces; and upon tho fat, bits of raw meat from all parta of the
body (mivrow weAéwr), aymbolizing a sacrifice of the whole animal. ‘These
were burned, and thus the gods, sceonding to the Homeric belief, took
part in the sacrificial feast. Cy. 317.
461. Bina: fe. cvicrqy, equivalent to BGrAax Syd.
462. eats: ac. the pnpia with the fat and flesh. — exits: of: B A425,
463. vio; inc. the companions of Odysseus, in contrast with & ydpun
the old priest. Cf. B 739, —qag atrov: by the privet himself, who is the
marked as the principal, directing person at the sacrifice. —wepméfoha:”
r
44 COMMENTARY TO THE
these bronze floesined forks soem to have been used to keep the mecrifices
feom rolling into tho aghos,
464. xara néq: tlesn pinoes were Intended for the gods and therefore
wore entirely (xurd) consumed by the fire; of. 4 8° &y wupl Addde OvnAds
1.220 he threw the sacrificial pisces into the sire.—hearror so. in order to
bave a shar in the sacrifice, ‘This was uo part of, but only an introduc
tion to, the moal which followed,
465. plrmvAhov ark. of. pars in frusta secant, verubusque tre
mentia figunt Verg. Aen. i. 212.
466. mepippading: se. to keop it from burning. —ipiwavre: drew it off
from. the spits, after it was roasted,
467. woivarro: tho aorist indicative ia often used in relative clauses
(with dre!) where the English uses the pluperfect, Gf, 484, B 518. See
Hi, 887,
469. eqs: equal, ie. of which ench had a fair share. ‘Tho feast was
comsnon to all, but the leaders had the better portions,
469. A sot verso to mark tho end of a feast; aoe $124. Vergil imitates
this in postquam exempta fames et amor compressus edendi
Aen, viii. 184.—#: construc with dvr, —fpov (ipwra]: for the form,
sve § 37 b.—'The previows pouring out of the wine (which might be
expected) is not mentioned.
470. rodpe pir arA.i ee. for acolemn libation of the whole company,
since only Chryseix poured a libation before (462).—wereto: gonitive after
the ides of ‘fullness’ in the verb.—This verse seems to have boon mis-
understood by Vergil (or did he think to improve the description?) ; oft
crateras magnos statuant et vina coronant den i.724, magnum
craters corona | indnit, implevitque moro Aen. iii, 55
471, wopnray (se. rords): a frequentative of yiue, Tho olvaydor
dipped (dditvrwy 598) the wine from the large Low! (cpynjp) into »
pitcher (mpéxoor)- The codpor proceeded from left to right (éBéu 507)
through tle: company, distributing to the guests (dow, to all), ie. filling
thelr cups for the libation and the banquet. —dwapfdpev: thus beginning
the religious ceremony, equivalent to dpgdjuve éeoduovres. Construe with
bendeoo.
472, eavnpdpios: through the whole day which remained, uninterruptedly
till sunset. For the predicate udjuotive, of 424.
473, xoddv: cognate accusative with defBorres, inatead of mds. Cf. 96,
wraxfjova [muir]: here a song of praise to Apollo aa their preserver,
je verse explains woArg, above,
18.
FIRST BOOK OF THE ILIAD 45
474. pOvmovees eti.+ of. ‘Hymning th’ eternal Father’ Milton Par,
Lost vi. 96, ‘singing thelr great Creator’ id. iv. 634.— For the quantity
of tho ultima of péAmovres, woe §§ 32 a, 50 j.— ppiva of. jp LA. — viper?
Sxover: delighted in hearing. ‘The god hears the soug. (ws he had heard the
prayer), although he is far away, among the Ethiopians.
475. bei Adder: came on.
476, xowsotvro: observe the force of the aorist, laid themselves to rest,
—wapd mpyaviiva: along by the fern hasore (aon on 436), ie, an the aa
shore. Their boat was not drawn up on land; they remained but one
night, Of course the tides on the const of Asin Minor are insignificant,
477. pobobéxrvdo¢: a notable opithet, ‘The ancients had observed the
diverging rays of rosy light before sunrisn, Cf. "Hibs xpoxdrendos @ 1
saffron robed, sin russet mantle clad.
2768. xol rére: rijwoe ix expected after jyos, but the relative is not
always followed by the corresponding demonstrative. For «ui in the
apodosis, so § 21 8, — Aviyorro: (were putting out), put out upon the high
sea; of. mrdyovra, came to land.
479. Uxpevor obpow xrA.: Acolux was master of the winds, but each god
could send a favorable breeze.
480, erjeerro: for the middle, seo on 433,—tevla: what pertains to
the torés, strictly an adjective which has beeome a substantive, The
Homeric boat seems to have had but one sail. 4O1. dppl: adverb.
482. woppiprov; foaming. —peyira: construe with laye—vmée: in the
transitional stage from limiting genitive with are/pg to the genitive abso-
Tuto; ace § 10 9 B.
484, pA: refers to the ponding verse,—Geovre: for the use of the
tense, cf: wutruvro 407.—xard erpardy: opposite (off) the camp, i.e. to the
landing place,"The verse cloves like 478,
485. via piv: correlative with afvol 6f.—¢e’ fmelporo: up on loud, No
difference is discernible between &e¢ with the genitive here and gi with
the dative in 486. €/, 1298 and % 473,
406, bYod «rA.; explanatory of é” Hrrelpow,—i-«, #0 as to rest high on
the mands, where it was before; of. 308.—twe HU: adverb, beneath, ia.
under the ship, —tpara: as B 164, props (sometimes stones), which were
put along the keel on oither side in order to hold the boat steady,
488, airdp 4 pfu: 20, ax his mother had directed, 421 f,
Achilles withdraws from the action for the prevent, In the
an embassy is sent to him, begging him to give up his wrath and take
part in the war (1119 fl.). In the Eleventh Book, he is roused from his
ud _
46 COMMENTARY TO THE
Apathy on sesing the rout of the Achacans (A 599 ff.). In the Sixteenth
Book, when Hector reaches the Greek ships and throws fire into one
of them, Achilles sends Patroclus and the Myrmidons into the coniliet
(IT1f.). He recelvos the news af the doath of Patroclua in tha Right
eenth Book (21 f.), and is reconciled to Agamemnon in the Nineteenth
Book and arms himself for battle (T 40 ff, 36446), He takes part in
the fourth (and last) great battle of the liad, on the twenty-serenth day
of the aotion of the iad. See, further, § 6.
489. vide: for tho short pennit, where « has virtually been lost between
two vowels, wee $20, f,—wd6as dxby KPA: cf: BB.
490. For the ‘asyndeton,” of. 117, 255, 288, 363 weddomero: for the
‘{terative * formation, see § G1.—xvbdvapay: elsewhere epithet of pdyyr.
—The poot docs not aay that aswomblies were hold and battles fought
during these days, but perhaps he implieg
491. whmov: for the long final syllable
object of bOarBerne.
492. abt: right there, in the some plac in his tent. —qwodderne
the participle roBiov might have boon used in tho same wense, Seo § 21 A.
—turfy: baitle ery. Always a trisyllable, and thna newer to be con.
founded with abray, horself.
493, ix rola: the hearer casily recalled the words of Thetis (which
form the starting point of the pie) (421 £.) and the definite statement of
time (425) nd referred de rofe to that interview between mother and son.
494. (way: the stem of dju is here prosorved, without augment.
495, fpxe: fed the way, ns the highest in rank. Cf. F420,
496, § ye: resumes the subject; ef. 07,—dwBGeere wipe: i.e. as sho
sprang up she left the wave, Cf. 359,
497. iyplq: of. 557, P75 with emphasis in this position in the verse.
«While it was yet early morning.” — odpavdy OfAvprdv te: see on 44,
496. wWplora: fur soundi thundering. For the form, perhaps a
stereotyped nominative, soe § 34d.
499. dxpordry xopupf: from which Zeus looks out upon the world
again, after his long absence, Gf. summo sedet altus Olympo Vorg.
—rodubapékor: epithets appropriate to men aro often applied
cts. Of. mupivow 4M, ‘crest’ «foothills, ‘shoulder of the
of. waxneripevos 153, — wip:
Aen, xi, T:
to natural objec
monntain,} «arm of the soa,” "mouth of the river,”
500. mipoide xabitero = cf. I 102.—yovey: of, 323.
SOL. exact, Sefirlm : for the adjectives ured as substantives, see on G4.
— iow’ dv@epedives: under the chin, ux T 373.
FIRST BOOK OF THE ILIAD 47
+ closely connected; of B 375.
503. Zed warep: this address, put into the mouths of gods and men,
marks his patriarchal, royal dignity ; cf. 534, 544, hominum sator
atque deorum Verg. Aen. xi. 725, divum pater atque hominum
is strongly contrasted with jrjumrew
—sxwpopierares : into this is condensed the thought of
: of oll; literally, in eomparixon with the rest; nblutival
genitive, us with the comparative (where it marks the starting point of
tho comparison). ‘This construction with dd\wv ix distinctly Homeric.
Cf. B O74, Z 295, hi eoterorum Britannorum fugacissimi Tao,
Agric. 34, solusque omnium ante se principum [Vespasianus}
in melius mutatus est Tac, Mis. |. 50, ‘Adam the goodllest man
‘of men since born | Ilis sona, the fairest of her daughtors, Eve,’ Milton
Par. Lost ix. 323 1,— Cf. this construction with wera miow dryordry 516,
506. tehero: cf. Grkco 418.—Ardp crA,; for the transition from the
relative to the demonstrative construction, of. 79. 507 = 306
508. ot mp: in contrast with Agamemnon. CY. ths foreenof wép in
B53.—'OAdpre xrA-: as Thetis renews her request, she renews impross
ively her appeal to the might and wisdom of Zens,
509. émi rita: put upon, grant to. Of. BA.
51D. S$édAwow arA.: only here construed with a porson.— Thetis as a
suppliant presents her request in general terms, while Achilles had spoken
more definitely, 409-812. C/."Exrope vip of (Zoiws) Oypds ¢Bovrero «ibos
Spifar | Hoapidy, Tra vquri xopuwior BeomBats wip | faBddor duxiparen, Orr
Bor 8 Uuinov dpi | mivar trixpyvae O 596 ff. the heart of Zeus wished to
give glory to Heator, son of Priam, that he might throw sire into the ships, and
acconpliah all the deeaful prayer of Thetis.
SLL. thy BerA.: tho reason of this silence appears from 518 ff.
513. &: demonstrative cormesponding to the relative dg abore. —dame
Guta: Literally, grown into, elinging closely to; of. the formula dy 2 das of
$0 xapi 42 Conmteue with gyero, ns 7G xpordis eyduqu ds vuxreply
488 clinging (o this, I helt on like a iat. Cf. ot genua amplexus
gonibusque yolutans | haerebat Verg. Aon. iti. 07 f, For the
form of djxmefinin, s00 § 40 0. —spero: asker, os she demanded a definite
answer, ‘yes? or *0.'—Bedreper aims: apain, a second time. Cf. wid
airy B78,
S14. vqpupris: aitrerbial.—Owéeqeo kal xardwwror: ant expression,
only at the end of the vere; of: B 112, trérryy wat aurora A 207.
ee
48 COMMENTARY TO THE
xeraveto is the contrary of duvet, nod up (2311). Thus even now in
Greece, negation is indicated by an upward motion of the head, and
affirmation by a downward nod (with an inclination towanl the left).
Cf. quibus sdnuis arcem Verg. Aen, i- 260,
515. deéame: speak out plainly; refuse is implied in the oontext.—éws1
fe. Ererr, § 550. For the length of the ultima, we § 50 A.—“Thou
hast nothing to fear.” — 8p" 4 Sa: cf. 185.
517. axdheas : inceptive; see on 33; but not so violent as falling into
a passion” or “bursting into rage." Cf. Buxpious 349.
SIB. Avlya Fpya: wc, derray a4 GTB, There will be dreadful trouble, —
fre: when, nob d, if, since Zeus sees the inevitable consequences and
already has the situation before his mind’s eyo.
529. “Hpp; emphatic, since Hora desires the most apendy destruction
of Troy (A 31 ff.).
520, eal abrot: even ax it ir, withont special oecasion, Seu § 42 i. —
ely: exaggerated ; of, 541, 561.
S21. wal ef pd nee: and say, tuo, that J. ai marks the agreement of
this specification with tha preceding general remark; of, 235,
522. vofwy: vc. that Thetis had been with Zeus. For the meaning, sce §17,
523. “py: emphatic, ax SL9; here so placed in contrast with époi.—
pot perijowras : shall be my care. For the future with xé, ef: 199; see § 18%,
— Spa: of
824, 8 Gye: a8 19 302,—rareoebropan? shall nod with my head,
Only hers in the middle; me on 433.
525. retro erh.: this answers veprie eA. SLL,
526. rimpap: surety, pledge. —tpéy: neuter adjective as substantive (see
on 54); Mterally, anything from me, i.e. a promise or purpose. This is
explained by dre erh.—wedwvdyperey = ren foes fe dypéu [alpéu), tate,
527, xarawiow; aorist subjunctive. ©
528. 42 he spoke; sow on 219,— tw, wee: fee thereto, anmait.—
Sopics: with his brows. Zeus was represented in works of sculpture with
heavy, projecting hrowa.— For the dative, of: xedadj S24.
529, dpBpéowm xaira: of ambrostaeque comay Verg. den. i, 403,
<breppdravre ; rolled down at the nod, foll down on both sides of his head.
‘These locks are conceived as long and flowing. See on B11.
530. xpirds; distinguished from xpdroy 509 by the accent and the
Jongth of the first syllable. — Cy. adauit et totum nutu tremefe
cit Olympum Verg, Aen. ix. 100, x. 116.—Phidias embodied in his
colossal chryselephantine statue of Zeus at Olympia the expression of
FIRST BOOK OF THE ILIAD 49
exalted peace and power which lies in 628-50.— Zeus’ dread of Hera’s
reproaches is in marked contrast to this majestic demeanor.
531. burpayew [Suerpdyyouv]: for the form, «f. jyepbev 57, dvéorur 533,
532. Gha dro: for the hiatus, see ou 333,—dxro: second aorist with-
out variable vowel, from ZAAoua, § 53. For @, see § 28
533. pie Sopa: sc. %8y, 0 general word of motion, implied in dAro.
C/.T 827; we §16-¢.—The home of Zens on the summit of Olympus
waa not far from the peak on which he had boen visited by ‘Thetix,—
dviorav: dvderyoay.
534, Uf lev: from their seats, Ench god had his veparate dwelling on
Olympus (soo GOT 1.) and his spocial seat in the hall im which they guth-
ered. os is strictly not *enat’ (py), but place where the seat stands, —
whoo erl.; proleptic, with dverruy, they rose and went to meet their father.
Motion is implied in the connection, as below.— This mark of respect ix
noted both negatively and affirmatively.
535. dyrio: prodicate nominative after Zrray, of. B 185.
536. tw Opdvov: inakes &vOa more definite. C/, tyod dri yupdbous 480,
in apposition with &e' jpreipow. —o08 xrA.t ie, nor did she fail to per-
ceive. —lv: *prolaptic’ object; ¢/: B 409. Sex H. 878.— The poet has
to inform his hearers whether the gods were acquainted with the Bovdy of
Zana, and what their feelings were concerning tt,
937. Wodea: on seeing him, when she saw him. See on hiv 198.
838. Adloe yporros: see on B58.
539, airixa: struightoay. Without &¢, as $86.—rapropioun: see on 04.
540. ris Bi ab Oey: echat one of the guile none, this time, ‘This is uttered
ina reed tone; of. 202.
541. alet: contrasted with oid ri xo, of 108 f.—trra: naturally
would agree with roi preceding, but is attracted to the usual case of the
subject of the infinitive, the poot having the infinitive construction already
in mind,
542, xpowréfca . . . Suxatiuav: consider and decide upon secret plans. Cf.
the words of Hera, edvos (Zeus) 8 1a & dpordor dv Oued | Tpwot re nad
Davacirs Semakérs, by tmeucés @ 430 £. let him, considering these hit own
affairs in his mind, decide betworn the Trojans and the Danal, as is seemiy.
544. warhp ard: of 503.
545. ph Br of 131,—pilove: Le. thoughts, plans, the content af speech
GAG. Xoderel crA.: s¢. eidinu. ‘The personal construction is used as in
530, fnirepes wodeuile Fray “Axwod X 258 the Achaeans were easier to fight
with HOLE,
50 COMMENTARY TO THE
5A. By: sc. pillov, —dmwvaig: 9c. J. —dxovdpev: with indofinite subject,
ton. —Trara: then, since the relative protasis is hypothetical.
550. Zous, in hin excitement, passes ab once to apply bis principle to
the present situation, instead of giving to the apodosis a general form core
responding to the protasis,—raira: refers to Hera'y question, 510.—
Inara: jc. tho details, exaggerated in the speaker's anger.
552. wotov: predicate. Equivalent to motos 6 pidic dorrw dv fumes,
Soo H, 618, 1012 a. —This is » mero exclamation, expecting no answer,
553. wépos: else, of other times with tha present tenge. © T have not
been wont.” Cf. A 204.—etre xrA.: emphatic repetition. The idea is
negntived in every form; ef: 660.
55%. Geo” Wayeta: for the conditional relative sentence, of 218, 230,
513, —Sewa: & roa. —IAgeda [éHéAgs]: for tho onding, we § Ht a,
555 ff, After the rather harsh reply of Zens, Hera shows that she know
not only the person concerning whom the had asked (540) but also what
‘Thotis had requested, and what Zeus had promi
555, wopelmy: should perswale, i.e. lest it prove true that she has pers
wuaded. Anxiety about a fact of tho past, for which the aoribt indicative
might be used. *
556 = 538, —This is not spoken out of special animonity to Thetis, for
whom in fact Herm had spocial affection. Hora claims Thetis as a sort oF
foster child, Sv dy» abrip | Gpéva re ani driryAn wai dvipl wépov wapdeourw
01.50 £. whom T inyself bred and cherished and gave as wife, ete. According to
A myth fdynd in Pindar and Aesohylas, both Zeug and Posoidon strove
together as\tivals for the love of Thetis, but bestowed her upon Peleus on
learning from Themis that this goddess of tho soa was destined to-beat a
son mightier than the father,
of 124. — eel yer emphasized in reference to oe
1. Asyndeton,’ since the following is only a more distinct state
ment of the preceding (555 1.).—érirypov: of: 614, 620,—ds Typtoas: that —
how wilt honor.
559. runjows, bows: coincident actions, in chiastic position. For the
‘chiasmnns,’ ave § 16 a; for the «parataxis’ wo § ILA, Achilles was to be
honored by the suffering of the Achaeans, who were to sve how necessary’
he was to thelr success. —"Axauér: construe with vyvotr (not roles), aos
is indicated by the onter of words, and by the frequent repetition of the
phrase éni vgas "Axudiy, 12, B 8, 17, 168.
S61, atid xrA.: always art thou thinking.
ing vexation ; of. ale 1
5
An echo af the diw of 568, show-
£4 thou artalways watebing me."
FIRST BOOK OF THE ILIAD 61
562. dd Oyod: far from my heart, affection. For this use of dx,
of. B 162, 202, Gidov dro mipara wdrye a AN suffers woes anay from his
Sriende,
369. wb... foros: a8 325, —xel ploy: ac. than what now causes her
564, et 8' ofrw «rh. the reply to $90 f,—otro: fc. that T gave this
promis. —Sie volo, sic jubeo,—pAAu: impersonal; ¢f, B 116.
565. 4\Aé <r): the English idiom, “ait quiet and obey," instead of
the more usual Greek idiom ndOyro waDopivn. — detowww : datur ix gener-
ally indeclinuble.
566. pq: threatening, as 23.—od xpaleperw: not ward off Cy. 23.
567, deer Urea: Aim ho comes near, implying injury or attack. ‘The
accusative follows xpaluwou on the analogy af xpaurudin rut r.— tr «
deo: this explains dovoy idvru.—For the thought, of 588 ff. eee
pela: of. xepag troira 89. 568. 6
569, émyrippara: of BM. Por the hiatus before it, justified by the
eacaural pause, seo § 27 J,
570. dvd Baya: of. dvi oxperdy 10, 53.—Oipariowe: like troupdvon,
inhabitants of heaven, § 3 Contrast Erp ddvuns 266.
S71. votrw: as US — Tho amusing figure of Hephaestus ax butler ix
introduced in order to give a more cheerful character to the assembly of
the gods, after the quarrel,
572. di dépuv: generally with a notion of hostility, a 89; but here
with Joa, loving service.
573, rafe: here, Soo H. G95 a, —dyeerd: prodicate; ¢f; dviarxeo 588,
S74. 84: {fin truth now, as G1. — toca Ovqr@v: with contempt.
575. nodgav dhatverev: carry on a brawl, Cf, B219.—Bavrdg: hero flent
do wo loarn that the gods were feasting at this time; but doubtless they
always feasted when they came together,
576. vd xepelova xrA.: in wuch contrasts, wnonstrative and adjec
tive: have the force of a relative clause; ¢/. 106, The article strengthens
the contrast.
577, wal abej wep: with Homeric courtesy, the speaker intimates that
his counsel is not needed. 578, abre: .¢. a8 often before.
true With rupdgy. — hair: dative of disadvantage.
nly. —dOnew: the verb for emphasis here precedes its
subject; see § 11 £; oF OAipmos «rh. cnn be taken as in spposition with
the subject, of JAyow. —"Odtpmor «rd: this indicates his exalted power,
although in 600 this expression is used without special reference to the
62 COMMENTARY TO THE
circumstances of the ease. — derwporyris: for Zous as god of the lightning
and stor, see on B 146,
581, The conclusion of the sentence is omitted (deoculmpms), “Tt
will be the worse for us," or “he ean, for," ete. Cf. 186.
582, xoBéresQu: always metaphorical, as here. Infinitive for the
imperative, as 20, 323.
583. ‘The proceding infinitive representa a i, hance no conjunc
tion is needed to connect tho verses. Cf 303.—Oeos: of. Dnowdmerne
100, 147.
585. dy xupl rida: placed in her hand; generally used of presenting a
cup of wine. éy xepai rqys in used of gift or prizes; ef: 441.
587. ph: as in 25,—G0qy mp dodeav: very dear as thou art. wep
strengthens, as 362 and froquently, — dy opPodwotew: before my eye, ws
PT 306. Cf. T 160; se § 129
589. xpaupslv: as 242. —dpyaMéos xrA.: personal construction as S40,
dpyoAéo yap 7 dori Deis Bpord dvipt dapivar 8397 wit is hard for a god
to be overcome hy raortal man,”
591. noBés: for the genitive, see on 3
mighty threshold ot Olympus.
592, way 8 jpop: equivalent to ravudpwe 472
xdwmeroy [xaréreror]: the imperfect is used ef the continuance of the
motion, the aorist marks the conelusion of it; of B94 ff. — depépyv: is
frequently used of ships driven by the wind, and marks the motion as
involuntary. —xaraBéve: the aorist participle ix here used (without refer-
ence Wo time as past, present, or fature) of an act colneldent with aiemecoy
at the beginning of 593.
593. & Aguvy: for the dative of rest, cf. 245.— Hephaestus had his
workshop on Olympus, but Lemnos was considered his island —a belief
to which the mountain Mosychius (then believed to be voleanic) seems to
havo given rise, —Ovués; anima.— At another time, apparently when an
infant, Hephasstus was cast out of hoaven by hix mother, and eayed by
‘Thetis (2895 ff.).—C/." Nor was his mame unheard or unador'd | In ancient
Greece; and in Ausonian Innd | Men call’d him Maleiber; und bow he
foll | From heaven thoy fabled, thrown by angry Jove | Shoor over the
crystal battlements; from morn | ‘To noon he fell, from noon to dewy
evo, | A surmaner’s day; and with the setting sun | Dropt from the zenith
ikea falling star | On Lemnos, thy Aegean isle," Milton Par. Loxt i. 738-ff.
594. Sines Sebper: the earliest population of Lemnos. ‘To judge from
thelr name they were marauding (evan) Pelasgians wha had emigrated
FIRST BOOK OF THE ILIAD 638
from Thrace. — d&pop: construe with werdvra, of. 349.—xoplearro: took
me up and cared for me. Of. B 183, I 878.
596. pubjjeura: wailing, \ucoptive, repeata tha proceding palSgra.—
raibés: from her son; ablatival genitive, depending on e6éGuro, Cf. ximehAov
Wékuro hs dAdyow 1 B05 received the cup from his wife.—xept: dative of
instrument with ééaro, of: Adfero xepaty B65 took in hin hands.
597. Wvbiha: from feft to right, through the company, according to
established custom, ‘I’ pass to the loft would be an act of ill omen,
For the procedure, see on 471.
898. olvoxsa rierap: of. (Hn) véxrap dyroysa 43. The meaning of
the first part of the compound was overlooked; ¢f- trroe BouxoAdovro
Y 221, olkodouedy reiyos, oquum aedifioant Verg. Aen. ii. 15, «tin
box,’ ‘weekly journal,’ —spmrfpos: the red nectar of the gods, like the
wine of men, was mixed with water before it was drunk. —édieerwv:
foc on 471.
599. SePrrvos: honce the proverbial ' Homeric laughter.’
600. Bépara: palace, hall. ~The laughter arose because of the striking
contrast between the puffing, hobbling Hephnostas as cupbearor, and the
gmeeful Hebe who usually performed the daties of that office.
GO. jpap: accusative of duration of time, aa 692, 602 = 468,
603, of pév [py]: a8 154, 103. — pdppeyyor: of pokey a” Spynoris ree
ra ydp ¥ dudjuara Saurby a 152 song and dance, for these are the accompant-
minis of the feast. — tye [exe] : held, /. played.
G04. dpaPspeven: the Muses sing alternately, one relieving the other,
a8 the rhapsodes at the Cf.incipe, Damoeta, tu deinde
soquere, Menales, |alternis dicetis; amant alterna Camonag
Verg. Eel. iii. 59, ‘ Divinely warbled voice | Answeriug the stringed noise,”
Milton Christmas Hymn 06 £.
605. abrép : corrvlative with pay G01. Cy. 01.
606. xaxnlovres: for the form as future of nurdsapas, see § 48 g.—
Searror : in partitive apposition with ol, giving prominence to the indi-
vidual, after the collective expression. Cf. B 775 and P 1 (where the
plural is nsod).
GLO. rowpare: wer wont 10 tie.—Bre KrA.: whenever, ete. The conde
tional relative sentence expresses indefinite frequency ef past action,
‘This iterative oplative is more frequent after the relative pronoun than
with the conjunction.
GIT. abedbe: slept. —évafég: of asconding a conch, only here and
piv Adyor edorayoBaive @ 291. No special height of couch is to be
54 COMMENTARY TO THE
inferred. —mapa 8: adverb, beside him: § 55 a.—xpuedépevoe: see on BT.
‘The throne was covered with thin plates of gold.
‘No Book of Homer is vo full of dramatic groups ond situations an
this: Apollo striding with his bow and ringing quiver; ‘Thetis caressing.
the grieving and angry Achilles; Thetis before Zens, elasping his knees
and extending her right hand toward his chin; Zeus with bie dark brows
and ambrosial locks nodding & confirmation to his promise; Chryses with
his filleted scepter and his gifts, before the two sons of Atreus; Odysseus
At the altar of Apollo with the maiden whom he is restoring to her aged
father, —with his companions and the hecatomb; Achilles in his rage
drawing his sword from ita abeath, calmed by Athena, who takes him by
his long locks,—with Agamemnon Defore him and the other chiefs
around him; the heralds of Agamemnon at tho tent of Achilles, as
Patroolns lends forth the fair Briseis; Zeus and Hera on Olympus, with
Hephaestus playing the part of Hebe; the assembly of the gods, Apollo
playing the lyre, and the singing Muses.”
SECOND BOOK OF THE ILIAD
Zeus prepares to fulfill his promise to Thetis (A 509 f., 823) by sending
adream to Agamemnon. ‘The intended battle, which is to bo disastrous
to the Achacans, is delayed by a test of the disposition of the army; the
Greek and Trojan forces do not advance to meet each other until the close
of the Book (780, $09 f.),— The ovents narrated in Bocenpy the first part
of the twenty-second day of the action of the Iliad. See 83 6d, T a.
1. ph: v0; refers to A 606-611,—Ool erA.: appositive with Aon
2. wavviyeot: of: A AT2.—oie tye [ele] xv: he did not sleep; of
oF8t Loradiwva yeAus Exe O44 “but Poseidon did not laugh,
3. $péva de: hintius allowed at the bucolic diaeresis’; soo § 27 6, de:
how; sc. in accordance with his promise to Thetis.
4. nywhey rl: see on A 559. ‘Deliberative subjunetivo’ after #
secondary tense in the principal clause, The direct question would be
" For the ‘chiaamus,’ soe § 16 a
. The sndject is attracted to the gunder of Bovdy, the
predicate; of: 73, A 239,
6. wipyor «eA: in apposition with Fe. Cf. rd pay ob8 veneer | pnpod
Uepierar dipu E OOS L but he did not think of ihix—to draw the spear out of
SECOND BOOK OF THE ILIAD 55
—eidev Svapev: a baneful dream, a docoptive, illusory vision,
instead of a kindly dream of warning. Cf. (Zein) éannng rv "Aympije
yoru Evepsy rua Youd drmduyus, ds woNot roy "Axor drotvoer Lucian
Jup. trag. 40. On the decsitful measures of Zeus, of. A G4 ff., whore Zeus
vends Athena to the Trojan anny in order to incite an archer to wound
Menelaus and break a truce. —Homer elsewhere knows of no dream gods
but only individual dams; ef A G8, Not all dreams were thought to be
significant.
7 = A 201.—For the two aconsatives, one of the person (direet object)
and the other of the thing (cognnte accusative), c/: 50, 156, A 201,
B. Pao We: up and go, a formula used by Zous in addressing his mes-
songers. Cf vade age, nate, voca Zephyros Verg. Aen, iv. 223. Por
the asyndeton, cf A 99, 863,—oiA«: sc, for the Achaeans.
10, péda: construe with rdyra.—dyopenipar: ue imperative ; of A 20.
12. eftes: note the lack of connectives:—xépq opduvras: a frequent
epithet of the Achacans. Among them to cut the hair was a sign of
mourning. Achilles’ hair which he euts off at the faneral pile of Patro-
clus is called ryAcOsaoa Y 142 Iucuriané, and Athena attracts his attention
by laying hold of his locks (A 107). Paris is prond of his hair (I° 55).
Apollo is dxepoexéune ¥ 39 (Milton's ‘unshora Apollo"). On archaic works
of Greek art the men are always reprosentod with long hair, See on 872,
‘The Eubosan Abantes are Smiley xopéuvres 542; Le. their back hair only
‘wns long, their front hair was «banged (of course, no Chinese cue ia to be
thought of in their case). Tho Thrcians are dxpdxopor 4 68%, with their
hair bound in a knot on top of the head; of: apud Suevos, usquead
canitiem, horrentem capillum retro sequuntur, ao saepe in
ipno solo vertics religant Tac, Germ. 38 Thucydides (i. 6) says it was
not Jong since the ‘gentlemen of the old school*had given up wearing their
hair in a knot fastened by a golden cicada. The Spartans retained to a
Tale period the custom of wearing long hair, Before the battle of Ther
mopylaa, the Persian scout saw the Spartans combing their hair (Hdt, vii.
208), preparing for glorious victory or honorable death, Among the
Hebrews, the long hair of Absalom is familiar to us. In the loter clas
sienl period, fashions changed. Only dandies wore long hair at Athens in
the time of Aristophai nd in the post-cassical period St. Panl could
write to the Corinthians: of8¢ } gine abr) biblonu iniig ore dvinp piv Law
woul, &ryule ateg lorrly t Cur. xi. 14.
12. viv xr).: transition to the direst construction, Cf. 126, A401.—
row Tpbwy: not as A 164,
4h
56 COMMENTARY TO THE
13, dpe dpétorra: sc. about the destruction of Troy. For the o of
Agile, aoe § 30 "ORM er. = of, 454, A 18,
14. ényropper: cf A 580, This statement is intended only for Agae
memnon, not for the Dream.
ive. as had been directed. 17. Cf AL
SpBpdovor:: only hore, of sloop. —mixvre: Aad poured iteelf out, like
an enveloping cloud ; of. 41.
20. tmip mebedie: every Homeric dream appears above the head and
takes a familiar form. Cy. (Iris) dovolat, et supra caput aatitit
Veng. Aen, iv, 702.—Nradmte vie: to the son of Noloux. The adjective ix
equivalent to a gonitive; of 54, 416, 465, 628, 604, F180, —"The Droam
took this form in order not to terrify the king, and to persuade him most
readily, Penclope is visited by a dream in the shape of her sister, and
Nausicaa by one in the guise of a close rend.
21. révba: whom, you know, —yepévrev: the nobles without regard to
age formed a Aovdg (seo 53). Cf. the Spartan yepoveda, sena tue, alder-
men, So*the elders of Moab’ (Numbers xxii. 7) are identical with «the
princes of Moab’ (Numbers xxii. 8 21). Cf. Syuorpipovres F149, Achilles
and Diomed were young in years.
22. For the order of words, gf: P 386.—ptv: construe with sxpooeduivec.
Of. 705, T 380,
23. «65as xrA-: the question impliok a reproach, for which the reason
is given by a commonplace remark (24), Cf nate dea, potes hoc sub
eauu ducere somnos? Verg. Aen. iv. 580,
26. The change from the character of Nestor to that of a messenger
from Zeus in suited to the nature of o droam.— Aus 84: + paratactic,’
instead of a cansal clause; of A 200. Cy. Imperto Tovis hue venio,
qui classibus ignom | depatit, ef caclo tandem miseratus ab
alto est Verg. Aen. v. 720 £.
27, ex: depends on dvedey, while the object of the verbs In easily
supplied, Cf A 106.—The care and sympathy of Zeus are motives to
prompt Agamemnon to a speedy execution of the command.
28-92= 11-15, with slight change.
33. dm Avis! with the passive, in the sense of bed Aids, indicating Zeus
as the source of the woe. Of. diAybe dx Sedg 608 L they were loved by Zeus,
Axe: Aold it fost, followed by a negative form of the samo command; of:
A 363, Dreams are easily forgotten.
84, drip: of. 2, and Moore's ‘ When slumber’s chain hath bound me.’
35. Cf A 428.
SECOND BOOK OF THE ILIAD 67
36, dvk Oypsy = rough his heart. ark Oyuév is more frequent, as A 130,
103; of. dva erparsy A 10), and «ara atpardy A 31S —f4: “as you know.”
ot fuadAov = were not about to be, were not fated to be. ‘The plural verb ix
often used in Homer with a neuter subject ; of: 195, 465. § 19 1,
37. Ai ie. thought, imagined ; of. 28. For the accent, cf: By A 34.
— yt: emphasid in contrast with Zeke 38.—fipan eelvy » emphatic,
on that wery day.
38 viprioe = blind fool, infatuated, an apporitive exolamation. A stand-
ing predicate of those who thoughtlessly and fearlessly enter on a course
whieh ends in their ruin. Cf 873. It in explained by the following
clause; of: 112; see §11j. Of Vergil's demons! qui nimbos et non
imitabile falmon.., simularet Aen, vi. 500 f.—Ypya: attracted into
the relative olanne,
39, Oheuy fr: of A G0. — yp: for the quantity, of A 242,—ir:
i.e, before the capture of Troy.
40. Tpwert re eth: eiphhasizes the consequences of the fovdly Aus,
disastrous alike to both armics,—G beptvas; through the conflicts, “in
the course of the battles.”
42. dubiqvro + surrounded him, “rang in his ears” ie. he remembered
it well. Cf. 19, df eeoms to be used with reference to both ears.
42. Mero: the heroos som to have put on thelr tunics while sitting on
the couch. —fv6uve xrA.: the Homeric heroes had no special night gear,
but slept naked (or at least without their outer garments), like the
Eskimos and lower-class Ttalians of to-day, and like the English of the
Middlo Ages. —Epio nimplicity deseribes the moat trifling acts; see § 11 c.
43. ahiv xrh.: where a noun {s accompanied by three or mom
epithets, often two stand at the beginning of tho next verse, as ben. —
$4pos: this upper garment wae yt on when no armor was worn, The
skin of some wild beast was sometimes worn in its stead (ef. P17), serving
in particular also as a light shicld. The Homeric hero generally carried a
Jance, «von on a peaceful journey, but Agamemnon hora takes his sword,
since he could not carry conveniently both lance and oxqrrpo. Tho
aword was little need in combat, but often worn. — For this description of
Agamemmnon’s dress, see § 11 d.
45. Sygl Pidero: tho word hung, not from a belt but from a «trap
which passed ovwe ona shoulder, The aoriat of 45 is not widely different
from the imperfect of 43. Convenience here determined the choice. —
Spa: then, further ; of. SAG, O15.— dpryvpéndov ; the hilt is studdlee! with silver
nails, a a decoration ; cf. A 219, 2
58 COMMENTARY TO THE
46, Gpvrov alt: ever imperishable, as the work of Hephaestus, and aa
over in tho posécwion of the same family; ¢f 101 ff. It wax a aymbol of
thelr unending rule.
47. card vias (cf. mark Andy 170, card oxpardy A 318, rapa ras A 347) =
i.e. to the dyopy, which was at the middle of the eamp; ¢f. A 04. —"Axaudw
Xodxoxirdver ; used as genitive of Coxrmudes "Axuiol 331.
48. wporipieere arA.: ives illuminated the mountain of the gods on
whose summit the first beams of Hight fell. Gf. "Hise 8° dx Aexdun ap"
dyavot Tdwrcio | Spr, GF aBaniroun dios pip #8 Bporoimy A 1 f.
Dawn arose from her couch, from the side of the illustrious Tithonus, in order
te bring light to immortals and to mortals.
49. iplovea: fo herald. Cf. dovip ... ds re piduora Ipyera dyyoAuw
ddoe Hots v 93 £. the star which comes as the heruld of the morning tight.
50. 8: i.e. Agamemnon.
5B. Povdiy yepdvrar: council of the chief (seldera’; see on 21) who
Aiscuseed important questions before presenting then to the popular
assembly, Allusions to this council are found in 143, 104. Who consti-
tnied it, Ie not clear; probably not many, perhaps ouly six besides the
‘Atridao; cf; 401 ff.—peyaiper : in plural cleewhore only as on epithet of
peoples, as A 123.— le: caused to hold a session, called a counell.
54. BasAtos: in apposition with Néwropos, which is implied in Nor
ropéy. See on 20,
55. mvevhy xr: prepared (formed) the prudent plan, which he afters
wards unfolds.
56. ivimmev : cognate accnsative, adverbial. Tt is equivalent to dv vq.
For the compound, of; &pévru 125, dupiOpuos 202, frixérun A 272. See
H, 588,
57. GpBpociny: a standing epithet of night asa gift af the gods for
the refreshment of man's nature, with reference to sleep. Cf. aul trvov
Bispov Zdovro H 482 rook the gift of sleep.— parva: strengthens dyyurra,
of 220.
5B, Sop eA: of A115. —Byxuera: nearel, be, most exactly; marks the
dogree of resemblance. —tgeuw; for the final y, wee § 44 b.
$9, Cf. 20.—ph, uo: for the two ncousatives, of. 7.
60-70 = 23-33, Epic poetry profers these verbal repetitions to the use
of ‘indirect discourse,’ Soe § 11 ¢.
TL. Gxer dmowréuevos = flew away. See on A301, —dvimav: aa Bh. Of,
nox Aeneam somnusque reliquit Verg. Aen, vill. 67.
72, ANN Bryere: of, A 62, — al wey eke of ABB,
SECOND BOOK OF THE ILIAD 69
73. xwpheopas: will put them to the test. Agamemnon wished to be
assured that the army was still ready for the fray. It had become demor-
alfvnd by the length of the war, by the pestilence, and by the quarrel and
the withdrawal from service of Achilles, — f Mpes dorrly: ive. as the general
has the right, Por the axtraction of the relative, of: 5.
74, wal: introduces » more definite statement of eapsoouos. CY. 114,
— $eiyar xrA-: this proposition is intended to touch their sens
of honor and rouse anew their martial zeal, lag "Ayordy is supplied from
72 as the subject of pecyew and the object of the following épyriuy.—ev
wqvel: of A170, 170.
75. @Ddober Sddor: aliunde allus, from different sides, each from his
oun place. —deqrowe: eeek to restrain from flight. Cf. 97.
76 =A 68. — Agamemnon had risen to speak at 55, thongh this aot is
not mentioned as usual,
77. ypadéertos: hero as an nijective of two endings: ¢f. 508, O01, 570,
605, 742; nee § 98 a. 78. Cf AT.
79. Conventional form of address to the princes, The corresponding
aiddross to the warriors is & @fAo jpwee Aavaol, Oepdmovres “Apyos L10.—
pibovnes: rulers; of: “Linder padivy T 320 and the proper name Méowa
(Media), equivalent to Kpeovoa (Crewe), which is feminine of xpelwr,
ruling prince.
BL. Yetbds wer duiper: sc. clas, we might have arid (potential) that it (lee.
what the Dream promised) was a delusion; of. 849. — wal worgstolyiBa > and
might turn away, ie, be on our guard against the Dream's questionable
counsel to try a decisive battle at this time when the mightiest of the
Achaeans held aloof from the fight.—Addov: all the more; se. since they
could put no real confidence in the Dream's message.
82, viv Bl: as in A 354.— Spurvos xrA,: ae A 91; of: 107.
83 =72,—The answer of the generally loquacious Nestor is remark-
ably brief, He gives courteous assent in the very words of the king,
without saying a word about the proposition,
85. dravdere ar: thereupon (ie. likewine) rore.—miorre: ive. they
made no objection, but prepared to go to the popular aesmbly, — wowdn
Dadv: fe. Agamemnon, ax 243. 86. eeyrrogyor: cee on A 15,
87, iiere: introduces a dotailed comparison, ae 155, P38. Seo § 14. —
Wren: woorms. The following hintus is probably «weak*; § 27 d.— dew
retains its force as a present, especially in comparisons; of. T61. See
§ 18 9. —pdeeiwy: iz, wild boos which live in hollow trees and in holes
in the reck.— Fur the comparison of bees, ¢f: ac veluti in pratis ubi
a. =
60 COMMENTARY TO THE.
apes nestate serena | floribus insidunt variis, et candida cir
cum |lilia funduntur; atropit omnis murmure campus Verg-
Aen. vi. 707 ff, *aa beex | In spring-time when the son with Taurus
rides, | Pour forth their populous youth about the hive | In clusters; they
among fresh dews and flowers | Fly to and fro . .. So thick the airy crowd
swarm’d,’ Milton Par, Lost i. 768 ff.
88. ale wov: ever anew, CY: S}ae (boos) continuo saltus sit
vaaque peragrant Verg, Georg, iv, 53.
09, Porpubdy: in clusters, like bunches of grapes Cf. lentis uyam
demittere ramis Verg. Georg. iv. 568. — dn" &vberw: to the jlowers.
90. tla dus: for the hiatus, see §§ 27 N.B,, 32 0.
91. %: the point of comparison lios in the coming forth and approach
in separate crowds (swarms). Borpubéy 59 and addy 03 have the same
position in the verse,
92. xpomdpod: before, i.e. along. — PaBing= deep bayer, extended.
93. Srea: rumor, whose source is unknown, and which is therefore
ascribed to the gods (Aids dyycAos).— Bebhaw : Aad blaced forth an a fire.
94. drpivove” Uva: they conjectured that Agamemnon would propos
some important measure. —dyéporre : hey came together, ‘The aorist after
the dos:riptive imperfocts marks the conclusion of the movement. Of 19,
A502, Tr 95, wd: adverb, beneath.
96. Aodv error: genitive absolute, Seo § 19 9 B
97. dpfrvev: imperfect of ‘attempted action.” «They were trying to
Th —d worenrh.: 8 wish,on the part of the here
alda «If ever thoy would stop their clamor." — évrfg: ublatival gonitive
with oxolaro, might coae from; of 275, A 210, I 84.
99. dpfrviey: for the aorist, ee on 94; for the plural with the eollee-
tive Ande, of. 278. —xa’ Spas: along the rows of seats, on the seats, ae 214.
For the use of wand, of: 47, T 926,
100. dvd: adverbial with fery. Cf. dvérrg 76.
LOL. ve pir: this, as A 24.— néipe reixey: wronght with toil. ‘Phe prine
cipal idea i in the participle, as A 168 and frequently.
102 ff, SGue: for the repetition, of. te A 436.
204. “Bppstes xrh.: Herines, the messenger of the goda, bore the
exjerpor from Zous to Polopa, as a aymbol of empim, ‘The kingdom
descended with the scepter. —=Antémmg: cf: lnmira, trrééapos. Pelops
gained his kingdom by a chariot race,
105, éadre: for the hintus, of: A $33.—T1dep: in apposition with &
Seo § 42 L
SECOND BOOK OF THE ILIAD 61
106. Dimw: of. moriens dut habere nepoti Verg. Aen, ix. 962.
107. Oviera: Gvérrys. For the form, soo § 34. ‘Thyestes was brother
of Atrous. Homer evidently does not know the (later) story of the mutual
hatred of the brothars that was the subject of tragedies hy Sophooles and
Euripides, ‘The feud became proverbial as a chapter of unrivaled hor-
rors. —elme dopiivar : for the infinitive, of deviroar, below.
108. wedAjjor, warel: according to the poot's view of the situation at
the time of the Trojan War (cf: A 78 f.) the Pelopidae had the hegemony
in Peloponnesus, Agamemnon ruled over Achaea, Corinth, Sicyon, and
part of Argolis; sce 560 ff —évieewv: to rule over them, For the infini-
tive, of: pdyerOae A 8, dyay A 338,
109. 1G: local; cf Spourw A 45. —ipnerdpevos : not an altributive par
ticiple with & ye but x predicate participle af manner, Cf. xowanéuv 207.
110. Cf. 79. —tepdrorres “Apmor : sce an A ITH. OF Sos “Apyos 540. —
For this feigned exhortation, of the speeches of Clearchus and his
dyxdterron, X $.9f Agamemnon does not desire his argu-
ments to be convincing, He reminds hia men covertly of the promis of
Zeus that they should capture Troy, and that nine years of the ten are
already past; he calls that man ducc\Gs who returns to Argos with his
end unattained, expecially since they had remained so long before Hive ;
he exaguerates the disparity of numbers of Achaeans and ‘Trojans,
AL. péye dvGqee: fart entangled. Agamomnon in toating the temper
of bis army complains of his infatuation only as a pretense; in 114 he
utters unconsciously the unpleasant truth, while in the Ninth Book he
uses the same words in bitter earnest.
112. oxérdios: terrible, cruel you, See on 38,—twixero Kr. of
ASML
123. temiprarra : for the accusative, of A S41. The participle here
contains the leading thought; they were to sack Troy before their return,
GY. LOL. — dwowdertas = always stands at tho close of the verse, with length-
ened initial syllable (§ 59 ¢),
124. viv rh: “but now I eee that he planned,” etc, —dwéryy: the
poet's hearer thought especially of the deositful Dream, but this was not
in Agamemnon's miud here.—sal: introduces a specification of the
general statement, ax 74, —wedaie : tho spoaker infers this direction from
thelr lack of snecesx.
215. Svrxdia: emphatic position. The hintus may be oxplained ax
+ weak’ (§ 27 d), @ losing half its quantity. —weddv «rd: sc. in hattle and
in the plague,
62 COMMENTARY TO THE
216. wd: ie about to he, doubtless is; of. A SUA.
117. GH: idm a 194 £., A 10. —nardeee xdpqva! overthrew the heads, be,
the citadel. Cf. wapjvev A 44,
hereafter also; cf. A 96.— 100 kr: of rerum eni
prima potestas Verg. Aen, x. 100.
129. yap: refers to BureAée 115.—r6be ye! “if anything is a disgrace,
this fs,!” — wal wrA, + even for future generations to learn.
120, rordvbe woodvbe © (an army) #0 brave anil symany ox we here =
qualis quantusque Verg. den. iii, O41,
121. Apyerev > predicate; of: 152. — wédepoy: cognate accusative.
122. savporipour: of. Tpies 8° abl" érdpwhev dvi rode drAiZovro |
ravporepon, pipacuy 8 rai Ss topin pdyerbus | xpuct dvayraty, xpd re waibor
kai pd yuvauxioy @ 55 ff. but the Trojans armed thenelvee throughout the eity +
fewer in number, but even thus they were eager to fight, of stern necessity, for
their ohilidren and their wives. —rOos wed. = no end has yet appearet. A fullor
expression for &xpyerov, instead of + without attaining our end,” «without
gaining decisive victor:
123. ak wep yap wTA. = in case we should wish, A concessive clause with
potential optatire and «é, of what is conditionally conceivable.—The
thought is completed in 127, “if wo should take only one ‘Trojan as cup-
bearer for a squad of Achasana." — yap = refers to mayporépov
124, Spma rapdvres: the victim's throat was cut (I 202), hence
dpm randy was (0 make a solemn treaty, like foedus icers, ferire
foedus. Cf 173, 94, 105, 4 155.—&dw: dual with reference to the
two nations.
125. Tpies piv: se. <° Uédotey.— Aéfnerbear: collect themselves. — Uplermos
aA. equivalent to of valour: aurk wrddw 130, — Seeo: the relative pro-
noun follows the emphatic word, as A 32,
126. Baxocpytaiqey: vhoulid be divided and arranged; ef. disponere.
Por the transition to the finite construction, seo on A 401. For xoopéw of
marshaling troops, ¢/: A 16.
127. Gvbpa: cf, 108.—fenwros: ive. ench squad of ten; in apposition
with “Ayuoé, ‘The plural is uxed because of the number in each company;
fT
129, réewor mhéas: ascording to @ 562 £, thore wer 50,000 Trojans
and allies, For the numbers of the Achaeans, see on 494 ff,
2130. dwtxovpos : predicate, ar allies, Observe the contrast with Tpdwy.
BL. worAlav tx wodiav > construe with dvBpes. For the similarity of
sound of the two words, see § 19 of: 803.
799,
a.—treew : are therein
SECOND BOOK OF THE ILIAD 63
132. plya wAdtouer : strive me far away, ie. hinder my attaining my end.
CfA5%. For the adverbial use of peyu, sec on A TS.—oie aldo: do not
‘allow, é.¢, prevent. — IBiorra = concossive, én spite of my desire,
134. bh Pefidaws : alrearly have passed, — Bubs Iwavrot = see on Aus 146.
135. boipa: timbers. For the form, see § 23 d.—ewdpra® ropes, cabler,
of roods or rushes. The ship's ropes in general were of oxhido; a ahip’s
cable at the home of Odyacus was made of papyrus, —AAvwrec: plural
verb with neuter subject, as 36, although deijpa wérgre has preceded.
136. af 8: bul those others, explained by GAoxo «rA.—ré: correlative
with ‘ai, in free pouition, since jyérepar EAoyo ure closely connected in
thought with yyjrux réxve.
187, davos [fivru] wont yperas : see on A134. —wortiyperan : feminine
to agree with dAoxou who were more prominent before their minds than
inva.
138, abrug: Attic douvros, Le. wlmply, wholly (with dxpiavrov). Soe
§ 426.
139, awe: for the subjunctive, cf A L3T, 140. dedyupev: of
141, ob fi: belongs to the idea of expectation implied in the future,
= We cant no longer hope,” “to capture Troy Ix no fonger a possibili
2142, rotor: dative of interest.— This undesired impulse was called
forth by the longing for home awakened by 134 ff.
143. was perd wAniv: in apposition with rotvs in contrast with the
yéporre: who hnd been presont at the council, The dative with pent
would be regular, —wAq@iv: “the rank and file"; of; 278, 488.
U4. worn: of: 95. — $f: ax, an obsolencent particle, clistinguished by
ite accent from gp [Zm]-—xipara paxph: longatretching billows ; ef
longi fluctus Verg. Georg. iii. 200.
145. wévrov “Inapiove : in apposition with GaAdcerpr, as tho part with the
wh of. oxcrédey 890; wen § 12. ‘The worros is & partioular tract of
the OdAaomu (see on A 850), The Fearian high sea received its name from
Toaria, a smail island off Samos; it was notorious for its frequent storms,
— ri piv: of. 101, A 254. — Bipey ve Neos re: thought of as united, ax is
shown by éraffaug. “A southeast wind.” A single wind never raises a
storm in Homer, Cf. de 8° dive Bio wierov dpiverov ixGuderta | Boppis
vai Zégbvpos, ro re Opjeyey dyrov LA t, ax tio winds rouse the fahy sea,
Boreas and Zephyrus, which Wow from Thrace.
146. Spop [Spy] : gnomic aorist, frequent in comparisons, § 14 £.—
fratfas: rushing upon it, Cf (vonti) inenbuere mari... una
Eurusque Notusque ruant Very. Aen. i. 84, — Aude: he is vepedipapéra
64 COMMENTARY TO THE
A511. Zous sends rain, thunder and lightning, wind and storm, snow,
hail, meteors, and the rainbow. C/: Aude dvuawral 134.
147. Zhdvpos: this was a cold and stormy wind to the people of Acolis
and Ionia, for it oame over the mountains of Thrace. It is called Svomps,
fierceblowing, and xedaBewés, loud roaring. Tt
‘Homer, unless perbaps in the fairyland Phacacia and in Elysium. — Bods 1
Miterally, deep, i. high. —dBév: soa on idv A 158.
148. Apes twaayitor : violently dashing upon it. ddBpos is predicates
see § 56 a, — dei ve: and thereupon, ice. ws Zaphyras descends. — faba: ee,
Aypow, an independent addition to the picture, without direct relation to
the comparison; ¢/. 210; sce § 14a, The construction of the dependent
sentence is abandoned.— Cy. +With ported spears, ns thick as when a
field | Of Ceres ripe for harvest waving benda | Her bearded grove of
vars, whioh way the wind | Swaye ther,’ Milton Par, Lost iv. 980 ff.
149, io’ dyoph xwiy: a return to 144. — Both comparisons are meant
to dopict the whole scene. ‘The first (114-146) describes the sudden eon
fusion with which the assembly dispersed; the second (147-149), the
uninterrupted rush in one direction, toward the ships. —ddadyn@: dative
‘of manner, in which sense a participle is often wed.
150. vias fe’ : i.e. dst vas. § 55.6 B.—deoeiorto, Uerare, eihevov KFA. =
descriptive Lnperfects, much like the historical present (which ia not
Homeric), — woBav 8° bwivepBe : from under their feet.
151. terar’ dapopden : literally, was placing dself as it arose.
152. Deduer ard: of. Iptorrower wed. A LLL.
153. oipots: the trenches, the later ddxo’, by which the ships were
drawn from the sea upon tho land, and from the land into the sea; of
A 308. — deedfarpoy: some of the trenches had not been used for a Tong
time and had become filled with sand.
154. ‘quiver : subjective genitive with dur, not genitive absolute. § 19 ge
— twa 8 pier: they took out from under. ‘This is the opposite of A 486,
155. The leaders were ao dazed by the sudden and disorderly breaking
up of the assembly and by the rush to the boats of the shouting maxs of
men, that they were unable to carry out the plan of Agamemnon. The
intervention of a friendly god became necessary in order to cut the knot
of difficulty, 156 1. Cf A195.
156, obra Si xrA.+ thus as it neems, ete. An oxprossion of yoxation or
surprise, fo interrogativa form, Of, A202,
159. ‘Apyin: emphatic. 49’ edpfa yira «rh: over the broad back of
the xa, ‘Tho water at rest seoms to be the top of an arch.
SECOND BOOK OF THE ILIAD 65
160, «if 84 xrA.: virtually » conclusion to the condition implied in
1584. “If they should thus flee, then they would,” ete. —eiyeddy: as a
triumph, a boast; predicate with "EAdyy. For the construction, ef 60.
161. “Apyiqv: standing epithet of Helen; of: ornatua Argivae
Helofiac Verg. Aen. i. 650, The word here has considerable emphasis,
placed at the head of the vorse like "Apysio, above.
162. Tpoin (sc. yi) = the Troad, us 237, T74.— dnd: ofA 502.
164. cots dyavols ar: with thy winning words. For the short form of
the dative, see § 86 d.— For the «asyndeton,’ of. 10,—dptyrve: of, 75.
165. ‘te: ac. "Axouois, from the preceding verses,
166. 068" Awifyes : of A220,
Atfora: warting up, “with a rush.” 168 = 17.
Jdysseus was the special favorite of Athena whose care
alone secured his return to his home after his long wanderings.
170, iorebra [loriiru] : Odysecus was not carried along by the rout,
and the agora was nenrest his own ships (sce on A 54). — née: ke. his
own ship.—pedaims: of A 300. The ships of Odysseus are called
pAromdpyot (vermilion-cheeked) in 637.
271. Odysseus with this feeling was the right man for Athena's work.
—lv: ‘limit of motion’ with fume, oft A 254. — xpaBlqv: accusative of
the part, in apposition with piv, of: A 302. 172. mpowtipy se. july.
173, This verse is found seven times in the Jtiad, fifteen times in the
Odyssey, It is tho only conventional verse in which no caesura occurs in
the third foot (§ 58 c). —Sioyee: Arceisiax, father of Laertes and grand-
father of Odyssous, was son of Zeus, according to a later myth, But this
opithet is applied in a general way to princes, Sea on A 176.
174-IGI. Cf, 158-105,
275. ty vhwres surdvres; marking the disorderly fight, This is a
standing combination of expressions for motion and rest. Sea on A 245,
279. pnbl Fede sand drew not back, do not rest.
282. vias: for tho length of the Last syllable, soo § 50 1.
182. Gra: object of éwéyee, while Oude is @ limiting genitive. This
indicates that Odysseus did not see Athena,
183, A Bi Blay > he set out torun; of. A 34. —Awd xrA.: sc. in his haste,
since it hindered him in ruaning.
194. Eipvpiens : described (7 244-248) ns alightly older than Odyasous
himself, with round shoulders, dark complexion, wnd curly halr.—The
horald bere, a8 usual, serves as the prince’s personal attendant.
185. 4vrlos: for tho construction, of. A 536.
668 COMMENTARY “tO THE
186 f. Cf 40 f.—Bégars ot litorally, Wook fur him, receiveit from him,
asa sign that he acted in the name of Ayamemnon.— warpiioy: see
103 ff.
188. §v rua péy: correlative with fy 8° af 198. —aeAsja xrA.: prince
or noble who had not been present at the council of the +Gerontés.’—
saxeln : iterative optative, with dy roa, of. 215.
189. rv 8YKrA. + apodosis to the hypothetical dy row. For &€ in apod-
osis, of. 322 5 ace § 21 a. —dyavote: of: 164, 180,
190. Saxsne: the connection decides whether this is used in a respect
ful, a pitying, or a reproving tone; of. 200.—xaxdv Ss: for the length of
the ultima of kaxdy, of: dpubig Se TH4, I 2, 60, 230. Seo §§ 14 6, 59 7.
When this dg follows the word to which it belongs, it is accented. Por
the comparative as, of: 200, 280, 326. —wanév: coward. xaxds and dyabég
have no moni quality in Homer. They are wrlew and useful, acoording
to the circumstances of the case; here, caxdy ly useless in wor,
191, GAovg Anois: Annis ie virtually in apposition with Grow, See
$12. The others, namely the soldiers,
192, For the ‘sigmatinm,’ ¢f. A 170 f.—edpar Attic oupies, which ia
not found in Homer. Ser § 56, c.—véoe: mind, purpose.
construe wi
speaker politely includes himself with the persons addressed, as in G42
‘Tho first person is used in a different tone in 208.
195. pA mi! est perchance. Cf A 28.—xoruedpavos: of: A 487, P413.
—raxdv ves: for the bwo accusatives after pefy, of: P31, 354,
196, Oujbe Si peyo: ferrible is the anger, For the length of the 8é see
$50 h.
197. mph ars: “ho is king dei gratia; the rest must obey.” Cf 208;
see on A 176.
190. Sipov Sepa; the common people are contrasted with the nobles of
188, The ultima of dyjiov remains long; se § 59 2.
199. oxfrrpy! Odysseus uses the staff in a similar way at 265 f,
200. Sxove! gine ear. Present as a genoral injunction, “be obedient,”
201, eo: not enclitie, since there is a contrast in the comparison, —
dtpreps: of. A 251,—e% 8: clomly connected with the relative olsusa,
since ev repeats odo. liom prefers the subordinate constrac
ton, “while thou art." éyat is to be supplied.
202, ivapiDuos: counted, tot a mere cipher. Cf in numero nullo
Cie. re Or, Wi 213. —fowdg: ax A 258; not in ita technical meaning:
a
SECOND BOOK OF THE ILIAD 6T
of council. Here again appears tho frequent contrast of strength of body
and of mind; ¢f. A 258.
203. of ply wes mrd = 0 drastic form of expression, suited to the oom-
mon soldier, “Agamemnon commands here, the rest of us must obey.”
204. For the ‘asyndeton,' of. A 117,—obe dyatév: as a predicate sub-
stantive (not a goo thing). Cf. triste Lupus stabulis Vorg. Bel. tik, 80,
de eth: +uxyndoton” of contrast. Sen § 156,
203, Sone: granted ; sc, Baordeceev, implied in Baorety (unless 206 is
read).
as eles: for them. "Ayal from 20% is before the mind,
208. Cy. 86, 91.
209, Axi, de: for the hiatus justified hy the pause, cf. 211; mee § 27 by
for the hiatus allowed after the first foot, see on A 933.—C/. idagon
tijerou A 157. —The socond ‘hemistich * as A 34.
210. alyadd Pplperas: roure on dhe shore. —cpapayt xr. *chiastic*
with the proviona clause (§ 16 a); ‘paratactically’ (§ 21 «) expressing
result, “So that the high sea resounds from the noise of the breakers.”
221. Morro, dpffrudey: for the hiatus, of: 215, 915.— nad” Spas: ax 90,
212, Gepeirms = from Bépavs, the Aeolic form of Pxperos, during, raxhner.
Observe that the poet does not say from what country of Greece Thersites
came, and thus offends no one by tho episode. — Thersites makes his enue
odious by his advocacy of it. The vulgar demagogue was intended by the
poet to awaken antipathy, and thus is represented to be just as disagree-
able and deformod in body as in charnctar. ‘Tho Groeks always asociated
a beautiful soul with a beautiful person, —* In Thersites we have realism.
Ho was the incarnate epirit of criticism in the army before Troy.’ —
foives: made emphatic by its position before the ewesura. For the form,
see § 29 d,—dyerporris: predicate. Cf. 240; contrast I 215.—drokga:
equivalent to wokqor Aang of A
213. & fa xrd.: a more explicit statement of dyerpoemjs. — ixorpa
fq: literally, knew disorderly things, had a disorderly minal,
214. dpctiuvar: the result of dxoopen er. : of. pdyerdar A 8.
213, ON Gr arA.: contrasted with card ndvpor, while dpkiuans sup-
plies the idea of eying, He was an insolent clown. —ddeaure: equiva
lent to Séfue. For the optative in a conditional relative sentence, of.
188, 108, A 610, See If, 914 By G. 1431.
216. aleyueres: predicate. «He was the ugliest man who came,” ete. ;
oft 073, A 200,—tmd “Duov: up under Ilion, be. ander the walls of Hios;
of: 249, 492, 673.
68 COMMENTARY TO THE.
217. Th Hol dpe: “those two shoulders of his,"
BB. svpré, evvoxuxdre: in contrast a brondeshouldered, heroie
form. —ewoxwnin: atrip: the hiatus ia justified by the bucolic diaeresis;
85 27 B, SS h.— Gmepbev: ns contrasted with dodxis KrA.
© 219. bry xrA,: fe. his misshapen, sugar-loaf head was not concaaled
hy the thick looks of tho xipy xoudurres "Axaiol, but was covered only by
sparse hair, .
220. txOwros: «f. A 176.—"Ax Ate ‘ObvosR: Achilles and Odysseus
tod the two cardinal virtues of the heroes, bravery and prudence,
in which qualities Thersites was lacking. —péd\wra: potissimum. Con-
true with ZyBioros, «f- 57.
221. wamelerne ; was wont fo upbraid, contrasted with rér’ aire. —"Ayaude
pon : against Againemnon ; dative of interest.
222, fla eucryyds: with discordant ery.— dy biBea: rehearsed (enu-
meruteil) reproaches, Aéyay in Homer in never sizicily equivalent to emdy.
— Thorsites accused the king of covelousness, sensuality, cowardice, injus-
tice. — +: i.e. Agamemnon, at whom the Achaeans were then angry, so
that Thersites felt sure of the applause of his audience,
223, xorlovro: imparfyct to axproes a continued state of fooling, while
venderonfey refers to the occasion of their anger. Cf. A 831.
225-242. Speech of Thersites. This assumes u knowledge of Aga
memnon’s real intention to continue the war. Such knowledge might
have been gained from the words of Odysscus,
225, “ArpetSq > Thersites gives him no title of honor, but this wae not
necessary; see 284, A 17.—rlo [rivos, rot]: for what. For the genitive,
aco on A 65. — 8h obra: of. A 340.—Inatoad of inquiring the purpose of
Agamemnon, Thersites attributes to the king the most selfish motives
{implying that he continues the war only for his own private advantage),
‘and alludes maliciously to the quarrel with Achilles, —« What dost thou
lack? Hast thou not enough?” ‘These are + rhet questions.”
227. i edielgs: in your quarters. —&alperos: explained by the follow:
ing relative clause. C7. oldowévyy A 2, anxyjv A 10.
228, Sibopevt are wont to give, with o conditional relative sentence; oft
A 554, For the thought, soa on A 124.—Thersites reckon himself
among the brave warriors, — qrokladpor: ax A 104,
229. % Fr erh.; surely, tte, ‘Thorsites answers ironically the question
which he himself had pat. Cf A 203.—tr sol xpwred: gold atso as swell
‘as copper and alaves. Gold was rare in Greece before the Persian wars,
but was abundant in Asia Minor. Schtiemann, however, has found
SECOND BOOK OF THE ILIAD 69
treasures of gold ornaments not only at Hivsarlik (which seems tobe the
site of the ancient Ilios) but also at Mycenae.—ne olen: vee § 18 6.
230, Gmowa: as raneom, in apposition with dv.
231, bv x7A.: whom I shall take captive and lead, etc,; boasting, as 298,
292. yovaina inv: i.e. such as Cliryseis or Briseis. The accusative
soctns to be caused by attraction to the construction of the preceding reln-
tive clause; or woBlag may be in the speaker's mind,—a thought: carried
on from frBeven,
233. fv re xarloyea: relative clause with the subjunctive in final sense ;
oft F 287, — atrds daovdergs:: for diyself uldne,
BBA. dpxdy évra ex. + thal one who ix a learler, ote, ie. that thou wha art
their teader.—eaxdv tmPasxduey: bring into misfortune. Thersltes here
refers to the pestilence and tho alienation of Achillos.
235. wérows: “my good follows.” ‘This wont ix generally used by
an elder or superior, either in an affectionate tone, ar (ssldom) in a
tone of contemptuous superiority, ns here.— id @dyxea> in concrete
personal sense, cowand caitij/i.—*Ayailfes «rd. : of. o vere Phrygian,
neque onim Phryges Vorg. fen. ix, 617. For tho * patronymie,' see
$399.
236, ona sep: homeward, af all events. —otv vavet: as A 1
of. 8 dvijp A 287. — dopey: leave behind.
237. abrod: right here, explained us usual by the following words. Tt
often stands, as hore, at the boginning of a vurse; </- 332, —ylpa mervipay :
learn and suffer the consequences of his greed.
B90. ¥ wal uate ard. : whether we, too(the rank and filo of the Achazans),
are of use to him or not. As if Agamernnon in his pride trusted to his own
might and to that of the other leaders, despising the rest, without whose
help ho can do nothing. — For the ‘crusis' (yjudts), sve § 26.— He wal
txt: ¢f. 300, 49. ‘The speaker presents the alternatives as open, but
atill implies a choice betweon ther,
239. te: exclamatory, he who, —xal viv: see on A 100, ‘This intron
duces an example of Agamemnon’s failure to recognize others’ services,
—to: for the length of tho Inst ayllable before jx, noe § 50 h.
240 =A 350, 507. —‘Thersites, who was wont to speak infuriously of
Achilles (221), now plays the part of his advocate (and use his very
words) in order to attack Agamemnon in « sensitive xpot; bat he intro:
duces a fling at Achilles into the next verse.
BAL. pAN oom xShor ac. dri, no anger at all, — padjpwr + predicate with
Achilles aa subject. Cf, juBipev xdhov A 285, 242 = A 252,
| — wbvbe §
dl
70 COMMENTARY TO THE
244. Oxpeieae: strongly contrasted with ‘Odvereis by tts position. —
7@: for the dative of rest with maptoraro, cf, 175.
245, imdBpa: as A 115. —xademg pide: the opposite of dyurots 164,
246. Sxprrduvte: thou eniiless Dabbler; cf. 212, 796. For the apposite,
of. T 214.—dryés wep tov: cf A248, Sarcastic recognition of his ability.
Piutarch eatis attention to the fact that Orlyeseus loos not refer to Thersites’
physical ugliness,
247. Grxso: as A214. — pnB' Wade: of. A277.
248. 00; construe with nyt
249. Breo: ic. of all who, ‘The relative clause represents o genitive.
250. vg ole Av erA.: therefore (wince thou ark the basost of all) shalt
(shouldst) thou not, See on A 301. The speaker returns to the adimo-
nition of 247.—Paeasas: for tho plural, of. P 49.— dvd erdpa:
your lips.
251. wal: as in T4.—wélv: for the dative, of, “Ayapdavon 221. —
véerov guddeeos: guani the return, which now threatened (a it were) to
‘escape ther,
252. 864 view xed: but not at all clearly yot.— Swan rd: how these
matters here (of which they are speaking) shall end. ‘This verse is explained
by the following. —fpya: of A 518.
253. woerhrouy: ue shall return, A brief expression for # shall enter
upon our return, with good or eri fortune.” 254. ro: as 250,
255. fea: hod with a participle often has no thought of contrast of
position (as sitting to standing), but denotes a continuance in the action
of thoparticiple; ¢/: A194, ‘The verb is the more noteworthy here since
Thorsites is not sitting (of. 208).
256. fipwes: observe the contrast with ov. —repropiav: of: A 539,
257. Cf A204, . Formula to introduce a sharp threat.
238. in: again, —bs vi wep bbe: ax J did just now.—Construe wfp
with ds,
259. pmxén eA: apodosis in the form of an imprecation. “May
destruction come upon me and my houso." —'Obve: r0re impressive
than the personal pronoun dyed C7. A 240.
260, secAnpévos etqv: being is included in being called: of A203, Thus
this prayer includes the ruin of Tolomachus
261. «l wh ard; this sentence contains two clauses, connected by péy,
8é, proceded by ae Aafdv, which is common to both clauses and which
gives to efrév 268 its pormonnl reference. —dafév: see on tiv A 138, —
4nd Blew: strip off, followed by two accuaativ
SECOND BOOK OF THE ILIAD vel
262. rére: combines thy object. Whatever covers shy nakedness —
This would be the most bitter disgrace,
263. adrév: thyself; the man in contrast with his clothing; of: A 47
rowaryis 222, rerprySrag S14, does not imply past time.
See H..549.—dandows: a standing epithet of blows,
265. exhwepy... wXAfev: ie. lio gave him a heavy blow orer the bask
{rom one shoulder to the other, as a foretasts of the harder beating which
would follow if he continued his insolence.
266. tere: escaped him, agninst his will,
268, oxfrrpoy tro: repeats ind of tévraviery. — Mero: evidently Ther-
witos was not soated at 2555 ¢f: 211 f.
269, ddyhwar: seized by pain; of. Bere A 83.
270, nal dxvinevot wep: they atill sympathized with Thersites; they had
not entirely recovered from their homesickness. — 48% yaroav: burst into
@ hearty laugh, which quieted thelr exeltement; of. A599.
271. ris: represents public opinion, — t6év: not of an action prior to.
that of the principal vert, bit coineident with it. Casting a glance. —
rhneloy; as substantive. —Gddov: as 191.
272. & wéwo: the interjection which exprostod sorrow in A 254 here
expresses pleased surprise, Its meaning in each case is determined by the
conncotion.— 4 &4: verily before now, contrasted with viv &é 274. — fopye:
the perfect marks the character of Odysseus as shown in the past, while
ipekey 274 refers to the single aot) just os in English, “he has done, ete,
but he nover did a better thing.”
273. Wépxav: first suggesting, proposing.
274, ply Spurvor: predicate to raBc the object, «This is far the best
thing that,” ¢fe.; of 216. ‘The difference between this and dy" dpurray (ef.
‘A 00) is simply metrical ;. ce § 22 «. — tp: for the single p after the
augment, wo § 43 ¢.
275. be wrd.: relative clause with causal foros, since he. — ror AaPnrtipa
teurfshov: for the order of words, of: A 340. —texe: cheoked, equivalent
to deavow. Coincident with dpeger 274; of. the explanation of rdBe dpya
252 by the following verse. —dyephev: speeches before the pespie ; of. 788.
For the genitive, ¢f- dvris 97.
276. Ifa conjunction had twen used here, it would have had the force
OF 40, therefore. — 0 Onv: hardly, I think, Or ix tronical here, like Attic
Bjrou —ew ade: literally, berk again, again, anew. mddw marks o
return to the same point; of AL16. Of dairepov abrig A 518.
2 COMMENTARY TO THE
278. 4 whndis: the crowd there; with plural as collective. Cf 90. —
‘va torn: shows that Odysseus rosumod his seat after chastising Thorsites.
Ch. 76.—-wrohropGos: a general title of honor, The same epithet ia
‘applied to Achilles, In the Odysrey, it is given only to Odysseus.
279, wapé: adverb, by hiv site.
281. Ana re: the position of ré in free; of A 417. It ssoms to be
intended here to unite tha two verbs, and properly has its place after the
first of the ideas which it connects, It is the more remarkable here since
8 combination with re maf follows, —ol mparor xrA.t ie. te moxt remote as
well as the nearest. 263. Ch ATS.
284. “Arpitiy: Odysseus turns first to the iting whose authority bas
‘boon challenged. He now defends the king’s purpose directly, as he hnd
defended it indirectly in his address to Thersites. He then opposes the
‘motives for return which had bean advanced.
285. mnéow Pporotow:; literally, for all mortals, in the eyes of all mena—
Adiyxwrov: most disgraced. For its formation from éAeyxos, of: ExOuoros
(from eyGor) A176. — Oipevar: make. Cf. 319, Gye A 2.
296. oH ror KrA.: “since they do not.” —iy mp bmrrar: which they
surely promised (soe 889) or the very promise that they made; woe on 318,
287. Wvdbe eth. as they were still coming, “as they were on their way
to Troy.” —*Apyes: i.e. Poloponncaus; ¢f. A 90. For the epithat, ef
aptum dicet equis Argos ditesque Mycenag Hor. Carm.i. 7.9,
288 = 113.—icmipravra: o¢ is subject, supplied from ro’, above. —
droveetax: in apposition with dréayera.
289. 4: in cruth, as 229, 242, 272,
290. SAdAoew: with cach other, to each other. — d&ipovras: mournfully
they long; with pregnant force, followed by the infinitive. ¢/. A 22.
291, ij why Kol crA.: concessive and excusing, “Our trouble has been
enough to maken man return to his home.” ‘Tho other side of the pie
ture is introduced in 207 by 4AAA eal Jumps. An a wise orntor, Odyssous
concedes that their longing for home is natural (many a man is home
sick after a single month away from his family), but he emphasizes
the motives for continuing the struggle —dwylira: agrees with rod
implied as the subject of the infinitive. —weea: for the infinitive, of
dxurtae A 8, ,
292. wol fva: even @ single. This introduces an inference a minori
ad maiua—ris re: many a one. — dws: of, 162, A 562,
293. Sy mp: refers to rig re
294. <deow: for the mode, of A 554. — Spwoplvq: when at ts excited,
|
|
SECOND BOOK OF THE ILIAD 3
295, tpty paprérreews [uluvoved]: for ua remaining here. “We have
been here nearly nine years." For the ense, of A 250, —weperpomiuw: of:
651, volventibus annis Verg. den. |. 234, volvendis mensibus &
— Nine years seem to have passed at 134,
297, But even in spite of all that, it is a shame to return unxuccensful.
298, Gypiv ard: equivalent to Sypiv pelmura xevely vécous, — mandy i
‘empty, it. empty-handed, without the booty gained from sucked Troy. Cf.
the words of Agamemnon, when after Menelaus has been wounded he
suppotos some Trojan to say: ani bi) {fy ofkivBe (Av és warpiBx yuiny | ow
xuvijow (empty) vpvot S180.
299 Mf. Cf. Civccro’s tronelation; Ferte viri, et duros animo tole-
rate labores,|auguris ut nostri Calchantis fata queamus|
scire ratosne habeant on yanos pectoris orsus, ete., de Div, i, 90.
299. For tho ‘nayndeton,’ ef; 276. — tm xpévew : for a time.
300. indy: whether in truth. For i he, cf: 238; vos § 20
901. véée; rofors to 303 ff., and thus to 308 ff, ‘a
302. wf: as hypothetical. This is the only instance in Homer of jj
with the indicative in ® conditional relative clause. Cy. 143.— (Bar
‘Plpoweas : wea on A 391.
80S. xO re Kal xpwtd: proverbial of an erent still well remembered.
For re wai, mee § 21 g. —AsASa: a Bocotian harbor on the Euripus, oppo-
site Chalcis in Buboea, where the Achnean forces gathered, in order to set
sail together for Troy. See § 6a. ‘This place and the muster of the
troops there received greater prominence in the Inter stories of this “Trojan
‘expedition.
304. . : descriptive imperfect, C/. A 25.
305. fyuie &: independent sentence, oxplaining dre «rd. 303. — appt
mupl: on both sides around, round about. Such a spring is still shown at
Aulis.—xerd Popol: me on A318, The numerous altars of the differ.
ent tribes occupied considerable space. Evidently the Greeks had no
temple there, or it would have been mentioned. Asin the carliest times
of their religion, the woods were thelr temples, See an A 39,
907. sharaviery: the plane tree was highly valued by the orientals.
It often shados springs and streams. A fragment of this troe was shown
awa holy relic in the teraple of Artemis, in the time of Hadrian,
306, fia: shen ; reponte the idea of x@fd re xrA. 308. — Spdnwy : ‘apposi-
tive xeyndeton.” Cf, 145. —Saspowse: all Bond red.
310. Bayod swathes : darting from under the altar.— $4: points back to
ob yap 5) ride Wiper.
14 COMMENTARY TO THE
BLL. vine sieve: tender browt (fledglings) ; «f' wxfrpp B18 of the mother
bird. The terms of human relationship are used of birds and beasts,
812. dmomemenims : cronchedl under,
913. dxré: part of the wonder, since sparrows generally lay only four
or five eggs. ‘The numbers receive prominence, since the interpretation of
the omen rests only on the equal number of sparrows and years of war.
Cf. Pharaoh's drearn with its seven fat kine for seven years of plenty, and
seven Jenn kine for seven yoars of famine, Gen. xli.—whrnp, 4 nine: for
the <epexegesis,’ see § 12 «.
314. Deavd : cognate accusative, adverbial with rerpeySras.—rerpuydras :
for the tense, see on 264,
315. duderorire SSvpopim: for the hiatus, of 211,—wéawa: object
of the finite verb,
B16. terckinevos: coiling itself, in order thus to strike the bird with
greater force. — mweipvyes : for the genitive, of. youver A 407.— duguayutay =
repeats concisely the verb and participle of 315,
317. ward thaye : Kurd is used as in narjobe 314, caraxalen.
B18. Apifmkov: uentor adjective as substantive. C/.204. Tho adjective
is in the predicate after Ojxw. Made thix (serpent) to be something very
clear, ise. 4 sign from the gods. —8s mp: the same god who,— Bnew:
equivalent to fixe péwobe 309,
B19. daw ydp par Eee: male it a stone, (urned it Wo stone, Of. fit Inpis
ot servat serpentis imagine saxum Ovid Met. xii. 25.
B20 olov érixOn: what had happened; exclamation giving the con-
tants and reason of Paysdzoper.
321. Gawd whhwpa: dire portents, i.e. the serpent with its deeds and its
petrifaction. — ef Ate : here followed by an accusative,
322. Cf. A 100. 323. dwg tyiwerde : became mute.
S24, hpty: empliatic.— robe: object, with répas pweya as predicate.
+ 325. Bfapor dperidervoy = for tho repetition, sue § 12 41; for the ‘asynda-
ton,’ see § 15.—tov Mos: because of the fulfillment of the propheoy.
327 =313.—This verse ie repeated, since the numeral adjectives are
most important for the interpretation of the omen.
328. adXh: ie. before Mica, like atrop 237,
329. wpBeedry: on that tenth, “then, in the tenth year”; the article calls
attention to this ws the decisive year, Cf. da pav evderes modeulCopuey
vles *Ayatiin, | 75 Bendiryy B modu Upiduov mépruvees EBnuer | obeube oly
aeons $240 {. there for mine years we mins of the Achaeans fought, but on the
tenth we sacked the city of Priam, and set out for home with our ships.
SECOND BOOK OF THE ILIAD 16
891, Gye: as interjection, with the plural; see on A 02,
932, Serv: if, the wiky of 329. The poot's choice between the two
wonls is often determined by the convenience of his verse; $22 ¢ fi.
933. dpi Bi wrA.t so that the ships resounded, ete.; *paratactic’ clause
to express result; parenthetical, as A 10, 1 134, 410. dmaujoayre 836
refers not to "Ayuudiv 334 but to 'Apydio 393.
334, duedvray ard. : from the shout, ete, War the genitive, nee § 19 9 y.
335, brawiravres ; adds the reason for the shout. —'Obwrefor elovw :
standing veree-close; seo § 12 U. Bios OSvoweds (241) serves as the
nominative. .
336, «al: alo, with reference to the preceding speakers. —Typfiwes: a0
called from the Messenian town where Nestor was bred and whiol was his
place of refuge when Heracles sacked Pylos.
937. dyephack: with lengthened initial vowel; so § 50 e.—Thio
reproach, thongh addressed to all the Greoks, is directed only against
those who sympathize with ‘Thersites in his longing to return, Nestor
speaks mors velwmently than Odysseus, who bad prepared the way with
arguments. — For the brief comparinon, see § 14d
938. wohuufua ipya: ‘periphrasis’ for woAguos, § 165 d.
339, 7) 54 Bfowrar: a rhetorical question, “What will become of
compacts if no one thinks of keeping them ?"—ew@ertos ve wal Spaie
compacts sworn at sacrifices, here referring to the solemn sacrifice at Aulis,
Hence Dido says: non ego cum Danals Trolanam exscindere
gontom | Aulide inravi Vorg. dem. iv. 425 £ Odyssous called it only
an dréryoris (286). — duty: ethical a: “Our agreements.”
340. ty wvpl «rA.: ironical wish in his indignation. “Let all be
thrown into the flames, as worthless." —iy wvpt: of. E 215, where the
archer Pandarua, in vexation; vows to break hin bow and throw it into
tho fire, as useless,
B41, ewovbal Gxparor : libations to the gods with unmired wine (mee on
T 270), although no wine was drunk unmixed with water. — bral: i.e.
plodges given by tho right hand. See on dairy A 64.
342. aGros: without change, vainly; of, 198. It Ix explained by what
follows, — piixes = way of reli¢f, #. {rom this contest of works to come to
deeds and the conquest of Troy.
S44. ‘Arpetfq, od BE: ax A 262.—En: construc with dpyeve “In the
{ature as in the past.” — ior wr. © holding firmly fo thy determination, se. to
caplure Troy, Hare begins the ditvct exhortation to Agamemnon to seine
again with decision the reins of his authority,
76 COMMENTARY TO THE
346, ta phwitay: let them perish! —fva wal 660: for the idiomatic use
of nad, of; 808, A 125, C963, Nestor doprociatos the tumbor of the rene-
gades and mentions no names. —"Ayev: partitive genitive with rod
247, véegw Povkaiwes: “plan apart from us, separating their cause
from ours, like Thorsites.”— wow... atréy: parenthetical, connected
with the preceding by the contrast between foredoor ond Sur — '
adrav: neuter, of the plans (BovAcipars) implied in Bovreiuae.
340, mply var; depends on Bordetwou— Ave: by ‘prolepsis” (of:
deApedy 109) connected with ywipam and supplied in thought for
tmdoryeence.
349, at vy, ef ve: indirect questions, ns A 65.—mol oink: ef: 288,
350. dmpl: maintain, assert. —oiv: at all events. This particle is not
frequent in Homer, It occurs about sixty times in the Zliad and Odyssey.
—aravderas : intransitive, gare a promise. Soe on A 514.
352. quan rp re: closely connected, as a standing formula, as 743.—
ryerly bv Maurer of: 610, 618, & Toi dvaPrjuerar a 210 embark and set
sail for Troy.
352. ‘Apysio: for the position, see § 11 j.—-dipovres: off 304.
253, Aoxphmrwv: as if Sr. auréveuce Kpoviwy had preceded. ‘This change
of construction is caused by the intervening 351 {. A more violent
‘anocoluthon* is P211,—émBiie! on our right, ic. on the propitious aide,
— paiva: interpretation of derpérrev. For the ‘chiastic’ ordar of words,
of: A 448, 558 f.
255. mplv arh.: ie. before the capture of Troy, —but with special
reference to the booty. The women and children of a captured clty
were treated as slaved, the mon were killed.—-+wa: in collective
sense, referring to ench individual, as is also Tpdwy AXdyep,
356, rlrarda: ‘chinstic’ with nuraxoyyOijvas with which it is coin
cident. ‘The Trojans shall be repaid, Like for like, —"BAdvas épyfvara
werd: the longings and sighs of Helen, i.e. those which she felt und uttered.
‘ibutes to Nestor a knowledge of Helen's repentance (see on
nest longing to return to Greocn (se T 1894.), Paris ix
everywhere in Homer held chiefly responsible for Helen's fault, although
she followed him willingly, She ix always attractive in Homer, Vergil
(Aen, vi. SLL ff.) represents her in o much mare unpleasant light. .
358. amrledw Hs yméy: of 171. In a threatening tone. “Only lot him
prepare to depart ! Instead of returning as he wishes, befom the rest, he
will find death here, before the rest" For the imperative, of A 802,
—teredporo «rh, : a8 170,
SECOND HOOK OF THE ILIAD 7
389. S}pa: in order that. This was the natural consequence to be
expected. — éverov: ac. as punishment. — edepov: ef. well “Exropa drpor
droiuos 3 00 after show hast killed Hector, death is ready for thee,
360, Graf: Nestor turns to Agamumnon, —aelted vf Dry: this is the
leading thought, a4 is shown by what follows, while ef pojGeo reoapitulatas
$44 f, “As thou must plan wisely thyself, so also follow another's advice.”
361. AmdPAqrov: for the final syllable, long by position before a lost
consonant, see § 59 j,
362. Kpive: separate, i.e, place in position separately, a8 440.— werd
ihe: distributive, by tribes, the principal division of each Gresk people;
éf. 668, For this use of xard, of: A 487.—nark detrpar: by clans, to
which the separate families belonged.— CY. ‘According to your tribes,
-- according to the families thereof; and the family which the Lord
I take shall come by households,’ Jovhua vii, 14.—This verse eug-
gests such n catalogue as follows (484 ff.).—This separation of the army
into divisions might have been expected carly in the war. But this time
4s the beginning of the war, so far as the hearer is concerned,
363. dpirpn «rd. ; equivalent to AAsjAdus.
965. & re Aadvive. Eyou The clause is relative, not interrogative,
366. kard rpiag : by themselves separately. Cy. M271.
367. § noi Gurmeiy: whether thon hast failed not simply because of
the inefficienoy of the army, but also by decree of the gods, ‘This rofers
to 111 fl. —ddamdgug: future, since the success of this measure will not
uppear until in the future.
368. 4: oronly, as the Rngiish idiom requires, to correspond to wad, above.
370. 4 paw: strong assereration, in vory truth, — etre: again, as often
befor.” Agamemnon’s praise is for Nestor’s whole speech.
871. This appeal to the three chief divinities is made in the ease of
ardent wishes. Gonorally, as hore, fulfillment of the wish ix not expectod.
Cf. dux MMe Graeciae nasquam optat Alacis similes
habeat decom, sed at Nestoris; quod si aceidorit, non
dubitat quin brevi sit Troia & Ciera de Seu. 31,
374. xwpolv Gro: for ied with the dative, in its transition from local to
instrumental sense, soe § 19 i. — éXobea: aorist, to mark the capture of
the city as the decisive moment, while wypbopém refers to the duration
of the work of destruction; of: A 331.
375. Kpovitine Zeta > closely connected ; of. A 502.— "The verses which
immediately follow seem inconsistent with the confident expectation
expreasod in 412 f.— For the complaint, ef. 111.
8 COMMENTARY TO THE.
376. Be: n&275.—yerd : into the midst of; cf. A 222, 429. — dwpherove :
of 121. — Pada: canis, is wont to entangle in,
377. poxnodpdda: af. Epide Lvveqne pukyeorfa A S.— dvena Koipys : hero
marks the insignificant occasion of the quarrel.
378. jexor: construe with the participle. —xedewalwv: ie the
quarre).
879. ty ye play KrA- = ac. Bovdsr, of: Sebul B41. Agree in counsel, the
opposite of duis ppafertas of. 14.
361. timey: thw principal meal of the day, no matter when it is
taken, See §17. ‘The warriors would hace no more food until night.
A considerable part of the day had passwd during the events narrated since
48, — tvvdyopev “Apna : i.e. begin the sharp contest; see on 420, Cf M0,
A8, 170, committere proolium.
382. rie: collective. — eb: the repetition is rhetorical: of. d& A436 ff.
— Cf. Arm, warriors, arm for fight! ... let each | His adamantine cout
gird weil, and each | Fit well hiv holm, gripe fast his orbed shield,’ Milton
Par, Lost vi. 587 Mt,
384. Spparos dpple: construe with idiy, Looking carefully about his
chariot, to see that all was in good condition. ‘The pritteipal idea is In the
participle, not in the finite verb, See § 21 &
BBS. wavmpdpior: a8 A 4T2.—de xpivipaa: that ne moy measure our
strength. —orvypg “Apne = dative of interest, ive, in dread battle.
386. perdeceras: shall be between, #0, the conflicts.
387. pivos dv6pdr: for the periphrasis, of: 851,105, See § 10d.
308, rei [rovds, rot]: many aonc'e. ‘The strap of the shield ran o¥er
the loft shoulder and under the right arm, ‘The shield was 80 heavy that
it needed support from the body as well as from the arm.
389. xelpa: arm; accusative of upecification, —sapéiren tac. rig from
991. Cf. A G40.—Wédovra: inclined, ready, — vohew: perceive,
392, jupvdtan: object of édovra- A collateral form of pévs, pire,
§ 87 a. —ob : by no means; emphatic at the head of the clause, to contrast
tho following thought with the cowand's expectation. — et: personal pro
noun instead of a demonstrative after the conditional rlative sentence,
Cf A218.
393. Kivar rd; Me on A 4,—* Nothing shall save him from death.
394. dy bre: introduces a comparison, a8 8462. § lhe. Se. iy —
Cf. He scarce had finished when such murmur filled | Th’ assembly, ag
when hollow rocks retain | ‘The sound of blust’ring winds, which all night
SECOND BOOK OF THE ILIAD 79
long | Had roused the sea,” ele. Milton Par, Lost ii. 256 ff. ; «He ended,
and the heavenly nudience loud | Sung Hallelujah as the sound of seas,"
@, x. GH {.; ‘He said, and as the sound of waters deep, | Moarse murmur
echood to his words applause,’ i, ¥. 872 4.
395. rivfop: for the subjunctive, of A 80, Se. «ina as object,
396. exowihy: locative, in partitive apposition with dang. Ch M6.
—riyate Avipaw: Le. wanes roused by the winds. Cf. treet Tpov 728,
poBov “Apnos 707, woivoy Aus (411 disease sent ly Zeus
397. br dv yévewrat: 2, dvquo. ‘This explains wayroiww, but the whole
sentence picturesque decoration of the comparison, See § 14 a, —
48" ¥ feta: in this direction or in that; of: 90, 462, 476, 812,
398. dplovre: they hastened away. — ward vag: of. 47.
A SACRIFICE
400. pete: for the imperfect, of: depia A 25.—teiw erh.: of. A 200.
Each of the tribes offered sacrifices to its national god.
402, Uipwew: ac. as ho prepared a foast for the + Gerontes,’ Kings
generally sacrificed to Zeus, as their patron, See on A 170.—"Ayapipwov:
in opposition with & See § 42 |.
a
80 COMMENTARY TO THE
403, werratrnpor: i.e. full-grown. ‘This ago was approved for beef and
pork, An ox was the most honored victim, —_Kpoview: dative of inter
eat, in hiv honor, with Kpeoey.
404. ylpovrer: sve on yepérruy 21. Tho following seem to be the
members af the Bovdy of 53.
405, mpérwra: Nestor has the first place in the regardof Agamemnon,
See 20, 971 ff. Idomenous has a high place; ¢f. A145, Idomencus ia
also a great friend of Menelaus; of. I 232.
406. Tybi0s vidv: ie. Diomed, king of Argos. Sce on 567.
408. airdparos: Menelaus needed no invitation, holding « special rola-
tion. — Bohr Syatés: this epithet is applied often to Menelaus. $12 8.
409, 45cdpedv: tho subject of the xubordinate clause ik taken by antici-
pation (If. 878) as the object of the principal clause; of. 348, «I know
thee who thou art’ St. Luke iv, 34. —dq twowtre : how busy he was in pre
paring for the feast: and the battle.
410. weplernay: scoond avrist ; of. A 445. — eddexéros xrA.; as A 449,
412. Zed xrA.= equivalant to Jupiter Optimus Maximu The
different attributes are given without conjunctions; see §15¢.—The
elated teme of the prayer results from the king's infatuation by the dream ;
of. 87 . — wehaswipée + since the god uppears in the dark thundercloud, —
aidips: of, A 44, 195,
413. tn(: construe with Siva, so. upon the battle, — det evdpag Ody:
of. A475, —The infinitives depend on 84s implied in the invocation, The
optative follows in 418.—For tho wish, ¢f: Joshua's worda: «Sun, stand
thou still upon Gibeon; and thou, Moon, in the valley of Ajalon, And
the sun stood still, and the moon stayed, until the people had avenged
themselves upon their enemies" Joshua x. 12 £.
424. xpnvis: proleptio predicate after aand Badlay. Cf. uynAdov 417,
dXacrov 420.
915. elfadse : the coiling timbers were blackened by the smoke from
the fires and torches, for which no adequate outlet was provided. — spires:
construe with the genitive. —Oiperpa: Le. the double door which with ite
decorations formed a principal ornament of the palace,
walent to "Extopos. See on 20,
word; ¢f. O73, A230, — aug’ atrdv: about Rime
self, an the chief personage.
Q18. 884§ erA.: bite the dust, in the last convalsive agony of death ; of:
humum seme} ore momordit Verg. Aen, xi. 418.— 6664; equivalent
to ois Goto. Cf wig V' 287 with the feet, ASE Z BS with the foot,
SECOND BOOK OF THE ILIAD 81
419. weepalane: of: A455. Coincident in time with fare
420. Siero : second aorist ; of BéxGar A 23. Zeus gave no sign of dis
Pleasure, hence it was inferred that he accepted the sacrifice. — bpadw :
i.e, be gave them groater labor of war instead of giving thom peace; of:
ao.
421-424 = A 458-461. 425, Of, A462,
426. ‘Hoalerow: ie. blazing fro. The god ls put for his element,
H “Bors Lor sokqur 381; "Apserpiry for Gidaoow p 97 es ee
pos x 444; Vuleanum spargere tectis Verg. dem, vii. 77.
427-432 = A 404-469, 433. role: of. ASB.
425, pqxén nrA.i no longer now Let us talk here for a long time, Nestor
wished to prevent the conversation that generally followed a, feast, He
agreed with Agamemnon (381 ff.) in calling for acti
436, AuPeNrbpdla: cf. dvi BAyors 380, — 64: now, — Neds: i, Zou, —
tyywadtta: gives into our hands, sc. in eo fur as the Dream directed the
immediate preparation for battle,
437. Gy: here only in Homer with third porson imperative, bot this is
equivalent to “bid the heralds,” efc. — xfjpwos: i. Agamenmon’s, as 50,
412. —"Ayardv : constras with Aady, as 163,
439. juste: é.c. the princes who are named in 405 fl.—dtpdor Be asxem-
Bled as we are.
440, Biwroov: the quicker. —tylpopew xrX.: of. 381. Cf. ‘awake oar
sleeping sword of war,’ Shakspere Henry the Fifth, i. 2. 22.
442-444. C/. 50-52, 442, airina: ‘asyndotio’; eee § 16 d.
445. of B dud" “Arpetwva: “the son of Atreus and the other princes.”
OFT IAG. Seo H. 701, 3; G. 1202, 8.
446. xplrovres : following Nestor’s advicn (302).— pera 8: but among
them, #8 477.— Athena ix unseen. So Apollo leads the Trojans forward,
uso Spour vepidqy 0 208 with a cloud wrapped about his shoulilers. See
on A 198. —"Adhrq : sc. Ove, which is taken up by 6érevro 450.
447. alyiba : ns goddess of war (sce on A 206), Athona wears the aegis of
Zous, appareutly asa light shield. ‘The aegis was a symbol of the thunder-
cloud, just as the Gorgon's head upon it (741) represented the thunder-
storm. ‘This is worn by Athena regularly in works of art.— dyfipaoy er). :
explanatory of épéryov. dyzjpaoe is always associated by Homer with
éBivuros, and elsewhere in the poema is used only of persons, excupting the
gold and silver dogs that guard the palace of the king of the Phacacians
448. ris: from which. Construe with jepéGovras. — The present is used
of # dirine and unchanging quality.
