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SMITHSONIAN    INSTITUTION. 

UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 


BULLETIN 

OK   TUB 

UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 


THE  FISHES 


OF 


NORTH   AND  MIDDLE   AMERICA: 


A    DKSCRIPTIVE  CATALOOUR  Or  THE  SPECIES  OV  FI8II-UKE  VERTEBRATES  FOUND  IN 
TUE  WATERS  OF  NORTH   AMERICA,  NORTH  OF  THE  ISTHMUS  OF  PANAMA. 


DAVID  STARR  JORDAN,  Ph.  D., 

PRUIDENT  or  Tllli  LKLAND  HTANFORD  JimiOB  UNIVU8ITY   AND  Or  THC 
CAUrOBMIA  ACADSMY   Of  gOIENCEa, 

AND 

BARTON  WARREN  EVERMANN,  Ph.  D., 

■  CIITHYOLOaiST  Or  TBI  UNITED  STATU  mil   COMMISglON. 


PART   II. 


WASfflNGTON: 

OOVBBNHENT    PBINTINQ    OFFICE. 
1898. 


SMITHSONIAN    INSTITUTION. 

UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  IfUSEUM. 


The  Fishes 


NORTH  AND  MIDDLE  AMERICA: 


A  DESCRIPTIVE  CATALOGUE 


SPECIES  OF  FISH-LIKE  VERTEBRATES  FOUND  IN  THE 

WATERS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA,  NORTH  OF 

THE    ISTHMUS   OF    PANAMA. 


DAVID  STARR  JORDAN,  Ph.  D., 

PMSIDEMT  OP  THI  LELAND   STANFOUD  JUNIOK   UHlVEKSrTY   AMD   OP  THE 

CAUFOKHIA  ACADIMY  OF   SCIBHCES, 

AND 

BARTON  WARREN  EVERMANN,  Pii.  D., 

ICHTHYOLOGIST  OF  THE  UNITEO  STATES  FISH  COMMISSIOM. 


PART  II. 


WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFHCE. 

1898. 


LIBRARY  OF  THE 
LEU/i/D  STANFORD  JR.  UNIVERSITY. 

A.Z9209 


PREFACE. 

The  present  volnine  is  tbo  ftecond  part  of  a  work  desfriptive  of  the 
fishes  of  North  and  Middle  America,  inolading  all  npeoies  known  to  occnr 
in  American  waters  north  of  the  pqnator  and  of  the  Isthinns  of  Panama. 
The  tirst  part  was  published  on  October  3,  1896,  the  present  part,  oontinn- 
ons  with  the  first  in  pagination  and  numbering,  appears  on  October  3, 1898, 
and  the  third  and  final  part  will  soon  follow.  In  this  last  will  appear  the 
general  index,  an  artificial  key  to  the  families,  a  glossary  of  scientific 
terms,  and  an  addendum  containing  all  species  overlooked  or  described 
subsequent  to  the  publication  of  the  part  to  which  they  belong.  A  fourth 
volume,  or  atlas,  is  composed  entirely  of  plates. 

Davu>  Starr  Jordan. 

Barton  Warren  Evermann. 

LELAND  STAKFOBD  JUNIOB  tTNITBRSlTT, 

Palo  Alto,  Santa  Clara  ConuTT,  Califokhia. 
March  IS,  1898. 

(Ill) 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


CLASS  lit.  IMSC'E!$— Contlunnl. 
SCI1CLAS.S  TELEOSTOMI-CUiiillniicil. 
OUirK  KB.  A(.'AKTHOI>TEBI— CoIltillU^<l, 

Group  Perroidon — CaDtiDiietl.  V»Kv. 

Fantay  CXLIX.  I.ulianidir 124J 

IfunuH  523.  Ho]ilopngniri,  GUI 1244 

1838.  guntheri,  Uill 1244 

(:onii«524.  EvopUtes,  GUI , 1246 

lfli9.  viridin  (ValituinL-nnM) ia4« 

GMIU9  52S.  \comn-iiia,  Glrard 1247 

SuligenuH  Xcomo-'Dia 1251 

leno.  Jonlaiil,  Gilbort 1251 

1631.  novcnifaiicialns  (Gill) 1252 

10.12.  cyAniiptonin  (Cnvier  It  YaJencicDnoi] 12M 

1633.  grUiMm  (I.innHMl*) ,,,., 1255 

1634.  jiMii  (Illwh  i  Sc'lini-ldrr) 1257 

1635.  ikpiKliui  (Walhaiim) 1258 

1636.  argcnlivonlrla  (l'el«r«) 1260 

1637.  Iiitjuiioldi'H  (I'lwy) 1261 

1638.  tiuccnnella  ICuTier&-  VaIenci«nDea) 1261 

1S3S.  vivminH  (Curler  &.  Valeiici«iiiiei>) 1202 

X640.  »}n(Bloch> 1204 

1641.  nDall:i  (Cuvicri  Valenoiennoa) 1265 

1IH2.  wiloriulci  (Jordan  Sc  liilborl) 1267 

1613.  brncbyploniB  (Cope) 1288 

1844.  KuttaliiK  (St<<iiida<-bu«r) 1368 

1(H5.  synnirrlit  (Linnmua) 1270 

1646   unibigniif)  (l>u«;) 1271 

1847.  mulHigoni  (Cnvier  It  Viilencieniiwi)..... ,. 1272 

Siiltgonu*  tUizoru,  Jordan  ^Fealer 1273 

J64S.  BmtaM  (Gnnthor) J278 

Q«nim  526.  lUhirulila,  JonUn  &  Feslvr 1274 

1G49.  iofnuia  (Poternl IJ74 

GaaiuiS27.  OcyuniM,  Olll , 1275 

l(90.  ohryaiiraa  (BIocli) 1275 

G«oiiaS:8.  RhomhiipliteH  (Gill) » 1376 

imi.  niirnrubt'Dii  (Cuvlor  &.  Valrnclennea) 1277 

GenuH  520.  Ap.iiliiH,  Cavi«r  Si.  YaloiiKienntsa 1278 

SnbgvnDR  Tropidiuua,  <!ill 1278 

1652.  deutatum,  Guichmot U78 

Genoa  530.  Apritiii,  Cuvlvr  &  Valencicanea 127V 

Subgenna  Plat^lnina,  GUI 1280 

1693.  nMcrnpltlhAlniiis(MilUer  .t  Tranchvl) 1280 

Genua  531.  EUdis,  C'nvlrr  &.  ValrnclnDDea 1281 

1654.  ocnlalns  (Cluvier  *  Valonfleiinea) 1Z82 

1465.  aquilouaria  (GcNxle  ii.  Bean) 1283 

0«Daa532.  Verilua,  Poey 1283 

1650.  aordidua.  Pooy 1284 

(V) 


VI  CONTEKT8. 

CLASS  HL  FlBCBS-CoBllBmicJ. 

Ordeb  BB.  jIcamthoftkbi— UoutiniiM). 

Family  OXLIJl.  XutMhidm— CoutJtiUud.  Pkge. 

G«iiuii533.  XuDocyi,  Jordan  ^BuUnum 1285 

l«67  J«stlii-,  Jardnn  &  Bollmiui    1285 

Grans-M*.  SnnisUm,  Jordan  i  Gilliert 1286 

1858.  eillifomi<vniiii)<HtHin<lHi!hiier) 1280 

C;<?nUHaS5.  Xt-t>lchtliy»,  Gill         1287 

1659.  ngnsajill,  SteindacIiDvr 1287 

1660.  xaiitt,  am.  1287 

Genua  KIS.  N«iiiipttiniK,  Bwunnon 1288 

1661.  ma^roiienms  (GiiQt.ber) 1289 

FamilD  CL.  narmitlida.  1289 

Genn8£37.  HdmuuIdii,  Cu<riar 1291 

1662.  sexfasclatnm.  Gill 1294 

1663.  album,  Curier  Sc  Valonoiennes 1295 

1664.  macrostomum,  GUotber 1296 

1665.  iMiaarii-iiHr,  Ciivlfr  &  Valenciennes 1297 

1666.  piirrA(Ueetnarei)tl)  1297 

1667.  ncuiiiUr!,  I!il]  1299 

1668.  cftrbiiimriiiiii,  rppy    1300 

1669.  AU'iniladinerHJunlftP  &  Gilbert) 1301 

1670.  luelubunisn  (Lliii]a<u») 1302 

1671.  iiiliir(iii(SbaiTf  1303 

1672.  pluEuierl  (LiieipM*) 1304 

1673.  Jjjivo11ni'itti.im    Pr!iisarc)«t) 1306 

Genus  5W.  Hrncbygrt.Tft,  StuiWLAr 1307 

1674.  ohrysargyrens  (Giintber) 1307 

Genns539.  Bathystoma,  SoudAer 1308 

1675.  rinmt'ir  (Jonlan  tk  Swain) 1308 

1676.  fturoliueiitiini  (Cuvkr&  Valenciennes) 1310 

1677.  Htmlnm    Lltinit.Miii>     1310 

Genus  340.  LytlirtitoD.Janlau  ii,  Swain 1311 

1878.  tlftTigutlfttiim  (Gtllj 1312 

1679.  0((«l<'«iHni»,  Jonlaji  A  Starks 1312 

Genus  .^>41.  0rllio8t(i'clim>,rim 1313 

10»0.  tu»».ullcMiitln,Om        1813 

Clunui^S.  AuifiiUtrmiiua,  tiiU 1314 

S  ulfgnuun  rnnn^ODCxt nn ,  BU«kcr 1316 

1681.  pii(.iniij  (Uilii(her)      1316 

1682.  ciraliii)  (jofiliii  i.  Gtlbort) 1316 

1683.  di»vU  {Uilntber)        1317 

Subgouiirt  Aulsutruniua 1318 

1684.  surtiminenftU  (IJlm-b) 1318 

1685.  intMniptuKGllI)     1319 

1686.  l.kolorlCiMlolijnn)  1319 

1687.  scapnlaris  (Tschudi) 1320 

1688.  davidsonii  (Stolndacbner) 1321 

1689.  8plenlatu8(Poey) 1321 

1690.  I.  iiifilil!(,  (iill        1322 

1601.  virginii'iTSlI^nnnsne) 1322 

1692.  «emiia(Cuvk'r  A  Valenciennes) 1323 

Genus  543,  Couoduu,  Cuvkr  &  Valenciennes 1324 

1683.  ncbills  (Linaaiis) 1324 

1694.  aerrifcr.Jurditn  A:  Gilbert 1324 

0«nns  544.  UraahjnleiitflFut,  Gill 1325 

1695.  tlfidiiifStclndaobnerl 1326 

1896.  MniBjiifomiis  (SteindacfaniT) 1326 

1697.  leuciscus  (GUntber) 1327 


CONTKNTS. 


vn 


CLASS  m.  PI8CES— ContlDuwI. 

OkOBB  BB.  ACA>rnii>i'n:ui~('oatlnueil. 

family  CL.  /f*miu/i<ltr— Coutiumsl.  VittS^- 

ine.  axillariit  (SleiodiKJiDiT) VMS 

(>«nii8  MS.  Poinudiuia,  Lii(-^'pi''(l« 1329 

Siil>gennii  KhPDcait.  JonUii  &  Kvpminnii 1831 

IfiOti.  pannniwiHiK  ( Su^lnilBclmcr) 1S31 

Siil>|!cniiH  Pri«(iponi»,  ("in-ior 1331 

1700.  linvaiiiifi.  Jonlnn  A  ErurKiaim 1831 

171)1.  priHliiotiiH  (l*o»!y) 1332 

1703.  iniU'nKaulllUa  ((iUntbor) 1332 

17{W.  Kiiilroi  (SaiivKKt>) 1,131 

Siilii^emiA  Klioncincnii,  .TonUn  tc  IDvrrninilli 1333 

1704.  (irunro  (CnriLT  &  Valeiiriennrs) 13.13 

170.V  tiraiilcki  (SU'tinlMkniir) 13S3 

1706.  rHiiiiMii!!  (Puej) Iil34 

OeuiisMO.  lirihupii!<tiH,<iiran1 1331 

Siibsenu*  Orlbniirislia IXIB 

1707.  forltfui,  .lonliin  *  Stnrkii - I.TIO 

17B8.  rmlilingi,  Jiinlnn  A.  lUiliardnon.. ....... a. .>..... 133<S 

1700.  I'hiilreiin  (GOuthttD I3.'I7 

1710.  rhrvAopterni)  (LlnniBua) 1338 

1711.  pooyi,  Soudder US9 

1712.  eiuitbnriiiui  (Ji'nyus) 133t 

Snbgi'Dii*  KvapriHtiit,  Jurilan  &  Eri-rmsiiu 1340 

1713.  If-thoprixtU.  .Ionian  i  Foslwr 1340 

Ot'nuH  547,  ]«ncii'llu,  •lordiin  A,  KeHlvr 1340 

1714.  brevlpiiiuiii  (SI•■lodlU^lln('r) 1341 

G«nua  S48.  Micrulxpiilntna, GUI 1341 

1715.  innrnatiiR,  UlU , 1.141 

GviiiiaMH.  Gnnyalrcmiia,  GUI 13a 

I71«.  liiteua  (Blovh) 1343 

Fatnilif  CI, I.  Sjtaridir 1343 

Ubuii«  550.  Olryiilcr,  Jorduo  &.  Evvnuonn 1344 

1717.  oapriniiH  Ilk-an) 1345 

Grniia  551.  8U'uiiIomiiih,  Gill 1.145 

171H.  ohrj.iopa  (Linnifoa) 1346 

1719.  Hvnleiklna  ICuviiT  &  VnlcarionnM) 1340 

Gmiiid  ■'^'•2.  (.'Hlumiia,  Swuiuaon 1347 

Suligciiiia  Culaiiiiin  .• 1349 

173U.  i-nlaniuK  (Ciivicr  &  Taloucieanca) 1340 

1721.  prorideiio,  Jonlan  &  Gilbert 1860 

17t!-.'.  |icDiintul»,  Oiiii'hfnnt U5I 

172;i.  bi^louMilo  (Uloili  i  S<lmplder> 13S3 

Siibgeniift  Granmiatoiin,  r<K>> 13SI 

1724.  hriM^bvHOtuua  (LuekiuKUm) 1363 

1725.  loiuAxtoaa,  .Ionian  &  Gilbert 1363 

1726.  DiJicropn,  Pooy I3S4 

1727.  taiiiiiina  (Jenjna) 1354 

1728.  penna  (C'liv'ier  &  VuleitfJenni-a) 1354 

ITM.  arctifroiia.  Gootln  A:  B«uuj 1356 

1730.  medJut  (Poey) 1356 

G«liuci&53.  PogniH.  Cuvlur 1356 

1731.  pafcriia  (Linnn-iia) 1356 

G«liD»  554.  Laguilon.  Hi>Ibrook 1387 

1732.  rbomltoldcfKLinuipna) 1358 

0«mia$55.  ArchOAariciia.  (>ill 13S8 

Siil>geaiiaS.ilitiiia.  Jurdan  &  Kvennanii 1359 

1733.  uniutociUataa  (Bloch) 1360 


VIII  CONTENTS. 

CLASS  ni.  FISCBS-Contloned. 

Obubb  BB.  Ai  ANTjioiTlCJll— Cantlnufld. 

Family  OLI.  ffpari^m—CttJiUHi'tA.  '  P«ge. 

1734.  jHiiirtaJiMJI  iSU-ioilacbiiar) ISW 

1735.  triili'JH  I'o«yj      1360 

Biilijj^enaH  ArehonArguat    1361 

1736.  pmtiuUH'OiihiiLiiH  Wttlbouni) 1361 

1737.  urleit  (Cuvlor  Ai  YaIeu<<iiyDDttit) 1361 

Q«DuaOSrk.  UliiluJiiH,  KAllDie«<)»o 1362 

1738.  holbrookil  (Bean) 1362 

173D.  argentouR  (Cuvier  &  Valenciennes) 1363 

1740.  aargua  (Linnepoa) 1363 

FOmUyOLII.  Mtmida 1364 

0«naB5&7.  Spicara,  Kaflneaqne 1364 

1741.  TnQrtJnU'ji<(;iivi(>r&.  Yalenciennea) 1364 

tSrvnm  5^8    Kmiiirliclitlivi,  Klohardaon 1365 

Siiligt'nui  luemijn,  Pocy 1365 

lT4a.  vlltaiim  (INii>y] '..  1365 

FamUyCLIlI    Qfrridit        1366 

Getin^iSSD.  EncIuuAtoniiKt,  Baird&  Girard 1367 

1743.  dowj,  (GJll) 1367 

1744.  pseudogiila,  Poey 1S68 

1745.  >iurengii]ii«,  G<H>r1o&Bean 1368 

1746.  tal[loniii*iiiil»  (lillJ) 1369 

1747.  (fula  (f.'t)vJiir  Jt  %'«lencienDe«) 1370 

GenuD  500.  UliPinii,  Janliui  Si.  Evermaan 1371 

174R.  IrfrojifOcioiUi)  1371 

GKnusriSl.  XvntihinD,  Jordan  &Evennann 1372 

njft.  cineream  (Walbanm) 1372 

Oeti(iii6«2.  Gerros,  Cuvier 1873 

gabgf  DUB  Mobarm,  ro«y  1374 

ITSo.  rhvmbnnii,  Cnvlur  &  Valenciennes 1374 

BobgeAiui  PiaifUTiiA,  R«ixii.nl 1375 

1761.  anrpoluB,  Joriiaii  Jt  Gilbert 1375 

1752.  iM-i-nvlamiB.  Citvif  r  &  ValencienneB 1376 

1753.  olistliostomns,  Goode&Bean 1376 

Subgenus  Gerres 1377 

1754.  brevimanns,  Gilnther 1377 

1755.  lineatua  (lIurnlHililt)    1377 

1756.  tirMUiuiii»,  Cuvji^i  &  Valanciennes 1378 

1757.  onibryi,  Jurdam  A.  Stwka 1379 

1758.  jiluniierl,  Govler  A  Vak'ticit'iJBOs 1379 

1750.  niencJinUH,  .Stelmladincr 1380 

nmily  CLir.  Kyphotidm 1380 

Genus  563.  Girella,  Gray 1381 

1700.  iilgriGnns  (Ayrea) 1382 

GubUB  6M.  DoydlittirluD,  Valt-ftcieuaiMi 1382 

1781    n^ininvilW,  ViLli,<ticipnu«a 1382 

GeniiK  !i65.  nfmiosillA,  Jenkins  A^E\-cnaluiu 1383 

im.  azoma,  JciihlaB  i.  KveniiBiin 1383 

Gvniia  SM.  K}'|>ha«u«,  LaciiiMt- 1384 

1763.  analogus  (Gill) 1385 

1764.  incisor  (CuTlcr  &  ValeDclennes) 1386 

1765.  elejfans  (retcni)  1387 

1766.  secUtrix  (Linnseus) 1387 

1767.  lotescens  (Jordan  &  Gilbert) 1388 

GennsSUT   ScewUir,  Junliin  AFesler 1380 

1768.  ojjyHriuHJoiilnn  Jt  Gilbert) 1389 

Genoa  568.  Hedialana,  Jordan  &  Fcaler 1300 

1760.  californlensis  (Steindacbner) 1301 


CONTENTS. 


IX 


CLASS  ni  PISCEa-Cotitinned. 

Obdeb  BB.  Ai-AKTHoiTBBi— Contlnueil.  ?««"■ 

Fatnilii  ChV.  Sn«nnd>r lilO'J 

GoDiisSOe.  Si>ripliiia,  Ayrua 13»7 

1770.  iiolit«»-^y«»-- '•"" 

UeniiaSTil.  jM>|iiB(hii8,Gill I3IM< 

1771.  n^niifrr,  .ronli.ii  i.  Uilliert ViVH 

I77'J.  iwrriiiiDiiiii  (Ciiviiir  At  Valf^nrienDM) U88 

IjMiiii)  ATI.  Ilun'ntii>,  Jfinlaii  it  EviTiiiiiuii UOO 

1773.  iinicl«(uri»  (Ji>r<l«u  Jt  Oilljert) 1400 

0«*iiw.'>72.  <  yiitMclon.  Cill • 1400 

Siibgi'oaii  CyniMt'lnn ..4...........  UOU 

1774.  arnnim  ( LWipiVlit) 1403 

177V  «<]naiiiiploii>i<  (Iiftiitli9r> 1401 

1770.  i>lhonii|ilrrnM.  Jonlan  ii  Uilbert 1404 

1777.  nlilii|iia|iin  I V:ili'Uoi<>iiiiiw) UOCi 

I77ii.  jutuaki'iislii  (Viiillont*;  liououn) UOU 

177U.  ii<.lliii»(IIolljni.>k) 140« 

178U.  rognlis  (lllin  li  &  .SrhuHilor) 1407 

1781.  tlinljifininnii  iriolbrook) 14U7 

I7XJ.  r<-tioi|lnti|a  (<;iliillior) 1408 

17B3.  neliiilmua  (Cuvier  Je.  Valcuoicttoea) 14011 

1784.  (iarri|iiiiul»,  Ayrea 1410 

1785.  juiDlhuliiB.Jonloii  &  Gilbert MKi 

1786.  »lliii«  (Uiiiitlior) 1411 

1787.  mncdoDalrll,  Gtllwrt 1411 

1788.  atolr.mHunl  (SU'lntlncbDcr) 1411' 

Subj;euuM  A tmi^toHoinn,  Uill ... ...................... lilu 

1789.  uolilll*  (A>rv») HIS 

1700.  phoxiot-pbaltia,  jArdan  &.  (lilbert 1413 

1791.  leUrchua  (CuTier  42  ValoQcioniiM) 1414 

17M.  vireamnH  (Ciivicr  A;  Ta1aiicienn<<B) 1415 

1793.  mirroU-pidotus  (Ciivier  Si.  Valoiicionnea) 14ir> 

Geniia57;i.  Sagpnirhthys,  U«rK UI6 

1794.  uticyludoD  (BIih')i  &  ScliQriden 14ie 

Cenna  &74    Nrbria.  Cuvicr  ic  Valeuciuanea litH 

1795.  micropit,  Ciiviur  k  Valencicnnos 1417 

1790.  icitus,  Jortlau  &^  Starka 1417 

Genua  575.  ria^iosciun,  Gill U18 

1797.  iM|u:iiuijiiUHiniUH  (Ueckol) .' I41K 

1798.  hrterolppin  (Bleckur) Mil) 

1799.  Kariaaiiienxiii  (lltenker) 1419 

Ckna*  57C.  Larimui,  C'livirr  &  Vnlctiri«DUea h'.hi 

Snbgonua  Aiuhlysrinu,  Gill.. 1431 

1800.  ari:eDt>>ua  (Gill) 1421 

Subgenas  Larimna 1421 

1801.  efTiilgi'iM,  GillHTt U'.'l 

1802.  aoclivix,  Jonlan  &  Briatol ui'2 

1803.  Iirevicepa,  (!uvifr&  Valonfienma H23 

1804.  pacillciis,  Jurilan  i  Uolluiau , .„ HU 

1806.  faaclatiia,  Holbrnak ]424 

Gmna  577.  (.blnnUiarion,  QIU J4;>3 

180«.  ilcnU'i  (Ciivicr  A  TnleDClannea) 1425 

1807.  TanthopH.  (illbt-rt ]42fl 

Ijeniia  .^78.  I'lin'iila,  Jordnii  Sl  F.igr.Diuauu H27 

180b.  Di«croi)B(Steinda(liuer) 1427 

1800.  slalln,  JvHuu  ii  Eigcomuio 1428 

1810.  «ub:i'<]iialia  (l'o«y) 1429 

1811.  aancuc  liiciiif-.  Jonloa 1429 

1812.  balabaiia  (I'uej) 1430 


X  COMTENTS. 

CIiASS  III.  PISCBS-Contlnned. 

ORDRB  BB.  AcANTIKiiTKIH— Conllnned. 

FamUy  OLV.  ^ieieniiilet—CmiUiiHr-A.  P*ge. 

Oenns  579.  ElnlUrchu*,  JonLaii  &  Evermann 1431 

lBi:i.  iireliidimnMiinlun  &  Gilbert) 1431 

QeniiBS«0.  BainlMU,  Gill 1432 

SobgramsBwIniWlii.-.    1483 

1814.  chrjrdsrn  (Lwi^p^da)     1433 

1815.  oirtlrtni  (Jorilun  4  Ollljert) 1484 

1816.  icinMa  (JfirfUti  Si.  GIllK'rt) 1435 

ISIT.  <roiichii«  (('url«rJ<  VnlcndcDiic-s), 1438 

8ulij;<<iiiw  Kii  tor.  Junlun  dcEvermuin 1436 

1818.  amiata.  Gill 1436 

1819.  alata,  Jordan  &  Gilbert 1437 

1820.  rlir)'?ioleu«MUHinther)         1438 

Genua  581.  StclUfer  (CnvJcrKHteD.... 1439 

Saligenna  'Amtia,  fiiIlH>rt^              1440 

1821.  oBritaim  (Jftnliin  A  OillfnH) 1440 

1822.  furthllStolndDchiier)  1441 

Sobgenui  ZniiUiliuni,  KlItHTt 1442 

1823.  iUecebroaas,  Gilbert 1442 

Subgenna  Stellifer 1443 

1824.  stclIilVfdJWh)     ...< 1443 

1825.  IsDWolntiM  Hi>H>nioU| 1448 

1826.  iTkjnilM»(,Iiinliin  Jc  Gilbert) 1444 

1827.  tuicr'ijm  (St<tliuln<  li|ii>r| 1445 

Sntjuonna  Slti]licit(TU"i,  liilljert , 1445 

1828.  i!BiliH-jiru.i,<;iHji«rt 1445 

Genua  582.  Ophioacion,  Gill 1446 

Snbgenua  OphioRcion 1447 

1829.  adoatUH  (Apiaaiz) 1447 

1830.  t.vpicna,  Gill 1448 

1831.  ittrab*,  Gilberl 1448 

1832.  BJTUuiii",  Gi1lM>rt 1449 

1833.  imi.-0|i«  (JnnJdit  &  Gilbert) 1451 

1834.  ariuriu  f Janliiii  \  Gilbert) 1462 

Siili|;?>oii(  Slginii niB,  Gilbert 1452 

183B.  T«!rmJcDlar)a(Giiutbor) 1462 

QwiUHifl3.  Belii-ttopH,  fiiil        1463 

IBSB.  oeuUatna  (Linna<n8) 1453 

QeanaJiSi.  Si-!ir-mi  (Artedi)  Liunasaa 1454 

SObgDiiuB  Csllaiis,  .loril&n           1455 

183?    dcllctuM  (TBclimli) 14S5 

Suhiff  nua  Clitjilmi-eiDft,  TscbuJI ]45« 

IMS.  saliirna  (Girord)       1456 

Oenaj^SAS.  Runcador,  Jnrflmi  &Gilliort 1457 

IfEin.  itenrtuKSfcpiinJjicliDPr)    1457 

Oenna  580.  Ix-iMlomiia,  JUtc/ipMri ligg 

1840.  xnntbunia,  LnclipAdc 1458 

Geuui{i87    Pnohyiwpii,  GUI 1459 

181      filfeiiuBa    LncipMo) 1459 

0«ntii588  GaayoQcinufl,  GilL 146O 

1812.  linctttUK  Ayrud)              1460 

O«ina&90.  Mkrupocpu  Cuv'ii>r  i.  ValeDciennea 1461 

1843.  undnlfllUK  (Untift'iiB)  1461 

1844.  fumleri  (Dtixmomt)    1462 

1845.  Bingnlopn,  Gilbert         1463 

1846.  <.*tt>ni«,  Jordan  At  G»lb<-« 1463 

1847.  altlpinnia,  Gilnther 1464 


CONTKNT8. 


XI 


CLA88  in.  PISCBS— Continned. 

Okukb  UH.  Acantboptcbi— Continued. 

Famiij/  OIjY.  •'ieUmidrr~Contii>uiii\.  P^g<'- 

(.ifjitui  MO.  Uuibrlnii,  Ciivivr 1166 

18*8.  broaMoiietli,  Cuviur  tc  Vitleiic'Ipimaa Ii66 

IMB.  coroiiliw,  UiivUt  &  Voleoclcanoa 1486 

18SU.  ronmdor,  Junlui  &.  QUIwrt , IMT 

1851.  s*nti.  urn 14«T 

1852.  «iiialoii',  ScoBeld 1MB 

1853    galapagonim,  StBlndnchner IM8 

18M.  <lor»nliH,  Gill U«0 

GenuK.'iUl.  Men«iilrrhu»,Glll 14W 

1X55.  Ainiux,  Jordan  &  EigenmBim 1473 

]ti5A.  niuiiiH  iGiiiiUirr) ^ 1471 

1857.  ponainrnDin  (Sh'indaobner) 147B 

IHSf.  uiarliiiio'iuita  (Caviar  &  VslenviernHNi) 1411 

1830.  aiuiTlcauaa  (Liuniciiii) 1474 

laeu.  «aiatili!<  (Bloctb  &.  SrbDeider) 1476 

1861.  unilulotus  (GirunI) 1478 

SnlitifuiiH  riubrulii,  Jordan  St  Etgenraann 1478 

mfl2.  elaogHtan<l>aiithvr) 1476 

186n.  littoniliH  (HolbrtiolO 1417 

Oeaiin  ^i.  I'nralonchiirns,  Bocoart. .....................................  1477 

Sabgenos  Puljilrniu*,  Berg 1478 

1884.  dninerilUnuconrt) 1478 

Babgenaa  Zoni>«cioD,  Jnrdjui  &  Evenuoim 1479 

1866.  rathbuDi  (Joriliin  Si  Bollnum) 1470 

Bnbgenn*  /Acleiimii,  GillMrt 1480 

1886.  goodoi.  Gilbert 1180 

Snbgeous  Puniluncbarua 1481 

1867.  petiTui,  llocuurt 1481 

OenUB  5113.  Lonrbiunia,  Blnuk 1481 

186a  lancoIatUB  {ll\or.U) 1481 

GcDiiH  .'KM.  Pot;oiiiaM,  Liu:>''pMe 1483 

18611.  rruinis  (Linun-uiil 1483 

1870.  t'uurblna  (LaciiH^dc) .- 1483 

Ocmni  &8fi.  AplodinntiiH,  liaflnwque 1483 

1871.  griinnlt'na,  UnllncjUjae 1484 

0<-auB.'il>6.  lii|iiBH,  Biocli 1484 

Subgenus  I'«rn<iiii>«,  Gill 1488 

1872.  viola,  liiibert 1488 

1873.  acuiuiiiattiii  (Dlot'b  A".  Schnridi-r) 1487 

1873<i.  ucinuinutim  utubroMOft,  Jordan  &.  Kigentnann 1487 

1871.  pnnctatua,  BitK.li  .V  Srbneidur 1488 

I8Tj.  piikber,  SteiudaobDcr 1488 

Suligenu*  Kijnra 1488 

lH7r>.  laorndnliia  ^LinUWUfl) 1488 

Gron|i  Uirrliiloidvi 1180 

Family  CLTJ.  Virrhitidcr 1480 

OoQaH  507.  CirrbitM.  Lac^'p6de 1481 

1877.  rivnlatUH.  ValenoleanMi 1481 

1878.  l>.)l«unw,  GUI , 1483 

ScuosriRR  Hoix^NOTi 1488 

Family  CLVIl.  FmbiotucidtK 1498 

Gvaiu  (08.  U)  iil«roearpua,  Gibbooa 1105 

1879.  tra»kr,  Glbbona 1496 

Qonu*  589.  Abeuoa.  Giranl 1496 

1880.  minima  (Gibboual 1417 

1881.  •nien.  Jordaii  &  Gilbert 1887 


xii  coNTKirrs. 

CLASS  III.  PISCES— Continned. 

Obdbb  BB.  AcANTHopTiBi— Coutinned. 

Family  GL  VI f.  fmbtotoctdo— Continned.                                                         Page. 
GenuB  600.  Cymatogaiiter,  Gibbon* 1498 

1882.  RggregatuH,  Gibbons 1498 

Genus  601.  Braihyistius,  OiU 1499 

1883.  ftonatns,  Gill 1499 

GennH602.  Zulemblus,  Jordan  &  Evermonn 1499 

1884.  roaaceus  (Jonlan  &  Gilbert) 1500 

Genus  603.  HypocriUohthys,  Gill 1500 

1885.  analls  (Alexander  Agassiz) IBOO 

Genus  604.  HyperproKOjran,  Gibbons 1601 

1886.  argentous,  Gibbons 1601 

1887.  aga««izil,  Gill 1802 

GoniiH605.  Holconotus,  Agassii 1503 

1888.  rhudoterus,  AgasKiz 1602 

Genus  606.  Aniphisticus,  Agassiz 1503 

1889.  argenteuB,  Agassiz 1603 

Genus  607.  Eniblotoca,  Agassiz 1504 

1890.  jacksonl.  Agassis 1604 

Genus  608.  Ta-niotoca,  Alexander  Agassiz 1506 

1891.  lateralis  (Agassiz) 1605 

Genus  609.  Fhanerodon,  Girard 1606 

1892.  furcatuB.  Giranl 1506 

1893.  artii)es  (Jonlan  &  Gilbert) 1507 

GennseiO.  lihacochilas,  Agassiz 1507 

1804.  toxotes,  Agassiz 1607 

GttnuH6Il.  Hypsarus,  Alexander  Agassiz 1608 

1895.  caryi  (Agassiz) 1508 

Genus  612.  Bamalichthys.  Girard 1509 

1896.  argyrosomuM  (Girard) 1509 

SUBOBDEK  CHROIUrOKS 1611 

ramilv  CLVUI.  Cirhlidft 1512 

Genus  613.  Petenia,  Giinthor 1613 

1807.  spleiulida,  Giinther 1613 

Genus  614.  ^ICquidens.  Elgenmaun  &  Dray 1513 

1898.  c(i>rulcopiiii>'tatUH  (Kner  &  Steiudacher) 1514 

Genus  615.  CichlaHoma,  Kwainson 1614 

Subgenus  Cirlilasonia 1618 

1899.  rt'clangularo  (Slciiidacbner) 1615 

1900.  bartoui  (Koau) , 1615 

1901.  goilnianni  (Giinthor) 1516 

1902.  sicUildii  (Knor  &  SU'iiidnchm-r) 1516 

1903.  iutomuxlium  (Giinthor) 1517 

1904.  angnlifc-mm  (Giinther) 1517 

1905.  fc-nestratuni  ((jiinthcr) 1518 

1906.  uiontfzuma  (Hcckfl) 1518 

1907.  macracantbnin  (Giintiier) 1518 

1908.  panna  (Giinther) 1519 

1909.  margnritiferum  (Giinther) 1519 

1910.  spilnnmi  (Giinther) 1520 

1911.  lungiumnuH  (Giintlu-r) 1620 

1912.  bitiiHoiatuni  (Stcindachncr) 1821 

1913.  holleri  (.Stcindacbner) 1621 

1914.  balt<"j»tnin  (Gill  &  IlranHford) 1521 

1915.  rostratum  (Gill  \  Brannford) 1622 

1916.  nielanoitogon  (Stiuntlacbnor)  ...'. 1623 

1917.  niolannrum  (Giinthor) 1623 

1918.  nebuUferum  (Giinther) ISM 


CONTKNTS. 


XIII 


CLASS  III.  PISCBS-ConHnnnd. 

OkOBR  BR.  ArA!(TllorT£B[— Conllniiwl. 

ramUv  OJ-rm    ttcAKdw— ConUnued.  I'»g... 

1919.  IriitigiiinKiiin  (Stclnilncbnsr) 1S24 

IBM.  di>l>|iU  (Hcckbl) 1&21 

SabirODUH  Arcliooontnut.  GUI ISSS 

1021.  iiigrofiui'liiiuin  (Uilnllior) 1(25 

IBZ2.  mii1ti<p)n<H>uni  (liiiullior) UiS 

VJXt.  unntranliDN  <Ciill  &  Braiiarord) JUS 

Genua  Olt.  Heron,  Herkel lASS 

IBM.  MeilrichBlUall,  Heckel 1588 

1925.  Halviiil,  Cumber IMS 

1920.  ofllni«.<}untluT 1639 

1Bt7.  nuciiliiiinnU.  St«iDilachner tSV 

1928.  trinuwiiUtiis, Oiinlhor lMi> 

ins.  Ubiatns.  (jiintlier IS8D 

199a  lobnchlluH.r.Uiitlier , ttU« 

1931.  erytJinrim,  Giintlier ISU 

Ha2.  lii»*lliiri«.Oill  *  lirikDaford IMS 

193)1.  iiicAraiigiieaais.  Giintber I&S3 

IKU.  lunaafriii'Ditia,  Giiutlier 1533 

t93S.  aureuK,  Gilnther IMS 

1930.  oitrinollns,  Giinthcr 1634 

1997.  mtna^ieniiiK.  GOnther 1634 

I93«l.  otiloiieu)!.  Gi'inther , ]63S 

1W9.  lUivii,  Gilutlinr I&36 

1B40.  gibbiccps,  StclDdai'hner 1636 

1941.  niirrupbtlinhiins,  Ganther 163t 

1942.  un>)>htbaliniiH,  Giinlhcir 1637 

1943.  tHMwheli,  SWndarluicr 1M7 

1941.  cyan't^ittiilan  (ISnirii  &  Ginird) 1637 

1945.  ]iavunaeciiFi,  Oariiiiku - ,.., 1688 

l&tfl.  ttltifmns.  Kncr  it  Slehiilochncr l&i'lS 

1947.  iHOni.  Jurdiiti 1638 

1948.  tptrH>-au11iuH(C'iivipT  ic  VHlvudenntw) 1638 

GpDUi>fil7.  Tlioraji*.  GiinlhiT 1640 

194B.  irre);ii]iiri«,  Giintlier 1640 

GoDU*  618.  KcctToiiluii,  (iiiuthor 1641 

I9M.  ueniat4jpaa.  (iiitillicr 1541 

ia.'>l.  nli>arun^enHiit,  Gill  II  Brauafonl 1612 

GcDtiBllig.  SuUiuoiicrra.  Gilnthrr  1642 

1VS3.  <xaiwllnbrl«  (Sloinilachner) 1643 

Famitt/  OLJX.  ffnnacrntridiv ,......,. 1643 

Gonna  020.  Aziirina.  .rordan  &.  HuGrcj^ 1644 

1063.  hlnindii,  Jordan  Ji^  McGregor 1644 

GfUiiaii21.  Cbrumlo.  Ciivlur 1646 

Subgunu*  t'lircaria,  Poey 1646 

1964.  UrilobatUii,  GUI 1646 

1965.  ryanvua  (I'oey) 1647 

135(1.  iiiultiliuoatuH  (Gnli'hcnat) 1647 

Sabp'iiiiA  .Xyrc'^ifl,  ('wjpcr - 1648 

liffii.  |iiiD<  tipinniM  (Ctx>|>i'r) 1648 

,^abKooit«  JIt;liu««)i.  (.'iivivr^  Val«ncirnniia 1$48 

19&M.  Inanltttuii  (Carii-r  ^  ValvtirlonuuN) 1648 

1059.  onchr.vaiiniB.  Junlati  A  Gllbort 1648 

GnnnaerJ.  Kn)iomiu'i<iitraa,  Ule«ker 164S 

8iibgpuu.4  Kii)M>inu('i*ntrtia .. ......  1561 

UdO.  li'Uionia  (Gilbrrt) 1661 

laei.  aduatui  (Troaobal) 1661 


XIV 


COKTBNT8. 


CLASS  in.  PISCES-Contlniied. 

OUDER  nu.  AiiANTiioi-rBRi— Conlliiuod, 

Family  CLIX.  /"onKifcnlnrfff— I'ontiniied.  I'Bgii- 

ID*!'.'.  fuBTiiB  (Curler  ^t  Valencienm-s) 15S2 

IMS.  cUunci«>UK,  •luidan  >!^  Rutt«r - 1SS2 

1984.  ructifminuin  (Olll) 1B63 

1905.  BtiftlU  (I'cKiJ) 15M 

1900.  (itu)i}iurii«  (Poey) 1555 

1907.  leiicontlrtiiK  (Miiller  &  Tnwchvl^ 15M 

1908.  Harivi^ntor  (Troxoliul)... 1567 

1909.  HavllatDB  <G[U* 1»7 

Ift'ii.  partltiin  (I'o«y) 1S58 

19T1.  )ilnuit>nnH  (Ctivier  &  VklfDoieniwa) ISM 

Cr*ji<iB623.  Ncxllarii».\  fiilbert 1559 

1972.  eouc<iIi.r(r.ill) 1669 

<;«iiim  fl-il.  At)u<lef<liir,  KorakAl 15(10 

SuligoniiH  ClypliigiMlnii.  Ijic^pMe 1561 

1973.  iiuxatilixLtiiuirnii) 1561 

Snbgeniis  KuscliUtoilun,  Gill 1563 

1974.  decUvifnma(i;ill) 1562 

1975.  MUiIogHS  <G11I> 1563 

1976.  UiiniH  (Miiller  A:  Truwsbel) 1563 

1977.  nulii.(l'o«.v) 156S 

OoiiiiM  02.>.  llrpiiy|Hip«,  GUI 1564 

rJ7H.  riibiciiiKliiH  ((iimnl) 1561 

(3tiniiB029.  Mk'nmpalhwlon.  Utiother 1S6S 

1970.  bainlll<Uilb... 1566 

198U.  clini'Bnruii  (Ciivler  St.  Yalencienne*) 1SB7 

1981.  nivwiliiB  (I'lHtyl 1667 

11)82,  ilurf<alU  (QUI) 1568 

SrnOKPKK   rilABVNOOONATMl 1S7I 

f'ainilii  CLX.  Aatr.Jre 1671 

livntiH fl*.'?.  OiilrolabruB,  Uunlhor 1676 

ltl83.  oxnletun  (Honamii) 1578 

QrniiaO'iA.  TaatogiiUbnis.  RllDUidr 1578 

19H4.  adAtMirRiii)  (W»lliuuiii) 1577 

UciiUB  620.  TautoKn.  Mitcliill 1577 

1985.  onitin  (Linnii-n<i) ^ 1578 

Gnoiu  630.  LachiiotnliiiiiK,  C'livler  &  VnluncitMuuM.. .....................  1571 

1986.  maxtmiiM  (Wulluium) 167> 

C>t!nuii031.  Hiu-iM-,  I.iic('iiide 19B1 

1987.  iliplolani*,  GUI 150 

1988.  riif»(I.iimirnB) 168S 

1989.  oolniu'bui'i  (Viikiucieunea) 1683 

199<1.  pnlLliclhi  (Pocy) 1584 

Gt>iiu»  03-J.  IteeCKlun.  Gbnther 1584 

1991.  pnpllkriii(r(»-y) 1584 

OeiiiiH<U3.  I'iiiK'loiiK^tupon,  Gill 1585 

1WI2.  pul.'h.r  (.Vyri«) 1566 

1903.  (larwinii  (J«iiyua) 1886 

G«iiiu034.  ClepliciiB,  Cuvlcr 1586 

19W.  parrif  (Bli^li  it  S.-1mi<ldor) 1586 

OeouB  835.  Iriiliti.  Junian  &  KveMDium 1587 

1996.  rudiutUB  (LiimiKUa) 1590 

l»«a  iilcliuUl  (Jordiuj  Sc  GUbort) IWI 

1987.  BBllirer  (Gilbert) 1502 

1998.  wmldnctii..)  f.tyreH) 1661 

199V.  ganioti  (CiivKt  A:  VnlencieniM*) 1508 

3O0O.  oywuicepbitlaB  (Bloob) 1684 


CONTBNT8. 


XV 


CLASS  III.  PISCES— Com lnu«a. 

URllCR  Bli.  ACANTIIOI'TKKI-  CoUlllllli-lI. 

Faimli/  CLX.  Lahr\d<r—t.'\tjt\\w\r^\.  Riga. 

30i>l.  iiiuriilipidua  (Miillvr  Sc  Troaubitl) liSM 

20<»2.  bivitUtiiN  (Ultxtb) Ifi0& 

?003.  aiHiiiliiK  (Ciintlier) 1597 

iU>4.  klrwhii,  Jnnliui  *  Evvruiann I99H 

2001.  |><«.Yi  (StcindnclinfiT) 15W 

••WW.  c«iid«lis  (Toey) 180B 

aWT.  [lifliiii  (Pwy) ISM 

G«inQ»rotl.  Ox.vjulm.  (Jill IBOl 

awg.  nillforiiiiii.t  ((liiuther)  1001 

GoDn»B37.  Kiiiiiici-kiR.  Jiinlau  &  ETrniiann.  — ..  UOl 

Z*KW.  venuxia  ('Ivnkiiis  •!  Kviiritiann) 1601 

Ooniis  f>.'l8.  JulMiii.  ilunlnu  i.<[.  Evorniami IMS 

2U)0.  adllnlun  (GUW-Jl) 1MI2 

'Jl)ll.  uutospilim  (lii'iDtber) 1003 

c;ouii«830.  PmiulojulU,  Uleekor 1004 

201'J.  iiKiniatiiit,  Cilbort tWi 

201.1.  mrlunullc,  liilbort UWS 

(iunQA  <>tO.  (MilorirhUiya,  Swalnoun 16U6 

20U.  Iiirusaoiiii  if'.iU) 1007 

2<il5.  iM»-niTo<Mi»i»  (Gilbert) 1807 

2010.  iillidiiR  (GiiiithiT) III06 

2017.  uititlJitHiiiiiiK  (liuiiile) IMI 

•XIS.  »ti  iudai  bncri  (Jordan) .  lOOB 

ZVItf.  biriuciiiluH  (li)n<-)i} ItOS 

2020.  grainmiiUcus  (Gill>ert) 1»10 

•Alii.  rirpiiK  (GlllnTl) 1810 

GeDiu841.  Doralonotiin.  Gilnthor 1011 

3022.  ini'galH|ii«,  (iiiiitlier 1811 

G«'jiu*(M2.  Xj- riil»,  Jordau 1013 

3033.  jesiiiii?  (Jordan) ISU 

UciniiAUS.  NovBciilichlbyH,  I{K-«k»r MIS 

2024.  roHiiwa  (Jordau  &  Gilbert) 1014 

2025.  veutnilin  (Bc-an) 1615 

2028.  iulinirus  (Hoan) 1018 

2027.  iimrtiauieQaia  (Cnyier^  ValcDuieonisa) .,1610 

Genua  <W4.  Xyriclilbyit,  Cuvier 1617 

202».  iiiunillroim,  Gill 1818 

202S.  |>i<itUi<'UK  (I.iuiiii-ai) 1018 

2O30,  niij<1<^liiii,  Pwy 1010 

GonunU.'i.  InllatinH,  tJUl 1018 

20:il,  iniitidiccirpiu,  (till 1620 

Familu  CLXl.  Searidai 1620 

Geuiin  64)1.  Cry|itii(umna,  Cope 1621 

2032.  U.u»ii'nii(I'oey) 1623 

2033.  rctmotiia  (I'oey) 1623 

Hai.  uKlua  (I'liricr  &  Valenolennea) 1634 

203&.  auropuuetatuii  (Cuvier  &  Valvnticimea) 1634 

2036.  bcrylliuiii).  Jordan  &  Swain 1625 

2037.  roseiiii.  Cope 1626 

Genna  6l7.  CnlotoniiiR,  Gilbert 1(S26 

2038.  xeuodou,  Gllliert 1628 

Genaa  048.  Spariaoina,  Swainiou 1627 

Subgcnua  Spariaoma 1630 

3D30.  syatruduD,  Jordau  it  Swain 1630 

3040.  attimariuiu  d'ovyl 1631 

ZOil.  nidbuu  (Cuvlor  .t  Valeucicuuca) 1031 

3030 II 


XVI  CONTBUTS. 

CLASS  III.  PISCES-Continued. 

Orokk  BB.  AcAnmoi'TEKi— Continued. 

FamUyCLXr.  A'ca  rtdw—t-'ontinued.  l*«g«'- 

2042.  hojilomyHtax  (Copo) 1632 

2043.  iiiplioblcH,  Jordan  &  BoUraan 163:i 

2044.  nurofrruatuiii  (Cu vier  &  Valenciennes) 1634 

2045.  oxyliracliiiini  (Poey) 16.^4 

2046.  al)ildgiiardi  (Blocli) l(Wr> 

2047.  diHtinctum  (Poey) 1635 

2048.  cliryaoptoniin  (Itlooh  Si.  Sclineider) 1630 

2049.  lorito,  Jonlnn  &  Swain 1037 

2050.  viride  (Bouniiterre) 1638 

SubgenuH  EnscaruH,  Jordan  &  Evvriuann 1639 

2051.  HtrijEUtoni  (Oiintber) 1639 

20r>2.  flavcHTOnw  (Blocli  &  Schneider) 1639 

2053.  nibri]>itiuo  (Ouvier  ic  Valenciennofi) 1640 

2054.  bra<iiiali!  (Poey) 1641 

2055.  mii8cbnl«Mpilim  (Blocl(er) 1641 

20.')6.  frondoMiim  (('uvicr) 1642 

Genus  049.  Sruriis,  ForHkal 1042 

Sa1>f;eunti  Scania 1645 

2057.  pnurtiilatus  (Cuvier  Jt  Valencieunea) 1045 

2058.  Ixillninni,  Jiirdnn  &  Rvermann 1646 

2059.  toniopteniH,  Dejtniarest 1640 

2060.  aracauKa  (Oiintber) 1647 

2061.  triHpinosus,  Cuvior  &  Valenciennes I64K 

2062.  ciizaroiUi-,  Bean 1648 

2(163.  vetnla(Bl<>ch  &  Scbneider) 1049 

2064.  irnatbotlus,  Pwy 1050 

Sub(;eniiH  Calliodon  (Gronow)  S<^linoider l«.5(i 

206,').  cniii-onHiH  (Bluch) 1650 

2066.  evernianni,  Jordan le.*!! 

2067.  rtavoiimrginatHM,  Covivr  &  Valenctonm-o 1652 

2068.  ncntus,  Poey 1(B2 

2060.  cii-ruleiis  (Blo<-h) 1652 

2070.  cuiblcuiatii^UH,  Jordan  &.  Hutti-r 1654 

(trnna  OiiO.  PHciKloaiaruit,  Bleelier 1655 

•  Subgenus  P<ie«doMcaru» 1655 

2071.  (•(i^lentiuiis  (Cti vii-r  \.  Valvncieuues) 165."> 

2072.  Hiniplcx,  P<W}' \ISy6 

2073.  pleiauUH  (I'w-y) 1«5« 

Subgenus  Lore,  Jonlnn  &  Everniann 1657 

2071.  ^uacamaia  ((Juvier) 1657 

2075.  jHTrioo  (Jordan*  Gill>ert) 1658 

Group  /.(xiidca 1659 

famUy  VLXII.  /.•/<(«• 1050 

(reuuH  651.  ZenopHis,  Gill 1660 

2076.  ocellalUH  (Storcr) 1660 

(tenu!i652.  Zcnion,  Jordan  &  Erermann 1601 

2077.  boIoli>iiiit  (Goo<le  &  Bejiu) 1661 

GenuH653.  Oieosoma,  (;nvierA  Valoucienues 1662 

2078.  atlantiruni,  Cuvier  i  ValuncicuuCH 1662 

Group  Caproidoa 1063 

Family  CLXIII.  ('aproiilir 1«6:( 

UenuH  654.  Antigouia.  Lowe 1664 

2079.  capros,  Lowe 1 0(i5 

SUBOliDEa  S<}l'AJliri.NNES 1665 

Family  CLXIY.  Kphijipiilir 1666 

Uenus655.  Cbwtodiptvrus,  l.,ac<'|K-do 1607 


COKTESTIi. 


XVII 


CIk&SS  til.  PtSCES-CuntiiiuiMl. 

ObIIKM   BlI.    AoAMTIJIIITKItl— CimllmitHl. 

yamiljf  I'LXiy.  l'i>liii'jii(lie  —Conliuuc*\.  POC 

UUDO.  r«b<-r(I!r<MHtrt4)ni'() IMU 

20*1.  /.i>u:<tiiM(;ir«r<l)  1008 

Uuniin  )i.'<0.  rurnpartlUH.  c^telmliknliiisr 106B 

'JUH'i.  pumuumiNis,  Stximlaobnttr.. .............................. ......  Uiftu 

ramilu  OLXV.  il'>ftvil«iitUI(V lOW 

(jviiUB  057.  I'ro^uutliiMlns,  Gill 1071 

ZUIW.  wulrwluad'tioyt 1071 

QvuuhOSK.  Kur<'li>i|ier,  Jordan  \:  Molircgor 1071 

2084.  Iliiviiiiiiiiiiia.  J<iri1:iii  Jt  Mi'Uragor 1071 

(iiuian  tl'iU.  Cli:i't<><luu  ( Arlrili)  l.itiiiiiMM... ............... 1K72 

Siib|f>'ui<8  lJ1iii'tiHli>iil<i)iii,  lllockur 167:t 

2085.  nigriroMtrin  (Clll) 167n 

20M.  o<-»llaliiH,  IJlwIi 1074 

3087.  biimvrultii,  Ijunlbnr 1074 

angg.  »e<l(<nlariUH,  Pwy 1075 

S08».  •yii.  .Ionian 1075 

201H1.  alii-iiUtiiK  (Poey)    1070 

2Wi.  nlriiitun,  I.iuna'iiR 1077 

Sillijieiiiiii  Cllii'tiMlou 1077 

2u6'.2.  •'uiiiidratuK,  Liiinicua .^. 1077 

2iiB:i.  Iirirri.  Siuitb 1078 

UdUiuiaAU,  PiiiiiaiAlilhilH.  La<M>|><.<>de ICTB 

Snbgi'DUM  Poiiin<:iiiithiii> 1070 

2094.  arciiiituii  (Llnnu'iia) 1071) 

20v:i.   tmni  (Illoi  lil 1080 

SiibBruiiii  r'omat^HiillMxleil,  GiU. 1081 

2UWi.  /.iinipwtiia  ((iill) »..,.,*.. is , 1081 

(J«uii.i  liOl.   ll.iliHmilliiiK,  LitripUt 1«82 

2097.  |iAiM«r,  Vidrmirniieg 1082 

21108.  cliuioiicnuU.  Oilbc-rt 108:t 

2tt99.   Iiioiiliir(llluch) 1084 

OeniiaQCJ    .\ii|(t-lirbtliyi4.  Jonlun  &.  Evennanii 1081 

2IUU.  i-llUriA  (Liiuiirilii) 1084 

2101.  iKiiOelilii,  Jnnlnu  it  Rutl«r 108S 

2102.  bxl.Hiw.  .Iiirilun  A:  Kntter 1088 

Famiiy  Ct-VT/.  XnnHiitm 1087 

(luuiiH(MM.  Ziiiivl{i«,  (.'uvlvr  &  ValeucieDne« 1087 

2iu;i.  rorniitun  (Lliiiiii'iKi) ...... .. 1087 

FaiHan  rijXVir.   Tf<ilhi,li<hf 1088 

G«iiii.'<  004.  'reiitlilA,  I.tUDumn 108!! 

2104-  trlimtegim  (LiDiiii-ual 101KI 

Sn*.  ciiral<-ii»  <Bluib  *  Schiiiddm-) 1001 

2IOfl.  Ii«|iiilui%.  Lmuieim 1091 

2107.  <'ri»u>iii«,  Jurrluu  &  .Storks 1002 

2108.  Iialiiitiiiiii  <('iull<innii> 1093 

21011.  nlialn  I  Lt-Hiton) 1093 

Cienua  W5.   Xt-iirii)i,.lifiiIaD  &Ercnuanil i 1094 

2110.  imurt.-iliiii  (liill) 10U4 

2111.  fUrloiilisGlllwrt  it  .StArk* 1095 

2112.  liiUclaviu.<t  ( Valvnvlcnnos)..... I09& 

(IIIUBH  CC.   FLSrTVMlNATlll tflIM 

SLtlOUIlKR  S<-|.RRODKBNI 1087 

Familii  CLXVIll.  Triafanlhidof 1007 

GpliiiitOSO.  Hollnnliii,  Vovy IflW 

2113.  hollnnli.  I'.iey 10o8 

Foinily  VLXIX.  liutittulit 1086 


XVIU  CONTEKTS. 

CLASS  III.  PICES— ConUnued. 

Obukb  BB.  Acanthoptkbi— Continued. 

Family  CLXIX.  Bali$tidoe—Contima.eA.  Vagfi. 

Gonu«667.  lialUtcs  (Artedi)  LtuniFUS 1689 

Subj;eniia  CapriBciiH,  Kafluesque 1700 

2114.  IH>1}-Icpi8,  Steindaohncr 1700 

2115.  naiifra^uni.  Jordan  &  Starka 170O 

2116.  carulincusig,  Gmelin 17U1 

2117.  forclpatUB,  Gmelin 1702 

SnbKenua  Baliat4w 1703 

2118.  retiila,  Linnotus 1703 

Genua  068.  rachynathua,  Swaiuaon 1703 

2119.  capiatratna  (Sliaw) 1704 

GeuiiM  609.  Citntiiiilermia,  Swainson 1705 

2120.  aobaco, Poey :...  1705 

2121.  aufllanieu  (Mitchill) 1706 

2122.  iunculatu»(Bluoh) 1706 

2123.  wiUnghbeii  (Lay  &  Bennett) 1707 

fleMn>i070.  XanthidithyH, Kaiip 1708 

2124.  ringena  (Linmi-ua) 1709 

2125.  niento  (Jordan  Jk  Gilbert) 1710 

Genua  671.  Melicbtliya,  Swainaon 1711 

2126.  jiitcuad'oey) 1711 

2127.  biapinuHua,  Gilbert 1711 

Family  CLXX.  Itonaeantliida 1712 

Genua  672.  (.'antlierinea,  Swainaoii 1713 

2128.  pullUH(K«tizaui) 1713 

2129.  raroln-,  Jordan  &.  McGri'itor 1713 

Genua  673.  Monacanthua,  Curler 1714 

2130.  <iliaUi»(Mit«liill) 1714 

2131.  liiapiduH  (Linnama) 1715 

2132.  apilouotua,  Cope 1716 

2133.  oppoaitus,  Poey 1716 

Genua  071.  Paeudomonncautbua,  Bleelicr 1717 

2134.  amphioxya  (Cope) 1717 

Genua  675.  Alut<-ru,  (.'uvier 1717 

Suligcnua  Oralat'anthua,  Gill 1718 

2135.  Bcli<ipfll(\Valbaum) 1718 

2UI0.  punctata,  Agaaaiz 1718 

Sul>|;<>nuH  OalMMrkia,  Jordan  &  Kvcmiann 1719 

2137.  »iripta(l)abei-k) 1719 

Snbgenua  .V lulera 1 720 

2i;W.  inoniK-fnia  (OalKHtk) 1720 

SUBUKUKK  <)!ITK.\('Ol)BKMI 1720 

Family  CLXXI.  OtlraeiidiB 1721 

Genua  676.  Lactophrya,  Swainaon 1721 

Subgenus  IMiinuanmuH,  Swaiuaon 1722 

2139.  tri<|neter(L)una'ua) 1722 

Subf^enaa  Cliapinun,  Jordan  &Brerniaun 1723 

2140.  bivaudalia  (Liiinsi'ua) 1723 

Subgenua  Lactophrya 1 723 

2141.  trigonua  (Linntpua) 1723 

Snbgenua  Arantliostraoioo,  Itleeker 1724 

2142.  tricomia  (Linna-ua) 1724 

SUBOKDER  GrMMODOKTKH 1726 

Family  CLXXII.  Trtraodontidtr 1726 

Gonna  677.  Lajfocephalua,  Swainaon 1727 

2143.  hi-vigatua  (Linnirua) 1728 

2144.  pavliycepluilua  (Kaiizaui) 1728 


OOITTKNTS. 


XIX 


CLAR8  III.  PISCES— ConUmird. 

Ohdbk  l;H.  AcA.Tni<iiTK«i-C<'iiliniie(l, 

Family  CI^XXIl-  7Vfr<i(ii/iiii(i-i.r_CnntinnwI.  Vngt'. 

CioDnx  STH.  Sphrrolilox,  Lnit^-pMe 1729 

SubgcutiM  Spbt'tniileH 173 1 

2Hb.  !iiii:ti9lk-4<|)ii  (Jcnytis) 1731 

2t*0.  Iiiliutim  (Sti'iiiilnobneri ITai 

2U7.  ain-iiglrri  (HI.m-Iii ^ 1782 

iUK  maral.itnH|ll]iM'Ii  &  St-li nriilor) 17»S 

2UB,  inarm nral  11  n  (Riui^ui^ ,..,- 1733 

.SubgenimChelllnhtln*,  Milll.r 1734 

2150.  lestucliiwus  (Liutiit'ti*) 1734 

2151.  aiiuiilatui*  (.Jcnyiif) 1738 

r;i6lo.  iiolitiiH  (Gininl) 17.16 

2152.  ronnotiiiii  (iMiDtberl 17311 

2153.  fnnlii  (SIcinrlncbnor) 1737 

2154.  trb-bMi-ctpbuliiK  (Opo) I75I7 

2155.  parbygiutDr  (Miillrr  AcTnisrliKl) 1738 

OenUNSTg.  Dvniilri,  r.iu;^'|ii'ile 1738 

2150.  crribizoii  (Junlau  i  Gilbort) ]73» 

2157.  ».'lo<«ii»  (liiiJuiSmltb) 1739 

rreuim  mi.  nilonKWim,  (iill 1740 

2158.  ptiiltarnii  (ItliM^h.V  Schneider) 1740 

famUu  Ct.XXni.  ranlhigmtrndir 1740 

Iti^Diis  tWl.  I.'aiitliipwter.  .Swaiimnti ....... ... . ., 174J 

21SS.  piini'tnllsiiiniaii  Uliitilber)... 1741 

21B0.  roHlratUR  (Blucb) 1741 

fMtHityCLXXir.  IHodenlUtv 1743 

GpnimBfC.  TrirhotliiKii.n,  Ifloekw 174B 

JIM.  pilOTiuKMitcblll) 17« 

Gci>u«(^.  l>i(Mlon,  r.iun.i-im 1744 

216J    hjHtrii,  Llnti.Tiw 174» 

218:1.  Iiiilncaatbiiii.  LiiiniPnil 1740 

2164.  iimuiilircr,  Kunp 1747 

Gxniix  Sit^l.  CbilomycteniK,  Ilibran 1717 

Siib({i-iniH  CyclirhtbyH,  Knup  ......... 1718 

21*5.  Bch<ppfl  (WdJbmitn) • 1748 

2168.  apincnnH,  Linnx'U.s 174P 

2167.  aiitUlariiin,  Jonliui  A:  Rutter 1749 

2108.  luitfiitijitiifi  (Cuvier) 17S0 

SiibgtiiinM  I'bilomyitU-Tiw 17fi0 

2Ifi8.  alini:a<Llnii.i-tii!) 1780 

2170.  <'iilirorni(<ii»iii,  £i|;oiiriiniin mi 

<iniin«fU)S.  Lyonphn-rn.  Kvi<rniiiiin  &  Kniwljill 1751 

2171.  glnboso,  Uvvrniiui u  &,  EuDtloil 1751 

t'imilti  CLXXr.  ilolitttn 17S8 

ISmnaCilO.  Moln,  Onvlor 1758 

2172.  inola(Liimii'ua) 1753 

Umoa  687.  Ruiuuila.,  Nanlo 1755 

2173.  tniiicaUi(R».tfiii») 1758 

ScmiKDEK  LnnicATi 1750 

>'iitni(y  f'l.XXVl.  Scorpintidtr 1758 

GcnnitOM.  ScbajitCB.  Cuvier 1700 

2174.  nuirinus  (LlnUiiun) 1700 

a«iu«  680.  Sebantolobuii,  GUI 1761 

2t7.S.  nLuiranuii,  n«an 1761 

2176.  •ItivelU,  Ciillicrt 1768 

GciraitOBO.  Seba«tode«,GiIl 17GS 

Sabg«lliu  SmmeU*,  Joriliin  Sl  Kvernmnn 1777 


XX  CONTENTS. 

CLASS  III.  PISCES— Continued. 

Ohder  nil.  AcANTiioPTERi— Continned. 

Famil)/  OLXXTI.  •S'ror;»CHui(r— Continued.  I**eo. 

2177.  i;Iaacu8;Hilgoudorf) 1777 

SnbgenuH  SebasUides lT7li 

2178.  jordani,  Gilbert 1778 

2179.  );oodei,  Kigenniann  &  Kigenmann 1779 

2180.  paiiriapiniH  (Ayren) 1780 

Snbgenua  Sebastosoinus,  (Jill 1781 

2181.  n.ividuH  (Ayros) 1'81 

2182.  Herranoidos,  Eigenmaun  &  Eigonnianii 1782 

2183.  nielaiiopH  (Uirard) 1782 

SubgenuH  PrimoHpina,  Eigcnmann  &.  Bo<$Ron 1783 

2184.  cili.it«8  (Tilesiu*) 1783 

2185.  mygtinnA,  .Tordan  &  Gilbert 1784 

SvibgenuH  Actitunieiitnm,  Eigenmaun  &  Becsou 1785 

2186.  cutomelns  (Jordan  &  Gilbert) 1785 

2187.  rtiriiR,  Ki;:enmaun  &.  Eigrmiiann 1T86 

2188.  luacdonaldi  (Eigenmnnn  &  Bceson) 1788 

2189.  brevispiniii  (Bean) 1787 

2190.  ovali8(Ayr«») 1788 

2191.  oigenmanni,  Cramer 1789 

2192.  IiopkinRi,  Cramer 1789 

2193.  aliitiiB  (Gilliert) '. 1790 

2194.  prorigiT  (Joi-dan  &  Gilbert) 1792 

Siibgeniia  Rcnicola,  Jonlan  &  Evennann 1793 

219.';.  pinnigcr  (Gill) 1793 

2196.  miniatus  (Jordan  &(iilbert) 1794 

Sniigeiius  Zalopyr,  Jordan  Ss.  Evermann 179.') 

2197.  aleiitianii*,  Jurdnii  &  Evennann v 17fi5 

2198.  atrorulxtnH,  Gilbert 1796 

2199.  atroviren*  (Jordan  &  Gilbert) 1797 

SubgeuiiH  EosebaoteH,  Jordan  &  Evomiaun 1798 

2200.  suxiooU((}ill)ert) 1798 

2201.  cranieri,  Jordan 1709 

2202.  Ht'micinctns,  Gilbert 1800 

2203.  diploproa(Gilb.rrt) 1801 

2204.  aurora  (Gillwrf) 1802 

2205.  m<-lanaNtoiiin»,  Eigenmaun  &  Eigenmann 1803 

2206.  iiitronigcr (Gilbert) 1803 

SiibgenUH  .Sebaxtomiis,  Gill 1805 

2207.  nilM-rrimiis,  Cramer 1805 

2208.  cc>ii»telliitiiH  (Jordan  vfe  Gilbert) 1806 

2209.  uiubruHiiA  (Jordan  .V.  Gilbert) 1807 

2210.  ro«aceu«((;irard) 1808 

2211.  ayreafl,  Gilliert  &  Cramer 1808 

2212.  rbodiMsbli.riH  (.Tordan  AGilliert) 1809 

2213.  ens,  Eige.nniuun  &,  Kigenmann 1810 

2214.  gilli,  Eisenm.ann  &.  Eigvnmanu 1811 

2215.  elilorostiotug  (Jordan  Sc  Gilbert) 1811 

221(1.  miwHtria  (Gilbert) 1812 

SiibgeniiH  Hi.ipaMisenH,  ("ramcr 1813 

2217.  HincnuiH  ((5ilbert) 1813 

2218.  zaccnlniH  (Gilbert) 1814 

2219.  elongatiw(Ayr.w) 1815 

2220.  k>vi«  (Kigenmann  \  Kigenmann) 1816 

2221.  rnbriviuetuB  (Jonlan  &.  Gilbert) 1817 

SnbgcniiH  Anctoapinn,  Kif;cumann  k.  BvvHon 1817 

2222.  ourlcultttus  (Girard) 1817 


CONTKNTS. 


XXI 


CLASS  ni.  PISCEK-Continued. 

(JRDEit  BB.  AcANTHoi'TKUi— Continued. 

FnmUy  VI.XXVI.  .SV(ir;)»i:j«i<T(r— Coiitiniiwt.  ragB. 

2222m,  ilidlil  (EiifiMinijinn  A.  IWwinj U18 

Siibgrnuii  I'lvrnixiiliiH,  Kifonuinim  •&  Ilorsoil IRIU 

222U.  niBlTOlUaiT  (.Ii.itUn  i  <Jill>«rl) I8I» 

Tin.  cOHrlnus  (RuiIianlMon) 1820 

232S.  VKHllliiriii  (.loriluii  &  (iilbort) 1821 

i£26.  nialigi'r(Juri1iiii  &.  (iilburt) 1822 

2227.  gillwrti,  CrmmT 11(23 

3228.  oiniatiiK  (.Iiinlan  4  Gilbori)..?. 1824 

1238.  i-lir3-A(»ni-luii  (.lorUnn  .t  liilliort) IH'.!.') 

1230.  ii<<liul>»iiK  |.\vti!.s) 1836 

HuliKi'niiii  SflwHilirlilliyn,  ilill ^ 1827 

2231.  t«Trjoef>«  (Junlnn  i.  dilWrt) 1827 

22.12.  nJKi'iH'iiirluH  (Ajivm) 1827 

OMim  GDI.  S<>ha«IO|iiR,  Oill _ 1835 

22;i:(.  »yri».  Jordan  \  (lillH^rt 18.T5 

UonuH  n02.  Urlicoleniia.  iiiKMl<>  iV  Bean 183(1 

2ilt.  <Iacr>loptorim  (Hi-  lii  Uih'Iio) 1837 

223R.  iiiaiU'rc^DMiH,  GtMxIi*  ^  ll^'jin ,.....,^...^....^., 1837 

UenuA  u»;i.  ,S<i<rTi"n«  (Arl.«ili)  LliiiuMia 1830 

22.111.  rtgUKni^li.iiuiHli'  vt  llvnn 184(1 

S2:r7.  criKlrilaIn,  (ioo«1i'  .t  Itooa 184.1 

22.W.  liriwill«ii«i>,  I'livlcr  A:  Valoneicnues 1812 

22;i».  lilatriit,  Jeiiyna 1813 

saw.  iHiiiiKHW,  ('ramiT  ., 1815 

2211.  |;utlatu.  GiranI 18i7 

2242.  |ilumk<ri,  ItliH'li    iai8 

tU'A.  luy.^Ua,  .fiirilan  i  .siarka 184!l 

2244.  grntiilicnrni»,  I'liviiT  A  ValiMIciennua 18S0 

2245.  riin!iiila..lnnlaii  ..V  ISuIliiiiin IS.'*! 

224B.  •MiiinrEf,  Jonkina  iV'  Ev<<rmann 1852 

324*.  uurniia.  CuTirr  &  Valeiiciennoa 1853 

Geuim  Ou4.   I'liiitiniiH,  I'uoy 18C4 

2248.  mai-roli<|iin.  Goodo  A  Benn 186.1 

2340.  caator,  I'wy 1850 

2150.  jxillti^.  I'laiy 1857 

23S1.  mthlmiii.  Gwnln  i  Dean 1867 

2S.52.  loUf^apiuiN,  liofxle  A:  HnAU ]8.^8 

225.T    (.iorra  iGillwrt) 1859 

Genua  09.V  Svlarclira.  .Icilinaun IBfiQ 

ISil.  lUtrtimtiM.  Gnuflo 1880 

family  CLXXVII.  AnupU'pi>iH.atiilai 1861 

GfUiiaOOA.  Aiiii|ilii|Miuiu.  Ayroa 18(11 

2255.  nnilirin  (Pallaa) 1882 

Gi-nua  r>'.)7.  Eiili-piH.  Gill I88S 

235(1.  /.niiiriT  (l.o<.kine(oii, , 186S 

Family  t'LXXVIII.   IJrxjtirrnmmiJir 1883 

Gonii.'<  (I!ii4.   riciiriijcnuiiiiiiin.  Gill , 1884 

2257.  moiiii|>teryeiiia  (I'ullna) 1884 

(icuiiK  OUO.  Jli'xaKrauiiiioa  (St«ll«r)  Tllcaina 1800 

2258.  <ic<««niiiiiiiii»  (I'nllaa) 1*07 

225(1.  <(.t<ii:raiiini«>.  (I'allaa) ISflQ 

22fl0.  alrllcrl,  TllrslUK 1871 

2J«II.  •iipi«r<'llii«nB  ll'iilUa) 1872 

2202.  lugiM'rplinliia  (I'nllaa)   18711 

(ivuiia  "IW.  iipliUnliin.  (ririird 1875 

238:1.  uluugatua,  Giranl 187& 


XXU  CONTKNT8. 

CLASS  III.  PISCES— Continnod. 

Obdbr  IJIJ.  AcANTiioi-TKBl— Contlnned. 

Fataily  CLXXYIII.  Hexagrammida—ConUwxtA.                                          PaK*- 
6eiiii«T01.  Zaniolepig,  GiranI 1876 

2264.  latlpinnU,  Girnnl 1876 

2265.  frenatus,  Eigenmann 1877 

0<>nii«702.  Oxj-Jolilns,  Gill 1878 

2266.  |>lctiiB,Gin 1878 

Family  OLXXIX.  Cottidat 1870 

Geiiuii703.  Jordania,  SUrkg 1884 

2267.  zunope,  StarkH 1884 

Genaa  704.  I'ariccUnua,  Eigenmann  &  Eigenmann 1885 

2268.  Iiopliticus,  Kigenmann  &  Eigenmann 1886 

GenoH  705.  Alr.idca,  Jordan  &.  Evermann 1886 

2269.  thobarni  (Oillxsrt) 1887 

GoniiM706.  Scorpa<niolittiyH,  Girard 1889 

2270.  marmgratus  (Ayreg) 1889 

GeniiH707.  Chitocotiia,  Lookington 1889 

2271.  pugvtoiiRis  (Steinda«linor) 1890 

Gen  as  708.  Tarandiclitbya,  Jordan  &  Evermann .• 1891 

2272.  cavifrona  (Gilbert) 1891 

2273.  fllamentoiing  (Gilbert) 1892 

2274.  tenuis  (Gilbert) 1893 

Gonii8  709.  Iceliuiis,  Jordan 1894 

2275.  flmbriatug,  Gilbert 1894 

2276.  ociilatng,  GUbert 1895 

2277.  boreivlig.  Gilbert 1896 

2278.  qiiadriHerlatiiH  (Lockington) 1897 

2279.  Rtrabo,  Starkg 1897 

Genag7I0.  Agtrolytea,  Jordan  &.  Starkg 1898 

2280.  notoapllotns  (Giranl) 1899 

2281.  fenealralia  (Jordan  &  GUbert) 1899 

Genua  711.  Arcbigteg,  Jordan  &  Gilbert 1900 

2282.  plumariiig,  Jordan  i  Gilbert 1900 

Gonna  712.  Artcdina,  Girard 1902 

2283.  latrralig  (Girard) 1902 

2284.  naperulus,  Starka 1900 

Gentia713.  Axyriaa,  SUrkg 1903 

2285.  harringtoni,  Starkg 1904 

Genua  714.  Artedielhig,  Jordan 1905 

2286.  uncinatne  (Belnhardt) 1905 

2287.  atlanticug.  Jordan  &  Evermann 1906 

2288.  paciflcug,  Gilbert 1906 

Genna  715.  Ragcariaa,  Jordan  Si,  Starka 1008 

2289.  meanyi,  Jordan  &.  Starkg 1908 

Genua  716.  Raatrinng.  Jonlan  &  Evermann 1909 

2290.  gcutiger  (Bean) 1900 

Genna717.  Icelug,  Kriiyer 1011 

2291.  bicomlg(Roinhaidt) 1911 

2292.  apinlger,  Gilbert 1914 

2293.  euryopg,  Bean 1915 

2294.  vicinalis,  Gilbert 1916 

2295.  canal  iculatua,  Gilbert 1917 

2296.  anatrallR,  Eigenmann  &£igenmann 1918 

G«nug718.  E,idullnna,  Gilbert 1919 

2297.  boleoideo,  Gilbert 1919 

2298.  aaprelUig,  Gilbert 1920 

Genua  719    St«lgi.itrnm,  Jordan  &  GUbert 1921 

2299.  at^jnegeri,  Jordan  &  GUbert 1921 


-  CONTKNT8.  XXIII 

CLASS  IIL  PIHCKS-ConUnned. 