82 COMMENTARY TO THE
449. tuedantes : evidently the art of drawing gold into thin threads was
known in the Homeric period. — ixorépBoves : cattle formed the standard
of valae in those times. Coined money was unknown,
451. ty: construe with dpue.
452. napbiq: of. Og A 2. KapBiy is found in Homer only in this
verse, elsewhere xpadiy, as 1TL; see § 31.
455-483, Sev $ lic.
455. Hire: as S7.— larmerov: ac, in extent, ‘This is estential for the
comparison, since the extent of the fire is a condition of its brightness ax
eon at a dintance.
456. fxafey : frum afar, whem tho poet chooses his station with the men
who wre looking on.
407. rav> of these ; limite xaAwoi, —Ipxoniver: ax they were going forth.
—Biermeriow 20, beciine of the throng.
458. 5¢ allipos: i.e. rouches through the nother to the home of the
gods See on A 44.
459, ray: prepares the way for the leading clause. [t ix taken up by
ray 464, a8 rots 474 is taken up by rots 476. —Wwa: of. 8 s
460. xnviv: the specializing of dpridwy forms a concrete picture, of
which tho definite local designation forms a part. § 12 /: Cranes were
ouly birds of parsaye in Greece, Cf T 4.—xbevev a quondam
nivei liquida inter nubila oyoni Verg. Aen, vii. 699,
61. “Acly: for the use of the adjective, of dv Adudve SxapavBple
407, Asia prata Verg: Georg. i. 883, qualos sub nubibus atris|
Strymoniae dant signa grues Vorg Aen. x. 264 {.— From this plain
of Lydia south of Mi. Tmolus, the name of Asia spread to the Persian
Empire ond finally over the whole continent ; just as « Rurope’ at first was
only the Boootian plain.
462, fa ced. fo this aide or to that; of. 307. —dyaddepeva nr). + literally,
delighting with their wings, i, with joyous play of thelr win,
463. ehayynfdv mpocabtsvrur : seitling (forward ) with loud cries, referring
to dpviBuy 159, The flocks with inoossant noite fly on again and again to
settle in another spot, and the last birds to reach the ground take their
places in front of the rest.—cpopayt §: for the ‘pmrataxis’ see on
210. 464 = 91.
465. mBlov: ie. the plain between the camp and the city. —wpexdowre =
¢f. ‘Saw what numbers namberless | The city gates outpour’d, lightarm’d
troops,’ etc., Milton Par. Regained iii. 310 f.—tmé: adverb, explained by
the following abilatival genitive oddy.
SECOND BOOK OF THE ILLAD 83
466. abrir Kr. : of both themselves and their horses; ef, 702, Thin limite
wobiov.
467 {. The third comparison ix closely connected with the preceding.
—ferav: julterl, stopped, a8 they came to the field of battle. For the
norist, ef: 04,
468. Gon: in the season, i.e. in spring.
469, Hire arh: protasia to révam «rh. 472 The verb is here omitted
in the first member of a comparison, —pudey: the fly has elewhere also
the character of an impudent, eager insect. — dBivdaw tma: of. 87.— Of.
+Or as a swarm of flies in vintage time, | About the wine press where
rweot must fs pourd, | Beat off returns as oft with humming sound
Milton Par, Regained iy. 15.
470. wopvivov: the Homeric Greeks did not use the milk of cows. —
always hover about,
471, bre nxA.: oxplains Spy éy dapaz. Clearly tho Homeric Groeks
Aid not expect to have milk through the entire year.—ré: marks the close
connection of the clauses. See § 21 b.
472. tei Tedwres: to battle against the Trojans. dnt is here used with
the dative, implying hostility, Cf A 862.
473, Ioravre : were thing their positions. — Svappateras
474. wharia: slanding epithet, Growl, wide feeding, ie. scattered nx
they feed; in contrast with «huddling’ sheep, —alwéhos &vBpes of: BamAie
dvdpl T 170, Bovdyhpov dvBpa B24, Dprtyas dvépas T 185, dxéper exparnye,
SoSpes orprrrvioran, Gripes dBAgol Acts xxi
475. Biaxplverw: subjunctive of a gonoral supposition; of A 551.—
wong: dative of place, —prylorw: zc. abréia alyay ax subject —This
comparison implies common pastures, not held in severalty,
476. Buxdoyeov: of. duxorpnfdper 126, A rplya koopyDivres O55.
477. lives: for the infinitive, of. pdyerGas A 8.—perd : adverb, as 446,
478. Ail «rh: Agamemnon combines the majesty of Zeus with the
grace of Ares, These characteristics of the gods seem known to the
hearers from works of art, Cf. I 167 ff. Homeric comparisons of men
with gods do not generally specify a particular feature. — Of. +See what
‘a grace was seated on this brow; | Hyperion’s curls; the front of Jove
himeelf;| An eye like Mars, to threaten and command; | A station like
the herald Mercury |... A combination and a form indeed, | Where
every god did seem to ect his neal,’ Shakspere Hamlet iii. 4. 55 ff.
479. For the ‘chliasmus,’ <f A 443, 558 f. See § 16 a.—férqr:
waist.
- Tpiag.
84 COMMENTARY TO THE
460. fois: xonde more definite by its appositive raipos. Cf, 460.—phya:
far; of NTS, —tehero: guomie norist, frequent in coruparisonss of A418.
481. yap re: always connected, like naamque,
482. elev; such a one; sums up the characteristion which have been
mentioned. In spite of 419, Zeus sustains the royal honor which he hir~
self had granted (sce ou A 178).
483. denpenéa: in apposition with roiov.—ifexov: elsewhere followed
by Une genitive:
Tar Caratooux or Tae Sutra,
484. Solemn invocation of the Muses where a faithful memory is
rwaded for tolling the story, or where the theme taxes the port's powers.
(dude bed A 1, dvBpu jo éwere poiva a1, pandite nune Helicona,
deag, cuntusque movete,|...et meministin enim, divag at
memorare potestis: | ad nos vix tenuis famme perlabitur
aura Verg. den. vil, 641, 046 £.—FPor the repetition of the invocation,
cf: \Descund from Heaven, Urania,’ Mition Par. Lost vil. 1,—vir: nom,
closely conuecting what followw with the advance of the Aches tht tn
heen described (455-183). —poteer: plural, as S04. Homer does not know
the name of any Muge, and has their number as nine only in m G0. The
earlier number seems to have been three, —the eame as of tha Fates,
Graces, Hours, ef. The Muses could not be assigned to different arte and
sclences before the arts and sciences existed. —'Ohyma: the earliest
wop on tho slopes of Mt. Olympus; they
viii, 68); Hesiod tranafermad them
the rhyme between the words
esura and the clows of the vere, sea § 13 0. — For this Cata-
» of forces, «/: Joshua xv—xix, Numbers xxvi, Hesiod’s Theogomy,
Vorgil’s Aeneid vii, 611-317, and Milton’s list of fallen angele (Par.
Lost 5, 892521).
485. mdperre: ac. maow from mivru,—This verse and the next follow-
ing are parenthetical. — Cf. * Say fi Heuy’n hides nothing from thy
view, | Nor the deep tract of Hell," ete. Milton Par. Lost i. 2
496, jets: wwe bards. —whlos: report, “what pooplo say,
With Bucy. — dxodopav: ire hear, ive. we have heard, aa in English,
407, Cf. 760.
488. wAnfiw: as 143. —Av pwOfropm: for the mode, of, A 139,
489. oi6' at: not men f-— Cf. now ego cuncta meis ampleeti
vorsibus opto,|no, mihi a! linguwe centam sint orague
home of the Mawes ao
theno
before the
in contrast
SECOND BOOK OF THE ILIAD 85
contum, |ferren vox Verg. Georg. il. 42 f, Aen. vi. 695, «1 vox
infragilis, pectus miki firmius aere,|pluraque cum Huguis
Pluribus ora forent Ovid Trixt, 4. 5. 63
490. xdAxeov: epithet of strength and firmness, —frop: Le. lunge
491 f. This thought is hard to reconcile with the preceding, which
notes the physical imposslbility of rehearsing the names of so great a mul.
titude, —'Ohvpméber; not a true patronymic here, bub » mere adjective of
connection; of Olpariaves A570, The Muses are "OAvjmun Bayar’ dxo-
au: 484. See § 39 a. — Aids ath: of. 598, Goh [yotou) Hiyatep Duds a 10,
The mother, according to the later myth, was Mnemosyne (Memory).
492. dma “Dov soe on 216.
493. 'This verse promises something different from 487. —~ dpyots ai =
in contrast with AyOvv 158. —specieas’ all together; ax the powt adds
a statement of the number of the ships to the names of the leaders of
cach people.
496 tf. The Catalogue seoms to have been prepared for an account of
the mastering of the Greeks at Aulis and the embarkation thence (of
500 £.), and to haye beon inserted here with divers alterations, We expect
hern an account of the forees, not of the ships.
‘The nations, their leaders, and the number of their are ena
merated in a definite geographical order, in three principal divisions: I
(a) The mainland of Greece south of Thermopylae; (b) middle and
southorn Greoce with the islands immediately adjoining. Sixteen con-
Ungonts. (494-014) CH. Toxular Greece, from Crete to Calyduue, Four
contingents, (845-050.) II]. Theasalian Greece, from Mt Octa and
Mt, Othrys on tho sonth, to Olympas on the north, Nine contingents,
(B81-759,) See § Td.
‘Tho Achasan ships womber in all 1186. ‘The number of men om each
ship is stat two contingents: each Boeotian ship carried 120
men (610); ack of the ships of Philoctetes brought 60 men (710).
The ships of Achilles also brought each 50 men (I 170). From the
avernge of the two numbers given for the Boeotinns and the ships of
Philoctetes, the unciente reckoned the whole mimber of Achaenns before
‘Troy as 100,000. Others reckoned the ships roundly ax 1200, axsigued
100 men to cach ship, and estimated the whole number of Achaeans as
120,000,
The Greeks valued this list highly, because of its geographioal and
statistical information. Thoy looked upon it as a part of history, a
versified geography and gazetteer, ‘They appealed to It to settle disputed
for 01
86 COMMENTARY TO THE
questions, and the charge of interpolating verses in it was like a charge of
falsifying public records,
‘The post evidently desires to represent this expedition as a great
national undertaking. He enumerates even those nations which from
their inland position were not likely to have had anything to do with suoh
awar, ¢g. the Arcadians (603-614), who are not mentioned in the rest of
the Iiad as taking part in the bottles on the plain of Troy. The poet
doos not seam to exalt one nation at the expense of another, either here
or in the other parts of the Miod. A bard wandering from country
to country would acquire a woalth of geographical information, but would
forin no strong lool sttachments.
"EAAds nod the "EAApes in this Catalogue are restricted to m part of
‘Thessaly (5844). ‘The Dorians and Yoninns are not mentioned. No Groek
colonies are kuown, whether in Asia Minor, in Sicily and the West, or
elsewhere, Tha names Peloponnesus, Attica, Klousis, Megara, Delphi,
Olympia, and Pisa do not appear, Thus this Catalogae seems to have
‘been composed before the Dorian migration into Peloponnesus, and the
sending forth of colonies to Asin Minor and the West.
494-558. Boevlia, Phocis, Locris, Eubvea, Athens, Salamis, "The enux
aeration proceeds northerly from Boootia, then to the east, then south-
ward, and so to the west, around Boeotia, Seven contingents; 262
ships.
‘The post begins with Bosotla, probably because the fleet collected
at Auli (03). Because of this beginning, the ancients gave the name
Bowréa or Bowrela to the Catalogue of the ships.
494-510. Boeotia, This document presents a distribution of the Greeks:
such as existed after the Trojan War. According to Thucydides (i. 12),
the Boootians lived in Thessaly until sixty years aftor the fall of ‘Tray.
See on 507. More towns are mentioned in Bovotia than elsewhere, which
acems to indicate a Boeotian poet, ‘The Thebans sre not prominent in
the action of the Iiiad, and Thebes is not mentioned ; see on 605.
4944. piv: correlative with 8 511.—The five leaders are all men-
tioned elsewhere,
496. of ve: refers to Bowray, 1
from Tonagra and Aulis.—AdXia: where the Achaean forees gathered
before setting sail for Troy; ser on
498, Ofewuay [Pormds]: without a conjunction to connect it with the
preceding, in order to mark the beginning of a new series, as SOL f, 5001
647, 789, — For the singular, sve § 87 d.—Thespiae and Platen were the
SECOND BOOK OF THE ILIAD 87
only Bosotinn cities to refuse tribute of cearth and water to Xerxex—
eipixopor: generally of cities (with broad squares for the chorul dance), ns
hore. Even now in Greece the villagers assemble on the public square for
their dances. — Frequently in this Catalogue are three subotantives eo
placed in a verve that but one has an adjective, and this adjective with its
noun fills the second half of the verse. Cy. 497, 502, 589, S61, 582, 606,
647, 789, cfc. —Miwadneedy: on the rond from Thebes to Chalcis,
499. Sug dvipovre : dwelt about, inhabited. Cf. G2, STH, G85, O34, eto,
—"Appo: here Amphiaraus (the chief hero of the expedition against
Sevon-gated Thobos) and his chariot sank into the earth.
502. Kéwas: this town gave its name to the lake on which it lay. —
Giefyv: Shuksperc’s Thisbe’ was named for the nymph of this place.
503. woujwra: horv fominine, an adjective of two endings. Cf. 77+
504. TAwarra: at the foot of Mt. Hypatws, where the decisive battle
betwoon the Epigoni and the Thebans was said to have been fought.
505. "Yrod4Bag: Lower Thebes, which Iny on the plain; in distinction
from Soven-gated Thebes with the Cadmean citadel which was destroyed
in the seoond Argive invasion by Diomed and his associates, and does not
seem to have been rebuilt in the Homeric time.
506. Sdoos: in apposition with "Oyoprran of: 602, 606.
507. “Apyqy: to be distinguished from tho Thesealian town of the
same name, which was the old home of the Boeotians aad gave to this
town ite nan
509. wee xiov: of: vypie loverms A 182. —ty Bi kederry Balvov : in each mere
raiding, se. from Nulis. See on 404 ff,
510. Patvov: cf. 361, 611, 019.—ieardy xrA.: probably an nnusually
large number,
511. “Opxoprdy: the rich capital of the farnoas empire of the Minyno;
called Mutaoy In distinction from the Areadian elty (605). Ib was
rouowned for its worship of the Graces, who were sald to have been first
worshiped thera. Both Orshomens and Aspledon (a amall town) lay
near Lake Copits, on the left bank of the Borotian Cephisus (see on 522),
on tho fertile plain of Bocotia. ‘The realm of the Minyae did not become
Boeotlan until later.
512. fpxs: aingular, although two porsonal subjects follow. Cf. 563,
050, 830, 842, 544, 858, 862, S76. See H. GOT. The second
many cases seems to be added as an afterthought.
513. Séyy: loonl, iw the house. —“Axropes: i.e. Astyocho's father.
514. dmpdrov: this served as the sleeping chamber for the women.
oot in
eS
88 COMMENTARY TO THE
1S. “Apyt: sho boro fo Ares, tho national god of the warlike Minyae.
For the dative, cf: 653. For the long first ayllable of “App, ¢f- 767,
“AwédAwvos A 14. — Tho socond half-verse is equivalont to a relative clause.
516. rete: construe with the verb. raw might have been used with
wee, $19 A.
517-526. The Phocians. These also may be supposed to havo fitted
ont their fleet on the Euripas.
510. "Iptrev: for this traditional form, the meter indicates the truer
form to bo 'I¢iroo, with ultima lengthened before the p (§ 50h). § 380.
529. ThWava: the epithat rermferoay is well deserved,
520. Kpteay: on the plain, noar the gulf of the same name, It seems
in early times to have controlled the Pythian sanctuary. — AqvAita: east
of Delphi, on a hill; ¢f Daulis quia in tumulo excelso site est
noc scalis nec oporibus capi poterat (sc. by the Romans) Livy
xxxii. 18, —Tlavowna : burnt, like Daulis, by the Persians under Xerxes,
522, pa; further; uniting the following to form » series with tha
preceding. —Kyurdv: the Cephisus takes its rise near Lilaea, on the
north slope of Mt. Parnassus, It flows with many windings through
Phoels into Boootia, and empties into Lake Copats,
524. dye twovre: accompanied.
525. of wivi fc, tho two leaders mentioned in 517, —adupumovres : for
the mse of the participle, see on fay A 188.
526. Bowrdy & dundny: next the Bocotians,—én’ dpurrpé: tu the left of
the Boeotians, in the lino of the ships, Cf; dmBéfm 853.
527-835. The Locrians.
527. “Ovdses: genitive of connection, with Alas. See If. 720 n, 730 my
G. 1085, 1. Cf. TeAnucvos Afag, where the ndjective ix equivalent to a
genitive, —rayds eelcrem sequi Afacem Hor, Carm, |. 15,18. Ta
the funeral games in honor of Patroclus, this Ajax runs a race with
Odysseus and would have won the prize, but Athena caused him to slip,
529. sdlyos: rmall, like Attio puxpés, which is rare in Horner, —Aiyo-
Gap: with linen doublet, te. in a closely woven, thlek Hnen jacket. Linen
armor later became more common (see Xen, An, iv, 7. 15 of the Chalybes,
Tov Awotv Odpan ds Smysipuos iy abroie Xen. Cyr. vi 4.2), Sneha cuirass
ef cocoanut fiber was the usual armor of some of the South Sea Islanders,
and would repel a ball from a revolver or a cut from a saber,
530. Tlawddqvas: the Pan-Hellenes (of. Tlavayauw 404), only here,
This unites under one name the pooples of northern Greece, as "Axaiots
is used of the peoples of Peloponnesns and the adjacent islands. Of
SECOND BOOK OF THE ILIAD 89
nab “EAABx xal pérov “Apyos a SA4 Chrough Hellas and the midst of Argos, wa
including all Grecee. C/. ‘ from Dan even to Beersheba,” Judges xx. 1, «from
John O'Groat's to Land's End." ‘S31, of: refarn to Aoxpiaw S27,
535. Aoxpav: for its position at the beginning of the verse, see on
otRopdvy A 2.—Uphe: as A306, The cult of Apollo and Artemis was
especially prominent in Euboea, 536-545, Tie Enboenns.
536. Tho second half-verso is in apposition with the first, —pivea
senlovees: breathing courage, i.e. inspired with courage and fury. —piwa:
plural becauso of the number of men; cf Shakespere’s ‘Wherein hath
Cavsar thus deserved your loves,’ Julius Caesar iii, 2.241. Cf, 688. —
“Aflarres: pre-Hellenic Thracians who from the Phocian town Abae migrated
to Eubooa and gave to the island it9 earlior name,
537, Xadklba: the chief town of Enboes, on the strait of Euripus at
its very narrowest part. It is separated from Boeotia by a channel so
narrow that the rocks have been blasted away in order to open a passage
for steamers of ordinary size. In the early times of Greek history,
Chaleis exhausted its own strength by sending ont colonies, — founding
the first Greek settlement in the West (Cumae in Campania), and the first
In Sicily (Naxos, about 735 .c.), and sending so many colonies to the
southern shore of Thrace us to give its name to the great promontory of
Chaleidiow, — Elperplay: the later Exetria, ‘The short quantity of ¢ befare rp
is unusual in Homer. § 50 q.—"Tovtosev: trinyllabio by ‘synizesia,’ § 25a.
540. Sfor“Apmoe: scion of Ares, denoting bravery ; only metaphorical in
Homer, Cf; Oepdrorres "Apyos 110,
542. Giber xopéoveer: wow on 11.— Mark the now thoughts added in
this sentence by Uke adjectives without conjunctions.
544. This vere is composed apparently of six spondeca, § 57 dl, —
Sql: construe with eryOarew. «is here pronounced ns y.
546-558, The Athenians and Salaminians. 546, "Adjves: tho city here
rwprimwnts Attica, ‘The promontory of Sunium and Marathon are men-
tioned in the Odysey,—In the line of battle, the Athenians had the
Pylians on their left and the Cephallenians on their right. ‘They ware not
prominent in tho conflicts. —éver(peor: of. * Where on the Aegean shore
fs city stands | Builé nobly, pure the air, and light the soil; | Athens, the
aye of Greece, mother of arta | And eloquence,” Milton Par, Regained
iv. 288 ff
GAB, rine $i xrAe1 parenthetical claurc, Erechthous is called spree
by Herodotus and otters. The Athenians hoasted that they were eliidren
of the soil (abréxOoves).
90 COMMENTARY TO THE
549. x65: construe with doe. Cf. dvi doe A 910 f.—wlon: with
referouce to the votive offerings and other treasures stored there, — yng:
recent excavations show that before tho Versian invasion the temple of
‘Athena on the Acropolis stood to the north of the Parthenon (dedicated
at the great Panathenaio festival 488 n.c.), with foundations oxtonding
under the Hall of the Caryatides of the Erechthenm (completed about
407 n0.). Columas and other architectural imgmenta of the proPersian
tnple of Athena were built into the wall of the Acropolis
550. piv: dc, Erechiheus, who was worshiped with Athena, since the
two were considered the founders of tho civilization of the country.
551. mpindAopdvwy: see on 205. — This then was an annual festival,
CORRIDOR OF THE CITADEL OF TIRYNS
552. Tendo: the family of Petoos claimed descont from Erechthens,
553 f. +96" of mw xrA.: according to Horodotus, an ambamador of the
Athenians in the time of the second Persian War referred to theao vorsoa
with pride before Gelo, tyrant of Syracuse. But the Jdiad dora not else
where mention or show this skill of Menesthews.
554. xoophoas [rdgal, § 17]: the infinitive ie ted here as an ncousn.
tive of specification.—trwovs: fc. men on chariots, horses, and all that
went with them,
SECOND BOOK OF THE ILIAD 1
557. Alag: i.e. the sonof ‘Telnmon, —XaAapives Salamis forms w aort
of stepping-stone in the enumeration, as the poeb passes from central
Greece to Peloponnesns, ‘Telamon had removed to Salamis from Aegina
(the home of his father Avacus), becwuse he had killed bis brother.
858, yur: for the participle, ef: duduemorres 525. Ajax here is brought
into such close connection with Athens that he appears as a national hero
of Attica, This waa in accord with the later Athenian tradition. One of
the ten tribes (gudai) of Attica was named Alavrig, after him,
559-624. Peloponnesus. 559-568. Argor.
559. Apyor: the city, not the country. — raxwdbeear: well walled ; Iiter-
ally, rich in walls, since Tiryns wax famous for its walls, — the best known
and perhaps the oldest extant example of the so-called Cyclopean architec:
ture, These walls am thought to have been fifty or sixty feet in height,
and in places are twenty or twenty-five feet thick. Tn the time of Anto-
ninus Pius they were declsred to be a great a wonder ox the Egyptian
Pyramids. Excavations wore conducted thore by Dr. Sehliemann in 1884—
85, laying bare the plan of an extensive and elaborate structure.
560. ard xoGeae: which occupy.
561. Tpatgva: famous for the worship ot Poseidon und ns the early
home of Theseus. —dpmdéera: for the form, ¢/: woojevra 503, —"EwtBave
pov: famed for its temple of Asclepius, ‘The theater (built under the
direction of Polycletus, with seats and orchestra still well preserved) and
other rains there were excavated during 1881 and the following years.
562. Afyway: this island in very early timex was conquered by Epi-
dourus,—Jn the eighth century mc, it was rled by Pheldon of Anges
— Kotpor “Axaudv: (liffers only slightly from ules ‘Axaimy 257.
563. Avouhins: Diomed belonged to the old race of rulers in Pelopon
news (the race of Danaus and Perseus) who preceded Pelops and his lino,
566, Myaertes: brother of Adrastus, und thus greatuncle of Diomed,
—vlés: for the short penult, of: 544, A489. 569-580. A gamemnon's realm,
569. Muxévas: the residence of Agamemnon, whose realm ny in
northern Peloponnesus (the Inter Achaea), extending to Elis, Above
tho gato of the citadel remains the sculptured representation of two lions,
probably the earliest extant speckmen of Greek sculptur on Greek soil,
Near the citadel are great subterranean structures, tombe, of which the finest
and largest is the so-called ‘treasure hous of Atrwus’ Mycense (the
singular form also is used; see § 87 @) is called by Homer edpudyna and
woArxoveos. ‘The latter epithet wns shown to be justified by the disoow
eries in the excavations by Dr, Schliemann in 1876-77. See § 8 4,
92 COMMENTARY TO TIE
570. Sdvdv Képwdoy; Corinth was made wealthy in early times by
ite trade, lying ax it did between two sas, ‘The old name was Ephyra,
and the poet does not put the name CoriniA into the mouth af his actors.
572, “ABpneres: king of Argos, grandfather of Diomed. He was
driven out of Argos by Amphiarans, und fled to Sicyon, to his mother's
father, whom he succeeded on the throne, He was the leader of the
«Seven against Thebes’ and the only one of the seven who returned home
alive. — wpéra: af jirst, with reference to bis return to Argos.
874. Waddgeqy: in Achaea, about six miles from the sew. —Alyey:
later the capital af the twelve Achnenn cities. Near it was a sunctunty of
Zous Ouayspios, where Agamemnon was said to have planned the expedi-
tion against Troy, with the most honored of the Greeks,
$75. dvi: of: dva Biya A 670. —ebpetav: aw frequent epithet of a
country (an of Crete and tho Troad); rarely applied ns here to a city:
: fe. the inhabitants of the cities mentioned just
depends upon tiv, the ships of these, thelr ships. Ofte
509, 685, while in 587, 610, 713, 719, veiw is in apposition with ror.
577. wohd hetero: since the kingdom of Agamemnon was most
extensive. Thus he had the lorgest force of ships himself, and could
Deside these lend sixty ships to the Arcadians (610-614), His rule ‘over
many islands,” implying naval power, is mentioned in 108,
S7B. lv Bs but among them; of. 588, A 142. —yodndvr off 417.
580. ofwa: becouse, referring to cvéidov.—Qpurroy: ac, in kingly
dignity and power, as in shown by the noxt verse. Sco on A 01,
581-590, Tie realm of Menelaur,
581. xyniervav: the sharply cub ravines of the mountains are one of
the moot striking characteristics of the Spartan landscape,
584. ‘Apdnhas: this was one of the most important Laconlan cities
before the Dorian conquest, and long maintained its independence, by tho
side of Sparta.—Eos: 4 city on the coast, from which the name helot
was said to be derived, since its inhabitants were enslaved by the Spartans,
585. Adaw: for the mame, of. * Stoneham,’ ‘ Stonington.”
586. ol: for him, his,
507. vedv; in apposition with rav. Soo.
troops of Agamemnon, ‘This marks the pol
Taus, é-
SSBB, dy Be: ns OTS. —mpoBvalyer merowée: for the antepenalt of mpobe
pigs see £50 b, The plural ts used because of the many occasions om
which his eal had prompted him to act. Cf, pévex 536,
5. — drape: ac, from the
1 independence of Mane
-
SECOND BOOK OF THE ILIAD 98
590 = 350. 591-602. The jurces of Nestor.
592. Titov: Messenian Pylus, on a harbor that is well protected by
the island Sphacteria, During the Peloponnesian War (426 n.c.) tho
Athenians established themselves here and held the position for fifteen
years. In this harbor (then called Navarino), Oct. 20, 1827, the Turkish
fleet was nearly annihilated, and the Greek war for independence waa
virtually decided. —The realm of Nestor was founded by his father Neleus
(son of Poseidon), who had been driven from Ioloos in Thessaly by his
brother Pelias (¢/: T5).
592. wépev: ford’; in apporition with Opto, Cf. devs 500,
594. potera: for the plural, of: 454.
595. rv @pfuca: that Thracian, For the use of the article, ofA 11.
The Thracian bards, Orpheus, Mussous, Eumolpus, etc, who wero called
the fathers of Greek poetry, did not live in historic Thrace but in Pierin,
in southern Macedonia, on the east slope of Olympus, ‘Thence the wor
ship of the Muses was brought to Helicon and Parnassus. —Thamyris te
here thought of as wandering after the manner of the later bards (dobol)
and visiting the courts of the princes,
997. edxéuevor: for the participle of manner, see an hiv A 188.—« exp
iv: even granted that, supposing that. Hero alone is dy found, instead of
rly, with af und the optative; ef: A 00; nee § 18d 8. The form in direct
discourse would be vexjrage dy, ff mep dy abral potous de(Souey.
598. Koipas ard. > of, $01 £.
599. wmpév: maimed, here probably mute (c/- 695), though a later tradle
tion represented him as blind.—abrip xrA.: this states the result of thelr
action, although elsewhere adrdp is used to introduce something new.
600. indidador (vc. julr); reduplicated acriat (§ 43 ¢), used transitively;
only herw construed like a verb of depriving, with two aocusatives,
603-614. The Arcadians, The Arcadians are not mentioned as taking
part in any of the conflicts before Troy. They may be thought of aa
closely connected with (or included among) the forces of Agamemnon,
GOI. kor: cf; “Odrjumux Boyar” Exovres A 18.— db Spee: up under the
mountain,
G04, Alwimoy: of Acpytus. For the use of the adjective, of: Nydxty 20.
Acpytus, son of Elatus, was an old Arcadian horo whose descendants
reigned long in Arcadia, His mound, which in the time of the early
Roman emperors still rested on its circle of stones, reminds scholars of the
German graves of the Huns. —ta (where): se. deiv, For the omission of
the copula in w relative clause, of: A SAT,
4 COMMENTARY TO THE
605. "Opxopersv: to be distinguished from Minyan Orohomenns (911).
608, Eriybndov: famous for its lake (which has o subterrancan chan
nel that comes to the surface and émpties into the son near Argos) aud
for the labor of TMeracles in killing the birds here,
610 1. & ml wrd.: of: 500,
614. Oardeora Kpya: cf raAguju Zoya 388.— Arcadia, alone of the
countries of Peloponnesus, touched the sea at no point. Cf praetor
Achacorum [Philopoemen] ...rudis in re navali erat, Areas,
mediterrancus homo Livy xxxv, 26,
615-624, The 615. Bovpéowv: the ‘whole und yart*
are often thus nited ; cf 632, Peter and the Apostles,’ Acts y, 20.
616, deoor ts i. if Jovey, Construc with ris Upya, incloses,
bounifs; Literally, to as far, ie.ax far as. Cf. 012.
620, hynedctqv: aorint, as O78, 864, 807, 870. Cf. Fpxe was leader.
621, 5 wiv: i.e, Amphimachus,— Edpbrov: not to be confounded
with Eurytus of 590.—"Acroptuw: here of the granilsons of Actor. Soe
$90.
624. Avynésao: Augoas was the king of Elie whoe stables have
become proverbial. See on 660.
625-644. Tho Western Inlands and Actolia. 625-630, Dutichiume
625, of : sc. Jony-— The port places Dullehivm and the other Eehin~
ades (which lie off the mouth of the Achelods) far to the south of their
real position, off the coast of Elis, — Updo: the position of the adjective
indicates that it is construed with "Eywdwx, with which jouw is ka
apposition.
626. wipny Adée: ir. sopnrated from Elis by the sea,
629, os: ie. Phyleus.—awarpl: ie. King Augeas,
631-637. The forces of Odysseus,
631. Kepaddtvas: the oo
632. pA: namely, fo
sition with KepadAjros. —"Tedeqy xat Neperev: ane on Boumpdowy 615.—
stvoriguddov: literally, feafwhaking, as if the mountain caused what it
suffered.
635. §rapor: refers to Leucadia and Acarnania, which were conquered
by Laortos.—avrvejpua: nouter adjective as substantive, Zhe opposite
coast in Elis, where tho Ithacans had herds Odysseus himself lind on the
mainland twelve herds of cattle, as many flocks of eheep and of goats, and
as many droves of swine,
636, Aiard.: Odysseus is frequently called roAijayris and rodyepyavon
SECOND BOOK OF THE ILIAD 95
637, Svétou: 8 small number in comparison with the forty ships of
Dulichium (630) or the eighty ships of Diomed (568). Whe same number
of Odysseus’ ships {s montionod in the Odyatey. Sen § 8 d.— pudromipyoc:
red-cheeked. ‘Their bows (checks) were painted with vermilion, On the
other hand, of 170, and 4 48%, where the ship of Odysxous is called
varémpypos, darkprowed.—The forces of Odysseus are the fifteenth in
the enumeration of the twouty-nine contingents. Corresponding to this
position, these ships are aaid to be at the middle of the tine.
638-644" The Aciolians.
640. KedvSéva: on a shoulder of Mt. Aracynthus. It was famod for
the Calydonian Hunt of the boar that was killed at last by Meleager.
641, yap: introduces tho explanation why Thoas was in command, and
not Oeneus oF one of his sons, Tydens or Melenger. —iwav: were Living.
642. abréy: i.e, Ooncus.—gurdiy: of A 197,—MeMaypos: the most
distinguished of the sons of Ocneus,
643. 9: i.e, Thonn, —érl: coustrue with éréruAro, — wire : everything,
explained by druroiuey in apposition with it; ie. the whole command. —
Alradowaw : dative of interest ; of. A 180, 281.
645-652, The Cretans, 645. Kpnriv: this includes all the mixed
population of the extensive island. —Tiho cities here mentioned all lay
in the interior of the island, at the foot of Mt. Ida,
646. Krerér: the principal city of the island. Excarations on its
site in the spring of 1900 bronght to light the rning of an extensive ancient
palace (probably destroyed somewhat lefore Troy), and other remains of
an carly Greek civilization. —Téprwa: tho Crvtan city naxt to Cnosus in
importance. Herein 1864 was discovered « long inscription (probably af
the fifth century 1.0.) containing an elaborate code of laws. — raxséereav:
of. 559.
G47. Mdrov: thin city gave colonists and name to the Tonian Miletus,
—épywéera: crotoaum, chalky, a8 656. ‘The town lay ot chalk oliffs,
648. Pauoriy: southwest of Gortyna; birthplace of the poet and
prophet Epimeniides, ‘There half of the ships of Menelaus wore wrecked.
649. BXAo: maile prominent before the relative clause. — dearépwodw >
a round number; cf 40. Cf centum urbes habitant magnas,
uberrima regna Verg. Aen. iii, 106.
650. Goa: recurs to O45, 653-670, The Rhodians.
653. ibe ve plyas ve: two cosential qualities of a heros of. péyas S16.
655. id: construe with aapnbévree, divided in three parts. “The Rho-
dians dwelt according to tribes (saraduladjy 668) in their threo cities,
96 COMMENTARY TO THE
Pindar tells in grenter detail the story of the nettlement of the island, and
alls 5b zpcros visros.
656. AivSov: fained for ite worship of Athona and Heraoles. From
this name came that of Lincoln (Lindi colonia).
658. This episode is intended for the glorification of the Rhodians,
659. "Edipye: tho sent of King Augens (af. 624).
660, wipras: sc, when ho made his expedition against Augons to
avenge the wrong done in refusing the reward for cleanving the stables,
661. tpdde: intransitive, grew up. Constrae with dred, when he Aad
grown up.—tA peydpy! it. in his father’s houso at ‘Tiryna. — Wt: for the
length of the final « before the following p, see § 69 h.
662, airika: refers to the preceding dra «rk. — oQov: evidently only
as a standing epithet here, —pirpea: brother of Alemena, son of Alec
tryon.—kardera: ‘in a burst of anger,” says Pindar; by accident, accord=
ing to another tradition,
663. stov"Apnoe= cf. 510.
664, 5 ye: for its position in the second member of tho sentence, of
Tr 409,
665. Ph dedyww: set out in flight; of. T1, A 391. ‘The participle
indicates the manner of his going,— ar a fugitive, since he feared the ven-
geance of the relatives, +A life for a life’ was the old Groak law; bat
somptimes a fine was paid. Plight from the country was frequent, ax in
the case of ‘Lydeus, and of Patroclus (ss on A307).
667. ds Pébor tfev: this isan anachronism. Even the Dorian migration
into Peloponnesus, aeeording to the ancients, followed the fall of Troy by
eighty years. — Gye méoxuv: with sorrow, Conatrun with dAdpavos,
668. tpex0d: of. rplyu 656, —navedvdabdr: equivalent to card boku
382, See on 655, 669, be Arde: of, 33,
670, nal ofw «ri: on Independent sentence Mustrating piAnbe,—
rarixeve = poured down upon them. ‘This indicates the abundance of thelr
wealth, ‘This expression seems to have given rise to the later myth that
Zous literally rained gold upon the island,
671-675. The forces of Nireus. Tho smallost contingent of all.
671. Nipriz: mentioned only here in Homer, He is celebrated as a
pattern of beauty. Lucian invente a dialogue betwpon him and Theraites.
_ For the repetition of hia name (‘epanalapsis"), of 838, 850, 871, § 163,
—Zipnfey: o small island, off the Carian coast, north of Rhodes, A Dorian
colony, like the islands of 676 ff.
672, The names of Nireus' parents are significant,
SECOND BOOK OF THE ILIAD oT
673. xédduros: predicate, Of. 216. G74. dwn: of. A 50S. »
675. amabvée: tho opposite of xparepds.
676-680, The Sporades, 676, Kpématov: Képradoy. See § 31, Care
pathus is an island between Rhodes and Crete which gave ite name to the
Carpathian Sen,
677. Kav: elsewhere Kéus in Homer. An island off Cnidus and
Halicarnassus, — Eipuwédoo: king of Cos. He was slain by Heracles on
the latter's return from Troy. His daughter Chaleiope bore to Heracles &
ton ‘Thessalus (679). KeAs8veg: snall islands near Cos,
678. duiuenes, “Avnupor = not mentioned elsewhere in the lad.
680 = 516,
681-694, The forces of Achilles, 6BL, vive: tut now; a transition
to the forces of northern (Thessalian) Greece, ‘This verss forms « general
prelude and announcement for what follows. — reds dpé hovers bafore
the mind; of: 498.—7é: demonstrative, that. —Tlaweyueby “Apyor: Le.
‘Thessaly, See on A 80, ‘Thoswaly is represented as being more important
in Homerio than it was in historical times.
683. 4iqv: home of Peleus and Achilles (of: A 109), in the valley of
the Sperchota,
685. vav: of. 576.—werqcovra: Achilles arranged his men in five
divisions with five commanders. Each of his ships was manned by fifty
mon, who (like the rest) on their arrival at ‘Troy served ax soldiors.
686, modiuow Svenxios: cf. fremituque sequantur | horrisono
Vorg. den. ix. 544,
687. ob yap KrA.: for there was no one, ele, —iyfwaro: potential opta-
tive without dy. § 16 5,
688. dy vine: i.e. in the camp. See on A 19.
689. “xodpys: causal genitive; ¢/ A 65, —BowrqiBos: of. A 184, 348,
690. dddero: f.¢, rocalved as his yépas &aiperov. Seo on A 124,
692, Avpryrwsy: Brinnls talla af its capture and destruction (290 ff.).
See on A125,
692, 4A5 8 Padev: a change to the finite construction, after the parti-
elple BaxopAijoas. Cf. T 80; ses § 11 f.—Moryra: king of Lyrnessum
and (according to tho later atory) husband of Brisols.
694, réxe: Achilles is reconciled with Agamemnon, goes forth to
battle, and kills Hector, on the twonty-rrenth day of the action of the
Iliad, five days after tho events narrated in this Second Rook. S06 § 6 r, 4.
695-720. The forces of Protesilaus. 695. Téparov: named from the
wheat (mipés) which abounded kn the region. —és@ypéerra: ef, 603,
98 COMMENTARY TO THE
= 696. Afpnrpes répavos: consecrated field of Demeter; in apporition
with Tiepacoy, of: 500, 892. ‘This afterwards gave to Pyrasns the name
Anpijrpiov. —puripa whdwr: Mt, Ida is called papryp Onpay © 47.
697. dyx(adov: this epithet would fit tho other citivs also.
698. Hpenotaos: Protesilaus was the first to fall in the war, The
name is significant; ¢f 702. High honors wore paid to his at Blaous
in the Thracian Chersonese down to the tims of the Persian wars. His ship
was the center of the fiercest conflict when Hector forced his way to the ships
of the Grocks, and it was half consumed by fire bofore Patroclus appeared
with the Myrmidons and rvpulsed the Trojaus,
699. ixer nda Krd.: held down, covered. Cf. P 243, Protesilaus was
in the rmalm and power of the dark earth.
700. dudsBpubfp: women tore their faces in grief, —dPvAdxp: local.
FOL. smudge: he left home for the war before he could complote his
house; he had kardly begun life for himself when be wns killed, —
AdpSavor dvfip: a Dardanian warrior. According to the later amplified
fori of the story, this waa Hector; but Homer does not call any Trojan
Adpéazos, though the Dardanians were included among the Tpdes.
703. ob6% piv ob6t xrA.: a8 726. ‘Cho ropotition of the nogative gives
it great weight. The first negative belongs to the whole suntenos, the
second is to be construed closely with of, neque vero ne hi quidem,
—itesy ye ply [yr]: literally, hey missed him indeed, equivalent to val
ap dpxiv. The word before ye piv i» made prominent and
always forms an ‘adversative asyndeton” (soe § 15 6). ‘The English idiom
introduces such a clause by yet, bu. —dpxév: ie. their former Ieadwe,
704. efige: monosyllabic. § 25. —ToS4peqs: londor of the Phthinns.
705. Maraxiboo: with 9, but DiAdky 700; of. MWpingléye S17 with Mpa
pov T 146; sce § 50 «. 707. npdrepos: cf. mpoyerderepos 685,
708 {. Ouly another form of 703.—o08E w: but in nothing.
TUL-715. The kingddm of Eumelus, 722 £. depis, BotPqr xrh.z citien
on the peninsula of Magnosin and in the southeastern part of Polaagiotia,
712. “owdxdv: famed nx the chief seat of the Thessallan Minyne (see
on 611), the capital of King Pelias, and the native city of Jason, the
leader of the Argonautie Expedition,
714. bw "Abutpry: construe with réxe, cf. 726, 742, 820.—For the
repetition of the name, ¢f, 656, 655, 601.
716-728. The forces of Philoctetes
718, rdv &: antecedent of & 3€ 710, When the relative clause
precedes, the spodosis often has 8é, a here, — wégew # «lag: a8 720
SECOND BOOK OF THE ILIAD 99
and frequently, the participle of ofB, am skilled in, is followed by the
genitive,
719. dpfrax: the warriors wero the onramen.
720. ipPiParav: hud embarked; cf. 361, 609. The preposition is
repeated from éy dxiorry. — The pdxeeBaa: 20 ax 0 (10 thot dey could) fight,
ate, ; infinitive of result. €f. A 8,
722. Afury: the Achacans landed at Lemnos on their voyage to Troy
and received hospitality from King Euneds. They sont slaves thither
for sale, and received wine thence. —'The repetition of the preposition
gives to & Axjuvy some independence from gv vijrq.
723. ddosdpovos Wpov: consirin with Dxci, ablatival genitive; frum the
eruel water snake, See on 396. The wound not only disabled Philoctetes
but rendered his presence odious to his comrades,
724. rixa 8 aTA.: the Catalogue contains several such references to
vente which do not fall within the time of the action of the Jia; of
890 ff., 699 M.—A prophet declared that Troy could be taken only with
the help of the arrows of Heracles which Philoctetes had in his possession.
According to Sophocles in his tragedy Philocteter, the hero was brought
from Lemnos to Troy by Odysseus and Neoptolemus (son of Achilles).
No other allusion to this story is found in the Homeric poems, Philoctetes
renched home in safety nt the close of the war.
725. "Apystor wapd yquet: parenthetical, ina kind of apposition with
the subject of guadAov. —Pdoxrirao: construe with punprer@as.
726 =703. 727. "Osdtos: father of the lesser Ajax (597).
728, $4: points back to the preceding verse. Cy. 650, 742.
729-733. Forces of the Aselepinds.
729. Tplexny «tA: cities in western Thessaly, in Hestinootis, At
‘Triccs was one of the oldest sanctuaries of A my and the home of
the king. — ehepoxderear: Ithome lay on the steep slopes of Mt, Pindus,
TB. "AcxAnnied: better written nu "AerAymiso. See on 518,
734-737. Forcesof Rurypylus, 735. deved xbpqva: gleaming heights ;
literally, white heads; of. 739. Cf. 117.
738-747. The forces of Polypoetes.
738 {, “Apyevay xrh.: cities of the Lapithae (see on A 208), in the
weatern part of what was Perrhacbia in later times.
739. ‘Odoorwsva: the most important clty in Perrhachin. — wékw
Many: re. because of its chalk cliffs, Of 617,
42. waves: an ferminino. Cf. 77~ 743, Guan rh Bee of, B51,
745, oie olos: construe with jpyeudvere TLO.— Spe 79 ye ark: no
A
100. COMMENTARY TO THE
conjunction connects this with ob« olo;, since it ja in a kind of apposition
with it (3 15 2), expressing more fully the thought of the first words of
the verse (see on of\Aopérqv A 2).
746, tmeptiyow : in n laudatory sense. —Kawwtbas : ¢f. A 264.
748-755. Acnianians and Perrhachians, 750. olnt’ Werro : built their homes.
751, Sysl: on the banks of. —Spya: tilled felis,
753. Apyupobivy: because of the white wayes and eddies of the turbid
Pendis, where the cloar Titaresius empties its stream into it, The swift
current makes it possible to distinguish for a time tke waters of the two
streams,
754, @X4 ve: of A 82,— Ar Dovev: rafers to the water of the one
stream flowing above the other.
755. Spxov Saved: explained by its appositive Srryds. — This introduces
a mythical explanation that gives a miraculous quality to the water.—
Ervyés: limits aros,—dwoppdt: branch of the water of the Styx, as the
Cocytus also was said to be, ‘This mysterious connection with the Styx
(a stream with a high fall, in Aroadia) 9 was imagined probably because of
its violent current,
756-759. The Magnesians,
75. TIpitoos Yoés: the poot puns upon the mame. § 18 &
760-785. Conclusion of the Catalogue of the Achacan forces.
760. Cf. AST.
7GL. xlsx Bpa: of. A 8.— 8X Epurres: of: A 60, —trveme: of. 484,
762. abraw eth, : of. 406. — Ape Frovre: of: A 158.
763. weya: adverl; see on A 78.—npnriteo: Admetus. Of. 713 ff
Qr this name may be given to Pheres’ grandson Eumelus ; see on 691. In
the funeral games in honor of Patroclus, these mares of Eumelus would
have won the race but for an aceldent.— This statomont ia sabject to
qualification below, ddip" "AxiAcie pujveev 769, 764-767 being parenthetical.
76%. "Biyndos: cf. TLL. —wobbneag: this and the following epithets are
attracted to the construction of the relative clause.—épmdag: for the
length of the last syllable, see on auxdy dy 190.
76S, ovapihy dear: like to @ plumb line, “itraight 98 an arrow, —
bei voror: over the back (cf: 808), i.e. of the same height.
766. tv IIqpelig: probably the region of Pherae, where Apollo served
Admotus as herdsman, Angry at the death of Asclepius, Apollo had
killed the Cyclopes of Zeus and as a punishment was sent to serve a
mortal, Soe Euripides’ Alcewia, init. Apollo rotainod his interost in
these mares.
SECOND BOOK OF THE ILIAD 101
767. $6Bov xrh-: the flight of Aree attonds thom, For the ablatival
gnuitive, see on 300,
768, ab: marks tho contrast with Tmo pay 763; cf. are A 297.
70. two: these were immortal steeds, sind by Zephyrs and given
by Poseidon to Peleus. — dopierxor; drew. The Homeric herves did not
ride on horseback. ‘Thus Trmo often standa for horses und chariete. Cf,
504.
772. b piv: contrasted with Trma 775, aa is shown by 700 f.—ty
774, alyarigew: dative of means with tyres.
775, wap! Spuacw: ic. whoro they had boon tied when released from
the yoke; in contrast with dg" doyacs, where the horses ane under the yoke
before the chariot, — terres: appositive, as A 606.
776. The Homeric horses were fed on Aurév (elorer), eédwow (a kind
of parsley), xérapoy (a fragrant marsh plant), and on pt Aexdy (white
dartey), mpos (wheat), and SAvpas or Leuat (vpelt ).
777, eh wemmospiva: i6. away from the dust,—xttro: stood. — dvéne
rev: of the masters (construe with dpyana), ie. Achilles and his ligu-
tonants (see on 686). The Aaof did not fight ap' Frew.
778, of Bl: Le. the Aaof and druxres. —-nebiorres: of. T03,
70, Heturn to the narrative which was interrupted by the Catslogue
(484). But while, at 476, the leaders are busy in arranging their troops,
here they are represented as alrendy moving forward for the attack. — ot
84: é4, the Achneans.— de at wv etd: as if the earth were devoured (titor-
ally, pastured off) by fire. The optative is used to expross a mero concep-
tion of the mind. ‘The comparison relates to the gleam of the armor and
weapons ; of. 455 ff.
781, “The corth trembled as from an earthquake.” — Adder sc, orem
xia, groaned as it groans ainder Zeus, under the power of Zeus. ined eerert
784 corresponds to this, — Aut: for the length of the ultima, «f. dondus
764, and Ad 636,
782. xwoulry: “in his wrath.” An instance of the exhibition of this
auger follows, —tre re: with hypothetical subjunctive, —dygt Topwde: a
mighty giant, symbol of voleanio power. He opposed Zens, but was over-
come by the thunderbolt, and was buried under a mountain, From thin
ho belches forth fire, When he attempts to rise, ho canses earthquakes ;
then Zeus smites with his lightning the earth clout Typhoeus, ive. the
earth which covers him. Pindar, in his firet Pythian ode, repreeents
the monster as lying under Mt. Etna, and extending to Mt. Vesuvius. —
il _
102 COMMENTARY TO THE
Gf. (Tn bulk as huge | As whom the fables nama of monstrous size, |
Briareos [A 403] or Typhon, whom the den | By ancient ‘Tarsus held
Milton Par. Loot i. 106 if,
783. «lv Apiyous: in the land of the Arimi, in Cilicia. ‘This belongs to
the so-called ‘earthquake belt,’ CY durumque cubile | Inorime
Tovis imporiia imposta Typhoeo Vorg. Aen. ix. 715 4.
704. Cf. scuta sonsut pulsuque pedum conterrita tellus
Verg. Aen. vii, 722.
785. wiiow : on the plain; local genitive; ¢f- 801. Only the archale
form in -ow is 80 used in Homer, Tho accusative ix used with no oasential
difference of moaning; cf: A 483.
786. noBiympos: Iris is deAAdmos siorm-footed @ 409. Cf. Tennyson's
‘light-foot Iris.’ —dwla [4xeix]: for the inflection, soo § 38 b.
787, wap Aude: construe with FAde.
788, dyopds dydpevov: were holding an asmembly; cf méAenov wodeullan
T 435, — tw Tpsdpovo Wipgow: at the gates of Priam, ie, before the palans,
where by oriental custom the king sat in judgment. Cf. Judges and
officura shalt thou make theo in all thy gates,’ Deut. xvi. 18.
789, waves: i.e. ail the nobles. It is limited by the ciroumstances of
the case. — No spacial Bowls} (cf: 5:3) of the “Trojans is mentioned.
790. npoedpy : se. pulv (referring to Prinm), ae 172. Cf. 705.
791. goyyfv: at first only the similarity of voice receives prominence,
in close connection of thought with mpoodpy. But here, as in the othor
cases, a transformation of the whole person is to be assumed; hence
Zuoapsvy 795 without the addition of pOvyyjv. The contents of the
speech, however, cause Hector to recognize th goddoss (807).
792, woBumlger «rh. : equivalent to roi xpacrvoiee merodiis, For the
plural, cf. mpoPupigas 683,
793. ripBy ard. : on the top of the mound.
794. Blywevos orire; exspootans dum, generally followed by the
aorist optative, —vaspwv: ablatival genitive with dpopanOder, —This serv
ioe was to he expected rather at the beginning of the war. Cf 302 %
795. r wuv durapivn wv: ie. Priam, Construo with xpoo~
gm, — This verse repeats the sum of 790 f., becanse of the interposed
clauses.
796. all rors of. A 107, 177, SE1.— Oo: prodicate. Cf. A 107-—
Baperor: cf. 245, — Iris blames Pviam's untimely unconcer
797. wod«pos 8 xrA.: contrast (paratactio; § 21 dy
time of peace, —@dlawros: cf. 420.
th de” eden in
SECOND BOOK OF THE ILIAD 108
798, 8: equivalent to fy, —wodAd: cognate accusative with dajArdov.
It does not differ greatly from noAAdxus. 799. Cf. 120.
B00. douwdrne) re. in nm Cf. 468. — Cf. +1 will multiply thy
seed as the stars of the heaven, and as the sand which ix opon the sea
shore,” Genesis xxii, 17.—4: in a comparison where the poot leavos the
choice open. BOL. mporl Gru: construe with fpyovras.
802. “Exrop: Iris turna to address Heotor as the commanderin-chief,
on whom above all others depends the weal of the state. — 8: for the
onder of words, ¢f. A 282, —d8¢ ye: construe with pilus, Itrefers to what
follows.
803. TodAol xr). : uxplanatory preparation for 805, For the thought,
of. 130 £,
905. roiew: to these; antecedent of the following relative. No con-
junction is used to connect this with what has preceded, since thin is in a
kind of apposition with &8é ye du. Fer the dative, of Tpwot 810.
Each ia to give orders to his countrymen, as usual, ‘This indicates the
separation into tribes (accomplished in 815) corresponding to that of the
Grooks in 362 1.
806, wav 6' Utnylete: and let him lead these forth se. from the city to
the fivld of battle, —wohifrag: the men of hie «il
intended vspecially for the great number of Tre .
807. of rv xrk.t by no means failed to recognize (i.2. he recognized clearly)
the speech of the goddess; hoe recognized the goddess herself, For the
“litotes,’ see on A 220,
BOB. dni redxea: fo fetch their arms. Cf, Attic pera revyen.
809. wéeai aidar: the whole gate,—i.e. the gate was opened wide, —the
Seaean or Dardanian gnte, leading from the city to the plain. Homer
does not mention any other gates af the city.
811. ton Hi vs; & favorite epic beginning of a description; cf urbs
antiqua fuit Vers. Aen. —wédion: dixyllabio by ‘aynizesis.’ Tho
ultima is long before the cnesural pause.
812, dwivede: aside; ac. from the principsl rond.— weplSpoper: i.e.
free lying, lying in an opan place. —iv@a xp: soo on 397.
B14. dddvaro «rA.; for the language of the gods, see on A 403,—~
efpa! such n tomb ax that of 604. —wokwreépOpove: agile; ve. in battle,
BIS, Suupter: of, 809, 475 f.
016-877, The Trojane and their allies, The force opposed to the
Achacans is composed of sixteon contingents: I. five contingents from
‘Trojan peoples (816-839), and II. eleven contingents of allies (érixoupou
104 COMMENTARY TO THE
840-877). Of the allies, three divisions come from Europe, and eight
from Asia, 1, ‘Trojans from (@) Bios, (6) Dardania, under command
of Aencas, (c) Zelea, under Pundarus, (d’)- Adrastea, (¢) Percote, ete,
IL. Allies (from Europe), (a) Thracians, under Rhesus, (6) Ciconians,
(e) Paeonians; (irom Asia), (a) Pelasgians, (0) Papblagonians, under
Pylaomonos, (c) Halizontans, (¢) Mysians, (e) Phrygians, (/)) Maconians,
(9) Carians, (A) Lycians, under Sarpedon and Glancus, See on + ff.
The Catalogue of the Trojans is far less exect, detailed, and symmot-
rieal than that of the Achaeans; it contains no dofinite statements of
‘The total number of Trojans and allies was 50,000, according
4.: /A thousand fires were kindled on the plain, and by each sat
Of these about 10,000 wer Trojans, if 123-130 are to be
interpreted literally.
816-839. The Trojans. 816. Tpwet: in the narrower sense, the
inhabitants of the city “TAws.—péyas: of stature, The Grecks were
prone to believe that no man could be physically small while mentally
great. Cf, 655, —sopweatodog: a mark of martial activity ; oft cristam
adyerso curru quatit aura yolantem Verg. Aen. xii. 370,
BLT, whateros xr. ine. as tho flower of the whole army,
B18. pepaores = striving forward with the lance, eager for the fray.
819, Aapfariev: the nme is preserved in the modern Dardanclles,!—
aire: correlative with adv 816 ; of. 768.—"Ayglrae: Anchises is nowhere
referred to by Homer as alive at the time of this war,
820, ‘Agpobien: for the short first syllable, see § 50g a.
G21. by xrqpotos: i.e. where Anchives had charge of the herds and
herdsmen, It was one of the patriarchal customs of thoes times that
kings and kings’ sons tended their flocks on the slopes of the mountains,
— ted Bros; note the ‘antithesis,’ 822. dpa rd ye: of. 746,
823, payne wdege: every kind of battle, —on foot or in the chariot, with
lance or sword, For the geni £718.
824, 8/) for tho short vowol befare following f, ef. 0 before Suapudedprow
in 465.—Zwev: on the frontier of Mysin.—weBa wlarev: ie. the
northern slope, For the accusative, cf, 003,
825, Apyuol: sc. bocause of the well-tilled farms, — mivorvs srt this
expression was often imitated. Gf exsul| aut Ararim Parthus
bibet, aut Germania Tigrim Verg. Eel. i, 62 £, — dav: this epithet
is applied to springs and rivers, ax well ns to the sea, when the snrfaoe
is disturbed by breczes in such » way as to provent @ clear reflection of the
sun's light,
nural
SECOND BOOK OF THE ILIAD 105
826. Thies: in the broader sense, — the inhabitants of the country.
827. nad of. A219. —rrofev xPA.1 i.e. Apollo gaye him skill with the
how; gf: lactus Apollo | augurium citharamque dabat, celeres-
que sagittas Vergiwten, xil, 308 f The ancienta believed that the bow
‘of an exoollent archer must be the gift of the god of the bow. The make
ing of the bow of Pandarus, from the horns of a wild goat shot by himself,
iin described in A 105-111,
828. “ABpheraay: rcolved ita name from Adrestus (840). Like the
following cities, it lay in what was Mysia in later timas,—Sfwov: as G47.
829. Tiriwav: received ite name from the neighboring pine forests;
as the neighboring Lampsacus was called [ervoieu.—Typetys: a moun-
tainous region near Cyzieus.
830, AwoBJpng: perhags ax an archer. Cf. 529.
G91. we Bio: of: A 16,—Tepxoriov= he scoms to have lived formerly
in Peroote (885); or Adrastea may have bean & colony from Peroote. —
smipl xdvrav: of. A258.
832, 8 «rA.: Homer knows of no professional soothsayors. Calehas
(A 69), Helenus (% 76), Ennomus (858), Melampus, Halitherses, — all
are introduced as busy in different ways, im war and in peace, — otf: for
the lengthened ultima bafore the possessive pronoun, see § 32 ¢, i. —otba
Yooxer: «resistance to pressure‘ is implied in the imperfect. He refused
his congent.
833. dOurfvopa: a standing upithet of the battle,
835. Spa: ns 522, —Tlepaseny: Percote, Abydus, and Arisbe were
towns on the south side of the Hellespont.
836. Enerdy: on the Thrncian Chersonese, opposite Abydus. Here
Xerxes bridged tho Hotlespont,
838, “Awe: for the repetition of the name, see on O74,
840-877. Tie allies of the Trojans.
840. TlAacyov: a part settled in Greece proper, a part must haye
remained in Asia Minor, They gave to many of their towns the name
Larisa or Larissa (rock-citadel). More than a dozen towns of this name
are enumerated, beside the citadel of Argos,
844 ff. The following enumeration of allios has a radial arrangement,
proceeding from Troy as the center and starting point. Each radius ends
with a ryder (349, 867, 877) or ripAe (863) for the most distant point
from Troy. 1. European tine (S44-850). II. Northeast of Troy, on
the southern shore of the Euxine Sea (351-867). TEI, Southeast of Troy
(858-863), IV, South of Troy (99°77),
106 COMMENTARY TO THE
844, Opiixas: European Throcians, dwelling between the Hebrus and
the Hollespont, —#ye: for the singular, oe on 512,
845. 'EdAjonovros: the Hellespont in Homer includes also the neigh-
boring waters. —4ydppoes : with strong stream. Iteis called @ worapés.
No current of the Mediterranean compares with that of the Hellespont.
846. Kuxsvev: Odysseus destroyed their city, after leaving Troy.
‘They are mentioned by Herodotus among the ‘Thracian nations through
whowe country Xerxes passed.
850. “Afw: for the repetition, ¢f: 671. The Axius is one of the hick
rivers of Macedonia, west of the Strymon, Tomer applies to it the epi-
theta ebpupteDpos, Balvdirns. —xidkicroy: predicate; “whose water is the
most beautiful that,” «fe. Cy, 216. Tha water of the Axius is now
muddy,
851, Horo tho poot returns to Avia, Seo on 844 ff. — Tv\aimdvees
wth: equivalent to «the shaggy-breasted Pylaemenes." For the periph«
rasis, cf. 387, P 105; sce § 16 d.—Démoy ep: see on A 189, Here
the epithet is transferred to the heart itself,
892. Uf “Every: out of the midst of the Enetians, where he dwelt.
nivalent to "Everjos. In later times these “Everoi were called Veneti;
they were sald to have wandered to the const-of the Adriatle Soa, — éypoe
the comparative ending is sometimes used in Homer with no
thought of greater or loss degree, but simply of contrast. § 40.0. .
856. Cy. 51T. 858. Mwrav: south of the Propoittis, east of the
Acsopus, towards Bithynia.
859. ote: placed emphatically bofore ofwvozrm, with rference to the
preceding olomanjs, Cf gratissimas augur; |sed non augurio
potuit depellers pestem Verg. Aen, ix, 3 —olwvoiew: by omens,
from the flight of birds,
860. dnd xepel: ind with the dative is frequently used by Homer where
the Attic used tro with the genitive, See § 19 &— AlaxiSao: for the use
of the patronymic, of 621, Cf Aencidne tolo iacet Hector Verg.
Ami
861, iv noraup: as 675. ‘The story of the general slaughter by Achillen
in the bed of the Scamandor ia told in ® 17 #f., but Ennomus is not namod
there. — BM mp: just where,
862, Spiyas: sc. on the river Sangarius, ‘They were famed for their
chariots and their vineyards (F 184 ff.) ‘They had commercial relations
with the Trojans. Vergil calls the Trojans Phrygians, but this is not
Hewerie; ¢f. alma Vonus Phrygii genuit Simoontis ad undam
SECOND BOOK OF THE ILIAD 107
Verg. Aen, i, 018,—"Aeninos: Homer knows of no sou of Aeneas. The
boy Ascanius was invented Inter a8 a companion piece to Heetor's son
Astya For the name we may compare Ashkenes in Gen. x. 3 for
the inhabitants af Central Ania Minor.
863. “Acxaving: in Bithynia,on a Inke of the same name on which
lay also the later Nicaca,—pduagay &: instead of a participle or relative
clause; 800 21 d,—deptn: local dative, Synonymous with paiyp, woAquos,
864. Myjorw: Inter called Lydians, ‘They inhabited on attesotive
land and were equipped with chariots; they traded with the Trojans;
and thelr women were skilled in purple dyeing. —qynedeOqy: ¢/: 620.
865, Tvyaty Auvq: ie. the nymph of that lake; of wjudy yy’ Z21,
Allof these nymphs belong to western Asia Minor, which was thought
to be their favorite abode.
866. wal: als, marks the agreement with 864. Cy. 74.
867, PapPapopdvuv: rongl-voiced, refers to the harshness of their dia-
lect, ‘The word BipBapos for non-Greek, foreigner, is not found in Homer,
just as the poet has no one word for ‘all Greece."—No one in Homer
has any difficulty in conversing with another of a different country.
Greeks, Trojans, and Lyclans all seam to speak the same langage,
860, MAnrov: this old Carian city became tho largest Jonian city and
the mother of eighty colonies, but lost much of ite importance in the
insurrection against the Persians, in 404 n.c.
869. Muxédqs: at tho foot of this mountain the Persians were defeated,
in 479 wo,
870, Spa: #0, as J said, refers back to 867,
B71. Néerns «ri: repeated from the preceding verse, in the reverse
onder, Cf. 71,
872. 5: rulers to the principal porvon, Ndwry 867.—al: marks the
agmament with dyAad réxm 871; ¢f. 860.—xpurdv ixev: with gold orna-
ments, probably the gold spirals usod in fostening his long hair, ypurdy
here cannot refer to gold armor such as that of Glaucus, Nestor, or
Achilles, since that was um honor and no reproach. Nastes was the
‘Trojan Nirens (671 #f.).— sore xovpn : like a vain girt.
873. vimor: of. 38, 874 = 500.
876. Segwyisy: second only to Hector; the bravest leader of the
allios, regarded by tha Trojans a# dppn wédyor It 549 prop of the city.
He was son of Zeus and Laodamia, Belleropbon’s daughter (Z 198 f.).
He Jod in the attack on the Achaean camp (M 101, 299 ff., $97 ff.), Ho
Ss >
108 COMMENTARY TO THE
was slain by Patroclus (IT 480 ff.). At the command of Zous, Apollo
bathed hia corpse, anointed it with ambrosia, and gave it to the twin
brothers, Sleep and Death, to convey to Lycia (Il 667 #f.).—TAabnos:
Glancus tells of hit race in Z 1454, He was first consin of Sarpedon and
grandson of Bellerophon, descended from Sisyphus of Corinth, He ta
associated with Sarpedon in the battles. Ho has # famous moeting with
Diomed (% 119 f1,), He was wounded by Teucer (M 887 ff.). ‘The honors
received by the two Lyoian herovs at home are enumerated by Sarpedon at.”
M 310. — The name ‘Lyvia’ is given by the poet also to tha district from
which Pandarus (827) comes; cf. E105. From those Trojan Lyclans
tho southern Lyclans of Sarpedon aro to be distinguished,
E 479, M 813; to be distinguished
fram the Trojan river $v Bdvfov uA tows Deol, dvfocs 8 Rebiay Spor TAL
THIRD BOOK OF THE ILIAD
Instoad of the general hattle which was to be expected from the prepar
mations of the Second Book, # duel is fought between Menelaus and Paris,
This ducl is intended by the combatants to put an end to the entire ware
In the Third Book the poet gives to his hearers a view of the state
of affairs in Troy, as the preceding Books had taught of the relations
existing between the Achscans, both leaders and mon, and alao gives
information with regan to events which preceded the aetlon of the poem,
This verse refer 6, 815,—Teaeres: ie, the separate divi-
The singular would have been used of
Trojans and their allies, — As B 820, not ux B 816.
clamor and outery ; one idea, expressed tor emphanls
by two synonymour nouns. Cf A 492, B 339.—teav: adeanced.—
Sprite Sa: of. BTO4, and see on B190. ‘This comparison is made definite
by a special illustration. —'The Achaeans silent in the consciousness of
thair power are contrasted with the noixy Trojans, Elsewhere also the
Trojaus are represented as exercising less self-restraint, as leas disciplined
than tho Grecks, Whon tho strife is renewed (A 490 ff.) the Achacans
advance in golemn silence, while the Trojans come to meet them with the
noise of a flock of sheep.
3. Gore: of. BST, —yephvwr: of. B £00. — obpardt wpé: the advurb mpd
—wayyi eh
=a
THIRD BOOK OF THE ILIAD 109
makes ofpavd& more definite. To the observer, the sky seems to be behind
the cranes in their lofty flight. Cy. B 456.— Cy. quales sub nubibus
atris| Strymoniae dant signa grues, atque acthera tranant|
cum sonitu, fugiuntque notos clamore seoundo Vorg. “Aen. x.
264 ff.; *As multitudinous on the ocean line | As cranes upon the eloud-
lees Thrncian wind,’ Shelley Hellas; «Lond were their clamoring tongues,
as when | The clanging sea-fow! leave the fon,’ Scott Marmion v. 5.
4. teak oly: as A ST.—xundiva: ef: yipaver 8 eéyoorm xepina rly dy
nor SevPiag sip yordpucrony spawrdownr ds xeypaoriqw (\einler quarters) & rove
romovs rovrow (ie. of the Nile) Hat. ii. 22, quam multae glome
rantur aves, ubi frigidus annus | trans pontum fugat, et torris
immittit apricia Vong. den. vi. 311 f, —¢iyor: for the gnomie aorist
in comparisons, of. 10, 23, 33.
3. wavy}: contains the real point of the comparison; 6 f. are added
simply to complete the picture. See § 14 a.—ral ye: repeats the subject,
al red. See on A 97.— trl xrA.: toward the currents, ete. Le. toward the
south, See on A 423,
6. dybpdeu: made prominent in contrast with the cranes, dvjp often
stands in attributive connection with nouns. See on B 474. — Tvypatees:
these pygmies, Lilliputians (literally, Fisilings), on the southern shore of the
Mediterrancan, were attacked yearly by the cranes, according to the com-
mon story. — Of, ‘that small Infantry | Warr'd on by cranes,’ Milton Par,
Lost i, 515. — d6ver wrd.z of. B 352.
7. Hesax: of. A407, On the day after their arrival in the lan. —
xnufv: destructive, as A 10; se. to the pyginies.—ipba ard. offer
(literally, bring forroard) strife,
B, of 8 Kpa: ive. the Achanans; correlative with Tpies pa 2.—toay
evya: of: 08 ylip xpavyy AMAA onyff . . . nal fougy... poogow Xen. An.
i. 8. 11. — pia mlovees: of, B 530. — Cf. *Thus they | Breathing united
foree with fixed thought | Moved on in silence,’ Milton Por. Last i. 959 {f.
9. dv Oops: in heart, though they did not shout; emphatic. €
B 223.
20. tre: generally a temporal particle; here a comparative conjunction,
a, like ore 3.— “As the South wind veils the mou
LL. 06 m Any xA.: ae. since the shepherd on the mountains in »
thick mist cannot caaily watch and guard his flock.— verbs duclve: por
hays becanse the sheep wore usually shut up in thete fold at night.
12. véewor, Sver: only so fur as; accusative of extent, with dni of
BOM. — rk ety these mark the correlation of the clauses; of. A 82.—
its topye itis en
110 COMMENTARY TO THE
Distances aro thus measured in Homer: as the cast of a spoar, or of @
discus, or of @ shephenl's crook, or a bowshot, or a furrow’ Inngth, or
ths reach of the voice, (/. St. Luke xxii, 41, ¢And he was withdrawn
from them about a stone’s east.”
13, dg Bpa erA.: ax B84. 14= BSS.
15, A formula which, in close connection with what has preceded,
introduces the single combat of two warriors. —eyxebov fev: were near
each other, For the use of the adverb, see on A 416,—dr dd\fAounw:
construed with iévres. For dri in hostile sense, of. A 382.
16, Tpwoly: for the Trojans. — Goubhs: this epithet is given to Paria
because of hia personal beauty. 30, 44 #1, 55, 64,
17. wopbodiqy: sidjoctive ax substantive, See on A T4. As a light
armed warrior (be was ominontly & bowman), he wore no armor, and thus
hnda panther's skin on his shoulders, See on B43,
18. abrip: on the other hand. This gives promin to Botpy since
the spears do not belong properly to the archer’s equipment, which has
Just been described. —Godpe Sve ; for dvw with the dual, ef A 10.—rxopul-
péra «rhe: for the plural in agreement with the dual, of. A 200.— 6/7,
bina manu lato crispans hustilia ferro Verg. Aen. i. 313, laowa
duo forte gerebat | pracfixa hastilia ferro i, xii, 4836
19 ff. For the single combat, cf (And thers went out a champion ont
of the camp of the Philistines, named Goliath, of Gath, whose height was
six cubits and a span, And he had an belmet of brass upon his head,
and he was armed with a cont of mail; and the woight of the cont was
five thousand shekels of brass, And he had greaves of brass upon his
logs, and a target of brass betw his shouldbrs, And the staff of his
spear was like a weaver’s beam, and his spear’s head weighed six hundred
shekels of iron; and one bearing a shield went before him, And he
stood and eried unto the armies of Isrnol, and said unto them, « Why are
ye come out to set your battle in array? Am not La Philisting and ye
a, anid let him come down to
mrvants to Saul? Choose you aman for y
me. “If he be ght with me, and to kill me, then will we be your
servants : but if T pre inst him ond kill him, then shall ye be our
4, and sorve us.” And the Philistine aald, «1 defy the armies of
Isrvel this day ; give mo a man, that wo may fight together,”” 1 Sam. xvii
4-10; cum trigeminis (s. Horatii and Curiatii) agunt rogées,
ut pro sua quisque patria dimicent ferro: ibi imperium fore,
unde victoria fucrit Livy i, 245 ‘Thon said the doughty Douglaa |
Unto the Lord Perey: | “To kill all them guiltless mon, | Alas! it were
ible to
wore
THIRD BOOK OF THE ILIAD m1
great pitie. | But, Perey, thou art a lord of land, | T am an earl called
within my country; | Let all our men upon a parti siand, | And do the
battle of thee and mo,"* Chevy Chase.
29. wédAwy: parallel with dywr 17.—mpoxaddero: by his mien rather
than by wos; of, 2. wponuAgévevos would make a smoother con-
struction here, but the finite verb is used in order to give the thought
more prominence; cf: {BaNdov 80. Thus tywy and médvuy seem to be
related to both imperfecta. — wévras &plerovg : in marked contrast with the
yielding of Paris before Moaelaus, who was not distinguished in battle —
Hore the period roturns to line 18, since this verea explains xpopdyiter. —
Paris and Menelans are introduced first in the notion, since the two are
the prime cause of the war, Their feud is private as well as public, ‘The
doseription of the two foes is made specially effective by the contrast of
their characters.
20, érriBiov: of, dyryBiqy A
against-man conflict,
21. HM: correlative with péy 16,— de: for its position, of A 92.—
Spqigudos: this epithet is generally applied, as here, to Menclaus. ‘Tho
epithet and the name form a convenient close to the verse. See on A 7,
22. wpowdpeder byDiou : ac, 05 xpsunyor.— pampa iPdyra : thia gives the
manner of épydpevov. Ut is here a sign of courage, for Paris was no coward.
Cf longe gradientem Verg. Aen, x. 672, ‘Satan with vast and haughty
strides advanced,’ Milton Par. Lost 109.
23, Ss 7 Mav xrA.: a Comparison Instead of the apodosls, which (with
bebadpotow lay as a repetition of ds évoee) follows at 27, Tho gnomic
aorist {xépy contains the point of comparison; but mavdwy also reosiven
emphasis from its position and corresponds to ddro zip riowaOu 28, i.e.
Joy at the promisod satisfaction of m passionate desire. —éel eépan sip-
was: os he linppened upon the carcass of a beast just slain in the chow
(G26). copa is used in Homer only of a dead body; sce § 17. In
A475 ff. ix another instance in a con ‘ison of a lian coming up and eat
ing a deer which a hunter had killed. — Cf, impastus stabula alta
leo cou saope poragrans, | suadet enim vesana fames; si forte
fugacem | conspexit capream aut surgentem in cornua cer
vum |gaudet Verg. Aen. x. ariat ia gnomic, like elpsiy,
below, which explains xipous, and is in apposition with it,
25, pdda xaretle: cayerly devours.— yp v2 athe: explains rumdar.—
ep Ev: of, B 507. — airdv: himself, in contrast with the goat or door.
26. ives «rd. : “hounds and hunters,” who had killed the beast,
‘8; used only of a hand-to-hand, mon-
r
a
ne COMMENTARY TO THE
27, KonSia: with ‘synizesis’ of the last two vowels, as 287, 150. § 25,
‘virewbas : for the aorist infinitive after a verb of expecting, of: 112,
ee G. 1286,
Paris was on foot; soo 22. — a éyéav: equivalent to é& trraw 265.
“wae filled with dismay”; nob from natural eawardics
(2 621 ff.), but his guilty conscience robbed him of courage at sight of
Menelaus. ‘Conscience does make cowards of us all.’ ‘rep: of: A dt.
33, dy 6" Gre: introduces a comparison, with the gnomic aorist. See
§ 14 ¢—ri,ré: as 12. For tho ¢ remaining short before dp, soo § 59g.
madivopros dmtery= atrpped back again, ac. in terror; in this lies the
point of the comparison, For the predioate adjective used sa an adverb,
Of. pun 7, dvrie A 835.— Cf. improvisum aapris velnti qui xen-
tibus nnguem | proasit humi nitens, trepidusque repente
refugit |... haud secus Androgeus vieu tromefactus abibat
Verg. Aen. ii. 370 11,, «Fale Sextus saw and trembled, | And turned and
fled away; | Ax turns, a8 fies the woodman | In the Calabrian brake | When
thro’ the reeds gleams the round eye | Ot that fell speckled snake, } So
turned, so fled false Sextus | And hid him in the rear,’ Macaulay Lays,
Batile of Regillus xv.
34. tw6: below, referring Lo the weakness of his knees, Constrwe with
DraBe
35. wopads: in apposition with piv, asa *part* with the ¢whola’; ¢f
438, 44:
3G. Kal" Spidov: into the throng. — dyepaxev: also B B54.
37. “AMEavépor: in apposition with the subject of 2, expressed here
for the sake of the contrast with ‘Arpéos vier.
39. alb0¢ Bpurre: as in contrast with Avemap, of 45. Thus the
excellence that is granted is made a reproach,
40. al" Ghodes KPA. closely connected with the reproaches of the pre~
coding verse. — Byovos, &yapor: unborn, unmarried. — Elsewhere, also, Hector
uses strong langunge to Paris and about him. Cf. 454, Z 9304.
41. eal v6: even this, roforring to the prceding vrs. —se Bovdolaqy
potential, J should prefers cf: A L12,—xe de: as contrary to fact in
present time, — wot: of, A 91, 112
42. 4: follows the comparative iden in Bovdodeny, ws A 17, mul wer
ro\i wrA. being parenthetical.
44. gavres (Imperfect participle): they who belienet: of an tncoreects
Tiew, a5 B37 and frequently. —Koddv: seldom is an adjective at the close
of one ver in close connection with a noun st the beginning of the next.
THIRD BOOK OF THE ILIAD 8
$11j. Many spparent exceptions to this rule can be explained, as A 78,
156, 283. This arrangement of words may have been chosen here in
order to give increased prominence to Gos. Perhaps kuAdv and or should
change placea, having been transposed to avoid an ‘ apparent hiatus.’
45, bm (for Greer, a8 A515): attends thee, — dX ob wrA.; the cone
trast with dvres calls strictly fora participle denoting the Achaeans*
recognition of the truth. Instead of this, Hector states the fact from his
‘own standpoint. —dperiv= local; of. A 24.
46. “Can such a coward have dared to moot the dangers involved ih
the rape of Holen?" —rowese: with deietio fe, of: 157, B 120.
47. dyelpas : subordinate to érerAaious [Attic érerhedoas).
48. G\obaroier: masculine adjective as substantive; cf: Aapdaniaw
B S19, Cf. on A 54, G30. —dvhyes: didst Foal (bring) Bome to Troy,
49. dmins: ef A 270,—wviv: sisterinaw of Agamemnon, who i
implied in the more general dvBpay eek. — ehcunrdav: of A200. Impor
tant for the thought here, For the plural, ef, 106, B 200,
50, wipa: ara bane. This accusative and the two following are ix
apposition with the whole of the preceding sentence, marking ‘the result
of the action, Cf. B160; see H. 626; G.915.— Gwe: country, as BOAT.
— For the (probably necidental) alliteration of w, sco § 13 a,
51, Burperinw rd: for the ‘chiaatic* onder of words, of 108 £,, 17
A 44d, — warnpeiny : humiliation, shame, Cf. 6 Kuxipuw tion « « « pehura piv
ois éxbpaix, aloryos 6é rots oleaioes rapéxorta Dio Cans. xxxvili. 23. 1.
52. otk Gv Sy erh. i a question in the sense of an energotic but sarckstic
exhortation. Couldst thou not then withstand, etc.F Stand to mett, etc. ‘Tho
way for this question has been prepared by 60 f. “If thou hadst the
courage to bring Helen to Troy, thus bringing war upon thy native land,
then have the courage,” ete.
59, role wa: then woulda thow leern., The condition a pelraas is
easily supplied; ef. A 252, B 242. —txag: Aust to wife, ax
54. ote &y vor xpaloen : “will not help thes (A 28)." This is more
definite than the optative with dy, to be expected after yroige xe. See
$18. Gre peyeiys is stated us & mere conception of the mind. — xiBepe:
without the article, although the other nouns here have it. Achilles, also,
hind a eithara (1189), but ho sang not tove songs but «Aa drip, glorious
decits of men. —r& ; theee, thy; deictic, like the following § and ré.
BS. {reerh: among the gifts of the goddess of love, two are made
prominent. “ Observe the explanatory apposition, —puysine fy: ef. 2001
generally the simple dative is used with wiyropa,
14 COMMENTARY TO THE
56, Babfwowe: xc. since Parix belonged to the royal family.—@ #4 eer
fevo: the conditional idea (English elie) is implied as in 63.
57, Réwov xrA.: pul on a atone iunie. A grim oxpremion of popular
speech for death by stoning, ths customary method of capital punishment
in heroio times (a4 in the laws of Moses). A recent American story has
the sentence, You would return in a wooden overcoat,” and from an
English story is quoted ‘put ou the green waistcoab’ in the sense of ‘Lie
under the graveyard god.’ Possibly, then, Hector referred to a sarcopha-
gus; but the Homeric heroes are burned, nob buried im stone coffins. —
fewo: from Fy (dove).
59, “Berop: construe with 64, where the principal thought begins. —
drat: follows the vocative, as A352, ‘This clause has no grammatical eou-
clusion, ‘The virtual conclusion ia 67 f.
60. ald ov: this thought is resumed in 63 with an accented oof,
because of the contrast. — érapies predicate of xpadéy.
61. daw: goes, ie. ix driven. Tt ts always used as present in Homeric
comparisons; cf. B 87,—6ud Bovpds: through the trunk of @ treet
dvipog: driven by a man, For thy passive sense in dow, mee H, $20, — iy
fd te erA.: hypothetioal, «when he hews out” of the felled tree, ete. —
rixmg: with skill. For the dative, ef, chevy 2, oxy 8-
62. bpOAa Krd-: the axe by its weight inereasex the force of the man's
diow, dbéAAu has the same subject as dow, which shows the intervening
clause to be parenthetical,
63. dripfinros: aattributive adject
64. ph per: ‘ndycrsative axyndoton.’ —mpégepr: of. B 251. —xpvedns :
equivalent ta xpuropdpou, adorned with gold, Cf B S72, Venus aurea
Verge den, x.16, Similarly, Ares is ydAxeos, because of his bronze armor.
—L acknowledge my lack of thine unyielding cournge, but do not east in
my teeth the gifts of Aphrodite.”
65, «Causal asyndeton,’ ie, if @ particle wer used her, ih would be
causal. —dwéphqra: abieeta, fo be cast off, a8 B Stl, Cf nay xnlopa
(erenture) Deot muddy, msl ofSty &miBryrov I Tim. iv. 4,
66. tera... S%ew: for the conditional relative sentones, of. A S54.
Explanatory of BGpa, adding the essential mark of the gods gift, ie,
that they ant of free choice, —abret: ie. without act and thua without
responsibility of tha receiver. —dedv Dove: this forms an independent
contrast to the preceding relative clause.
67. viv aire: transition from the preceding generl considerations to
the work before them,
THIRD BOOK OF THE ILIAD : 116
68. Bows: the others. — xéBurov: bid to sit down,
69. aérip: se on B de plowy: benrern the tee armier; of, 17,
266, in medium inter duas acies procedunt Livy i. 25. 1, dyape wal
eride els 78 pdvov St. Luke vi, 8. For the neuter adjective as a substantive
(not very frequent in Homer), ef. A 4, 39.
70. cvpfdders: cf: fuvéyce A 8. The plural is used, since the consent
of the Achaeans also was necessary for the single combat — wrfpaos een:
ie, those which Paris carried away with Helen from the house of Mene-
Taus; cf: 282. ‘Helen and her treasures’ are often united in thought.
péxer@ar: as A 8.
TA. weien: shall guin the viclory; as future perfect, Mall be victorious.
72. W: seams to strengthen mivra,—dyledo: middle, fake ay Ade oun.
73. of 8 Bdo: but you, the rest. Elsewhere, when at the beginning
‘of the verse, but Hey, the others; as 01, 256. of 8° dAdo includes both
‘Trojans and Achasans, and a division into of péy, of &é might be expeated;
but instead of this, the second person (vadore) appears in the first mem-
ber, and rot & yedoOuy in the second. Cf. 256 ff, —udérmra: *zougmatic-
ally’ (of. A S83, § 16 ©) connected with rapdyres, which is constrosd
strictly only with Spru, —rapdvne; me on B 124.
74. valowre: may ye continue to dwell. Note the optative betweon two
imperatives. This is a mere incident to the proposition, — dppBéhaca:
epithet of Phthia, A 155, und of Larisa, B S41.—vol S: but thooe, the
Achaeans,
75. “Apyor, 'Axoulfa: ive. Peloponnesus (as A 30) und Northern Greece,
ie. all Hellas. See on B 530,
76. dxobeas: gives the couse of dxdpn.
7B. plovov Sovpés (partitive genitive): i.e. holding the «pear horizon-
tally with both hands, crowding the Trojans back and showing that he
id not intend to Gght.—tipidgrar: verre brought fo a halt. This gives
the result of dvigeye, moe on B94
79, tmerofitorro; were mining, imperfect of attempted action,
80. TBardov: transition from the participial to the finite construction,
in order not to subordinate this ides to drerofigrro, although the rt. .
ré would make PéAAorres natural hore. See §§ 11 g, 21 A.
BZ. texuete, ph PAdAere: note the + axyndeton,’ where the second {snpers.
tive explains the first; and the double address, “Apyetee, xviipoc 'Axaidr.
83. erebros: of. B O07. — tees: for the long ultima, see § 59 j,
8. payne: for the genitive, of 112, deris B O7,—Smg ve erds of
B S25. Se. in order to hear Heator’s speech.
4 —_
16 ‘ COMMENTARY To THE
85. leevpives: made emphatic by ite position. — per épporipovery >
Between both armies.
86. windvrs ped; hear from me. The genitive is ablatival.
89. dX’: for the accent of the ultima (xa\d) thrown back upon the
preceding syllable, ¢f; 192, A105, § 28 d.— dwodleta: iv, they were to
‘be mere spectators. — dwt xBovt: for the dative of reat, of A 50%,
90-94 = 69-73, with necessary changes. —abrév: intensive, Aimsel/-
atros Bovtera Would be natural here, but the accusative is used, correlative
with ddAovs dv, above.
92 =71.— Transition to direct discourse; see § 114, Gf. BM,
95. dxiy: equivalent to dxdww A 34. Originally a cognate accusative
with éyaouro, of. § 50 6.—everq: dative of manner, equivalent to etm
wives, —C/, dixerat Acneas, Uli obstupuere silentes Verg.
Am, xi. 120,
98. Qvpév: accusative of «limit of motion.’—idv: made emphatic by
its position before the caesural pause.— dpovie x7. + “My mind is that
we now (ijn) ar to separate in peace.” ¢povéw is nearly equivalent to
Gore pou. For the aorist infinitive, of 28.
99. “Apycleve nal Tpdar: lias more feeling than dpas ani quay. See on
AAO. —aelroete: the speaker returns to the address begun with xdekeme,
100. duis IpsGos: my strife with Paris.—dpxfis: the beginning ; of. 87,
B77 {. A mild exproasion for the guilt of the first breach of the peace,
101. drvorlpy ; the antecedent is the subject of refvucy. — @dveros «ak
poipa: of. dévov nal xijpa 6, Bévarov Kai wdrpov B 359.
102. ri@vain: fet him lie dend. — Svaxpwheire : repeats Gucxpaijuevas.
103, steers: aorist imporative, as dgere 105, Speco 260 ; but oferoper 108
is future, Sea § 48 i. —&pwe: o> dpvas 117, —Mavedv, phaivaw: the white
male lamb was to be sacrificed to the gleaming Helios, while the dark ewe
lamb was for Pata uéAnun (B 699). Tho sex of the victim was generally
that of the divinity; thus a cow Is merificed to Athena, but a bull to
Poswidon, —The order of words is <chiastic’ with the following verso, —
For the divinities to whom this sacrifice ix to be offered, sue on 276,
105. Tpiduovo Biqr: for the periphrasis, see § 10 d.—Spma rdpen: he,
may conclude the treaty, an 73,04. The victims are al gamemnon,
not hy Priam
106. atrés: in person; the old king being contrasted with his sons,
‘The poet forgets the periphrasis and procesds as if he Ind said plapo.
—trvi: this Introduces the first reason; the second follows with aid 8¢
108. — el: for him, Nis. —watSey: capocially Paria. For tho plural, ¢f. 49,
THIRD BOOK OF THE ILIAD ny
107. pf me KrA.: lat no one, afc, Fxxpression of ai
immediately with his opinion of the sous of Priam. — Aide Spma; Zeus
watches over solemn treaties and punishes whoever breaks them ; of. 280,
4 160, 166, of Bedv Spxoe Xen. An. il. 6,7
108. iepilovras: are flighty, unafeady, untrustecorthy. For the literal use
of this verb, seo B 448,
109. olf: neuter; of: AT0, It has no corresponding rote in the mpodosis,
—4 youve the old man (generic article), in contrast with drAorépwv 108,
—periges : for the subjunctive, of: A S54, —sptoww err, : of, A343.
WO. Swe: how; indirect question. —& Epwra: of: A 69.—per’
Spiperipoen: “for both sides.”
LLL ‘Axl xrA.: in apposition with of,
112, waieurten: to free themselves from, to be freed from, with ablatival
genitive. *For the aorist Infinitive after &kmouevm, of. 25.
213, nat fa: and a,—éwi ovixas: of B 687. —* 8 Gar [fAyrar]:
se, from their war chariots,
114. xariderro: sc, “Ayu! re Tpiés re. CY aevbloba 80.
15, whygioy &Aiwv: rofora to ra wér, This thought is wtated in
different form by the rest of the vars: tule ground wax round about each
suit of armor.
116. Sie: this numeral is constraed with the plural where the two
perions are not necessarily and closely connected, —efpueas; te heralds
‘wore the only official mombors of the king's household; of A 320 ff.
B 188 f, Thus the service of the heralds st 268 ff. ix because of their
relations to the king’s person.
120. oleipevan: of: 108.— apa: then, so; the immodiate reault of the
commission, —obe dmiGqee: with a dative of the porsun.
IQL-144. The wiew from the walls. This episode has been criticived as
interrupting the progress of the action, but it has heen mnch admired
als. C7, the scene in Soolt’s frunhoe where Rebecea describes the leaders
of the aseailing party.—The Achacan army seems to have come nearer
the city wall than we should expect from the use of his chariot by Priam
at 250 ff.
121. Iris, elsewhere the messenger of the gods, here of her own accord
brings into the action Helen, the cause of the war and the prize of the
expected wingle combat. The following seme (‘Texorxoria), which occu-
pies the time necessary for the preparations for the principal action (wee
on A $18), introduces the hearvr to the Trojans and their relations to
each other. — Dawa 55.
118 COMMENTARY TO THE
122, yehdy: Ausband’s sister. C7. Surjp 180, dxvpé 172, eleardpaw Z O78,
124. Asobieqy: attracted to the cuso of tho rulative ry. CY. BT0E.—
Bos Spleryy literally, must excellent in appearance, most beautiful. Cf. 39.
125. iv peyspy: of. 142. —lerdy: wed. Weaving was the mont honor
ablo employment of Homeric women; it occupied queens and goddesses,
So Hector, on parting from Andromache, says: GAA’ ds olor lovwu ri o”
adris Upyaxdpute (care for), | lrrav x (loom) jAnadryw re (spindle) Z 490 f,
126, Simdaxa: feminine adjective a» substantive; sen on A SH. Se.
xAatvay (of: xAatvuy BeAjv), o double cloak (of. ‘doublet, so large that it
could be thrown twice (or double) about the body. —wopdupéqv: of purple,
while the interwoven sccnes were of some other color, ‘This art may have
been in part dependent on oriental pattorns, but evidently had advanoed to
the mpresentation of persons. —dd0hove: ie. buitles, fought on the plain of
Troy, before the action of the Iliad, Other allusiona to these conflicts are
found ; of. 182 4. A520 f, B20f. But most of the earlier fighting seems
to have been done af a distance.
128, Wor: not enclitic, since it is neflexive, raferring to the subject of
the principal sentence. — tw “Apgos xrA.: by the hands of Ares. Cf. BL,
130. Bip Wh: ef: Baow’ ith BS. —@lenede ipya: un indefinite expres
sion, exciting Helen's curiosity. 1a = 127.
132. of amply: who before, ic. until now. The antecedent of the relax
tive follows, of &) viv 184. —dwl erd.t of. 15. —wedtBaxpuy: ie. causing
many tears, C165, lecrimabile bellum Verg, Aen. vil. 604.
133. For the betwoon the two halves of the verse, of. B 484.
134, 8) vov: already now, —tarax ory: with the collateral notion of
inactivity. —Fihquos wTA.: parenthetical; of B 333,
135, seve pin se, as they stood oft
by their side, —owhemyev :
wepé : adverb,
with the gavparyip (Uronze paint of the bute)
fixed in the gre or dofigunt tolluri hastas et souta rooli-
nant Verg. Aen. xii. 120, stant terra defixae Jastae ib, Fi, BO.
138, +S Ke vinfioarn: Jin who guina the vletory.—mé: construe with
KecAyory. — >On: standing epithot.—smedgeq: of. A 203, B 260,
139, atwotra: coincides in time with ZuPade.—yruxdv tuepov: of: 440.
140. xporipne: Helen was no longer wife of Monclaus; so she says
‘of Agamomnon : &xyp (Awsband "e brother) air’ dude Eorxe 180.— Sorreog > waned
of the native city, ay wéAss 00.—roehev: Tyndaretis and Leda were
thought of ae alive, ‘Tyndarofs fs called Holon's father, just ax Heraclen
is called son of Amphitrya, ‘This is not incousintant with 199, 418,
IAL. apyeries «rhs of 419. In accordance with oriental custom,
THIRD BOOK OF THE ILIAD 119
women and maidens were veiled when they went on the streets or came
into the presence of men who wero not immedinte relations.
142, Gaddpo: the apartments of the women in the rar part of the
house, ‘There Holon site and spins with her maids at Z 321 ff,
143. Sua rh ye erA.: in apposition with of ofp, of. B 822. — Princely
lndies in Homer are generally attended by two maids.
144, Aldpy: Pitthous, king of Troozen, wag son of Pelopa, His
daughter Acthra bore Theseus to Aegeus, king of Athens, She, living
in Athena, had under her caro Helen, whom Theseus had carried off from
Sparta, until Castor and Polydeuces freed their sister Helen and captured
Acthra, So Acthra was made Helen's slave, first in Sparta and afterwards
in Ties, But this seams to be a post-Homorie story, — Kwai: likewise
a slave brought with Helen from Sparta; oft 886 ff.
14S. WW: thither where, — Znavak wihars ee on B 809.
146. of 8° Gygi etd: mer on 148, B 445. —Ovpoirqv= only here in
Homer, Vergil uses the name: primusque Thymoctes | duct (se.
wooden horse) intra muros hortatur Am. i, 82 f
147 = Y 238, where it ix said that these three heroes were sons of
Laomedon, and brothers of Priam. —8tey"Apqos: of: B 510.
148, Oiuadéyov xr: these two receive prominence from the use of
the nominative, ‘The change from the construction of 146 f, ix not bold,
since of dudi Hplayor is easontially equivalent to Tpiquos uni of dudpi pur.
—Wealegon (oix ddéywr) is mentioned only here in Homer. Cf. iam
proximus (¢, to Detphobus) ardot | Ucalogon Verg. Aen. il. #11 £.
—"Avrfiwup: he is especially prominent in the following «ene, 203—
224, 262.
149, Syneyiporres: in apposition; title of the noblos ax leaders and
counselors, See on B21, This epithet is applied also to Tus, son of
Dardanus, —dwl Exaujer wikgew: i.e. on tho tower above the Scacan Gate,
from which the Trojan elders and women were wont to watch the battles
on the plain; ef. 153, 384, spectaverant enim e motnibus Pergami
non viri modo sed fominae etiam Livy xxxvii. 20.
150, vipat: equivalent to Bad rd yfjpas.—B4: nlrewly. —wewravpdvos :
the perfect indicates the continuance of the state brought about by the
of A248,
The males sit on sunny bashes and during
the longest days make, by rubbing their wings, a clear chirping noise
which the Greeks of all times admired greatly. ‘They are not mentioned
eleowhere int — The comparison refers only to the tone of voice.
120 COMMENTARY TO THE
152, ferbple: a trockeo, For the taynizesis,” of A 1, 15, B G51; se
§ 25. —Aapuevav: i.e. tondor and delicate, like the colar of the ily.
153. rotor: such ; predicate with fvro, “Such were they who sat,” ¢e.
Seo on A 266. — dpa reoupitulates tho comparison ; cf: 161,
255, jxa: for the short ultimn, not lengthened before mp, #86 § 59 ga.
156. od www xrA-; “wo cannot blame,” ee. —The beauty of Helen
could not bi praised more delicately or effeotively than by this oxolama-
tion that she drew from the aged counselors of Troy. €f. non patant
indignum Trojani principes Graios Troianoaque propter
Helenae speciom tot mala tanto tomporis spatio sustinere:
quacnam igitur ills forma credenda est? non enim hoe
dieit Paris, qui rapuit, non aliquis iuvenis aut unus evulgo,
sod senes et prudentissimi et Priamo ndaldentes Quintilian
‘Homer himsclf who 00 porsiatently refrains from all descrip
tions of physical beauty that we barely learn from a passing mention tit
Helen had white arms and beautiful hair, even he manages nevertheless to.
give us an idea of her beauty which far surpasies anything that art eonld
do. Recall the passage where Helen enters the assembly of the Trojan
elders. ‘The venerable men soo her coming, ond one says to the others:
of riwecne eth. What can give a more vivid idea of her beauty than that
cold-blooded age should deem it well worth the war which bad cost so
much blood and so many toara?’ Lessing Laocodn xxi.
157. rove: such @ one as that, a8 she stood before their eyes; with
deictic Be, of. 48. ‘This is explained by the following verse, — ats for
the wake of, 0 , O1.
159, This is a general remark, and assumes no knowledge of the
proposition of Paris.
160. wha: of 50,—Mwovre: a8 passive ; see § 50 d.
1GL. keeMeware: called to him.—duri is usod much like ¢awfras.
It is contrasted with xa 155.— The thres following speeches are of nina
verses each, Cf: the symmetry in the prayers (see on $01).
162, Sedpo: «f- 130, —dysto: construe with mdpode, of: A 360,
164, of 1 pov xrd.: Priam, as well as the poet recognized the war as
appointed and caused by the goils, Ho dosired to remove the feeling af
dread with which Helen, conscions of guilt, approached him. She appre.
ciated his kindness, saying that Priam ‘was always kind as a father’
(0.770).—pol: in my eyes, ‘This is expressod in both clausos, —alrly : of.
A153. — Geol wi pos: for the ‘axyndeton,’ of AT vo: 7 think, Of.
the words of Venus: non tibi Tyndaridis facies invian Lacnonag|
il
THIRD BOOK OF THE ILIAD 121
eulpatusve Paris; divum inclementia, divum, | hae evertit
opes, sternitque a culmine Troiam Verg. den ii. O01 ff.
165. ot: demonstrutive, —wohiGaxpwr: of. 132.
166. de xrA.: a vocond final clause depending on 162.—xat: belongs
to the whole clause, and indicates that another final sentence preceded,
167. 3¢ ma: predicate, — 85¢: observe the rogular interchange of the
pronouns d& and ofros in question and answer, here and 178, 192 and 200,
226 and 229; both pronouns are deietio, but 38 indioatos simply what is
before the eyes, while otros hns reference to the question.—iée re: of
B 653.
168. 4 7 pv: it is true indend, correlative with S€ 169, —nebarge
stature ; of. 195. — wai: still.
169. ov é4fadpotew : of Launcolot's ‘running with thy hools,” Shak-
spare Merchant of Venice Ul. 2.10, Cf. 806, A 587,
170. yepapiv: cf 211. Sop BATS, Bardi dvbpl: of, BAT:
171. ywasedy : the genitive is partitive with the superlative idea in Sx,
172-176. Reply to 162-165. —atBotds re Suvds vei revered and drewled.
— $0 devpé: for tho two lengthened ultitnas, noo §§ 82 ¢, 50 h,
273. de: introduces a wish. Cf. af Scere utd. A 415. — &hoder:
see on A 353,— andy: the standing epithet of death, It is contensted
with dJdv. “Would that 1 had choson desth rather.” Helon rarely
misses an opportunity to express penitent consclousuess of her guilt; ¢f.
494, 412. Her penitence always wins indalgonon and aympathy.
17%. Wédapov: marriage chamber; henoe no special mention of her hne
band is needed. —yuroix: brothers. See 236 ff,
175. wala: ie. Hormiona, who afterward married Neoptolemus, son
of Achilles, —danduriqy = abstract expression for dup\ums, companions.
176. 74: therefore; adverbial accusative with rérgam — real; also, marks
cdaiowrn rerun (melt weny in fecrs) as tis expected effect
277, dmipran: followed by two accusatives; ¢f: A 550.
178. otros: “ho of whom you ask.”* —"AspitBne: oft AT.
179. The favorite vers of Alexander the Great, according to Plutarch,
de fortuna Alex. 331 c.—For tho thonght, see A258 and note. — abs
repav: both; with the two parts added in apposition. —Observe the
‘chissmus. § 16 a.
180, aire: on the other hand. —svvémBor=: cf. A 169. ‘Tho genitive
is in apposition with duod implint io gudse See on B20.—e wor iy
5 if ever he was, “if it was not all a dream." Helen spooks with
mournful reccllection of the happier past.
lg
122 COMMENTARY TO THE
182. pdxap: Blesed.—popnyers: child of fortune, Beat by Motpa at
Ais birth. ‘The opposite is found in A 418.—The ancients called this
<rhopalic' verse,—each word being longer by one syllable than the
proceding.
183. 4 bd wo eed: in truth then were subject to thee. The tense has
reference to tho previous poreoption of the numerous throng.
184, xol: also, i.e, a8 well as to other countries. Cf 205,
105. iva: there. — Ppiyas dvipos: closely connected; of Bawtdie dvBpl
170, Whenever dvdpes is added to an ethnic name, the words are nat
separated. Por the ‘diaeresis’ after the third foot, see § 58 £,—elsho
wmidovs: with rwift steeds. Cf. wébag aiddos Txmos T AOL.
186, Otreus and Mygdon were Phrygian kings, According to the later
story, Otreus was brother of Hecuba. Aphrodite in visiting Anchises
introduces herself ax the daughter of Otreus, Mygdon was father of
Corvebus (Cassandra's bridegroom), according to Verg. Aen. il, S41
188. ral: construe with gr. — EdéxOqv: J 1a8 numbered.
189. “Apatiwe: these were thought to live on the east of Phrygia,
‘They carried on a war for booty against the Phrygians, to whose aasist-
ance Priam went. Cf B S14, —dynéapu: of bollatrix audetque
viris concurrere virgo Verg: den i, 499.
190. AAX' of8" of: but not even thee; ive. the Phrygiant of 185,
191. Seirqpov: neater accusative as adverb with epéave, of, 295.
192. ax": for dré, with the accent thrown back after eclision; of. 80.
—révbe: anticipated from the relative clause; soo on B 400.
193. julov piv xrA.: more exactly describing 68c.— xebadgi: as 108.
194, Hear t0 look upon.
196. sertot Se: of. B 430, The syllable preceding Se is not length
ened, as is usual. See on B100,—twemwdetran erigas: comes up to the
ranks, in order to review them. According to another figare, Agamemnon
was moyehy Andy B85,
197. dprng ark: a detailed explanation of xrlAog de.
199. dkyeyavia: for deyeyorvia. See on fdudy A 865.
200, obros §' ab; contrasted with obrds ye 178; of: 220.
20%, dv Shwe: of. B 547.—xpavate: of: ("I6inm) rpyyel” dAX” dyabi
xovpotpébos (nurse of men) «27, scopulos Ithacae, Laértia regne
Verg. Aen, iii. 272, Ithaonm illam in asporrimis soxulis tan-
quam nidutum affixam Cie. de Oral. 1. 44.—wip: an A 352.
204, i pada: yer, in Crush.
205, wal: a8 184, —Seipé wor’ AAvB: sc. before the beginning of open
THIRD BOOK OF THE ILIAD 128
hostilities, in order to demand the restitution of Helen and the treasure,
Sco § 5a. Odyxsons, as the most ready in speech and counsel, was sent
with Menolaus, who had the grontest interest in the decision.
207. ainowa: received hospitably.—pOqea: received at my home,
entertained. Tn this has been found the beginning of a law of nations by
whieh embassies enjoy the rights of guests,
208. dvi: av A115. Cf 210 £— phbear of 219
209. 4x’ bre &4: the same beginning of the verse as 212, 216, 221.—
4 bypondvoew: among the asrembled; cf. 55, "This was on tho occasion
when the Trojans diseussed the demand made hy the embassy, ‘The
poct does not raise the question why Priam did not then make the
acquaintance of Odyssous.
210. révrav: sr, to address the people; of A 58, 08, etc. ‘The geni-
tive is partitive, of Menelans and Odyssous, but is nob unlike a genitive
absolute; se § 19 f, g.—dmeipexew [bmrep-]= “towered above Odywmeus;
of. 168. Cf. umeris extautem Verg. Aen, vi. 068 — Spovy; accusn-
tivo of specification; ¢/: 227.
211. Supe 8! Goudve: i.e. as listeners, ‘Nominative of the whole,” —
almost @ nominative absolute, since only one of the two persons com-
prised is montioned in what follows. ‘The sentence begins as if Obvoveis
a, Murédaos 86 were to follow,—-ypapémpos: of. 170. Menelaus bad
a short trunk but long legs, and appeared shorter only when they were
seated.
212. wiew fhaurov: wore for all, set forth before all.
213. émrpoxaSqy: in-contrast with tho cautious, slow beginning of
Odyssnus.
214. waipa piv: correlative with 08" &dupaproemjs, dAAA pada Acydws
ig shown to be parenthetical by del of woAxnbog, which explains =uijpa.
“Few words but to the point.” “Saying little indeod (although ery
clear, B 246), for ho waa not s man of many words; but saying nothing
which failed to hit the mark." A Spartan king ought to be laconic! —
Cf. et Homerus brevem quidem eum ineunditate ct propriam
(id enim est non deerrare verbis) et carentem supervacuis
eloquentiam Menelao dedit, quac sunt yirtutes generis illius
primi, et ox ore Nestoris dixit dulclorem melle profluere
sermonem [A 249), qua certe delectatione nihil fingi mains
potest: sed summam expressurus in Ulixe focundiam, ot
magnitudinem illi yocis et vim orationis nivibus hibernts
copie Yerborum atque impetu parem tribuit. cum hoo igitur
14 COMMENTARY TO THE hs
nemo mortalium contendet, hunc ut deam homines intue
buntur Quintilian xii. 10, 64 f.
B15, cunt! cven if, although he was younger than Odysseus,
216. dvaifuv: for the optative expressing indefinite fmquency of past
action, cf. 283, See H, 914 n; G. 1431.
BLT. twat Bere: he alwayr looked downs with the more definite state:
ment nord xGovds «TA. —a sign of meditation. Cf non protinus est
crumpendum, sed danda brevis cogitationi mora: mire enim
auditurum dicturi cura delectat et index se ipse componit.
loo praveipit Homerus Ulixis exemplo, quem sbobisse oculia
in terram defixis immotoque sceptro, prinsquam illam @lo-
quentiae procellam effunderet, dicit Quintilian xi 3. 157 £
218. exirrpov: seo on A 24.
219. dermmpis: of. B t4.— Odysseus made no gestury.
220. galns xe: potential of the past, crederes, as 223; Attic dys die
Cf 392, §15 d.— Observe the ¢axyndeton! —{axerov «rk: a sullen, ile
natured Kind of rt fellow. —Séppove ard: a mere simpleton.
221, $y Swa: tho hiatus is merely apparent,
222. See Qui a quoted on 214.—twa: for the length of the
ultima, see § 69 4h. —vbdBerww a7A.: in contrast with 214,
223. ov dy erA.2 “no other mortal could have vied.” —Srara : literally,
afer that. —'Obvets: for the use of the name Instead of a pronoun,
of A240, Obsorve tho repetition of the namo in the same position in
the following verse; of. 480, 452, 434,
224, zdre; refors to dre 221, made more definite by bos tdyres. —Siber
so much us before. They were so moved by his eloquence that they forgot
Lis mousual maanner.—"O6vefes : construe with des.
226. vis + Bpa: as ASB 761, 227, Heyes: of, B ASD,
229, otros: see on 107.—ipxos "Axaudv: 800 on A 24. Cf. obpoe
“Ayauiv © 50, of Nestor ; Zoya réAyos IL 549 prop of the city, of Sarpedou,
‘pillar of state,’ Milton Par. Lost ii. 302.
230. ‘Itomenis: Idomencus is named by Helen without any question of
Priam, Ateight of him she cannot suppress the memory of a bappy past,
and henes the Jonging for her Qrothers, A more mechanieal reason for
the change in the form of question and answer, is thut the repetition of
Priam's inquiry would become monotonous. — Qa &-: equivalent to
Beoutris 10, Oeceixe\e A 181,
231. Fyepilovras; of. B 301. Tho present serves to paint a picture,
232. rodAdxe: generally in Hamer without the final ¢, see § 304.
THIRD BOOK OF THE ILIAD 125
233, taero: for the optative, of: 216, where the iterative aorist ordirxey
in the principal clause corresponds to the aorist with woAAdee in 28°.
235. vay ywolqy: potential optative, Se. if you should ask me, —W:
well, clearly. — wal ve: cf: A 521, — obvopa: ro. the gunitine of the pronoan
from of.
238. atroxacvyrirw: cf: B 706. —nb por xrA.: develops the thought of
the first word of tho verse; of: A 2,—pol: ‘dative of Ukenass’ with ria,
“the same who bore me.” —pimp: ie, Leda, According to the later
story, Clytaemnestra also was Leda’s daughter. Sce on A 113,
239. iemiodqy: of A158, B52.
242. aire: correlative with nev, Soo on B TOS, § 216
242. alexa: insults. — Sabsireg: 2. that they must hear thom. —
buiBea: reproaches. For the use of two nearly synonymous words, of: 2.—
& jor tery: whick are mine, heaped upon me.
243. dry: of B G99 A cuphemism for death. » They were dead
and buried." —duetfoos: lifeyiving, The epithet seems out of place hero,
but is used only in thie connection, — According to this story, both Dios
cuti (Aids KoBpor) were dead, The Inter form of the story mae Castor
mortal, but Polydeuces immortal; but after the death of Castor, Zeus
grantod the prayer of Polydeuces that both brothers should be together
alternately in heaven and in Hades, In post-Homeric times, they became
the patron saints of sailors.
244. Aaxdainon: for the following bintus, se §§ 27 a, 86 a, —ai&:
here follows the word that explains it, —The grave of the Dioscuri was
shown at Therapnan, near Sparta. — dv warpift: obkeree the repatition of
the preposition in this appositive clause, Cf. B 722.
245-313. This continmes the story interrupted at 121.
245. wpa: see 116 f.— dvd Berw: up through Ilion : ef. A 10, — Bev:
ie. those named in 108 #.—¢épor: 4c. fn ordor to take thom to the plain, —
Spee wurrd (6f, 200, B 124): faithful, rrueneorthy pledges of the oath
246. Sore xrA.: in apposition with Sama.—olvor ard; of: “wine that
maketh glad the heart of man,’ Psalm civ. 15. —sxapwiv dpotpne: elsewhere
only of grain.
247, dong xrd.: tho usual means of carrying wine on journey, W
at home was stared in great jars,
249. yipovre: i. Priam, whom they were sent to summon. —wapurrd-
paves: ac, after ascending the tower by the Seaean Gate (149).
250, Spe: observe the following ‘asyndetou.’— Speror: the princes,
6 274.
126 COMMENTARY TO THE
252, répyre: xe. thou and the Achaean princes. — See on 105.
253-255 = 136-198, mutatis mutan:
254, paxfrovrar: will fight. ‘This marks simply the {ature fact.
255, frowro: the imperative is used in the corresponding passnges, 72,
98, 252, because this thought in presented thoro as a demand or condition,
256-258 =T-75, with slight changes,
257, wovras: future; cf. 137, ‘The future is better evited than the
imperative to the lips of the herald.
259. plynow: i.e. Priam feared for his son's life ; cf: 200 ff. —trofpaus :
his attendants, The Wing was nover unattended.
260, triovro: i.e. they hastened to the palace, harnessed the horses,
and brought them to the gate, Priam descended from the tower to
mount the chariot, We miss here the usual epic fullness of detail.
261. & [dvd]: construe with {By.—xerd arA.: ns SL. The reins
were tied to the front rim of the chariot. ‘The king now untied them
and drew them back lowa-d bimnelf.
262. wap Bi ot litorally, at Ais side for him (mép being adverb), i.e. 0
as to stand Beside him. —Blppov= accusative of ‘limit of motion’; ef: 407,
A264.
263. Enaidv: only here as substantive, without wid. See on A 54,
—ixov: held, guided. 264. werd: of. A209.
265. A Gemwv: ise. from their chariot; equivalent to e& dxgwy 29,
266. & pleeov: 500 on 61. —lenyxsuvre: went, as BO
267, Spwwre: arose, hastened to greet the ‘Trojan princes ; of: Jpaeo 250,
— airlid tara: follows the verb,
268. Gy [dvd]: se. Spvvro. —wfpuees: se. of hoth armies; of. 274.
270. pleyor: not like xcpéwrro, but mingled the wine of both parties
to tho Nbation. In solemn sacrifices, the wino was not mixed with water,
hence owovbui xpyro B 341. — Bordatow: for the princes of Trojans and
Achaeans, Observe that no priests are mentioned in this connection,
King David also acted as priest for his nen. — trl xeipas: of. A 449.
272. xelperos: yepi would be more exact,
272. wap woud along by the sheath, —aliv: a8 commander and high
priest of the army, Agaraemnon used this knife often at sacrifloss—
Supro: from deipm, of. dop, sword (hanger), doprip, sword strap,
273. dpvav: as the principal ides, it is placed before xedbxAdwy, which
it Timite, See 108 f.
274, wipav: ac. spiyas. They distrbnted the wool cut from the
victims’ heads as a symbol that all the chiefs present took part in the
THIRD BOOK OF THE ILIAD 127
treaty, swearing by the victims. He who held a lock of wool virtually laid
his hand on the victim's head. This sacrifice was without fire, as wan
most frequent in the case of treaties and reconciliations.
275, Cf. A460,
276. Agamemnon invokes the divinities of the heavens, the
the regions beneath the earth, Cf exto nunc Sol tea’
mihi Terra preeanti,|...et pater omnipotens, et tu Saturnia
coniux, ... tuque inclute Mavors,| .,. fontesque fluviosque,
voce, quacque actheris alti|religio, et quae caeraleo sunt
humina pento Vorg. Aen, xii, 178 ff. —"Ttyler: Zous had a sacred grove
and an altar on Mt, Ida, and ruled thence as god of the country. The
pious soul sought and found the divinity near at hand, especially on
i wibiorre era. :
rth, and
wéve' bopgs nrA-: Helios, accomplishing daily his cours in the heavens,
ia fitted to be a witnens to solemn compacts.
278, werapol: the Trojan river gods (Scamander and Simots), as near
at hand, are invoked as witnesses, A priest (dpynjp) of the Seamander
is joned in E 77 {nat of: construe with rivwrGov. The dual is used
with roferonce to Hades and Persephoue.
279. 6 me: observe the distributive singular, after the pluml—
bpéeey: for the aorist subjunctive, of A 554,
280. pdéprvpo: as A 338, B 302,
202. abris ixéro: let him keep.—reriwara: of. 70.
283. wdydla: the subjunctive expresses the speaker's resolve, not
unlike the ordinary +hortatory’ subjunetive,
284. {arbds: from the color of his hair. Cf A 197,
285. Tpaas wrA.: then shall the Trojans restore, ete, dmodoiva i® par
allel to dxéra, oft B 413,
286, mpgri of. A 150. —fy rar se. drorinduer.
287. wat: also; construe with drcopéourw. —etayren: shall be. This
is strictly a finol clause. —This exemplary penalty was to serve as a prece-
dent in later times and warn men against committing such deeds.
288. Tiplapos xr\.: as A 255.
289. of WAwew: the nogative and yorb form but one idea, are uniill-
ing, refuse. Cf. ob ypateruy A 28.—'Addévbp0w0: probably genitive abso-
lute, although it could be constraed with rysjv.
290. airip: on the olher hand; introduces the apodosie; of. A 183,
si tua re oubit Shia torpent, at tu mea sequere Livy i. 41.
128 COMMENTARY TO THE
291, whos wedpoe: ie, the victory, Sox on B 122. —exyelet of A 20,
292, i: seo on A 21).—eropéxovs: object of dra rie —XeAnwe
equivalent to paixaipav 271.
B94 Ovpod: lise, no A 599. —Bevopdvovy: gives the reason for dowwipor
ras. —plvos: force of: pia 8.
295. dhvoodpevor: drawing (dipping) for themselves. ‘Phe act af dip-
ping and pouring continued until each had poured his libation, Else
where drawing wine was part of the herald’s office. Sew on A 471.
296. age se. out of their cups, upon the ground,
parative, since only two parties are im question»
contrary to the compacts.” Cj. A 67,236, 271.—
srypfveav: intransitive. «Commit an not of hostility." ‘The optative is
used in the subordinate clause, with the optative of wishing in the girin-
cipal clause, to express a mere conception of the mind,
300. BBE ore xrA.: thus may for them, etc. “The personal pronoun is
used instead of the demonstrative, since the protasis has hypothetical
force, CY. B Bt3.— de 85 elves: xymbolical actions were customary in
curses and conjurutions. Cf (fetialis) «si prior defexit pablico
consilio dolo malo, tum illo die, luppiter, populum Roma
num sie ferito ut ego hane poreum hie hodie teriam*...
id ubi dixit, porcum saxo silice percussit Livy 4. 24; (Han-
nibal) eaque ut rata scirent fore agnum Ineva manu dextera
silicem retinens si falloret, lovem ceterosque precatus deos,
ita so mactarent, quem ad modum ipse agnum mactasset,
secundum precationem caput pecudis saxo elisit, ih xxi. 45;
‘Assinks that blood stream in’ the carth, {So may his heart's blood
dronch his hearth,’ Seott Lady of the Lake iii. 1.
B01. abrdv Kal render: the geallive depends on éyatpaAos, although
adi (not odéwy) lias preceded. Thix clause forms an extension of the
original thought. —@doun Sate: “may they be made the slaves of
other yer contains four verses, like the prayers of 820 f.,
851 ff, 360 ff. See on 161 302, Cf B4l9,
308, vows: construe with pend dame, of 90.—AaphavGns: Priam was
in the fifth generation from Dai us (Y 215 ff.), 304 = 86.
305. fvpseway: the epithet is well deserved according to Dr. Schife-
mann, who in his excavations ot Hissurlik was much disturbed by the
constant winds, which drove the dust inte the eyos of the workinen. He
thought that such continual windstorms were known nowhere else on
THIRD BOOK OF THE ILIAD 129
earth. Virchow wrote: «The winds blew aboutus with such force that we
often felt as if our whole settlement might be hurled down the precipice.’
306, Ap: construc with dus —oB wo: inno way, For wa a8 wis, oo
$30 (, —TAfropas: of: rérAnxas A 225. gf A 587. —
Priam fears his son's death, os in 259,.— Vergil imitates in non pugaom
aspicers hanc oculis, non foedera possum Aen. xii, 151.
308, Zeis xrd.: “Zeus doubtless knows, but Ido not."
309. Gavdrow vidos: ‘fatal end,” a periphrasia for Pdivaros. — wempue
pivov doviy: equivalent lo ménpwrus, of: TercAerpivos deriv A 383,
FLO, pres Oro: ac. in order to take back with him the two slaugh-
tered lambs which he had brought. The flesh of the victim sacrificed in
confirmation of an oath was not eaten, since a curse rested upon it, but
was buried. Probably the Achaeans cast their victim into the #a, being
unable to bury it in their own land. Herodotus (ii, 39) says that the
Egyptians would not cat the flesh of a viotim over which a curse hod
been spoken, but were rendy to sell ft to the Grocks. If no foreigners
‘were at hand to buy it, they throw it into the Nile,
B12 f, = 26] F. —aPoave: for the imperfuct, of, pla A 25,
313. Gipoppor: cf. madévopaos 33.— dmovierre: uf. B 113.
315. Buplrpor: they measured off the ground for the combat, and the
distance at which they were to hnrl thelr speara; of. 344, Cf campum
ad certamen magnae sub moenibue urbis|dimensi Rutu-
lique riri Teuorique parabant Verg. Aen, xii, 116 £
B16. xAfpove widdor: “they arranged the casting of lots.” This is
expressed more definitely in 324. ‘The «Aijpx wore bits af wood or stone,
marked with some sign so as to be recognized, ‘The prayer was offered
while the lots were shaken.
317. mpéeter: before, first, Cf. 346, B 359, xpérepos 351. — dein:
optative in indirect discourse, represen the subjunctive of deliberation
in direct discourse. Cy. A 191.—In the single combat of the Seventh
Book, Heotor resents Ajax's offer to allow him to hurl his spear first,
B1B, xing dwioxor: equivalent to yeas douoxdrres, seo § 214. For
the attitude, «fA 450. Ses Vocabulary s.0. yep.
319 = 207.
B21, véSe Tpya: these troubles here,
A 2, — Both armies sven united in wishing the death of Pari«
922, 6és; for Bis with the infinitive in prayers, of 351. —deropOlpever
Sivas : equivalent to dedpOioGat ori Siow. For the fullness of expression,
of. M88.
180 COMMENTARY TO THE
825, AY Spéev: with averted face, in order to escape the suspicion of
favoring his brother. —a& Spower: the lot was not drawn, but cast, thrown
oul.
326, of pv: ir, Trojans and Achacans, who had stood during the
sacrifice, Perhaps they had not been seated befere (cf 78, 84, 118 £201, —
250, 267), although they long ago had dismounted from their chariots and
wid their armor upon the ground. —xard evixas: according to ranks, én
ranks.
327. txaro: grammatically and in sense construed only with regen,
although nejue often is the passive of riPyu. For the ‘zeugma,’ of. mpos
Biya A533.
328. dy! Spouny: standing expression in the cue of the princlpal
parts of the warrior equipment, sword (as 381) and shield. — &Sbeere:
Paris bad entered the conflict as a lightarmed warrior; ¢f- 17.
830, ‘The poot presonts a picture of the preparutiona for battle, ‘The
complete armament of the Homeric warrior consisted in the six pieces
here enumerated, which are always mentioned in the same order before an
important conflict, with the occasional exception of the culrass,
331, adhe: for the order of words, se § 11 j.
983. olo xoeryvhrow: se. since he himself had appeared without a
enirass.—Avedoves: Lycnon had been eaptured by Achilles and sold as a
slave to the king of Lemnos, Belug ransomed thence, he returned to
‘Troy a wook before the ovonts narrated in this book; but twelve days
after his return, he met Achilles again and was slain by him (@ 84 ff), —
fippors 8 airp: but he fitted it to himself; he changed the length of the
straps, buckling it to suit his own form. 334= BAS.
335, xéAnov: prominence is given to an epithet of the whole sword,
after the decoration of the hilt has been mentioned in dpyypdn\ov —=
eréxos : the strap whieh aided the arm in supporting the heavy shield wax
thrown over the left shoulder, ‘Thus the shield was taken up before the
plomed helmet was donned.
336, xvvinv: originally a head covering of dogkin, Unen helmet,
937. Wwrovpw: cf inmodaceys 300, vere caput fulgens, cristaqua
hirsutus equina Verg. Aen, x, 869.—Bardv: cognate accusative, adverb
with deven, of 342.
339. iy 5 abrog: and thus in like manner. § 42 &.—Mewidaos: Meno-
Jaus came forth to battle equipped with armor (2), but put it off as the
reat did at 114. —épiwos: a short form of dpyididos Cf 21,— Tene:
equivalent to redya, chiefly of defensive armor.
THIRD BOOK OF THE ILIAD 131
940. tedreptey Syihovi on either side of the throng, hoth ‘Trojans and
a Ench combatant was in the rear of his own force.
= 200. 344. Broperpyrd: of: 315,
aor woriovrs: subordinate to aedorre. , 346. wpéote: ns 317.
347. Cf. 350.—wdveoe” Kany: a standing formula at the clow of the
verse. Probably it does not imply that the shield was actually circular, in
which case it must have been small, —but rather that it was symmetrical,
well balanced,
B48. obBE : Dut nol. — Ippnger: rake through tho shield. —xadwde: the
bronze point of the lance ; ¢f: yadag, below.— ol: refers to
249, Gpwvre xadeo: arene with his lance, “raised himself to hurl his
lance.” Cf. dvacydueor 352, altior exurgens Vorg. Aen. xi. 697,
corpore toto | alte sublatum consurgit Turnus in ensem,
at porfidus ensis | frangitur ib. xii. 728 ff.
350. bengdyevee: «uttering a prayer as he diil so.”
951. Zed dva: the yocntive form dea is found in Homer only in this
phrase; elsewhere, dung, as B 254, 434. — 8s rlrarGa. 6 xr. + equivalent
to bés wo rlowrGus Totruy bs xX. The relative clause 3 pe wrA. represents
a noun as the object of sZoualas.—sxpérapor: cf 200.
352, Blov: a standing epithet, denoting nobility of descent and beauty,
Ibis here wsed without any apecial reference to the circanatances of the case,
Cf. AT. These ‘ornamental epithets’ are sometimes put into the
mouth of w fov.—"ANfavfpor: is the object of réaugéu. This makes the
preceding relative clause more parenthetical than if this proper name had
aon attracted to the construction of the relative clause, aa Aandieqy 124.
col... Sapiras: a more definite expression of the thought of riaaéan,
353. we: many a ono; cf. B2T1.—xal; as 257.
354. 6 ew erd.: explains favoddeur.— gudsenra: hospitality ; of. 207,
355, dymerahdv: ic. drawing buck for the throw. Cy. adducto con-
tortum hastile lacerto | immittit Verg. Aen. xi. 561 f.
956. Cf. 347,
357. &4: with long « at the beginning of the vers. —danvae: th
outer layer of the shield was a plate of brome.
359, dveupis: construc closely with what follows,
360. Faris herv acoms to have hud no breastplate.
362. dvanxdpares: sc, in order to give a heavier blow; cf. 349,—augh
adr@: construe with duarpudey, about itself, i4. about the didog.
itative; me § 13 b.—re amt; of, A 128,
B 346. — Braxpudiv: of. Vorg. Aen. xii. 730, quoted om 349.
5
182 COMMENTARY TO THE
365. cxto ddodrepos: Zeus éeivos, the guardian of hospitality, had not
avenged the privileges that Paris had abused.—Such repronches of the
divinity are uttered only in outbreaks of vexation. €/- B11,
266. Uduny xrA. ; of: B37. —Kexérqres; for the wrong which he did m9;
cuusal genitive.
367. viv &: sce on A $54,—Byq: from dye. —te: with Hq.
368. éréoey: prodicate nominative. —oi6t Séyarea: marks the rosult
of both preceding clauses.
369. xdpulos : for the genitive, of. davod 286, yorvuw A G00.
370. hws wrA.: “he soized Paris by the helmet, turned him about, and
strove to draw him into the midst of the Achaeans.” Of course the
holmet-strap ({uds) under the chiu of Paris choked the woarer.
372. This verse explains tod Bapjv.— iw dvdepedvos: as A 501.
axebs: 8 holder ; predicate with ds.
375. 4: in the rapid narration, the relative construction $ used herd
where a new sentence would be expected, Or this # may be called demone
strative, with no conjunction to connect it with the preceding verse. —
Ue eropévore: such leather would bo stronger than that from a diseased
animal, Por the aorist middle used os passive, see $50 d,
376. spupddaa: tho following hiatus is justified, as falling at the
feminine caesura of the third foot; ses § 27 b.— 6 tewero xrh.z Le. it
remained in his hand.
378. fof tmbwheas: i.e. he swung the holmet before he threw it. Of.
Tennyson's Morte d'Ariiur, ‘eluteh'd the sword, | And strongly wheel'd
and throw it.’ —xépuraw: of: B 875; ec. as mpail of the vietory.
379. 8 Gy: for the hiatus, of A 339.
380. %yxe xrd.2 emphatic ut the beginning of the yerse and the elowe
‘of the sentence; of: BéAre A Construe with érdpavere — iffjprage: the
poct recognizes no chance rescue; of: A 8,
+ “easily, a8 only a god can,” — dedAupe &: “and made
AB cloe: of: auifluroy G8, — bv Badsyy in dis chamber ; of: 801.
383. waddowra: futtire participle, expressing purpose.
384. Tpeal: i.c, women who had come to view the combat as 420; see
on 149,
306. wiv: construe with mporéare, of: 389. For the quantity, before
fm lost consonant, sce § 59 j. —wahoryerd: the adjective strengthons the
noun, —pordenw: always used of words that follow immediately, or
separated frou them only by « parenthetical clause,
THIRD BOOK OF THE ILIAD 133
387. dlpoxsne: explained by the following clause.
388. fexav: co-tracted from jaxeey.—pédurra xrd,: the relative con-
struction is abandoned ; ¢f. A 79, 142,— This shows why Aphrodite took
the farm of this old woman. —quAdereay: sc. “EAdy.
989. rim ard: of B22, 705. 390. Beg OM: of, 130.
391. riives: used much like a demonstrative adverb, there. —B ye: is hes
392. ob6¢ we Gains: nor woulid you think. Not ws 220.
393, Avbpt paxnodperov: equivalent to & pdxys. — xopérbe: at the clone
of the verse in contrast with payyrdpevov.
994. Epxerbas: “ready to go to the dance,” so beautiful aud vigorous
is he. —woy xrA.: de. he is in ag meery a humor as if he had just enjoyed
adance, ‘The participle has the principal thought.
395. Cf. B 142, —Ovpdy Spevev : aroused! her anger by the mggestion.
396 f. wat pa: and so. This Ad is resumed by the dpa of the apodosis
(398), —tupiy orien xrA.: these parts wore unchanged by the trausfor
mation (386-380); tho divinitics retained their characteristios even under
disguise, except when they desired to make themselves entirely unrecog-
nimble by mortals — All but Helen saw in Aphrodite only the old
woman.
390, OdpPyew: cf A 109. Wonder mingled with dread came over
Helen, fearing come new deview of Aphrodite, who had alruady led her far
from her Spartan home. She does not beliere that Paris has been carried
home in safety.— troy xrA.: os A961,
399, Bapoviq: cruel divinity. Cf. B 190,—rabra: cognate accusative
with jreporeiay, which takes yd as direct object, “To trick me with there
doogite."” Cf. voir tas eararqom Xen. An, v. 7. 6.
400. : surely; with mooking irony. — sperdpw: still farther from Laco-
daemon, —weNtev: construe with rj, —“ into any one of these citie
or in a loose local sense, Seo H. 757; G. 1099,
401. Spvyins: construe with rohlon,
402. Kal m0: there also, Just as Paris in Hiow,
403. ofvoxn 64 vov: this introduces sarcastically the reason for the con-
Jecture of 400 f. “Since now, as it seems, I cannot remain longer with
your favorite Paris.” 404. orvyipiiy: #00 on 173.
405. rotveca 6 «rA.: again asarcastic tone, For the repetition of the
cauval particle, of A110. ‘This clause is closely connected with the causal
relative sentence, as is shown by the repetition of the particles 3) vvv.
‘Thus the thought returns to 390, —Sekodporiew: fc. it pretending that
Paris summons her (300).
134 COMMENTARY TO THE
406, mop! airdy: by himaclf; contrasted with Sdipo 405. “Leave mo
alone.” ‘The tasyndeton’ marks Holen’s excitement. — Gav «rh: abanden
the path of the gods, “give up thine imortality.” The expression Is sug-
gested by the following vorne, which was already before her mind.
407. “Odvprov: the «limit of motion.”
408, mpl matvov: about Aim, at Ais side.— Site: endure woe, “Dene all
the troubles of human lifo.""—4 @iAaees: watch him; se. that he does not
‘escape thee or prove unfaithful to thee.
409, wovieerss; norint subjanctive with de 3 xq cf BI2.— Bye: oh.
Afi. For its position in the second member of the sentence, as B OB4, of,
wOMA 8' 5 7’ & aévrw rdby dAya a 4, nuno dextra ingeminans
ictus, nunc ille simistra Vorg. Aen. v. 457.
410. veeroyrdy crh. ; parenthetical. —wperonréy: of: 150, B 223,
411. mivov: indicates conterapt or abhorrence, — Bi: the clause is
causal in effect.
412. pupfeovrm: cc. if I give myself to this frivolous coward after
the decision by the duel. The future is used (more definite than the
potential optative) although the supposition at the basis of this expectae
tion is nogatived (ot due 410).— ie wrA-: “and yet T have already,” eto.
413. xorweapivm: fulling into a rage; cf. dxOpous A SIT. ‘The middle
docs not differ greatly from the passive. Cf. xohwOels A0; soe § 50d.
ALG. oxerAiq: diayllable: § 25 a —padetw: for tho subjunctive, of A 28,
415. vov: fil’ now, opposed to the future, —tewayAa; cf: alvtis 1586
—$0qea: came fo love you, “bestowed my love upon you,
416. dudoriper: explained by Tpsiuw x2 Aavaiiy.— pyrleopas: norist
subjunctive, still dependent on jaxj.—éx@ea Avypd: gricoour hate, which
would bo destructive to Helon.— Cf Alla (ie. Melon) sth! infostos
eversa ob Pergama Teucros|et poenas Donaum, ob doserti
coniugis iras, | praemetnens Verg. Aen. ii, STL Mf.
417. o® Bi... Aga: an independent addition, as ix shown by réy,
in onder to explain the effect of %Gea Avypd. For the subjunctive with
iy, of. A 187. —olro: cognate accusative,
410. tae: of A 33, Helen yields only after the sternest threat,
420; Tpude: see on $84. — Adley: ee, Saou, ax she departed with her
two maids (cf: 148, 422), — Helen, in her shame, veiled herself silently,
and followed the goddess without attracting attention. — fpxe: as A 495,
—Salnwv: nowhere else in Homer of a definite divinity,
421. Béuov: on the citadel, near the dwellings of Priam and Heotor.
422, duplmodor: i.¢. the two who had accompanied her (143),
THIRD BOOK OF THE ILIAD 185
423. xi: se. following Aphrodite ; ef: 420.
424. 15: for her, — Boden: prior in time to wartOyne dépovew. Observe
the distinction betwoen the aorist and presont participles,
425. dvri’ ‘AdédvGpoio: according to 891, Alexander wax on the bed,
but this is disregarded in the following narration; of: dpye Adore Kudy
447.— 0d: this is added to give prominence to hor condescension in por-
forming a maid’s duties, —¢ipovea: for the participle, see.on tov A 138,
426. novpn Avis: generally of Athena, Cf. xovpyv Bpurjos A 392,
427. widw: back, away from Paris, here as a sign of displeasure,
Cf. talin dicentem iamdudum aversa tuctur Verg. Aen. iv. 362,
428. Ave: an exclamation. She rproaches him for his return; ¢f,
Bas.
429, Boyale: with dative of the agent, as 301. —wpérqpor: of. 140,
430. § piv 8h wrA.: truly thou wast wont to boast; with mocking disdain.
431. ¢f: addod with emphasis, oa B 104.
432. 4AX’ th viv: an fronieal exhortation. ‘The following *aayndeton’
is usual, = wponddaowes : challenge, call forth to mect thee; middle, as in 18.—=
MevAaov: observe the emphatic repetition of the name with the same
epithet, in the same position in the verse as in 480. Cf, 228.
493. 4\\4 xrA.: Helen now speaks in earnest. —ayé yw: of: A 173.
«Bus [advise you.
434, walerOu; come forever. Prewond
explain this injunotion.— gawd}: of. 254.
435. dyrifioy: for the construction, ef: B 121, 452.— adder: for the
cognate accusative, of, B 788.
436. jf wus rexe : lest in some way, soon, —~ im" aiwod Sovpl > dy the spear
of this very man. For the dative with bré, ¢f. B 860.
437. pow: construe with mporduwer
438. Ovdv: in partitive apposition with pd, “my heart.” Cf 85, 442,
A362,
439. piv yip: always in this order; never yiip én. —adw ‘Ady: by
the aid of Athena, This disninishes the personal credit of Menelaus for his
suctoss.
440. admis: ay A140. — aya: se. weetjow.—wapd let: nore frequent
in this sense is mupirracSas,—‘yiv: i.e. with Paris and bis countrymen,
441. sivafivre: in the English Idiom this would be in the same eon
struction as rpameouw. Cf. B 113; se $21 i
442. bbe: 40 completely, sc. we now (446). Cf. B S02. — pos Spires
Sudecduper: of A103,
nitives are used also to
136 COMMENTARY
443. 058" bre: not even then when.
444, Fehor dy weows: was on the voyage.”
445. Kpowin: perhaps this name waa invented for the situation; of
201; at least the ancients were completely at a loss concerning il, Strabo
thought that this was the small island Helena which lies between Attion
and Coos: others thonght tt to be Cythera (the modern Cerigo), south
of Sparta, from which Aphrodite received her epithet Cytherem. Tn the
scoond century of our ora, with referenoe to this passage, the name Kpavdy
was given to a small island in the Laconjan gulf.
446, dn: refern to bbe 442
447. Bpxe: made the beginning, began ; with a supplementary participle,
ndv, as B378,—dwero: the fear of Aphrodite's anger had ita effect, in
spite of 428 ff.—The whole scene, from 382, characterizes the sensual
frivolity of Paris.
448, v3 piv Bpa: 40 these tio,
$49, The story returns to the point whare Aphrodite interposed (380)-—
4y Syidov: #0. Tpciwv, — Oypt tours: like to w wild beast in fury,
450. «t wov doalphroav: if he but might catch sight of him somewhere.
For the optative, so H. 907; G. 1420. — Sabla: for the ‘synizels,”
of. 27.
451. 06 ne Bivero fata: the logical proof of this statement is given
below. “Thay would have pointed him out, if they could.”
452. rin: ie. whon he sought him,
453. “They did not conceal him through love (¢f: 321 ff.), nor would
thoy have concealed him if any one had seen him,"
454. sept: dative of likeness with Toor, which ix a cognate nooumative
far on its way to become an adverb, For the comparison, of: A 298.
—pahalvy: ef. morti atruo Hor. Carm. i. 28. 14, post equitom sedet
atra cura i. Hi. 1, 40.
455, nal: also; @ standing expression, referring to previous speakers,
456. Cf. 86.
457. 8h: as you sce, surely. —datveras : lelongs evidently,
458. “Apyciqv: as B 101. CY. ornatus Argivac Helonae Vorg.
Aen, 4, 050.
459, wophy are of 288.
4EL. deh ror: of: Erevbijuqray A 22.—'The poet does not tell how
Hootor and the other ‘Trojans received thie demand, but implics that they
allowed it to be just,— For the conclusion of the episode, ace § 6 d.
FOURTH ROOK OF THE IMIAD 137
FOURTH BOOK OP THE ILIAD
The Fourth Book opens with » Council of the Gods in the great hall of
Zeus on Olympus, These have watched what has been done on the Trojan
plain, and récognize the fact that Menelaus hax won the vietory. Zeus
Proposes that the provisions of the treaty be carried into effect, — that the
Achaeans withdraw to their homes, taking with them Helen and har
treasures. But Hers and Athena cannot consent to any peace which
‘would Ieavo unsncked the hated city of Troy, and they instigate a Lycinn
archer, a Trojan ally, to break the trace by wounding Menelaus. ‘Then
the strife hegins anew. Curiously enough, the promise which was made to
‘Thotis on the preceding evening is not mentioned.
1. bet: in apposition with of. —#yopdavre: se. during the events nar-
vated in. 2, xpvot: maon A426. 3, dgvoysn: seo on A 505.
B. adrian: ac. after T 456-400. — dpeOtduey: ac, by the proposal of 18 f.
Gf. Zeus teasingly compares Aphrodite's constant eare af Paris with
the noglect of Monolaus by Hera and Athena.
7. ply: correlative with aire 10, 9. words: vc. MereAdou,
LA. aired: ablatival; § 19 a.
12. ‘eal vov: of A 109.— disavow: Le. expecting.
14, Eres crA, : of. B 262, — Zeus knows what answer to expect.
BB ES wispy orks: § 13.d-— fprepen arist enbfanptive:
. £ [74 Potential optative without dy. § 18 t.—
Hyeire: of: 1.75; 404, —tehinkant ae, at his words.
21 f. wAnetar: se. to each other. —¥ ror: correlative with &€ 24.
23 f. xédoxarh.: parenthetical; § 21 d.—yxédox: sco on A 81.—"Hpp:
26, wévov: oxplained by the following verses.
27. ty: § 59 J. — napérny erd.: parenthetical.
BEE. Aedy! voldidry. werd : on wjjya I 50. — tees on Budde A 52,
BO=A SIT, BL. of, eaxd ptovew: H. 725; G. 1073.— Mplapos
ard. of A 2 32, Bre: an A OH, 33, Of. A 120, B 138,
35. Gpdv: “alive.” CY Poalm xxvii, 2, Job xxxi 31, Xen. Au, iv. 8, 14,
37 f. + Asyndeton'; § 15. —eol cal dol: empliatic ity, 39= A 297.
41 f. viv: in apposition with wédw. Seo $11 j, — ivr of. A185,
43 f. Séea: of an act Jost prording. —al: ite antecedent in rdwy 46.
49. ots arA-; explains Surds.—ré: abtenctd to the number of
50 = A 551,
al
188 COMMENTARY TO THE
52, vptts: oxplainod by 52.—pév: correlative with ddd 57,
53. Biam(prai: infinitive as imperative.
5417. apsc0" Corapor: cf A B7.— ef-mp: with subjunctive; of A Bl.
—oite: of. F289, —dviw: probably future. — piprpor: of. A 281, 545
57, dudv: made emphatle by the following pause; § 11 h,—évor: of:
26M, 58. CY. ot mi gonus ab Jove summo Vorg, Aen, vi, 123.
They had the same lineage,
60 £. dubdripor: of. T170.— Cf. Verg. Aen. i. 46 £.— lchquan: of
T138. 62. piv: correlative with 3 64. — dwoslfopev: norist subjunctive,
63 £. col piv xrA.: ‘chiasmus'; $10 a. —"AGyvaly: see on wpb fixe
A105, 67, wpérepos xrA.: of. 200.
68 f. 008" Amttqee: sew on B SOT. — warhp er. of. A 503.—adrixa: 8
A530. 70. werd xrh.: cf A222. This explains & orpardy.
73. tag elmav: by those words,” saying thie,
74 =B 107. Athena's third descent during the action of the Ziad,
75. olov: predicate with dovéex. “Like the star whioh Zeus sends.” —
deripa: i.e, 2 metworite. — fue: gnomic esa gus
76. répas: predicate, az a portent. 7. Nawmpdv: see on olAomdvyy A 2,
18 £. re) ie. dorépy of rir seis, TBO, — Odpfos rer. : ofr
Pa2i Bsl=Be7l. 82. CSL. — BS. widow: of Oyeey AD
84, drépdmwr: limits rapins modquowo.
87, Accbéew: in apposition with dvépé 86.—alxynrg: in apposition
with Auodixy,
88. rev: of. 450, — Athena searches like any mortal for the man.
—Cf. Pandare, qui quondam iussus confundere foedus|in
medios telum toraisti primus Achivon Verg, den. v. 108 f
soit, C¢/ Boot Fi without conjunction, ¢f: 327, E169, 358.
—dydt: sc. dovacay. — dadv: in apposition with domordew, — Pandarus
alone sav the goddess in human form seo on 1 396 f
93. An independent introduction. Verse 94 repeats the thought clearly,
95. Tpiews: for the dative, sce on B28, (Or, it may be the agent)
97 ff, roO: construe with wipa. § 5h ¢ B,—at xrA.: equivalent to
2iy MaOuos Baa Suy0j. A picturesque paraphrase for death.—o@
Pde «rA.+ is parenthetical ; Snare precedes the action of émeBdvra.
100 f. MewAdov: for the genitive, see H. 789; G. 1009, —Arérdon:
patron god of Lycis, and god of the bow.
102. wpwroysvur: of. Dent, xv. 19.
103. otkoBe: explained by the second ‘hemistich.’— @eri: see on BEM.
104 £. rH) §:19 A. — adrlna: of. 5.—devra: vc. from its cane.
FOURTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD 189
106. dyplov: on Aadw 91.—Bv: object of BeBAyea. 107 ix parenthetical.
‘108. Srnos; predicate. 109. rod: construe with xepudjs.—wepi-
wav: had grown, were.
UNO L. fpape: sc. ANA. — wiv: ive. rOgov, of Td pv, below.
122 f, worl yolq: of. A245. —spéeley wrA.: sc. in order that the uct
of Pandarus might be unnoticed. — 8: “ while.’
115. BMjoGar: as passive, See § 50 d,
U6. Cf dixit ot aurata volucrem sagittam | deprompait
pharetra cornuque tetendit Verg. Aen. xi. 858 £.
123 f. Mark the ‘chiasmus'; § 16 4,—The archer often knelt or
crouched to shoot.—When the bowstring is drawn back to the breast,
the iron arrow point is brought near to the bow. Cf et duxit longe,
doneo curvata ooirent | inter «0 capita ot manibus iam tan-
geret acquis, |Jacra aciem ferri, dextra nervoque papillam. |
éxtemplo teli stridorem Verg. Aen. xi. 860. ff.—Only one other
instance of the nse of iron for arms Ix found in Homer; that is ap iron
mace (H 141), —nvehorpés: predicate.
125. Double ‘chinsmus.’ Bude and vevpp, layey and ddro receive
prominence from the onder. —Atyge: of. A 49. The verse is thought to
echo the sound of the bow. Cf. 601, — dro: see on A 53,
127. Apostrophe to Menelans, § 16 7. oy: conatrae with AddBorro,
129. xpécte: of: St. —erdea: taking her stand, — Béog: of. A 51.
130 ff. réeov: oxplained by 132 £, ive. a little. — a See: as P93.
With subjanetivy, as 141, B Seo H. 14 wh; G. 1438, —waibée:
fiom her child.—Mieras; aorist subjunctive; of A 80; sc, waits, — 80:
of T lds.
yas f. Of Pasi t.
137. pcos dxdvrey : foo on A 284,
139, gourds: atrod. 140 f. Cf. Indum sangutneo velutl viola
yerit ostro | si quis ebar Vorg, dow, xil. 67. Cf. ‘Here Iny Duncan:
His silver skin lno"d with his golden blood,” Shakspers, Macbeth ii. 3. 118;
«Sobrab loos'd | His belt, and near the shoulder bar'd his arm, | And shew'd
sign in faint vermilion points | Prick'd: asncunning workman, in Pekin, |
Pricks with vermilion some clear porcelain vase, | An emperor's gift — at
early morn he paints { And all day long, and when night comes the lamp |
Lights up his studious forehead and thin hands:— | So delicately prick’d
the sign appear'd | On Sobrub's arm,' Matthew Arnold Svhral ond Rustum,
142, wapiiov: Attic did\apa.—Cemew: equivalent to frmeuov.
145. dppordpov: of T 179,—* Chiasinus” here again.
40 COMMENTARY TO THE
147. twinpler: contrasts edupd with xvjpa. The wound must linve
been in front, not on the side, xinee both thighs ane stained.
148. flynow; of F260,
151 f. vetpoy: the thong which bound the artow point to the shaft, —
derds: se. dreadijs. — dboppovs of: T 313, bub hers adverbial,
153. rolg: jue. Menclaus and those about him, — apt ‘ mooon péya A 7S,
156 ff. xapés: on A 324.—sarlyere: for the length of the ultima,
800 § 501, —Odvarow: prodicate; ¢/: ami 25, “The truce wus denth to thee”
—frapvev: see on B 124, —olov: agrees with ad, object of wpooryoas.
157 f. cord & whrqeov: Attic murusurfowres. —mord: a standing
epithot of pau, even when broken.—@uov: predicate. 159= B S41,
—ik: construe with tad, —8e: 6 on
—siv peyide: explained by the following,
Aina: gnomic, “The breach of faith will surely be panished.”
‘The mills of the gods grind slowly."
163 f.=Z 417 £.—rébe: refers to tho following sentence, — a\ehq i
; 166. el; for the dative after éné cf: Merely 4.
167. tmeevigew : for the mode, of. Topas A 2 ly(Ba : On BART.
168 f. dmirys : see on ebywhys A O5.— bon wld: grief for thee.
170. For the fullness of expression, seo on ASS. 171, Cf. BLS.
173 f. Of. B 160. —Alwoymv “Eddy : this really gives the cause for
BAdyuuaros betieqe TA.
177 f. dmbpsonuy: sc. in mockery. —xédov xrA.: of. 24.
179 f. 6dov: of. 168. —nol 6: of A 101. — olxdvée: see on 108. *
181 f. ew muvjew erAt ie, without Holon and the spoils of war, and
loss. — advo: fe. awallow me,
Cf, mibj tellus peius ima dehiscat Very. den. iv 2
184 f. 6 [moc] : at all, a8 P 306, —swépowdy : loval.
189. Note the sponders.
191. wateges: v0. ‘SBuvien
192. : he spoke. See on A 219
196, evwivas: nearly equivalent to dur
197. Awww: iz, the principal Trojan alli rp! se. Bader,
1 of BAT. — wand Kady : of. 126, 200, ard expardy A 818,
, 20% CAT 250, 205-207 = 195-107.
Pr 306. 209. dvd eri: of. A 484.
F145, —# Where waa the wounded Menolaus."*
Machaon, — 84: of. 161, —waplerare: of: ruption,
with hea
of. B07, 505.
—ttov: so on A 334,
voter: of. B18.
FOURTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD 141
218 f. Cf. 186 f.
BUT H. Gamers: of, 134, — bel: adverb with wimoe —athbe: “skilfully.”
—ot; ethical. — Qa xrA.: sve on A 73.
221 ff. dnt: construe with FAvbov, of, A A75.—et: ve. “Ayniol — nord:
construe with uv. =
226 f. Gewovs ply: correlative with abrép 5281. —obs ply: repeats the
ar from 226, — purvéevras = snorting in their impatience,
229, wWoAAG: Gf: A 35. —mapurxduy: sc, Eous «al Spuara. The chariot
was used for transportation from one part of the ficld to another, — not for
actual fighting.
231 f. brewwhairo ard. i cf. I 196,—plv; correlative with ab 240.—ewi-
Sevres: made emphatic by the verse-pauso. — ter: for optative, ef; B 188,
234. wb: as 184.—dAdnqe: ablatival genitive of separation,
236. Cf. 0) 287, «Their bodies will lie unburied.” Of, Ad.
238. fyute: contrasted with yomee 257, ns AAdyous iv with abray.
c. ws cuptives. See on A 1.
242. Deyxien; of. B 236,
|. rig": rf more. —dorgre : as this stands, it is perfeot. Zeryre?
244. alte erA.: of. T4.— nodes: broad. —wiblow: see an R75.
247, Sarcastic. —i@a erd.: tho clause is hore equivalent to vyaw.
248. eémpyavor: the sterns were murs prominent in the camp than the
prows, 261-421. Five divisions of the Achaean army are enumerated.
f B At,
. was busy.
jepheoorre: ac, whin he reached ther,
aut: for the comparison, se B 480,
wednclourve: see on A 539.
after wepi ria, of. A 258,
258 {. “Both in action and in council." — Bart: son § 28 «.
2601. Kiperras: for the mode, ore on A 80,—at mp: of. A Sl.
262 f. Gf: as 161, —sAdiov: full. —welav: for infinitive, of: syerties A 8,
264. olog: i.e. as brave as.—ipoe: with present. Cf. A 55%, —etxem
aver: aor on A M1.
266 {. Ipinpos : of. E47, —rd xprov: on A 6. —iomderrmy exh: of, AGLI
269. gov: construe with dyevar,— yt: emphasizes the whole clauce.
270. Tpaes : for position, of. Zodc 28. 271. Of. 246.
272-291 The Ajaxes. 272. wfp: on Add. 273. Cy. 251.
hie snggesta the following comparison. €/- «clond of
Withee,’ — Se bre: of. 190, P88, B 200, — atethos: tho geatherd ix not
needed for the comparison, but he and his flocks enliven the acsne. § 14a.
142 COMMENTARY TO THE
278. gaiver’; aera, § 28 a
280. rola: rofers to dr 275; predicate. “So dark and threatening.”
282. mpi: cf. ‘Bristled with upright beams innumerable | Of
rigid spears, and helmets thronged, and shields,’ Milton Par. Low vi.
82 f.; thorrent arma,’ i. il. 13.
204, ehlas: monosyllable; § 26; of: B TOL.
286. wax: object of érpviner, 287. admis of yourselves.
288-291. Cy. B 871-374.
289, wiew: masculine, not nouters ¢f. rg 101.
292-325. III. Nestor. 293. iva: particle of transition.
299. tpnos: cf: A 264.
301 f. temeiow piv has no corrulative wefote 6. —axduer: cheek.
303, Transition to «direct discourse,’ without the usual introduction.
304. mpéof SXAwv: dc. as mpdyayos. The warriors while on their
chariots could not safely hurt their spears, lost they could not recover
them.
305, “ Remain together
306. amd Sylar: nearly ¢
por’ DAwy
310. roMpov: genitive, as roguv LOG. SLL Cf. 2 312=B7.
314, yoivara: the seat of bodily vigor. These weaken in time of fear.
B15, spider: of: AALS. 316. ixav: xc. ypas as object,
319, Ss: modifies duev [evar]; equivalent to rolos, See on ple
A 416,—'EpeOadlora: tho story is told at full longth in H 192 ff
320 f. wévra: 0, dyabi.—at: 206 on A 280, —vov abner wee on A237.
—émétu ; virtually equivalent to reo, above. Non omnia possumas
omnes,
322. wal Se; “ ulthough old,” 323. v6: of. 49,
damabvérepor: sc. if you fail to obey.
uivalent lo ols dyérow. Contrasted with
824. of mp: nearly oquivalont to since they
326-363. IV. Monestheus and Odyssens,
a7 f, Cf 804. 329. 'Obwevls: in apposition with bs
330 f. wdp: construe with Zrraray.—ediv: for the dative, sae § 19 he
332. wor: as A ddl. 334. drive: of. BTM
MeveAdou 100. — Spfeav: for phural, ¢f:
996. Cf 241,265. 337=284, 938, wi: for the ultinia, of, 155.
339. For the + alliteration’ of x, sae § 13 a, — wepBadesdpov: of. A 149.
B40 f. Abterare: ac. puixys.— ple dedowne: contrasted with viv S47.—
dérras: for tho accusative, in spite af egw, se on A 541,
FOURTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD 148
343, «You aro always roady to liston to an invitation to a feast.”
345. 0a: predicata. See on A 107,—aerahfa: of A 405 f.
847. viv Wi: opposed to B41 fa ard-: object of dpdyre
349. Cf ALIS.
350-355, Speech of Odysseus, in six lines like that of Agamemnon in
856-303. 350, ‘Ihotorical question,’ Cf. A 642.
S51 f. woNpowe pibuev: 2c, iyuiis, Cf, 234. —Ark: against, upon. —
Upipoper xrAe: of B 410. —dytpomer: for the subjunctive, of. A 164.
353 ff. «1 shall fight bravely.” — Twrspdxowo xr. ef B 200. —peybrra :
‘inceptive’ aorist,—dvpédia: predicate.
357. xwopivow: supplementary participle, For tho genitive, of B48.
358 = B 173,
962. “We will make all this right hereafter." Cf. al fin.
363. ra Sic ve. harsh words, 364-418. V. Diomed and Sthenelus
366= 202, 865 f. Cf. 801, B27
366. Umno: xrA.: form ono thought.
367. mép: sc, us chariotwer, 368, Cif. 336, —rav: ive. Diomed.
370. C/. B28,
372. tov fev: equivalent to Hdaver. mrwornagduer is subject,
374. Govro: for the voice, see § 50 a,— worrdpevor: i.e. in batle.
375. wept: construe with -yerérAm.
376. frp woMpov: explained by fevos.
377. fetes: cer a friend. — dyelpww : of. 28; ac. for the expedition against
‘Thebes.
378. of: ‘ydeus and Polynices, —derparéavro: of. I 187.
379, pada: for longth of ultima, ¢f: A904.
380. of: Le. Mycenaeans.
9B. Erpape = fie. dissunded.—wapalera xrA.: of. BIS},
382, of: a return to of of ps: uclverh.— 8806 : looal genitive,
383 f. For the story, cf. E602 ff. —The invaders halted at the river
arid cont an embawsy to the town. —éypAlqv: predicate, ar ambasnador j
of T 206. —éet: construe with erdday, i.e. to Thebes. —Tv84: Trbéa,
387 f, {ives KrA: stranger though he was. —Kofpelowr : equivalent to
KaSpeianns 386. Cf. Aaphivos and AopBaviaver,
909. & ye= resumes 5 385.—mpoxadtfero: of. PT 19.—mdvra: neuter,
“in all contests,” fc. events," wrestling, ete. Cf B O43. —dvbnn: soa vicion.
391. Xedwedpaar: sv. because of his success.
393. wovpevs: in apposition with Asyor.— The leaders have bloody
names.
144 COMMENTARY TO THE
396. xa rolrw: i, he overcame these, foo. — ptuav: of: éqizr BBQ.
397. tra: so. to bear the tidings,
398. Spa: resumes da & end. The omens directed that Maeon should
be apared,
399, Alrédes: ‘I'ydous was grandson of Qoncus (B 641).—rév: this,
400. waxy: local; of: A 521.—éyopjj xrA.: “although better,” ete,
401, Cy: A SLL.
402. inmfv: accusative after aldeoteis, soe H. 712; G. L040,
406. uit’: Yevde, —edba: ie. truc.—Note the following +asyn-
doton’ and the repotition of ijcis.— lye: on A 78.
406 f. The former (in which Tydeus and Capanous, fathers of Diomed
and Sthenelus, had part) expedition against Thebes failed; the second, of
the Epigoni, destroyed the city.—avpérepov: sc. than the fathers. —ya-
yorre: dual, for Dionted and Sthenelus. — tnd wlxos: of: B 210,
400, satire: ir. the firxt assailants,
410. rp: therefore. — dpoly: se. uly. «We deserve higher honor,”
412 ff. Seven verses in reply toseven. Secon 350. 422. Cy. A 565,
415. roiry piv correlatire with roirm 34417: and xtBor is contrasted
with médos, ia the same place in the verse, before the pause,
417. "Axaidv: genitive of cause oF possibly gvaitire absolute; § 19 g,
419. CFT 29. 420, Bevin: P37. 421, ows: of. T 84.—
For the supposed speotator, of. 589.
422-456. This scone might follow immediately on B 483 or B 785,
423. iroovdnpoy: the point of comparison; of: draowiirepa 427,
425. xlpry: local. « 427, Aavady: oonstrae with didayyes,
428 f. wile erA.: cf. B 805.—tyymdvew: at the head of the verse, in
contrast with of 8° dANo. —ot 8 erst of T 8. —dains: on TP 220,
430. ixovra krA.: contains the principal (dea. 431. Sabine: causal,
433. Toe: the comparison is continued until the subject is forgotten
and resnmed in Tpsiwy dAaAyrés 436. Cf. B ASO,
434, dewdv: forthe epithet, see $120, 435. Two «apparent hintus.’
436. Tpduy: seo on
437. fa: of. pia E238. —-yhpue: cf.
439, vols per: i.e. Trojans,
442 f. Vorgil imitates this passage in hie desoription of Fama: parva
metu primo, mox sese attollit in auras | ingrediturque solo et
caput inter nubila condit den, 176 f. Cf, ‘Satan alarmed |
Collecting all bis might diluted stood: | ... His stature reached the
sky, and on his creat | Sat horror plumed,’ Milton Par. Lost ir. 9B fe
FOURTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD 145
442. Cf 424.
443. oiparg: for tho dative, seo on % 136, —devtpge: gnomic sorist,
parallel to Balve.— wah dwk xrA-: “while still it walks,” etc,
447. wiv: together, Construo with {Badov. — pina: ¢f. B 387, $36,
449. hig xed: of: BS10.— Cf. 1Of shout and scream the mingled
din | And weapon-clash and maddening cry | Of those who kill and those,
who die, Scott Rokeby v. 81; «Sweat, writhings, anguish, labouring of
the Iungs | In that close mist, and eryingx for the light, | Moans af the
dying, and voices of the dead)’ Tennyson Passing of Arthur.
450 {. Note tha ‘chiasmus,"—etyuy belonging to ddXivrwn, and
oluwyij to SAAuuirwr. 452. Spore: genitive.
453. fwPddderov: of. «Mot as torrents from the hight | In highland
dales their streams unite," Scott Lady of the Lake lil. 24.
455, botrov: the point of comparison. —wowmfy: of 275, Cf
rapidus montano fluming torrens... stupet inscing alto |
accipiens sonitum saxi de vertice pastor Verg. Aen. il. 905 ©,
and also id. xii, 523 f.; ‘Then like the billow in his course, | That far to
seaward finils his source, | Anil flings to shore his muster’d free, | Burst:
with loud roar their murmur hoarse,’ Scott Lady of ihe Lake iii. 9.
456. ray: construe with iayj. Cy. AAD. —ylverd: soo § 32 i
457. Tpdev: construe with dopa.
459-462 = Z 9-11,
459. fd: marks the clanse as a repetition of 457. Of. E70.
460. wie: sc, Bépu or dyxvs a8 object. —devdor dew: of. AT1.
461 {. Sece: in apposition with 7év, cf 350.—wipyos: #0. Spare
Cf B34, §— 463, webby: of. xuper 154. 464 = BSL.
465. xe: mark tho change to the imporfect, —&ppa mA: = evhjoun
466. pivwia: of. A ALG.
470. viv ply: ie. Elephenor. —airg: ie. his body. Of. Ad
472 1. dyyp Svbpa: equivalont to dUyjAow. Cf. logit virum vir
Vergy. Aen. xi. 032.— vldv: for the short ponull, see § 23.
477. widwov: 50. roxqes, 478, “He did not repay his parenta’ eare."*
479. tx6: constrne with dowel. Cf T 436.
AB1 f. dvrinpis: of: '350.—xapal: for xapale. Cf. igor A 456,
483 {, wepiy: for the subjunctive, of: I G1 f—érép we: of; dAAd ve
A932,
485. drip: eco on BATS.
$86. iffrape: *gnomic,” hence subjunctive, xduyy.
488. rotor: refers to alyupos ds 182. C/T 153. —"ArbeplSqv: § 39 6.
146 COMMENTARY TO THE
499, rob: fie. Ajax. Cf: Meedov 100, 490. wal" Bpshor: of: 199,
491. 64: for the repetition of the subject, see on A 19],
493. airo: i.e. his booty, the dead Simelsius. — ol: dative of interest.
494, rod: causal, Gf, 168 £.—deronrapévero: passive. Seo § 50 d.
496. dyyie: se. to the hody of his friend.
498. drSpds: ablatival genitive; see § 109 B.— @sow: vfs 20, 178.
500, wap Cewwv: clearly Priam had a stock farm at Abydus,
501, érdépow: for the genitive, of: rot 404.
+ refers to Sovpé, but alyus} (which is udded in appasition) is
already in the poot’s mind.
504, A frequently recurring formula, The verse is thought to echo
the thud of the warrior's fall and the ring of his arms.
505. én6: construe with xdpqour.—-t: for its position, of. A417.
506; péya: for tho length of the ultima, «/: 456,
SOB. Tlepyépov: fr. from his temple Soe E446, — dias: of; avrjoas.
509 f. xépyns: ablatival. —AWos: *of stones
B70. 513, yédov wire
. dxpordMws, 516, yudivras «rd
passive construction.
921, dvasbhs: pitiless. 523. &dpour: sc. appealing to them for ald,
526. For the ‘alliteration’ of y, ¢/. 340.— bv: ie, Diores.
527. rov: i.e, Pirotis,
530, ipieware: drew his sword; middle,
531. rp: demonstrative, with this. —6 ye: sve on ADT.
532. éviBwe: cf: B261.—mplorpar: second aorist, intransitive.
. dxpéxoner: possibly like Asmerican Indians, with a scalp look,
See on Bl,
537. é pdr ic. Pirols (519 £.),—é &: Le. Diores (517, B 622
538. mpl: BAIT, 539. évsoere: for the optative, of Bog 223.
S41, Gyo &: see on xi of ATH.— ic would dare as an observer
to ontwr such a field, unless under the special protection of the mighty
goddess of war.
542. xepds! dy the hand. — thovwa : hintas justified by yx
543. yép: rofers to dreutro. 544. puter: of. 6:
Tho last verses of the Fourth Book form a Otting con
story of the battle up to this point, and a preparation for the more
important contest which follows; but the lust two verses may have been
‘a rhapsodist’s “tag,” meant to wind up a recitation,’
FIFTH BOOK OF THE TLIAD 147
FIFTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD
‘The subject of the Fifth Book ix at oned annonnowl: The Bravery of
Diomed, who had already been somewhat prominent, before the batile
(a 410 #8...
1-453. The Achoeuns press forwont victoriously, 1-94. Diomed comes
forward,
1. a: as A 293. —"AMry = not only the goddess of war, but also the
special putroness of Diomed, as she had been of his father (A 390),
4. + Appositive asyndoton.’— CY; Verg. Aen x. 270 tf.
5. derip: ie. Sirius, the dog star, aa appears from X 26 £.— Of
‘Satan stood | Unterrified; and like a comet burn'd | That fires the
length of Ophinehus huge | In th’ Arotic sky, and from his horrid hair |
Shakes pestilence and war,' Milton Par. Lovt il. 707; *And as the fiery
Sirius alters hue |... ‘Their morions, wash'd with morning, as they came,”
Tennyson Princess v.
Gf. "Axavolo: for genitive, ef: BAl5, 2508; see § 19 7. —xpards = cor
responds to xopOor 4, and Spo to dormbos.
96. dv Mme: of B81].—lpeis: thom were no priests in the Greek
comp. —'Hpalerow: tho Trojans honored the same divinities as tho
Achaeans.
21, pags che: of B S25. 12. of: ie, Diomed. —évarriw; predicate.
13. mds: of A419, whore Diomed dismounta, =P 15,
15. rprepos : f: Torrepos 17, 17. Gpvore ath: of. P 319.
18. Sdvov: as A 403.
19. perapdtiov: </..8 480. Bor the compound, see on B 56.— dee: xc.
by the cast of his spear. —fwawy: “chariot.”
2 wepPihvax = |, dpe BéBywng A 37, — ABedpaod (better ddddaie,
§ 85 6) arA.: » his slain brother,” 22. o86t erA.: of. B 703,
24. dy: final. — ots othical.
29, bpivdq: se. to foar and flight.
the epithets without conjunction, see
— wir: correlative with vie 8¢ 34,
§ 15a. 32, ob dv: of.
33. pdpracta.: «fight and see.
44. Aids eth. this is only a pretext.
35. Aros ix not long inactive; see 461. Athena departs (t Olympus?)
av 87. tedwvar: after Ares! withdrawal,
38. fypdvev: construe with Zeacros.
14s COMMENTARY TO THE
40. npérp: dative of intervst; In his back first, nz he turned to flee.!*
—orpip8irn: construe with mpdry. Not the caesura.— peruppéng:
local, with & mga.
41. Dager: sc. bépv us abject.
43. ipa: of. B 622.
46. teeuy: construn with &eyBpesuevor. Phacstus had been fighting
on foot, Now hw started to mount his chariot in order to flee,
47. exiros Deri ¢/. 68, 82, 310, 650, 008, S461.
50. Menelaus is able to fight, in spite of his wound (A 139 f).
51, Sibage : «f: A 72, B 827. 52, ofperw: local.
53. xpaiope: of: A 28. 54 denPodlar= for plural, se on A 205.
56. Of course this implies that Menelaus drove him,
571. =41f. 59, ‘The names indicate the ornft of the family.
60. be: he. déperdos. Cf. de 44 ; sx on B 872.
62. &: ic. Phoreclus again. 63. dpyecdxovs = sco on obAouéryy A 2,
64. Phoreclus pays the penalty for hia work.— dx: construe with Beir.
—Olrpara: sc. that misfortune would befall Troy if Paris should bring
home a Greek wife. 65. brexrh: parenthetical.
66. fefrven : as A 492.— Ah: of: AHO2.
67. dxoxi; in apposition with }.
70. lv, 8: contrasted, Nearly equivalent to by véGov wep Qévra whe
73 {. xebadfs: partitive genitive, with tviov, —dvrepis: of: P8509.
75. Yuxpdy xadxévi “cold stool.” CY. iaculum ore momordit
Ovid Met. v. 145. TT. &: iv. Dolopion.
70. dpurip: cf All. 79. ipa: marks this as a repetition of 76,
BL. xeipaz arm: of: bpov 80. 82. wb: fo the plain.
85. ywolns: of. Bog 4 228. 86. Explanatory of rordpoure «rh.
88 ff. Cy. A 462 ff. —telBaree: + gnomic.’
92, Adsvra: constran with ry 89.— Ads “Spfipos: eee on B 140, 896,
98. dx; refors to does 87.
95. Awedoves eri; ie. Pandaros, See X88 f 97. det: of A Od
98. mxér: of. reyjous A 106, 101. ért: construe with rg
102. dprefe: of A600. Forward! Ont
106. droite: of A511, 2106, ixéumvor: erulting.
108. Kewavisey: soo on B20; of; Tpdve 5
109. bpro: cf. A 204. Hasten/—Sthenelas was waiting and wateh-
ing for him, with his chariot, See A 229,
21. Kad Gemuv: cf: anrafrfres 109. Opposed to dyafadw 1261, aw
4€ bxéov & 419 to doBaivo 837, and Ap’ frror 10 to émyBaivw 206,
FIFTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD 149
IS. ACH: of AAT,
WMG. tore: cf A AG. —pol arAss cf of wrA, S219. —wophirrns:
seo A 820. 117. viv: opposed to moré as dud to worpl.
228, ral ts rd.) parenthetical. In time, this action would precede
that of Dev. — Obetw: ve. dvBpu as subject.
120. Cf ABS. 122, woSas «vA. = in apposition with pila,
123 = A902. 24, det: of. T 15, —pdyerOaa: § 18 e,
126. Explains rurpduv 125.
227-132, These verses prepare the way for $90 ff,
227, Aydin: of, Vorg. Aen, ti, 604 Mf; “but to nobler sights | Michael
from Adam's «yes the film removed,’ Milton Par. Low xi. 411 f.5 ‘and the
Lord opened the exes of the young man, and he saw: and behold the
mountain was full of horses and chariots of fire round about Elisha,’
2 Kings vi, 17.
129. Gs; of courss in human form,
131. Athena makes a limitation of her command, as @ new thought
occurs to her. 134. aims: seo draxwpious 107.
135. Kal papads: the form of the sentence is changed, and this s+ loft
in the air, Seo on & 438, Z 510, 136. rple: see on A215
140. Bteras: 0. meyprjvs —-rh Br mo. ppd. — spoPetews : are driven.
SI. ok ply: a0. buee. — dygurrivan > of. dmacerirepae A 427.—The Hon
forgets his hunger in bis anger.
142, adrdp 6: of. A383. 143, ply: ensues ducyOy 134.
145 f. “Diomed hit one and struek the other.”
149. Swponddoro: of. A 63,
150. “Their father did not interpret their dreams for them as they
came to Troy," or they would not have come. Cf. B 850.—dpxopirown :
of. 198. 154. del: over, “a4 heir to”
155 f. Wudy dnboripe: two accusatives after a ‘verb of depriving.”
Sco H. 724; G, 1080,
157. Hore, as in 150, the participle bears the important thought.
160. dy dA crd.: 4c, a8 spearman und as charioteer.
161. &: construe with dp. ‘The hiatus before afy is | apparent.’
162. Poonoperiav: attracted from the case of Bows! to that of mig
ios KeM. 163. roi wed: doth there. — if: soe on 111,
167. dy pixyy: over the battle field. 168 f, =A 55 f.
170. dyrlov noSa: ia equivalent to mpooyiSs, and hence is followed by
two scousatives, dros (cognate) and piv (direct object), Cy. BT.
171. wed: of B330, 172. §: in which,
160 COMMENTARY TO THE
174. ides: of. A 94. —dvacydv: see on A 450; of S101,
27S. Be: heres of: weivos Y B01.
176. Tpaas: for accusative, sea on A Bl.
278. Ipov: causal. See on A O5.—fm: of A SIS.
181. mivra: neuter, Cf A389. 184. vids: in apposition with dijp.
185. Gwe WoO: of: non sine uumine Very. Aen, il. T77.— ibe:
cognate accusative with paiverai, of. I 200, Nearly oquivalent to ofr.
187, roirov: ablutival genitive af aaparation, Cf, A 131,
18GB. Hin: wee M7 ff. 191. (ds rA. + an inference.
193. Avidoves: ie. marpds. Cf A240, 225,
195. werravra: of. B xdory: in apposition with opiy.
A 606. 196. For the fodder of horses, se on B 776,
197, wodAd: construe with dréredde 108. Cf A299, A 8
198, lpxopive: “as I left home for Troy.” 199. Cf. A 906.
200. Apyiiav xrA.: of. B 315. For the dative of intorost, ef:
Tpdero Q1.—Tpéeror: used here in a wide sense, Cf B 820, —
Pandarus, vexed at his ill success with the bow, wishes that he had come
a6 A spearman.
201, 4 re wrA.2 sc. if Thad been persuaded.
204. Aimov: ve. Frravs mad éppare 205. Spa: “as 1 soo now.”
207, ‘Arpelin: see S04 ff.
209, rp fa: 40, you see. — nari alory : cfs A418.
214. Cf BIKE «T hope T may die, if don't.”
B15, by wvpl: of. B10, 216. drmdda: of A255,
217. Cf A266.
216. pa xrA.: seu on A 131.— mdpos, mplr: oft A098, 288 f.
219. dnt: construe with drBpl. —etv: me on A 389.
222. olor: explained by the second half-verse, — Tpdvos : equivalent to
Tpwds, cf NyAgiy B20. — mbiov : for the genitive, ¢f: payys 11, (Or, is
it local?)
223. Explanatory of érurrdpevon. 225. amt: constroe with dpdy.
226 f, “You may drive, or wield the spear; just as you please,” —
Aeneas came on foot (167), bnt his charioteer drove up Inter.
231 f. paddov: bein Korep wr: if tee myual flee from.
ar as object.
repeats vou — Adeoy: ec, Wo the ships. CfA 14.
239. For the rhyme, porjourres, Barres, sce § 15 a.
2 of 124.
247, Abvlas: correlative with & péy 245.
FIFTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD 151
248. wimp 84: the form of the sentence is changed, A genitive ix
expected, correlative with "Ayxloao. 251 =A 411.
255, abews: icc, on foot. 256. ag: monosyllable; § 25.
257. édu: of. AS. 259 = A 39,
260i, “If J slay the men, do you look out for the horses.”
261, robwSe: i.e. those of Diomed, 262. a Bvevyos xrh. 1 of. I 261.
263. Alveoo : limits frmwy. 265. fs: ablatival, of which breed.
266. vies: 800 on. noipys A 111. — rowdy: reconipente,— obra: Zeus
gave these because they were the hest. 268. ewes: #0. Trove,
270 ff. dv: genitive of source. yotAn> in opposition with the subject
OF dpévovro. — rove piv ATA. : four of these. — ti Bi xrA. 1 but the other two.
273. Evidently the horses could not be captured without overcoming
tho masters. This vietory would bring glory.— me mrA-: ef A 60,
B 123, 597.
276. viv: i.e. Diomed. 278. oF Pidoy rAd. : of 100,
279, at we KrA.: on the chance that, ete. 2B0=1 955. 283 = 101.
284 1, kendra: for accusative, see on A 510, — dvexqevetas: of. 104.
287. “You missed mo, but I will not Jot you try again.”
288 f. ply, mplv: of. mdpos 218 —atparos: with + verb of fullness.”
291. piva: ‘limit of motion.’ —dmépnoer: se. Bédos. as subject.
292. rod: i.e. Pandarus. Construe with yAaovay.
293, Perhaps Pandarus bent his head down,
294, Cf. 57,58, 297. dmdpoven: “leaped down from his chariot.
298. biioae: of. A S49.
299. ddl Batre: of. 21, A 9
302. epepBadit: of. A 455, 506.
303. pipour: potential optative, g 1808,
804. ole xrA.: of qualia nunc hominum producit corpora
tellus Verg. fen. xii. 900. The men of the former generation were far
mightier! Cf:
306 f. xordAqy xrA,: parenthetical. —xerdAnv: of: *How do you muppose
your lower limbs are held to your body? Th sucked up hy two
cupping vessels (#cotyloid "—oup-like —csvities),’ Holmes Autocrat of
the Broalsfast Table. — mpés = besides. —ebvovre: A 821.
fT 378,
4pol nrA.: oe on 47, Here not of death but of
B11. dddouro: see on A 252.
313. tnd: of BTM. — Cf BSE,
316 f. ipeos Prddav: on A 254. —Pedéy: | means.” — de: with Zorro,
301, roi: ive, yexpots
152 COMMENTARY TO THE
318. brig: cf A465. 320, Paronthotical. —néwv: of: 332, A 46.
9al-s24, Cf 201-204,
928, bv: hie own. 329, ‘TvbdtSqr: aftor werd, —Ywweva: direct object,
Bali. 8 ve: of A 244.—o06: and nol.—Avbpav: construe with
334, dnigenn: #0. Kvmpor —eall Bpdov: of 100.
GREAT JARS FOUND AT TROY
340, pia: ec, in the yoina.— Of ‘From tho gash | A stream of nec
tarous huiour feauing flowed | Sanguine, such as colestial spitite may
bleed,’ Milton Par, Lost vi. 31 ff, of Satan,
S441, pera xepetv: in his arms, —ns Aavady: of, B16, 346 = BIT.
347, Cf. 101, 348, C/T 406, 4 509,
+ ais one ayllable; § 26, —dmepomebas : cf F 89, 099,
352, ralpero Bi: for she was distressed.
FIFTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD 158
353. Dovea: se. yeh. Cf. A 542.—Iris acts on her own account,
as at D121,
954. padalvero: ac, “Agpodiry, pian aluar, Cf. A 140,— pda:
se. of hor hand. 355. spurmp: se, of the Greek line, Gf. 30.
856. frre: eco onT 327, 387. Knevyriirove: construc with frmovs.
358. wodAd: cf. 197. For the long ultima, ef: Aia A 304.
359. $04; cf & 155,—xdpwra: cf A 504. 961. 6; cognate accu-
aative. 965. wap arh.: of T2062. 366. A formula.
S71. vyoripa: see on pee 343. 872 = A 861.
874. naxdv xrA.: an open offender.
377. Answer to 374. 379, yap: refers to Tybéor vide S76.
382. Cf A 586.—Dione comforts her daughter by recounting the
examples of three gods who had suffered worse than she,
384. d dvbpav: construe with rAjpev.—éet: construe with rHérree.
387. . such a Inge jar ns those found by Schliemann at
Hinsarlik, and assumed in the story of «Ali Baba and the Forty Thiewes,”
which served as cisterns and ax places of storage for grain, Cy. the «tub?
of Diogenes. See the cut on the opposite page.— Siero: fay bound, —
rpurenibeca KrA.: iv. full (Inner) year,
300. dwérowro: of. B11, 990. dsedoper: brought out By stealth,
B91. WM: asin 952. § 21d.
392. Nothing is known of this story, unless Hers came to the defense
of Nelous at Pylus, against Horaclea,—wdas "Appurpioros: of. vlds Aus
896, Seo on roxjow F140,
895, dy rots: ic. among the gods who suffered harm from mortals.
397. Stivgow: construc with Swxe. Perhaps whon Heraclos was sont
for Cerberus, and Hades refused to let the dog go.
399. airip: § 2t «,
401 f. Purenthetical. ap: ie. dup. —mdowav: of. 0218 f.—tetruere:
2c. *Atbys.
403. exérdies: sc. Horacles. Seo on B 38; of. vijereor 406.
405 £. bet: construe with wot, Cy. P15, —-8: sis; Inteoduces 407 ff.
407. Cf. 2 130 £, — od Syms: = dxijuopor, shorttined,
408 f. “His children do not rejotce in hits return from the war,” Le. he
dors not return, Cf, 150, 410. rp: therefore,
411. rer 20. Bede. 413. a Sevov: construe with dycipy.
415, In apposition with AlydAua 412,
416. Suhoripqow: sc. xepoi. Seo on ry bexdry A 54, —dwé > conatriio
with dadpym. —xapde: ablatival.
154 COMMENTARY TO THE
429 f. xiproplowe ard: of A OL The joke Is on the side of the
goddesses now. They roturn tho jest, —retes: of A 58,
421 = 7682. Athena does not ask for information. “Don't he vexed
with me,
422 £. ‘Tho reforonco to Aphrodite's relation to Helen ia obviows, —
dewayha werd: of F415, 424, “AxaudSuv: added to explain rin.
425. Sporty of: ABAnxpijy 337. 427, xpveiqy: seo on BA.
428. qohaafia: equivalent fo wodguov, and opposed to yao 429.
430. ratra: i¢. the forme ‘ote that often Ares and Athena are
presinted as the two chief divinities of war. But Apollo, too, is a warrior,
431 = 274.
433. yeyvdener: concessiv
435. dé: construe with Biwm.
436. pls) «/: 136. —fmara: refers to 492.
438. 1d riraprov: 00 on B $20, — Balpo wrA.: #e. in might.
439, dpordfiras: of. dime A508, 440. pdts0 cf: shpeiemae A 83,
2 of A LTT, BMT. of wore
equivalent to drryBovlaw.
Sr of A 120. — bwelpege: off & 219.
and Tins no importanos in the story hers, Verg. Aen. x. 080, — abrp:
“the real Aeneas” 453. In apposition with Bovias #8:
455 = 31. 456. of dv xrd. 457 = 302. 459. Cf. 438,
402 f, Tpdas: adjective, often printed Togds—Ares himself was a
Thracian, acoording to N 301.
465 f. bs ri: how long? —"Axawig: dative of agent with erediwerBan
ay 4 247. Tt unites with the following diphthong in pronunciation; §
468. Cf. 248. ? 470, CL ATS
471, Sarpedon haa vit boa mentions ‘before excepbiin the Catalogue
(B 876).
472 f, jerk: of. B39.—itghuv: a play on Hoctor’s name? § 14 6.
475, viv: “but.” —Sarpedon had noticed Paris’ absence,
976 {. wives de> eee on B 190. —« We, who are only allies.” — fvnpev:
of B81, Sc. dvrita 479. Cf. BST7.—rqhod: see on pivwba A 416.
481. eb: an if xarDuroy had proceded. Of dv P 208, — rd ve xrkt
nearly equivalent to yupiera —dmBefe: 2. jf Cf A Equivalent
to dmdetqrau.
982. unl Se: even thus; i.e. though I should enjoy life at home; and
though T have no wrongs to avenge on the ‘Trojans, nor any fear of them.
FIFTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD 155
484. Ppour «rd. of. the familiar dépaw ant dye.
485 {. tiv [ov] w7A-: contrasted with 475 {,—Gpwow: dative of
interest,
487. wh xrh.: of A 566.—ddévne: dual referring to Hector and his
people. 408. Yop: cf Ad. 490, ride: ie, 457-489.
492. wodapdan ard: stand firm.—dmoMeter: construe with xx 190,
4945120. 495. wddAuy eed: of P18 f.—erpariy : se. Tptioy.
497. of: ic. Trojans, contained in erpardy 194.—lvaveles: predicate;
of. A 335, B 185.—"Ayasv: genitive after the adjective of place, See
HL. Tok £5 G. 1140.
$00 f. fav}: very likely with reference to the color of the ripened
grain; of flava Ceres Verg. Georg. |, 90, rubleunda Cores id, §. 207.
—The winnowing and threshing were done in the open aire
505, dmb lorxpupov: #°, Trove. — huoxier: a. Tod,
506, pévos xupav: of. A 447, — Sushi: construc with dadawe
507. waxy «ta. : of. A 521.
508, ddenulie: of. 155 ff. 510. te [elée) = 40. Apollo.
511 f. obxopémy: when? — abrés: i.e. Apollo, —xleves: f. BSD.
514 {, padierare : of. supieraro A 212.—fwbv xrA-: safe and sound,?
516, prrd\ngay: sc. how he was reactind, — péys see on B 703,
517. &ddos; in apposition with mdvos. —dpyvpérofor: seo on A BT.
sis. Cf A489 f. 519. rode: made definite by Aaraovg 520,
$20. atrol: iv, without special exhortation, 622, Kpovier: on B10,
524. Cf. «As whon from mountain-tops the dusky clouds | Ascending
while the north wind sleeps,” Milton Par. Lost ii. 488 f.
of comparison. Cy. dxpiung O24.
528, Cf. P40. —qodhd 1m,
532. hevydvrwv: from tore who flee. Constrae with dprvra.— Of. T 45,
4245, 533 f. wpdpov: of. T 44.— Alm: see § Ste.
596. perd xr. : explains Bods. 538. Cf A198.
539. Dawew: we, “Ayapéjvoy. S40=42. 5A. Beta: of. A 203.
544, Bide: after n ‘word of fullness,’ —yires: accusative of speck
546. Svbpeouw: dative of interest: with dimera, as often with dvdamw.
549. pdxns xrh.: of: B S24, 5514. Of A158 E
554. ol wrA. aal onlar, for chere tio fike young fons,
557, C/. 130 ff,
559. bméc construc with xeiperow. Cf. 4 479.
156 COMMENTARY TO THE
560. kawwertryy: the point of comparison ; of: aurécrabey 558, —Oikiey-
ow er. 8 new compsirison ix udded,—« stretched out like pine trees."
562=S 105. 563. red! ie. Acncas, Conatrue with pévos.
564. ra: introductory to tm «rh. 566. wept: exceedingly.
567, For the thought, cf S170 ff,
568, v6: i.e. Menoluns and Aeneas, — xetpas erd.: of: 506,
573, ot: iv. Menelaus and Antilochus. —veepote: i.e. sons of Diocles,
541 #f., who wre called rd Bed STA 575. abné: fe. of
576. Tvylwa: for the ulthna treated as long, seo § 59 .—One of
the most noted inconsistencies in the Homeric pooms is the verse which
makes Pylnemenes follow his son's corpse from the field (N 658), although
he hizaself had beeu alata here,
579. joredra: xc. on oF near his chariot. —tyxet = instrumental,
581. The charioteer desired to turn his horses to flight, since Pylas
menes had fallen and be had no further duty in the battle.
582. dyxdva' in partitive apposition with Miva. —rydv: of. A 106.
583. Aégawn: of A141 f. 587. dydfow: partitive genitive
= hes Menelaus and Antilochus,—abrevs: opposed to orpards.
591. eumhnye ¢ 592, "Ewe: of. 383.
593. drasbia :
594. ipa: a bone ie ja expected, to correspond to ¥ pay Exove" 503;
see $119 595. dolra: ac. “Apys.
596 f. dyads: for tho epithet, se § 12 ¢.—wblow: of. B 785,
598. Snvpdy: of, 88. —thév: gives the cause of oryjy.— dvd Tpaper
contains the point of comparison; of: B 147, P93 fl.
G01, olov: neuter, cognate accusative, — Gavpdtoper: ixpartoct.
603 {, wépa: miperr, § 55 ¢.—xal viv: of A 109, A 12,—satvos:
there. Cf. T B01, 68 175.
605. “ Retreat, but keep your face towards the foe.”
606. prairie: nis impe
G07. airby: i.¢. “Away. GOB. xéppns: of wdrops SAD,
609. atv DL ath: cf, 100 610. CY. 501. 611 = 4 406,
612. viv: for the short ponult, oft A 473,
G13. sohweriwy erA.: for lack of conjunction, ef. 194, A 99.
G14. aye: * Of B Sa. 616. walpy xrd.: cf. 599,
G20, af xrA-: » matting hie foot upon him,”
621. CY. & 530, 532, — Gra: Pevides, See H. 705; G. 966, Of 517.
GOS. 8 yer of. AIT. —dpdifocr vexpot. 625 £=A SL
627 S54. 628. CY. B65. 629. polpaxrh: of: 81. 630=1 15.
FIFTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD 157
632. CY. 276, —adv: Le. Sarpedon.—rat: see on A 240.—spée: cone
atrue with Zecmev.
633 f. Why should you come hare to play the coward ?™
636. én: refers to
637. Avs: construe with &%, ¢/; T 100. —anperipwr: of: A 3038,
638, Exclamation, » But what sort of a man was Horacles!"*
639, OvpoMovra: Coeur de Lion,
640 1. Taomedon promised these horses as » reward for the rescue of
his daughter Hesione from a sea monster. Heracles slew the monster,
and, when the promise of Laomedon was not fulfilled, aseked Troy,
Of. ¥ 146 ft.
G41, civ vyvel wrA.: of A170, 389, —wauportpows: ec. than Laomedon.
G42. yfpoce: cf. tam multis viduasset civibus urbem Verg.
Aen, vill. S71.
643. gol: contrasted with Heracles, — xaxdés: cowardly, — dwopOiviBover
wer. 4c. throngh thy eowardios.
GAS, dpddacrh.: of ALTS. 646. C/T 922. 647. Cf. 217.
649. + Laomodon's fault and folly gave tho victory to Herncles.”—
Gripes: the man; explained by dyavot Aaopéovros. —dbpaSinew > for the
wae of the plural, of. 274.
650. ipfarra: concessive. G51. daibune: diel he give as was due.
652 fi. Observe the repetition and peal of yy duiber, Budi, duos,
See ou SLD, —dwa Boupl: of. T 4
655. dvicxero: of F302. 659. See on 4 "661. Befidinev: § 30k.
662. wartp: ic. Zeus; eve Z 198 £,— tw: hints at Sarpedon’s death, of
which the poet tells at TT 500, 663. ly: correlative with 8 668.
665. +d piv: explained by d&epiom 686. Cf ni 564. See on BO,
667, owedévrev: partitive genitive with of rie 665,—mévov: toil of
conflict. — dpunovres: of. B 526. 671. Cf. A 189, 198.
672 f. xpordpw: of T 400. Conntruc with Busno.—& yer of. 623.—
av whidvaw (genitive with dé Zoro): contrasted with the leader; ¢/- the
later of woAAol,
674. 088 “Obvews: #c. but to Patroolus; of IL 477 ff.
676, +p pa: “and so," with reference to the two preceding verses.
677, Those Lycians have Greck names, 678 = Verg. Aen, ix. 766,
680, CL P3874 681 =A495, G82, ol mpomdvn: arhit apprearh,
605. Sarpedon is ready even to dig, if it but be among friends.
6G. vin Spa xrA.: F was not fated, ax it seems. Sarpedon believes that
his wound is mortal,
168 COMMENTARY TO THE
687. C/. B 158. —oladvBe: explained by the second ‘hemistich"; </t
ATO. 688. C480, 689, CY ADIL. 690. Sppacrh: of, A460.
691. Soasro; oquivalent to dmiwaira, of, 620,
693, ny}: this must be the oak or chestnut whioh is mentioned fre
quently as a familiar landmark, not far from the Seaenn Gate. CY. Z 237.
696. Sec on 47, 698. tmavlewa: of. drcdecro AS.
699. bwd xed: undler the might of, ete. As if were driven was to be the
verb of the sentence,
700 £, dwt: towards, an US, — dvveddpovre: se. Tpweron Cf. A 589,
702. trifovro: ve. from Diomed, who had the gift to discern. See 604.
103. Adupted by Vergil, Aen. xi. 604. —-parev: masculine.
704. xédx«os: seo on PHd, 705. wi: adverbial, + after him.”
TAL, roig: i, Hector and Ares.
712 f. "Apylovs: object accusative. — adrian: of. S60. 7214=B 167.
715. d\ov: predicate; of A 26, 498, —'This promise is not mentioned
elsewhere in Homer, 716 = B 113, 288. 718 =A 118.
719 = B 100, 721. mplefa: of. A 50.
722. “HB: she serves also in 905 and A 2.—Kach act of preparation
in enumerated. The Homeric chariot was very light, Nowhere else is
mention made of taking it to pieces when not in nse.
723, duple: vn doth sides, Tad, BpOrros: cf. BA.
725, ado Krd.: a wonder to behold.
726. dat: for the tenne, wee on BAIS, 729. ag: construe with rad,
730 1. Gfwe: sc. “11 By. — dvi adverb with fBuArc. —xptowas de, adorned
with thin plates of gold. 82. ipsbos rd: of. A LTT, 402,
733, abrép: correlative with péy 720,
734, aiwdor: i.e. her own robe, 738. Cy. P94.
TAO. dded, long? defense, attack, — two forms of dpes, strife.
7A1. The Gorgon’s head probably covered the middle of the shield. —
wadpou: in apposition with Popyots implied in Fopyein. Cf. B SK.
744, Hyperbole. Large enough for," ete. Or, “adorned with repre
tontations of,” ete. — deardy: & round number; of. BAIS £
745 f. Gddya: § 50 L—wort arA.: § 12 9. — pdb xrd.: §15 a, Ch
*pouderous shield . . . massy, lurge and round," Milton Par, Lost i. 284 £.
TAD, airéporax (*autornata”): ¢f- ‘till at the gate | Of Heaven arrived,
the gate seifopened wide,” Milton Par. Lost v. 253 {,—pixor: the gates
are clouds (y ‘The goddesses leave the celestial
Olympus for the terrestinl. 750. ydyas erh.> oft A497.
951. Explains drerérparrun 782. +f: explained by &' afréaw,
y oreak,
FIFTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD 159
7931. CAMS £. 755. C/. 363. 756. Kporifyv: soo on A 502,
758. Exclamation. — dewdmev: ¢f. 8120.
759. pap xrdv: of B2U.— fixes: of: xnya T 50,
761. rovvov: contamptuonsly. 762. Cf. AM. = 76H = ASH.
765, ol: after én, of Mackip A 94, — Athena ns goddess of war ix a
sort of rival of Aros,
7166. bbivger «rh: of 07. 767. Cf. 719, 768. Cf. 266.
769, Cf.torras inter caclumque rolabat Verg, den. iv, 256.
TTL. exoms: of: A 275. —devowww er.t of A B80.
72. réewov tm: so fur. C/T 12.
774, Explains worapé 773,— aye: of: A GOT. —evpfédderev: observe
the position of the verb between its two subjects,
775 £. Cf; 368, — mph xrA.;: sc. in order to hide them.— ipa: ¢f: $50.
—wovdiv: adjective of two endings; § 38 a.
777. duBporiny: ouly here as fodder; but ef. 309.
778. ré: i. Hor and Athena, —'Tho short atepe of the goddemes are
contrasted with the strides of the heroes (o/: P22)
779. drbpdew: of. T 6. 780. Of, T 146.
TEL. inv erd.: of T 105.
783, 4: swe on B 800. —evel rds § 12 6.
785 {, Zrivrops; Stontor is montioned only hers, but he has given an
adjective to the English language. —yadmoddvp: of. B490.—+' Aw loud
as fifty ordinary men.
788. waNexire:: cf. A490.— Achilles hiunselt boasts (1.352) that while
he took part in the conflict, Hector dared to come only to the gates of the
city, and once barely escaped when he met Achilles: déppa 8° eyo per
“Axuotow modguiger, | obx Wéderne paixoqy dard redxeos dpviuey” Exzwp, | dAAT
Soroy (only) és Saauds re widas wnt dprryov Toavev’ | Oa mor’ olov Faimne, pays
8E pen Lepvyer Spy. Hector also in the Eighteenth Book (% 286 ff.)
refers to the ‘Trojans as acting on the defensive, — cooped up in the city
during all the years of the war. T' is prepared here for tho wall
which the Greeks build around their camp in the Seventh Book, —a wall
which was not needed while Achilles fought for the Greeke ‘The hero ie
already honored by the Achaeans, since they recognize their need of hin.