Obdrb  BB.  AcAirraoFTUtt— Continned. 

FamU]/  CLXXIX.  Co((td<r— Conttnned.                                                            Tage. 
GenDHT20.  Triglops,  Reiohardt 1923 

2300.  pingeli,  Iteinhardt 1923 

2301.  bcADi,  Gilbert 1924 

2302.  Bcepticna,  Gilbert 192.'; 

6enns721.  Stemiaa,  Jordan  &  Evennann 1926 

2303.  xenoatbetua  (Gilbert) 1927 

neDnR722.  FrioniHtiiu,  Bean 1927 

2301.  macelloii,  Bean 1928 

GenuH723.  Blanura,  Gilbert 1930 

2305.  forflcata,  Gilbert 1930 

Genua  724.  HelleteH,  Bean 1932 

2308.  papilla.  Bean 1932 

GeniiH  725.  Hemilrpidotna,  Curier 1934 

2307.  JoTdani,Bean 1934 

2308.  Iiemilepidotn«(TileBias) 1936 

Genus  726.  Calycilepidotna,  Ayrea 1936 

2309.  apinoaus,  Ayms 1987 

Genns727.  Enupbryu,  Swainson 1937 

Subgenna  Aapicottas,  Giraril 1938 

2310.  biaon  (Gironl) 1938 

Sabfrnna  Enophrys 1938 

2311.  clavier  (CiiTipr  &  Valcnriennea) 1938 

Oenna728.  CeratocottUH,  Gill 1939 

2312.  Iiicaai,  Jordan  &.  Gilbert 1940 

2313.  dii-erauH  (Pallaa) 1940 

Genns729.  Cotlns  (Artedi)  Unnn^na 1941 

Subgenua  Pegedictlii,  Raflneaqne 1944 

2314.  aapor,  Rlcbardson 1944 

2316.  KDloana  (Girard) 1944 

2316.  evermanni,  Gilliert 1945 

2317.  rhotbeua,  Riwa  Smith 1940 

2318.  abasta,  Jordan  &  Starke 1947 

2319.  pnnctnlatua  (Gill) 1048 

2320.  »cml»oab«T  (Cope) 1949 

2321.  ictalopH  (Raflneaqne) 1950 

Snbscnua  Tanridea,  Jordan  &.  Rico 1952 

2322.  rird.Xrlaon 1952 

Subgenna  Cottus 1953 

2323.  onychiia,  Eigonmann  &.  Kigeniuann 1953 

2324.  polliraria  (Jonlan  &  Gilbert) 1953 

2325.  rognaUiK,  Kicliardaon IWA 

2326.  perplexna,  Gilltort  &  Evcnnann IftW 

2327.  klamnibenalH,  Gilbert 1955 

2328.  alKuticuH.  Gilbert 1957 

2329.  minntiM,  Pallor 19!>K 

2330.  Itelilingii,  Eigonniann  ^Eigenmann '. 1958 

2331.  pliil(ini]m,  Eigenmann  &■  Eigenmann 1959 

23.32.  Hunn-,  Jordan  &  Starka 1900 

2333.  KpllotiiH  (Copp) 1961 

23:m.  Icinponma,  Gilliert  &  Erermann IB62 

2335.  princepa.  GilU^rt 1962 

GenuH730.  ITranidoa,  IKi  Kay 1!»63 

2336.  liemlinl'dJean) , 1961 

2337.  grtfnei,  Gillxrt  &  Culver ..^ 1965 

233a  niarginnta,  Heiin 1965 

2339.  tcniiiH,  Evomianu  ii  Merk 1966 


XXII  CONTKNT8. 

CI.AHH  III.  I'lHOKH-ContlnniMl. 

OHIilCit  UK.  AcANTMoi'TKHl    (^nntliiiiml. 

t'ainilu  (UiXXVI  1 1.  llezajirammidft—CoatUmtA.  Pago- 

OnniiaTOl.  /anioleplH,  tilrnril 1876 

2W1.  luUplniilii.Oiriinl 1876 

'£!K>.  rrountim,  Kijiminiaiiii 1877 

(liliiiM7tl'J.  0%.vlohtu«,  (Jill 1878 

tm.  iilctim,  (1111 1878 

familiiVLXXIX.  Cotliiltr 1879 

Ofniiit  70:i.  .Inriliinin,  Slarku 1884 

2207.  »iiii<i|K>,  SUrkM 1884 

(I<>iiuhT04,  I'Arli-fllniiii,  Ki^^'niiiniin  &  Kigenmuin 188& 

'am.  liiiplitlcnn,  Kicruiimnn  &  Ei{;<-uinaDii 1886 

(irlinii'U.V   .McUloii,  <l(inliiii  iV  Kvenuann 1886 

t»W.  tholmnii  ((illlM-rt) 1887 

(JoiniK  "IMI.  S<Hir|wiilo.litli}»,  (iirnrd 1889 

2270.  mnriiu>r»tiiH(Ayn>ii) 1889 

UmiiikTOi.  ('hKor.iitiiH,  Lm-kini;t<in 1889 

2271    i>ii>p't«>iiiili«(St«ln<lailim>r) 1890 

(ivntiN  atiH.  Taraiiilirlitlty*,  •Ionian  A-  Ercnuann .■ 189] 

2272.  <N»vllV»>m«((;illw>rt) 1891 

22r,l.  IUaiMoiit<w««(«iUH«rt) 1892 

2274,  tPUnlx  ((SlllMTt) 1893 

DrniiM  7»1».  l><(>iiiiHii,  Jonlan 1894 

227.\  «ml>n»(Hi«.  CillMTt 18M 

227«l  <><■ulatll^>.  (Jillwrl 1895 

2277.  Iwrmlm,  (tiUxTt 1896 

S27S,  i|iiiiilriwrialU!>  iIrfH-kini;t<>u) 1897 

327«».  MmlHi,  SUrk» 1897 

i;rnn«7UV    Vslntlytm.  Jxnian  .V  Starku 1898 

S;*x   nituvupiU'iU"  it5iranl> 1899 

SiSl.  IVn««lrali!>(.l»r<Un  \  (JiltxTt) 1899 

«S«>«u«7ll.   .Vn-hiMo-v  Jordan  A  tiiU*rt 1900 

»e    |>l«>»»ri«*,  Jonlan  J(  liilbMrt 1900 

lWnu*7IV    Ar(v«liu*,  itirani  1903 

ISS.V  Ui<'tv«:U  lOiranii  190S 

5i»l    »»|>«>rulu*  SlarV*  19(3 

<!*«■.>»  T'.,l    A\>n«»  S>*rk».... 1908 

»S,\  harrmjihvnt.  Si*rk«  1904 

(<<«»!>  T:4.    Arl»»lw;;«>s  Jx^rvUa 1906 

»*  u»«".«>au>s  ,Kr:n!<ar.lr IIW 

Si*'    aiUxvu*.  JtvUaa  .V  K>«rma>a 19M 

SJBiS.  jvi»s6»tt5.  iJiUwrt   net 

ti*««*  *'.X   Kv4!*»r*.«».  J.^T\U«  A  S»*rl»    IMS 

tS»  w<t«ny.  JvVkUa  X  Surt.»  IMO 

«W«iiM  7141  K«MT-.««x  .*.«><a9!  *  Kxtcmaaa llM 

2»V.  KWSyxt    *»<>»»■  I9M 

\W«»*  ".7    l.vt-(!>.  KT\\Mff     ItH 

i2»-,    >».vr»i>  .>fr-.»>.*raj     MI] 

js*t  »>v.v<<«r  vi'.;wrt m« 

»»-  j-i.rxvi^w.  ^V*» mi 

Sah    >v.*.t.',  V  v^x  >•«  --.  »!• 

SSlUK  ,-<k'n»' v &'>u»v  v~  ."SfCT  ., „.  IHT 

raw.  »».«rit,*  VVfwwjut  *  Vs^cov.ioua I9W 

viMcnk'^s  SiwV:,* »♦.  <•  .-iw.-< -,..»;* 

sap  'vi.v.«.t«.  o-  Nrt   , wn 

JS**.    »,«>.■..»«   V  .'.)»«        , , JJQIl 

««M.>n  "7*    J*.-"^;sv-.-M..  ;«-«(;•.■>    a  v^ ;:>•«-. ,,.  >*M 

aML  •»ctM\^c%  .'jeviu  *  v.«t««*^ jaa 


CONTENTS. 


XXUI 


CLASS  III.  PfSCES-ConUnncd. 

Orukr  BB.  ArASTrioiTKHi— Contlnnwl. 

Family  I'LXXIX.  ro«itf<i'— <:oiitlnneil,  P»lfe. 

ClcniiK  Ti>0.  Triglopii,  T^iolmrcU' 1923 

23<H»,  pingi'U.  Kciuharilt IB1*3 

r.w\.  Iwani,  (;ill>ert \VU 

2302.  iu'0[i(i<-ii8,  OillH:rt IBil 

Oenii»7!;i.  Sti^rnian.  .Ionian  A.  ETermann IB28 

2303.  »tno«tlictii«(r;ill)«rt) 1B27 

tititinii  72:!.  T'r:otitHlliiK,  ISnan I0Z7 

2304.  roa.-cllu»,  P.paii IIKW 

C,Kn\is',1:\.  Klaniira,  (ii)liert lUM 

2:10.'..  l'urH''atji,  CUbert 1030 

0«Mnft724.  MpIWot,  «««n 1039 

2I0«.  jittpilio,  Bmb ID32 

UxniiH  Tl'S.  ]lrTuilrpidiitoi),  Cavler IBM 

2307.  jDrdaiii,  Bonn 1934 

a;m8.  )i«niik>pid»tu(i(Tilcsiaii) 1935 

CiAUUk  720.  CuIyiUopiilulmi,  Ayr8« ]930 

£109.  HpiiiimuK,  Avri'Ji 1B37 

Ueuiiit  iLT.  Eiiopliri'n,  SwRiDsoo lOif? 

Siibgcnnit  .\i<jil<'ciUaa,  Uirarrl 1B38 

'aw.  Iiinin  [Cirard) ..^......  lD.t8 

Sabgpnoi  Knopliryii IB:M* 

m\.  clnviKer  (Ciivler  5c  Vitlrnctaniim] 1BJ8 

Qpnu»72S.  Ccratur4>Muii,  Oil] lOM 

23ia.  liivjui,  Jordan  ii.  Gilbert 1M0 

2.11. 1.  illciTuUB  (T'lilliu) lOjO 

Gcdiih72Q.  Coitus  (Artodi)  LJuuK^an 1B4I 

Snbgenna  Pogralirtlit,  RaflDuaqae )Bi4 

2314.  OKiK^r,  KicbardwB 1B44 

2315.  KiiloKi>"(l< Irani) VM 

2310.  evpmieiDiii.  (jilbert 1B45 

2317.  rluitliciiit,  Rona  Smitli 1B40 

2318.  sliaHtu,  .Tiinlsii  A  Starka 1U47 

231».  piinetnlaluii  (Gill) 1U48 

tsao.  •Miiinpalw'r  (Cope) 1B49 

2331.  iptnlnpB  (Iliilliic*qae) lUAO 

SnIisviiitM  Tanridt>ii,  .Ionian  &  Rlee 1B$3 

2322.  ric«l,  NrliiuD 1052 

8nbi;eoiii)  Cutliia 191U 

2323.  ooycliim,  Eigi'Dmann  A  El|;cnnuinii 1S&3 

2324.  polliijirix  <Jonhiii  &.  (lilbcrt) 1963 

232I>.  i'»(n>atiiN.  lilclinrrtnon 1054 

23211.  pcrpliMim,  Gillwrt  A  Evrrmnon 1055 

2327.  kliiiiinllienitU,  liillwrt 19S5 

23'JB.  alrutlciiH,  liillmrt )B57 

2329.  miimtim,  l>aIU.i 1958 

2330.  1>n]diii|;ii,  Eicouiiioiin  &  Eigoumuun.....! 1058 

23:11.  pluliiuijw,  Eif-cuinaiiii  &.  Eigpnmanu 1950 

J33'i  nnnu-.  Jordiiii  &  Slarks 19(1(1 

'asi    apUoliia  (C<>]») 1081 

23:14.  Ii'liijuiiiiuii,  Oillicrt  *  Evermann 1862 

2.135.  priur«|ui,  r.ilbort 1942 

l>eDait730.  rrruiidca,  ni<  Kay 1963 

23:mI.  lK<iidir<'i'(IU.';iii|    .^ I9M 

2337,  En>i'iipi,  tiillirri  4:  Oillver..! 1066 

2338.  ninrginnfa,  llMii. , IS69 

S330.  totiiiiii,  Kvemiatin  A:  Meek «.,,. ItW 


XXIV  *  CONTKST8. 

CLASS  III.  riCES-Coiitinn<>d. 

Urder  IIB.  AcAXTiioPTERi— Continned. 

Famati  CT.XXIX.  ro«id<F— Continued.  P'ge. 

2340.  rranklini  (Ajzasoi?.) 1967 

2311.  kiiralicnii.  Hoy 1967 

73*2.  griicilU  (Herkcl) 1968 

2.143.  fomiosatClranl) 1969 

2344.  Iinyi.  Patmini  1969 

GeuiiaTSl.  Mrnxncephahis  (SIpUit)  Tili'sius 1970 

SuligfuiiH  A('Bnthi>cuttui>.  (Mnirtl 1971 

2345.  biibalU  (KiiiihriiM-ii) 1971 

2.T46.  iinou.-.(Mit<Iil!i) 1972 

2347.  K<i>rpioi<lv»  (FaliririuM 1973 

234".  H<-orpiti«  (Liiin.-i'U^) 1974 

2:t49.  {n"<''nlan<lioim  (Ciivirr  \  Valenoii-nm-s) 1974 

23.')0.  ootmlecinisiilniiiuN  (Milchilli 1976 

Siihsoniia  II yoxoccplialiia 1970 

23.")!.  iHilyacantlioccplialiiR.  Tallas 1970 

2:{52.  jaiik  tfuvier  A;  Valeni'ionnos) 1977 

2353    vi.mioi«u8  (Itean) 1979 

23!>4.  nxillaris  (Gill) 1980 

2353.  mvllcri.  TilcsiiiH 19i<l 

23.'i6.  me.Inius.  R.  A.  r..an 198:t 

2357.  nivirtinddlorzcnstpin) 1984 

2:i58.  iiiK<'r<I'«ani 1985 

C;pnuM732.  XfegalocottiiH,  <;ill 1987 

23.".!>.  platvitphttliiH  (Palliw) 1987 

230(1.  lalii'op.s  (liillHTl)    1988 

Genus  733.  Zi'.itii-tlii..'.  .Ionian  &  Kvi-rnmiin 1990 

2:161.  iirorinulonim  (CillM-rt) 1990 

<icn;i«  734.  I>a.syo<itlus.  IVan 1991 

2302.  8<'li(;>T,  Ik-an 1991 

GrnuK  735.  CuttunculiiH.  I'oIMt 19P2 

2313.  microiw.  CoIU'tt 1992 

2361.  tboniHOnii  (GiuitliiT) 1993 

Genus  7::C.  MalaoH'otlux,  I'l-an 1994 

23(i."i.  zonui'us,  l!<Mii 1994 

GenuH  7.'!7.  Arfrynx'OttuK.  Hcr/.oii.^lcin 199.1 

ZlWi.  zanileri.  HiTreuBlein 1995 

GfDn»7.'l8.  roriK-ottii!*,  Gill 1996 

2307.  wllari!"  (Gilbert) I99C 

2:168.  quadmtus.  II.  A.lU-aii 1998 

2:169.  iMilaris  (Saliiiic) 1998 

2:170.  ipiailiilili^.  <:ill 1999 

2:171.  toutaonlatun  (Km-r) 2000 

GeiiUA 719.  < »uc<KOl f us 2000 

2372.  iiuailrii'iiniis  (l.innn'UK) 2<KI1 

2373.  hexaiiirnisdJirbanlRou) 20H2 

Genu*  740.  Trislopsis.  <°iirar<l 2005 

2374.  tbimipsoni,  Giraixl 2(K)."> 

G<'nu»741.  GyminH-antliuH.  Swainson 2006 

237."..  pi»tilliji<T(l'alla!<i 2006 

2376.  tricu!ipi.<  (Ki-iuharilt) 2008 

2377.  );al.-atns(Bean) •. 2010 

GeniiH  742.  Leiwottus.  Girard -. 2010 

237f<.  Iiinindo,  Girard 2011 

GennHT4:i.  Leplix-i.ttus,  Girard 2011 

2379.  amiatui*.  Girard 2i>12 

GeDti8  744.  Cliuocottus,  Gill 2012 


CONTBNTS. 


XXV 


CLASS  III.  PISCES-Contlnacl. 

obiikb  ItR.  AcAvriioiiTBiii— CvnlinuNl. 

>"n(w>7.v  CI.XXIX.  Cu«iJ'('^Coiiliiim.iI.  Pv- 

2aMI.  iiiiBlii<(Oirunl) 2012 

(;ciiiiH  74.'>.  llli(:<irottiiH,  liiranl „ auis 

2381.  ninoiiliisiiK,  Girard 3013 

J3HZ  Iwrimlis,  Jnrilan  A  Snydnr 2014 

CiftuiiH  till    Il\,\r4itlii/i,  .lanlati  A.  Evrnnatiii 2015 

2HKI.  uiMiliw|w  ((iillicrt) 2015 

Ooiiuii747.  Ulniiuk'iiltiiH,  fUU 2018 

231*4.  KinUryiiiii  (.Iiinlau  &  fitnrV*).-    .     SOlfl 

MS'i.  gliiliirriis  (liirar.l) 2017 

ZIHSo.  lirj-iiHiiR,  .Ionian  4r  HtnrlcR 2017 

GiMiiinTlg.   llUlicicuttiis,  liill 2018 

2:iH«.  Illinium  (Ciiv irr  .V  Vnlpnt:iuunm) Mltl 

littnunHil.  Ul.-|i9ia«.  Ciivlur 201« 

2;iS7.  rirrli<wii»  (PbUhs) 2018 

(Seniio  7.'ia.  NuiillRCiin,  Jurilau  &.  F'v(^^^llln■l  .......... 201S 

23)U<.  jirihilovian.  .Ionian  &  (iilbort SOID 

U«uiiii751.  Kaiilirhtbj-B,  (iiriinl 2030 

23>iU.  «M'nlorii).claHm  (i:irnr<l) 20JI 

UentiH  7S'J.  Ulca,  .lortlun  .V  Kverniotia. ....... ........ 2U2I 

2300.  inarnioriita  (Ilojiu) 2021 

flfluu«7r.3.  lIi^niitriptiTiiii,  f'nvli-r Xm 

2301.  aninrit'iinuit  Mimrlin) 20M 

2302.  «avlfron<,  I^rficlcingUiii 2023 

ritinaa7S4.  SynrliiniH,  Rkiui SOIEI 

2:*03.  silll.  Iloaii ^ ^ 2021 

OatiiiH  7;i5.  Am  I'lic'litliyn.  Jordan  &  nilbrl't. *KU 

2;flH.  rliiHliiriiN,  .Iiiiiluii  &■  tiillH<rl 2025 

GeiiiiB  780.  I'sjiliiiiliitvu.  GiiDtbor 2028 

KlWi.  paruiloYiiH,  tiiiiillKir 2020 

(innnM  737.  (iillHTthiu.  Jnnl.'iii  >V  Stark i 2027 

231X1.  sigiiliiirs  .Xorilaii  .V'  SUirka 3028 

SamUy  Ct.Y.Y.V.  KntnpliDcuiUdce 20ZB 

(ieoiia7&8.  UiiiupliiHUttiiB.  CiinCher 2030 

2:197.  riclmnlsiidi,  liiiiitbiT 203U 

yamav  rj.XXXI   .I.Mfiidn- 2031 

Geiiiifi  759.  I'crcis,  .S<-oiioll 2033 

230K,  Ja|M)tiiriiH(I"«llu») 2034 

G«niiii  7'Ki.  AKi'iii'i'ialuH.  Giiivbi-not 3i;i6 

231*11.  pr<.l..i»ri<lali»  (Valc-nciiMiura) -.  3037 

Genu*  701.  H.vp<(apioil»,  Gill 2038 

2400.  <|nriilrU'iinii»  ((.'iivier  iV.  Valauviennaa) 3038 

a«iiiu702.  SlvlliTinu,  Oranier 3041 

2401.  \yii«loihii  i.Innlau  &  Oilbert) 3042 

Goiiii^  703.  Ui'i-n,  .Ionian  .V.  Krc-nnann... 2043 

2402.  vornuiwa  (  L<ii'kiut;'"ni 2043 

240:i.  iliHliiwilroii  (Tili'jiiim) 2044 

UcnnH  764.  l!rarliyii|ini«.  (ill! ..    2U44 

24114.  ronlralcm  (Tili-alnal SMO 

2405.  negiilii-anU  (TileniiiR) 3048 

Genni)  7(15.  riillniiiaa,  Grami<r 2048 

240(1.  barbatu  (.SliiluilnCbucT) »I40 

2407.  »i»..SI04-kB .^ 2060 

OeJiiiii  7W.  I,c|itn(;()iiii«,  nfll .' 2052 

240H.  (li-iiig.Mnia  (Hlmh  Ac  .Si;lnioi<lcr) 20fl2 

Oomia  767.  PiHli.ibwim.C.ill.. 2064 

3400.  acolpitor,  Jonlau&Siarka 20J5 


XXVI  CONTENTS. 

CLASS  III.  PISCES— Continaed. 

Obdbu  BB.  Aoaktboptbri— Contlnncd. 

FamUy  OLXXXI.  Agonidee—Goniinnod.  !*•£:«■ 

2410.  hamliui,  Jordan  &.  Gilbert 2096 

2411.  gllberti  (Collett) 2058 

2412.  thampHoni,  Jordan  &  Oilbort 2060 

2413.  acipcDSorinua  (Tilcsius) 2061 

2414.  vetemna.  .Tordan  &.  Starkfi '. 2063 

Genn8T68.  AgoijiiB,  151o<h  &  Schn<>ldor 2064 

2415.  cataphracluH,  Linun'US 2065 

neniia760.  Stelgin,  Cramer 2067 

241«.  vnlHiiH  (.lordnu  &  Gilbert) 2067 

Genus  770.  Avcrriincas,  Jordan  &  Starke 20C9 

2417.  emnielano,  Jordan  &  Starka 2060 

2418.  8t4!rletus,  Gilbert 2071 

Genus  771.  Sitrritor,  Cramer 2072 

2419.  frvnatUH,  Gilbert 2OT3 

242<).  lepUirhyncus  (Gilbert) 2075 

Genua  772.  Xygtea,  Jordan  &  Starks 2076 

2421.  BxinophryH,  Jordan  &.  Stiirka 2076 

Genus  773.  liatliyagonuh,  (iilbert 2077 

2422.  nigripinuiH,  Gilbert 2078 

Genus  774.  Xt-nochirus,  Gill)crt 2079 

2423.  pontacantbuH,  Gilbert 2080 

2424.  alaeranus,  Gilbert 2081 

2425.  latlfronH,  Gilbert 2082 

2426.  triaoantbuH.  Gillicrt 2084 

Genus  775.  (Mout^ipyxis,  Lorkinjfton 2085 

2427.  trispiuosuK,  Loekingtou 208.1 

Genu8  776.  ItothragonuH,  Gill 2086 

2428.  8wanii(Steinrta«!lim'r) 2086 

6enn8  777.  Aspidophoroidiit,  Laci-pedo 2088 

SubgcnaH  Ulcina,  Cramer 2089 

2420.  nlriki,  l.iitkcn 2080 

2430.  Runthcri,  Uoan 2090 

24:tl.  niunopterygiiia  (Uloch) 2091 

243i.  barloui,  (}ill>ert 2092 

Subgenus  A noplagonus,  Gill 2093 

24;i3.  iiiermis,  Giiuther 2093 

Family  VLXXXII.  ('tieloptfridai 2094 

Gitnus  778.  Cyclopterus  (Artcdi)  Linnii'ug 2096 

2434.  Inmims,  Liniiii'UH 2096 

(ienu«779.  Kumicrotrcniim,  Gill 2097 

2435.  HpinosuH  (Miillrr) 2098 

2436.  orbiH  (Giintber) 2090 

Genus  780.  I>etlirotrt>niiiH,  Gilbert 2100 

2437.  inuticuH,  Gillwrt 2101 

2438.  vinolentiiB,  Jordan  &  Stnrks 2101 

Genus  781.  ( 'ycloj)tiToidfs,  <  iannan 2102 

2439.  gyrlnops,  Ganuan 2102 

GonuH  782.  ('yclopt'-iiclit hys,  Stcindachner 2103 

2440.  vontricosus  (I'allas) 2104 

Genua  783.  hlparops,  Garman 2104 

2441.  8i<ll<!ri  (Pallas) 2104 

Famili/  <'hXXXUl.  Liparididtr 2105 

Genus  784.  N'uoliparis,  Stfiutlucliner 2106 

2442.  atLinticUH,  Jonlan  &  Evurmann 2107 

2443.  rultori,  Gillicrt  &  .Snyder 2108 

2444.  caUyodon  (I'allas) 2111 


CONTEXTS. 


XXVII 


CLASS  III.  PIS<:;ES-CantJnn«]. 

nilUICK  B1I    ACANTIKirTEBI -ClIlltiDUWi. 

Fitmilii  cr,XX\lll.  A.i>artifMi4»— ContiniKMl.  Vuge. 

m!t.  iiiiicoitiis  (Ayrm) 2111 

2«0.  llariv,  Jonlmi  ^  SUrk-i 2111 

'it*',  f^rifui,  .liiriUn  A.  Sljirk» , 2113 

•iUS.  (luuraliiK,  SdirkH JllS 

Ciouiis  785.  I.ipari-H  (Artwli)  KoupoU silt 

finbpmiis  LifinriH 2110 

3440.  liiuiiis  (LiDDiPUa) 2110 

2tEiO.  oirclcipiifi.  Ciintlier 2I1K 

3451.  fiicvuHiii,  t Gilbert 21I» 

2452.  iiiniiatiu.  Ui-iiibitnlt iiia 

246a.  ojiuaixii,  [■iitiiaiii 2121 

2454.  lirrschelluu*,  Si'ull«lil JI23 

2455.  deanyi,  •Inrdnii  Ai  Stork* 2124 

24.16.  i:ycl<«liaiiia.  ClIbtTt 2126 

Siib^ouiiH  Ly«li|inrii<.  Jordan  Sc.  KT«nniinn 2120 

3457.  |iulrli<'llii«,  Ayr's 2124 

Siibgi'Uiis  .\ctiniichlr,  GUI 2127 

245*1.  iini.ior(liiU) 2127 

UenuB  7M1.  BatliyphaKTiiik.  Dilbcrt 2128 

2460.  ovigtTimi.  (;ilbi>rt 2128 

Geniin  787.  (?a  ri'proctiiK,  Kriyor 2t2B 

Siibgpniiii  CBrctiillm,  Jnriloii  &  Evcrmaiiii 2131 

240O.  Biiiiiiit,  Gllbvrt 2)31 

Sub^coiUH  Caropntct iia - ...,....■..«.,,..,,  31.11 

2JCI.  lollolti,  r,iHnrt 2131 

2462.  plinmnii.  (iillHTt 2iaa 

24^.  Hpcolriiui.  nojiii 2133 

!4«i.  roiiilmnti  (Krilyer) 2133 

2465.  rannlii  (Guiwle  lV  Bean) 2134 

2466.  oHtt'Dtum,  Cilburt 3134 

3467.  ^eIalinosiiii<l*iilIiu) 2134 

SubgcMiiia  Alloihir,  Jorilan  &  ETmnutin 2135 

2468.  iiiebiiiuraii, liillicrt 2U."i 

Siib^DUx  AUurun,  Jonlan  A  Kvermiuio 2136 

2469.  «ttein-».  GlllxTt 2l;i« 

Genua  TSN.  Gyrinivhtbyii,  Oillwrt 213T 

'2470.  niinytromii*,  (illburl 21!r7 

GcDU«7l<fi.  .\iiiitra,  UikmIu 21!» 

2471.  liparinu,  CiXHln 2138 

G<inuii71Ki.  rarnlipitrifl,  CuUett 2139 

SiibgeiiuKl'iinilipiiriii 2140 

2472.  bolunii<lii!>,  Gillx>rt 2140 

Suligeniin  Amitrii-hlbyx.  .lurilmn  Sl  RTomiuin 2141 

2<rJ.  replmlun.  Cillwrt 2141 

2474.  ruucou*,  Gilbert •J142 

•475.  Rientu,  Glllwrt 2142 

2476.  copMl,  IWtoiln  &  Boan 2143 

2477.  ilmtyliwiiH,  Gilbert 2144 

Bnbgenus  HilgL-ndiirfln,  Goode  Jc.  Bean 2144 

2475.  ularbir,  Gillirrt «.... 2144 

OeoanTOl.  Rbiiiolipnris,  itillwrt 214S 

347».  harballfer.  Gilbert 2145 

SOBOBDUI  CBAHIOMI 2146 

Fttiitily  OLXXXir.  Tn,iliati> 3147 

G«Duii702.  I'rionotun,  LRe^'itj'ilc 2148 

fiabgeuua  Guruurduii,  Jurditu  JL  Kvaniuina 2132 


XXVIII  CONTKNTS. 

CLASS  HI.  PICES— ConUniiwl. 

Okdek  lUl.  AcANTiiowEiii— (,"<>ntiuuetl. 

t'amilt/  GLXXXIV.  TngUduF—liuMin\u-A.  Page. 

2480.  liiroslratHH 2152 

2481.  iryiiinostetliiiH,  (iillH'rt 2I6:i 

2482.  xi-nixTua,  Jordan  •.V  Uolliiiuii 2154 

248:1.  loxiaM.  Jdnlaii 2155 

Subceiiiix  Moniliiius,  .Tordau  Si  Kverniaiiii 2156 

24H4.  caroliiiiiH  (IJmia;iifi) 215« 

2485.  srituliia.  Jordan 2157 

2486.  roDfUs,  J  ordnn  ..V.  Kvcrniann 2158 

2487.  alatiiH,  Goode  A;  Bium 2159 

SuliccniiH  I'riouotii)) 216U 

2488.  miles,  Jcnyiis 2160 

2489.  8to|iliano)>lirv8,  Lockingtiin 2161 

2490.  (iiiieacoiiM,  Jordan  ic  Ilollman 2101 

2491.  albirostri-s.  Jonlan  <&  Itollnian 2105 

2492.  ni1>ii>,  Jordan 2184 

24»:i.  opIirya«,  Jordan  *;  Swain 2164 

24»1.  Ktt-arnBi.  Jordan  &  Swuin 2166 

2495.  Hlrij;atn.t  (( -iivier  A;  ValoMrii-unt's) 2167 

249<i.  (■vulaUH(Unna-iis) 2168 

2497.  ]>iini-tBtli.><  (1{1<K-Ii) 2169 

24118.  Iwanii,  ( Jo<>il<< 2170 

24U9.  triliiilug  (f'uvior) 2171 

2500.  IiiirrciiH,  Kivliardson 2172 

Oonni<793.  lii-Uator,  Jordan  \'  Kvi-rniaun 217:1 

2501.  niilitaris(<i«m)i'  A  IWan) 217a 

2502.  t-sretta  (ti<K)do  \  Boan) 2174 

Genus  794.  ClicIidiiuii'lithvH,  Kan]i 2175 

2503.  iiictiiiinnm(Kan]» 2175 

Genua  79.1.  Trigla  (.Xrlmli)  Linna'ua 2170 

2504.  ouculuH,  Unna-na 2177 

FamUnCLXXXV.  I'erhUiliidir 2177 

(iouua79«.  IVristodion,  Lac<'i>i'di' 2178 

SSILV  niinialiim,  GooiU- 2178 

2J0<1.  IdnKiHpathuni,  Coodf  \'  lioan 2178 

2.')07.  gracilc,  (ioodu  A-  Bean 2179 

2.'iOS.  p]ntvr<!|>lialuni.  CiiimIi- ,v  Bean 2180 

GcnuB  797.  VulsiruluH,  .Ionian  \  Kvrnininn 2181 

250'".  iinlHTliia  (Piiey) 2181 

Family  CLXXXVl.  Ceiihalacantliitlir 2182 

Genua  798.  C«l>lmlaraut1inR,  Laoi'-pi'df 2183 

2510.  volitanK  (Liona'Ux) 2183 


LIST  OF  NEW  NAMES. 


The  following  in  a  list  of  tlio  generic,  Hiibgencric,  Hpecillc,  and  Biibspecitic 

names  which  appear  an  new  in  Part  II  of  the  present  work: 

Page. 

I'uraadasiH  bayanun,  Jonlun  &  Kvoriuaiiii 1S31 

(!iTt<'»  einbrj  X,  Joriinn  Jt  Stark* 1379 

Nvbria  zextnH,  Jurilau  &  Sturksi 1417 

tiSrimng  effulgena,  (j illH>rt 1421 

LoriiuuH  acvliviiH,  Junlaii  &  RriMti)! 1422 

(Montoacioo  xantliops,  ( i  illtert 1426 

Kector,  Jonlaii  &  Evermanii 1432 

/e»tla,  Gilbert 1430 

Zeatidiuiu,  Gilbert 143l> 

Stellirarena,  Ciilbert 1439 

Ktellift-r  illocebroaiiB,  OiUicrt 1442 

Stellifrr  zestocariia,  Gilbert 1445 

Sigmanu.  Gilbort 1446 

Opbioacion  aiiualas,  Gilbort 1449 

Psralonchnrna  gomlei,  Gilbert 14R0 

Azurino,  Junlan  &  McGrcjtor 1544 

Aznrina  hinmilo,  Jorilan  &  McGregor 1544 

Iridiu  kiravhii,  Jorilan  ic  Kveriiianii 1508 

Forc.ipiger,  Junlan  &  Mi-Grr^or 1671 

Forcipiger  tlavisitliniiH,  Junlan  .V  Mo( ! regiir 1 671 

AngulicbtbyH  iaabelita,  Jorilnii  &  Under 1685 

Oantberiui^M  oaruUr.  Jordan  it  McGri'gor 1713 

Eiumeloa,  Jordan  &  Everiuanu 1765 

Kqnea  viola,  Gilbert i486 

Srbastodes  alcutianus,  Jordan  &  Kvenuann 1795 

SebaHlodos  atronibcna,  Gillivrl 1796 

Sebaat<Hles  mitzuknrii.  Cramer 1831 

Alcidea,  Jordan  •&  Evermunn 1886 

Archistea,  Jordan  .t  Gilbert 1900 

An;bistc8  pluniariuH,  Jordan  &  (iilliert 1900 

ArtediellusatlanliciiH,  Jordan  &.  Kvcrmann 1906 

Radnlinua  bohioidea,  Gilbert 1919 

Stplgistram,  Jordan  A:  GillM-rt 1921 

Stelgiatrnin  atejnegeri,  Jordan  •&  Kvermann 1921 

Stemiaa,  Jordan  &  Kvermann 1928 

CeraUH'Ottnn  Iwasi,  Jordan  &  Gilbi^rt 1940 

rranidca  greenei.  GillMsrt  4:  Culver 1965 

Myoxocepfaalua  nu-dniua.  IS.  A.  Bean 1983 

I'orocottus  qnadratns,  ]i.  A.  Dean 1998 

Oxycottiia,  Jordan  &  Kvermann 2015 

Nantiaciu,  Jordan  Jk.  Evermaun 2019 

(XXIX) 


sometimen  molnr,  Bomettmes  very  anmll,  snmetiiDes  wanting;  lower  pbar* 
yngeala  separiite;  (7111^4^  a  slit  Uobiud  tlie  fourth;  ps^udobrancbi:!*  liirge; 
gill  nikera  moderate  or  luug,  slemler;  gill  iiionibruiies  ftcpanito,  f^fH^  from 
the  i»tliiuu8.  Preoperole  (terrutn  ur  entire ;  opcrc-lcH  witUaut  spines;  siUm 
of  hcnd  UHiiitUy  acalj.  Dorsal  I'm  Hiug:k<,  cuiiliuiioiis,  or  deeply  nutcbcd, 
sometiniea  divided  iuto  twi>  tins,  tliu  ajiiuiis  usnally  strong,  dtipruei»iblu  iu 
u  fjroove,  iLe  spiuus  bi-tcrucuutliuiiH,  that  i«,  alternating,  the  our  Btioiij;iT 
on  tho  ri^ht  side,  thu  other  on  tlio  left,  (lii^  »piui-8  10  to  12  iu  uiiinljur. 
Anal  flu  eiiiiilar  toHuft  ddrstil  and  with  thrv«H}diie8;  voutrul  liim  tlionicic, 
tlu<  riiys  I,  5,  willi  a  more  or  if<B9  distinct  si'aUdiko  nppeudajLCO  at  base; 
caudul  fm  nMiially  more  or  less  <'urnav«.'  behind.  Air-bladder  ]ircuent, 
usually  siniidti.  Intestinal  cunul  uliort.  Pyloric  circa  few.  Vcrtvbrji! 
UHually  Kl-i  14  =  IJ1.  No  distinct  tiiUurtJet*  tram  the  crauiiini  for  thu 
urticulatiuii  of  tbeopipbaryngwil  hones;  cnlnrgod  apophyai-sfor  the  articu- 
lation of  pahitino  aud  [►reorbitjil  hones;  anterior  -l  vertebrii'  witliuut 
panipopliy»e8.  The  family  coiupriaes  about  20  genera  and  Humi'  I'.jO  spo- 
ei»*B,  cliieily  iiiliahitiniLt  the  shores  of  warm  regions.  All  of  them  lire 
valut'd  as  food,  ami  all  aro  active,  oarnivoroiiB,  and  voracious.  The 
group  is  floscly  related  to  th<>  iSerraHitla'  on  the  ont>  hand,  and  to  the 
ll(imiilidii<  on  tliu  r>ther.  (I'ercuUf,  part,  genera  AfinuprioH,  fUillt,  etc., 
Uiiiitlier,  fill.,  1;  lioplojiaijriiKV,  Liitianhia',  1  leiiticina,  aad  Xenichthi/intf, 
Jordan  iV  Fesler,  i.  c,  431-459.) 

lloPL/jrAOBIN.*:: 
o.  Voiiior  witli  U-oth. 

b.  XoclriU  n-ruut«  from  each  otbei",  the  aolerlor  luliular,  neiu  tlix  kikI  of  thr  xuout . 
ronn'rine  iMstli  I'OAniv,  molar  i  teeth  in  JKW«  lirge,  thu  Inluru]  teetli  inular, 
(dkiiU  iw  in  Lutianintr). 
c.  Vomer  with  alKiat  3  cowba  nioUr  teclli;  iJomai  ipinr.s  Hi;  Hrnlci  Iftrge; 
l^iUrukrrB  low  ;  nu  t«etli  on  |iii1atliieH  i^r  on  liHigni?;  lowiT  pbori'ij^^Vftls 
narripw,  with  smiill,  cunicttl  ttulli.  Uoru'i'Ainirs.  6aj. 

ib.  NostriU  utar  togi'ther,  phieeiiJnHt  bbforo  eye,  tlio  iialtrior  nut  tuliiilar;  voinur- 
inc  tcolli  vUlifuriu,  tlio  patch  ,'.,  ^,  or  0-*lii^I>di  teeth  iti  javri  all  iiculej 
no  in<:iaur»  or  inolurH, 
ct.  raliitluru  with  tcvtb ;  teeth  ia  jswa  otrong,  more  or  lesii  tui«|iiBl. 

LUTIANlN.r.: 

e.  luterorbitAl  arva  not  Oiit  our  aeiiarati-il  Irtitu  llu-  iHuljillal  ri'uiuu,  (lie 

nivilhiU  iiiid  hit-era]  ortriil^  iimcurreulon  it,  uud  lloiv  fruuhtl  imr 

rowed  Turu  lu-il ,  rluraul  llu  coutiutiuus,  tliu  rt;>tU1^t!  not  oujmruli'il  l)y 

a  Duti'h  from  the  soft  ra.v». 

/.  Prefrontula  with    the  arli^nlnr  fiu-elfi  nrinliiK  from   ihviTgiuj; 

V-shaped  rhigeu;    ba»injthenoi(l  with  tin  nnterior  lobifnrin 

extcDHion,'  noil  dorsal,  luitl  nnui  nciil.v;  ilonwl  ii)>iDfln  to  iir  11 

(ill  Aiuericiin  apeoieai;  tongue  with  t^nith  (at  luiutln  adult 

oxJinipleii). 

j7.  FruutO'Occipltal  orest  oeaalnc  anteriorily  far  from  front  of 

Irunnil:  |>rcfroataI  with  )>o«l«rior  iirean  iiui>rMaed,  long, 

nnd  erjiii'il'nnii;  no  ptnrvKdid  leetli^  caudal  flnlaiiate; 

giil  rakers  rather  (ow.  Miortish. 

h.  Tu|iaf  iieiiJ  waled;  |mn«tiil  ereat  caDlltient  anteriorlv 

witli  the  frontO'Oecipitnl  croat;  preoixToU-  with  a 

deep  iiiit^^h,  into  which  aprojoctioii  from  tbeiuturo- 

(icrvlo  Uts,  tliia  ohuracler  moat  marked  in  tlir  a<lnlt. 

EvoruTU,  S24. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     1243 


kk.  Top  of  head  uakul :  an  ublj(|u«  band  of  kcoIc!)  od  (tiwb 
■iji<  uf  impo:  puriotAl  creiitnot  vonlluunt  with  the 

rto-oc'ripiuil  crost,   (•ilher   faaiuK  nwfty    ttiil«v 
ly  or  ninniii);  into  the  ix'nlar  rim  i  pmipercle 
with  a  shallow  notch  or  oiuarginutiun  only. 

Vl/.  FrouUi-orcipital  crcat  iMiiitiiiiieil  I'lirwan)  alou;:  tup  of  head 
to  iiriirly  iip|HMitu  noMtrilti:  pn^froutalM  witli  tho  p<itt- 
t^riornna  Hhiirt,  exiavaltMl  abrivn  uutl  il  I'ruiil. 
i.  tiilt  rakL-ra  Htiurt  anil  fpw,  ahoat  12  -,  aiuil  llii  louK  anil 
low,  Ito  rnyH  111,  10 or  11.  Kauiiiiuiia,  M6. 

ti.  Gill  rakern  lung  and  ntiriiuroiiR,  aliont  25  ;  anal  ratlivr 
high,  lilt  rays  III.  9;  pterygoid  teith  present  (in 
tliit  udulDiu  anKrrow  bandi  caudal  fln  very  ilveply 
forkud.  flcvrnvti,  .VJ". 

//.  I'rtil'ruutuln  wiLh  tho  articular   I'ucctn  di'vulnpol   from  «liu|du 
luborrli-M  and  not  Vihaptnli    iiaxinphcuuitl  uut  lol>i|;oroii8 1 
oBniD>.'i»  nmall;  hoFI  rnyH  »f  dorvnl  10  or  11. 
>.  I*rofronlala  with  tho  fMulerior  araiw  uribril'urui ;   pt«ry|;i)lil« 
with  11  broad  patcli  of  tueth  (in  udiilt) ;  liyiild  biiniui  uiul 
tan^no  witli  tiHilh;  <'juiiui'ii  very  xiiiull  orohmdcle^  dorsal 
apiuca  12  (or  13):  soft  durtul  ami  anal  suincwhat  acalod; 
tup  of  head   scaled  t4i  befor«  mlddix  ofoyc;  ({illrukcra 
oiimvrims.  Kiiombohijtks,  &28. 

I).  I'rnfrontiils  with  Iho  }H)i>(«rior  aroaa  Kolld  and  aorovwbal 
tumid ;  ptvrygoidit,  byuid  Ijune,  and  toni^v  tootblesa;  dor- 
sal apioua  10;  soft  dorsal  and  Alwl  iKMilelua. 

AiiiiLin,  520. 
KTKLUt.V. : 
tt.  lutorurbitiU  ari'ii  tiat,  scparstitl  by  a  trauHvoriw  lino  of  dunxircntion 
Irani  thp  ■■('Vipilal,  by  which  the  iiivdliiu  us  well  as  thi;  laturai 
crvnits  are  limited ;  frontals  wiilu  in  front;  touguo  und  pturygoida 
tutitblussi  soft  rays  of  dorsal  lUorll. 
A;.  Dvraal  llu  cvaliniiou.H;  fnintali  not  ruvemnaft;  anpraorbital 
margin  cn}Mat4):  ]>«riolU*  region  much  swollon  nntwunl  and 
with   tb«   bones  (bin   and   p»li.ihe<l ;    prnirhiljil   niixlorute; 
frontals  Iwhlnd  with  funuul-ibupt'il  IViraiuiniii;  soft  dorsal 
luiit  anal  ai'ult.'lt.'Hs ;  but  raya  of  dorsal  and  au*I  iirtMliicwI. 

Ai'BiuN,  530. 

kk.  llorsal  niiarly  or  <|Uit<!  dlridod  into  two  Qns  by  a  dueji  uolclii 

eyo»  vory  large;  pruurbilal  vpiy  niirroM-. 

(.  froutala  not  raA'Knioas,  simply  noniially  porfornio,'  aupni 

orbital  Muu*gias  cn-nat4';  ]K^rlotic  rt*giou  litllo  couvvn 

and    with   Iht.'   liouoM  thick,    uu|Hiliabcd:    prafronlals 

beliiud  wilb  funurl-ahnpod  forauiiua;  IwHly  poiiipura' 

lively  clongnti';  hi*iiil  nukeil  above  and  on  snout;  aoft^ 

dorsal  mill  anal  Ditkvd ,  pvritoncuni  ntnl  lining  of  gill 

canity  palv ;  caudal  deeply  forked :  color  cri wkoii. 

EteUs,  531. 
II.  Frontala  caTumouH  (like  those  of  Seianoidn) .  with  lougi- 
tudlnal,  osiiuKMia  bars,  leaving  irilcrspacvs  iu  front  of 
Iransvnrno  ridi;)'  and  on  cuih  aido  near  tiiu  front; 
Rnpmorliihiliimrgiunaniouth;  prefrontals  behind  with 
sliiiplu  foramina  for  ollavtttry  nerves;  bisly  coiajiara' 
tlTuly  abort  and  deep;  hrnd  sciily  alHtve  and  on  Jaws 
and  Buiiiit:  soft  dorsal  and  anni  acjily  at  basis  puri- 
toucuni  and  lining  of  gill  cavity  hlni  k  :  cauilnl  lunate. 
Upepwuter  Bpocios.  blackishpiirplc  In  rolnr. 

VtJttLUit,  93'J, 


lliU  Bulletin  ^j.  United  States  National  Museum, 


XBMK'IITIIVIS*: 

((d.  Palatini  witbwiit  (4M>th:  vnin<<r  with  miniito  te«th  iii»0-*lupe<!  pstvb; 
t4*Hth    in  j»w«  M'ry  Hninll.  imiujU.      IVnly  nmi prcnM'd,  rovertnl  wiUi 
DDialt,  thin,  ricnuiil,  iillv<*r)*  HoaIt»^;  ti)|)  oE'  IicfhI,  clinukK, tip(^rrL<--n,  part 
of  |irL<i>rliilul  mill    rriiwn  «<!ul.v;    niuiilU  aiiwll.  ubllqiie,  villi   i<U):ill 
rM'iirri<il  Ici-tli  in  JaM*;  pn-orliilal  iiitrru\r,  u  rhuniboiil  |>atch  nf  hiuhII 
t*rll>  oil  voiiier;  few  ti'elii  or  iiou«>  imi  tlic  tongup;  (rill  nikrri>  Imiii; 
itn<l   Hli'niliT;   ilorsal  tln«  nivirty  Hcpnralc,  tlie  uiilvrior  of  Mvndor 
0|tii,i*H,  llio  tioft  riivH  flriLly.     liitt^Htinnl  i*aiial  Mliort  o'n*  {•yluric  ctrra 
out   vxaniiuiHiK     Skull    witb  tlio  rrents  I'OimplcHiMia,  tlie  triu|foral 
ruuniu^  furn  ard  lo  jciii  lli#^  (iiiifrflort'i|iitnl. 
m.  Uvraal  my  X  or  Xl-I.   Vl  tu  It,   ilii>  ii)iiiioi)i<  |>art  of  thv  tin  at 
louot  liniriiiiipT  tliiiii  HiiTl  jiiiit,  iiiml  rnvii  1 11,  In  <ir  11. 
n.  DurHul  Huh  «*iifir«ly  lacpuraloil,  inl4irval  lietWLt^u  fbvm  \  itiani- 
etiT  uf  «yv;  HplniiiiB  ilnnuil  liair  lunger  than  Hofl :  iin«tr!lii 
ani.ill,  cliiso  tot^'tlier.  XKKorvs,  5311. 

nti.   Uiirsal    llua    ruimo-'tiMl    at    base,    tlip    spliioiia    part    alniiil 
ilimlilc  !«t]|;th  nf  Hufl  part.  Xemstii'h.  534. 

mm.  Dursiil  ray.i  XI- 1,  14  or  ID.  ttir  auft  part  louger  tiiau  lUo  KplnaiiA 
put;  iiaal  ruya  about  ni.  IS.  X»(lciiTUir8,  SIS. 

PltSJTICIN.r.  • 
a4.  Vuoier  nnd  palalincH  tiMithloH!i:  oni*  nr  Uiitli  jaws  wtlii  ntruag  catiinea;  nuniulars; 
priHipprck  ejiliri;;  dumul  i-<»iitiiiiiniit. 
0.  Dorsiil  «|ifiii.>Ji  10;  wnli-M  luri^',  .M)  in  lalvral  llnp,  tliunn  nu  cliveka  in  3  ruw*: 
muutb  moderati'.  tliejnn'D  mibeiitiiil:  Una  iiHimlly  with  ttlanioiita. 

NBMIPTSBUS,  538. 

5S3,  HOPLOPAGRUS,  Gill. 
noplojHiffnu,  Gll.r,  Proc.  Ai'.  JJal.  Scl.  Phila.  1868,  259  (jtoittrW). 

Aiitt^rior  iioHtril  rflinitte  frum  th*>  nthcr,  close  tii  the  preniaxillary,  in  the 
uml  of  tho  b;irl)el  i»r  tube;  viiriuT  witli  almiit  I!  ioiir>e  iiiuhir  teotli;  teetb 
of  jaW8  coEirMe  uml  l>hini,  the  liitcrul  tectli  molar;  soulijs  Istr^e;  giD-i-uicvm 
fow;  ilor.Hitl  sj>ini'«  conlinnons  with  tho  soft  ray«  whifli  iiri«  »caly  at  the 
hnso;  hnvi>r  phitr,vii;;«iilN  narrow,  with  Hiuiill  cuiiintl  toeth  ;  skull  uud 
grucnil  aiiati>iiiy  fs.SRiitJ!)lly  us  in  Liitianuii  iiiiil  Niumiiniii. 

Only  one  species  of  thm  reiiiaikiihlu  ^^ciiL^rii;  type  ia  known.  With  a 
cliisu  rcsuiiilibiiico  in  nearly  nil  rcs[ii'Ot!*  tt>  Xinnuinu  npodiin  ami  otbur  typi- 
cal npi'i  ii'H,  it  ilillVrH  strikinjily  Irtim  all  utlier  lihhcw  of  tliis  typL-  in  the 
stniitiirn  i)t'  the  nostrils  ami  m  tlio  (loutitluii.  (oTcAof,  miuht;  ndypoi, 
porgy.) 

16S8.  HOI'LOPAdlit'K  (II'XTKERI,  Uill. 
(Pahqo.) 

H«ad  2|;  depth  2\  to  2^;  oye  4^  (in  yonuR) ;  .^nirnt  2J.  D.  X,  M;  A. 
Ill,  ft.  (scales  H-47-l<>.  Pectoral  li  in  head,  reuchin;;  to  first  aiiii!  8|iiiiu; 
Kiial  li;  lon^nst  soft  dorsal  rny  eijiiaU  longest  niuxl  ray.  lk«iy  oblonn- 
ovat«,  short.  d('e)>,  and  lonipressod,  tlic  Imck  anli'jd,  tho  boily  abruptly 
t'outrai'ted  to  \\\\i  Ikisc.  of  the  short  ctiidal  peiluiu'lo;  itulerinr  profile 
slightly  and  evenly  eonics.  .Snout rather  hm;;  and  pnintt'd;  nioutb  suiaU. 
the  raiixilhiry  srarcely  reachiii^;  to  front  oforliit,  its  Imigth  2}  to 3  in  head; 
teeth  in  .jaws  arranged  iis  in  I.utianuii,  but  course  and  blunt,  the  Istoral 
t<!eth  of  both  jitwn  rounded  and  Tnoltiriikc,  more  Hbiiit  in  large  examples; 
upper  jaw  with  about  2  coarse,  rather  lou;;  ciiriiuEs;  vomer  with  about  3 
to  5  course  molar  teeth;  pnlalines  and  ton^'uo  toothle.sH;  lower  jair  rather 


weak,  inoludod;  aiit4'rior  nostril  at  tho  extreme  front  of  this  xnoiit.  close 
to  the  )>reiuaxillar.v,  in  the  trxtreniity  of  a  barbel-like  lube  wbicli  hangs 
down  iibovo  tlin  moiittk  nnd  \»  nearly  aM  Inn^  n»  the  eye;  pontcrior  nositril 
a  rather  lon^  ami  unrrovv  ubliqiie  slit,  ueiir  tlu^  front  of  the  eye;  eyeHinulI, 
tiear  the  niidille  uC  the  U'lifitU  til'  tbt;  head;  inU-rorl>ir.'Ll  Hpacti  r»tber  btn.til 
and  ciiuvex,  its  wiilth  4{  in  head;  |»r«nrbit!i!  briiixl,  its  leaat  width  3^  to 
H  iu  bend;  vertical  limb  of  iireopnck'  >i1ilii|iiu,  sliarply  Horriitc,  the  teeth 
rather  line  above,  foarso  al  th«  unfile;  einar;;itijitinu  of  preoperide  sharp 
>ud  deep,  more  conapiouoiiH  than  in  most  spi^cies  nf  LuliauuH,  the  knob  of 
interopercio  coiiHpicuoiiii.  CSill  rakers  few  and  abort,  about  7  deTolopcd  on 
lower  part  of  anterior  arch,  besides  several  riidiinuntK;  upcnlo  without 
spinons  projei-tions;  scapular  scale  serrate.  Temporal  crext  of  skull  very 
short,  coalescing  with  the  orbital  rim.  Scales  rather  sitiull,  regularly 
arranged,  those  above  lateral  lino  in  series  which  :iw  tliraii(;boiit  parallel 
with  the  lateral  line,  tho.se  bulow  in  horizontal  sprtus;  tunipcirul  region 
with  a  band  of  one  or  two  series  of  liirgo  srales;  cbcekH  with  ahotsi  7  rows 
of  scales;  top  of  heud  nuked,  l^nri^al  spines  rather  low  and  strung^,  the 
fin  Bumewbat  deeply  iMiiarginatc;  .tuft  dorsal  and  anal  high,  angular, 
and  pointed  in  outline,  the  niidille  rays  cliMateil,  the  Inst  ray  not  |  the 
hcijrht  of  the  uiid<llo  ones,  which  are  2  in  heail ;  pectoral  long  nnd  fal- 
cate; caudal  short,  feebly  lauati»,  the  npinT  luln'  IJ  in  head;  anal  high 
and  pointed,  the  middle  ray.-*  reaching  li:i,'«i>  of  ciuiiliil.  a  little  more  th.-in 
half  length  of  head;  anal  H]iincs  strong,  the  secutiil  longer  .'inil  Ntronger 
than  third,  2]  in  heu<l ;  pectoral  long,  3  in  body  ;  ventral  li.  Color  green 
isU  iibove,  belly  ••oppcrj'  pink  ;  head  <divo,  aiiles  with  K  cro«j<-lmnd8  of 
wkrni  brown.  Tinci|n:illy  pluced;  fins  dusky  olive,  shiuled  with  |itnki.><h 
and  brown;  a  ronnd  iliisky  blotch  near  Imso  of  Inst  rays  of  soli  dorsal; 
the  per!4>riil8  pale,  a  diirk  crescent  at  base;  ventrals  blaok-tippod;  lop  of 
heail  with  some  stnni!  tljirk  sjiots.  Adult  nearly  plain  olivaceonN,  coppery 
below,  i'acitio  coiiAt  of  trii|)iral  America,  from  Ciiayinas  to  I'anama. 
This  remarkable  species  i.s  a  common  t'nod-lish  at  Mai^atlan,  where  it  is 
known  as  the  ••  pargn."  The  specimens  cxatntneil  by  ti.s  are  from  .Ma/.aMan 
and  Guaymas.  (Named  for  Dr.  .Albert  (iiiuther  "in  token  of  apprecia- 
tion." J 

ffoplopagrut  gunthrri,  GtU.,  Proc.  Ac.  Xat  .Sel.  PhiU.  18A2,  ir>3.  Cape  San  I>ucas  (Coll. 
XantuM);  .STBl.tnAriisint.  Ichlli.  IlcitrKire,  vi.  1,  1«TH:  Jordan  *  Swain,  Pinm'.  it,  s. 
Mat.  Mint.  18*4,  42»;  ,ToRnA.M  4:  Fksi.hu,  I.  «..  tVi,  Kvichma.vx  4:  Jenkins.  Pro*  IT.  S, 
Kat.  Una.  IBUl,  115:  JoBOAH.  FiaLc»  Siimlon,  in  Proc.  Cul.  Ac.  Si.,  .Svr.  2.  v.  1805,  4M. 

524.    EVOPLITES,  GiU. 


EnrpliUt,  <ilLL,  Proo.  Ac.  Kat.  Sd.  Phils.  IW2,  236  ({.louKKanrAiM^joang  of  kanmira). 

This  genus  is  very  elose  in  I.hImvhx  and  C,m<)orn<if,  two  sections  and  gen- 
era not  represented  in  Amcrii'nn  waters.  It  ngri'es  with  LntianHn  in  having 
the  whole  toji  of  the  hcud  from  the  eyes  backward  covered  with  tucalee. 
This  region  is  naked  in  (Jc»i/or<»/c,  which,  like  KroitliUa,  has  the  preopcrclo 
marked  by  a  deep  g;ish  or  incision  in  which  ik  knob  from  the  inleroperi'le 
nnds  place.  The  latter  character  is  Hnb.j*"ct  to  conHiilerablc  vaviiition  in 
Gcvyorogt  und  may  not  be  of  geucrb-  value.     In  EvupliUa  the  parietal  creat 


1246         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


is  confluent  anteriarly  with  the  snpraoccipital  crest,  a  character  not  seen 
in  any  species  of  Kromocnxn.  Lutiauut  and  (lenyorogehikvo  not  been  exam- 
ined in  this  resfiect.  Species  brit;iitly  colored,  chiefly  of  the  western 
Pacific;  one  within  oar  limits,    (fv,  well;  oxXtrrf?,  axmeA.) 

1829.  KTOPLITKK  TIBIDI8  (Valencloimes). 

Head  2|;  depth  3;  eye  lar^^e,  4  in  head.  I).  X,  14;  A.  Ill,  8.  Scales 
9-54-17.  Do<ly  rather  elongate,  profile  to  nape  nearly  straight;  snout 
pointed,  3^  in  head;  snpraoccipital  crest  low;  preorbital  moderate,  6}  in 
head;  month  moderate,  the  jaws  snbequal,  the  maxillary  reaching  front  of 
pnpil,  3}  in  head ;  each  jaw  with  a  narrow  band  of  villiform  teeth,  ontside 
of  which  aro  moderate  canines ;  tongue  toothless;  vomer  with  a  A-shaped 
band  of  teutli  and  with  no  backward  prolongation  on  median  line.  Oill- 
rakern  short  and  slender,  10  developed;  nostrils  Hniall,  well  separated,  the 
posterior  oblong,  l^eoperclo  with  a  sharp,  deep  notch,  intrO  which  fits  a 
knob  from  the  interopercle ;  temporal  crest  not  confluent  with  orbital  rim, 
but  nearly  or  <)nit«  confluent  with  snpraoccipital  crest  in  front ;  lower  limb 
of  preopercle  coarsely  serrate ;  preopercle  strongly  serrate  above  the  notch. 
Scales  rather  small,  the  rows  above  lateral  line  very  oblique,  nowhere 
parallel  with  the  lateral  line,  7  or  8  rows  on  cheeks,  anterior  largest,  one 
row  on  intero]iercle ;  top  of  head  scaled  as  far  forward  as  front  of  pnpil; 
10  rows  of  scales  between  eye  and  snprascapnla ;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  scaly. 
Dorsal  spines  low  and  strong,  the  fourth  spine  longest,  3  in  head;  soft 
dorsal  rounded,  the  longest  ray  4^  in  head ;  anal  moderate,  its  free  ed^e 
straight,  the  second  spine  longest,  'Jli  in  head;  pectorals  long,  1}  in  head. 
Color  golden-brown  with  .5  sky-blno  longitudinal  stri)ie8,  each  broadly  and 
sharply  margined  with  dark  blue;  the  whole  band  as  broad  anteriorly  as 
tlie  intcrH])accs,  growing  narrower  behind  the  dark-liluo  border,  nearly  as 
wide  on  each  side  ns  the  median  pale-blue  band;  a  faint  median  bine 
streak  from  occiput  to  Iront  of  dorsal,  then  a  band  of  3  blue  streaks, 
as  above  stated,  from  occi]>ut  aliovn  eye  to  ninth  dorsal  spine;  second  from 
upper  edge  of  eye  to  middle  of  soft  dorsal;  third  from  middle  of  eye  to  last 
ray  of  dorsal;  fourth  from  upper  jaw  along  lower  edge  of  eye  to  middle  of 
base  of  caudal  peduncle,  where  it  ends  abruptly;  fifth  from  end  of  maxil- 
lary to  above  last  ray  of  anal;  fms  all  ])nle,  the  dorsal  partly  edged  with 
black;  no  black  lateral  spot.  Rocky  islands  of  the  eastern  Pacific ;  known 
from  the  (ialapagos  (Valenciennes),  Tres  Marias  (Forrer),  and  the  Revilla- 
gigedos  Islands  (Gilbert);  here  described  from  a  specimen*  taken  by 
Alfonso  Forrer  at  the  Tres  Marias,  (vindin,  green,  a  very  inappro])riato 
name,  as  the  species  is  olive  with  blue  stripes.) 

IHafope  riri(fi»,   VALEVruiNXES,  VoyaKC  <Ii'  la  V<'nua,  SOS,  pi.  1,  iig.  2  (very  bad),  1845, 

Galapagos  Islands. 
flfiiiiorofff  riiuUt.  (lO.VTHKR.  Cat.,  I.  IKO.  1859. 
LutjanusririiUii,  Jordan,  I'n>o.  U.  .S.  Nat.  Mns.  liWH,  S30:  .Tobdan  A-  Flsi.BR.  I.  c,  439. 


*  F.rnpliirt  Ituiiiiira  (froni  Swatnw.  China)  (Hirers  from  Kroi>lUfi  riridit  In  tho  followlne 
m»p<!<:tJt:  IVmI.v  dci'iHT  (ilopth  2;):  Hcalcs  Hiiiallt-r  (8)  rj-62-2'.':  tlio  l>nc:k  iiion' cl«v«t<Ml  and 
till!  {irotili-  «t«''ep<^r;  Biiont  S  iu  hciil;  i>ri-<ir'iit«l  fi:  maxillary  2^;  MWiiiid  iiiial  HpincSl; 
lower  lateral  liiiiid  waiitiiii;:  a  vafriii!  dark  lateral  blotch  vrpwiit.  larjjiT  than  «'ye;  bnnag 
li;»n  Hharply  deliniKl  than  in  K.  riridin,  the  palohliiu  mi^lian  stn'^ik  in  each  band  twice  aa 
wide  ax  the  dark  border,  llio  whole  band  narrower,  its  width  one-third  to  ouo-foorth  that 
of  the  Kolden.brown  interspaces  i  no  median  dorsal  streak. 


59S'  NEOMiCNIS,  Girard. 

(SNAPI'ERH.) 

I 

Xevmmnil,  GnUBP,  V.  S.  Ifoz.  Bound,  Sur>-(>y,  ;tool.,  Fisbca,  18,  IBSB  (<7nari;ina(iu=r 

Itnittro.  JOKOAX  &  FBBl,aii,  Kept.  TT.  S.  FiB)i  Comm.  1889  M8«3|,  438  (dt-atiit). 

Body  oblong,  coiuprosaed,  tLc  back  sotiiewhat  i;1uvate<l;  head  Ioiik, 
uaked  above,  exi-ept  for  a  broi»<{  o1ilii|iii-  baml  of  h<'!iIi'8  iit  the  iiajic;  nos- 
trilft  normally  I'losw  tofjetlmr,  noithor  with  a  tiilic;  iiimiih  large,  the  jiiw« 
with  liatnU  of  vjlliforrn  teeth,  besjiles  which  j«  imiiiilly  iiii  niit-er  sfricu  of 
birj^'T  t^'eth  in  eacb  jaw,  and  2  to  I  Btronj;er  teeth  or  riiuitios  in  front  of 
npiier  jaw;  vomer  with  vitliftiriii  teeth  ;  viliiforin  ti'i-tb  tin  the  }wiI:itineH; 
MHiiully  one  or  more  patclics  of  teeth  on  thp  tongiie  in  tlii'  mliilt;  no  molar 
t^eth  ;  no  teetli  on  jiteryKoidH;  preopercle  witlioiit  notch  or  with  :i  flbullow 
emargination ;  poBtorior  limb  of  preopercle  fninty  Horrnie;  gill  riikora 
rather  few,  Hhorti-^k;  soft  ray»  «f  dorsal  and  aniil  m-aly  nt  Imxe;  dorsal 
spiucfi  10  (rarely  11),  eoutinnotia  vith  the  soft  rays;  caudal  lunate  or 
forked ;  anal  r.ays  7  to  !J.  Intcrorlittal  aiea  not  tiat  nor  separated  from  the 
ort'lpital  region,  the  mediau  and  lateral  crests  proeiiiTeut  on  it,  and  the 
frontal  naiTowi'd  forward;  fronto-ociipital  crest  reading  anteriorly  far 
from  front  of  frontal,  UMnally  behind  eye;  prefroutal  with  postiTior  areaw 
impreaoed,  long  and  cribriform;  parietal  ercMt  not  cnnllueut  with  orbital 
rim,  but  ni'arly  or  quite  joined  anteriorly  to  iVoiilo-oefipitjil  <Tf*t  (in 
upecien  oxniuined);  prefrontals  with  the  artinilar  facel<t  arising  from 
diverging  V-shaped  ridges;  b.-jsisplieuoid  witli  ;ju  anterior  bibifunii 
extension.  Vertebru'  !(•  -f- 14  ^=21.  We  venture  to  sejiarate  tlin  Auiericiiii 
I'argos  or  Snappers  from  the  Old  World  genuH  Lulianim  im  the  followinj; 
charactprs,  distinctive  ho  far  as  kiiowu:  rnrielal  crent  nHiially  conilnent 
anteriorly  with  the  orbital  rim,  never  joined  anteriorly  to  the  frouto- 
occipital  crest;  top  of  head  naked;  a  more  or  less  isolated  band  of  si-ules 
extending  oblii|nely  on  carli  side  of  n.ipe;  iioteh  on  preiipenlu  fur  tin- 
reeepliou  of  knob  of  intcroperclo  shallow  and  broad,  sometlniea  obsolete, 
otberwi«e    eosentiiilly  as    iu   Lutiaaua,'     Species  very  numerous,  cliicriy 


*  Tl><»  tni*  r^IsUons  of  jV^nmtrnij,  ijulianun,  drni/nrppr,  Krnjilit't.  and  PrnnmliJija  nre 
V«t  to  •«'  Jeleriiitiicil.  It  •n-oiiis  Ui  ii«  tliat  niin«  of  onr«p<'<le.i  in  codkcditJc  willi  Aottanu* 
b'(t<i7i»a,  «hr  lyjM-  i)f  Lvtian»$,  while  KrtipUtrt  AMXor*  miilc-riiiD.v  fmm  llio  typf  ofimiin- 
ritijr.  A  full  ■tiiilv  of  tliu  KJcoletous  iiiii«t,  liowi-vur,  l>t<  inaile  tiefure  llieiu<  jcroiTtt  can  bo 
plu'eil  oa  ■  sound Tia«U.     The  following  is  the  HyiioDjiay  of  tho  Aiiiatio  grouiHi : 

LUTIANU8,  BlfMh. 

Lulusnut.  BLATH.  TrhtliynlngiA,  IV,  107,  170(1  (<u(ianu>) ;  tlic  name  flnit  it|>i<llMl  Liilianu$, 
bill  Inter  ■liungLvl,  Oil  tbr  |>late«  and  rUewborti,  tn  J^iitjamu.  It  U  from  Jkan  liitjanff, 
llir  Muluyan  iiiiiml'  of  Lutiaiim  hiliiiniit. 

ilrtnj.rini,    l'v\lf.H\   VALOCII'lNNr'*,  II  IHt .  Nat.  I'oigs.,  11,  441, 1828  (lu/«ati««,  »t<!.). 

t  lli/iwjitila.  GllX,  Proc.  Ac.  Nut.  .■<ci.  I'liil.i.  1862, 2311  (rflnvjiinit), 

CENYOROCE,  Cnntor. 

niatnjt*,  CVMir.n.  *  VAt.KXriKXNKS,  Hiat.Kat.  Tulitii..  n,  4in,  1A3S  (cftar):  ii«nn>  iirMicrnipliTl 

in  I^fjtiiuptt  ra. 
(tmf)urogr.  CANTOR,  Malayan  Fi»beH,  12,  IHM  (tebir) ;  *iilx«litiilo  for  fHnenjif. 

PROAMBLYS,  fJlll. 

Pruamhlyi,  (JIU,  Proc.  Ac.  Kit.  Si'i-  I'hila.  1M2,  236(11  ipro  —  mncotor). 
UomUt,  aiMUtSM,  Polw.  Ambolno,  Mederl.  Tidikr.  Slarkn  377, 1887  (mnmlor). 


1248         Bulletin  4.7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


American  and  African;  active,  predatory  fishes  highly  valneA  as  food. 
{veoi,  new;  MtenU,  a  genus  remotely  related  and  not  resembling  the 
preHcut  one. ) 

VtOUXXM : 
I.  Dorsal  tpinsR  10  ia  American  species ;  rows  of  scales  alMve  lateral  line  S  to  10  in 
Dnmker. 
A.  Vomerine  patch  of  teeth  diamond-shaped ;  scale*  large,  those  almye  the  lateral 
line  fully  parallel  with  it;  dornal  rays  X,  U;  canines  small;  gill  rakers 
about  7.    Color  dark  purplish-olive,  scales  with  silvery  spots. 

JOKDAMI,  1630. 

AA.  Vomerine  patch  of  teeth  /t^-ehaped,  or  A-shaped.  not  diamond-shaped. 
a.  Soft  dorsal  normally  with  U  rays,  rarely  with  13. 

6.  Anal  fin  rounded,  its  middle  rays  less  than  half  lengtli  of  head;  no 
black  lateral  spot, 
c.  Developed  gill  rakers  7  to  0,  usually  with  few  ndintents,  if 
any;  preorbitui  deep;  candal  lunate.    Shallow- water  spe- 
cies, olivaceous  in  color,  more  or  less  marked  by  cross-banda 
when  young,  often  with  a  blue  streak  along  the  preorbital. 
d.  Vomerine  teeth  forming  a  A-  orA-shaped  patch,  the  back- 
ward prolongation  on  median  line  very  short  or  want- 
ing; scales  above  lateral  lino  in  oblique  series,  which 
are  not  throughout  parallel  with  it;  body  compara- 
tively elongate,  the  depth  3  to  3|  in  length :  upper  and 
lower  canines  very  strong,  lower  considerably  stronger 
than  ill  other  sjieoies;  mouth  very  large;  vertical  fins 
dusky ;  size  very  large. 
t.  Maxillary  2Mu  bead;  preorbital  5}  in  head ;  maxillary 
rciK'hing  nearly  or  quite  to  middle  of  eye,  2^  to  22 
in  head:   base  of  pectoral   dusky;    bead   2}    in 
length;  depth  3;.    D.  X,  U;  A.  Ill,    8;    scales 

6-4(1-13.  NOVKItrASCIATVS,  1031. 

tt.  Maxillary  2^  in  head;  preorbital  4|  in  head;  maxil- 
lary reaching  past  middle  of  eye,  about  2\  in 
bead ;  usually  a  black  spot  or  shade  at  base  of 
]>e('toral;  head  2}:  depth  3;  D.X.U;  A.III,  8; 
scales  7-50-12.  cyanoptebds,  1632. 

id.  Vomerine  teeth  forming  an  anchor-shaped  patch,  with  ■ 
diHtinct  backward  prolongation  on  the  median  lino; 
second  anal  spine  little,  if  any,  shorter  than  third; 
upper  oauiuos  strung,  lower  moderate  or  small. 
/.  Scales  above  lateral  lino  arranged  in  series  whioh  are 
not  throughout  parallel  with  lateral  line,  being 
oblique  and  irregular,  at  least  below  the  second 
dorsal. 
g.  Body  comparatively  elongate,  the  depth  2}  to  3 
in   length;    snout   rather  i>ointed;    month 
large,  maxillary  2j|  in  head;   scales  7  in  an 
oblique  series  Itetween   dorsal  and  lateral 
line;   pectoral  short,  not  f  length  of  head; 
soft  dorsal,  unal,  and  caudal  blackish,  tinged 
with  wine  color,  always  l)ecoming  dnsky  in 
spirits;    body  dark  greenish,  more  or  less 
reddish  below ;  blue  streak  on  preorbital  dis- 
apiiearing  early ;  specimens  from  deep  water 
with  more  or  b-ss  red.    Head  2} ;  depth  2{. 
D.  X,  U;  A.  UI,  8;  scales  7-50-12. 

OBlSBtrs,  16*3. 


Jordan  and  Evcnnann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1249 


gg.  IhMly  rDinpArnrivil)-  i]iM>p,  cl^ptb  alxint  2)  in 
Ivn^lli:   8D<iiit  long   and   pointml,   month 
rutlior  Hniull,  laaxilUry  ubont  3  in  bioit; 
pfoUirnls  long,  iu<>ri>  tli<n  |  length  of  heail ; 
•uift  cionuil,  iinsl.  iiikI  caudikl  orange  or  yel- 
low, b<-cotfilDg  palo  in  apiriU. 
h.  Scales  luiHlerate,  alwnt  nnw  in  an  obliqnx 
Rc-rirH  from  flnit  iJorsal  tu  lattral  line, 
atiuiK  65  vertirnl  aoriOK  i>Ih>v«  |jit«nil 
llou  bt-lwet'D  iiill  opouine  aud  baM'  of 
(>aailal,  luKTul  line  wilh  iiion-  tliun  45 
pom;  a  «rhiti'<h  una  hi>lnw  ryv;  hluo 
■trink  along  inliorbllal  region  iiaiially 
not  dlaappvoriDg  with  acr;   head  1\; 
<lcpih  %}.    D.  X.  U:  A.  III.  )•:  wale* 
8-BA-lS.  JOCt'.  lB:ii. 

M.  BeAle»  nnnsntilly  Inrg?,  5  or  n  in  an  oli]ii|Uii 
iierio*  from  tlr^l  doraul  tu  liilcrul  linti, 
alioiil  45  vi!r(l<';4l  aorioa  abi>v«  lutcral 
line  Iwjtwurn  gill  mioning  n«d  luutKof 
caiiilal:  latitriil  iinr  witii  Ifad  (linn  40 
pores,  blnvBtvcalt  uD  niilioTliital  rciE^an 
not  pvimionvnt  i  howl  ;!t;  i}vi>ib2|.  1>. 
X,  U;  A.  Ill,  8;  scale*  11-44-13. 