792, Cf. ATO.
793, émépoues: hastewed eo; without idea of hostility, ws in 482.
795. dvabixorra: explained by THs, of 5 BOL.
796 f. Cf; B 383 £. —The galt ewoat irritated his wound,
160 COMMENTARY TO THE
798. Gv: construs with Toyww.
800, «The son of Tydeus is not like the father” Cf A 870 ff. —
@tyor: adverb with doudéra.—eli accented, sinoe it is reflexive, § 42
B01 f. puxpds xrA.: noe on A 115, B816.—seal: even,—@er: the prin-
cipal clause is omitted. —elagxov: ¢f. B 832.
B03 f. dewaspioour: of: B 150, — wed 'Axady: equivalent to potvog
day A 388, — Syydoe: of: A 384 ff. — werd ard: of: 08%, A428.
805. Sereda: in crphatic contrast with pdyerPu 810.—«T bade
him feast in quiet, but he challenged the ‘Thebans to a contest; T bid thee
fight, but thou art weary or faint-hearted.”
B06. atrdp: advursative to dvwyoy S05.
807. xponadifero xrh.: of. 4 989 f.
809. col: contrasted with Tydeus. —wapa lerapos: ¢f, 116.
B10, «Aopa: opposed to ox einceoy 402.— Mark the repetition of the
pronoun, gol, v¢, vei, ae ov cfc. See on 852.
B11. eed: is placed before %, aw if it belonged to both clanses, but its
place in the second clause ia filled by oé.
812, tara: “to judge from your actions."
B17 £, Boa of. 812.— dxvoe: reply to B11. —Aperpdow: of. 129 ff.
819-821. C/. 150-192. B21. obrdper: 0. exéAeves from B10,
fl. Cf. GOI ML 824. paxny dvd: cf. 107, 826 = 243,
827. “Apna: with long ultima, —not as 824, Of. ddyen T45.— 6 yer
in this.
B28. Cf 508, B29, wpdre: jirst of all. 830. oXeblqv: ae. wAnyiy.
832. xpdény: of. B 20%, —ereire: of B SOT, P88.
je. his promiees to nid the Achacans.— 66° twwer: sce on
838. pdya: adverbial.
A 198, 125, 145,
20. — avrrbea? Pe A530.
842. Nowhero docs a god slay a mortal with his own hands,
repetition of péw S42, in opposition to abrdp,
E ‘cup of Hades” which made the wearer invisible even to
the gods, is not mentioned cleewhere in Homer. German mythology has &
similar (Tarnkappe.’ ‘The poet does not think if necessary to tell how
Athena came to have thin with her. The name seems to play distinetly
upon the derivation of the word "Aidos (unseen).
BAG, Ge: cide. 847. adroh : explained hy 56 er. SEB.
849. Wes ; construe with AiopyjSeo3. See H. 757; G. 1148,
850 = 680,
FIFTH BOOK OF THE IL1AD 161
B51. mpdoGer: eco on 317, Correlative with Serfrepos 85. —dpilaro:
of A 807, —twwav: so. of Diomed. Aros is on foot.
852. dmd crd.: of P 204,
854. trémov: cf. I 368. “So that it was hurled in vain.”
857. wlrpqy : Cuwviireero is a * verb of clothing.’ H. 724 a.
858, 84: construc with Maver.
860. trlaxov: gnomle.—Becdxdoe = juripior.
B61 f, ipsa “Apnos; equivalent lo méAguov. Cf B 381.—bwb dw:
of: 4421.
B66. roles: i.e. x0 gloomy; ofA 47. 868. Cf. 360, 367, B17.
870, apPporoy wrd. : ¢/: 330, - 872, CY. 757.
B73. Cf. 383 f.— plywea: adverbial, — verdyéren xrA-! rérAnjer.
874. GdAuv; equivalent to dAdos DUov.—xépw «rd: of 211. —
Svbpures : Bporoton. 875. paxsperda: of AB
B76. péundwv : of 430.
878, ot rei for the position of ré, see on B 180,—SSpipcrta: cf:
T' 183, Note the change of peraon in the verb, — txawwes ; see on A O06.
880. “Since she is your own daughter.” —éplvae: of. A 400.
B81. viv: introduces a special cave under atéy 876.
883 f. = 458 f. BBS. hime: of T 56.
B86. airod; explained by the second hemistich. See on B2
887. Ler: concessive,
899 f, Iteply to S72-874.—ddAowpécradh: of: 81.
890. CY. A 175.
891 =A 177. It ia bottar snited to this place
892 Mf. Reply to 876 ff. “You have inherited your mother's spirit." —
“Home: in apposition with prpds. For its position, seo on BadAe A 52, —
thy we of. 7) dy A 234, — enovbii: of: B99.
894 f, rp: therefore, 20, —Iyovra: supplemantary participle,
B96. ylvog: of. yévor S44, % 180.
896. Oipandéywy: here alone in Homer of the Titans, children of
Uranus. These were hurled by Zong into ‘Tartans, s gloomy cavern
beneath the earth; as far beneath the earth (says Hesiod) as beaven ix
high above the earth,
901 f. = 401 f.
904. fapesiinan the point of the comparison; ¢/. dau 903.
905. “Hy: Hebe prepares the bath, just as ake had served the gods ax
cupbearer (A 2), and had aided Hera in preparing tho chariot (722).—
162 COMMENTARY TO THE
The gods (like mortals) were wearied in battle, and even sweat (4 27),
and thus were glad of the bath.—drew: so, piv.
906. Cy. A 405. 908 =4 5.
909. “Apyr: this is the reading of most manuseripla, but probably "Apy’
or “Ay ts better.
SIXTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD
The connection betwetn this Book and the preceding ix clos. ‘The
first four verses of Z cannot be separated easily from the Inst three of B.
In dact, though E is the longest of the forty-eight books of the Homeric
poems, it fa not loug enough to contain all of the ScopiSars dawrreda, which
certainly extended over the first half of % No one should forget that the
division into ‘Books’ was not original, See § 10 6.
1. ely: eaovady, Se. by the gods.
2. woddé: adverbial, —wi6low: oft B 785,
3. DArer : genitive after a ver of aiming; of Moddou & 100.—
WBvvopivew: Limits payy 2.
4. Espdwros; construe with peoogyts. Now the eaesura,
5. wpdres: pe. after the gods” departure, — tpmos arA-: oe on A 284.
i 9-11 = 4 459-401,
= 88% eer explains quAdeanen.
. those to whom: tue had shows hospitality.
Fpmere xr\.: of: B STS.
17. apsetev: before him, for hix defense. —dwavrideas: se. StopnjBdl, —
Subw, Opéy: two aocusatives after a ‘verb of depriving.’ —dwngpar sc.
Aropribys.
21. pend: affer, as in Attic. —vopdn: cf, B 805, — Sach episodes served
to reliewe the monotony of long lists of warriors,
23 f. Parenthetioal,
244. yer: in age. Cf A 60,—enirors masonlin. Cf fartim
i den, bx, O46. — tet Gere: of. B1S7.— ptyq: 9c. Boron sajueby.
CFT 446. 26 {, dronveapivg : conceited andl, — kal piv: of: A 200,
34. wap’ 6x0as) of. LIST. 3B. tem of : his home,” — able: of-
39, Se... pupwivg: parenthetical. — Pragévre: i.e. entangled. —
Sysihov; equivalent to auprvAoy EB 281,
SIXTH BOOK OF THE IAD 163
404. be nptry iui at the tip of the pole, — adn pdr: correlative with
airig B¢ 12.— of GAAor: those others.
47, bv worpés ; 40. Baipare.
49 Lwin: from these, of Uhene:—terowra : of. A 18. — tote: predicate,
“Phat 1 was alive,” —aewtovro : with accusative, as E 702.—éet yquelw
wrk: Le. in the Greek camp.
51. Cf. 8208, — trader: was persuading.
52. rig’ Gude: wee just about,
93 f. woragiuey: exraywydy.—drrios: predicate; of E 497.— wv:
sce on fav A 138. —dpoxdfoas: of. 06, E 199, duyjoas A 201.
55 1. obrws: ip. us in sparing the life of Adrostus.—eol: emphatic.
— Spurn: subject of werotyra. Cf. the prose & woudw,
$7. rOv: domonstrative,—\ Lat every male perieh,—even the child
yet unbori
59. xoipoy: simply marks the sox.—glpos: for the optative, ef;
—%s: demonstrative ; of A 405, — the antecedent of év rua 58,
GOf. "IMov: genitive after é in composition. — defferres = predicate ;
800 § 0G 0, — ay clay: of ATS.
62, wapumdv: for the length of the first gyllablo (zuppumiy), soo § 50 j.
$8: Le. Menelaus, — ded Wer : cf: A100; aon § 32 i,
. Aganumnon,
65. RAE RVAW: of E620. 66. ddwas: off M508. 67=B 110.
68 {f, “Make sure of the vietory, and follow it up before you think of
taking spoils.” Cy. 1 Maccabees iv. 17, where Judas Maccabaeus says:
ph Leryojryre riaw oxthum, Gre meus XE kravring Hyuiiw . . . AANA ovipre viv
dvayrion viv dypiv jpiy mal rodqujoure abrove, «ai jeri rate AdBere
aKida wil perd rappyeias, “be not greedy for the spoils... bat stand ye
now against our enemies... yo shall take the spoila ufterwand with
00.
mafety!
69, fv: in a final clause; see H. 885 0; G. 1907, —whdeve: “more
than any one else.” 70. xa v6: © the booty too."
TL, veepods w@vniras: “corpses of the slain.” —ewkijeere: 8 « perntise
sive’ future. — Observe that Nestor uses the first person in wreivopen, but
the second person in oudyoere,
72=BLAT0, 792. 73. tw’ "Axandw: of tx” dvipos GL; soe H, 820.
74. dvahelqer: of. Adpadigow E 040, xpodyuipos B 588, 792.
75. Alnig: Acneas, us commander of the Dardaniaus (B 819), was
next in rank to Hector in the Trojan army,
164 . COMMENTARY TO THE
76, olwvonéduv erh.> of: A 10, B SSS.
77. wévos; ive. the battle, and care and responsibility for it.
78, Upduy «rd. : partiti
79. pixecdu ned: of. A
BL. xepot: arms; of. A441,
82. dedyovras : refers to Andy 80.— Cf, B1TS.—xépua: of. T SL
84. fuels wév: correlative with "Exrop, drip ov 86.— Saraoies: in tho
same position boforn the vorge pause as wéAnde 86. 85. Paronthetical.
80, abrot : right heres
86, “Exrop = for the position of the yocative, see on A 282.
87 f, Hecubs, Subject of Beluu 92, which is equivalent to Gérw-
—ywpaide: the feminine of yépovras. — wnév: «limit of motion.’ Gf. 297,
A 26 89. lepole erA.: equivalent to rnot
90. For the offering of a robo, ¢f: that which was borne to the Acropolis
for Athena in the Pavathenaic festival. 6: ds, § 42 & F.
92, Ocivas: eco on 87.—dwh yooraew : on the lap. ‘This is the only
direct evidence in Homer for the existence of a statue of a god. ‘This
figure of Athena clearly was in a sitting posture. — bwooxée®as : var.
94, jxdovas= wyaivalent to dxerrprovs, If the cattle had bean used for
menial service, they would be unfit to be offered in sacrifice to the gods.
Of. All the firstling males that come of thy herd and of thy flook thou
shalt sanctify unto the Lord thy God: thon shalt do no work with the
firstling of thy bullock, ... And if there be any blemish thereln, as if it
be lane, or blind, or have any ill blemish, thou shalt not sacrifice it unto
the Lord thy God,’ Deweronomy xv. 19,21; ‘a red heifer without spot,
wherein is no blemiah, and upon which never came yoke,” Vumbers
*take two miteh kine, on which there bath come no yoke,” 1 Sam, vie
at ce: of af nev rox A OO,
96. at ew xrA.: expliins al xe, above. —TvBles vidv: the subject of the
story is atlll Atonidous Apurreda.
97. wietwpa: of. A 328, 98. yoru: “has shown himsclf."
99, of6i: not enen, — tbe: of. T 442.
100. &v mp «rh: “although he is the son of a goddess"—deets
they say’ ; of. B 783, B 633. — We «eA. of E 887,
zon. af. A 589, 102. ob 7 deitnoer : of: A 220,
103-106 = E 104-197, 107, $dvow : genitive of separation,
108 f. rw dilavdeww: so. ue Ares had done; of. BM. —darepéerros :
the Homeric heavens are «starry? even in broad daylight, § 12 a—
fe, as if some god had come to their aid.
212. C/E 528, 8 254, 418.
SIXTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD 165
114. Powdeurjer: of: P1494, Nothing furthor ix aid of thom in this
mattar, — Hector is leas definite than Holenus had heen,
127. 8gh¢; explained by oduph mui atydw, “above and below." —
Very likely Hector drew his shield about so ax to Lang on his back by the
strap.
118. jj: altracted to the gender of dvruf, which may be the predicate
in unusual position, —» which ran as the ontermest rim.”
119-296. ‘This episode occupies the gap in the story, while Hector is
on his way to Troy. Soo on A318, 490, P12
119. According to Herodotus (1. 147) the later kings of Lycia claimed
doscent from this Glauous.
120. bs pleov: of. TTT. —dpdoripuw : sc. Tpeiwy wal “A xauiiv.
im=T 15.
123. rig S4: of. A 540. —The conjecture that the Lyclans had not boon
long on the’ plain of Troy is likely enough; just as the Amazons and the
Acthiopians came to the help of the city after the action of the Ifad, and
asthe Thracians under Rhesus come during the very action of the Mad
(cf. K ADA £,, Verg. Aen. 1.4609 ff). Glaucus knows Diomed (145), but
that ia natural aftar the latter's exploits on thia day.
124 {. éwewa: sc, 0. — 1d mplv: strongly contrasted with vin
126, Bre: in that. Cf A M4.
127. “Unhappy are tho parents whose sons mort my might,” ie. the
sons ore slain, and the parents will have to mourn their death. Observe
the prominence of Buorjvay.
128, Evidently Diomed hus lost his power of distinguishing gods from
men; ¢f. E 197 f.—Adardrwr ye: made prominent by the verse pause.
This may be suggested by the beautiful golden armor of
(cf. 286), in connection with the fact that his face was not familiar; or it
may be a commonplace remark, suggested by muruBvyray 123.
129, tmovpaviours ; contrasted with eryOdvuoy as epithet of
10. ob6t erA. : of: B 703, E29. — viéar with short penult ; ;
131. Bqv: Sauk EAT. For an adverb with jy, ef A 416. — os = the
relative clause is causal, os it is frequently. Cf. 105, 285.
132 ff. In this story is an ovident trace of resistance in Thrace to the
establishment of the worship of Dionysus. In the story of Pentheus, asx
represented in the Bacchantes of Euripides, is « trace of reaistance offered
to this worship in Thebes. Dionysus is not one of the greater gods in
Homer. —pasronfrow: cf the nome ‘macnads,” pawdtes, for the Bace
chantes, who were the rib,
166 COMMENTARY TO THE
133 f. jylileov: of A 252.—OieQa: fhyrsi, wands surmounted by a
pine cone, —naréxevay + dropped, let fall, wx B 784,
135 f. doBydie: taking 10 fliyht.— Okey: 10 her bosom. For the dative,
of: webly ¥, 82, trdpoun A 523, obpavg A443. — Thetis gave similar refuge
to Hopharstus ; of; 3908 ft.
137 f. tabidra : for its position, see on ofAopévy A 2.—vQ: for the
‘dative of association,’ ¢/: Oewtow 129, 131, —Jxta xrA.: of. ‘that new
world of light and bliss, among | The gods who dwell at ease,” Milton Par,
Lost ii. 607 €.,— contrasted with hard-working men.
139. rupdsv: prodicate. — tqne: cf. A 2.— fet Biv: a0 § 50 A B
141. Diomed returns to the thoughts of 129. —« Therefore J would."
142L Cf. 198, —et wrt of EB M1. Ch quicumque terrae
munore vescimur Homes, Odes ii. 14. 10, —@iewov: of. B 440.
145. Cf, 123, —Glaucus recognizes Diomed.
146 ff. Cf. «Ax of the groon leaves on a tree, some fall and some grow;
so is the generation of flesh and Mood, one cometh to an end and another
is born,’ Windom of the Son of Sivach xiv. 18; “As for man his days are ax
grass; a# a flower of the fiold, so he flourishoth, For the wind parseth
‘over it, and it is gone; and the place thereof shall know it no more?
Psalm ciii, 15; ‘Yo children of man! whose life is a span, | Protracted
with sorrow from day to day; | Naked and featherless, feeble and quern-
Jous, | Sickly, calamitous, creatures of clay!’ Aristophanes Binds 085 My
as translated by Frere, — ty 8% ri xiAAurror Xiog Zarer dvips (* This is the
hest thing Homer ever said") ofp mep «rd. Simonides, Frag. 9. «This
in the state of man: to-day he puts forth | Tho tender leaves of hopeas
to-morrow blossoms, | Aud leurs hiv blushing honors thick upon his ; |
‘The third day comes # frost, a killing frost,’ Shukspere, Henry the Eight,
iii, 2, 352,
146. &: for Bi in the ‘apodosin’ of A 137. —xak: also. — dvbpie :
equivalent here to ds6paruy, of. A 544, E 874,
147. gidda= the whole, of which rh ev and dAda ¢ are parts. — For
the comparison, of. B 468, —ri, rd: see § 21 4.
146, oper Bi: for tho ‘coordinate’ construction, se § 21 d,
149. dim: intransitive, grows up. 2150. Kok ratra: this, too.
151. weddel «rd. > “the family é not inglorions,”
152. ten «rh. : u favorite epic beginning; of. B S11, Bo.
153 f. trOa foxsv: there lived. — Zievdes: this name seoms to be formed
by reduplication (cf. Sup) from erodés, and répdurrox, most eunning,
crafty, refers to this, —Homer allades to this hero's suffering in Hades
SIXTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD 167
(rolling a stone np a hill) only at A503 #f., and Plato in the Apolagy (41 ¢)
makes Socrates name Sisyphus with Odysseus as one whom it would be a
pleasure to moot in Hades. —&... AledtSy¢: parenthetioal.— 8: 35, of
90, — Ztevpor; for the repetition, seo § 16 4.
157. Tpotvos: king of Tiryns, to whom Bellerophon had fled for some
reason, nocording t the later story. According to one anconnt, Tellero-
phon had committed murder in bis own home, which was a frequent cause
of exile in the horole ago,—vaed «rA.: Le. sent him to Lycla, aa is
explained below, on the charge stated in 164 f,
158, dni xrd.: gives not tho reason for the banishment, but the
explanation why it was possible. — The thonght of the first halfworse is
repeated more definitely in 168.
159. “Apydlov: construe with &jpov 168. — ‘Apyslovs.
160. 1G: rfers of course to BeAAepodivryy 155. The intervening
verses have been half-parenthotioal,..@; the English idiom would have a
causal conjunction. — Sia : a merely formuil, standing epithet. Sex on P92.
162. pryhavas > makes trepiraro more definite. Cf AS,
262. dyaB4: cognate accusative with ¢pororra Nowhere olee in
Homer, perhaps, does dyaéés som to have so much moral quality.
163. Yeveapiry xrA. 1 contrived « falsehood and; of: 96,
164 {, ré@vains «rA.: die or—,* May you He dead if you do not.” —~ 9
avAci with causal force, a8 131,— pol: for the elision of oy see $28 a.
166 f. olov fixoveey: nt what he heard.’ See Hf. L001, — wervtvas tse.
Batliesslene: (Perhaps an- original ¢ (¢é $82 a) has been replaged
) —eePéeware «rd. : Proctus shrank from killing one who had boon
wa guest, but he had no compunetions about asking his father-indaw to
do the deed, So the father-in-law, too, after feasting Bellerophon, would
not kill him, but sent him into conflicte in which he expected him to be
slain. See 178
169. ypdipar ard. this verse hae boon the subject of mush contention.
Nawhero els does Homor refer to the art of writing. This art was
known in Greece in Homer's time, bat this exprossion is somewhat ambigue
ous; ypdpw is x general word, and may mesh seratch or paint, eivant
srvarG, folded tablet, rather thon ypdyas, indicates the form of an
opistle; clearly, if it had not boon folded, it would have been tntelligible
to others. Scholars have thought that this letter might hava been in
‘picturowriting” resembling that of the ancient Mexicans, but the Cretan
and Mycenaean script was older than the Homeric age, and wedo not need
to assume bere the very rudest elements of the art. *
168 COMMENTARY TO THE
2170. weep : wife's father; while txvpds (L172) is husband's father.
292, Cf. E773, BSTT.
174. Explains =podpovés icy 178.— dwvpap: round srumber; of:
A 53. —'Tho king made a great fenst ench day.
176, wal vore= §210.—'The Homeric hoat never asked his guest's
errand until he had shown him hospitality.
178 {. «axéy: destructive; of. Avypd LOB. — dv: correlative with ab 184,
—trOevrey : see on 167.
180. Gstor: equivalent to Gedy, and contensted with dyOpsmwy. Sco on
B20, —ylvos: of, B 544, 896.
G1. This verse ix translated prima leo, postrema draco, media
ipsa Chimaern by Lucretius (v. 005), preserving the exact order of
words, and making the last clause more distinct even than it is in the
Greek, —Hore alone in Homer is found a mention of a mixed monster,
182. Bawv: adverbial, cognate acensative; of 470.—dwowwlovera:
construe with # 180, the intervening verse being half-pareuthetical. — The
second half-vorse is in apposition with Bavév.
183. piv: repetition at pdy 179,—Oedv rd: of. A398.
185. “This was the hardest battle he ever fought.’ —naprierqy:
Predicate; of. B 216. —évbpav= limits udiyyv.
186. This, wo, by the Lycian king's command.—No mention is made
hore of the winged horse Pegasus, which aided Bellerophon on this expo
dition, according to the common story, —~ évnamlpar : ¢f, T 159,
187. vp: fe. Bellerophon. — thorn: of I) 212. So, drug Avetys,—
CFA 302.
2188. For the ‘asyndeton,’ ef: 1 4, 189, dow ra. : of A992,
+ “came to know," se, from his achiovoments, Se, dvag,
parenthetical. —Ceod: indefinite. Some god must be the
father; no ordinary mortal (still lees a wicked man) could do such dosds,
In Pindar this horo is the son of Poseidon.
192. Bibow : offered, —Ovyaripa : for the long ultima, cf. 62, B71,
194 f, piv: the motrical quantity shows of to bo the personal pronoun;
seo §5 £0 j, 32 a. —woddv> constrns with réuevoe. Sew § 1 j.
196. 4) fc. the Guytenp of 192.
200, Kal nelvos: even Ae, &.¢. oven Bellerophon, who had received euch
signal proofs of the gods’ care, —dwipx@ere KrA. + oft 140,
201. Cf ‘Lest... a8 once Bellerophon... on th’ Aleian field T
fall, | Erroneous then: to wander and forlorn,’ Milton Par. Lost wii. 17 ff;
qui miscr in compis mncrons crrabat Aleia, | ipse suum cor
|
SIXTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD" 169
edens hominum vestigia vitane Cie, Tue. iii, 20,08. Cf Nebuebad-
neexar In Daniel iv, and +1 will not eat my heart alone,’ of Tennyson's fn
Memorian,
203 f. /.¢. Teandor fell in battle with the Solymi,
Laodamia died suddenly and quietly.
Cf. 428. Artemis sends sudden death to women,
BOT. wOAAA dmérehhev : c/. A290.
208. A famous and noble verse, which is found also at A 784 as the
parting injunction of Peleus to hia son Achilles, It was the favorite of
Cioero (ad Quint, frat, iii. 5). —dpurredav: dpurrov ava
209. plya: see on A 78.
920.) Fa. au oll: tho early. geaaratlods, Glayphis end \Gianeud) we
Corinth, as tho lator generations in Lycian, who ware descondod from Helloro-
phon, Herodotus says that the Lycian kings of his time claimed descent
from Glanous, =
211. fol: “since you ask the question”; with referones to 123.
Gloucus ends as he began.—yorts: oblatival genitive, of source. Cf:
6 265, 212. yhenow : of. A B80,
213. wy: correlative with atrdp 214.—Diomed abandoned at once all
thoughts of a contest. Guest-friends must not fight with each other,
214. purrixlounr® noo on A BA.
B17. Wh peyipoiow ; ac. in Calydon; of: B40 f, — is hore treated
aslong. Gf. B 601, —Apigas: coincident in time with gelvuowe.
219. For the ‘asyndeton,’ of. 174.—otwm: of. S 141.
220 f, Sfwos xrA.! of: A 5S1,—xat pur <rAt parenthetieal For the
esertion of tho relative construction, 6f- A 79, 162.—¥ I have it still.”
whys he, Bémas. — or ds Tool. Cf. 198.
222 f, “Iwas but a child when my father went to Thebes, and I have
no Tecollection of him.” These two verves are not needed here, but
wero suggested, very likely, by the mention of the eup which Diomed
received directly from his grandfather, — nov through his father, — "Tobia:
probably not an accusative of specification, although the accusative is
unusual with pépenpas.—dv OFByew: ie. in the country about Thebes.
‘The first expedition was repulsed and did not enter the city.
22! : ie. on the ground of this friendship of their ancestors, —
Fitros: Aost. «My house shall be your home,” — 225, wiv: i. Aveler,
226. Addf\er: equivalent to DAdos DAAou. — 6 dplhev; contrasted with
single combat.
170 ” COMMENTARY TO THE
228, xwivev: explanatory, Cf juyjpan 161.— $v we ender comme
sponds to dv ae Svrqus 220, 229, tvanpiper: of. xrecvay 228,
230. ole: i.e. the bystanders. It would be prosuic to ask whut thane
had boen doing since 122,— whether they had continued the battle or
had stopped fighting and listened t
233. For the pledge by the hand, of B 341.
234. Tratxy: dative of disadvantage; c/: A 101.
235. & «rA.: hore, also, the relative has a causal tone, CY. 181,
236. xodrelwy: genitive of price; of A1LL,—The retyen may mean
only the shield. — ‘These are round numbers, Geld was worth more than
eleven times as much as bronze.
297. &: for the position, after “Exrwp (the emphatic word in making
the transition in the story), a0 on dA 32. —gqyév: of E693. Doubt-
Jess Hector reached the tree before he came to the Gate, bub the latter is
named first as mero prominont and important, by # sort of | hysteron
proteron"; § 167,
230 f. The women had come to the tower at the Scacan Gate, ia order
to watch the conflict. Cf 386M, P 145 ff, 420, Cy, + About the new
arrived in multitudes | Th* ethereal people man, to hear and know | How
all befell,’ Milton Par. Lost x. 26.—elpépeves erA.: i.e. inquiring of the
fate of their friends on the field of battle. 240. méovies § 50 1.
241. dbtwro: cf B15,
242, @X Gre: correlative with &Ox 261.
243. &y atr®: in ivels, in contrast with the corridors.
244, werrixorra: Print, like other oriental princes, had several wives
and many sons, All (with two or three exceptions) Hred together In
patriarchal fashion. Hector wnd Paris had homes of thelr ewo. Priam
is the only polygamist of the
245. Gddfdww: for the genitive, ¢/:"Agucidv 106.— Si6pqudvor : from Béuan,
251. refers to 242, —dvarein: prodionte; cf. dvrios 5A.
252.
254. + is the emphatic word of the verse,
255. Hecuba answers hee own question; of A 203, B 220,
256, Only roughly can it be said that dvidée is to be construed with
Néyra. ‘he order of words is significant: Thee, hither, thy roul urged,
and this fs explained by 257,
257. & Kepns wédiey: construt with xeipus dace. Cf. 86: —Xépen
r\.: equivalent to <iyeorGu. Cf. A 450, E174, 258. piv: pte
260, wpdrov: the position of this word shows that this verse ix added
SIXTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD 171
8 a sort of afterthought, and dvyjoen ix not (like omelrgs) under the
influence of ds.— ards: thyself, foo, —in contrast with Ad maypl 250.
261. 84: the English idiom would nse sor. —rogenars: observe that
ita position in the vorse is the same as of xékmyens 202. — Alga: atige.
262. ds: as, referring to nexpnire.
264. Kaper i.e. offer, —pedthpova: of. digporu E246, — Hector replios
first to 260-262.
265. Hector, on the contrary, feara that the wine will weaken him.
266 ff. Roply to 250. — dvlwrourw > ¢f. yepwliayro A 449; + When thay
xo into thi tabernacle of the congregation, they shall wash with water,
that they die not; or when they come near to the altar to minister, to
burn offering made by fire unto the Lord,’ Exodus xxx, Mector’s
haste is manifost in the whole interview,
267. ton: err, «T may not.”
269. ob pév: correlative with éyis 3é 280,
270. doddeowara: of, Lywtyoura 87. 271-278 = 10-07.
279, A repetition of 269, for the mike of closer connection with 240.
GF. 188 (with jdt) a0 resuming 179, and E184 and 143,
ve ear to my eal
284, Gos carvdéera: plctureequ
for &haddtocro, Cf. 807 M1. —"Asbos: se. Binoy.
285. A strong expression for a brother to use, but of I 40 ff, 454.
288. mnéwra: cf; T9582. Probably because of cedar chesta.
290. Zibovier: tho Phoenician’ woro {amod for all sorts of rnerchandise.
291. On his way home from Greece Paris was driven out of his course
by storms, —tmhin: of TAT,
292. thy bBiv «FA. : on that very voyage on which, cfc. —avhyayer: of. T 48.
293, Bapov: axa 294, mowdpoow: of 126, E 795.
295 f. Taro wrA.: ist. it was meat chorished and Joust used, — Aww:
see on Duy A 505, — pereraxierro ; froin peraooetona, of. cet,
297. ty woke xrh. of.
300. i@ycav: the priestess, thon, was chosen or elected by the people,
aud her official duties did not interfere with ber family relations,
901. dheruy§: these piouk shrieks were intended as “responses” in the
liturgical service; just ns ydpae dydeyoy corresponded to the modern pox
ture of devotion, kuceling.
302, Perhaps Theano alone entered tho ddvroy (E512).
172 COMMENTARY TO THE
303. Of. 02, 273.
805. frotrrok: ¢/ "APyvia Modus [woAuioyos] and xodoixoy “AGdya,
at Athens and at Sparta, This epithet was Athena's ag goddess of war,
not as special patroness of Troy. —(ehuw: of: E 881; partitive genitive
after the superlative idea in Sis.
307. xpqwa: predicate; of: mpyvéc B 414,
308-310, CY, 03-95, 274-276. C/. armipotena, pracnes belli,
Tritonia virgo|frange manu telum Phrygif praedonis et
ipsum | pronum sterne solo Verg. Aen, xi. 483 ff.
B21. driven: mo on A Sid.— This is known by the result. —Cf.
Interen ad templam non acquac. Palladis Sbant, | crinibus
Ilisdes passis, poplumque forobant, | supplicit
tunsae pectora palmis;| diva solo fixos ooulos av
bat, Verg. den. i. 479 fF.
312, A transition; ef: E84. «While these were offering prayers.”
314 ff, Adied, as vorwes aro frequently, as a sort of afterthought. —
eirés: in thoso primitive times tho prinoo’s occupations differed little
from those of the pensant.
326, of; dere.
317. vi: for its position, «f B 136, E 878, —Hpidpow: gonitive with
byypit. See Ho TST; G. 1149, Or, it may be, with dopdrwv to be sup
plied. 918. ia: local, there. ‘This resumes 313.
B19. y's dye —Ayxor ivbecderyyu: long spear! But really no longer
than the Macedonian pikes (odpwoa), which were from fourtecn to
vightoon foot long, ‘The Jance of the Pruasian Uhlan ig about ton fost in
length. —Sovpds: construe with mdpoube, at the head of the xpear.—This
description of Paris doos much to bring the whole scene before the mind's
‘eyo of the hearer or reader.
320, mpl; adverbial.
321, wepuxadda nrA.> just a4 a hunter
gun, for which he has » personal affection.
322. Explanatory of wepemAAd ard, 321,
323. ‘HAin: apparently in the ame room as Alexander, — the pdyapov.
324. fpya: fy, woaving, spinning, and perhaps embroidery,
325 = 1 35,
326 ff. Heotor assumes onger at the Trojans as the cause of his
brother's absence from the field of battle. Of course ho know nothing
of Aphrodite's interference (I 374 ff.) and supposed that Paris had with.
drawn in yexation at the manifest disapproval of his countrymen. Cf,
* buaying himself about hia
SIXTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD 178
T S10 ff. —Gaspdve: «f B 190, 200,—pév: pjv.—rohd: predicate,
adverbial.
$27 ff, “ While the people are fighting and dying for your suke, you
sit idle at home.” —Aaol: contmsted with ot 8¢ 320; but the form of
expression ia changed. —apt: local.
928, ovo xrA.; parenthetical, —durh «rh; cf. A 492,
329, dnpuBiBne: of. B93.—" You should be ashamed of withdrawing,
You would be angry at any one else who should act thus.” —paxteae: cf:
E875, A 8. 330. Of, A210,
331. Gva: dvicryth. Soo § 55 ¢.—wvpie: of. BAIS.
a2. =1 58 f. 334. Of ATO.
335, Tpduv xédy2 because of anger at the Trojans; & reply to 326. —
weplorer [vederer): oft E757.
336. funy: cf. B265,—iWedroy xrd.: the real reason, according to Paris,
for his absence from the field of battle, — instead of a clause with doy
corresponding to réroov. 337, mopareiva: of: raperdy 62.
339. vixq «rA.: Paris had’consoled himself thus before. Cf. T 430 £.
340, Sdu (distinguished from the numeral by the quantity of the
penult): subjunctive, of Tapa A262; § 18%, The post might have said
Spa dw, “while T put on,” or “that I may put on”; but no one should
say that a Goal or temporal particle is omitted here.
341. ef: ‘limit of motion.
342 = F 689. — Hector is too angry to make any reply to his brother,
844, CAT ITZ. Seo on B36, F173.
B45. Spode: of! A 415, A 315.—span xh: of, B BSL. —eparov: of
AG. As soon us I was born.”
B46, ofertas arA,: seo on A 301,
348. dedepre: «would have swept me away.” A part of the unfulfilled
wish. dy would be expected in pross. Both tense and mode are under
‘the influence of the main verb. Cf 351.— mépor «rA.: before all this, ate.,
“and then all this would not have happencd.”"—rébe fpye: a general
expression for all tho battles and sorrows of which olen had been the
canise,
351. bs: me on ds A 70.—si6q¢ Le. apprecinted, had a sense for, —
alexa erd,: of. C24, F242. 352. iymbor: of. T 108.
353, vO: therefore. — bravphewrtes: cf. A 410,
354. Sibpy: of: T 424.
355. mévor: of: 77.—dplme: in apposition with od —« Rests upon
thee.”
174 COMMENTARY TO THE
356, Gr: of 100, 357, awl: construe with Ojxe. Cy. A 509,
380, wAdpdda; for the merle, cf A 158, — Cf. T 287.
359 = 263. 360. ddowrd wep: though thou art hospitable, Cf. T 207.
BEX. Oupds wrA.: of A173. — Shp" draptre: Sraptrun CY
362. plya: modities woBiv Exovrw. which is equivalent to xo#dovery and
fis followed by the genitive eueto [4poi
364. naropdpyy: equivalent to nngjrurdu 341. Cf B65,
B66. olka: cf. E413. It is explained hy the rest of the versa,
367. ¥, i: seo § 20 b,—bmdrpowos: predicate; ¢/. deuvriy 251.
369-502, One of the most charming episodes of tho J liad.
369°= 116. 370 = 497,
373: ripyy: ie. that at the Scanan Gate, See I 149, — Andromache
had set out for the Tower, apparently, after Heotor reached the city and
while he was at the home of Priam or of I So she had tinged mect-
ing her husband. But sho learned at the ‘Tower that Heotor was in the
city and hastened home to meet him.
374, ibov : within, at home, in the main hail, —vérpav: equivalent to chper:
378, yodéov: sc. Sipara. Cf. dv wurpés 47. ‘Tha English has the
same idiom,
379, dy"Adqvalys: ec. yqiv. Cad Minervac, —t0enrd.: of: 286 ff.
382. dmel: of. P59. 383 f. = 978 f.
387. «The Achacans have the mastery.”
389, pavopivy xrA.: in apposition with érayonéry 388. whem: of:
dydhirodos 399,
390 f, 4: sce on A 219, — ry avefy: construe with muréewvro, Equivae
Innt to Attic ravryv viv abriy, the Homeric article being demonstrative,
Of. tiv Xpteryy AML A
393. Exarég: for its porition, ane on ofAquéryy A 2.
396. ‘Herlor: for the repetition and the change of case, see § 10 6,
397, @ABq: of A300, Local. —Ke\ouees: these Cilicians dwelt far
from the historical nation of that name, which lived at the northeast
comer of the Mediterrancan Sea.— dSpeoow : dative
B98, Soro : of, eye F123, —“Bwrope : dative of agent.
399, 4; demonstrative.—abr§: herself, as contrasted with the maid.
Seo on A 47.
400. ares : cf. T 220); soe § 42 i.
401. Aiymoy «rd, : re pulchrior Hornce Car, iii, 9. 21,
Like a fair angel.” Cy, + Tn shining draperies, headed like a atar, | Her
maiden babe, a double April old,' Teanyson The Princess,
SIXTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD 16
402 f. The father named his son from the chief river of the land (cf.
Simolsius, 4 474, named from the Simots, and [daeas, P 248, nomed from
ME. Ida), but the people gave to the son the name which was appropriate
to the father. So the eon of Odysseus is called Telomachus (B 260, riA,
payouat), not because the boy fought far away from home, but because»
the father was fighting at Troy while the boy was a child ; Achilles’ son
is called Neoptolomus on tho father's account. Othor examplos are found
in flomer and in the Old Testamont.— of dAdo: of: B O05. —"Aerrudveucrs =
diag sects to be strictly protecting lord (cf: & 38), and the idea of * pro-
tector,’ is often more prominent in this word than that of «rnjer,’ Hector
was never king or ruler of Troy. Thas’Acrudvuxre at the beginning of
the verse is oxplained by dpiers, defended. «Ho was the only defender.”
406 = 255.
407. Sapéna; cf: 326, and note tho difference in the speaker's tone, —
70 wiv pivor: of. A 207.
408. Sppopoy : equivalent to évepopay. Contrast with P 182.
409, csi: genitive of soparation, with xipq droma. Cf. ed 411.
411, x6va fipevas : of, 19.
419. BAN Byews bul only grieft.
414. busy: jperepor. Cf. jyuerdpy A 30. 415 {. Parenthotical.
417. 0888 xrA. : Dut he did not, ete. Of, WT. — 8 yes bie, Hovapitan
419. bel: over him; advorbial with dyecv.— wept: adverbial,
420, bpondies: of. the *Naiad,’ vindy vpis of 22. ‘The «Dryada* and
‘Hamadrynds” are not mentioned in Homer,
421. of: relative, referring to of pév 422 as ite autecedant. Cy. T 182.
422. to: doi, § 11 2; equivalent to r@ aire. C/. pia P 238,—"Arbos
4.
424. be’ aendferm KrA.: of. 25, B 187, and B81. —dpyewie: of
P 141, 198.
425 1. Paciewy: send queen.—sfv: demonstrative, her. — Beige: i. to
Troy.—@Aowr: the captive queen may have been counted as part of the
xrjyara, but a good Greek construction would allow this to be taken ax
with her treasures, too.” Cf. B 621, B 191.
427, doBiv: ac. from her father, Of. A 13.
428, warpés: Le. Andromache’s grandfather's. —“Apraug: ef. 200. Thix
is contrasted with $ ye Ho released her, but Artemis slew her.”
429 f, ‘Those verses sum up the thought of 413 ff, “Thou art my all.”
‘This prepares the way for the request that Hector should remain within
the walls. — dup: of: 88.
176 COMMENTARY TO THE
431. viv: contrasted with what is implied in 407.—dMerpe: of. 407, —
airoé: explained by él mipyy. Seo on B 237.
432, ‘Chissmas’; § 16 a, — dphanndy: predicate. —yuvatea: more
pathetic here than gué Seo on A 240,
433 ff. This advios ix not out of place in the mouth of the general's
wife, who doubtless had taken more interest than most in the plans for
the dofonse of the city.—Homer makes no othor reference to a part of
the Trojan wall as particularly vulnerable or accessible, But Pindar says
that Aenous, father of Poluus and grandfather of Achilles, aided the gods
Apollo and Poseidon in building the wall, and that an omen indioated
that the mortal’s work should be overthrown, while the gods’ work stood
firm, —Iépyopor dngl reais, Gpws, xepds Ipyataus dAlerverae Ol. vil. 4
Perganos is taken where thy hands have wrought,
433, lpvedy: noted Iandinark. Cf, A 167, X 145,
435. idévee : soe on Iv A 158.
436. dys" Atarre: of: B 445,12 146.
438 {, Gorpomloy crX. : for the genitive, sop on B 718, See on 433 ff.—
airiv ; their own, as opposed to oracles and omens. — Cf sive dolo, seu
iam Troine sic fata fercbant Vorg. Aen. ii, H4.
441. vibe mdvea: all this, —especially
442. Tpéas : for tho accusative, see H, 712; G, 1049,
443. A reply to the request to direct from the Tower the operations of
the army.— ddwexdte : ¢/. E253,
444. oi6i Ereyer: i.c. forbids. C7, ob8t ure B 832, —tppavan to higs, ~
equivalent to dpurrivay 208.
446. dpvipeos: of A 159, —airoi
implied in tpér. Gf. 490, B 741, BO
used instead of the murpde and dudy.
447-449 = A 163-165, where the vorson aro less impressive. Appia
(Pun. 132) says that Scipio qooted them with reference to Rome,—Tlle
dies yeniet quo Pergama sacra peribunt,
450 ff. A reply to 420-432.
450. Tpdov: objective genith “Ido not grieve so much for the
Trojans." Contrastod with ocd 454.—Observe that Tpduy, "Ext Sys,
smoryvfray all come just before the verse-pause.
452. In prose the arrangement might be obre risv waAAiy re wal doOhiae
xamyyvirev ot rh, 453) i Avbpdei: of. B STA, T 436.
455, Gynra (as future): sc. og into captivity,—ieiOepov «rhe of
462; sce §16d y The word eAcvBepia ia not found in Homer,
intensive, agresing with duot
~The dative might have been
SIXTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD 17
456. mpis Eye: at the bidding of another woman: fe. aa slave. Cf.
A280.
457. Sup: | fetching water’ is an important duty of women in oriental
countries. — Mereqitor (ac. xpyjvpe): ablatival genitive, from Mexveis.
—A spring by this name is mentioned near Sparta, and one called
Hyporea in Thosaly (B 7:4). Perhaps the poct thus indicates the
possibilities that Andromache may be given as a prize to Menelans or
Achillos. ‘Tho later tradition made her the prize of Achilles’ son Neop-
tolemus, At any rate this verso makes dv "Apya mont definite.
458. woNAd athe: much against thy will Explained by the following
“hemistich.”
459. etrgow: nearly equivalent lo the fature indicative, as i# Khown by
the repetition of this thought in Ss fpéa 462. CY. 310,
460. “Exropos: note the position. AGL. dphepdxovro: se. "Aymiol.
462. &s lpia: for this repetition of dry (both standing before the
verse-pause), of: A 182 with A 176.
463, x¥ret: causal, —roo08e: sc, a8 T.— Spivey: for the infinitive, see
Hi, 952; G. 1626. —Boidev xrd. 55. SovAoodvg is not » Homeric word,
464. pe r@rpdra: my body.” “May I be dead and buried.”
465. eply: construe with wufdoGa. Natural in English as in Greek,
“before I hear,” instoad of * before the time when I should hear.” —ets
Bone: nearly equivalent to aot Boxeys.
466. waibis: genitive after a ‘verb of aiming’; of: MereAdow 8 100,
468. warpds xr: paronthotical, giving the caus» of éAivOy lixww. It
is explained by the following verac, which is further explained by 470.
470. Bavév: cognate acousative with vecorra. Cf. 182, 1°87.
472. airia er. ‘asyndeton! Cf. A 539. 473. C7. T 298.
474. nice: kissing is mentioned in but two other passages of the
Niad, and those both refer to the acts of suppliants.
475, beotiperos: cf: uvjoos A 201.
476, For thie prayer, of. thnt of Ajax for his boy, & mal, pirow warpie
emuydarrepes, | rh 8 ANN Sows + nal yi’ Ay od xaxés Soph. Afar 550 £.;
and Burna’ Lament of Mary Queen of Seats, +My son! my son! may kinder
stars | Upon thy fortune shine; | And may those pleastres gild thy reign |
‘That ne'er wad blink on mine.”
477. ol tyé: for the «ud, correlative with «a/ 478, see H. 1042. The
English {diom omits it.—dpewpeméa KrA.: of, B 483,
470. vi: for its position, of. 817.—dviewur: in the same construction
as yorirBae 476. CF. A 38. Observe the reference to the name Astyowax,
178 COMMENTARY TO THE
479. re: mony a one; cf, B2T1.—wedddv: see on A 78.
490, dnévra: for the accusative after a+ verb of saying,’ see IE, 725 a;
G, 1073, The clause warpde «7A. is the other object of the verb,— “May
many a one say of him as he returns from the war.”
481. xapein erA.: ie closely connected in thought with tho first half of
the verse, The mother is to rejoice in the bloody spoila with which her
son returns, 66 a proof of his bravery. As Hector thinks of his son, he
forgets his ill-bodings,
482, ddsxo: this iso delicate touch of the poet,— that Hector does
not return the ebild to the nurse (from whom he took hima, 466 if), bat
gives him into the arma of his wife, —intrusting him to ber care,—
ipo ard: of: A441.
4B3. Kndbec: of. 288.—xOdwy: fo her bosom. For the dative, of, 136.
484. Soxpuder: “through ber tears.” 485 = A S61, B 972.
487 ff. 1 shall not be killed unless this is fated; and if desth ia
appointed for me now, T cannot escape it." — dmip aleav: of B 155, —
“Au erhai of: A3.—megvypbov Sppores: meparyime Cf I'309, E 873,—
yBpav: construe with of tua. 489. rd pire: of. A 6.
490, tris: in agreement with the ood implied in od. Cf abrov 446.
491. lerdv erA.: in apposition with dpya 490, Contrasted with wkcpor
Andromache is to do ber duty at home; the men will do theirs in battle.
499. rol "Dily ard: added after the cnesurn, making waow definite,
494. hero: of! 172.
495. Treopur: the ultima ix treated as long before a pause; § 50 l
496. Bodepiv wrd.: of. I 497 = 370.
499. dpovmddove: it ix better to say that this is in apposition with
wodAds, than that wodAds agrees with this. § 11 j.—tdpeev: of: dvdpro
A599. BOO. yéor: lamented. SOL. dmérpomav: prodicate; ef, dvriog b4-
502. ulvos ath: of: moos xupiw B 506. «The mighty arms." § 10 dy
503-529. This scene forms a sharp contrast with the preceding.
Paris goes out to battle without Heetor’s premonitions of disaster, and
with no fears for the safety of his family. also the scene in the houas
of Paris (321 ff.) is a foil to that in Hector’a (498 ff).
503. otf: nor,
505. dvd Gorv: clearly not of ascent, since his home was near Heotor’s,
and the latter rushed mr* dymds 891. —wenoités: of. B 702, E 200.
506 f, Cf. (Turnus) fulgebatque alta deourrens aureus arco]
exultatque animis...qnalis nbi abruptis fugit praesepia
vinelis | tandem liber eqaas campoque potitus aperto | aut
SIXTH BOOK OF THE ILIAD. 179
ile in pastus armontaque tendit equarum| aut adsuctus
aquae perfundi flumine noto|omioat arreetiaque fremit
cervicibus alte |Juxurians Induntque iubae per eolls, per
armos Verg, Aen, xi. 400 Contention, like a horse | Full of high
fooding, madly hath broke loose, Shakspere 2 Henry Fourth §. 1.9 f.; + But
like & proud steed reined, went banghty ou, | Cbamping his iron curb,"
Milton Par, Lost iv. 853 f.— Paris is a welled, comfortable creature,
without cares, and with a very good opinion of hiruself.
507, Oly: Béy, cf. treAekero A 5, —mblow: of. 2, 38.
508, orapote: for the gunitive, of: B 6.
509, Kubiduv: of. mBei yulor A 405, wxyyadduy 514,
510. dow: of. A 45.—6 &: the construction is changod, and thia is
Jeft without a verb. For the « anacoluthon,’ ¢/- B58, B 130 £.; «The eye
that mocketh at his fathor, and dospiseth to obey his mother, the ray
‘of the valley shall pick it out, and the young eagles shall eat it,
Proverbs xxx. 17.
514. Paris clearly isin good humor, +
515. Erempev: of. AT4,— abv Apa wrA.: was just about; of, 62.
516 f. Ironical. Paris plumes himself on overtaking Hector, as he had
said that he would do in 341. —évalepov: dy afoy, “ at the right time.”
Cf: drizrrioy B50. — dos dnideves : sc. 301 ff.
522. tvalewos: “in his right mind," with reference to the same word
in 519, though in a different sense,
$22 £. tpyor ndxns: action in battle. — pada: ve. dap, Cf. 830, — 48
wether of 407.
524. by Oni: of: TY. —aleyea: of. 151. — dnote: subjunctive; oft A 80.
525. mpis Ypduv: from the Trojans. Cf mpas EXAns 155.
526. Vopv: faye. — rd 6: i.e, any offense in my words, —dparwdpea :
of. 8.802. — al nd wets: of: A198, —« If the gods will grant that we may
drive out the Achneuns, and in gratitude offer (set up) a bow! in colobrs-
tion of freedom." 527. ols xh: of; B 400.
528. DeiGepov: explained by the following verse.
529. Aédwavrar: agrees with pie implied as the subject of erjoanfa.
Por the accusative, of
‘Tho Sixth Book of the Jind, after the first hundred verses, has pro
sented # succession of peaceful scenes, The progeess of the story seems
to be interrapted for a fow moments by the episode of Diomed and
Glunous (119-236), Tut this episode serves to oooupy the time during
which the poet's hearer thought of Hector os traversing the plaix, on hin
180 COMMENTARY
‘way to the clty. ‘The three scenes of Hector’s visit to Troy—his Inter.
view with his mother, his call at the house of Paris and Holen, his parting
with Andromache —form a contrast with the contlieta which have been
described, and make prominent the domestic life of the brave warrior,
The hearer’s interost in his subsequont fate is groatly heightened. ‘Tho
intense pathos of the last Books of the Jia center in the death of
Hoctor and tho grief of the Trojans. ‘This Book propares the way for
‘our sympathy with Hecuba as she implores her son to enter the gates and
not withstand Achilles (X 79-89); and with Andromache, when grief comes
over her as she seos Hector’s body drawn to the Greek camp after the
chariot of Achilles (X 437-915); and with the dizges of Andromache,
Hooubs, and Holen when the body of Hector is brought buck to the city
(8 718-776). Tf Andromache had not been introduced here, she would
have been but @ name, and her grief would not have been nearly 50
pathetic at the clase af the poem. ‘The hoarer is here brought into the
family circle of Priam, and is never after this without a heart for the
‘Trojan misfortunes.
‘Tho Seventh Book opens with the welcomed rvturn of Hector and
Paris to the hant-prosaed Trojans. After several Gronks have boon slain,
Athena and Apollo arrange for a single combat between Hector
—Dnt night comes on and interrupts the duel, in. which Ajax hal the
advantage. See § 6 g.
VOCABULARY
x0
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD
Elomonts of compound words aro
indicated, 60 far ax may be, by Ayphens
Forms between marks of parenthesis are fer etymological comparison.
Attic forms are occasionally added in brackets,
The gender of ferninine nouns in
‘The gender of masculine nouns in -o¢ is not marl
05 is indicated by f. or fem.
The gendor of neutor nouns in -og is indicated by the gonitive ending.
B-awror: unapproachahle, invincible.
dderxeros (Zxw): irresiatibie, unman-
ageable.
Boros (sutis): insatiate,
“Aparres, pl.: carly inhabitants of
Euboes, B 536.
*AfapPapin: a fountain nymph.
“ABas, wros: a ‘Trojan, slain by
Diomed, E148,
“ApAnpos: a Trojan, slain by New
tor's son Antilochus, 2 92.
S-fkte, Fro: (BiMAw)! unshol, new
(of an arrow). A LET,
EPs (fiw): weit,
wounded by a miksile, A 540.
E-fryxpis 3: delicate, weak, tender.
*ApUbsber : from Abydus. & 500.
“ABvb0s: Abjdws, In the Troad, on
the south side of the Hellespont,
B 880.
not
opposite Sestus,
A
dye (yoy, of: ingens), xtrongth-
ening profix: very, exceedingly.
§ 40 a.
Syaye: aor, of ya, lead.
dyads 3: quod, nodle, useful, exp.
we ful in wor, brave. Rarely used
‘of moral quality. Boj» dyubis
good at the eur ery, brave ix war,
dyaoeherds 3 ancl dyahvris («AdOR
renowned, famed, highly praised.
A ydAAopins (deyAade) * delight, exult.
Byadpa, ros: light, treasure.
Byopas, aor. iydeeraro, dyurodpalha:
admire, wonder ut,
“Ayapiprey, -ovog: Agamemnon, son
of Atreus, grandson of Pelops
(B 104 ff), king at Myoenae
(BS00 fF). As the leador of the
exped
the Iliad. The first part of the
2 VOCABULARY TO THE
Eleventh Hook is devoted to a
recital of his brave deeds, At
the close of the war, on his ar
rival at home, hewas alain by his
false wife Clytaemueatea and her
paramour (Agamemnon’s cousin)
Acgisthus (a 35 ff., 8 512-537,
‘4409 ff).
: unmarried. Y' 40.
Serb orien (nlm tne) mary orn
snow clad. Epithet of Olympus,
A 420,
dyarés 32 kindly, winning. BAGH.
“Ayamfvep, -opos: Arcadian lender.
B 600.
dyaryrés (dyamriin) = beloved. Z401.
dyd-ppoos (jiu) : with strong stream.
“Ayactlens, cos (0/ mighty strength):
son of Augins, 8 624.
dyarviuda: aor. of yaya, wonder,
dyavis: aidmirable, excelent, noble.
Ayydin s mesvage, news. B87.
&ypAins and Byphos: mevvenger.
byyDAw © announce, bear a message
Eyrot, tot: vewed, bowl, pan. BTL.
ys, Gyere: strictly imy. of dyw,
bring, but generally used as inter
jection, up, come! dye even with
pl, os B S81. Cf. dypa.
yelp, avr, mid, dydpurro anil dypo-
pévourw, pipt. depyyipxro, aor, pass.
Sylphy and syepber [ipy(pbyoov)
(qrex): collect, bring together,
menemble.
dyehuly = giver of booty.
Athena as war goddex. % 260.
GyQy-ds: locat,, inthe herd. § 33 a.
dyin inf, Byer lap. © of yw, lead.
Byer [Zdypoay]: nar. pass. of Eyvyp.
Epithet of
Aafpaeros: icitheat gift of honor
Gyépns). A110.
byép0n, dylpowro: nor, of dyeipo.
Ayipwxos: prowl, mighty, impeuona
Syn: nor, pass, of Eyrjus break,
éynyipare : ppt. pl. of dyerpm.
*Ayirwp, opor: brave Trojan lender,
gon of Autenor. A 457, A 59,
Sy-frmp, -cpos (dimgp): manly, proud.
2 aver young, imper~
dynrée (dyupat) : cutmirable, splendid.
“Ayesios: an Argonaut. B 600.
dyxés, uly. + fn hiv arma. E871,
dyxXtvas: aor. partic. of dvaxAivay
Jean upon. S113.
dyuvho-ufiens (ujris): crooked minded,
crafty.
Epithet of Cronus,
vurced. 289,
twith curved bows
dyer, -divog (angle, ankle): elbow.
B 582,
“Ayhaty: mother ef Nirens, B 672.
Ayhain, looat, as dat, dyAatyebe: aplene
Cf. dydAopan.
ayAade : clear, splonilid, glorious.
d-yroue, aor. Hyvolyrey (pyrdaxw) =
fixil to not
yvons, aor. subjy, dfy aor, partie.
Harr nor. pass. dyn and dyer
[édynoay] (fay § 82): Break,
break in pieces.
Eyoves (yavos): unborn, TAO.
dyopdopas, impf. iyyoptavro, aor,
dyopijoaro (dyopn) i hold an arsenic
hiy, deliberate, address an assembly.
fyopeiw: speak, say, tefl; hol am
turembly. 6 for8" éyspeve: advise
to flee ( slight).
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD 8
Syorh (dycipw): anembly, spect to
an assembly, place of asvembly.
dyophter, adv. from the assembly.
dyophy-Be, adv: to the assembly,
ASA.
Syepnrts [arp]: speaker, orator.
yds (dym): lender, 4265.
Syn, interjection: up, come!
(Strictly imy. of dypio [aipéw),
take hold.) Cf. dye B05.
Bypios (dypés): wild (of animals),
sarage, & 2%, 100.
dypopérnow ; aor. partic. of dyeipw.
Aypés (ager, acre): field, country
(opp. to city). dyp@: in the field,
dypérepos 3: wild (of animale),
$406,
dyud (yw) : street, may. Z 301.
Byys, adv. : near, with genitive.
"Ayxtodos: oo Greek, alain by Heo-
tor. E609,
dyxt-adog (As): near the sea. Ein
thet of const cities B G40.
Syxepaxnris: hand-to-hand fighter,
who fights with sword and spear,
in contrast with javelin throwers.
dyxtpadoy, ady.: near. A 529,
*Ayxtems: Anchiser, king of the
Dardanians, father of Aencas by
Aphrodite. B S19, B 247, ¥ 249.
Byxwrra (iyi), adv. + mout wemrly,
Syxurrives: near, in thick succession.
Syxoi, adv. : near. B172,T 120.
Ayxe (ango, Germ. eng): ehate.
ravi.
ye, impf. jye or dyer, fut. age,
aor. jyaye or Gaye, aor. imys
dere: lead, bring, fetch, lead
eray (the connection indicating
from what and to what the mo-
tion tends),
SSahper, -orvs (dibiraw); unskitled
inexperienced, with genitive.
S-Bdeptros = without wears, teurtess.
‘bdtv aor, inf. of dvBive, please,
BBeApeds or BBApuds * hirather. (ABe-
bis is not Homeric, nactyrqros
is more than twice ns freq. ax
BeApecs.)
&5qv, adv. + in plenty, to eatiety,
Bins 3: thick crowded, hudilled.,
“Abpnves: = Admetus, Thessalion
king, husband of Aleestix, father
of Bumelus, BUS f
“ASpferaa: Mysian town. B 823.
*ASpnertyn: daughter of Actrastur,
Acgialea, E412. Both wife and
maternal aunt of Diomed. § 29 i,
“ASpnotes | Adrastus, (1) Argive
king who gave his daughters in
marriage to Tydens and Polyniem,
B S72. (2) Leader of Trojan
allies. B 830, (8) A Trojan.
Za,
Ghvrev (diw) = (place —not-to-te-
entered), sanctuary, FE 148, 512.
SeBhebw : contend in games & B89,
GaBhog [40A08) > struggte. conflict.
Gaibu, inpt. dedow (bw) =
aunt, -é, unseemly, shameful, pitiful.
delpa, aor. partic. dapaséry, pipf.
dupro [alpu) < rise, tbe wp; plpf.
pass. wax hanging.
Saxalspevos 5 (d-pex): ayuinst His will,
ZAb8.
deiewy, -ovorw [deuw, § 247 95 ore
willing, against (his) will. A 327,
E 1.
ad
4 VOCABULARY TO THE -
baddAgs, -€ with Korlowros, cloud of
dust. T 1%.
Bile (cf. augeo, was) : inereaar.
GaperLomos (daipw, mov), pI. daperimodes :
high-stepping (of buorses).
*AqdGne: Actor. B 513.
S-tyxés, neut. adv. = incessantly, une
erasingly. A136.
Sgopar: dry, season, & 487,
Stopar: recerence, feel pious fear.
Sinus, prew. partic. dévrés: blow (of
the wind). E526.
Ship, dat. Heo (wure), f: air (os
opp. to the clear aithjp), mix.
E 864.
Aivhos = wicked, dreadful, equiv. to
alevaos. FE S70.
EAdvoros 3: wneiying, immortal, im-
porishable. d@dvarot : immortals.
d-tepite : disregard, slight. A261.
A Bio-paroy: unspeakable, ineffably
great, 4,
"Adios, pl. (§ 87 ): Athens,
“ADqvaiog: Athenian. & 323.
"Adin and “Arain: the goddess
Athena, Minervs. She sppours
often in Homer as war goddess, as
sho is ropresented in later works
of art; hence she is culled Tad
Ais, spearbrundishing, phaunimesy
gleaming-eyed, dycdcin, giver of
booty, Aaowerios, rowser of the
people. (AOquty is to Adjry as
Avayeaty to doxyep, and ata to +f.)
ABpson, pl: assembled, all together,
united. B 439.
at [ed]: if af xe: div, at yip
often introduces a wish,
BSt6,
ala : earth, equiv. to aie, ¥7.
Alaxifys: son of Acaeus, Of Achil-
los, grandson of Aencus. B 860.
Ais, -avros: Ajax. (1) Son of Tela-
mon, king of Salamis, the might-
iest of all the Achaewns, next to
Achilles. A 128, B 657, 768 4.,
T 226 ff. Telamonian Ajax ts
always meant when no. distin-
guishing epithet is nsad. (2) Son
of Otleus, swiftfooted leader of
the Loorians. B S27 ff. He waa
shipwrecked and drowned on the
vayage home from Troy. —
‘Throughout the battles of the
Iliad, the two Alayre stand near
one to the other, and are often
mentioned together,
Alyalor, -wvos = Aegacon, a hundred-
armed giant of the sea, son of
Poseidon; called Boufpens by the
gods. A 404.
atyawn (alg): javelin, used chiefly
for hunting or in games. B774.
Alydtine: son of Acgeus, Thosous.
A265.
atyaos (ais), adj. + of goatakin,
atyapes, f. : black poplar. & 482,
Atyddea> daughter of Admatus
(E 412), wife of Diomed.
Alyadds: (1) the north const of
Peloponnesus, on the Corinthian
Gulf, from Corinth to the Blean
frontier; the later Achaea, B75.
(2) A town in Paphlagonia,
B 855.
alyiadts = coast, shore, B 210.
Alyn), -cros, {2 a district () under
the rule of Odyaseus, B 683,
=
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THR ILIAD 6
Atyiva: Aegina, island in the Sa-
ronie Gulf, B 562.
Atywoy:: city in Achaea, B O74.
alyioxos (Zxw): angiebearing, freq.
epithet of Zeus, esp. in the gen.
Auds alySyo. A 202, 222.
alyis, ~iBor: aegis; tho shield of
Zeus, wrought by Hephaestus
prob. an emblem of the thunder
storm. Describad E788 ff; of.
BA47£, Athena also holds it (or
one) in B 447, E788 ff. See Fig.
AEGIS
alyhys gleam, brighiness. B 458.
alyAq-aus : gleaming, bright-shining.
alSiouas and alSopas, aor, pines,
partic, aiderBoie (aids) = feel hon-
oruble shame or self-rexpect, reo
erence, am abashed before.
d-lonror (d-pid:): (making unseen),
destructive, destroying. B 807,
“Axlins, gon, “Aidew and “AiBos, dat,
“Ath, "AiBunie (0B) + Hades, god
of the unseen lower world, His
realm is the home of the dead,
and in the Ztad it is beneath the
earth (6f, @ 16, 1 565 ff,, Y 61,
X 482), while in the Odyssey
Odysseus mails to it, noross
Ocoanus («605 Mf.), and finds in
itn faint, ghostly imitation of life
on earth. Freq, wre the elliptical
exprosiions dg 'AiBuo (se. Bépovs),
“Nios eleras, to the realms of Hades,
alBotos (aldis) 9: recered, honorett,
modest. BOI, % 250, :
aiBopan : seo ofBéoyne
EsBpus, “ews (oldu) x witlens, P210.
*AiBuwis: parallel form of "AiSne.
albbs, ace. alda oF alin : shieme, nense
of honor; often ina good wnse
for which « word is lacking in
English, Also #hame, disgrace,
Nakednes, genitalia, B 262,
elit, ally [det] (aevum, ever); of
ways.
oluyodens © everexixting, dumortal,
dermal. Cf. aliv Uéyres A 200.
ally lire: evertiving, ely. wo
the preceding,
AliyAos: unseen, in some editions for
Updos. B 818,
attyés, adj. as subst,
aldaré0g, -ecrera : sooty,
Epithet of the wéAafpw, ‘The
Homorie housé hai no chimneys,
B15,
off: introduces a wish, an A 415,
aliip,-dpor, {.: the pure upper aether
above the clouds, in contrast with
the lower dajp. aiBipe vaiuy > duels
in the aether, i.e. in the sky.
Aline, pl.2 » people in Thessaly, on
the slopes of Mt, Pindus. B74,
AlGloms, pl,, ace. AlBomjas : Aethin-
viens, Viving in two nations, at
the extreme cast and west, on
the borders of Ocoanus. They
6 VOCABULARY TO THE
are pious men, loved and visited
by the god, @ 28, A 423,
‘al06pevos (ae sbias): burning, blazing.
alloves (acdes): portion, corridor.
The pl. ix used of the two, one
(aiBourn abdijs) an outer corridor,
Ubrough whieh a passage lod from
without into the court; the other
(aibovera Siparos), through which
& passnge led from the court into
the house,
alBoy, aco. aioma: bright, gleaming,
exp. of bronze and wine. A 402,
AOpn: Acthra, daughter of Pitthous,
wife of Aegens, mother of The
seus. She accompanied Helen to
Troy aa slave. D144.
allay, savog: bright (of iron, & 485),
brown, taxny, bay.
the subjunctive.
alps, -avos: blood, race, descent.
aiparoag: hloody, Bleeding, B207.
Alpovitys: Macon. A 304,
Alvelag, gun. Alveiao, Alveiw (§ 34 ©) =
Aenéas, the hero of the Aeneid, sum
of Anchises and Aphrodite, the
bravest of the Trojans, next to
his thint cousin Hector, E 408.
He was swerely wounded by
Diomed, but was rescued by his
mother, and healed by Apollo in
his wanple; he led one of the
battalions against tho Achoean
wall; he met Achilles, and would
have been slain by him bat for
the intervention of Poseidon.
He was of the royal family of
‘Troy, and the gods had decreed
that he and his descendants
should rule over the Trojan race.
Y 210 HE, 07 f.
alvéo (alvos) : praise, commend,
Alvéter: from Agnus. A520,
alvds 3; «rear, dreadful, terrible, hor=
rible, aii? cognate ace, adv.
with rexoiow A 414.
alvérares: most dread, esp, with
Kpoviby. A 552, 8 25.
atvopos: fake. & 531,
alvde: dreadfully, terribly, mightily.
alg, alyée: goat. T 24, 4105.
Siges: nor. partic. of Airway rusk
AlMGye: on of Acolus, Sixyphus.
ZL
aioho-Vapng: swith bright, shining euie
roxy. 3 480. +
alcdo-plnpns: with bright, xhininy belt
of mail (nizpy). 70.
atohé-mwhos ; with (quick>moving) fast
horees. T 185,
aléror: (quick-moving), bright. E266.
alrards (almis) 3+ lofty, high-tying.
alméduov: hen! of yoals, herd, BAT4,
alwéhos (alg, wo-): (goat-tender),
goatherd, herdrman. 3 275.
Alo: town under Nestor’s rule,
B 502,
aleis, almein: lofty, towering, steep,
sheer. almiv GAeOpov : utter destrun-
tin. B 588, % 57.
Alwimes, adj.: of Aepytus, an old
Arcadian hero. B 604.
alpds, fut. aljerojen, wor. Gre OF
tre: take, grasp, soize, gain, cap-
ture, overcome; mid. choose,
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE TLIAD 7
alee (alruyas!): share, fot, allotted
portion, term of life. mara alow:
as is (my) due, equiv. to akoyuae
Alors: Acsipur, (1) A river in
Trojan Lycia, emptying into the
Propontis near Cyzicus, B 825,
(2) Son of Bucolion, slain by
Euryalus. Z 21.
alowpos (alia): iting, suitable, duc.
dlree [foow], wor. Hibs, digas, aur.
pass. ud mid iy: rusk, hasten.
wall Temww digarre: leaping down
from the chariot. yoiras dirworras:
the (hair) mane sloatz, Z 610,
Alevirm: an old Trojan, BTA.
alovros: dreadful, horrible, E 403,
aloyurrog: ugliest.
alexor,-ws shame,
inwult, T2842, % .
aloxpds: disgraceful, reproachful.
olexevw disgrace, bring shame upon.
alrlo: ask, beg, request. Z 176.
aires 3: accountable, guilty, to Mame,
Alrékios and Alrodée: aw Ariolian,
AlrwAol: Actolinmes, B @38, 4.527.
Aixpdte, frit. adyudeerovee: ssield the
lance (aixps}), brandish. A 324,
alxyf: lance point, point, lance, spears
alxpnris (also olxygrd E197):
spenrman, warrier, equiv. to dy
paxyrys, with an implication of
bravery. Gf. dyyiirrados,
alga: straightiony, quickly. A 203.
aly, ~avoa (del): oh of lift, bife.
"Anwas, -avros (miuvw): Aewmas,
(1) Thracian, alain by
BS, F462, % 5 (2) §
Ajox,
Ewiperros (wily)! wasooried, wm
wearging. Epithet of fire, EB 4,
dnaxitm, perf. partic. dauxrperoy
and daenxquérg: mid. grieve, am
troubled, Cf. yim, % 480.
delopas, or. ixéoaro (de0g, panacea):
heal, eure. E448.
detuy : silent, quiet, Generally inde-
clinable, but also fem. dedourn.
Of. driv. AB4, 505,
denfiServos (mpbopm): uncared for,
unburied (of corpwe). Z 80.
dagy, ady. nce.: quietly, still, hushed.
Of deta, 105, A 420.
d-ufipvos ; heartless, cowanily. BE S12,
deaxpirn: perf. partic, of dnayZen
Gxovne (noir, Kd) fem: (bet
dxovrge, aor, deine and ‘decries
crayros: hurl the javelin (ane),
hurt. A 408.
Enospos: unordered, diwrderly, wn
fiting, B23.
dxorréa (door), barley): am well
Jet (of a hors). 2 606.
deovdgu: hear. sporrer Barrie dxond-
CorBor: “you two are the first
invited to # feast.” 4 343.
dxoba, nor. Fxowrn or xovem (hear):
hear, give car, bey learn,
“answer.”
dapdavros (xpunivm): un/iutsilled,
anacconptished. B 138,
Gxpn (strictly fom, of Axpor) (meus,
eile): summit, cape, promontory.
Sexpnror (nepdivvypc): unmired, pure,
aeurbal dxpytu: libations where no
water wets mized with the wine.
8 -VOCABULARY TO THE
dxpuroyios: endless pratiler, of
‘Thersites, B 246.
E-aperes (xpivwo): (wneeparated), con-
Fuser, immoderate, unreasonable,
uanumnbered, endiees. B 706, ¥ 412.
dxpurd-qwAdoe: with connitess leaves,
leafy. B 868,
SxpS-xopos (x6u) : with hair upon the
crown of the heat, ie. with hair
bound in a knot om top of the
ead (or with a scalplock),
4533,
Axpo-rédor! higlotowering, lofly.
Sxpos (acer) 5, superl. dxpdraros:
uttermost, highest, Only of place.
depy édis: equiv. to dxparodis.
Expy xan? the end of the arm, the
hand, &e Bp jypap: on the tip of
the pole. Axporiry Kipus: very top
af the helmet, S499, % 470.
dxerf: headland, promontory, shore.
*Anroplov: descenlant of Actor, of
his grandsons. B 621.
“Axrp,-opos: sonof Azeus. B513.
dxant (de) & point, tip. E16, 67.
Axwv, -ovros: facelin. 187.
Boke (GAs): to the sor, A 308.
Warns (GAWAd = hurrah): a loud
shout, war ery.
“Adadxopernts (dAddew, ward off):
epithet of Athena, ax the De-
fowler, Protector, & 8, E008,
Papas: wander. % 201,
Aoradvis 3, comp dAamubyérepos :
weak, powerless, wnecarlibe.
@aréju, fut. iAamigag: sack, de-
airoy, 6166.
‘AMerrop, -opor: (1) &
A205 (2) A Lycian.
Pylian,
Ev.
Ayla, avr, parti, dpjous: suffer
pain, ache. B 260,
Sdyoe, «08: grief, pain, trouble, woe.
Seyurds J: painful, grivvous,
Beye (cf. dAdyo, nogligo): re
gard, heed.
Deaiva = avoid, shun. ZT.
“Addrvow: place in Elis. B 617.
Sdelrys : sinner, evil doer. 128,
“Adigardpes (GAEo, dip, warderoff
of men): Alexander, perhaps the
Greek translation of Paris (and
used four times as freq.). Son
of Priam, husband of Helen, and
thus the author of the ‘Trojan
War. His single combat with
Menelaus, the earlier hasband of
Helen, is described in P16 ff
For his home, see 213 ff. Only
in ono (Inte) passage (0 20 4.)
does Homer mention the «Judge
ment of Paris.’
@ddgw, fut, partic. efprovra (day
Alexander): ward eff, hence (with
dat. of interest) defend. 2 100.
Alona or @redopas, aor, ddaiare
($48 A), aor, subje, dAcdeBas
escape, avoid. bdevipaver: in flight.
B26, #44,
Drybite, -€e: true, ddyBia truly, the
truth. % 982.
“Adipov mBlov: the Alvan plain in
Asia Minor, where Bellerophon
wandered. Z 201.
@Ajpersu’ gather, aor. pase inf. of
rw, eronedl together. Be $28,
Mopar: am healed, BART.
“AMapros: Haliartws, in Bowotia, on
Lake Copiils. B 509,
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD 9
&Alacrrog: (unberiding), waighty, rio
lent, BUT.
AAlynios: resembling, like. % 401.
“Adore, pls people who dyelt in
Bithynia on tho Euxine. B 856.
“Ader: i Lycian, slain by Odystous.
£678,
Sdv05 : fruitless, ineffeclual, in rain,
dios (iiAs): of the sea, dwelling in the
a, A 538,
dus (pads); aslv.2 fn throngs, enough
EAlowouas, sor, partic, dAcdou and
aXévre (pad-): am captured, taken.
E487, B 874, 4 201.
"Adxavpos: 0 Lycian, alain by
Odysseus. E678.
BAnap ; defense, protection, BE O44.
duh, dnt, Ani: defense, help,strength
Jor defense, courage, bravery.
"Ardenons: Alccatis, daughter of
Polias, who died for her Tue
band Admétus, B715. Her de
votion to her husband became
proverbial, and her death ts the
theme of a play of Euripides,
Brkapos (Ami): drawe, courageous,
mighty, strong in defenses
WX: ul, yet, on the other hand.
Sometimes correlative with péy,
Sometimes in aped,, as A 82,
281,
ictly dat. of Ddos:
away (from te).
E-neror (Ayjyo), adv. : uncrasingly,
Drfrur, Ddirowwr, Oirovs (dor
Gov) = eack other,
@do-buwds : foreign. dAAoSumol: men
of other tans, TAS,
EXAotev: fron another side,
De
Gey EAog: one on one side, another
on another, B75,
@otor (Gos): of ollior quality.
Advis nes: a different sort of man,
@ropes, nor. Tro (salio): leap
AdAo-mpdber-addos = (changing from one
aide to another), changeale, flekte,
£31.
Wor (alius) 3: other, another, rk
May... Eda BE: same... ofhert,
1 GAAo«: those others. Froq-& noun
is added in oppos. Cf Ay
Ddws, Ddrore, Droer, dioBamds,
dAAorpberadAns, datos, ddr piog,
Bore! at anoiher hime, ance upon a
time. Adore, EAere: al one time,
at another time, A 590, E505.
Wdérpee Bs helonying to another
(dos, allen ns). dddérpor dig:
(ferviqner), atien, enemy, B 214,
Dos: otherivise, i, better. B28.
Dorr, Sdotwa= nor. partic. of de
erropiat, am captured. B 374.
“Addy and “Aor: towns under
Achilles’ rule, B 682.
Hedoxoe (Agyos): (Wedd mate), wife.
Cf. dros. B1I6, T $01, 2 114,
a, dds (su lum, salt), fern: the wea;
esp, the sea near the share, as dis
tinguished from both the high
seas and the land. A 358.
Dares, -tos: grove, es A ErOVe cone
wscrated to a divinity; hence a
ancred elit, even without tres, —
equiv. to rivers B06. ‘Temples
wore not frequent in the Hamerio
time; the god's sanctuary was
generally only a grove or inclo
sure, with an oliar. 8 606,
a
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD sce
Apsechas, pl.: an old Achnean city in strong-armed. Epithet af Ho-
the valley of the Burdtas, about a phaestus; sometimes as a pub
loagne south of Sparta. Seat of stantive. A 607,
‘Tyndarets and his sons. B 584. dude-Balu, perf. dumpiBibne: burn about,
Aphuen, -ovogt blameless, honorable. Uaze round about. % 320,
Apbve, aor. Spivey: ward off, keep of, — Spdrbprdts, ds (Bptimre): (torn om
protect, defend, with dab, of inter Both sides), swith both cheeka Corn
est or ablatival genitive. A 67, Gn grief). B700.
dpieow, fut. durgw: (tear), gnaw. noe Ours, fem adj.c curved at both
dpb-dxvr0 001 ends (or on both vider), shapely.
‘pour about. Epithet of ships, esp of those
dud-npebts, -& (épipw): covered drawn up on shore; only at the
(closed) both abese and below, elon of the verm, B 165, 181.
A 45.
Andi (dada), ady. and props: (on
both sides), (above ant below), about,
around, on the banks of (a river),
for the sake of. Often equiv. to
repé, but wept freq. is used of what
surrounds in a circle. dud’ 6Be
Asiorey Ereipay: they piered with xpite
20 that the spit appeared at either
side, pee 3’ dud! ating = but he fell
over him, ot dud Mpiquov: Priam dupitrw: am buy about. dpduérov
and his attendants. dug’ "Edy res: busily. B52, E607.
paxerfa: fight for Helen, Cf dpdraxadtwre, aor, dydpeaddwpe: eon
dadis. coal round about, cover, envelop.
Appuaxutay, perf. partic. as pros: — dydikimedQov Sires: twoAandled cup
shrieking about. B 316. A 584, Z 220.
AppeBatve, port. dudiBeByen: go dpdr-péxonass fight about, with aco.
about; perf. has come upon, stand "Apdlpaxos: (1) leader of the
over (lit upon both sides of), te Eleans, B 620. (2) A Carian
stride, protect, A 87, 451. Joader, 1B 570 fF,
Audi-fawrs (Bair): defense. EB Sudeep, ane: black ron abont,
&ppLBpores 3: man-protecting, only —darkenedd on all sides (of « mind
of the shield (dows). Cf. dusar. dark with passion), A 103,
“Andeyfrua: town under Nestor’s dygu-ripopar: dwell round abow
rule, B 593. inhobit, “B21, STA.
dpbveyvi-ns (yviov) (ambi-dexter): “Apotor: (1) Trojan leader. B AMO.
12 VOCABULARY TO THE
(2) Son of Selagua, slain by Ajax.
Eel.
Appeemtvopos: am busy about.
Sppi-wohos (wihw), fem: maid, femate
attendant, corresponding to the
male Gepdrov. T 143, 422,
Apderrorkowas (eéropae): fly round
about. B 310,
duis: on bath sides, separately, in tev
ways. dpspis ppaiovras: are divided
in mind, are at variance. déon
dupiss on the axle. Che duspi
B15, 30.
“Apdurpiwy, ores: Amphitryo, bum
band of Alemona, putative fathor
of Heracles, 892,
dudl-paros: with double horn, Cf.
ator. Epithet of a helmet.
B 743. Cf. xépus.
dydexten nor. tx, a9 pass, dypégvro:
pour abou. Bal.
Sndérepor (Suu) 3: both, In sing.
only neut., always at the bogin-
ning of the verse, sometimes intro-
ducing a following re... nad.
LT 179. duchorépyow (se. xeperiv) +
with both hands. E 416.
Apdoriputey: (frou both sides), on
both sides. E720,
dpe (ambo, both) = Foth, only nom,
and ace. dual, but freq. const.
with the plural. A 106, 200,
év: by ‘npocope ’ (§ 29) for ava, up.
4: modal ady., indicating a condi-
tion. + "There is no adequate trans
lation for dy taken by itelf.” Tts
um is not so strictly defined us in
Attic; the subjy. with dy ts used
nearly Uke the fal. ind. or the
potential opt.; the potential opt.
is sometimes found without dy
where the Attio rule would require
it; and its equivalent «é is used
oven with tho fut, ind, § 185.
Th use, dv is essentially equiv.
to né which is more frequent,
«Tn simple sentences and in the
apodosis of complex sentences, dy
and xé oxpross limitation by cir
‘cumstances or condition.”
*Tu final clauses which refer to
the future, the use of dy OF Kéy
prevails.’
‘In conditional olauses the
subjy. and opt, generally take dy
or xéy when the governing verb is
a futuro or in a mode which Sm-
plies a future occasion.”
rére giv pay wewBoyer: then we
may permade him. welvoure 8° dy
otres payionro: but ith thoxe no one
would contends, ai xé woBk Zac Boe:
if Zeus ever grants, ray dy wore
Ovpiv ddéroy: he may at come near
time Lose his life. abr" &y waXdob
winrowi: when many shall fall,
dvd, Gv (§ 20), dp (heforo Inbiala,
$29 6) (on), adv. and prep.s up,
thereon, upon, along, dvd Bayer
staried back. dvi arpariv: (up)
rough the camp. &y? Syshov
through the throng, Gv 7 paygv=
along through the conflict
dvd Bopsv: convidering in mind.
dvd ardua: on (your) tips. dvd
orrparoy ani nara orparéy, dye dere
and era dory are aaed with alight
difference of meaning; in auch
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD Bb
expressions, metrical convenience
seems to have deterinined the
choice between did and xard.
Ga: for dvdaryOr rise. 2391. § 550,
dra: vocative of diag, king. I 861.
dva-faive, aor. dvdBy and dads: go
up, ascend, mount, enbark,
vé-PAnoves-cos: delay. postponement,
Cf, duBidru, B 380,
dyaynoin and drkyay: wecessity, com
pulsion. we ro daviywy what ene
pels thee? dvcrynaiy: of necessily.
dva-yripmrs, aor. part. dveyrigadBy =
endl back, turn, T 348.
dr dye, aor, drpyayert lead up, bring
back; mid. put to sea (opp. to
wardyortus). A ATS, % 202,
dvaBixopas, aor. dvedéfaro: take up,
receive. E019.
dva-Stw, aor, dveidvero and dedi:
dive up, appear from below, rise.
SveGnhle, fut, diwy\fow: Boom
again, put forth new leaves. A236.
Aveautnin (ulBiie) > shamelessness, inso
lence. A119.
AvauSip, de: shamelees, pitiless.
Gralpev, -ovos (ala): Coolers (of
the gods), E342.
‘dv-ouphw, aor. partic. dvedsiv, aor. mid.
dyédovros take up. A440,
Avttrra, aor. opt. dvilgiae, aor.
partic, duilgas: start up, spring
up, rie. A584, 7 216, 4114,
drewdtve, nor. inf. dymxAtva, aor.
partic. dyeMvas: lean upon, lean
tack, bend up. dyncdivar vibor:
roll back (ie,open) the elowl. E751,
Ananovrlte (eww): dart up, shoot up,
spurt up (of blood). E113.
veaderi (Wey): teealinenr, coe
antice, dvaAxelyo Bayérres : o6er-
come by their cowardice. % 74,
by-adnus, -tB05 : weak, cow
anily, B 201, B 331, 349,
dvawvede : (nod up), refuse, deny (a
request); opp. to xarareruny indir
cate and confirm assent by a nov.
Svat, gen. Syaxros, voo. dra (gévnd):
(protecting lord), king, lord, master.
Epithet of gods and princes. drag
Erdpov: King of men, Epithet esp.
of Agamemnon. A7.
dramddrw, aor. partic. dureraddy;
brandish, T’ 355, B 280,
dva-mie Anis, nor: subjy. dvceAipays t
fil up, fulfil, completes & 10.
feapxon (anarchy): without leuiler,
wncommanded. B 703, 726.
drdewe (ding) ¢ rule over, reign, am
defender, master, lord of. Freq.
with dat. of interest. Mypibé-
verow dywowe: (reign Sor the Myr-
midiont), reign over the Myrmidons.
dva-erds = standing up; aor. partic.
of dvirrqus, setup. A 387.
dvacriowy: Int nor. opt. of
dvirrn, couse to stand up, ronee
from their seats, AL.
dvoaxay, dnioxe, dvarxirtox, dra
oxépavor, dveoxsy: nor. of drew,
hold wp; mii endure, dracrydpevos:
drawing back, “hauling off.”
dvarOhw, aor, dvrade: send ay
omase to grow. E777.
4
Mvanpiew, aor. ro: tum
over; aor. felt back, Z O4.
Bre-daivw : (show up), receal, A 87.
dva-xétonar: drow back, withdraw,
yield, B 448, 000,
dvaxeple, sor, dvayupyoas: drae
back, yield, retreat, E107.
brarpixet cool, refieak. 1705.
Av6dve, Impl. jpdave or dubave, wor.
f, Bey (pardinw, Bir, auadeo,
vis, sitet, pad): please, am
“Avbpalev, aves » Andracmon, father
of Thons. B G38.
dsGpek-érrms (b6v0s): manslaying,
of "Evwidtor. B 651.
Evbpo-nrarin (xruvdy) = slaughter of
men. E900.
“AvBpondxn: Andromache, wife at
Hector, daughter of Eotion (king
of Thebs), Z 394 ff. Her father
and brothers were slain by Achil-
los. Z 414 fh.
Avbpo-pévoe: manstaying. Epithet
exp. of Hector and Ares. A 441,
fvdfq: aor, of draBaivw, go up,
rine.
dveyrduhOy : nor. of dvayrdpmres,
bend back. T 388
AvaBlfaro: aor. of dyadéyopnk receive,
#019.
Ado and dnSdeere: aor. of dm
3éw, dive up to, appear from.
dnelpyw: check, hold back. TF 77.
fo dnnev nor. of dvinus. urge one
Bvaps, pres. pmrtic. dvedvra («lps) :
come back, return, % 480,
Awaipopas (fpopm) : ask, inguire.
dyan-rés (dréqu) : endurable. A373,
VOCABULARY TO THE
Av-doveo, dwhév: or. of draipin,
take up, A 449, 301, B 410,
Kvepos, oto (animus): rend, Homer
knows but four winds: Epos,
East wind, Bopéys, North wind,
Déchrpor, West wind, Novos, South
wind.
dvepidias (Zrenos) 2 (windy), empty
useless, (dle, in vain, to n0 purpose.
A356, E216.
“Avdpaa: town in Phoots,
BS,
<dvdreve: impl, of drut (nod up,
ice. shako the head), refuse. £311,
dvedvree: nor. purtic. of dviqus, urge on.
bv-fopar: fut. of “dvéxoum, suffer,
allow. ¥ 395.
Swipes, dvips, dvipas : from dijo, man,
drdpxowat : return. A302, Z 187,
dvderav [dvlerpay), dverq : stood
up, rome, aor. of dvicrryus, not wp.
dude xero, dwxov: aor, of dvéxo,
hold up, rate, T 318, B 655.
dydrode: or. of dvarbday send up.
dverpimere: aor. of dvarpérw, turn
over; aor. fell back, % 04.
Buevte(v), alv.: for, away from,
without, Avevde Geet: without divine
help.
dvaxatero, Impl. of dvayiZouay,
draw back, E443, 600,
duvsdxe, nt, dvigona and dveryyp
cevta, aor. dvéryov: holt up,
Lift, raise ; mid. holid up wader, am
patient, endure, euffer, allow ¢ draw
up.
vexdpnore : aor. of dvaxupin, drm
back, T 35.
dug: speechless, dwinb, mute, (Prob,
an old adj. hi nom, pL) B 828,
FIRST SIX BOOKS or THE ILIAD wu
dvehyayer 207, driver imnpf.: of davke
yor bring back, % 292.
det [dv § 52 c] aor. subjy.,
vice apr. ind.: of dviqu, tet go,
urge on
Awiiuvovea (dxor) + incurable, wnen-
durable. E894.
dy-qedrnge: impf. of druxorridu, dart
up, shoot up, spurt up, BWA.
vip, en. dvBpis or dvipos, dat,
dvépg nom, ph dvépes, dat pl.
dvipdon or dviperm: man, vir,
in contrast with boy, woman, or
divinity, dwipes fore: be (brave)
In military uae, equiv. to
paxaris, warrior. In merip dspav
te Oeisy te, father of both men and
gods (ot Zeus), dvBpes ia used of
the human men (like dréparras)
dvip is sometimes added to eth-
nic names, as Livres dvbpes, Ado-
favo dip, or to the name of a
class; 600 on BATA.
Aeofhorn: fut, of designe, urge on,
*AvOwiGins: son of Anthemin, Sic
molsius, 4 485,
“Avdqlwy, -wvog : a Trojan, A ATS.
dviups-es, -crtos (dros): flowery,
abounding in flowers, B 407.
diOrpedv, vos: chin, A 501, D872.
“AvinBav, ~Gvog: town on the Burke
me
pus, about seven miles from
Chaleis, B 508,
Gabor, pl. dvBen: flower, B 408,
SWpemos: man, human being, homo,
vik, aor. partie. dviylivra (on ns)
griere, vex, wear out, B 201,
de-inut, 2d pore. ind. duds, fem,
partic. dveloo, fut. devjre, aor.
dyixe oF dvinnes, aor, subjy. durin,
aor. partic, dvavres: (send up)
tet go, free, wrye on.
dxdven: partic. of Artis, come back,
return, Z 480,
Aemrvos (vier): unmasked, % 266.
dvdorrqus, pres. mid. partic. dvurnd:
poo fut ink, drorjoerOuy Ist
nor. opt. dserrioury, 24 aor. ind.
dvarr dvonirm, dvirvay [dre
oryray), wor. partic. dimeric,
davioreex'nil py, ealedy ‘omate
rise, in pres. and Ist nor. acts
stand up, rise, kn 24 aor. and mid.
Often with dat. of intoreal, rots
3° dwdorrn, Ne rove for them, 40. to
address them.
dv-opoiw, sar, Aripowre: Hart uph
rie, A248,
Anobrares (older) : uniovunted
by a weapon held in the hand,
opp. to GBdyros, wnhit by
misclo. A 640.
dveriens aor. partie, dvrriourtas
ful., deeriray aor. ind.; of dyi-
ory, roive up, rise. B 398,
dvoxfeertan: fut. af dvdyopat, ene
dure, allow. E104, 285.
fra: opposite, over agains. C
dvrv. BOR
dvrdgioe: of like worth, of equal
valwe, equitalent, A 136.
dvrds, 00r. jyryoa: moet. % 300,
“Arran: wife of Provtus, % 160.
(Stheneboos in the tragic poets.)
dvrerépnoes: aor. of dvrtopéw, pierce,
E387.
vrqy: equiv. to dyra, opporite, 4
(muy) face, openty. A 187.
16 VOCABULARY TO THE
Arrnvoplins : son ef Antenor. T 123.
“Avrivap, -opor (cf drtutveipa):
Antenor, one of the wisest Trojan
princes (the ‘Trojan Nestor) who
always favored peace and the re-
turn of Helen. He was the father
‘of many doughty sons, seven of
whom wer slain in the battles
of the Miad. He received Mene-
Iaus snd Odyweus at his house,
when they came to Troy as ain
Dassdors, 1205 ff. He accom-
panied Priam to the field, to
strike a truce, T 262.
dyria, adv.: opposite. Cf. dvrios.
dym-drapa (dvijp): matched with men
in battle, like fo men, of tho
Amazons. T 189, % 186,
dyndaysubjy. dyriswow, fem. partic.
dyriwouy (§ A7 ©), aor partic.
dvruioag (dvr): meet, approach,
partake of, share, receive. Of.
Aa.
drn-Bigy, ady.: with opposing might;
originally cognate nee.; x. tpuba.
drri-Bros (Bin): opposing, —howtile,
ArriBov paxérarthu: fight agsine
in hand-to-hand conflict. T 20.
drm-fodle, aor, inf. drnPodjou
(BAW) + g0 fo meet, take part in.
drbteos 3: god-like, with no esp.
reference to moral qu
dvrucpie, addy.) (apposite,
ateaight forward, stray
“Awrhoxos: Antilochus, eldest son of
Nestor, a distinguished warrior,
and friend of Achilles, Seo
dynBig. P 652 ff, ¥ 556.
deriog 3: wiceting, to meet, in friendly
‘or hostile sense. dyriov la used ad=
verbially. dvriov <rov: opponed. di
tlow auc: go ayainat, with genitive,
dyrempasa (wépas), neut. pl as
sabst.: the opposite fields, the oppo
site cout. B 0395.
drn-ropl, nor. dyrerépyrey: pierce,
dyngipa: bear against; mid, bear
myrelf agains, oppose. A 589,
“Ayrepos: (1) Greek ally from the
Sporades. B O78. (2) Leader
of tho Maeonlans B S64,
(8) Son of Priam. 4 489,
Srropas (dvma): meet. Cf. dvrubon
“Avrpéw, -divog: town under the rule
of Protesilats B 097.
drm, -vyos, fom.: rim of shield
or chariot. E262, Z 118.
drow, sw! accomplishment, fulfille
ment. Gyre 8" aie terreras:
“they will not attain what they
desire aud plan.” B 347,
Avie: accomplish, gain anything.
dvwye (perf. as pres), Linpf. dvaryor,
plpf. ag impf. juiiyer or dyiryeur
($30 &): command, order, bids
A313,
Sgavre: or. partic. of dymps, break.
dm fut., Sere nor. imv.: of yu,
teal, bring. T° 105.
‘Atés: dzius, river in Macedonia,
omptying into the ‘Thermaean
Gulf. B 849.
Son (dye): (of equal weight), of
equal value, suitable (of a ransom).
ov: nor. imny. of dyrusa, tren
“AbDhos: AxDlue, Trojan from Arisbe,
sl Diomed. % 12.
Ser (axis): asle of chariot. E898,
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD 17
Aoubh [qj] (Aeibus): song, gift of song.
Aoviwor: sung of, subject of song.
2 358,
Godage, -d (elAai): all together, with
closed ranks, E408,
dodAtqu, 20r. déAAouv: collact, bring
together. 2% 270, 287.
“Amaurds (Ilaurds, E 612): town of
Mysia, B 828.
Aewédapvos (ruAdyn): (without de
vice), Aelploss, BE S07,
dx-ahowdu, vor. dryhotqre: crush.
A 52
Awadds 3: tender, delicam, soft.
ArvapiBonars reply, answer, Freq.
in the formula row 8° dropaBs-
pores xpooldn, where the ace. is
const, with mpooégm A St,
decdvente, adv, : away, apart, aside,
sometimes with ablatival gen.
away from. A 48, 549, B 391.
Gvas, 6rdra, day (strngthened
mis): all, all together, 8 635,
or-tirap-Be(v) (<irep), wil. separately,
apart, with gen, EB 445.
Gmdey: deceit, trick, & 168.
dmarmdds: deenptive, deceilful, A526.
dw-ify ant dmeBhrere: aor. of dro
Baivo, depart. B35, % 116.
dx-ebigaro : wor. of droblyopas accept
AS.
éw-db0e9: nor, of drobie, strip off.
dw-dbone: aor. of drodiSuyu, give back,
pay, render, SATB.
drakw, fut, dredyjow, aor. spre
Ayo und dreihyray (dmed¥) :
threaten, Farida prov: (he
threatened a word), he ullered o
threat, A 181, 388,
Sreaps, partic. dmoivror (epi): om
away. Z 802,
derciper, -orog: boundless, limildens.
dmadvrog: partic. of Greys, am away.
Gempeiowos (rion) 3: boundlens,
countless. A 18, Z 49, 427.
dm-eptnew: Keep off, ward off, avert.
Sm-<eoipevoy port. partic, drirevre
ppl. : of droeerevquc, hasten away.
medory: stepped back, aor. of dpe
eryps eet back. 133,
Gedricav: aor. of drorivn, pay.
doe-<xGalp, nor. subjy. drexOijpw
(Eos) + hate violently, TP 415.
Gmeaxtdvopos, aor. mijxGero: am
hated. TA54, Z 140, 200.
dma, aor. subjy. dederyy: holit off,
keep far winay. % 96, 277.
dmendolnew = crt, of dorwAouiwe, crush
dertyswy (ijn): unharmed, A ALB,
Gareqvigt, doz! (unbind), harsh, cruel.
x-nipa, deqipwy: iit away. See
drovpas. A130, % 17.
amfyxBero : aor. of dmexSivopate
demi, nor. diye (sciBw'): dive
obey. A220.
Smos (dx) 3: distunt, remote,
Toribey EF doris ning: from far
away — a remete Tanel, A 270.
Eenveros : faililess, woslruateorthy.
4aré (ab, off}, adv. und prop. : aay,
off: from, tack, Thus adv. is freq.
attonded by an ablatival gon.
deb’ Irrwv ddro: leaped from his
as
18 VOCABULARY TO THE
charict. &xd xGovis Spwuto: on the
ground he set out. jdvew dd He ANG
you: remaining aveay from hie wife,
dnd marpiBor alye: absent from his
fatherland, dnd Ovpod; far from
(my) heart.
fmo-aplona und Apaiplowos, fut.
Agaypirecfas, nor. dxpédovro: take
amay, deprive for my own interest.
dno-falne, aor. direBiyvero or daréBn :
90 off; dismount, E133, A428,
Amd-Phyros (SéAAw): to be cust off,
to be rejecterly deapicatlo. T 65,
dmoeynse, nor. subjr. droywedeys
Cyita): (lame utterly), weaken.
£265.
&mo-Béxopas, nor. dreiigaro: accept.
Ano-SiBuys, aor dréSure, nor. inf.
droBotvar: give back, render, pay.
daro-Bhe, aor. dnédiore: atrip of
dmostew! withdraw from, abandon,
with gen. I 406,
dmdeme: imy. of drédyu, deny,
refuse, T 400.
dmépoe (aor.): carried off, noept
away. Cf dxoipas. Z 318.
dro-Glefar: aor. inf. of drone,
put of 189, B 492.
Amo.0pdcxa: leap off, BT02,
Srowe, nowt pl (moayj): (recom
pense), ransom. A 20, % 46.
deroleeror: fut. of dmubgpa, bear
away. E 287.
fonxptvw, aor, pars, partie. dro
xpablrré: seperate: dnoipaSérre:
apart from their frienda. EB 12.
dero-nretnm, nor. ind. dxxrure, aor
int. droerdpev: slay, kill EB
droddyrw: shine, gleam, Z% 205,
q-oMeda aor. inf, dwiherway nor.
ind.: of dmédAuus destroy. T 40.
dro-Afyw: cease, die away, die.
Gr-OkAdpi, Hor, Ret dmiAere and
drédeovur [drbAeowy), aor, mid.
dnGAero and. deidovro: destroy;
mid. perish, die, fall (iu battle),
“Anédday, wos: Apollo, sou of Zeus
and Leto, twin brother af Arte:
mis. God of the sun and light
(hence Poifos, gleaming), of song
(A 603), of herds (B 766), of the
bow (dumBddos, dpyupérotos), of
health and disease. Ho is one
of the mightiest gods, fren, aac
ciated with Zeus and Athena,
He favors the Trojans against
the Grocks. A 36 fl, 451 ff,
E344 ff., 508 M1.
Amo-Aopalvopas : purify myself
move, aor. dwéAvoe: release, set
free. ADS, 2497.
dere-pqyte, aor, partic. dmopmvtoas :
give cent 1a wrath fer away. BTT2.
Au-opdpyrips, aor, daroipturos wipe
away. B 209.
dro-ralw, aor, dreniowuro: emigrate,
remoe, B 629.
fro-nona: return. B11, P31,
dmo-vooria, fut, drovorrisray (via
ros): return, go home. A 60,
dnv-rdede(y), ade: apart, away from
B23,
Gro-raio, ful. mid. drormirerda:
stop fron’; mid. Keep myself away
from, coase from, stop, E 288.
Awo-rfropos, aot. mid, partic. deo
sniuevos: fly away. B71.
Amroermle (xvi): Urvathe forth.
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD 19
Amo-mrde: spit forth, belch forth.
du-spropae: set out from. E 105.
Am-opotw, sor, drépowse: leap off,
hasten away. B20, 836,
Garo-pptyyvips, nor. partic. deroppijfae®
break off, break. % O07.
mo-ppbt (iriyvy): (what ix broken
off), branch (of a river). B7H5.
drowariopar, plpf, diréravro 8 0%
perf. partic. ox pros dweomipevor =
rush away, hasten away. S527,
2% 300,
Amory, 20r. dmdereye: go aay,
depart, A
dmoepddhu, aor, opt. deoodjdae:
drive far away from. dwoadrjrae
revo: “make yain their labor."
mex: aor. of dréya, hold aff,
keep far away from. 2 96, 277.
daro-riqus, nor. inf, dwobértax: put
off; dof. T 89, B 402.
drocrtve, ful. dworlaopar, aor. dre
ricray : pay, recompense. A 128,
Sxotpas, nor. partio.s taki
(Prob, for dse-ppas.
drrpipa (or dreipa) would be the
ind., while dmpiper seems to be
forined from an dmeypdin,) A 356.
Cf. dxoipore.
Gro-pipu, fut, ind. droirerov! bear
away, E207.
Smo. pOirlOu = waste away, perish
dmo.pétve, aor. partic. dropOljuevor :
perish, die, T 822,
Eempyeros — (mpnjorrw)® — (wnaecame
plished), ineffectual, fruitless.
Eemprarmy (mpiayat), adv: unhought,
without money, without rameom,
A 99,
Gewrshpos (rdAquos): — unieariite,
B21.
Hmropo, aor. Haro: lay holit of;
touch, A512, B 709.
Aw-uOler, ful dimou: push off, keep
uff; remove. AT.
Gr-bhees, drdhere! mor. of dmddAnp,
destroy. F048, % 203.
dpa, #4 (onclit.), de, # = a0,then, ax
you know, you know, it sexms. Very
often it marks on action ms nate
ural, oF as well-known, o rominds
of something rweently said. Te
also marks transi Freq. it
exnnot be tranalated into Eng.
for lack of an equivalent particle,
but its force must be rendered by
a suitable arrangement of words,
‘or inflection of voice, It never
stands at the beginning of a
clause,
Safle, aor. dpi Bnoe (oxox, Eng.
rap): ring, of the armor of falke
ing warriors, 3 504, B42, 58,
“Apauivpl: thought to be the later
Phiius wear Corinth, B71.
Apouss 5: (thin), slelicate, slender, of
Aphrodite's hand, E426,
phone, impt. Haro, aor. pyouro
(dpd, prayer): pray. % 304,
dpaplexw, nor, partic. dpoarres, nor.
ind. jpape, port. partic. épmpos
and dpaprta ($49 9), pint. dpypar
(3 30 &) (4p, are, arm): join, fit,
suit; perf. and plpt. are intrana,
joyber dpripay: which was suited to
his Nanda,
0
20
apyeddon: grisvaw, terrible, difficult.
"Apysios CApyos) 3: Angine, “Hpy
“Apyd (& 8) since Tera was
the patron goddess of Argos,
"Apyain Eddy since Helen's true
hore was in Peloponnesus, As
subst, ‘Apydor, the Aryices, men of
Argos in the broader sens; used
Jiko*Ayeof and Aavaoé, of all the
Greeks, Metrical convenience
often determined the eholce be-
twoen these three words, § 22 6
Homer had no one word for
Groks as distinct from barba-
rans, as he had none for barba-
rinns as distinct from Groeke,
‘Apgeihovene: Argeiphontes. A freq.
epithet of Hermes, of uncertain
dortvation. It is best rendered
aya proper name, B 103,
dpyerrds (dpyos) 3: lustrous, mith
white sheen, white, T 141, % 494.
dpyi, ajros: white, glistening.
dpyiws-at, evros: chatly. B647-
“Apyove: ‘Thessalian town. B73.
“Apyon cor: Argos. (1) Capital of
Argolis, seat of Diomed. B 559.
(2) Peloponnesus (“Apyos ‘Ayae
wov Lisi). ASO. (3) Thessaly
(Hedaryudr"Apyos). B O81, In
Z 400, “Apyos sooms to be nsod
for all Greece, just ax *Apyeioe ix
used for Greely,
"Apyor-Be: to Argos. BSB.
Spyies (1) acift, (2) white,
dpyipeos (dpyupor) 3: of xileer, silver.
Pasi, E727.
ppipebivgs: with silver exifics, silver
addying. BTS.
VOCABULARY To THE
dpyepé-qhos : sitorr-wuridedd, atatiad
with silver nails, of a aword Hilt.
Apyupsemta : (sileer feet), silver firted,
ie, with beautiful white feet.
Standing epithet of Thetis. Of
‘Thotis’ tinsel-alippar’d foot,” Mil-
ton Comus 877. A 588.
Kpyvpos (argontum) : sileer, E726.
Apyvps-rogor: silverdowed, beaver uf
the sitcer bow. Epithet of Apollo.
fipelwv, dpaor: comp. of dyaHis, good,
strong, mighty. Cf. dpurros.
Aplone, fut. dpeowsuct. (dpaptrna) =
alone for, satisfy, make right.
4 302,
“Aperdix, -ovor: ‘Trojan slain by:
Tener. % 31.
dpirye, fut. dente, nor. dpipgas : wid,
defend. Cf. épeyés, A 121.
donysy, vos, f+ helper, defender.
apipos: (pertaining to Aree), ef war,
warlike, martial, brane, S98.
entpihos: dear to Aree. Tel,
“Api: town undor Nostor’s rale.
BOO,
dphpar pipf. (§ 30 &), dpnpéres perf.
of dpnplonw, ft, suit
|. “Apeor, dat. “Apel oF
“Apri, acc, “Ayu, voc. “Apes oF
“Ape: Are, Mare, eon of Zeus
and Hera. God of war, but not
one of the most powerful di
ities. "Eig (Strife) ix his aistor;
Senos (Terror) and éBor (Fight)
aro his attendants. 3 440f His
home is in Thrace. He is on
the side of the Trojans in the
action of the Iliad, His name
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD
is freq. used for battle, war, fury
of war.
Spnefp, pos (priouat) :
pray), priest. ADL.
Gplimros : very clear, didinet, § 40d.
B18,
pidyde, aor. pase. inf. dpiHpnOhjpans
(dpifude): count, enumerate, num-
ber, BAM.
“Apmor: a people in Cilicia, whan
‘Typhoeus lay bound beneath the
earth, B 783.
dprrpemis, -los: vlistinguished. pee
eminent, §AOd. BATT,
*Aplafin: town in the road,
not far from Abydus.
B S36,
“Aplofn-Oev ; from Arisbe,
B S38.
dpurrapes : last (inn). ém' dpure ®
teed: to the tefl, om the left
E355,
Apurreis, fos (Gpurtox) : chief prince.
dpurrde, iterative impf, dpu-
reverxe: am chief, nm first, cm
trace in battle. % 208, £60,
Squeros 3: wuperl. of dyatiés, goon,
strong, mighty. brave. Cf dpeiaw.
“Apwabin: Arcadia, in the middle of
Poloponnesus. B60,
‘Apnds, ~xibos: dreadian. B G11,
“Apueiamos (Defender of the pec
ple): Boeotinn leader. B 495.
Slain by Hector. © 320,
dpaie, ar, pxere (Aree o) > protect,
ward off. %16.
Spuvoe : appointed, fated, sure. B 893,
“Appa, -uros: Bocotian town near
Mycalessus. B 400.
(one who
21
depo, ares: chariot, cap. chariot of
war. It was low and light, on-
tered from behind, with « curved
rim (dvrvg) in front and on tho
sides, with standing room for
two persons, the driver and the
fighter; it was drawn generally
by two horses, sometimes by
three, and was used not 69 inuch
for fighting as a ready means of
‘transportation from one part of
te field to another, The pl ie
freq. weed Hke the xing. Cf
Bidpos, Sx 0% Fyor~
Apparomnyse —(mijyvyd) © chariot
mater, & 485.
Sppatmy Dbr. pore (dpmpicre) + fl,
uit 10. ipnowre abr: he sated ic
of Harmon
(Joiner), Teston (Carpenter), a
skillful Trojan artisan who built
the ships that carried Paris to
Greooe, E60 ff
pra (400. king), dal dove, gon. phe
dpriv (gapr § 820): lamb. T 103,
273, 4 435,
dprass (pra): ram. 1107,
“Apri: Bocotlan town, B 507.
22 VOCABULARY TO THE
Epropas, aor, opt. dpaco : airive to tein,
gain. 300, B 983, ZA.
Spovpa (dpdw, aro, arvum, Eng-
car): plowed field, cornfield, land,
arth.
Apwite, aor. partic. — dpmige
(rapio): aise, carry ag: T 444.
Lppneros (ihjyvum) = (unbroken),
Ainvrearied, untiring, B10.
Apravrer : aor. partic. of dpapliren,
Hh, suit, 8198,
Aprenie, fe: sound, unharmed
“Aprous, os: Artemis, Diana,
danghtor of Zeus and Leto, and
twin sister af Apollo. Like her
brother, she is on the side of the
Trojans, Like him she bears a
bow, and she is his counterpart
in overal respects, sending quict
death to women, as he does to
men, E61, 447, 2 128,
Spmuog: well fitting, harmonious, prin
Bon: “was of one mind."
Sprive, impf. ijprivero (dpapiernw) :
prepare, form. B 9%.
dpxd-naxos: beginning calamity, which
hegan the trouble. E63.
*Apxthoxes (Lealer of cohort); a
‘Trojan, son of Antenor. B 823.
Slain by Ajax. = 468 M1.
dpxein: dead, command. Cf. &pxw
and jypoverm, E200,
+ beginning. T 100.
dpxse: leader, chief. A 144, B 234.
Spx, aor. subjr. dpgwos, aor. op
dpfuay: lead the way, comman
rule, begin, Freq. with gon,
sometimes with dat, of interest,
bpuerh (Apri) « help, protection,
dpeyés: helper (2m peudarar, to liars).
A285.
dros: wor, inf, of daw suie. E280.
Keferros (aAevvu) 3: (unquench-
able), ceaseless. A 590.
de Ppalve (cry dona): breathe
E 585,
in Argolis, B 500.
"Arves: prominent leader of Trojan
allies. B S87.
‘Acvs, adj.: Avion, B61.
*Awedhapos > londer of Orchomeni-
ans, son of Ares, B G12.
“Aqxavin; district in Bithynia,
B 863.
"Aexdmos: Ieader of Trojan allies
from Ascania, B 862,
deeiv, impf. jjonur, aor, partic.
diejous « prepare, 4110.
“Aerdqmding: son of Aaclepius,
Maebaon, a killed surgeon,
A204,
“Agehynés: Asclepiw, Aoscula-
pius B78. Homer does not
know him as a divinity, but asa
hore skilled in surgery and the
use of herbs,
doris : leathern bottle for wine.
dewalpu: gasp, witch. T 20%.
dormpyés, udv.: violently, eagerly.
Seweros: tinspeakuble, indcocribably
great, wast, BAGG, T 373.
dambsdrns : shield bearing, equiv. to
domorix. B S51.
doris, -(Sos, foun. : shield; the general
word for both the large eval
shield (dugBpery B 889) and
s smaller round shield (efmuchos
E797). It was made of several
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD 23
layers of oxhide, with generally
au outer layer of bron. It wus
supported by a strap which passed
over the shoulder, and was guided
by the Jeft
hand. Cf.
) vane
ormuorriis: shield
bearing many
warrior. Cf.
ulyporrys. A
90, 201.
“Arruda fdy-dvor:
Orchomenian
town. B O11.
pic for & rua, from os rs.
dervoy, lv. comp. of yx
Taoow dys: approach. A 587.
rays, “vos: car of grain. BS,
derreuple (stag), adv: stilt, T2219.
aon nahaken, firm. Bath.
“Arripvov: Thossalian town. B735.
derrepd-ag. eros (dorriip): starry.
doripownris (currpdrre): hurler of
the Lightning, goit of the lightning,
Epithet of Zens, A 580, 609.
dorvip, spor (star): star. dor)p
Grwpwvis: Sirius, the dog sar.
Z295.
derpdere: Lighten, send lightning.
dery, os (pdory): city, walled town
(as made ap of dwellings); while
rédis is the city as the *county
seat,’ the central point of the ter-
ritory. B 801, P 110,
"Acriahes: a Trojan, 220,
“Acrudwag, -axros (Defender of the
city); Astyanax, maine giren by
the ‘Trojans to Héotor's son, be.
nearer,
cause of Hector’s protection of the
city. Z 403, X 506.
‘Aerivecs: « Trojan. B 144.
“Aeruixaa (iyo): mother of Tlepole-
mus hy Heracles, B 658,
‘Aervix: mother of Ascalaphus by
Ares. BOS.
dorxodse, pres. inf. dayaAday ($47 ©):
am impotiont, vexed. B 203, 207.
"Agemés: Bovotian river. A 383.
derddarros: like, equal, B169, B70,
bradd-gpar, -cvos (cpr): merry
hearted. % 400.
drip (abrdp): but, yet, while. It
always stands at the beginning
of its clause (often correlative with
pe), and often marks ® distinct
contrast with the preceding situe
ation, Freq., however, the cou
trast Is slight, when drdp means
and or and thers, rather than but.
It is somewhat more emphatic
than 6€ since it has # more prom-
inent position. A 100, 606.
(rupPiu): foartess, une
daunted, 163,
deraprnpss: Aarsh, angry, A 29:
draotakin (dry), always pl: blind
infatuation, wéckedness, A 400,
dampts, -& (reipm): unmearied,
yielding, frm. T 80, B 292.
Aerierros (Tédos): unaccompiished,
4 26, 168,
unfubflted, fruittess.
plished, A
rap, adv, with gen.: eithow, apart
from, KA98, 3 376, E ATS.
Kerepwos (répru) i cherries, Ms,
reading in Z 285.
A _*
2
dm (Gipdry, dw): blind infatuation,
Ilindneas, ruin, % 356.
d-ripdte, Aor. ripare, anil dria,
aor. frluyrer (rif) + hold in low
esteem, Might. AVI, 356,
Corpor, superl. drivardiry: unhonored,
alighted, A 616,
dnriddw: cherich, rear, feed (of
horses). E971.
dros (contracted from datos): ine
satiate, with gen, E988,
“Arpaia anil “Arpctow, -wvos: 20n of”
Atreus, §39f. Rpithet of Aga-
memnonand Menclaus (ArpdBu).
When without special qualifies.
tion, it generally refers to Agu
memnon,
Anpotis, uly: truly, really. E208,
drpucios, wly.: truly, exactly. B10.
dorpipas (rpepu), adv.: still, motion-
tee, B200, B52.
*Avpels, dos: Atreus, on of Polops,
father of Agamemnon and Mene-
lous. B105f.
Expopos (plu): (without trembling),
Searles, ¥120,
Arpiyeros: reaticer. Hpithet of the
wen and the nether, (Of uncer
tain derivation and meaning;
some editors take it aa barren.)
Arp nie: unweurien, ible, Bpi-
thet of Athena, B 157, B11,
Aréqouas, aor. partic. druybels: am
confused, cm feightencd. Z 408,
“Arwpnéine! son of Atymniws, Mydon,
E 68h.
8%, conj.: again, anew, on the other
hand, but wow (forming a transi=
tion). Of. drdp, abrdp, abre,
~ VOCABULARY TO THE
Agywat, pl: (1) Lacednemonian
town. BS83. (2) Locrian town.
B58,
ety: gleam, brighines. B A456,
Adynidtne: som of Augéar, Agastho-
nes. B24.
asa, 3d pors. impf, bids, iterative
aor, aidjoumee (aid): speak, sé
gor atSjouune: shouted so loud (of
Stentor), E786.
ait: voice, speech. A249,
aipiw, aor, atgpurav (avd, dy
repre, dppepwo): drave up, § We.
‘ails, ndv.: right there, there, here.
aig: courtyard, court (situated before
the house; the spdOupoy and
‘aiBovoa Jead from it into the
house); farmyard. E138, £247.
AGXGs, -{505: Aulis, a Bovotion har
bor on the Euripus (opposite
Chalcis in Bubooa), where the
Achaean forces gathered in order
to set sail together for Troy.
B 303 #., 406,
aih-Gms, Bos (aidds, Gy): with high
reed. Epithet of a helmet, with
high reedlike standard for the
crust. (Or, with holes in the wisar
for the eyer.) E182. See ncpos.
airép (abre dp): on the other” hand,
Inet, yet
Equiv, to drdp,
tral equiv. to «
&0r§ (abw) + shout, batile ery.
adrfpap : the same ay, that very day.
airixa (atris), al. af once, atraighte
way. A 199, 386, 5
abris (ad), aciv.: ayuin, a second time,
afterwards, back again, & 27,
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD
str (abrés) [atrod), adv. right
there. Cf. ath. TA28.
alro-narlyrror! own brothers
eird-pares (automaion): af (his) awn
accord, B 408,
ainés, adry, abré, intensive pron, >
self; generally of the $d pers., hime
self, herself ; rarely used of things.
It is intensive not merely in the
nom. aud when associated with a
hown oF pers. pron, as in Attic,
but also when standing alone
in tho oblique cases; sometimes,
however, the intensive idea (of
contrat) is nob onsily expressed
in English. atrés contrasts
the man with his associates, his
adversaries, his hors, his cloth-
ing, hia weapons, hia soul (A 4),
eto, It allows of o large variety
of tmnslations: ey. i person,
alone (by himself), of free witt,
Tiw airjy SBiv is equiv. to Attic
rairqy viv airiy div. winds is
equiv. to obros 3 abrés. Tn the
gen. it is sometimes in ngreornant
with the
sive pron, cg. dudy abrod wAdoe
(since dude in equiv. to duo’), ra a”
airs dye (since od is equiv. to
oot).
aire8 (strictly local gen. of abrés),
adv.: i the same place, right there,
right here. Cf atth, airdth. A428.
Asro-$éves; a Theban. 4 306.
airus (atrds), ady.: in the some way
‘The connection alone decides the
exactymowning. A large varicty
of Wirt; «s.
25
2 J am, without eccasion, wholly,
vainly, were. § 423, A133,
eixty, dross ricok. E LAT, 161.
aba, aor. jiwe and dicey: shoul.
ad-cipiopar: woe droutptopas, take
aury.
dd-opaprive, aor, partic. deep
tovery! love, am bereft. Z ALM.
dd-apaproegs, 4 (Feve): erring
in speech, uttering idle words,
ris.
Sharron (dalw): unseen, ow of
right, destroyed. % 60.
Shap, ailv.: stewightway. A 849.
bie, prow partic. dbdowra (§ 47 0)
(Gxrropas, dbp): bondle. Z 522
dpaly, aur. opte of debinus (seni off)
hurl, TP S17.
dpddovre: ane, of dbromipéoyan, tate
away, B60.
ddeves, -cos: plenty, wealth. A ATL.
dbderare: stant aloyf, pert. of dim
ory act at w distances, S340,
dd-torw = fut. of Adina, send away.
Epleros (eb0ivw) : imperishable, inde
structible. B46.
Sheinys, imp dchles, fut. ddpjom, noe.
opt, det: diamisr, cond off; hurl,
A 25.
kbd: come; as perf. am come.
blr, wor, dxéory, port. dpe
orare; st of adistoner, nor, and
perf. intrans, stud at @ distance,
stant aloof. 340.
dovass (ddeos): rich, wealily,
abounding (with gen. of fullness).
dbp-oppdopas, nor. opt. pass. dipoppr-
Oder: set out. BTA.
Adsurra: partic. of ddbdu, handle
—
26 VOCABULARY TO THE
+ thoughtlessly, inconsider-
ately. T 436.
bpabty: thoughitersnens, folly, igno-
rance. B08, #649,
debpalvw Cchpijv) : am a fool. deppai-
vorra, playing the fool. B 258,
“Adpobien: Aphrodite, Vonus,dangh-
ter of Zeus aud Dione (B 348,
370 £,), wife of Hephaestus, god-
dess of beauty and love. She
Ted Helen to follow Paris to Troy,
and she favored the ‘Trojans in
their conflicts. F350 ff, @ 410 ff.
abpse (Sufipos, imber); fowm, £599.
Lepay, -cvoe (piv): simpleton.
E-puddes (fvAhov): leafless, BAI.
apiowe, fat, ddigay: draw (water
‘or wine), collect, heap up (wealth),
"Ayandtes, -dduy, pl. adj. as subst. :
Ackaean women. § 89 9. E 42:
*Axarls, -i8o% (vc. 79)! Achacan,
Achaea, “Axasides ($39 9): Achaean
women (contemptuously used of
the men), B25,
“Ayause: Achacan ; pl. Achivi, the
Achacans. The most poworful
race of the Grooks at the time of
the Trojan War. Phthidtis (in
Thessaly) was one of their prin-
cipal seats. Homer uses this
namo moro freq. than any other
for all the Greeks (¢ 22. ¢)
Their epithets are duxrijaides,
swell greaved, népy xopduvees, long
haired, xadxoyérives, bronze clad,
Sxqie oF dxde (dx0")= griene, sorrow,
am troubled (Oupéy, in heart),
SxPopar (dx Gos): am burdened, dix
tressed. E354, 261.
“AxsMaais or 'Axheis, ost Achilles,
son of Pelous and Thotis, leader
of the Myrmidons and Hellenes
in Thossuly, the mightiest warrior
before Troy, the principal hero of
the Jliad. During the siege he
had captured twelve Trojan eities
on the coast and eleven in the
interior, 1328 ff. Among hin
prizes was the youthful Bristts,
whom Agamemnon unjustly takes
from him. ‘This act of the king
leads to the yijs of Achilles,
who withdraws from the coniliet
and does not return to it until
the death of his comrade Patro-
clus (in I). In the Nineteenth
Book of the Jliod, Achilles is
reoonviled to Agamemnon and
prepares for battle with the Tro
jans. He slays Heetor in the
‘Twentyaccond Book nd il.
treats the corpse, but finally
gires Heotor's hody tack to the
aged Priam (in 9).
dxhés, og: mist, darkness. E006.
xm: foam (of the soa), chal (ot
grain). 4 426, E499,
Sxvpar (dxos): griewe, am troubled,
Cf deaya, dyeiw. A 103.
xox, cos: grief aadnem A188,
éxpitor, not, adv.: aiinles, dypeiow
Biv: looking silly, casting @ foolish
look. B260.
Axpus, adv. : completely, wholly.
Sxepueh (Ayuypov): place rwhere the
chaff fallz os it is winnowed ;
loosely, heap of ehiag EB 502.
yp, urdy.: buck, back again, backwearid,
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD 27
ple, Bos (Gwrw): mesh. EB ABT.
&p-oppoe Soms)ys adj.2 returning,
back. dpoppor, adi 5
Au, aor. Sera (satis): ene. E289.
Supro: hung, plpf. of Gapw, dift.
B
Batu: spent, say, uter. A 55,
Batis, Baden, Bub, fom. gen. Babéys
or Babeing: deep, deep bayed, ex-
tenided, high (of standing grain).
Bati-rxowes: reedy, bearing tall
reeds. Epithet of the Asdpus,
4383,
Paiva, fut. Arjoowar, Ist oor. trans.
Bijoe, subje. Biooper [Arjermpar),
aor, mid, Birero, 2d aor. intrans.
iB, pert. 3d pers. pl BeBdaor,
Pipi. (2) AePijmer(v): go, come,
walk; Ist nor. uct. cause to go;
2d aor, uct, inceptive, set out,
BeBinm évavrot: years have pamed.
IBav dipovoar: (set out carrying),
carried away; of, aycoOu xpobe
powrn. (Cf. Bdorw, BiBnpas, Spros,
Buypes.)
Pade, aor, (Z)Barov, aor, mid. os
pass. BAjro, perf. BéBryra, pipt.
BeBrsnaw (§ 30 k): Uerow, hurl,
shoot, Mt with a missile. Bode
ryv & xepolv: laid in dhe arms,
Bare xinda: placed the wheels.
Puréryra, Bédmpey: shall we make
friendship, er dyeat Bide0: re-
orioe in thy mind, take to heart.
Ch. Bddos.
Par; for Yay [Byray, § 44 nj, set
out; aor. of Balow, go. S200.
Bapfiaps-pavos (bony): rough-woiced,
with referenas to the harshness
of the Carian dialest. ‘The word
BépBapox for non Greek, foreigner,
is not found in Homer, just as
the poet has no one word for all
Greece. B 807.
Baptre (Baprs): weigh down, oppress,
EB 664,
Popts, Sapeia, Bat (gravin): hearyy
mighty, violent, grievous, Papi are
rdywy: groaning heavily, A B04,
és: aor, partic, of Baivay yo,
Pardebs, joc: ing, prince. This
title i applied more freely than
dug. F170.
Pacrnte, -Lbos, fem. © pertaining 06 the
Ling, royal. % 103.
Pie (Baivw): go, come. Of: eer,
rapisrew,
Parny [2fifryr]: aor. dual of Bairw,
0.
Bariaa (Adres): “Thorwhill, » ill
near ‘Troy, before the Soagan
Gate. B S13.
Pefidters porl., PrBhwnr (38 B04, 445)
pipt.: of Bai, go. B Lat, A291.
PePAnos, PeBhayras: Lae pass, of
£100
(ByBpierno) + ei
devour.
fate [Bd, § 82 €): aor. subjy. of
Patras, go,
BaApodévens: Bellerophon, son of
Glancus, grande of Siayphus.
Hit story is rehearsed at length,
Z 158-201.
SS
28 VOCABULARY TO THE
Boson, -eor (BidAw): missile, arrow,
Plvbos, eos (Babis): dep. A858,
PA [28n), Phere [%Bjoar0], Bh.
oper [Arjrwper), Btw or Peter (36,
$52 e): aor. of Baivu, go. Tho
Lat aor, is transitive.
Budds (Baro); threshold, A 691.
Bawa: Locrian town. B 532.
Boren: glen, ravine. BSO2,T St.
Blas, -avros: a tiontenant of Nestor.
4296.
BiBrps (Baivw) + go. panpa ByBdvra:
with long strides. T 22.
Biq: might, strength, for attack) pl.
deeds of violence, ciotence. Freq.
in periphrasis (of pévos, oBévos,
Kip). $16. Tpidyoo Bin: the
it of Priam, the mighty Priam.
Bin “Hpardyein: the mighty Her
aclers
Pin-suv, old Locat. : in mighi,
fds: dow. A125,
loros (ioc): liye, means of fife,
wealth, E644, Z 14,
PAdero, aor. pass, partic, BAagdivre:
meaken, kinder, hold back. % 39.
PAfperos, BAirOu, PAijro: aor, mid.
as pass of Béddw, hit, § 50d,
Pr\bexw, aor. partic, pododou: go.
$30 9.
Bodypuoe: a stream in enstern Lo
eris, emptying Into the sea oppo-
site the northwest corner of
Buboes. B 53%
osu, pres. partic. Bodanres (§ 17 ¢)
(Boy) = shout, ery aloud. B97.
Poein (Bois): vxhidle (er, opi, sow om
A54), shield of exhide (se. dowie).
E452.
4325.
Bouos (Bots): of cattle. retin Boer:
az ainews, bowstring, & 122.
Bog: out, outery. Boy dyabids »
good at the war cry, vationt in war
(esp. of Menelaus and Diomed),
‘This was an important quality in
battle whon trumpets were not
used, :
Boi: Boke in Thessaly, not far
from Pherae, on the lake to which
ft gives ita name, B72,
Bofinls, -eos: of Boche. BoBrls
Nyy: Boebean take. B71.
Bowrot: the Bocotians, B 494, 510,
E710.
Podavres: partic. of Bode, shout.
Boplys, eu. Boptao: Boreas, North
wind. (Soo &vquos.) E524,
Boeke (Bois, bovany): pasture, feed.
# 162,
Borpi86v (Aérpus), nilv.: fu clusters
like grapes, of awarms of bees,
BS9.
BovBiv, ~ivos: groin, 4 492.
Povnodlw (HovndAos): tend cattle.
Boueodiww, -avos (hucolic): eldest son
of Laomedon, 2 22,
Bowdeurfa: counciliy, member of the
Bors. Zl.
Pevdciw, fat. Bovleirouer, aor. Bow
Actrara (Bends}): adeie, counsel =
mid. detiberate, plan, B B47.
Bows advice, counsel, plan, willy
purpore; couneit, composed of
‘yiporres, elders. A 6, BB,
+ eounselgirer, councilor,
Epithet of princes. E180,
Bovropon (Bovds, volo): wink, will,
prefer. Because of Its comparative
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD 29
idea, it is sometimes followed by
fh likw BotAopae pidrov. A 117.
Rov-whig, Hyer (wAzjoww): omgoad,
whip. 2186.
Bovepdovov: ancient town in north
em Elis. B 615.
Pots, gen. Bode, nom. pl. Béer, dat.
pl. Boer or Baver, acc, pl. Béas
or Bors (bos, cow): 0%, cow; ph
cattle,
Po-drns, -ibos (Bods, dy): (oxeyed),
calm eyed, soft eyed, i.e. with deep,
majestically quiet eyes. Rpithet.
exp. of Hera, Booms worna "Hp.
Cf Neve devas:
Pedxe: roar, grate towdly. B 859.
Prdpw, mid, Bpcuopar: roar, peyida
Bpiua: roars loudly, Beats with a
roar, B 210, & 425,
Brexnds: forehead. ¥ 686,
Begs: a hundredarmed giant,
called Briarells by the gods, but
Alyaioy by men. A 408,
Botte (Apiw) = am sluggish, inactive,
az
Bptdooing: weight, burden, load.
piOvs, -cla, -Ui heavy. B 746,
Botoreds, -jos: Brises, father of Brisets,
A 992.
Bolenls, -ior: daughter of Brises, 9
Veloved captive of Achilles, from
whom she was taken unjustly by
Agamemnon. Sho was returned
to Achilles after the reconcilin-
tion, in the Nineteenth Book of
the iad. Only her patronymic"
is wd by Homer (§ 30 9),
and perhaps this means only
maiden from Brisa (or Bross)
Lesbos. In the sack of Lyrnessus
by Achilles her husband and her
three brothers had been slain.
A 184, $36, B 680, T 245 £,
282 ff,
Broréen eros (Spiros): bloody,
gory. % 480.
Ppore-Aovyse (Aporés): manatestray-
ing, Epithet of Ares, EB 519,
346,
Bporés (woprés, apo-ros, mors) : mor
tal, both ax adj. und subst. § 30.9.
Bpoenal, pl.: a Lacedaemonian
town. B 583,
Bopds (Balvu): (base), aliar. A 440.
Bapos: a Trojan ally. E #4.
2 men- (hero) nourishing,
Epithet of Phthia, A 155,
Tr
yeta: earth, land, ground. Opposed
sometimes to the heavens, some=
times to water, Equivalent to
Yi, ala. A204, B95,
yolu (guuieo) ; rejoice, exult. Cf.
yybiw, A105,
yoda, yen. yidaxros (140): mill.
yoddes, dat. quréy (glos): Aue
band’s sister. (Tho Grooks wore
not restricted to such a clumsy
and indefinite exprossion as sister-
inlaw.) T 122, % 378.
‘yenBeds (yiuos) | connection by mare
riage, daughter's husband, sister's
husband. EB 474, Z 177.
‘yipes: marriage. E429,
Tavosutine, cos (Glad-hearted) (ui
fos): Ganyned, son of Tro
4 ===>
80 VOCABULARY TO THE
(founder and king of Troy),
grandson of Dardanus; becatian
cof his beauty, carried away by
the gods to be the cupbearer of
Zeus. E266, ¥ 232,
vie (76 dpa), causal particle: for.
Tt often introduces the reason or
explanation of something that is
merely implied, Sometimes it
seems to retain the force of the
two particles of which it is oom=
posed, and cannot be translated
by for, but ‘marks @ statement as
cortain and incontestable.”
yarrtip, -tpos, £. (gustric): belly,
stomach, womls
‘yii an enclitic particle, whieh gives
prominence to the foregoing word
or to its whole claus, Some
times it can be translated at leas,
Dut this phrase Is much heavier
and clomster than yé. Generally
its force must be given by inflec-
tion of voioe or by arrangement
of words. In several cases 7
was wrongly inserted by the
eopyiste, after some other conso-
nant had been lost.
‘yevdans, are, 3c ple, yeyatras partion:
perf. of ylyvopat, am torn. B 866.
yelropas, nor, eyelvuo (yiyvopat) : am
born ; aor. beget, bore. A 280,
ye, aor, dyAacae, aor. partic.
qporderamra (yidos) 1 laugh ; aor, fell
to taughing, burst into @ taugh.
laughable, what would raise
ataugh, B 215,
yOws (or yidos, § 37 5): Zaughier.
yout (702) and yotAys race, gen-
sation, treed, stock (of horses).
yer: in age, yeux dpyipov:
fatherland of silver. B 8ST.
yoroOa, yivero: nor. of yapopat, be
come, ama horn. T 323.
gorvatos (yévos); suited to (any) birth,
in (ny) nature, E258,
vivo, ws (genus): race, fiumilyy
birth, descent. -yéver torrepos : later
ly birth, in age, younger, T 215,
yepasés (yous) 3: ott, full of years,
subst. oli man, aged man, -yepaund>
matrons, fem. of yiporres: % 206.
‘viparos (grus,crane): erane. B40.
‘wpapds (yiipas): siately. T170.
yoopdrepos : nuove stately. T 211,
vieos, ph yépa: prise of humor.
Booty taken on tnarauding expe
ditions was the common prop-
erty of the army only after the
several prizes of honor had becit
distributed to the chiefs, ‘These
prizes were sometimes selected
by the leaders themselves, but
are often spoken of as gifts of
the people. Doubtless they were
distributed by the goneral, with
the approval of the army.
Tepqrvos: Gerenis Epithet of
Nestor, prob. from m Messenfan
town or district, B36,
yepovonos: uf the sliders (yipovres).
Epithet of special wine broached
at the ‘aldeemanio' dinners,
‘yipay, -ovtos, vor. -yépow (spas): oll,
aged man, greybeard. Yt in strictly
an adj, with ajuov implied, in
A 588. of yipovres: elders of the
people, the nobles, who without
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THR ILIAD 81
regard to nge formed a Goudy) or
councils ¢f: the Sportan yepoveda,
senatug, aldermen.
yebopas, pli: embankments, diker
Figur. woddpow yérpupas, dike of
“war, be. the Janes between the
two opposing lines of combatants,
(Often called fridges of war, but
Homer docs not use yidupa as
drilge.) (Or, according to others,
the open spaces between the dif-
ferent divisions of the same
army.) ASTI, B88,
Ta: contracted from yula (yeu),
Earth, T 104.
nts, aor, yiOnerev (gaudeo, yale):
rajoice, am glart.
syniserwvoe 5 4272,
yipas, wos: atid age. Cf par.
ripen (yjpas): yrme oll. B 663,
yipws, fin. voice, ery. A 497,
veyron, aor. (2)yérorro, perf, ye
‘phiion (yév0s): come into existence,
mpd 8800
éyaovro: ewne forward (xpé) on
their march. S982.
ywyréome, ful, yrriran, wor. Zynw oF
am born, become, arise.
yr (nosca, fuow): recognize,
perceive, learn, knoe. EB 183:
yAéyos, “cor (ida): will, BATE.
Thadeos GQ) Son of
Sisyphus, father of Bellerophon.
(2) Grandson of Bellerophon,
brave lender of the Lycians
BST6, % 100 f. Seo on B S76.
ypAavn-trms, Bos (yAauads, diy):
brighteyed, glearing-eyed. Epi-
thet of Athera, as the flereenyed
goddess of war; oft al
Glancur.
4
“Brighteyes.” (Homer does nok
mention the yAaxg, owl.)
Tradipar: ‘Thessalian town, BTL,
Yadupés : hollow, BGG, E119,
TAtwas, -avros; Bovotinn town, near
‘Thebes. B 50t,
‘prourds (clot): buitock, E86,
rune ia, ai, comp, yin:
aeeet,
Yule, ~<Sog: motel in the arrow;
one notch for the string, others
{around tho arrow) to secure a
er holt for the fingers,
tongue; language. A249.
‘yrotqy: aor. opt. of yeyndoxu, nme.
‘rig (yanv) : on the Luce, yvig tpure:
Sell upon hie bnew, Cf. db, wtb
ye aor. ind, yp and yrumen [yvooe)
aor. subjy., -yropevar aor. inf,
[yvivad, yréevn fut. ind: of
yomiurno, know, learn, recognizes
A411, BS.
sponds (ylyropuat) 3: brother, TATA,
yedw, pres. partic. foen. yodwoa
(G47 ©), aor, -ydow (ydos): groan,
lament vith groans, KE 413,% 500,
Tovieroa: Achaean town near Pel
lene. B73.
pores (yiyvoax) = nyfipring, ton,
yory, nom. or noo, pl. yourara and
yoo, gen. pl. yorrur, dat. ph
‘poriaert (yovg, Ben th, knee): nee.
The knees were to the anclents
the seat of bodily strength (lenaes
tremble in time of fear), henos
potas” Dore, loosed Mix knees,
teok away Ais strength, fe. dinablod
him. In estreaties, the exppliant
32
alssped tho Knoos of him from
whom he sought the favor. AaB
Ddigaero yoivuw ; elacped iz knees
andl besought him, A 500,
yor: aor, of yodu, lament. Z 500.
yéon: groan, lamentation. % 499.
Tépyeioe 3: of the Gorgon, Gorgim's
Lépris, tvost Gorlys or Gortyna, an
important town in Crete, B 640.
‘yotva, OF yobvara, acc. ply yoovers
dat, plz of yérny knee. % 011.
yourdtonas, fut. -yoursiiroua (ydvy):
aupplicate, entreat. Se yor.
Towwis, fog: Jeader of the Euians
bofors Troy. B48,
Tpsta: Grara,a Boeotian town near
Ordpus from which the later
namo Dpaxol (Greeks) is thought
to be derived. B 498.
yodw, nor, partle, ypdpas (carve):
weraley cut. dy rivat:
cutting on a tablet. Possibly this
wag not wriiny with an alphabet,
But» pictorial representation of
what had been done or was to be
done, % 169.
yends, dat. ypnt: ol woman. T1386,
yoodey: curved, curred plate of the
armor, B99.
Toyain (Aw): the Gygacan lake
in Lydia near Sardis, and the
nymph of that lake. B 865,
yotor: (jini), limb, member (of
noes, feet, arma, hands), tpdpor
Dae yin: trembling seize
fimbs. pula 8° FBqeer édncppa
toile his timibs tight, T 34,
yore paris, dor (huoivw) + woman-mnl,
of Purl, P39.
VOCABULARY TO THE
yorsy dat. yuvaux’, ace. yuvalna, ¥oo.
yivar (queen); woman, — wifes
A 348,
Tvprdvm: town of the Lapithne, in
Pelugiotis, B 735.
‘Yop, yrds: oulture, A 237. >
A
Sofpeves (aor. inf.) aor. subjy, Suir
por: Learn: used ax pass, of Bibie
exw, teach. B 209, Z 150,
Samp, -<por!—vwsband’a
1180.
Baibidios 3: cunningly wrought richly
ermamentod. % 41%
SalBaroy (cf. Dacidufus): cunning
work.
Saito, nor. inf. Bulgar: rend, cleave.
Saxérios (Baijsuv) 3: (one under the
influence of a slivinity), strange
godders, sir! Saauémes my poor wife
(or husband), Madam! ‘The con
nection must determine the exact
foree,
Baluwv, -ovog: divinity: mach like
eds, but esp. of tho gods in rela
tion with men. (Never demon.)
Balvyper: feast. Cf. deréopar.
Bals, gon, Burds (Bxirrpar) : feast.
Saxrpév: measured portion, A 262,
Satdper, -ovws: fieryearted, ealiant
Salm, plpf. Sedyjav (§ 44 A): bindlles
ppt, Aad blazed! forth, was Wasing.
Séxve, nor. Bixe: bite, Sgrur. sting.
Séxpu (lacruma, tear): tear,
Saxpuins, rou tearful, shedding
tears, bringing teary. % 455,
Bdxpwor: equiv. to Bdxpe, fear
brother,
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD
Saxpiw, aor, Baxpheas: weep, shed
tears ; aor. fell fo weeping. BAD.
Sépop, -apros : wife, spouse, T 122,
dure, impf, Bsuva, fut. Says and
Rapsuow, nor. (2)Sipacon, nor.
pass. diay aor, aubjy. pass.
Sapoiys, perf. pase. SeBurjnorth,
pipf. pass. Sdujaro, nor. partio,
Suydivra (domare, tame): bring
into subjection, subdue, overcome,
conquer, master.
Aeraol: the Danaiins; strictly de-
scendants or subjects of King
Danais of Argos, Used for the
Grooka before Troy like “Ayal
and “Apydm (§ 22 *). They are
called rayvmwAoc (with swift steeds),
SémiBov: floor, pacement. A 2.
Bderw, aor, Baye: devour, lear.
AapSarlBna: con of Dardanus, Epix
thet esp. of his descendant
Priam.
AapSdnos 3 and AdpSavog: Darda-
nion; pl. the Dardanians, inhabit
ants of the country around ‘Troy,
Jed by Aeneas. B 819. They re
ceived their name from Dardanus
(son of Zeus), who was the grand-
father of Tres (who gave his
name to poly, the Tread) and
the great-grandfather of lus
(who gave his name to “Log
and wns father of Laomedon and
grandfather of Priam). Y216 i,
Spm, -yros: Dares, privat of He-
phaesius, in Troy. E 9 Mf.
Serpds (Sui, Sxrdopat): distribution,
division, of the spoils. A 156.
ferionar, aor, Siew Pass
33
Séburrac: divide among thersetoes,
distribute. Of. Baivepos, Sacrpin.
AavAls, ‘dor: Dawlis, Phocian town,
on a height east of Delphi.
B 520.
Ba-howvds: all biowi-red, § 40d.
Sadpev: tearm, aor. subj. pase of
Sikiorem, teach, 200,
84, conj. : tut, amt. Freq. 8¢is used
in tho spodosis of » conditional
‘or relative clause,—a transition
to tho domonatrativo construction
‘or a aurvival of the older and
simpler ‘paratactic’ or ‘coordi-
nate” construction, Freq. a
elause with 8¢ Ix used where a
subordinate clause (of cause, con
cension, time, etc.) might have
been used; hence 8 may often
be translated for, though, while,
84: inmparable enclitic particle;
c.g. opie, to the agons ; olxivbe,
ta the house, hesnewart, § 83 ¢,
Béypavos: waiting: aor. of Bkxouay,
reesiee, expect. BTM.
Bbarra: perf. of Bariopas, divide,
Sebeypiven: waiting, on the watch,
part. partic. of Béyopa. A 107,
B&do: receire (in hostile sense),
port. Imy. of Sexova E 228,
SéBero : ppt. pass. of Bé, tind.
Show: was Basing; plpt. of Bale,
kindle. §445. BO
BEpfiaro (§ 44 1) plpf., Sebpfyerda
perf.: were (are) subject; pans. of
Bd, suibrine. 1188, B S78
SBpqnlves: perf. pass. of Bij, build
Sitoras : part. piss, of BiBwps, gine.
Babixere: were platging; pipf. mid,
4 —
84
of Beinwyyar, (exfow! the hand),
greet, honor. 4.
Babipay, ors (Suidw): searsol, cow
arity, 156.
fablrropa, (Belbw): frightens am
frightened. & 184,
Sibu, wor. (f)8uoe, pert. BiBoun,
perf. imv. bide, perf. partic.
Budssres, pip. Beibper (SpeiBo,
bios): fear, am afimid, Sinca
the stem originally began with
two consonants, a short vowel is
often ‘long by position" before it,
Selxvypos, plpf. a8 aor. Badéya
pleilye, greet. 4.
Saluvun, nor. Saker: point owt, show.
E S70.
Sede (Bios) 3: cowardly, rorthtess,
miseruble. A 203.
Seiya, aro (Béoe) | fright, terror.
Aapés: Terror, attendant of Aros.
Seo"Apys, A 440.
Bards (Séos) 3: terrible, fearful, drean.
favov dvevew: nodded terribly,
T 337.
Seievov: dinner; the chief men) of
the day whenever it was taken,
whether early or late; generally
eaten about noon, Cf dpurroy,
breakfast : Biprov, supper. B 831.
Baphi: neck. T Stl.
Beto: aor. of BetBu, four, F623.
Sica (decom, indecl. fer
As a round B1s9,
AMT.
Bends, -aSos, £.: decade, equad of ten.
Bécaror A: tenth, Beniry? on the
tenth day ; ac. hudpy, See on ASL,
Beok-xDioe : ten thousand. E 880,
ten) =
number.
VOCABULARY TO THE
Siero: aor. of Béxopas, accepts
Bpne: Uvilet, stature, form, KAW.
du, perf. pars. SeBpredvon: dnilit.
Bévpeow: (ree. (SevBpéq ia diayllabio.)
‘Bikar, BigmerBar: aor, of Béyopae, re
ceive, A112, B 227, Z 46.
Bey: (80. NeIp), iyi hand, pledge.
Seguds 3 anid Befirvpds (dexter) 3:
right, on the right, Sekureps right
hand,
‘Blos, ~<os (S605) x fear, dreud, A BLS,
Binas, dat. pl derdarow: goblet,
beaker,cup. Cfntrddov. AFT,
Bipeopar : look, re, hare right. ASS.
satos: hitte, leather (of &
whield). 2 11
Bip, nor. Sepay: flay. A 459,
Serpds (Siw): bond, halter (of a
horse), Z 507.
Baipo, Beipo (LC hither.
Sometimes as an interjection,
come hither! A153, BABB.
Bedrepoy, adv. : secomh, nect. A O18.
Seirepos : aceunsd, next, T 349.
Beiw : mvisten, wet, BATL
Béconas, aor. (@)Bifure, aor. inf.
Sexbau, port. im, deBeko, fut. pork.
as fut. SBidopa: receine, fake,
accept, weleome: await, reeeiee Gn
hostile sense). A 23,
Siw, aor. (ZSnouy, ply, Bébero= dined,
fetter. Of. Beryés, 406.
$4, temporal and determinative
particle already, at lengthy
elenrly, just. No Fogtish particles
correspond to many of ite uses,
Freq. with imy. and opt, and
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD 35
with other particles, and strength-
ening the superlative. Tt stands
at the beginning of the clause in
tho phrases 5) rére, 8) yip- It
forms one syllable (by ‘ayniue-
sis,’ $25) with the first syllable
of abre, at, and of obese, and seve
eral other words, —in these cases
boing originally perhaps a «weal
form’ Bé which was related to 6%,
bs pér is to wv,
BnB4 (Fv), nelv-: lony, for a tong
time. B 435, B 587.
EnPbvw: delay, tarry. Z 510.
Amusdey, -wvroe: « Trojan killed by
Agamemnon, 34,
Bipor (Gxlw): dln
atroying, hostile; pl. encmier.
Bmortp, -iros (dyjuos) © airife, conslict.
T 20, E 345,
Smdw, impl. Bjow, aor, subjy. 5;
cwow, aor. pass. Jurtic. Bgubix
ray slay, eut down, destroy.
comrade of Sthenclus.
yy deeouring, sle-
Ba
SqMepas, Aor. (Z)bnAyjoarro : harm,
T 107.
Annirnp. gen. Arjunrpos: Demeler,
Corns. She is not one ef the more
important gods, B 096, B
Snpo-Pépes (Simon, Bipwioaw); dle
couring the goods of the people.
A 231.
Snno-yipuy, -ovror: eliler of the people,
in Troy. T 140, A 72,
Anpondeey, -ww-ros: fon of Print, slain
by Odysseus, A 499.
Bios: country, land: people. Sypov
GxGpx: man of the people, common
wrong, tay. waste.
Eqvaids (dijv’)
Biivos, cos, pl
Bfiray: nor. of Bee, hi
SqaOlrrwy nor. pass, p
man, contrasted with the nobles,
B 198, T 50, Z 158,
Shy (Ber), adv. long, for a long time,
longsliced. Cf Srfld. A812,
lonplived, E AOT,
thoughts, S361,
fou: aoe dyidu, clay, destroy.
Enpsy, adv: lung. Of pe div.
86.
oor nor, subj
Ala: noe, of Zam. ASM.
Sie, fom. of Sos: magnificent, divine,
ud (dro, dis, iwain), adv. and prep,
with yen. and acc: betmecn,
through, in different directions. (1)
Adv. buh erjow Barioyro: divided
(parted) amany them the property +
4a rpixa noopybivres: divided in
three tribes, (2) With gen. Ba
dowidog: through the shield, (8)
With aco, dd doping: through (hy
means of ) the conflicts: Bid vinta:
during the night > dit pavrortvgy
Con account of), by means uf’ hin gift
of propheey.
In composition with verba But
indicates motion Mrowgh some-
thing, completion, separation, re
ciprocal relation.
Siadpiers, aor. pass, partic, Buarpy-
div: break in plecex. T 363.
Brawdétu, nor, partic. SunAdewus:
Ireal in pieces, E216,
Sio-nozpéw, nor. opt. pass dureoryere
Baier (wrpos)) sliiile anid arrange.
Of. dispono. B 126.
Branptre, fut Sacpiia, nor. sass.
Leiapeter [Biexpitdyray], sor. inf.
re
28
Pahos, -05 (/2ciAAw) : valenile, arrow.
Bértios, cos (Baths) + depth, A358,
BA [iBo], Phrere [iBjouro}, Bir
copay [Aijrwper], Bh or Baw [80,
$62): wor. of Balrw, go. The
Jat aor, i# transitive.
Pndde (Baloo): Wireshold. A GOL.
Bieea: Lorian town, B 592,
Biewa: glen, ravine. B 552, T 34.
Blas, -ayros: a lieutenant of Nestor.
A206,
Bifiyms (Batre): go. wap ByBivra =
with long arides, T 22,
Aly: might, strength, for attack; pl.
deeds of violence, violence. Freq.
in periphrasia (cf pavos, ofévos,
Kip). $10d. Upudwoo Bin: the
might of Priam, the mighty Brian,
Bin "“Hpawdnein: the mighty Her
acles,
Bin-psv, old looat,: in might, S25,
Aids: bow. A 125,
Bioros (Biox): Iife, means of life,
wealth. E544, % 14
BMurrw, aor. pass, partic. Blagbévre:
weaken, hinder, hold back, % 39.
Brfpevon BAtots, PAitro: aor, mid.
as pase. of Bd, hit, § 60d.
PAsonw, aor. partic. paroioa: go.
$209,
Bedypiog: a stream in eastern Lo.
erly, emptying into the sea oppo
vito the northwest corner of
Ruboes, B 5a3,
Pode, pres. partic. Bosuyres (§ 4T ¢)
(Bor) : shout, ery aloud. BOT.
Pouin (Bods) : cxhinte (we, Bopd, see on
AGA), shield of oxhide (a0. dorms).
B4n.
VOCABULARY TO THE
Béaos (Bote): of catile. veipa Péam:
ox sinews, bowstring, A 122,
og: ehowl, outery. Bai dyabig
good at the war ery, valiant in war
(esp. of Menclaus and Diomed),
‘This was an important quality in
battle when trumpets were not
used.
Botfq: Boche in Thessaly, not far
from Pherae, on the lake to which
it gives itsname. B7L2,
Bofals, -iBos: of Boebe. BosByls
Auwrgs Boebean lake, BT.
Bowroi: the Bocotians. B 494, 510,
E70. =
Podwrres: partic. of Bodum, shout,
Bopins, xen. Bopino: Boreas, North
wind. (See dveuos.) E524,
Pocrxe (fois, botany): pasture, ford,
rE
Porpub6v (Bérprs), adv.t in elusters
like grapes, of swarms of bees,
B80,
PovPav, Syoc: groin, 4 499,
Bovioddw (BourdAos) = tent cattle.
Bownodiov, wos (bucali eldest son
of Laomedon, 4
+ councitor, member of the
Bod). Z 114.
Povhetw, fut. Aovdedryner, nor. Box
Aetoaro (Boudj): advive, counsel >
mild. dpliberate, plan. B B47.
Bouky: advice, counsel, plan will,
purpore; council, composed of
yeporres, elders. A 5, BOS.
Bovhn-dépes: counsel-giver, councilor,
Epithet of princes. B 180,
Botdopan (Sours, volo): wish, will,
prefer. Because of its comparative
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD
idea, it is sometiroes followed by
Hh like Powopat piddov. A 117.
Bowel, “ys (wujaow): ox-goad,
whip. % 135,
Bovapdowy; ancient town in north-
orn Elia, B 615.
Pots, gon. Bods, nom. pl, Bées, dat.
Pl, Béarox or Bovot, aoe, pl. Béas
or Bois (bos, cow): or, cow; pl.
cattle,
Bodmin, «os (Boos, Sy): (oxeyed),
calm eyed, soft eyed, ie. with doep,
majestically quiet eyes. Epithet,
esp. of Hera, Boims xérna “App.
Cf. Neonidevos.
Brdxw: rour, grate loudly, B 860,
Boles, nid. Boiuowm: roar. eyidn
Bodues: roars loudly, Beate with a
roar. B 210, & 426,
Bonds: forehead, E 580.
Bpépes: & bundred-armed giant,
called Briarews by the gods, but
Alyaior by men. A 403,
Bete (BpiPa): am sluygivh, inactive,
4 223.
Ppifoesvg: weight, burden, load.
Boia, ~<a, i: hey. E TAG.
Boteets, “jos: Briscs, father of Brisels,
A $92,
Botenis, (Bos: slaughter of Brises,
beloved captive of Achilles, from
whom sho waa taken unjustly by
Agamemnon. She waa returned
to Achilles after the reconcilia-
tion, in the Nineteenth Book of
the Hiad, Only her ‘patronymic’
is umd by Homer (§ 89 9),
and perhaps this means only
maiden from Brisa (or Bross) on
20
Lesbos. In tho sack of Lyrnessua
by Achilles her husband and her
three brothers had been alain.
A Piety ae
Broro-ovyss (Bpords): marcdestroy~
ing, Epithet of Ares E 618,
865.
Bpords (uoprds, mpo-ros, mora): mor
tat, both as adj, and subst, § 309.
Bpvowot, pl: a Lacedsemonian
town. B Sas.
Buraés (Paiva): (base), alter. A 440,
Bépos: a Trojan ally, B44.
Borvdvupa: mene (hero) nourishing.
Epithet of Phthia, A 156.
r
‘yota: earth, land, growsd. Opposed
sometimes to the heavens, some
times to water, Equivalent to
Yala, A 254, B95.
yale (gandeo) + rejoice, exult. Cf:
ynblo. A 405.
yoda, gen. ydAaxtos (lac): milk,
yadbus, dat. yadoy (glos): sue
band's sister. (The Greeks wens
not restricted to such a clumsy
and indefinite expression ns sisters
indaw.) T 129, Z 878
youBede (yayos): connection ty mare
riage, daughter's Musband, sister's
Ausband. E 474, Z 177.
yauos: marriage. E 429.
Tarepitys -cox (Glai-Rearted) (sip
805): Ganymed, son of Trew
«a
80 VOCABULARY TO THE
(founder and king of Troy),
grandson of Dardanus; because
of his beauty, carried away by
the gods to be the oupbearer of
Zeus. ¥ 266, ¥ 232.
ie Cy doa), causal particle: sor.
Tt often introduces the reason or
explanation of something that is
morcly impliod. Sometimes it
sooma to rotain the foree of the
two particles of which it is com-
posed, and cannot be translated
by for, but + marks a statement as
certain and incontestable,’
yori, ~<pos, f. (gastric):
slomach, womb,
yt: an enclitio particle, which gives
prominence to the foregoing word
or to its whole clause, Some-
times it oan be translated at feast,
but this phrase ach heavier
and clumsier than yé Generally
it force must be given by infleo-
tion of voice or by arrangement
of words In saveral casos"
was wrongly inserted by tho
copyists, ufter some other conso-
nant had been lost.
yerdacs, are, 3d pl., yeyudras partic.
pert. of yéyronm, am horn. B66,
yelvopas, avr. dyelbuo (yéywopa) = am
born; nor. begat, bore. A280.
yada, sor, détarce, aor. partie.
yederuoa (vidos): laugh; nor. felt
fo taughing, burat into a langh,
yokes: laughable, what would raise
alaugh. B 2b
lus (or ptos, $37): laughier.
‘yore (yoos) and yevl®Aqs race, gen-
belly,
eration, breed, stock (of horms).
yerey: mm age. yes hy dpyipou:
Sutherland of silver, B8GT.
yerdeBas, yivero = sor. of -yéyvopas, be
come, am born. T 328,
‘yervatos (vero): sulted tu (my) birth,
én (my) nature. E253.
yivos, -tos (ers): race, fumily,
birth, descent, —spéver Borrepos t later
by dirth, in age, younger. F215.
sreaiss (yijpas) 3: oli, full of years
subst, old man, aged man, yepauni
matrons, fem. of yépovres. Z 200,
vipaves (rus, crane)! crane. BAGO.
‘yeeapds (-yppas): siately. T 17
snpapsrpos; more stately. E211.
vipan, ple yipat prize of honor.
Booty taken on marauding expe:
ditions was the common prop-
erty of the army only after the
several prizes of honor had been
distributed to the chiefs. These
prizes were somotines selected
by the leaders themselves, but
are often spoken of as gifts of
the people. Doubtless they were
distributed by tho general, with
the approval of the army,
Tepinos: fFerenian. Epithet of
Nestor, prob, from a Messenian
town or district B 336,
yepotoues: of the eliters (-pépovres)-
Epithet of special wine broasled
at tho ‘aldermanio* dinnies,
yYipev, -ovros, vor. aipov (yiipas)= old,
ayed man, greybeard, Th isatetetly
an adj., with Sxjuov implied, in
A388. ak ylpovres: eliders af the
people, the nobles, who without
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD 31
regard to age formed 9 Rous or
council; cf the Spartan yepoveria,
senatus, aldermen.
0p, pl: embankments, dikes.
Figur, roAgpow yébupas, dikes of
“war, ie. the Ianea between the
two opposing lines of combatants.
(Often called Bridges of war, but
Homer does not use ybupa as
bridge.) (Or, acourding to others,
the open spaces between the dif.
ferent divisions of the same
army.) 4 371, E88.
Th: contracted from yuin (yar),
Earth. T104.
ites, wor. -piPyoe (gaUd00, Yuin):
rejoice, am gla.
yaldowves hs yl, AY
‘phpas, aoe: old aye. Cf yépav.
rnpderne (yhpas): grow old, B63,
tipws, form. wiee, ery SX A8T.
verona, aor, (@yévorre, perf. ye
liar (-yevos): come into existence,
mpd tod
cwne furward (mpd) on
kh. A982.
Pyvdoxw, fat yroran, aor. Fyvo or
yrs (nos, Lie): recognize,
perceive, learn, know, BAR.
kyon, “cos (Aa): milk, BAT.
Pradees: Glavens. (1) Son of
Sisyphus, father of Bellerophon.
(2) Grandson of Bellerophon,
brave lender of the Lyoians,
B 876, % 160 ff. See on B 878.
yrave-tms, Bor (yAawwds, dif):
Irighteyed, gleamingreyor. Expl
thet of Athena, as the fieree-eyed
goddess of war; of A 200.—
born, become, arise,
“Bright ayes” (Homer does not
mention the yAaik, owl.)
Thapipar: Theseslian town, BUI.
yAabvps 3: hullow, BOG, F118
TMeas, ros: Bocotinn town, near
Thebes B 504,
‘Yovrds (clol): fnttock. B66.
Ponda, da, 4 voip. -yAvadwws
sweet.
vols, Box: notch in the arrow;
one noteh for the string, others
(around the arrow) to secure a
firmer hold for the fingers.
129,
Psewa: tongue: language, A249,
yrotqy: aor. opt. of yryvirxw, know.
‘writ (y6vv) = on the knee, pit Epere:
fell ypon his knee. Cf. Naf, wif.
yr nor. Ind, ypand yrs [yviiox)
aor, subjr, yrépnm aor. inf.
Lyvivat}, yrds fut. ind. of
yeynioaw, know, learn, reeugnize.
Adil, BAAD,
yrards (ylpropat) 3: brother, TITS,
yous, pres, partic. fom. yodwou
($47 €), aor. oor Fydos): groan,
lament with groans. B 418, 2 500,
Toviwwa: Achnoan town near Pel-
lene. B78
hres (yfyropat) + affipring, son,
yor, Hom. oF ace. pl. yodura and
yoda, gen. ple yevvwr, dat. pl.
youre (yong gon, knee): knees
‘The knees were to the ancients
the vent of bodily strength (knees
tremble in time of fear), hence
yoiras” Duow, lowed his knees
took away Ris strength, é.¢. Aieabilod
him. In entreaties, the suppliant
a
32 VOCABULARY TO THE
clasped the knees of him from
whom he sought the favor. AaBiw
@Nicoero yore : clasped his knees
‘anil hesoraght hin. A GOO,
yoow: aor. of yodw, lament. % 500,
vier: groan, lamentation, Z 409.
Pépynos 3: of the Gorgon, Gorgon’s.
Tépros, vor: Gurtye or Gorfyna, an
important town in Crote, B G46.
yoors or yoovara, acc. pl, yoovas
dat. pl. of yarn, knee. 2 O11,
yourdtopas, fat yoordoromm (yéri):
supplicate, entreat. See yive.
Tovéa, -joz: leader of the Eniana
before Troy. B748,
Tpala: Grara, a Boeotian town near
Ordpus from which the later
wame Dpanol (Greeks) is thought
to be derived, B 408,
‘yeaa, nor. qurtic. ypdifae (carve):
wratch, cut, ypdjas ty ivan:
cutting on a tablet. Possibly this
was not writing with an alphabet,
but’ pictorial representation of
what had been done or was to be
done, 2 100.
yonds, dat. ypyt: old woman, L386.
viador: curren, curred plate of the
armor, E00,
Duyaty (Ajury): the Gyyaean lake
in Lydia near Sardis, and the
nymph of that Inke, B 865.
ywiov: (jvint), tim, member (of
Knecs, feet, arms, hands). tpduos
Trae qin: trembling selset hix
tins, pote 8° Eywey dabpds
maile his linube light. ¥ 34,
Yorarpars, -fos (naive) = woman-mad,
of Paris, £39,
yh, dat, yuvuné, occ. yurainn, Yoo
ylma —(quccen): woman, reife.
A S48,
Tvprévq: town of the Lapithas, in
Pelasgiotis, B76.
YY; yids: vulture, A237, ,
4
Safpevas (aor. inf.), wor, subjy. Baie
ev: learn; used as pass. of &BS-
axe, teach. B299, % 150.
~ipos: husband's
1180.
Baibédeos 3: cunningly wrought, richly
ornamented. Z 418,
Balbarov (cf. Daedalux): eunning
work,
Battw, aor. inf. dalgar: rend, cleare
Baipdvos (Baiuwv) 3; (one uncer the
influence of a divinity), strange
gutitess, sir! Buipsne: my poor wife
(or husband), Madam! The eon-
nection must determine the exact
force.
Salper, -ovos: divinity; much like
Ged5, but esp. of the gods in rela
tion with men. (Never demon.)
Batrowar: fenst. Cf. Bardowan
Gals, gen. Bards (Baémpm) > feast.
Baurpév: measured portion. A 262,
Sateppuv, -over : slery-hearted, valiant.
Bale, pipt. Bebipaw (344 b): Aindl
pipf. had blazed forth, was blazing.
Baxvw, wor. &éxe: bile, figur. sting.
Sdepv (lncruma, fear): fear.
Saxpudne, -urou: tearful, shedding
tears, bringing Weare. % 455.
Baxpvov : equiv, to Sdapu, tear.
brother.
=
Sépap, -opror: wife, spouse, T 122.
Sdyvnps, impf, ium, fut. Sap and
Rapdwow, nor, (d)biyaroa, nor.
pass, dyn, wor, subjy. pass.
Fopriys, pork, pass, SBurjnerbe,
Pipf. pass, Spyro, aor. partic,
Sunder (domare, tame): Bring
into mubjection, subdue, overcome,
conquer, master,
Aaracl: the Danaiina; strictly do-
wendants or subjects of King
Danatls of Argos. Used for the
Grooka before Troy like “Aywol
and "Apydm (§ 22 ¢), They are
called rayimunor (with swift steeds),
BéwreBov: floor, pavement. 2.
Bérrw, nor. Tuypey: devour, tear.
AapSavibqe: son of Dardanus. Epi-
thet esp. of his descendant
Priam.
Aaptinoe 3 and AdpBavoe: Dardax
nian: pl. the Dardanians, inhabit-
ants of tho country around ‘Troy,
Jed by Aeneas, B19. ‘They m-
ceived their name from Dardanus
{son of Zeus), who was the grand-
father of Tros (who gave his
name to Tpoi, the Troad) and
the great-grandfather of Tlus
(who gave his name to "Lor
and was father of Laomedon and
grandfather of Priam). Y215 ff.
Aépne, ros: Dares, priost of Ho-
phasstus, in Troy. B9 ff.
Saepéa (Sule, Bariopat): distribution,
division, of the spoils. A 160.
Gerdopas, aor. Sisourro, perl, pass.
on s height east of Delphi.
B 520.
Bonpowwds: all blooded, §40ul.
Bacper: learn, aor. anbjy, pase of
Bibiern, teach, R299,
$4, conj.: but, and, Freq. 8¢ is used
in the apodosis of o conditional
or relative clause, —a transition
to the domonatrative construction
ors survival of the older and
simpler ‘paratactic’ or ‘ codrdi«
nate* construction, Freq.
clause with 8¢ is used where a
snbordinate clause (of cause, con-
cession, tims, ete.) might have
been used; hence & may often
be translated for, though, while.
84; inseparable enclitio particle;
e.gr dryognivBe, to the agora; obxbrBc,
to the house, homeward, § 83 ¢.
Skéyperos: waiting: aor. of Bixopan
receive, expect. B94,
SBarras: pert. of Buriopas, divide.
SeBeypivos: teaiting, on the watch,
perf. partic. of Béyoum. A 107,
Sibfe: receive (in hostile sense),
pert. iiny, of Sixouan E228,
Bébero : ply. pass. of Biv, Bind.
SeBhur: was Blaring; plpf. of Bale,
Kindle. $44). B93, S
Bebuharo (§ 44 /) plpfy, BGptiperta
perf: were (are) subject ; poss. of
Sdprqun suite, T 183, E 878.
SBpnplvor: perf. pace, of Bijan, builil,
Béboras : port. pass. of B/Buyss, give,
Babixaro: were pledging; plpt. mid.
z=
84 VOCABULARY TO THE
of Beixvvpa, (exten the hunt),
greet, honor, 4
BeiBhna, ovo (SelBw): ferrfiul, cow-
arly. T 56.
Bablewonar (Geldu):
frightened. S184,
Seiba, nor, (ZB, pert. beiBourn,
perf. imy, Selby perf. partic.
Badéres, plpf. Beldper (Bebo,
Bios): fear, am afraid. Since
the stom originally began with
two consonants, a short vowel is
often ‘long by position’ before it
Selevyim, plpf. ms aor. dudiyaro:
ledge, yret. SAL
Selavons, aor. Sefer: pwint out, rhon,
E570.
Budde (5ios) 3: cowardly, worthless,
miserable. A 203.
Beipa, -aros (Bios) + fr
Aapis: Terror, attendant of Aros,
See"Apys. O 440,
Seuvds (Sos) 3: terrible, foarful, drew.
Bavov Eveven: nodded terribly.
Tr aa.
Sciwvov: dinner; the chief meal of
the day whenever it was taken,
whether early or lates gencrally
eaten about noon. Cf. épurrov,
breakfast ¢ tam supper, BRB1,
Boph: neck. I'S
Seiwe: aor. of Beil ars E (2a,
Bina (devem, ton): Indecl, ten,
As a round number, BAS9,
a7.
Bonds, ~iSog, f.7 decade, aque of ten.
Bécaror 3: tenth. Beadry: on the
tenth day ; 4, jpépy. See on A GA.
Bend-x tho. ten thowand. E860,
Jrighten san
Siero : aor. of Béxopan acceple
Sinus: Incite, stature, form. A 5.
Sine, perf. pass, Sbaqadroe: built,
Mvbpeov: tree. (SerBpiy is disyllabie.)
Békas, Bifacdar: nor. of Séyouat, re-
A112, £227, 2 46,
Betahy: (se. rH), right hand, pledge.
Segvis 3 ond Beberpis (dexter) 3:
right, om the right. Bekerepyp: right
Jaw,
Bios, -cos (Spéon) = fear, dreaul, A B15,
Béras, dat. pl Berdecow: goblet,
beaker,enp. Cfintnedhuy. AATL.
Bépropor : (ook, see, have wight. A SS.
Sippa, -aros: hide, leather (of a
shield). 2117,
Sipw, nor. Bapay: flay. A459.
Berpds (Stw): bond, halter (of o
home). %
(Ghopan| O Bewbary [ocho iioae
§ 44.1]; Lack, am in want.
Sipe, Beipw (F240), addy. : hither.
Sometimes as an interjection,
come hither! A 103, B 138.
Sebrepoy, aly, : seconl, next. A GLB.
Sebrapos: xecond, next. 1340.
feiw: moisten, wet. B 471
Bixopar, aor. (é)\dgaro, vor. inf.
SexG, port. imv. déugo, fut. part.
as fut. Sebigouce;s receicn, duke,
aceepl, weloone ; amait, receive (itt
hostile sense). A 3.
ceive.
Bio, nor. (Z)Sncay, plpl. Bedero: tind,
fetter.
OY, Buryés. A 406.
oral and determinative
won, ailready, at length;
clearly, just. No English particles
correspond to many of ils uses,
Freq. with imy. and opt., and
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD
with other particles, and strongth-
ening the superlative. It stands
at tho beginning of the clause in
the phrases & rére a) yép. It
forms one syllable (by ‘synize-
ig,’ § 25) with tho first «yllable,
of atre, af, and of obrws, aud sey
eral other words, — in these onses
boing originally perhaps « +weak
form’ 8é which was related to dj,
8 pao i8 to priv
Gy0d (Biv), adves ony, for a tong
time. B ASD, E587,
Sqbtvw: delay, tarry. Z 519.
Ameéer, -wrros! a Trojan killed by
Agamemnon. E 534,
Bivos (Sui) > blazing, sterouring, de
stroying, hostile ; ple
Eqorie, Pros (Bijuws)s strife, conslict.
120, E
Squda, tmpf, yom, aor, subjy. Syir
qwow, aor. pass, partic, byw Di-
rev: slay, wt down, destroy,
Antrohes: comrade of Sthenelus.
E 325,
SqyMopns, aor. (é)Bghyjouvro: harm,
wrong, tay waste. T 107.
Ayatrenp, gure. Avjiayrpos: Demeter,
Ceres, She is not one of the mons
important gods. B 006, B 600.
Sqpe-Pépos (Bypuns, Rppuerem)> de
rouring the outs of the people.
A 281,
Eqnonyepwy, -ovros : eller of the penple,
in Troy. 1149, A 372,
Anpoxdav, -wrrog: son of Priam, slain
by Odysseus, S409,
Sqyoe: country, fone : people. Biyuow
GrBpa: man af the peaple, commun
35
‘man, contrasted with the nobles.
B 108, P50, Z 158,
She (Seq), ave: long, fore long timo,
longlived, Cf. bybd. A512.
Eqvards (driv): longelived. FE A0T.
SAvos, -¢os, pl> Uhoughts. 362,
Sydw; see Spd, lay, destroy.
Sqptr, adlvas longs Cf. Ba By Bre
Sheav: aor. of béw, bind, E386,
SqwNvrw nor. past. partic., Sydeu
aw nor. subjy.: of Sque, slay.
Ala; ace, of Zais. A 3M,
Sta, fem. of Siog: magnificent, divine.
$14. (Bio, dis, Neain), adv. and prop.
with gon. and ace, betieveny
through, in different directions. (1)
Adv, Bi arfjow Suréovro: divided
(parted) among them the property ¢
Bui rpéya xoorpybévres: alividedl in
three tribes, (2) With gem. Sd
dermiBos = Wirough the shield. (3)
With ace, &d topdrus: trough @y
oicans of) the canjlictes ii vivcras
during the night; Bad pavrooduny
(on account of}, by means uf hie gift
of prophecy.
In composition with verbs, but
indicates motion through gome-
thing, completion, separation, re-
clprocal relation,
batpiwre, aor, pass partic, durpo-
piv: break in pico, T363,
Breehaqe, aor, partic, duaxAdowag!
break in pieces, E210.
Sie-xorpie, nor. opt pass. &ianorpy-
Beiuey (cxrpos): divide and arrange,
Cf dispono, B 126,
Branptver, fit. Surepurde, mor. jase,
Buixpiter [Siexpityouy), wor. int.
zz
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD
Storie (Brg) : stroll, weeter. A G41.
Bivijaus, -aror: euldying. BST.
Sivweris (Surdnd) Bi skifflly turned,
well wrought, or ailorned with spirat
ornaments. T 301.
Bio.pop, don (yivoe) + sprung from
Zeus, descended from Zeus, of
kings and prinoes, who were ander
the special care of the king of
the gods, See on A 276,
Avoedtis, Hor! son of Orwilochus of
Pheras in Messenia. B 542 ff.
Aropsiing, cos: Diomed, son of Tydeus
(who fell in tho firat expedition
against Thebes), king of Argos,
one of the bravest and mightiest
of the Achneans before Troy.
Only Agamemnon and Nestor led
a larger fleet. on the expedition.
‘The Fifth Book of tho Mia ix
mainly devoted to his exploits, in
the course of which he wounds
Aphrodite and (aided by Athona)
even Are, He has a famous
meeting with Glauons (2119 #f.).
He visits the Trojan oxmp with
Odysseus, nnd slays the Thracian
Rhesus (K 219 ff). He returned
in safuly to Argos ab the close of
the war, He is called Bohy yas
and xparepés-
Ater: Euboean town, south of Oreas.
B 538,
Bios, Bin, Stor: ylorious, divine, god-
like, noble, without reference to
moral quality. Freq. epithet of
Achilles and of Odysseus, having
convenient motrical adaptation to
the names of thows heroes, allow-
8T
ing the bucotle diaeresis (at the
clove of the fourth foot), § 68 i.
Bro-rpedie, ~dos (spispw)t Zeuenowr
ished, Zeuscherished, of kings,
double; opp. to dwhots. T126_
Br-whsos: tieo-folil, double, & 138,
Biwrug, yor: double, A 401,
Blexos (disk); discus, quoit. The
game waa more like ‘patting the
shot? than the modern «pitching
quolts,’ —the effort being to hurl
the disous as far ax poesible,
Bigpos: (1) fooibound of chariot,
chariot box, chariot; low, open
behind, with a rounded rim
(Grr) around the front and
Kides, Soe appa, 1310. (2) Stool,
low seat without » back, T 424.
Ble: fear. Cf. Beibu.
Sidne: pursue, 672.
Aséry: Dione, mother of Aphrodite.
Baro,
Aséviees: Dionijsus, Bacchus, Son
of Zeus and Semele, reared by
nymphs in Thrace, The Thra-
clan king Lycurgus attacked the
nymphs, and Dionysus fled Into
the sen, to Thetis, Z 132 ff.
Dionysus is mentioned only inei-
dentally in Homer, and clearly
has not gained # position among
the gods of Olympus. (Gf Ares,
Demeter, Asclepius.)
Auépqs, os: Eptan commander.
B G22,
38 VOCABULARY TO THE
Spqfrre: nor. pass. partic. of Béy-
vype, overcome, subdue. 2 09.
Guorh (Byers): female slave, maiel,
Svowahlte; (shake), slay. S472,
Bole: nor. opt. of bBmpe, give, grant.
Sool, Soval, Bord, dual Govt: two.
Borla: sewn, appear. % 90.
Bohixes B= long, & 58d,
Bokixdenros: longshadomy, casting
Tong shindous, long. Epithet of the
lance. T'346, B15, Z 126.
Boho-parys (anjrts) > only vor, Bodo
ira, crafty. A G10,
Achowtun, -ovos: priest (dpymip) of
the Scamander, E77.
Bédoy (dolus): tiek, deceit. 1202.
Boho-gpowovrs, partic, (piv): de-
vising « trick, with crafty mind.
Bucy, Soyeven [Botva, § 44 f]
nor, inf. of B(Baps, give. A116,
A370.
Banos (Siw, domus)
houses
Birra: wor. partic, of Bibupa, give.
Bépv, en. Bopds, dal. Sovpl, dual
Botpe, pl. Soipara or Sota: tinber,
tboam, spear. Soe zyyos. It is
called bright, ¢aavév, because of
ite bronze point. A 303,
86s imy., Séoay (Goouy or Meonay’)
ind, Sére imy.: aor. of Buys,
give. A162, Z 476.
Bothy: female seve: equiv, to Suunj,
Bovhuov Hpap: doy of slavery, i,
slavery itself, $16 d.
Aovdtxvew: Dulichium, island in the
Tonian Sea, southeast of Ithaca,
inhabited by Bpfans, B 6:
Boudixidvde: fo Dulichium. BO29
dwelling,
Bouksxé-Bapos (Bohydn, eign} ): fong~
necked, of swans. B 460,
Borie, oor, Sovrqeer: cause u dull
noixe, Botrrypres meriiv: fell with
athud, & 504.
Boome: heacy noiee, Cf. dplySouar.
Bodpa, Sedpara, Soipe, Sovpée: forms
of Bépy, spear, timber. § 23d,
Soupi-cherds and Sovpi-ehvrds: re-
owned with the spear. BOIS,
Splinwr, -ovros (Bipwopas) i serpent,
smute, (Not dragon,” though this
wont is derived from it.)
Apiivos: a ‘Trojan, alain by Euryae
lus. Z20.
Apts, -avros: Dryas. (1) One of
the Lapithae, (2) Father
of the Thracian king Lycurgus,
Z 130.
Biuevas, Ova: nor. inf. of Bin, enter,
vet (of the wun). B415, 2 411.
Bévapar, subjy. Bivyae (Sing, § 44 KJ,
(Siva
fat, Burjooman, 08, 70
46, dynamite) : can, am able.
Bivw= put on. Cf. btw.
Bio and Siw (tw9): indecl. Heo,
Suoeaibeea [Baidemu}: indecl. twetne,
Sve~; inseparable particle indicating
misfortune and pain,
buer-a4, fos (En): Aarah-blowing.
Siem (with dd, put off), Stoero,
aor, of 8m: sank. FE 435,
BGve~nxtis, -tos (jyos) | horehsounding,
itsountling, horrisonus.
Bue-wdefe, nce. Buereia (xAdop): tne
gloriou. BAL.
Bue-pevtie, doc (év05): evileminded,
hostile; pl- enemies, % 453,
Ade-apus: unhappy Parin, hated
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD
Paris, A ‘doterminative com-
pound’; H, 690; G, 888,
Boorqvos: unhappy. L127.
Bve~xeluepos (xeijut, bsiemas): ovinteys
stormy. Epithet of — Dodéna.
B 750.
Sur-drypos (Groya): (ili-named ),
cured, Z 955.
bbw, fut. Som, nor. inf. Soow, aor.
mid. (2)8oero, nor. d%, port. BE
Boxer: enter, go into, put on; far.
and Ist aor, sot, trans, dm Stow,
put off: ply jOuow Bivae: before
the sun set. yuiay dirqv: (their
nouls) entered the earth. % 19,
Bbw: collateral form of Bio, 00.
Bvd-Bexw [Scidenn]; twelve. BOAT,
Sve-Blearos : tinelfth. A 493.
6: indecl. short form of Spa,
house, home. Of, Bias, Bépos,
Sabie: twelre ; of. BeoeniBenn.
SuBinaros J: twelfth, A 425,
AuSévq: Dodona, in Epirus, at the
foot of Mt, ‘Tomaros; seat of the
oldest oracle of the Greeks, where
ascetic priests interpreted the
rustlingof the sacred oak, B760,
11 233 ff,
Saén(ow) subjy., Géxa ind,
bumps, give, Z 527.
Bawa, -aroz (Bi, Sduos, Slaw): home,
howe, palace : room, esp. the large
hall of the men,
Adpr: town under Nestor’s rule,
B S04,
Bispor (B'Bayti) = gift.
Boor [5 § AL a], Shwew [Bary
§52e]: aor, subje. of BBupa, give.
A 129,
nor, of
39
1 (ga), enelitic 3d pers pron., aoo.:
him, her; seldom (A 26?) neuter,
It ia equiv. to Attic abrév, alr,
which is intensive in Homer.
%e [iy] (erat): war; $d cing, impf.
of epi am. 821.
%: contracted for dae (1) imv.; (2
impt, of tw, allow, A
tarde = plist, mupple, soft, enveloping.
le garment; but iu
LT 419 it seems to be used of
Helen's veil. Prob, made of linen,
as is indicated by the epithets.
fap, gen. &pos (Paap, Ver): spring.
dapiés, vernal.
leew [doi]: Se pl pros. of di, arm
favos (fyrat) : Sd pl. pres. of Haas,
ido, 3d pl. pres. ind, ddioy impl. dz
or d, iterative impt. dacxoy or
farsov (3 54), fut, divome, aor.
Fiore: allow, permit, leave alone, give
free hand. otm kacree: forbade.
How [7Bqowr), MPhrny : vet ced? ear, of
Baives, go. A SOL
tyyevdtew [hyyeyimuow] : tive i
pert of dypiyrouas, arise in, ZAG
dyywadite, wor. inf. dyywAlgan (yuton’) =
gice into (our) hands, grant. A
Eyye-Bey, nilv.: (from near af hand ),
near, B72, 275,
Frye, dyyis, adv: near, with goni-
tive, 2 SLT.
tyelpm, wor, sjyape and Eyeipay mid,
aor. Zypero: rouse, wake. B 440,
dy-nibados (xedary): brain, F300,
40 YOCABULARY TO THE :
dyadlos, perl. dyeichsrar: lean on,
rest upon, £78,
fyrwr learned, recognized ; aor. of
yeyrbanw, know. A 199.
Fyprro: aor. of dyeipa, wake, BAL.
Ayxein (Eyxo8) + fance, spear, B30,
Eyxeol-pupos: spearwielding. B 692,
Ryxteados (xiMAw) © spearsbrandiah-
ing, Ch alyunris. B91.
Eyes, eos! lance, spear; generally
‘of ash wood, with a bronze point,
which was held in plaos by a ferule
(répxys). Tt hd also a pike of
metal at the butt (oavparsp), by
which the spear was fixed in the
ground (Z 218). Cf. éyxein, Bdpuy
uly.
dyxplewra, nor. pass, partie, az mid.
eyxpqupbdoa; draw near. BE 002,
446(7), gon. ducto, (Z)pct, or dpiber,
dnt. (Zoi, noe, (ud, Ist pers.
prom: h, § 42a.
ASaqv: (earned, came to know; ae, paws,
of Bibkicraw, teach, § 51 NB. £208,
Biparea nor, aot, BApq vor. paren,
%éyva impt.: of Bdywyys, overcome,
subiue, B 191, 901.
Bupav: aor. of Bipw, fay. A 469,
Buse: aor, of SelB, fear. The firet
syllable is long, since the verbstem
originally began with two conso-
nants (Gr). $00 h.
Bqris, Vor (Tw): eating, food.
Byevar: inf, of Bu, cut, A 15.
Wrordrger: impf. of brorurLe, slay.
Bes, «or (sees, seat): place for a
seat, sent, home, 8 B36,
Taper = aor. of rpiyw, run. E599,
Boy: seat, row of seat. BID,
$80, uv [Zvouy, § 44m}, ebérmv:
aor. of Bia, enter, put on % 1%
Wow: impf. of dive, put on.
Be, fut. Boum (edo, eat): eat. C/t
Bins
Bore: aor, of KBmp, give,
Aelxorw : 800 exo ttoenty,
Gamer, tame: S00 rey, said.
duodyaros, nor, partic, of Bw: taking
the form, with dat. of likeness,
Wibop DrBoyunt) : with, desire.
Upyater: impt. of épydle, neparate.
Uipya : pros. of ipyw, separate. dvrbg
dipyu: incloses, B17.
deppévas = port, of aipw, join, E89,
‘Topas, wor, elzre (Zoe) = nit; aor. seated.
Seer: nor, of ius, send, § 48 cd,
qv or kev [Fp]: immpt. of eps, am,
fos: gen. of dts, valiant, A 393.
Hpi gon. fom, of de, hin, E STL.
nor [7]: 34 sing. subjv. of eipi, am.
Weer: rapt, of Pio, rum, A 483,
Wade, gubjy. érayu, BAnoba
(8 44 0), impf. H6cdov or Wedov:
wish, am willing, py ede
(moll): do not desire, do not try.
ofc Waer (equiv. to dixwr):
against his will, B247,
Ww [ob], gen. of 8d pers prow.:
of him, of her. §§ 33 ¢, 42 a,
Werro, Werav, Wyeay: aor. of re
Ons acl, place, B760.
Wro, cor: nation, tribe, Aost, flock
(of birds), oarm (of bees).
Mu, perf. an pros dalle: am accuse
tome, am wont. ¥ 766.
«at, conditional particle :
whether (in indir, questions), Ip
often introduces a wish,
HIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD 41
[In & & By, el scems to be an intor-
jection, come!
ef movor at rds with subjy. or opt.
freq, oan bo rondered by on the
chance that, in the hope that.
dapevh : lowe land. 483,
dlapivds (Zap, Yorn us) 3: af the spring-
time, spring, vernal, B 80, 471.
tts, iterative daenov: impf. of dé,
permit, E819.
dara (§ 44 1): Bd pl. of fps, sit
aro [jyro] : impf. of jum. F149,
8 Gye: Dut up, come! ZrO.
ap, aros (Tw): food. E 880.
Mine he Gpaed [doeotax} fut.
inf.: of ofa, know.
{do}, Bran, aor, Soars; aor. pare
tic. ( appear, appear
like, take the form of. B22.
Bopew [atbdyer, § 40]: mubjv. at
la, know, A 303,
«iSov or Gov (acr, ind.), aor, subjy.
fByre, iterative aor. Weoxe, nor.
ind. mid. ddovro, aor. aubjv.
Beopas (p18, video): saw, nee. Cf
Spi,
Bon, 20s (155) + appearance. B 58.
bwhov (gb, idol) : shape, phantom.
sth, tBnin 1 partio. of ofBa, know.
ley [ebgerav], atqy = opt af «iyi, am.
Bap, adv. ; atraightiony. Cf. ise
t= seould that, O that! introduces
6 wish.
duados (dniv) like, resembling.
wxors (cuxen, vigintl), Indecl, :
twenty, B 510,
Ucrqy (§ 49 ¢) pipf. ax impl., devin
(G49 g) fem. partic. : of dua, am
ike, resemble.
dln (fear Germ. weicken, weaken) t
yield, draw back. A S09.
Edrwr: Boootian town, 2499.
«iw: restrain, keep back, S00 Co
eirprovda [2djduéa}: perl. of Fpyor
pms, come, A202, 2 254,
ing footed. Spither of wattle, in
contrast with depadmodes Exrou.
ov: nor. of alpie, take, seize.
«Dow, perf. partic, dAtpévor (pads
volvo); wrap. B 180,
Om, aor. inf. Dawe nor, pase, inf.
ddsjuevar (eeu): crowd together.
dpa, saros (par Evy, vestin):
garment, robe, E905,
tlulv [Zopév] ; Int pl. of eld, am.
cae perf, partic, of trum,
st pf: inet, unless. B 150.
atpl, 2d sing. éoroe, Sd sing. dori(v),
Ist pl. dud, 2d pl. doré Bd pl.
daily) or doy), Ist sing. subjy.
Zo, 3d sing. subjy. Eyer, opt, yy,
8d pl. opt, dev, 3d sing. imy. foro,
2d pl. imy. fers, 34 ph imv, Zorwy,
inf, daw or du(u)e(a), partic.
diy, lofea, dy, Lat sing. impf,
Se or i, 2d sing. impt, FoOs, Sd
sing. impt. yy fe, doy or dp, Bd
dualimpt. jorqy, $d pl. impf. hour
or ouy, iterative impf, toxe(v),
fut. Zo(o)oas, Se sing. fat. do(o)e-
ra, dowdru, or deer (sum, e280,
am, i2): am, exist, live, ob Siw
Gv: he did not Liew tong, xa tooo
pévoure: even for men about to be,
for future generations, — Tho ¢ of
42 VOCABULARY TO THE
the root is preserved in most
forms.
dys, Sd sing. dle, subjy. Topey, imv.
Wy ink, nev or teva, partie. tay,
toto, tiv, Hd ing. kmpt. jue or
Te(v) (ja), dual impf. try, 84 pl.
impf. four, aor. duure (co): gv,
depart, come. (‘Ch connection
decides whence and whither the
action prooveds.) ‘Tho pros. ind,
is freq, sed as fat. (as regularly
in Attic), while the impf. ind.
and the othor moods arwused as
aorists,
dv: for é, in, § 55d. BT78%,
tvaripes, pil.: hnushanct"s brothers" wiees,
tlvaros (@vaa) : ninth. B 205.
civora : #20 vee, on account of:
tlvort<pudros (Zvocrs, dBi, iAAov) +
leaf-thaking, leafy. B63:
do [ob}, gen. of 3d pers prom. : him
wif §42a, A400.
log, dug [tog]: while, until, (Kor is
prob, the better form.) T' 201,
& mp if really, if indeed. A 81.
Mimero: Impf. of rojuu, follow.
theory or fuwoy and etwas (aor. ind.),
8d sing. subjv. dmy(ow), partic.
thrdy, drotoa, iterative aor. eirea
key (gémos): said, told, spoke. dis
dixeiy: thus speaking, with these
mond, Cf: dquk cpu.
wore: (fever, a wore axoinro: if
ever they would stop, BIT.
wow mus: if perchance, in the
hope that, T 400, & 88,
Elpispa: Eretria, in Bubooa,
alphyn: peace, de’ dogvys
of peace. BTIT.
B537,
in time
aipvor: wool. T A885,
elpo-xdues : wookeander. L387,
atpopen, subjy. dpelopen (priate),
impf. épéovro: ask, inquire about,
Ch dpw. A 62,
dipoerbeos : moally-fleeced, reoolly.
diptaras pres. mid., dpvroacBae aor.
mid: of dpvoum, guar. A 230.
dpbaras: pert. paas, of dpbex crue ip,
[Hlpw], fut. épéw, port, pass. efograr
(ce, verbum, word): suy, fell,
announce. Cf. dnul, deov.
pa, peri. ss. partic. deppudvas
(sero): unite well, E 8.
dls, &, adv. and prop, with ape.
into, to, until. Te sometimes ix
followed by o gen., which has
boon explained by an ollipals, «.
de "AOqains = to Athena’s vernple 5
ae yadsur : fo the homes of her hur
band’s sisters. Z378%. Tt rarely
follows ita noun.
dd, jin, , yon. dvds, putts, évde* one,
Of tos.
dea: sated, aor. of Hoyas sits
AGL
Weorro, aor. of tba: seemed, B26.
dlo-ave-Palve, aot. douviPqray: 90
up into, ZL.
deere, nor. of dibu took the farm oft
sieoro
eagerly.
Mloipxonas, fut, éreletroyal, aor
denjdvOoy or daqAbov, nor. imy.
dre: come in, enter, 2364.
Morera: frit of offa, know. A S48.
Yon (casos): equal, well-balanced,
shapely (of ships); faire (of a
feast where euch has a portlou
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD 43
suited to his rank), wavrde” dary:
equat on every side, prob. symmet-
rival, welldalanced, of a shield
(deric). A 468.
dlo-fABov oF elaridv0ov: aor, of elerdp-
xopas, come in. B 321, 798,
Hew (cepurno, fue): think (him)
ike, T'107, E181.
ale B me(v)= until’ (For aig rotro fy
Gre) 1409,
de-aphun, pres. partie, doopéur, fat,
dadponee : look at, look on.
dew (ds), adv.: within, into, Froq.
with a preceding acc. (+Hmit of
motion"), as" LAwv dow ; to Troy 5
barioy daw; in to the bone ; “Aior
dow (se. Spor): ino the home of
Haiter,
en, me: whether, oF.
dxov: impf, of yu, have, hold.
4a, dex: pros. ind. of dw, allows
ute: pert. of Mw, am wont,
shws [éwe] > for dlos, wntif, I 201.
dc, iE (before vowels), adv. and
prep. with gen.: out, forth, from.
de roio from that time. & ob:
wince, UbidyPer de Aude: ceceivedl
the love of Zews, were loved by
Zeus. Ub fivmryos: (bound) from
the vim, Le to the rim. Ta com-
position éx denotes xeparation oF
completion (utterty).
“Exbfiq : Hecuba, wife of King Priam
of Troy. #251 ff
dxiapyos (pends, gépyov): Sarsoorker
(or defender), Epithet of Apollo,
A 478, E 439. CA depBdros,
dxarypieAérys, tnarnfiidos, Leoxros,
Kea-ter (beds): from afar, afar.
dcadioware: aor, of muds call,
Ueapov: aur. of aaiure, become weary.
inde (cea), adv.« fir; with genitive,
Gearroe 3 (fee): each. Tt is freq.
added in apposition with the sub-
ject of the principal verb, —in the
sing. when “the individual is to
be made prominent, in the pl.
when separate divisions or squads
areinmind, CFP 1.
iecdrepOer, adv. with gen.: on either
side. T 840.
deary-fedérys, ao (A 75) and deary-
Bédoe (peedis, AddAw)! firr-darier,
Sarshooter, Eyithet of Apollo as
(the sun god) the god af the
bow, Cf dxdepyor, dem/BAor.
deardy-xepos (ela): Aundreebarmeid,
Kpithet of Briareos, A 402,
dcordpfy (Bois): heeatomh; strictly
@ sacrifice of a hundred cattle, but
the poet is nob exact as to num-
Dor oF class of the victims, hence
sacrifice, (A sheentomb* of
twelve heifers is mentloned in
293, and one of rama in A 102.)
dxaréu-fovos (Bois): worth a hundred
cattle, BAM9, 236,
dearéperodue: having a hundred cities,
Aundred-citied, of Crete, B 619.
iearéy (contum): indocl. one
hundred.
txares (cents): short form of due
rnficrérgs, fardarter. A 380.
dx-Palrw: go forth, come forth.
kx POIu, sor. ixBake: covt ont, row
out. E39.
teylyropes, aor. Ufeydorre, perf.
inf. deyeyduen, perf. partis. fem,
44 VOCABULARY TO THE
dnyeyauin [Leyeyornta, § 49 + are
born from, pert. am sprung from.
ewyovos: descendant, op'spring.
etydos (SpAov): conapicuous, EB 2.
de-5tBoys, sor. imv. Exbore: give up.