APOOI'S,  1KS6. 
ff.  8eal<M  almre  lateral  line  in  Iiorizont.i1  bitI^b  wbicli 
arci  tliriMighonl  nicirx  or  li'x.o  divtinrtly  pnrallel 
with  tbu  Intx^rnl  line:  Hnout  long  and  pointad,  3 
in  head;  in^ctoral  tin  lung,  1^  in  lioiul;  rolor 
brvwninh-rcd  with  faint  Hilvery  iitreako  along 
rava  nf  acalea  on  aides,  n  pal^bliie  itirunk  along 
auborbitol  and  preorhital ;  finit  yellow.  Hrad  2] ; 
depth  -J2;  !>.  X,  U:  A.  Hi.  H;  sinli-H  S-4&-12. 

ABIlCBTtVRNTBie.  1036. 

ee.  Prvclopi'd  gill  rakcra  more  nnm^rniia.  nliont  10,  wiOi  aeveral 
riidiuieiitH  lM>for«  thuin(lii  iV.  buecanaJta;  not  uxuniued  in 

A*.  luljarir'i(/r«). 

i.  C»udal  deeply  forked;  month  small,  maxillary  rearfaiDg 
posterior  nootril:  preopcrcle  slightly  Dotcbed,  little 
Borrate;  cadIdgs  strong;  touguo  vrltb  t«eth ;  soft  dur- 
aal  aud  anal  rounded;  pectoral  poinUi'd,  4^  In  total 
length.  Color  browniab-gre«D,  with  Q  brown  rroas- 
banils;  u  brood  grevoiah  stripe  from  ojHtrrle  to  buit>-  of 
caudal.  D.  X,  14;  A.  III.  8.  (Hybrid,  probably  of 
chryitnr\u-^-ioat.\  UTJJIXOIDKS.  IKff. 

it,  Caudal  loodpralely  forked ;  month  Inrgr,  maxillary  rearh- 
ing  anterior  Hlge  of  ••yi', 'JJ  in  liaad:  prfopercle  ser- 
rate, the  semF  strong  on  anglv;  oaniues  mivdium; 
Tonieritie  toeth  in  an  anchor  Rhujied  patch;  (*y« 
large;  the  base  and  axil  of  p«i-t«ral  with  a  jot-black 
blotch  ;  Hoalcs  nioderalv,  uhoul.  B  i))>li<ine  Horiiw  Ooni 
the  lateral  line  to  the  first  dorsal  apino,  alMiut  tR  ver- 
tical rows  above  lateral  liur:  second  jiool  spino  long, 
•bont  2f  in  head.  Color  crimson:  caudal  pnluncle 
and  ruiidal  fln  largely  yellow ;  iris  orange  red:  no  lat^ 
eral  blotch.  HeadZi;  depth  2|-,  !>.  X,  14;  A.  III.  8; 
aoalea  S-IB-IS.  BUCCAKUXA.  1638, 


1250         Bulletin  4.7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


hb.  Anal  fln  angnlateil,  its  median  niyB  proilnced,  tho  longeit  in  >dnlt 
at  loaHt  lialf  liead;  body  rather  robnat;  npper  canines  rather 
louK ;  lower  aniall.    Color  more  or  leaa  red,  the  young  with  a 
black  lateral  blotch. 
}.  Scalea  above  the  lateral  lin<<  arranged  in  aeries  which  are  not 
throughout  paralk-1  with  it;   side  with  a  black  blotch, 
which  usually  disappears  with  age:  anal  fin  bright  red. 
k.  Teeth  on  vomer  in  an  anchor-shaped  patch,  with  a  median 
back  want  prolongation ;  lingual  teeth  well  developed : 
snout  rather  pointe<l:    maxillary  reaching   edge  of 
pupil,  2}  in  head ;  caudal  edged  with  black. 
{.  Iris  golden-yellow   in   life.     Scales    rather    small, 
9-52-10,  almut  50  pores  in  the  lateral  line;  liody 
ratliKr  slomler,  tho  depth  2^  in  length;  second 
anul  spine  alwut  3}  in  liea<l :  gill  rakers  9  below 
angle:  eye  large,  4}  in  head  in  adult;  preorbital 
5}  in  head.    Head  2}  in  length ;  D.  X,  U ;  A,  lU,  9. 
Color  bright  rose-red,  with  golden  streaks. 

riTAlfCS,  1839. 
U.  Iris  rose-red.  Scales  rather  largo,  8-i6-14;  body 
robust,  the  depth  2}  in  length ;  second  anal  spine 
aliout  4  in  head;  gill  rakers  about  8  below  angle; 
eye  moderate,  5}  to 0  in  bond  in  adult;  preorbital 
5.  Head  2? ;  U.  X,  14 ;  A.  Ill,  9.  Color  roae-red, 
nearly  nuironn :  size  large.  ATA,  llt40. 

ik.  Teeth  in  vomer  in  a  /  -shaped  patch,  without  distinct 
prolongation  on  the  median  line;  lingual  teeth  very 
few  or  none;  snout  ratlier  ]M>intod ;  maxillary  reach- 
ing edge  of  eye,  2}  in  head:  scales  rather  small, 
about  50  pores  in  lateral  line.  Color,  gref-nish  above, 
rosy  bcluw :  a  small  bntdistinct  lateral  blotch :  young 
with  oblique  )>lno  streaks  above;  iins  mostly  brick- 
red,  especially  th«>  anal;  a  pearly  streak  below 
eye.  Head  2| ;  depth  2| ;  P.  X,  14;  A,  III,  8:  scales 
10-67-17.  ANAI.I8, 1((41. 

jj.  Scal(>s  above  the  lateral  line  arrangi-d  in  series  which  are 
more  or  less  distinctly  parallel  tlironghout  with  the  lat- 
eral line:  no  black  lateral  lilot4'h :  scales  rather  large,  5  or  6 
between  tirst  dorsal  spine  and  lateral  lino;  lateral  line 
with  47  pores :  vomerlni'  teeth  in  a  A-shape<l  pat<-h:  Un- 
gual teeth  well  develojied;  maxillary  reaching  front  of 
pniiil,  2|  in  head.  Color  rod,  ilusky  aliove:  a  blue  streak 
on  suborbital:  anal  and  ventral  fins  dusky.  Head  2{; 
depth  3:  D.  X,  14;  A.  Ill,  7;  scales  5-47-11. 

COI/IHAIK).  1642. 

aa .  Soft  dorsal  with  12  rays  (rarely  13) :  body  oblong,  the  ba<'k  not  greatly 

elevatwl ;  upper  canines  niodorate.  lower  small  or  obsolete ;  scales 

above  lateral  line  in  very  oblii|ue  series ;  anal  fin  low,  its  outline 

ruun<lc-d. 

m.  Mouth  uio<Wate;  maxillary  2J  to2J  in  bead. 

n.  Caudal  not  dtteply  forktsl;  gill  rakers  rather  few  (8  or  9  be- 
sides rudiments), 
u.  Pectoral  short,  Ij  in  head :  t<'eth  on  vomer  in  an  anchor- 
shaped  pat«'li.  t.'olor  olivaceous,  no  black  lateral 
blotcli;  lower  Jaw  inrlude<l.  Head  2J:  depth  3:  D. 
X,  12;  A.1I1,8;  scales  8-51-  X.  (Hybrid,  ijrwMM-f 
tynagritl)  BRACHTrTEBca,  1643. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1261 


00.  Pectoral  long,  more  than  two-tfaiids  length  of  head; 

color  chiefly  md ;  a  large  black  lateral  blotch ;  lower 

jaw  slightly  projecting. 

p.  Vomerine  teeth  in  an  anchor-shaped  patch,  with  a 

dintinct  back  ward  prolongation  on  median  line. 

Color  red;  back  and  sides  with  rows  of  dark 

blaish-gray  spots  follow  iug  the  series  of  scales ; 

similar  spots  on  sid<«  of  head ;  flns  reddish. 

Uead  2}:  depth  2};  P.  X,  12:  A.  in,  8:  scales 

7-53-15.  ouiTATUS,  1844. 

fp.  Vomerine  teeth  in  a  A- or /^-shaped  patch,  the 

prolongation  on  median  line  very  short  or 

wanting.    Color  rosy  gret<nish  above,  sideH  of 

head  and  body  with  namcroaa  longitndinal 

stripes  of  golden  yellow;    soft  dorsal  and 

caadal  red;   lower  fins  yellow.     Head  2}; 

depth  21 ;  D.  X,  12;  A.  Ill,  8 ;  scaira  8-«0-15. 

STNAQRIH,  1<M5. 

fm.  Candal  deeply  forked;  the  gill  rakers  rather  numerous, 
about  10  on  lower  part  of  the  anterior  arch ;  teeth  on 
vomer  in  an  anchor-shaped  patch ;  body  rather  elongate, 
compressed;  lower  jaw  projecting  or  not;  eyes  small; 
scales  small;  the  lateral  line  with  about  ISO  pores;  anal 
spines  graduated.  Colorreddish,  with  horizontal  yellow 
streaks;  no  black  lateral  blotch.  Head  3;  depth  3 ;D. 
X,  13;  A.IU,  9;  scales  9-53-15.  (Hybrid,  tynagrU  + 
ekrytunuf)  AMBinrrs,  1646. 

mm.  Mouth  large;  maxillary  2]  in  head ;  teeth  on  vomer  in  an  anchor- 
shaped  patch :  lower  jaw  strongly  projecting ;  body  rather 
elongate,  strongly  compressed :  eye  very  large,  red ;  scale* 
rather  small,  the  lateral  line  with  about  SO  pores ;  candal 
little  forked ;  second  and  third  anal  spines  Hnbe<|nal.  Color 
dark  brown;  pale  below,  flushed  with  red;  flns  mostly  red; 
a  large  black  latoral  blotch.    Head  2} ;  de]>th  21 ;  D.  X,  12; 

A.  Ill,  8;  scales  0-62-14.  KAHOOONI,  1647. 

RAIZaBO:* 

II.  Dorsal  spines  11 :  scales  Urge,  those  above  lateral  line  in  4  or  5  series,  fully  parallel 
with  lateral  line. 
q.  Soft  dorsal  and  anal  low ;  vomerine  teeth  in  a  A -shaped  patch ;  teeth  on  tongue :  gill 
rakers  few.  Color  dark,  olive-reddish  l>elow:  distinct  silvery  streaks  along 
rows  of  scales;  young  with  silvery  bars :  lower  fins  dusky.  Head  3;  depth  3); 
D.  XI,  12;  A.  Ill,  7;  scales  4^-45-12.  AKATUS,  1648. 

Subgenus  NEOM/BNIS. 

18S0.  XEOXXMS  JORDAM,  Gilbert. 

Head  2}  to  3  in  length ;  depth  2}  to  2} ;  eye  4Hi>  head.  D.  X,  14 ;  A.  Ill, 
9;  BcaleH  51  above  lateral  line,  43  to  47  oblique  serieR  running  dowiiw-nrd 
and  backward.  Body  deep,  with  regular  cnrves,  the  two  profllos  nearly 
eqnal.  Snont  short,  with  rapidly  rising  upper  profile,  Sjt  to  'M  in  head. 
Kye  large,  much  greater  than  the  width  of  the  preorbital  at  the  middle  of 
its  length,  where  it  is  |  length  of  heail.  Maxillary  reaching  slightly 
beyond  front  of  pupil,  its  length  equaling  that  of  snout  and  half  eye,  21! 


'Spanish  name  of  Stomtmiii  aratut,  from  raiz,  root;    "place  of  roots,"  tlie  HjiecieH 
liviag  among  the  root*  of  the  nuiagroves. 


125;i  Hulk  tin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


in  bead.  Mandibniar  tu«th  in  a  viniromt  dand  whieh  ia  of  iiKiiliTiite  width 
anteriorly  iirid  tapf-rs  ritpidly  uii  sidoA;  (lu  oiitnr  »vii'wa  of  dlHtntitly  pliu'-cil 
inod«rate  cuuinea;  ti>«th  in  itreiniaxillarici)  ainrilrkr  tu  tho^e  b'.dow,  the 
caoinos  Huiall,  a  pair  on  en<>b  iside  enlarged,  but  sninU  fur  this  g«uu8;  vouier- 
inu  t'e«th  iu  a  diamou<I-Hha|iod  patch,  the  sides  sul>ci|usil,  i'riu<;iive;  pro- 
ocular  mar);iu  with  a  rather  dei-p  vmar|:^iu:ition  above  the  niigle;  abiivo  the 
eniurginatiou  tbo  I'd^c  is  very  minutely  and  finely  fierrnlati',  at  the  un^le 
provided  witli  afew  »hort  slender  nithrr  iliNtant  spim-.s.  <iill  mkerH  slnm;;, 
thoNe  iibovo  Angle  all  Hhurt,  ttii-  oiiu  :it  :ii]<;1e  iiliniptly  It^iiiitheiied,  about 
ball'diaineter  of  eye;  «eveij  develnpcd  im  burizoutal  limb  of  arch.  l'o»- 
tertor  nostril  elliptical.  Five  or  six  series  of  scales  on  cheeks,  the  band 
ruuuiug  upward  to  level  of  npjier  niargiii  of  orbit;  n  Kinjrle  narrow  baud 
of  scales  on  ucciptit,  separated  by  a  nrtkcd  t^pace  from  thone  on  na)>e;  top 
of  head,  snout,  mandible,  preojierclts  maxitlary,  and  iiiitirior  half  of  intor- 
operi'l''  niiked;  Mitalex  above  !at<ir!il  liiiu  iu  series  paralbd  with  the  lateral 
line;  scales  on  the  breast  r>i>t  much  reduced,  ns  lar^e  na  tliosc^  on  upercle; 
basal  portions  of  dorsal  juiditnul  deiisvly  scaled,  thescaleH  forming  a  sheath 
at  bane;  baHal  |  uf  caudal  densely  at-aled.  Dorunl  H))ineH  heavy,  not  tlex- 
iblK,  the  longest  24  >)■  bead;  second  and  third  anal  ^piue.s  about  equal,  half 
the  length  of  siionttind  eye;  8oft<lnraal  anil  anal  low,  routidi-d,  tiie  longest 
ray  (measured  frnro  free  edge  of  sheatli  1  about  ^  bead ;  I'andnl  Innate,  the 
middle  rays  }  the  outer,  l^n  head;  pect^>^:l!s  very  long,  nearly  reaching 
vertical  from  vent.  1;^  in  bead;  vontrals  \i  in  bead.  Color,  b:iek  and  top 
of  bead  deep  olive;  lower  half  of  sides  and  below  dark  redilish-pnrple; 
mauy  of  the  locales  mi  sicles  with  it  silvery  spot  rioar  the  margin,  ]iruduciug 
faint  leugthwise  8tri|iea;  lius  reddish-purple,  tbo  basal  portion  of  soft 
dorsal  nnd  cauda!  tinged  with  olive;  iris  silvery,  with  inner  and  outer 
orange  circle;  no  blue  lines  on  the  head;  ionctr  lining  of  gill  nienibrunes 
and  the.Hboiilder  girdki  larH:ely  orange- red  ;  jiectoral  fins  orange-brown.  Of 
rare  occurrence  at  I'unaiiia,  but  occasiouully  taken  in  cunsulcrable  num- 
bers. It  is  a  stuatl  species,  reaching  a  length  of  about  1"  iiiehes.  .\  strongly 
marked  .species,  ((irito  unlike  any  other.     (Named  for  David  Starr  .Ionian.) 

StowmU  jordaiii,  <:iLi<KKr,  l''i.«lK>a  ol'  Pnuuinu,  In  Ihriir,  Onl.  Ai'.  Sul.  1897,  Panama. 
(Coll.  Gilbert.    Tyjic,  Xo.  llSSjt,  L.  S,  Jr.  I'nlv.  Mn».) 


lOSl.  >'£0)I£M8  >'OTKaFAiil'IiTl'S  <GiU). 
(Paboo  PaiBTO;  Paboo  KaakSo;  Paboo  Nboso.) 

TToftd2};  depth  H;  eye  ,^»  to  J»  in  head.  D,X,14;  A.  III.  8,  rnrcly  III,  7; 
niiivillary  L'l ;  pienrbital  5i ;  scales  ti-lf^-lX  Body  cniiiparativtily  elon- 
gate, the  back  little  elevated;  profile  very  gently  i-urvod ;  Hinmt  long  and 
poiuttul,  ii  length  of  he.ad;  eye  small,  less  than  breadth  ol"  the  wide  pre- 
orbital;  maxillary  barely  reaching  to  opjioKite  trout  of  orbit,  its  length 
2}  in  hea<l;  each  jaw  with  a  very  narrow  baud  uf  villiform  teeth,  ontsido 
of  which  ia  a  single  series  of  larger  tuelh,  those  in  sides  of  upper  Jaw 
sntall,  2  in  front,  however,  developed  n,s  large  fangliko  cininea.  larger 
than  usual  in  this  genus,  tluor  length  about  equal  to  the  diaiuetev  of  tho 
pupil;  a  iiairorsiitalb-r  eaniiieH  near  the  middle  of  the  upper  jaw,  between 
the  large  ones;  uouical  teeth  ot  lower  jaw  distant,  caniuelike,  U  to  8  iu 


Jordan  and  Evermann, — Fishis  of  North  America.     1253 


number  on  each  side,  largnr  than  ia  an^  of  onr  other  species  of  'SrvmimU, 
niiK-h  larger  than  thotto  r>n  aidi^H  of  iippor  jaw;  toeth  ou  tou^ue  ia  a  lurge 
oval  patch,  iu  front  of  which  are  two  Hiaallur  putuhoH;  teeth  ou  vomer 
foriiiing  a  crenrent-ahiipfil  piitvh,  without  liuckward  proloup;ati<iu  ou  tho 
iiicilian  line.  Gill  rakePH  few,  not  verj'  large,  iliHtant,  altont  \-\-1.  Freop- 
erole  with  its  posterior  laargiii  <}xteailiuj{  very  olilirjiiiOy  forward,  theau^lu 
therefore  very  obtusely  rounded;  a  hrond  shallow  notch  above  the  anjiie, 
the  margin  abiivo  thr  notch  i-ouvox,  its  «d)»e  itiiimtely  serrulate;  a  few 
coarswr  teeth  at  the  an^Ie;  lower  border  mostly  smooth,  lii  the  adult  the 
whole  margin  of  the  itrooperclo  is  without  HorratiouH;  t<ii)iraai'apahir  ser- 
rate. Po8t<tri(>r  iiostril  ne^irly  round;  a  Hiiigli!  uarrow  ttaud  of  scalea 
exteudiii);  downward  and  hiickwaid  from  iiei<i|)iit.  Portal  spliiett  rather 
long,  with  Bhar|i  tlexibte  tipn,  th<-  fouitli  tlie  l(tii)re<<t,  hut  Nliortor  than  tlm 
anoat,  ;H  iu  head ;  aiinl  Kinneii  Hhort  and  Ntruu^',  inurh  Htronger  thiiu  dorsal 
Hpines,  the  necotid  and  third  rif  tioiirly  oiiual  length,  the  second  Houiowhat 
strongest,  not  much  lougor  than  diameter  uf  the  orbit,  i\  iu  head ;  Hoft  rayn 
of  anal  low,  :{^  iu  head;  ciitidal  tin  rniarginate,  \\  in  head:  pcetorajj)  luut-U 
longer  than  voutralH.  extending  ulightly  heynnd  them,  their  length  Ijf  in 
head.  Scales  moderate,  linn,  present  ou  cheek,  opercle.  stibugiurcle,  and  iu  a 
agle  series  on  intcroiiercle;  8c:ile»  abnve  Interjil  line  forming  very  obliijae 
Briet)  riiuuing  upward  and  backward,  nut  imralle]  with  llie  lateral  Hue; 
~KcaIe!i  on  breast  not  very  8m:ilt,  sniiillcr  thuu  thuae  on  opervh';  hanul  per* 
tiouB  of  vertical  Una  scaly.  Coloration  :  Hack  aud  snles  very  dark  olive- 
brown,  the  hack  with  a  slaty  tinge,  tbe  sides  often  with  8omo  faint  pur- 
plish; sides  paler  below;  the  belly  aud  lower  ])arts  of  hea<l  white;  very 
old  specimens  largely  coppery  red,  nearly  uniform,  darker  above;  each 
scale  ou  the  donoil  region  with  the  bassil  half  dark;  head  coloruil  like  (he 
body;  maxillary  browni.-h,  no  bluish  streak  on  ]>re<irbitiil;  vortical  tius 
dark  brownish  ;  the  spiutms  dorsal  olive-brown  with  a  narrow  dark  strunk 
at  base  and  tip;  anal  with  the  margiu  of  its  tirst  three  rays  white;  (ledornls 
oTtTBoeonv  brown;  ventrals  dark  browniwh,  becoiuing  reibli«h  at  base; 
iuaido  of  month  reddish-yellow.  Young  with  the  margin  of  ttpinous  dorsal 
and  most  of  aual  black;  yuiiag  with  t)  dark  crossUajids;  vurieii  much 
with  age.  lienerally  common;  known  from  I'acilic  coiuit  of  tropical 
America;  Cape >SauLuca!i;  ^Jiiaymas;  Ma/.atlun;  I'lirtta Arenas;  -SanJilas; 
Panama.  A  large  sjiecies,  valued  as  food;  closely  ulliod  Xo  .V.  ri/anoptcriii; 
reaching  a  weight  of  20  pounds,  {nofetn,  nine;  fa»tiatu»,  banded,  a  chiir- 
actor  seen  only  iu  the  very  young.) 

Lutjaiiut  no*frt\fatciatu4,  Gill,  Pruc.  A<<.  Kat,  .Soi.  Thila.  It>R2,  251.  Cape  Sad  Lucas  (very 
young);  JllKlJAHAi  8WAIN,  (.i:..443|  EVEMMANH  ^  JKMKIN!),  Proc.  I*.  8.  Nal.  Moa.  1891, 
UA;  JoRUAi  >V  Frklek,  l.r.,*40. 

UrtnjiriQ-n  jiairijitui.  BucoUBT,  Ann.  .S<si.  Kst  Psrlrt  1H8,  223.  Tauesco,  PaclAe  coast  of 
Guatemala. 

tutjanu*  yrittu,  JoROAK  A  GiMIRnT.  VvK.  V.  S.  Nat.  Uo>-  1881.  353,  Maiatlan.     (T}-p«, 

No.  ;:8i9fi.) 

lMl)aHUM  imcijlau,  VaiUJUIT  A  BOCOVRT,  Miaaiou  SoicntiOqae  iiu  Mexiqas,  123,  pi.  Ul.flg. 

2. 18t)L 
LmHanuM  nmtm/atialuM,  JonoAN,  Flubea  Sinaloa,  454. 

VdTIC— 'I'lir  following  ilrncriplinii  in  rniiii  an  lulult  «Xiim|>lo,  HI)  luchrit  Innf;,  tlifl  no-rallfMl 
Pargti  uianiBu  ur  Miirouii  aDitppvr.  from  .Miualliiu :  Uead  3,-  depth  3  (U)  tu  ;puug|.     U.  X, 


1254         Bulletin  47 <  United  States  National  Museum. 


U;  A.  til,  18:  cmIm  6  <4)-»>-l3;  vye  «i  in  1u«<l;  snont  3|;  maxlllar.v  3|:  p«ct«r«l  1}.- 
^'«atr»IZi  analSj  third  suhI  ii|ilner>];  camlall};  prporbltul  :i|t  (4^  in  Hmaller  niiiwiuienii  t!0 
iut'boo  loD;;:  S  in  tliuno  uf  1  fuul  Ionic).  Ihxiy  vvrv  ruliuol.  nut  muuli  roiu|intBiH.-<l,  tlin 
lii4«kuiit  iiliiir|>.  IIiMtil  vi-.ry  licr^O;  tlicmoutli  very  UrKcri-n^^liiutMuiildloorvyc.  Catiiima 
very  ilruui;,  iu  front  <"f  Jnw  ami  ou  aidi'»  of  Iuwit;  vniueriiie  UftU  iu  a  V-alinjii-d  pittcli, 
udt  priiloiiciMl  Whind.  (till  rakvrH  7,  very  «riiall,  tlic  l(>ii|;i<»t  Icaw  tliaii  ]iii|iil.  t'osttriur 
nualrjl  uliloiig,  iiinih  longur  than  anterior,  rrtvpenlu  lili^Iitly  Hutched^  7  or  8  ruwsof 
HOaIra im <dieok.  DophaI  dKoply  imtiliud,  ratlirr  law;  auftdnrHnI  Itiw  and  tniindMl;  niiol 
lawnndrnTiDdoi);  p«itoral  lun^  and  pointed;  candjil  aliort.  s<'ar<;oly  roDcavc ;  nnal  Bpiuv* 
Hliurt.  gradiuitei].  Stialrn  above  lat  »ral  lino  nul  in  u  |iaralli>l  Horieo.  Maroon  ctilor  above, 
04ipp(T-rcil  lu'l^nv,  bt^Ctintit)^  Mulnion  color  nnleriorly;  tints  Idni'kiHh,  tinned  with  maroou; 
|>ect<ir.ilduli  yellow  ulivv,  blackisli  uttip;  abbn  ki'li  croon  spolunimse of  peolora],  ;crowinK 
faiul  witti  n^i*.  Ingidt'oT  tlio  mimlb  aaluion ;  vuntraJ  •luitcdnrk.  tbit  lipn  bl.-ick  \  \t\a  salmon 
('oliir;  nobliii'  dpotitor  liuo  bckiw  pyp.  Voung  Willi  iipinouiidor«alt'dgotl  willi  blaok;  anal 
nnduaiidul  blurk;  vciitrula  black  tlpptnl:  a  liliu^k  iTPHmnl  on  iip]H:rpartori>aiiu  ofpt-ctorikl. 
VQiinic  1  fiMit  liinK,  blaek  wilU  jirugroaMvoly  less  rml  ami  nurrow  preorbital ;  0"lor  largely 
blat^klab,  tlu^Mi  wilb  ooi>prr  on  ii<'lly  and  lower  purta.  Tlioyoun^^nni  colltHi  Pargonujjro; 
tliK  half-grown,  t'argii  prietu;  the  adult,  I'lLTgci  niartifio,  or  Maroon  snapper.  Tbia  sperlea 
CMclieM  a  itiiiob  luriii-r  xir.o  limit  any  olliir  membrr  oT  thv  grDiiH  on  Ibo  Pacillc  cooat.  tliuiM 
aiNlciiiM'iiH  obtaiDe<l  by  na  with  dvumnito  luuuug  tbi»  Vuuaduit  iKliindn  having  o  weight  of 
about  2&  iionndn.  It  ih  a  TihiJ  tisb  of  itoiuo  iinpnrlauco.  Il  iintliTgoCii  very  eontiidurable 
rhanuuo  with  age.  a«  Ibi'  iiotea  above  slimv.  The  yoiiiiK  are  dark  iu  color,  t be  bodtua 
baiKlwl.  and  I  lie  niDoniitof  red  vory  alight.  The  adult  tx^MuneK  uiiifunuly  colored  with 
niui-b  rill,  iiud  with  imreagod  m^c  there  is  a  progresslvo  lengthening  of  ttio  sooataad 
widening  of  the  preorbttal. 

1882.  .NEOMi.MS  L'V,1>((I'TKIUIS*  (Cuvier  i  Valonciennea). 
(Ci'BMU.) 

Head  2} ;  deptli  3;  cyu  rnther  small,  X>\  in  hetul.    D.  X,  14 ;  A.  in,  8;  soalw 

<6>  7-r>0-12;  .'rO  [it>re«.  Hoily  elon^jnte,  nttlier  rubnst,  thu  Ijiick  little  ol6- 
vated;  jtrofilo  lioni  aiiuiit  to  iiapf  liemly  «traiglit;  Nuout  loiij;,  thick. rather 
:uiutcv  ill  iiiolilc,  :i  ill  livilil  \  iutoitirbitiil  si>iifi)  tluttixh  or  gently  ronvox,  6J 
ID  beat! ;  octipitfil  Keel  low ;  prcorbital  bioad,  Ij  iti  head ;  lountli  very  large; 
iiiiixillitry  reaching  middle  of  eye,  '2.\  in  ht-iid.  Cituiuo  teeth  hiriicr  thtut  in 
iiiiy  other  species,  esiteciiilly  those  iu  luwcr  Jaw  ;  uppur  jiiw  vvitli  i\  narrow 
biuid  of  villi  furni  tcc-th,  oiii«ide  of  which  in  ti  seriuM  otMlrrtiig  sh:tri>  ti-oth; 
4  caninet)  iu  front,  2  of  Mumii  vmy  long  and  tttiung,  tlivir  Imigths  «  diam- 
eter of  oyc;  lower  jiiw  with  5  or  ti  very  strong  cuiiinelike  ti'eth  on  each 
aide,  tht;  largest  little  8iiiall«<r  tliuti  the  ctkiiiiies  of  upper  juw;  n  few 
villiforin  teeth  in  front  i>f  jaw  ;  ttmgtie  with  ii  largti  obliiiiceoliitt)  patch  of 
te«tU,  pointed  Iwliind,  its  length  ulKiiit  twioi-  its  gre«test  width;  vomer 


*  Thin  aiwt'tes i«  loinmou  in  the  market*  uT  Uavana.  where  it  l.i  known  aa  ('ultrra.  It 
grow*  111  a  very  cou»idf>rttblc  hixe,  iiiid  ;<p«<'liueuH  el' IcKBlhan  ,5pntin<lri  weicbt  arc  rery 
rare  in  the  niarkula.  V  npecinien  fronj  CurtliaiJieiin.  United  .StjileH  of  rolcmiliiii,  in  In  llio 
muAeuiii  at  (.'anibriilge.  I'be  Mp«eieH  aeuniJi  tuTtuve  an  iutiitlerout  ropiiiJilion  mm  n  fwxl* 
liab.  being  ol'tcn  iiii«  holeaouie.  It  boa  always  u  riiKJieii  nppi-arauce  in  the  inark<<t,  it* 
iH-alea  iieihir  Iokh  linnlv  a(L*U'lied  than  tb«t8e  ol'iither  8peeie».  TbiH  a[)o<'iim  in  verv  eloaely 
rolated  to  .V.  j/rinriit,  liul  »o  fur  a*  we  have  amn  Ibo  two  may  always  be  diKtini^nUhed  by 
tlio  diil'Teuoe  In  tVinn  of  the  roinerine  pat^b  of  t<M'th  ami  by  the  devdopnient  of  liic 
canines  uf  the  bnverjaw.  'I'lieKn  ar«  lareer  in  A*,  ciiannplenu  than  in  any  other  American 
Kpcciea.  Tliis  (poi^iea  is  almost  iilentieal  with  .V.  ntipi-pn/fUrin/iM  of  the  rucilic  i-oaat,  the 
somewhat  liLrger  tnoutb  b«-in^  the  most  inarke^l  miiiit  of  dillerenee.  The  dnsky  area  or 
»|iol  at  liaae  of  iMH'toral  is  luore distiml  in  the  Allatitie  i'onn.  L.  timlatv*  of  DninerilADii 
il.ftiaiioiilrnit  111  ("uvier  uud  ^■ttlelleieuues  are  ideiitioal  with  l..iUbtra,  Poi>y.  Tbia  ia 
sliown  by  the  exainlnatiou  of  tbo  origiiutl  typt'i,  U. parytu,  Cuviur  and  ValencieiiBea,  ia 
probably  thu  aaiue. 


Trith  a  A-shapod  patch  of  teetb,  iisnnlly  vrithnnt  backward  prulongation 
i>ii  lueiliuu  lino,  but  soniftiiues  with  ii  sbort  riie<li.au  ])rulon)^uti<Mi  [y^'\- 
BbiiptHl),  il«  length  ulw-jiys  le»N  than  ihf  witlth  of  this  patch  in  front; 
ptt^rvgoiil  itud  hyuid  bouea  withunt  tuelh,  (•ill  rukerH  rathi<r  Hhuit  and 
thick,  about  {  li-n^th  of  iliauii-ter  of  eyu,  iibout  K  ou  lower  arrh;  no  nidi- 
luentH.  rri'optTL'lu  with  poHturior  margin  nearly  vortical,  the  i>ui:irgtna- 
tion  l>road  and  Hhullow ;  prfoperclo  finely  Mornitu  abovu  tlio  tcetli,  courser 
just  above  the  angle;  lower  limb  alnioHt  i-iitiro.  Scales  ratluir  lar;;e, 
loosi'ly  attiu'htd;  clu-eke  with  about  H  rows,  1  row  on  interop-erclt,  1  row 
on  siibo[iorcle,  and  about  7  on  opurclu;  temporal  ri*glou  wltti  about  two 
rowb  of  Inixo  scaleA;  tubes  of  lateral  litit-  rtijnjilv;  baHL*  <if  soft  tkirHal 
and  aiinl  Hcaly.  Dorsal  spiiiOH  rather  struiii;.  the  outline  of  iho  tin  g«-iitly 
convex,  the  fourth  spine  loDgest,  HJ  in  ht<ad ;  the  tenth  si)in<i,  6  in  head; 
anal  rspiiies  atrou^,  the  second  ttpiuc  Htrouger,  Hli^htly  shorter  than  third, 
which  it)  o  in  bead;  caudal  liltlu  forked;  pcct<iral(>  about  I'lnhcml.  (.'olor 
dusky-gray,  paler  ladow,  tlie  bi<lly  Hoinetiin<.-8  tinged  with  reddibh;  iiicni- 
brauc.t  of  iloraal,  anal,  ami  canilal  griiyisb-black,  the  anal  and  soft  tlorsal 
«81>ecially  blaokihh;  ventrals  blackish  at  tii»;  pectorals  ]i]ain  idivai  cous, 
the  ba.se  and  inner  uiargiu  dtiaky ;  head  duKky  aliovo,  without  marking!*. 
Length  2  to  4  feet;  length  of  specinieu  de»crlbcd  (from  Cuba)  17.t  inchcn. 
West  Indies  to  Brazil,  rather  coiun>ou;  a  large  coarse  fiah  regarded  an 
unwholesome  by  fishermon.     (ttvdyeoi,  blue;  nrffjoy,  liu.) 

Mnoprian  eyanoiitrrut.CvwiSiti.  VjLLKNriKK5ES,  IIi»t  Nat.ruiBS,  II,  472,  18:!8,  Braiil. 
! MMtiprifin  jiar'jvt,  Cvvieb  A  VAi.liNfiK:*T«»i,  IIi»t.  Nat,  ToiHs,,  ii,473. 182«,  Puerto  Rico, 
ljuljanutcvli€ra,VaKX,  Ann.  Lye.  Niit.  Hint.  N.  V.  1871, TD,  Cuba  j  ruKY.  EuuiiiernUii,  27, 

1875:  JoROAN  Jl  Swain.  I.e.. HZ. 
Ltiljonut  denlatut,  A.  DUM&BIL  hi  V'AlLLA.vr  it  BocoCRT,  Miai.  Soi.  au  llnx.,  Hi,  1881, 

Brazil. 
Lutjaiiut  cynotloM,  PoKT,  Synopnl.H, ^M,  1808. 

ilrmjirion  ci/norion.  I'OET.  Kopcrtorio,  M.  "JCe.  1X88;  not  iif  OfVIKR  i  VAUENCIEKyKS. 
Luljaiiut  fiiitHfiplrriit,  JuBUAN,  I'roc.  V.  S.  N'«l,  U.ii».  1H86,  U4  texaiiiinatioii  ul'  lyiH<)  i  Juu 

PA-f  A.  FEdLKU.  I.  c,  140. 

10X4.  XKOXJEXIS  liRI8EV«)  (Ltnnwna). 


(GUAY  S,<<Ai-l'SB:   MA»UB0V12  SNAffKU;   CVUBIXEUUTE:    LAWYRB.) 

Head  2j;  depth  25  to  8^.  D.  X,  14;  A.  Ill,  8;  scak-a  it>)  "-30-12;  17 
p«re»*.  Body  conipanitivuly  olougatir,  the  back  not  strongly  coriiprciwed, 
little  elevated;  prolilo  almost  straight  from  snout  to  nape,  theucL>  gently 
convex.  Snout  rather  poiute<l,  3  in  head.  Eye  rather  Humll,  14  in  heail. 
(uterorbital  space  gently  convex,  6  in  head;  occipital  ki-cl  little  ])ruiiii- 
nent;  preorbital  rather  broad,  5^  to  6^  in  head.  Mouth  large;  jaws  aub- 
c<|iial;  maxillary  reaching  front  of  ])npil,  25  in  brad;  npper  jaw  with  a 
narrow  band  of  villiform  teeth,  oiitsnle  of  which  is  a  sini^le  tieries  of 
enlarged  teeth;  -I  canines  in  front  of  npficr  .jaw,  2  of  thctii  qnite  l;irge — k 
diameter  of  eye;  lower  Jaw  with  a  very  narrow  band  of  villiform  teeth  in 
front  of  jaw  rmly ;  outside  of  these  a  single  row  of  teeth  larger  than  outer 
t««th  of  upper  jaw,  becoiuiug  cauineliko  in  adult;  tongue  with  au  oval 
pfttch  of  t«eth,  its  width  about  i  its  length;  vomer  with  an  arrow-shaped 


1256  Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


patch  of  teeth,  with  backward  prolongation  on  the  median  line,  its  length 
about  twice  its  width  in  front.  Gill  rakers  rather  short  and  thick,  their 
length  about  \  diameter  of  eye,  about  8  on  lower  arch,  with  no  rudimen- 
tary ones  before  them.  I>reopercle  with  its  posterior  margin  nearly  verti- 
cal, with  a  rather  broad  and  deep  eiuargination.  Preoperole  finely  serrate 
above,  the  teeth  coarser  at  the  angle.  Scales  comparatively  large,  the 
rows  in  horizontal  series  below  the  lateral  line,  those  above  running  par- 
allel with  the  lateral  line  until  below  the  soft  dorsal,  where  they  become 
slightly  irregular  and  obli<{ue;  7  rows  of  scales  on  cheek;  an  embedded 
row  on  interopercle;  1  row  on  subopercle,  and  7  on  opercle;  temporal 
region  with  about  3  rows  of  large  scales ;  top  of  bead,  snout,  and  jaws 
naked;  base  of  soft  dorsal  and  anal  Hcaly ;  tubes  of  lateral  line  branched. 
Dorsal  spines  rather  strong,  the  outline  of  the  fin  gently  convex,  the  fourth 
spine  longest,  2^  in  head,  the  tenth  spine  4  in  head;  margin  of  soft  dorsal 
rounde<l,  the  ninth  and  tenth  rays  longest,  1^  length  of  first,  and  li  last 
ray,  2i  in  head ;  caudal  emarginate,  the  upper  lobe  longest,  1^  length  of 
middle  rays,  which  are  1}  in  head;  anal  fin  high,  its  margin  slightly  angu- 
late,  the  middle  rays  longest,  2  times  length  of  last  ray,  2^  in  head,  first 
ray  reaching  almost  to  tip  of  last  ray,  when  the  fin  is  depressed;  second 
anal  spine  as  long  or  slightly  longer  and  stronger  than  third,  3^  to  4  in 
head ;  ventrals  1}  in  head ;  pectorals  shortish,  scarcely  reaching  vent.  If  in 
head.  Color  in  life,  very  dark  green  above,  the  middle  part  of  each  scale 
brassy-black,  its  edge  broadly  pearly  whitish ;  below  lateral  line  the  duski- 
ness of  the  middle  of  the  scale  passes  into  brassy,  and  below  into  bright 
coppery,  the  belly  and  lower  parts  of  head  being  more  or  less  distinctly 
bright  coppery-red;  the  lower  jaw  grayish;  no  blue  stripe  below  eye, 
except  in  the  very  young;  top  of  head  blackish-olive;  dorsal  blackish,  its 
margin  darker  and  tinged  with  maroon-red ;  soft  dorsal  dusky,  anteriorly 
slightly  edged  with  whitish;  caudal  violaceous  or  maroon  black;  anal 
wine-color,  edged  with  whitish;  ]>ectorals  pale  fiosh-color;  ventrals  whit- 
ish, faintly  niarke<l  with  reddish.  Young  with  a  blackish  band  from  snout 
through  eye  to  na))e,  very  distinct  in  life;  a  blue  streak  below  eye;  spi- 
nous dorsal  with  a  dark  niaroon-colored  band  along  edge.  Described  firom 
a  s)>ecimen  from  Key  West,  11  inches  in  length.  Fishes  from  deep  water 
are  much  redder  than  those  taken  near  the  shore.  In  no  case  is  the  caudal 
yellowish  or  of  any  pale  shade.  West  Indies;  ranging  from  New  Jersey 
to  Brazil.  This  species  is  very  common  along  our  South  Atlantic  and  Gulf 
coasts  and  occasionally  strays  northward  as  far  as  Woods  Hole,  being  the 
northernmost  in  its  range  of  any  member  of  the  genus  in  the  Atlantic.  It 
is  everywhere  generally  known  as  gray  snapper.  In  Florida  and  the 
Bahamas,  where  the  coasts  are  lined  by  mangrove  bushes  among  which 
the  young  of  this  species  abound,  the  name  mangrove  snapper  comes  into 
use.  It  inhabits  water  of  varying  depths,  large  specimens  being  often 
found  very  near  the  shore,  while  others  may  be  taken  in  waters  of  consid- 
erable depth  in  company  with  Neomcfith  aya.  These  latter  individuals  are 
much  redder  than  those  found  in  shoal  water;  their  general  color  is  paler 
and  the  body  is  a  trifle  less  elongate.  Such  correspond  to  the  form  named 
Ltttianui  tteamai.    [griteiis,  gray.) 


tur^m  finnu  Oranchialiiut  oamu  (IfugroTe  Bumpper),  CATBBBr.  Eiit,  CuoUjik,  pi.  B, 

m^  Bahamas. 
O^UffiXfi,  I'Ali&A,  DMcr.  Dif.  Pi»uui,  Biit.  Vat.,  pi.  25.  Ac.  1,  1787,  Havana. 
litbntt  frUmt,  Luirii.CrB,  Sviit.  Nat.,  x.  383,  nSS;  aftorCATcaBT. 
4)«nM  ItfrMMiMiM,  Blocr,    Icbth..  pi.   270,  I7SI,   Martinique;   oti   a  ttrawiug   by 

Plcmim. 
StMUs eabtUtrot*.  UlocB  It.  SctantOKU,  8;st.  IcIiUi.,  310,  1801,  Cuba;  after Pauia. 
Bodianut  rirantl,  UACtttBK,  Hilt.  Xat  Foiaa.,  TV,  pL  i,  Bg.  3,  1803,  Martinique ;  on  a 

Wf".  '  iRB^  VAlJU«cni!«irES,  Etat.  !fat.  I'olas.,)!,  4(K),  1B3«,  SanDomineo: , 

Lohii..  .».urvi««>»..  UaiKD  &  GIBAAO.  Btb  Smitli.  R«]>t..  332,  1855,  Beeetey  Point,  New 

lAt^»nt»  KMrnW.  Ooooa  &  Brax,  Ptoo.F.  8.  ^'al.Ma«.  1ST8,  17S.  Peosacola,  Florida. 

(Type,  Xo.  2ia7,  U.S.  3f .  M.    CoU.  Siln*  Sleams.j 
MtMpriMt  etbaUmtt.  Porr,  Keiifrtorio,  n,  157,  1M8. 
LfOfmiu  tmiaOtroU,  Pobt.  Synop«la,  31X3,  1800:  Posy,  Ennmeratio,  M,  18TS:  JoftOAX  & 

Gaanrr,  SyBopala,  Ki.  1683. 
X«^aa»f  yrimw,  JotDAN  A:  SwaUI,  {.  c,  438;  Jorda.<<  Si  Fuleb,  i.  «.,  Ul. 


mil.  .M:0)t£.51K  JOnr  (B1o«1i  ^  Sobnelder). 

(DOO  SNAPPKB;  JoCC.) 

Head  34;  depth  2t.  D.  X,  11;  A.  Ill,  8:  Males  (7)  8-66-15,  45  porea. 
Uixiy  oomparatirely  deep  and  compregeed,  the  luick  elevated  ;  profile  ateep 
and  iiliii06t  atraight  froui  snout  to  nape,  tlieiice  little  cimrox;  snout  rather 
long  and  pointed,  2}  in  head;  eye  nioderAt«,  if  in  head  ;  interorbital  spaie 
narrow,  gently  conT<>x,  5|  in  head;  occipital  keel  moderate;  prourbital 
tiroad,  4i  in  head;  mouth  rather  large;  jutvs  Bubequal;  maxillary  ri-acb- 
ing  front  of  orbit,  2f  in  head  ;  upper  jaw  with  a  narrow  baud  of  villifonn 
teeth,  ontside  of  which  is  a  single  serieH  of  larger  teeth;  4  canines  in 
front  of  np(>eT  jaw,  2  of  them  very  large,  almost  equaliug  in  leugth  the 
diameter  of  pupil;  lower  jaw  with  li  narrow  rilliforui  baud  in  front  only, 
kod  a  aerie«  of  larger  teeth  outside,  the  largest  ou  the  sido  of  the  jaw 
alnoiit  oaninelike;  tongue  with  a  single  large  ovul  p.ttvh  of  teeth,  its 
length  more  than  twicn  its  width;  U'eth  ou  vomer  forming  a  broa<lly 
arrow'shnped  patch  with  a  backward  prolongation  on  median  line  twice 
thp  length  of  width  of  anterior  part.  Gill  rak»«r8  riither  short  and  thick, 
the  longest  about  i  tliauieter  of  eye,  about  9  on  lower  part  of  urch,  with 
no  nidlmeuta  in  frout  of  them.  Preopercle  with  its  posterior  margin 
alanting  obliquely  downward  and  forward,  the  fmnrgination  very  broad 
and  shallow;  preai>eroIe  finely  serrat«  above,  the  teeth  coarser  at  the 
angle,  which  is  unt  salient.  Scales  moderate,  smaller  than  in  y.  grUrui 
fir  .Y.  apoduf,  in  nearly  horizontal  series  below,  and  ob1)i|nelf  upward  and 
backwani  ab<.)ve  the  lateral  line;  about  7  or  8  rowsof  sruloa  ou  the  cheek; 
1  row  on  iutcropprcle,  1  on  Riitiopen-le,  and  7  on  opordi*;  about  3  rows  of 
largo  acalt^a  on  the  temporal  region;  top  of  head,  snout,  and  jaws  naked; 
tiibea  of  lateral  line  brnnchcd;  Itaaea  of  soft  dorsal  and  anal  Hca],r;  dorsal 
spines  ruther  strong,  the  outline  of  thu  tin  evenly  curved,  tho  fourth  and 
fifth  apinea  longest,  'J^  in  head;  the  tenth  spine  4  in  head;  margin  of  iwlt 
donal  oonrex,  the  middle  rays  longest,  2{  iu  head;  oandal  little  forked, 
SOW a    . 


1258  Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


npper  lobe  the  louger,  \l  length  of  middle  rays,  1}  in  head;  margin  of 
anal  trell  roandod,  the  middle  rays  about  twice  length  of  last  ray ;  the 
first  ray  reaching  nearly  to  tip  of  last  ray  when  the  fin  is  depressed;  pec- 
torals slightly  falcate,  reaching  almost  t«>  front  of  anal,  \\  in  head;  anal 
spines  strong,  the  second  rather  longest  and  strongest,  not  always  reach- 
ing past  tip  of  third,  3^  in  head.  Color  of  adnlt  in  life,  olivaceous  above, 
paler  below,  mnch  flushed,  so  that  the  gi^neral  hue  is  everywhere  coppery- 
red  ;  sides  of  body  with  numerous  narrow  i-rossbars,  ra*her  faint,  the  light 
and  dark  of  about  equal  width,  or  the  pule  narrower;  scales  of  upper 
parts  mesially  brouzeVl ;  head  coppery,  especially  above ;  a  broad  whitish 
area  from  eye  to  angle  of  mouth,  becoming  rosy  in  spirits;  an  irregular 
line  of  small  round  or  oblong  spotH  below  eye,  from  snout  to  angle  of 
0])ercle;  soft  fins  all  plain  light  brick-red,  the  anal  somewhat  orange,  the 
caudal  more  or  leas  yellowish ;  spinous  dorsal  with  a  light  orange  band  at 
base  and  edge,  the  middle  pearly;  the  blue  stripe  below  eye  persists 
longer  than  in  any  of  the  other  species  Avliich  possess  it.  Young,  in  life, 
greenish-olive,  the  head  an<l  breast  flushed  with  bright  coppery-red;  base 
of  each  scale  bright  orauge-yellow,  this  color  more  extensive  than  the  dark 
ground  color,  so  that  the  general  hue  of  the  body,  eHpecially  below  and 
posteriorly,  is  a  rich  golden-yellow;  a  dusky  spot  on  top  of  head;  tempo- 
ral region  with  a  dusky  shade;  an  undulating  blue  stripe  below  eye  from 
snout  to  angle  of  operclo;  a  similar  fainter  streak  below  it;  pectorals  pale 
red  or  light  orange;  ventralH  orange;  other  fins  rich  golden  yellow,  the 
front  of  the  anal  and  the  edge  of  the  spinous  dorsal  rich,  clear,  brigbtorange. 
Described  from  a  Bi)ecinien  12  inches  in  length.  West  Indies,  north  to 
Florida  Keys,  south  to  Rahia;  occasionally  north  to  Woods  Hole,  Mass. 
This  species  is  abont  equally  abundant  with  y.apodus  about  Florida  Keys 
and  Cuba.    (From  Cuban  uame^'ocu.) 

Joni,  I'ARRA,  Uc»cr.  Dif.  I'iezais,  lliRt.  Nat.,  1,  pi.  25,  fljj.  •>,  1787,  Cuba. 
Anthiaijocii,  Ili.<x'ii  \  .ScilNKlDKFt,  Syst.  Iclitli.,  310,  IrtOl,  Cuba;  after  TaBBA. 
Utiopriiin  litura.  Cuvier  Ic  Valbnciknneh.  Hiot.  Nat.  PoiHs.,  ii,  467,  1828,  Cayenne;  St. 

Thomas. 
Maoprumjiicu,  Ccvier  &  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  Toias.,  ii,  406,  1828. 
Lutjantui jocu.  I'oEV,  SyuopHis,  '£fi,  IbiW;  .Iokda-n  &  Swain,  I.  e.,  437:  Juruan  &  Fbsleb, 

i.  c,  443. 

163S.  \EOX.KNIK  APOItl'S  (Walbaiiin). 

(SCHOOLMASTER:  CAJI.) 

Head  2i;  depth  2i.  1).  X,  11;  A.  HI,  8;  Hcal«-s  (.">)  0-12  to  45-13.  »> 
pores  in  lateral  lino.  Body  comparatively  deei>,  moderately  (-om|ire8sed, 
the  back  considerably  elevated;  profile  almost  straight  from  snout  to 
nape,  the  nuchal  region  rather  couvftx;  snout  unusually  long  and  pointed, 
its  outline  before  eye  a  little  depressed,  its  length  2?  in  head;  eye  moder- 
ate, 4 1  in  head;  intororbitai  space  flattish  or  gently  convex,  5J  in  head; 
mouth  large,  maxillary  reaching  front  of  orbit,  '2'i  in  head;  upper  jaw 
.with  a  narrow  band  of  villiforni  teeth,  outside  of  which  is  a  single  scries 
of  larger  teeth;  4  canines  in  front  of  upper. jaw;  I  of  thcin  on  each 
side  very  large,  almost  as  long  as  pupil;  lower  Jaw  with  a  narrow  villi- 
form  baud  in  front  only,  and  an  enlarged  series  outside,  these  largest  on 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1259 


aide  of  jsw,  where  soiue  of  tbem  are  soiuewliat  canineliku;  toujs;ne  with 
a  sin|B;l«  largu  oval  putcli  of  tm-tb,  it-<  length  itiorc  than  twic«  il.s  width; 
teeth  on  vomer  forinin^;  an  arrow-slijipe<l  patrh  witli  bai-kwanl  iimlmijja- 
tioD  on  median  liuo,  the  lenjfth  of  whit-h  in  twice  the  wirltb  of  the  firrow- 
patch  iu  fruut.  C<ill-rakert«  riithi.>r  short  :iud  thick,  the  loujregt  about 
I  dinniuter  of  o_vt<,  abniit  9  on  lownr  part  «f  arch.  Preoperclo  with 
its  posterior  margin  directed  Mouiewbut  oblii|i]ely  forward,  iisuully  vory 
weakly  cmar^^iniitis  fiimly  serrate  above,  almost  fntire  at  the  nugle. 
Scales  large,  decidedly  larger  ihati  iu  N.jooi;  tlieseritig  below  the  lati-ral 
line  Almost  horizoutiil,  tliuse  :ibove  iu  rows  ]iarallul  with  the  lateral 
liuK,  these  bccuiiiiag  tiiorr  or  less  irregular  po>tteriorly  and  uxt«nding 
upward  and  huckward  below  soft  dorsal;  about  7  rown  of  scales  on 
the  cheekh,  1  row  on  interopcrcle,  1  on  subopercle,  and  7  on  o)>eri'le; 
teiuporal  reKiou  with  a  few  liiri^c  stairs  in  about  2  rows;  base  of  uoft 
dorsal  and  anal  Hcaly ;  tubes  of  litturiil  lint^  each  with  4  or  5  bniucbeH. 
Doraal  Hpines  Htroug,  the  outline  of  tlie  fin  not  greatly  touvox,  tlx'  fourth 
spine  longest,  'Ji  in  bead,  rlie  tenth  spine  t  in  bead;  margin  of  soft  dorsal 
well  rounded,  the  njiddle  tays  longi'st,  twice  length  of  laBl.  23  iu  head; 
omndal  not  de^'ply  forkud,  the  upper  lobe  huigcst,  U  luugtb  of  middle  riiys, 
which  are  2  in  bead;  margin  of  anal  well  rounded,  it«  middle  rays  twice 
length  of  last,  2;  iu  bead,  the  first  ray  reaching  about  to  middle  of  luat 
when  the  lin  itt  dopresMed ;  auul  Njiines  strong,  the  secouil  lunger  than 
tliird,  3i  in  head;  \'entralH  'J  in  heail;  pectoralM  reaching  to  front  of  anal, 
l^  in  head.  Color  of  young  in  life,  ^recnisb,  with  about  8  vary  nar- 
row vertical  paler  bars  im  body;  scalew  of  lower  ]iart  of  sides  with  cen- 
tral orange  spot'H,  forming  faint  Htreaks  along  the  iimva  of  scales;  belly 
pearly  ;  bead  gn'euish  ;  u  blackish  Htreak  from  Huout  through  eye  to  nape; 
a  narrow,  sharply  dritned  blue  Htri|ie  below  cyi:<  from  snoui,  to  :ingl«  of 
opercle:  no  lutenil  spot;  Hjiinous  dornal  edged  with  orange;  veutrals, 
aniil,  and  caudal  palo  orungc-yellow;  pectorals  paler.  The  adult  exam- 
ple* differ  from  the  young  iu  the  \'ertical  bar;)  being  fainter  or  obaolnte, 
and  in  the  absence,  nsnally,  of  the  bine  stripe  below  eye  and  the  dark 
•(ripe  ou  temporal  region;  the  Moft  dorsal,  anal,  and  caudal  are  always 
yellow,  of  varying  intensity,  and  the  edge  of  the!<]dnoU8  dorsal  is  orange, 
not  dusky;  the  whitish  area  below  the  eye,  very  constant  in  y.jocii,  is 
wanting  iu  .V.  ajiodun.  Leugth  of  8])c<dmon  destribed  from  Key  West,  U 
innbee.  West  Indies;  north  to  Key  West,  south  to  liiibia.  Stniyiiii; 
north  rarely  to  Woods  Hole,  (it,  privative;  iruvf,  foot;  t'atesby  bavinn 
neglected  to  add  )>ectoral  tins  to  }>is  rongh  drawing;  eoria  is  the  ]iltiral 
of  the  Cuban  name  eaji,  formerly  Npelled  caxi.) 

fftrea  inan'iia  jiinnii  hranfliialihut  earenn  (Srlimilniiistwr).  <  'ATKSUr,  MtaL  C^arullna,  elo., 
tab.  41.  1T43.  Bahamas;  llKiiri<  vevy  iiii«r.  Itie  |iBc't(jrul  lliis  oinltU<<]. 

r]*£t«.  PAkRA.  Dvtcr.  Dir.  I'ii-z;ui,  Hint.  Nat.,  pi.  R,  llg.  2.  1787,  Havana. 

tPtreaapinU  c' Koiistku,  Unul.  of  Aohii..  M.S.,  21,  "  1774;  |triiil«<l  1844),  WAiaAUH,  Arledi 
Piariiim,  351,  I7II'J:  lianed  on  tlio  .Sohmiliniuti-r  iif  CatksBT, 

Mparut carit,  Ituv'u  tc  Svbskidku.  tilitli.,  :84,  IROl,  Havana;  after  Pabra. 

Bfdiannt  tirutlut.  IlLixrn  jV  SciDiEraeR.  Syat.  Ii'blli..  .ri.*!.  pi.  flO.  1H0I,  West  Indlca;  mis- 
printrd  a'fioMnVirvjr.  p.  £,'^7;  railed  B.  fawiatut  on  jilatc. 

L\iljaHnt  aeutiroatrit,  Dbssuk&M',  I'reui.  Uec.  Iclitb.,  12,  pi.  9,  WHi,  Cuba. 


1260         Bulletin  4y,  United  States  National  Museum. 


JfMopn'on  eyTMxIttn,  CrriBB  &  VauCHCIBIIKCB,  HlaL  K«t  ToiM..  n.  «S5.  I8Z8.  Martinique; 

San  Oominco. 
Jfr^opriQH  l\nfa.  CtrviKR  Jt  T^iaKCtBMIfU,   Hllt.  Nat.  Poi«*..  ■■,  408,  1828,  Cuba;   San 

DocniDEO- 
jr««0}>rumytave««n>«,  ClTViBB  &  VALKNClCNiriia,  Hist.  Nat  I'oim..  il.  472.  1828,  Martinique. 
JfMoprivN  niTif,  Poky.  Rcpertorio.  ii.  2ea,  1848. 
Xruf>aniw  eoxif,  POEV,  Synopsis,  2B3,  1808;  POEX,  Enmueralio,  25,  187B;  JoKDAN  &  Swaik, 

t.  e.,  435;  JOBOAir  &  yssLKB,  i.e.,443. 


llUft.  AKOLKMS  AllCIKXTirEN-TKINlPotenl. 

(Tajioo  AVABIIXO.) 

Head  2f ;  dopth  2}.  D.  X,  14 ;  A.  Ill,  H;  sonle*  5-15-13;  45  porra.  Body 
formt^d  as  in  S.  apodiii,  moderately  i-omijri'saed,  the  back  considerably  ele- 
vati-d ;  ]jrotilL'  ntniight  or  slightly  cimcave  from  miotit  to  nape ;  the  nuchul 
ri>gi(>ii  rather  convex;  snout  long  ami  |>niiitnil,  :int>'rit>rly  somewhat  de- 
pre8»e<l,  it.'^  length  3  in  head  ;  eye  raodorate,  -t  J;  in  head ;  intcrorbitnl  i>pa«-e 
very  gently  convex,  its  width  Hi  in  heud;  luuiith  large,  maxillary  reach- 
iug  a  little  past  front  of  oriiit,  its  It-iigth  ',i  iu  head;  upper  jaw  with  two 
strong  caniues  in  front,  rather  weaker  tliau  in  ^V.  npodas;  lower  jaw  with 
the  teeth  iu  the  outer  Reries  enlarged,  8ume  of  the  lateral  teeth  largest, 
but  scarcely  canioelike;  teeth  on  tongue  in  a  «rngle  large,  oblong  ]iati'h ; 
tuetli  oil  vomer  foraiing  an  arru\v'-Bha|i&<l  patch,  witli  a  long  backw.-iril 
]irul<>ngation  on  the  median  line.  Gil)  riikerM  rather  few  and  sliort,  about 
7  on  lower  partol'  anterinr  arch,  these  uot  preceded  hy  ru<iiineutH.  Preo- 
pende  with  its  jiouterior  margin  extending  downw.trtl  ami  forward,  very 
weakly  emargm.  te,  tintdy  serrate  above,  uhiiOBt  entire  at  the  angle. 
Scale*  large,  luucb  as  in  .V.  apodut,  the  series  above  the  lateral  line  almost 
liorizoiital,  and  thrungliont  piiriiUui  with  the  lat>Tiil  Line;  scales  below 
lateral  line  anteriorly  iu  series  running  somewhat  upward  and  backward; 
posteriorly  iu  horizontal  series;  ti  rows  of  Hciiles  <>n  the  cheek;  a  band  of 
about  3  series  of  rather  large  soales  on  the  temporal  region;  soft  doraid 
and  iiual  scaly;  tnbe.s  of  lateral  line  each  with  4  or  5  branches.  Dorsal 
Bpiues  stroug,  the  longest  2f,  in  betnl;  margin  of  soft  <lorNal  well  roni)de<l, 
the  middle  rays  3  in  bead;  candal  uot  deeply  forke<l,  the  upper  lobe  1^ 
in  head;  antil  fin  rather  bii;h,  somewhat  rotiiiiled.  the  louge«t  rays  2^  in 
head;  aiuil  spine."*  strong,  the  second  stronger  and  lar^^er  tliuu  third,  3^  in 
bead;  ventrals  2  in  head;  pectorals  reacdiitig  about  to  front  of  anal,  l^ 
in  heiul.  Color  in  spirits,  brownish  above,  paler  below ;  each  scab-  of  sides 
somewhat  silvery  near  its  middle,  these  forming  narrow  and  rather  ilia- 
linct  dull  silvery  streaks  which  follow  the  direction  of  the  rows  ofMcaleii; 
a  bluish  horizontal  streak  below  eye,  ino.st  distinct  in  young  exaniplvs; 
fins  p;»Ie;  back  olivaceous,  .interior  part,-*  wsshcd  with  maroon-red.  bright 
on  sideh  of  head,  becoming  more  orange  posteriorly :  posterior  half  of  bod\ 
bright  yellow;  some  pale  streaks  on  scales;  pectorals  light  orange-red; 
other  flns  mostly  bright  yellow;  a  row  of  round  blue  spots  below  eve; 
belly  silvery,  slightly  washed  with  rod;  insideof  mouth  white;  iris  white. 
The  above  description  is  from  a  specimen  from  Mazatlaii  1 1  inches  in 
length.  Length  2  feet.  Pacitic  coast  of  tropical  America,  generally  com- 
mon oa  the  Pacific  court  of  Mexico  and  Ceutrul  America.    It  bears  consld- 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1261 


enble  reaemblanoe  to  N.  apodut,  jocu,  und  griteut,  but  is  diBtinct  firom  all 
these.     (ai^MlMtti,  silver;  renter,  holly.) 

MMopricn  arfntittntrU,  Pbtrbs,  Iterlln.  HonsUber.,  704,  1369,  Maxatlan. 

Xiutjattu*  ttrgmtivmlrit,  Johuaic  &  Swaj.y,  /.  «.,  4:i4  -,  Kviuiiiaj«m  ic  Jenkinii,  Ptoo.  IT.  S. 

NkL  Hail.  laSl,  140;  JuBI>AK  A.  Fmucit,  2.  c.  444. 
Lutianu*  arfgaHtmttns,  JoRDAX,  Fialies  Siuftloa,  4&5. 

I0B7.  NKOH.RM!S  Ll'TJANOIDEK  (Poey). 

This  species  is  known  'mly  frnm  Poey'H  ilescription.  Its  deecriber  bos 
snggcMted  tbe  possiUility  nT  its  Iioiiig  a  hyHriil  bt^tw&eii  (h'iiaru»  vhryimrui 
and  yeomu-niii  apodn*.     Tbe  following  is  I'ocy's  uriginal  description  : 

The  UBb,  if  mil  umloabUMlly  IwUmifinK  to  tho  gunaa  Oeyurui  of  I'rofe»9or  Gill,  of  wlik-b 
tba  Uttopriun  chryturut  ii«  the  type,  numes  nearer  to  it  than  to  any  other  geooi,  by  the  War- 
oattoo  of  \Ut  raiidal  <UK^i>er  thnn  in  Lutjanui  jvcu,  earit,  eabalkrote.  etc.  Tbe  pointed 
giDuut  and  the  lung  cauino«  would  bring  i  t  aiDong  theae  laal.  Kroni  itsoolon  tbe  fUbonoeu 
arplpd  tncoiialiler  It  a  hybrid  U^tweeu  the  JT.  cArytunw  and  tbe  A*,  eoriji.  They  often  thoa 
difi]ioae  of  ■  De«r  ttah,  aa  in  the  caae  of  the  Oeffiirut  ambujuut  and  aiiromtlatui.  Bnt  aa 
mirh  hybrids  are  rare  among  Ash,  and eapeeially  »u  aiiiuui;  thi'ao  gouora,  ilia,  I  l>L-lieTo, 
riKbl  to  vonaldor  tbe  ;ireacnt  apeeiea  aa  a  good  use.  Tbe  total  loogtb  'JSfl  tnUlimetcrg,  or 
11.45  lucbea.  Tbe  bnigliL  of  thn  body,  ei|nal  to  the  Irogth  of  the  bead,  is  runtaiucd  3| 
tiinea  in  the  total  length.  The  eye  is  ratlier  high  up.  and  half  way  from  itnoiit  to  tip  of 
opercle,  The  noatrilxar?  on  tbe  middle  of  the  snoot,  ralbor  wide  apart  tliti  po.slerinroue 
oblong.  The  luoalb  la  small,  for  the  end*  of  tbe  maxillariea  are  undrr  ttie  p««ti'rior  nos- 
tril. Tbe  preopercle  In  only  Mli^^btly  notched,  Hnely  denticubit^Hl ;  tbe  opvrrle  without  a 
spinoun  iKiiitt.  The  l««th  are  in  one  row,  the  canines  rather  lung,  and  ttehind  tbeiii  there 
am  aaperltieSi  tbe  palatine  arch  has  loetla  and  tbe  tongae  is  rough.  Tbe  lateral  line 
has  about  55  scales,  0  rows  above  and  IS  Mow  It  i  there  are  scalN  oo  the  apt>rcl«H  and 
templea,  the  rest  of  tl>e  head  naked.  Tbe  scapular  bones  ahawoiitniiln.  There  are  very 
aoall  stales  on  the  interatitial  base  of  tho  soft  raya  of  the  rt-rlicai  Hu.  D,  111,  14; 
A.  8,  8.  Tbe  posterior  bordent  of  tho  dorsal  and  anal  are  ruundeil.  Tho  caudal  Ivbus  aro 
elongated,  bat  loss  so  than  iu  the  Jf.  <:Arvn'ru«.  Tbe  ptntoral  is  poiuled,  nintaiiied  4^ 
tiinra  in  the  total  length.  The  three  drat  spiny  rays  of  tht>  dorsal  gradually  locreaiui  in 
length,  the  last,  or  tenth  one,  not  longer  than  tho  preceding  ones.  The  soft  rays  of  the 
dorsal  and  anal  are  all  branched  and  tlaltencd.  Tbe  color  is  a  brownish-green,  tbe  sbdo- 
men  paler,  fi  brown  bands  fall  vertical}'  from  bsck  over  the  sides;  n  broad  and  Inter- 
rupted Htript?  of  a  greeuish  color  eii l«nds  from  the  npper  part  of  tho  opercle  tv  tbe  busr  of 
Ibo  caudal,  ronecubling  Oeyurut  chryturui  and  aurerittatu.  I  Lave  seen  this  flHh  but 
«Bee,  and  I  sent  tbe  specimeii  to  the  United  States,  either  Iu  Profeasur  Agassiz  or  to  Mr. 
Breroort.    It  bean  luy  Xo.  193, 

Cuba;  one  specimen  known,    (Lutjanui;  e{($o$,  likeness.) 

OcytinMll(^l»M<lM,PoKV,  .\nii   Lyo.  Nat   Hist.  N,T..  is,  1871.  310,  Cuba. 
Lut^nur  hi^amoUt,  PuKT,  Enumeratio,  80,  1875;  JOHDAN  &  Swain,  I.  c,  45f);  Jorda:*  ft 
.  (,  e..  US. 


IBM.  XKUa.i:M,S  BCCCAITELLA  (Cavier  Sc  Valenciennes) 
rSU  Bl  hO  ALTO;  OaXtUJl  NOtBB;   nonCANELLB:   BlACK-riN  SHAPPBK.) 

Head  24;  depth  2!|.  D.  X,  14;  A  111,8;  scales  8-«3-l;">,  ."VO  pores.  Diiily 
rather  slender,  snbelliptical,  the  back  luuderiit-i-ly  elevati'd;  ^irolile  atmost 
straight  frotu  snout  tunupe,  tlieui'e convex ;  rduuI  rnthc-r  long  and  pniDteil, 
Si  in  bead;  t<ye  Large,  3|  In  beoil.  luterorbital  upaci-  slightly  i-otivex, 
5j  In  head,  the  occipital  ridge  low:  prBurbital  ratiicr  narrow,  7^  in  bead; 
month  rather  small,  the  jaws  Babe<{uul ;  uiaxillury  roacliing  almost  to  front 


1262  Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 

of  pnpil,  2?  in  head;  upper  jaw  with  a  narn>w  band  of  villiform  teeth, 
outside  (if  which  \»  a  soriua  (>f  nindcrately  Bnlar^rd  teeth;  4  rather  strong 
cnniiies,  2  uf  them  longer,  about  i  diauiett^r  of  pupil;  lower  jaw  with 
n  i«ingle  serieti  uf  une<)iial  tefth  as  otrong  as  iipp<-r;  inside  uf  those  is 
a  tiiiTTow  band  of  ^^lliforIn  teeth  in  front  of  jaw  only;  tongue  with  u 
single  lonji  oval  patrh  of  teeth,  its  length  more  than  twice  its  width; 
vomer  with  a  broadly  »rrow-sha|H-d  patch  of  te(<ih  with  n  backward 
prolongation  uii  nii-dian  lino,  its  length  scarcely  greater  than  width 
of  patch  in  front;  no  t«etli  on  pterygoid  or  hyoid  bones,  (iill  rakera 
imuiiMons,  about  111  deA'clojicd  <ni  lower  part  of  arch,  besides  5  or  fi  very 
small  or  rudimentary  ones,  thosu  near  the  angle  larger,  their  length  2\ 
ill  eye.  Treopercle  with  it-*  postt'rior  margin  oblique  and  nearly  straight, 
a  broad  and  rather  Khallow  notch  above  its  angle,  its  edge  strongly  84'r- 
rat«,  tb«  teeth  coarser  at  angle  an«l  on  lower  limb.  Scales  rather  gmall, 
tbc  rows  above  the  lateral  line  riiuuiug  upwiird  and  backward,  the  rows 
below  nearly  borir.ontal;  ubont  6  rows  of  Hcaleii  on  th><  cheeks,  1  or  3 
rows  ou  iutcroperdc,  I  row  on  snbopercle,  7  or  8  rows  on  operclc;  bases 
of  Hoft  dorsal  and  anal  ncaly,  the  outline  of  the  fins  rather  strongly 
convex;  temporal  region  with  a  band  of  large  scales,  behind  which  are 
Nmall  Hcales;  top  of  Lead,  snout,  and  jaws  naked.  Dorsal  spines  moil- 
erately  strong,  the  fifth  spine  2^  in  head,  the  tenth  spine  ;t^  in  he^ul ; 
margin  of  soft  ilorHal  nearly  Htraigtit,  its  rayM  alninst  of  eijnal  length, 
M}  in  head;  caudal  moderately  forked,  the  nppur  lobe  slightly  ttio  longer, 
1}  length  of  iDiddlo  rnVB,  which  are  '1\  in  head;  iniirgiii  uf  aiiul  gently 
convex,  the  mi<ldlc  rays  slightly  longer  than  h(i«t,  2|t  in  head,  the  tip  of 
llrat  soft  ray  almost  reaching  ti|i  of  last  ray  when  the  tin  is  depressed; 
anal  spines  t^troug,  the  second  longer  and  stronger  than  third  spine,  2}  in 
bead;  ventrals  It  in  beiid;  |iectoralH  reaching  opposite  tirat  soft  ray  of 
anal,  \\  in  hcail.  (.'olor  in  life  crimson,  silvery  below,  llnshcd  with  crimson ; 
axil  and  biise  of  |>ectoriil8  jet-black  ;  eye  orange;  dorsal  crimson,  itv^  edge 
scarlet;  caudal  orange-yellow,  a<«  also  part  of  caudal  piHlunclo;  lost  rays 
of  soft  dorsal,  most  of  un-il  and  ventrals,  yellow ;  pectoralH,  base  of  anal, 
and  ventral  !4]>ine.'4  pinkish.  In  spirits  the  bright  colors  fade,  leaving  the 
hody  pale  retldish,  the  base  of  the  pectoral  within  ami  without  jet-black. 
West  Indies;  a  small  and  strongly  marked  Hpccies,  common  in  the  deeper 
waters  about  Havana,  and  known  in  the  markets  as  lesi'or  tegi  dt  lu  alto, 
{boucanelle,  a  name  used  in  Martinique.) 

Unvprion  tnuranella,  (.'irviBB  ic  VALEHCIRNirBS.  HlsU  KM.  ToUs.,  II.  4oS,  1828,  Msrti- 

niquc;  (lOTcriiEK.  Cat.,  I.  198. 
Mctiiprion  eaudanntatxi;  Vavt,  Ucmoriaii,  I,  |>1.3,  fl|;.3,  MO,  1851,  Cuba. 
L<ilj'inu»  l/iieranella,  I'oEY.  Syi)n|ii>u,  205,  186l<l:  Jorda^n  k  .Swain.  t.c.,t*i;  Jokuam,  Proc. 

U.S.  Kat.  Mu*.  1889,  6W;  JORDAN  Sl  FEhLIB,  Lc.,U6. 


lasn.  >'KOM.F.XI8  riTA?riTS  (Cnvier  Ic  Val«>ncleaiio«). 
<Pak>hi  he  lo  Alto:  Silx  SsArrKB.) 