1459.
deSbo: put off; dof. T14.
axiBacwe: nor. af (o)xebivvyps,
shatter, E88,
Acdeaero: ppt. of kainpor, eee!.
dxtedero: aor. of néAouat, call, order.
dntehero: pipt. of wAéwo, lean, rest.
eqn (§ 48 A): nor. of eal, burn.
dxnBodin (rocks, Addo): dintane
hooting, ive. skill in archery.
dan-Podos: fir-shooter, See dedepyos.
rdos (per): quiet, peaceful, uniis-
turbed, at ease, B80.
de-callalpe: clean oul, B 153.
deccat-ophe, aor. partic. dearibiv:
look (out) down from. & 508.
fix-can-Bend-Bupos : sixteen handbreadthe
in length. 109,
de-carbby: aor. of exnubopie.
desdbere, nor. dédaper* steal away.
te-avhivbo, aor, pass. dexvdivby (oyl=
inier): roll out. % 42.
dehavidww, aor, srans, dxAdAnBov,
mid. é&AcdadarBaa: mid. forget;
trans. nor. cawed to forget
B 600.
Teaver: impf. of eva, hear, give ear.
dcputéu, aor. partic, dpufijour:
aqueese or suck ow (poisoned
blood or extmneous matter).
A218.
de-voorias, aor. partic. dvoonjourre
{véoros): return from. B 1ST.
deohya: impt. of wadyda, brawl.
dcdpiowe: aor. of xoplte, corry off
Sewaydon: terrible. Suporl, demayhd-
ruros. Adv. Jedyhus or ferayha
terribly, mightily, furioualy, A146,
teoraupierora : (shine forth), am promi
nent, E 803,
de-miphe, fut. demiprovor, aor, subjy.
deriprom, nor. dexpébowey : sack
uiterly, destroy, ti woNuv eempa-
Dopay: what we sacked out of the
cities, ive. took from the cities, A125.
deemberre, wor, Zemere: fall from.
Ce ia (plu): dininguished.
dxpalaswe : impf, of xpauaives, fulfill,
dn-radw, aor, derdmaey : sare, renetce
forth = pass. rush forth,
dnowie, aor, Mérmame: drew forth.
fern, devave: nor. of ered, Kill,
dxrduvw, aor. Ufdrapor: cut out, ewt,
eww out. A 480.
de-ridles (00%): accomplish, perform,
B 236,
“Burépios = of Hector, Heotor's.
“Exropltys: son of Hector. ZA.
eros (2): sixth. B 407.
doers (de), adv. ouside. & 151.
“Exrep, -opor (of. the English verb
to hector): Hector, the mightiest
and dearest-beloved of Priam’s
fifty sons. 2409 ff, In % ip
an account of an affectionate
meoting of Hector and his wife
Andromache ; in H, Hector fights
in single combat with Telamo-
nian Ajax; ho breaks his way
through the gates of the Greek
oamp (M446 4.) ; he is grievously
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD
wounded by Ajax (E 402 ff.), but
Apollo restores his strength, and
horeturnsto the conflict (O246ff.),
and advances to the very ships
of Uo Achaeans (II 414 ff.); ho
vlays Patroclus, the friend of
Achilles (11 818 ff.) ; he is himself
slain by Achilles (X 330). ‘The
Twenty-fourth Book of the Iliad
tells tho story of Priam’s visit
to the Achaean camp to ransom
Hector’s body, ‘The last verse
of the Iliad is Gg of 7 ducierov
tagboy “Exropos bxrobiyow, He
{a called foes, with waving
plume, Boiy Ayabés, good at the
war ery, ealiant, peydBpos, great
hearted, ¢aibipor, gloriour, dvbpo-
hévos, mareslaying,
davis (gee) BooeT):
father. T 172.
Teushand'e
forth > pass. oppeor.
tneddpe : curry forth, bear out of:
dngebyo, aor. Zepuyer cvonpe.
texte: pour out. T 20.
indy, -Gwros (¢ex)= willing, of (his)
own will, at pleaue, T 66.
dav [Adv]: pros. Inf. of Adu,
drive. E366,
Daf: aor. of AopBiivu, take, refe,
Défero: Impl. of AdLouar take.
ie oil. BI54.
E 560,
Day: pine tree.
Dartp, por (thie): driver. A145.
"Edaros: Trojan ally, alain by Aga-
memnon, % 83,
Patew or Ade, pres, inf. dddav [2day,
45
§AT oc}, aor. Zkaa(a)e(v) or Hare,
iterative nor. &ddowoner, plpf. Haye
Aaro or ¢d¥Auro: drive, strike.
xodgby daive; carry on @ brawl.
Abi,
Dador: deer, T 24.
adpos 3: light. E122,
Sopa (wil): desire, lony for. E481,
Malo (Zhevs); pily. B27.
Devas, dos: shameful. S242,
Akyxuerros: disgraced. B 255.
Deyxor, cos: shane, pl. (shameful
thinge), caitiffe. B 285.
areuvds (Cdeog) + piliuble, B 3L4.
alo, aor, Edéyore (Eeos) « pity, take
pity. L484.
aki, aor. CAMAdO, aor. pase
EXAGyar or Edy Ser: (turn),
ack shake; mid. coil; pms. turn
about, rally. A 530, B 916, 2100,
Du(v) [efAe]: nor, af aipéw, take, slay
“Edi: Helen, daughter of Zeus,
fof Castor and Polydences,
wife of Menelaus, mother of Her-
mione, Fained for her beauty.
Carried off by Paris, son of Priam,
to Troy, and thus the occasion of
the ‘Trojan War. After the cap
ture of Iios she returned to
Sparta with Menclaus, T1921 ff.,
% 828 ff., 6 121 ft.
“Boos: Helenus, (1)S0n of Priam; a
mer, Z76, (2) A Greek. ETT.
Dedtperres (Lhos, tpdibw): murahe
nourished, grown on moist mendora,
B76.
Dust, Mrqy: aor. of alpéu, tate.
Daiiepor (liber): free, eertepow
fump (3 18 d): day of freedom,
freedom. —xpyrip heibepos: bowt
of freatom, ie. in celebration of
freedom. Z 455, 528.
Dicbropan: Lut. of Zpxouar come.
pes, -ayros: ivory. A M41. The
elephant himself ia not men-
tioned by Homier,
"Exadtvep,-opos: leader of Abantes.
B 40, A 163.
Daper: or. of Aeros, strip off: A 23
"Eddy, Gros: Boeotian town, B500.
Drove: pipf. of Edavw, drive.
DGi fmv., Dbdy or AM uev(ar) inf,
pes subjy, Dor opt, Assy
partic. aor, of Epyojan, come,
470, 27.
'Phuctuv, -vos: Heliciion, son of
Antunor, and son-in-law of Prism,
TP 128,
“HAtey! principal town in the dis.
trict on the north coast of Pelo-
ponnesus, Poseidon recoived spo-
cinl honor thers. B 676,
Daxdong -os, aud kewl, -wiros
(f2ug, Gy): quinbeyed, Uright-
eyed, N08, 389, T 190,
Davor: dor. of Actas leave. E480.
Bioow (pub) curl. A S17.
eictmewdos: with trailing robe.
Epithet of ‘Trojan matrons.
Dendnds (Trew): deagying, seizure.
‘Doews, cos (Sous): wound, avre,
Drew: draw, drag. A 194.
Drape [EAafe, § 30 6]: wor. of Amp
Privo, fake. B83.
"Batis, -dios: Hellas, the country
under the ruje of Peleus, in
Thessaly. B 683, ‘Thenee the
name was extended to all Greece.
VOCABULARY TO THE
“EXdqvs: Hellenes, the inhabitants
of Hellas, which did not yet
include all Greece. B 684.
"Ehe-worres: (sec of Helle), the
Hellespont. BS45, The Homerie
uss includes the neighboring
waters.
Ddeoero: impt.of Aimeopa. § 30d.
Brot, roy [eldov], Ddves, Morro
[dAovro]: aor. of alpéw, take,
seize, slay. B29, 899.
“Edos, cos! Helos. (1) Lacedaemo-
nian town, BOS! Of Helot,
(2) Town near Elis. B 504,
foe, «og (fA)? marsh, meadow.
Drropar (fm, voluptas, will):
hope. TL
Pea: sor, inf. of rw, crowd tow
gether, A 409,
Dp anid Déprov (eax, draiv): booly,
prey. AA, E488,
ip-Baive, porf. partic, <uBeBairra,
plpf. €uBeBacav: come into, em
dark; perf. sland in, E199,
dp-BdXe, nor. duBare: thro in, put
into, T1530, & 44,
dp-Rarretu: rule among. BST,
dud ace tpitey, uate gen.: of dys, I.
Hueivag: nor, of dren await, 2126,
of pullryo, mix.
ial. of aluk am,
dyad [eyo]: gon. of dys, T $49 a
Antyyy, Huber [euixOyoww], and
fubxq: aor. pass, of pleryw, unites
00, 446, B 134.
Supomivs, adv.: quickly, at once.
Appapads, rie © eager, impetuously.
Hwerex [dua]: inf. of epi, am,
$306
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD
Tnpopa: perf. of elpoyian, receive ax
‘my portion, § 43h. A2TB.
ipvaowre [duspvjonovro]: impf. of
pudopar, am mindful. B 686.
ipés 3: my. Strongthonod by the
gen. of ards in dudv abrai «réos,
since dudv is equiv. to &uod,
ip-rdewe, impl. dvéraree: (sprinkle
in), weave in T1260.
Ipowedev, adv.: inmnovable. E527,
fuemeboe : firm, unshaken. % 352.
fyemere: aor. of Guiry fill ine
in pite of all, nevertheless,
Syws, which is found but
onee in Homer, A 502.
Gerkqy, looal adv.: next, B56,
Indu, perf. partio. fameduvia: grow
into pert. cling clanely fo. A513.
fy, dy, or dvi ade, and prep.:
thersin, among, obpury ev nopudis:
on thé mountain tummils. évdgpBar-
potow SparGar: xe before (my)
eget warp &y yepok zie: pu in
fier father’s arma. ty with the dat.
is freq, used with verbs of motion,
because of the state of rest that
follows the motion; as adrmeroy
by Agjurp: I fell down on Lemno.
éy sometimes seems to be can-
strued with a gon,,and an ellipsis
has been assumed, ax dv dgvaod
surpés (se. Bayar): in the house
sof my wealthy father. Cf ese
fea: noo, mase. of ale, one, B 292.
dvatpw, nor. dvjparo (Zrupa): slay.
Cf dvapihen
dvaleyoy, adv: at slating fine.
aT
ivateyios (alo): farorulie, rea
sonable; the contrary of mapafou.
tadtynioe! like, resembling. E 5.
dv-avrioy, udv.: against, fo ment.
Av-avrios 3: upporile, fo meet. % 106,
fvapa, pl. = spoils, armor taken froma
wslain foe. Z 480.
dwapthe (Cvapa) : strip uf (his) armor,
slay, since this precedes the spolle
ing E151. ©f draipw,
Avcapiduios (dpiOpde)> counted, of ae-
count, B202.
wares (évvéa): ninth, BSI.
fvbecs, indecl.: elecen, BT13,
brbock-enxvt, -ui eleven cubits tong,
ty-bigsa, adv. srom left 10 right.
Je-Bla, aor, dviByoe: bind in, entangle.
TrBo.lev, ivb0-84, Evbov (dv Siw), adv:
within, at home, A243, 2947, 374,
fy-B6ve and &-$ia, aor. partic,
Sioa: (slip into), put ou. E736,
iveeras: aor. of vartw, upbraid,
rebuke. T 59,
tvatew [evéyew): aor. subjy. of dépar.
frogs, Int pl. Evequer, opt. eveiyy
impf, évjev and dverav (ipl), am
i Eav7.
Frees, Twn, or dives (dxiiv), prop.
with gen.: on aceount of for the
make of, because of. A 04, P67.
dverjcovra, indecl,: ninety, B 602,
tetrarver: irpf. of dumdrows
Iedprepor: lower, beneath. StS,
rarer: impt. of Erayit, arm withine
“Everot, ple: Venoti,in Paphlagonia,
B 852.
Sete: impf. of ves, am within,
ivipare: aor. af dmaipa, lay. E43,
fda: there, here, where, then. Erba
48
wat tbat in this direetion and tm
tat, B 462, E228,
Wtd-be: thither, thers. A 307,
Wvbev: thence, from that source.
fro [evidov]: aor. of évriPqu..
iviz woe dy, in. ‘The accent is drawn
buck upon the first syllable when
tho prep. fallowa ita noun. § 55.
del: dat, of as, one,
inavrés; your, anniversary. Cf.
ros. BISA.
“Enfes: a Thessalian tribe, B 719.
Evted (Cvarrea): rebulse, blame.
fvtwres, nor. irae (§ 43 f): rebuke,
reproach, B 245, P4297.
Twerne: nor, of dvvérw, fell, say.
“Evierq: Arcailian town, B 606,
inéa (novem, mine), fndecl,
ivwei-fovor (Bote): worth wi
drwekexios: wine thousand.
devtmsy not. Inowe (évom}, inseco) !
tell, ray.
ivveertn, (Gvinps): suggestion, aiteiva,
ivvotuap, adv. for nine days
“Evvopos: a Mysin seer. B 858,
ovis, aor. daoe, perf. partic. pass.
diva, plpt. loco (gov, Fer,
vantis): clothe, puf on. va elpé-
wot clivd in which. Aeavw derera xr
Toowa: pul on @ stone tunic, ie. be
stoned. 87.
dvoqee: nor. of vole, pereeioe.
vows (fvyderes) |
dedprope, aor, act, éidpeey, aor. mid.
repro: arouse among; mid, arise
among. A S00, Z 499.
drerphpopas: turn within, B B06.
fyma, dat. fyreoy pl: weapons,
armor, 389.
VOCABULARY To THE
dvereinw, port. mid, dyrérarast stretch
within, string. E728.
dvorldqpy, dor, Fer: place in, set in,
frre; aor. mid, of Fyn send, cas,
dvrés, trrogte(y) (ev), adv: within
with gonitiv, A 492. Of
dards.
‘év-rpowahopes: turn around often.
ivria: make realy, (Cf. ivrat)
"Byoddws ("Evvd); Enyulius, strictly
un epithet of Ares, god of war;
but used as his name, esp. in the
voriecloe EyvaXig dripping,
where g and 4 are pronounced
together, by ‘aynizesis? (§ 25).
B O51.
dvenmoy, adv.: in (my) sleep, B60,
"Evas: Enyo, Bellona, goddess of
war, companion of Ars, 1 333,
P28.
2 openly. E874,
aor, of dvdprym,
inid. arise in. A 599,
ig: see de, ont oft
& (Fé, sex, six), imdecl: ste
ifayyOde, aor. eipyyader: bring
nies out, teil a secret. ¥1 990.
Hedy, aor. dijyaye: lead forth,
“Bide: Exadive, 9 Lapith,
A204.
ifabOu: take away;
accusatives, E166,
ik-alperos (alpiw): selected. B 297,
Ug-auple, aor. dfeero or dgidero: take
out oft take from. B90,
Geriopes, nor. opt. éfaxéram
(deor): cure, appease. 2 30.
with two
PIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE MAAD
Heohomitw, aor. faddrafe: sack,
utterly destroy. E642,
W-GXdowat: fap forth. E 142.
Ag-omlyms [ehadspuys], aly, + suddenly.
Mtno-blopas: drive away out of.
EB 763,
if-aw-éXA0ys, aor, opt. efurodoiaro:
mid. perish uterly feo. % 60.
itapwite, nor. éLipwage: snatch
away. 1 880,
Udpxe: Legin, propose first. B23.
Have (airy): speak out. A 363.
ifa0me: again, anew, A223,T 483.
eins [Elis]: in order, one after the
other, A 448, Z941.
Ugadero: aor. of dfupiw, take out oft
Rap, inf, efGywera (elt): am
sprung from, am the son of.
2 100.
ifsinewa: sor. of Eavito, receive ax
guest, L207.
elpoua: question, ask, E750.
[ég-ipue}, fut, Efqpdn : speak out, speak
plainly. i
away.
SaeNletagi abr, pass.-of deodbte,
roll out, throw out. % 42.
itwddo, nor. EAuve: drive out of,
drive away. ¥ 26, 324,
ie-Dvero= aor, of dfmpica, (ake awcry.
Huw: draw owt. S214,
Aifpev [Har]: fut. inf. of Fya, hold,
keep, protect defend. BAT,
Sf-ipparas = inf. of eps, am the 2on of.
Hevaplie, aor. devipiie(y) (Sapa) :
despoil, strip of armor, slay, Z 20.
erphoper : aor. of deriphe, sack,
dEapiee: fute of efeipa, speak out.
Wapia, aor, efipuere: drm out,
Here; aor, of dm, hew, cut. B81.
idewawe: aor. of Caoméw, deme forth.
dae ity: rushed forth; wor, pass. ax
mid. of éxceiw, EB 208,
ifdrapov: aor, of Ceripvin, cut out,
few. A 460, B 423,
‘ehadvly: appeared; aor. pam, of
eedaive, she fivth. 408,
denylopan : Lead forth, B06.
if-fyorra (Z), indleol, : stery.
dApmats: nor. of eapmdgw, snatch
arey. T 380,
deioxer: impf. of Rdpya, begin,
E270.
doixopen: am gone. % 870.
iLoropaive, aor, subjy. efoveuayys
call by name, nme. T 106,
deSmde: behind, in the rear, & 298.
Hoe (ew): prominent, preemie
nent, chief, taxa, adlv.s chiefly.
if-ew-ay-loerqpt, aor. Efvravarry : rose
(dvier), out of the back (28),
twwdler (bd) the blow. B 267,
fo [ob]: gen, of 8 pers, prom, Aime
sctf, herself, him, her. § 42 a.
B 239,
Yours, Sonn. partic. Conia (§ 49 9),
pipf. égcan, pipf. dual der
(géfourn, pur), pert. as pres. am
like, resemble; impers. it is fiting,
suitable. A 47, 106, 119.
iévees: partic. of dal am. A 200,
fopys : perf, of ZpBu, do, work. TP O7s
a
dé (oh, suns, hi) 8, possossive
pron.: own, his own, her own, hie,
here $420,
dmaycipe: collect. A126,
dreauyit: dash upon. BAB,
dwowe, aor. partic. dravjouyres
(ahor)= praixe, commend, B35.
dwatoow, aor, inf. émilfac: rush
upon, hasten to. B 146, T 369,
de-alrvos: blameworthy, to blame.
dr-onodw, Mor. drdxoveur: hear.
de-opelfopas, aor, subjy. Erapeipopey :
act exchange; mid. change. vig
drayuiferar dvipas: victory comes
now {0 one, now fo another.
dwaptow, aor. imy. Ceduivor: bring
aid t0, protect, defend, E085.
tearlormoy 2d aor. érurésrpou:
aor. rote thereupon. B85.
drarude, nor. crprihgre: threaten,
te-opein, aor. <mjpxere: (arail),
ward of; with ace, und dat. of
inforest. B S73.
iwdipxw, aor. partic. emupfdjevoe :
begin. viipapray Sxaphdpaver, euivs
to jpfavro Emuduoyres : began die
wibuting, A ATL.
dbmwotrepos (émé dvd, creiw) 8: in
close succession, one soon after the
other.
dreupiene, fut. inf. ravpyrerba,
aor. subjy. dravpuvra: enjoy, reap
the fruits of. Freq. ironical,
drdyvau yew: aor, of dmeyudprr,
bend, bring over. B tt, 31, 68.
dn-dbpapa:: nor. of éxerpéyw, Pun upon.
dederan(r) (drew, § 30 6}: dat, ph
of érog, word.
dvedtqne: aor. of dria, place upon.
VOCABULARY TO THE
éwet, temporal and causal conj.: then,
since, for. It gynerally stands at
the head of ita elauso, but some-
times follows one or tnore words,
as Z ATA
kmetywo: Aurry, urge; mid. hasten, in
Gn: since in truth ;
fraps, opt. dnety, ianph. exfjer (elu) :
‘am upon, am over.
Tras, 3d sing, Gear, partic, éme
Gvra (dat): come ons pre ind.
shall come on. B 288.
"Brnot: Epcans, ently inhabitants
of northern Elis. B 619.
Frapav: aor. of weipo, pierce, spit.
imapire impf., tmaphoavre aor: of
mapdopas, try, attempt.
freew: Od sing. af Grays come ons
frare, adv.: then, after that, next,
hereafter. Freq. in apodosis, give
ing it independence and promi-
nenee.
tead0dv: aor, partic, of dripyopay
come on, A334.
dwepivaro: aor. of tryinivoyay rare
for, desire madly. % 160.
de-dpufav: aor. of deyniter, mutter over,
420.
dm-ev-fvel, $d xing. of an old perf,
a (pres. or) impf.: grew on it.
dwedowe, impers.: it de fitting.
dn-emsidero: impf. of érereiBopat, obey,
yi obedience.
dmimducr [éreroiBayuer, § 49 o]t
trusted; ppt. of reli, permuaite.
iwtwhqyov: aor. of mAjouw, strikes
$4de.
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD 51
—— aor, dripare: (reat upon),
push.
Amipnew: or, of xepdos, pass through,
é 2 aor, of i
roll down at (the nod). A 529.
dieipxopas, aor, partic, dreAddrs
come on, advance, attack.
tmee-fédow (Eros, Aidhw): (wond-
bandying), babbling, blatant,
free: aor of irri, fall,
drrederovpas = rusk upon, am eager; pork,
of dmwerein, urge upon.
deverevdxovre: iiupf. of éeurrendye,
groan at. AVS.
+ aor. of dmurrdepao,
crown. A 470,
de-fradas: aor. of deir@Aw, enjoin.
deeevpqpdee, 208. drevepnjpnoay : (speak
well of), approve, Cf. Eraviw,
devdnipipray bs equiv, to beéXevoray
dreubyuoivees, bale with pious
reverence. A 22,
dncixopes, nor, partic, éreugdueoe:
pray, boast over, exult,
frepvov, inf. meprijuav (ivos, bor),
aor.: slew, wégarra in perf,
passive. ,
imebpioaro: sor. of bruppatoyas,
noted, think of.
ta-Aev: impf. of Seay, om mpon.
tiv: dnt dy hen, with sub:
jonetive.
dwajvov: inpt. of émcréo, commend,
approve.
Feenfe: aor. of amifyvepa, build,
deqniOars: sor. cf travalén,
tereaten, A 819.
dretpeure: aor, of drapeia, word aff.
dm, adv. and prop: spon, on, fo,
over, of, against, after; with dat,
aos, and genitive.
(1) Ady. drt xvédas AGE: dark»
ness came on; emi olvow apPer
poured 1 libation of wise over (the
eflering) | drt midov Trove: taid
upon him his command.
(2) With dat. yap! det aapmg:
arm ot the wrist jd abtG yédaccay |
Laughed (over) at him; xt yore:
upon the earth, upon the ground ; mt
mipyy: on the tower; Gri wikgow +
dy (at) the gute ; 685 &x: on the rowl,
dy the wayside ; Barty Er: on the
banks of Me Xanuhus; &t yquriy:
‘at (near) the ships; woysie te? Séca~
ow; shepherd keeping wateh over
dis sheen ; Ocivas xi yorvaw : place
upon the kwees ; bx? @AyAourae lie
‘res: guing upon (against) each ather;
fue 3 be Apyelourt + sent againat
the Argives ; FAGe 8 dnt Kprjreaw.:
came to the Cresans.
(3) With noc, dnt Gena: fo the
ground ; ReewNir6y dri corsa: sous
throren (rolled) out ypon Ms face j
ep ext tions Zyeway: poured water
over the hans; ti Buystw d-yaw: beard
ing (o the altar; 1 wipyov lotowr :
coming to the tower ; mmrye éet
vias: tead back (own) to the camp
(ahipe) ; det oniyas Fylopat? lead
into ranks, #0 os to form ranks; Pi
én” “ArpeiBgy : went te the ton of
Atrews ; éxi virra Gadderrys: coer
the back of the sea ; pelvar’ emt ypb-
vov: wait for a while.
(4) With goa. fe Spor: om the
shoulders; tei xorés:on the ground
saber’ tet Opévov: sat upon a
throne; vie én" iyreipow Epvoony:
drew the ship upon the shore ; em
adpjvys: in time of peace ; et mpo-
ripuv SvOpdmavt in the time of
Farmer generations.
Gri drawe ite accent back upon
the firstayllabla when it follows ite
noun, unless either some word in-
torvenes or the final vowel of the
preposition is elided. $56 c.
fe: oquiv. to drerrs, (ia thine.”
dmadxe: shout (dni, in the fight).
SreBalvw, aor. imy. ErPijoe, wor.
opt. dr Basp, nor. partic. émpag:
bo upon, mount,
mio: mid. Jay Aands upon,
strive for.
dm-fierww (airw): bring to (upon).
waxtiy dryBackduer: bring into
(evils) misfortune, B 234,
enePiiewo irs dnBnedperov partic.:
aor. of émfaive, mount. E46,
dm-fiptdw, wor, subjy. emiBploy: press
heavily, fall heavily, of rain.
Ameybyvoar : come on, come. % 148,
saveyrdprre, aor. ripapier: bend,
curb, win over to one's side.
dmeypddu, aor. dréypupe scrateh.
“EwiBavpos: Epidaurus, town in
Argulis on the Saronic Gulf,
B56).
dm-Béfia, nev. soc.:
toward the right. Cf. évBibu.
dere Baur, -é2 in weant, lacking.
deSeiopan : cam in wont, am inferior;
with genitive,
émBivle, Kor.
whirt. T378,
on the right,
swing,
emBlnjous:
VOCABULARY TO THE
drut, vk Sitting, suitable,
dmvaveris (dinw): yielding.
dmDrmopas: hope (for).
dmvivs, port. partic, pads, Grud
vos: clothe; pass. elad ins with
accusative.
dark-npa: wv0 Hpa.
tmfapetva : cheer, encourage,
dmeBevas aor, int, dmdyon fut: of
dxuriyus, lay upon, jut to
close).
EniWovro : obeyed ; nor. of aeiBu, per
suade.
ere leap upon, teap forward.
772.
Ent-nepos, fut. Sruxeloromas ? Lie “no
rest upon.
drvenido, fal, éruceiow: cover up,
conceal, hides with negative.
dmv-xiBvayas, tnid.: spread over.
devnovele, fut, emacupiew: help,
serve ax ally.
dmt-novpos: Aeiper, ally, Exp. in ph
of the allies of the Trojans,
dmvxparoive, aor. imy. teumpymvov:
fulfill, accomplish, grant.
dmdeirow = see before me, ase. E12,
dre-palvonas, aor. erysmrare: rave for,
desire madly,
Sm-patopar, Cut. dmyudrererac: (feel),
examine or probe a wound, siribe
Canoe pdorriy).
tm-pabde, aor. partic, trpabjous
(anile) : amile (a8).
dreplppopas: Alome; with gen. of
evry
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD 53
twelve, gor. imy. émjcwor: seail,
await.
txvepleryo: mingle. dab enyteryope
vow (sc. Tprduv): joined battle
again with the Achaeans,
gevpite, aor, ériungaw : mutter ale
dwsbrra: partic. of Emap, come on.
txtopnoy : false oath. T 279,
GremeiBonar: am obedient, vender
wbedinnce.
davemiropas, aor. inf. dromrérfaas
iy forward (upon), of an arrow.
fmerhio and émmdw, wor. partie,
Sromdious and émimAioe: anil over.
dmernie (viv): breaihe (blow)
upom
deverpe-iqus, aor. inf, tzurpoduey?
send forth against. S94.
dwvoradlopar: come up fo the ranke,
in onder to review them.
dmvppiae: slow over, B51,
det-ppotor = helper, only ax feminine,
devppbopan, aor. éxeppoourro: roll
down at (the not).
determy : aor. of depéra, meet.
deverorle! shake at, brandish at.
ieveceio, pipl ax nor, éréeervro,
perf. érérovra: mid. hasten ‘on,
cush upon.
dxteowrpov: tire of » wheel.
drierapan: an skilled, understands
deverevdxopet groan mennuohile.
A 154,
feverigy, nor, breorijurto + erown,
il (o the brim. AATO.
imverpigu, nor. partic. drurzpiyas:
turn about. T 870.
“Exiorpodos: (1) Phovian leader.
BOi7. (2) Slain by Achilles at
tho mek of Lyrnesus, B 602,
(@) Leader of Trojan allies, 8856.
txverdipwa (wrhupsv), pl: protections
ankle-guards.
dmeerOnysr, fut. deidyjere, aor, éwéBhyec,
aor. inf. émPdvas: place upon, set
upon, put t0 {ie close).
dxvrotégouar: bend the how at, shoot
at; with dat. P79,
perf, pass. pl. dmrerpiqaruc (dre
Tpappivor clair] \ commit, intrwal Lo.
dwerpixe, nor, dedBpape(y): run up,
run pon.
deverpoxdtqy (spew): trippingty,
Stuentty, T 213,
twepipo, fut, éroira: bear vpon,
xetpas drole: sbail tay hawts on.
devghtye: blaze upon, burn, consumes
der-ppafopas, aor. dreppiioaro, aor.
opt. dmpaurvaiiro: consider,
think,
dnvxQonoe (xfhiv) = upon the earth,
earthly, Epithet of men,—con-
trasted with éroypdmo. A 27
fede, fehere; tou art, is; aor. of
mrédw, move, become.
fehqrre: nor. of edge, approach,
meet. & 419,
dwcolen : Lay upon; fat, of deupipa,
bear upon.
de-olxopas, impf. Eegyero: go to,
64 VOCABULARY TO THE
attack, follow. Ipyov éwoiyeo Ba:
go th work. terrav emocxopdvyy =
going to and fro before the loom,
plying the tom, éxouxopén: Bus
ily, going to work.
Tropes, impf. erovro or Erovro, fut.
Hera, aor. derero (sequor):
follow, accompany, attend. Cf.
fru.
dw-oplyw, aor. emopeddueross reach
‘oul after (in attack), lunge at,
r-épv0p., aor. Imy. Eropoav: arouse
upon, vend aqainat.
twopotu, aor, drdpowre: hasten to,
rush upon (generally in hostile
wense), 1379.
feos, coe, dat. pl. Exe(e)ow or eeé
ewo(y) (génos, 5Y, VOX): word,
speech, Cf. pibos-
te-erptre, aor. subjr, drorpiryruv:
rouse, urge on, impel.
te-oupénios (oiparis) : of heaven,
heavenly, Epithet of the gods.
bend (sop tem, seven), indwol.: aeven.
terdemvdos (iy) : seven-yuted. Epi-
thet af Hoootian ‘Thebes. A 406.
dwitovro : nor. of muvéeivopet, learn.
frre: am busy with,
deqixero: imp. of enofyouay, attack:
Fpapan (pws) : love, am enamored.
ipararés 3 and dparés (Zpogua) :
lovely, charming.
ipyite, impf. dipyabey (repy)
separate, Cf. dpyo.
fever (Fépyor, work): work, later,
deed’, matter, thing; exp. of war,
coujict, dpya dvdpior:
men, tilled elds, hence Epye alone
farm, fields.
labors of
Apye or Upya (repy) : separate, keep
aff dvrig Upyar: Incloses, shuts tn.
ipba,*aor. subjv. fpgys, aor inv.
Fptov, pert. fapye (repy-) + ile, eurk,
freq. with two soos,
dnardpplast we were offering (heca-
tomibs) sacrifices. Ofc pikes.
ipsernts (pees) 3: dark, gloomy.
dpmivea (eipopai): atk, question, ine
quire, % 145,
Spaigw and iplde : excite, wen, tease.
ipsa, aor. dpdoaro, ppt. Hprpacro:
thrust, prem: aor, mid, lean, reat;
pipt. was thrust. 1858,
iptopav nor, subjr. of epowan, asks
ipsa, wor. sjpere or pure: tear
down ; nox. fall. & 462,
ipmrds (JocBor, toeBarvis) 4: gloamy,
Speta(v) = wrought; aor. of pikus, dos
fplovre: impf. of dpopas, question.
ipiropas: champ, munch, of horwes.
ipéens (épéirarw) : oarsnan, sailor,
ipenpde (rem UK oar) + oar,
“Fpwladtov, -wvos: an Arcadian
champion, slain by Nestor. 4310,
fplge, nor. ipefa: roof. ért tpepa:
roofed over, built, A 39,
"Epextets, jos: Ereehthews, an old
hero of Athens, of whose cult
Athena herself is made the
founder, in B S¢7. Under his
rule (according to Hat, viii, 44)
the people were first oalled Athe-
ninns. —djpoe "EpeyOjoe: land of
Erechtheus, ic. Attica.
pia: fut. of elu, any, tell.
dphnos (lermit) a: (eft alone, desertort,
donrie, aor. opt. dpyrivae, iterative
aor. pprtoaces, nor. pass. dpprie
FIRST SLX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD 56
dev CiprprOnauv): restrain, check,
control, keep in order.
dpe: strengthening prefix ; of: dpe.
anos: large-clodiedt, rich
woiled, A155,
iptybovres: loud-sounding, —heavy-
thuniering. Epithet of Zeus,
patna and épttw, aor. opt, dpi
ous, nor, partic. éplruvre (des) +
contend, strive, vie, am a match
Sor, Cf tpabigen,
dpinpos, pl. épinpes: firithful, trusty,
$37 4, Epithet. of aralpos.
dow dodtin és (BAA): luxuriant,
fresbugreen.
dpi-xbs, -é¢ (x88): glorious.
ipiveds : wild fig tree.
pum: fall;> aor. of dpetrw, tear
down,
“Epis, -cBos: Erie, goddess of strife,
a companion of Arws, S440.
pes, Bos: strife, contention, conflict,
dplearre partio., iplrwae opt.: aor.
of epikan contend, tle.
Speya, -aros-(epus): matter of strife,
cause of contention,
lol-ripes: highly, honored, auguet,
$400.
pees, cos? eilge, wail, ilefense. Zpxos
drdévrow: defense against darts, Sp
vox rohijow= bulwark of protection
against the war, %pmoy "A xuulay : Bul-
wark of the Achaeans. %pxor dbdu-
roy! wall of teeth, i.<. wall formed
by feeth. Of. + sputtering thro’ the
hedge of splinter'd teeth,’ 'Tenny-
son Last Tournament.
pa, <axos: prop, shore, support.
‘Those were used in order to keep
the ships upright when drawn
up on shore,
Yop dbuvduw: chain of pains, string
(ecries) of sufferings,
“Eppeitig or “Wppéts: Hermer, Mer
curius, son of Zeus, and messene
ger of the gods in matters of
peace, B 104, B90, Cy. Tia,
"Epp: town in Argolis, B 500.
pgarrs, Tpgne, tpgov: aor. of Zpbw, do,
work.
pos [Zoe] (erotic) + love, desire.
Applyyes: perf. eubje. of peyén, shuile
der, dread. Used as present,
“Bpvétrer, ple: Paphlagoninn town,
with two red cliffs (¢ou8pée, ruddy).
B 855.
“Kpstpas, pl.: Bovotian town, B 400.
dpinw, nor, Ipvéuy, tpbaane or dpb
rane: cheek, détain, hold, keep.
‘pupa, ats: prolection, defense.
Apiopar, elptopas Ipynan or «pyar
impf. ipiro, aor. dptouro wnd
fpwwoare, nor. inf. dptwvartx
(pepe): protec, prearree, sare,
defend, olwerve, ward off. See
docu.
Aporlmrokis: see froterodis.
dpiw, aor. dpvowe or tourer, perf.
dpvaras (pep-): dre, drag: mid.
Leep off, ave, dene, See dptoun.
Fpxopas, fut Acdoopas or ju, aor.
Faso or FAxBow, aor. sudjy. DByor,
nor. my. 2A, aor. inf. ADewer(at)
or é\Ody, port. «iAjAovla: come,
gn. ‘The direetion of the motion
is made diatinot by tae connection,
56 VOCABULARY TO THE
Apwte, fut. dperjoa (Gorm, Rube t):
flow, draw back. yybé dpi:
decane not backs ely not rest.
dui: force, throng.
ds: see ds, into,
fe-kyo: lead in.
de.atple, x00. opt. Ioabpycacy: catch
sight of
feav [Foor] impt., tora [doy], we
eta, and ferro [fora] fot: of
dpi, am,
de-dedrouas : fut. of elordpyopa, come
in, enter.
dete, nor. prayer cat.
dothés 3: noble, excellent, goat,
fort: impt. of dai am. Cf. Béorww.
dexibvavro: impf. of eraiBvapat, seat-
ter, disperse,
de-éfopan: fut, of dropda, behold.
dondcare: aor, of ama, draw,
fonietny, lowduda: aor, of tropan
fallow, aecompany.
tomers, nor. imy.: fell. Of. &vverw,
Meve(y), tooo: nor. of vps, clothe.
Construed with two accusati
24 sing. pres.: of ely:
+ TE. 426.
feowa aor, tewiovre Impl, levi.
paroy perf, partic. trouve pipfe ax
sor.: of cedw, drive: mid. haven,
deroruptvus, alv.: quickly, eagerly, av
from the adjectival drwypevos.
derriyey port. inf. stand, 2d aor. terav
[Soryrav), stood up, rove, pert. par
tie, devadren, sanding, plpf. tera
way, were standing» of Torrqpe, set.
tert pl, teréy daxl, tere ond tere
fanv.: of di, av,
feorneav, vlationedl ; terqre [Kory
ware) (& 246) perf. stands of
Torryps, eel,
derrexswure ($47 6): impt, of erro
opr, 9° in tine, go. B92, P 266,
deta: impf. of owrdan, strip off.
fegagay: aor. of oyita, cut the
throat, A 459, B A422.
loxeriora: at the extremity ayn
10s) of the land, on the frontiers
Sexe (took), hel
selves. (refto
yw, hold
B 276, D 84.
draipos: comrade, companion.
érdpy, fem: companions & 44,
Erapos: comraile, companion.
froa(v); aor, uf rita, boar, bring
forth. B 728.
brdalero [ereAdlro, § 47 g) impt.,
Eee aor. of reAcian bring to
pass, accomplish
*Breoekfuos, ailj,: of Bteocles, iy
"KireowArin: the mighty Eleoclet.
See Boy § 10d, & 386,
devdy, adv: in truth. B 900, E 104,
Arepos 3: vther, the other of two, one
or other. xwdig Erepow mba: tawe
in one fool,
Of dos. B17.
on the other side.
clewhers, EBS1.
iripunor, wilv. to the olher side. §39¢
(Ereue(y). aor: found. fell in reithe
drievnro: was; pipe, of reyes male,
“Ereavés: Bovotian town, B 407.
keys (gérys): connection, friend.
Ariropor (Erypor), aly, ace.t tral,
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD bT
tr, adv. atill, yet, again, tw Eri
no longer, A 96, 296,
frivage: plucked; aor. of ratouw,
shake. 1386.
irtoyey iinpf,, Frew aor.: of rie,
honor. A 412, B AGT.
teteare: nor. of rive, punish. B743.
frAy, nor.: took courage, took heart,
dared. See rhojropas. A O34.
tropa, aor. inv. droquioare (drt
pos): make ready. A 118.
‘ros, -4og (féros, vets): year.
frporer: nor. of pire, turn. E187.
drpadéray: gre up: intrana. aor. of
pibu, nourish, bring up
Expape: aor. of xpéray turn. SO 9SL.
fruyes: aor.of reyxdvm, hit, E287.
drixin: aor. pass. of ralyon bring to
pass: B 155, 920, & 470.
trou (fer): in vain. T3608,
& ored, ady.: well, happily, carefully.
ipfayra: (one who did well),
welldoer, benefactor, di mixta:
all together.
“Evaspovibys : 407 of Euaemon, Burypy-
lus. E76.
“Evalpov, vor: Eunemon. B 736,
"Bifow: Bubver. B 536,
WSunroe (bdo): well-built. A 448.
tite [eabetw): sleep. B 2A.
bv-aibiis, dos: beautiful, comely. T 45,
tvapy is, ~dos (fpyow): twell-wrought,
wellemade: B 585.
faves (Livy): well-girdled, well-
Etnwéy: a Lyrnessian, B 693,
Girendog® in quiet, undisturbed. Of
Teqhor. A SSA,
tv-serfuts, Bos: well-greaved. — Epi
thet of *Ayaof nom. of acc. pl.
See evmuis. A 17, B 831, T 158,
torerivevos 3 and dixriros (xriu):
teali-buill, B 601, 502,
ebcuwdos: well-rimmed, of shields.
Etpydos: Bunielus, oon of Admetus
and Alcestis, B 714.
topuchinn gon. trypcAtn (§ 94 €)2
with good axhen spear, S165,
2449,
cirée, aor, poss. partic. etvyPivre
and civyfdoa (eivfy: paxs. lying
on the couch. B21, T 441,
civ: bed, couch. Sulyqy prdtorgre
enjoyed (hur) love and
P 445, 225.
eval, pL: anchor stones, A 436.
eBtavro: avr, of abxouny, pray.
efoos (feu): well-polished, B90.
ebararipas (xunjp): daughter of a
noble father, = Mus Seyeyante,
UGememdog: wellorohedl. % 372.
Aiearmecros (mijyrnyus): weelluitl.
iverdoxs, ios: well-plaiied. B 449,
tuadnapos (wéxw): fisirerensed, weil
Beautiful tresses. Z 880.
koarelyros (rosin): wellomente.
deredoe = wiih good (or many) horses.
cipla: from eipts.
tiplrns, sor. cipow anil cipipeva
[elpd@]: sind, A 229, B S43.
Bipor: Euros Kaw wind BINS.
deppets and duppiirm, gen. (oom
tenoted frorn duppedes) eyppdios
[eippenix] ( jie); strong-slooing.
cigudyna: with broad streets, broad:
Mrected. Nine times of Troy.
58 VOCABULARY TO THE
Elptados: an Argive. B65, % 20.
Fipupéens: Hurybater (1) Horald
‘of Agamemnon, only in A 320,
(2) Herald of Odyewus, B 184,
Bipubduas, savross an old Trojan
woor. E M0.
dpi epiluv: wide ruling, late rex,
Epithet of Agamemnon,
Espypisuv: squire of Agamemnon,
A228,
ipi-owa (nom. and ace.) (6y): fare
souning, farthundering. Epithet
of Zeus, A 498, E265,
Eipowvden: Eurypylus, (1) Son of
Euacmon. B86, (2) Ancient
King of Cos. B77.
adpv-plav: browdsflowing, B S49.
cipis, cipdia, ebph aoe. maee. eiptv,
eipia, neut. pl. nee. etpia: broad,
wide, spacious, Comp, chpirepos:
broader,
Efpwros: (1) & famous bowman.
B 506, (2) Son of Actor, B62.
ebpi-xopos: (Wilh broad squares for
the choral dance), spacious. Epithet
of districts and of cities, B 498.
Hin, 2 and és, gen. Sjors noble,
ealiant, good. Cf. 8 A 898,
Kcoapor: welladecked. B O13.
"Bieowpos: a Thracian. Z 8.
etre, conj.: when; a, in P10, Seo
Wore, A 242, B St, 228,
duereixeos: wellwalled, A120.
Eorpmewg: Bocctian town. B 502,
Werueros (reiyw): teell-nade,
Evpnaor: loader of the Cicones,
B 6.
ab-ppatm, fut. inf. edppavday (priv):
cheer, delight. E688.
fe Spordaon: well dinpored, with Kindly
Ua-kpen coon Seal ar eerie
abquns, -& (him): siapely, well
formed. AT.
eixerdopas, inf, ebyeriinoBas (eyo
pai): pray. % 208,
eixona, nor. eifayro: profess, hart,
exull, cow, prog. etyspavogs in
prayer,
axon, -cos: glory. E054,
exe: exultation, boast, triumph,
shout of trivmpl, vow, A 85,
B 160,
tvdins, -«¢ (odor): fragrant, per
fumed. Y 382,
p-ador (Ge): on the sea. Epithet
of const towns. Cf. dyxlados.
dHépny, ar [Eacay], Hare, tq:
impl. of dyud, say, speak, F161.
dddon : appeared ¢ aor. puss. of dhadvun
shoe. B 808, Z ATS.
AG-derre, port, pans, epijormas: fasten
upon; pass. impend, hang over.
dopan: sit upon. E152.
hale [2h3, § 52 c] eubjy., Upon imy. =
of &iqys, lay upon, shoot at. ASOT.
db-brw, aor, subje. dele: meet.
wérpov devrmdy: meet (his) fore
(death), fulftl his destiny. B 85%.
Ueterrarer, stood opponite, Uperrhats,
Hood upon: pipt. of deicrrqms, set
upon. B 024, 28
Upterves (teria), adj. (on hie own
hearth), of home, naiiee. B25.
Ueernh (Udriqu): behest, commands
injunction, A 495,
d-eoplexs, or. opt. delpor: firidy
catch right of, B 198,
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD
kb-fna(y) = aor. of debinuss send upon,
choot at. A ANS, 0 396,
Unvev: wor. of dalve, show. B S18.
Up-fperas: impond, hang over; port. of
hawt, fasten upon. BAS.
Abetiows: Lut. of deblnass urge on.
UpneOa [Zpys]: impf. of dni, ony.
Wptlare [epOquiar Hany, § 44 1),
Pipf. of Bir: wyrteld away, passed
ay. A251,
"Egddrps: 6 giant, E285,
Up-inus, fat. dprjoas, aor. éijra, nore
subjv. eed (246, § 52 c}, aor.
imy. See: send upon, A 607,
R174.
Ware and WOAnve: aor. of dAdo,
fore. 61, V 415.
Idlers, plpf. éderrjra and ibe
amouy: place upon; plyite stood
upon. F624, % 373.
&aPnder [2poPyur}: nor. pass.
af PoPéw, put to flight. E498,
Apoira: limp. of doerdu, yo to and
fro. E528,
Up-owdiie> make renily, prepare.
kb-opdes: Look upon, beholil
Abépar: impt. af Popéw, wear,
‘-opyde, aor. ébeippnray, wor. pass,
partic. &fopunBerres
wege upon ;
pase. mesh upon, attack, % 410.
"Edipn: Eyhyrn. (2) Old name of
Corinth. 2182, 210, (2) Home
of King Augéas, in Elis, B 659,
Exabe: aor. of yuréinw, contain.
Axépq! nor. pass, of xeipm, rejuice
quer: aor of xéw, pore, heap.
"Exdppev, over: mon of Priam.
E100.
dxeenevet, és: Liting, sharp. A 51.
‘Bxtmwdos: a Trojom, 4 458,
Exeay and deeiere (§ 48 A)) aor.
af xd, pour, throw around. ov
Eqevar: confused, broke. LP 270,
E314.
Exthores (260s), superl. : most ero
txo-Bomle, aor. inf,
‘act in hostility. A 618,
ExQos, -coss haired, hate. T ALG.
"Extvas, pl: the later Kehinades, «
group of small islands in the
Tonian Sea, near the mouth of
the Achelotx. 1B 626.
txw, iterative Impl. Eyerne(y), fat,
inf. é&éuer, aor. Sexe, nor. opt,
exolaro, wor. oxBov: huve, hold,
inhabit, guide, drive, keep, protect,
check. thy “Avrpvopiins dye:
tchom the son of Antenor had to
wife. vuwdapdug Exiuev: — slandl
frm. Faxove juayys? they ceased
Soghting.
Hyeras: fut. of Fropm, follow.
Aonave plpf. of perf. Zou, am tikes
yew pres, mubijy. of déw, allow,
by (Sv): partic, of eal, am.
dgvoxda: impt, of ofroyoéan, pour oul
reine, pour out, (Better, Zowoyset-)
[wr 00 los, while, watil, A 183.7
to- Gad ?), inseparable particle: very,
exceedingly. $40 d.
Teteos 3: very sacred, holy. § 40d.
Yecoros (xérox): vullen, T 220.
ZéxwBos, fom. : Zacynthue (Zante),
island in the Tonian Sea, under
the rule of Odysseus, (A short
60
open final syllable retains its
quantity before Z in this word
as before Zea. B 634, 524,
$5097)
Ja-xpuuts, -€ (xpavu): fierce-blowing,
Jurious, ¥ 625.
Lel-Bupos (Cant) 1 grain-giving, fruit-
Jul. Boas,
Zdwe: town in northern Lycia,
homeof Pandarus, B $24, 103,
121, (A short open final ayllable
is not lengthened before this
word. Cf. Zdxvvflos. § 99 9 y.)
tebyrope Copy, Lugum, yoke): yoke,
Labs, yon. Avs or Lgvis: Zeus,
Jupiter, son of Cronus (Kpavé
ps), and both husband and
brother of Hera, ‘The wisest and
mightiest of the gods, father of
both men and gods (mum)p dvipiv
re Bei re). He ix enthroned on
high (iydvyes aldépe valor) and
controls the elements, sending
lightning Crepruipauvos, derrepo-
aryriy WeBpcpérys) and gather,
iny the clouds (veparyepéra).
Zidbvpos (Ligos): Zephyrun Weat
wind, one of the four chief winds
meationed by Homer. It is not
a ‘zephyr,’ bat a cold, blustering
wind, blowing from Thmos,
Bit.
tvyéy (lugum, yokw)* yoke.
twyplo (Zods, dypim): fake alire.
Bwyple (Conf, Eyuipee) : reviee, give life.
E 098.
Boye (Leovveps)s loin cloth. A 187.
{aivy (cone): woman's girtle » eeviir.
Baz.
VOCABULARY TO THE
tévvoms, iterative impf. Lovnlerero,
gird. ¥ 867.
Jude or Loe (Lew): alive, living.
Lworhp, “ipos (Sav): man's girdle,
belt; prob. made of leathor,
Ide, partic, Cavror and {oovrec: tive.
4 or Hd: particle, (1) disjunctive,
either, or; (2) interrogative,
whether; or (3) comparative, than.
In a double question } (a). « -
4 Che=4 fe [ve]) is used for
Attic mirepov - . . Fe
4: tem. of demonstrative, relative,
or possessive pronoun,
A: truly, surely, indeed. ‘This often
introduces a direct question, bat
always expromes foéling, and
never ix a mere interrogation
point, as it often is in Attic,
Hi: (he) apake, quoth (whieh, tke %,
is now familiar only in one form);
impf. of Hyd, aay.
Gady.: where, whither. Z 42.
4a (cram) (fv): impé. of dus am,
jPausy, adv. dittle. of3" }Basby: not
coon in the leat, B 380,
Paw, aor, partic. #Bijourre (By)
am n youth; sor. came to manhood.
“Hpq: Hele, daughter of Zeus and
Hera, cupbearer of the goda, 42,
E722, 905,
fyey(y) 1 aor. of dye lead. Z 201
Spydteos 3: very sacred. A 252.
Hydeware: aor. of dyeyas, admire,
dye: {opt of dyw, lead, B 651,
frapa: aor. of dycipw, rouse.
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF ‘THE ILIAD OL
fiytipovre: impf. of dyeipm, assemble.
Irymowde (ijyqucie) + am beater,
Ayn, dros: denier, chief: BAST.
tyylouas, aor. jyjraro (yw): lead,
guide. ATI, BBL
HyepiBonar (dyeipo) : assemble, colleet
(Whenveloes). B 904, T 231,
Freeer [HyipOnoay, § 14m]: aor.
pass. of dyeipu, assemble. A ST.
fnvfiewp, -opos (ipyéopae): leader.
fiyvoinow: aor. of dyvouin, fail to
Anon, fail to perceive, & 3T.
yopswrre (§ AT c): impf. of dyo
pao, am in assembly. A 1.
WBE: and. Sometimes corms. with
Hue, A 41, 96, 251, 316, 334.
{ff or fy, impf. of oldu: now,
ibn, temporal ailv.: now, already,
before now. viv By: now at once.
Bos, cos (j5dvy, Bix) + pleasures
Hbo-emip, de: weeheviced, A 248,
ABvpos: sweet. (B21)
Bb, cia, -i (dvdiven, Auavis, sweo!):
sireet, pleasing, pleasant, 46d
ydaoouy: burst into a merry
laugh. B70,
Hh Fe: see
“Howes [Hos]: Helis, won god,
P77.
Hivos [Atos]: dhe sun, A4T5,T 104.
fer Civ]: impf. of dy, om. A 381.
FupdBopas (deipo): hang, ware, stutter.
Hes: dat, of dip, air, mist. 38,
‘HypiBoa: Erilnen. E889,
ifpios 3, ndj.: early in the morning.
Always prod. as adv. § 56 a,
deee-nltp, 46: smitty. Savor 8! fepo-
bis iBev: a far oe he seen into the
misty distance. E770.
“Herlav, -onog: EKetion, king of Hy-
poplacian Theba near Troy, father
of Heotor's wife Andromache;
slain by Achilles on the eapture
of Thcha, A 866, Z 206, 415 ff,
SPalor: honored, dear. Applied by w
younger to an elder brother.
Hos, pl. Ben (sneseo) : home, haunt
Cot homes). Z O11.
fue (ye): inp of dus, go. AAT.
Aibeos: youth, youry man nob yet
married. 4474.
Fifer, AxOn: nor. of dive, dart, rush.
sais, -ertex: hightanked. BA6.
“Hives, pl: town in Argolia. B661,
Suan, -cvo%,f.: beach, seashore, B92,
Fa. (set), ady.: softly, gently. L155.
fa: nor, of igus, vend, east. E126,
feleare: nor, of deionas, heal, cure.
foros (corén) 3: ungoaded, of
cattle not broken for service.
Zo.
Few! am come. E178,
Waxden: spindle, % 491,
fame: aor. of eAavown drive.
Morne (GAdopm); hover, BAT.
Merwp, -apor: the beaming sun,
bare: nor. of dAlomar, aevhe,
6454.
AAiAaro; pip. pass. of *Aavinw, drive.
AAlow: aor. of Zoxopae, come.
"Dws, os: Elis, the western eous-
try of Peloponnesus, B 615, 626,
Northern Elis belonged to the
Epians, southern Elis to Nestor,
Hoe: nail, stud, awed ns An ornament
for stall, hilt of sword, or goblet,
A2M6,
dor [dow]: aor. of Zpyouns, come.
a
62 VOCABULARY TO THE
“HAdvy; Thessalian town. B 739.
$yint-ae (Suabos): randy. B77.
finos, 2d sing. how, Sd pl. dara or
Zara: [Frac], imy. foo, inf. eGo,
partic, Fyevos, Impf, jupy, 8d pl.
impf. daro: sit, This verb with
@ partic, often marks the con-
tinuance of a state, esp. where n
person Ja given up to gricf or
minfortune,
Fwop, -aros (hada): day. Botuor
Top: day of slavery, slavery
Gd). vixews te wal Hap > dy
FmBowres [huapres, $30 y]z aor, of
miss, E287,
fylPere: impt, of dpelBopas, answer,
fais, cen. Hyadww oF cton, dat. aude
oF Type, ace. Super we, us; pl. of
tyb. $42 a.
ply, particle, generally correlative
with #8é: bok... and, Cf pay
nae BE
Sptrepoe (ijuels) B: our, § 42 b.
fut, impf. $2 say, speak. § rat is
used after a speech that is re-
ported, where the same subject is
continued for the following verb.
‘Aplovos (Gmc): (hal/-ase), mule,
finery, cia, -v: half Gusow rysiis:
half of the honor. % 198.
Apert, de (ré\os)2 half-finished,
uncompleted. B 701.
Fpor: when. A 475, 477.
fbw, aor. opt. Fabowe: droop iis
head, bow. B373, 4 290.
fv: al dy, if, with subjy. (Perhaps
of oF ef should be read.)
fivbave: impf. of dvédvw, please. (de
Save is w bettor rending.) A 24,
Heeps-us, coro, av (dvepioe) = windy,
wind -swept, Epithet of high-
situated towns, e«p, of Mion. This
in accepted by ‘Tennyson, in
‘windy Troy.’
mov: impt. of aiviw, praise, come
mend, T 401,
‘via, pl,: vine, of the chariot horses ;
freq. adorned with thin plates of
ivory or metal. I’ 261, $11,
fm-oxeds, Fos, and fvGoxos (julia,
x0): charioteer. B 605, 680.
ivtrawe: aor. of dvierw, rebuke. §43,f.
fivis, wos, ace. ple sleek, shining
(of cutie). 2% 04, 275, 300.
fvopén, local. ns dat. jropénpe ($ 33 a)
(dviip, dvbpeia): mantiness, bravery.
A 305, 7 166.
fivrere: impf. of dyroyat, meet,
frryee: aor. of dvedw, meet. % 909,
fvaye: bupf, of dvuye, bid, % 170,
Hos: seo clos, while, untile
fmeanow: aor. of draXée, threaten.
fmepos, £: mainland, land. A 486,
Psi,
fimoy: Aindly, soothing. A 218,
fips (Fipa), se
obj, of piper.
Pipwr: doing wereice of love te
his mother. Equivalent to ydper.
A572.
“Hpaxdettne: son of Heracler, BOS,
078,
"Hpardijues 3:
of Heraclen Big
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD
Hynadyely: dhe might of Heracles,
the mighty Heracles. § 10d,
fipape: aor, of épopiren, sit, ji
fiparo: aor. of dpvyat, gain.
fpare: imp. of dpdopay, pray.
tira: Impl, of alpio, seize. A 23,
"Hp: Hera, Juno, daughter of
Cronus, Doth wife and sister of
Zeus. Argos, Mycenae,and Sparta
ure her favorite cities, Sho hates
the ‘Trojans and strongly favors
the Greeks, She is called large-
eyed (Boies), revered (xérna),
whitecrmed (AeuxiAcvos), She is
“Apysin, since Ler earliest groat
temple was near Argos, 4 52.
fpfpacre: plpf. pass,, used much
like an sorist af épelbu, thrust.
Apfwaro: aor. of dpdowas, pray.
fiperieaas carlytorn, child of the
morning. Epithet of Hade, Dawn.
fore; fell; aor. of épeire, tear down.
fpmure: cr. of Apso, avail, ward off-
fppowe: aor. of dud jit, T 333.
FpOnnxe: aor. of docu, cheek, §43,f.
fpr, -wor, dat. pl. fpdermv: ware
rier, hero, Not yet in the specific
modern sonse of hero. § 17,
fod inf, fetqy dual,
1 of Fyay site B 255,
fereay: impf. of dereiea, prepare,
for; dualimpd, ofdu,am. B10,
fra: impf. of alréw, ax. % 176,
frrtnawey : aor. of dryuitun slight.
firtaner(v): aor. of dryuden, slight,
4 ro, aswoverative particle: beliece
me, in truth, indeed. A 68, 101.
rep, -opors heart, a& part of the
humun body, and the seat of
Kite, joy, grief, cme, mind; Lungs,
B40.
wfSa: impt. of atSiw, xpeak. A 92,
Henopes: fiihaired. A 30,
fis, Ab: 500 bis, noble, raliant. L107.
foe: nor, of ato, shout. F784.
fdr: cay than, weddvrepow Hyire wirow
daiveras: appears Macker than piteh.
A277,
“Howtos: Hephacetw, Vuloan ae,
son of Zeus and Hera, god of fire
and of metal work (done by the
aid of fire), —the Tubal Cain of
the Greeks. His home was on
Olympus, He favored the Groeks
against the Trojans, His name
is used for hiselement, fire(B426),
A G71 if, B 101 £, 496,
xt (echo) ; roar, yreut din. B09.
xh coma: rexounding, roaring,
exe [if] loot. mv.: where. A G07,
fiero: nor. of dxropas, touch, tay
hold of, clasp, A512, 799,
"Has, yen. “Hoos: Eos, Dawn, Aus
rora, goddess of the morning.
She is called early burn Gppryévua),
reay fingered (joBobdxruAos), and
soffronroberl (xposimrerkon). AATT,
B46.
gen. ices or Hots, noe. ba OF Hay
morning, dann. & 49%,
Bddopos: icomen's apartment, chamber
(esp. of married people), sore.
room (8 148, % 288).
Bddagoa: eer A 15ST) B 204.
Gaddoows: of the seu, BOL.
64 VOCABULARY TO THE
Padupéa (AiXAW) 3: blooming, vigorous,
swelling. B 266, Z 496.
@éAmos: Epéan loader. B 620.
Badwuph= comfort, joy. % 412.
Oedrvoriins: son of Thalysius, S458,
GapPle, aor, OduPyrer (rixpos): aor.
teonder came over (him). A 199.
Bipfos, cos: wonder, amazement.
Papeal or Sayatas, for. pl, (Baput),
adj.: thick, clos, A 52.
dpvpes: Thamyris, a mythical Thra-
clan bard. B 595.
Bavaros (Orijorxes): death, AGD.I 101.
Bare nor, Saveedar fut. inf: of
Ovijowm, dic, BOA, S12,
Waw-: see retyrdres, dazed. A 243,
fapearies (Bipcos) 3: bold, coura-
geour, # G02,
uperta, aor. Giperyere (dare): am boli,
dare; aor. took courage. A 8
Bipeos, -<of! courage, daring, E
Sapedve, iterative impl. daprtverne:
cheer, encourage. & 283,
Qéeeov, ailv., comp. of maxi: the
quicker, the sooner, at once. BAMO,
Caine, -aros: a wonder, marvel.
Bavpdte: wonder, odmire. B20.
Bavpaniy: a Magnesian town under
the rule of Philoctetes. B 716.
8G: goddes. AY,
@rtve: Thedno, wafo of Antonor, and
priestess of Athona in Tios. B70,
2208 #., A 223 f,
Biev, Slow: impt. of Béw, run. % 118.
Garver inf, Olopey (Odper, § 45 a]
subjr.: aor.of riBhyux, place, A143.
Getvopas > am struck. A 586.
Qitos oF Oliox (Beds): of the gods, di-
vine, sacred, goitlike. B22.
Ordo; 00 Pew, run, Z 507.
Oa: wish, desire. Sew tide.
Operon [Oeivac}: aor. inf. of riPyusy
place, make, 7285.
Owes, ures, ph Ofuorres (riPya) +
(what ix laid down), natural law,
what is fiting, right sanctioned by
custom (eften used in Homer like
Bin, xara poipay); pl. Laws, decrees.
4H Oigus derrl: axis right, cx ix tavofil.
st: inseparable suffix, forming an
ablatival gen. § 83 c.
Bivap, -apos: hollow ufthe hand. ESSe.
BeowBhye, -6¢ (eFBoe) ancl Beomeliedor =
godlike. Of beauty of person,
without reference to moral quili-
thes, Cf, lerdBeos, 110, 80, 37.
Qco-mpontar (precor), partic. prophe-
sying, declaring the divine will.
Oeo-mporty and Genpimoy; onnele,
prophecy, will of the gods. NSB.
Beds: god, divinity. Cf. Baiuev.
Depimer, -ovrog: altendant, squire,
comrade, A servant, but free and
doing voluntary service. & 297.
Gepetras (Adpros): Thervites, the
ugliest and most insolent of the
Greeks: B 212-271.
po: warm, with gen. % 381.
Os mv, Oerer [our] ind: aor, of
riOqua, place, make. A 483.
Dereedor: wonitrnus, strange,
Olrnea [Ceol § 37 at]: Thespiae,
in Boeotia, at the foot of Mt.
Helicon, B95.
gods. A 591, B B07, 457.
Gureadts: sonat Heracles. BBT9.
ie
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD 65
Gerroplbqs! son of Theator, Calchns.
A 6D,
We-parov: vracin. BO4.
Ble, Bos: Thetis, » wea goddons,
wife of Peleus, and mother of
Achilles A 351 ff, 496 ff,
335 M1. 369 #, O74 ff. She is
called silversfovled (Apyupdé-meta)
and Ovydryp dino yiporros.
Biro: aor. of rin, place. T 310.
Qs oF lo: run. A244, Z 607.
OAPar or OFBy: Thebes, tho prinelpal
town of Boeotia, Ib had been
destroyed by the ‘Epigoni’ and
does not seem to have been in-
habited at the thne of the Trojan
War; ef. Yro6j Gu B505. Tt was
seven-guted (dxrdarvdos). A 406.
OFGn: Theda, a Ciliclan town in tho
‘Troad (at the foot of Mt, Placus,
an eastern spur of Mt. Ida), under
the rule of Andromache’s father
Eatin ; it was sacked by Achilles,
A 806, B 601, Z 397, 416.
Shy, aor. imy. OyfrierBw (dagger):
sharpen, whet, B 382,
Gays (4s)! nor. subje. of rine.
Ohee(v): nor. of ry, place, make.
Orvs, Ojdaa: female. Ojdve also ix
E 269,
Oy, enclitic particle: doutdless. ob
Op: “I don’t think.” B 276,
Ofp, gen. Onpde: wild heast. T449,
is 9, chase, E40.
por: hunter, E Sl.
Onoeis, “Fos: Theseus, mythical king
of Athens nnd national hero of
Attica, most noted ally of the
Lapithae. A 265,
tk: inseparable local sulfix. § 333.
ig, dat, Givd: beach, strand. A Bh.
Olefin: Thishe, between Mt, Helicon
and the Corinthian Gulf, not far
from the coast, B 502.
és, nor, OAdower crwh. EB B07.
Orienw, ful. Ourderu, nor. ive, pert.
opt, reOvaéy perl, partic. reDryira
(Gimaros): die; pert. am dead,
Omnia 3: mortal. A 839, ST4.
O65, avros: Thous, Actolian leader,
B 638, N 216 ff, 0 251 ff.
Bods (Aim) 3; swift, rapid, quick.
Gopav: nor. partic. of Opderne, leap.
fotpos, fem. Aoi, Boe: impetuous,
raging. Epithet of "Apys and of
xj. S234, B20,
Btu, wos: a Trojan. E 162.
ois (Doss), addy.: quickly, swiftly.
Spacv-phavwr, -ovoc: brare-hearted, of
Heracles. E039.
parte, -cia, -% (Bipoos): bold.
Opterpa, pl. (rptcbw): gifle in return
for wurture, — ob8¢ roxcio. Opérrrps
drébuowe> he Wlidl not return his par=
ents’ care. (Attic tpopiie.)
Spape: aor. of pepe, nourish, rear.
Oph. -a0s, or Opie: Thracim. ‘The
‘Thracians were allies af the
Trojans. ZT.
lg, gen. rpxds, fom:
hair, woot (of lambs).
Tr 273.
Qpénev: Locriaa
town. B 583.
Upbvos Opévos (throne):
sat, chair, esp.
a high armohair, with back and
footstool, throne, A 596,
mi
Opdog: shout, ory. A 407.
@pvov: u Pylion town, on the banks
‘af the Alphéas, near the frontier
of Elia B S02.
Qpwirae, aor. ope: leap, rush.
Quydenp, noc. Oiyurpa or Oeyardaa
(dauglier) daughter. A 538,
Tr 124
Whowsy (3 36-8): dat, pl. of Bios.
Worm! blast. % 310.
Ovierys or Qviera: Thyestes, grand
son of Tantalus, son of Polops,
brother of Atrens, fathor of Aegis
‘thas (Clytasmnestra's paramour).
Boe ft, $344,
Pop-odyte, de: heartgrieving. A513.
Ovpotrms: an aged Trojan, I 140,
Qp0-Aloy, -ovros: lion-earted. E638,
pds (Luss): heart, soul
the seat of life, and of the desires,
passions, reason, andl will, courage.
Opp: in heart, within, — dpivw
Gypsy: touch the Heart: move to
Sour, anger, or pity. Ch. aapdéy
and xap.
Ppo-84p0s (HOeipw): life-destroying,
re, impf. Give (iw): rurk madly,
surge, dash, hasten.
Ohos, cos: burnt offering: prob.
not always animal sacrifices, but
some kind of incens», % 270,
Pipage, adv.: (ont of the door), out.
Coperpa, pli: idvor, of Prinm’s palace.
ign (flores, door): door. det Tpud-
pow Hipyra: “before Prinm’s pal-
ace." B 756,
ieard-as, -crerat fasseleil, fringed.
Ricravor! sft, iaxsel, fringe. BAB.
isthe, pl. (Oiw): thyrsi, wands used
VOCABULARY TO THE
in the worship of Dionjsus, with
‘a pine cone at one end and wound
about with ivy. % 134,
Bdw: roge Cf Oinw, A B42,
Osipyg, -yxos:+ armor, breastplate, eui-
ras. Armor for the protection
of the upper part of the bedy,
‘This is not described by the poet,
and the Homeri¢e warriors seldons
seom to wear the cuirass of lator
times, Perhaps plates of motal
were attached toa garment of
linen or leather, but the chief
arm of defense was the shield.
opheew, nor. subj. Jupyoner, aor.
pass, BupijxOour: arm, epuip with
culrass, BT2,
I
a {lat}: form. of foe (els), one.
‘Tédueros: Bocotian leader, B O12.
Véoper, aor. bjouro: Acal, cure,
tax (euny-)= shriek, low! erg.
Maxe (cay)? about, shriek, yell.
“Tawdede [‘IwAxde}: Joleus, on tho
Pagasaean Gull. B 712,
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD
"TBatos: Jilueus, (1) The most hon
‘ored of Prinm’s heralds and his
personal attendant, T 248, (2)
‘A Trojan warrior, E11 ff.
WBA, conj.: and. Cf. BE TM.
WBlav inf, eC) ind., max [%By)
subjy. mid, (fi5-) aor: 800 Bory
sao,
“I6q: Jda, a lofty mountain chain in
the Troad, stretching from north-
west to southeast, with many pro
jeoting shoulders, Its highest
peak is more than 5000 feet above
the sea. B 821,
*L5qev: from Me. Ida. VP 276.
Myer [lorper, § 30 1]; Lat pl, of offn.
tbvéw, pass, dep. Bvify: bend overs
(owe: opt. af eBoy, saw. Z 284.
fos: Momeneus, leader of
the Cretans (8 645), aon of Den-
eslion, grandson of Minos, and
great-grandson of Zens and Euro-
pa (N 449 ff.); highly esteemed
Wy Agamemnon (A 145, B 405,
257 ff.), and by Monelaus (P
230 f.). He was one of the older
Jeaders: oft peouéhies N S01
grissted, He reached home in
safety after the war (y 191).
Bor: epic for don saw, A202,
IBp6e, fut. fpdon, nor. Fpau:
scent.
poo, aor. puss, WprivOyray (fos) >
neo,
r, mane): store.
tvta: fern. partic. of ola. § 499,
Tupac: subjy. mid. of dor, ane,
fo impf., dew 3d pl.: of Zyus send.
oT
Tena, aor. ouro (suipas): desire,
‘press on, strive.
Te(y) impf,, Uva inf. © of elas, yoo
Urres: partic. of Syne turl. BUT.
Upuar priesieas, % 100.
apes or tpets, for: pric, He was
attached to a definite divinity
and anctuary; hence no priests
are mentioned in the Achaean
army.
lepeies, fut. inf. lepewoduey, nor. Leper
ow: sacrifice, offer in sacrifice;
Aaughter, since most of the flesh
‘of the victims was eaten, and on
the othor hand no tlosh was caten
until a part had been sncrificed
to the gods. B 402, Z 94,
lapév and pl. ipd: offering, sncrific
victim for sacrifice, A147, B420,
Upés 3: oly, eacred, B 205, Z 80.
Yo, ime, mid. Zev, imp. mid. Yorro
(os): sear, it, rest, 1926,
“Indies: fatijeus, one of the chief
cities of Rhodes, B 656.
Amps, Hl pl. ladon, partic. férres, impf.
Ta, uss. Terra, impf, mid. tera,
aor, Fea or Fyxu ($43 d), aor. opt.
dy, aor. mill. Evro: wend, hurl, ash,
shoot, throw, ebrepy pute
ifwaetes: inf. of Kowa, heal. E 800.
‘ef. poe (liarpe, iiquas) = heer,
surgeon, BT32, 8190.
"Whey: Sthaee, 8 small rocky and
mountainous islaud of the Tonian
Sea; the home of Odysseus,
B nae, F201.
"Wastes: Ithacan. B18.
TW: go, be off; imv. of dus, come, 90.
Also as interjection; of: dye.
aij
68 VOCABULARY TO THE
Wyn, saros (cu): walk, gait, sep,
i
Wove, impf. idivew (IOs): send
straight at, direct, guide. S132.
Big [etic], adv., with gon.: stright,
araight at, E500,
idén, vos, £1 enterprise, undertaking.
%79.
Wun, or. Tiere (Iie) : prone forward,
charge, Cf. Bivo, B29,
“Lsrun : Lihome, in western Thessaly,
on the slopes of Mt. Pindus,
Br20.
Ludvw: come, reach, freq. with acc.
of ‘limit of motion’ €f, ixvéqpar,
Taw.
“Axépvor: Jearian, Tho Ioarian Sea
was part of the Avgran Sea, near
the southweat part of Asia Minor,
BMS,
trades (gue) B: like, resembling.
“Leertiuy, -ovos: son of Laomedon
and so brother of Priam. T 147.
paves (Zao): favoring, favorable,
iat. With ofpor.
fevfowor nnd Tew, fat, Hoyas nor,
Yecro and Bete), aor, subjy. Tews
rat ancl Teyae: come, arrive at,
reach; freq. with aco. of ‘limit
of motion! Cf. Letves,
Waubsy (Try), adv. in troops, in bat
aliens. B%.
dopa: propitiate, worship.
‘ion: propitious, kind
Ddoropar, aor. subjy.
[Ddoy] and Daoduerba {Done
Ba: propitiate, appease. A 147,
+,
“Dos (fc-), fom, not nouter as in
Latin: Jdios, capital of the Trond,
named from its founder Hus, son
of Tros and grandfather of Priam
(¥ 981 ff). It ia called wind
swept (ipapouroa) and prosperoes
(40 yuscpevor wrodicbpov). “Duses
$8 usod for the Troad in ATA.
Wade, -dvros: leather strap. 1 375,
Wpdeow, wor. Guare, nor. subjys fio
ay? lash, beat, B78, K 059,
“TyPpactins: son of Imbraxus, Peix
ros, a Thracian leader, 4 520,
Suv [Riva]: inf. of dus, go. § 4b Y:
inapé-er, cou: lovely, charming.
Twepos: longing, desire. T4408,
Twapris: lovely, beautiful, B TOL.
tre, advy.: where, Conj.t in order
thot, that, with subjy. or optatire.
Twa: ace. of fs, strength, might. E245,
ivov: nape af the neck, neck sinew.
tkaros: dounsiing, leaping, & 108.
Uie(y), or! aor. of Tew, comes
Mertas: fut. of tvdopas, come.
ee subjy Weres partic.s of jy
anaes (pur): sheicker, ouster.
Ue: arrow. Cf. curr, AB:
fos, ta, dat, tp: one. Of. ds,
lars, -yros: will, dUajhow Leryres
veach because of the other,’
E674.
lo-xlampa (ids, dw)! (she who show
ers arrows), the archer goddess,
Epithet of Artemia, B83, 2428,
Ternoe: of the horses, E99.
Geeweds, jos : horseman, knight. (The
Homeric heroos, however, did not
ride, but drove in chariots.) Of
brréra, irmypAdra. See dppan
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD
Uwenhdira (Amin) : Acolie for bem
Addrys (horse-driver), knight. § 34 b.
twmvo-xalrne (yalry)® of horsehair.
2409,
twwé-Bores (Béoxw): horse-feeding.
Epithet of Argos, as suited to the
rearing of horses. B287, 175.
“TrnoBénna: Hippodamia, wife of
the Lapith Pirithots, B 742.
Uwmé-fapos (Baydw): (horeetamer
gives a false tone), master of
horses, knight. B 230.
twwo-Bhorwa (Baovig): with thick crest
of horsehair, T309, S 459, Z 9.
“LnméBoos : Polasgian leader, BB4O Mf.
lime -xopveris: horke-equipped,
equipped with chariots, B1,
“Tnwéhoxee: son of Bellerophon and
father of Glaucus, % 119, 197.
Twos (oq uns): hore; frog. fein.
even when no attention ix called
to the sex. Horses drew by the
yoke, without traces. Dual and
pl. horses, horses and eAariol, chariot
(ef the New England use of
“team” for* wagon "), even men an
chariots (B 551), The Homeric
heroes did not ride on horseback.
ad” Grow ditavre: leaping hastily
from their chariots,
lrrorivy : horsemanship, skill in the
wee of the chariot in battle.
tewéra [irmdrys]: horseman, Bnight,
bat not mounted, Cf, teres,
lrryAdra. § 366.
twr-ovpis (abd, (ail): with horse-hair
crest, crested. T 397, % 405.
Teropas, fut. Zperm, sor, iYmo: pres
hard, afftict, punish, A 454, B 193,
69
‘pd: see Lepiv, sncrifiee. B 420.
pets: see iepe’s, pric, B10,
“Ipe: Iris, the messenger of the
gods in all matiern pertalning to
war. B86, 1 121,
ips 3: sue lepds, mere, & 46,
iw, acc. Tru (gis, jp fez strengihy
might.
Yoav [Jour]: impf. of du, 9m A404,
“Heav$por? son of Bellerophon. % 107.
ionew: 3d pl. of ofBx, know, % 151.
ios-eoa: equal to the gods, gousike.
Of. Cconixedos, Geoudys. T 310.
toos [Zr0s} (cur) 3: epuul. Tow and
Too, cognate ace., adv. = equally.
iwo-aptte (quipw): ejwal, vie with.
“10,
Were 24 pl. of ofSa, know, BASS.
Tormmps, aor, (orrpma, 2d wen, (ory
and erdy [trp], 2d aor,
subjy. orjy [org] aor. yuurtic.
aris, itorutive nor. orisrney, pert.
forges, pl. pert. derjfeiow or
forao, perf. inf. dordger, port.
partic, deraéra or éorewra, pipf.
dorjeu and iorusay (310, stun):
prea. and Ist aor. act. transitive,
cause to stand, station, set, stop
other tenses and mid. intran
tive, take (my) porition, stand, stop.
lorév eryourro: hvixteel the mast.
pyr ipa eryourbus = (eel up), offer
a boel, dyrion Sxrav; they wood
(rete) to mect him, dt Zorg:
stood up, rose, ori Sribev: come
up behind.
“Iorian: on the northwest coast of
Euboea. B 587. (‘Trisyllabie
by ‘aynizoais’ ; § 25.)
70 VOCABULARY TO THE
lwriow, pl. as xing. torin (lors): ail.
A433.
Loom
lervo-bouy (Béyopr): mastreceiver, &
rest for the mast when the latter
was lowered. A 434.
6
fowés (Torpux): (1) mast (held in
place by forestays, — xpdrovo).
(2) Loom. tarriv troiyerBac: go
ta and fro before the loom, ply the
loom, (The women stood to
weave.) (3) Wed,—The Homeria
Joom was upright, nob horizontal,
and consisted of two perpendion-
lnr posts, united at the top by a
crossbar, From this crossbar the
threads of the warp were attached
by weights (see cut), For con
‘venience in handling these threads
‘they worn uttuched, alternately hy
means of loops, to two rode (awe
vs), —the even threads to one
rod, the odd threads to the other,
The thread for the woof was
wrapped around a spool, which
may have been held ab the end of
aslonder stick. The weaver fire
grasped one of the rods and drew
it toward her breast, thus separat
ing the odd from the even threads
of the warp. Through the open-
ing thus made, she drow the spool
ol
‘AT THE LOOM
with the thread of the woof, with
her other hand. After pushing
the woof thread (thus interwoven)
snugly to its place, she text
grasped the other rod, drawing
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD 71
toward her the other set of
threads, and a0 sent the spool
back. (Perrin on ¢ 62, Clapp on
Aol, cheek.
E 305,
tarxw (ixw) : hold, check, loryeo: check
thyself, restrain thyself, halt f hold}
fre iiny,, trqw Impf.: of elas, go
rvs, -vos (fer withe), fom.: felloe of
a wheel,
‘Trwr, -wros: in Phthiotis.
E 80,
B 606.
Uphipos 3: strong, mighty. AS, BALD,
bee (ctu i
strongly. § 33 a.
father
Je allve: with
A388, 151,
of Protasilaia,
pron (cup): strong, goodly (ot
sheep), EB 556,
=Tpires: Phiocian Argonaut. B518.
ixsp, ace. iyi: ichor, which served
the gods as blood, E340, 416,
an: aor, of Grropas, afflict. A Abt.
lah (nus) = breath, Blast, 270,
love’ (Becxw) 1 attack, rout, confusion
of battle.
tor: partic, of du, go, A 198, 179.
K
e4B.fae: aor. of ura
wayxadde : langh aloud,
tion or in mockery, I 43, 514,
x48 : far mand, down, by ‘apocope* and
‘graimilation’ before &, § 20
KaSptor and Kbps, -aoe: Cad-
mean, of Cadmus; pl. Thebans.
Kéapa, fem.: Carian woman, & 142.
vedin [Goudy]; aor. pass, of anday Burn
sit; aor, not. seated.
no-<660 AGL
x68-qyas, iy. xiDyoo: sity am seated,
Ka8-(Qo, aor, imy, xiBurov: couse to
sit down, seat ; imtrans. T 68
waBderuphe, acdy.: down from abore,
above. BIS, T G7.
wat, copulative conj.: and, also, too,
even, snd: even if. wat is freq.
joined with other particles, and ia
freq. correlutive with #é, both...
and. Tt sometimes marks the
agroomont of a epecification with
a foregoing general remark, Tt
may be used where the Eng. {dom
has or, as a or thee ;
paxOii re mul rerpayOd: in three or
four pieces, Vt is used freq. in
‘the apodosis of conditional and
temporal sentences,
Kauwtins: son of Caeneus, BT46.
Kauvets, -jos: Carneus, king of the
Lapithao, A264.
xaivoes, perf. partic. enmapéve, plpf.
as impt, (@)xéourro: excel. A 339,
walprov (Kaipés): (right spot), fatal,
deadly, vitat spot. & 18S.
wale, nor, Zaye ($48 4); wor. pans
fut, portic. of ward
neyint, tie down, § 489. A 600.
wono-piixaves (jenyary))! contracting.
wil, pernicious % 344.
woxévand pl. wand: i, harm, calamity
oxée 3 : bad, evil, worthless, miserable,
oucurily, destructice, Oyp.to dyaboe
12
kaxdrqt, tos: wertileamess, comard>
ice, wickedness, B 368,
vaierave [wardaram, § 29 BD]: aor.
imy. of auraareiro, Lill, slay,
woh, iterutive impf. amxAderxe, fut.
partic, snAéoura, aor, subjy.
Atouw, nor. partic. cuAgouow, aor.
mid. (2)maAérouro and maAérayro,
perf. xéchyuan fut. pert. xoedyjoy ?
call, swmmon, name. wendijory doe
reg: thou shalt be (called) wife,
Kahjows: Thracian from Arisbe,
Z18,
KadXlopor: town in casters Locris,
BSal.
radivyivaues, ace.: abounding in
beautifel women, T'%5. The in-
fleotion is attracted to that of the
noun, yw}.
naDALOng, rpoxos: firirmaned, of
horses, E323.
wadhumdpnos (rapuit) : fuircheeked.
widAewe [enrd\ume, § 20 0): aor. of
urndeire, leave behind. % 223,
radlppoor (fix) s firiry
reidhuerrog : superl. of endés, heaut{ful.
widhos, woe: beauty. % 150.
nidby and pl. Kad, cognate acc.,
adv: well. A ATS, Z 320.
ntthés 3: beautiful, fair, noble.
KadsSva.: islands near Cox B 677.
Kadvédr, ~Gros: Calydon, ancient
Astolian town, famed for the
Calydonian boar bunt. B 640,
1581.
eahiwro, nor. (d)xddwe(y): cower,
icrop. ol wérdow xring tnidwro':
VOCABULARY TO THE
held a fold of her robe ax a covering
(protection) for hin, 603.
KAKA, -avrog: Calchas, renowned
seer of the Achaeans, who guided
their ships to Ilios. A 69-100,
B 300, 322-980, He was warrlor
fg well as secr.
xdiparos (xeyive) + weariness.
xdpeBare [narefare, § 30.4]: aor. of
raraBddre, throw down, let fall.
dpe: aor, of migver, aan weary, work,
Képapos: one of tho thro chief
cities of Rhodes, B 056,
xdyvw, fut. napetran aor (E)roxuon,
perf. éxaneas, perf. partic. ie
nuyore (8 49 a): labor, am weary
(freq. with aoc, of the wearied
part, and often with partic),
make with toll, ropdévress who
became weary; euphemism for
Gavavres, the dent,
wdparne, nor, subjy. xdpily: Beni,
opwidoe (hump): bent, curred, of m
chariot. E291. Cf dynthor.
xd: Lor nar, doten, along, by «apoc~
ope’ and ‘assimilation? § 296.
Karareés, jos: Capaneus, the most
insolent of the «Seven
Thebes,” B 56d, 4404 8. Father
of Sthenelus He boasted that
he would take ‘Thebes, even
though opposed by the thunder
bolt of Zens,
Kawraréfns and Kawarfuos ves:
son of Copanens, Sthenolus. S 367,
E108 f.
worvje, nor. xdrvocay (numyds) ?
Kindle fires. B 399,
wombs: smoke, A S1T.
4
FIRST SIX BUOKS OF THE ILIAD 73
tdre-mucrov [narémuroy, § 20 6}: aor.
of karamirrw, fill down, :
wdmpor:: boar, wild! bour, E789.
Kéip, gen. Kéipés: Carian. B 867.
api or mpabin (§ 91) (cor): heart,
as seat of will, affections, and
passions, B 452, F 00,
xdpy, gon. xpards, dist, xpdris head.
don opdwrtee: long-haired. Frog.
epithet of Achaenns, Seo on
Bil.
répnvs, ple: heads, summits, citatels,
aapredluun, dy. i quickly, in haste,
saprés (harvest) : fruit, evap, grain.
sapris: wrist. BAGS.
wog-pilovra: partic. of ampiqa,
E 4a.
napreps-QOpos: stouthearted. E 277.
xnpripés (niprog, xpditos, hard):
strong. mighty. See mparepos. $31.
A178,
ndgrveros: most mighty, sloutest, hard=
et. A266, Z 185,
>
caress.
Képueros: Caryetus, town on tha
south const of Eaboen. B 539,
xaruyviry: oun sister, 2 155.
naat~yrnros = (rims) : oww Firother.
Kérog: one of the Sporades, near
Cos. B 676,
Késrop, -opos: Caslor, von of Leda
ani brother of Helen. F237
word, ady. and prep.: down, with
ace. and genitive,
(2) Ax adv, xara Bixpu ydowrn
(pouring down) shedding a tear;
word 6 Jpma sdryoay : trampled
(down) ypon the cathe ; «AB 8 EOope :
feaped down: mari pimp teye :
burned (down, Bug. wp) the high
pieces; AB Bt Afrecre: ge could
leave behind.
(2) With a00, neBarBivres Kari
vijas? dinpersert (doven) along the
ships; By nar eéerovt coming
over the wa: Sauvpévors xara
Biayn: fersting through the Rowse :
10 wird: Nady: go through the cormy =
wari orparéy: down through the
camp, in the camp, opposite the
camp; mar’ joipay: in due measure,
Silly; wari $pou: in mind; vike
‘ard Spov: wounded him on the
shoulider.
(3) With gen. xr’ SpOadpiv:
down over his eyes; marl, xOorde +
upon the ground below ; nai" temey :
down from his chariol ;
rapajveay: down feom the summits.
rora-folne, aor. xarePijocro, itn.
aro ftiyreo (§ 48 i), a0. inf. xara
Biv: come down, descend.
ware-Bidhe, nor. mdyBide (§ 80 b)r
cast down, fet fall, B sta, y
reréys, aor: inf, mrafiner ($8 44/;
48 i): lead (down) bork to the
ships,
rare-5o, aor. xaredivero oF xarédn,
aor. partic. xarubivta: go dun,
act (of the sun), enter, put on
armor,
wara-Dvnrés: mortal, Z 123,
ware-eale, aor, nurdepe (§ 48 &):
wari
tin (clnen), commune ty fire,
ZA418,
warduenpns, fat, partic. amxeelowres :
Ke down, A 606.
cave-coypde, sor. inf. neraxecpnti
yor (ndijans) : fins. lie down ti rest.
|
74 VOCABULARY TO THE
Kara-norpée: arrange (lay down)
property. SVB.
xora-nrelm, fit. xutaxravdovew, dor.
raréxtave NG xaréera, aor. inf.
snraxtdqom, aor. imy. «ixtave
{rardxrare, § 20 1), aor. pasa,
searéxrabey [xurexraByray]: slay,
ill,
mara-hulerw, aor. xddAure [narélime,
$20 O}: Leave behind, Z 228.
KareAbe, aor, KaréAioe: overthrne,
destroy. BAN.
xora-pdpmew, aor. subjy, xurapdpby t
overtake. Z 364,
karapioow, Hor. warayituro ; scrilel,
tear. E425,
rara-wie, fat. xuraveigoint, ac,
imy, surdvexrov: nod assent, esp.
in confirmation of a promise,
Opp. to dvavedw. See on A SLL.
xore-mirew, nor. mubjy, xuramipy :
digest, auppress. ABI.
xorarmépyy : aubjy. of xuréreron,
slay, kill, T281-
xaraanfywiat, aor. waréryger: fiz,
wich, 2213.
xora-mlmrw, nr. xilsrmenoy [eurteerou,
$20 0]: fall down, A 593,
xevamAfows, or, pass, karexAijyy?
(strike down),,fill with dismay ; with
ace. of specification, [ 31.
saramnicee * crouch down, cower.
sare-pite or xapplte, nor, xurépifer:
caress, wiroke, A B61, B 428,
$200.
rare-pple: jluw down. S19,
xararxopin: —unrapping herself,
scrapped; aor, partic, of xaréeuy
hold down, enrelop, Cf mndwpapévy.
wora-rlOqpt, aor, xardyxe and nur
Berto : fay own, set down, T2938,
ware-pirabsy (Gohov) : Ly tribes.
wara-xto, aor. xaréyemy (§ 48 b=
‘pour down, shower, let fall. % 134,
warsPirero (85 18 i, 50 db): went
back; aor. of earaBaiww, go down.
Z 288,
kar-450 anid karaBbovro ($9 45 i, 60H):
aor. of xurabiin, go down, enter,
rarariDnu, lay down. Td.
hres, partic. marwien > come dover.
rordene: aor, af xuraxnin, Ourm
$484,
wardera and Karderave acl
wratey [earexrddyour) pi
of maruxreivo, slay, B G02, B 558,
xar-dtuey [xareAdelv]: aor. inf. of
natépxopat, come down. Z 100,
weardvevrey: or. of auravete, noi.
carbrproy, subjy. nuramépyy: aot.
slew. TP 281, % 186,
koréméw : aor. of xarampyvyn, fic
down fir, %23.
rarewMfiyn: aor. past of entae
whjvow, fill with dismay, T 31,
rarapiims, 20%. antypore: tear down?
aor. intrans sell. E92.
wardpeey: vor. of marap%w, caress.
xaraptew: herp back, detain. % 818.
wurdpxopor, aor. fal. earpheon
wareABiev [xaredSdiv] = come dover.
renee dle: devour, eat up. T 25,
wereveite, aor. pass, eareiaoby
[earevvdotipray) : pass. lie down.
wartuway: sor. of ataxia pour
dou, $484, ZS,
corte
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD
wordye, aor. partic, «uracyoudry:
Nold down, powess; mid, partic,
wrapping herself, wrapped. TAL9.
nor-fAulow : aor, of marépxopae
ner-qride, ipl. xaryméwvro (ime
05) : soothe, still, quiet, BAT.
worehpome: fell; aor. of xarepedmo.
war-hrtie: aor. of karerfia, devour.
narndely : shame, humiliation,
nar-reGea: fom. partic, of adrapie
warlorxw: mid. keep for (Uhy)self
nadua, -aros (nad, caustic): burning
heat. xariyaros Hf + out of (in con
sequence of) the heat, E 865,
aierreipa (Kale), fom. adj.: burning,
scorching. 2 842,
Kasorpios: Cajjetrivs, a river in Asia
Minor which empties into the san
near Ephesus. B 461.
xairés: by cragia (rare in Homer)
* for nul abrds (thy)self, too, § 26,
[wed- or xaw-}, perf. partic, xem
dyra: breathe out, gasp. FE 608,
xi(v) : enclitic particle, modal ady.;
omsentially equiv, to dy, indicating
@ condition, é is sboub four
times ne freq. as dy, ond is pre~
ferred esp. in affirmative sentences.
See dy,
Kedtqs: son of Ceas, Troczonus, &
Thracian, B 847.
(o)xeBdvvis, nor. dxidacwe, aor.
pass, partic, xelacBévres: seatter,
shatter, B 398, B88.
wi, adv. there. Of. ded. T 402.
vaipas, impf. (xara: tie. T 195.
mene (neiuae) t trecenure stored up.
7.
vatvos [inelvos] 3; that owe; that, hex
SVee
75
swurds [revds] 3: empty, 4181,
wacare (ine), adv. thither, 410.
xacdfovre: aor, of xifopau, draw
tack, $413 « AAOT,
xexacpive : excellent } perf. partic. of
raivymar, excel. & 380,
sexadnére, perf. partic, : breathing out,
gnsping. E698,
ndxharo : aor, of Kédopas, call, bid,
wordnyde: perf. partic. as pros. of
rAdLo, shriek, yell, shoul. B 501,
rickqpar porf., Kedyeg fut. perf.
pase. of adi, call. D188, A Ot.
wéchvre: aor. of mAvu, hear, § 43 e.
wbcuneo ind, mexunin (§ 49 2) par
tic.: perf, of xduvw, am weary.
wexoprpdvos : helmeted, pointed; perf.
partic. of xoptrou, equip with hele
met, B02,
wedarvebfis, ~iv (wedmaris, wichos): in
dark clouds, cloul-wropped (ot
Zeus), dark, B412, 4 110.
werauvés = dark, black. A 303.
wOuavdos, pl. welevda: way, path,
woebo, fut. eceiow, aor, dxOevoa:
bid, command, direct, order; with
day, or socusative. B28,
eidowas, nor. (2)xierero (§ 48 €): idl,
order, urge} treq. with dative.
nevep-nvent -é¢1 goailed on, spurred
om. ET.
xivrwp, -opos (Kivrpor, center):
(goader), driver of horses, Cf.
Fhijforos, lmephéra, temdbagios.
a1,
wapatte > lay waste, slay. ¥ S57.
wleopos (ceramic): curthenware, jars
76
[nphoviui], pres, subjy. mid. xipor
rat mix. 4260,
wepao-gios (Gu): (hurnpolishiny),
bowmaker. A110,
eapads: horned. 24.
‘alos, -u0s, pl. ipa (cornu): horn.
eapBadsd-ppov («ipbos, ynjv): wnning-
minded, crafty, A 19.
wipbiov: betier, more advantageous.
wlpSurror: cruftics, shrewilest,
suprophe: mock, revile, B 256,
waprdpuoe: mocking, cutting; as pl.
subst. reeiling words, Seo on ASA,
rrvdéve and eeiBe (hide): conceal.
xubah= heal, stature, civ reba-
Agee: “ with their lives.” 4162.
Kahaddanes, pl: Cephallenians, the
subjects of Odysseus, B 631,
A 320
keryapoinro : nor. opt. of yn‘pu, refoice.
HW ML Aw
wexodsreran: sil! be angry: fut. perf,
‘pass. of yoddw, anger, A139.
wixero: plph. of xfu, pour, B19.
efor, ne ! grief, worrav, woe, BAS.
wie (hate): distrear, cause grief lo 5
mid, grieve, care for, with gon, A
196, B27,
xforr arrow. A 58, 383,
‘efip, gen. anpés, Ex: fate,death, A228,
vefip, 00. oppor (xapBi, CON, heart), n.1
heart, as seat of emotions. For
the periphrasis [lvAaqdvers Adoww
jp,“ thonbagyy-hearted Pylaeme-
nes," see $16 d.
son the coast of Euboes,
B 538.
short, -tnos: eral, the onty official
attendant of the king. A 391.
VOCABULARY TO THE
xnpicow: proclaim, call by prockawm
tion. BSL, 443,
xqrieea: alounding in ravines.
Epithet of Lacedaemon. B 581.
Endieis, ~Gos: Cephisian. “Kyporis
Agury: the later Lake Copats, in
Bovotin, E700.
Eqdieds: Phoclan river whieli
owptios into Lake Copals, B522.
aenaBing, ec: fingrant. % 483.
wepdans, cou, ev? sweetamellings
wiapis, cog cithara, lyre. Of. dip
psy. (rijpa is not Homeric.)
tog, fotne: playing on the
Lyre, skill with the lyre. B G00.
row frew (mwhéw): call, summon, name,
Bis,
Kixoves, pl: 8 people on the south
ecoust of Thrace, B 448,490 ff
Kdwas, pl: Citicians, but not the
historical nation of that name,
In Homor’s time they lived in
Greater Phrygia near Troy, in two
nations. One king, Eétion, An
dromache’s father, reigned at
‘Theba. % 306 ff. Another,
Mynes at Lyrnessus, B 090 ff,
Koda: Citla, small town near Troy,
Aas,
xiv, nor. subjy. sénjoy, aor. pase
KirGGn (nim): move, drives pam
move (him)slf, go, Bde PTL
edrypas; intrans, moce, 4281,
x(ov: impf. of xia, ga. Z 492. *
Eseon(s, lox (§ 39 9): danghter of
Cises (a Thracian), Theino, wife
‘of the ‘Trojan Antnor. % 299,
woxdrm fub, xopjrecbuy sor. max
auro, aor. subjy. niet [ray] Oe.
|
FIRST SIX BOOKS
partic, xnpjmeov: find, came to,
overtake. A 26, F187, % 341
ts, partic. xuby, impf, xle(v) + go.
rayyh + clang, twang, clamer.
wrayyn-Boy, adv.: with loud cries.
B 463,
dtu, aor, Tehaygay, port, partie.
as pres. neskyyws (clangor):
shriek, shout, yell, ring. B51.
wratw (oul): weep, wail. B 203,
wavrés (wAdos) J: famed, renowned,
itlustriow, % 227,
KMos, -cos (clopo): fame, gloriy
report.
wederrns (lift): thief. T 11.
whine, aor. EAaper: soal, gain by
stealth, am sealthy, am deceiiful.
Knwwval, pls Cleonae, in Argolis,
not far from Corinth. B70.
Ants, Tox (olavis): Ley, collar bone.
Z0,
xdtpor: lot, 325,
aXive, nor, Zedivas, perf. partic. Ke
rApdvos, nor. pass. den (cline,
Jeren) : lean, turn aside, prt to flight =
pase. bend axle (or back), rev.
romdauivos Aluvy: tiving next (an)
the jake, darwin. mockysévor: leaning
on their shields. © 708.