Head  2|:  depth  .1.  D.  X,  11;  A.  Ill,  8;  scales  (7)  R-72-I7,  BO  pore*. 
Body  rather  slender,  enbellipticiil,  the  back  not  greatly  elevated;  profile 
very  slightly  convex  from  snout  to  nape,  thence  more  arche<l;  snout  rather 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1263 


long  and  potnti>ii,  3  hi  head;  eyeratborloTKe,  4in  bend;  interorbital  Bpuce 
Aligbtly  convex,  -tf  in  bead,  tbo  occipital  keel  not  very  prominent;  preor- 
l>itiil  ratber  broad, 'il  in  bi-:ul;  month  rather  aniull ;  jaws  Biili«<|UtiI;  niax- 
iilary  reaching  frout  of  {inpil,  '1\  in  Uctud;  upjtorjaw  with  a  ntirruw  band 
uf  villiforni  teeth,  outKido  ai  wliicli  w  n  Hin^Io  acrica  of  well-ib<v«1o|icd 
l««tli ;  I  nioderiiti'  ciinines  iu  front  of  jnw,  the  'i  longeKl  about  i  diame- 
ter ofpnpil;  lowtM-  jaw  with  li  single  neriojt  of  ratlier  Iarjr<',  uuuqnal 
tf«th,  inside  iti'  wbicb  is  ii  very  narrow  band  of  villiforni  tet'tb  in  front  of 
ja%v  otdy;  tonjjiie  with  au  oval  patch  of  teotb,  aliout  twice  as  long  as 
broad,  ill  front  of  wliich  is  a  roundish  patch;  no  t<.<clb  on  liyoid  bone; 
ptreyjjoids  tootbleH>i:  vomer  with  a  liroadly  arrow-sliaped  patch  of  teeth, 
with  a  backward  prolongation  on  median  line  somewhat  longer  than  wicltb 
of  the  pat'Oh  in  front.  (!ill  rakers  slender,  their  length  almost  (-iiiiiil  to 
\  diameter  of  eyi-,  about  11  devalo|ifd  below  the  angle,  in  front  of  these 
abont  5  mdiinentrf.  I'rcopercle  with  posterior  liinb  slanting  slightly 
downward  and  forward,  with  a  broad  and  rutluT  sliallow  cniarginntion, 
it*  margin  finely  si-rrat*  above;  coarser  teeth  at  the  angle  and  on  lower 
limb;  posterior  iiOHtril  oval.  Soab-s  very  small,  the  rows  runDing  oldi<)nely 
npwnrd  and  backward  above  the  lateral  Hue,  the  rows  being  nluiost  bori- 
'/oiital;  7  rows  of  scales  on  oheek,  2  rows  on  interopercle,  1 J  rows  on  siib- 
operule,  and  about  8  ou  o|>«rcle;  teuiportit  region  with  1  row  of  largo 
■calea  behind  which  are  smaller  ones;  top  of  head,  snout,  and  jaws  nuked; 
baSMof  soft  dorsal  and  anal  scaly.  Dorsal  spines  rather  .strong,  tlieiiutlino 
of  fin  rather  strongly  convex  nndwitUout  deep  cniarginntion,  fourth  spino 
longest,  li.  ill  bead;  tlie  teutb,  'i-,  iu  bead;  margin  of  soft  dorsal  --traiglit- 
ish,  rounded  behind,  the  uintb  ray  longest,  U  length  of  lirstniidtwo  times 
last  ray,  2i  in  hi'ad;  caud.il  Itiiiate,  the  ii]tper  lobe  nligbtly  lunger  than 
lower,  its  length  H  times  uiiildlo  rays,  which  are  2  in  head;  margin  of 
nnul  angulate,  the  miiblle  rays  longest,  2  times  length  of  last  ray,  li( 
in  head,  the  first  ray  ntachiug  almost  to  tip  of  Iu.st  ray,  when  tbo  tin  is 
depressed;  voutrals  li{  in  head;  pectonils  not  <|uit«  reaching  frotitofaual, 
U  in  head;  second  anal  spine  slightly  longer  tlino  third,  3i  in  bead, 
•  'olor  in  life,  bright  rose-color,  paler  below,  some  narrow,  imdidating, 
light  golden  streaks  following  the  rows  of  seules  above  tbu  lateral  line; 
iris  always  bright  yellow  (an  important  color  mark);  muiitb  reddish 
■within;  traces  of  dark  lati'ral  spot  in  most  specinieiis;  dorsal  rosy,  its 
b.'ise  pule,  its  edge  yellow;  caitdat  rosy,  dusky  behind,  sometiiiM's  blood- 
red  at  tip;  pectorals  very  pale  yidlow.  voutrals  aud  aunl  pale  rosy,  tbo 
latter  yellowish  behind.  The  bright  colors  all  fade  uud  dbappear  in 
spirit*.  The  scales  of  the  njjjier  parts,  in  spirits,  are  inarkeii  with  dark 
dots,  which  form  streaks  along  the  rows  of  snalea.  i)e«iTi  bed  from  a  spec- 
imen from  r'nba,  1(1  inches  in  length.  West  Indies.  A  biiiulsome  species, 
rather  common  in  the  markets  of  Havana,  where  it  is  known  as  tbey»(r(/o 
tie  to  alto.  When  fresh  it  may  always  be  known  by  the  iiright  yellow  color 
of  the  eye,  a  color  which  does  imt  entirely  fade  in  siitritit.  (From  the 
French  name  riroi/ef,  usedatMurtini(|iie,  probably  allied  to  rtvnx,  "lively.'') 

Mnaprum  rlniniM,  CDVIEK  &  VAlJIKClBmcBS.  Hist.  Nnt.  Pnlss..  II.  I.'M.  1B2R.  Martinique. 
Jlr*v$)rinn  i/re/UnduJi,  Poey.  MeinuriuH,  n,  150,  ISIW,  Cuba-,  Jurua.v  ,1:  :>»'ju.\,  l.e.i-U. 


1264  Bulletin  47,  United  States  Naiiemal  Museum. 


Lutjantu  torniu$,  CopK,  TrariM.  Am.  Pliiloii.  Soc,  1860,  468,  St.  Kitts, 

LutjanuM  pvrptiTeun.  PoET,  EiiiiiiK^nilir),  29, 1876  (DBine  lakfn  fmni  itrtcprion  yurpunvs, 

CUVIKH  ii.  VALBKriRNNES,  Iliiit  Nat,  Poiu.,  11,471,  1828;  tllvnlUTl(^/(ur]>urnwerideIlUy 

a  rIIi*  u(  tb«  i>«a  for  ni/a). 
Mftoprion  aya,  CrvtKK  k  V AUaictKSllta,  Hlat.  Hat.  Potn.,  ii,  4S7,  1828;  OttirrBVB,  Cat., 

t.  108,  I860. 
Lutjaniui  pro/undtu,  Por,  Enameratlo.  28,  1875. 
lyuljatiu*  n'rantu,  >IoiU>AN,  Pn)«.  IT.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1880,  A48:  JokdAN  ft.  FisLRR,  L  c.  44S. 


1040.  RE0II£M8  AVA  '  (BloclU. 
(RKS  SNAPPKK;   PABOO  C'iiLiiKAImi.   I'AKfX:)  UrACHINANOO;  ACARA  ATA.) 

Head  2?;  depth  2?.  D,  X,  14;  A.  Ill,  9;  acmlcs  (7)  H-60-15,  pores  id. 
Body  rathiT  di^ep,  iiKxicraUily  cotnprpBsed,  the  bai-k  well  elevated,  pro- 
iile  Bteep.  ami  ulmnflt  straight  from  8iimit  to  n:tpe.  Snuiit  rather  poiDt«d, 
2i  in  head;  eye  lumlcrate,  5|  iu  heiid  (lar^'er  in  yuuiiK).  loterorbital 
■pace  an)^iilat«  or  utrongly  convex,  5  in  bead;  opcipttul  keel  strong;  prtv 
orbital  rather  brotvd,  5  in  heiwt;  moutL  rather  hirge,  maxillary  reaching 
front  of  orbit,  2^  in  head;  npper  jnw  with  ii  narrow  l)ftnd  of  viDiforni 
teeth,  outside  of  vrhirh  is  a  row  of  larger  but  comparatively  Miuall  teeth; 
4  canines  in  front,  2  (soiuotiuicH  dnplicatd)  uf  them  l:ir;;or,  their  length 
abont  i  diameter  of  eye;  lower  jaw  with  a  single  row  of  rather  siuall 
teeth,  uaniiUy  largest  on  sido  of  ,juw,  -where  some  of  them  are  almost 
c-aninelike;  within  ihcAe  is  n  very  niirrow  l)iind  of  villiform  teeth  in  front 
tif  jaw  only;  (tuigue  with  a  hronti  oviil  putcU  of  teeth,  scarcely  twice  as 
broad  &»  l<oig;  iu  front  of  this  p.-ttrb  is  a  small  irregnlar  patch;  roiner 
with  a  broadly  :irrow-sh.api'd  patch,  with  a,  rather  short  backward  pro- 
longation on  median  lino,  its  length  about  e(|iialluK  width  of  pateh  in 
front.  Gill  nikerH  moderate,  their  louglh  about  i  diameter  of  eye,  8  on 
lower  arch.  I'reopercle  with  its  pooterioi*  margin  about  Tortical,  its 
emargiiiiition  deep,  its  edge  rather  fmely  serratii  above,  cfmrser  at  the 
angle,  dentate  on  the  lower  border.  S^jilea  rather  large,  tlR>  rows  hori- 
zontal below  lateral  line,  the  rows'  above  running  backward  and  upward ;  6 
rows  of  Btaiea  on  cheek,  1  on  the  intei-oiicrele,  1  on  subojiercle,  and  7  on 
operole;  bases  of  soft  dorsal  and  anal  scaly  ;  pores  of  lateral  line  brnnohed; 
tcujponil  region  with  .i  broad  band  of  scales,  with  a  few  scattering  ones 
below  it;  top  of  head,  suont,  and  jaws  naked.  Dorsal  spines  rather 
strong,  the  outline  of  the  ilu  moderately  convex,  the  fourth  and  fifth 
spines  longest,  2i  in  head;  the  tenth  spine  abont  1  in  head;  margin  of 
soft  dorsal  nearly  straight,  the  lin  pointed  beliind  ;  the  middle  rays  little 
longer  than  first  ray,  Ii  length  of  last,  3  iu  head  ;  caudal  lunate,  the  upper 
lobe  scarcely  longerthau  lower,  its  length  1|  times  length  of  middle  rays, 


*  The  type  of  MuoprUm  camptekartv*  exanitTi«d  fay  ni  at  Haraoa  in  •  itolTM  skin  of  a 
Toang  flan,  apparently  l>»lni)!;ini;  tu  tkji  npexteii.  In  this  iipocinien  the  eye  ia  larger  than 
It  ihonld  bo  ID  a  red  inaiiper  ul'  lliiilitizit.  it  lii'iiij:,  tu  Po«y  baa  wtmotly  ntatod.  4  in  head. 
This  lar|re  aiie  is,  honrevur,  |ir<:>lii>l>ly  iliif  to  tl>c  nhrlnkage  of  Uic  orbit  in  dryioK.  Po«y 
nlao  coiiDlo  "6A  ncali'i*  uImi-vp  tiio  latrriU  linr  and  53  helow,"a  lareer  uiiinbcr  tban  other* 
count  ill  tliiit  i<j)c<-icn  TliE»  difiert-no<>  in  ilaiibtlesa  dependent  on  vie  nif^tlnHl  of  ooiintins. 
The  type  pf  LittjaintM  bltic}^iirdi  ia  taf  c^anriio  tbe  preaent  speolee,  and  tbe^  first  good 
deacriptlon  of  thp  Bpociuii  l>  tliiit  jiiibliiilied  liy  Gooae  fc  Bean  under  tt>l!<  name.  We  are 
forced,  howpvcr.  to  nilliero  fi>  iiiir  •iHi'iDitl  view,  that  the  DAme  (amjifehaiim  certainly 
belonpo  to  tlie  aamiv  tjhii.  and  tlie  aliN  oldor  nameaya  ia  aa  wvi]  Riiilinntirated  afi  tbo 
nanic*  given  by  Illoth  ari'  likoly  to  hv-  Wi.  can  not  therefore  nako  iu»e  of  the  «am« 
UaeV>''d>  aa  t^e  apecihc  name  u'f  tbe  red  anapper. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     11265 


whicli  arc  If  in  head;  margin  of  nnal  strongly  anj^nlate,  tlin  middle  rayH 
ri<H(:bi)ig  neiirly  to  bu»e  of  caudal,  3^  len^b  of  laat  ray,  \i;  in  liead;  the 
first  ray  roarhei)  about  to  middle  of  last  ray  wbeu  the  fin  is  depressed ; 
anal  Hpiu<»!<  atrong,  the  aeroiid  .scarcely  ah  long  aa  third,  4  in  head; 
ventralji  If  iu  bead;  ]>«ctornlH  reu<'biug  to  front  of  anal  t1u,  \\  in  head. 
Color  in  lift",  deep  rose-rwl,  paler  on  throat;  bluish  streuka  along  rows  of 
scalo«,  above  becoming  fainter  and  disappearing  with  age;  (ins  brick-red; 
doraal  bordered  with  oninge,  with  a  narrow  blackit<h  edge:  caudal  nar- 
rowly eilgtMl  with  blackish ;  eye  red ;  a  large  blackish  blotch  above  liit«ral 
linn  and  below  fiont  rayn  of  soft  dorsal  in  yoang  apecimenn,  this  spot  dia- 
apjiearintf  with  "ge;  htiI  of  pectoral  dusky.  Length  2  to  24  feet.  De- 
•icrit^d  from  a  specimen  from  ott'  Key  West,  It!  inches  in  length.  Long 
ImUDd  to  Braeil,  un  rocky  banks  in  rather  deep  water;  especially  abund- 
ant in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  off  Cape  San  Bias  luid  abont  Yucatan.  The 
most  valuable  food-fish  of  the  genus  in  the  waters  of  tho  United  States; 
laki'n  iu  great  numbers  off  Peusacola  iin<l  Key  West.  On  the  American 
roast  it  is  known  every  where  a«  "  red  nnappcr"orto  the  Spaniards  as 
yargo  rvlorailo.  In  Havana  it  bears  the  name  pargo  yuarhinango,"iiex- 
icAn  .Snappur,"  becanso  it  is  brought  to  that  city  from  the  Mexican  coast. 
According  to  I'o»<y  it  is  couir>arativnly  rare  in  Cuban  waters,  although 
daily  itven  in  the  markets.  Specimens  from  Rio  Janeiro  examined  by  us 
MCem  to  be  identical  with  the  common  red  snapper.  OccitsiDnally  straying 
aortb  to  Woods  Hole.     (From  the  PortagucHC  name,  Aiitra  aya.) 

AMra  Mva,  lUaooaArv,  Hist.  Itra^l.,  Mft,  168,  IMS.  Bracil. 
AorfWtnHj  aya,  Outotl,  InfaUi..  227.  t79U,  Braiil;  sAer  MABOOIuva. 

AkHSftiM  rvlttr.  Uum'H  St.  BcHXEaiKB,  Syst.  Icbt.h.,  330,  1801,  Brazil;  based  on  Habc- 
aaavii.  . 

Mttopri*^  tam-ptahaniu,  J'ocr,  Hemorlua.  U,  149,  IBflO,  Campeche. 

Z«^«n««  itMlffurdi.  (UxiDK  &  Bea](.  Proc.  U.  .S.  Nat.  Mas.  I(r78,  17«,  Pensacola  (Type, 

N'n.  21X10.   ColL  SlUa  8l«anis) ;  JoROAM  &.  GluicaT,  Sj^opaia.  M9. 
lMlj*nut  e<iimp*ti>i«mi;  Pmcv,  Syuopsis,  2M,  1868;  Jokhak  6t.  Gu.BKaT,  Synopsis,  921. 
Lvl)»nuM  aya,  irm>tiC.  BuIL  U.  9.  Nat  Mas.,  v,  S5. 1876 ;  JonDAN  &  FBSLBB,  t. «.. M7. 
Luij«nut  ritanu*.  JobdaM  ti.  Swaik,  (.  «.,  '153;  not  type. 


IMl.  incOMUNIK  ANiXM  (Covior  &  ValeaeUmnea). 

(UnTTON-rMR:  Pabiio!  Pajmo  CaioUiO.) 

HciMi  2j;  ilepth  2f.  D.  X,  14;  A.  Ill,  8;  scales  (7)  10-67-17,  pores  51. 
Body  rather  deep  and  compressed,  the  back  rather  strongly  elevat«d,  pro- 
<lliiste«p  aud  nearly  straight  A°ora  snout  to  napi';  enont  rather  long  and 
]>oiiit«<l,  2)  in  head;  eye  rather  small,  5f  in  head  in  specimens  a  foot  in 
length;  intcrorbital  space  gently  convex,  5i!  in  head;  occipital  keel  mod- 
erBl<  ;  preorbital  very  broad,  its  li^aat  width  4  iu  head;  mouth  moderate; 
maxillary  scarcely  reaching  front  of  orbit,  2^  in  bead;  upper  jaw  with  a 
narrow  band  of  villi  fonu  tt<etb,  outside  of  which  is  a  single  series  of  larger 
bntainall  toetb;  H  rather  strong  canines  iu  front,  4  of  them  larger,  about 
«<inalLiig  in  length  {  diameter  of  pupil;  lower  jaw  with  a  narrow  villi- 
fomj  band  In  front  only  und  a  series  of  larger  teeth  outaide;  these  unequal, 
larerxt  on  side  of  jaw,  some  of  them  almost  caninelike;  tongue  with 
a  aiu^e  very  small  patch  of  teeth  on  its  middle,  tbia  wiuitUij{  La  youug 


uxnmplc*;  t«eth  on  vomer  fonniTig  a  broadly  A-sliai>ed  patch,  without 
tiiivkwiird  iiriildugatiou  od  uiedian  Hue.  Gill  rakerH  uioderatc,  i  length 
of  diitiiieter  nf  vyv.,  about  H  on  lower  arch,  with  i>o  rudiments  l>«fore 
tlii'tii.  l'r(M>pc!rclo  with  its  posterior  margiu  almost  straight,  slauting 
({«iitl)' downward  and  forward,  the  unti'h  broad  and  very  shallow;  edge 
«(  ])i-<Mi|)or'l«>  ruihi<r  I'oarBely  Hi>rr«tf«,  most  so  ill  Ihi-i  niiglo;  sci>Ic8  nmall, 
till'  rowM  iidiiorit  Iiori/oiitiii  holow  the  liitonil  liti<>,  niiiiiing  hackwiird  and 
upward  iiliov«s  tiibos  of  liittTul  liu«<  brniiched;  iibotit  7  rows  of  HCikles 
on  th«  rhncks;  I  row  on  iuteiopert!t»,  1  on  Hnlvoi<«roK\  aud  about  H  on  oper- 
i'(c;  tt^mpoi'iil  rcgioji  with  about  «  rows  of  scales,  whl<:L  become  smaller 
posriTlorly ;  bases  of  soft  (lor»at  itDt)  aual  araly.  Oursiil  gpiiirs  weak  and 
•diMidiT,  thi'  oiitlliioof  tln^  lin  unt  greully  curved,  tliu  fourth  s|)ino  longest, 
^1  lit  head,  t\ui  ti'Uth  8]>ine  HJ  in  head;  margin  of  soft  dursiil  anKiilate, 
the  uiiith  ray  longest,  tivii-e  last  and  1|  tinie»  ttrst  ray,  2  in  head;  I'ciudul 
well  forktMl,  iippur  lobe  tho  longer,  1?  length  of  niiiidle  rays,  which  are 
iilionl  2,',  in  hi'arl ;  niial  angular,  .xiniijar  to  nofl  dcusiil.  the  middle  niys 
more  elrvati'd  lliau  in  nuy  other  siiecirs,  longest  2i  length  of  last,  2  in 
lioail ;  llrsl  ray  in-arly  tiuchiu>;  tip  of  last  when  Iho  lin  is  depressed;  the 
second  anil  third  anal  H|iiii*<s  rather  strong,  of  e(|in)1  length,  'ij  iu  bi'od ; 
t'l'iitraU  li(  In  !ir»d;  tii>(tt>nils  reaching  slightly  past  origin  of  uuul,  Iv',,-  in 
heail.  Coloi  ill  lifi',  dark  oiivo-gn-eii  above;  many  of  tho  scales  with  pah>- 
KliR'  « pi  lit,  thi'S»>  form  III;;  lrtej;iilur  oldiijoc  .ilrimk;*  upward  and  backward; 
niinilur  stripes  more  rrgiilar  and  iiurhtous  on  *'aodal  |>e<h]ncle  and  above 
auiil.  Ill  old  llshi'H  tlM-sr  blue  spots  and  streaks  disappear;  hi-lly  white, 
slroiigly  tiii;;i'd  \vilh  hrick-red;  about  6  narrow,  dusky,  vertical  bars,  a 
litlin  hroiiiler  than  the  iiitiTspacfS  aud  not  well  defined,  betweeu  gill 
opening  and  anal:  heail  hr(in/,e-oIive,'darkt-r  ahove:  a  hroad,  iinduhttiug, 
piuirl\  MlriMik  Irnm  snout  below  eye  to  upper  edge  of  gill  npi'ning;  a  nar- 
row bino  streak  fntui  uyi'  t(»  nostrils :  iris  tiery  rt'd  :  ]iectorals,  cuiulal,  anal, 
and  \<'ii(i'alH  briok-ri'il,  the  t'aadal  narrowly  iiiargiuc<l  with  blaok  and  little 
brou^i'd  Mbo\'e;  dorsal  reddish  along  the  rays  and  tips  of  lueinliraues,  other- 
wise yelluwinh;  distiiiet  lateral  blotoh  just  above  the  lateral  line  and 
below  the  jlrsl  soft  ray  on  dorsal,  about  as  large  a.^  pupil,  smaller  than 
ill  oihir  speeies  siinilsirly  marked,  and  seldom  disap]>eartng  with  age;  axil 
and  bar  aeross  base  of  j)ci-toral  above,  pale  or  dusky  olive.  In  spirits  the 
umrkniKs  boeoine  fainter,  the  lateral  blotch  and  the  bluish  streidcs  on  head 
noiially  persisting.  IU«scribed  from  a  specimen  from  Key  West,  11  inches 
In  leiigtii.  West  Indies;  rensaoola  to  Hra/il;  rather  common  at  Key  West; 
straying  north  lo  Woods  Hole;  the  most  im]>ort«nt  foo<l-tish  of  the  Uavaaa 
lunrkets,  beiui;  always  abnudant  aud  its  tie«h  always  healthfnl.  Itre.vhes 
II  lart(e  slfii  aud  its  lltvsh  is  fairly  flavored,  although  not  verj  delicate. 
<tfHiilM,  fhun  tlie  elevat«(l  anal  tin.) 

.lN>Ai.u  yH«rrH<  rnn^tUri  (MutMB  8«hk.  Catcmt.  Xat.  Dial.  CmvUml  1743,  Bahamas. 
»l^^*t>n^m  nt,nlii.  I  'I  VIKH  A  VALSMctaiam,  flirt.  Nal.  FoiM^  II,  ISl.  UBt,  Ssn  DomioBQ; 

IVtKir.  Moiiiuria*.  il,  IM.  )ii.  13,  ■(. IL  Utt. 
JTMsffMn  v>hm  '  IH'VI«»  A   VALamnBQiaB,  Btot.  »a».  Pvias..  n,  «S3.  lOa.  Martiaiqac; 

m<)rniRn.  CM.,  I,)W 


•  Ths  nsiiMv.  *naN#  ami  t**nt  M  Cvrtor  *  Valiailiasn  •«»  «•  »w»<»ie  ]"  «1>«»  tftftea 
lHlh.>iil  .i««M«n  il*»>rri«n  umIm  t«  MMltilM  br  VaUU»l  wlU.  .\  «m/«  -n  coiujiari- 
Miu  iM  i>  v^hal  <Aa 


JI/ftMr««>«  wmIm  ta  MaatiOed  br  VaUlaal  wl 
i|iWa.    itiii|ir<ia  rwaami  •»•  ifaarrihaJ  ••  i 


Head  2};  ilepth  ».  D,  X,  14;  A.  Ill,  7;  scales  5-t7-ll;  tubes  in  lat-enil 
line  17.  Hotly  couiiviinitivel.v  flee]i,  liiglicst  at  front  of  sjmhous  dursal.  anil 
with  ail  luijjio  lit  orij;Jn  <*!'  soft  tloiMal;  i>rolilD  oF  back  «vi>iily  urch«.«I  to 
origin  <tf  (IoihjiI  fin;  ventral  oiitliin!  rm-.tiliiu'ar  to  origin  uf  anal  lin,  tbc 
bate  of  whicli  fin  i.m  very  iili]ii|iiu  in  tln'  j'onng,  Ii-hb  bo  in  the  inUilt.  Sumit 
rttthersborl,  ie«8a<'nt«  tlian  in  A',  iiorcm/aitrintiis,  li-twlbiiit  J  loiif^th  of  head; 
muxillnry  r<iitcbin);  nearly  or  ipiito  to  vertical  from  front  ]>ii]ii!,  2J  iii  liood. 
Width  of  (iliifk  from  orbit  to  anfj;Ii->  of  preopercli^  Ii'hb  tlimi  oiiont.  Kye,  in 
adnit,  half  tlw  iiitororliitivl  uidtli  and  (  length  of  stiont,  proptrrtiuiiutely 
larger  in  tbc  young.  Vorti'ul  margin  of  preojiiTcIo  wilh  raitiuto.  even 
norrationa  for  its  pd tire  length:  a  shallow  cniargiiintifMi  abovf  tho  angle, 
which  itt  provided  with  i-uarMer,  but  Htill  iucou-spiciiuuH,  sorrationi^;  lower 
linil)  of  prcojHTcle  rmiihiMi  on  its  aiitirlnr  half;  uppor  jaw  with  a  very 
nuiTow  band  of  villifonii  teeth  buliiml  the  eonienl  tt^eth,  whirh  are  not 
very  large;  a  single  pair,  or  more  iisnully  two  iiuei|ual  pairs,  of  canineH  in 
front  of  iipjicr  jikw,  bptwwn  which  in  a  [fair  ufHtnall  teeth;  eunicul  teeth 
in  lower  jaw  larger  than  those  of  n|if>cr,  clone-set,  largest  iu  the  aiid*!le  of 
the  jaw,  bi>eoming  sni.iller  in  front  and  behind,  about  8  on  eaeh  side; 
vomerine  teeth  arranged  in  a  creseejit-nhaped  patch,  witbiutt  backward 
extenRiou  on  the  median  line;  toeth  on  tongnc^  in  1.'  patebeH.  a  roundish 
1  anteriorly,  usually  lornied  by  the  junt^tion  of  3  smaller  oncH,  ami  an 
uhlong  pateh  on  the  median  Hni<  behind  ihtH.  liill  rakers  dif^taiil,  few, 
the  longest  i  length  of  orbit,  their  tiniiilier  abont  t-f-7.  r>arsal  sjijnes 
strong,  the  fonrth  the  longest,  the  List  more  than  *  its  length,  the  foortli 
■pine  2t  in  head,  as  long  as  the  suont  in  the  adult,  a  little  longer  in  young; 
soft  dorsal  Hiid  una!  similnr  to  eai-b  other,  some  of  the  iiost-erinr  rays  of 
each  being  nonsidernbly  ele^ate4l,  the  lin  thus  heing  pointed  instead  of 
rounded  in  outline;  in  the  yonng  these  rays  are  ninch  longer  than  the 
dorsal  spines  and  slightly  longer  than  the  eaudal  peduuele;  in  the  adult 
they  are  tower  litit  still  longer  than  the  dorsal  spines;  longest  rays  of  anul 
about  i  hea<l ;  randal  not  deeply  eiuarginatc;  jieetfirala  long,  aeiitej  reach- 
ing to  or  beyond  vent,  1 1  in  bead;  ventrals  not  nearly  reaching  vent,  as 
long  as  suont  and  orbit;  anal  spines  strung,  the  second  rather  longer  titan 
thinl  and  a  little  stronger,  H^  i"  head.  Suales  rather  Hwiall,  the  series 
fonning  an  uugle  at  the  lat«"ral  line,  those  below  it  running  the  more 
obllqaely,  those  above  forming  nearly  horizontal  series  parallel  with 


Ur;:.  :    II '^)  iiicbe*  in  lenKlh.    The  only  tangibl»<li»t)netioo  wtiioli  wo  Hmt  in  iUb 

li"  111  is  Ihni  the  ejo  ht  onvnutli  tln>  lonj^th  of  tlii>  ln'jul,  »  liilc  in  .V   aiialu  of 

tilt  1  iie  nyo  in  S^  in  tlio  lif'iul.     \V»' lii^nitaLe  to  mlniit  -V.  rntfacfM*  as  di<»ttiirt  t'ntni 

N.  atmiiji  riiH  larprer  eyi^  and  ri-(Mi*r  eolffriit.ion  ),prlinjiH  indiriiTH*  fi  hperidn-n  fronh  iloejMT 
wMer  than  umial.  H]>i'i''lin<'iiK  (it  Mii.i  H|it«'ii-H  an*  iii  the  luunuuiu  al  Caubriilgu  fruiu  Nb«- 
•aa,  Kli>  Jauelni,  uiil  itiu  Linuiilu  <lo  Ni>rt«. 


1268  Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


the  lateral  line;  f>cale«  <<n  cbenka  in  about  7  ron-s,  1  roir  on  snbop«r(;1e 
and  about  7  on  npercle;  scali's  i>n  breast  very  Biuall,  mucb  smaller  than 
tbooe  on  operole;  soft  rays  of  verticil  hiis  with  acTouipanying  8erie»  of 
scales.  Coloratiou  in  life:  Above  dnrk  olivaceons,  eacL  soalo  with  tlin 
baoiil  ha.lf  dark  olivo-browu ;  wideB  with  or  without  some  silvery  luster 
at  biiHca  til' sciileti,  farming,  when  jireseut,  faint  lunj.'^ituiliiml  streakH;  bead 
and  lower  parts  nf  body  liri^ht  red,  especially  briubt  on  lower  pitrtM  of 
bend,  the  color  oxlendiiiK  up  on  tlie  sidea  for  11  varyin<^  distance;  upper 
jaw  and  uifixiltary  reddish;  nppi^r  ])!irts  of  head  dark  olivaceous;  Hcaloa 
on  sides  of  bead  without  dark  spats;  a,  niiich-lut«rrnpted  li^ht  blue  line 
from  middle  of  preorbital  nlunj^  snborbita!,  rarely  extoudinj;  brhiud  the 
orbit,  uiiich  lesa  distinct  than  in  N.  arijeiilicfntria,  and  disappearing  in 
alcofaol;  cheeks  somctimc-s  with  bluish  spots  or  lines;  inside  of  month 
r©d;  vdirtical  tins  vary  dark,  with  more  or  less  reddish;  spinuns  dorsal 
with  a  broad  median  streak  of  very  light  slaty  blue;  pectorals  and  ven- 
trals  reddish,  the  latter  with  dusky.  I^eujjth  2|  feet.  Gaaymas  to  Pitnanin; 
a  common  food-fisb;  here  described  frcini  the  original  type  from  Miuatlan. 
(Spanish,  Colorado,  red  (colored),  in  allusion  t(i  the  common  name,  Pargo 
viAorado, ) 

Zrutjaiiu*  falorado,  JosnAM  II  Oilbkbt,  PTOO.tr.  S.  Nat.  M118. 1881,33^,351, 355,  Maxattao 
(Types,  Nob.  28388,  28305,  28281,  fliid  J8383,  U.  8.  N.  M.  Coll.  IJr.  Uill«i'rl) ;  .Tokdak  Jt 
GlLMltT.  Bull.  U.S.  FUh  Coram.  1888,107. 110;  JoKOA.N  Jc  SWim, {. c. 457 ;  EVUUIANM 
&  Jexkins,  Proc.  U.S.Niit..  Mas.}8$t,  147;  Jomian  ii.  Frslxb,  I,  e.,  440. 
Xriitianu*  eoluratlu,  JoBDAjr,  Flahni  Sinaloa,  458. 

I64S.  >'EO]|.F.?tI)i  BRACHYPTEHUH  (Cop«). 

Head  2J;  depth  3.  D.  X,  12;  A.  Ill,  8;  scales  8-51-X,  47  pores.  Form 
of  A".  grittHH.  Maxillary  2^  in  bead,  reaching  to  paat  front  of  «"ye. 
Canines  very  small,  developed  in  njiper  jaw  only;  tungne  with  an 
oval  patch  of  teeth  ;  vomer  with  a  A-ahM|ied  patuh  of  teeth,  tb«re  being  a 
sbt'Tt  backward  projection  on  tb<5  median  line;  eye  rather  small,  \},  in 
head.  Gill  rukers  few,  arranj^fd  as  in  A',  grxscut.  Scales  above  lateral 
line  arranged  in  very  obli<iuu  seri<<s;  2  bands  of  small  scales  on  temporal 
region.  Aual  tin  low,  its  longest  rays 21!  in  head;  second  aual  spine  about 
as  loug  us  tliird,  ^l  in  head;  caudal  little  forked,  its  longest  rays  1^  in 
head;  pec  total  tin  jnhort,  lii  in  head.  Color  in  spirite,  olivaci'ons.  with 
'silvery  hister  below;  rows  of  obscnra  dnsky  spots  along  thi*  scales  <in 
sideH  and  yellowish  oblii|ne  streaks  above  the  lateral  lino;  fins  rather 
dark,  tbf  caudal  not  pale;  nn  black  lateral  spot.  The  above  account  is 
t«ken  from  I'rofcssor  Cope's  original  type  in  the  nnisoiim  of  the  Philadel- 
phia Aoaileniy  of  Sciences.  The  species  is  allied  to  A',  grttrun,  attbnngh 
apparently  distinct  from  that  species  and  from  all  others  known  to  us.  In 
its  technical  churact«ra  it  approaches  most  closely  to  N.  tymtgrii,  near 
which  species  it  is  convenient  to  place  it  iu  onr  analytical  key.  If  we 
suppose  the  type  of  A',  ambiffuiis  to  bo  a  hybrid,  tynagria-i-  chri/aitrua,  we  may 
snspect  A\  braokypteru$  to  represent  a  hybrid  of  (/rj»«fH«  and  ignagria.  The 
evidence  iu  the  latter  case  is  less  striking  than  iu  the  former.  Bahama 
Islands;  only  the  type  known,     {{ipaxvi,  short;  Wrt/jov,  lin.) 

Lutjanui  braehypUruM,  Core.  Traiit.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  1871, 470,  New  Providence;  JaaoAM& 
SWAOt,  L  e.,  447,  (IcscriliUon  frum  type  -.  .1  oiuian  Sl  KsfLEB,  L  e.,  449. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fiihes  of  North  America.     12G9 


1M4.  jrSOaC^lS  OFTTATCfl  (Steindachner). 

Head 21 ;  depth  21-  D.  X,  12  (rarely  XI.  11);  A.  III.  8;  scale*  (6)  7-55-15, 
53  pore*.  Body  oblong,  compreaaed,  the  back  rather  more  elevated  than 
in  y.  *jfno{fTi»,  the  anterior  profile  nearly  straight  froiu  snuDt  to  above  eye, 
thence  rather  strongly  convex;  auout  poiiit<>il,  rather  long,  3J^  in  head; 
eye  Itirge,  4^  in  head;  interurbital  spao'  gently  oouvex,  ita  width  5f  in 
head;  ooripital  keel  rather  prominent;  preorbitnl  narrow,  ita  least  width 
7  ill  head;  maxillary  ext«-ndiug  to  somi'wbat  beyond  front  of  orbit,  2-)^,,  in 
head.  Teeth  as  in  X.  tynagri*,  the  caninus  iu  upper  jaw  amall,  thosf  of 
lower  jaw  iocoDspirnons ;  tongue  with  a  single  lar^e  oblong  patch  nf  teetb  ; 
vomer  with  an  A-shaped  patch  of  teeth,  the  prolongation  on  the  median 
line  rather  short.  Oill  rakers  rather  loug,  altout  !4  on  lower  part  of  arch, 
with  a  few  rndimenta  in  front  of  them.  Foaterior  limb  i>f  preopercleextenU- 
ing downward  and  forward,  the  emargination  broad  and  rather  shallow; 
teeth  at  angle  of  preopercle  rather  coarse,  those  above  emargination  much 
finer,  resales  rather  large,  those  l>elow  lateral  Hue  in  aeriea  which  are 
almoat  horizontal,  thos<4  above  in  aeriea  which  arc  very  oblique  and  for  the 
moat  part  regular  and  nearly  straight ;  cheek  with  6  rows  of  scales,  inter- 
opercle  with  I;  temporal  region  with  a  8«-riee  of  large  scales,  before  and 
behind  which  is  a  broad  liaud  of  small  ones;  basct  of  soft  dorsal  and  anal 
scaly.  Doraal  apinea  rather  slender  and  weak,  the  outline  of  the  fin  gently 
convex,  the  loogeat  spine  2}  iu  head;  soft  dorsal  short  and  moderately 
high,  ita  margin  angulated,  the  eighth  ray  about  \  longer  than  laat 
ray,  and  2^  in  head;  caudal  Innate,  the  upper  lobe  1^  in  head;  anal 
moderate,  ronnded  in  outline,  its  longest  ray  2;  in  head;  first  aofl  ray 
reaching  tip  uf  last  ray  when  the  fin  is  depre8se<l;  second  anal  spine 
stronger  than  the  third  and  of  about  equal  length,  4i  in  head;  ventrals 
1|  in  bead;  pectorals  long,  nearly  reaching  front  of  anal,  Iji  iu  head. 
Color  in  spirits  brown  above,  the  sides  bright  silvery;  a  large  roand, 
black,  lateral  blotch,  as  large  as  eye,  on  lateral  line  bflow  front  of  soft 
dorsal;  each  scale  aliove  lateral  line  with  »  faint  darker  grayish  median 
spot,  these  forming  oblique  streakH ;  sides  of  head  often  with  similar  spota; 
two  fir  three  similar  streaks  often  present  below  lateral  line,  these  straight 
and  horizontal ;  each  xeries  of  scales  below  lateral  line  with  a  narrow  yel- 
low Htrii>e;  snout  and  preorbitol  with  dark  vermicnlations ;  fins  all  pale. 
In  life,  light  olivaceons  above,  the  markings  hron/e-olive ;  sides  pule 
crimson,  the  marks  more  yellow;  belly  golden-yellow;  scarlet  on  iris, 
yellow  about  eye;  first  dorsal  reddish,  second  with  reddish-brown  mark- 
ings ;  caudal  deep  rich  red ;  lower  fins  golden ;  pectorul  nearly  colorless ; 
sides  uf  head  pink  with  golden  stri|)e8.  Described  from  a  specimen  from 
Hazatlan  lOi  inches  in  length.  West  coast  of  Mexico  from  Guaymaa  to 
Pftnama.  It  is  a  common  food-fish  at  Onayiuos,  Mazatlan,  and  Panama:  a 
small  species  rarely  more  than  a  foot  in  length,  representing  \eom<rtiii 
»gnagru  in  the  Pacific     (gultalmi,  spotted.) 

Mmtfrian  fMlstu*,  SntiKDArictui,  lebtb.  Houten.  ix,  18,  pi.  8,  I80a,  Mantlao. 

ZMtjaHutiniuahu.JKiUUASi  it  Gujisrt,  Prtw.  U.S.  Kst.  Miu.  Lg81,3Mt  Jordam  ^Gu^sbt, 
BnU.  C  S.  FUh  Oomm.  1882, 107, 110;  Jokoan  Is.  8wai?i,  I.  c,  147 :  Evekmaicx  &  Jkkkws, 
PrcM-.  D.  S.  !(»t.  Ho*,  laai,  147;  JobDAM,  i.  c,  181.  1888;  JOBOAJI  it  FSdUO,  i.  C,  M0. 

XMtUmiu  gutunu,  JoBDAX,  Fbhas  Siaaloo,  450. 


1270         Dulletin  //,  United  Stales  Naliottal  .\fuseum. 


!•««.  Xeoa^.VIK  STXAflBIK  (LiiiniiiiM». 

(Uun  SKjVI'PKB;    KIAJAIRA;   KKD  TAIL  SNAPPER.) 

Hearl  2i(;  depth  2J.  D.  X,  12;  A.  Ill,  8;  Boutes  (7)  8-60-15,50  pores. 
Body  iiblong,  comprpsaed,  tho  bark  iiKMleratt'l.v  elevated,  profile  almost 
■tratgbt  rroiii  snout  to  nape;  Hiiont  rather  poinU-il,  'i  in  hnail;  ey  moderate, 
5  ill  bead  ;  iutcrorliitiil  space  gently  coiivex,  nj  in  Lead  ;  oceipitnl  koi''l  little 
prominent;  prnorbital  ratber  broad,  -1}  in  bead;  iiiiixillary  r<'a<'hing  ironi 
of  orbit,  2}  in  bead;  iippiT  jaw  witli  a  narrow  band  of  villiforni  teeth, 
outside  of  which  im  a  single  NcrieH  of  Kiilar^ed  tcetb  ;  4  rather  xniall  canines 
in  front,  2  of  them  hirjjer;  lower  jaw  with  villiforni  band  in  front  only, 
theHiuglerow  of  larger  teetb  nearly  ei|ual  in  size,  none  of  tlieni  canines; 
tougne  with  a  Hin^^Ic  oviil  patch,  its  length  more  than  twice  its  width; 
vomer  witb  »  A  or  A-H]]apc<l  patch  of  teeth,  withont  backward  proIoDga- 
tion  oa  median  line,  or  with  only  a  very  slight  one.  Gill  rakei°s  rathur 
long,  their  length  slightly  more  than  i  ilianieter  of  eye,  about  5  4-9,  iiud 
DO  riiiliujciilH  before  them,  I'reopcrile  with  its  posterior  margin  slant- 
ing downward  and  forward,  the  emarginatiou  hruiid  and  inndenitely  deep; 
preopercle  rather  linely  nerrMto  above,  with  coarser  teeth  at  the  angle. 
SealcH  rather  hiiiuII,  the  rowa  aliiiiwt  hori;^oiit:il  below  the  1at4;ral  line, 
above  aiiuiewliat  undulate,  riiiiding  upward  and  backward;  tiibe.H  of 
lateral  line  siriiiile;  ti  rown  of  Mcnleti  on  the  cheek,  I  row  on  the  interoper- 
ele,  I  on  the  nnhopercle,  and  (>  on  the  opercle:  temporal  region  with  a 
broad  baud  uf  acales,  arranged  in  several  series;  base  of  softdor.tal  and 
anal  waty;  dorsal  spines  rather  weak  and  Blen<lcr,  the  initliDe  of  the  (in 
guutly  eonves,  the  fourth  «]>iue  longest,  25  In  bead,  the  tenth  spine  3?  in 
head;  soft  dorsal  short,  itH  margin  somewhat  atiguliite<1,  the  eighth  ray 
longest,  twice  the  length  of  last  ray  and  \\  lirst,  2^  in  head;  caudal  mod- 
erately forki>d,  the  iipjicr  lobe  tho  lunger,  1*  length  of  middle  rays,  which 
are  2  in  bead;  aual  ratber  high,  rounded  in  outline,  its  middle  rays 
longest,  1 J  length  of  last  ray,  2f  in  head,  first  ray  reucbiug  middle  of 
last  ray  when  the  fin  is  depressed;  second  anal  spine  stronger  thiiii  third 
and  orenuiil  length,  3S  in  head;  veiitnils  1}  in  head;  pectorals  reaching 
frontof  anal,  li  in  head.  I'olor  in  life,  roa6-color<'d,  silvery  tingi-d  bilow, 
slightly  olivaceous  but  not  dark  almve;  a  largf,  rouiiel,  raaroou  blotch, 
larger  th.-in  eye,  just  above  lateral  line  and  bidow  front  of  soft  dorsal, 
always  present;  scries  of  strijies  of  deep  golden-yellow  along  sides;  3  on 
head,  the  upper  from  snout  through  eyi' ;  about  10  cm  body,  the  lower 
nearly  straight  and  liori/.oiital,  the  upper  unduluting  and  irregular,  exteod- 
ing  upward  and  b:irkwaril;  belly  white,  its  sides  liirgely  yellowish ;  lips 
red;  miixillary  partly  yidlow;  tongue  yellowish :  iris  fiery  red;  caudal 
deep  blood-red;  spinous  dorsal  nearly  tr.inspuretit,  with  a  marginal  and 
basal  band  of  golden;  nnft  dorsal  light  red,  edged  with  golden:  ventruls 
and  anal  guldeu ;  pectorals  pinkish.  V'oiiug  iguite  green  above.  Simi- 
larly striped  Cuban  speeimeus  are  geiierallj  duller,  witli  the  yellow  stripes 
decidedly  coppery.  In  spirits  the  bright  crdors  fade,  only  the  lateral 
blotch  and  the  streaks  on  the  head  being  persistent.  Weist  Indies; 
Florida  Keys  to  Colon  and  Brazil;  very  couiuiou  almost  everywhere  from 


Jordan  and  Evermann, — Fishes  of  North  America.      1271 


Tampa  to  Brazil.  It  reacbna  bnt  aHin&ll  size,  rnrely  exceeding  a  foot,  and 
it  iulliibit*  chiefly  shitllow  wat»*rs.  In  Havana  it  ih  one  of  the  most 
common  fouil-flsboH.  iu  abundance  not  exceeiled  by  iiny  otber  sprciee.  Its 
«tron>»ly  nmrked  color»tioii  renders  its  re<'ognition  eauy.  (Swityfit^,  an 
oldniiuioof  Vmiej  (ientex,  uHiiurieswhich  thia  one  was  tboiiubttorfseiuhle.) 

Snljio  purpvreietni  taruaala  (Laor  Siiikpp«r),  CatIkby,  Iliat  Kul.  Citruliiia,  |il.  17,  17(1), 
Bahamas, 

Sjiarut  fyjtayrit,  lAWMMS,  Syit.  Nat.,  X,  280, 17S8;  nfler  CaTKHBY. 

SpaniJi  nirmiciilnru,  Blotii  it,  ScHRXlDBK,  8;Bt.  tvhtli.,  276,  1801,  Martinique;  on  a  draw- 
ing hy  PurxiRR. 

l,ittjanut  anbrieti,  Hbbmarest,  Prem.  Ui>o.  Irblh.,  17,  pi.  2,  18£l,  Cuba. 

Uetoprion  uninotalu;  CiviKli  &  VAUiNClBHKlis,  Hist.  Nat.  PuIkh.,  ii,  4iB,  1828,  San 
DomiDeo;  Martinique;  (.U'fCtllKR.  ChI.  1,  202. 

LuljaiiHt  vninoUxtut,  rouv.  8.YU>>iMiH,  2t)4,  WW. 

J.utjnniui  fjfnaiiri;  I'oKY,  Knuiiirrallr).  27,  IHiH;  JoRDAM  fc  CilLBBRT,  Synointia,  922;  Jon 
UAJ<  ic  SWAIN,  I,  «.,  44H;  Jordan,  Ptoc.  U.  S.  Mat.  Mu*.  1880,  (U»t  Jobpax,  i.e.,  UOU, 
31»:  JORDAX  it  PSSLKR,  I.e.,  t&O. 


Mea^l  2,^„;  depth  3.    D.  X,  13;  A.  Ill,  9;  Males  (6)  l>-o3-I6,  50  porea. 

Bwly  oblong,  i-ompresse*!,  foniied  niiuli  as  in  X.»yHagri»,  hut  more  slomler, 
tbe  anterior  profile  nc:irly  atraif;bt  I'roiu  tip  of  snout  to  na|)e,  tlieiic«t  ron- 
rex ;  eiDout  rutlier  long  ami  pointed,  3  in  lii^iid ;  oyo  Ktuall,  Ij  iu  bi-iid; 
interorl)ital  spare  narrow,  rarinate,  itH  wtdtli  '>}  iu  lifiid ;  occipitid  keel 
ratbt-r  prominent;  preorbital  moderate,  its  leiiHt  vidtb  I!  in  liead;  iiioiitli 
moderate,  slixbtly  obliipie,  tbe  lower  Jaw  a  little  proji'ctiiig,  tbi'  uiaxilliirv 
extending  to  opposite  front  of  pupil,  itK  leugtb  3]  iu  bead.  Teetb  e»8cn- 
tially  aa  In  X.  tunaijrit;  c:iniiii'ii  of  upper  jaw  small;  eiilargitd  t^-etb  of 
lower  jaw  scarcely  raninelike;  tongue  witb  a  single,  Lirgi-,  oblong  patcli 
of  teetb;  voiuer  witb  an  /^-sbuped  putcb  of  teeth,  the  ]>rolongatioii  on  tlit^ 
median  line  moderate;  no  pterygoid  t4>elb.  Gill  raker.s  longer  tbaii  in 
most  spt'cies  of  ..VwmfPBi*,  aliout  15  di-velopod  on  lower  pjvrt  of  anterior 
arch.  I'roopercle  nearly  vertical,  it.s  einurgiiiation  very  alight,  its  semr 
distinct.  Hcales  rather  siuatl,  tho!«e  below  lateral  ]iu<*  in  hori/ontnl  scries, 
those  above  lateral  line  in  regular  Mud  very  obli<|iie  series,  wbiiOi  arii  tiot 
parallel  with  the  hiti^ral  liiu»;  cheek  with  5  rows  of  si'ales;  trmporiil 
region  scaled  t'rom  the  eye  backward,  posteriorly  with  a  linuil  of  rather 
large  scales  followt-d  by  Ninaller  oiie-s;  lia.Hes  (^f  soft  dorsul  and  Mtial  scaly; 
dorsal  flu  little  emarginate,  the  spines  rather  slender  and  low,  rbt<  longest 
2^  in  bwid ;  longe.st  ray  of  Hitft  ilorsal  '2\  in  lic.id ;  canilul  r^itlier  ileeply 
forke<!,  tbclongefltrayslj  in  liciid.  the  nieilian  niys  'ii ;  aim  I  .siiinessleiider, 
regularly  graduated,  tbe  second  Mpine  ii  in  lieud ;  Hoft  aiiul  rounded,  rather 
low,  the  longest  rays  2'i  in  bead;  pectorals  long  and  falcate,  1,1  in  bend; 
vchtrals  1}.     Iu  spirits,  nearly  iiniforni  brownish  above,  paler  below,  witb 


*  'ITlila  iip4«ira  1»  wrj-  well  iliaiinEiii^thpcl  from  Sfnnnmit  ti/uiiffru  and  fiwii  On/iiriu 
€^tr^n4ru',  lint  it  priM«>iit«  miicIi  h  niiiKiiliit  )>lfiiiliuK  <irilii>  rburarterisortlie  IwniiH  to  Iriid 
iiMich  |irn>iiil>il>fT  to  PiK^V"  cfln.iei'liiM'  tliiil  il  i«  a  tiyl'rid  cit  yrmiunii*  nmntrrif  with 
OrfturtiM  ehryn-^truik.  Two  8|irriniun»  an*  l<iu>wn.  lliooiin  iioQt  br  Pw-y  Id  (lie  l\  S.  Xntitirttj 
Miiaoiiiii  iiikI  (l<;i»'ril>e<l  in  tlic  |m()«r  ill' .lordiin  lV  Swuiii:  thoother  K'lit  bv  Pitcv  t<i  liin 
niu»rniu  al  Ciu«t>riil){p.  ■•  vtiry  Muiilar,  with  wcU-fflrkrcl  ramlal  iind  Damcninn  elli'rultora. 
Tb«  lower  Jaw  in,  liowvwr,  acaroely  projecling,  and  the  (Htotoml  short,  1)  Iu  head. 


1272         Bulletin  /7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


paid  streaks  aloag  the  rows  of  arkles.  In  life,  acoordiug  to  Poey'n  fignre, 
it  had  niaoh  the  coloration  of  Xeomnni*  tynagrui.  D(<Bcribe(l  from  a  spaci- 
men  trota  Havana  10  inches  in  lougtb.  Cuba;  2  Hpecimena  kuowu.  (am- 
biguut,  unL'^rtaia.) 

JfM«pr<on  cmMirwM,  Poiv,  HcmorUa,  u.  152.  pi,  12,  e.g.  i,  pL  13,  &g.  8,  I80O,  Cuba  (Type,  Mo. 

laOM,  D.S.X.  M.).'  POKT,  S>DapHU.29&. 
Lutjanm  ambtguiu,  Poky.  Enumeratio,  30,  1875,-  JokdaM  &  SwAIV,  t.  «.,490;  Jotaut  &. 

FxgLCK,<.o.,4S0. 

ie«7.  KEOa£?IlS  MAUOOOM  (Cuvler  A^  Valenoteiioe*). 
(Ojamoo;  MAnoaAKT  HHAPPan.) 

Hpad  2i;  depth  2}.  D.  X,  12;  A.  Ill,  8;  scales  (6)  «»-«2-14,  50  pores. 
Body  rather  elongate,  strongly  couipr«88i'd,  the  back  well  elevated,  pro- 
file aliuust  straight  or  Hliglitly  concave  from  tij)  of  snout  to  uape,  tbenoe 
moderately  convoc;  snout  riitlter  Mletitler  and  pointed,  3  in  bead;  eye 
large,  3>i  in  head;  interorbital  area  ttattixh,  with  u  uuMlian  keel,  Bin  heiid; 
[ireorbital  riither  broad,  itn  least  width  K^l  in  head  ;  mouth  large,  maxillary 
reaching  front  of  pupil,  2^  iu  head;  lower  jaw  strongly  projecting;  upper 
Jaw  with  a  uarron-  bum!  of  villiform  teeth,  outside  of  which  is  a  single 
series  of  etiliirged  but  comparatively  small  teoth ;  4  moderate  canines  in 
firont  of  jaw,  2  of  them  larger,  about  2  in  diameter  of  pnpil;  lower 
jaw  with  a  single  series  of  rather  small  tevth,  uoue  of  them  at  all  canine- 
like;  tongue  with  an  oblaiiceohitc  patch  of  teeth,  tapering  behind,  it« 
length  more  than  twice  its  width;  vomer  with  a  broadly  arrow-whaped 
patch  of  teeth,  with  b:K'k\\ard  prolongation  on  median  line,  its  length 
about  equaling  width  of  patch  in  front;  pterygoid  and  hyoid  bones 
without  teeth.  Gill  rakers  unnicrous,  about  10  developed  on  lower  part 
of  arch,  bi-iiidee  4  or  .'>  rudimentary  ones,  those  near  angle  largest, 
their  length  almost  i  diameter  of  eye.  Preopercle  with  its  posterior 
margin  almost  vertical,  broadly  and  rather  deeply  emargiuote,  very 
wsakly  or  scarcely  serrate  above,  the  angle  projcrting  backward  and 
armed  with  several  rather  coarse  teeth,  the  lower  limb  smooth.  Scales 
ntber  small,  thoHe  below  lateral  line'^oiuewltat  larger,  the  rows  above  the 
lateral  line  running  oblii|nely  upward  and  backward,  those  below  in 
almoat  straight  horizontal  series;  cheeks  with  6  rows  of  scales,  1  row  on 
interoperole,  1  on  suliopercle,  an<l  Ton  operde;  temporal  region  with  a 
band  of  snntll  scales,  before  and  behind  which  is  a  series  of  larger  ones; 
top  of  head,  snout,  and  jaws  naked;  bases  of  soft  dorsal  and  anal  scaly. 
Dorsal  spines  rather  weak  and  slender,  the  ootline  of  the  fln  r«(hor 
strongly  convex,  the  fourth  spine  longest,  3>  ia  head;  the  tenth  spine  4  iu 
head;  margin  of  sott  dorsal  very  gently  convex,  the  first  and  last  rays 
•lightly  shorter  than  rest  of  tin,  median  rays  3^  in  head;  caudal  not 
deeply  forked,  the  upper  lube  little  longer  than  lower,  its  length  l(f  in 
middle  rays,  which  are  2jt  in  head,  margin  of  anal  little  rounded,  the 
middle  rays  I{  length  of  la.<t  ray,  S  in  head,  the  first  ray  reaching  almost 
to  tip  of  lost  my  when  the  An  is  depressed ;  anal  spines  »mall,  the  second  as 
long  aa  third  and  •ti\>ngvr.  t(  in  beatl ;  veutralsSi  in  bead ;  pectorals  scarcely 
rwching  ftont  of  aanl,  1^  in  head.    Color  in  life,  deep  btowu,  ailrery 


Jordan  and  Everinann. — Fishes  of  North  Arnica.      1273 


Mow,  eVttjrwhere  shikiled  with  red,  eapeciitU^  on  heikd;  oye  scarlet;  a 
largo  blnckish  blotcb  on  aide,  chiedy  abnvv  lateral  line  aDd  )ielow  flrst 
rays  of  soft  dorsal;  lutixilliiry  yellow  on  fovemd  partn;  narrow  bronzo 
streaks  foltowLiig  tbo  rows  of  scales,  these  Htreaks  distinct  cbiplly  above 
the  lateral  liim;  dorsul  fin  pale,  edged  with  blood-red;  caudal  deep  red; 
anal,  veutrals,  and  pectorals  sriirl&t;  tb«.>  bright  colors  fade  anddiisajipoar 
Id  spirits,  k>a>iug  the  back  dark  k™!')  tto  lower  parte  silvory,  more  or 
Ims  tlnsbed  with  red.  Described  fnitii  a  Cuban  specimen  10  inches  long. 
West  Indies;  a  small  apecloH,  rather  coiuinon  in  the  markets  of  Havana, 
where  it  is  known  as  ojanvo,  iu  ullti8ioii  to  tho  large  oyi*.  It  doei*  not  reach 
alargesize.   {vutkoijoni,  tbo  Kuglish  luahugnny,  from  the  brown  coloration.) 

JfnoprAm  inakogoni,  CwiBR  A  Valencienkiw,  Hint.  Nitl,Palaii.,u, 447, 1828,  Martinique; 

GCmthcb,  Cat.,  r,  203 
UtMojnion  rieardi,  CmXB  It  VALncmmce.  Hint.  Nat  Foiaa.,  U,  447,  1828,  Martinique. 
Muopriim  ojatuo.  Poet,  Memorlaa,  il.  IM,  pi.  13,  Qg.  lU,  1840,  Cuba. 
Luljanui  ojanco,  Tomr,  F.DMn]«;nitia.  2M,  IH7S. 
Lvtjanui  mahoffoni,  Joroak  St  Swain,  i.  <.,  4M  ;  u oboam  &  Fesuck,  I. r.,461. 

Subirenua  RAIZERO,  JunUn  Ic  Fmler. 
1«4(».  XEOMfMIS  ABATUS  <Guntb«r). 

(PABOO  I>E   KAI7.BR0.> 

Head  3;  depth  3*.  D.  XI,  12;  A.  Ill,  7;  aealoa  .JJ-IS-IS.  Body  oblong- 
I'lliptical,  slf  u<lerer  and  hMts  compressed  than  iu  atliei'H]H'cie8i>f  ^>otnii'ni*, 
the  back  broad  and  little  elevated;  profiln  a  little  depressed  abuts  the 
snout,  then  convex  above  the  eyes,  tlicnce  nearly  straight  to  front  of 
dorsal;  snout  not  very  long,  3  in  beail;  mouth  niodcriito,  souiowhat  ob- 
lique, the  jaws  8u1vei]ual ;  maxillary  extending;  to  beyond  front  of  eye,  its 
length  2t  iu  head.  TeeUi  moderate ;  caniue.H  nf  npper  jaw  not  very  lurge; 
the  enlarged  teeth  of  tower  jaw  scarcely  caniuelike;  teeth  on  tongue  in 
a  large  patch,  developt'd  lit  ailnlt  exaiuples,  but  not  evident  in  the  young; 
teeth  on  vomer  iu  a  V-shapod  jiatctr.  without  backward  ]irolongatiou  on  the 
me<liun  line;  (lalutine  teeth  in  a  bro:id  palch;  uo  teeth  «n  ]itRrygoids. 
Eye  large,  5  in  head;  interorbitnl  area  broad  and  convex,  its  width  4  in 
head;  preorbital  moderate,  its  least  breadth  6  iu  head.  Nostril.t  small, 
well  separated,  oblong,  the  anterior  but  little  tbo  larger.  Proopercla 
witb  its  posterior  limb  Mlanting  downwanls  aud  forwards,  with  a  mod- 
erate emarginatlon,  Hh:trply  and  finely  Herrate  above,  the  teeth  at  the 
angle  coar»*er  and  directed  Bomi-what  forwards.  Gill  rakers  few  and 
ralhrr  small,  about  7  on  lower  part  of  anterior  arch,  not  preceded  by  nidi- 
mentM.  Scales  large,  arranged  very  regularly  in  horlxoiital  series  parallul 
with  the  lnt«ral  lino,  both  above  and  below  ;  elieeks  with  6  rows  of  scales; 
nape  with  a  band  of  about  3  series  of  moderate  scaler;  soft  doraul  jind 
anal  well  scaled;  tubes  of  lutcral  line  well  branched.  Dorsal  spines  mod- 
orate,  tho  longoHt  2jf  inheail;  soft  dorsal  rather  low  and  short;  caadnl 
rather  deeply  Innate,  the  upper  Inbe  If,  in  bead ;  anal  low.  its  longest  rays 
2j  iu  head;  anal  spines  graduated,  tbo  second  apine  shorter  and  stouter 
3030 3 


1274         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum, 


than  third,  about  5 J  iu  head;  iicclonil  lon^  and  fnlraty,  1,',  iu  hea<l;  ven- 
trals  1^.  Color,  in  spirits,  dark  hrowii ;  aoinewliiit  |Hilcr  ln>low ;  center  of 
oaoh  scale  ypllowJHli-Hilvery,  thcue  JViniiing  fdiiHpit^iioiisootitiiiiiKiiH  silvery 
streaks  alon^  the  baok  :>ii<!  Hides,  rtumt  dtHtinct  near  the  middle  of  tb<« 
body;  lina  grayish,  riithe>r  jiale^;  iiKMrihiaiio  of  naft  i!i>r«al  dnsky;  veotrals 
dnsky  nt  tips;  young  with  pale  crossliando  formed  by  oiilarttpniGnt  of  the 
Bilvciry  spots  in  rertikili  rc^giotiH.  In  Hfu.  dark  Kre*in,  the  dark  Rtripea  on 
Hliles  dark  brown,  tlio  iuternitacce  yell<i\vi»b-\vhite;  helly  coppery-red, 
Bonic  hltiinh  on  chiHska;  pectoral  tnnrotm  red  ;  vent  rain  »j»lnion-rod,  thi-  first 
ray  wliite:  anal  crenmy-red ;  caudal  dark  ri>d,  hlackixli  touard.H  tip;  dorsal 
dusky;  (hniat  Hilvery.  Dcacrilmd  from  a  KpcciituHi  from  Maxatlan  16 
Inches  in  length.  Lenf;th  2  feet,  I'acidc  coa«t  of  tropiral  America,  (jjen- 
erally  coiiirriori ;  a  liaudsoinB  flwh  lookin^j  quite  iinlikft  the  others.  There 
io,  however,  no  ditforenco  of  iiuportanro  in  tho  structure  of  the  skull. 
The  sqiianuition  is  very  Hiinilar  to  tliat  of  Orlhoatuchua.  (^aralun,  plowed, 
for  its  striped  coloration.) 

Uetoprion  nratuM  GCktheh,  Proc.  Zool.  Hoc.  Lond.  IftM,  145,  Panama;  Chiapas, 
Lwtjanv-i  arnttii.  JOBUAH  i  Gtl.BKBT,  I'roo.  1.  S.  N«l.  Mu-i.  18(11,  Xib.  Jobhas  &  .Swaik, 

(.  e.,  460 :  JoHUJLM  6l  Fislkb,  (.  «.,  4,Ui  JoBOAM,  Fi«lic«  of  SlDiUuH,  in  I'roc.  UaL  Ac 

S«l.  18VS,  467. 

526.  RABIRUBIA,  .lordan  &  Fealer. 
Kabirubin,  .Iokhak  A  Fbuleh.  nnpl.  r.S.  Fluli  Coiiim.I8B»  (lf<03),  438  iinrrmU). 

This  goiins  in  closely  allied  to  Ocyuruti,  having;,  as  in  the  latter  genns, 
thf^  loii;»  froiito-cireipifal  crt'st  continued  forward  along  the  top  of  tlip  head 
to  tliu  nostril*.  I'nriflt.'il  crest  extemliiis  to  jiliovo  i;yo,  roaloseinfj  with 
th«  orbital  rim.  The  body  is  r.nthcr  t>lonirat*\  thft  aiial  fin  long  and  lovr, 
and  the  gill  inkers  are  few  and  abort.  One  species  known,  (llubirubia, 
Spanish  numo  of  Oej/uriis  cbrynurui.) 

lOIP.  RABIRUBU  INKRIUR  (Pi»t«Tn). 

Head  .S  in  U'ligth;  dtqjth  3A ;  iati'ral  line  with  5<)  tubes;  scales  53.  D.  X, 
13;  A.  Ill,  11.  Body  slender  and  fiisifonn,  not  strau^ly  c:ODipreas«^,  the 
back  not  elevated;  sDuiit  vi-ry  poiiitml ;  month  iinnsually  smalt,  tho  maxil- 
lary '2^  ill  head,  reuchinjr  to  front  of  pu])il;  eye  very  large,  about  4  in 
bead.  Hand  of  vomerine  teeth  slightly  produced  liiiwVward  on  tho  median 
line;  teeth  on  tongue  well  developed;  canine  teeth  unusually  small  and 
slendt-r,  ■>  in  upper  jaw  and  S  or  t  on  liaib  ^idn  of  lower.  Nostrils  well 
separated,  Hubeijual,  the  posterior  oblong,  the  .inlerior  round.  Proorbital 
I  do]>th  of  eye;  preopeiclo  not  serrat*,  scarcely  notched  behind;  t<;iiiporal 
region  witli  a  baud  of  large  scales,  on  ejich  side  of  which  are  small  scales; 
scales  above  latiinil  line  umin^'cd  in  very  oblii|Uo  series,  which  are  not 
parallel  with  the  lateral  line.  IViforul  tins  very  short,  reaching  little  past 
tipsof  ventrals,  !{  in  head;  dorsal  spiuos  very  slender;  second  anal  spine 
longer  than  tbirdj  very  siinvil,  7  in  bead;  soft  ilorsul  and  anal  low,  scaly; 
caudal  fin  rather  deeply  forked,  the  middle  rays  not  half  the  length  of  the 
outer,  which  are  H  in  head.  Color  iu  spirits,  dusky  brown  above,  pale 
lieloWj  with  iliflt)tic:t  dark  stripes,  those  below  parallel  with  the  lateral 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1275 


lin^,  thorn  »bove  very  obli«nie;  th«i»B  utripes  extend  alont;  tlif>  edges  of 
the  rowH  of  Hcales,  the  middle  of  earh  Roale  lieitiR-  -Nvbitiab  iir  silvorj-,  ita 
base  ilnsky,  a  bmwn  bloU'h  about  base  of  pectiiral.  Mii/.atliin  to  Panaina; 
only  2  Bpc-i'itnetis  known;  1  ta  in  the  museum  lit  Koriin  from  Mazatlari, 
from  which  Hpt'ciriK'H  the  above  d<>H<-riptivii  wiw  taken;  the  other  was 
taken  by  the  AlhalroKH  at  Piitinma.  It  i«  rjuitp  iiiilik«  tiny  other  American 
spxriua.     (inffrmif,  unarincd.) 

Urtoprum  itiTiHit,  Peters,  Berlinor  Hoiiat«l><>r.  18190,  70S,  Maiatlan. 

Lutjanut  ineniiu,  JOHDAN,  Pro<-.  Ac.  Not.  Sri.  Pbiln.  IfVO,  2g5;  JoMDAH  &  SWAIN.  {.«.,  iS«; 

JoiWAX  &  nnu.M*K,  Proc.  U.  S,  Nat.  Mim.  188S,  IKl :  JoaoAN  ii  Fuua,  I.  c,  '451. 
Ratnrubia  imtrmil,  JonOAX,  flih«a  SinalM,  457,  pt.39. 


547.   OCYURUS,  liill. 
(Rabirurias.) 

unu,  Gill.  Pr<»c.  Ac  Nal.Si-i  Pliilii.  1862.336  (cArvmnu). 

This  g<!nna  is  allied  to  .Ve»mrrnt«,  from  which  it  differs  notably  in  thu 
structure  of  the  sktill,  espeoially  in  tlio  forwunl  I'xtciiMion  of  the  front-o- 
occipital  crest  to  the  ethmoidal  projection  ;  tho  prefrontals  with  ponterior 
ikreaa  short  and  excavated  nbovo  iind  in  front.  Thv  .single  HppeieK  bIiowh 
nnmerons  minor  pecnliaritien.  a.n'the  pDrulinr  form  of  the  body,  the  largu, 
wcIl-forke4l  caudal  tin,  the  small  ti<'»d,  a»  well  :i«  an  increattcd  uiiiuber  of 
gill  rakers,  and  tlip  preai-ni-o  (in  tho  mliilt)  of  pterygoid  teeth.  (wxi/S, 
swift;  ovpd,  tail. ) 

IH&II.  IM'llllIS  ( tlRT.SDRrH<B)oali). 
(YltLLOW-TAIt.;   KABIBl'lltA.) 

Hea<l  H;  depth  S.  D.  X.  13;  A.  III.  it;  Mcnlea  7-65-15,  51  pores.  Body 
ellipticiil,  roniparativoly  elongate,  the  back  little  elevated,  tlie  prolile 
straight  from  the  tip  of  the  snout  to  the  nape,  thence  ratbi'i'  Mtrongly 
arched;  ciiiidnl  peduncle  long  and  slender;  snunt  painted,  of  niodrrate 
length,  3  in  heud  ;  eye  Kinall,  .">  in  heiid;  interorbi1,;il  wpare  vtiry  convex, 
with  a  sharp  iui:dtan  keel,  4  in  huad;  picorbitul  nurrow,  its  least  width 
6i  in  heoil.  Month  small,  oblique,  the  lower  jaw  projectiug;  inuxilbiry 
reaching  very  slightly  bi-yond  front  of  orbit,  2^  in  head;  upper  jaw  with 
n  narrow  band  of  villifomi  teeth,  ontaidc  of  which  in  11  ningle  series  of 
larger  teeth,  5  or  6  of  those  in  front  being  somewhat  caninelike,  but  small ; 
'owor  jaw  with  a  single  series  of  itiod«irat<'ly  strong  teeth,  none  of  them 
largo  enough  to  bo  called  canines;  tongue  witha  large  oval  patch  oftcetb, 
in  front  of  which  is  a  smaller  but  similar  patch  ;  teeth  on  vomer  forming  11 
broadly  arrow-shaped  patch,  with  n  biickwiird  prolongiition  on  the  nicdiiin 
line,  which  is  nearly  twice  the  width  of  the  patch;  a  u:irr<tw  brind  of 
pterygoid  teeth  behiud  the  y)ateh  on  the  vomer,  this  not  evident  in  young 
examples.  Hill  rakers  rather  long  and  ulender,  tho  longest  iitiont  |  diun>- 
oter  of  eye,  about  8-|-'.'l,  none  of  tbein  nuliinentury.  Prenperclo  with  its 
po<tt«rior  margin  almost  vertical,  with  :i  slight,  but  distinct  otuarginution 
above  tho  angle;  eerratious  of  prooiiorolc  very  feeble,  the  teetJi  at  the 


127G  Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


auf;lo  scarcely  cDlar^^ed;  noHtrils  well  aepiirated,  tbe  posterior  slitlike; 
Hcales  Hiiiall,  thoae  above  latent!  liue  arrnnj^od  iu  very  oblique  series,  tboHe 
below  in  rows  uearl.v  hori^nntjil  |  oheekH  wi  tb  3  or  6  rows  of  gciileH,  about 
two  rows  ou  iiitiTojiiTL'le;  tetiiporul  rogimi  with  2  or  3  (HTie»  of  l:ir);e 
scales  Itefuro  And  lieLiud  which  are  niituy  small  scalus;  tu)>  of  Iieiul, 
Htiout,  uud  JawM  naked;  bases  of  soft  dorsal  and  itnal  scaly.  Dorsal  spines 
rather  Icid);  :iiid  blender,  the  fiu  not  deeply  ciiiar/L^iuate,  liftli  spiiii^  longest, 
2J  iu  heail;tent!i  spine  3|;  soft  dorsal  and  aaal  similar,  their  margins 
nearly  strui};ht.  the  last  rays  Hitfjhtly  sliorteued,  median  rays  about  3  in 
head;  caudiil  liti  long,  very  deeply  fork(>d,  the  upjier  lobe  lonvest,  3 
times  as  long  as  middle  rays,  which  arc  2^  in  head;  pectorals  long  and 
slender,  reaching  vent,  \i  in  head;  ventrals  1*  in  hond;  anal  spines  rather 
weak,  the  third  \  longer  than  seconil.  4  in  huad.  Color  in  life  olivaeeons 
above,  rather  pale,  iind  soiiii-what  violet  tinged;  u  Duniher  of  hirge,  irregu- 
lar deep  yellow  hliitrhi'S  rin  aides  of  baok ;  a  detip  yellow  stripe  from  tip 
of  snont  str^iight  through  eye  to  cauilul  ]H'dinii-]e,  there  broadening  and 
including  all  of  tail  above  hitt-ral  liDe  ami  behind  dorsal  liii;  above  this  a 
pearly-purplish  nrea;  below  it  a  tle.sh-i'olnred  or  rosy  area  or  band,  2  scales 
broad,  then  a  succession  of  about  1(1  narrow  streaks  alteruatiug  fleah- 
eotor  and  yellow,  growing  fainter  pnigreasively  below;  the  yellow  on 
the  edges  of  the  scales,  tbe  reddish  on  their  nuddles;  iris  liery  red;  lower 
parts  of  head  tlesh  color  with  some  yuUow  spots ;  uiaxillary  mostly  yellow  ; 
caudal  deep  yellow,  its  edges  reddish;  dorsal  cliieliy  yellow;  auul  faiutly 
yellow ;  vetitruls  and  peetorals  tranHloceot,  In  Hpirit»,  all  the  murkiugs 
fade,  leaving  the  fins  yellowish,  the  upjier  jiarts  grayish,  the  lower  rosy- 
silvery.  Length  2  feet.  AVest  Indies,  and  from  Boutheru  Florida  to  Brazil ; 
very  abundant  at  Key  West  where  it  is  known  ns  ''yellow-tail."  In  Cnb», 
next  to  N,  analit  and  .V.  njnagrin,  the  countioutiat  of  the  snappers.  One  of 
the  handsomest  of  the  snappers ;  here  described  from  a  Key  West  specimen. 
(^/jurfoE,  gold;  ovjia.,  tail.) 

Aearajritamba,  Habcubavb,  Hiat.  BnuU.,  1&&,  1648,  Brazil. 

nabirnbia,  I'AKKA,  DeMT.  Uif.  Piexu.  Hist.  Nat.,  pi.  20,  llg.  1, 1787,  Cuba. 

Spami  chryiiiui.  HLOf-H,  Intith.,  |iI.2(K,  ]7SW,  Brazil;  aftiT  Mahciikavk. 

AnOiiatrahinibia,  liLocn  It.  SCUIIBIDER,  Synt.  Ir.btb.,30V,  IHOl,  Cuba;  after  Paeba. 

SparuM  Memiluua,  LAri^pfeDE,  Ulnt.  Nat- Polaa.,  tv,  Ul,  1X03,  Martiaique:  on  a  cupy  of  a 

drawing  liy  Pi.i.°3fiBn. 
UttoprionauroeiUMu*,  Ao ASBIS,  Spix,  Pile.  Brasil.,  pLea.  1S2U,  Brasll. 
Oeyurtw  Hjgerimai,  CoPB,  Troun.  Am.  Phil.  Swi.  1871,  468,  Ug.  4,  St.  Kitts. 
Mtnoprian  ehtyninu,  Cl'viKii  II  Valenciemnss,  Hist. Nat.  Poiss..  n.  4M,  1828;  GCKTBSft, 

Cat.,  1. 188. 
Off^inu*  fhrynirut.  Post,  SynopaUi,  2BS,  1868;  Jordas  it  SwAiv,  It..  461;  JoatUM,  I.*., 

ai'.l;  JonrjAK  i!.  FiULEn,  (.  r..  452. 
Oeyuru*  aitrvvittitlut.  Poev.  .S.i1iapaU,28S,  1868. 

hutjaniu  thryturut,  Vailuuit,  Uiss.  SvI.  an  Mexiitue.  133,  pi.  &,  1876. 
Z,u(/«nu<  mtlanuTvs,  JouuAti  6^  Gilbert,  Syuuptia,  &48,  1883;  nut  lyp«. 

SaS.  RHOMBOPLITES,  Gill. 

RhombnpliltM,  Gill,  Proc.  Ao.  Nat.  ScL  Phila.  1862,  237  [aurorubmt). 

This  genus  differs  from  Stomftnin  chietly  iu  the  character  of  the  cranium. 
Prefrontals  with  tbe  articular  facets  developed  frniu  simple  tubercles  and 
not  V-shaped,  tbe  poBt<irior  areas  cribriform;  bosi-sphenoid  not  lobiger- 


lid  with  A  broad  patch  of  t««th  (in  adult);  hyoid  boneo  and 
tongne  with  teeth;  nanines  very  Biiiall  or  obsolete;  dorBAl  8{Hiie«  12,  the 
soft  rays  10  or  11;  fjill  ralcera  slender  and  numerous. 

This  geuaa  is  closely  iilliexl  to  yeomti-Hh,  but  the  cranial  jieruliaritieRuiid 
extension  of  the  villifomi  teeth  nver  the  pterygoid  ixnd  hyoid  bonea  well 
warrant  generic  sepuration.  The  form  of  the  vonieriue  pat«h  of  teeth  is 
also  somewhat  peculiar.  But  oui>  sjiecies  \h  Itiiown.  (pa)iftoc,  rhomb; 
ctnXlr^f,  armed;  from  the  form  of  the  voraeriuo  patch  of  teeth.) 


1««1.  RHOXBOPLITP.N  AVBOBI'BK:«S  (Cuvinr  ii  Talenoielities). 

(Caooh  pi  to  Alto.) 

Head  SJ;  depth  Sf;.  D.  XII,  11;  A.  Ill,  8;  scales  (7)  10-72-19,  50  pores. 
Body  i-lounftte,  irregularly  eUiptical,  the  bat^k  not  greatly  elevat'dd,  high- 
est at  the  nape;  prolile  rejiriilarly  and  strongly  convex  from  above  eye  to 
spinons  dorsikl ;  suont  rather  short  and  bluutisb,  3J  in  head,  it.a  upper  pro- 
file straight  und  steep ;  eye  very  large,  3{  iu  head ;  interorhita.!  space  very 
convex,  3^  in  bead;  preorbital  narrow,  its  least  wi«lth  Tj  in  hca<i ;  moiilh 
small,  oblique,  the  lower  jaw  somewhat  projecting;  maxillary  scalelesa, 
reaching  front  of  orbit,  2^  in  head.  Upper  jaw  with  a  broad  baud  of  villi- 
fomi teeth,  (luttiide  of  which  is  a  row  of  enttirged  but  com]>»nil)Mdy  siiial] 
teeth;  no  canines;  lower  jaw  with  one  serieH  sumewbiit  stronger  than  on  It-r 
teeth  nf  upper  jaw;  iuside  uf  these  is  a  rather  broad  villifomi  hand  of 
teeth  in  front  of  jaw  only;  tongue  with  a  very  broad  in-ogularly  ovate 
jtatch  of  teeth,  its  width  alnumt  as  great  as  width  of  tongue,  1^  iu  iti« 
length;  in  front  of  this  patch  jmil  birgt<  roundish  ]iat<'h  of  toeth;  an  oblong 
patch  of  teeth  on  the  hyoid  botte;  vomer  with  n  rhoinboid  ( '-Hbapcd) 
patch  of  teeth,  forming  almost  a  right  angle  in  front,  with  a  broadly 
wedge-shaped  backwunl  prolongation  on  the  median  line,  its  It-ngtb  abimt 
twice  its  width;  palatine  biiud  of  teeth  lery  wide;  iderygoids  with  a 
large  putirh  of  teeth,  theae  t«elh  undeveloped  an<l  covered  by  skCn  in  young 
examples.  Gill  rakerK  nnmerou.H.  the  longfht  about  4  diameter  of  eye, 
abont  6-f-21.  Preopercle  with  posterior  margin  nlmont  Btrnight  and 
vertical,  slightlj'  emurginate,  weakly  serrate  above,  tho  teeth  courier  at 
the  angle  and  on  lower  border.  Posterior  nostril  larger,  nearly  round. 
Scales  very  small,  the  rows  above  ihi*  lateral  line  ninuing  ujnvard  stnd 
backward,  the  rows  below  rather  wavy,  almost  boriiEoutal ;  temjioral  region 
oovere<l  with  small  partially  embedded  scales,  in  1  or  5  rows;  cheeks  with 
7  rows  of  scales;  4  rows  on  iuteropcrcle,  Ii  rows  on  Mubojiercle,  and  Ton 
opercle;  snont,  preorbital  and  jaws  naked ;  to]i  of  head  scaly  to  near  mid- 
dle of  eye;  soft  donal  and  uu:il  with  bnt  few  scalea  at  base.  1  k>rKal  spines 
long  and  slender,  the  fourth  spine  longest,  2|  in  bead,  ttie  length  of  the 
opines  thence  gradually  decreasing  to  twelfth  H|iiue,  which  is  3li  in  head; 
marginof  soft  dorsal  truncate,  itsni.ysofsubei|ual  U'ngth,  4  iu  bead,  last  ray 
slightly  shorter;  caudal  deeply  forked,  the  iipjicr  lobe  longer  than  tower, 
its  length  1|  times  niidillc  rays,  which  nnt  2  in  head  ;  upper  loho  of  cundal 
scarcely  shorter  than  head ;  anal  similar  to  soft  dorsal,  its  rays  3  in  bead  ; 
second  anal  spine  shorter  than  third,  1  iu  head;  ventrals  14  in  head;  pec- 
torala  aomewhal  falcate,  reaching  opposite  vent,  1^  in  head.     Color  in  iLfe, 


1278  Bulletin  ^7,  United  Stales  National  Museum. 


voi'iiiilion;  paW below;  faint  bruwu  lines  riiuniiif;  obliqti<<l,v  forward  anil 
ilowtivvmril  fniiii  dursul  along  tborowH  of  scnlos;  >idi'8  with  uarmwrnnuous 
Htri'iika  of  gol(I«u  yellow,  hoiuo  of  thcni  Inui^itiidiiiitl,  others  obliqui*:  dor- 
sal ruay,  ita  itiiirf^in  cbielly  uniu^i;;  anal  ]iiili*  ut  biiAt*,  rosy  at  extremity; 
pecloj'alH  yellow  iHh,  voutrals  rouy,  tsiiiduL  vermilion  f  iriH  vermilion-red; 
iiiside  of  inoulh  ilu^ky.  The  briKbt  rotors  grow  taint  or  disuppt-iir  in 
Hpirita.  LuUKtb  about  h  foot;  httre  duacriliod  fmni  a  H|)«viiiieii  from 
Ilavauit.  West  Indies,  uort!i  to  fliurleHton,  south  to  Hio  Janeiro;  uot 
uiicunimon  hi  deep  wat'OiH  im  tnr  north  an  (iiurleHtoii  niid  Feiisucola. 
Spei-imeii»  from  the  coast  of  (.'aroliiiaitreHoiiK'wlmt  deeper  tliiiu  tbottefrom 
L'lilin,  iLud  witli  the  yellow  Mtroiiku  more  prouoiiiicoit.  hofOiiitn);d:irk  brown 
iu  Hpirita.  One  of  the^e,  in  the  U.  S.  Nationiil  Mukouui,  1i!IH  \'A  dorsal 
spines.  It  itt  not,  howe\«r,  otherwise  esseutially  ditt'ereut.  (aurutt, 
golden;  ru6«n«,  reddish.) 

CtntToprUtU  atmrvhrm,  OrvTRB  ii-  VaMCNOICITNVS,  HUt.Nst.  Puisi.,  in,  48,  1829,  Brazil, 

Martiaique,  San  DomtnEO. 
iffoprum  rlegan:  PuKY,  Muniuriiui,  II,  l.i3,  IftflO,  Cuba. 
Apfian  aruir/iiiiuj,  JoHO^N  a.  Gilokbt,  I'roc.  U.  8-  Nat,  Miu.  lUt(3,  H2,  Pensacola;  young 

with  pterygoid  toctli  undorelopotl. 
Metoiirivii  aurorubrni,  GUnTHKR,  Cat.,  I,  207. 
HkontiupUUt  aurorubeiu,  lilLL,  Proc.  Ac  Nat  Soi.PhiU.  1802,  2311;  Jokoan  Ic  Fedum. 

<.<:.,  454. 
lihvii^<>pUl*4  (Ugan*.  Pokt,  Uppertorio,  ii,  l&M,  1M8. 
Luljanut  aurorubciu.  Vaillant  ^  Uooouirr.  Miu.  Sci.  au  Hesiqne,  117, 1877;  JoltbAM  St 

GaBXHT,  SynopsiB,  540. 

sag.  APSILUS,  Cuvb-r  A  Valencieanea. 

(AKNlLI-O.-i.) 

ApnluM,  Cdvicu  ii.  VALKNCIKNXEa,  iliBt.  Nul.  I'uisii.,  VI,  548,  IKiU  {/umnit.  mi  Eiuit  Indian 

apetlen). 
jyopidiniut  (UlLL.  MS  )  PoBT,  Synopais,  2t6,  IMS  (nniiOo  — <l«n(alii«). 

Tliit)  very  dlMtimt  jLceniif*  baa  essentially  the  cranial  structure  of  Illio7tt- 
ltuj)liti»,  with  the  BcateluMS  lius,  peiuUur  H<|uaiu;itloii,  iiud  detilition  ikf 
.Iprion.  The  prefrontals  hjive  tlie  jioaterior  areii*  Hulid  and  »oiuewbl»t 
tmnid;  there  are  no  teeth  on  thi-  plery^oidB,  tongue,  or  hyoi<l  houes.  The 
dorsal  liu  is  sliort  iiud  scalclesN.  [<>,  |>i  ivative;  i/xAuf,  bare  ur  bald;  th« 
meaning  uot  evideut.  Uur  Hpecies  repreaentiuf;  the  Miibgeuus  Truitidiniim, 
dill'crs  from  Apailua  fiucut  cbiotly  in  the  doeper  body  uud  larger  head.) 

Subgenus  TROPIOINIUS.  tiiU.' 

iiwis.  ai>sii,i;k  iikxtjith.s  uuichenot. 

<,\B.\)UJI.J 


Head  3;  d.plh  Si.  I).  X,  ll>;  A.  Ill,  8.  Scales  7-60-16,  60  pores.  Body 
rathfi  deop,  oblou^,  elliptii-al,  eoiiipreHscd,  the  back  Moiuowhat  elevated: 
prolile  t'nitu  siiuut  to  ti»pr'  litCli-  convex,  the  nape  slrougly  ke^leil  and 
coiksiderably  t-ouvex;  Hnont  rather  short  and  blunt,  Ji^  in  head;  eye  liirge, 


*rpeiric  keel;  iftoi',  nape. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  Norlh  America.     1U79 

3J  in  h«ad;  interorbital  space  convex,  %\  Id  bend,  ila  median  liue  becoiu- 
■  iig  <iii  t)<eui:ri]Mit  aaharp  koel;  ]]iiH>i-ltita1  very  nurrow, 7|  iu Lend;  month 
aitiull ;  tnaxilliiry  broad,  nlmunt  n-ai-hiiiK  pupil,  'ZK  in  ht-iul:  upper  jtiw  with 
a  narrow  biiuij  of  villiturm  teeth,  <>utMi(l«  uf  which  is  a  iwsriea  uf  lar^or, 
which  are  Sfurcely  large  enuiit;h  to  Ijo  i-alle<l  cuninett;  lower  jaw  with  a 
sitiglii  iu-rii'8  <>t°  oinnll  tooth,  about  ti  t>t'  thoee  in  front  htrfrer,  scarcely 
raaiuelike,  Biiiiilar  to  the  larger  teeth  uf  upper  Jaw;  inside  of  this  series 
tM  a  cumpurutively  wide  baud  of  villirorni  teeth  in  fmut  itfjaw  only; 
tougui-  without  teeth ;  vouicr  with  a  A-ohitped  patch  of  teeth,  witbuiit  itnclc- 
ward  prolongation  nu  iiirdian  line,  (jill  lakeiH  nunieroua,  the  longest 
\  diameter  of  eye,  about  17  ou  lower  half  i>r  arch.  I'reoperiOi-  with  its 
posterior  marj^iu  nearly  vertieal,  very  Hligbtly  emargiuate,  aoareoly  8(<r- 
rate  except  at  angle,  where  the  tei-th  are  qiHt«<  siiiull.  HoaloH  rather  sinull, 
vi'ry  regularly  aiTauni-tl.  tlio  rowa  riiuuiiif;  puriillel  with  the  lateral  \\\\v  both 
above  and  below;  7  rows  on  ehe«k,  the  t«caleH  of  upper  row  little  enlarged; 
'i  rows  ou  iuteropercle,  11  on  suboperele,  fi  on  opercle;  leiitpoial  region 
with  four  rows  of  iuod<<rat<>  HcaleH;  top  of  hitatl,  suoiit,  aud  Jaws  naked; 
buaea  of  soft  dorttiil  and  anal  scali-leaH.  iJor^al  fin  not  Mtrougly  emarginate, 
the  spines  rather  nlcnder,  the  outline  of  the  tin  rather  strongly  convex, 
fourth  npiuo  longest,  21  iu  head,  truth  spine  3{  in  ht-ad :  margin  of  soft 
dorsal  gently  roumkid,  tlm  niidiUn  rays  little  lunger  th.in  first  rays,  l!f  In 
head;  last  ray  not  shurU^r  than  middle  rays;  eaudal  dee|)ly  forked,  the 
upper  lobe  slightly  lougi-r  tlmu  lower,  '1\  length  of  niiddio  rays,  which 
are  'l\  in  head  ;  upper  lobt;  about  as  long  as  head  :  margin  of  anal  nearly 
straight,  the  rays  about  of  ei|nal  length,  except  the  Inst,  which  ia  soum- 
what  prodncoil,  'i,\  in  h<-ad ;  lirst  ray  reaching  about  to  base  of  last  ray, 
when  the  liu  is  dt-pressi^tl ;  anal  spines  rather  weak,  the  third  rather  longest, 
3  in  head;  ventruts  11  in  head;  (lectorals  somewhat  falcate,  reaching  tirst 
soft  ray  of  anal,  about  as  long  as  hctd.  Color  in  life,  dusky  violet,  paler 
below;  uioath  within  and  lius  all  »iuiilar  in  hue,  the  anal  and  veutralawith 
lilackisb  tips;  soft  dorsal  with  Hiuue  olivo  shades,  the  edge  grayish.  In 
spirits,  nearly  uniform  dusky  gray,  paler  below.  Length  I  foi>t.  Weat 
Indies.  This  beautiful  little  fish  is  rather  roniuiot)  in  the  markets  of 
Havana,  from  which  luoalily  came  the  specimen  hero  described,  (dentaiat, 
toothed,  the  name  nut  characteristic.) 

.t|<«<lu4  iffnea/u«,  aciCHKN(/T,  111  ICiuiioti  <lo  U  Sagra,  UlaUCiiba,  Poiaa.,  29,  pi.  I,  tl^.  2, 

1U5,  Hav&na;  Jokuan  ii.  Fkbuih,  I.e.,  Kih. 
Uunpriim  ariiiUo.  FoET,  MeinorUa,  II.  I&4,  ISflU,  Cuba. 
V'<ii}>riv»  •Irittaiut.  nr.VTIIRU,  Citt...  I,  188,  llfia. 
}Vi>Iiir/intiu<imiU»,  I'uer,  Hynoimlii.  2U4,  1868. 
LufjaHHtarmUii;  Coca,  Trana.  Am.  I'hiloa.  Sue.  IMD,  470, 
Tropidinitu  dtntalut.JoUtiAX  Jt  aw.il.N.  {.  c.  100. 

530.  APRION.  C'uvier  iV  Valencieuncfl. 

Aprttm,  CuvucR  *  VAi.KNnKiNKs,  Illst.  Nat.  PoIm.,  vi,  J4.1,  laW  (virnemt). 
t  CNU>(qiltnM,TEMMliiicK  .11  Sciilroku  Kaiiiiu>)u|Miiuc*.  l'(iiMs..7M,  \rM  (.lUtbiun). 
PntUfomaUtM,  Blbrkem.  Natiiurk.  Tijil'rlir.  NcOerl.  Intl..  ni,  \%b2.  S74  (fj/jju*). 
rfatyiuiui.ntu,  Prw-.  Ar.  NaLSci.  PlilU.  Irt63, 1'^i?  (rvrax  .-.  miurej>A(Aa(iniui). 
t  DjitrvpiiM,  KasK,  JTiacb*  Mua.  Uv<lwa'n>y,  »U3.  I8M  (Woa^atw). 


£ 


1280  Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


Body  oblong  or  ratber  elongate,  compressed;  sralea  large;  moTith  rather 
smnll,  the  caiiiues  incooBpicnoiis;  no  teeth  on  tanj^iio;  dorsal  fin  rather 
short,  the  soft  part  not  scaly,  the  (in  not  notched;  skull  eitseutially  as  in 
Elelit,  the  interorbital  area  flat,  sepanited  by  a  tranverso  line  of  demarca- 
tion from  the  orripital,  by  which  the  median  as  well  us  the  lateral  cr&sts 
arc  limited;  frontalB  wide  iti  front,  and  not  cuvernouH;  Aiipraorbital  niiir- 
giniTBiiate;  portnlio  region  niiicli  swollen  outward  and  witli  the  hones 
ttiin  and  polishud;  preorbital  moderate;  froutals  behind  with  I'luinr'l- 
shnped  fViraiuina.  Aprion  has  csMntislly  tho  form  of  Xeomirnin,  with  the 
skull  of  Etelh,  The  Aiueripon  species  is  the  typo  of  the  subgeona 
Plattjiitiut,  which  agrees  witli  Aprion  vire*ccn»  in  the  form  of  the  sknll, 
diflering  cbiedy  In  the  xpecilic  characters  of  deeper  body,  weaker  teeth, 
and  narrower  pruorbital.     (tx,  withont;  irp/'mK,  saw.) 


Subgenus  PLATYINIUS/  GflL 
Mil.  IPBIOX  MACROPHTHALirs  (UaUer  b.  Troschel). 

(TonAZ.) 

Head  3;  depth  3.  D.  X,  11;  A.  Ill,  S,  sealea  7-60-15,  62  pores.  Body 
oblaug-ellipticiil,  niiulerately  comprt-aaed ;  the  back  not  greatly  elevated; 
prodle  convex  anteriorly,  almost  straight  above  eye;  the  nape  again  con- 
vex, ita  kool  low  and  plact-d  well  hack;  snout  rath<<r  hluiit,  3S|  in  head; 
eye  largo,  3|!  iu  head;  interorbital  space  broad  :iod  Hut,  4  in  head:  pre- 
orbital  narrow,  7i  iu  head;  mouth  smnl!,  oblique;  lower  jaw  slightly 
projecting;  maxillary  about  roaching  middle  of  eye,  ^jt  in  head.  Upper 
jaw  with  ;»  narrow  band  of  villiform  teeth,  ()iit«itlo  of  which  is  a  row  of 
larger  teeth,  the  canines  in  front  little  difl'erentiated ;  lower  jaw  with  a 
single  series  of  rather  large  teeth,  scarcely  large  enough  to  bo  culled 
canines;  inside  of  this  seriea  is  a  comparatively  wide  band  of  villifonii 
te«tb  iu  front  of  jaw  only  ;  a  few  larger  teeth  among  the  villiform  t«ieth; 
tongue  without  teeth;  vouu-r  with  a  rathor  narrow  A-ahaped  patch  of 
teeth,  without  backward  prolongation  on.  median  lino.  Gill  rakers 
nunierons,  the  longest  about  f  diameter  of  eye,  about  Tt -\-  15,  Prcopercio 
with  poRterittr  margin  almost  straight  and  vortical,  without  euiargination, 
Tory  finely  serrate  above,  the  teeth  coarser  on  angle  and  lower  limb. 
Scales  rather  small,  regularly  arranged,  the  rows  running  parallel  with 
the  lateral  line  both  above  and  below  it;  7  rows  of  sialea  on  the  cheek, 
the  scalen  of  upper  row  not  greatly  enlarged,  two  rows  on  intemperole 
and  H  on  opercle;  temporal  region  with  about  4  rows  of  large  staleN;  top 
of  Lead,  snout,  and  jaws  naked;  base  of  soft  dorsal  and  anal  scaleless. 
Dorsul  litdo  euiarginate,  the  apinca  rather  sloiider,  the  outline  of  the  lin 
moderately  convex,  third  spine  longest,  2i!  in  lieacl,  tenth  spiuo  3  in  head; 
margin  of  soft  dorsal  nearly  straight,  the  first  soft  ray  3  in  head,  last  ray 
exserted,  2  in  head;  caudal  well  forked,  the  npper  lobe  slightly  longer 
than  lower,  2*  length  of  ndddle  rays,  which  are  3  in  head ;  margin  of  anal 
similar  to  spinous  dorsal,  the  last  ray  filamentous,  2^-  iu  head;  aual  spinea 


Jordan  and  Evemtann. — Fish<s  of  North  America.     1281 


rathor  slender,  the  third  slightly  longer  than  second,  3^  in  head;  ventralR 
\\  in  head;  pectorals  long  and  painted,  rcsu-hin^  tn  first  H«ft  ray  of  anal, 
l^^i  in  bead.  Color  in  life,  rosy  red  with  silvery  limter,  nuite  silvery  below; 
faint  pearly  markinf^a  on  sciilea  of  npper  part»,  ihe«e  forming  a  decided 
stripe  along  biuii-  of  dorsal;  h»a<l  all  rosy,  diirkor  above;  iris  silvery; 
moiitk  wliitu  within;  aideii  with  pourly  spots,  faint  anil  diffuse,  irregu- 
larly acatteretl,  each  about  tifl  largo  as  a  scale;  base  of  dorB.il  yellowish- 
olive,  its  edge  scarlet,  the  liu  otherwise  rosy;  candal  rosy,  liecoming 
scarlet  behind;  pectorals,  vcntrals,  and  anal  elightly  rosy.  la  spirits  the 
bright  colors  all  fade,  leaving  irregular  pearly  markings  on  a  silvery 
gronnd.  Wejit  Indies,  generally  conimoii ;  the  spccinieufl  here  described 
Crom  UavRDS,  where  it  is  rather  common  in  the  markets,  (fiaxpoi,  large; 
otfAaXfiof,  eye.) 

*  Omtroprittii  maerophthalmtu,  HOllbb  it  TaoflOBEI.  in  ScBomuBOK,  Hi<t  Barbados, 

606,  1M«,  Barbado ;  young. 
Maoprinn  fmrax,  POEV,  Memoriaii,  II,  ISI,  1800.  Cuba. 
flalyiHiuM  rufaz,  GiU,  Proo.  Ac.  NaL  Scl.  Philu.  18«t.  237. 
SlaiUima  maerophUialmus,  Cora,  Trans.  Am.  Ftilloa.  Soc.  1909,  its. 
Aprivm  maeroplUhalmu;  Jokdan  Sl  Swaim,  i.  e„  4(7:  JoaOAM  &  Fasuia,  I.  «.,  tSt. 

531.  ETBLIS,  Cnvler  &,  Valenoiennea. 


Eldii,  CcTlEn  &.  VALBHclKKXaa,  Hist.  Nat.  Poisa.,  n,  127,  182B  (eartmneulut,  a  Japanrae 

«l»e«ioa). 
EUuOtma,  Swainson.  Mat  HJat.  >'Ubes,  n,  1S8, 202, 1839  (oftilatui). 
ITf*pfr»nMa*,  Lows,  FiiilieA  of  Madeira,  14, 1^3  (uetilattu). 
UaCTopt.  Dl<M^.BIL,  Icbtli.  AiiiilytJiiui-,279,  IBM!  (rictila(uj>. 

Body  elongate,  covered  with  large  scales;  eye  very  large;  preorbital 
very  narrow ;  nmuth  ujoderate,  the  lower  jaw  projecting;  cuuiuus  in  upper 
jaw  only;  no  teeth  on  tongue  or  pterygoids;  gill  rakers  long  and  slender. 
Dorsal  fin  deeply  notched,  rather  short,  ite  spinea  10  in  nnmber,  ita  soft 
rays  not  scaly;  candal  very  dei'ply  forked  ;  hca<l  naked  above,  skull  with 
the  interorbital  area  flat,  separated  from  the  occipital  area  by  a  transverse 
line,  limiting  the  median  and  lateral  crests,  also;  frontals  wide  in  front, 
not  cavemouH,  siinjily  iioruially  perforate;  aupniorbital  margins  creuate; 
periotic  region  little  convex  and  with  the  bones  thick,  anpotiahed;  pre- 
frontals behind,  with  fun Del-shnpcd  foramina.  The  relationnbips  of  this 
genus  have  been  repeatedly  misiuiderstood,  but,  as  <iitl  has  shown,  it 
belongs  in  the  LntianidUt!  and  lias  no  Mpeeial  albnity  with  Anthiat,  I'crca, 
or  Serranu*  t  The  aynonymy  and  relations  of  thiA  interesting  genua  have 
been  well  discnsMd  by  Dr.  Gill  in  the  paper  above  cited.  In  spite  of 
the  difference  in  the  form  of  its  dursal,  the  relations  of  Eleli*  with  AfHm 


'  Aecording  to  Po^-y  Dip  CmtropriflU  maerophthatmut  of  MiiJlcr  &  Trodcfirl  WM  baaed 
OB  tb«  ybuni;  nT  tliia  H|>>-vie«i  if  no.  thalullcr  iiaiiiv  liui<  Hit*  riKlilof  |irii>ritv.  Tliianpeciea 
afrera  cloHely  wilb  th«  rieacriptlona  i*(  Apriim  Jllameiitoauw  {f.'uvier  &  VafeiaL-ltmuvaf  from 
UK*  islaodn  rusl  i>(  Arricn.  hut  it  wanUI  be  prpinaturo  to  uiiit<i<  2  Rpviip*  troni  suoh 
widi'lv  sviiantteii  luculitien  without  an  nctual  coiiipiirifioi]  of  Hpecininis.  Ur.  KluiiEiiigAT 
r«i;^anlH  the  2  Htx-ciea  &a  identiral.  Arcnrdini;  to  big  acconiit,  liowwer,  A,  Jllamnitorut 
ia  a  aleodercr  flub.  thedeptb44  in  the  total  IsiiKtb  (3|  in  A .  mafroplMalmut) .  and  tbcscalea 
ara  7-S&-U,  tbe  i-aodal  more  qccijIv  forkwl,  «bo  lulwa  3  tinieii  tbe  middle  rayn  (i|  tbnea  in 
ours). 

t  Sac  GUI.  Free.  Ac.  Mat.  Sol.  FhUa.  1882,  M7,  for  u  dUcuaaion  of  the  aiBniUea  of  Stelii. 


1282         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


are  very  close.  The  skallH  in  the  two  are  almost  ideutieal,  as  haa  already 
been  noticed  by  Foey  and  QUI.  ((TB\ii,  etelit,  a  name  used  by  Aristotle 
for  some  fish  not  now  recognized.) 

a.  Maxillary  scaly;  depth  3)  in  length.  ocnLATl's,  1664. 

aa.  Maxillary  naked:  depth  2)  in  length.  auuiuomabu,  1665. 

1S64.  GTKLIS  OODLATDS  (Curler  &^  Valenciennes). 

(Cachucho.) 

Head  3i ;  depth  3^.  D.  X,  11 ;  A.  Ill,  8 ;  scales  5-63-12,  50  pores.  Body 
elongate,  somewhat  fasifonu,  moderately  compressed ;  the  back  moderately 
elevated ;  caudal  peduncle  long  and  very  slender ;  profile  convex  on  snout, 
thence  straigbtish  to  occiput;  the  nape  low,  not  keeled;  snout  short, 
rather  pointed,  Sg  in  head;  eye  very  large,  3  in  head;  preorbital  very 
narrow,  its  least  width  14  in  head.  Mouth  moderate,  oblique,  the  lower 
jaw  projecting ;  maxillary  reaching  middle  of  eye,  2^(  in  head,  its  surface 
scaly;  interorbital  spaoc  slightly  concave,  4  in  head,  the  supraorbital 
ridges  prominent.  Upper  jaw  with  a  narrow  band  of  villiform  teeth, 
outside  of  which  is  a  row  of  moderate  teeth,  the  two  canines  (sometimes 
duplicated)  in  front  very  sharp  and  projecting  forward  and  downward, 
their  length  about  3  in  diameter  of  pu]iil;  lower  jaw  with  villiform  teeth 
in  front  of  jaw  only,  the  larger  teeth  of  the  outer  row  smaller  and  more 
numerous  than  in  the  npper  Jaw;  canines  of  lower  jaw  not  difierentiated; 
tongue  without  teoth ;  vomer  with  a  narrow  A-sbaped  patch  of  teeth, 
bluntish  in  front  and  without  backward  prolongation  on  median  line;  no 
t«eth  on  hyoid  or  pterygoid  bones.  Gill  rakers  long  and  slender,  their 
length  about  i  diami'ter  of  eye,  about  12  + 15.  Posterior  margin  of  pre- 
opercle  almost  straight  and  vertical,  scarcely  emarginate,  very  finely  ser- 
rate; the  teeth  a  little  coarser  at  the  angle.  Scales  rather  large,  the  rows 
all  running  parallel  with  the  lateral  line;  maxillary  with  about  12  scales; 
region  behind  eye  well  scaled ;  7  rows  of  scales  on  cheek;  4  rows  on  inter- 
opercle,  2  on  8ul>opercle,  and  8  on  opercle;  temporal  region  with  about  4 
rows  of  large  scales;  top  of  head  and  snout  naked;  lower  jaw  with  a  few 
embedded  scales ;  bases  of  soft  dornal  and  anal  soaleless.  Spinous  and  soft 
dorsals  connected;  dorsal  spines  rather  high  and  strong,  the  first  spine 
short,  }  length  of  second  or  longest  spine,  which  is  2  in  head,  the  spines 
thence  becoming  almost  regularly  and  gradually  shorter  to  last  spine, 
which  is  little  longer  than  first  spine;  margin  of  soft  dorsal  straight,  the 
rays  3  in  head,  the  last  ray  slightly  elongate,  its  length  2^  in  head;  anal 
similar  to  soft  dorsal,  its  last  ray  considerably  produced,  its  first  soft  rays 
when  depressed  reaching  little  beyond  base  of  last  ray;  anal  spines 
slender  and  regularly  graduated,  the  third  3|  in  head;  caudal  very  deeply 
forked,  the  upper  lobe  the  longer,  its  length  4  times  length  of  middle 
rays,  which  are  3|  in  head ;  upper  lobe  almost  filamentous,  longer  than 
head;  ventrals  1|  in  head;  ]>ectorals  falciform,  reaching  almost  to  nnal, 
1^  in  head.  Color  in  life,  brilliant  rose-red;  bases  of  the  scales  deeper; 
sides  and  belly  abruptly  paler,  rosy ;  month  reddish  within ;  lining  of 
gill  cavity  reddish ;  fins  all  rosy ;  siiinuus  dorsal  and  caudal  bright  red, 


tU«  atfa«r  iloH  paler.  In  njiirir^  these  culors  I'adv,  tli<-  TinIi  lnMiiniiii^  rnny 
white.  Leu);th  2  t«  3  fwt.  Wiwt  IritliuH  to  Miuluiru,  nut  yet  kuowu  from 
Floriiln;  iu  rattier  <lt?e|>  water;  KO'TUlljr  Cuiiimim  ou  rocky  liott'iniB.  Tbe 
epcciniPDS  here  (Ie8ori)>e<l  t'ruui  Havana.  ()ni<  of  tbe  niuHt  beauti/iil  ul' 
tlftbea.  A  v>>ry  similar  (•i)ecii«,  K.  larhunculuH  I'uvier  &  VuleucieniieB, 
o<;ciirm  in  tLo  Kaat  Ituliett  uiitl  nurth  tu  Jupaii.  As  iioticod  by  Teuiuiiuck 
Jk  Sclilogel  ami  liy  St«iii<lur1iiirr.  the  piibliskol  <lito<-rtptionts  show  d<i 
I'bHnM'tfi'istic  by  wliicb  K.  nrulatita  emi  be  Gepiinited  from  A',  i-arbiin- 
ralw.  It  in,  h<>w«ver,  uot  Mtl'e  to  uuit<>  tbe  two  until  lictnal  conipariiwu 
of  exiuiipliMt  can  be  uiu<le.     (nvulalui,  "i<ye«l,"  referring  to  the  litrKe  eye,) 

t  JttfUi  earbwncnlu*.  CPVIEn  &  Vaxjcmoik'ixso.  HUI.  Nat.  roi«s..  tl.  127,  1828,  Seychelles 

Archtpelago. 
StrraHH*  oeuLit\u,  CVV\**  &  Talkkcibhvss.  Hi8t.  N>U  PoiM..  ii,  306. 1826,  Martinique, 
if.'  ■•  ■ -r./#,  Lowe,  Flshtw  Madeira,  U,  1W3. 

(V  ■    MCuEU  \  'iHdKCHKL  Id  t>cuuMBrBi>K,  Ili«l.  Itarliniloii,  Mb,  1MH. 

Jia.     ,  -  .     jut.RiI.,  Ii-lilh.  .Vnalylinw.  279,  1850. 

Antltiat  •trtila.lMK  (iOXTMKK.  Cat-.  1.92, 1856. 
SUH»  *«uiu(tw,  Qlix,  i'ruti.  Av.  Kut.  ».l.  Vhtla.  Itt02,  447;  JoiiOA.<c  )c  SwatH,  I.  r.,  4«U: 

JuBDAJT  ii  Vkhimk.  I.  c,  457. 


I«S&.  KTKLIS  4<{l'ItO:<IAIUM  (Oonle  &  B««n|. 

A  niM'iiuil  Aiui^rican  apni-iea  of  tkU  (;eiiUB  biu  been  iudioutetl  in  thv  lol- 
lowinj!  wiinia: 

A  itpio'imen  (CiU.  Nu.  3734(i,  I'.  S.  X.  M.)  obtniui-d  by  tbe  t'uli  Hawk  hua 
b<H.<n  mispliM-iHl  and  ran  uut  tiuw  be  fully  desoribed. 

A  nol-t*  lu>li('»l«9  thiit  tbe  length  uf  ito  bead  wus  e<|nal  to  tbe  height  of 
il«  body,  w'hii'h  i»  cnitaiued  :.'{;  time*  in  the  tnlal  length  ( without  caudal). 
The  iliumi-tcr  of  th<<  orbit  ia  I'ontuined  3,\  times  in  the  hea<l  The  maxil- 
lary buno  v,as>  uaki-<I,  rather  than  »c'ulvd  a.*  iu  EMU  oeulaluf;  und  the 
acalr-.t  iiiitubercd  53  in  tbe  lat'Tiil  line,  7  above  und  14  below.  The  radial 
formula  wna  1).  .\,  11;  A.  Ill,  8.  A  Mnnll  tt|ieciiui<u,  pussibly  of  the  Banie 
a|H>4-le8,  will  obtained  by  the  illake,  olT  I>ominii'a,  at  .Stntinn  CVl,  in  524 
fathonia;  bnt  since  thiH  i«  les.'i  than  L!  inches  lou);,  :ind  the  Hnbject  of  the 
atMive  note  was  9,  it  la  imposaible  to  conlirui  tbe  idcutitieation  in  the 
»b»«uce  of  the  l:«rj{er  uperiiiieu,  (lioiMle  tV  Heini.)  The  lar);er  number  of 
wcalea  above  the  lateral  linu  would  indicate  that  this  HpncicH  is  allied  to 
Klttia  rather  than  to  Anthiut,  with  which  it  baa  uot  nnich  iu  i-uniniou. 
{nHuiUmatii,  of  the  north  wind:  uortburn.) 

t  aiiviUmmrU.iiivmf.  &  Itaaif.  Uoeaaic  lobthyolMi;)',  tM,  lt«a,  Oidf  at  ilexifn.  UtX. 
W  J8'  S..  Uing.  »-•  -JS' :»"  W. 

53a.  VERILU8.  Poey. 

Vrribu.  I'orr.  MmiurlM.  11,  12S,  isao  («<>n<trfiM). 

Body  oblonK,  cniiipri.ia.icd,  the  caudal  peduncle  short  and  thick:  head 
large,  the  aknll  largely  c;tveruun8  an<l  Hpon>:y  in  aubstauce;  eye  very 
larifr;  prt-orbit:>l  vi^rj  narrow;  mouth  lur);e,  the<°hiu  projectiUK;  cnnines 
uiodnrate;  toii^iie  oud  ptervKuids  tnotbleaa;  prcop^^rcle  with  u  nearly 
eatim  nteiubrauouB  <Mlge.    tScalea  liu-gu.     Liorsal  de«pljr  divided,  the  apiues 


1284         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


9,  the  soft  rays  acaly  at  base;  candal  short,  forked.  Color  diuky  pnr- 
pliah  without,  meiulintues  black  -vrithiu.  Interorbital  space  flat,  forui«d 
aa  in  EtrlU.  Frontals  cavemoiiB,  with  lotif;ituiliDal  iisseiiH  hiirB,  leaving 
interspaceH  in  front  of  triinsverBo  ridge  mid  011  each  side  near  the  front; 
Buprikorbital  mar^inii  smooth  ;  prefrontals  behind  with  simple  foramina  for 
olfactory  nerves.  The  genoH  is  technically  close  to  Elelii,  although  the 
aingte  known  apecies  is  very  difterent  from  EttUn  ociilatu».  Theeavemons 
character  of  the  skull  in  the  most  striking  feature  of  the  genus  r«rilu«. 
Onij  apecieSj  in  very  deep  water.  ("  Veril,  a  Spanish  word,  meaning  '  haat 
da  foud  conp6  ii  pLc/  upparently  an  allnsion  to  the  form  of  the  teeth. 
'Ne  vous  mottez  pas  en  ]ieiDo  ear  I'origine  du  nom,  lea  ineillearB,  ne  sont 
paa  les  pins  etymologiiines,  par  cola  lu^me  qa'lla  ont  one  signiflcatioD  rare- 
ment  eiolusive.'" — Poey.) 


16&S.  V'KBIl,[T8  HOBDIOCS,  Pcwy. 

{Ebcolab  Cumo.) 

Head  2?;  depth  3,  T>.  IX,  10;  A.  Ill,  7;  scalea  4-43-9,  41  pores.  Body 
olijong,  compresBod,  ratbt^r  robust;  oaudalpednnclo  short  and  thick;  bead 
large;  prolile  almost  straight  from  snout  to  origin  of  spinous  dorsal,  and 
not  at  all  steep  ;  snout  very  Hliort  and  blunt,  4  in  head;  eye  very  litrge,  2j 
in  bead;  intci'orbitH.1  space  Hat,  its  width  4^  in  head;  occipital  keel  very 
low  ;  prt'orbital  very  narrow,  7  in  eye,  nearly  20  in  bead ;  maxillary  reach- 
ing middle  nf  oyc,  2  In  head;  mouth  large,  oblique,  the  lower  jaw  pro- 
jecting; upper  jaw  with  a  ruthcr  broad  band  of  villiform  teeth,  the  outer 
row  BCiircely  enlarged;  2  moderate  canines  in  front  of  jaw,  curved 
inward;  lower  jaw  with  a  single  series  of  teeth  on  sides,  this  series 
giving  place  to  a  very  narrow  villiform  band  in  front,  with  2  (aome- 
times  dujdit'ated)  small  caoiiieti  dJn.'Ct&d  nearly  horizontally  baiikward; 
vomer  with  a  narrowly  V-shaped  patch  of  teeth,  without  backward  pro- 
longation im  median  line;  tongue  utid  pterygoids  without  teeth.  Gill 
rakers  inimeroiie,  their  length  almost  half  diameter  of  eye,  17  on  the 
lower  part  of  the  arcli,  all  developed.  Preopercle  with  posterior  margin 
weak  and  doxible,  almost  LMitire,  becoming  somewhat  serrate  at  the  angle 
and  on  lower  limb;  no  distinct  emargination,  but  the  angle  salient,  niem- 
branaceona.  Scales  larg<>,  the  rows  horizontal  below  the  lateral  line; 
those  above  rather  irregular,  the  sericH  running  upward  and  backward ; 
headscaliy  everywhere,  the  scales  generally  smaller  than  on  body ;  opercle 
with  3  rows  of  scales,  very  large,  1  row  on  saboperelc;  cheeks  with  many 
rows  of  scales,  those  in  the  middle  very  sraull;  1  or  2  rows  on  inter- 
opercle;  basiui  of  soft  dorsal  and  anal  somewhat  scaly,  I'seiidobranchitt! 
large,  Branchiastegala  7.  Spinous  and  soft  dorsals  entirely  separate; 
first  spine  ■!.{  in  second,  which  is  21^  in  head,  thespinca  thence  Incoming 
gradually  shorter  to  ninth  epioe,  which  about  equals  length  of  tlrst  spine; 
last  rays  of  dorsal  and  anal  not  [iroduced ;  margin  of  soft  dorsal  sligbtly 
concave,  the  anterior  rays  longest,  2|  in  head:  anal  similar  to  soft  dorsal, 
Its  margin  rather  more  concave,  tirst  soft  raya  extending  beyond  tips  of 
last  rays,  when  the  tin  is  depressed ;  anal  spines  moderate,  the  third 
sbghtly  longer  than  second,  2}  in  head;  candal  fln  short,  broad,  moder- 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1285 


atoly  forked,  the  upper  lobe  longer,  its  length  Rraroely  twice  that  of 
middle  rayB,  which  aru  2i  in  head ;  poctorala  long,  reaching  to  origin  of 
aual,  l.i  iu  hea.(l;  ▼entrala  1)  in  lioU'd.  Color  diieky  gray,  slightly  paler 
below;  tips  of  sptnotth  dorxal  tiiid  reutrala  jet  black,  the  linx  athnrwiae 
colored  us  the  body;  post(<rior  edgn  of  caudal  dnaky;  liuiDf;  iifgil]  cavity, 
pcritonenm,  and  posterior  part  of  nioutb  jet  black.  West  Indies,  very 
rarely  taken  ia  deep  water  oft  the  coiist  of  Cuba.  It  baa  never  been  seen 
elsewhere.  The  specimen  abovi?  di-scribeil  was  obtained  in  Havana.  (»or- 
did«t,  sordid,  from  the  dnll  cuIit,  in  ooutraat  with  the  brigbtneaa  ot  EMii 
oculatui,) 

T*rilut  tordidu*.  Post.  Memoriiu.  ii,  125,  pi.  Vi,  t\g.  0.  Ifino,  Cuba;  Post,  Repertorio.  ii. 
157.  1897;  FoBY,  SynupsU,  281,  1868;  Poar,  EaamoraUo,  32,  1875:  JoEUAH  &.  FsaLBB, 
i.  c„  468. 

S33.  XBNOCYS,  Jordan  &,  Uollman. 

XniMVf,  JoBDAK  A,  BoLLMAN,  Proc  V.  S.  NaU  Mna.  1889, 180  (Jeimr). 

This  genuB  Im  cloaely  related  to  Xtmiiliuii,  fniiii  which  it  differs  chiefly  in 
having  the  dorntil  fiim  entirely  Heparated,  the  apinoiia  part  of  9  Hpines, 
ite  V>a«i<*  coutainiag  th;vt  of  Hoft  dorsul  1}  tiniaa;  nntitrilH  smaller  and  closer 
together  than  in  Xenutiui ;  teeth  siualler;  the  iina  more  dennety  scaled 
and  the  occipital  creiit  lower.  The  single  speries  inhabits rotky  shores  in 
the  eastern  Pacilic  and  is  a  fish  of  remarkably  graceful  form.  (;£>oS, 
sti-ange;  a>;[us,  swift.) 

1M7.  XENOCTK  JEK!!tI£,  Jordan  &^  BoUmaa. 

Head  3};  depth  3}.  D.  X-I,  13  or  14;  A.  ill,  10  or  11;  scales  8-51-15. 
Body  narrowly  bat  regularly  elliptical,  cocuprussed;  back  little  elevated; 
mouth  rather  large,  somewhat  obHtjue;  lower  jaw  somewhat  projecting; 
maxillary  rather  broatl,  reaching  nearly  to  middle  of  pnpil,  2j  in  head; 
eye  large,  ita  diameter  greatest  obli<iuely  downward  and  backward,  etiuul 
to  snout,  3{  in  head ;  lotigitudiii.al  diameter  shorter  than  snont,  \i),  in  heittl ; 
preorbital  rather  narrow,  its  narrowest  place  2|  in  eye,  its  edge  entire, 
sheathing  the  edge  of  the  maxillary  for  its  whole  length.  Teeth  very 
small,  blinds  widrr  than  in  .\tmittiii*  vaU/i>ruhi%iii»,  those  on  vomer  in  a 
A-shaped  pat<:'b,  but  very  small.  Nostrila  minute,  close  together,  the 
anterior  rounil,  the  posterior  oblong.  .Sernr-  of  preoiierclo  ats»ngle  l>iunt, 
rather  flat,  none  below,  those  on  u«cending  tiuib  sriiuller  ami  sharper. 
liill  rakers  long  and  slender,  about  23  below  angle.  Ope.ri-le  without 
opines.  Cheeks  and  t,op  of  hea<i  with  small  scales;  lower  jaw  and  snout 
with  rudimentary  scaler;  maxillary  nuked;  scales  small,  lirra,  ctenoid. 
Dorsal  tins  entirely  sej>itrate,  the  interval  between  them  about  :f  diameter 
of  eye;  dorsal  spines  rather  high,  slender,  and  pnngout;  the  first  short, 
the  third  ami  fourth  of  equal  lengtU,  'J  in  head,  reaching  when  depressed 
to  the  tip  of  eighth;  the  sei-und  |  in  third;  soft  dorsal  longer  than  anal, 
il«  base  about  |  of  an  eye'n  iliniiieter  shorter  than  thiit  of  xpincnis  dorsal; 
second  anal  spine  noticetibly  shorter  than  third,  which  is  aluioat-l  iu  head; 


1286         Dulleliit  ^7,  United  States  NalioncU  Museum. 


Innfcestsoft  ray  26  in  head;  soft  ilnrsnl,  an;»l  anrt  base  nf  ventralB  closflj' 
rovered  with  uriiall  s(!ali>«;  ''uiulul  i1«»])],y  (Virkwi,  its  [R-duncle  !<k'U(lpr,  its 
ctpjHir  ]ol)(>  |1  inlu'ad;  purtonils  kiiin.  pointed,  1;  in  bead;  ventrjilsrearh- 
ing  .Hli^^ht.ly  iiinro  tliaii  \  <listinii'i'  to  veut,  1'^  in  head;  nxillary  Koale  ()f 
ventrnls  well  developed.  {'<dcir  fjriiyisU-blaok  al«»ve,  fiilvpry  lielow,  with 
about  7  diatini-t  1il!u:k,  titrtii^rht,  piirallcl  Htripea  on  hack  and  xidea,  which 
ext«iid  H-crogA  operi-loa  and  nlKMika,  thoao  ivlinve  Interaf  lini?  indivtinct  in 
old  uprciiiienB;  thi*  iipppr  utripes  alinnt  an  wide  as  tlie  iiiterspacps,  tht» 
liiwtT  narrower;  tap  ufln'nd  with  dintiurt  ntripea;  fins  dnsky,  c!cc«pt  the 
VRntruts.  Length  about  11  foot.  <ia).'ipa;;iiN  IhIiuhIb;  Imully  cninmun ; 
a  remarkably  graceful  and  ai-tive  tish.  CNanied  lor  Mm.  Jesflio  Knight 
.lord  an.) 

Xmocj/i  jraUm,  .Tubda.!C  &  BoiXMAN,  rroc.  V.  S.  NnC.  Miih.  ISHfi,  16u,  Charles  Utand, 
Oalapagos  Archipelago  (Type,  No.  41166.  C  S.  N.  M.  Coll.  Albatrou) ;  JOUDAS.  Proe. 
C«l.  Ac.  Sci.  1890.  :.'20,  pi.  H. 

534.  XENISTIUS,  Jordan  &  Gilbert. 

XtnUtiui,  Joiu>*N  U  BiLBEBT.  SynopaU,  920,  188.1  (calif omUntifi. 

This  gcnan  is  clcsely  related  lo  Xenicklkyn,  hut  it  ia  reniarkaldy  dis- 
tin^iiifihed  hy  the  relative  i1i>ve1opiiieiit  of  the  vertical  fins,  the  soft  dorsal 
Mild  anal  being  ainulnr  to  each  nthiT  mid  Hhortor  titan  the  npinona  dorsal. 
One  ripecieH  known,     {^iroi,  strango;  i6rli>v,  sail,  dorsal  fin.) 


1M8.  XKNlNTItK  CALIFORXtKNKlH  iSt«iD(ljtcbner). 

Head  3  tn  aj;  depth  3  to  ^.  D.  XI-I.  12;  A.  III.  H);  «r.-»lcs,  7-ri2-13. 
Hody  oldong-elliptical,  the  back  a  little  eh-vated;  head  eornprea8«<l ; 
inniith  moderate,  teiiiiinid.  very  olili<|Uo,  the  lownr  j;uv  strongly  protmd- 
iiig;  maxillary  narrow,  reaching  front  of  jinpil,  '2i  in  head;  eye  large,  3J 
to  3^  iu  head,  the  eye  smaller  and  the  boiie^  of  the  hend  finiier  thau  in 
XenirktliftD  rnnti;  teeth  sinull,  filiarp,  in  viM-y  narrow  bands,  those  on  vomer 
ill  »  A-shaped  patch,  but  mo  aniall  as  to  he  ncarcely  appreciable;  prcopor- 
cle  with  fine  sli.Tvp  Rerr.e ;  noMtrilit  small,  rnuud.  Gill  rakers  long  and 
slender,  1 1  4-  15to  L'O;  soalea  atiiall,  firm;  dorsal  linn  almost  separate ;  spinas 
slender  Hut  pungent;  third  and  fourth  ilorsnl  spines  longest,  1{  in  hea<l, 
th©<ithersgrndiially  shortened;  soft  dorsal  and  mini  similar  to  each  other, 
short,  shorter  thati  sjunons  dorsal,  the  anterior  rays  iiinch  higher  th.'jQ  in 
the  species  of  Xmiclillitfn;  (irst  soft  r.iy  nf  aTial  3  in  head;  soft  dorsal  and 
anal  scaly;  pei-tnral  liiis  rather  lonK,  H  in  head,  not  reaching  vent;  color 
bluish  above,  MJlvcry  below;  contiunons  dark  orangn  brown  stripes  on 
upper  part  of  body,  3  above  laterjil  line,  3  or  t  below;  upper  (ius  dusky, 
lower  mostly  pnle.  Length  about  a  frwit.  Pacitic  loast  of  Aruenea  from 
San  Diego  southward  to  La  Pazand  Unnyiuas;  rather eomiiion  southward; 
u  pretty  and  interesting  tlsh. 

XmirAtAyit  eali/i>mimti> .  STKINDACHinui,  Icbth.  D«ltrii|c«,  HI,  S,  1876.  San  Diego;  JoB- 

DAN  ii  UlLOEBT,  Syno|HiU,  &47. 
XtnitHvM  eat(/»mttntU,  Johdam  &  Fcsum,  Keviow  SparoliI  Piiib«a,  MO,  ISM 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America,      1287 


535-  XENICHTHYS,  <}ill. 

JTcnioAUvt.  n  ILU  Proo.  Ar.  Nat.  Sii.  IMiIIa.  lWa.H2  i.xa%\U). 

Body  (*]oi)gitte,  iinbriiHiform,coui)ireH8ed;  head  conir,  littl<<  I'atnproaHed; 
eyes  laryt,  siuterior;  preurliitul  narrow,  oM^ine;  prenpi'rclo  Burrnte: 
mouth  aiiiiill,  viry  fil»n>|iu>;  thin  tiiiu'h  jirojefttng.  it  imro  nii  t<iuh  side  of 
ilio  H.viiiphyKim;  teeth  very  Hniall,  n-ctirvcd,  in  imrrow  UiiiKJH  in  eii>h  jaw; 
vomer  with  »  rhoiiilioid  putfli  of  very  initiiit'i<  tot-th;  piiUtim-a  and  tonfriin 
tiviirly  or  qiiit«  loothleas;  branrbioJStci^alH  7.  Svalc>H  Hiiiitll,  iiriii.  ctenoid. 
Morsiil  tina  nearly  Heparat-e,  tbu  spine«,  tU  in  niinilier,  nlendrr  but  rigid, 
received  in  a  groove;  anal  witb:^  ^kduiited  spinee;  soft  ilorxiil  and  anal 
long,  low,  each  with  nhont  IK  soft  rays,  longer  thitn  the  MpinoiiK  ilorsal; 
caudal  eiiiarginal^ ;  iixilhtry  scale  ]ire8ent.  Two  gpecii^a.  KaKtern  PocifJc. 
(  $cVo>,  strange;  i^OiH,  flttli.) 

a.  Pect«rftl  Dn  falcate,  ahoai  >■  long  u  head  and  reaoblng  to  front  of  anal  flu;  color 

nnnrly  plain  Bilrpry.  aoahsizii,  ICiO. 

ac  Fveumtl  fln  abort,  \\  In  h«a<l,  aod  not  rearhlnft  naarljr  to  Tent,  cvlur  nilvttry  with 

fikiol  longitadinal  Rtreaka.  xahti,  1600. 

lASD.     XEMCHTHTK  iOAKSIZII,  RtainiiHchn«r. 

'  HMd  3;  depth  3.  D.  XI-I,  17  or  18;  A.  Ill,  17;  soali's  r»«.  Pectoral  fln 
Mwt*!  iiboiit  H8  long  EL8  t.h(«  bead,  and  reiiching  to  front  of  anal  lin  ;  eyo 
very  large,  2{  in  houd;  ttiioiit  hroad  Hiid  Dnt ;  niouth  obli«)nt!,  the  iiiaxil- 
larj-  2}  in  head;  tei'tli  quit*'  small,  those  on  vomer  Hcarccly  developwl ; 
uoution  piiliitines  (ir  tongue;  lowt>r.iuw  nuirb  projecting;  preojiercle  very 
finely  serrulate,  (•ill  rakers  8lend<-r  and  rntlier  long,  \  j  17;  noNtriU 
Buiall,  oblong,  thi^  longest  {  pupil;  body  coiiiiireHHed,  the  back  sninewhat 
«levat4Ml;  longest  dorsal  Hy>ine  not  ^  length  of  head;  Noft>  dorsitl  and 
anikl  low,  covered  with  huiuII  HcnleH;  L-audul  forked;  aual  spines  short, 
graduated,  thv  second  stonter;  lirttt  Soft  ray  of  nnal  Icsh  t-hnn  \  bead. 
Color  steel-blue  above,  silvery  bolow.  (ijilitpiiffoa  Islands;  lint  coninion; 
the  above  de«cription  from  one  of  tlu>  original  types.  (NitmiMl  for  Louis 
Agassiz.) 

XmMhOryt  OffOttUii,   STBlNUAruNEB,   lohth.  Hoitriigp,    ni,  t,  IS76,  Oalapagoa  lalands; 
JOBOAN  ii  FESLKR,  i.  C,  4S1. 


IMO.  XKXICIITKTN  Xi^'TI,  Gill. 

Head  3;  depth  3.  D.  XI-I,  18;  A.  Ill,  17  ;  scales  10^54-14.  Form  ellipti- 
ral,  the  body  i-oni]>aratlvi-ly  dei'p,  ronipreiutcd,  thn  biirk  somewhat  ele- 
vated; prutile  nearly  straight  from  siiiMit  to  base  of  dorsnl ;  head  Hnbconic, 
Aattish  above,  not  Ktrongly  (•omiire.'<aed ;  the  teinpnrnl  rfgion  proniim-nt; 
post-tcniporiil,  interorbital,  sind  sntiorbitnl  regions  8oini*wh;it  i-iivunioiiiii, 
yielding  to  the  touch;  nuchal  region  slightly  carinnte;  month  terminal, 
very  obli((no,  the  lower  jaw  strongly  projt'cfing,  itu  tip  entering  th<^  upper 
profile  of  head:  preorbital  rather  narrow,  its  lenwt  wiilth  Ichb  tlinn  d 
the  diameter  of  the  pupil.  Teeth  Mniull  and  fi^ettli-,  in  narrow  bands  in 
both  jBWB,  a  fewou  vomer,  uoue  on  palatines  or  tongue.     Noatrils  similar, 


1288  Bulletin  #7,  Untied  Slates  National  Museum. 


neftr  together,  obluug,  iiioro  than  twice  &!)  loni^  as  broad  (nearly  round  ia 
X,  (rcJi/ornicnirin).  Freorbitnl  regiiin,  upper  jaw,  and  tip  of  lower  jaw 
•naked;  rest  of  head  acaly.  Kdgo  of  preorbital  pntiii\  Eye  extremely 
large,  \  louger  than  tiiioiit,  wLieh  is  aouicwhtit  lougor  than  the  width 
of  tlio  tl;it  iiitnr<irbitnl  .sjiinci;  diuimtter  of  head  "X  in  Uin^^th  of  head.  Pr«>- 
opunde  jiroiliicf'd  nnd  tuenibrauac-eoim  at  its  single,  its  vnrtieal  limb  with 
woiik,  8h!>ri>  tpeth.  «iill  rakers  iDudurate,  about  \  iliamettT  of  pupil, 
6-f  14.  8(;iilo-'4  ii)ud«rut(i,  tliiu,  Komewb:>t  ctenoid,  thueip  of  the  breiutt  like 
the  uthers;  acutoH  on  brcatit  iirid  back  uomevvhat  reduct'd.  Dorsal  Hpinea 
high,  H«j.\ilde,  the  third  highest,  iim  long  im  auoiit  and  oye,  or  \\  in  bead, 
h\,  in  length  of  body;  tenth  dorsal  spiim  very  low;  elev«'nth  and  twelfth 
a  little  liigher;  Noft  dorsal  Iot  g  ittid  low,  itn  high<.>fit  rays  lesa  than  diaiue- 
ter  of  orbit,  \\*  hasti  J  length  of  head,  Blightly  longtr  than  baae  of  soft 
dorsal,  eijual  to  bosu  of  uual ;  anal  Mpin^s  small,  graduated,  the  third  { 
height  of  the  Boft  raya;  caudal  uiwierately  and  equally  forked,  the  mid- 
dle rajrs}  length  of  outer;  length uf  the  fin  tuorc  than  length  of  snout  and 
eye;  pectoral  .short,  not  reoi-hiug  nearly  tu  vent,  a  littlelonger  than  anont 
and  oye,  or  I^  in  head;  veutralH  not  nearly  reaching  vent,  If  in  bead, 
their  occewiory  scale  well  developed;  vertical  fins  with  wel]-deve!oped 
sheaths  of  !)(-alc«;  anal  entirely  scaly;  soft  dorsal,  pectorals,  and  ventrals 
mostly  covered  with  Moalos;  caudal  partly  scaled.  Coloration  in  life: 
Bat'k  bhiiHii-gray,  bidow  stilvery ;  upper  part  of  sidea  with  7  or  8  longitu- 
dinal, norrow,  yellowjsh-browu  streak*,  some  of  which  are  continueil  very 
faintly  on  the  head;  snnnt  Idacktnh  above,  yellowish  on  sides;  uioath 
light  yellow  within,  with  tip  of  tongue  and  membrane  of  lower  jaw  black- 
ish anteriorly ;  eye  with  a  dusky  yellowish  streak  surrounding  the  iris; 
spinous  dorsal  yellowish  below,  dunky  toward  the  margin;  other  vertical 
fins  yellowish,  with  some  scattered  black  points  and  with  narrow  black 
niargiua;  jiectorals  yellowish,  the  meml>r»ue  with  84'ries  of  dark  points 
between  the  rays;  ventrals  white,  with  a  dusky  yellow  blotch  on  the 
onler  \  of  outer  rays.  Yotiug  with  two  dark  longituilinal  stripes  and  a 
faint  duaky  spot  at  base  of  candal.  Here  described  from  the  types  of 
.WoicAlAyo  jrri»op«,  10  iuohex  long,  from  Panama.  Pacific  cooat  of  tropical 
Aenerioa;  fWim  Cape  San  Lacos  to  Panama;  common  southward.  (Xauied 
for  John  Xantus  de  Vasey,  who  made  a  remarkably  valuable  collection  of 
finhM  at  t'ape  San  Lucas. ) 

JfitM<*rAyt  x«itM,  Giu.,  Piw.  .\c.  yM.Sel.  Phila.  1881,  W,  Cape  San  I^caa;  youagi  Joa- 

UAM  A:  FxaLsa,  L  r..  Ml. 
XflMcJUAy*  anwp*.  JooriAJI  A   (jILaKSt,  Bnlt.  t^  S.  FUh  Qam.  1881.  tZS,  Panama;  adult. 

iTypv*.  Xoa  SlTSud  »6n.     Coll.  Gilbert  ) 


536.  NEMIPTERUS.  8wainson. 

MaMM*'**<  SwaiNSOa,  NaU  IIUU  FlabM.  »l«.,  u.  2SI,  183»  uflaauiUMWJI. 
i^MWTu.  tiCinnaa,  Cat-  Y\»\t.  lUlt.  Ua>  ,  I.  in,  tdSS  (/WmMu):  bM  J^Mfrii.  Blaekcr. 
Oaataa,  BuaKOa.  Synlaai*  INirc«niiii  ReTlaum,  2TS,  IgTSQltsaniifaiai);  not  of  Cvma, 
whan*  ^p»  M  DttAm  dmlm^ 

Tlkia  gaaaa  e«iBtaliM  aom«  30  ap«ci«a,  v»ry  cloiwly  ^ied  to  Uu«  Earopean 
gWBiua  iMitec  ftum  which  Uiey  »re  distisfvialwd  by  tbe  Iarg«r  scalea. 


Jordan  and  Evennann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1289 


smaller  month,  and  fewer  dorsul  Rpinee*.  all  ohnrii<?t«rB  of  minor  importance. 
All  are  Asiatic,  except  the  onu  very  iiupurfootly  lioHcrihcd  mpecios  said  to 
have  been  taken  in  onr  waters,    {vfi^ia,  thread;  nrtftov,  fin.) 

Head  4;  depth  3}  (with  caudal).  D.  X,  9;  A.  Ill,  7.  First  dorsiil  Hjiine, 
upper  lohe  uf  canditl,  and  iirHt  ray  uf  ventral,  pntdiircd  in  loDji;  tilnitienta. 
Color  red  (C"u\ier  &  Valeui'ieunes).  TLih  specii-N  iti  kooun  oiilj'  from  the 
original  typ<-,  a  young  specimen  ttiiid  to  hnve  heeu  sent  by  Diopering  from 
Mnrinam,  but  which  luay  be  reallj-  Ironi  the  Eojt  Indies.  Xi-mipteriii 
maerofumuB  agrees  very  clusely  with  .\emipieriiii  iiematopliorux,  Giintber, 
Grom  Sumatra.  According  to  FSlceker  the  chief  diH'erenucs  aro  theflc,  that 
in  maiTonemuB  but  1  dorsal  Npiue  is  filauieiitoiiH,  in  nematoplioyun  2;  in 
macronemus  the  fins  aro  more  puinteil.  \\l  these  are  doiilitfiil  cliarjicters, 
and  it  may  well  1)6  that  S'nniptcriin  nKierontnniiH  caitic  from  >Siuuittra  rathor 
than  from  Surinam.  Collections  Irani  the  Dutch  Kast  Indian  and  West 
Indian  colonies  have  been  repeatedly  mixed  in  European  museuuis. 
(U(XHfjn(,  long;  yi/tiii,  thread.) 
Dtnltx  filammlnmu,   CrviBR  k.  VALKMriSMNEg,  Hiat.  Nat.  Foi»B.,  Tl,  264,  pt.  15S,  1830, 

Surinam;  nut  Cantharut filamrtUoru*.  Ktippfrll.  also  »  AV»ii;>f<'ru4. 
SynagrU  maerontmtu,  (;CIntbeii.  (Int.,  i,  :i80.  1850,  Surinam;  after  CDVtBB. 
S»m^p(*mt  oMMrviMmuf,  Joauia  M  Fsbleb,  {.  c,  -ViS. 

FiimilyCL.     ILtMULID.*. 

(The  (Jrunter.'s,) 

Body  ohlonjj,  or  more  or  lefs  elevated,  covered  with  moderate-sized, 
ailherent  scales,  which  are  more  or  less  strongly  ctenoid  or  almost  cycloid; 
lateral  line  well  developed,  cauciirrent  with  the  back,  u^nally  uotu.\teudiug 
on  the  randal  <iu ;  head  large,  the  crests  on  the  skull  iisiiuUy  htrgc.ly  devel- 
oped: no  suborbital  stay;  month  large  or  amull,  usually  terminal,  low, 
and  horizontal ;  prcmaxlUarios  protractile,  their  spines  not  greatly  pro- 
duced backward;  maxillary  without  supplcuicntal  hone,  for  munt  of  its 
length  slipping  under  the  edge  of  the  preorbitnl,  which  forms  a  more  or 
lees  distinct  sheath;  preorbitnl  usually  broad,  no  barbels;  teeth  nil 
pointeil,  none  of  thetu  forming  marked  i-auines;  uo  teeth  on  the  vomer, 
palatines,  and  tongue;  lower  pharyngeals  separate,  with  pointed  teeth ; 
gill*  4,  a  large  slit  behind  tho  fourth;  pseudoiiriiiubiie  larger  gill  Pikers 
moderate:  gill  membraues  separate,  free  from  the  isthmus;  preoperde 
serrate  or  entire;  op«rele  with'urt  spines;  sides  of  he:id  usually  scaly; 
dorsal  fin  single,  continuous  or  deeply  notched,  soiuetimc.s  divided  into 
2  tins,  theapitie.^  usually  stron^r.  depressihie  in  a  groove;  the  spines  heter- 
acanthous,  that  is,  alternating,  the  one  stronger  on  the  right  side,  the 
other  on  the  left,  the  spines  usually  10  to  13  iu  unmbor;  anal  Qn  simiiar 
to  the  soft  dorsal,  and  with  3  spines;  ventral  tins  thoracic,  tho  rays  I, 
5,  with  a  more  or  h'SH  distinct  si-alelike  iijipendu^e  at  l>»se;  caudat  tin 
usually  more  or  less  concave  behind;  air  bladder  present,  usually  simjile; 
stomach  co^cal ;  pyloric  ctrca  few ;  vertebrn.' usually  10+11=24.  Kruncli- 
iostegals  osually  6  or  7.  Cranium  with  its  (nuciferous  system  moderately 
developed  or  rudimentary.  latcstiual  caual  short.  Carnivorous  fishes  of 
:i030 4 


1290         Bulletin  ^y.  United  Stales  National  Museum. 


the  warm  sgah,  most  of  theiu  valued  as  food,  r.'onera  abont  15;  speriea 
nearly  150.  Tht*  grou])  is  vm-y  oluso  lo  tho  Luiian'tdir  on  the  oue  hand  aud 
to  t.Le  Sparidin  cm  theothor,  ivbilt^  soiiik  of  itH  iiremHeriiKhow  uftinitiea  with 
Bome  Sciwuida'  and  Senanidtv.     (I'rUtip<Miialid<e,  Glintber,  Cat.,  1,  272-337.) 

a.  Chin  with  a  oontral  groove  beblnil  tlie  symphyaia  of  the  lower  Jaw. 

6.  Mouth  inure  or  I cHK  wid^,  the  jnwii»c.-<rlet  )>0HtvHurly  iullfe;  soft  parts  of  verti 
cal  fins  diMisvly  kcaIv  totboir  mart^ins. 
e.  Scales  abiiTs  laleTiil  liu»  ornuigeii  in  Tory  ubiiquv  seriea,  not  parallel  willi 
the  lah^riU  lluu. 
d.  JawaiiMl>e<;ual,  or  the  lower  included',  mouth  Uttiaabliqao;  gill  raken 
conijMTSIivciy  favr  itiid  nlmrt. 
«.  Durniil    Hpiiirs   12,    riirely    li;  Hrali^M  large;  gill  raken  few  and 
amnll  (10  to  U  on  lowpr  part  nf  aatfiriur  nrch);  frontal  fora 
men  a  aingle  or  dividod  elit  at  t)io  Iwae  of  the  high   itupra 
ocripitiil  cr«flt  In  front. 
/.  Moiitli  niudi'rale  ur  Ii>r|!e,  its  clpft  ntore  tlutu  ^  length  of  bead ; 
Ixai'li  uiori'iirlcRHi'li-vated;  i«m.m)sii1  unalapiueatroDg,  nota- 
bly liiUtftT  than  third.  Ummvvdv,  637. 
jy.  Moulli  aniatl,  it«  cleft  Icah  than  ^  length  of  licud ;  iMxly  rather 
elongate;  srcond  annl  itpiBe  amali ;  back  and  lidea  with 
lotigitndioal  yellow  atripca;    toetb   weak:    gill  raker* 
rather  fpw  nnd  sinnll  /  anoat  very  abort,  H  In  head ; 
frontal  forauiiiia  auiLimte  and  pincod  aotne  diatance  in 
front  of  thu  very  low  Hupraucoipital  Croat ;  premarillory 
siiine  wry  fthiirt,  4i  in  bead.                 Ukacthyoknts,  S38. 
M.  Rornal  upliu's  i:i;  auiilflntowi  pruorbital  low ;  gill  nik<'»  in  mod- 
erate or  rntlier  lariti'  nuinbi>r!i,  12  t"  18  on  lower  port  of  arch; 
loner  jnw  nut  jirojefiio);:  nj<uilli  littlu  oblique:  bmly  cotii- 
paratlvclj  I'luncnl*-.  (hi>  depth  2i  to  3^  in  length  ;  Iwdy  with 
longitudinal  yellowish  stri)M>B;  iK-uJea  nttber^niaU:  tVonlal 
foraiulna  long  divided  eUta  In  front  of  naproorripital  creat: 
al«e  small.                                                           Batiivstoma.  539 
dd.  Lower  jaw  projecilog  boyood  upper;  anont  very  abort;  cill  rakero 
oompamtiTely  long  and  nkudor.  aliout  22  »n  lower  part  of  anterior 
an'h ;  frontal  fiinuiiina  2  nhiirt  alite  r-loae  together  juat  in  front  of 
the  high  eiipraocttipilal  orest;  doraal  apinoa  12  or  13. 

LYTHBriAW,  540. 
<w.  ScaleH  above  littoral  linn  arrnnppd  in  longitudinal  Herioa,  which  are  thruugli 
out  [JtiraUlel  will]  llie  luteral  lini*:  rldrHnt  apJueH  13  or  14:  frxjulAl 
forumina  uarruwly  ovnl,  whuily  ncpiiniti-,  amno  dialatii'c  iti  front  u(  the 
low  gupraowipilal  ert'Hl .  iiremaxiUary  Mpiuc  abort,  3^  in  hcad;lowt<f 
jaw  projecting.  OiiTHOsTtei.'um.  541. 

bb.  Mouth  more  or  li«a  narruw,  not  loarlet  within ;  aoft  Una  naked  or  with  scales 
on  their  baaa]  parts 
]/.  Aoaltlu  short.  Its  rnya  III,  Ttoni,  10;  doraal  dn  more  or laaaemargluate. 
Its  apjneA  ralhor  robiiHt. 
A.  Body  ovate,  ttio  boik  Kleraied ;   depth  theater  than  length  of  th« 
beud;  ijiil«-r  twill  <.f  uppcrjuw  eulurcml ;  lip»  thick;  secoud  anal 
npino  strong;  soft  raya  of  dorsal  and  anal  itcaly  at  ba;^ 

AmeaTKmtivt,  542. 

hh.  It. idy  oblong,  the  depth  nanally  less  Iban  len;;th  of  head;  lips  not 

viry  tlii<:k;  HiaUwlarKi .  lho«eal>oTe lalerol  linclu stsriea  nioaUy 

parallel  Willi  IniiTuI  liiK-. 

i.  PreojMjn  le  v.ry  nharply  serraU>.  thr  aome  at  angle  muob  en 

largcd,  those  beluw  angle  turned  forward;  ouUr  teeth  in 

both  jaws  considrrnhly  enlnrurd;  soft  rays  of  dorsal  atul 

anal  more  or  leaa  acnly ;  socoud  anal  aiiine  enlarged. 

OoNODoir,  Ml. 


41 


4 


.^ 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1291 


M.  Preoperol*   flnelf  lerrata,  the  (61110  >t  tba  angle   aoarceljr 

eularpiHl,  tboss  below  Dcit  antrorsc;  leelh  anheqtul,  ax  the 

outer  in  upper  Jaw  »omewhat  enlars^d:  gill  rakers  vory 

Bbort  Mid  weak. 

j.  Soft  part  of  doraal  and  anal  with  scriea  of  ■mall  aoalea  on 

the  tneinbriinee  behind  ea<!li  my:  anal  apinre  amall  or 

mtMlt'rat*^,  \\w  Hvcntid  liitle,  if  an.v,  longer  or  ■triioiser 

tlianthinl;  anal  lowpr  than  the  sott  rayii;  budyobUiu};, 

not  el(«vjile<l :  nt^alcM  uJMjvt'  Iiit«nil  Linrt  par»llfil  with  the 

hai-k ;  darxui  (ii<in««  V\  f  lip unit  riiya  15 or  Ifl ;  outftr tenth 

ufuppLTjaw  !<ll;;htly  cohirKfd.   BlL^cuYDClTKBl's. 544. 

J/.  Soft  part«orr1iirH>iI  ttiitl  :iuul  nralvl(*.H8,  vxrept  a  low  ahoatli 

At  Ikaer-;  anal  Hpiui>f>  Htrnng,  the  srcond  much  longer 

and  tttrnncer  than  third;  dcir»ul  apini'a  Vi.  or  13,  the 

Holt  ra\»  VI  to  H.  P<>HM>Ai<t>^,  f'*.'", 

fg.  Anal  Bn  long  and  hiw,  itn  ru,\8  III,  10  to  III,  \^,  doraal  tin  low,  iiaiiolly 

not  deeply  euiaririuutci  anal  «plm<«  i>maU;  proopercle  liuvly  serrate 

or  entire;  oiU4-r  tenth  of  JawaslIghllyenlargMl;  gill  rakora  moderate, 

ratbor  xU-ndt'r. 

k.  Doraal  apiuoa  12  or  13. 

\.  Sealce  of  body  witliout  aerlea  of  amall  accesaury  acalea  at  baae,- 
aoftdorHul  iiud  anal  naked  i>r  ^iimenlintai.aly:  niniith  amall; 
lomiHiral  rnisl,  which  riars  (n>ni  behind  the  eye,  vory  low 
and  inrouepiduoua,  the  (ip]wr  vd^e  below  l>Bi>n  of  thti  high 
atipruoi-'CipllAl  crest,  which  originat4>fi  over  the  pupil. 

t)KTHC)l'RlSTll»,  540. 

U.  Scales  of  body  eai^li  with  u  i:liist«^r  uf  small  ui'vessory  scatea  at 

haae;  snfl  donuil  and  annl  with  aeries  of  small  stales  on  the 

menibranea.  HiiriEi.iji,  ,547. 

Vk.  Dorsal  iplmta  U;  acalea  very  smiUl;  soft  dortal  and  anal  nuked; 

skull  very  broad   and   rounded,  inlcrorhital   urt>a   uidiT  (hiiii 

length  of  nnout;  prfurbltul  very  iiarnjw  ;  llin  iL-iiipiirul  crest, 

which  rises  uliuve  the  pu|>il,  ruther  hit,'h,  its  tup  above  middle 

of  hcicbt  of  supraovolpital  orest,  which  orininates  over  front  i>f 

pupil.  MliKOLKPiDOTrfi,  348. 

aa.  Clunwilhpon'S,  biil  »  illinuoculrtklgrooTeattheaynipbyais;  prenpinle  finely  serrHlc. 

m.  Anterior  proWlo  winrave  iiltovo  the  eye;  inotit  (ribbous;  onter  tooth  in  bf»th 

Jaws  onlarjftMl  and  lihuit  (appeuraii<>t>  uf  vioifofr^niM) ;  j^ll  raUern  t<niall 

and  slender:  auji]  ilrt  ral.h«>r  long,  soft  dorsal  and  aual  f«i'aleleaj*. 

GRJn'ATBXMlTs,  &4g. 

537-  H/EMULON.-  Cuvior. 

(KONCOS  OR  (JRl'NT^^.) 

/M«ta«u,  DB^dlAitesT,  l'raiuii:'reI)c<;HdvIohtholo|;iqiie,34, 1823(;jarr>r=y(aFo(in«a4iu>',  not 

DiabatU  of  l{orrMA>8E<in,  a  t^ntis  •>(  Vutmiilna.  18in. 
namHluH,  CI'VIBR,   R<>gni-  Animal,   Kd.  Z,  II.  175,  1838  {tlryanii.  elr..;  testrietol  Uter  to 

tltff<uu  ^leiunnt. 
Anarm9*timScvuusH\iH.)  PtrrwAM,  Ball.  Mua.Coinp.Xvol.,  I,  12,  1863  (niuuB  only ; /avo- 

ItMmtHm,  aUi.);  name  prem«upie<l  in  inaecta,  .,4narmo<(WJ>,  Losw,  1800. 