Ry tent.
Ag,
0 310.
whéves: ttunult, confusion. B 167
wh00 aor, inv, of nliw, hear. ABT.
KAvpévq: attondantof Helen. 1144.
Bavrapvierpy: wife of Agaren-
OF THE ILIAD a7
non, A118. According to the
later atory, she was danghter of
‘Tyndareis and Leda, and sister
of Helen. During Agamemnon’s
absence she proved unfaithful to
him, and (with bis cousin, her
paramour, Aegixthus) slow hin
on his return to Grete. (Kuru
pHorpy, without y, seems to have
been the original form of the
pame.)
‘Bavrios: Clytins, brother of Priam.
rut.
Avrécrwdoe! with farmed horses.
Epithet of Tades. EB O54.
whvrés (Inclutus, mAie, «Ados):
Samed, glorious, magnificent,
Avro-ricens: of glorious art. A B71.
wdvré-rofee: of renownerd bor.
whi, aor. TrAve inv. «AiO, ere
and Kévre («Agos)? Aear, give ear
to my request, A 37, B56.
whepaxterve: rocky. B20.
wrdgas, aos! darkness of evening.
erfun: shin bone, T9390,
seryits, Bos: grees, thin guard, a
bent thin plate of metal (or #
wrapping of leather) which yro-
teoted the lower part of the log
from the bump of the shield as
well as from missiles, Tt was
fastoned at the ankle hy hooks or
buckles (émurgijp). Tho greave
78 VOCABULARY TO THE
seems to be one of the most ehar-
aotariatio parte of the armor of
the Achaeans, for they ane called
EonvripuBes "Ayauoi, Seo Gipng.
xvton; savor of burnt offerings, fat.
Kywode: Cnosus, obief city of Crete,
B 646, 2591.
wothog or wéihos (caus) 3: hollow.
owpéim, NOT. koyiiravro (xcept): Loy
to reaty mid, lies ner, lay down to
ret, AATO,
xopave: command, rule. B
207.
Kolpavos: a Lycian. E O77.
xelpavos: ford, ruler, BAST,
okdv: for wovdedr, sheath.
A Ind. %
woddaris (glue): well joined, careR
well built.
wodwos (gulf) = bosom, gulf. Z 400,
wolgde: scold, brawl, B 212,
noddvq (collis): Aili, height. B 812.
wodyée! broveling, quarrel. A 875.
ope (nojun, cumet) > have tong hair.
ndpy sonswrres: long-haired. Sav
Bev Kopswvres: with ong back hair
(the front hair being cut short),
See on B 11.
py (coma): hair, T55.
wonthe, aor, (2)ajuroe aor, imy.
xépuoat: attend to, earo for, take
up, A504, T 878,
xevafiiw and Kovafiifw, nor. noir
av: resounil, ring, B S94.
sovin (cia): daw, B 150,
covteadon : cloud of duet, eddy of dust,
Képwtos: Corinth, B S70. The
old name of Corinth was Ephyra.
HELMET
dpe (ncipy) = temple of the head,
Kopwi-aloos: ervat-iaving, gleaming-
crested. Epithet of Hector. T 63.
eépvs, vos, fem, : helmet. Tt bas a
plume of horse hair, and ie thas
called Ermoups. Cf. trmoyalrys,
lwwodiowa. Prob, it did not far
EARLY HELMET
nish the protection for the nose
and cheeks which the later Greak
(socalled Corinthian) — helmet
gave. Seo Bipyf.
xopiews, perf. puirtlc. sexopudulor:
équip with helinet, equip, rouse to
conflict; mid, equip myrelf, rouse my
self nexopwOnivos xaAnp: equipyred
with bronze, Eronzeshelmeled, bronze
pointed. & A495.
nepweris : helmeterl, armed; & 467
opudph (xipvs) * xummait, crest, A408,
Kopubsomas: am crested, lower. A #20.
Kopemaa : Corania, a Boootinn town,
southwest of Lake Copnts, B 503,
xopérn (corona): Avok, at the end
of the bow, for the bowstring.
Ait.
xopurls, -idor (curvus): curewt, of
=
FIRST SIX HOOKS OF THE ILIAD
the ships with curving bow aud
stern. (See dududiroa.) B71.
Képevos: a Lapith. B 740.
roo ple, A0t, Korpyae(y), MOF, pres,
ba papier (Leo prOqruv) (mbapos) +
arrange in order, draw up (in Line),
marshal. Attic wimow. § 17.
Koapiirep, -opos (woopdw) > marshal,
commander. 16, T 236,
xéopos: order, onterly arrangement,
decoration. wavic xéepoy: fitly.
korda, aor, subjy. coréreerae [eord
oyras § 80 a]; «an angry, Feel wl
jen anger. A V1.
norfiaus, cova: angry. B 19h.
néves: anyer, grudge, hate. On ASI.
xordq: (cup), hip joint, 300,
xowkedy oF KoAeiv: sheath, A 220,
x0%pm (xépy]: maiden, girl, daughter.
xovplbws 3: medided. A 14.
rotipos [xpos]: male child, you
yourig man, With soto. “Ayauiiy =
youths of the Achacans; of. vies
"Ayu. A ATO.
xoupdrapos: younger, srongers
Kéas: soe Kiss, Cos.
kpably: see anpBiy, heart, A B95.
xpaiatrw [apalrw), aor. imy. xprpyvow:
accomplish, perform, fulfill A
xparnv’, ace. odv.: sifily, B22,
xpaumvds i}: rift: % 505,
Kpavin: an island to which Paris
took Helen from Sparta. E445,
epavads 3: rugged, rocky. T 201.
Kpémados: Curpathu, an island
between Crete and Rhodes,
BOTH.
xparauds (npdros) 9: mighty. EB 88.
parepés OF aprepés (§ 331) 3: strong,
79
sully, stern, griewowe, Comp,
xpdros, cos: strength, might, wictory.
kpttés: gen, of xdpp, head. ET.
xpias, -aros, pl. pix (eruor, nme):
meat, flesh. A345,
xpiicowy, ov (kparepds) : stronger,
move mighty, superior, A 80,
xpelav, -ovrog: ruler, prince, king.
xptrywos: good, finvorable. A 106,
eptvow : sor. im. of apatmivo.
Kptuy, wus: a Messenian. B42.
phy: spring, fountain. Cf. power.
Kptns, pl: Creans. B 645.
Kota: Crete. BOM.
Kpfrrybev: from Crete. 2 293.
renthp, fips (xpdvvuyi)= mixing
bowl, bowl, in whieh the wine was
mixed with water, before it was
served. A 470, Z 528,
epi [xptthj}, indocl.: barley. E196,
xplve, aor, Ixpiner (xperie cero):
separate, sf apart, Kelect, arrange,
interpret; mid. mensure strength.
Z 188.
Kpiea: ancient town in Phocia, near
Delphi, B 220,
xpoaive: clatter. % 507,
Kpordana, pil: on Ithaca, B 632,
Kpovitys and Kpovtay, wos: son of
Cronus, Zeus, A S28, 552,
Kpsves: Cronus, Saturnus; father
of Zour, Peoridon, Hades, and
Hera. Z 139.
xpérades: temple of the head.
kpowrds (xpijvy) : spring, ater xouree.
Pa
kpebug, enon, -e: chilling. E740.
kpymrdbios (wpiirrw) 3: secret. Rpy
rriBurt seever plans, A 542,
KpSwra : Paphlagonian town. BS55.
rerdpeven inf, werdve ind., renipeves
‘pas, partic.: aor, of ere’vw, slays
wrdap, dat. pl. eredrecow: pl. prope
erty, poweexsions, F154.
Keriaros; an Bpéan. B 621, 4 709,
wrive, or. subjy. xeeivys, aor.
(Serave(v) and dera, aor. mid. as
past. xrduevos: slay, hill, Rarely
used of killing beasts, E28,
rerfipa, -wros (xno) < possession,
treasure. Cf. eriap, evjoue.
werfows, wor: property. E158,
weror: ram, 1196,
wsdveog : dark bine, dark. A 598.
KUGulve (nidos): glorify, make magnifi>
cent, strengthen, E448.
KUBAA\oe: renoroned, glorious,
Kibe-drape (drip)! man-ennobling.
wUBdw: glory, boast. % 509.
wtGerros (xidos) tb: mast glorious,
KeBouids © tonnull, E593,
xibes, -cos: glory, splendor. A 279,
rund: stir, mix. E905,
wivda, pl. (nvieAos, wheel, eyele) :
wheels, E722.
wundéwe: round adoul, A212.
xunho-reptis, -é: circular. xuehorepts
tokov Eraver i he atretched the bow
until it became round. A 124.
winvos (Cygnus): saw, BAGO.
wunbuves: partic. of xvede, stir, mix-
Kwd\fvy: Cyllene, » lofty mountain
in northern Arcadia. B 603.
keipa, arog: mane, billow. A 48%.
VOCABULARY TO THE
evn, (ion): dlogskin (cap), cap,
helinet, Of. Boety, mupBuréy.
xiv: dat, pl. of axiuy, tag.
ved, aor, atve: kiss, 2 ATA,
Kovog: the harbor of Opus, B61,
xuvdra (voc, A 159) and uvime,
bos, fom, (fo) = dogefacert, shame
less, T 180,
Kuwopurotus, “wroy: town under
Nestor’s rule. B 593.
Kumdpurros: Mhocian town, B 519.
wimddov: beaker, cup, goblete Cf.
Béras. A 506.
Kémpys, «dos: Cypris, of Cyprus.
By-name of Aphrodite, E422,
wéere, aor, partic. mipavre: stoop,
ippa, arog: prey, booty, spoil Cf.
the nse of axipaas in 123, and Zap.
coprést rounded; bending. | B/218,
etpo, aor. partic. chance
upon, fait in with find. T 23.
dere: nor, of xurda, Kies, Z ATA.
veternig, -1082 bladder.
Kérupes :
E 67.
a Papblagonian town.
y in northern ‘Thessaly.
itov, in, curds, dat. pl evperow
(canis hound): dog. hound, Dogs
wory the scavengers of the camp
and the city, and often preyed on
the bodies of the alain, ‘They
‘wert to the oriental mind the per
sonification of shamelessness,
Kéwas, pl: town on the north of
Lake Copats in Boeotia. B02.
adeq! Jill of aeword. A210.
Kas or Kéug: Cor, an island in the
Tearian Sea, near Caria, BOT.
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD
A
Adag; an old city in Laconia, B586,
daa, dat. pl. Adeoor: stone. T 80.
AéBe [Trae], Aaférnv: wor. of Aape
Biv, take, cise, A887.
AS Ppoe (AnpSdvin)= violent, Hmpetnons.
Aayxdrw, aor. Adyower (Adxos)s re
ceive by lot, receive as my portion.
ABapridine: 20m of Ladrtes, Odysseus,
T 200,
Adfopmn (Aap Bdvw): seize, take, claxp.
with Adgerv: took back. A 357.
ASBpy (Aavidiver): secretly. B O16.
Aéflopa, acr subjy. of Aavidve:
forget. % 286.
Aathasp, «anos, fem.: lempest. A 278.
Aduwos (Adas): of'Hone, IST,
Aauefrov: target, light shield. It fe
called mrepéer, winged, as lighter
than the dois, Prob, it had no
outer layer of metal, but was of
rough untanned leather. Often
it may have been only a akin
thrown over the left ara, E453.
Sco the cut of the aegis (afyls).
-ove: Lacedacmon. Tt
is called xo(Ay, hollow, ax Torming
a basin between Mt, Taygetns on
the west and Mt. Parnon on the
east by north. B S81.
DopPéve, nor. E{A)AaBe and AdBe=
accept, take, size. Cf. Maton
Aprende, partic. Aquwerdavre (Ade
rw): shine, gleam. A LOL.
Adpmos: brother of Priam, T L47,
Aawrpds (Adjumu) 3; bright, shining,
Aapmpdr: brightly; nout, adverb,
Miparw (lamp): shine, gleam, flash.
81
Aavédve, wor. Adéer, rodupl. nor. Neda
Govro, port, NéMuerras (Lnb00, AO):
eacape notice ; mid. forget, E 834,
Cf. Nib.
Rak (leg), adver with Me fool. Cf
bad
AnoSéuna : daughter ot Bellerophon;
alsin by Artemis. 2 197 ff.
ABobien: Lavdico, daughter of
Priam, 1 124, % 262,
ABé50ne5: son of Antoncr, 4 87.
Aaopsbovmdine ($39 j)= son of
Loomedon, Priam, 1250,
-ovros: Laomedon, king of
‘Troy, father of Priam. E209
Mads [ess, § 28]: people, folly tap.
Sighting men, solitiery. The pl. is
used like the singular,
Aamépn: flank (below the ribs).
Adptra: Pelasgian town in Acoli
near Cyme. B 643.
Adee 3: shaggy. B S01.
Aaxvq: wool, weolly hair, of the hair
ot Thersites, 1B 2!
daxvians, eros: Aairy, shaggy.
Adxoper: aor, of Aayydew, receive ax
my portion. A 49.
Ayopas, aor. AéGera (Adxos): fay
myself lo rest, tie, & 181,
Adys, aor, inf, Néardu, nor, pmas.
2Aéyqv (lego): collect, count, re
count, rehearse.
Analvw, nor, partic. Acajras (Adios) z
smooth, polish, 2 V1.
dulPw (Lib) + pour a libation (wef).
Aepder, Gross tnealow, mead.
Datos (LAvER) 3: smooth, S484,
Yalowrs: dat. pl. of Aéwy, tion.
datirw, sor. (Z)Adror, perf. Aédouren,
$2 VOCABULARY TO THE
pipt. terarro (linquo, leave) =
Leaee, depart from, leave behind ;
mid. remain behind, an left.
Aaprb-eis, ecrra (Aeipior, ily): lily like,
lily (i.e. delicate as tho color of
the lily). 1152.
MAébovro aor, Maeras perf: forget;
mid. of Aavédvw, escape notice.
MAtpuo: am eager. évos :
eagerly, impemmously. & 465.
Mrourey; pert. of Anim, leave.
Acovreéa, jor: one of the Lapithae;
& Thessalian leader. B 745.
Merabve, pl: droad wraps which
paswd under the necks of the
horses and held fast the yoke.
Merw, aor. Dhape: ( peel), strip.
Asdeos: companion of Odysseus,
A491,
Adumte (1x, look’) 3: white, bright,
gleaming. T 109, E 503.
Mun-dhevos (dAévy, ulna, ef!) : white
armed. pithet ot Hera, (Inthe
Homerie dress the woman's arma
were bare.) Of, Bosime.
Mtoow (Acunds) s see, look, behold.
Aexe-moiqy, 00.2 grausbedded, grass
in the rulidat of meadows, B
Axes, dat. pl. Aeyéeorow (nots, tie):
couch, bed. ABI.
Myowsbe: fo the bed, D447,
Moy, -ovror, dat. pl. Aefoueer: lion.
Aye, aor, Afgev: cease, ceare from,
give up, Prog, with ablatival
genitive,
Min (Lethe): forgetfulness.
Aflor: a Pelusgian. B S43.
Aide (Andy): equiv. to Aarédew, e-
cape notice ; mid. forget, A 496,
Bis.
Miter: standing grain, B1AT,
Afires: Boootian leader. B 404.
Aguvos: isind in northern part of
the Acgncan Sea. A 603, B 722,
Affav: nor. of Aypym, cease, Z 107,
Anréd, Anrois; Leto, Latona mother
of Apollo and Artemis. A9,E 447.
Audtopos, aor. partic. Awmadeie: tun
avide, withdraw one's self. A949,
Auyloe (Anyi), aly. : clearly, TP 214,
Myf. aor. : sung, of a bow, & 126,
Auywpde B: shrill, piping. B 526.
Alor: sione. Cf. Adas. Z 24,
Apdo: winnow,
Awxiynes: uncle of Heracles, alain
hy Tlepolemns, B 063,
Adaie: town in Phocis, at the source
of the Cephima B 523.
Auralopar (List): desire, am eager fore
Aunty, Gos: Aarbor, A432,
Rigen: lake, B 805,
Alvbos; town on Rhodes, B 656.
Aivo-épnf, mo: with Linen doublet,
Nivov (linen): (flax, thread), net,
Avwapés 3: (oily), Shiny, bright, beau
tiful. Bd.
Aisa(y), AvrtoOas: aor. of Aetna,
Aewopai, impf. (&A)Mowero (§ 30 b),
nor, inv, Aone (litany): entrant,
beseech. A 15, 304.
Dovfi4 (AciBu): Libation, drink offering.
Of: oxox. S48.
Rolytos: dreadful, hurtful. A S18,
Aovyds : destruction, ruin, death.
Rowwds: pestilence, plague. A Oly
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD
Aoxpol, pl: Lovrians, B 527.
Aes, aor. Aoiwey or Adarer, perf.
mid. Achovpévos (1.0): wash, bathe;
mid. bathe (one’s reff’). 6, 905,
Aégos: crest of helmet; generally
made of horae-hair, See Bipnf.
Aéxov-be: to.an ambuscaide. A 227.
Déxos (Aéxox) : place of ambush, ame
miserable, dreary),
P 416, B 158,
E 763.
death-bringing.
Avypae: grievously.
Mbq= aor. pass, of Avo, loore,
Aepor: gore, defilement, Cf. Ata.
Avxarros: Cretan town. B 647.
Avader: Lycion. (1) Son of Priam,
Tass. (2) A Lyeian, father of
Pandarus, B 826,
Auxy-yorys, dow: epithet of Apollo,
prob. ‘child of the tight” (lux).
A101.
Aveiq: Lyeia. (1) On the south
coast of Asia Minor, between
Caria and Pamphylia, B 877.
(2) A district near Troy. E 173.
Avain-Ber: from Lycia. E105.
Avalqvbe: to Lycia. % 108.
Admoy, ph: Lycians, commanded by
Sarpedon. B 876
Avxdopyos:
Throcian
Asnog (Iupus) =
Avxros: Cretan town, B 647,
Rona, -aroe (AvOpov): filth, defile
ment.
Avprqewds: town in the Troad, not
far from ‘Thoba. » B 690.
bw, fut, Abow, aor, (E)ADow, perf.
Auras, aor. pass. AvBy (lovee) t
wolf, A471
A232,
ult, ara insolent,
Aéfm = shame, disgrace. T 42.
AeBiartip, pos + insolent fellow.
Audtay, ov > more desirable, more profit-
able, better; comp. of dyabos.
durée: clover, food for horsus, —not
to be confounded with the food
of the lotus eaters. B776.
nd (dv, pir): particle of usseverae
tion, with the ace., which prob,
depends on a verb of swearing
implied. In affirmative assevera-
tions val ui is used. 06 wa yp
*AmddAuwa: no, by Apollo! val pat
708e oxjatpov: yor! by Wile scephars
A 56, 234.
Méyryres, pl. : Thessalians dwelling
near Mt. Pelion, B756.
patée: nipple, breast. A 128.
paler: nor. of warfhivw, arn. ZAM,
Meander, river near
Hawphe, nor. maieqres am eager, am
imperuous, rage. B 670.
patrowas (20s, manix, macnad) rare,
rnge, am frantic, Z% 182,
Malor: « Thoban, son of Haemon,
3 304 ff,
pdxap, <apos (macte) = blessed, happy.
paxps B: long, Aigh, tall, pwaxpd
sind pnxpév: adv. paxpa Bias:
with long strides. yaxpoy ecrers
shouted afar, i.e. shouted aloud.
4.
Bt VOCABULARY TO THE
paha, odv. (pike, molior): excved-
ingly, very, readily, thoroughly, by
all wees, allogether, GAA judAa =
But aurely.
poraxss (mulceo) 3: soft, genile.
(A 582.
padurra spar. = expecially, most of all.
BAAR, Conf. | mure, rather.
why [wre]: in truth, indeed, B70.
pavidvw, nor. pate: learn, Z 444.
pavredopas (ydvres) i an a seer proph-
way, prasict. B 300.
Merrwin: Arcadian town, B 007.
dena: seer, svolhaayer, augur, who
foretold the future chiefly from the
flight. of binds.
pavrecivg: yift of prophecy. A 72.
wapyatve: rage, wm furious, I B82,
meraire gleam, shine, sparkle.
a Sight, contend. % 256.
eeeret Cea) wien. A338,
Pr 260,
Méeqs, -yros: town in Argolia,
B 502, ‘$
pocrite, aor. pdurrigert (ash, whip.
pong, yes, fem: lash, whip. E226,
parée, aor. subjy.
buck, delay. E
wéxaipa. (udixn?): dagyer, large knife,
used in waorifier, 271.
Maxdwv: son of Asslepius (Aewou-
lapius); @ surgeon from Thos
saly. B782, A 193 ff., A S06 ff,
waxéopan: eee pubyopmn,
waxy: battle, conflict; field of batite,
E355. pdyg: in batite.
waxariis: warrior, soldier, fighter.
pAXopaL oF paxlopar, ful. paycjeroyat,
poriererov i hold
nor. payneripeda and xyieracrBas
Sight, contend. ¥ 43%, % 329,
pay, ady.: dhoughtlesrly, oxinly, to
no purposs. B 120, B 750.
woyiBloe : foolishly, thoughtleasly.
wt ace. of dd, I. $42 a
péya, adlv. qualifying all degrees of
comparison + greally, oigghtity, cory
for, A158,
peyi-Bopoe: greatsouted, higheminded.
Epithet of mon and peoples,
peyalpe (udyas?): gruilge. A 64.
peyida, aly. : greatly, peydid’ ebyere:
foudly prayed, A 450, 482.
beyed-frop, pos: greabhenrted,
courayeous, % 283, 395,
weyapor: large rown, main halt (in
the conter) uf the howre ¢ pla adwelle
ing, howe, palace, Z 377. Seo the
plate opposite page 43 of Text.
wbyan, meyiAry wero. (mm ag HLS, MHEEh) +
great, farge, tall, mighty. Comp,
pela, superl. merase. A short
vowel is sometimes lengthened
before this stem. § 50h.
whys, eos: vie, height. B G27,
pros: son af Phylous, loader
ns. 1B O27, BOO,
Meieiv, -dvos: town in Boeotia,
B 501.
jublur, -ovros (piov): ruler, ruling,
only of Zeus. 1 276.
pibopes (mediter): care fir, give
head to (with gum.), contrire, Gf
piopas,
Miter, cores: son of Olleus, half
brother of Ajax, slain by Acneas.
B 727, N 003 f., 0 392 ff,
pber ; counselor, leader, captain,
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD 85
wat-dddowan, aor. partic. jeniduoros :
apring ofier, leap upon. E 388.
peels [ye6%, § 52 c] subjr., paddper
[peBeivac] inf: vor. of Binur, fet
90 give up, surreniter.
peO-trw: driee afier; with two aoou-
satives.
petiper, over: alack, yicdding.
petdgus, aor, aubjy, peBeiw, aor. inf,
pebipev: let go, give up, surrender 5
intrans. draw back, gice ways
peBstornpt, imp. peBioraro: mid,
tnke one’s plare among. BM.
ponte: aasociate with. A260,
patde, aor. welinoe (smile): smile.
peter: comp of wéyus, great, large,
tall, mighty. A 107.
patdwvos (iudAoos, jedi) 3; shen,
of uh. E855.
pacdhcuoe (ud) 3: dine, frienuily.
petra: nor, of jedrw, remain, await.
palpopas, perl. Supope (§ #8 h) (mépor)=
receive ax a portion.
paler, -ovoy (ininor): [ees shorter,
comp. of juxpde, little, short. B23.
pAalpor: ceiling, roof, house. Of.
tectum. Balt.
pahalrw (uéhus); blacken, stein a dirk
color ; in E354, ate dark red,
Middvbor: a Trojan. Z 80.
WSs, weave, wavs black, dark.
Comp. peddvrepos. A 277.
Medlaypos: Meleager, son of Ooneus,
loader of the Caledonian bunt,
B 642, 1 54a ff,
psy arog (mol): Aoney. A 240,
Maifou: uo Thesslian town in
Magnesia, B17.
padi: ath, ashen spear (sc. dye).
Hedenits, “és: Avnepreeet, AUG,
pidvrwa (pidt)= bee, BST.
veidpun, -oros: heartrejoicing, of
wine (£264) (cf: Bebpuw P 246);
refreshing, of sleep (B14).
pAKe: am cestinest, om about,
plow (juédoe) + ving (the praines of).
pO, fut. podsjou and pedipreran,
part. pda: om a care, am on
object of cancern, (1) The abject
‘of concern is put in the nom, and
the person who feels the concern
in the dat. (2) The verb is
fnpors. and takes the object of
concern in the gen. B25,
won, pert: am eager, rash on im
petuourly. papasres: eager.
peaxvia, perf, partic, of pnxiiopas
Uoating, A435,
péavqpas (inemini): remember; perf.
of pxprijonuy remind, E268.
wépova, port. (pévor) = srive, am eager,
piv, a weaker form of jv: (1) ine
deed, in truth, (2) Correlative
with 8 helping to mark the cons
tmst between two clauses, Cf.
perro.
penaive (aires); am eagerly desicons,
“thirst” D879,
Merdaos; Menclaas, king of Sparta,
won of Atrous, brother of Agu
memmnon, and husband of Helen.
B 40s, 586 ff, T 21 M1, 200 ff,
AOL, 244 M., 11311, P45
He is called dpyidudos, Aaiy dya-
6s, fuvtiis (lorenyhaired), He
wandered for elght years aftr
the capture of Troy before re-
turning with Helen to hie home,
7276 #8 351 The Fourth
Book of the Odyssey gives an
necount of the visit paid by
Odysseus’ son ‘Telemachu to
Menclaus at Sparta.
pavemrshapon: xtanding firm in battle,
brave. B7A0, Z 29.
Mevestets, jos: son of Pétoos, and
loader of the Athenians. B 652.
Moistys; a Grok, E 600,
+ 4on of Menootius, Pa-
troclus. A 307.
pros, -cos: might, courage, prowens,
spirit, fury. A 207, 252.
pvw, aor, (Z)ueuma (1.800) = remadn,
await, A 585.
Mpnnplte, Hor. pepaypuie > am une
decided, om in perplexity, ponder,
A 189, E671,
wipones, pl. : mortal, mortals, A 250.
Mipop, -oros: m swor of Peroote,
BSS.
Mis@kns: loader of Maconians,
B a6,
pleas : 200 paroys, midis, A481,
Méron : town in Laconia. BS82.
parorqyis (jcradel), addy. : between.
Merenls, -ior (se. xiv): 0 apring
in Thessaly. % 457,
pio(ejos (medius) 3; middle, in
the midst. 78 pdsovs the milille,
midst
prep. + amung, after,
(1) With dat
the midst of:
(2) With ace. into the midst of,
‘among (as with dat,, B 143), after.
If sometimes implies change.
era. 8 éxpdrero:: he turned around,
VOCABULARY TO THE
Hera-Bpopébqy (Spdyios), adv.: par
suing, running after. E80.
pera\Ae, nor. jerd Array (motel) =
ask about, inquire after. E516.
perdApoos : aor. partic. of jebhir-
Aap, spring after, leap upon.
wera-ndtion (uakie): between the
(nipples) breauts. BO.
perapdmes in vain, col, A363.
peragi, addy. ; between, Only A 156,
pera-mplew: an conspicuous, am «mix
nent wnong. BOT9.
1 ruth after, hasten
afer. % 206,
Berarrphropat, mide; turn saguelft
toward give heel to. A Y60,
peroxide, impf. jeryiSa: speak
among. B100.
perdnpmat, Aor. uerécarow: peak
among. B 838.
pere-ppétopas, fut. peradpdoropae t
consiiler afterwards. S140.
peré-bpwvoy ! upper part of the back,
back, B 205,
perdaror [yereiror, § 43 d}: aor, of
perder, speak among.
wéroeyus, subjy, jueréyert [merg]y tute
pertrropa (eal); am among, am
between, am one of. ob
pertaverne: no respite will intercenes
wraps (els) : go after, ahall go efter.
ZA,
pereipxopes, fut, perAetoouay aor,
partic, pereAthiv: come after, come
among, come to, attend to, go afer.
perdowonas: fut. of pérepa am
among, am between, 922.
pardon: impf. of perd-gbmyady spemk
among. A 58, B All.
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD
wer-oixopar: go afler, with accusative.
per-émete(r), adv: behind, after
wards. % 68.
wiruwov (Gy): forvheal. S 400,
£0.
m0 [uot]: gow. of dd L$ 42 a
hs nogitive,
(1) Adv. not, used in com-
mands, wfc tpiite: do nat angor
me; in wishes, pip én” HOMow Sivas
may not the sun go down ; in clauses
af purpose, 3¢)pa pip dyépaarros Zon:
that I may not be seithout c prise :
in conditional clauses, 3i ne pip
Biswow: if they shall mot give; in
conditional relative clauses, ob¢
WR) wipes {Bay Bavdrovo pipovous:
whomscever the fates of deaih dick
not carry off
(2) Couj. that not, lest. py oe
mapeiry Oéris: lest Thetis persuade
you
wn, ady.: but not, ane not, not even,
nor, pnb... pybés (and not...
and not), neither... nor.
wiGoper, wor, pjouro (uéBoum,
yrjorwp): contrive, plan. % AGT.
BA Bor, coe: plan, device, B SiO.
Mntérq: Thessalinn town in Mag-
nesia. B 716.
wnxdonss, perl. partic. (as prox)
Henanvians Meal & 435.
pneedns, dvr no more, no longer.
Mynoreés, “jos: father of Euryalus.
B 566.
Myorrqdns: son of Mecisteus, Bu-
ryulus, 228,
Ads, pil: «mall caitle, flocks of sheep
‘and goats, A279,
iy, asseverative particle: indeed,
in truthe Of pebvy pry pe
py, BOM. yes (Me nsia) : munth,
piv oss wrath, enduring augers
pavie, aor, partion pyrloas: cherish
wrath, continue angry. E178.
Mporly: old name of Lydia, 1401.
Movie, -f8o5: Maeonian woman,
4142,
foe (nnpés), pl. thigh pieces.
pnpley, pl. piqpia or pijpa: thigh
piece. Part of the victim (cut
from the jsypés), which was
offered as a burnt sacrifice to the
gods,
‘Mnypiivns: a Cretan, friend of
Tdomenous. B 651, A 254,
++ nor.
wfirap, gen. parpds (inater): mother,
pnrlern: couneelor, § 848, Epithet
of Zeus; used in the nom. and
‘vocative,
parlopas, aor, subjy. wyrlropae: con
trive, plan, T 416.
wiles, “08 seinclom, counsel,
wep: stepmother. 1B 389.
Arrows, eos: mother’s Ervlher, uncle.
BAKER, cor: meant of relief kelp, Cf.
per:
Mier, oboe: Marosian, tabadtant of
Maconia. B 84, E43.
pla: fem. of ds, ow. T 288,
88 VOCABULARY TO THE
pale, aor, wobjy. jirivp, aor. pass.
mudvOyr [emudrOyoar): apot, stain.
piasévos: hlocelnstinedt, hloul-thirety.
BoM.
Tabrtye: soe piiryu.]
Mi6ac: a Borotian town, B 607,
pixpés: liltle, ahort. rur@ox and édivos
ane mone frequent,
MOyros: Miletus, (1) a Cretan
town (B 647), mother of (2)
w town in Caria, B 868,
prrermipnoss rad-cheoled, of ships
with bows painted red, while the
Juul in general was painted black
or dark. B 637.
punvétec (neve) z remain, B 392.
wpriiowe, fut, purjroum, aor, partic.
Munjoame, nor. pyjoavro, perf. as
pres. piprqpee (memint): re
mind ; oid. recall to mind, mention +
A222,
remains, avait.
perf. remember,
whnver [eran
wy, 3d pers. pron, neo. sing.: dim,
her, it (A Z 221), equiv. to
Attic abrév, abryy, abrs. § 42 a.
Muiuor = Minyan. B O11.
pinerte, udves for a tthe while for a
short time, A ALG, & 460.
piverdibuos: short lives, enduring for
wahort time. A
pavvptta : fiment, complain, whine.
pery-bynon: basin where valleys
meet. A 453,
wloye [udyre), plat. eaduuato, aor
pass, guixOqv oF ducyqr (maisceo,
miz): mix; mish mingle, join with,
eosociate with. ey Kovigrt peyeins =
show be thrown dn the dust. T 58.
pasridhe: cut infy amalt pieces,
nlrpy : girdle, brow! and of metal, or
‘of leather with motal plates, worn
on the lower part of the body,
ower the yeriv.
wxQeles aor. partic. of icryu, mix,
wwdopat, Impl. devdovro : em mindfoal,
Brie. and prfrerre aor, priropes
fut: of jupvpexw, remind, mane
tion, remenber. B 724.
prneris 3: wove, wedded, laufed,
Epithet of wins % 246,
poyle, aor, péyqras toil, suffer, em
sture hardship, B60.
wéyos: exertion, toil, X27,
potpa (népos, sacs) + fitte, Loly pro
tion, xara polpav: according
due allotment, fittingly. A 286,
howpneyertig, Ce: chill of destiny, Kent
ty Motpa at birth, 182.
podetera: aor, partic. of BAuieran, ge
podm (widow, Mefpomene): song.
popnipe: splash, E599,
Spee (j4lpor, poipn): Sate, lot.
mSpewmos (soignt): destined fated,
podves [yovos] B+ alone, B 212,
Motwa: Muse. B 454, 761.
woxOihw (5 xGox): sufier. B 723
Méybor, ows! Phrygian king. D186.
Mibur, -anos: & Paphiagoninn, char
ioteor of Pylnomenas, B 580,
wOMopaL, wor, subjv. OOrjeroquaes ne
late, tell, interpret, utter. A Th
iflos (myth) : word, utterance, saying,
proposition, plan, thought, injunction,
Cf, eros,
pula (musea): sly,
Mnidy: Carian promontory, BS6O,
Mvradqewse: Bocotinn town, Bags.
pondopar, Bor. prwov: bellon, grate,
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD 89
Mueiry : Mycene, town in Angolis;
the home of Agamemnon. B $69,
476.
‘Mivns, -yros; son of B
pupixsvos : of tmar
Muptvq > Myrina,—perhaps an Arma
won, BS. CFT 18).
pSploe (myriad ), pl: rery many, count-
less. A 2, B 272,
Mvppibives, pl. : Myrmiddona, 0 Theesa-
lian people, under command of
Achilles, A 180, 325, B 684.
popopar: mee, grieve, lament,
Mipowos: a town in Elis. B 616.
Moeot, pl.r Mysians, B S58,
puxée: inmost part, recess, nook.
paXOS= Moil, movil, straggle,
pepdopar, Sut. payrropar (ibjos) :
Blame, censure. T AL2.
warn, anos (slay Sro€)s solid dofert,
strong-hoofed. (Possibly eager
hoofed, swift.)
nus. B O92,
tamarisk, Z 39,
Nn
vai, affirmative particle: yes. Used
in.cathe, wal pd 7é8e-cxferper!
yen! by this soepter! Cf. pidy vip Sit.
vaunia or vale, iterative impf.
voerdacroy OF valeornov: dwell, in
Aahit, wm situated, Tie. Bépen te
vaversiavres : houses goud to smell in,
cumfortable. & ywaudjevo swroie-
1 wellsituated town. S45,
loader of the Caryians.
ft.
NavfoMine: son of Naubolus, Iphi-
tis, B51,
watrnt (vais): sailor, S76.
vad-dpiv ($33): from the
(axed as gen. pl.) of vgs, B74.
wrapés (nios): young, tener, B289,
wBpds : fren, A 2H).
vie now, wares date: pl. of vis,
ship. R509, T 40.
vtqas [régn § 44 A]: ubjv. 2d singsof
dopa, go, return. A 32.
wulaupe (véor?), fem. adj: dower,
valaros (réo5!): extreme, foveal.
wevee()o, Eerstive fimpl, wexelerce
(GAT 9), 0%. drelceras and veinear-
ee: recile, rebuke, chile, content,
uplrait.
wetnos, coe: strife, quarrel, consliet,
wipay: aor. of vin, dieribute,
weeds, -iBos? heap uf cures. E886,
wexpés: conpar, deal tealy. A AGT.
werap, -apor: nectar, the drink of
the gods, 3.3,
weerdpaon: stivine, heavenly, of grace
and beauty. Cf duBpdes, P 385.
weds, -vor (vexpds): corpine the
dead in the lower world. A 52,
weper{fopa: fale ill, am vexed.
apse (er )éu, 08. vepederqere andl weynior
oper (areeooriOnoay]: am angry,
am vexed, an indignant, B 228,
vbuer (os. tos = righteous wrath, ilame.
ob vewecreg® it i no comer for Mame.
ris
“ it fo excite wrath, blawe-
worthy, 1410,
vdperesg: see wdc.
wpe, nor. vey (nem ius): didteib-
ute; mid. passrss, fndobit, evel >
of cattle, pasture, graze; pas
(B80) devoured, F274.
ropa, subjy. wigue ($48 8): go
4:
90 VOCABULARY TO THE
return, shall go. Equiv. to pxouac,
Cf. véares.
wis (novus, new) 3: young, fresh,
new. Comp. vedrepos. véov, adv. +
just now, newly, afresh. A AGS,
worwds: young of birds, nestling,
woorenys, 42 just built, new.
Nerrépios 3: of Nestor, Nestor's.
Neeroplins = on of Nestor, Antilo-
ches. % 33. "
Nierwp, -opos: Nestor, king of the
Pylians, famous for his age, wis-
dom, eloquence, and skill in rar.
ahaling the army for battle,
A 247, B21, 57, 77, 836, 405, 433,
555, 601, A 293, Z 66, A 507 ff.
He |s fond of telling of his ex-
ploits, as S 318 f., H 123 f.,
A070 ff. The Third Book of the
Odyssey is devoted to the visit of
‘Telernachus, Odysseus’ son, to
Nestor at his home in Pylus.
wevph: (sinew), bowetring, 128,
wipov (neree, neuralyia): thong; pl.
bowstring. 12
vole, aor, verre (U0): nod,
vepin (vidos, nebula): cloud.
webr-nyeptra. (dryefpu) : olouehgatherer.
Epithet of Zeus. A G11. § 44).
wipes, tos (nubes): cloud.
wedrepos | of Hos, young.
wha aco. sing. was aoc. pl, wie
nom. pl.: of vyis, ship. A 308.
wnyiries: new marie, new. (Or, por-
haps, ofeaning, bright.) B43.
Wiener: sweet, refreshing, of sleep.
(Prob. falve reading for FSupnos.)
vivos (vis), adj.: of a ship. vijor
Bipu: ship timber, I 62.
mls, Bos: naiad, water nymph.
wats, ~é, dat, ype (Dreos) : pritilens,
crucl. T 202, 4 348,
Nadties 3: of Nelows, who was son
of Poseidon and father of Nestor,
B20,
wmmepris, de: unfailing, true. ep
paprés = truly, A 51M,
went (dvqnos): calm weather. vay
veins, Vinporal gen. : when no
air is stirring. EB 62%,
wie [veis, § 23 ec]: temple. Sen
adoos.
més [ves]: yen. of vada, ships
wamiaxor: young, helpless, silly.
vimos (in fans, specchless): young,
helpless, childish, foolish. B YS.
Néprrov: « woody range of moun
tains in Ithaca. B 632.
viyrot, fein: island. B 108.
vats (vais), gen. vyts [reds], nom,
Ph viper ot vies, locat, used as abe
latival gen. vatpur ($83 0) (uae
vis), £1 ship.
wind, fut. inf. vixyerduev, aor. debey
ger: conquer, gain the victory, am
victorious, prevail, surpaxs,
vtey: victory. T 457.
Nipets, jos: son of Charopus, fa-
mous for hls beauty. B (S71 Mf,
Nw: ® Boeotian town, B 508,
Niovpog: an island of the Sporadex
B70.
vie dos (nive, snow): snowflake.
h deyinncpos, 1 222,
joie aor, dvinre (vods) : perceiieg, oe
serce, look, devise, plan, am woite.
Notper, -owe: a Lycian, BOTS,
vétos J: illegitimate, bastard. B70,
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD a
Noptuy, -ovos: father of Amphima-
ehus. B 871.
vopds (vim) + pasture, posturage,
‘v60e [voile] : mind, heart, puxpose, plan.
vootée, fut. vorrjow, aor. vorrgous:
return, go home. Cf. véowas.
verte: returns, B 251,
véogs, adv. apart, separate, far from >
with gon. A S41, B 347.
voorbiZowas (wood): (urn meay from,
reject, BSI.
Néror; South wind, B15,
votes [ricos]: vioknens, plague.
v6 (viv): a weakened now.
Eng. inferential ‘now* ix
it eame to pass.’ Cf. ESL.
windy: nymph, young woman. vijupa
didy: dear lady. 1130.
viv: sow, atthe present time, just now.
viv Bf: now at length.
WE gun. ruxrds (nox), Lr night,
woe (nu ris), f: wisterindaw, brother's
wife.
Noofuov: a mythical mountain set
by the poet in Thrace, Z 133.
views, aor. vige: prick, pierce, wound.
ye nom., volv gen. and dat., ¥aC and
rénce. (n03), dual Lat pers. pron.;
toe two, ws two, § 42 a,
verapber: unceasingly, uninterruptedly,
steadfastly, A 498.
repde, nor. viipeperey (vies): distribute,
move this way and that, wield,
brandish. A ATL
vep-o, ones: flushing, bright,
virer: back, apia via Oadiowys:
the broad back of the sea, bennives
of the arched appearance which
the quict sea presents. B 908.
5
Fidvdos: Nanthus, (1) A Trojan, son
‘of Phaenops. E152. (2) A river
in Lycia. B&T7, E479, (3) A
river on the plain of ‘Troy which
‘the gods call Xenthus, but men
call it Scamander? 24, Y 73 ff.
fortis 3° yellow, tawny haired, bone.
ferfuor: guest gift, « present given
by guest or hoot as a token of
friendship. Z 218.
farle, nor. (Qfenowe: receive has
pitably, entertain. £17
fevvo-Bénos (Béxopiat) : inst, endertisiner.
1 34.
faves [Fras]: guest friend, friend,
stranger, used (1) of the one enter-
tained (4377), and (2) of his
host (Z 224), and (8) of their de-
weendants (Z215), Also, stranger.
(The initial ¢ ix thought to be a
remnant of the stem which appears
in hoatis and guest.)
ferris (Siw) 3: polished ; epithet of
hewn stone. 2244.
fw, nor. sere: (polish), hew,
thos, -e05: peor, fong sicord,
fO.ox08 (EtAov) | hiker, E 162.
fy-Biddw: bring togetter, dash tm
gether. SAG Ef; oropBidron
toy, prep. with dat: with, See evn,
tundye: bring together, collect. Tu
ford yoper “Apge? that we may join
homie, B 381,
funSle, aor. genSpoau: bin, fetter,
gevayar (elyu)> go together, A 446.
fries: common. Evra: common
Hore. Attic moves. A 124.
7
Eoretyps, Impl. pl. Ever [Evvierww,
$44 nm], aor. Evrigne (§ 43 cd) and
fives = bring together, hearken, give
ear, listen. A 8, 273, B26,
Guerin: polished shaft, spear shaft.
Oo
8 4, 76 (nom. pl. roi, 1aé, and of, at):
(2) dom. Wiis, that > freq. used for
the personal pron, he, ae, it, 8
pay. bbe: one... theother, (2)
Def, art, dhe. 74, adv, ace.: there-
fore. T 176.
8, }, rd, nom. pl. roi, rel. who, whioh,
what. Seeds. § 12 c.
bap, dat. pl. Sperow: wife, E486,
bapitu: converse famitiariy, hold con-
verse, chat, % 616.
BBAds (obelixt): spit for roasting
SBppo-epyta: mighty worker, author of
terrible deeds. E403,
SBpwpo-warpn; daughter of a mighty
father. WAT.
8Bpwwor: weighty, mighty, strong.
bybdnorra [d-ydajnovra] (Sere): eighty.
8 y6 F 76 76 76 intons. of 4,
thir, that ; he, she, A 97,
Syeos (uneus): bard, 161,
"Oyxnorés: Boeotian town on Lake
Copats; anciont seat of the wor
ship of Poseidon. B 606.
3644 (Binvw, tooth), advo: with the
teeth. @AE Aoloiare yalav: way
they “bite the dust.’ Of. Adé, mit.
854, Be, roBe, dom.r this, thie one
here.
"Oblos: leader of the Halizonians,
VOCABULARY ‘TO THE
slain by Agumemnon, B 850,
E30.
56s, fom: way, journey, A 15K,
8606s, -dvros (dens): tooth, ETA
&66vq (anodyne): pain, pang.
Burh-bares (dar): + paiwshiller,* pain-
willing. E AOL, 900,
BB 6popan : bewail, lament, lony mourn
fully, BSI.
“OBve(e)eis, jos or Kos: Oilyrectt,
T lyases, an Tthacan, hero of the
Odyrey, father of Telemachus,
B 169, 259 ff, O31 MT 192
Tie is called roAtyyres, crafty, and
rodyprjxaves, abounding in desiees.
He was one of the wisest of the
Achaoan leaders, and was freq.
sent on embussies; of: A198, 311,
1205, A 707 ff. He was a spe
cial favorite of Athens, and by
his deview of the (wooden horse
‘Troy was taken (§ 8 a).
Sbiewonm, nor, séivavre (odium)®
am angry, om vera, £188)
Gere: dat, ph of Gus, sheep, % 25,
‘Sos: shoot. branch, scion, A 234,
Vr 145,
covering, weil, but
much more of a
FIRST SEX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD 93
garment than the woman’s.veil of
modern times,
B-pag, aco. pl. Grpeyas : with fike hair.
B 765,
of, enclit., dat. Sd pers, pron. him,
her, §42 a,
otywins, impt. déyrvrro, mor. dube,
olgden : open.
elBa (eiBu) perf. an pres., 2d sing.
oleda, pl. yey [Zorper), tore, touer,
subjy. dBi, efSomer (3 454), partic.
abies, ibuigr (§ 49 9), plpf. Jn
‘Pbee, fut. Loreras, etdrjoray (ped, wit):
Know. The partie. is sometimes
followed by the gen,, as B 718,
823, dbus: skilfully,
‘olérqs, ~e5 (Zr0s) : of the same age.
bntipds 3: wretched, miserable, pitinble.
AAIl7.
digis, -oe: suffering, misery, wor,
dita: endure woe, mourn. TE 408,
oteae (olxog), adv. homeward. $33.
oles, os [olkérys]: member of
one’s hourehold. olasjes: household,
family.
otele, 007, Geyer or clayfer [rf
Oycay]: dwell, inhabit, colonize.
otkior: pl. liome, dwelling. % 15,
oto, adv.t af home. A 113.
olesybe: homeward, home. § 33 ¢.
otkos (coixos, viens wick in Nor
wich): house, home, dwelling.
"Oduts, -fjos: a Locrian, father of
the lesser Ajax. B62
olperyh (lux): a groan, A450.
sladte, aor. gawker; groan, I 364.
Olmiins: son of Oenevs, Tydons.
E613.
Otis, Fontekine of Calydon in
Actolia, father of Tydeus, and
grandfather of Diomed, 2216,
olvo-Bapts, -ée: heary mith wine, sat,
Olspecst on Actolian, E706,
Otvoriéne: son uf Oenops, Helenir.
EB Ti.
olvos (goivos, Yinuwm, wine): wine.
olvo-xole or olvoxeciw, Impl. deve
xia or oboyia (xéu): pour out
wine, pour, A 508,
olvo-xdes (iw): cupbearer. B 128,
alvoy, -omog: wrinecolored, dark red,
dark, & 350, B 771,
ofarar nor. partic, of ofyyyu, open.
cloner, Bia, oF ot: hind, Aol as an
opinima, intend. A 78, 561,
log : alone, by one's self, only,
ols 3, rel.: of whut sort, what bind
Of, what, such as, co ; with voles to
be supplied, such as with inf, olov,
nowt. soc, as adv.: how, because.
oloy dxovrar (shat he heard),
decause of what he heard.
ole, nor. pass. oldthy (clos): leave
alone, lence, desert, %1
bes, gon, dios (Opes OVI, ewe) 2 sheep,
ote fut, oledpems nor. inf. (§ 48 #):
of dépw, bear, bring, T 420,
oleGa: 2d sing. of ofa, bnew.
éurrdéa, aor, imv, dirrewroy: shoot
with an arrow. 4 100,
Survie: arrow. Sew epeyhaixu.
otros: fate, death, misery.
Ofruros: a town in Laconia, 685.
Otyeduts, -jor: an Orckaliun. B 596.
Olxen : town in Thessaly. B 790.
Olxadindev= from Oechalia. B 506.
olrie, iterative impf. ofyrarnoy
el
olxepan impl. gyeroz go, go awoy.
ero Spcvos s flew away.
ole oF atts (olopat) : think, éuiend.
olemarriis and olavemddos: so0(h-
sayer, reer, augur, who obsares
birds of omen (olwvof). A 69.
oluvés: bird of prey, observed for
omens, omen, W393, 859,
Suvela; hesitate, shrink, B 266,
bevor: hesitancy. E817,
baprb-ae, evros (xpos) : jagged.
bepvb-ag, -eorera: (chilling), horrible.
(See xpuéas.) ZA.
berd-rvquos: cightqoked, B 728.
burd (Geto, eight): eight. B13,
SAPro-baiwow, -ovoss (of happy divin~
ity), god-favored. T 182,
Opes (SAAyu): ruin, deatruction,
death, 2143,
BAdtras, BMlrwe fot, SAde(o)p, SMe
was nor.: of GAAujsy ruin, destroy =
mid. perish. B 4, 325.
Adem: destroy, Rill; mid perish, ane
wloin, E712,
SAbyor 3+ little, emall, SAfyow: ade.
little. Cf. paxpas, rorBis.
» Thessalian town in
Biz.
- deiras,
Greon, Sdéee(a)ys, 5
eros, pari. Ghsidy,
Kill, lose; mid. and perf. am de
troyed, perish, die, S451.
(s)ée 31 deatrnetloe, deadly, ervele
Comp. éAciirepos, A 342,
Sedvyil (allo); akrill outery.
"Odsovwdy, dvog: town in Perrhno.
bia, B 799.
Beb-ppur, -oros (spprv) ! erwel,
VOCABULARY TO THE
Bropubvés; complaining, dolefu,
Bropbpopar: complain, lament.
"Odvpride, -dBos, fern. : Olympian,
‘Ohipmos: Olympian; in sing. by-
namp of Zeus the Olympian, but
used in the pl of all the gods,
ns A 399.
“Odvpros or Oihupwog: Olympus, a
high mountain on the boandary
botwean Macedonia and Thessaly;
the abode of the gods. Tts pealas
tower into heaven, See on A 4d.
|XVpas, ple: grain, spelt. E196.
8ASAy: perish, am destroyed: pork
subjy, of OA. % 48,
Saabes: cin, confisser! noise, Nubbub,
Spapri: seo duapry.
SpAlpos (iim bur): rain, storm, I4,
Sunveelis, -& (dyeipo) = aavembled,
together, A 57, B 789.
Spenducin: of the same age, thore of
the same age, companions.
bptdo, aor, dplaqoa: am with, axeo
ciate with, A261,
Spthoe (Komily) : throng, crowd,
Spixdn: mist, A959, P10,
Sppa, aos: eye, Cf Sowe, A225.
Spvips, fut, Guotpa, aor, tmy, dpoc~
gov: swear, A 76, 233,
bpotos oF buoloe (Suds) 3 > Like, alike,
common. pans Spolioy; old age
which comes to ait alike (2). S315.
Spode, aor. dpoumbrjuevae [bow
Over]: make like ; dep. diken myself
Spordbe, aor, partic, juowdsjons, iter
tive aor. duonAyouene : shout, chide,
threaten. B 190, % 54,
dpordt (xadio): show, Z 1ST
Spspyvipe: wipe, BAl6,
=a
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD 95
buds 9: alike, common. Cf: dpotos.
budeoy, Suceeer: nar. of Sumyat.
Spod, adv, together, at the seme time,
along with, A G1, S122, E867,
Spoouas: fut. of Spr, sear.
Spchadd-us, cera: with bowser bossy.
Spgorse: nowel, bos. A O26.
dvelfuos: chiding, abusive. A 51M,
byaBlfe, nor. imy. évecBurov: reproach,
heap abuse upon, A 211,
Sva8en, -coe: reproach, abuser, A 201,
Swapo-w6hoe: dream interpreter.
Srapos: dream, vinion. Cf. Srap.
Svimus, fut, Srijoew, Srrporum, aor.
Srqou or Suypus: help, profit,
please, A 503, % 260.
‘dvopdte (Svopa): address hy name,
von, nor. dvdoaro: find fault swith
4s too little, A 539,
bropatew, nor, subjy. Svoy
name, mention by name.
afv-fadis, 4¢: sharp-pointed. S126.
dteb-ns : slarppointed, B 80, 508,
afin, dia, 6: sharp, been, neift, piere
ing. 68a (cognate acc.) Kody
yor: vith sharp cries. 6€6 ndv.:
Kenly, quickly. 190.
(Doubtless 50
was the original for dov. § 35 4.)
bre vec., drt dut.: of bi, aaice.
drite, wor, Srracuy (Sropas): (give
as acompanion), grant, follow, press
hart upon. % 167.
barySke (Frouas) : accompany, go with.
réga poe dry: the bow goes with
me, i.e, F oarry the bow.
Sov: gen. of 5s, who,
Emvbevs sen Greater
Smvmeiw: spy out, look about.
Em(o)On(v), adv, behind, afterwant,
hereafler, K-97, % 526,
dulo(e)u, adv. backward, behind,
hereafter, for the future, On A TD.
Snddrepoe 3: younger. W707.
“Ondas, -vros: Opus, the Locrian
capital. B 531,
drs (s0UK) : aap of the fig tree, sig
sap. Tn E902,itis uned forrennet.
dn (w)éee, nilv.: ichen, whenever.
Srrrirepos : which of the ton
Sw(w)ws, adv. = how, in onder that, a4.
brroddos (ders, cow tis) 3: roasted.
derde, aor. Garrqvay ! ratte
Grow: prt. of dprim, ser, Z 124,
brupivds 3: autumnal, of early au
tumn, BS.
Brot! ner Ferue.
bpéw OF Spdu, fut. dyeobus, aor. ber
or tev, perl, Sronra (wary): see,
look, deliold, bwéSpa Wav: egeing
askance, with Aeree look. A 148.
Sphyrops, nor. subjy. dpéty (eri go):
reach, wretch out, tumge with a
spear, gine > mid. stretch one's self,
reach oul. of midds dpigero:
reached after his som, hetit ortt hie
hanits toward hin son, % 466,
Spucrés : outstretched. B OAS.
plows (Sprvji): hasten away.
"Opiefios; a Bovotian from Hyle.
E707.
dpursegos (xdlpat) : dwelling on the
mountains, mountain, A 288.
‘Opiorns: a Grook, E 705.
Spurnuds, ~iBos (Spc) = of the moun
fains. vipsus Sperrudses : mountain
nymphs. % 420.
Vorg.Aen. i, 600.
Gerd : local. used asyen. pl. of Spos,
mountain, § 34a. D452.
“Opty: a town in Perrhachia. B739.
SpBdw, aor. partic. dpbwheis : tif up,
aot upright. ero SpOubiels s zat up-
right. B42.
Spi, wor Spire Spivby (Spree):
arouse, excite, move with pily,
“touch.”
Bpmav: (what belongs to Spxos), oath,
pledge of an oath, victim slain in
confirmation of an oath. Cf.
rive.
Bpxos: oath, that by which one swears.
Sppatve; revolve, ponder, A 19%.
Soph, nor. Bpunoe and Sppnbhijryy :
urge on, rush, hasten. 335,
“Oppivev: Thessalian town in Mag-
vesia, B734,
Appi: onset, endeavor, effort. és dppiv
‘hin range of (my) spear.
Of. oreades
E118.
Bonnpa, -atos: longing. B 8%.
Benes: anchorage, roudetead,
"Opmuat, pl: town in Argolis. BS71,
Sons, -idos : bird. ~B A590.
Sprig, aor. Spee, dpro, and Spope
(§ 45,/), mv. Speen, Sparen, Spoo
(3 58), port. Spwper (8 49,f), plpt.
Spiipay (Spivw, 6povw): arouse, ex-
cite, drive on; mid. and perf. arise,
raise myself, rouse, rouse (my)uelf,
rsh, hasten.
Spm 0% Jocats as gen. pl. Sparde(y)
(§ 38 a): mountain, % 347.
Beebe, aor. Spovew : gu hastily, rush.
Spb: Epic for dpdw, see. § AT &.
VOCABULARY TO THE
pave, Sprw, or Spro (§ 53): arise,
aor, imy, of Spry, arouse. D250,
"Opethoxoe: (1) father of Diocles.
E516. (2) Son of Diocles. E542.
Spupay5ég: din, confused noise, B SLO,
Sppancés: orphaned, «re orphan.
Spxanon (Spxw): leader, commander.
“Opxoperis: (1) Minyan Oreliow
menus, an ancient and rich city
in Bovotia. B 611, 4284. (2)
An Aréadian town, B O05.
Spupt port, dpdpav plpf, (549 f)t
arise; from Spvys, arouse. T 87.
4% 5, gen. dow (§ 35 2) or Bo: (2)
rel. who, which, what, 6, adv. ace,
as conj.: tn that, that: of quod
(2) Der, 5¢ and 6: he, it, cep. with
oti, nS, nal, and ydp. pybd Se
oyeu: may not even he escape,
450.
5s, , Gy, gen, ofo (ofos, Aus), pos
sesaive pron,: omn, Ais own, her
own, his, her. § 42 B,
Se wep, i wep, Sep, intena. rol.) jut
who, exacily who; or concessive,
who nevertheless, jf mept just
whither, % 41.
Seon (bros?) ; rumor. B98.
beodros (30003): how great. E758,
Geee, dual (ooulus): eyes. A 104.
Bocopas: look, nda’ derrpevos: with
4 Took that boded fit, A 105.
fo(o)os 3: how large, how much, how
far. With rérooy expressed or
implied, as large as, as much am, ms
Sar as, 04 loud at} ple howe many,
ax many as, Se(o)ow, ady.> how
greally, §42e. A 186, 112,
beriev (08): bone, skull (Z 10).
FIRST SEX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD oT
ba ne or b mvs, res; Sr(r)sy mont, pl.
Goon, vec. pl. obs twas, indef. rel:
who, whoever; in indirest quos-
tons, who. Bru: wl ey why.
g42d,
Bray [Gre dv]: whenever. A519,
bre: when. A 80.
tn or tn (oob-r1), conj.: that,
because. Adv. with superl., Srre
rdyurra: as quickly ax possible.
E349.
tins: dens. $420, T2790.
aepeddees : nimbly, with speed. T 260,
pasate Phrygian king. T1386.
Srpnpds 8: nimble, prompt, ready.
Srpixan: ace. pl. of SBpd, with fike
hair.
Srpire, gor. Srpive: émpel, arouse,
excite, urge on, 208,
bre: 800 Gre.
ob, 06m, ott or ox, nog. adv.: not.
Tn questions, it implies the an-
awer + yo8.
otbas, dat. obBee: floor, ground,
et6t: ut not, anid nok not even,
neither, nor.
otbly, newt. ace, of abdels, for ob re:
net at all, AQ) 412,
ot6f wore: nerer at any time. 789.
tts (BBc05); Mlreshold, Z 375.
Oveadéyov, -ovros — (Heethlent):
Uoulegon, a Trojan elder. T 148.
ein: no longer, no more. BAT0.
odxt (od): not, used ab the end of a
tontoncain mal ott. B 238,
ofapde (Dm): throng, press, S251.
otbneros B: destructive, deadly, mor- +
tal; nor. partic. of &Anpi, slestroy,
ethos : sfrstructice, banefid, deadly.
iks.xvrat (xi): (poured out barley
corns), barleycorns, A 449.
Odwpwiv-be: fo Olympus, § 33 6.
O®vpres: Olympus. See “OAupso.
oby, inferential particle: nom, thei
ar oll ecente, A 07, B 321,
ofa [fren]: becawe. A LL.
oFvope, -aros [Jroua, nomen}: name,
Odpaview, -avor: of heaven, inhabit.
ant of hewcen, A STO, E873. In
E S05 it seme to ba som of
Uranus. § 89 a.
odpart-Mev : from heaven. A 195,
odparé-: in the heavens. aipawith
pé: thwart the sky, Fa.
obparés: heaven, the hemeens, sky.
odpets, jos (ops): mule, Cf.
piovos. A560.
cbpes, 107 [Spor]: mountain, T 34,
odpos: wind. Tapers olpos : fiaworing
Ireere. A479.
oipts (Spiouw) : trench, B13,
etréfe, aor, obrooe oF otrée, nor.
olryre: wound with something
held in the hand. Cf. BdAAw, hit.
otre: and nol, aor, ore... bre
neither... nor.
eimbards : worthlem, a nobedly. A298,
6 m5, oF Ti: no one, mone, of mE
not at all, A 88.
of rou: by no means. T 65, B 428,
obros, airy, votre, dem.: this. obras
is the ordinary demonstrative in
Greek and points to a person or
thing as present, either actually
orinthought. Its place is gener-
ally taken in Homer yy the article,
He GAZ q jw
otras), wly.; thus, 20, $50, ALB
98 VOCABULARY TO THE
HOAM)ov or SbA(djor (aor, of
Sethu, owe): thould hace, ought to
have, With alBeand dg it ix used
to expross a wish which cannot
De relized: aif Geedes dyapos
GrohirGus: would that thou hadit
died unmarried. & 416.
840A ; increase, magnify, exalt.
"OpiArve: w Trojan. 220,
bptarnss: oye. Cf. Gua, oore.
Spo, conj.; (1) of time, while, ax
Jong ax, until; (2) of purpose,
that, in order thet, A VAT, 0 946.
S¢pa is the most common particle
in Homer to express purpose. Tt
is most freq, with aor. subjunctive.
bbpte, vor (row): eyebrow, brow.
xo, ady.: by fer, used only with
forma of Spucror.
Sxer-4u(v): locat, pl. as dat. sing. of
Sx0%, chariot. § 33a, A207.
‘ayeie, Hos (Exw) + holder, fastening.
"Oxfers: au Actolian. E 84s.
SxQe, aor. SxOqrav (FxGox) + am out
of temper, am vexed, am displeased.
Sx0y : bunkof w river, 1187, Z Bt.
Ser, «04, dat. pl ms wing, dxéeaae
or dyerdi(v) *(veho, wagon):
chariot, S00 dpya. % 722, 745.
SY, gen, dméz (gsi), VOX), f.: voice,
Yi late, A161,
Sipeau, Spear: fut. of Spd, ee,
Splyover: latetorn, — dafuyivoy dee
Opirmuws of coming generations,
Spoon (dye) + late, B25.
Sys, ws (Gop) sight, axpect.
% 463.
Syeriderros :
B 326.
late in fulfillment.
wéyn [4mdyy]: aor, pass, of
fiz, make far, & 185, B 816,
sray-xptewor : all gold, of solid gold.
[wir], odv.: allagether,
utterly, wholly. B24.
rider : wor. opt of mirxw, suffer.
Tlashwv, ovo: physician of the gods,
E 401, 900.
rasfy, -ovos [rauiy]: wong of praise,
paran, AATB.
Tiafows, pl: Puronians, Trojan
allies from Macedonia, B 848.
rats or wile ($ 24), gen. amBde
(puer): child, son, daughter,
T si,
Tlewée (‘Axuude B 828): town in
Asia Minor. E 612,
waupéerw: slash forth here anit
there.
srbdau, dv. + long ago, long before.
sadanyeris, -é: old. T8860.
wrahads 3: of old, ancient. Z 215.
raddpn, gen, and dat. waddpopdpe
(§ 88 a) (palm): hand. 1 838,
weddews, port. partio, memadayidvor
(wédAw) : spatter, besmear,
wad Royor (Aéym) | collected again.
wadymddtouai, aor, partic. madyse
aAayBévras = am driven back,
rity, adv: baok, backeards. midur
AdLero p8Oov: “took buck what he
said. A118, 380.
swadivefiyperos (dypém = alpina): (to
be taken back), revocable, A 626,
radiv-opeos : turning back, backwards,
43, Cf. dhfoppor.
(ré\dw) 1 Pollas,
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD og
(Maiden or Spearseielding). Epie row dwuws winds from all
thet of Athens. See "ABjry.
dda, aor, wae: brandivh, shake,
cast (of lots), fost. Cf, maddaow,
ardp-may, ucle. : entirely, allogether.
rop-otnsros : alleariegatert, of many
colors; prob. with bright Border.
adv. : first of all, befare
all others, $40 d, 507.
reppaiva: shine bright, am shining.
(A reduplicated form.)
repbaréur, wou, gen. -wyrog! all.
ahining, bright, BABB.
wrév-aypos (dypiw): catching every
thing, albembracing. 487.
rav-atohos: allyjlashing. & 215.
Tav-axaet, pl: the Pan-Achacans,
Achaeans aa a whole, B 404,
Tlévéapes: Pandarus, eon of Lyction,
leader of the northern Lycians.
Te broke the truce of T by
shooting Monolaus, and was
killed hy Diomed. B 827, 83,
© 168, 248,
Tlavdidnwes, pl: the Pan-Fellenen,
the people of northern Greece as
avwhole, B S30.
ravnulpios 3: alt day ong, § 60 a.
Tévdees: Panthous, a ‘Trojan older,
father of Euphorbus, Polydamas,
and Hyperénor, T146,
wovvixion 3: ail night long. § 56 a.
Tlavoneés, -fos: Panopews, Phoclan
town on the Cophtexs, B 620,
Foravbig (oeiw) = with all zeal, in alt
haste. B12, 29, 06.
révep, ady.: ererywhere, on all
eilles.
‘rovreies (mis) 3: of
ee:
quarters.
wévrect: in every direction, on alt
rides, $93.d. THT, 366,
amwite: call papa, E408. (Nau
sicwa addresses her father, wdorma
bide, £57.)
warraivs, nor. partic. mamrjug:
took about cautiously, look about
after, scan, S497,
wip, wapd, or wapol (§ 65 d), adv.
and prep. by Ue ride of, Deride,
near by.
{1) With dat, Ay the side of.
rapa Kpovluve mafiqera+ sar down
by the side of the wn of Cronus.
slip Znvi xathipavens seated in the
home of Zeus, mip Bé of GAu
woloy Bowrot: the other Bowotiae
dwelt near (bevide) him, wriperow
mip Sxwdw: slain beaide the
chariot.
(2) With ace. to the side of,
along by, EBaure wupad Svopriben:
went t0 the side af Diomed. dadv
orijoor nap" epwesy : station the
people by the wild jig tree. Fj raph
Giva Burdens: set out along the
seashore, Bide or0s wopi: yakév:
Ait the breast beside the nipple.
pbor bovrdp fas api Gras were
sacrificing hecatomby along the shore
(where an idea of motion may
be fmplind, siretched alemy the
shore).
(8) With gen. from the able of,
from. dypOos Fe “Ips mip
Suds: Iris came ore messenger from
Zeus, — OlyadiyBey divra mag"
al
100
Biprirow: on his way from Ovchalia
Sramthe home of Burytus, raph pre
pod: (dmwing his sword) from his
thigh,
wwipa: by ‘anastrophe’ for mapd,
(1) when it follows its case, and
(2) when it stands for méperrs or
mrépum. 16 aici wpa ele ye Oedv:
one of the gods ever stands by his
aide, $566,
rapa-Pryiiny (BidNw): with a side
kit, A 6.
wrapePrdeoxe, perf. rappip Bowe
(wod-, § 30.7): perf. stands by the
idle of, helpt.
rapa-Bxouar, sor, mupeigaro; re-
ceive from. 178.
wapal: rupd. § 06 d.
srap-otrves : bocling ill, ominous. A982.
wrap-Sirew, nor, wupier: go past
with a bound. E690,
mapa-nolrys (Keijuat)! spouse, husband.
Son GAoyos, droere. % 430.
rapienorres, woe: apoure, wife. A 60.
srape-Myoum, nor, wapcAigaro: lie
hesitle, lie with, B 515, Z 198,
srapa-reily, nor. upérauey 2 per=
swale. % 1.
wapa-ords; (aking his stand near; aor.
partio. of mapioropas, % 75,
wapi-exq: nor. subjy. of mupéyw,
furnish, give. T 954,
mapa-tple, aor. nupérpurcuy: spring
fo one aide, shy, EB 206,
waphpnps, aor. mupdirov
urge, persuade, A 555.
seapSahn (pard ; #0. Bopd): panther’a
shin, used ax a light shield, Of.
the lon's skin ef Heracles, 17.
counsel,
VOCABULARY TO THE
rrapedtopas: sit (clown) near or bem
side. A 407, 657.
srapnal, pl.: cheeks. I 35,
aipems, Jd pl, mupéari, Lab, aad
sera [réiparra:) (eal): am at
hand, stand realy, am at (your)
service.
srapsiwoy: nor. of mapdiyu, counsel,
urge, persuaite, A G59.
wap-dpxopas, fut. mapeAevorene = eludey
evade, circumvent, outwit. A 132,
wepdxe, aor, subjy. updo 1 fur
nish, give. 354.
wapipov (rupad): cheek piece. A142,
srip-npas: sit beside. A 421,
Tlop8ivos: river in Paphlagonia,
B 84.
srapiivos, {.: viryin, maiden, young
woman. B 514.
carried off Holen, wife of Mene-
Jaus, and so brought on the ‘Tro«
jon War, T'926, 437, 2 280, 508,
(Excopt 1 325, the gen. and dat.
are formed from "AAdavbpos.)
nor. rapuarrds: take my
stand Lexide, stand wear, stand by,
assist, B180, 275.
waploxe, inf. wapurxiiey (Ew)?
holed near, hall in reartines.
wap-pduPrwne: stand by the side of,
help; port. of mupaBrcerxan.
wipro): in front, before. A 160.
Sehr impf. mapyyero> pans
by. S972, 820.
miipor, nial (fore) Before, formerly,
at other times. 70 mépor: formerly.
With ink (cf wpir), before. wipes
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD
nike Ipyu. yeriotlus: defore these
things occurred, before this hap-
pened. A 403, 668, 610.
Tloppaetn: Parrhasia, a district in
southwestern Arcadia. B 608,
every, all, the whole. Cf. dmas,
paras, ommas, mivra, adi
wholly; of. mapman, miyyv.
selewados: peg, pin on which to
hang objects. E209,
was-cubiq: see mavervety, in all haste.
wirow: sprinkle. A219.
wiexa (mabye), aor. opt. mio,
perf, wérorde or wéraade [meri
Bare): muffer yas) ri mdBou: lest he
suffer something, Le. leat some harm
befall him,
rariopas, A0r. mioayro (Jeet): eat,
wards, nor. mérga: trample, suri
sirqoav: trampled on. d 157.
sarhp, gen. wurpés (puter): father.
sriros: beaten path. % 202.
srirpy : fatherland. A 30.
warpls, -tb05; fatherland, with or
without yom. B 140, P 244.
Tlépowhor, voc. Harpdxdas: Patro-
clus, son of Menootiug, friend of
Achilles, slain by Hector. A
397, 345, A 602 ff, IL 2 ff, 787 ff.
Soe on A 307.
srarpinos (surijp) 3: of one’s futher,
ancestral, hereditary. EGvor ma-
xpiuoe: friend by descent, family
friend.
sraipes: little, small, few. Comp,
ree Cf, CXtyos, rer Ibs.
ivite. B 386.
‘town, aor,
101
wairay, port. wéravras (few) : stop,
put an end to; mid, cease, come to
an enil, T184, 434,
Tlapayéves, pl: Paphlagonians, w
people dwelling in Asia Minor on
the Pontus, B 851, E 577.
sraxés, -tia, -U (pinguin): thick,
wibdn, aor, xiinoe (xois)t fetter.
ASIT.
wiBthor: sandal, BH,
wlov: plain, T 14
siBiovSe: to the plain.
$33.6
nets: on foot (§ 56 0).
mol: infantry.
B 510,
wilde, fut. melons, wor, mBduqy, war.
opt. weriBoper (§ 43 ¢), perf.
reroituey, pipt. éremduey (fides,
foodus): persuade; mid. am per
suaded, obey; pert. trust, have con
fidence, & B25,
word (ponuria) : am hungry. P26.
Tiapatine: ann a Peters, Peole-
maous, 4 298,
srsipap, arog: itu, end. Z 143,
supe, fut. mapioropm, nor. émapiy
oayro, mapyfivae (ex-portor)=
Iry, endencor, exsay, make trial of;
pout to the feat.
TlapiQoos: Pirithous, king of the
Lapithas, friend of Theseus.
A 263, B71.
Tielpoos: leader of the Thracians
B 544, & 520,
sneipw, aor, Teepay, pert. partion. we
suppdvor: pierce. A 240, 405.
Tlaéyur, cvrog: (1) & leader of
the Pytians, A 29% (2) A
éBibor
102
Lacan, companion of Sarpidon.
ae aor. widar(o)er, Erhyvro,
weddoby: bring near, bring to, ine
wolve in; pass. approach, come near,
Tiadooyucts or Hadsoys: Pelasyian.
3) Moduryuty “Apyos: Thessaly.
B 661.
welds, <idog* dove, E778.
wOunvs, cor: are, FOO.
wOuplte, aor, wguixOn: shake; pase.
tremble, shudder. A 585,
ThAtys: Pliny king of Tolcus, who
drove out his brother Neleus and
his half-brot Acson, and sent
his nephow Jason in quest of tho
golden fleece. B 715.
Tloddiva: an Achacan town. B 874.
Tey, -onos= Pelops (son of ‘Lan-
talus), who went from Lydia to
Elis, won tho hand of Hippoda-
min in a chariot moe, established
his rule, and gaye its name to
Poloponnesua, B 104 f.
etho and Topas, aor. as pres, Erheo,
(move), am. BA80.
= (gigantic), targe, mae
cpa. moniter, portent: B
sips, fat, méjujo, aor. :
eacort, attend, send. % 168, 207.
mpr-dBodov (aivre): fivetined fork
used in sacrifices. A 403.
mrbepés: fatherinlaw, wife's father.
wivhos, woz (keryw) = sorrow, grief
advropas (vos) = work, am busy,
srevre-tenpes (Eros) + five youre old,
mivrinovra: jifly. B 509, Z 244.
merakayplroy: bespatteres!; perf. pare
te, of muddaow, spatter. % 268.
Aye
VOCABULARY TO THE
mewappives: studded, pierced; pork.
weridoyuy ; rodupl. 2d aor. opt. of
etd, persuade. § 436. A100.
wenknyés, -vdn: perf. as pres. partic.
of Ayam, amite, strike.
aérhos: covering, robe, The princi-
pal female garment, but not made
to fit the person. Tt was a large
quadrangular piece of cloth, dou
bled for the
upper part of
tho body, laid
around the
person, and
fa: by
Vrooches (mepé=
vu) on the
shoulders, and
down the sido.
This left tho
arms bare, but
reached to the
feet. Tt was
gathered at the
waist by a
wirdle (Cdvp). A méAos was used
also for the protection of an un-
used chariot from dust, E194,
werripivos: prudent, discreet; port.
partic. of udu, breathe. T 148,
wevoldagw: perl. of weldw, persuade.
skwoot [weeirfare]: perf, of md
oyu, nufer. E99.
werorfaras: flit, hover, are in flight}
perl. of rordopa:, fly. Of. wéroun
mérdos
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD
rerpupivor: fated; perf. partic. from
the same root as wépov, gave, fur
nithed. 1300.
arbwravras: are xpread ; perk, of mere
wp, unfold, spread out, E19,
weridorro: redupl. nor. opt. of ur
Bavopa, warn. § 4846. ZO.
mervcarpiva : perf. partic, of xumdgor,
cover, BIT.
etewy, ovo: my good fellow; used in
addresses by an elder or euperior,
in an affectionate, condeseonding,
or contemptuous tone,
wip (epi), intensive particle, on-
clitic: exceedingly, very, exactly,
however much (with concessive par-
tic.). ow wep uv tivow: do thou at
teaxt honor hin, A ¥91, 211, 241,
Tiepaipel, pl: a Pelasgian tribe,
B 74a,
smepden, pros. inf, mepdan fut. wepricerr,
nor. éedpyoey (fare): traverse, cross,
90 through, pierce, B O40.
Tlipyapo, {.; Pergamus, the acropo-
lis of Ties, 4 508, B 446, 460,
2512.
Thipyaciine: son of Pergaeur, Dot-
E 585,
wlpqy, addv.t opporite, over againef, on
the other vite of; with yenitiv
mipto, nor. méprer (perdo): sack,
destroy. Cf, wophia, ZA.
mpl, adv. and prep. about, round
about, concerning, exceedingly.
comin.
(1) With gen, atow, concerning,
for, repo margjerovnat t will ght
for Used aitverbially with
gen. to denote superiority. rept
mdvrwy dnpesnt’ fo be euperion to all
103
@) With ace, round about,
around. wepi AcBivqy oixi” erro:
buitt their homes about Dodéina.
epi neivor digve; endure ioe about
him. epi Bupév about the altar.
(8) With dat. abou. ala xep
Bovpi dpunjera: blood will gush forth
about the spear, yxribva mepl ore
Berow = chiton about the breart,
mpc: by ‘anastrophe ' for mepf, when
it follows itscam. §55c. E730.
smiptfaive, nor. inf. rep Piva: go
about, defend, E21,
smpl-Spopes: (eurrounding, that which
can be run around), freetying, ro
tating, revolving. B 812, B 726.
mpidyo, nor. imv. sepliryeo® (hole
bowl), defend, protect. A 393,
rept lorrmps, 208, wepiorrycay: set aboul 5
aor. took (my) stand about.
mepr-eadrtn, és (KiiMAOs)! exceedingly
beautiful, charming. € 202.
mapixhvrés = fronous, ilustrions.
meptexratve : elay round about,
moplaxee: aor. iy. of wepodyu,
defend. A 39%.
B 501,
wreperpowda (rpémw): rull, roll around.
Thiptpts, -urros: an Actolian, son of
Ochesius, E $12 ff,
mept-paBleg® very carefully,
meplppan, -ovos (priv): intelligent,
prudent, E412,
meprdovoy, aly, : 00 muich, onermuch,
4350.
Thipmieros : of Percote. BS31,%30,
Thipedry: town in Asia Minor, om
Dileont. B 835.
ramp, 2490, Cf. orendes
Verg...Aen. i. 500.
‘Seee-4u: locot, uscedasgen, ph: of pos,
mountain. § 38a, S452.
“Opiy: a town in Purrhaebia, B789.
Spbw, aor. partio. dpHubes : lift up,
act upright. ero SpBubels :
right. BA
Sptve, aor, Spive, Spiviy (Gpvops):
arouse, excite, move with pity,
“touch.”
Spmev: (what belongs to Spxos), oath,
pledge of an oath, victim slain in
confirmation of an oath. Cf,
rdpven,
Bpxos: oath, that by which one swears.
Sppalve: revolve, ponder, A 198.
bpudm, aor. Sppyoe and bpuyPijryr:
urge on, rush, hasten. & 835.
*Oppinev: Thessulinn town in Mag-
neala, B34.
Sent: onset, endeavor, effort. a appv
Eyxeos : within range of (my) spear.
E118.
Bpunna, -aroe: Longing. B 856.
Sppos: anchorage, rvadetead.
"Opmunt, pl.: town in Argolis. B67
Sows, ~iBos : bird, » B 4
pvp, nor, dpoe, dpro, and dpope
(G 13,f), imv. Spare, Spores, dpco
(€ 53), perf. Jpwper (§ 49,/), ppt.
Spapay (6pivm, Spot): arouse, ex
cite, drice on; mid. and perf, arise,
raise myself, rouse, rouse (my)eelf,
rush, hasten.
Spon, cos, locat. an gen. pl. Sperqu(v)
($83.4): mountain, Z 847.
bpote, aor, Spourer; go hastily, rusk.
bpiwi Epic for dpiw, ee. § AT &.
VOCABULARY TO THE
Speco, Sprev, or Spro (§ 53): arise,
sor. imy. of Sprymi, crouse, 1250,
“Opothoxos: (1) father of Diockss.
E516. (2) Son of Dioolos, E542.
Spusayboe: din, confused noise. B S10.
dphannis: orphaned, an orphan,
Spxapor (Spy): leudter, commander,
"Opxouerés: (1) Minyan Orchow
‘menus, an anciont and rich city
in Bocotia, B 511, 4286. (2)
‘An Aréadian town, B 605,
Spupe perf, dpdipav plpf. (§ 49 f):
orise; from Spree, arouse, TST.
%s, , 6, gun. dow (§ 35 6) or So: (1)
rel. who, which, what. 8, adv. mec.
that, that; of. quod.
and 3: he, it, exp. with
of8e, nBi, mad, and ydp, uyBt Be
Poy: may not even he escape.
250.
&, dy, gon. ofo (ofos, Su tun); pow
wessive pron: omn, Ale oun, her
‘own, his, her, $42 b,
Ba wep, Fj ep, 5 wep, intons. Toh. > just
who, exacily who; or conoessive,
who nevertheless, jj mpi just
whither. Z Ai.
wdc’ Gerorsperon s ‘eith
a look that boded ill, & 105.
Be(o)os 3: how large, how much, how
far, With réaeog expressed or
implied, as large a2, as muck as, ax
far as, 03 towd as; pl, how many,
‘ax many as. &a(a)ov, adv.2 how
greatly, § 420, A 186, P12.
dertoy (01): bone, skull (& 10).
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD
$4 ns or b mvs, rue, de(r)s, nout. pl.
aon, sce, pl. ode rans, indet, rel. :
who, whoever; in indirect ques
tions, who. Se: wherefore, why.
gaa.
Srav [dre dv]: whenever, A G10,
‘bre: when, A 80,
fre or ten (ogod-r1), conj.: that,
because. Adv. with superl, rn
tiyurra: as quickly as possible.
Eas.
tra: dere, § 42d, F279,
dxpadtes: nimbly, with peed. T 260,
"Orpeis, sor! Phrygian king. T 186,
Sxpnpis 3: nimble, prompt, ready.
Srpxas: ace, pl. of SOpg, with like
hair.
Srpbvwy, nor, Srpiver impel, arouse,
excite, urge on. A268.
rn: s00 re.
0%, ote, odxl or ody, nog. adv.: not,
Tn questions, it implies the an-
swer # yea.”
‘otSag, dat. ob8a: floor, ground.
0864; but not, and nol, not even,
neither, nor,
o6Béy, nent. ace. of obBels, for ob re:
not at all. A BY4)419,
oi8l wore: nener at any time. EB 789.
ibis (G5cus): direhold. Z 975.
Odn-aréyuv, -ovroz— (Heed-lem) =
Ucaleyon, » Trojan elder, T 148.
etetn: no longer, no more, B379.
oixt (ob): nol, used nt the end of a
sentence in mal ofa. B 238,
opdapds (Aw): throng, pres, L251,
ovAdpevos 8: destructive, deadly, mor
lal; sor. partic. of SNAyuu, destroy.
eidog = destructive, baneful, deadly.
oT
OBAS-xvre (x0)! (poured out barley-
corns), barleyeorns. A 449.
OdAwprdy-S: fo Olympus, § 38 ¢.
See
i
MH
‘A 57, B31.
ofmena [Fvenat]: becawe. A 111.
ctvone, -aros [Svoua, nomen): name.
Ovpaviev, -avos> of heaven, inhabite
ant of heaven, AS70,E378. In
E 808 it ncoms to be son of
Uranus, § 30
oipari-Ber: from heaven, A 105.
odpavsh: in the heavens, olpardth
xps: athwart the sky. TS,
‘otparés | heaven, the heavens, sky.
eipeis, jos (ofpos): mule. Of.
thwlovos. A 50,
olor, 08 [Spor]: mountain. D3.
wipos: wind. Ixuavos olpos: _faroring
breeze. A 470.
otpds (Spiinow): erench, B 153.
etrét, or, obruee or obrie, nor.
obrqve: wound with something
held in the hand. Cf, Bid\w, hit,
obra: anid nol, nor. obre . . » obre
neither... nor.
obnbanda : wcorthlem, a nobody. A203.
8 ave, 05 tr no one, none. 0% m2
wot at all, A 88.
8 roi: ty no mane, T° 65, E428.
bros, ary, roto, tlem.: thin, obror
is the ordinary demonstrative in
Grock and points to s person or
thing as present, either actually
or in thought. Its place ia genor-
ally taken in Homer by the article,
Kane §42q jo
obra(e), ady.:thus, so. §56e. AISI.
at all events.
98 VOCABULARY TO THE
SAA)or or Sheer (aor. of
Seheidw, owe): should have, ought to
have, With otBeand dg it is used
to express a wish which caunot
be roulized: al Sherer dyapos
drodéerBas; would that thou hadst
died unmarried, A 415.
8pOXw: increase, magnify, exalt.
*OgAnos: 0 Trojan. 2 20,
SpbaAnEs: aye. Cf. Supa, Soo
Spa, conj.; (1) of time, while, ax
long as, until; (2) of purpore,
that, in order that. A 147, 4 846,
Spa is the mast common particle
in Homer to express purpows, It
ia most froq, with aor. subjunctive,
bets, vos (urow): eyedrens, brow.
xa, ady,: by far, used only with
forms of dpwrtos. = *
Sxor-fe(v): looat, pl. as dat, wing, of
dyos, chariot, § 38a. A297.
Sxeis, jos (Ew) + holder, fastening.
*Oxgowos: an Aotollan. KE S43.
&xBho, wor. SxOnoar (2x08) : am out
of temper, am weredi, am displeased.
8x0: bankof a river. T187, Z 84.
Sos, «os, dat. pl. as wing. dxéeoue
or éyergu(v) ‘(weho, wagon) =
chariot, 800 Soya, 722, TH.
Sy, gon. Sie (ey VOX), L.1 voice.
bye: late. AOL.
Shem, GYeotar: fut. af Spdw, ser.
Splyorer: lnte-born, — uyavey die
Opdren: of coming generations.
Sywuos (Cie) late, B95,
Sus, woe (Sipopai): sight, expect.
Z 468, «
perOuwror: fate in fulfillment.
B 325.
srdyn [dmeiyy] + cr, pas. of mfyryp,
(fiz, make fast. S185, B 616,
seay-xptews! all gold, of solid gold.
sréyyu [min], adv.: altogether,
utterly, wholly, B24,
rites: ar, opt. of miu, mffer.
‘Tlasfun, wos : physician of the gods,
401, 900.
-sravhay, -ovor [mandy]: song of praise,
pacan. AAT.
Tlatows, pl: Paeonians, ‘Trojan
allies from Macedonia, B 848.
wals or wéis (§ 24), gon. wmidég
(puer): child, son, daughter.
PT 314.
Tleaods ("Armods B $28): town in
Asia Minor, E612,
raupieow: flash forth here anil
there
sréda, adv. long ago, tong before.
sradai-yerfs, -&: olf. T 386.
wahaids 3: of old, ancient, % 215,
wahépn, gon, and dat,
(§ 33 a) (palm); hand, T 338,
arahécom, perf, partic, merwdaypévor
(widow) = spatter, besmenr
aradD-Aoyos (Ayn) = collected again,
swadipmdégopas, nor, partic. malye
rhayxBérras:: am tiriven back.
wii, ody. back, backwards, mid
Adfero p2Bov: ‘100k baek* what he
said. A110, 280,
srehwdyperos (dypin = alpée)! (te
he taken back), revncatle. A 126,
radinopees : turning back, backwards,
P33, Cf. doppor.
TisdAés, -ibos (miAhw): Pallas,
(Maiden or Spear-iietdting). Byi-
FIRSY SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD 99
roiey deipar: winds from alt
quarters,
thot of Atiiona, Seo "AGjuy.
wddho, aor. ride: brandish, shake,
omat (of lote), tow. Cf. wader.
srip-way, adv. : entirely, altogether.
srap-roimdos ; allvuriegated, of many
colors; prob. with Bright border.
siueepura, acdv.: sire of all, before
all others, § 40d, AOT.
wappatvw: shine Lvight, «am shining.
(A reduplicated form.)
raphavduv, won, Ben. -avrog: alls
shining, bright. B58.
wév-aypes (dypéu): catching every:
thing, all-embres E487.
waralohos: all-flashing., & 216.
Tlavaxool, pl: the Pan-Achasans,
Achacans asa whole, B 404,
Tavbapes: Pandurur, son of Lycion,
leader of the northern Lycians,
He broke the truce of T by
shooting Menelaus, and was
killed by Diomed. B 827, 4 83,
E 108, 246
Travddque, pl: the Pan-MHellemes,
tho people of northern Groce aa
a whole, B 530,
wruw-mpdpios 32 all day long. § 86 a.
Tévboos: Ponthows, » Trojan elder,
fathor of Euphorbus, Polydamas,
and Hyperénor, 1146,
ravvixiog 3: afl night long. § 56a.
Tlavonets, ~jor: Panapeus, Phocian
town on the Cephfens. B 620,
wravcvBlq (ceies) : with ail seul, in af
baste, B12, 20, 66,
wivry, ailv.: everywhere, on alt
sides.
wruvroios (mit) 3: of all sorte, ray
vides. $33. T 347, 356,
wammégu: call pap. BOR (Nau
rican addresses her fnther, adem
pire, £57.)
waratrw, aor. partic. mmrrijmus:
look about cautiously, look about
after, sean, A ANT.
wip, maps, OF wapal (§ 65 d), adv.
and prep, : by the side of, beside,
near by.
(1) With dat, by the side of.
raph Kpovluse nBiero: sat down
by the aide of the wn of Cronus.
map Zvi waPjpevor: seated in the
home of Zeus. wip Bi ot Do
valey Bowral: ihe other Bocotlans
dwelt near (beside) him. erdjevow
wip Sxerdir: alain beside the
chariot,
(2) With ace. t the side of.
along ty. EBarve wapal AropsjBea!
went to the wide of DXomed, adv
orqoor up’ tpavéy: station the
people by the wild fig tree, Pip mapa
Oiya Oaddouys: vet ont along the
veashore. Béde orifGor mapa palsy:
hit the breast beside che nipple.
dpdov sxardufas wap iva: were
sacrificing heratombs along the share
(where an idea of motion may
be implicd, stretched along the
shore).
(3) With gen. from the aide of,
from. Gyyolos HABe “Ips mip
‘Aude: Tris came axa mesenger from
Zeus, Olyadinfler livre wap!
100 VOCABULARY TO THB
Eiptirou: on his say from Oechalia
from the home of Burytus. raphy
pov: (drawing his sword) from his
thigh
wépa: by ‘anastrophe’ for wupd,
(1) when it follows ite case, and
(2) when it stands for mdpern or
mdpum. 1 aid mipn ds yc Oeaw:
one uf the gods eear stands by his
side, § 06 c.
wapa-fryiny (BidAw): with a side
hit, AG.
wopafisece, perf. sapaluPrune
(nod $309): perf. stands by the
idle of, helper.
wapa-Béxonar, aor. mapeditaro: re
ceive from. Z 178.
wapel: mapa. § 56 d.
srap-atovos : Dorling ill, ominous. & 381.
sapttewe, aor. wap: go past
with «bound. E090.
aapa-nolent (ntfs): spouse, husband.
Sor ddaxos, dros. Z 450.
aph-xovrs, -ws : pour, wife, S60,
rapa Myonm, 20r, mupedéfaro: fi
beside, tie with. B G15, Z 198,
aaparniie, aor. supéruoe i per
made. Z% 61.
wapaeris: taking his sand near; sor.
partic. of wapirropan % 75.
wapdexg: aor. subjy. of mapéw,
furnish, give. P354.
mrapa-tple, aor. mapérpercay: spring
to one side, thy, E206,
raph-dnus, 908. mupéirov:
urge, persuade, A 555,
mapbadin (pari; #0. Sopa) panther’
akin, wwed ax a Hight shield. Cf:
the Hon's akin of Herseles, P17,
counsel,
wapdtoum: if (down) near or be
side. & A07, 807.
srapunt, pl: cheeks. 138,
dpa, Jd pl. mapéamy fut. aapéo~
cera [mipeorar] (dl): am at
hand, stand ready, am at (your)
service.
srapiwov' nor. of mapddmu, counsel,
urge, persuade. A ii,
wapdpxopas, fut, mapedciwrons : elude,
evade, circumvent, ouncit, A 182.
sapdxe, aor. cubjy. mapdoyy 3 fare
nish, give. T 384.
wapfvov (xupud): cheek piece. A142,
srdip-mpat sit boride, A 421,
Tep@inos: river in Paphlagonia,
B 804.
wraptiver, f.: virgin, maiden, young
woman, B S14.
Tépts, 07: Paris, mare freq. oalled
Alexander, son of Priam. He
carried off Helen, wife of Mene-
Inus, and so brought om the Tro
jon War. T 925, 497, 2 280, 508,
(Kxoept P 326, the gen. and dat,
are formed from "AAdgavBpos.)
wep-oreyar, aor. ruparrds: take my
wand beside, stand near, stand by
assist, B19, 75,
waploxe, inf. mapurxiuer (Exw)t
hold near, hold in remdtness.
wap-plfdune: stand by the side of,
help; port. of wupaPAsare.
wip-oie(y) : in front, before. A 860,
wap-a(xoper, itnpf. sapyxeros pass
by. A272, 826.
wipes, adv. (fore): before, formerly
‘at other times. 7 wépos: formerly,
With inf. (¢/ mole), before. miipos.
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD
ride Epya yeiofu: before these
things oceurred, before thix hap»
pened. A 453, 563, 610,
Tlapparin: Parrhavio, n district in
southwestern Arcadia. B 603.
wis, xia, may, gon. muwrds, miorys:
every, all, the whole. Cf. das,
mpimos, wipmas, wdvta, adv.)
wholly; of. wipmay, mayye.
mdaoodes: peg, pin on which to
hang objects. E209,
rac-ovbiq: see muvnbiy, in all haste.
wéaow: sprinkle. S210.
dye (raberyw), aor, opt. wife,
perf. méroote or ménaobe [meriv-
Gare]: suyfer. pa} me wiBou: let he
aupfer something, i.e. lest some harw
befall him,
warlopat, AOF. wdmavro (Jeet): ent,
wards, aor. wiry: trample, «uri
sdrqouv: trampled on. 157.
marie, gen. murpés (pater): father.
wives: beaten path, Z 202.
wivpq: fitherlend, A 30,
worpls, -ibosi fatherland, with or,
without yom. B 140, T 244.
Tlhspordes, vor. Harpéxhug: Patro-
clus, son of Mencetius, friend of
Achilles, slain by Heetor, A 307,
B97, 845, A O02 ff, IT 2 ff, 787 Hf.
See on A 307.
rarpaves (xurjp) 3: of one’s fuiher,
ancestral, hereditary. even wa:
apinon: friend by descent, faveily
friend,
swaspor: little, small, few. Comp.
aaypérepor. CY: éAlyor rere.
wravewh4): cessation, respite, B S86.
wedu, fut pastic. eufoourg, aor.
101
abou, part. wémavras (ere): Mop,
put an end to; maid. cense, come to
an end. T 18k, 434.
Tiagrayéwes, pl: Paphiagonians, 0
people divelling in Asia Minor on
the Pootus, B 851, E 877,
maxis, chy, (ping ais): thick.
sniw, aor. wébype (roi): fetter,
ASIT.
wBdov: sandal. Bit,
webiov: plain, ELM.
smBlovsbe: 0 the plain.
$33.6
ibis: on fot (6.56.0).
weet: tnfaniry.
ribor
B S10.
mite, fut. medias, aor, miipqy, aor,
opt. remBoqen (§ 43 <), perf.
reroiiumy, plpt, érerdpan (fides,
foodus); persuade; mid. am per~
uailed, obey; port. trust, have con
fidence. & 32%
sreipap, arog? ieeue, end, Z 14S,
tapde, fut. raprroma, wor, éeapi-
cuvre, rapyPivan (0x-porior):
try, endeavor, essiry, make trial of,
put to the teat.
: Pirithows, king of the
friend of ‘Theseus.
Tripoos: Inader of the Thrucians.
Bett, 552
siipu, seit, Eeapay, port, partic, we
muppiver perce. A 246,405.
Wadéyer, -ovros: (1) a leader of
the Pylians, A 205, (2) A
102
Lyeian, companion of Sarpadon.
E095,
midite, aor, midaa(a)er, trdyvro,
nekiaty: bring near, bring to, ine
volee in j pass. approach, come near.
Hdaryxds or Tidaryés: Pelasgian.
Tb Hedaryndy “Apyos: Thessaly,
B51,
sredads, dos: dove. E778.
mihenus, cos: mee, 160,
mekeplfo, ade. weAculyOy: shake: pana.
tremble, shudder, & 536,
ThAtye: Pelins, king of Tolows, who
drove out his brother Nelens and
‘Ia half-brother Acson, ond sont
his nephew Jason in quest of the
golden fleece, B 716,
TLOAGyy: an Achaenn town. B S74.