.\r" 


.*  of  rtieinuloii  nn-  Aniericnu.     All  the  sprtiealiavi- more  or  less  uf  oranj;e 
(in  t  :  ho  uoiiitti,  a  tr:iif  of  ctdnraliou  not  fuuud  in  I'nmnflariji.     The  arnoiiiit  tif 

rwtiM  "  ->t  in  (himr  r*|ii-<-ii'S  lia\  jiif;  t)ie  hirj^C'i.t  n^outh.     Tlie  voiir^.^  lishes  in  this 

f^rtnip  iljiier  tn  prii)H)rtiiin  run^iiliTalriv  Irntii  the  ailiilts.  He«idi's  the  chutii:e»  iiBtial  in 
other  llsheM,  weuiay  olwerve  Ihm  in  l)rrmiil<m  lht<  yniitii;  have  the  i-iioul  proporlionalrly 
much  sliurter.  »"  that  the  maxillary,  alihoiti^b  nl«i  imich  MbortiT  in  prtjportion,  I'jiinds 
fisrtlicr  back  In  mmparisnn  wilb  the  e\n.  Nearly  "11  *Ih'  sp<a'ip»  Imvr,  wlifii  yoiiu^,  two 
•riDore  mure  or  less  sharidy  detini^l.  dark,  Inn^ilndlnal  stripes  ah>nir  the  side,  one  or  morn 
•long  thr  tup  nf  the  Uiail,  .ind  a  dark  npct  at  thi?  Iiaat-  of  t-aiidal.  1  hcse  niurkin^s  |>ersint 
Inui:'  .ipiH^ies  than  in  others,  bnt  traeen  of  them  at  least  may  be  (onud  In  the 

yoii'  aU  the  B|H>ciea  of  Bimnvlon  and  Pomailariii.    In  a  few  ipeciea  tbeaa 

lour  I,  -        I'       ft  during  life. 


1292         B\dletin  4j,  United  States  National  Museum. 


Body  oblong,  ugnally  more  or  less  olevated;  month  wide,  the  maxillary 
!oug  and  curved,  roai'hiiig  to  lieluw  t!ie  pji'e,  its  tiji  extending  to  tho  poste- 
rior end  of  tho  preorbltal;  chin  with  a  ceutral  fjroove  behind  the  i»yin- 
phjBia;  to  wit  Jaw  ini-liidiwi ;  gill  rakers  inodersitp;  do  teeth  on  vomer  or 
pntatineB:  teeth  of  tho  j;iw  cnnlciil,  the  outer  sericn  stronger,  rurved;  lips 
and  iriuido  «f  month  postori^irly  coaiuionly  bright  re<l  or  acfirlet  ia  life; 
preonercle  serrate,  with  no  rci-urvod  lutuks  below;  soft  jiiirts  of  the  ver- 
ticnllins  oonitdeti^ly  covirrd  with  senleit;  sciiles  ivboiit  latenit  line  in  series 
not  parallel  with  liiternl  line;  ii  marked  iiuglo  formed  at  the  jiuirtion  of 
the  tii])ino(m  and  'unit  piirts  of  the  dorsMl ;  dorHal  Hjttses  12  or  1 1 ;  seeond 
ttual  spine  enlurgrd,  guneriilly  large  mid  longer  than  tho  third;  caudal 
forked,     (a'V'rt,  bloodj     niKoy,  the  singular  of  oi'Acr,  the  giiiiis.) 

a.  Scmlea  belovr  latt^ral  1iii4>  aut«>riMr1y  not  P4|>et^ially  enlarf;<Ml. 
ft.  Sculra  aliovf  lateral  Hiit>  uiiteriorly  mil  miuli  enliirt'i-d. 

t.  Maxiltiiry  1\  tu  2\  In  Luuil,  uot  rdxliliii;  t«nli'r  ut  eye  (in  iwlull  I. 

d.  Bark  uiid  Hliltin  witliout  ypllow  or  Iihie  siriiiew;  iNicli  mule  nbovn  with 

anjiHlInu  blackinlnapot,  theHi< ronuinj;  uniliibiliiig  liDdifHpolNTaTFly 

aliAoletv  in  utnlt,  nbKCiirc  or  wuitlirg  iu  yonnic) ;  nikxillar.v  2)  U>  2) 

tu  head. 

e.  iV'stea  iu  a  vertical  row  from  Hmt  darsttl  apino  to  Utaral  Hue,  7  ur 

8  (9  ill  ftlilirjm-  m*rirs>. 

/.  Moiitli  mtht^r  umall,  niAXilUri  RrtTC<>ly  rroobing  to  front  or 

e.v«:  iMii-k  elcvHU'il;  preorbital  viT.v<li'ep,  Un  U<<)aI  brwul I li 

greatiir  lliuii  1cD(;IIi  n(  i>ye  in  mliiK.  i|  iv  4}  in  hxnil  in 

yuung;  Kocond  fla:il  ApiiH^  nut  rmt-liiii);  tu  lip  nf  laAt  my  . 

saoatlong  and  pniiilril,  "I  tn  2]  in  liend. 

g.  i^idea  wUli  alxmt  (liinrk  vertifnl  bAre:  Mdeaof  bead  wlili 

blarkiftb  Mpnra  like  ihoxi*  oT  bM]3* ;  domal  apioes  not 

griulimted;    set  otid  anal  apiuc   wli(>D  dopr«sse<l  nut 

reaclilDK  lip  of  laut  i<viiic.    nea<l:i,  dt<pth2i;  soali'a 

7-51-U.  n.  XII.  IT:  A.  tit.  ».       8Kxka«ci*tct«.  1«I2 

gg.  Bidi-ii  witUuut  dark  bar^:  bfud  uiiK|Hittw1;  doraal  Bpln<>ji 

graduated:    nf'cond    nnal    opine.    wh<-n    dcpri>»«Ml. 

ronohing  1>pyi>nd  tip  nl  laiit  apise.    Rend  -1:  depth 

2|:  U.  XII,  10:  A.  Ill,  1\  aealea  7  (or  8) -4S  to  48-16. 

ALni^M,  1683. 
J/.  Month  rather  tari;e,  maxillary  rcncbing  froDi  of  pupil .  luielc 
llttlsolfvaletl:  prmrbltal  r,itbcr  narrow,  itn  U-aal  width 
S  Iu  liiuid;  aCK'ond  ;iii:il  npino  reacliiii^  tip  of  lant  ruy  ; 
aiioiit.  r»tbrrl»n>!nri>1  ]iuiiile<l.  2^  in  bi-ml;  liaik  nud  aidra 
wilb  4  or  f>  blnrSi  loiii^itwUiiMl  ntruikH,  which  iUaiipp<\ar 
only  ill  very  old  (•xaiiipiea.     t>eptli  2J. 

HACROMTtlJItlH,    16A4. 

w.  ScaUw  in  a  Tcrtlcal  row  from  Drat  dorsal  *plu«  1«  (be  lal^'ml  linr, 

S  or  B. 

A.  Seriea  of  sealea  from  arapular  acale  cxteiidlng;  backward  tu 

froul   (if  Hiin  doraal:    aniMit   rutber  long  and   polntnl; 

moiitli  aniiill:  tbe  iiiaxillnry  1!]  to  3  inbpjid;  i>i!Ct<iniI  Hdk 

long,  i  lenglb  of  bead;  blank  apota  on  aiden  roaleiting  in 

cotitiiiiiiiiift alHi^ea-  bokariknsk,  KfTi^. 

Kh.  Series  of  araica  from  noopiilnr  aoale  not  extending  fnrllirr 

backward  Iban  tlie  nilddlt<^  of  apinuiin   duraali   otmut. 

sborler,   nut  very  acute  i  iiioulh  lurgor,  thc<  maiillar> 

abonl  2)   in  limd :   pn>mnxillury  ppxcaaes  aboat  S  in 

beail ;  dnrk  npota  «u  acalen  not  ooaloacent. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  Anurica.     1293 


{,  Depth  nf  body  about  2|  in  leii|[th ;  pecloral  flna  abort, 
IrM  tlian  I  li'iigtii  i>r  liciul :  gc-alca  sborn  lateral  line 
scvrely  ratiirgMl .  Iti-bll  3:  ileptll  2{  :  aojilos  fi-54>- 
U;  U.  XII,  U;  A.  lU.  7.  PAIIRA,  IflW. 

it.  D«{itli  nf  b<:Hly  2)  lii  Inaf^h;  pectoral  flna  long,  more 
(liiin  }  length  of  Iiouil.  M'lilra  alMtvv  latvriU  liun 
Hutiivirbat  (>»lar^'e<l  (in  xliilt).  H«acl  3|  \  depth  2| ; 
acalw 6-10-13 ;  D.  XI  or  Xll-IVorlS;  A.  Ill,  7. 

SCUDDEItt,  IMT. 

ffi/.  Book  and  mdeii  with  distinct  hortTODtal  ycllov  atrlprn.  fadlnx  but 
uulili8a|ip<'arius<i<  apirits;  im black  a|K>ta anywhere:  vertii-al  Una 
usually  duaky  yclluiv ;  Hcalv*  of  aides  aligtitlypoliirged;  niaxiUarr 
3^  in  hfixl,  roathliii:  IViinr  of  pupil;  body  nut  vory  d»ep:  anout 
abort,  not  \  Irngtb  nf  huaii;  Krcnnd  anal  apine  whi*u  d»pre!»a»l 
reachint;  tip  of  last  ray,  its  lengtb  almat  }  brad. 

rABDONAnil-.M,  1608. 

ee.  MaziUory  nearly  or  qnite   \  Inng^tli   of  head,  rrai^hln);  center  of  eyo  in 

adult  ^  no  black  B|>ots  or  strlpca  anywhrro  ill  tho  adult  (except  under 

angle  of  prcopcotJa), 

j.  Uai'k  and  sides  with  rows  of  mund  silvery  spots^  one  on  each  srala, 

these  forniing  stmika  whU  h  fullow  tlie  dircMvtian  of  the  rows  of 

scalM:  griiiiiid  colur  li^lit  nlivi-txiiwn:  una)  bigti;  a  lilsck  bloloh 

at  banc  of  cnudal .    tins  nil    yi'llnw:  biidy  rather  nlungate;  the 

snout  jtoinUtd;  iimxlllary  nlxiut  'Jjl  tn  li<'a<1;  second  anal  spine  2i 

in  be«l.    Ueiid  3 ;  <lei>tU  2S.  aiaba  7-5(^-U;  l>.  XU,  16;  A.  Ill,  B. 

S<TKIM>a<'llNKHI,  IdflS. 

j^  Back  uid  aides  with  continuons  yellow  strlpps,  wlilnh  are  burUontal 
and  do  not  eTerywhero  follow  the  dirpotlon  of  tlip  ruwn  of  scales; 
ground  odor  bluIsli-Kruy ;  back  with  a  wi'll-dt-lliiLd  blai'kUh  area 
from  first  ilorsal  apino  to  liase  (»f  raudal,  this  color  covering  most 
of  soft  dorsal  and  middle  of  caudal  lubea:  body  ralln-r  elongate; 
■Doot  moderate;  second  anal  spiiio  2}  In  bead.  Eload  3:  depth  3; 
scalra  7-5C-17;  I).  XII.  16;  A.  Ill,  8.  MItLA.fUBCM,  ICnO. 

^.  Back  and  aides  of  head  and  body  with  continiiaiia  blue  atripva,  hurl- 
MDtal,  and  not  everywhere  fallowing  thn  rowa  of  scales :  ground 
color  bright  yellow ;  flns  yellow,  the  I'audai  duaky  at  buac;  anuiit 
moderate;  t«eth  strong,  the  anterior  oanlnelikc;  seooud  anal 
spine  St  in  head.  Head  2] ;  depth  2{:  acales  7-e3-l«;  D.  XII.  16; 
A.  Ill,  8.  8CIII8C8,  1671, 

M.  Scales  above  lateral  line  anleriorlr  much  larger  than  the  other  scales ;  aides  of 
head  witli  bright  blue  stripes,  which  eiteod  for  a  abort  distance  only  on 
ImmIj;  iKidy  witbiMit  dlatinct  tuarkinga;  mouth  rery  larj^c,  Its  cleft  more 
than  \  head  tin  mluHi;  preiuaxtllary  pr<tc«s»es  2|  in  head;  anterior  pro- 
file soDiewbiiC  ciiucHvo,  the  Huoiit  aliarp,  prajiicting;  anal  rnlher  high,  its 
second  iiilne  Z\  in  head.  I'I.l'«[khi,  1673. 

01  Scales  lielow  laterailiiie  anteriorly  nineh  enlarged;  heiid,  bat-k,  and  abb's  with  eon* 
tinnons  bright  yellow  stripes,  those  Im-Idw  following  the  direction  of  the  sealea, 
nnd  therefore  extremely  uuduluting  fur  the  iiio.it  part;  body  with  2  lungl- 
tndinsl  bla4.'k  lines,  the  lower  rnnnlni;  Iroio  snout  tn  haae  of  cauilal.  ending  in  a 
black  spot,  thenppiT  eoinmeuriiij;  in  Iriint  of  noslrllaaud  ae/'iiniled  frotn  |hi". 
C'>dliig  by  M  pale  bami,  extemllng  hackwurd  tu  poateriur  end  of  aiifl  dorsal; 
region  in  front  nf  dornul  with  blnek  miMliiin  line;  other  abort  bln^'k  lines  on 
bead;  idack  a)iiit  at  angle  4if  preofa.trcle  purpliab.ailrcry  in  apirita;  ilTiHTsUttw; 
IMMteriur  teeth  cauinelikc;  liody  rather  deep:  auoiit  ahurt:  mouth  uot  largo, 
the  mazillary  2)  in  bead ;  anal  high,  its  seeoDd  aplne  2  in  head. 

ri^Vut.lNKATUll,  16711. 


1294         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 

\Wt.  HflCliOX  SEXFASCUTVM,  GUL 

(MOJABRA  AUIKJKBO.) 

Head  3;  depth  2%.  D.  XII,  17;  A.  Ill,  9;  scales'  6-51-14.  Form  of 
H.  album.  Body  comparatively  deep,  the  back  elevated  and  compressed, 
the  anterior  profile  steep  and  nearly  straight  from  tip  of  snout  to  above 
eye,  where  a  slight  angle  is  formed,  thence  rising  more  steeply  and  form- 
ing a  somewhat  steep  curve  before  the  dorsal ;  snout  pointed,  of  moderate 
length,  2}  in  head  <in  specimen  8  inches  in  length) ;  proportionately 
longer  in  the  adult.  Mouth  not  very  large,  the  maxillary  reaching  front 
of  eye  in  young  (8  inches),  not  nearly  reaching  eye  in  adult,  its  length  2i 
to  2}  in  head ;  lower  jaw  included.  Teeth  rather  slender,  the  antrorse 
teeth  of  posterior  part  of  lower  jaw  inconspicuous.  Eye  small  (4^  in  head 
in  young  of  8  inches).  Interorbi  tal  space  convex,  about  4  in  head ;  preor- 
bital  deep,  its  least  depth  greater  than  length  of  eye  in  a<lalt,  4}  in  head 
in  young  (8  inches) ;  preoperde  tiuely  and  rather  sharply  serrate.  Oill 
rakers  small,  about  8  + 12.  Scales  moderate,  those  above  lateral  line  not 
enlarged,  arran);ed  in  very  oblique  series;  those  below  lateral  line  also 
not  enlarged,  their  series  more  nearly  horizontal ;  soft  fins  scaled,  as  usual. 
Dorsal  spines  rather  slender,  the  fourth  highest,  2  in  head ;  longest  soft 
rays  3  in  head ;  caudal  lobes  Bu1>eiiual,  1^  in  head ;  longest  anal  rays  high, 
2^  in  head;  second  anal  spine  longer  and  a  little  stronger  than  third,  its 
tip  when  depressed  about  reaching  middle  of  last  anal  ray,  its  length  V 
in  heiul;  free  margin  of  anal  sontewhat  concave,  the  tips  of  the  find 
rays  when  depressed  reaching  tips  of  last  rays;  ventral  tins  i\  in  head: 
pectorals  li.  Frontal  foramen  a  single  divided  slit  in  front  of  the  high 
supraoccipital  crest  as  iu  other  species  of  the  subgenus  Heemulon.  Color 
pearly  grayish,  with  6  or  7  sharply  defined  dusky  cross-bands  from  hack 
to  lower  part  of  sides,  fa<1ing  below,  these  of  nearly  equal  width,  and, 
except  the  sixth  and  seventh,  of  about  equal  distinctness,  and  extend 
slightly  baekward  below ;  they  are  rather  wider  than  eye  and  about  equal 
to  the  paler  iuterspai-es;  the  first  is  at  the  nape,  extending  to  base  of  pec- 
toral; the  second  under  front  of  spinous  dorsal;  the  third  near  middle 
of  si>inous  dorsal;  the  fourth  under  last  spines;  the  fifth  and  sixth  under 
soft  dorsal ;  the  seveuth,  when  evident,  on  caudal  peduncle;  cheeks,  oper- 
cles,  and  anterior  part  of  sides  with  distinct  roundish  spots  of  brownish- 
bla<;k,  these  largest  and  best  defined  ou  the  opervlo;  fins  nearly  plifiu 
dusky  grayish.  Hero  described  from  No.  30997,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  from 
Colima,  8  inches  in  length.  Pacific  coast  of  tropical  America,  Gnaymas 
to  Panama;  not  very  abundant,  but  widely  distributed.  This  species  is 
the  Pacific  coast  representative  of  H.  album,  from  which  it  differs  stril-.- 
ingly  in  its  coloration.     It  reaches  a  similar  very  large  size,  specimen. 

*In  tbiH  guDiiB  the  scalrH  almvo  tlir  lateral  liiiu  are  rount«<1  vertically  from  the  first  dor- 
gal  apiiie  to  tile  lat<^nil  liiic;  tboso  below  tb«  lateral  line  from  the  tirHt  anal  *|iiiie  obliquely 
iipwuni  aud  forward  (o  tbe  lal4<ral  liue.  Tlu-.  acalrit  in  a  longitudinal  miTien  are,  aa  here 
Kiven,  the  number  of  vertical  rowa  above  the  lateral  line  Ironi  hond  to  baae  of  caudal. 
TbiH  number  ia  practically  the  Hanie  in  all  apeciea  of  the  kcdus,  tbe  vuriationa  above  or 
liolow  !HI  beine  Hli);lit.  'I'he  number  ot  obli<|u«  aeriCH  of  aealei)  or  of  iKirea  iu  the  lateral 
liue  IB  111  all  cuoea  about  10  fewer,  ur  about  4U. 


H«ftd  3;  depth  2|.  1).  XII,  16;  A.  Ill,  7;  scalw  7  or  8-46  to  48-16.  Dody 
comparatively  dovp,  thi>  back  nioro  elevated  and  iiiaru  aharply  voai{ireaKed 
than  in  iiuy  other  of  onr  NpccieH.  tliu  auteiior  prnlile  steep  aii4  ururly 
straight  from  tip  of  mioiit  to  uliuve  i«y<j,  wlinrc  a  sliijht  ini)j!t>  in  foruifil, 
tbepri)lil(<  tbence  risiii/;  uiort;  steeply  iuul  foriiiiiif;  a  somewbat  Bteept-urve 
liefore  the  dorsal.  Iti  iiiost  hjn-eiuiiMid,  e!t)>ecially  the  lur^er  uues,  tbu  am- 
cttvity  above  the  I'ye  is  well  iiiuiked,  uat,  kDwevcl',  lu  ull,  Siioiit  long, 
pointed,  it«l<'iiKlli  I'J  to  '2'\  in  bead  ;  vcntrnl  outline  iiL-uily  Hti'ai;;bt :  cau(l:il 
pednncle  riitlier  long.  Month  larjje,  the  uiaxilbiiy  oxlBiiiliii;^  tn  front  of 
eye,  its  li'iigth  'Jl  to  2?  in  bead,  lower  jaw  incliidrJ.  Truth  not  very  bir^^e, 
in  narrow  bundti,  the  autrorse  t«etb  of  the  pnaterior  pari  of  lower  jaw 
leas  di'Veloped  tbaii  in  Hume  o< her  Hpt-cies;  eyeaniiill,  5  to  7  in  ht'uxl;  inter- 
orbital  Hpace  stroiij^ly  convex,  it.s  width  H|f  in  ht^ad;  jneorUital  deep,  itit 
tcuat  breadth  4i  in  hoaid;  preoperole  finely  but  Bbar))ly  serrate,  the  t«oth 
coarser  alwvo.  In  most  of  the  Hpeciraens  these  serratioiiH  uredialiuct,  hut 
iu  one,  not  otherwise  peculiar,  tbuy  arc  scarcely  dlHtingiiishable.  Gill 
rakera  rather  small,  about  12  below  tlie  angle.  Scalos  Ukoderate,  tliuae 
abore  lateral  line  not  enlarged,  arrani^ed  in  very  oblique  Hcrie.n;  tbuse 
below  autre  nearly  horizontal;  soft  parts  of  dorsal  aud  n.ija.1  covered  with 
thin  triuisluceut  scaler.  Dorsal  spines  inther  sleuder.  tbc  fourth  hi);Loat 
aboat2i  in  head;  longi-st  soft  rays 5  in  lieml;  ciiudal  lobes  siibeijual,  1,';  iu 
head;  anal  moderntc',  its  longest  rays  -t  in  bead  ;  ifcond  anal  spine  stronger 
and  longer  than  third,  S(  in  head,  n-acbiiin  past  base  wf  the  last  ray  when 
depressed;  lirst  soft  rays  when  dejireHsed  not  reaching  ti[)g  of  last  rays; 
vcntrals  1}  in  head;  pectorals  1^.  Kouch  of  hcail  iisoally  ciivernoua; 
mucous  canal  aronud  preoperelo and  lower  jaw  very  large;  siiprauccipital 
rid^  high,  extending  forward  to  middle  of  ]iiipil ;  tcniiiural  crests  very 
low  ami  thin,  not  extending  forwar<l  <iuite  to  cud  of  supraoccipital  crest. 
Color  in  life  of  adult  lislum  (1^  U>  2  feet  in  length  J  jiearly  white,  sonve- 
what  olivaceous  above,  where  a  few  of  the  scaleN  have  very  faint  dark 
spotti  at  their  banes;  still  fainter  spotH  vLsible  along  the  scales  of  lower 
part  of  sides;  niiiiith  orange  witbiu;  lip;*  and  a  faint  blntcb  on  each  side 
uf  Knout  light  yellow;  a  dusky  shade  under  biIku  <>f  prc.opercle  (uiiicb 
more  distinct  in  ynuug);  lius  all  light  olive;  the  soft  tbirsal  suniewhnt 
daaky;  head  without  fitripesur  spots.  Vouug  more  distinctly  siiotted,  the 
spots  Bumll.  round.  blackiHh.  each  with  n  peiirly  edge;  one  under  each  scale 
of  back  aud  sides  very  distiuvt  when  the  lisli  is  alive,  <ir  after  its  scales  are 
removed,  but  disappearing  almost  entirely  with  death.     In  life  :i  broail, 


1296         Bulletin  4.7,  United  States  National  Museum. 

dnalcy,  lateral  band  is  also  distinct,  bat  all  traces  of  this  disappear  with 
death.  The  Cuban  specimens  are  more  dusky  iu  color  and  less  distinctly 
spotted ;  the  coloration  above  rather  brassy  than  pearly.  West  Indies ; 
Florida  Keys  to  Brazil ;  reaches  a  length  of  2  feet  or  more,  and  is  an  impor- 
tant food-fish  at  Key  West,  Havana,  Nassau,  St.  Thomas,  and  Jamaica. 
{albut,  white.) 

Pare::  marina  gibbota  (Margate-fish),  Catzsbt,  ^Nat.  HUt.  Car.,  2,  pi.  2,  1742,  Bahamas. 
Ptrea  gihbota,  WAiBAtni,  Artedi  Piac,  348,  1792;  after  Catbsbt  ;  not  Perca  giiibota,  Lin- 

KiBUS,  which  \»  EupomotU  gibboiu: 
CaUiodon  gibbomu,  Bux:k  Si.  Schneidkk,  .Syst.  Icbth.,  312, 1801 :  after  Catbsbt. 
HrnmuUm  album,  Cuvibb  Sc  Talbncibnnes,  Hiat.  Nat.  Poisa.,  v,  241. 1830,  St.  Thomas; 

JToBOAN  &  Feslbr,  I.  c,  468,  1883. 
BcemtUon  microphthalmum,  GCnthbb,  Cat.,  I,  3Ufl,  1858,  America. 
Heemulon  gibbotum,  Jordan  &,  .Swain,  I.  e.,  290,  1884. 

1664.  HflCLOX  XACROSTOICH,  GUnther. 
(Gray  Gbcnt;  Stbiped  Gbunt.) 
Head  2} ;  depth  2f.  D.  XII,  16;  A.  Ill,  8;  scales  7-51-13  (9  above  in  an 
oblique  series).  Body  oblong,  moderately  compressed,  the  anterior  profile 
almost  straight;  snout  rather  long  and  pointed,  its  length  2jt  iu  head;  eye 
large,  3i  in  head ;  mouth  rather  large,  the  maxillary  reaching  front  of  pupil, 
2^  in  head;  least  width  of  preorbital  about  5  in  head.  Teeth  moderate, 
the  outer  row  iu  the  upper  jaw  and  the  posterior  teeth  in  both  jaws  con- 
siderably enlarged.  Preopercle  moderately  serrate.  Gill  rakers  small. 
Scales  moderate,  those  above  lateral  line  not  eulargod ;  those  below  very 
slightly  enlarged ;  scales  above  arranged  in  very  oblique  series,  the  series 
below  oblique  anteriorly,  becoming  horizonttil  posteriorly.  Dorsal  spines 
strong,  the  longest  2f  iu  head ;  soft  dorsal  rather  high ;  caadal  lobes  sub- 
equal,  1|  in  head;  anal  spines  strong,  the  second  longest  and  strongest,  2} 
iu  head,  its  tip  reaching,  when  depressed,  beyond  tip  of  last  ray ;  soft  anal 
very  high,  its  free  margin  concave,  its  longest  ray  29  in  head,  reaching 
much  beyond  tip  of  last  ray;  pectorals  I'i  in  head;  ventrals  1}.  Color 
in  spirits,  pearly  gray,  with  conspicuous  narrow  dark  streaks,  arranged 
essentially  as  iu  the  young  of  all  the  other  species  of  Hwmulon,  but  in 
this  species  persistent  through  life;  a  median  streak  from  tip  of  snout  to 
dorsal,  1  from  snout  above  eye,  along  sides  of  back  to  last  ray  of  soft 
dorsal,  2  below  this  from  eye  above  to  last  ray  of  soft  dorsal,  the  upper 
one  more  or  less  interrupted  behind;  a  fourth  streak  from  eye  nearly 
straight  to  base  of  caudal;  traces  below  this  of  a  fifth  streak;  a  short 
streak  fom  eye  to  gill  opening,  between  the  third  and  fonrth  streaks;  thi 
is  continued  on  the  body  in  a  series  of  irregular  murks  and  dots;  a  large 
blaek  blotch  on  operclo  under  angle  of  preopercle;  fins  all  dusty  olive,  the 
pectorals  palest;  veutrals darkest.*  Here  described  from  No.  26555,  U.  8. 
N.  M.,  from  Key  West.  West  Indies,  north  to  Florida  Keys  and  Clearwater 
Harbor.     Not  very  common,     {/xanpoi,  long;  dro/na,  mouth.) 


*  We  have  examine<l  a|HH-iinena  of  this  apecied  from  Clearwater  Harbor,  Key  Weat, 
Jamaica,  auil  St.  Tliomaa.  The  lar/je  apecimeD  from  St.  Thomaa,  a  foot  in  length,  is  per- 
fectly unicolor,  (inly  some  of  thi?  upper  acali'S  having  darker  ceuter«.  Aflor  careful  c:ou- 
aidoration  wo  have  ileciiieil  that  H.  maerottomu  in.  tJiinther,  and  H .  fremebuudum,  (joo<le  & 
Ileau,  inuHt  be  identical,  althuogh  there  are  one  or  two  alight  discrepancies  iu  Giinther's 
description. 


Jordan  and  Eventiann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1297 


Betmnlon  maerMtvma.  OOlcrnan,  Cat.,  I,  308,  18S0,  Jamaica  (OoU.  Dr.  Parnell);  Jobdam 

&  SWAI!*,  I.  e..  389;  Jordan  .V  FEi^LEB.  I.  e.,  «70. 
UinniJon  /rrnuhitndum,  G<i<>riE  &'   Kkan,  Proc.  V.  S.  Nat.  Maa.  187B,  34A,  Clearwater 

Harbor.  Florida   ('lypii.    N.i.  23628,  U.8.N.M.    Cull.  Itt.  J.  W.Velio)  i    JoariAK  & 

SWAU«.  /.  «.,  297. 
/KaioAW /rnn>4iindu«,  .Toruan  *i  Uii.bert,  Synop»iK,  U3, 

IMS.  H^MULOX   B0.>AIIIOKK,  CiMier  ALYalenrieuuea. 
(BUACK  GRUNT;   BONt'O  PRJETO.) 

Heaa2»;  (li-ptbSj;  sruIcB  .-)-4l-10.  l>.XlI,li;:  A.III.S.  liody  oblong, 
(■orii|ii-e(usc<1,  tlio  b:ivk  ciitiHiilcrably  eluvated;  li4>uil  rutbcrlong;  tbe  Huout 
pointed,  rathor  loujftT  arttl  Hliu.r|iiT  (.ban  in  ll.parra,  tbe  ntitcrinr  prolile 
Htraigbt,  or  a  very  lit,t>Io  cmii^'iivc  before  the  cyHS.  .Sntiiit  2}  in  iiead  (iu 
yoong  off)  innbes).  Moutb  r:ilber  Minail,  Niiialler  tbaii  in  H.parra,  the 
raaxillary  barely  reacbing  front  of  Bye,  ita  Ic^itKtb  3  in  bend.  Teeth  of 
moderate  size,  the  utiter  aim!  in»»terior  Hoiiiewbikt  eularjied.  Kyemoder.ito, 
■Iji  111  heud;  interorbital  Hpart'  llattisb,  its  width  li  in  lieiid;  preorbital 
nioderate,  its  leiiitt  wii]lb4*  inhciul;  preoporclt-  modern telyserrfitc.  Gill 
rikkers  few  und  smiill,  Jiboitt  12  on  lower  pjirt  of  jircb.  SoaJM  liirgcr  tban 
IU  //.  parra  or  any  other  of  tbo  aprries;  those  ulttive  and  lielow  Interal 
line  about  eiinul  in  bI/.p;  tlioHe  above  nrranKed  in  serieH  which  are  leas 
obliqne  and  wore  nndnlsiting  than  in  related  species,  the  »erto«  from  tbo 
suapnlar  scale  fullowini;  tbe  directiou  of  the  lateral  line  for  aliotit  10 
himIhs,  then  tiiniing  abruptly  reaebiiig  the  booc  of  ttit  lajit  dorsal  nplue, 
iir  sonietiiiifH  the  ;interiiir  part  i>f  soft  ritir.ial;  soft  Wtm  scaly,  a»  usual. 
I>orsal  spines  of  luodoratf  i^tivu^tb,  the  fonrtb  2)  iu  head;  longest  ray 
of  soft  dorsal  1  iu  head;  catidiil  IJi  in  head;  aniil  high,  tbe  second  spine 
and  the  longest  rays  extending,  when  deprcs.sed,  well  U(.\rond  tip  of  last 
ray;  longest  soit  ray '2{  in  head;  nei'onil  spine  longer  and  xtronger  tban 
third, 2}  inbead;  pectorals  lou^,  IJi  in  bead;  vuntrnl»  tj.  Color  in  spirits, 
pe4irlygray;  i-enter  of  eacli  arale  lirnwnii^h-black,  these  eaulc-.'vciug  and 
forming  very  sharply  defined  cuiitinuuns  undulating  strtpe.s;  about  16  of 
these  between  front  of  dorsal  Hiul  front  of  au;il;  the  sixth  extending  from 
the  scapular  seale  to  luHt  durnul  spino;  base  of  caudal  blackisb;  tins 
dusky.  We&t  Indies,  south  to  Buenos  Ayres;  not  very  common,  (bona- 
rirm*t,  from  Baeaus  Ayres.) 

HttmuUm  bonarimtt,  CmTKR  Ic  VALENCiBHirES,  Hiat.  Nat.  Poiaa.,  v,  251,  1830,  Buenoa 

Ayres. 
Haimulan  eanna.  COTlEn  It  Valehciewkes.  IU»t.  Nat.  PoUa.,  v,  2:i3,  1830.    Martinique; 

nCimiKit,  Cm.,  1.311. 18M;  PoHY,  Ki>|«?rl<ir)",  I.  30O.  18«7;  not  of  Aua.'si/.  IK2fi. 
Hamuton  notatum,  I'oSV.  Hninoriiui.  U,  179, 1808,  Cuba;  PuKY,  Syuupaia,  317:  PoBV,  Kuu- 

memllo,  -M. 
fliwinulun  rrtroturrtni,  PoBY,  Rcpertorio,  n.  '236, 461, 1868,  Cuba. 
Utwrnulon  rontinuum,  PoKV.  Euuiiieruiio,  46,  IS?.*!,  Cuba. 
//(MAUjo/i  j<arriC..IORDAM  &.  .Swaim  I.«..292.  1884. 

leae.  II.K]ltXO.\  PARBA  (DeHmareat). 
(SAHXIK'K  C'nOICB:  BlJ.VCO  ItLA.VeO:  KONIX>  Phikto;    Rastaud  MABaAUST.) 

Head  3;  depth  2};  eye  large,  i  in  head.  D.  XII,  17;  A.  111,7;  scales 
.^50-14.    Body  cotnparati  vely  deep,  the  back  coiuprttssed  and  arched ;  ante- 


1298         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum, 


rior  profile  rather  steep  ond  convex,  steep  and  nearly  straight  from  tip  of 
snout  to  opposlt(>  front  of  eye;  here  an  obtiiso  angle  is  formeil,  titul  to  the 
ba»e  of  doraal  there  is  a  rather  even  curve.  In  other  HporimeiiN  there  is 
little  or  no  proriii nonce  before  eye.  Snont  comparatively  hi>;h  mid  obtuse, 
its  length  in  i*peoinien«  <>f  modernto  sine  3  in  head ;  xnoiit  ^iiorter  in  yonnj; 
HpenimeiKi  than  in  the  udiiU,  the  nnixilhiry  in  tl)e  yiinng  (extending  farther 
bnek  idthongli  proportionately  alinrl«r;  loontli  ratliiT  nniiill  (or  the  ^enun. 
the  TuiixiHivry  iiHiinlly  <'Xtotnling  a  littlts  lioyond  vertiral  from  front  of  eye, 
in  yonn^neiirly  to  inidiHo  of  eye,  itH  lenj;th  -?  in  hi-ail :  niuxilltiry  iu  tidult 
barely  reuuhiii^  front  of  eye;  javvH  Hiibo<iiial,  the  lower  8li;;blly  lauliidcd. 
Teeth  rather  Htronj;.  in  itiodorale  li:uid».  the  oiitor  lar^e,  the  untrorsu  teeth 
of  the  posterior  part  of  lower  .jaw  well  developeil,  [nterorbital  spaeo 
convex,  its  width -li  in  head;  preorbital  rather  deep,  its  li-ast  breadth  51 
in  head;  preopercle  fliudy,  but  sharply  xerrate,  the  teeth  near  the  angle 
farther  apart  Ibuu  the  others  hut  searcely  larger.  In  re^i^rd  to  the  serra- 
tion ol  \h\c  preopercle  we  liud  inneh  variation  ainon^  nnrxpeciuieuH,  some  of 
those  Croni  Cnlia.  corresponding  inoro  or  k'NH  perfeetly  to  //.  »trratiim,  Poey, 
have  tlic  jireoprrrlo  iihvav.H  stronj^ly  serrate,  while  others,  certainly  ror- 
rfspondiiig  to  U.  iiciiitim,  I'oey,  have  the  serratiouH  very  incunspicnous. 
The  Key  West  sjiecintens  are  in  this  respect  mostly  intirniediate,  and  none- 
of  tbeni  sliow  any  other  di.stinetive  ciiaraetcr  cnrrelatoil  with  tliedill'er- 
enees  in  the  preiipcrcle.  Ciill  r:iker«  small,  aliont  l.'xtn  tuwer  part  of  arch. 
.SeaU'-N  rather  large,  those  aliove  lateral  line  not  especially  enlarged,  ar- 
ranged ill  very  obliijuo  si-ries;  those  below  more  nearly  horizontal;  soft 
tins  well  scaled ;  series  of  Bualo«i  from  scapular  scale  reaching  fourth  to 
sixth  dorsjil  ^<pine.  Dorsal  spines  stniit,  the  fonrth  bigheat,2^  in  head; 
longest  si»ft  rays  H)  in  head ;  upper  caudal  lolie  rather  longer,  IK  in  head ; 
louge.st  anal  rays  2}[  iu  head,  reacbiut;  when  depressed  beyond  the  tips  of 
the  last  rays;  second  nnal  spine  stronger  and  longer  than  third,  'ii  in 
head,  reaching  when  dt-pressed  nearly  to  the  tip  of  the  last  ray;  ventrals 
IMuLead;  pectorals  short.  If.  Color  in  lifc.ilnll  pearly-grayish;  belly 
plain  grayish,  each  seale  on  bod}'  above  with  u  eonspienons  spot  of  dull 
olive-brown,  thi-se  rurniing  iuterrnpted,  oblique,  and  wavy  streaks;  head 
not  spotted;  month  not  much  red,  nauatiy  faintly  orange  near  the  angle 
in  yijiiug  specimens,  a  black  spot  on  operclv  under  angle  of  preoperele; 
iris  gilt;  fins  all  dull,  blackish-gray,  the  vcntiuls  niorc  or  les8  tip]>ed  with 
blaekish.  Younger  spectmeiks  have  dark  lateral  striiKss  arranged  pre- 
cisely as  in  //.  »«<i<T"ifi»niMm  and  H,  rimalor,  and  also  a  dark  blotch  nt  base 
of  oandal.  In  the  very  young  tlie  spots  on  the  scales  are  indistinct.  Cuban 
specimens  are  mostly  more  ilusky  in  color,  the  vertical  fins  mostly  black, 
and  the  spots  on  the  scales  larger  and  almost  black.  In  some  these  spnta 
coalesce  into  stripes,  )>itt  mure  nsnally  they  remain  distinct.  Other  ('nban 
apeoimens  ialhulHm^  are  very  pole,  the  dark  spots  light  brown,  onil  speci- 
mens of  rvery  intennediate  shade  are  in  the  collection.  There  are  never 
any  shades  of  blue  or  yellow  on  body  or  tins.  Here  described  from  Key 
West  speoi mens  lOf  inches  in  length.  West  Indies;  sonthern  Florida  to 
Br»cil;  very  common  at  Key  West  and  Havana.  (Named  for  Don  .Viilonio 
I'orra,  who  lirst  wrote,  in  IT8<),  on  t|)«  natural  history  of  Cuba.) 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishfs  of  North  Am/m'ra.     1299 


THtlxuii  patra,  DssiuaEeT,  Prem.  \Usc»Ati  Ichth.,  3U,  pi. '-  H-:  '-.  ^-l^'iH.  Havana. 

Smmulon  eaiuiiiiMeuia,  Cuviee,    R<'i;n«  AnJiual,  ¥A  -1%  Braxi: ;   Havana; 

on   FrtAiwo,  &tABcoiLAVK,  anil  IHabate  dt  I'arra.  i     CuviKB  &  Vaijcsoi- 

nans,  Hl«t.  Nat.  Pi>i»».,  v,  Kfl.  Ik:iO:  (U'lTTDKn,  ("Hi.,  1.  JUi  I'uKT.  !t(!|wrtciriii,  i.  310, 
1897;  JOBDAM  dl  OiLBKRT.  BiiU.  U.S.  Flab  Cotum.  1881,  3X2  (rcdvwrri|itluD  of  uriKlual 
ly|Ki), 

n»Htultm  chromU.  BBopsBowrT, MS., in  CirviKB  k  Vauoii-ibnnis,  Hlat  Nat  PoiM.,  v, 245, 
tftU). Jamaica;  IU'nthek.  <'at.,  I.UIIi. 

floiaulon  aeutum,  P(iey.  Mvmoriiu,  I1,  180.  \m\  Cuba;  ,loanAN  ic.  SWAM,  1 1.,  2B4. 

HiBmmton nrrahtm,  I'liKY,  Meinoriaa,  II.  181,  IWJU,  Cuba. 

IlirmuUtn  albUiuin,  PoEV.  Memorias,  II.  181, 1840,  Cuba. 

Jfinnulun  eanna,  AOARSIZ.  Spix,  Piac.  Bnuil.,  1,10,  |>l.  60,  IK'JD;  nnt  of  Cdvicb  &  VAlxif. 
OlElfNBS. 

DiahatU  chromU,  JoKDAjr  &.  fiiLBERT,  Syoopvia,  924. 

UotmuUn  iidrra,  JOKDAN  ic  FlSLKB.  I.e.,  471. 

iwi.  n.exiJLo\  HiaiuuKRi,*  uiu. 

(HOJAURA  PBIBTA.) 

Heail  »};  depth  2^.  D.  XI,  10  (Moiiii-tiaieB  XII,  15);  A.  Ill,  7;  scales  ^ 
4a-i;i;  eye  largo,  \  in  head.  Uixly  short  and  doe]i,  deeper  thuD  in  //.  parra, 
the  I  lack  compressed  and  arched;  anterior  protilt>  very  steep  and  nearly 
Btraight  from  the  tip  of  the  sauiit  to  the  tiape,  then  inenly  convex  :  Huont 
liiw  and  Khort  btit  not  olituso,  its  Icnj^th  in  xpccinicikg  of  iiiudurato  size,  3 
in  heiid;  uioath  couipuiMtively  Hniall,  tlio  niaxilliiry  exfc-iiditij;  in  adult 
barely  to  front  of  jinpil,  iU  length  -K  in  hoiid  ;  (cnv«r  jiiw  Hlifrhtly  in<'liidpiL 
Teeth  moderiitt',  the  posterior  t<.'«'th  oT  lower  jaw  larpist.  Intcrnrbital 
npiice  convex,  its  vt-idth  3{  iu  head;  preorbital  rather  deep,  its  leiiat 
breadth  .5  iu  hett<l;  preiipercle  rather  strongly  serrutc;  the  teeth  near  the 
angle  Iar>;br  and  farther  apart  than  the  others.  (!ill  riiker^  rather  stiiall, 
aboat  7-fl2-  Scales  rather  larK'*;  those  .-kbuvo  lateral  line  somewhat 
enlarged,  notably  larger  than  those  below,  and  arranged  in  very  oMi(|UQ 
series;  seriea  ul'  scales  from  scapnlur  Hcile  ruiichiiig  fil'th  dorsal  spine j 
soft  fins  well  scaled.  Dorsal  spineB  stunt,  the  fourth  hj<;hest,  2  iu  head; 
longest  Soft  rays  3^  in  head;  upper  caudal  lob«  Ij;  loii|;eHt  anal  raysl'^  in 
bead,  reaching,  when  depressed,  beyond  the  ti|i  of  the  last  rays,  the  free 
margin  of  the  tin  straight;  second  anal  spiue  longer  and  stron;;er  than 
third,  2,',i  in  head,  reaching,  when  depressed,  nearly  to  the  tip  of  the  last 
ray;  ventrals  1}  iu  hcMid;  pectorals  long,  1|',,  in  head.  Coloration  pre- 
cisely as  in  UarmHion  parra  and  undergoing  the  same  changes  with  age. 
Adnlt.  in  spirits,  dnll  pearljr  grajrish,  light  or  dark,  with  a  roundish  dusky 
blotch  at  base  of  eiK'h  scale  of  back  and  sidi's,  these  not  coalescent,  but 
forming  dark  interrupted  lines  in  the  direction  of  the  rows  of  scales; 
hea<l  unspotted,  a  black  blotch  unditr  angle  of  preopercle;  fins  dusky 
grayish,  the  pectorals  palest.  In  life,  adult  with  the  ba<-k  bright  yellow- 
olive  to  opposite  frniLt  of  dorsal,  the  piwterior  half  of  boily  more  or  leas 


•Tbia  rpecim  la  tijp  Paiillr  rt>i>rt-n>-nt:itiT»  of  Hinaulon  parrtt,     II  nsacfaita  a  ■liiilUir 
aiae,  ia  equjallf  aliiii"  i.  »  niaiilitr  nuiKnoC  varlalkina  aii<l  colnralinn. 

Themaiorlty  iifllH  UoitatUn  abirPaiinma  have  II  ilnr*al  »piiica 

and  corr,  •iMiriil  I..  /'  -!i-iii>larliiiir.     SlillollMTriof  lb»'m  havn,  bow- 

evar,  ].'  '    //    KuUdrri  «n<l  Il.limirutlrum      Wa 

■rs  un"  '  mcr  amoiij;  tlir<«o  ofm  Wik-iik.  hikI  T^tm 

alltoi/.i  _j.. >•,  !!■•  number  "f  nilDM  InrtilTerrailjr  U « 

K.     Hu  oUutt  »)f>xiv»  ttf  Uitntulutt  b<.»t  ha*  Urxat  apiOM  tlioD  i;!. 


1300         Bulletin  #7,  Untied  States  National  Musatm. 


abruptly  Bt«el-b1iie  black;  vertical  fInB  nil  blackisli;  in  some  tbe  wliolo 
biptiy  is  greenish,  in  others  only  tbo  anterior  half;  Itiwer  parts  all  (Sjny; 
mofit  of  th<;ae  Inrge  ones  show  )id  traces  of  npotn  011  HraK'H;  borio  show  a 
few  spots;  tins  silvery,  with  Kpld  above  and  below;  mouth  n-d  within. 
There  is  very  Kf^&t  vnriatioo  amonjj  individiialH  ns  iu  Ilivmithtii  parra, 
some  having  stna]!,  ahar|)ly  delinod  apotft,  some  large  Rpoci^,  atid  others  of 
the  saiae  si/e  none  at  all.  Ijength  I  foot  or  loas.  Pacifio  i-nust  of  tropical 
Ainorioa,  GiiBymas  to  ranaina;  evrrywhoro  comnimi,  eapecially  about 
rooks.  Ilrre  described  from  No.  292X2,  U.S.N.M.,  from  ['anama.  (Named 
for  Samuel  H.  JSciidder.  the  woll-known  outomologiat,  who  made  a 
very  careful  study  of  these  iiiibes  while  a  stadent  under  Profoseor 
A^assiz.) 

Bamulan  teudiltri,  GiLl.,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Scl.  Fhila.  1882,  353,  Cape  San  Lucas  <CoU 

XtiDtiiit);  Stiindacuner,  Ichtb.  Boltr.,  lu,  la,  1875. 
nanmilun  brtcirortnim,  UOktheb.  Finfai-s  Ct^utr.  Anier..  418,  1B09,  Panama. 
Hirmulnn  undfcimale,  Steindaciixkr.  Ii-hth   B«itr.,  ill,  11,  m.'>,  Acapulco;  Panama. 
rHahant  KiuUUri,  .lonKA.v  A  Hilbkht,  Proc.  P.  S.  XuJ.  Mua.  1882,  381,  Sl'8. 
Bimulan  seudileri.  .lOttDAN  Si.  SWAIN.  {.  c,  'J9€:  .ToRIiAN  &  VsatMB,  1. 1.,  472. 


I6«8.  U£aULO.M  I'ABBOMRILH,  Poey. 

(BONCO  L'ABtlONBaO.) 

Heail  3;  depth  2*;  eye  large,  Sj  in  head.  D.  XII,  1(5;  A.  Ill,  8;  scnlea 
7-65-1-1.  Hody  oblouj;;  the  buck  not  greatly  elevated,  the  pi-olile  nearly 
straight  or  alightiy  i-onve.x  from  tip  of  snout  to  above  eye,  theme  gibbous 
to  front  of  dorsal;  siioiit  Mhort.  iiioderately  [lointed,  it«  length  3;'-  in  head; 
mouth  not  very  large;  the  gape  somewhat  ciir^'ed;  the  maxillary  extend- 
ing nearly  or  i|iiite  to  front  of  pupil,  it«  length  2^  in  head;  lower  jaw 
rather  iiicliided.  Teeth  strong,  iinich  as  iu  U.  tciuritu,  but  a  little Nborter. 
luterurbitul  spare  llattisb,  t  in  bead;  proorbital  inodemtc,  its  least  breadth 
6  in  head;  preorliital  finely  but  rather  sharply  werrate;  gill  rakers  amall, 
9+14.  Scales  nioilerate,  thoai-  below  lateral  line  anteriorly  moderately 
enlarged,  their  series  nearly  horizontal;  series  above  lateral  line  very 
oblique,  liorsul  Hpiues  slotider  and  high,  the  fourth  t|  in  head;  longest 
Hoft  rays  :U  ;  iijiper  caudal  lobe  a  little  longer  thaa  lower,  \\  iu  head  ;  long- 
est anal  rays  2*  in  head,  their  tips  vthiMi  dejiresaed  ^eacliiag  beyond  tip 
of  lust  ray ;  aeconil  ana)  npine  strong,  2  iii  head,  iti^  tip  reaching  when 
depreHsed  about  to  tip  of  last  soft  ray;  ventrals  li  in  liead;  pectorals  If. 
Color  in  life,  liaht  bluish-gray,  much  as  iu  H.  jilumieri;  body  with  7  or  8 
deep  brassy-yellow  Htri|icxa  which  are  horisfoiital  above,  those  below  the 
lateral  line  a  little  curved,  following  tbe  rows  of  scales;  stripes  narrower 
than  interspace*  of  ground  color;  3  Htripea  above  lateral  lino,  3  or  4  below, 
the  latter  iialer;  little  black  under  angle  of  preopercle;  i-audal  Idackish- 
yellowisb  iittip;  solt  clor.'*iil.  mial,  and  ventrals  yellowish-Kray,  the  diHtal 
]>ortian  btat'ki.sh;  npiuoiiH  ilor^ul  bliliKli,  deep  yellow  at  biise  and  edge;  B 
yellowish  stripe  along  middle  of  tin  ;  pectoral  plain,  a  yellowish  bar  acron 
itM  base;  nynutb  deep  ic'd,  its  angle  dusky.  In  spirits,  grayish,  more  or 
lesa  shaded  with  dusky,  the  strijies  rather  faint  orange-brown.  A  few 
aiieoiiiieiiA  of  this  spovioti  that  we  have  examined  have  the  ground  color 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1301 


luuob  palor,  the  yellow  stripes  lighter,  .iiid  the  linB  all  lirlght  yellow  with- 
out dusky  shades.  Tht>y  prohably  rcprosent  a  VBriutiuii  ilu«  f  u  the  char- 
ncttr  of  the  liottoni,  aud  are  jipimrently  anatogons  to  tlie  form  of  H.  iriu- 
riiK,  which  has  been  called  //.  mullilinenliivi.  Length  almnt  10  iuches. 
Here  described  fri)iii  Havana  xjieciuiens,  !t  incliL's  in  li<ii)^th.  \Vi>»t  Indies 
and  the  licruiudos,  south  to  Hra/.i) ;  vi^ry  cniuiuoii  ut  Havana,  {nirbotia- 
riM«,  coaly,  in  allasiou  to  th«  coauuou  nanie.) 

Hatnultni  enrhimarium,   PoKr,  Mnmorljui,  II,  176,  IMO,  Cuba:  I'dky,  Srnupsla,  318,  MtH; 
JOBDA-N   &.  SWaIS.  /.  «,,  208;  JuRI>AN   Hi.    FlUILER.  i.  C  47'2. 


IMS.  H.CMVU^X  NTt:i\UArH5KKI<.runlun  ALOUIwrt). 

(BOMCADIIR    UaIAIX).) 

HeA<13;  depth  2J.  D.  Xlf.  Ifi;  A.III.  H;  scales  7-50-U  Body  oblong, 
moderately  cooiprMsed,  the  Imuk  somewhat  elevated;  the  protile  from  tbe 
■nont  to  the  haa«  of  the  dor-'<a1  nitber  steep  and  RtriiiKht,  or  ali(;bt]y 
conve:? ;  snont  pointnd,  of  iiiodenttr>  loiiKtb,  a  little  ninn'  than  {  length 
of  head;  ventral  oiitlhif  littli^  ciirvrd ;  eiinilal  pediini-li-  uesirly  twicB  as 
long  as  deep,  i.  U-ujitli  nl'  lii-iid:  liend  rather  long  and  pointed;  nioatb 
large,  little  oblique.  thi»  iircmii.xilliiry  below  lower  border  of  flve;  tht? 
lower  jaw  includi'd;  the  mitsiUjiry  '2  in  lieiid,  Pf aching  to  oiiposite  mid- 
dle of  i>iipil,  it.s  posterior  portion  eNtondiug  behind  tUr  prcorbital 
sheath.  TcM'th  strong,  in  ninderate  bnndH,  tbei  outiT  scries  (.'uliirged, 
eopecially  in  the  upper  Jaw  uud  uu  the  sides  of  (he  lower  jiiw.  Chin  with 
a  large  pit  and  2  |>oreH.  Kye  ruther  largo.  1  in  hfiid,  shorter  than  snout, 
which  is  more  than  width  of  the  lliittisli  intprortntul  ttpace,  about  { 
wider  than  the  moderate  prcorbital;  pronjiercle  sh.aridy  serrato,  its  up- 
right limb  nearly  straight.  Gill  rul<i<rs  shorl  and  w^enk,  about  15  on  lower 
part  of  arch.  Scales  moder:ite,  tbo»e  above  bitural  line  in  very  ubiiqiti' 
series,  beroining  horixoiital  on  tlir  caudal  peduncle,  thosci  below  it  in 
horizoDtnt  series;  vertical  lins  well-acali-d,  the  scaly  sheaths  of  ilorsal  ami 
anal  well  developed;  siales  on  breast  small.  DorHal  lin  rather  high,  tht> 
spines  strong,  the  fourth  or  lou^oHt  2^  in  head,  nbout  i  longer  thiin  the 
soft  rays;  c.'in<lal  short,  moderately  forked,  the  upper  lobe  sliglitly 
the  longer.  )  head;  second  anal  spine  strong,  2\  in  faenil ;  much  longer 
than  the  third  spine,  which  is  shorter  than  the  soft  rays;  xofi  rays 
of  anal  high,  the  lirst  soft  ray  when  dcprcsHCMl  reaching  ahuoat  to  tip  of 
last  ray  much  beyond  the  base  of  the  IoaI  ray;  ventral  tins  f  length 
of  head,  not  reaching  tips  of  pectorals,  which  are  oUniit  J  length  of 
head.  Color  in  life,  otivo  or  goldcTi-hniwn,  gohlen  below,  the  edges 
of  the  scales  of  back  with  brllliiiut  bluish  luster;  earh  scale  on  bai-k 
and  sides  with  a  median  iieiirly-MuiMh  s[iot  (much  largt^r  tban  tbc  npots 
in  LyihrvWii  JfariiiHiUilHw),  Ibese  forming  very  distinct  streaks,  having 
the  direction  of  the  rows  of  scales;  head  brownish,  unspotted;  a  large, 
distinet,  round  blackish  bb>ti-h  on  end  of  caudal  pcduuile  and  base  of 
vandal  flu,  more  distinct  than  in  ather  species  kuown  to  us;  a  distinct 
bjuish-black  vertical  bar  on  lower  anterior  part  of  opercio,  partly  rouccaled 
by  angle  of  preoporole;  fina  all  bright  gobloii-yclh^w;  ventruls  and  anal 


1302  Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


not  <liirk;  pcritoiieiiin  (liisljy.  Hore  di'McriliCMl  froiu  No.  29387,  U.  S. 
N.  M,  Ltoth  roants  of  tropii-al  Aaicrii-o;  (.iiiayiDas  fo  F^annma;  St. 
Lucia  to  Kit!  .Tanoiro ;  cHjiecinlty  abuiulant  about  Mazatliiti.  A  Hpeoiea 
of  sinull  si'xB,  fTfUBrally  comxikiii  ou  the  Piicitic  cooMt  of  tropical  America 
luad  on  tilt)  Buut;Iii!U8t  i-ouMt  nf  Kra/il,  uud  a  specimen  before  us  was 
tiilceti  Viy  the  Alhatront  at  8t.  LiictA.  We  have  exainiuii)  iiuuieroiiH 
speciuiotiH  from  IJrazil  in  the  Mtiaeniii  of  Comparative  Zoology  (from  Rio 
.Iiiiioiro,  Riofiraiulrdo  Siil,  F'ara,  mid  Maranliini)  amlotlien^  from  Ai-apuluo. 
On  roiiiiiariuii;  thoBc  with  J'aiilic  cnant  o\Biiip]i«K  wo  linii  in>  iliDVi-ence. 
This  id  probably  not  the  ■•ri>;iual  of  tbo  poorly  figured  //.  *<'hrank\  of 
Agasiti?,,  which  on  the  \vho|p  vvmuiik  niost  likely  to  have  Iwen  a  faded 
example  of  //.  mtXnvurum.  (Named  for  Dr.  Franz  .Stoindftchuer,  director 
of  the  lunaoniu  at  Vienna,  oue  of  thi>  iuokI  accurate  and  Hugacious  of 
ichtliyoloffista. ) 

Diabatu  tttiniaehntri,  i\tKaw  tc  (^ilLUEKT,  lUill.  U.  S.Fiali  Uoniiii.  1B81  (1882),  322,  Pan- 
ama and  Maiatlan  (T)']>9S  Nos. 29305  and  20387  (Panama),  aod  28172.  etc.  (Muat- 
Ian).     Coll.  (iillK'rt.) 

lJ<rmulrni  f/xudimacula,  Snnwxcmm,  Icblh.  Bvitrttge,  ill,  15,  1875;  not  of  CtrviRB  *i. 

VAI.KM"IB>7IK(«. 
/[(rntulnn  rtfindarhneri.  Jordan  &  HWAtN.  (.  c.  200, 1884. 
Uiriniiion  arAranH.   KVBHUAXN  >V  Jexkikh.  J'nx!.  T.  S,  Nat.  Mdh.  18B1,  l&3i    JOKDAX  & 

KlitiLKU.  I.  e.,  i73, 18KI;  not  of  Ada.-usix. 

1B7U.  iLKHIILUM  MELAMIIiril  (I.iiinmUH). 
(JtNilil'AJfA.) 

Head  3;  depth  3.  D.  XII,  16;  A.  Ill,  8;  scaleo  7-50-15.  Kye  moderate, 
5  in  hoiid;  iiitnri^rhital  width4;  pii-orbitallow,  it.'*  leasft  breadth  7  in  head. 
Oill  rakerit  aiuall,  i<-|-13.  litHly  toiiiparativi'ly  elimgatt',  tUc  baok  nut 
much  elevated,  the  profile  Hli^btty  convex  from  tip  of  snout  to  front  of 
eye,  tlienco  more  convt-x  t<>  front  of  dornal ;  vnoiit  of  moderate  length, 
rather  jtoiiited,  2)  in  head;  tiiouth  rather  lar^e,  the  gnpe  a  little  nirved, 
the  ntaxillury  reaching  ynsl  frmtt  of  pupil,  it«4  len);th  2  in  head;  teotli 
mwlerate,  those  in  front  somewhat  culari;rd;  autrorsc  teeth  of  posterior 
part  of  jaws  not  very  large.  Scnlr«i  moderate,  those  above  lateral  line  not 
enlarged,  their  urningetneat  about  as  in  //.  «riiir««,  Dornal  «ipiue«  rather 
slender,  the  fourth  2(  ill  head:  upiier  caudal  lobe  the  longer,  H  in  head; 
loiiKOSl  anal  rays  3  in  bead,  their  tip.s,  witeu  depressed,  not  extending 
beyond  last  ray;  seeoiid  anal  s]iine  L'i  to  2f  in  head,  reaebing,  when 
depressed,  rather  beyond  middle  of  lust  ray;  ventraU  li  in  bead;  pec- 
torals U,  not  reaching  )iivst  veutrale.  Color  in  life,  pearly  gray  ;  back  and 
sides  with  alK>nt  10  borixnutat  stripes  of  golden  yellow,  narrower  than 
the  iuter^paees  of  the  ground  eolur;  Miiuit  above  bluish-iliisky ;  a  ilusky 
utripe  through  eye  from  tip  of  snout  to  beliiud  gill  opening  ;  a  well-rleliued 
black  area  mi  back  and  caudal  tin,  iioundeil  l>elow  by  an  alimist  straight 
line  fri>in  lirKt  dorsal  spine  to  tip  of  lower  caudal  lobe;  middle  part  of  both 
caudal  lobes  black,  the  edges  gray;  a  black  spot  under  angle  of  preo- 
percle;  month  within  very  nsl;  pectorals,  ventrals,  and  anal  gray,  not 
yellow;  etott  dorsal  dusky  along  the  base.     West  Indies;  rather  romninu 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1303 


at  Harana  and  Houtbwanl.  It  reachvs  a  len;;tk  of  altont  a  fnot.  Here 
«le«cribe4  t'roin  llavHua  apecimens.  Others  exomiued  from  iSt.  Tboiuaa, 
Xaman,  and  Sombrero  Key.    (^eAa$,  black;  ot)pd,  tail.) 

Prrta  marina  tauda  nigra  (Black  Uil).  Catbshy.  HUt  Car.,  pi.  7.  flfr.  2,  IT4.'i.  Bahamu. 
tWea  mrlaniira,  l.nsujuve,  Synl,  Nat.,  X.  202,  1758;  XII,  48(1,  1700,  Bahamas;  l>a»iMl  on 

("ATtaBY. 

Hinuuliin  xArriiiln,  AOJkafil/,  .S|iix.  I'iiu'.  ilrasil.,  Vi\.  pt.  09. 1829,  Bnuil. 
Iliniiuluit  dorialt,  I'uEY,  Mtuuiirliit,  II,  17U,  IHav.  Cuba. 

Hfrmilvn  iii'lonnrum.  C'oPK.  Truua.  Am.PliiLSoc,  1871,  471 .  .Iokkax  &  SWAIM,   .  c,  300, 
1884  ;  JOKOAN  Jfc  Fbi>L8B.  I.  r.,  473. 

ISJl.  H.Eai'LON  8Cll'BIIK  (Shaw). 

(V«U>OW  GBU.iIT;    RONTO  AMARIMjO;   IlOAR  i;i(IXT.) 

HoiidSt;  depth  St  D.  XII,  16;  A.  111,8;  scales 7-r>3- 14.  Eye  moderate, 
4  in  head;  iDt<!ruvbital  Hpuce  courex,  3^  iu  head;  preorbitul  Miuderalu,  ita 
least  breadtli  fij  in  hi'iul ;  prenpi-rc-lo  tluely  setriite ;  gill  rakers  Riiiiill,  iiltoitt 
13+17.  BcmIj- oliloiig;  the  Itack  not  sjmciatly  eluvnU'il;  tLo  prutik^  nearly 
■traigbt  or  8li;{btly  concave  fnun  tip  of  Hiicmt  to  beiore  oyo,  tlit-nce  a  little 
Kibboiiii  to  liaae  of  duroiLl;  itiiatit  modcriitdy  iii'iite,  2^  iii  head.  Mouth 
I.trge,  thf  gap*)  ciirve<l,  tht-  innxillnry  resicliinjc  a  littk<  past  frant  of  piijiil, 
it«  length  2  in  head;  lower  jaw  aliglitly  inrliidcd;  toeth  strong;  upper 
jaw  in  front  with  aboiil  3  titrong  caaincH  on  bjicIi  «iide,  thuHo  gtmnger 
than  any  of  the  other  teeth;  front  teetli  of  lower  juw  ralhec  strong,  uh 
also  the  antrortu)  tct-tb  of  the  Imek  part  of  both  Jaws.  Si'aleM  iiuKlerate, 
thuao  above  lateral  line  not  at  all  enlarged,  arranged  in  obli(|ne  iSeries, 
those  b<"biw  iu  nearly  horizontal  ones.  Dorsal  xpities  rather  slender,  the 
fonrth  longest,  2';  in  bead ;  longest  soft  rays  4  ;  upper  caudal  lobe  longer 
than  lower,  H  in  head;  longest  anal  rays  2^  in  head,  tlinir  tips,  when 
depressed,  extending  beyond  the  tipn  of  the  last  rays;  second  .anal  spine 
stronger  and  longer  than  third,  2Jt  in  head,  its  tip,  Ti-heu  depressed,  rencli- 
ing  past  the  middle  of  the  laMt  ray;  ventnils  Iji  iu  head;  peetoruln  1'. 
Color  in  life,  di-t-p  brassy  yellow,  scarcely  paler  below  or  darker  above; 
bead  and  body  with  about  12  conspietioiis  slightly  wavy,  lougitiidiiinl 
stripes  of  eky-blne,  deeppBt  on  the  snout,  e.'icli  with  »  very  narrow  edge 
of  dusky  olive;  the.se  stripe,"!  on  the  head  curving  upward  below  eye,  the 
first  stripe  below  eye  forking  near  the  iiosterior  margin  of  preoperele  and 
inclosing  an  oblong  area  of  the  grooiid  color;  iris  gilt,  a  dark  .spot  iindnr 
the  angle  of  preo]iercli' ;  spinous  dor,sal  edged  and  shiidrd  with  yellowiHli, 
its  lucnibraue  mostly  bluish;  soft  ilorsal  yoIJowish;  cnndal  yollowlsb, 
broadly  dusky  at  base,  the  degree  of  this  duskiness  being  variable;  mouth 
deep  orange  within;  pectorals  pale  yellowish;  anal  and  ventrals  deeper 
yellowish;  the  young  have  more  yellow  on  tins  and  b-ss  on  body,  with 
traces  of  a  dark  candal  spot.  The  coloration  becomes  fainter  inspirits, 
the  blue  lines  beoouiiug  gray.  Here  described  from  examples  from  Key 
West,  1(1  inche.s  in  length.  Specimens  from  Cuba  are  slightly  darker, 
but  not  otherwise  dilTcrent.  Among  them  are  2  which  evidently  rorro- 
Rpond  to  //.  miiltilineatiim  of  Poey.  Tlicne,  in  life,  showed  the  following 
coloration:  Clear  bright  yellow,  with  brasmy  tinge,  the  stripes  cbiar 
«ky-blue,  without  darker  edge;  iris  yellow,  uo  black  at  base  of  caudal; 


1304  Bulletin  fj.  United  Stales  National  Museum. 


moDth  doep  red,  no  blavk  iindiT  aiigle  of  prcoitcrcle;  lins  yollow;  jiec- 
torah  and  vontrals  little  yellow,  i'olor  in  life  notably  diHcrent  from 
that  of  U.  Bciurui,  but  the  difTorvui'e  cousistD  n-iilly  lu  the  ubsence  of 
dusky  Bhadiu)!;  and  diHnppearH  eiitin-ly  in  H])iriti),  thcBc  specimtDS  bein^ 
now  scarcely  distiiigiiishjible  from  the  ordiuary  //.  seiurun.  West  ladies; 
I'lorida  Keys  to  Urii/il;  overy  where  commnii  in  the  West  lndi»-s;  a  hand- 
some species,  reiK'hing  ii  length  of  ix  iiichcs.  (»f  i«rii»,  8(|iiirrc>l,  from  the 
priintinf;  noise  of  Dipleciriim  formosiim,  with  which  species  it  was  early 
RonfouudedK 

Anthiat  formnmu.  Bux'H,  Ichtljyol.,  pi.  323.  I7W,  Antilles;  nut  Prrca /ormo/ia,  Lum^ZCB, 

with  which  it  ia  iilentllled :  Lhv  1>U<-r  in  IHjilrelrmn/ormotum. 
SparuA  teiuru-i,  Shaw,  Genf^ral  ZuuloiEy,  iv,  pi.  64,  1003,  Antilles;  luaed  ou  Ibe  deserfii- 

tion  unA  flRnro  of  Buicii. 
lloTHuluii  elegant.  CrviEK,  B<'-g:ne  Animal,  Ed.  2,  n.  17S,  1828;  no  deacriptloD;  boaocl  ou 

the  fi|(ura  hy  Bloch;  Cuvikr  k.  TALKNCiRNinM.  Hint.  Nat. roias.,  v,  237, 1830,  GCx- 

THIR,  Cat.,  1,306. 
JIXahan.it  ablujuatiu^'  ItRIO'KTT,  Zotiin^^iial  ,Iauriial  London,  V,  1835,    90,  Jamaica.     Btll« 

■(rippA  ou  bcMly  >t«i<l  lo  bi'ahlii|n<vllii'  ibucrigilloD  not  cnmvponditiu  fully  tu  thin  or 

any  otiier  kiiowu  B)»«i«a. 
.' a<niniloti  HmUit,  Castelmau.  Auim,  Som.  Rarsa, n,  18SS,  Bahia;  deacriplloa  very  Imper- 

ftmt 
HirmuUin  liiUu}a,  Pokt,  Mvniorina,  il.  174. 1H60.  Cuba. 
tiirinulon  multilineatHm,  roBV.  Mi'inoriao,  n,  17R.  1860.  Cuba. 
lioemuU'n  hiaii*.  Balv,  Ann.  Nal.  Hiat..  xv,  187.1, 268,  sp«ciiupD  from  Aspinwall. 
Diabanittteijant,  JiiRDAK  &'  (ilLBBKT,  SynopaU.  DC;). 

BtemuUyn  teiunu.  JoBUA.n,  Trttr.  V.  S.  Nat.  Miia    188i,  136;  JOROAW  &  8WAIH,  (. «..  30L 
£<«IIMil0AWMiru«,  JOBi>AN  Si  FesLER,  {.  C  474, 1893. 


IBii.  H£ai'LON  PLrMIEBI  (LsrCp^dr). 


(Common  <>Btn(T:  RoNco  RoNco ;  RoNCu  AbaaA.) 


Head  2(1;  depth  2J ;  eye  small,  5  to  6  in  head.  1>.  XII.  10;  A.  III.  8; 
scales  '1-50-17.  liody  niuderati'ly  ulouguto,  the  bark  el<<vuted  and  simie- 
what  compressed ;  hentl  long,  iho  Niiout  sharp  and  projecting,  its  length  21. 
iu  head;  anlerior  proiile  more  or  less  S-Hbiiped,  nearly  straight  from  tip  of 
■noiit  to  before  eye,  there  cnncav  e,  and  thunee  gilihuus  t.o  the  front  of 
dorsal,  old  speeioions  having  the  napo  uiuro  gibbmia  tbnu  yoiin^  ones. 


•Thp  folldwine  I"  Ui-nui'tt  adwcription  of— 

"  Ihabnint  nhliimaluti.—IiialiaD'ii  favttrfnt.  vaptl«  ^-ittl■  0(pmleta  dnottecjni,  eorporr 
Un«iii  cvniloiM  nliliquia  ■iiiinertmiH.  DurHiil  \i;  pectoral  16:  vnntinl  A;  luia)  ,%;  oamlnl 
16.  On  a  yi'llinrinli.  »oiiiL>wbat  finMoiisi.  giiioiiil  (iti'rhapii  ajteivd  liv  *h«  spirit,  In  whicli 
the  «pecinii<ii  li;ii<  lnv<ii  ininM-iwrd  for  about  tlin  n  nioiitti<):  tlip  inarliitigH  iin-  puli'  bliii-.  in 
Dunieroiis  viltie;  thintpnii  tlw  iii-uii  uiirt  iipt.T(iilii,  »  liiclj  urpminiewliat  liroailir  and  iiiort 
deeply  toldiired  tlian  tllMcw-  "f  tbr  bmiy.  aru  uparly  lonnitudlnal  alxiul  tui'lvr  in  number; 
tbuitoiif  ih*'  bi>dy  nn*  ohli<|no,  ditxilri!  iipwiiril  ui]d  bAckvrard.  The  Inltr-r  ure  formed 
by  lines  p^i.tNlug  itrrtms  the  fiiidille  of  f-ni'h  ki-aIc,  nttd  tm-'^coiiHef^iieiitly  uoiiierous,  not  le«n 
tfiiiD  Kliileen  or  wvcnteen  bein^  crna^ril  by  a  lino  ilriivvn  from  tliejiintlinn  of  tbr  apinuiiii 
and  noft  |K>rtlon>i  of  tbii  iloraal  fln  t^i  thti  U-ity  in  fronr  of  lb<>  auiik.  On  lh(>  full.  I)eblml 
thi>  diimal  uiid  aniil  linn,  itje  miirkinKn  lipriinic  Inneifndiiial.  in  iiboiU  nine  rnu'><.  The  fioa 
e«peoi»lly  rheir  s-calv,  '*">f(  pur! inn**,  arp  more  Iniirnus  lluiii  lliiOiodv.  into  Ibowe  IheniarV- 
inj(A  iln  Diit  rxteiid.  Tlir  btCeriil  lini'.  dctli-cteil  nptwtiite  li>  tlie  extix'iivity  of  the  ilomal 
Hn.  I^yi-llow,  iiTOI  in  itci'ouipiinii'il  bflow  b\  ii  Mtic  liu*-:  a  ^^imibir  liut*.  but  more  disliocl., 
piMMH  ftl„iie  iln  opprr  Mi;v.  I'lir  laioliil  ilii  in  l>tit«-d;  Ibi-  niiinr.i  nf  tliC  domul  are.  Illn. 
nienhma.  Thi"  fronl  mid  rxlrcim"  leeHi  in  earl)  law.  paporially  in  the  np|K'r,  nn'  lonEvr 
and  Mtronger  tlinn  the  othern,  and  nri'  aoiuowhat  hooked,  a  varianco  from  the  generic 
mark  'denlit  en  veluura'  Indicated  by  M.  Cuvior." 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1305 


Month  very  large,  the  ROpe  curved;  maxillivrj-  reftohin^;  to  fi  little  ht-'yond 
front  of  eyo,  its  length  1}  in  fa^-atl;  lower  jaw  slltrhtly  incJnded.  Teeth 
stroug,  in  rather  broad  baii<!(i,  those  of  the  outer  series  eiil!iTg<Ml;  ontrorBe 
teeth  of  posterior  purt  of  hotli  ,)hwh  wtroiig.  IiiterurhituI  spiico  convex, 
4  in  head;  pn-orbit:il  ratLt^r  deep,  its  lea«t  breadth  ti  iti  hend;  preo^wrcle 
finely  serrate.  Gill  rakers  mtiall,  iiliout  12+15.  Scales  rather  lurge,  thoBO 
above  lateral  line  aaterturly  vi'ry  miieh  enlarged,  aiTMiged  in  irregular  and 
very  obliqnesorii's,  those  below  aluo  nl>lii|iie, 

Dorsal  Hpiue8  Htoiit,  the  fotirth  longest,  2^  in  bead;  lunge«t  Noft  raya  3( 
in  bead;  caudal  lobes  siibequal,  2  in  head;  Iwiigeat  anal  rays  2.:(  in  head, 
their  lips,  when  ilopre«st>d,  abunt  rt-achiug  tips  of  tho  last  rays;  Bocond 
anal  spine  longer  niul  stroiiKer  thaji  third,  24  in  heud,  ittt  tip,  when 
depre.s«ed,  at  least  reaehiiitL;  middle  of  last  ray;  ventrals  1}  in  head;  pec- 
torals l^.  Color  in  life  bluish-gray,  the  base  of  the  scales  above  bright 
bronze,  tinged  with  ulivu  ;  bases  of  scales  below  lateral  line  aloo  bronze, 
this  color  forming  very  obliqite  ntripes,  rminiug  U{)War(l  and  liaclvward; 
anterior  region  above  lateral  lino  with  'i  or  4  nky-blue  stripen,  ill-detiQ<.>d, 
apparently  continuations  of  Htripes  of  bond;  head  golden-bronze,  with 
many  narrow  stripes  of  deep  clear  blue,  as  if  paintod  on,  these  nearly 
horizontal,  except  before  eye,  where  a  few  curved  ones  iTossthe  forehead; 
also  these  lines  cnrve  slightly  upwaril  below  eye.  Lips  dusky;  inHide  of 
month  deep  orange,  bordered  anteriorly  on  the  jaws  by  yellow;  a  greenish 
bar  on  o])ercle  partly  com'ealed  by  the  preopercle;  dorsal  grayish,  with  a 
narrow  yellow'edgc  on  jtpiuoiis  portion ;  ciindal  plain  gray ;  anal  gray,  tinged 
with  yellow  ;  vcntrals  gray,  with  a  clear  blue  luster  which  diHappnarH  after 
death;  pertorals  gray,  a  duaky  bar  at  base.  There  is  cousideriiblo  vnria. 
tion  in  the  depth  of  color  in  this  species.  The  young  is  siiuihir  to  the 
adult  in  color,  but  buH  traces  of  two  liitcral  bauds  and  a  diiHky  caudal 
spot.  The  color  in  spirits  difl'ers  only  in  the  Iilui<  becoming  du.nky.  West 
Inilies;  abundant  from  ( 'ape  Hatterns  to  Hto  Janeiro  on  sandy  Khores;  livre 
described  from  Key  West  specimens.  This  spucie.s  is  the  "(irunf  par 
excellence  of  onr  South  Atlantic  coast.  It  is  not  rarn  in  West  Floridannd 
on  the  (.'arolina  coast,  while  at  Key  West  it  is  th<'  most  abundant  food-dah, 
the  oinonnt  taken  during  the  year  exceeding  that  of  all  uther  shore  species 
combined.  At  Havana  it  is  proportionally  much  less  conimon.  though  stiU 
the  most  abundant  of  iti4  genus.  It  does  not  nNuntly  exceed  a  foot  in 
length,  although  individuals  18  inches  long  are  Bonictimcs  taken.  These 
large  grunta  have  the  liack  and  najio  more  elevated,  and  correspond  to 
Cnvier's  ffn-mulon  arcuaiiim.  (Nanieil  for  Futlicr  Pltuiiier,  an  early  nutural- 
ist  who  sent  drawings  of  the  tisbeM  of  Martiuique  to  the  luuseums  of  Europe.) 