TiAday, -oroe : Pelops (son of Tans
talus), who went from Lydia to
Elis, won the hand of Hippoda-
ania in a chariot race, established
his rule, and gave ite name to
Peloponnesax, B 104 £.
mide and widopas, aor, as pres. FrAeo,
Zerero: (more), am, B 480.
medbpion: (gigantic), large, mighty.
mihupor: monster, portent. E741.
wipro, fut. mémjo, nor. Ereupev:
cacort, attend, send. Z 168, 207.
mepmdfiohoy (irre): feetined fork
vised in sacrifices. A 468,
mrevtepie: fatherinlar, wife's father.
mivbos, -cos (diy): sorrow, grief,
mivopas (mires)! work, am busy.
smevra.deqpos (dros) : slow years olif.
merrfnovras fifty. B 509, % 244,
mershaypévey ! Despattered > perf. par
tic, of suddowe, spatter. % 208,
VOCABULARY TO THE
smewaplves: studded, pierced; pert,
partic, of mefpu, pierce, A 246,
abnor: port. of day, suffer.
nérmye= perf. of mijyvyus, fix, make
fan. B85,
memiBoyuv: redupl. 2d aor, opt, of
meio, persuade, § 43. A100,
wewhnyds, -vin: perf. as pres. partic.
of rhijaow, smite, sirike.
ndehop: covering, robe. The princi
pal fernale garment, but not made
to fit the person. Tt was a
quadrangular piece of oloth, don
bled for the
upper part of
tho body, laid
around the
person, snd
fastened by
brooches (mepi-
feet. It was
gathered at the
waist by o
girdle (Sivp). AmérAos was used.
also for the protection of an un-
used chariot from dust. E104.
remvipdvor: prunent, discreet; port.
partic. of wvéu, treathe. T148,
merolGarw: port. of rau, permuade.
mémod [rerdvbare]: pert. of ed
oxw, suffer. P90,
merorjeras: flit, hover, are in flight:
perl. of rordoya, /ly. Cf: wérowas
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD
nempupiver: fated; perf, partic. from
the sume root as rdpov, gave, flare
nished. VT 300.
wderaveras : are spread: pert, of meriim
vpn, unfold, spread out, E 195.
wemiderre: redupl. nor. opt. of wu
Béivopar, learn, §49¢. % 50,
wenvxarpiva: perf. partic. of wuaige,
cover, BUT.
nérwy, urs: my gol fellows used in
reaies by an elder or superior,
in an affectionate, condescending,
oF contemptuous tone,
sip (rept), intensive particla, one
clitic: exceedingly, very, exacily,
Aowover muck (with concessive par-
tle.). ord wép jv rioew : fo thou at
leaxt honor him, A131, 211, 241,
THepasfot, pl: a Pelasgian tribe,
Bria,
mpd, pros. inf. mepday, fitt. repyorav,
nor. Erépyerey (frre): traverse, cross,
9° through, piorce. B O46.
Tiipyopos. f.: Pergamus, the asropor
lis of Tlios, A 506, B 446, 460,
“O12.
Tpyootins: sun of Pergasus, Del-
535,
‘opposite, over aga
coin.
svdpmy, ade.
the other side of > with genitive,
sip, a0. spo (perdo): srck,
destroy. Cf. ropa. 2415,
spl, adv. and prop.: about, round
about, concerning, exceedingly.
(1) With gen. about, concerning,
for, wepictio wayrrovras* will fight
for thee, Usesd wiverbially with
gon. to denote superiority. wept
mrdvrow Epernc: to be muperion to all,
103
{2) With ace. round about,
around. wept AwBidwyy ali” Mevra:
built their homes about Dodina,
epi xéivov bikwe: endure woe abowt
Aim. epi Bopéy: about the altar,
(8) With dat. about, ala mepi
Bovpl Epurjorer: blood witl gush forth
about the spear, yxertiva meph ori
Beooy = chiton about the breast.
snips: by ‘anastrophe' for mepi, when
it follows its ense. §55e. ET30.
smprBatve, wor. inf. rei: ge
about, defend, B21,
smeplBpopos > (surrounding, that whieh
can be run around), fieetying, ro
taling, revolving. B 812, E726.
smpdyw, aor liny. xepliryen: (hold
about), defendl, protect. A 398,
srepiclorrnps, a0. meplorrnoay : set about;
wor. took (ney) stand about,
srepi-nmdrite, és (saiAos): exceedingly
teantiful, charming, ¥ 262.
arepvxhurds : famous, illustrious,
amepienreivw + slay round about.
sreptexe: aor. imv. of wepeiyw,
defend. AK 398,
ampertddopar: roll around, B O51,
sepirpibonas: curlle about.
smepterpomlw (rpérw): roll, rel around.
Thplpais, -uvros: an Actolian, son of
Ochesins. E81 ff
meprdhpabias | very carefully.
wepl-ppur, -onos (pyr): intelligent,
prudent, B12.
sepedrvay, adv, | too much, orermuc.
35
Thpnsows: of Percote. B 881,280,
Hlepréry: town in Asian Minor, on
the Hellespont. B 836.
104
mepivg (meipw): pin brooch, fibula,
One or more of these held the
wrénhas in place, over the shoulders.
rebry
alpen: nor. partic. of mipBw, sack,
ndore(¥) [drecrey), werday, wurdy: nor.of
rérru, fall. 8 482.
mizva, inf rerotuer (coqu0): (dé
gest), enjoy, nurse, B 237.
ntradov (menivvups, petal): leafs
nerdvvius, nor. eéracoay, pert. mera
ru: spread, spread owl, unfold,
A480, E195.
nermvde (séropat) = flying, winged.
vox: Bovotian village.
B90.
Tends, -bo (§ 35 8); Peteos, father
‘of Menustheus, 1B 552, A 827.
aéroyas, aor. irraro: fly. B99.
aérpy (petra): rock. B617.
merphas, ura: rocky. B 406.
néporra, sing.; appears; pert. of
spaivw, show. B 122.
népavras pl. perl, mepriyey redupl.
aor, inf.: from root der, hill, alay.
See bres sat.
medptavia > by + perf. partic, of
dpiace. A 282.
mepider: have grown; perl. of dru,
make to grow, put forth. SABA.
smeduynivov: perf. partic. of peiryer,
flee, escape. % ASB.
mh: whither? Z 377,
VOCABULARY TO THR
omy enclitio: in any way, in any direc-
tion, perhaps. jy wodiwy: into one
of the cities. T.400,
mnyertpoddos: thick-jlerced. L197,
eayt: spring, source. B523.
whys, dor, denge and xdyy, perf.
mérryer: fix, make fast, build ;
pass, and perf. am foced, made fast,
Tian; son of Antenor. E69.
Ti4aroe: von of Bucolion. 221%
TifSarvs: town of the Leleges, de-
strayed by Achilles. % 35, ¥ 92.
Perhaps it was the Inter Assos,
sride: aor. Of wiAuy toes, Z ATA,
‘TiqdetBng, Hy\ctuw, -wror, or TiyAnuie
‘Bye: son of Peleus, Achilles. Al,
146, 188, 197, 277, 322, B 674, 770,
Tinhds, -jox: Peleus, son of Avacus,
husband of Thetis, father of
Achilles, A 489.
Tar: Af. Pelion, in Thessaly,
south of Mt, Ox. B 744. Colo
brated in mythology aa the home
of the cantatins, espr of Chiron,
who trained Jason and Achilles,
siya, aro: suffering, dimster, bane,
mpeive, Hor. opt. xmpayvens : injure,
wrong, commit a hostile act. T 200,
Tiqvads: Pendus, chief river of
‘Thessaly. B762ff. Teflows into
the sen through the beautiful vale
of Tempe, between Mt. Olympus
and Mt, Osea,
Tiqrews, wv: Boootian leadar, BANS.
fife, wiges : aor. of miyvun fiz make
fast, build, T 217, Z 100
snes: connection by marriage.
Tinpely: prob, the region of Pherao,
B76,
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD
sense (iia); maimed, mute, perhaps
blind. B 599.
arhixws, “eos (elbow): arm. ESM,
Wiorys: a ‘Trojan from Peredte,
slain by Odysseus. % 80,
amiay or mdyev [mueiy] inf, wiyoda
subjy.: aor. of wivw, drink.
milo, sor, partic, rujous (sreillw) +
obey. S398, % 183,
mBépqy: wus persuaded, obeyed; aor,
of wuBu, persuade, EB 201,
svnpie 3: sharp, biting. A VIB.
atuecAnus, impf. xjerhayro (plenus):
fill. Cf. whjBw, A 104,
wivas. <axos: tablet. % 109,
mtv, aor, wiyo Qa [wis]: drink, Cf.
dans, wordy. Z 260.
wtere, cor, (Z)rare: fall, rush into,
Es,
leva: pitch 277.
surréopas, 207, murriruvro (murtdy) §
pledge. % 23:
wroris (reid): faithful, trusty,
elervvos (meio): relying on, trusting,
E 205,
Tivieis, jos: Pittheus, son of
Pelops, and king of ‘Troexen,
T M4.
Thre: Mysian town on the Helles
pont, B 820.
tov, -ovos: fat, fertile, rich.
mrayxWrras: aor. pass. partic, of
mége, drive, A 59,
shéte, nor. pass. partic. say xAérras
(hacker): drive. 60.
TDéxor: a mountain in Mysia, at
the foot of which lay Theba.
2 806, 425,
TDéraa: Plaiéa, 9 Bosotian town
2
105
{field of the battle of 470 n.c.),
‘on tho AsOpus, 8 504.
hardmeros: plane tree, B ANT,
wraris, tia 0: bron, wide feeding
(of goats). BATA.
whees (plenus) 3: full A202,
aderroy 3: most, Sry many, Super,
of ods, much, -wAdoror, wy.
the moat, 580,
whalov, wAdov, or whdwy, ahdov, dat.
ph whedveroe [wAcion, § 15 0),
nom. Ades, ace. wAdag: more.
Comp. of wodts, much, rd wAdlor
mohéyou: the greater part of the war.
‘Tau Thedvur Avation: (the majority)
the great mass of the Lyoians,
whevpé, pls ribs, side, A468,
Trnpsy, -dyos: Avtolian
BoE
wMu, inp. frkeov: salt. Tat,
wane (rAijoou, plague): blow, stroke.
B 264,
wAn0bs, <vos (rots, plebs): crowd,
multitude, the rank and file, ot
modo. B 278.
adios am fill, Cf. air dqus
wf (#AYOw) > nave of a wheel,
mhifemres riijrro): (driver of
horses), knight, horseman, BOS.
wanolos (weAdtw) 3: near ty ; ax subst.
neighbor, Appian, adv.1 near.
whferw, wor. Ajfe(y) and iefedy
you (§18 ¢), perf. partic, wexAyyurs
(wAmpi)= strike, beat, flog, smite,
wotros (wAjGos): riches, wealth,
Aq.
srwle [§ 47 7] or wa, perf. partic,
memipévos! dreathe; pert. mid.
am discreet, prudent, T° 148,
town,
106
wrviper, cvos (pulmo, ma, pneu
toma): lung. & G28.
ava: see melo.
sevonk (rdw)! gust, Blast of wind.
non of Axclepius (Ac
sculapiua), brother of Machaon.
B 732, b
cx: son of Iphiclus,
brother of Protesilaus. B 704.
moB-dpuns, -«¢: swist-footed, epithet
of Achilles, A 121, 4423,
moS-tvepon © wind-footed, sift,
moS-dnua (dmk): swiftness of foot,
fleciness. B72.
moBdens, -t5: snif/l-footed, fleet.
wodia, iterative iimpl. woOderne: yearn
_for, miss, ic. not bearing (E234).
nod: yearning. ot iuaio moby Fxov-
ow: who miss me. 2 362,
oti, enclitic: at xome time, ever.
wrod nor. wotprey, perf. menotiras :
make, build, fashion, ilo. A GOB.
smout}-aus, avtos (roi)! grassy
srounrés 33 (rosin): male, well made.
swolipa, ~aros: variegated work, 98
decoration on the border of a
garment. Z 204.
srouDior J: many colored, variegated,
artistically wrought, 327.
mowpatwe= rm a shepherd, % 25,
wows, -tros: aliepherd. —-woyséva
Aaibv! shephert of the people, an
epithet of commanders. B85.
mroyprfuos : belonging to the flock. orrab-
in roqsvjpow : sheepeote, BATO.
mow (poens): atonement, recom
pense.
oles 3: whal sort af, what, A 5&2.
round (wvéw): puff, bustle. A 600.
VOCABULARY TO THE
wohdes [root J nom, moAéas [rod Aov]
fago,: many; pl of waht, muck.
$386.
wokspines: ¢/ tear. B BBS,
modeplfia: teage Wear, fight, BAS.
wohmoris: fighter, warrior, E280.
mrodspby-be: fo battle, to the war.
(r)6kqpos: mar, battle. Often in
Hower synonymous with dyn.
wohlev [rodAdv]: many; gon. pl. of
mots, much. E G91.
wéAnee! nom. pl. of wélus, eily.
mohfras [moXlrye): citizen, wan of
(his) city, B 806,
mbhinbe: to the city, Z 86.
wohids 3: gray. A 260.
srohig, cog, dats wéAc or w6Aqy, Nom
pl wide, get radian, ace, 76
Aas: city, dnpy mods: citadel,
acropolis. % 804,
Toate: son of Priam. B 791.
mok\des: often, frequently. A BOB.
mohdby [oA¥, § 38 €}, ally.: much,
far.
wokwaif, ~ixog (dioom)= with many
onstaughts, stormy. A 165,
mohi-apn, dit. (dpves)= rich in sheep,
rich in flocks, B106,
wohv-Pevdis, & (Balis): very deep.
srohi-Poudos (Bours): (rick én ad
vice), very prudent. 260.
srohv-batbados (Daedalus) : artistically
worked, cunningly wrought. -
odd-Banpus, -v (Sdxpr)? tearful, eas
ing many tears, T1982.
wohv-Sepds, -di8os (Sein) ): with many,
(necks) ridges, many ridged.
Tlodvbetuns, eos Polydences, Pol-
lux, son of Zeus and Leds,
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD
brother of Castor and Holen,
and a famous boxer, T 287,
300.
mrodv-Bifnos (Bier) 1 thirsty, dry, arid.
4171. Epithet of Argos, which
in ‘thirsty * except for irvigution.
woht-bupos: rick in gifts, richly
dowered, % 304.
woAS-Luyor (Zuyév)! with many * yoke
timbers: strong, firmly built. B 293.
mohunxin, -€ (ij): leud-sounding,
resounding, & 422.
Tiodsihos (wodveipor): a ‘Trojan,
son of Eurydamas. E148,
wohiererros (weyriw): richly em
broidered (or marked). LP S71.
Cf. the cestus of Aphrodite,
mohv-sdnGs -idos : with many rowlocks.
wohs-wdmprog (madd) © summoned From
many places. A 498.
woRsorpytos (xcipvw)® wrought with
nck toil, % 48.
wodsexrmpos: wilh many foothills.
mohunaipavin (xofnvos): rule of
many. B 204,
novos (KeHua): rich in
herds, B O13.
wodv-Afvos (Aro): rich im fields of
grain. E613.
wohS-pqdos (4jjAov): rich in fooks of
sheep. B 608, 708.
mohd-pyris: prudent, wise, A S11,
wohopixares (unxant)= of many
devices, ingenious, crafty, resource-
ful. Epithet of Odyeoous, B78,
wohi-pidos: of many words. T 214,
Thokvvelxys, tos: Polynices, son of
‘Ooilipus, ‘Tho expedition of the
«Seven against Thebes’ was to
™
107
recover the kingdom for Polynices
from his brother Bteoeles. A N77.
Thediferos: son of Agaathonos,
leader of the Epeans. B 625.
rich,
Aaving many goods,
Tlohvroirms: son of Peirithots and
Hippodainia, one af the Lapi-
thaa, B 740, 729,
woRds or ovate, uA}, Ad gem.
modios, pl. non. wohées [woXAo% },
gen. woAdwn, no moAéas (miurAmty
plus): much, large, tong; pl. many,
moAt, raXAdn, modAA, aly. : much,
after, by far, far. woNXd tpare >
prayed earnestly. woh waite: far
qireater. odd dhipraros: by fer the
bert § 88. c. Comp, wAciwr, suport.
shaerros.
mohsenaptyos : agile. BSL.
+4 (oreo):
spread, fursouitered, B 804,
wodverdguhes (arapuAy): rick in
(clusters of grapes) vines, B 507.
mohierores (rer); causing many
groans. A445.
wohv-rpfipar, -wrus: rich in doves.
Thedignpes: Polyphemus, one of the
Lapithae, A 264,
mohidhoefes: loubrouring, epithet
of the sea, A M4.
Tokvdérmms: son of Autophonus,
slain by Tydeus. A 395.
wodd-xaheos: rich in bronze. EB SO4,
nopart (xfyirw): escort, safe guidance,
rovlopax (=dvo8) #
fa the conflict,
wives: toil, Labor, toi! of battle, (in
B20) trouble. Z Tie
wwitle
108
srovro-mipos (relpw): seu-going, sen
traverring, A 189.
mévros: seu, high wa, B210.
mbar is it possible? can I believe
it! exclamation either of sorrow,
alas! or of joyful surprise, ah!
according to the tono and connec-
tion. Cf Atle mumaz, BaBat.
woptie : destroy. Cf: wipB 8308.
anépent: forule, ving which held the
spear point to the shaft,
wépev aor, mexpupivoy porf., from
root wop-: gune, furnished ; port.
pans, ix fated, T 309, 2218,
srépos ( ferry): ford, passage.
ropetvw, fut. partic. ropevvdovou:
prepare, share. TAI.
weéprig, ue : lifer, E162,
xepbipeos 3: foaming, dark, purple.
Morabter, -aos: Poseidon, Nop-
tanus brother of Zeus, and god
of the sea. A 400,
TlonSivoe: of Poseiiton. B 506,
aréous, 405 (xiv, potio)+ drink.
még, -405, it. sere, new. ple eéerta¢
hustand, Cf rirma. 1103,
sweet [rool § 50 a, £]: dat, of wov's.
srorapde = riner. T 2
srerdopas, perf. werurferes (wéropias)t
tye port. fit, hover. BA62.
word, wor! cir Woda one time, once,
at rome time, & wore: ifever, ob
wore or pi wore: never. ob mo
wore: newer yeh never before,
A 39, 40.
srérwpor: which of the two. B85.
qrorl: preposition. Sew mpés. A245.
wrore-Synavor : aor. partic, (§ 53) of
apooBéxouat, seait for, B37.
VOCABULARY TO THE
wéeyos: fate, death, B 309,
wérma (pot-ens): mistress, honored.
Title of respect, exp. of Hera,
wordy (mirw, dues): drink, draught.
wrod: where? E171, 2890.
wos: anywhere, in any ray, perhape.
rovhe-Péreipa ( Biraw) + feeding many,
fruitful. T 89, £13,
wovavs [moAds]: much. E776.
nvie, gon, wobds, dat. pl. reo(e)éand
aréderas (pes): foot, T 13, 407.
Tipéxnos: a stream in tho Troad
which empties into the Helles
pont, 1836,
mpartBer, f. pl. > (diaphragm), mind.
pic Bvs, xpérSu (priscus, presiy-
ler): old, reverend. Super. mpor~
iraroe. 4 59, B 72h.
apie, aor. mpjaer: blow, burn.
spyvts, -é (pronus): prong, on one's
face, headlong. B44, 418.
wpiews, aor, inf. wppfa [mpdoow]
(xepiw) : do, accomplish, achieve.
TIptaniéns: son of Priam, Hector.
B 8l7, E684,
Mplapes: Priam, son of Lanmedon.
King of Troy. A 11), 265, B 37,
160, 204, 382, 414, 785 ff., T 105,
117, 146 ff, 261, 288, 903 ff. 314,
A 165, % 242 ff., Y 237, X 27 ff,
2 160 ff.
xplv (wp. prima), (1) adv.c defore,
sooner, formerly > (2) eonj.: before.
Sometimes doubled, xpi (adv)
. » «-mpév (con}.) with inf., as A908.
ob zplv drive splv Sousa: he
will not (sooner) thrust off before
you give.
xpi (pro, forth), ady, and preps:
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD
before, forward, With gon. be
fore, in front of. madi mpi pihow
pakyeGae: fight far in advance of
(his) friends. Aaiw dpoxdwere mpd
avddwy: check the people before
the gate.
Ady, before, forth, mpo wo Exqupe:
sent me forth, ra mpd dévrus the
‘past, what was before.
epo-fiatrs, perf. xpoPéBnexs: go. be
fore, nurpass. % 126.
RpoPédhe, aor. 7 3
defore me, scatter, A ABS,
mpe-Pipouha: perf. of *peBov dopa,
prefer, AMS.
mpo-Bhts, pros (mpofdhrw): project-
ing. B96,
xpe-yoterrepos: olidor; comp. of por
yenjs. B 555.
=pe-forh (mpodsxouas): tench, catch,
place where the hunter lay in
wait for game, 107,
wpodnae: nor. of mpotmun send forth,
let go, let fly m minsile, § 43 d.
rpoaplows, wor. mpudpervuy (perp,
romus, oar): row forward. A
popu, aor, xpoipurc: draw forth,
draw down, launch (of ships).
‘A 308.
pbc: oor. imy. of mpolyuy send
forth, lel go. AIM
mpo-Moves [mporidixr]: dd pil. pres.
ind, of mporiPyus grant, allow.
A201
Tipe-totrep, -opos: Bocotinn leader.
B 495,
Tpd0oor: leader of the Magaoles.
B56 ff.
sxpotoyty (Gipds): zeal, B 588,
atrew
“
109
mpeldmrw, fut. mpoidia, aor. xpo-
layer (project): send forth, send
off:
wpo-tyy, 3 sing. arpoiel, impf, po
fea aor. mpotyse (§ 45 ol), aor, im.
mpses: send forth, discharge, dir
patch, fet go, tet ly a rmissile, A
wpo-lermys, aor, partic. wporrjous
et forth, place before the rest.
Tipotres: son of Abas, king of Ti-
ryns. Z 187 ff.
mpo-nal-ltw: settle (forward). BAGS.
challenge, ¥ 19, 432,
‘mpo-yax Tu (epduayos): am champion,
sight in the front rank, P16,
mpé-paxes (asixy) * foremost Aghtor,
pspos: champion, foremost fighter.
snpowdpoke(y), adv. with gen. beflne.
in from of. B92, P29.
‘wpé-ntis, iva, -mav: all, Cf. das.
ras.
wpo-pla : flow on. E 598,
‘pis, mpork, or next, ndy. and prep.:
to, toward, on, in addition, besides,
moreover.
(2) With aoa, to, toward. xpos
Temas rerpaypivor: turned toast
the Trojans, dus xpis"OXuumer =
F will go to Olympus. PeBrxne
mpis ornbos: hut hit on the breast,
apis widen énAivdy : Leanedt againat
the bosom. mpi Minpyiden Fyeapev
exchanged with Diomed, rouira
apis @MAyAows dyspevev: said auch
Ghings £0 one another.
2) With gen from. reir
Apripea pis Tpewr: winnkag
110
wutixfaction from the Trojans, mpos
Gdze idaivos: weare (Before the
eyes) at the bidding of another.
edpriaras Olyuoras mpis Aude: defend
the laws (before the eyes of; at the
Biutding of) in the name of Zeus.
pdpropes trrur pix re Gosy apts
re dvOpionur: be wilnenrer in the
sight of (efore) both gods and men,
(3) With dat, on, at, mori yaiy
dyedéme: resting (ie) upon the
ground, mart yourae: by his knees.
mporapove: help, am of use. ob
porapive: mates no defense,
mpor-apnpax : olose-fitting; pert. par
xpooapapiiraw, jit. E
ero: go to, step upon.
ompéor-aype (els): come on.
npor-tinoy or mportwmoy: aot. of
xpéo-pnys, address, say 10, BS,
xptets(y), adv. with gen.: before,
in front of. B 350, B 56.
npécow (xpor’): forwards. A 343.
npdo-dmys, ipl. xporédry 200. poo
Gro or mporéaroy : arlilress, say to.
mpor-buriw > speak £0, aniress.
apérpos (xpd, prior) 3, comp.: be:
fore, (born before), older, the rst
‘of two, former, ol mporepoe: the
men of former days. 1299,
nporépm, uily.: further, forward.
xpon-PéXAopas [xpoe] 1 punish,
‘mpo-ridmps, Sd pl. xpoBdowmy : grant,
alow, A 201.
anpboravos: foresiny of a ship, lead
ing from the mast to the prow,
VOCABULARY TO THE
‘Pwo of them held tho mast im
place,
mpo-rptropes, aor, inf, mporpamerba: +
turn toward, give myself-up to.
mpo-pipw: carry off, bring forward,
offer, cast iu (his) teeth. G4.
mpo-gutyo, Hor. partic. xpodnrydvra:
excupe, % Wd,
‘epd-ppuv, -ovos (Aynjv): with ready
heart, zealourly, freely. Adv. por
sppovéws : readily, graciously, sel
ously, § 60a. ATT, 160.
srpo.xte: pour forth. B 485,
srpvdles, ple: foot soldiers, E T44.
xpipry: atern of a ship. E202,
‘punvferios Sh: of the stern. mpupanj-
our; stern hawners, A ATO,
epvpvse 3: last, lowest part. yhior
ony xpypviy: root of the tongue.
xpupvev OGapos: terist, E 980.
Tipiravg, -1os: a Lycian, E678.
ampeny: a little while aga, *jmat nore.”
xpoith: day before yesterday. B 3K.
Tiperegos: son of Iphiclus, »
Thessalian leader, the first to fall
fn the Trojan War. B 608 ff.
spdrurros (mpivros) 3: Jat of all,
the very firs, For the double
superlative, of English chiefeat,
xpirurra, wavs
smpard-yovos (yo): firibhorn, A102,
npwro-moryts, 4s (mires) + fuat built,
new, BAM.
-sapdres 3 (apd), superl.: frst, fore
moit, xparror, xpirra, adv: with oF
without the article: first, at frat,
once, & aporw upg: at the tip
end of the pole, %A0,
srrapi; aor. partic, of réropon fig.
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD
swrdin; elm. % 419,
TiwdAeés: (1) town in Thessaly.
B 697. (2) Colony of the former,
in Elis, B 501.
=reps-eug, ~eerera (xtepdv)? winged.
wvipeb -uyos, £-: wing, Cf, wérmmar
Tivokepator: son of Poiraens, father
of Eurymedon, 228,
wrohinlte [roheuito, § Wf) fut.
rrodeuloper [wodquotuer, § 48):
wage war, fight. B 928,
werdkapios [rilepor] ® tar, battle,
wrohlabpov (midis, $901): city, town,
seroht-aropos (mipOu) : sacker of citing,
wrddia, -s (wddis, § 30 []: city.
wriyya, -wros (wrivow): fold.
wrrverés (rier) : folded. % 169,
wrucndtw: skulk. 872,
wriécow: cower, skulle. A 871,
Tvypoto., pl. (mit, wvypy, the dis
tance from elbow to knuokles) 2
Pygmies (jistlings), the Lilliputinns
of epic times, I° 6,
svbdeto inf, wOOqar [mBy, § 44 1]
subjy.: learn ; nor. of srwOdvopaiy
inquire. B 119,
rite, fut. mboe; rot, cause fo rot,
Ted, noo.-Gvey fi: Pytho, the Inter
Delphi (AeAdof), seat of the
Pythian oracle (which is not
mentioned in the Itiad). B 6L9,
woxa: carefully. E70.
svadge, perf, partic. wervuopérai
corer. B TTT.
srve(i)vés 3: thick, dense, strong, pre
dent, cunning. & 312.
Tivkayslvas, cos: Pylaemenes, king
of the Paphlagonians an ally of
the Trojans. B 851, E S76,
i
Tiohmos ; son of Lethus, a Pelasgian
leader, BS2.
awidq: (wing of a double gate), pl
gate. Always pl. in Homer,
T 145.
Thry: Actolian town. B 639.
Thidts: from Pylus, Pylian, & 248,
4 295, B 545,
Tivhovyeri, és: Pylus born, native of
Pylus, Epithet of Nestor, B54.
Tléhos: Pylus, city on the west const
cof Peloponnosus, home of Nestor.
A 252, 209, B77, G01, y 4 ff
Bofore ite bay lay the island
Sphacteria, and in its bay was
fought the battle of. Nayarine
(Oct. 20, 1897).
wihos: gate (of Hades). E807.
spares: Just, outermost, hindmoat,
wotdropas, aor, ériBovro, redupl.
nor. wemiBorro: (ascertain), learn.
wig: with ihe fist, in baring. Seo on
Bais.
wip, gen. wupés (fire): fire, ET,
Tivpalxpns: @ Trojan ally, leader of
the Paconians, B S48,
Tiéparos: & Thescalian town. B 695,
scbeyon : tower, column, troop. T 154,
sve: funoral pyre. A 00,
wd, cnclitie: ever, yet, a any ways
Of. wie, A108, 262,
medonat, iterative impf. woAdreero
(rréhopias) : go often, resort. A 490.
wea: cover. 116.
wis: how! Th often introduces a
Cf. wy 0K, woh A OB. § 80 1.
nas 40g: flock of shewp. T 198,
P
ba: enclitic form of dpa. Most freq.
used after monogyHables,
fla or feta: easily, af care, BATS,
Bedpov (péw)t stream. BAL.
Pitw, fut. pétav, aor. dpege (pdpyor,
cf work and wrowght): work,
‘do, offer (sacrifice). maxi ae
Alovow: work itt to you.
bala: cavity. Z 138,
blo, Simpl. Spear or filer: flow,
baymty, teas (irjyrmut), fe: beach.
A437.
Harv, fut. jiifan, aor gopyter,
Bike (repay frango, wreck):
break, break through, Cf. Sppyxros.
T 348, Z 6.
prio: easily. Cf pin. 890,
"Pan: mother of Medon (an
gitimate son of Otlous). B72.
biyle, fut. pryjoay, aor. plypre, pert.
eubjy. dppiyyor (Cri gus) : shudder,
fear.
dtpor, comp. more terrible. Superl.
yperra = mout terribly. A395.
Bla: swiftly. % 511,
Pivis, f.: hide, akin, shield of oxbido,
"Pig: Arendian town. B 606.
Pave.
"PéBios: Rhodian. B ODA.
é + rosy fingered, epithet
of Dawn ("Haix), A $77, Z 17S,
"Pébos, f.: Rhodes an island off the
southwest coast of Asin Mfinor,
B Oot ff.
bot (fii): stream. 15,24.
Pixie (pw) : pole of a chariot.
VOCABULARY TO THE
purlerrodis (Upvouut)? defender of
the city. £805.
"Pinoy: Cretan town, B 648,
poyadios (jrfyryu) : rn, BAIT.
Zayyépies: the largest river in Asin
Minor, exeept the Halys, It rises
in Galatia and empties into the
Black Sea in Bithynin, T 187,
axle-rahos (rihAw): brandisher of
the shield, shield-wielding. EB 126,
eréeos, cog: shield. 1 wan very
hoary, and to manage it required
great dexterity and strength.
(11.288.) See dawie, E619,
SHIELD.
Eadaple, Ivor (Salem, of peace), fom:
Salanis, An island nour the har
bor of Athens, B A07.
Edwos: island neor Ithaca. B 634,
eréos [omg] (wants): safe, sound,
Comp. oudbrepos. A 92, 117.
ase, ful, cawras, AO. oaore: sane,
reseue, dring of nae, Cif. onion,
Lapmnbdy, -dros: Sarperlom leailar of
the southern Lycians, bravast of
tho Trojan allies, slain by Patro-
clus. B 876, E 471, 403, 620 ff,
856 ff, 683, 2199, See on B 876,
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD 113
Earvdae, -erroe: & mountain stream
in Mysia. 2 34.
wipe: clearly, exacily, hence truly.
wadmepos, comp. : more safely. A 32.
wh ano, older, oete, oto, or od
gen.) of 2d pers. pron. oi, thou.
$420,
nor. ceBiwowro: fear
reverenily. % 107, 417.
elPopes: am ashamed, abashed.
4242.
eel: brandish. KB 508,
Eadayos: father of Amphiua. K 612.
LaAnmétne: son of Selepius, Evers.
B93,
eiriver: parstey, celery. B 776.
Eadies, -wrov: (1) river in Eis
B50, (2) River in the Troad.
B 339.
ele, eri: gen. of a, $424,
via, nor. Jorma, otte OF ceiaro,
perf, fcovpay doovperov (§ 43 4),
pipf. as nor. Loowro: drive, purewe,
start; pass, hasten, urry, rush.
ala Seoeva : drevwe blood,
eta, <arog: sign, token, character,
monument, mound, portent, B Sid.
eqpalve (cpa) = give orders, A289,
ynirrep, -opos: commander. & 431,
etree, perf. oto: rot; perk. i
rotten. B 188.
Zhrapes:Paphlagonian town. BSS3.
Enerés : town on the Thracian Cher-
soneee, opposite Abydus, B 896.
BNwodor: Sthenelus, won of Capanens,
one of the ‘Epigoni'; lieutenant,
Ocpderwy, and chariotecr of Dio-
med. B 664, 4 367, © 111, 241,
835, 1 48, IT 586, W 511. Tho
name isa short form of SfetAaes,
aud thus corresponds to Anpo-
oir.
otivos, tos: atrength. B A451.
etye\s-ag, arog tahining. B 226,
eiyh: silence. atyy: silently. T 8.
evbfipeos 3 of irom, tron. B72,
elfmpes: iron, of an arrow point,
Tron was little used in the Homeric
times; nee ywdeds. & 123.
Exbovin.dev : from ZL 21.
Eibines 3: Sidonian, Z 200,
Eexwdy, <dvos: Sicyon, not far from
Corinth, to the west. B 572.
Eipdos, -cyrog: stream rising on
Mt. Tdw and uniting on the plain
of Troy with the Scaimander,
4475, E774, ZA.
Zapodtevos: a Trojan, slain by Ajax.
Att fl
Eton, pl: Siations, the earliest
inhabitants of Lemnos. A 504.
Ztrvpor: son of Aeolus, father of
Glaucus, (2 158 ff.) (Compelled
in Hades to roll uphill » stone,
which continually rotled back.
A 508.)
an silent.
in silence, silently, T05.
Exaiai, pl.: with or without wita,
the Seacan Gate of Troy on the
side toward the Greek camp.
P 145, 268, 2 287, 307, 398.
exaug (sone rus) : wilh the left hand.
Exapdvpros, adj. : of the Scamanier,
B 406 ff.
xapévSpios > Scomandrius, (1) Heo
tor’s son, whom the people called
ia
Astyanax. 2402. (2) A Trojan,
son of Strophius. E40 ff.
Exdpavbpos : Scananier. (1) A
‘Trojan river, uniting with the
Simos (£86,774), which is ealled
Xonthus by the gods. (2) The
god of the river. E77,
Zedpoy : small Locrian town near
Thermopylne. B32:
eredbésrrs : 800 neBivrryps and oxi8-
opt,
qaeretxon (oejrpov, Ex): scepter-
tearing. Epithet of kings. See
on A 18.
wetherpey (arnimropus, rest on): scep~
ter, aff. From representations
‘on anciént monuments, this ap-
pears to have been longer than »
cane. Princes, judges, pricats, and
heralda carried oxijerpa aa sym-
bols of authority. See on A 15,
extBvapas, impf. loibvavro (omedde
rips) scatter, disperse. A 487.
end-as, -o70s (oad) : full of shadows,
ahadony (or shadow-casting). Cf.
dum montibus umbrac | lus
trabunt convexs Verg. Aen.
i. 607.
exémdos (cxtmropoi!): cliff, B 308,
eon, (axe): cliff, height trom
which an extended view can be
obtained. 4275, B77.
exons (oxirropas): apy, watcher,
exémos (axdtos), adj.: in secre, a0
that a child's father is unknown,
by a secret amour, % 24,
erxéver (shadow): darkness. Z Lt.
exitopnas: am angry. A 23,
Zedhor: Bovotian village, B 407,
VOCABULARY TO THE
epapayla: resound, crash, under.
epepadlon : frightft, terrible. opepe
Badéew, opepbadéa, ndv.: terribly.
epaphvés (amart) 3; horrible, B74,
Epivdeis, jos: Stnintheus, short form
for ZpsGopOdpos, Mice destroyer.
Epithet of Apollo os the averter
of the plague of fleld mice. A Sf.
(This affice docs not seam oxalted,
but the field mice at times became
a pest. Strabo says that om Ten-
edos in his time stood a temple
ef Apollo Smintheus, and the
sculptor Scopas made for Chrysa.
statue of Apollo with a mons
under his foot.)
epebg, -eryos, fi: weal. BIBT.
ol: dat. of 2d pers. prov. § 42 a.
Eéroney, pl: warlike poople, ancient
inhabitants of Lyoia. % 184, 204.
wos or odes [aids]: safe. A LIT.
ets (ox, tuas): thine, thy. § 42 b.
erépra, pl: rupes, cables of reeds
or rushes, B 145.
Emtipry: Sparta, capital ot Lacedae-
mon, home of Menelaws. 1B 662,
A 52.
oriw, nor. omive, domioura: dram,
drew out, E 860,
eeivSe, aor. subje. cmetarye (spon-
deo): pour a tidation Cowor8i)«
ewies, gen. omeove or onde
(spolunca): care. A 279.
evietas: aor. inf. of Eropas, follow.
eovife (studium!): am én eager
haste,
emvOip, pos! spark. ATT
erhdyxea, pl. (spleen): vitals i
Jong, heart, and liver, A 464,
J
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD 115
enorS} (oxtvéw): [bation drink
offering. BA, S159.
ewovb§ (oreidw): with difficulty.
erase: slable, stall, form building,
oriurecy iterative aor, ords, erdvrey,
nor. partic.: wed to stand, took
stand ; from Toru, place, cause to
Mand,
errands (Lorry): stalled, ine. fed in a
vali. % 508.
erupihn: plumd line. B 765.
ervikay: nor, of errikAm, send, ples.
writpa: cuttoater, atem, A 482.
enixe: go, come, B 287,
erDXe, aor. ardAay : arrange, put iv
readiness, vend. toria erdAavro =
took in ( furted!) their sails. A 483.
erinpa, aros (orépu): choplet, fille!.
ervaxihe: groan. B95.
review: groan. Cf. arrives.
Enlrwp, -opos! m Greek before Troy
with a voice as loud as fifty.
E 786.
evipvow: breast. 106,
oretyos, ipl, oreiro: assert by
word or manner, boat. oredrat
ri dror ipday “Exreip: Hector acts
et if he was going fo sy something.
B 597, 183, B 832
erdanie, port. drreddvwra (are
duvos) > crown; perf. pase. law
been laid on as a crown, crowns.
orf [dorm] : took (his) Hand, came ps
aor, of Torn, place, cause fo stand,
ortg [orj, § 62 c]: aor. subjy. of
Torna
ries, -cos, locat. as gen. oryiGerpa
(§.33 a): breast. A 83, BAL,
emmpltes, aor. derripife: Lean against,
erietira, rrirarro: aor, of Zorpay,
place, cause to stand, E155.
eriPopdy : stout, strong, T3395,
ere: shine. LYD2.
orxdopas, inp, deryysowro (orrelyen
orixes) : 70 in line, 0, march. BO.
erixes, f. plz roms, ranks, él origas:
int» ranks, 40 as to form ranks,
L 196,
erdns, -aros: mouth, face. Z 43.
erépaxen (stomach); throw. T 202.
erovaxg (orardyw) : grom. B39.
eréves: groaning, groan, & 446.
Zrpariq: Arcadian town. B 606.
erparéonas, iinpf. drrpardwrro: am
encamped, am on an cepedition.
orrparée (rrdpyu) : camp, army.
orprerds (ozpepw) 3: (twisterd),
well spun, EAI.
erpldw, fut. orpiyearte, aor. partic.
orpepGérr: turn; mid, and pass.
turn myself, turn around. E40.
srpovlds (thrush): sparrow. BIL.
Erpspies: father of Soumandrius.
E 49.
erpets (orvyiw): hateful. B 985,
ervyia (Siyx): hate, dislike, loathe.
A 186,
Erinn =
B 608.
Erif, gon. Srvyés (orvyiw) f= Styx,
a stream af the lower world.
B 756, & 271.
Enipe, pl: town in Kaboew. BSI.
orebedite, aor. dorudduée (tudo):
strike, thrust, E 437,
6 or rivg, gen. win, ato, cre, oétien,
dat. oot, rot noc, of (tn, thou), 2d
pers, pron, : thou. § 42a,
town in Arcadia,
a
16
evyxadiy, sor. partic, avyxuAéoas :
atl together, assemble. B83.
eDeiw or ethdw, impf. cic, fut,
cjjoere vor, opt. GDjoue (axy-
tun): take off; spoil, strip, Z 71.
evypRAAAw, or. imy. ovppirere
bring together, pour together, unite.
P70, 0453.
Zeyn-bey : from Syme, @ small island
to the north of Rhodes, B 671,
evp-ploryopar — Covpglyyl): — mix,
mingle, of waters. B 753.
iy-mace, ovp-ray, pl: oll
together, A 90, BSG?
emp, or. ervnémnge: thicken,
curile, EB 902,
emrbpdbawr, -ovos (hpddouat) : coune
aelor, B 8T2, Equiv. to ope
nor, ovpppdowaro:
form plans with. & S387.
ety, ady. and prep. with dat: with,
together with, together. iv p” tBa-
Dow fiwots: dashed! shields together.
Askiv ow WAadverows coming with
more. vieyrer olv 'AOHuy = cone
quered with Athena’s help. aby yi
Say rE apn: will wend with my ship.
Abe criv doyyeriy + come with tidings.
Of, Siw.
ew-dyw: bring together, assemble.
etveu, impf. dual oxvirq (du):
go (ar come) together. % 120.
: aor, of cupmiyvom,
thicken, curdle. % 902.
ew-xe, imp. ovvexor, perf. partic.
euvoxundre join, come together.
thy Gpw crovoywxdre: the shoulders
drawn together. B 218, 4183,
VOCABULARY TO THE
ervv-tecin, (ervvbhjvey}: compact, injunc-
tion,
ewv-optvopas : set (myrelf) in motion,
cwveriGyas, aor. imy. ovvéeo: give
heed, attend. A768.
arts, gen. ovis (hs, $18, sow): hag,
boar, E783.
eate, aor. frdafay [rdarrw]: cut
the throat, slaughter by opeuing the
large artery of the necks
aroicov gen, wpon(v) or epi(v) dat,
edies ace: pl 3d pers. pron,
them. $420. A535,
séirepos (ocbeis): their.
A409.
odie (pels): their. $420, 0 162,
exbupdy: ankle.
eof nom., sco., wduly gon., dat:
enclitic, dual 3d pers. prom., they
to. § 42a, AB, 338,
eho, oh4 nom, nec., ehdw gen,
dat.: daal 22 pers. promy ye tea,
§420.
woulrepos : of you two, 428. A216.
erxsbiqv: ot close quarters, Ke 830,
Zxuhloe ; son of Iphitas, a Phoeian
lender. B S17.
oxebéy, ady,: near, at close quarters.
oxWor, oxdie: aor, of dyw, have, hold,
check. A210, 4118.
exérrvot (yw) 3: terrible, eruele
xin (oxiZor schism): cleft wood,
exolaro: refrain (couse) from; nor.
opt, mid. of fa, hold, checks
Zxeiver: Bowotian town, B 497.
copa, arog: dead body, carcass,
‘This is not uned as in Attio for
the living body, which is Bfuae
ot xpbs, § AT.
g 42h,
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD
#
ral: for al, the, these, they. Sen 6.
Todasmdens, cos: a Maconian, BESS,
‘ToratoviSns (§ 30 j): mom of Talaws,
Mecisteus. B 560.
radact-ppuy, -ovos (priv): steadfast.
4421,
+ shield Searing.
Of. caxiorrados.
‘ToAdipros: T'althybius, principal her-
ald of Agamemnon. A 320,
Acconling to
184), he had a
sanctuary at Sparta, and his
family lived there long as her:
alds,
rida: by ‘orasia’ for ri Aa, the
rest, $26. A 465, B 428.
ropeerlxpee, -0of (rdusw)* slesh-cut.
ting, jlesh-eleaving. & 611,
raply: housewife, 2% 381, 300,
‘rane (rdw) > steward, master.
rhyre, nor, réue [rqurw]! cut. Vio-
timu were alninin confirmation af a
solemn oath, hence Spxut rapdvres :
concluding @ wolemn treaty. Cf.
fordus icere, ferire for
dus, ‘strike a treaty.’ T 108
‘raviewenhog : with trailing robes.
ravi, aor. rdvwrouy? stretch, place
along. A 486.
rapdace, aor. subjy. ropdéy, ppt.
rerprjxe disturb (with ovy); plpf.
teas in commotion. A ST.
‘raphe, dor. répfmrer (torvus): an
frightened, fear, B 268.
‘Tépry : Lydian town, at the fout of
Mt Tmolus. E 44.
nt
‘Tépbn: Locrian town, near Ther
mopyloc. B 58%.
rhpeor, cos: thicket. FE SS5.
ralpos (taurus): full. BABI.
axa: soon, quickly, presently, A205,
raxwera, adv. superl of rayé: most
quickly, very quielly. Ger. réqurra®
as quickly ar posible, quam
colerrime. [ 102, 4 109.
raxGerahor : with nif? horter. & 282.
raxte, -elay “Wi: mejft, fleet, B67.
(que), eneliticconj.:and. rd...
ri, 1... anf are correlated, both
++ +and, ré is appended to eon-
junctions, relative pronouns, and
adverbs of time and cause in
‘order to connect the elauss closely
with its antecedent, Cf oe re:
juet whr. rd, « 16 are sometimes
‘combined with othereonjunctions,
as pir re... Bere, pir te. DAS
re to show clase correlation,
Sometimes the exact force of ré i
uncertain.
‘Teylq: Areadian town, —one of the
most important in Peloponnesua
Lofory the Dorian invasion,
BOOT.
xkpes (tego): covered, roufed. 2248.
rabyrires (rafsiv): perf. partic,
from the root Gam, astonied, dazed,
stupefed with fright. 3 243,
aebvain opt., retyngra partic: perf.
of Oviprew, dir, T 102.
relive, or. (2)rene, ple. rérare, re
riod (tendot): drow tigkt,
stretch, stretch out, T8792, 4538,
swipe: oppress, prem dant, weigh
Aeaeiinwmon, didtress. % 8.
18 VOCABULARY TO THE
vuxeremhirms: stormer of walls,
Epithet of Aros (Mare). E31,
maxis, <rgu: well walled. B 559.
nigos, -cos: wall of a city, %Z 388.
rine: nor. of rikcru, bring forth, bear,
beget. A 86, B13,
rempapoyas, nor. rexpijpayro: ordain.
rixuop: surety, plage. A 526.
rievov: child, offapring, young.
riuos, -co5 (rikrm) : child, young.
rerralvoios, nor, Terrjvuro: build,
Therwr, over! (Carpenter), Teeton, &
‘Trojan shipbuilder, B59.
rixrwy, -ovos (room texo): artisan,
carpenter. 110.
Tapelr, vos: broad strap support
ing the shield or sword. B 388,
Tdapbnos: of Telamm. Alay ‘Te
Anpsinos: Ajax, son of Telamon,
noe: (complete), unblemished, full
grown.
‘rOalu [§ 47 g] oF key fut. redéeorBa,
aor. réderuus, er » pert.
partie, rerckecuiros (rédos): com-
plete, fulfill, accomplish, A 388,
ehfpas, wraa } perfect, unblemished.
Ode, pip. dréroAro: with dri,
enjoin upon, command, intrust,
wees, cox: end, accomplishment,
ripevos (répve, tamplum): (ground
set apart), conscerated ground, con-
secrated field, royot domain, Of.
hos.
Livebos: Fenedor, an island in the
Aegean Sea near the coast of the
Troad. A 38, 452,
Tertpnfiv, ~ivog> father of Prothoos,
8 Magnesian. B75,
irwv, -ovros: tendon, sinew, A S21.
rio [rivos]: gen. ofr, who? § 426,
‘reds [76s] (tu us) 3 shine, Uy. $42 6,
‘ripas, arog: sign, portent. & 76.
pny, com soft, deticate, T 142.
(rpérw): wieldler of
the thunderbolt, Epithet of Zeus,
ripwopas, aor, pass. subjy. tpamedo-
wer (§ 45 a): take delight, enjoy
myself, TAM.
neewapixovra: Jory), B 524.
Howapes, tov, rivoupas: four, BOLB,
rerayév: redupl. mor. partic. from
the root my (tangere), seize.
§ 13 6
rirapros (réompec) 3: fourth, 7d
rérapron, ady.: the fourth times
‘reréaOny, réraveo: plpf. of rely
urvich. & 636,
rime: perl. of rijne, melt aay.
rihyea, inv, rérAafl, partic. redo
res: bear, endure, suffer; have the
heart. Soe rijroma. A298, 586.
réruer, aor.: found, came upon,
rerpaypiver: perf. paws. partic, of
Tpérw, turn. F605,
rerpoemhit: fourfold. A128,
rerpa-Odmpos: with Jour knobs (or
protuberances), which seem’to have
been used to strengthen tho hel-
mot, and perhaps to catch tha
blow of a aword. E 743,
‘rerpaxi 1 into four pieces, T 368,
-rerpfixes: was in commotion ; plpt. of
rupirow, disturb, BOS
rerptyéras: with d\eend, uttering
piteous cries; perl, pertic, of rpifa,
make « shrill noise, B14.
sera: old fellow, informal address
toan older. A 412,
kong -iyos: eicdiia, loowt, T1S1.
-reroetas perf.,.rrruydvoy perf. purtic.,
erinerro redupl. wor. of redyw,
build, make realy. rérveras: is pre
pared, appointed. rétuwto: was.
A467, E101, 27
v0 [ruds]: enclitic gen. of rls, any
one, many acne, §42¢, BS88.
‘Tebpavibms: son of Teuthranus,
Axjlus. 213, Ch TelBpas.
‘TeiOpts, <avros: a Greek, E705,
Tixpos: Teucer, son of Telamon,
half-brother of Ajax, best bowman
in the Greck army. % 31.
Tevrapiéys + son of Tewfamus, Lothuws.
Bsa.
‘redxos, -c05, ple: arms, armor, Z 28,
srevy, fut. inf, os pose, reiterGas,
aor. (rage, rerieovra, énixOn,
porf. rérveras: mate, build, make
ready, appoint, ccwuse + pass. ie built,
ix appointed, occurs, it. A4,B 101.
vixen: art, skill. Of, récriay.
‘vii aid. there, thither. EB 858.
hye, port. rérpaa (Chow): melt areay,
waste away, T1176.
Tis (telephone): far, far away. Cf.
rower: flourishing ; fom. partic,
of rycen § 47 e. % 148
mmdewharde: farsamed. % 111.
‘TiMpaxos: Telemachus, only child
of Odysseus and Penelope. B260,
3354, He was on infant when
his father embarked for Troy.
‘rmAs-tev: from fur away. A 270.
rmbt, with gon. far from, A 30.
mmAéwre: to 0 distance, far away.
wmob: far away. E479.
‘
: =
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD
119
smpdoyeros 3: /netdarn, slearly beloved,
(OF doubtful meanivg.)
‘Tyeety! w high mountain in Mysia.
Ba.
srigwero: iterative Impl. of ria, prize,
honor, § 54, S46,
rhtqur, fut. driver, avr. (€)Oyme, (2) e
oay, nor. subje, Oris [Oe § 52),
nor. opt. Oeiqv, aor. imy. Of, ac.
inf. Beier, Oijuevar (do): place, pet,
cause, make, pul in onder (with b).
A 433, B 285, Z 278.
satry | nurse, atiendant. £192.
here, aor. rikov, Freee: bring forth,
bear, beget, am father of. Cf. re
nos, Téxvov, Pores. B G28,
ipo, Lut, riwjrovoy, aor. rlaqoas:
Konan, gain honor for. A S05,
wiaq: recompense, retribution, satisfor
tion, honor. Cf moar, A169.
swvierww, nor. érimge= pluck, twitch.
atymas: punish. T2979,
stve, fut. rlocots, aor. roan, det
caro (rye) : pay the penalty, atone
for; mid. exact extisfaction, punish,
A 42, T 366,
where, rior’ or wibil (rf wore): why!
why proy? A202, 4 243,
‘Tipurs, Gos, f.: town in Argolis, fa-
mous for its Cyclopéan walls,
BO559,
vie ri, gen, réo (quis), interrog.
Fron.: whot what? ds ef: how
tong? rf (ace): why P acherefore?
$42.
‘tte, Ti, gen. rei enolitio indef. pron.:
ANG One, some ONE, many Home. Ths
ong, in any way, at al. § 42 <.
epralee (rafre): draw, stretch, B300.
=>
120
Tiravoe: mountain of Thessaly.
B45.
‘Trraphewos: river In ‘Thessaly which
flows into the Peneds. B51.
srerbenowass make ready, ain.
Tso.
VOCABULARY TO THE
eprops fat, @rhy nor., ehalme nor,
opt, rérhnnas perl., rérhaGe imy.,
rerhnérer partic. (from root rady
of: M11) Dear, endure, suffer, dare,
have the heart, B 200. .
THE BOWMAN HERACLES
From the East Pediment of the Temple at Anena
tw, itorative impf. ruexero, aor.
Erte (ry): prise, honor. A 46.
aMtwer, -ovos: enduring, E 670.
Trqwidpoe: —Tiepolemus, son af
Herucles (Hercules), leader of
the Rhodians, B 653, E 658,
‘TySdos: & mountain in Lydia, near
Sardis. B 806.
8: therefore, Adv. ace. of 8, fy 8.
rol [oof] (tii), dat, of 24 pers,
pron, how § 42a.
rot, asererative particle: indeed, of
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD
@ truth, you may know, I assure you.
(Originally. the preceding, as asi
ethical dative.) Enolitio.
rol, for of: the, these; or for of: who.
rorydp: therefore, an wo. A 76.
soto Bz such, P46.
rede, -1, dive: such, such as this,
auch ae thet. With inf. euch as
fo, -Beisedeletic.” §42¢. B120.
revetros, Tourn, ToWTo: auch.
renie, pl. (rinrai): parents, 1140,
opt, (réurw): — (cudting), stumyr.
A 235,
-régev: bow, atten pl, referring to the
three parts of one bow, —the two
ends being made of horn, and the
connecting picos
(rixus) boing of
wood. Tta manu. Ls
facturefrom goat BEN
horns isdeseribed
in S105 ff. where’
the bow of Pan-
darus seems to NZ
‘be about six feet
in length (some- viger
what longerthan
the old English bow). Horn ix
the material also of Odysseu
bow (u 995), but it has so little
elasticity that the wooden part of
the bow would seem the most im:
portant. The bowman generally
shot from # kneeling postare.
rertebe ronjée rordvbe: equiv. to
réeros. Be in deiotic,' so great as that,
rée(e)os 3: 40 great, 90 much, 90 far,
; pl. often m0 many. réo
(o)ov: adverb,
40 long
121
rererotres, roc aaiiry, racaotire: equiv,
to réoos. § 420. Baas.
were: then, AD.
rotwxa (roi teen, $20): therefore,
on that account, A 201,
réppa: 0 long. A GOH.
tpamelopay [rapmiopey]: aor. pans.
subjy. of répopay enjoy myrelf,
$331, 51d. P4ai.
rpdiper [erpddopoan, § 44 mi}: aor. pass,
of tpi, aurture, bring up.
apSdov: grew ups wor. of tpéqpun
wpets, rpla (tron, Hires): tires. BOT.
mpl, aor. Erpape, (Z)rpare, perf.
partic. rerpayudron: turn tern
from (my) purpose; mid. turn
‘myself, turn, E605.
role, or, Opeyie and drpadérny, nor.
pass. pach rpdepen [Sperry] :
ish, nurture, rear. The 2d sor,
ia inteans., grew vp. A251.
+ E599,
mid. E778,
meaning ; per-
hapa inlaid, with reference to
decorations; perhaym pierced, with
reference to the holes in the frame-
work of the bedstead for the atraps
which supported the mattress.
Dass.
‘Tpnxls, tos: Trochis, a Thessalian
town near Thermopylae. B 682,
‘Tpnxos: an Astolian. E T06.
sonxte, dat rough, uneven, jagged,
TPYARX LY, ~Thos?
(hree-edged),
three = barbed.
La
122
‘rp, perf. partic. rerpiyGras: wale
a shrill noise, -rerpiyirras Creu:
uttering piteous cries. BSL.
rpihrovre : thirty. BO10,
Tptaik)y: Tricen Thossalian town,
B 720, A 208,
rpenhg (triplex): threefold, A128,
ple : three timer, thrice. 213.
rprenabSexa : thirteen, BE 3ST.
‘xptrares (rpiros) 3: third. rpiraro:
those of the thint generation, A 252.
Tptreyima: Tritodorn, Epithet of
Athons (Minerva), A515. It
is perhaps beat treated as. proper
name,
plrov, with 26: third, for the third
fime. 225, % 186,
‘xplxa (ple): in three parts. Cf. rpix0é.
rplyee: nom. pl. of 6plé, hair, T 273,
‘tpox¥d (rpiqas § 90 i)r in three parts,
into three pieces. T 363.
Tpostir, <jvos: Troezen, town in
Argolis, near the coast, B 561.
Tpottnvoe: son of Ceax, father of
Euphernus. B47.
Tpoty: (1) s- y, the Trond, in the
northwest corner of Asia Minor,
with [ios ns its capital. B 162,237,
ri A175, 2 915. (2) Se.
rédes, Hic, Troy ituelf- A 120,
Bul,
rpbnos (xpriun): trembling, I 84,
sponte (xpixw): wheel. 249.
rpv-piduua (didos): helmet. DATS.
‘Tpyat or Tpedder, pl.: Trujan teomen.
‘Tae, -aw, pl.: Trojans. A 266,
Tpowos: of Tres. B 222. Tyra
Tema: horses which Zeus gave to
Tros in exchange for Ganymed.
VOCABULARY TO THE
Toeée3: Trojan. (Or, Typos.)
Teds, gen. Thos: Tras, king of
‘Troy, son of Erichthonius, father
cof Tus, Assaracus, and Ganymed.
E205, Se §7
‘ruyxdvw, nor. partic. ryyjeas, 2d aor.
ruxe (riqy): bit, ie upon le
cra tuys: hit and wounded dim.
i struck in
deep sand. & 108, B 587.
‘Tutatting : son of Tydews, Diomed.
E 1, 261,
‘Tebeis: Tydeus, son of Ovnens of
Calydon, brotier of Meleager
(B 649), father of Diomed, Haye
ing slain some Kinsman, he fed
to Argos, whero he married a
daughter of King Adrastus, He
was one of the ‘Seven
Thebes.’ B 406, 4 365 if, E 196,
500 Mf, % 222.
avarés (redyw) 3 z well made. ruerde
naxiv: a thorough evil. 1 81.
sriyfioe (tomb): burial mound.
-rbrq [ori], 2d pers. prov.t thou.
‘rum (rita): blow. Bi S87.
rowra, wor, Ties nite, atribe,
rurbée: litle, young. -rerbv: a tithe,
of rurGév : not even a little,
ugnse (deaf, dumb): blind. % 139,
Topuets, doe: Typhorw, a giant
Uuried by Zous beneath a moan-
tain, His efforts to rise cause
earthquakes, B 782 ff.
rigs, ruyfiras! mor. of ruyydiow, Mil,
4 106, B 587,
si or nh, adv. then, therefore.
re, adv.: hus. rive is related to
dx us rol to the article of 415,
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD
x¥
“Yépwodie= town in Phoois, B 521
A 203.
bypse Chyyromeler) 3: watery, liquid,
A312, E 908,
‘BBpos (otter): waler make. B 723.
Gbup, gen. Sherus (wer): water,
wide, gon. vlog, dat. whi, vidi ace. viéy,
voc, vié dual vie nom. pl. vies,
vides, viels, dat, vidow aco, vidas,
vlag : son. See § 37 c. A 21, 162,
B20.
‘vlavés (vids): son"e won, E631,
YA and “Yan: Hoyle, town on a
height mear Lake Copals. B500,
E708.
Ay (silva): mood, fore. T 161.
Drapes, «700: woody. % 396,
tuts or Spyes, gen. fuelov, dat.
piv, Tyye(v), pl. 2d pers. pron, ¢
you, ye. § 420. ABTS, A348.
‘Spérepos or Upss (iyels) 5 yours
mal: for imd, under, § 55 d.
bm-ateow, aor. partic. trdlgas: dart
frum uniter, B80.
im-oynde, wor. partic. tmavruicag:
face, meet. % V7.
foros (aummus) 3: most high.
E756,
twibarey: aor, of tmobeibw, fear 0.
power, A 406.
inr-alnw, fut. treifoue, acir. subjy.
Snroetfoper: concede, yield, give way.
A204, 3 02.
fmap-ixe: for twepéxu, hold over,
tower obore. B 426, T 210,
dmelp-oxen: predininent, Z 208.
2
123
"Yevipey, -ovor: a Trojan, slain by
Diomed. E 14,
dmeshe : ont from wnder, away from,
baveepipw, inmpf. imekédepov: bear
‘out of, carry away from. £ $18,
treespedyw, aor, drdkbuye: ecape,
£29, 2 67.
imesivepte(v), aud: heneath, frowe
wider, With gen. B 150.
tmdp (super, over), prep. with ace.
and gen: wrer, above, beyomd, cone
trary
(1) With ace. tmp Spay Frvde
dawn Eyxeos: the spear point came
above (over) the shoulder; trip
alouy: beyond what ix fitting ; trip
Gprua: contrary 0 the compacts,
2) With gen. or} tmip ecg
Aijs: took his stand above (hie)
head ; oréproy tmrip wngota > Irene
above the nipple; dearduBnv pikae
imip Savairy: encrifice a hecwtowb
in behalf of the Greeks; brip ater
aloye’ devina: I hear reproaches on
thy account (about thee).
tmp: for drip, when it follows its
case, $550, E339,
fmep-AdAopas, aor. partion tmepetA-
paves: leap over. B 198,
ee aaa Cte
P 107,
“Ymipaa: Hyperéa, epring at Pherso
in Thessaly. B 734, £457.
tmep-dxw or trapixe, aor. subjy.
tedpoxg: holit uner, torer abooe.
ol xeipas tauipeye: field Ais Annals
over him, ine, defended him, BASS.
fmep-nvopiov,, -ovros (ixip, dinjp)
dave a.
124
“Ymemotn: an Achaeon town on the
Corinthian Gulf, B 578.
Griphe(v): above, on top. B218.
trip-Oines : highapirited. B46.
tevpaetBavres: glorying ovwrmuch, ex
ulting ; pl. of tmepriBas (xi805).
drep-pavia, -&3 (wave)! all powerful.
Epithet of Zeus. B16.
temip-wopa: Ieyond what & fated.
irevpomAty: arrugance; pl, arrogant
ols, A205,
foriparxg: aor. subjy. of dmepdxw,
hold over. S249,
mpdtados: involent, man of violence.
dmupdvov (torép) : upper chamber,
bedemny, bricray [brécrpow]: aor.
of Upiormus, promise, B 280.
tndxa, aor, partis, broryiv: hol
xnder, put mares to the stallion,
drrjeonay: aor, of tmorhipa, hear
‘away from danger. E 835,
tevexvlopas, aor. imv. tmderxeo, aor.
Sud. droeryderOue: promise. A S14,
frrves (Somnus): aleep. BM,
4nd and Swat ($ 55 d) (sub), adv,
and prep.: under, dencath. bed
fipcon eppara veiw : took props from
under the ships. Sms 8 Ippara
rdvwrowy: (atretched) placed propa
beneeth. trai TBerxe > atieays
looked down, tnd rpbpos ee
“Ayaiois: trembling wized the
Greeks beneath (i.e. in their knees)»
Sons Gr wend: Uhe earth rum
bled beneath. tri Tpiies xeni-
burre: the Trojans withdrew before
(hire).
(1) With nce, ted ortos pAave
ida: drove his flock under (the
VOCABULARY TO THE
shelter of) a cuve ; dard Gepdv Fyaye?
Jed under the yoke ; tr” lAuov HABE =
came under the walls of (i.e. to)
Hing: td reixos dyoyovre : leading
under the wall; im’ boréor pAvE
dxwrj: the point penetrated to the
bone: ines KuAAyjvepe Spot: al the
foot of Mt. Cylléne; trad 6B
“IBgs: at the foot of Mt. Ida,
(2) With dat, dm wAaramorg:
under a plane tree; tm otpavgs
beneath the heavens; ted Tpcaday
at the foot of Mt. Tmolus; deray
ted duyd: placed under an oak;
td xepai, ima Boupi: under (ie
by) hands, spear ; bx’ TobelBy seho-
viovto dadayyes: the ranks were
driven before the son of Tydeus;
Beioy tnd mipory: cmatucted. by the
gods ; Biipyos, iv in’ “ABuiry
rixe “AAmons: Eumelus whom
Aleestis bore to Admetve,
(3) With gen, under, dy. ted
redauivos: under the strap; Ora
orxovres iid’ “Exropos: slain at the
hands of Hector; vies xovdByoav
diorivrww te” “Axons the ships
resounded as the Greeks shouted
(a a result of their shouting)
Boupis im” dvipos: the axe (goes)
is dricen through a beam by @man.
two: for brs in some instances
when it follows its euso, § 55e.
bro fdityy: interrupting, A 202.
fmo-tibe, aor, imBauray, plpfe me
BeiBuruy : fear, ahrink before.
treo-Eéxonau, aor, tmeBifaro: receive.
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD
‘imé-bpa (Bipropat): askance, darkly,
AMS, B245, A349,
twoulfope: aor. subjy. of tmeixw,
wield, give way, S62.
"Lrod9fian: Lower Thebes, situated
on the plain. B 505.
trro-riopas, nor, partic. broxioupévy *
become pregnant, eonceiee.
wrjoow, crouch unter, $49 a,
dmomdaduios 8; lying at the foot of Mt,
Plocus, 2397.
oxriopa, promise. A S14, Z 03.
imé-oxere, os (bruryvdoum): 0
promise. B 288, 340.
dmo-exév: aor. partic, af iméym, holt
under, E 269,
dmd-rpemos: coming back, back.
tro-bipa, act. teryjruxuy: bear away
from wnder impending danger,
withdraw,
bmedfros (Spopiai) : lerpived, an object
of contempt, T42.
Genes (supinus)? on one’s back,
tackwards, supine. 108.
"Ypiq: Bocotian town near Tana
gra. B 400.
125
"Yoni: town in the northern part
of Elis, B GL,
“YpraxiBne: son of Myriacus, Asins.
Bssie
Uihaive (ined, woof): weave. iow
. brérry, deirrav
[inéarnoay]: promise, B20,
a-ipebis, 5: highroofed. B213.
inpmdés (Sraroe) 3: high. B B95.
“Yvivep, -opos; a Trojan, son of
Dolopion. E76.
Sbeanctte & (iyi) louily neighing.
(Bpeue) : bigh-thunderen,
Epithet of Zeus,
bp Ltuyos (Cup): highsthroned, Epir
‘Uet of Zeus, 2 166,
Wyewvion (oun) i Mghegated.
Sy-spebor (dpi): high-roofed.
yoo, uly. high. A486, % 609,
7
Hhavler [éehdvGqoar, § 44 mi]: nor. of
dacivuy flash, gleam. A 200,
dye: sor. of foflio, eat, BOLT.
damrds (grins) 3: slashing, shining.
nor. puss. garter [eee
126
Galbipos: illustrious, giarious, 227.
Haines deiner’ opts of dpi, ey.
avo, -oros: Phaenops. E 152.
dairw, nor. Epyve, aor. pases. (2)pdvy,
perf, sing. mécayrar: show, cause
to appear; paws appear, A ATT.
Gaieres: eon of Boras, an ally of
the Trojans. E43.
bavrrés: Cretan town, B 618.
$6Aay§, -ayyor ( phalanx), fom. : rank,
column. B58, P77.
409: born of metal on the helmet
Which strengthened the helmet
und caught the blow of a sword,
ZA. Cf. rerpachddypos.
ir [Edaows'): impt. of gmat say
(hink). % 108.
sérn, pavivra : appeared > wor. pass.
of duiva, show. T 81.
aon, «os [pie : light, light of snfery.
opirpy: quiver, AAS,
Dip, or: Laconian town, B 582.
Sd ppaxnv (pharmacy): drug, herbe
6pes, cos: a linen ofoak, worn only
hy princes. See yAaiva.
décor, dire [ihn] impl., péoba
inf. of qypi, aay, asxert. B 278,
dderyaroy (oddfw): sword. A 100,
dhe: manger, Z 506.
éPopm: flee. CF. défos.
SuGerwos: grandson of Heraclea.
B O78.
iSopas: spare (with wen). E202,
(dev), nor. Ereqive, redviuen, port. pl.
rigbavtae: bill, slay. Cf. pbvor.
deeds: Arcadian town, B 606,
Grpat: Thessalinn town. B71.
Hipeshos: son of Teoton, B 59,
dipvrron: best. pipuore: good sir,
VOCABULARY TO THE
Giprovos, super), : beat, bravest.
diprepos, comp. better, mare power
Jul. A169, 186.
ipw, fut. ofoe, aor, subjy. eveinm,
aor. inf. olodpem ($481) (foro,
bear): carry, bear, bring, carry aff,
draw,
etyw, fut. geifovrar, nor. quryay,
port, partic. mepryycvor (fu gio):
Slee, escape, BAT.
Of [dby, $43.1); impl. of dnl, aay
Oh: ws like os, BLS,
senycis, -jos: son of Dares, slain by
Diomed. E 11 ff.
Shywos: of oak. EB 858.
ouyés (fogus)= oak tree, oak
dan opt. poiyy, partic. ddvres,
2d sing. inuph. LpqeBu [days
sing, $9 [&pn}. 3d ph ddr (Epacur]
(futeor): say, aster, betiewe
(often of an incorrect view), See
drov and dpw. B 129, 24%
hp, gen. dnpdy (fora): the Theasa-
Finn form of Op, will animal. Ut
inused by Homer only of centaurs.
Tho centanrs sro nob described
by Homer, but their dual nature
(half horse and half man) seems
not yet developed in the story,
aqph: nt or near the site of the
modern Kalamata, at the head of
the Messenian Gait. B 548,
Pnonrsdting: sun (or grandson) of
Phere. B 703.
G8éve, aor. partic. pikiumros: get
the Mart of, anticipate, yl tBare
Poipevos: Kil me first. EAD.
$n: Plthia, (1) Thessalian town
on the Sperchéss, home of Peleus.
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD
B 68% (2) Country about the
town, A 155, 169.
POinvbs: fo Pithio. A169. § 336,
SAvide, iterative impl. pOuiBerne
consume, pine, waste away, perish.
Hite, fut, pOlom, piple ebMare :
waste away, pine, perish, ities fut.
destroy, Kill, ZA0T.
Papav or DOapay: a mountain in
Caria, B80
$0ie~rep, -opos (divjp)! man-dertroy-
ing, B S38.
HMoyyh (cliphitong): voice. B71.
G0dyyou: cwice, E234,
Horie: yruilge, deny. & 55.
-$u(v) : inseparable suffix, ending of
an old instrumental case. Added
‘to the stom of a noun, it forins 6
genitive and dative in both sine
gular aud plaral, which is geu-
erally used as an instrumental,
ablative, or locative case. § 33 a.
$Miw, ilerative impf. dudéeonen, aor.
SiAyow, 2gLdaro, in. irae, Pedy
dea [eprrjOyour); love, entertiein
ae n friend, receive haspitahly.
dudo-nrvaniraros (xrlavov), superl.:
mont greedy of gain, A122.
Ddonrimms: Philoctetes, a famous
bowman, who had the bow and
arrows of Heraclex, BIR
dro-mpabie, -ts (smile): daughter
Epithet of Aphrodite.
duwing.
SW.
00s B= dear, beluoed, plewsings aa
subst, a friend. Superl. dtdraros.
ido iv often used in Homer im
@ familiar tone, where the lew
emotional Eng. idiom woukd
-
127
not use dear, but it is distinctly
more than the possessive prov
noun, and port of the original
coloring is lost ff it 4s ronderod
simply by Uy, his, ofc. Ut in a
standing epithet with words
which denote relationship, or a
part of the haman body, or the
mind. A 50, B56.
GSMs, TOs love, friendahip, aw
pitahty, B 282, P73.
G0hug: gladly. § 50 e-
$Adyoos (pAsg, fulgeo):
Ghose: hark af a ten. A297,
GrotePos: din of tatite, B 322,
HP Blopar, nor, P5CnBer [¥oBifry
cru), ofyBeis (héfox): flee in
fright. $17." Z 185,
doflovsbe: ro slight, E252
Pipes: Flight, brother of Terror
(Aapds), AAO. Seo Apgs. *
éBos: flight.
doipes: Phoebus (shining ?).
thet of Apollo. A 43,
doing, -ixus: purple, ATH, 2219,
porrda, impf. porraw [dpoirwv): yo
to and fro, wawler up and down,
BIT).
odads (falx): handy leggecl.
CF hems
Biv.
B21.
dbros = slowghter.
otee: pene.
booby: fockter.
pople, iterative impt. dopéorxor, inf.
dopiay ancl opium (§ AT Ay
(dépw): bear, curry, wear, dewe,
B 107,
a leader of the Pisry-
fians, B S02,
Atooont, yas, f.: tyre. A 603
ee
128
s6es oF hotter 608 (dos, doe): Light,
dee help, anfety.
dior Se: U0 the Light, B 909,
Spdtonas, ace. imv. dpdorm (dbpyv) :
make elear to (myelf, consider,
plan, think. A 83, 354,
dpty, gen, dperds, fem.: the diaphieugm
aw teat of intelligence and footing,
mind, heart; ofvn in pl. A 103,
B33, P45, 442,
Sette, dat. dprirodur (§ 33 a)
(frater): — broiherhved, — clan.
B63,
Gpleow, perf. partic. as pres, me
ebpinviass bristle, 2 282,
$povia (pyr): think, ewusider, plan.
dia Ppoviow, & ppoviww: well
disposed, friendly.” & 73, A219,
poy, pls Phrygian. B 862,
Piss.
Gpvyin: Phrygia, district of Asin
Minor, T2164,
0 [Zpu]; grew; 2d aor. of gia, put
forth. & of Pt yapl: (grew to)
clung ta his hand. 2253,
$6yq, diy01: escape; aor. of daspu,
flee, 8360, 2 59.
4h (di): form, nature, BOS.
ddan: Thessalian town, B O06 Mf,
Ahaaiinas som of Phyloow, Iph
clus. BTA5,
didaxos: PAylacus, a Trojan. 2 95.
Suddeorw (idag): guar, wateh.
hatin: sn of Phylows, Meges.
B28,
uate: Pliyleus, son of Augtas, futher
of Megos. B 628.
Siddov (dio, folium): leaf. A254.
ihe (gin): tribe, race B09,
VOCABULARY TO THE
gidome, «Bos: din of batile, Batlle
eld, S82, %1,
Peds, partic. Guewuvrag: snort,
Spierttoos (chrin, Con)) “giving:
Hirodah (Gundy) «fruit lansh, vineyard
‘or orehard tank, % 198.
duniw, aor. ednirevouy (suri): set
out, plant. ZA,
ie, ful. plow, 24 nor, Gi perf.
repiaors, ply. mepinee (Fai, be):
put forth, cause to grom; 2d wor,
and perf. grow, and also eile in
Zuo,
onits, yon, Poxjov, pl: Phocians
people of Phovi, B SIT.
orden, aor. quivyerey (qpunyp): speak,
Tet one's voice sound. piv davjoas
spoons : he lifted up his voice and
addressed him, A 201, 833.
dork (dru phone): voice, T181.
ae, gen. purde: man. 53.
x
X) fora 153, E351.
xalouas, aor, xenddovra (§ 43 ©),
aor. partic, yureduercg: site
draw, give way. & 497, 635.
xelvw, sor. opt. yurors men. A188.
xelpo, aor. éxapy. xdpgrar, aor. opt.
xupely, mexupoiaro (yearn): refaice,
am delighted, — ywépere: hail, tho
oustornary farm of greeting.
xem, pl: dain, mane, % 808.
Xederalves am angry. B 87S.
xaderde 3: hurd, Aarsl, crush A GAG,
adeco-Bbgmg, nos! cluil in bromse.
x@aes or yédeaoe 3: of bronze,
bronze, ronce pointed (of a spear):
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE ILIAD
XMAni-puvor: with Drazen poled,
lourd-voived, of Stentor, B 785,
XeAneis: With dvijp, smith, worker in
bronze. 187.
xadx-ipns, -es! Groce, filted with
bronze, bronsetipped. E316.
Kadxis, -ldos: Chutes. (1) Peinekpal
town of Eubowa, B 537, (2)
Actolian town, B 640.
Xadro-Pariys, <5: will bronze (cov
ered) threrkold. 426.
XeAKe-Kopurrhs (nopriraw): helmeted
with bronze, in bronze armor,
xadnig : Uronze, copper; bronze tool,
noord (6f. the Eng. uso of steel),
armor. Bouse wae the most im-
Portant metal of the Homeric age
for armor, wespona, tools, and
utensils. Iron was but little used.
X@xoxtrer, -ovoss (with bronze
tunic), bronseclait. A 871
Xodnwbornsérs: sum of Chalerdon,
Elephénor, loader of the Abantes.
B 541, 404.
xenda (yG00,
ground. E300,
Xenate: tothe ground. §33e. T29.
xapad! on the earth, on th
xerbéww, aor. gabe (pre
Aa.
are: aor. opt. of 0
xeedSon: ravine, 3 154,
xépn, xapey: aor. of yulpm, rejoice
Xepbes, -crros: graceful, beautiful,
pleasing } superl. xopréoraros.
epitopes, air. opt xupioura, perf.
humi): to the
check, contain.
partic. xeyapurpive (xalpo); ilo a
facor, gratify, give glarlly. epee
Zour, ie ander to please ; pass. am
129
dear. duh negogaerpive Orgs tle
fight of my heart, B 248,
xépus, 1705, acc. xipw: yrace, furor.
Xépures, ph. = the Graces, goddesses of
grace and heauty. 33%
XAppa, -aroe (xajpu')= joy, detight.
xépnr (xuipo): (Joy af battle), battle.
Xépowos: fathor of Nireus, B 672,
xaowdpevos: aor. metic, of yéCopum,
withdraw, gice way, & 935.
xaritw: lack, sfesire,
xetuappos (jhéw): swollen vith rain
and melted snow.
xeulpios +; of winter, wintry, B24.
Xepaln, Gyo (hivme): winter, IM,
xelp, gen. yeipde. gp ,
dat. pl. xeiperos
or xepott hand,
arm. xdlpas divas
oxiivi With pr
lifted hands
This was the
usual attitude of
rom,
just of the
tours,” famous
for his kuowl:
edge of modi-
cine nod diving.
tion, loacher of
Asclepius (Aes. <—
eulapius) and ***st drerxdr
Achilles. A219, A 332
Xeendrpen, Cora. ; morse, inferior.
Xiptlor, -ovos, comp. = worse, inferise.
‘ri yepelonn mag : torte plans preva
xdont, dat. xdonu 80°. dorm, comp ¢
130 VOCABULARY TO THE
arse, inferior, an inferior, a sub-
Jel, & man of Tow elegree.
XeppdBrov= stone for throwing.
Xep-rhwrropos, wor. xeprizavro (xeip) +
teash (mg) hands, AMD,
xepet dat. pl. of yelp, haw.
xdpoos, fem. : the lant, shore.
xde, or, Exe or Exeve, xivro, perl.
xix, pip. éxuro (fundo,
guak)® pour, heap (of » funeral
mound), throw into a heap. abv
Spin Exevay = broke (threw into a
disorderly heap) the vathe. apg
viiv dxetaro mixea: threw (her)
‘arms about (her) aon. Bdinpw xéuw?
weeping. 270.
Xipoupa
xtmats : for pad Hpueis, we also, § 26,
x4m Bon. xyror (anser): goose. BAGO.
Xtom + bereft, widowed, widow. 2408,
xnphe, wor. yore (oH) = empty,
wake deserted. ¥ G42.
axapecrin : distant relaticr, “next of
kin” E158.
xfros, -tos: leek, want, Z 463.
X@tés (her), adj.: yesterday, haw
terns, § 500. yOgd: adv
xtdy, gem, Boros (xual, humus) +
earth, grown
Xiparpa : the Chimacra, a monster
described
fn Z 170
xinaipa: « xbegoat, % 181,
xituy, ~Gvos (Phoenician Kitonet =
Hinen; cotton): tanio of linens the
principal male garment, edten
the only garment worn at home,
The yerdv worn under tho ware
rior’s armor was short; that worm
in peace was Jong «and sngirt.?
xAsiva (Inenm)s otoak, woolen mantle.
This was often dyed purple,
xehds, -ddos, fom. pl:
entrnils, gute, & 520,
xéhes: (gall), sudden
anger. 8 887.
xersu, fut, inf, y0dw-
oipan, nor. partic. yor
Dwoipevos, serfs par
tic, neyoropirow fut,
exoddorerat, nor. pass. |
XAGAn (x6d08): |
anger, vex. Pass, and
mid. am angry ATS,
xehurde: angry. A2AL.
xopdvete: to the dance.
T 393.
xepés (chorus): (yard,
place af dence), dance, T 994,
xpaurpia, aor. xpaizye: avail, Nelpy
ward off @ foe from another,
xpave, 20
slightly, graze, E188,
xped cots (xpy)i need. A SAI,
Xeq = necessity. Generally used Tike
xpi dora: it is necessary, one ought.
Xpoplos: (1) son of Priam slain by
Teaver, E160, (2) Sou of Neleus
and Chloris, 4 205,4.286, (3)
A Lycian, slain by Odysmua,
EB 0v7.
FIRST SIX BOOKS OF THE U1AD
Xpopee, ao! a lender of the Mysians,
B 858,
xpéver (chronometer): time, B 209,
Xpode gen, Xxpda aces: of xpd, akin,
body, & 130,
umog : with goliten fronttet
Cieadband). Lee the straps were
adersed with gold. E398.
XpWe-Gopes (lop): with golden sword.
xetoa(sJos 3: golifem, A246, S111.
Xpieq: Cheysa, town on the coast
of the Troad with » temple to
Apollo, A 7, 100, 390, 431, 451,
Xpoenis, Lor; daughter of Chryse,
captured by Achilles and given
fo Agamemnon, A 111, 143, 182,
810, 369, 439, She is never called
by her own name, and the *pat-
ronymic’ may have meant origk
nally only ‘mafden from Cliryra.’
Of Bpurys. ‘The demand. for
her return to her father caused
the quarrel of the princes.
xpte-Anos : flasking with gurl, Per
haps, with golden reine (ipvia).
Epithet of Artemis, Z 206,
Xpbes: Chrgses, privet of Apollo at
Chrysa. A 11, 870, 442, 450.
Xpteré-Dpoves: qoldendhroned. A GIL
xpleée: gel. BSTS, Z 48.
Xpure, gen. xpods: atin, body, A $10.
xirre: aor. of yd, pour. A 626.
Xvrds (yds) 3: Aeuped up. % 404,
xeMs: lame, BIT,
Xsoner, aor. 2xGouro! aM angry; aw
full of rage. A Bt.
Xwple, 07. gopyoaw: give yay.
xéon: place, % 616.
xpos: place, space, 1316.
181
a
Panallos (Gatos), form: eeu, A188,
uric 3b: spare. B20.
Hoobly, od (YedBopiat) > loos Har,
4055.
peibopas, aor, partic. Gevonyeiy: bir.
Yeropcvoi fame: bare
Vygis the breath of life left him,
ic. he fainted. E296,
Yxese: cold. BTS.
a
&, interjection: O, used before the
vocative,
4, interjection followed by pal or
xéru, expressing surprise or dise
pleasure: oh falas! A254, 414,
Bbe: thus, in this scey, ax filles,
OB. Bh Oh OH
or Gs... bbe: ae... ao. T 224.
si, aor. Surely), Seuro: hewn,
drive off. A220.
Styrerro: mpl. of fy open.
B 800.
xo (Gis), advy.: quickly, swiftly.
“Daadlq: Bocotian village. B 501
“Dnenvég: Oceanus, a broad stream
which flowed about the earthy
2) Ges of this stream, A 423,
rs,
Sender [ siPyou ter. of oinény fn
Aolit, colonize. B 688.
Sas-popor: (of curly death), sharetieed,
Snperl. dxerpopdiraros. AMT.
Gexé-mropos: exif, emifily suiting Cot
ships). A 21,
Pl
132
Sxberove, -woBos : stviff-footerl, fleet,
Subepoos (fiw): sieifily flowing.
Gude, dnd or dneia, Sxl: roif?, fleet.
"Davin wérpy: wail to be the peak of
Mt. Soollis in Achaea near tho
frontier of Elis, B O17.
"Drewes: Avtolian town, B 690.
Brava: noir, Of GAvu, destroy, lose.
Sydnee: wor, of dud, wn with,
associate with. A261.
dpo-Berda, nor. dysnDerneray (duds, 71
yak: place pieces of rie meat (pow),
Spon, gen. and dat, dual dipouy
(umerus): shoulder. A 45.
pds: raw, uncooked. X35.
Spo-béyos (qpayedy) : rvnflenh-eating.
Shoger: aor, of otuigo, groan, P04,
Srmeas: aor. of dyivnm, help, please.
Gxucav: aor.of dmitw, grant. Z 157.
Grerqrav: aor. of derrin, roast. A AGB.
“Dpas, pl.: the Hours, Seasuns, door-
keepers of Olympus, 8749,
Gpigare: aor, of dpéyrnps, reach,
stretch out. E851,
Sperew: dnt. pl. of dap, wife.
Spm (year, hour): seam (of spring).
Sppawe: impl. of Spuairo, revdlre,
ponder. A 193,
Sopare imp Spmnee aor: of Spuduy
rush, hawten. T 142.
Sprvra impf, Spex pro, dpope
(§ 43S) aor.: of Spry, rouse, ex-
cite ; mid. nrive, hasten, A10, P13,
fe or Sa, adv.: thus, #0, im this way
Se... Ger thus... aso ae
sian. thus, Ge atrws: Chur in
the same manner.
dn, adv: as,
(1) It introduces relative and
VOCABULARY
comparative sentences in the sense
of a4, like as, often corresponding
to n ds, ribs, oF obrw.
(2) As a con). de Lntroduces (a)
temporal wntences, as, when > (6)
dependent declarative sentences,
fow, that; (0) purpose clauses, fn
‘order that; nck (dl) wishes, O that,
would that
Whon ds follows ite noun in the
sense of fike, as, it is accented a,
e.g. Gein Se: ax a gk When it
‘thus follows the noun which it
modifies, St generally makes the
prwcoding syllable long by posi-
lion, § 32 4,
Seay, Gearo: aor, of SPéw, drys,
drive off. & 585, % 02,
dyets asi B70,
de mp: just ax.
Gs re: as, just as, (Never, so that.)
dred: wound. AMO,
“fires: son of Poseidon (Neptu-
nua), trotherof Ephialtes, B385,
derpives nor. of Srptves, impel, arouse,
urgeon, S73.
wirés: for 5 atrég: that very ene.
$20, E S00.
ShAMev or Sedov: ought; aor. of
Sqpa'Aua, owe, Tt ts used with alfe
and dy to express » wish which
cannot be realized, Z 960.
fxere + Impl of ofyonas, goaeay.
Sxdqear: nor. af dys, am out of
temper, vexed, A B70.
Sxpos + pallor, paloness. P35,
SY, gen. dds (Suma): foe, counten
nance. eg dara: (when one looks)
in the face, in countenanee.
WORDS EASILY CONFOUNDED
dyulpe: collect, tylpe: rouse.
Byev (cyvups) : mere broken. fyer (dyw): he led.
Byopev: we lead. dyfuey [dyer]: to lead.
Byer: leading. ysy (agony): assembly, contest.
Adxev: unwilling, dxlav: in silence. dxler: grieving.
Stowas: cry. onan: rev
&xov: javelin, dart, ev: une
in vain. duos (GAs) + of the sea.
O King. Sve (adv.): up. v4 (prep.): up.
+90, then, ted: prayer.
atrh (airds) : herself. durh (abw) : ery, shout,
Pheopey (aor. subjy.):letus causeto go. Pnedyeba: te will go.
Blos : life. Puss: bow. Bin: might.
Bpords: mortal. Bpéros: gore.
‘yota [yf]: earth. yolav: rejoicing.
yipas: prize of honor. ‘hear: old age.
‘yoov (aor.) : they lamented. ‘yeor (acc.): lamentation.
SeBpnndvor (Biuw) : built. BeSptyerta (Sdyryut) : we are subject.
Selxvupan: greet, pledge. Beberops: point out.
Sebopas: need. Sebu: moisten.
SApos: country, Squse: fat.
Ala, ace. of Zevs. Sta (8ios): godlike. 84 (prep.): through. 8la: feared.
Biba : enter. Séu or Bo : 00.
& (imv, of édw) : allow. ta (eram): I was.
davis: pliant. devia: rode.
Hos (gen. of dis): raliant. ds (suus): his. Up: of hers.
Bower [eiBdpey]: let us know. oper: we sare,
at: opt. of efi, am. iq: aor. opt, of Tau, send.
duly [opéy} : we are. Yer [elvai] : to be.
ya: T go. ata: Dam,
clpiaras, perf. pass. of pw, draw up. alpsara, pres. mid. of épvowat, guard,
183
184
alate (cide) : seemerl,
txares (of Apollo): fardarter.
Aeros (4f) sir.
Dadhos: deer.
Waper (dul): we are eoithin.
deni (Fos) : by word.
Fens (ajal) : an upoo,
dpdopas: protect.
xe (imy.) = hold.
twyplo (dypéw) + take alive.
Hs quoth, anid.
Fryepa (Zyaipw) + roused,
thn (olda) = he knem.
we (Imus) iD hourled,
Hparo (dpvipac) > gained.
Olaoy: brinstone.
Glory (Pim): they ran.
Xe [elie]: he suo.
Teper: devine, hasten.
Suv [lea]
Tra, ace. of fe: strength.
le: arrow,
tear (lac)
kapmds: harvest,
neivor [dxelvos] + Mat, yon,
xfip (xapdia): heart.
fo 90,
they went.
wdan? hair,
xpos! atrength.
Daae: stone
Alwar = harbor.
Diu: Loan, release.
pins: wisdom, device.
vate = naiad, nymph
nds (eis) : of the ship.
vous: pasturage.
a
tedy (ace) : gui
Dewpaiy
nbs [vews] : temple.
WORDS EASILY CONFOUNDED
aloraro (Teint) = hastened.
dxardy (cen tum) > hundred,
dere (de) outside off.
adihas : seury.
Gvapav (vj) + ctisributed,
del = since, when,
Fess (as) + come upon.
dpio: drain.
xe [elye} : he held
Twyple (dyelow) : rewire.
truly, fi: in queations.
Hrwlpowre (dycipw) = they axsembieid,
fn,
alreaty.
uw t J ovine
4paro (dpa) * prayed.
inv: divine.
Goby (ace.) + swift.
i (conj.) : and.
Taps: send.
Toper: fet as yo.
fv (conj.): in orien thot.
ip [évi, dat]= one.
Ywaawy (ola) = they beow,
wopmds : wrist
sards © emply.
whips fate, death,
Attic nbpn: village.
xparde (nap) : of the head.
Aade : people.
meadow, Alpwq: fake,
Rowe: wash, bathe.
wih ns © 0 one,
whe (fib) + switless.
wios: nem.
Attic vipers fain,
WORDS EASILY CONFOUNDED 185
8 [és]: who. 8: which. 8: he.
otos : alone. oles: of what sort, olay (81s) : of sheep.
Spupe (pert. of Spryus): he is aroused. Gpope (aor.): he aroused.
& (rel.) : who. be (F6s, possessive) : his.
booa: rumor. Seea (Sa0s) : how great. been: t100 eyes.
e88as: ground. 0863: threshold.
‘ebpes (Spos): mountain, obpos: wind. —obpés:: trench. —_obpetg: mule,
84 (vox): voice. Sy (xpdo-wrov): face.
swulpe : pierce. rupbopas: attempt, essay.
srulowtas (fut. of méoyw): suffer. _weleearBas (fut. of weiBu): obey.
srlarras (Gaivw) : he appears, sigavras (fer) : they are slain,
watov (wAeios, plenus): full. ‘Mciov [méov]: more.
roMdes [srohAo‘ ] : many. wédnes [1éAas]: cities.
oder [woAAav]: of many. rod [wodewy]: of cities.
wéduos (gen. of wédis): of a city. wodiés: gray.
wréou (potens): husband. wiews (potio): drinking. wort (mous): with feet.
wipis: wheat, xvpés (gen. of wip): of the fire.
Bivés : hide. Bivés (Ai6) : of the nose.
ewtvSe: pour a Libation, owcibe : hasten.
en}, aor. subjv., and ef [orm], aor. ind. of Zormu.
tlw: honor. rl: punish.
‘rol [aot] : for thee. rot [ol]: these.
viés (nom.): son. vlos (gen.): of a son,
$f [iby]: he said. $4 (conj.) : as.
$03 [pds] : light. és: man,
pos (umerus) : shoulder. Suds: rave, cruel,
da: as. bs or Se: thus.
SELECTED GROUPS OF WORDS FROM A-Z.
Ayaddopar, delight. Ayadya, source of delight. dyads, atyAjus, splendid.
dyAaly, aiyAn, splendor.
Aytlpw, collect. dyopyj, assembly. dyopdopar, dyopedia, hold or aildress an
anembly. dyoparis, oratur, tpyepeOopas, assemble, Ourryegnps, cullected.
bye (di, &&, do eure, Gv, ov), lead. dyds, yquor, ipyirwp, leaders jpye
oat, ipyepovero, am leader. dywnd, atreet. —ebpwiywua, broad-atreeted.
dyidy herd. dyedelm giver of booty, dgwe, dvriigis, equicalent.
albiopai, am abarhed, reverent, aidiug, reverence. aldolos, revered, reverend.
dvastijs, shameless, pitiless, dyabey, shamelesness.
rs, 100, Dos, of the sea. dyyiados, meur the sea. tans, om the mea.
dpyos, white. dpyarés, dpyis. dpywéas, gleaming, dyrpppés, silver. dpyt
peor, er, dpyupodivgs, of silver endict dyyypiror, silver studded.
Apyuporcga, silver footed. dpryupérogos, with silver baw,
Epeda, protect. ddika, ward off (cf "AAckuvbpos). trapeian dpipyw, bring aid
bo. dprryir, dpuryss, helper, defender. pry}, Dac, Ednap, defense,
Ipros, dulcark. ddxyos, brave. dvadxely, cowardice, dmAxis, comantly.
Boxe, Legin, rule, dpxés, ruler. dpyiy rule. dpxeton, am ruler. emdpyary
begin. diapxor, without commander. dpyéeaxor, beginning of ills.
abe, shout. uldia (a, yer), speaks abbr, votce.
Bale (Gucpee, dim, davon, den dtr dtr, karan, epee, poy mpor-), Basraw (dre),
BiB, 90. duhiBacrs, anrrownding. trepBain, transgression, Byés,
threshold, Buss, altar,
BANA (das, kyr, det sorta, Lyin, orvpe), hurl, throw. dvd Bdyores, pastponements
99 to meet. kxSBAnroR, cast off. wapaPhijbyr, with o side Ait.
ling. Bros, mirsile. tearyBedérys, dxyPdAos, far darting.
ny shooting. trurBddos, owe who banedies words.
Bovicwor, advise, Bovdr, council, counsel. Bovhevrys, Bor
Ansbépos, counselor.
Yivas, old age. yypdirru, grow old. dypipans, cver young. yépwv, yepatds,
old, old man. ypyiss, old woman. yxporkrios, of the elidern. yepapos, stately.
veyron (de, kre), become, yeas, yooh yewAq race. yelopar bring
forth, beyet. -yovor txyovos, effapring, dyovor, unborn, yervatos, in the
Mood. mpoyevérrepos, oltder.
dung, ower
187
188 SELECTED GROUPS OF WORDS FROM A-Z
Sartoyar, divide. Balvopoy feast. Butta, cleave, Bris, frost. Farspie, pore
tion. Burpy, division.
Gaibu (iro-), Bia, fear, Sadiovopat, frighten. Sadjpav, fearful. Sadde,
cowardly. Bavés, drealet. Bier, Spo, fear.
Bipw, build. Bipos, 80, Biya, house. &Bpyros, well built
dedy, willing. Tepros, undisturbed, dexagépevos, déeww, unveilling.
tke (dm, dim, Be, mura, mupr, bor, Exuyr), Toyo (wupr), hold. Smeeryviowne,
hold aut, promise. tméaxeots, promise. veers, endurable. dsioryeros, iene
sistible, oxox, breipoxos, eminent. dxereuxis, bringing bitterness. abyé-
oxos, aegis bearer. axymroixos, scepter bearer.
terrae (dim, dip, Bian, d&, dram, or, uct, wap mepir, poy fide), set, place.
fords, mast, loom; terion, sail; terrodénn, mast recelver.” raduds, stable;
erards, stable.
repos (dre, nara), oyudw (xura-), tie. anxxeiovres, [ying down, mepajduow,
Aesprake, treasure, axons, wapaxoures, spouse.
waa, pipova, pada, am eager. porcopm, ain mindful. revertvs, desire
eagerly. paivopas (eae), rave, papvijanon remind. pdvos, evirl. prqords,
teooed, wedded. pavras, seer. puavrevopas, predict. pavrordivy, prophecy.
pavédve (2), learn,
pes, poipe, portion, fiulee pdpory fale, pbprwos, faled. jougnryerris, chilel
of destiny. Sppopos, ill-fated. Gmippopx, contrary to fate. jaeipopar,
receive ax portion,
was, Gras, wpéwas, ebpmas, all, mavnpipuos, all day long. rarviixion, all night
fong. mavevbiy, with all haste, mavrolos, of every sort. mipmrav, mbyyuy
altogether. méxty, in every way. -mévrore, on all sider.
wiropas (dro, ere), fly. rordopaas (dude), lit. srereuds, erepdas, winged.
ari, wing.
srots, foot, rediw, fetter. mébiAov, sandal. redior, plain. wets, on fret.
srobiprns, mobdnns, swifl of foot. wodirepos, swift as the wind, woBdineam
weifiness of foot
there, bear. rékvoy, rdxog, child, offspring, roneds, parent.
qos, end. exredéw, complete, drdearos, incomplete, dreXevryros, wnaccom
plished, Sperdsje, half finished.
Soty, diaphragm, mind. ddpadis, foolishly. dcspadiy, folly. ddpatra, am
foolish. Sepuv, a fool &ippur, che Haridpor, Kindly Kearted,
sepidpur, prudent. epibpwv, zealous, poviw, ppdoym (dre, jerar),
consider, plan. repubpadéws, considerately, cixppaivw, cheer. teppovdur,
well disposed.
pb
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