Outlii  eoara  ltra*ili*nhbtu,  Harcohavk,  U\nt.  Hr.i<U.,  183, 1048,  Brazil. 

I'crca  marina  capita  itriato  (the  Grunt),  Catcsbv.  Hiat.  CaroIllM,  pi.  O.  174.'!,  Bahamaa, 

»to. 
l.nbrut  plumieri.  LaCRPIeDII,  Hilt. Nut. FoIsm.,  MI, 480,  pL 2, fif. 3,  IMS,  Martinique;  on  a 

copy  of  ailrnwiog  by  I'LDXIEB. 
Setmulon  formutntm,  Cpvibii,  Ri'>(rqi>  AnimHl,  V.i.  2,  n,  175, 1829,  Martinique;  GCntuek, 

C»t..l.il05,  \Xi9.  not  I'erta  /nrmoM  itX  I.i.vtr.nrs. 
Httmvl-m  aftnatum.  C'l'VIER  It.  VaLBHCUUMIS,  Ulst.  Nat.  Fdi««.,  IX.  481, 1B33,  Charleston, 

South  Carolina. 
3030 5 


1306         Bulletin  4.7,  United  States  National  Museum. 

Bamulon  arara,  Po*T,  Memorias,  II,  177,  1840,  Cuba. 

Htrmvion  tubareuatum.  Poet,  Ueroorlas,  n,  410, 1860,  Cuba;  a  Bpecimen  with  bine  banda 

on  anterior  half  of  head  only. 
Diabatit  plumitri,  Jordan  k  Gilskrt,  Proc  TT.  S.  Nat  Kna.  1882,  603;  Jobdam  &  Gn.- 

BEBT,  Synopsis,  971. 
Btemuhm  plumieri,  Jobdan  &  (;n,BBBT,  Proo.  IT.  8.  Nat.  Hns.  1884,  128;  Jobdan  & 

SWAV,  i.  e.,  303;  JOBOAM  &  FESLEB,  i.  C,  475. 

l«7t.  H£aULON  FLAVOLINEATUa  (Deamarest). 

(Fbbicr  GRVIIT;  Open-movtubd  GBDKT:  Ronco  Condknado.) 

Head  3;  depth  2}.  D.XIl,  14;  A.  Ill,  8;  scalea  6-50-11.  Eye  large,  3i 
iu  head ;  interorbital  width  3^ ;  preorbital  low,  its  least  width  1\  in  head. 
Preopercle  rather  evenly  and  sharply  serrate ;  gill  rakers  very  small,  about 
8  -(- 13.  Body  oblong-ovate,  comparatively  deep  and  compressed ;  back 
somewhat  elevated;  anterior  profile  nearly  straight  from  the  tip  of  the 
snoat  to  the  nape,  thence  gently  convex;  snout  rather  short,  acute,  its 
length  3  in  head.  Mouth  not  very  large,  the  gape  curved ;  maxillary  reach- 
ing about  to  opposite  front  of  the  pupil,  its  length  2^  in  head.  Teeth  of 
moderate  size,  the  outer  enlarged;  antrorso  teeth  in  the  posterior  part  of 
each  jaw  considerably  enlarged ;  those  of  the  upper  jaw  canineliktf,  larger 
than  any  of  the  other  teeth.  Scales  large;  those  of  the  anterior  and  mid- 
dle parts  of  the  body,  down  to  the  level  of  the  lower  part  of  pectoral, 
mnch  enlarged,  having  nearly  double  the  depth  of  the  scales  above  lateral 
line;  rows  above  lateral  line  running  very  obliquely  upward  and  back- 
ward ;  those  below  somewhat  wavy,  most  of  them  forming  a  curve  with 
the  convexity  downward  and  backward.  Dorsal  spines  moderate,  the 
fourth  2  in  head ;  upper  caiidal  lobe  It;  longest  anal  rays  2Hn  head,  their 
tips  extending,  when  depressed,  beyond  the  tip  of  the  last  ray ;  second  anal 
spine  much  longer  and  stronger  than  third,  2  in  head,  its  tip,  when 
depressed,  reaching  nearly  to  tip  of  last  ray;  ventrals  IJ  in  head;  pec- 
torals narrow  and  long  reaching  to  vent,  1^.  Color  in  life,  light  bluish-gray 
as  ground  color.  A  bronze-yellow  spot  on  the  upper  part  of  each  scale, 
these  forming  continuous  undulating  stripes  on  the  whole  body  and  head, 
wider  than  the  interspaces  of  the  gronud  color;  on  caudal  peduncle  they 
are  nearly  straight;  on  anterior  part  of  the  body  below  lateral  line  they 
are  broader  and  very  oblique.  A  horizontal  stripe,  crossing  the  others, 
runs  along  the  side  of  back  from  oeciput  to  last  rays  of  soft  dorsal,  of  the 
same  golden-yellow;  yellow  around  eye;  yellow  shades  and  streaks  on 
cheeks,  not  strongly  marked  as  in  H.  tdurut  and  H.  plumieri;  yellow  stripes 
on  top  of  head ;  angle  of  mouth  black,  inside  brick-red ;  a  large  black  blotch 
under  angle  of  preopercle;  fins  bright  golden-yellow,  the  pectoral  and 
spinous  dorsal  paler.  In  spirits  the  ground  color  becomes  grayish  and  the 
stripes  brownish  or  dusky.  Length  a  foot.  West  Indies;  Florida  Keys 
and  Bermudas  to  Brazil;  rare  in  Florida,  common  in  the  West  Indies;  one 
of  the  most  strongly  marked  species.  Here  described  from  Havana  speci- 
mens,   (flarug,  yellow;  lineatut,  marked  with  lines.) 

DiabiuU  flavolineattu,  Desmarest,  Prem.  Dtoide  Ichtb.,  35,  pi.  2,  ig.  1, 1823,  Ouba. 
Hataulon  httfrodon,  Cuvieb,  KJ^cne  Animnl,  Rd.  2,  II,  176,  1829,  Cuba ;  based  on  Diabati 
rayie  of  Desmabbst;  CrviBB  &  VALBMCiEiniES,  Hist.  Nat.  Polss.,  v,  265,  1830. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1307 


XTtemuion  zan«Aoj>(«ron,  CnriKB   It   Vaixxcibxnwi,    BiHt.   Nut.   Paiu..  t,    2U,  U30, 

Martinique. 
Bixmvli'n  latilhopUrum.  Gt'NTUEB,  Cut.,  I,  312, 1(159. 
UiTmuloK  /loTolineatvm,  POEV.  Kopcrtorio,   I,  309,  IM";  Jordan  &  Kkmlkb,  I.  c,  476; 

JoitUA.s  Sl  8WAIN.  l.e..  305. 


538.  BRACHYGENYS,  Scndder. 

Brackygcny  (Sctn>»SR  MS.)  PtiEV,  S.vno}iiiiii  PiBi-iuin  CiibonaLum,  310,  IBfiS  (/ninia<uin). 

Thin  genns  ditfera  from  Iloiniiion  in  the  smnll  moath  anrl  alonder  body, 
tbo  clolt.  of  the  month  lieiiig  k-.is  tbau  i  head,  tbo  huoui  vury  short,  the 
frontal  foraminn  8«|iitr.'itu.  |>tAi-cd  aoiiiu  distance  before  the  very  short 
sii[iraucci]>ital  crest.  Jawn  red  ivithiu.  <)u«  ji]iecit«8  kunwu,  (fipaxvi, 
short;  yerv^,  chin.) 

1«;4.  BRACHrfiEKYM  CHHTSIBOTREFK  miiutlinr). 

Head  3^ ;  depth  3^  to  3f  ;  eye  very  large,  3.  ]>.  XII,  14  ;  A.  Ill,  9;  scales 
7-62-13.  Botjy  more  elongate  than  in  any  of  the  other  Hpecies,  except  It. 
aufolineatiim,  moderntely  odnipreBsmi,  the  bai*k  little  vleviitcd,  the  proftle 
fomiiiig  a  weak  but  Dearly  rt'tjiilur  nnrve  frcuu  in  front  of  eyes  tr>  dorsal ; 
before  the  eyes  is  a  Bliglit  a.n)^1e  ami  the  pmtilc  nf  the  Hiiout  ia  ratbcr 
more  steep;  Miout  very  abort  atid  Dbtll^<^,  its  loiitrth  r<^  in  beud ;  nioutb 
very  smull  for  the  geuuH,  .sniiiUer  than  in  any  other  flpei'ieH,  it«  gat>e  bat 
little  curved;  niaxillavy  reaching  a  littl«  past  front  uf  eyo,  it«  length  3^- 
in  bead;  teeth  weaker  than  in  any  other  of  onr  spoci&H,  the  posterior 
teeth  scarcely  enlarged;  iubi>rorbit;il  npace  broa4l,  convex,  il«  l)rea(ltb  4 
in  bead;  preorbital  very  low,  its  least  breadth  71  in  he.id.  Pruopcrcle 
evfuly  and  rather  sbarply  serrate,  (iill  rnkers.tniall,  S  -}- 15.  8ealessniall, 
very  regularly  arraoged,  those  above  lut*'ral  line  in  very  oblii|ne  series, 
those  belnw  in  bori/.ontal  ^leries.  Dorsal  HpiiieH  slender  utid  high,  the 
fonrth  1|  in  heiul;  iip]ifr  t^andal  lobe  1;  posterior  of  anal  concavi',  lonjjt'Bt 
rays  3  in  heivl,  their  tips  not  nearly  rearhing,  when  dcpri'ssed,  to  the  tips 
of  the  last  rays;  second  anal  spine  short  and  weak,  2}  in  bead,  not  lunger 
thau  third,  an<l  bnt  little  stronger,  its  ti[),  when  doprensed,  reaibtng  to 
baMof  tiie  median  soft  ruys  and  not  lu  the  tipof  tho  third  spine;  vuiitrals 
Iji  in  hoad ;  pectorals  li;  frontal  forauiina  separate,  Moinu  distance  lieforo 
the  very  low  8npr»iicci]>itnl  crest.  Color  in  life,  blniub  atmve,  white  below, 
sides  with  6  stripes  of  clear  bronze-orange,  4  moat  dintinet,  all  of  etpial 
width,  alrant  half  pnpil ;  a  niediati  stripe  froio  luidrlle  of  interorldtal  spare 
to  dorsal;  the  nest  pair  from  tip  of  snoot  iiHove  to  ln,st  rays  of  dorsali 
becoiniug  median  on  i-andal  |)oiliimlL';  1  from  no.stril  above  eye  to  below 
last  rays  of  aoft  dorsal;  I  through  snout  and  eye,  ntraigbt  to  base  of 
caudal ;  1  below  eye  to  lower  jiart  i>(  raiidal;  a  very  fjiint  evnn  from  angle 
of  month  and  along  lower  p:nl  ol  sides;  axil  slightly  iliinky  ;  liuii  all  light 
orange-yellow,  unmarkeii;  dorsal  and  anal  with  very  narrow  dusky  edge; 
DO  trace  of  dark  caiidul  spot;  month  pale  reddish  within  in  young,  li^ht 
orange  in  adults.  In  spirits  the  body  and  bead  are  bltiiah-silvery.  This 
Uttle  tialij  tbe  smallest  of  the  group,  is  abundant  both  at  Key  West  and 


1308  Bulletin  ^y,  United  Stales  National  Museum. 


Havana.  None  of  the  Hpecimens  aeen  exceeds  tt  inches  in  length.  It 
liiHera  frum  the  uthera  in  the  lena  development  of  the  caromoits  8tructar« 
of  the  skull,  the  forEiinioa  ou  the  frontal  regioa  beuig  incouspiciious. 
(;ifpt»tfd?,  gold;  apyvpeoi,  silver.) 

f  <mM4)on  ekiytarffyrtvm,  GCnthkb.  Cat.,  (,  3U,  1850,  Tricidad. 
Ba-mulen  tamiatu'ti,  Poictr.  MeniDriiui,  ii,  182,  ]8S(I,  Cuba;  yoaog. 
BTiich\iiiriiijt  Itmiittti,  PoEV,  Kntimeratiu,  47,  IH75. 
HarmuUm  chrj/tartiyTtum,  JoiUiA.V  ii.  KEdLEtt.  I.  c,  470. 

539.  BATHYSTOMA.  Sctidder. 

(Tom  Tates.) 

Bathyntoma  (SctTDDBX  H8.)  I>TTrNAM.  Boll.  Hiu.  Comp.  Zool.,  I,  12,  1863  (jfHiffuano,  etc,) : 
no  [tellnition. 

This  geuiis  difiers  frun)  Uimnulon  in  the  presence  of  13  dorsal  spines; 
litidy  rather  nlonyat*;  tfill  rakers  rather  iiuint'rous,  12  to  18  on  lower  part 
of  anterior  arch;  inoiith  moderate;  scales  ainall;  frontal  foramina  long, 
divided   slits  lu    frout  of  the  aapraoccipital   crest.     Jaws  red  withiu. 

{/SciOtf,  low;  driifJa,  mouth.) 

a.  Moiit}>  haee,  the  maxillary  rraobinf  middle  of  eyis,  Ita  Ivnglh  nbont  ^  hnad;   gill 
rakern  rutbiT  abitrt  iiuil  few;  AisaleA  laodorate,  30  to  55  iu  tUi*  lateral  linv,  scoriod 
anal  Hpinu  Bcarrcly  Inrger  or  longer  IhaEi  third,  2{  or  iiinrp  in  liead. 
b.  Body  oblonj;,  the  bark  modrralrly  elevat«d,  tbi<  depth  'H  to  3  tn  lu&gtb. 

BIMATUH,  ItfJi. 

bi).  Body  ■nbrasirorm,  tEii'  Imu'Ic  little  elevaUsd,  th«  deittli  31  to  3^  in  lengtb. 

At;BOLl.NKATt7K.  1676. 

aa.  Mnuth  rather  amall,  the  maxitlary  not  reaoliiug  to  oppoeito  middle  of  c.vo.  ita 
length  not  qiiilA  ^  head;  gill  rakers  nnnirroiiH,  rallier  long;  nraleii  Rniall, 
nlmnlTO  m  latornl  line;  acmnd  anal  Hplnn  Dulalily  lijngi?r  and  lurgnr  than  tliird, 
body  more  elongate  than  Id  other  apvcioa,  depth  about  3^  in  length. 

STBIATl'M,  1677. 

larri.  BATHVKTfta*  KIMJITnR  annUu  A  Swain). 

(Tom   T*TE;   KEI>  UOITII   (JRDNT.   (.'.EdAB.) 

Head  2^  ;  depth  2^ ;  eye  nithor  large,  41  iu  hi-ud  ;  iuterorhital  spai'e  con- 
vex, 3}  in  he:td ;  pt'tinrbitui  low,  Us  least  liroadth  K  in  bead.  Gill  rnkers 
Hiuall,  ahoiit  U+IC.  D.  XUl,  15;  .\.  Ill,  8;  acalen  8-51-l».  Rody  rather 
elougate  hut  not  iii.siform,  the  back  souiewhat  elevated,  the  protile  straight 
or  slightly  convex  from  tip  orfsiiuiit  to  behind  t>y«,  wki-rt-  it  becomes  grad- 
ually more  roiivc-x;  mioiit  nhort,  rather  pointed,  iibuiil  3  in  heuil.  Mouth 
large,  tlio  luaxiilary  reaching  middles  of  pupil,  its  louj^'th  1'  in  bead.  'IVfth 
not  very  ntning,  those  ol  tb«<  outtT  sorii-s  a  little  uubirgcd,  the  untrorcH 
posteritir  teoth  rather  large,  ^^ali-s  ntthoi  mnall,  ttioMu  aluito  lutt-rul  line 
regiihirly  arruugfil  iu  obliiiiic  (H'ries,  t\w  series  below  iii'arly  horizoutal. 
Dorsal  Hpine»  slouder  aud  high,  the  fimrtli  2  to  2k  in  lH<ad:  uppcf  caudnl 
lobe  1^  iu  head;  longest  anal  rays  3  in  head,  their  tips  uut  reaclting  tips  of 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1309 


laat  raya  when  depresiifMl ;  Recond  anal  spiiio  bnt  little  longer  thau  third, 
3|  in  head,  the  two  more  iiparly  equal  than  iiHiial  iu  thi«  ^enuH,  ttieir  tips, 
whendepresse)!,  rfacbtug  ]iii<l<IIeof  lastray ;  ventralH  1}  iu  head;  pectoraln 
\\,  their  tips  Dot  reaching  past  tips  of  vpntrals.  Frontal  foramina  as  in 
otherspeciesof  tho!fuhgeQU8  Rathyntoma,  lonjj  divided  hIUs  in  fiunt  of  tbi- 
Bnpruui.-cipital  rre.Mt.  Cnlor  in  lift',  silvery  whiti-,  ali^'litly  bluish  aho>o, 
with  iridewOent  relli-ctions;  ••djjes  of  scales  of  litMly  lijrbt  yellow,  these 
forming  continuous  light  yelli)\v  lineH,  th<i8i<  lielow  lateral  line  horiznntui, 
those  iibovo  very  obliiiiie:  bt>»id»")<  those,  a  narrow  I'uiitinuoiis  streak  of 
light  yellow  above  lateral  lino,  from  head  to  end  of  soft  dorsal,  aud  another 
from  eye  to  middle  of  caudal ;  head  silvi>ry-yuHiiwi»b  above;  inside  of 
month  re<l:  uo  btark  under  preoperule:  traces  of  hiaek  blotch  at  boMC  of 
candal ;  fins  colorless,  the  lower  ilightly  yellowish.  Yoiiugare  light  oliva- 
ceous, grayish-silvery  below;  a  dark  brouze  bund,  narrower  than  pupil, 
darkest  in  the  younger  specinieu  froni  snout  tb rough  eye  straiglit  to  base 
of  caudal;  above  this,  2  nr  3  dark  streaks,  tlie  ]ni(ldl<>  one  most  dis- 
tinct, from  eye  to  above  gill  opening;  another,  bcgintiing  oti  top  of  snout 
on  each  wide,  passing  above  eye,  and  extending  ]):irallel  with  4be  (irst-inen- 
tiuncd  BtriiH>  straight  to  lost  ray  of  dorsal,  wlioro  it  meets  its  follow  of  the 
opposite  side;  a  dark  streak  from  tip  of  snout  along  uieilinii  line  to  fmtit 
of  dorsal ;  a  ]:irge  rounded  bla<*k  blotch  at  base  of  caudal,  somewhat 
obscure  dusky  shading  below  soft  dorsal  and  at  base  of  pectoral;  fins  all 
plain,  upper  slightly  dusky;  anal  nearly  white;  pectorals,  canditl,  and 
ventrals  light  yellow;  lining  id"  operclo  plain  oraugc;  inside  of  lunndi 
Bciirlet.  In  the  large  speciuien  (51  inches  long)  the  dark  »tri[iesare  fainter, 
paler,  and  more  yellowish  ;  several  fainter  bands  occur  between  the  broader 
ones,  aud  faint  oblique  streaks  of  light  bronze  follow  the  rows  of  scales, 
those  abovolatcrul  linf  oblique.  In  spirits  the  a<hi!t  is  plain  silvery.  West 
Indies;  Cape  llatteras  to  Trinidad ;  apparently  raore  abundant  on  our 
South  Atlantic  coast  than  southward;  not  seen  at  Havana.  Abundant 
about  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  where  it  is  one  of  the  most  abundant 
food-fishea.  About  Pensacula  and  Key  West  the  adult  ;ire  less  numerous, 
bat  lit  Ihe  latter  place  the  young  swarrit  everywhere  about  the  wharves 
and  shores,  (rimator,  inquirer,  in  allusion  to  the  inquisitive  hnbita  of  tbo 
yunng,  which  swarm  about  the  wharves,  nibbling  bait  intended  for  larger 
Ashes. ) 

U<rmuUm  Hauttar.  JORDAN  ^  i^WAI.N,  P?wi.  V.  S.  Mat.  Miu.  1884,  308,  Charleiton;  Key 

West;  Pensacolm;  .TnkiiAj*  ii.  Fesleb,  I.  c,  477. 
HcKinuUni  chrj/roplrrun,  (.'UVIKH  &  V.\LEJ(ciKN.>«BS,  HImI.  Nat.  Puiw.,  V,  240,  18311,  brought 
hy  Millwrt  from  New  York;  crroiieounlv  identified  with /'Tra  rArviojff^rn,  I.jni)a-u», 
tIiicIi  it  an  lirthnpri'lit, 

milan  ehrf/toplrrum,  GCvTHEU,  Cat.,  1, 313,  ISSB. 
Uanniilun  '/iMidriKni-aiiim,  BOLBBOOK,  IcbUi.  S.  Oar.,  U6,  1800;  dut  ofCCTiEB^  Valkk- 

LiK.<<.viia. 
Htmnlon  f  cau-dimacula.  PoKT,  8ynop«ii>,  t7, 1S7S;  nut  of  Citviek  k  VAlJ[\ctKSi«KS. 
narmulon  parrir.  PoEV.  Eiiumonttio,  47,  1875;  nut  Uiabiuu  parra.  Dksm  arK-ht. 
thal-iUu  aiirotinfalut,  JoBDAV  Si  ("rlLnCRT,  Vtoc.  V.  S.  Nat.  Mas.  18K2,  270,  307 :  JoROAN  &: 

GnJiSIlT,  Syiiopiia,  ff7:i;  Diit  liimmlon  nurolinfalvm,  CrviKB  Sr.  VAl.K.fCIKA'.VEh. 
Pimtom  fkiympttruM,  Jordan  li  Gilbbbt,  Synopala,  6S3. 


1310         Bulletin  fj,  United  States  National  Museum. 


]«;n.     BATIITKTAHA  AIIBltLIMCilXIK  *  (Javier  ic  ValviMiienDcs). 

(jKSlfllANO.I 

IleadS;  depth  df  ;  eye  large,  3}  in  head;  interorbilal  space  convex,  ite 
witlili  I  in  Imftrf;  preorbitiil  very  low,  its  k-ast  bri'iicUh  about  7  in  ht-arl. 
<;ill  rakorst  jtmiill,  iulroiit  12  on  lower  part  of  arch.  J).  XIIJ,  15;  A.  111.  «; 
araleH  H-.M-IS.  U<nly  )"<>ni)ire8setl,  I'lisiforin,  tbu  back  not  t-Ievatfd ;  the 
}»rofilt^  roririiD}{  ii  we:ik  Imt  nearly  ri-j;ul;ir  ciirvi'  froaj  tbe  1)|>  i>)'  the  j<iguut 
lo  the  I'roiit  of  tbi^  tlorniil ;  snout  Hhort,  [iioileratelv  jvointwl,  :t  in  head; 
tiiotitli  larjro,  curved,  tbr  luaxilLnry  reucbtng  tu  slightly  beyond  luiddlo  of 
piipit,  it«  ]en;;th  \\  tu  head.  T&eth  not  rery  strong,  about  fiH  la  ft.rimator. 
t»calei«  rutber  Hnialt,  nrningMl  about  aa  in  I!,  rimator.  Doraal  opines 
Hleiuler,  rather  hi^h,  the  fourth  2i  in  hmid ;  ivppcr  caudal  lobe  U  in 
head;  loiige.Ht  aual  Tiiyn  2*  iu  bfiul,  their  tips  not  n-achhif;  nearly  to  tipM 
of  last  rnyH;  si'cond  auiil  spine  nut  v*>ry  innph  longer  than  third,  about  3 
in  hpail,  rearhiui;,  when  deprpased,  little  piiat  the  base  of  the  last  ray; 
VL-atnih  1*  in  head;  pevloratH  1|,  thL-ir  tips  reachinir  slightly  beyond 
tips  of  vBiitrnls.  Color  in  life,  dusky  gray,  with  7  or  8  yellow  lon- 
Kil'Udinui  streaks,  the  one  throiij;h  cyi-  wideHt;  loouth  very  red;  no 
dusky  spot  luiilrr  the  angle  of  pri-o|K!ri'lo;  fiuagray;  dorsal  scarcely  y  el - 
IowIhIi.  In  Npirita  the  vertical  tins  and  KDoiit  are  somewhat  dusky;  the 
paired  fiuK  arc  grayish,  tho  yoldeu  stripes  faint.  Length  ll  to  8  inches. 
Here  deseribed  from  Havana  speciuieiis.  West  Indtes;  Fluridii  Keya  l<> 
Brazil;  very  abimdant  at  Havana,  where  it  is  often  bron^ht  into  tlie 
market.  It  ia  smaller  in  size  than  any  other  of  this  or  related  geubru 
except  lirach^fieniis  elirx/Hitrgifrtum.  It  has  been  taken  at  Oanli'ii  Key,  Kla., 
but  wua  iiot  ul>st'rved  at  Key  Weat.     (<iiirii»i,  gold;  finealu«,  striped.) 

i7imMiio7i  aurolinealtim,  Cl'VIEB  &.  VaUDICIBNXES,   Ilial.  Nut.  Poiis.,  V,  a?,  1830.  Bruil; 

San  Domingo:  3QHlti.v  Sc.  FBtOJca,  l.f.,478. 
Bmmvimi  jriiiijtiano.  Poky,  MeDiurias.n  ,  Igj,  1800,  Cuba;  JoauAx  ic  OiLBurr,  Synopais, 

935. 
Htemulon  aMroiiMOtum.  iiOnrasu,  Cat.,  i,  :I18, 18SS. 

an.  UATHYSTOaA  NTRlATCa  (UnDBiu). 

(WlIlTIt  <iBl?NT.» 

Head  ») ;  depth  3^  ;  eye  large,  Ui  in  head.  1).  XIII,  13;  A.  Ill,  7;  acalea 
7-70-lK.  Hody  elongate,  fusiform,  more  Mlciider  than  in  any  other  of  the 
■pecios,  the  bark  little  elevated,  not  ntueh  eumprcssetl,  the  anterior  pro- 
file gently  convex,  not  steep.  Head  small,  the  auout  short  and  not  very 
acate,  its  length  3^  in  head;  inoDtli  fouiparatively  small,  smaller  than  iu 
/{.  aarorinrafnm,  the  maxillary  extending  to  beyond  front  of  jiiipil,  its 


*  We  tinv-f*  uilonlif)  Ibt^  tiunie  aunilinraium  for  thiA  Hpp^'i^^a,  und  not  fur  Ji.  rimatirr ,  an 
tlie  Htreujj:1h  of  tlir  l'oLli>wiii^  nncituDL  et'  tlm  Ly[>icul  t«|inrinR-n  iif  liathyatnirui  aiiroUti^a 
(urn  r<H'»ivrit  Criiiii  Dr.  tl.  E.  SttiiVKui>,  of  tlir  muspuiti  at  I'ttrin. 

tttrinnl<rn  atiriilini-alum.  lirazil.  Ui'liilnnilo,  ty|H!.  Lnnjclli  iiC  tlif  liotly,  0.22V  in. :  lii'lctii 
nf  bodv,  0.05ri  iti  .  Irnt^ili  ef  the  lii«;id.  t>.{Ki  ni.  Ht'ii^hf  tif  tlie  iMxly  c<iDtAlne«t  nejirly  i 
timcii  (n  IliP  tnlal  Ivu^lli.  auil  :i)  m  itliout  tlie  cnatlal. 

Am  the  Hmfrfplxiiii  nl'  (Olivier  tt  Vulent'j€>(iiit''4  ii|;i-eafl  in  olIiiT  rOHfHM'lH  tMjiull.v  well  Willi 
eitlwr  it(HH'ii-H,  tlii-nlMtvi-  nii-jueireini-niii  Ivavx  tin  ilnulit  <i(  tlir  titimlUy  <•!  tbeir  t.vpe  with 
BftHiyuaiiv.  Iiiiihti$u>tn.a  rimaivr,  yuuug  or  I'lJ.  1»  in<vcr  *■  kIpikIoi-  ai  the  abo'vo  i 
utsmaata  wvulil  inilicaus. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1311 


length  2\  in  head.  Teeth  rather  small,  the  outer  and  posterior  n  little 
euJargod;  lower  jaw  slightly  intliidrd.  rn-orbital  narrow,  its  least 
breadth  9  iu  hfa<l:  interorliital  apace  broad,  convex,  iUi  wtilth  '2\  in  head; 
preopercle  moderately  serrate.  Gill  rakers  much  longer  and  more  nrniier- 
ouH  than  iu  U.  auroliiieiitum  anil  other  HpecieH.  aUijiit  18  ou  lower  part  of 
anterior  ari-h,  the  longest  J  lonat  depth  of  pmirliital.  Sraliig  notably 
Hiiiuller  than  in  any  other  Hpeciea  of  the  geuiiH,  thr>tie  uUove  lateral  line  in 
very  oblii]Ue  series,  tliosu  b«low  more  ncsirly  hori/olitul,  uiid  nunc  of 
them  Kpecially  enlarged:  soft  tins  scaly,  as  osintL  l>oi-t<al  HpiiieH  slen- 
der, rather  low,  the  fourth  or  loii^cHt  2i',,  in  hciid;  soft  dorsal  loii^  aud 
low,  the  lonucst  ray  3»  in  bend ;  caudal  dfoply  forked,  the  upjier  loho  J  ,'„  in 
head;  anal  rather  low  and  jiuiull,  its  Inageet  rays3>  in  hrud,  nut  reaching, 
when  deprt-ssfd,  to  the  tip  of  th<<  last  rays;  seroud  aual  spiue  notably 
longer  and  8troni;er  than  third,  2>  in  bead,  reaching,  when  deprcseed,  a 
little  past  hasi-  of  ]tii*t  ray;  veiitrals  I^  in  head;  pectorals  I'j,.  Color  in 
spirits  pearly  gray,  with  L'outiuiioiiR  brown  Htreaks  (golden  in  life),  1  on 
the  median  line  above  from  ti])  of  aiiotit  tu  dorsal,  4  ou  each  side  of  tu]i 
or  head  above  eye,  3  of  tlieHe  extoDding  on  the  body,  but  only  the  eecoud 
continnous,  this  very  distitwt  ami  reaching  last  ray  of  dorsal;  below 
tliese,  2  extending  backward  from  eye,  the  upperniost  distinet  aatt-riorly, 
fathng  behind,  the  Iowe«t  fading  anteriorly  ;  below  this  traces  of  another 
dusky  stripe;  there  are  thus  :l  or  4  distini-t  lougitadiiial  utreaka  ou  body. 
with  2  or  '.i  tainter  ones;  tins  pale,  probably  yellowish  in  life.  This  is 
one  of  the  smaller  species,  probably  never  exceeding  a  foot  iu  length.  It 
is  allird  to  /i.  auroUneatuin  and  ft.  rimator,  but  deviates  from  the  ordinary 
Unlhijtiuma  type  more  than  either  of  th(>se.  Here  describeil  from  No.  'J839, 
U.  8.  N.  M.,  sent  by  Foey  from  Cuba.  West  Indies;  Bermudas  to  Brazil; 
notoommcD.    (itriodi*,  striped.) 

Oap*v,n»hrninlient;hiu,  Maiu-qravr.  OUt.  Oruil.,  155,1048,  Brazil. 

Pma  itriala,  LiNN.F.rs,  .Hynl.  Nat.,  Eil.  X,  23a,  I75H,  North  America. 

OninmuU*  iririttatuM,  Ulocu  6c  iiciiNBiDKU,  Synt.  tclith.,  \SS.  1801,  Bratil;  on  the  descrip- 

Ikun  of  MAnixjUAVE. 
Strrnnvt  r>ijitiina.  LiriiT«NSTBI!(,  AbhauiU.  Berlin  AkiUl.  1821,  2KJ,  Braxil;  od  tbe  aemrip- 

Itun  >if  Mabi'DKAVK. 
Birmiilon  •iiiadrilinrnlum,  CtrniR  &  VAI.8]tcuMNB8,  Hist.  Kat.  Poias.,  V,  338,  pi.  120, 

18.10.  San  Domingo;  UC.ntber,  Cat.,  i,  318;   Poir,  Kep«rtor1o,  l,  310,  1887;  n,  161; 

JukOAN  A  .SWALt.  I.e.,  311. 
Bannutan  ijuin/neliniatiim,  Pokt,  Memorial,  n,  419,  1860,  Cuba. 
BamuUm  tupruna.  Cv\i%»,  Mgnv  Animal,  Kil.  2,  ri,   170,  I82V;  DO  ilvacrlpUou ;  ari<T 

liMK'UIIAVK. 

ir<amy(um  eapriiua,  GooDC,  Dull.  I*.  S.  Niil.  Miia.,  v,  S3,  1870. 

Dtabmtu  tririUntiu.  JuRUAir  A:  <:iuiekt,  Syuopau,  554;  crrooeouRly  aacrlljeil,  after  lltiL 

iiKOiiH,  la  tlio  (,'HriUiiA  laiiua. 
Hirmulvn  ttrialum.  Jubuan  A  PifsuCR,  I.  c,  4711. 


540-  LYTHRULON,  Jordan  <&  Swain. 

Ljfthrulon,  Jordan  Af  HWAIN,  Vtik:  H.  S.  >'al.  Una,  1884, '.!87  (Jlnvigvtlatvm). 

This  geuus  IS  closely  allied  to  Ilirmulan,  dilleriiig  in  the  short  snout, 
high  aupraot'cipilal  crent,  oblujiie  mouth,  and  iucreascMl  tiiitiiber  of  gill 
rakers.     The  form  of  the  body   in  peculiar,  the  dorsal  and  aual  long  and 


1312  JiuUcdn  47'  United  States  National  Museum. 


low,  and  tho  ramlal  widely  forked.     Two  epecien  known.     (At'-O/jov,  gore; 
oi'Aoi',  \iwi\. ) 

a.  Gill  nkon  about  lu 4- 22=32;  body  oblong,  Uk>  d«|ith  a  in  li^n^th. 

FLAVlQDTrATt'li,  16T8. 
aa.  Gill  roknn  8  -)-  l5=-2.1j  Ixxly  do'ii,  tlio  ili<')iili  t\  In  IruglL.  OPAI.S8CEK8,  1(79. 

1678.  LYTll Uri.U.%  FLilVIUUTT-lTIH  (GIU). 

(Peixk-Fo.yd*.) 

Head  3i:  di-pth  3.  1).  XII,  !5,  rarely  XIII,  ITi;  A.  Ill,  S;  snout  4  in 
Lioail:  iiiiixillary  reiiobiiig  o.  littlu  pust  frout  of  pupil,  'li\  orbit  3;  intvr- 
(irliit:il  4^  ;  loii-^est  dofBrtl  siiiiici  2',;  lungeiit  dorsal  lay  3li ;  sei-ond  unfti 
spiueS;  pactorallj;  veiitriill?;  scaleHfi— lil-14.  I'onu  elongate  oval,  com- 
pressed, the  curre  of  ventral  ami  dornal  oiitliuea  11  bout  equal  nnd  nnifbmi. 
Head sniallandsLort,  with sliortpojntedsnoiit;  anteriorprotilevery  slightly 
concave  before  eye,  thence  slijibtly  convex  to  dorsal;  uiuiith  small  and 
oblii|iie  with  tb«  lower  jjiwh  proJRctiiig;  t«L>tb  q.11  HtiiaM,  the  outer  Hcarrely 
enlarged:  prenpercl©  fmejy  and  sharply  serrato,  its  ponterior  edge  sbal- 
lowly  coucnv*",  i1»  aiijfle  broadly  ronniied.  (1111  rakerHNlondorand  nnnier- 
ouH,  the  longCHt  nearly  e«iiifll  to  the  diameter  of  pupil,  about  10-f  22. 
Scales  of  moderate  si/e,  tho.^e  above  lateral  line  arranged  in  very  ob1ii|ue 
series;  tip  of  nnout,  cbtn,  and  ninxillary  naked;  scales  on  top  of  head  and 
cheeks  small  and  crowded;  soft  tins  with  scaleH.  Pectoral  1^  in  head, 
reacliin;;  nearly  to  vent;  vontrals  Iji,  reaching  halfway  to  anal  rays;  sec- 
ond utial  HpiiiR  a  iitrle  longer  and  stronjiier  than  third,  it»  tip  when 
depressed  not  rencliing  haae  of  last  rays;  caudal  lin  forked,  its  upper  lube 
the  binjjer.  Fronlal  foramina  2  short  slits  close  together.  Just  in  front 
of  the  high  supraorbital  crest.  Color  in  spirita,  dark  steel-gray;  a  suiall 
very  distinct  [tale  spot  on  each  Hcab'  of  back  and  sides,  siirronnded  by 
darker;  tliis  spot  in  spirits  light  yellowish;  iu  life  of  a  pearly  blae;  head 
plain;  it  small  dusky  blotch  under  angle  of  preopercle;  fins  plain,  bright 
yellow  in  life.  Young  with  a  large  black  blotch  at  base  of  caudal,  an  in 
Hitmulon  nftindarhnfri  and  ttrihoHuchu»  wacalicauila,  and  without  the 
dnsky  hnriioutal  streaks  seen  in  most  of  the  utLcr  species.  Length  1  foot. 
Hero  described  fi-oin  u  spocinien  9  inches  long  from  (iuaynias,  Mexico.  Pa- 
cific coast  of  tropical  Anierioa,  Oiiayiiuis  t<>  Panama;  generally  common 
along  the  Pacitio  coast  of  tropical  America.  (Jtavut,  yellow;  ffuttatus, 
■potted.) 

Btrmuton  JtaripuUalni. OfLU  Pnxv  An.  KatScl.  Tbilit.  1862.  2S4,  Cape  San  Lucas  (ColL 

XttUtlts). 
Uirmuhin  i/ioryariliy*r«m,  GllNTHBR,  Pror.  Zfwl.  Soc.  LoodoD  18M.  U7,  Panama. 
Ilitmulon  Aatii-jullatitm,  Stki:<daciinzii,  Intitb.  Itrit.,  ill,  II,  1875:  Jordan  &  Swain,  I.e., 

\iU;  EVSBMANN  \  Jexkins,  Pnx:.  U.  S.  Nat.  Man.  1891, 153:  JoRDAM  &  i-'IBUCK.I.e.,  47«. 

1»7».  I.YTilliri.()y  ni'ALIlKCG.VS,  Jordan  &  SUrka. 

Head  3J;  depth  2J.  I).  XII,  10;  A.  111,9;  snout  3i  in  head;  maxillary 
reaching  slightly  past  front  of  pupil,  'S\  in  bead;  irrbit  2^;  interorbital 
3{ ;  liingeat  dorsal  s]iino  2;  longest  dorrtnl  ray  4;  second  anal  spine  2i ; 
pectoral  1/,.;  vcntrals  1^;  scale*  7-51-13.  Body  deep,  compreaaed,  the 
back  well  elevated,  the  dorsal  outline  nearly  uniformly  curved  from  tip 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1313 


of  ftnont  to  cunilal  pednncle;  ventral  otitHno  curved  from  oliin  to  breant, 
Ibeiice  Ntraigbt  to  aniil  apLne,  ami  Hlauting  iil)lii|uely  upward  to  caudal 
peduncle.  Knout  snial]  itnd  gmiiitcd;  iiiotith  diiinll  and  iiblii|iie,  tbe  lower 
jaw  slightly  projecting;  teiHh  all  siiiali,  the  outer  ecarcely  enlarged;  pre- 
opercle  finely  sorratc,  tbr  i>OMterJ<ir  limli  somi-wliat  cixicave,  the  angle 
broadly  rounded,  (iill  rakers  sbort  and  sltnuler,  almut  \  tbe  diameter  of 
pupil,  8+15;  ticiiles  alincf  lateral  lino  lirraiigcd  iti  oliliiiix^  aeries;  tip  of 
snout,  chin,  and  uiuxillary  naked;  «ciile8  on  bend  HUiall  and  urowded;  soft 
fins  scaled.  Pectoral  rt^ucbiiiji;  to  yent;  veutntlii  reaching  luilfwiiy  to 
second  anal  ray;  second  anal  npiue  a  little  loug^^rauil  Htronger  than  third; 
upper  lobe  of  caudal  the  longer,  nlxHit  ritual  to  btMid.  (Jolor  as  in  l.^thni- 
hn  ftarigiittalum,  in  ttpiritn,  dark  i^tt^ol  gray;  n  mnall  very  diHtinct  palo 
spot  on  each  scale  of  back  and  sidcH,  Hurruundud  l«y  darker,  thia  spot,  in 
spirito,  light  \c]towii)h;  in  life  of  a  pearly  blue;  bead  plain;  a  small 
dusky  blotch  under  angle  of  preuficnde;  riiiw  plain  Uiiuht  y<>llow  in  life. 
Young  with  a  large  black  l)lot<'b  at  liasti  of  i  andal,  ag  in  Ifmiialon  xtein- 
dachneri  and  (hthuitlirchut  maculicairtln,  and  without  the  dusky  bftrizon- 
t«l  Btrsaks  seen  in  moxt  of  the  utber  species.  Thia  species  dithers  from 
L.  Jtariguilatum  in  having  fewer  gill  rakers,  the  dt'ptL  and  an/b  <if  the 
back  greater.  Rather  common  in  the  estuary  at  Mazatlari,  not  yet  noticed 
elst'where;  all  the  sperimens  of  f,yf/iri(fnii  from  other  localititM  examined 
by  na  being  referiible  to  L.  flariguttatum.  D&Mcribed  frnm  a  apeciuieu 
!)  inches  long  from  Mftzatlan.  The  species  in  probably  not  raru,  but  has 
beim  confounded  with  the  preceding.  (opalMoeH*,  opal-like,  referring  to 
tbo  pearly  spots.) 

Lylhrulcn  epaluemt,  JORDAK  it  atAMCS,  Fisbea  uf  Siiiftloa.  in  I'nic.  Cn).  Ao.  8<!l.  1886, 
-ISO.  pi.  «>.  Muatian  (Type,  N<i.  21N)»,  L.  S.  Jr.  TTniv.  Muu.     Toll.  Hopktn*  Exped.to 

Slimlua). 

541.  ORTHOSTOECHUS,  Gill. 
(Strii'eij  <t hunts.) 

OrthoiUefhut,  Gnj,  Prw.  Ao.  Xot.  !S«i.  Philii.  ItMK,  ri.l  (miiiriitiVniidal. 

This  geuns  is  closely  allied  to  Uirmulou,  dift'ering  most  obvioiialy  in  the 
arrangement  of  the  large  scales,  which  are  throiighuut  iu  series  parallel 
with  the  lateral  line:  the  tlus  are  long  and  hnv,  the  gill  rakera  ntthev 
numerous,  the  chin  projecting;  the  skull  ui it  u8.seutially  dilTerent  fruni  that 
of //(Tmu/on.     One  species.     (opOoS,  straight;  6rof;to5,  raw.) 


1«80.  0RTH08T<ECBITS  MArrLUArDA,  lilll.  ^ 

(RoNCADtiH   ilALVDO.  ) 

Head  Si;  depth  2f ;  eye  large,  3}  in  hettd  in  adult.  D.  XIII  (rarely  XIV), 
18;  A.  Ill,  10;  scales  r>i-ol-ll.  Hody  oblong-elliptical,  not  much  com- 
pftawd;  the  back  little  elevated.  Head  rather  large,  moderately  }iMinted 
anteriorly;  the  pniKle  nearly  straight  from  the  snout  to  the  uapn;  «n«iit 
short,  low,  rather  jtointed,  its  length  3^  in  head;  mouth  »<inall,  u  little 
obli(|ae,  the  uuxillury  extending  to  fixint  of  pupil,  its  length  2it  in  head; 


1314         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum, 


lower  jaw  slightly  includud.  Teeth  small,  the  outer  and  posterior  little 
enlarged.  Preorbital  narrow,  its  least  breadth  7}  in  head;  interorbital 
spare  moderate,  convex,  SJ-  in  head;  preopercle  moderately  serrate.  Gill 
rakers  slightly  longer  and  more  numerons  than  in  moat  species  of  HtcmuUm, 
about  16  on  lower  part  of  arch,  the  longest  about  \  depth  of  preorbital. 
Scales  large,  very  uniform  in  size  over  the  body,  arranged  above  as  well 
as  below  lateral  line,  in  longitudinal  series,  those  above  lateral  line  being 
everywhere  ]iarallel  with  the  lateral  line;  soft  <ina  scaly,  as  usual.  Dor- 
sal spines  usually  13,  but  sometimes  14,  rather  slender  and  low,  the  longest 
2,*),  in  head ;  soft  dorsal  low,  the  longest  rays  3^  in  head ;  caudal  moderate, 
the  upper  lobe  Ijf  in  head;  anal  rather  low,  the  longest  rays  not  reaching, 
when  depressed,  to  middle  of  last  rays,  their  length  about  3  in  head ;  sec- 
ond anal  spine  stronger  and  longer  than  third,  2^  in  head,  its  tip  about 
reaching  buse  of  last  ray;  ventrals  1}  in  head;'  pectorals  li.  Frontal 
foramina  narrowly  oval,  wholly  separate,  some  <listance  in  front  of  the  low 
supraoccipital  crest.  Color  dark  brown ;  each  scale  of  back  and  sides  with 
a  light  pearly-gray  spot  on  its  middle,  these  coalescing  into  continuous 
light  stripes  which  are  sharply  defined,  one  for  each  row  of  scales;  head 
plain ;  fins  plain  grayish ;  a  large  dusky  area  on  base  of  caudal.  Its  pecu- 
liar squamation,  rendered  more  noticeable  by  the  corresponding  features 
of  coloration,  gives  it  an  appearance  quite  distinct  in  this  genus.  The 
snout  is  shorter  than  usual  and  the  number  of  dorsal  spines  is  increased. 
In  other  respects  it  departs  less  troni  the  usual  type  than  does  Lfthrulon 
flavignttatum  or  even  Batkystoma  ilriatum.  The  cranium  is  of  the  usual 
Hamulon  type.  Pacific  coast  of  tropical  America,  Guaymas  to  Panama ; 
rather  common ;  here  described  from  No.  29256,  U.  8.  X.  M.,  S\  inches  long, 
from  Panama.    Length  about  a  foot,     {macula,  spot;  oatida,  tail.) 

fhrthottceehut  maetilieauda.  Gill,  Proo.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Pliila.  1862,  255,  Cape  San  Lucas 

(Coll.  Xantus). 
n<emvUm  maiatlanuin,  STBiMDACnNER,  Icbth.  Kotizen,  viii.  12,  pi.  vi,  1809,  Mazatlan. 
Hetmubm  inaeu'.ieaiida,  Steindaciineb,  Iclitb.  Beilragr,  iil,  14,  1875;  JoKUAN  ic  Swaw. 

I.e.,  315;  EVBBMAMM  &  Jbnkins,  Pruc.  V.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1891, 152;  Jobdam  Sc  Fksler, 

{.  e.,  480. 
IMabtuu  maeulieauda,  Jobdan  &  Uilbebt,  Proc.  U.  S.  Xat.  Mns.  1882,  362,  372,  826. 

542.  ANISOTREMUS,  GiU. 

Anitotremtu,  Gill,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Scl.  Phila.  1881,  107  (cirginieut). 
Omytremiu,  Gill.  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1861,  256  (bUineatM). 
Panuonodon,  Blbeker,  Archiv  Neerl.  xi,  272,  1876  (paeifici). 

Body  ovate,  short,  deep,  and  compressed;  mouth  rather  small,  with 
thick  lips,  the  maxillary  rather  short;  inside  of  month  not  red;  teeth  in 
jaws  only,  all  pointed,  those  of  the  outer  series  in  upper  jaw  enlarged; 
chin  with  a  median  groove,  besides  smaller  pores.  Dorsal  spines  strong; 
soft  rays  of  dorsal  and  anal  scaly  at  base;  anal  spines  strong;  caudal 
mostly  lunate.  Scales  large.  Lower  pharyngeals  broad,  with  coarse, 
blunt  teeth.  This  genus,  like  Hatnulon,  to  which  it  is  closely  related, 
contains  numerous  species,  all  of  thein  living  on  the  shores  of  tropical 
America.    All  the  species  uudei-go  cousitlerable  change  in  form  with  age, 


Jordan  and  Evemiann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1316 


aD<1  »11  of  tbem  are  va,1iie<1  a»  foixl- BHliea.  The  yonng  are  iiiurked  with 
2  or  3  blackish  Icu^tLwise  stripes,  'i'hose  i)t8iip|mar  with  age,  ijiiirkcwt  in 
the  brightly  rolored  »pi<rii-8,  :iu<l  persist  for  a  ImiK  ti'ii*'  iu  species  like 
h\l\}kfalH»  ami  iulerruplut,  which  »)j;ree  it)  culorutioii  wi(L  HwmuloH  parra 
unci  rebiteil  specials.  (aVitfoS,  iiueqiinl;  rfjf}fja,  aperture,  I'ruiu  the  pores 
at  the  chin). 

I'AVACONOlHiM.  Bleaker  (»apa,  near:  CoiwiUm): 
a.  Snilm  itlMive  laUinil  Uui>  iu  iii<ri«K  psimllt'l  nitli  llin  lat^riU  lluv. 

b.  t><in«iil  Kpiiito  ralliiT  low.  tlin  longrnl  nul   nnirt-  tlino  (  longlh  nf  tipw):  i>oc«ii<l 
HJiul  itplnti  alKial  i  bcail. 
c  I'cuitorala  much  alioi'tcr  tliuii  heart,  not  nMirhini;  llpa  <>i  voutraU;  dorsal 
ruyn  XT,  1^,  lliv  Hplnt?*!  (tuni]t(iriitU'i*l,v  alvncler.  tin*  loD^cmt  4  Itcad;  py« 
luoro  tlian  twii'e  »*  irlde  uk  IIik  niirrow  pre<>rl>itJ>t.  tacifici.  1681. 

oe.  Puct^iraU  ii  little  longer  tliiin  heiul.  Nlmitt  rvachiug  anal  Hn  ;  ilomal  raya 
XII,  10,  the  aiiinoi  »L(^('l  and  't^iut,  the  longest  2|  In  liexl ;  eye3, about 
i  wider  than  the  bnind  im'urliitul.  cifU>i\'»,  1683, 

bb  Ikiruil  •piiieii  A  cry  high,  th«  luiijiritt  Ij)  ill  bend:  Hecoiid  anal  apine  vrry  loug. 
ahuiit  1|  ill  head;  prrtundn  inni-h  aliurti-r  tliaii  tiMid .  ilitororhilal  arnu 
niiii'li  leM  tliiin  widtli  ol  nrUit;  atinut  olitiim<,  nut  itiiii-h  longer  Iban  tvv, 
f-|<^ft  of  noMitli  munll.  tlu'  maiiUary  4>xtf  udiuj;  to  Crt'iil  ol' i^yi*;  dorHoi  and 
audi  spiix^H  exi-fM-ditij|;ly  ntroiiK.  the  thtnl  dorfvul  Hjiiite  I  Ihi  li)ti*;«Ht;  annut 
Datc*-d,  the  rt'iuulnilt-r  of  thv  lieail  liciug  acaly ;  fruch  l  uy  Of  tlin  Mitt  lilia 
Bocuiiipttuii'd  liy  a  aerica  of  mlnate  ovalea,  uoveriog  Ibe  caudal;  cuudul  tin 
ahfcbtly  eniarKlnate.  DOVII,  108S, 

AnnoTVIMUS: 
••.  Scaloaabovo  lateral  line  arrauf^ed  in  oblii|iii*  ni-rips  vliicb  are  not  parallel  Willi  it. 
d.  Hoalva  comiiamtively  hirgc,  he»  thnn  nine  in  a  rertionl  nvrira  between  tlrxt 
donal  apim>  and  Ike  lat«ml  tlnv :  »durjttoii  oliToreouH.  the  uduH  ntrarly 
plulu.  thu  yoiinii  with  'J  or  inoru  dnnky  lat^sral  atrijiea  wbiuli  disappear 
with  age:  fins  blurklxli. 
«.  Koalea  5  or  6-^2-l&  (liitpral  Unit  kIiIi  4D  [lurea) :  aralea  alxrve  laloral  line  oo 
anterior  part  of  boily  iiium  or  Utsa  iMilarf^ed,  aii|ieclally  in  the  ailull. 
/,  Scales  ahovp  lateral  line  not  much  enUtrgMl,  alwat  B  in  on  obhi|iic 
fl«i-iea  from  llmi  doraal  spiua    to  lulerul   lino;   profile  of    Urad 
anteriorly  rounded.  rifBI.NAUENaiS.  IStM. 

//.  S^alna  aliovn  lateral  Hue  Tery  mucli  enlarecd,  eapeclally  In  the  ailiilt, 
about  7  rowH  from  tintdorsal  apiw  otiliquely  baukwanl  to  latetul 
Une;  prolUeateejMTaiid  liinacnrrwl.  nmtRKUlTl>,  1(W5. 

M.  Scaloa  7  or  <M(t-15  (lateral  lino  with  54  |Mirea).  aoaleii  alwve  lateral  line 
anteriorly  not  eapeiinlly  enlarged.  niC<il/iK,  1UX6. 

M.  Scale*  niiber  :iniaU,  more  than  0  iu  a  rerticjtl  aerlea  between  llio  tii'st  doraal 
«pip»  und  Ibp|al4*ru1  IItii*. 
f.  lUwly  not  atripcd  lungitiidiually  with  yeUow  or  hlac:  pnwrUital  narrow; 
gill  rakern  j:4-l!l. 
k.  Aolerioi  part  of  bod}'  witlioul  Jet-black  vertical  bar:  axil  .jet-lilnclc 
the  ap4it  eiH'ruac'hinK  on  baae  of  iMH'lurnl ;  ii  noind  hlark  npot  on 
Ihmc  of  loot  raya   of  dorsal   and   anul :  body   diirk    gray,    with 
obarnre    darki-r    dlTvakx;   linn  piiU'.    i-d^o    of  opt-rflo    dtuky; 
pectoral  hiai;,  l,<o  iu  head,  reacbine  front  of  nnnl. 

■cAiTLAiiia,  16S7. 
Ut.  Anterior  part  of  body  with  »  black  vertical  Iwr. 

i,  Ilody  without  U'ligthwlm-t  Blripi-.t;  dark  humernl  bar  JelMuck, 
entenilitiK  from  between  llii<  rifl  h  mid  tirivtiiith  ilnrHiil  diiiiieH 
t"  oppiialle  Ihi:  lower  vigv  of  tlie  (n'ctornl ,  edge  of  oiM-nle 
and  baae  of  pectoral  black ;  pectoral  Iodr.   davivsoxii.  1088. 


1316         BtdleHn  4.7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


a.  Body  vith  2  lengthwise  band*;   hnmeral  bar  browniah;  • 
dork  oaodal  ipot,  and  •  spot  on  back  of  oaadal  peduncle. 

BPLDOATCB,  1689. 

gg.  Body  with  longitudinal  stripes  of  blue  or  yellow  or  both ;  yonng  with  a 

black  blotch  at  base  of  caudal;  preorbital  broad;  gill  rakers  x+K. 

}.  Anterior  i>art  of  body  with  2  broad,  dark  oroaabars,  the  one  from 

the  nape  obliquely  forward  through  eye,  the  other  from  fltint  of 

dorsal  downward ;  behind  these  a  aerie*  of  horiiontal  stripes 

alternately  yellow  and  blue;  pectoral  longer  than  head;  aecond 

anal  and  fourth  dorsal  spines  nearly  eqnaL 

k.  Blue  stripes  on  side  about  6  in  number,  yory  distinct,  not 

nearly  as  wide  as  a  Hcale ;  sharply  edged  with  darker  blue, 

their  width  about  \  that  of  the  olive  interspaces ;  additional 

blue  stripes  in  the  interspaces  faint  and  few ;  Tertical  bands 

of  head  and  shoulder  brown.  TflflATCS,  1600. 

ik.  Blue  stripes  on  side  as  broad  as  a  scale,  each  more  than  {  the 

width  of  the  golden-yellow  interspaces,  and  each  very 

faintly  edged  with  darker;  vertical  bands  on  bead  and 

shoulder  jet-black.  viboiniovb,  1891. 

j).  Anterior  part  of  body  without  dark  oroasMos,  the  Iwdy  sometimes 

plain  yellowish,  the  back  usually  violet,  with  4  or  5  yellow 

lines ;  silvery  Iwlo  w ;  snout  short,  not  longer  than  width  of  eye ; 

dorsal  fin  very  deeply  notched,  with  feeble  spines ;  second  and 

third  anal  spines  equal  in  length;  body  a  little  more  oblong 

than  in  mrinamentii.  sbbsdla,  1692. 

Subgenus  PARACONODON,  Bleeker. 

1681.  AlflSOTBEMCS  PACIFICI  (Oiinther). 

Head  3j^;  depth  2f  to  2}.  D.  XI,  13;  A.  Ill,  10;  scales  7-47-13;  seooiKl 
anal  spine  2  in  bea<I;  fifth  dorsal  spine  2;  pectoral  4^.  Scales  above  lat- 
eral line  in  series  parallel  with  it.  Dorsal  spines  rather  low,  the  longest 
not  more  than  \  length  of  head;  second  anal  spine  abont  i  head;  pectorals 
much  shorter  than  head,  not  reaching  to  tips  of  ventrals;  eye  more  than 
twice  as  wide  as  the  narrow  preorbital.  Body  compressed,  considerably 
elevated,  the  greatest  height  below  the  fifth  dorsal  spine ;  profile  rounded 
from  base  oi  first  dorsal  spine  to  the  nape,  concave  over  the  eye,  descend- 
ing abruptly  down  the  snout;  interorbital  area  twice  orbit;  snout  thick 
and  obtuse;  teeth  in  a  villiform  band  in  both  jaws,  with  an  outer  series 
of  conical  teeth ;  preopercle  serrate  strongly  on  angle ;  a  posterior  notch 
in  opercle  between  2  obtuse  and  feeble  points ;  soft  dorsal  about  as  high 
as  spinous;  second  anal  spine  long  and  strong;  caudal  emarginate.  Color 
dusky-grayish,  with  four  irregular  crossbands,  which  grow  faint  with 
age ;  scales  silvery  with  purple  reflections ;  membrane  between  the  scales 
brown;  fins  blackish.  Pacific  coast  of  Central  America;  a  small,  plain- 
colored  species,  rather  common  abont  Panama.    (Named  for  Pacific  Ocean. ) 

Conodon  paeifiei,  GOnthku,  Prur.  Zool.  Soc.  London  1864, 147,  Chiapas. 
Pomculatit  paeijlei,  Jordan  &  Uilbkrt,  Proc.  D.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1881,385. 
AnUotremiit  pai-ifiei,  JoftVkU  &  Feslbb,  {.  c,  484. 

1«S2.  ANISOTBEHl'S  C£.SIUS  (Jordan  &.  Gilbert). 

Head  3j|;  depth  2^;  eye  3^;  snout  about  3;  maxillary  3^.  D.  XII,  16; 
A.  Ill,  9 ;  scales  (>-52-13.  Body  ovate,  compressed,  the  back  rather  strongly 
arched ;  anterior  profile  rather  steep  and  straightish,  gibbous  between  eyes 


Jordan  and  Evennann. — Fishes  of  North  Atnerica.     1317 


hxA  iilso  behind  tbeiii,  slightly  ilepressed  iiliove  eyes  and  at  nape;  ven- 
tral oatlina  consiilerably  arr)ii»];  caiiclal  ]ieduTic'l>-  inoderate,  about  \  us 
hiu;^  as  head,  and  sonit^what  longer  thiiii  deep.  Head  sbnrt  atid  deep, 
deeper  than  lougj  snout  very  short,  bluut,  fnid  thirk;  Dioiitb  verj'  Nnitdl, 
the  maxillary  not  ijuitu  reacbiug  to  front  of  oy(>.  Tet-th  cardifurm,  in 
broad  baadii,  the  outer  nerieH  elilaij^cd,  but  tiniiiller  tb»i]  in  .-1.  fiactfin. 
Eye  large,  flhort«r  than  snont,  ahont  ^  wider  than  the  hniail  (trcorhital ; 
lips  thick;  chin  with  a  niedinu  fniT«w  and  "J  poros ;  towtTJnw  included; 
anterior  nostril  nuicb  larirer  than  poatoilor;  ]>recipfrcl(«  rather  weakly 
serrate,  it^s  npright  limb  soinoin^liat  criiiiuTe.  liiM  r:]ker»  short  and  weak, 
about  10  on  lower  limb  of  iirch.  Scales  rather  large,  arranged  ob  in 
related  species,  thoae  above  the  iaternl  line  forming  series  parallel  with 
the  back,  hnt  placed  ho  that  the  crotterowa  are  very  obli(|ae  ;  soft  parte 
of  vertical  tins  almost  entirely  covered  with  small  steales;  series  of  scales 
also  on  membrane  of  pectoraln  and  vi-ntrals;  m-aly  sheath  of  vertical 
tins  well  developed.  Dorsal  (in  low,  rather  doi'ply  mnargiuate,  its  spiuee 
very  strong,  the  second  spine  slightly  longer  than  the  eyi'  and  \  the  height 
of  the  third,  which  is  Imt  little  shorter  than  the  fonrtb  ur  longest,  and 
about  \  length  of  head;  soft  rays  luoio  than  i  height  of  longeat  ajdncs; 
caudal  rather  large,  moderately  forked,  the  np])er  h>ho  sotnewhat  the 
longer,  about  it  length  of  boiwl;  unal  rather  low,  itsdiata)  nutrgin  jierfectly 
straight,  vertical ;  second  anal  spine  very  robust,  |  length  of  head,  \  longer 
than  thf  third  sjdne,  wliieh  \n  miiih  tower  than  the  soft  ravH;  ventral  tins 
Ijt  in  head,  aliunt  reaching  vent;  pectoral  tins  long,  snbfulcate,  n  little 
longer  tliau  head,  nearly  or  quite  reaching  anal.  Color  in  life,  grayish, 
silvery  above,  with  yellowish  tinge-,  lower  part  of  aides  with  indistinct 
darker  streaks,  formed  by  clusterH  of  dark  )iriinta  on  the  niat-giiis  of  the 
scales;  a  faint  dark  bar,  most  distinct  in  the  youngeNi  Hjiecimens,  extend- 
ing from  the  region  in  front  of  the  (loraal  (o,  or  a  little  below,  the  base  of 
pectorals.  In  young  »]>eciHien8  thia  bar  is  as  wide  as  the  eye,  growing 
narrower  below,  but  in  the  adnit  it  is  scarcely  wider  than  the  pupil;  no 
trace  of  the  black  crossbais  seen  in  .f.  dorii  and  in  .i.  parifci,  nor  of  the 
dark  spots  seen  in  A,  »vri«amtnni»,  nor  nf  the  blue  striixH  of  .1.  Iirniatuit; 
vertical  fins  and  pectorals  dusky-yellowish;  distal  lialf  of  veutrais  and 
base  of  anal  blackish;  u]>pei'  part  of  heail  dusky,  i'8[»eciiilly  between  eyes; 
lining  of  opcrcle  pale,  with  yellow  |)atchoa  in  life;  peiritoueum  white. 
Pacific  coast  of  Mexico;  known  from  't  Kpecinieus  (imii  the  harbor  of 
Mazatlan  and  I  from  Acapulco.     The  type  U}  inohea  long,     (cirtiuii,  silver 

I'umuixuy  aenut,  Jordah  k  Gilbkut.  Prne.  I'.  S.  Nat.  Hus.  1881, 383.    (Type,  Noa.  28158, 

Saua, aad  ^JOJ-J,  r.S.N.M.    (.'oll.C.  H  Glllwrt.) 
J  nuormiMM  iMCjriia.  JoKOAil  Is,  FaSLKB,  l.a.,484. 1BS3. 

inSS.  AXIMOTRENrK  DOTII  iCaotber). 


Hewl  3;  depth  2.  I).  XII,  Iti;  A.  111.  1»;  scales  8-48-15.  Second  anal 
xpitiel];  thii'd  dorsal  spine  1.^.  Kody  rather  deep  and  couiprossed.  Dnr- 
saI  spines  very  high,  the  longest  1*  in  head ;  second  anal  spine  very  long, 


1318         Bulletin  ^7,  United  Stales  National  Museum. 


about  IJ  in  head;  pectorals  much  shorter  than  bead;  interorbitnl  area 
much  less  than  width  of  orltit;  einnnt  nlitustt,  not.  miu'h  loni;er  than  eye; 
(^left  of  month  siualK  thti  miisillarv  i-xleudiDg  tn  fruiit  of  eye;  iloroul  and 
anal  spinns*  exct'e<iiiigl.v  strong,  thu  third  dursal  apiiie  the  longest;  snout 
nuked,  thi' reiniiinder  of  the  hfftd  lieing  scaly;  each  ray  of  tho  mift  fins 
accompanied  Ity  11  geries  of  nniuilc  sciilea,  coveriiij^  the  caudal;  i-audal  fin 
slightly  einurginate.  Color  grayish-silvery,  with  5  jot-Ulack  cruashandN 
ill  the  adult;  tins  hlackiali.  A  strongly  marked  and  haudsoiue  specii-s. 
Lnngth  1  foot.  Paciiic  i-oaat  of  tropica]  America;  not  rare  at  MaEatlan 
and  Paniitna,     (Nnmed  for  Capt.  .John  M.  Dow,  its  discoverer.) 

/'rt«ri>i<iiia  rfocii,  GOntmkh,  I'roc.  '/a-*\\.  ^uc.  London  1)164,  23,  Paoama. 
I'tniuiilant  rfurii,  Jordan  A-  On.HSKT,  Pn>u.  1'.  S.  Nat.  Huh.  1881.  386. 
Snisctrevius  dooii,  Joboam  ili  FgriLEtt,  {.  c,  484,  18B3. 

SubeenuB  ANISOTREMUS,  Gill. 
1«M.  ANIttOTREMlS  SlRnAXENSM  (llloch). 


(FoxFOir.) 

Head  3;  depth  2^;  eye  4  in  head;  snout  2}.  D.  XII,  16;  A.  Ill,  8  or  0; 
scales  6-(!l  ill  oldicjiie  8eTles)-r)2-14  or  15,  lateral  line  vrith  19  pores.  Second 
anal  spine  I5;  fourth  ilorHal  ttpine  2;  pectoral  iia  Jong  as  head.  Body 
oblong-ell i|itit"al,  the  back  elevated,  the  proOle  strongly  convex  at  nape, 
becoroiugstraight«r  anteriorly ;  inturorbital  area  a  little  more  than  eye ; 
HHunt  rather  aliarp  ;  mouth  Nliort,  lips  very  thick,  the  inuxillarj'  extending 
to  anterior  edge  of  eye;  outsiile  toetli  of  .jaws  conical,  notiilily  longer 
and  stronger  than  the  others;  preopercle  evenly  serrate  on  vcrticjil  edge, 
weaker  at  angle;  dorsul  and  anal  npines  strong,  second  anal  stronger  and 
a  little  longer  than  tlie  higbetit  dorsal  M])iiic,  nboiit  ^  head;  soft  dorsal 
lower,  about  J  head;  pettoral  falcate,  a«  long  a.>*  head;  caudal  forkcil. 
Scales  above  lateral  line  ammged  in  obliijiic  scries  wtiich  are  not  par- 
allel with  it;  scales  above  lafi-ral  line  on  anterior  ])8rt  of  body  more  or 
less  enlarged,  especially  in  the  adult,  fewer  than  6  toM  rows  in  a  vertical 
scries  lietweea  lirat  dorsal  spine  and  liitcra!  line  Adult  gray,  with  a  dark 
spot  at  the  base  of  each  scale  on  anterior  part  of  back  ;  fins  all  dark,  no 
distinct  operi'iilar  spot.  Young  with  2  black  horizontal  stripe-s,  one  of 
those  from  eye  to  a  point  Just  liot'ore  the  base  of  caudal,  where  it  is  inter- 
rupted, a  ronliil  black  Hput  fcdlowiug  at  base  of  caudal ;  another  strip)- 
above  this  uinl  jiaiallcl  witb  it;  scalca  of  anterior  part  of  back  more  or 
leas  distinctly  marked  witb  black  sgiots,  one  on  each  scaEe.  those  spots  not 
conlluent.  Length  2  to  3  feet.  Tropical  .\uierica,  from  Florida  to  Brazil, 
leeeutl.v  taken  by  Evornianu  A:  Heau  in  Indian  Kiver;  perhaps  .ilso  occur- 
ring on  the  Paciiic  coast,  as  spociiricnB  from  the  <!alapago8  are  very  similar 
to  tlioae  frnni  riiba.  and  perhaps  referable  rather  to  «uriHa»i<-Niiiir  than  to 
i)iten-ii}itii».  The  specie!^  probably  passes  by  degrees  into  Aninotremut 
inlrrruijliia,  from  the  CinlapagoH  northward.  This  species  is  the  most 
widely  distributed  of  any  of  the  geaus.     It  reaches  u  larger  size  lluut  the 


Jordan  and  Rvermann. — Fishes  of  North  America,      1319 


otfaeni  find  ia  Hnbject  to  ttoiiaiderable  variatii>n  in  form.*     <«wri»aii»«n<ti«, 
froiu  Siiriiiiiin.) 

Lutjanut  iMTirMmtn^.  Ili/WH,  Irhthyol.,  pl.253, 17II1,  Surinam. 

n<ih>emtr\u  tiibbottt;  hArtPiiutt,  Hj»t.  Nat.  I'oiu.,  IV,  'M4, 1R03,  Surinam;  nri«r  Dlocii. 

Frislipoma  bitintatum.  Cirv-UB  &  Vaijkcickkkb,  Uiit.  Ktt.  PoIm.,  v,  371.  Ifflo,  Mar- 
tinique. 

Pritlipnma  mtUtiiOjittriiin.  CCVIBB  &  TaLBMCIEKNER.  Hiat.  Nat.  t'oliM.,  V,  273, 1830,  Braril. 

Ilunautiin  oltiujntot,  PuKV,  Mc<n)ori*«,  U,  182,  Ju«i,  Havana. 

lliirm'iUm  laJiridum,  I'oBY,  Momoriaa,  ii,  419,  IMl,  Cuba. 

I'riMlipnma  nirinamen—.  Ul'VIER  ic  VAIJCXCtSinru,  HUt.  Nat.  Puiaa..  V,  'J7:i.  IKH). 

A  nUotrfiniu  liilin'attu,  Jobda.n,  I'ro)'.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mu>.  18W),  31l>. 

AniKitrtmtu  mriHninmri;  .Ioiiiian  Ii  Kksijcr,  (.  c,  184,  l&n3:  Kvkkxa.'VN  Jt  lteA<<,  Rr|Mirt 
uu  the  Fijiberies  of  ludian  Kiver.  Florida,  Senate  Dm-.  4C.  .Villi  Coug.,  2d  soa.,  Ti.  1KU7. 

t««5,  AJnsOTBENrK  ISTERRlTPTrK  (Gill). 

(MlUARSUll.) 

Head  3;  depth  2^.  D.  XIl,  16;  A.  111,8  or  9;  scftles.V  (7or8iii  oM^iie 
Mriea) -52-12 ;  poms  48.  Form  of  Aniintnmma  siiriiiameiiiiiit,  tli»  prcirile 
rather  steuper  :iBtl  Icsn  nirved ;  soales  jiWve  ltiti'r.11  line  consiilorably  iimrc 
etilar<;cd  ;  in  olhur  rhanicters  entirely  siiiiilitr  to  J,  xuritiamensin.  Adult  in 
iifc,  grayish  »iit«rior]y,  ycdlow  on  poHtL-rior  lialf;  tho  back  tingtsd  with 
ItritBsy  olive,  which  firows  darker  beliiml,  t!in  poaterinr  ]iarts  pretty  dis- 
tinctly yellow  ;  tin  spines  ftray,  the  »oft  linn  olive,  the  lins  (jrowinj;  dusky 
ut  tip;  scali's  on  back  and  siilaa  ciich  with  a  distinct  blark  spot;  Lria 
yellow.  Yotinj^  s])e<!inieiis  witli  2  blaok  horizontal  atri])i'M,  one  of  these 
from  the  eye  t4>  a  point, just  before  l)U8e  of  rniidnl,  where  it  is  interrupted, 
a  round  black  spot  following  iit  ba--^^  of  caudal;  another  Btripp  above  this 
and  parallel  with  it;  ucales  of  nnterlor  parts  with  round  brown  spots,  not 
confluent.  Length  2  to  3  feet.  Pacific  coast  about  rocky  istandti  from 
Magdalena  Bay  t<i  Panniiia  and  the  rialap.-igon;  prxUably  varying  iuto  the 
preceding,  from  whi<-h  the  fJal:ipa;;os  specimens  are  hardly  separable.  A 
common  fooil  tisli.  (iiiterruplati,  broken,  from  the  lateral  stripe  in  the 
young.) 

Oeti)flr*»iui  iiilerrutilut,  GII.L,  Pnio.  Ae.  Nat.  Soi.  I'liila.   IMil,  'iSA,  youDi;,  Cape  San 

Lucas  (ttoll.  .1.  Xiuitua). 
Prittip>nna/»rlki,  STKixnAriiXER,  Irlilh.  Keitr..  V.  4. 1870.  Panama  (Cull.  Ignatins  Fiirtli)  i 

JoRbAil  it,  (tn.BRUT.  I'm:  V.  8.  Nnt.  MriR.  IftSI.  .'!H5. 
AniiotrtMHt  turinameunt  intcrruptvn,  .Tokdav  U  I-'e-^lrr,  1.  r.,  4&4, 1803. 


ISM.  iMMITRKNlS  BIIUliUR  ( (^uatclnau ». 

IMaBL*  PiCIBTA.) 

Hea<13;  depth2!,.    D.XII,!*!;  A.  lll,«;  scaUs  7or8-ll>-15;  lateral  line 
with  51  pores;  eye  21;  snout  \\;  preurbitiil  4;  pectoral  1.     .Scales  above 


*  Anitotrrmnt  intfrrupttu.  Qlix.  PaciUc  coaat  examplca  uaiially  bave  tbo  scalna  almx e 
tlip  litlKrnl  Hun  a  littli'  W^L-'r  tliau  imual  in  Atlanlir  apFiinu'iin,  but  tlii.t  difrunmn-  aecmn 
to  lip  Vttriiklilr.  Wfl  tiftvo  rompari'd  Huocimpne  I'tuui  ll.-iviinii.  Ilahia,  and  Ilin  -iBneiro 
with  iiit'-rnij.tn-  from  M;ii'.iitl»n.  Mn|;d»li-ua  Uny.  I'ananio,  iinil  tlio  (iiilniingix)-  Slio-'iiucna 
rriiiitli'  in>  dnrkor  ill  lolorand  with  tbonnoul  n»th«r  BhftrportTian  ()llit"r»He<tq. 

Tliiw  I  -"»  iind  Iniin  Kii>  Janeiro  hare  tlio  acalea  abova  tlir  luterxl  llii"  a  littln 

lean  in  . I  III  n)illi|iio  Meripj*.  downward  and  backward  bom  drat  doraul  spine  (7 

In  I'auuiua  siii»:iujeu,  Bin  Hpecimuu  rrnm  Magdalenu  Bay). 


1320  Bulletin  /7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


lateral  line  anteriorly  not  specially  enlarged;  all  Bpeciniena  exaniiued 
with  ft  or  4  Mack  Ijtteral  stripes,  one  from  «>y(«  to  u«iar  base  of  riiiidnl, 
where  it  ceases  aliraptly,  giving  place  to  a  ronod  ciiiidul  spot  na  in  (he 
yonng  of  A.  surinameiuit,  also  ii  stripe  frntii  scapular  Hcale  to  I;u<t  ilursal 
ray  furnvitifi  2  Hpots  oti  hack  of  ciuidal  jMidmiclo  [tliis  Htripo  wautiuj;  in 
A.  iiiriintmenniit);  nbovp  this  1  or  2  otlir-r  Btripea  p.'i.r:iLlei  with  it;  oper- 
cular Mieinhratio  lihirk.  Anterior  profile  coasidorably  steeper  than  in  A. 
turinamengh,  tii  nil  other  respects,  in  spucimens  cif  this  same  U}{e,  this 
species  soimuh  to  tigree  with  A.  »itrivame,n»i«.  (oast  uf  Brsi7.il.  Specimens 
nxamiQvu  by  us  from  Hio  Grande  do  Norte,  Uubia, '  and  Coaru.  Also  found 
in  Cuba  if  Anitotremut  IriUntntMS  is  really  the  same  speciea.  (bioolor,  two- 
colored.) 

Priilipoma  Irieotor,  CAarBLNAC.  Aoim.  Nouv,  ou  Itares  Ainer.  du  Sad, 8,  pi.  2,  tig.  S,  IHSO, 

Babia. 
rPrittipoma  triUntatum,i  POBT,  Mmnoriu,  n,  343,  1861,  Havaoa. 

Prittipoma  brarUifnte.  STSINDACHHCIt,  Sitnnngiib.  It.  Akad.  Wiae.  Wjpii.  1803,  1UI3,  Bahia. 
AniiotremvM  bieolor,  Joboam,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mas.  1890,  319;  Jobdah  Ic  Fkhikb,  L  e.,  485 


H 


1«87.  AXIKOTREirs  SCll'ELABIS  (Taohndi). 

Head  3;  depth  2^,;  eye  4;  snout  1.  D.  XI,  14;  A.  Ill,  13;  scales  fl  or 
1(M>1-10;  prrorbital  eiiii:i)  pupil;  inaxilliiry  3J ;  iiecturnl  1,',,;  gill  rakera 
10 -f- 13.  Biiily  ovatf,  the  Imrk  tdi^vatud,  the  prolilc  I'roui  tij)  of  the  abort, 
blunt  suoitt  to  lust  iIor«:tl  ray  cveuly  roiynleil;  lower  pnvlilc  »trai>;hter, 
augultit«d  at  end  of  liasi-  ofaiiiil;  month  itiodcrate;  ticth  in  broiid  haiid.i, 
the  outer  in  each  j;»\v  lorinor,  close  set,  slfnder,  and  sharp;  preofiercle 
rather  tincly,  hut  not  sharply,  scn-atc.  .Scales  ruthot  Niiiall,  more  than  !) 
in  a  vertical  aeries  between  first  dorsal  sjiine  nnd  hiteral  line.  Dorsal  lin 
divided  almost  to  base,  the  tenth  spine  no  longer  tlmu  liist;  seeond  anal 
spine  strongor  uud  a  littkt  longer  th;iu  third,  lower  than  soft  rays;  landul 
forked.  Aatorior  part  of  batly  withnut  jet-black  vertieal  bars;  axil  Jet- 
blark,  the  spot  encroaching  ou  base  of  pectoral;  a  round,  black  spot  on 
hiise  of  last  rays  of  dorsal  and  aaal;  body  dark  gray,  with  obscure,  darker 


*  A  inn-oim(Mi  from  Baliin  shnwa  the  riillowiii{!  clinractrra :  I'Mtarala  i*bur[>,  Ii^  In  hrad, 
mil  iiiiitd  toaniil;  mcoikI  anal  i>|ij<if  very  nirong,  1',',,  In  lii<a<l.  e-itunl  toloiii;«i>tdoraaj  aplne. 
Kye  larKe,  3  ill  bead ;  »unut«hnrl,  rstber  bliiiit:  pruliln  itleep.  Dnriuil  XII,  in,  SDallll, 
8.  Scales^.  Onty:  a  binck  niL'diuia  linu  cm  Itnik :  S  eqiiiillBtniit  bbick  ntriiws  as  «idt< 
as  iut«rapaeos  uu  Hid»,  ntraight  and  horientital.  the  tirst,  iMidiitg  uudei  uioth  uomal  Mpltie, 
tba  Moond  nndsr  luiibilc  »l'  iiot'l  dornjil.  liie  tliird  riinniti^  fruni  upper  ei\itn  of  (pll  openlac 
M  last  doraal  ray,  wllli  'i  black  ispotA  bebiml  it  im  liaek  n(  tail.  t)ie  fourtb  on  axis  of 
body,  <!«aiiiiiK  iia  uiiikIiiI  prntunele,  with  ii  rniiuil  M.wk  kihiI  liehinu  it  fit  ImiM-  of  caiidnl  a« 
larKO  ss  pi)]>il:  tinh  Klri|)i<  vitv  ubitcun<,  witli  a  traro  uf  »  sixlb  mif ,  n  bbrk  lilnlrb  at 
boao  of  anai  not  on  tho  (iu:  a  lar^i^  idut'k  bloUh  ikrarlv  nil  lar^o  an  piipit  on  opercular 
8»p;  'i  tiilccir.v  lioricoiitAl  Htriniw  on  tlie  iliiaky  nbnde  of 'rlicekti:  liDn  plain  iirayinb.  tli<- 
Tentrula  blac'k.  Ibe  aii&l  iIukk.v,  «xiL  diiitky.  SoaIoh  ubove  lateral  liDe  iu  Herius' nul  |Mir 
allel  wltb  It ;  0  or  7  orolea  in  a  vprticnl  sprieH  bi'luw  Interal  line. 

iAniMntrmiaii  Irilintatitt  iPo<?_v).  Ileml  :•}  in  tolal  witli  oniidal;  deplb  3^;  D.  XII.  I*; 
A.  Ill,  8.  Eve  in  M-tuinl  tlitrii  of  licnii.  I'rMipirili^  will  mTratf;  luaxillttr}-  rvmliiiig 
front  of  pupil.  TeeJli  In  villifumi  handH,  tbe  •>ntpr  eularjied  above;  unout  sealejpivd. 
Diimal  QuU'ueik,  tbu  nienibmne  of  spinoiifi  part  btnu;  seeond  aufll  S)iin<>  longer  than  tbini, 
aotroluist.  Color  tioliten  Kriiy.  wilti  soiiiewbHt  oitliqiie  atreakK  nluiiii,  llir  rows  of  arnleii: 
3  dark  bands  aloDK  body:  1  from  ituoiit  tbruu^-b  oye  tu  a  dark  Rpot  »l  liase  of  caudal; 
1  on  ttie  buck  to  tip  uf  anoiit,  not  joined  to  its  fellow;  a  narrower  dark  otrcak  along; 
latcml  line,  vanlablog  behind,  extendinc  forward  to  tlie  oyn;  flna  pale  yellow:  aidm  nf 
brad  with  Allrery  retlrctlouH.  Length  .70  in.  Flavnnail'oeyl^  not  6«eD  by  us.  Probably 
young  of  .^.fiMVtrrmiM  bievhr.    [trilifdlut,  throe  lined. J 


Jordan  and  Evermann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     1321 


■treaks;  flns  pulo;  edf^o  of  opercle  dasky.  Coaat  of  Pern;  not  rarn;  Haid 
to  have  )>ui:e  bc«u  taken  at  Ma/.utlan.  Wc  have  examined  fievoral  specl- 
mona  from  C'ullao.  It  has  iho  central  pon>  at  the  diiu,  the  failure  tu  find 
whii-b  led  Kuer  to  place  the  species  ia  JJiaijramnia.  It  fieciiKi  to  lie  idfiuticsil 
with  Peters'  type  of  /'.  nolatum,  preservcii  in  the  iniiMPiitu  sit  Uorliii,  thiuigli 
it  <li8ugree»  with  Peters'  tlejuriplinn,  the  "lorwil  rayB  beiu;?  XII,  15,  not 
XV1II-],  15,  as  stilted  hy  Petera.  This  species  is  jirobably  the  one  poorly 
described  by  Tsrhiidi  under  the  riaiue  of  l'rigli})omn  tcnimhni'.  It  ia  well 
diatiugiliBlii'd  by  the  colnr  iiiarli,  which  hii8HUf»(;i>Hted  the  tuimeK  napntarit, 
melaHO$pilii;  anil  nolutut.     {ncapula,  Hhouldcr,  I'roni  the  MUouldei'  spot.) 

Priftipntna  ftapuiarf,  TscauDi,  Fauna  rariiBoa,  12,  IU4,  Huacho. 

Diagramma  mrlanotpiUiui,  KNBR,  Silzuiig*b.  k.  Akad.  Wiafirncliart  1HS7,  4,  weit  coaat 

of  South  America. 
t'ritlipvma  nvlatuui.  I'KTKne.  Brrl.  MonalHb.  1MB.  706,  "  angeblich  aus  Maxatlan." 
PninnilnM^ii  m-idtiliu,  J<iRDA.>,  I'roc.  Ar.  Nat.  S<'1.  Phllii.  1X83,  28(1;  not  of  Tsc'ili:i>I. 
.lni«ulri'i;iii>  fcaynlarit,  J<iRDAN  4;  KfcJIJCIt,  I.  c,  485,  1H93. 

ie8»l.  i.MNOTBElIlK  0AVIIIS05II  (S.toiDduobnvr). 
(Sakoo  ILUAOO.) 

Head  31;  depth  24  to  2}.  D.  XII,  Ifi  or  15;  A.  Ill,  11 ;  nc.-.Ios  11-62-21. 
£ye4i  in  head;  snout!!;  proorbital  5.4;  nmxillury  Sj) ;  Hecoiid  aniil  spine 
2i  to  2i ;  fourth  dorsal  'iu, ;  pectoral  i  or  Gi|iiiii  lo  ho:>d  ;  ;;ill  rakers  tl  -f-  13. 
Body  elongate-ovate,  the  hack  olevatcdj  the  anterior  profile  straiKhtisb  to 
nape,  thence  regularly  convex;  lower  profile  Ktraij;lit,  angulatod  at  nnal; 
month  small;  teeth  aetiform.  arranged  iu  broad  h:iiidH,  becomi  11;;  shorter 
behind,  longer  and  stronger  in  front;  dor^^.-tl  I'm  deeply  notchod,  the  tenth 
apiue  twice  as  long  as  tirst;  second  anal  spine  iitiieh  stronger  :tnd  almost 
twice  aa  long  as  tliiril,  higher  than  suft  riiys;  rftiidiil  forked;  pectoral  :i8 
long  or  longer  than  bead.  Scales  rather  email,  wore  than  9  in  a  vortical 
eeries  between  the  tirst  dorsal  spiuo  and  the  luteral  line.  ( Jrayi.sh-silvery, 
dark  above,  with  uiauy  dark  points;  a  very  distinct  .iet-blnek  cross-baud 
CD  back  and  sides,  this  extending  from  hetwecii  the  fil'tli  and  seventh  dorsal 
spines  to  apposite  the  lower  edge  of  tbi'  pectoral ;  edge  of  ojiercle  and  J)a.')0 
of  pectoral  black  ;  fins  otherwise  dull  yellowLsh.  t.'oa-st  of  soutlieru  Cali- 
fornia, not  rare  abont  San  Diego  and  the  Santa  Rarbura  Islands.  It  has 
not  been  taken  elsewhere.  (Named  for  Prof,  lleorge  Davidson,  of  >Sau  Frau- 
ciaci>,  the  welt-known  astronomer.') 

Pritlipama  itatridtonii,  Stkimiiaciiner,  Ichtli.  Boitriiei',  ni,  6, 1875,  San  Diego,  California; 

JorhaM  A:  OiuiKRT,  Proc.  V.  S.  Nat.  Mn«.  1881,  '.185. 
I'ouuuliiiyi  diiFidmmt,  JoSDAM  it  Gu.ncirr,  Synopgia.  561,  1883. 
AnUotrrmuM  iavidioni,  Joaoxs  &  Fkslsh,  I.  e.,4fi6, 1893. 

IBStt.  ASLSOTBKIIUS  BiaKXIATl'S  iVor.y). 

Iltsid  1  in  total  with  cundal ;  depth  tij}.  1>.  XII,  IG;  .A.  Ill,  10.  Maxil- 
lary not  reaching  front  of  eye;  'J  pores  :»nd  a  groove  at  the  chin;  pre- 
opercle  with  amall  spines  well  aoparatod;  uo  scales   on  snout;  teeth  in 


*  "  Benaunt  x«  Khron  molBi'a  hoohrerRltrten  Freandea,  Prof.  Goore«  I>«vidiioii,  Priioj' 
4xot«n  iler  California  Arnili'niy  of  Natural  Science*,  wolclior  um  die  naturliLiloriiirlio 
Krfur«cliiiui;  C'alifuruirna  su  I iriloutondo  Vcrdieaato  sich  crnurbeu  bat."    (Stelmliicliaer. 

3irjo (i 


1322         Bulletin  //,  United  States  National  Museum. 


villiform  lumdn.  Fourth  riorsal  apino  3  in  depth  of  body;  Buft  tlorsal 
low;  ciniilal  ftHkeil.  Cu'ca-l.  Hiiout  ruso-colored;  rest  of  bBnd,  uiipe,  mid 
b:ick  goldt'ti-vollow,  as  are  the  belly  ami  btutci  of  aiial;  rest  of  body  k"ad- 
color,  vvUL  2  hruwiL  b:ui<l8,  lh>t  luitln-.'iy  b«twuoii  lateral  line  mid  bjiok, 
the  olher  from  oye  to  tail,  pndiuj;  in  ii  black  »]iot  as  larjjo  n.i  ey«<  at  base 
of  t'liiidalj  II  gilt  Ktri'iik  alont;  lut<.*riil  liiii',  niiotluT  iiluiig  belly,  the  two 
iiiiii'kiiig  ed^o  of  camliil  itodiiOcIo;  ii  broad  bliicklfili  vcirlical  baud  from 
IIPHt  ray  uf  doraul  to  biisc  of  jioctorul;  linn  bright  uniiiKe,  espocially  cim- 
ilal  imd  aual ;  Hpiuoiis  doraal  and  vt'tilral  with  itieioUraue.H  blackish;  » 
dark  spot  on  iiieili;in  lino  of  tail  behind  dorsul.  Iri»  browu.  Length  4 
inchen.  Havana  (I'oey) ;  not  scon  by  iib.  A  HpL>ci<-a  uf  iincertttin  relatlon- 
isbip.     i^tplvniaitii,  bvnriDK  puti'hes. ) 

rrutipoma  tpimialuin,  ri<BY.  Mi-iiii>riaa,  It  187.  IMK),  Havana. 

ISW.  JkMKUTR»:M(:H  TKMATIIK.  Uill. 
(Catauwa.) 

H.a.1  \\\;  depth  2,'„.  I).  XII,  IH;  A.  III.  10;  8Ci.fiv«  li)-r.ft-l7;  pyo  ;s)  in 
head;  Niiontlii;  preorbital  1;  iiia.\illary  3^ ;  socnnd  anal  .^iiiiiu' 1} ;  fourth 
dorsiit  Hpiiie  IJ;  pectoral  l\  jjill  rakors  8  4-11'-  Body  ovato,  the  back 
iiiiii-h  i^leviilod,  th(>  anterior  pmlile  (>teep,  cunvox  on  snout,  straightish 
oviT  eye,  nape  very  convex  to  li;i.ir  of  third  dorsal  spin«r;  inoutli  ruoder- 
ali',  the  maxillary  extending  to  uuJerior  <;«ljfi'  of  eye;  .jawssuliei|iial ;  teeth 
Hrraii};rd  in  bands,  the  unluv  iiiiub  etilarKticl ;  ubont  10  j;ill  rokers,  boMdos 
riidiiiieiit'H,  below  aiiKh;;  dmsal  liu  hiKh,  sli^htt.v^  ('iuar;riiiate ;  spines  slen- 
der, thu  highest  Hli;;btly  shorter  and  weaker  than  the  second  aual  spine, 
Nvhii'li  is  nutre  than  }  head;  caudnl  <'inargiiiutu,  the  upper  lobe  the 
longer.  Uody  with  aiiont  6lon;;iludinal  Htrijiemd' brilliant  blueon  abright 
jjolden  groiDnl,  those  <>u  nidi'  very  distinct,  not  nearly  as  wide  a«  a  !«oule, 
sbarply  edged  with  (lark<'r  blue,  their  width  about  i  that  of  the  olive 
iiiterHp.accs;  additiounl  hide  stri]ieH  in  the  iuturspiioes  faint  and  few; 
and  obti<)iie  brown  hand  from  napt<  through  eye,  broad  vertical  bands  »t 
shunldcr,  these  mnch  less  distinct  than  in  .1.  virtjinivitn;  fins  golden  yel- 
low. Yonnj^  with  a  black  bloteh  at  bjiso  of  candal.  Faeilii:  coast  of  trop- 
b-al  Alnorii-a,  Magdalena  Hay  to  Panama.  The  most  brilliantly  colored  of 
the  KenuH,  I'uninuni  on  the  Piiciiiu  coast  of  Mexico  and  Panaiua,  where  it 
reidaccs  the  closely  allied  .:l(ii««(i-eMiJi,i  lirgiuiiut.  The  diHerences  between 
the  two  species,  though  si i;;|jt,  seeui  lo  he  coustuut.  [raiyia,  &  ribbon; 
UrnialHn,  striped.) 

AniimtTttntiii  ttrnialut,  Gil.t..  I>rw.  Ac.  Kal.  Sei.  Phila.  1801,  107,  Panama  (Coll.  CaiiUln 
0««r) !  JOKDAS  &  Feslkb,  (.  «.,  MS. 

1«»I.  ASIHOTKEMt'S  VIRdlNICrN  ainnutw). 

(rf-HKriSUi  Catamnkta.) 

HMd  St;  depth  3^.     D.  XU,  17;  A.  HI,  lOor  11;  scales  11-56-17;  eye 

4i;  Bnoiit2^to3;  preorhiialJ;  maxillary  ;ti  ;  second  aim  1  spine  Si^n;  thinl 
dorsal  spine  LVn;  pectoral  i ;  n'l I  rakers  7  +  Hi.  Body  ovate,  the  back 
very  ninchehiTated,  the  uaterlor  profile  steep,  slightly  convex  alonf^  snout 


Jordan  and  Evervtann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1323 


Mid  over  eye,  very  mach  arched  at  nape;  mouth  Hinall,  the  maxillary 
extending  to  anterior  tioBtril;  jaws  »iil>e(jual;  oiitrr  row  of  teeth  tMihirgod; 
abont  (i  gill  rakers,  beKid(!H  rndiiiitnitH.  lioI(»vv  aiiglf;  durHnl  (in  low, 
eraivrf^inate,  spinefi  Rlendcr,  the  blKticNt  iilioiit  oijiinl  in  length  tn  second 
anid  Hpine,  which  ia  k'fui  thiiii  i  lieiul ;  catiiiiil  furktjil.  t^bliipiu  liar 
from  nape  through  cyu,  ami  vertical  bar  dnwuvvaid  frniii  liorttul.  jet-blink; 
SpiU'O  heforo  :iiit<-rior  bar  dei-p  y<"IIow;  iuterspace  ttetwcen  liarn  jicarly 
f(riiy,  with  vcllow  8pii(»,  tlm  Hpnts  iMindiiiuit  al«>vt>  into  a  yellow  jirea; 
ground  color  of  IxmIv  jilriin  iiearly  gray,  with  abont  7  dci-p-yt- Mow  lun- 
gituilinul  utriptH;  the  ])r'iirly  itili'rs]iiH'o  not  cdgeil  with  darlscr  and  nut 
distinctly  blue;  nil  the  tins  deep  yesllovv;  iris  gilt  gray.  A  very  young 
Hpeeimen  showed  the  following  colnration  in  life:  |iale  anterior  region, 
fniin  lower  jaw  and  temporal  region  to  spinous  dorxal  bright  yellow; 
npiiioiiN  doraiil,  veutnilK,  aud  front  of  iiinil  deep  golden;  other  tint*  pale;  u 
large  round  jct-bla(dc  Hfiot  at  hiiHe  of  caiulnl;  ii  iliirk  bund  froiti  front,  of 
spinous  dorsal  downwanl,  and  '1  Idaek  Htri|ieH  along  Bides, oni'  from  ua])o 
to  last  ray  nf  dorHal  aud  one  from  the  eye  nearly  to  the  eaiulal  Hpot.  Flor- 
ida to  Ura/il;  the  eonnnoueMi  of  tliu  genut*  in  (lie  Wext  liidief),  and  tlie 
only  one  except  .-/.  siiriHUHienM*  which  extendji  its  ranger  to  the  roast  of 
Florida.  (Name  from  Virginia,  but  the  Hpeeicis  does  not  reach  thus  far  to 
the  northward.) 

tiuai\uupa )«lia,  MABCifUVE,  Iliiiit.  I^m.'-il.,  US,  tCtl^,  Brazil. 

Irard //iiiiiiin,  M.^R^<iRAVK,  HikI.  ISrasU.,  Wi,  1A4H,  Brazil. 

Simr-ai  ririiiniriu,  LlJiH/Klis.  Sysl.  Nut..  X.  Wl,  1758,  South  America. 

Si„trui  vittatiu.  Bloch,  Ir.lilliyul.,  tat.  2<!3.  &g.^.  1791,  Brazil:  nrtur  MABCUfUVK'S  Aeara 
pinitna. 

I'tiea  juba.  BliOCH,  I.  e.,  lar.3U8,  flg.  7,  1711,  Brazil;  after  Marcobavk'*  OualMeuiia  juba. 

flrammitlf  inauriUl.  BuKlU  A.  SruilKlDKR,  Syiit.  li'hthjrnl.,  16S.  1801 ;  aMor  Kyanu  tiltaUu 
uf  Bl/M-n. 

r  ftitti^iema  cnlharinir,  CrviltB  &  VALKKCiasHKa,  Hint.  Xnl.  Polaii.,  v, 2ffl),  IMO,  St.  Cath- 
arine Island,  Brazil. 

rruKipuma  rmfti.  t'lViKu  Jk  Valbitcikkkks.  Hlat.  Nat.  Puiu.,  v,  274,  1830,  Martinique, 
Brazil,  Puerto  Rico,  and  Ban  Domingo. 

f'rUtijiinna  nearii  piniina,  Cahtelnal'.  Auini.  ifuuv.ou  Rurca,  8,  1850,  Brazil. 

I'nttifiuma  rirtjiniciim,  OOntIIEB,  Cat ,  I,  288. 

.1  nU'itrrinut  pin/iiiiruz,  UiU>.  Proc..  Ac.  Nitt  Sel,  Pbila.  IBSl ,  107 :  JoBDAir,  Proo. IT. S,  Not. 
Moa.  1R90,  319:  JOHllAIf  tl  fBALBM,  l.t.,  486, 

Vnmadiuy  pirjrinicuii,  ,ToBDA.N  A-.  GiLBBBT,  Prnv,  V.  8,  NaU  Mu«.  1881,  385, 
IMS.  A.^IHOTHKarK  .SKRIil  I.A  iCiivier.V  Viil<'ui'li<iinB«). 
(TtTB  DK-RmjIKj  PKTrrB-SciK.t 

Dorsal  XII,  13;  A,  111,  9.  Hody  a  little  more  obhnii;  than  in  Aniioire- 
mut  turinamenitii.  ,Snont  xhort,  not  longer  tiniii  width  of  eye;  doriuil  tin 
very  deeply  iiolrhed,  with  fenlde  .spines;  seeond  and  third  anal  spines 
e<|ual  in  length.  Anterior  part  of  body  witlunit  <litrk  i-rosxhars,  the  body 
sometimes  ploin  jellowish,  the  back  usually  violet,  with  I  or  0  jellowish 
lines;  silvery  below.*     Martiniijne  (Cnvier  i^  Valeueiennes);  not  neen  by 


*  Exr«pt  fur  the  preannoa  of  lh«  sronra  at  iJio  «liin,  aa  impliiMl  in  Ihit  rii'scriplinn  of 
Curler  &  Vnlrnci)*uuo«,  vrp  ttii<vht  Htijipcinci  AnUotrtmuit  temtla  to  bu  Ittrntioal  with 
Oenyatrfmut  latent. 


k 


1324         Btdletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 

us.    {serrula,  a  little  saw,  a  translation  of  the  French  name  "Petite-Scie," 
used  at  Martinique.) 

PrUHpmna  ttrrula,  CtrviEB  ic  YALKNCrEimES,  Hiat  Nat  Poiu.,  v,  272,  I8S0,  Martinique. 
Prittipoma  auratum,  CnviER  &  Valknoirnkks,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  v,,2T2,  Martinique. 
Anintrtmtu  terrula,  Jobdam  &  Fbslbb,  I.  o.,48T. 

543.  CONODON,  Cuvier  &  Valenciennes. 
Oonodon,  Cuvier  &.  yALENCiBNNES,  Hist.  Nat  Foiis.,  v,  156, 1830  (antinanu*=:nobait). 

This  genus  is  close  to  Pomadasts,  ftom  which  it  is  separateil  by  the 
enlarged  out«r  teeth  and  by  the  peculiar  armature  of  the  preopercle,  which 
is  very  sharply  serrate,  the  serrtc  at  the  angle  enlarged,  those  before  the 
angle  turned  forward.  Body  oblong;  soft  rays  of  dorsal  and  anal  more 
or  less  scaly ;  second  anal  spine  large.  American.  (xaJKoS,  cone;  oSdiv, 
tooth.) 

a.  Bark  distiiiRtly  elevated  and  compreised,  the  depth  3i  In  body;  dorsal  flns  io«, 
fourth  spiue  the  longest,  1]  in  head:  longest  dorsal  ray  2^  in  head ;  outer  teeth 
much  enlarged.  kobiub,  1683. 

aa.  Back  not  elevated,  the  depth  3|  in  bmly ;  dorsal  fin  higher  than  in  nobilU.  fourth 
spine  the  longest,  2i  in  head;  longest  dorsal  ray  3  in  head;  outer  teeth  little 
enlarged.  sERSinB,  ISM. 

1698.  CONODON  NOBILIS  (Linnipus). 

Heud  3^;  depth  3^.  D.  XI— I,  13;  A.  Ill,  7;  scales  6-55-13.  Back  dis- 
tinctly elevated  and  compressed,  the  depth  about  equal  to  length  of  heud; 
dorsal  tins  low,  fourth  and  longest  spine  1}  in  head,  longest  dorsal  ray  2^ 
in  head ;  second  anal  Hpiiie  very  long  and  strong,  higher  than  the  soft 
rays,  more  than  \  length  of  head ;  second  dorsal  spine  about  f  length  of 
third ;  pectorals  narrow,  about  reaching  vent ;  teeth  of  outer  scries  en- 
larged, stout;  preorbital  at  its  least  width  more  than  i  diameter  of  eye. 
Air  liladder  with  2  ohort  bonis  in  front.  Color  silvery,  darker  above, 
with  8  dark  bars,  which  exti'nd  on  sides  below  level  of  pectoral;  sides 
with  light  yellowish  streaks  in  life;  dorsal  si>ineB  silvery.  West  Indies; 
coast  of  Tex.-is  to  Brazil;  on  sandy  shores.  Length  about  a  foot.  This 
species  is  not  rare  in  the  West  Indies,  and  is  more  couimou  on  the  coast 
of  Brazil.     {noh%li»,  noble.) 

Pereanobilit,  LlNN^us,  Syst.  Nat.,  K<1.  x,  191,  1758,  North  America. 
Seuenaplutnieri,  Bux;u,  Ichtbyol..  vi,  66,  taf.  306,  1791,  Martinique. 
Sciana  eoro,  Rlocb,  I.  c,  pi.  307,  flg.  2,  1791,  Brazil ;  alter  Ooro  eoro,  Marcqbave. 
Ghtilodiptrrui  ehrytopteru;  LA<'i::PKnK,  Hist  Nat.  Poiss.,  Ill,  542,  pi.  33,  fig.  1, 1802. 
Cimodon  antillantu,  CuviKB  .t  Valesciknmeb,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  V,  156,  1H30,  Jauiaica. 
Pri$Hpoma  eoro,  Ci'viek  &  Valenciennes!.  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  v,  266,  1830. 
Conodan  ptumieri,  UCnthek,  Cat.,  I,  304,  ISIiO. 
Oonodon  nobilis,  Joudan  &  Feslbb,  i.  c,  488. 

1694.  CONODON  .SERRIFER,  Joi^lan  St.  Gil)>ert. 

Head  3  J  in  length  to  b.ise  of  caudal ;  depth  3?.  1).  XI— 1, 12;  A.  Ill,  7; 
scales  6-53-15.  Body  comparatively  elongate,  elliptical,  little  compressed, 
the  dorsal  and  ventral  outlines  regularly  and  nearly  equally  curved,  the 
back  not  much  elevated  and  not  specially  compressed.    Head  rather  short, 


Jordan  and  Evennann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1325 


broad,  not  very  wnte  anteriorly,  the  profiln  nearly  atraiglit  from  snout  to 
base  of  dorsal;  snout,  sbcirt,  nliout  equal  in  Icngtii  to  the  Inrgi^  oye,  3^  iu 
heftd.  Interarbitnl  nrea  tn'oml  and  i|uit«  Hat,  ttH  vt  idtti  1 J  in  hciid.  Xoiith 
moderate,  lenniiiiil^  ubluiiit;,  tbo  tipH  iiioilerately  dovolopctl ;  luiixillary 
extemlin};'  to  opfxinite  (rout  of  rvr,  2]  in  LcikI;  )iri'iiiiixilliirii!it  iu  front  on 
levi-1  of  iiiid<llc  of  eye.  Tootb  in  iiiiKlorato  bamU,  thtmo  iu  the  outer  Bi-rios 
euliirijed,  lint  unirb  Iosn  so  fliaii  in  Cmiodon  imhiiiii,  tin-  tcrtli  sli'mliTtT 
than  iu  fhe  latter;  2  tt-ftb  in  t'rnnt  uf  ll^we^  Jaw  tiornewliat  cunimdike. 
t*reort>itul  narrow,  it^s  lea-t  vi<)tli  atmut  i"  di/itiu^tiT  of  eye;  Jaws  eijnal 
iu  front;  itreopcrcle  with  its  poHterior  margin  Hoiiic'wbiit  •Htriravo,  unned 
■with  Btrong  t<-eth,  whirli  ari>  diroiteil  biiclvward  uutl  RoinowliJit  upward; 
angle  of  preopond"-  with  a  (ttrmitj  »pirn^  directed  ba<'kward,  ilM  U'Dgtb 
about  i  length  of  cyo;  lower  limb  of  prenperrlo  with  strong  HpiDous 
teeth  (aa  in  the  Bpecies  of  I'leclrit/ioma),  diiccted  forward  and  down  ward, 
becoming  gradually  Hinalb^r  autiniorly  ;  nontrilH  Hnnill,  rnundittb.  the  ante- 
rior larger.  Gill  mkers  riitlu-r  slundiir,  of  modoratp  IcdkIIi.  tjcali's  rather 
Irregularly  arranged,  those  ab«)VQ  lateral  line  forming  flerlun  parallel  with 
it,  which  are  somewhat  broken  opposite  cbi'  angulation  of  ttie  lateral 
liue;  small  srales  on  Hoft  partH  of  clornal  ami  anal;  dorsal  liu  low,  divtdcul 
nlioost  to  hosr,  the  spines  rather  strong;  lirst  and  sctond  Bpinei*  short 
and  slender,  the  second  litllo  morr  ihaii  J  thr  height  of  Iho  third;  the 
fourth  or  longest  i},  in  head;  Hiifl  dornsil  low,  its  lorigest  rays  ^  iu  head; 
euudal  rtuhtrunoat.)',  tbn  upper  rays  longest,  IJ  in  head;  .iniil  rather  low, 
the  si-cond  spine  'J  iu  head,  much  longer  and  stronger  than  thti  third,  wbich 
iit  little  lower  than  the  soft  rayi*-;  pectoral  pointed,  l,',,  iu  hcail ;  vi<nti-iil» 
1,?.  Color  dusky  bluish  aliovo,  yilvcry  below;  sides  of  back  with  about? 
abort  black  bars,  each  nuicb  narrower  than  tlni  interspaces,  the  last  under 
last  rays  of  dorsal,  all  tenutuating  below  at  the  lower  edge  of  the  dark  hue 
of  the  back;  liuo  all  pale.  Length  8  inches.  Lower  California;  kuowu 
only  from  the  original  types,  3  .spcciuieuB  taken  by  lir,  i^treets  nt  Boca 
Soledad.  It  is  close  to  Conoilon  nobilii,  but  lilcnderer  and  Boniowhat  dif- 
ferent iu  armature,     {terra,  saw;  /rro,  I  bear.) 

Oetudon  }4«mi*ri,  Strskts,  Bull.  U.  S.  Kst.  Hun,,  vn,  M,  1877,  Boca  Soledad,  west  cottat 

Lower  California;  not  of  Tuvieb  i  VAi.iKrisxKia. 
Oimodonin-m/*r., lonUAS  A  (iUJiKKT,  Prw.  U.S.  Nat.  Miiii.  1882,351,  Boca  Soledad,  Lower 

California  (Typo,  IVMa.r,  8.x.  M.     Coll.  Dr.  Strctu) ;  Jubdan  Jt  Kesleb,  I.  r.,  4M8. 

544.  BRACHYDEUTERUS,  fJill. 
(IMlllUTOS.) 

UndtgdetkUru;  diu.,  Vtitc.  \v.  NntSci.  PhiU.  I80-J,  IT  {auritui,  au  Arrioanipoolas). 
Bmrnviuptit.  Stboojachner.  Icbth    Nntiwu,  vni,   U,  ISOO  (eornnirjurmi;  a   Uraxilian 
apeclea). 

IkHly  oblong;  scales  large,  those  above  in  series  parallel  with  the  lat- 
eral line;  mouth  Hmall,  outer  teeth  in  jaws  somewhat  enlargeii ;  inside  of 
jaws  not  red.  Anal  spines  siiuiU  or  moderate,  the  second  little,  if  any, 
longer  or  stronger  than  third,  and  lowi-r  thiiu  the  soft  rays;  soft  dorsal 
and  anal  largely  covered  with  Hniall  scale.'j;  dorsal  spines  112;  soft  dorsal 
i-ouiparuti vely  long,  uf  15  or  IU  rays ;  otherwise  esseutiuUy  as  in  I'otnadati*, 


132C         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum, 

the  fiDH  smaller  and  more  HCaly.  (/3pa;i;iJ?,  short;  if  rrf^jiis,  second;  the 
typical  sftetJes  (aurUu*)  wiui  placed  l>y  Ciivier  A  ValcufJenneB  iii  the 
S&dKoid  getnie  iMrimun,  from  whicli  it  wiih 8ii)i])(iKod  to  dilTcr  in  the  Hhurter 
8«eond  dorsal.    The  uauicvruuld  bett«ruppl.v  tutUe  shortitocund  aual  spine.) 

a.  Fri^loml  Bub  abort,  tuoch  ithort^r  tliati  hnwl ;  anal  ipinca  very  MniUl. 
b.  I'rMirbiUil  uarrow,  nut  UN  liriuiil  ascvc. 

r.  Second  anid  H]>lm-  Rhmtci  t)i.in  Ibi-  llilrti;  Nxly  niber  nloDf^te,  tbo  muiilh 
HDinll,  tho  iimilllury  iiol  i|uitr  rritrhiiit;  Tiniit  of  ■•yn.  A  largp  bInckUli 
rounibil  Irliilch  iirarly  •«  lareo  a*  ry«s  brliiiiil  lliu  i>iipriiM>  npiibi,  at  Ihu 
i>r)|^ii  iir  tliQ  tiil^ral  lliir.  kitiui  s,  1005, 

re,  S«'c'oriil  unul  n|ili)i*  liluMit  4Hpiii1  ((» tbirti  in  leiigtii,  but  Ntotit«r,  3  to  il)  in 
beu4l,  rrlntivrly  larger  in  atunllitr  ft)M*riini'Liii;  n  ttilTiisf  iSnrk  bluiitb  on 
seepular  rcgtun.  very  faint  in  tlic  hiriter  aiKfiiuMi*. 

t'ltiiviN^r.roBMU,  lOM. 

bb.  Fnmrbita]  liroud.  »iilrr  tlian  pyn,  Hj  Xtii  in  brail:    anal  wpint'ii  not  gra(liiat<>d; 

maxillary  iiut  rrncliini:  thr  cyc:  siilca  with  inili-tiimt  ilnrk  alrvakH  or  nouo; 

Doilark  M'apuliir  l>lut<'li.  i.Kfriiifi-a,  1097. 

aa.  I'c<'(ural  lina  lung,  nearly  (-iitial  to  hoad-,  proorUital  liniai).  about  iw  wiilo  ax  eyr. 

Itoily  rather  robuat,  Ilia  bark  I'lcTateil,  tliv  profllo  vrnn.     Aiillary  bbMch  lorgc^ 

black,  cnrroachtiig  upon  tli«  rax*  of  tbe  pectoral  llo.  AXlLLakra,  laos. 

ia»r>.  RK1I'IIVI>I:I'TKRI;n  MTIDI;X  (SteiucUrhiuvr). 

Head  ^^,  tleptli  :i:  cyi^  ."SJ ;  suoiit  X  V).  XII,  Ifi;  A.  111,8;  fourtb  dorsiil 
H]>)u«  2;  seroiid  iiii.il  Hpine  ticirly  4;  portoral  J<;  srdlc*  6  or  7-j»2-10. 
liDily  tiiixliTiitt'ly  «"I(>rignttv,  roiiiprenKcdj  \\w  liiick  evuidy  arrbed;  liuad 
piiintcd,  tliu  iiiiititli  HiiiitH,  luaxillarv  not  rDachiuK  to  i-ye;  pri<or1)ital  nar- 
row, not  so  wid«  us  oy«i;  posterior  edge  of  prt'oporcle  linely  and  evenly 
serr;»t<';  gill  rakt<r»  short  and  slender,  :ilioot  7  + 1"-  I'orNal  in)t  deeply 
notciied,  loti;;t'Ht  riy  Ij  in  louj^est  npini,';  iimil  fl|>incH  vory  smiill,  the  h«<c'- 
oiid  FiTiortcr  tluui  tliird;  pectoral  iiincb  hIioiNt  lliuii  hvad,  not  reaching 
nnicli  past  ti])»  of  vuntralM,  wlii<'b  n-;icU  Ijiill'way  to  ltii»e  of  Krst  au.il 
ray;  ciiutlal  limato.  Sitvi-rv,  d;»rkrr  abovu,  witbilurk  struaka  along  thi" 
mwH  o1'  scali'N,  i^HpniiulIy  (IJHtiiirt  li«lo>v  lateral  line;  a  large  round  blotch 
at  beginning  of  lateral  liiK',  alioiit  as  lnr);o  as  eye;  (ins  ptaiTi.  Li-ngtb  10 
iticbes.  PaoiliL' fuuMt  of  tropical  .Kint-rica;  kituwii  from  Maxatlaii,  Paiiuuia, 
and  till'  (iiilf  of  CalifiM'oia.     (iiitiduH,  shiuiug.) 

I'rittt}i"tnn  ( H'rmttlnpritt  nitutum,  Steimuai'IINKK,    tclttli.   Niillaicn,  Vni.  5,  pi.  :i,    I84W, 

Mazatlan,  Mexico. 
I'nmailntia  niliilus.  .UiUtiXK  &  I'Kai.KK,  (.  r.,  4!M :  JoiinAM,  Kintmii  of  Slnnliia,  4A2,  |Ktli.S. 

IBM.  BK.iriiTD'KIITKKIN  r«»RVI>>:r»KlIK  |SU-lndailiiier). 

Ht<a.l  3  t4»  3i ;  depth  .Hi ;  eyt-  Ilf  to  t  in  head  ;  snout  2^  to  3.  D.  XII,  15; 
A.  Ill,  7;  mail's  (5-51-10,  Upi)er  profile  reguliirlyarched  from  snout  to  tail, 
the  biglipsi  pninl  at  origin  ol'  dorsal ;  lower  prolilc  nearly  straight  to  base 
of  anal;  itruorbital  sligbtly  Ics.s  than  eye;  iimxillary  not  reaching  eye,  3i 
tu3-  in  lir'Hd;  anterior  iioKliil  oviil,  twii-ti  tlic  sue  of  pfwtfrior;  preoperrle 
liuely  t«otbeil,  about  'M  tcctb  iiij  upper  titiili,  iiicrmiBiny  slightly  in  size 
l^jw.ird  angle;  dorsal  nntchi-d  nliiiost  to  bUNc,  lourtb  Kpiiii'  longest,  l^i  to2i 
in  htad;  longt-Rt  mift  ray  (himouiI)  e<|iial  to  or  uligbtly  lesw  than  longest 
spine;  pe<-toral   poiultHl,  1|   tu   It   iu   hoadj  ventral    broad,   the  margin 


4 

M 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1327 


nearly  atrnight,  innpr  ray  !}■  in  hocoihI,  wbicU  is  2  iu  hoad;  first  ray 
brancbeil  once,  slightly  tiliiiiieiitous,  otber  rays  bram'liiMl  uiiicli;  Bci'oiid 
and  third  anal  spinea- about  e(|ual,  3  to  3]  in  brad,  relatively  liirj^er  in 
Hinaller  RpecimoDS,  tbr*  second  stooter;  lirHt  Koft  niy  2^  in  bend;  iiiar^iti 
anal  sligbtly  concave,  tbo  lust  my  shorter  tliiiu  soroiid  spinu;  iqiper 
t>o  of  caudal  longer,  the  diflvrciict;  more  uoticeiiblf  iu  tlie  smiiller  tipoci- 
ens,  Ijt  to  1^  iu  bead,  uiid<tl«t  rays  1-^  in  npimr;  pectornl  scaly  nt  baao 
only,  otber  tin*,  nxcppt  xpinoiis  dorsal,  iimre  or  les«  completely  scaled,  a 
narrow  nbeatb  of  nralos  on  siili's  of  doraitl  and  aunt,  Biipjilcnittitary  rtcaTes 
Nli);htly  dfVfloiH'd  iu  axil  f>f  vt'iilialB;  li'ast  ik'ptli  of  raiiclal  pftlunclo  li 
t<»  li|  in  tbo  Icni^tb  froiti  beluw  oud  of  dorsal,  its  b^iigtb  b«;iiij^  e<|nal  to 
middle  caudal  rays;  lateral  lini<  ami  rows  of  scales  abovi-  it  roncentrii- 
with  back,  Hcales  b*-low  lateral  liiii:  iu  liorii^ontal  rows.  Color  in  nicoliol: 
Dark  olive  above,  lower  sidei  iiinro  or  Ions  silvery,  tlin  hH}»iT  aiicciiiK-uA 
mncb  tbi>  llt;liter;  it  dark  linn  iibnig  ciicli  row  of  Hcab-a  bobnv  hitcriil  Yuw, 
these  rntber  indistinct  in  larmier  HpecinieoH;  nchIph  above  lateral  liao  with 
dark  centers,  tbeeo  not  forming  distinct  linci;  adilfiiso  dark  blotch  on 
McajMilur  M-(:ion,  very  faint  in  tbo  larger  spfciinens;  pectorals  colorlcHA, 
other  tiu«  i>uuctate,  tbo  niar^ina  very  dark.  There  is  coasidetablo  varia- 
tion in  tbi>  ground  i-olor,  tbo  larger  Hpcciniens  bcin^  ilistiuclly  silvery, 
Houii' of  the  sinsillcr  heavily  washed  wilb  olive  and  having  tlu^  scapnlar 
blotch  more  developed.  Our  sperimens  differ  troni  .Steinilacbuer'sdeRcrip- 
tiou  in  baviit^  a  rather  shorter  umxillary,  not  reaching  eye,  unrruwer  pre- 
orbital,  and  a  blotch  on  Hcaptibir  rei;ioii.  They  ate,  however,  ])robab1y 
not  BpfcilicFilly  distinct.  West  lnd(o»  to  Hrnzil;  hero  dctxTlbed  from  5 
S|>ecinieiis  v>\  tn  7^  inches  long,  coll!ei:'t«d  at  Kingston,  .laiiiuica,  by  Mr. 
Joseph  Seed  Uoberts.     (Corriwa,  a  syuonyui  of  Sritrna;  forma,  fonn.) 

HtrmuUm  corpina(fonn*,  STKiNPArimtR.  Tchth.  Noliion,  VU,  IS.  IBW,  Santos,  Branl. 
P»mad<utt  enrfiiiir/ormit.  .TiiroaN  &  Fkkmr,  Spumid  FI>!lii-«,  4Da,  189.'). 
BruehiKlfulerut  eorrimr/ormi*,  Jukiia.n  ii  Rotteb.  Kisbcn  iil  Jutiiaicii  iu  rroc.  Ao.  N»t. 
Soi.  Pbilo.  I.-<<j7.  Ilu. 


ini*;.  RRAt  iiypectekum:  i.i:t  risers  iciintiixr). 

(tJcaaiTo.) 

Head  3;  depth  3  to  S,\„  D.  XII,  M  to  l(j;  A.  111,7  or  «;  scales  6-52-12; 
preorbital  3^  to  4  iu  head;  orbit  1;  snout  t<;  maxillary  3,1;  fnurtb  dorsal 
Bpine  11  in  bead;  second  anal  »pine  variable,  frum  3  to  4  ;  peotoriil  H; 
npper  candal  lobe  IJ.  ISoily  moderately  rlonnate,  deepest  at  shoulders; 
prolile  steep,  but  not  greatly  rnrved,  sli^jbtly  iHincave  uliovo  eyes;  luoirth 
small,  lower  Jaw  f*Ii^!itly  tnclmied,  muxiUary  nut  reacbin;?  front  of  eye; 
preorbital  wider  than  eye,  iLiterorbital  llattish,2;  orliit;  preopercleBbar]dy 
•errnted:  (^ill-rakers  about  half  ])niiil,  5-}-l:i.  UorKul  deeply  notched,  the 
but  B]iini<  ubiHit  twice  as  linij,;  as  iie.xt  to  last;  fourth  spine  lon);est,  ^ 
looker  than  loi)(;est  ray;  second  anal  spine  Htonter,  not  nnich,  if  auy, 
•borter  than  third,  its  tip,  when  depre8.^cd,  reachin){  hiisiv  of  last  ray; 
pect.orul  short,  reaebinj;  past  tips  nf  ventrala.  but  not  to  vent;  upper 
lobe  iif  laudal  the  longer,     t'olor  KTayiab-silvery ;  a  light   lateral  baud, 


1330         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


dd.  Month  small,  tho  nutzillary  not  reachinK  beyond  anterior  edge  of  orbit, 

about  31  in  head ;  pectorala  long,  H  in  bead ;  acales  large,  49  to  48. 

Body  orate-clonf^ate,  compreaeed,  oonsidcrably  elerated  at  nape; 

anterior  profile  straight  or  slightly  concave  from  nape  to  point  of 

snout;  snout  sharp  and  iiointfd. 
/.  Kye  4^  in  head;  dortial  fin  very  deeply  notched,  the  spines  long 
and  strong,  the  longest  about  2  in  head ;  second  anal  spine  very 
long  and  strong,  about  2  in  head:  pectoral  long,  reaching  a 
little  beyond  the  vent,  about  3^  in  body.  Coloration  dusky, 
with  a  metallic  luster  above,  lighter  below ;  back  with  abont  4 
dusky  transverse  bands  extending  to  level  of  pectoral. 

MACRACANTHl'S,  1702. 

/.  Eye  3i  in  head;  second  anal  spine  more  than  half  head,  longer 
than  fourth  dorsal  spine.  ahdrbi,  1703. 

RaOHCISCUS  (diminutive  of  poyxo^,  grunter) : 
ec.  Dontal  spines  XIII;  preorbital  narrow. 

g.  Body  moderately  elongate,  the  depth  2}  to  3  in  length. 

h.  Snout  pointed,  3}  in  hcjul.  itody  elongate,  oompreased,  the  back 
elevated,  high  at  the  nape,  the  anterior  profile  rather  irregular 
varying  with  age:  a  more  or  leas  distinct  frontal  depression 
above  eye  in  old  specimens;  month  amall,  the  maxillary 
barely  extending  to  the  anterior  edge  of  orbit;  lower  jaw 
included;  scales  rather  large,  4-54-16,  those  above  the  lateral 
line  parallel;  dontal  fin  moderately  not<^hed;  second  anal  spine 
very  strong  and  long,  reaching  past  tips  of  all  tho  raya;  pec- 
toral short.  Color  rather  plain,  about  3  or  4  ill-defined  longi- 
tudinal dark  strit)es  along  rides,  one  from  point  of  snout  to 
middle  of  base  of  caudal.  cbocho,  1704. 

hh.  Snout  longer,  moderately  pointeil,  abont  3  in  head ;  body  elongate, 
ovato,  rompresHed,  the  back  elevated,  depth  about  3  in  length : 
Iiectorals  rather  long,  H  in  head;  anterior  profile  steep  and 
convex  over  snout,  depressed  above  eye,  becoming  slightly 
convex  at  nnpo;  toji  of  head  with  asllghl  deiireHMion:  mouth 
small,  the  maxillary  barely  reaching  to  tlie  anterior  edge 
of  eye;  preorbital  very  narrow;  eye  very  large,  about  3  in 
head;  soft  dorsal  and  unal  slightly  scaly  at  base;  dorsal  fin 
only  moderately  notched,  the  aoft  part  much  shorter  and 
lower  than  the  spiumis  portion ;  dorsal  spines  very  high  and 
stout,  fourth  1}  in  head;  second  acal  spine  very  long  and 
strong,  IJ  in  head;  |>ectornl  long;  caudal  slightly  lunate. 
(,'olor  uniformly  silver-gray,  the  base  of  each  scale  slightly 
darker.  branicki,  1705. 

gg.  Itmly  very  long  and  low,  coiiiprcssed,  the  back  little  elevated,  the 
depth  about  3;  in  length;  pe<-toral8  shortish,  ]|  in  head.  Second 
unal  spine  very  Inng,  l^  in  head;  anterior  profile  Irrognlar, 
straightisli  over  snout,  slightly  convex  above  eye,  occiput  con- 
cave, convex  nt  n«p<>:  mouth  moderate;  maxillary  reaching  to 
front  of  pupil;  teeth  at  angle  of  preopcrcle  almost  spiny;  eye 
large ;  base  of  soft  dorsal  and  anal  nuked  or  slightly  scaly;  doraal 
lin  only  slightly  notched,  the  Hofl  part  about  linlf  as  long  as  spiny 
portion ;  dorsal  spines  very  strong:  sivond  anal  spine  very  long, 
reaching  beyond  tips  of  lost  rays.  Color  of  Ijody  metallic  grayish- 
golden,  with  indistinct  streaks  and  bandH;  belly  lighter;  fins 
diinky.  KAMoai'8,  1706. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1329 


545.  POMADASIS,  Lao^'p?do. 
(U11UKO8.) 

rtmataid,  LxefiPliDII,  Hiat.  Nut.  I'oina  .  ir,  516,  ISU'J  {nrymttUM). 
Lu priitifomu,  Cl'vier.  IWnnv  AniniiU,  Ed.  1.  270,  1817  (AmM,  etc.). 
/'r«#ri/ii>ma.  OkeD,  I.sii,  IHI7  ihnnta). 

I'rUtijmmn ,  CuviBU,  Uognr  Animiil,  Rd.  2,  tl,  17<t,  1829  (Aojrfa,  eus.). 
Khniru;  .lOBliA.N  ,V  GVRRMAN.S,  Clii-i-k-I.Ut.  ;IHT.  18W)  {jiaiiamriiiU). 
Tlhimeitetu,  Jordan  A:  Evkbmam.n,  f;iie<'lc-Ll.st.  :187.  18EKI  {eeitero^. 

Body  oblong,  soiuewhat  conipreaited,  th«  back  not  ninch  elevated ;  niooth 
rather  small,  teriniiinl,  low,  tli«  lipn  tl\in;  in.ixillary  ii.iualiy  not  esteudiii); 
to  opjioBito  the  e.ve,  its  tip  imt.  riiii'lung  thu  |K>Hterior  <*dp>  of  thi'  broa<l 
preorbital ;  iireiuaxillarics  pmtrartile;  tt>ptli  nii  Jaws  only,  in  villiroriu 
bauds,  Bubeqiial,  or  tho  oiili'i'  M>riea  iii  uppor  Jaw  luore  or  leB.s  on!ar);c<l; 
no  red  on  the  .jaws;  a  central  groove  htiliirul  Ibe  Hym]>hy8is  of  the  lower 
jaw:  tthe<<kH  and  opcrcles  Bcnly;  prcoperelo  raihei' (listluctly  Hcrrato,  tho 
semi'  below  not  tinned  frtrvvard;  siiprasfuiinla  mrrate;  scales  large,  those 
above  lateral  Hue  in  snrieo  [larallel  with  it;  no  Bmall  scales  ut  baso  of 
tho  others;  soft  iluraul  and  anal  IUih  naked,  ur  with  a  very  few  scalca 
at  base;  dorsal  fin  tiiiiari^iDato,  the  apiiies  MtronK,  II  to  1!)  in  iinmbcr,  the 
soft  rays  11  to  14;  anal  tin  of  7  or  8  soft  rays,  short,  with  the  sovond  spine 
always  very  strouj^;  nill  rakers  fooble,,  few  in  iiuniher;  cauiliil  luuato, 
forked.  This  g«>un!i  \,»  cotnpoHed  of  Huiall  shore  ti.'«la'M,  Home  of  itii  repre- 
sentatives being  fomul  in  niost  lro|iiciil  sea».  Jr^everal  of  the  species  enter 
freith  waters,  and  porbnps  belong  to  tbd  brai-kish- water  ftiuna.  Nnnierous 
H]>ocie8  are  fonnd  on  tho  west  coast  of  Africa  and  about  tho  C'api>  Verdo 
Islands,  but  so  far  aw  known  none  enters  European  vvatiTs.  (ntbua,  oper- 
oulum;  Scx6vi,  rough,  lieuce  wore  correctly  written  Pomada*y».) 

KaEHCHUS  {^tifKOf,  or  ■(»>«««,  nnorinK.  lu'iico  Jiimrtmt,  Jlonco,  lloneadnr): 

a.  Teitth  in  Imlh  .jiiwA  in  vllllfurm  biiiiiln,  tli**  i»uU'r  Aeriea  not  nt  nil  enlarged;  preo- 
|»rri'lr  with  wfijik  HPrrnturr.'i;  tlorHal  npliicji  12. 
ft.  Tliird  donwl  Hjiiuf  ]ircKliiie<i,  iiiiidi  lonKfr'hi-ulIiootlM'ni,  about  lialrleDflliiif 
beud;  ercond  iiiial  (pine  wimi'wliiit  nliurtiT;  |iruti1e  ciinTex ;  acalra  nearly 
amiMitb;  iit-ctornl  Jiii  very  loiiK.  "*  '""B  "»  I'cml.  ( lolor  itUvery.  lower  (ins 
wliitis  a  dintini  t  dark  iilotrli  uri  o]icrclu  ami  a  fuiotfr  onu  un  aiilea  livlow 
■plniius  ilursal.     l!<i<ly  mllii-r  ri'Imet.  panamenkim,  lOW, 

X.  Teetli  in  Imili  jawH  in  vi|]il\]nn  liunttn.  tliciHi*  iu  tlie  oater  BvTitm  in  tli»  npptirJKW 
nioro  or  Ivna  enlar^iMl  -,  prcupvrclu  fibttrply  «eiTntf :  caihlul  Hii  luDato  ur  tran- 
cuti',  lliu  lubes  gliort. 
I'RIHTIPoM A  (npiimif,  naw;  khmo,  npercrilum): 
e.  Dorsal  sptDM  XII:  pri'urltiliil  liroixl. 

if.  lloutb  hane,  uiuxlllary  Tfaobini;  t<>  nuterliir  tliird  <il'  eye,  iibout  2|  to 
ke«<l, 
«.  Scalra  rmtber  small,  8-5(U20.  Rwly  plongBte-flliptd'al,  corapmiianl, 
•ulnewbat  elrVAtol  ill  na|iv:  aut<<rl»r  )iriilllo  straiKli t  Ctijiii  na)i« 
tnciid  uf  SD<iut;  RiiiMit  pruducivl,  Uluut.  roiiniliHl:  duriuil  npiiit'S 
low,  the  liiUK'u't  -1  <■>  l><>(ul:  M-eood  anal  N|iii)u  vory  lone,  H  '■> 
head:  pccUiml  abort,  not  roacbin);  vent.    Columtiun  uiiifonii. 

HAVANla.  17(MI. 

M.  Scales  atlll  smnllrr,  65  in  n  loneitiiilinnl  HPries:  Ixnly  clungatv :  niaxit- 

lary  cxie-iidini:  a  Htlln  lu'viml  inmt  of  eyK;  unal  «iiiue»  atroog, 

the  ■cumil  Hiri'c  loiirtliH  Itindifitli  iif  binij .    Culiir  m-jirly  plain; 

■ilTory  Im'Iiiw.  I'tuibucruii,  17ol. 


1332         BuUeiin  //,  United  States  National  Museum. 

1701.  P0HADA8I8  PRODCCTUS  (Poey). 

Head  4  ia  total  length  with  candal ;  depth  4^ ;  eye  4.  D.  XII,  12 ;  A.  Ill, 
7;  scales  66.  Body  elongate,  maxillary  extending  a  little  beyond  front  of 
eye;  anal  spines  strong,  the  second  \  depth  of  body.  Color  nearly  plain, 
silvery  below.  (Poey.)  Cuba;  not  seen  by  ns;  apparently  closely  allied 
to  V.  hayanut.  From  /'.  ramosu*  it  differs,  if  the  descriptions  can  be  trasted, 
in  having  but  12  dorsal  spines,     (productua,  produced,  from  the  long  snout.) 

Priilipoma  produetum,  Poiv,  Meraorias,  ii,  186,  1860,  Havana. 
FonuuUuit  produetui,  Jordan  &  Fksleb,  {.  c,  4B3. 

170S.  POMADAKIS  MACBAVAXTIIUS  (Gttntlier). 
(Ddbbo.) 

Head2|;  depth  2j;  scales  6  or  7-48-14;  D.  XII,  13;  A.  lU,  7;  eye  41  in 
head;  preorbital  4};  snout  22;  maxillary  3i;  pectoral  31  in  body;  fourth 
dorsal  spine  2  in  head ;  second  anal  spine  2 ;  longest  dorsal  ray  Ij-  in  long- 
est dorsal  spine.  Body  ovate-olongato,  compressed,  considerably  elevated 
at  nape;  anterior  profile  straight  or  slightly  concave  from  nape  to  point  of 
snout;  snout  sharp  and  pointed ;  month  small,  the  maxillary  not  reaching 
to  anterior  edge  of  orbit,  about  3^  in  head;  anterior  nostril  with  a  flap 
which  extends  over  posterior  nostril;  gill  rakers  about  7-|-15;  scales  large; 
preopercle  aud  snprascapula  coarsely  serrate;  dorsal  fin  very  deeply 
notched;  dorsal  spines  long  and  strong,  the  longest  about  2  in  head;  soft 
dorsal  short,  its  base  contained  about  2,'„  times  in  base  of  spinous  portion ; 
second  anal  sx>iue  very  long  and  strong,  about  2  in  head;  soft  dorsal  and 
anal  each  with  a  single  row  of  a  few  scales  behind  each  ray  near  the  base; 
pectoral  long,  reaching  a  little  beyond  the  vent,  about  H  in  body,  1^  in 
head.  Coloration  dusky,  with  a  metallic  lust«r  above,  silvery  below; 
about  4  broad  dusky  transverse  bands  extending  downward  to  level  of 
pectoral.  Length  15  inches.  Pacific  coast  of  tropical  America;  very  com- 
mon; specimens  examined  by  ns  from  Panama,  Mazatlan,  Chiapas,  and 
Punta  Arenas.  It  makes  a  loud  snorelike  noise  when  caught,  very  much 
like  the  noise  of  the  "burro"  or  donkey,     (juawpo;,  long;  rtXrtj'Sar,  spine.) 

FrUtipoina  maeraeanthum,  OCnthrb,  I>toc.  ZooI.  Soc.  Lond.  1864,  140,  Chiapas,  Mexico. 
Poinadatit  inaeraeanthui,  Jordan  &  Fekler,  I.  c,  403;  Jordan,  FIsIieH  of  Sioaloa,  461. 

1708.  P0XADA8IS  ANDBEI  (.Sanvagu). 

Head  3;  depth  3.  I>.  XII,  12;  A.  Ill,  7;  scales  45;  eye  equal  to  8nont,3i 
in  head;  maxillary  reiushing  to  opposite  front  of  eye;  preopercle  with 
obliqne  margin.  Second  anal  spine  strong,  longer  than  fourth  dorsal 
spine,  more  than  \  length  of  head;  caudal  truncate.  Coloration  nni- 
form.  Near  to  /'.  »iaeracan//(U8,  but  diflfering  in  having  the  eye  larg(<r,  the 
snout  shorter,  in  the  length  of  the  maxillary  and  the  second  anal  spine, 
an<l  in  the  absence  of  scales  between  the  rays  of  the  vertical  fins.  (Sau- 
vage.)  Not  seen  by  us;  a  rather  doubtful  species.  Kio  Guayas,  Ecuador, 
near  Guayaquil.     (Namoil  for  its  discoverer,  M.  Andre.) 

Pritlipoma  andrei,  SArvAOK.  Bull.  Sci.  Pltilom.  Paris,  7tli  hit.,  hi,  1879,  204,  Rio  Ouayas, 
Ecuador  (Coll.  AndrC). 


Subgenus  RHENCU3,<Tor<1iin  &  ErcmiAnu, 
tens.  P03UUAMS  PANAXEXKIK-  (Stoiadixbijer). 

Head  Si  to  2};  depth  2J  to  2}.  D.  Xtl,  13.  A.  Ill,  8;  Rcnles  7-48-12; 
pyo  4  in  bead;  preorMtal  <Ii'»')>,  aliniit  n«  broad  iiw  eye;  interorbitol  4J; 
maxillary  3.  Body  nvbust,  Hiiiiu<wli:it  roniproMHi'd,  the  hack  I'levated,  tlie 
anterior  prnfilc  foiivcv  ;  iiioiilh  rjitlier  hirs^o,  oliliqiie..  Tectli  in  upper  jaw 
in  broiul  vilJil'orni  haiidH,  tin-  oiitiT  tt^nth  not  enliirKwl;  lower  jaiv  projeit- 
iiij;;  prei)p«rc:le  very  weakly  serrati' ;  sii|iiaai'apii1u  jx.-arly  eiitiro.  'I'liird 
ilonul  Hpiiiu  struii);,  cousidi'iaUly  priKluced,  iiiiirh  loiii^ir  tiiaii  tlie  foniili. 
and  more  than  twice  len^tli  dT  flitiiiiid,  aliutit  i  length  (if  huad  ;  kcioikI 
anal  spine  souiewbut  RbcM'tcr,  liitt  Mining,  much  larger  and  longer  than 
third,  not  rouching  tips  of  last  ray  when  ilepieHStid;  caiKlnl  Innale.  Gill 
rakers  abort  imd  sieuder,  (i-t>12;  kciiIl-h  nearly  ttiuoutb ;  pectoral  tin  very 
long,  falcate,  iih  lonti  aa  head.  Color  grayish  silvery:  young  with  l>  very 
faiut  rrc)M»  Hhades,  ont>  nftliegu  b<<l(i\v  apinoiiH  dorsal  iippeariuj;  ati  a  round- 
ish dark  spot;  lower  linn  whitr;  a  distinct  tlark  blotch  on  oprrcle  and  a 
fainter  one  on  Hides  IhIuw  !<piuoaH  diir^at.  Lengtli  II  iiiclieii.  Fa^ifii' 
enattt  of  tropical  Atiierii-a ;  a  well-inaiked  .'^pecieti,  coininon  at  both  I'auama 
and  Ma<^atlan.     (Name  from  I'aiiama). 

I'liitifHima itanninf-ntf,  .STBINDAi'itNEK,  [<  lilli.  ru-ltrigi .  ni,  M,  1875,  Panama. 
I'onuutaiiM  )»xinnnrtnii,  JuBDAN  Sl  FkslBII,  i.c,  4M. 

Subgenus  PRtSTIPOMA,  Ciivier. 
i;»0.  POHADiSIM  BAVA.MS,  .(..rdau  .V  Kvennuiiii.  ohw  npeclm. 

UeadSi;  depth  3^;  acalea  8-f>(i-20 ;  I).  XII,  12;  A.  Ill,  7;  cy«5inhead; 
preorbitalftii;  snoot  •)};  iiiuxillury  2j|;  pccturah' in  body ;  ttb  dorsal  spiue 
2];  seeoud  anal  spine  Ij  ;  snl't  diimiil  2i  in  spfiioiiN,  Itndy  elongat«-ellip- 
tital,  eonipre«8i<(l,  Houiewhiit  Ld«vated  at  uapi- ;  uuteriorprolilo  xt  raiKbt  from 
nape  to  end  of  Mnoiit;  Hiiniil  piudiici'd,  blunt,  rounded;  prcorbital  bro:id, 
not  unite  so  wide  ii»  fy>»;  pri-nperr!!'  and  unpiafnajiiila  I'oarHidy  serrated. 
Montb  rather  large,  the  maxillary  jcar.hiiit,'  to  xinterior  third  of  eye;  teetli 
ill  upper  jaw  in  villiform  baiidn,  tbosi;  in  front  uf  iijiper  jaw  nmre  or  less 
enlarged,  aiMite;  ciur.-tal  (in  deeply  notched;  dorxal  spine.s  low,  the  liJtige.<<t 
about  2f  in  head;  xoft  doiKnl  short,  lU  b:iH»  cnntatned  abunt  -{  tiiitex  iu 
bliHe  iif  spinous  portion;  seconil  anal  spine  vrry  long  and  alrnng,  abont  Ij 
ill  h«:ul:  soft  dorsal  and  anal  Hiiglilly  ec;ily  at  bu84^-;  jieetnral  short,  not 
re4iehiug  vent.  Cidoratioii  nniforin  olivucnous  aliove,  silve^ry  below;  tins 
plain,  racitic  4'c>ust  of  Tanama,  proliaMy  always  in  fresh  waters,  the 
known  spei-imeiiM  »ll  tiikeii  from  th«i  I'io  Uayaiio,  near  raiiama,  <Uirtype 
anil  (^otype,  'M)l>r>',  U.  .S.  N.  M.,  two  B|>eeimeiiH  froui  Kio  iluyauo,  collreteil 
by  Captain  ilohn  M.  Dow. 

/'ru/i>piMa  liuiniU.  Knkii  &  MTKIKUAClUllCll,  Sltigbef.  Akad.  WiM.     UQucb.  1803,  TJS. 

Rio  Bayano,  near  Panama :    nnnip  pri'orcnpk'al    liy   Friitliioma  hutnitit,  Bowkicii, 

KiHl r  Mnih'ini.  'i-in.  l^Ti. 

Pomatlntiit  humilit,  iloEOAn  &-  Fl'^sl.Rli,  (.  r,,  492. 


"Thio  nfmr^n  i»  prroaroualv  referred  by  Jordau  &  Fusler  U>  tli«  subereiia  Ptrvdojirit- 
tif  -  I       .i;«'  (Rilll.  S.M-    l^hilnm..  IV,  220,  1880),  of  wbMi  tbi'  Ijpp  ID  l'ri$li),vnta  tru- 

c"  .V    VAJciK'lt'UiiL-M.  Iri>ni  lln'  S«'v<li»»llc«       I'rniilirjiritlipiima  stH-iiiit  l<)  Iw  a 

vii' lOMi'ly  idlii.ll  tn  Au*jii>trfiiitA*.  wiili  Hiticb  it  a^rv«s  in  furui,  but  with  tbe 

tcrlli  iilL  -iiiall  uuil  aleuiler.  lb«  •nilci'  nut  at  all  inilarged. 


1332         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


1701.  i>OHA»ANrN  PKODrCTITS  (PiM-y). 

Hnad4  in  tntal  lotifrtli  with  c:iri1u1:  ile|ith  -li;  (lyo  -1.  D.  XII,  \'2.;  A.  Ill, 
7;  ftcaloa  65.  HotVy  e!<nif;ate,  iiiiixillary  extruding  a  littlo  lieyoud  front  of 
eye;  anal  HpiiiGS  Htroiig,  tb«  MucnTiil  J  (t«ptb  «("  body.  Oolur  nearly  jilain, 
silvery  lifUiw'.  (I'oey.)  Ciiliii;  nol  sei-ti  liy  iis;  tip]>ar»'titly  floKely  .'illiod 
to  /'.  hayiiiiiii.  From  /'.  ramoswjr  it  dlirnift,  il'tlii'.  d<<«cri))ti<m!<c;»ti  bo  (rusted, 
iu  havii);;;  lull  12  dorsal  HpitiuM.     ( prudiicluii,  prodiK'cd,  t'roiii  tlii*  long  Aiioiil. ) 

I'rUitipvma  ftraductum,  INilV,  Mi^moriiui,  II,  ISO,  IHflU,  Havana. 
Pofnadati*  pToductnt,  Jukuan  Jk  FE8LBB,  1.  e.,  *Vi. 

l-iOii.  l>Olliin,lSI.S  NAClUr.ANTHim  {ni'mtlior}. 
(BCBBO.) 

Head  23;  doi>tli  '.'!;  HtiaJes  I!  or  --4K-14;  I).  XII,  13;  A.  Ill,  7;  oyo  4J  in 
Lead;  preorbitul  I};  .stii>nt  23  ;  maxillary  3i;  ppctur.il  'A\  in  Itodyj  foiirth 
•lorBJil  8piue  '1  in  bead ;  aocond  auitl  spiiie  2;  loD;,a'st  dorxal  r:iy  1^  in  lon;;- 
est  dormil  spliti'.  liody  ovato-cloiigiiti-,  lomiirtiSHed.  coiwidiTiildy  idrvated 
atua])e;  anterior  profiln  Htrai;;lit  or  Mliglitly  i-oncavn  from  iiapn  to  point  of 
suuut;  Kituiit  ^illll^]l  iind  puiiitod;  iniinCb  .Hiuiill.  tlie  m;t.\illary  not  ri^ai'liing 
to  ikuterior  edgo  of  orliit,  about  3^^  in  hi-ad;  anterior  nostril  with  n  llap 
whicb  extends  over  posterior  noRtril;  gill  rakers  uboiit.  7  +  15;  scalra  large; 
preopercle  and  siipr,'o<rapnla  coarsidy  scrrato;  dorsal  liu  very  de«>idy 
tiotcbe^I;  dorsal  spines  long  and  strong,  tli<>  loiigeBt  alxnit  2  in  head;  oolt 
dorsal  short,  itabaH(>  contained  idiout  S/,,  times  in  bouo  of  s]iiii<)nN  }iorlion; 
st'coud  ainil  .ipiiiL'  very  long  and  strong,  about  2  iu  buad ;  soft  durnal  and 
iiiial  ea(di  wltli  a  aingli'  row  of  a  fuw  srali's  behind  eaeli  lay  near  the  lia.'us; 
pectoral  loug,  riNicliiii^'  a  little  beyonil  tbe  vent,  about  3jt  in  body,  H  in 
liriu).  Coluratiaii  linsky,  wilb  a  nietallie  lusttT  aiiuvo,  ailvrry  boliiw; 
about  -I  firoad  dusky  traneverso  bauds  extoiidiiig  downward  to  level  of 
IH'ctoral.  Lenglli  ITi  ini-lies.  I'aciTic  coaxt  of  tropical  Anierii-a;  very  r.om- 
uion ;  xperiniens  examined  by  «i»  from  I'anama,  Ma/atlan,  ( 'liiapaa,  and 
I'mita  AreintH.  It  niiiki'n  a  loud  snorelike  noise  when  I'uught.  very  mneb 
like  tbe  iioiue  of  the  ''burro"  or  donkey,     {iianiioi,  long;  rtWctf'Oii,  spine.) 

t'rUtipoiiia  >naeracanthuin,  nONTHGR,  I'rou.  Znol.  Soo.  Lnnil.  1)M4,  US,  Chiapas,  Mexico. 
Pomadiuii  macracatithut,  Johdam  &  Kk«LES,  (.  r.,  409;  Jondan,  FlHboH  i>f  SiniiltMi.  401. 

ITUIt.  POMAUtsrH  AVnttEl  <S<iavagt>). 

Head  3;  depth  :».  P.  XII,  12;  A.  Ill,  7;  scales 45;  eye  equal  to  snont,  3+ 
in  bead;  tnaNJllary  reacliitig  to  opposite  front  of  eye;  preoperclt'  with 
obliilU"  iMiirgin.  fiocoud  anal  spiur  strong,  longer  tlnin  fonrtli  dorsal 
spiue,  iiture  than  i  length  of  bead;  raudal  truncate.  Coloration  uni- 
form. Near  to  /'.  uiatraianHinit,  but  diU'iTing  in  having  the  rye  largiT,  the 
Hiiont  HJiorter,  in  tli<-  IiMigfli  uf  the  mniiillary  and  Llie  seeond  anal  spine, 
and  in  the  abseuee  of  8nnle,s  between  tbe  rays  of  the  vertical  JinH.  (8an- 
vago.)  Not  seen  by  im;  a  rather  doubtful  sjieeies.  Kio  (hiayoa,  Eouudor, 
near  flnayaqiiil.     (Nainc<l  for  itM  diaeoverer,  M.  Andri^.) 

PritHpirimi  andr&i.  SArVA.oi.  Bull.  Soi.  IMiili.in.  Tiiria,  7lh  hit..  Ill,  187n,  204,  Rio  Guayas, 
Ecuador  (Coll.  AodrA). 


^ 


ite 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  Anttrka.     1333 


Snbecniu  RHONCISCUS,  Jordui  &  Brcnnaiin. 
I7(M.  POXAOASIS  (KO(BO  (Curk-r  &  Valmcioiuiea). 

HeAd  3;  d«pth  2}  to  3^ ;  eye  3|  to  5  in  b«M].  D.  XIU,  11  or  12;  A.  Ill,  6 
or  7;  scale*  6-64-16;  preorbitnl  4  to  8;  unont  2\  to  3}:  maxillary  3  to  4; 
pectoral  1^  to  1|;  fourth  dorsal  spiui-  1(  to  2\;  seroud  aual  spine  li  to  2; 
sort  dorsal  3  in  spinous.  Body  uloD(;ato,  cuiupresscd,  the  back  elevated, 
UirIi  at  the  nape,  the  anterior  proHle  rstther  irregular,  varying  with  age; 
a  more  or  Irss  distinct  I'rontnl  di-jirpsHion  above  eye  in  old  specimens; 
month  small,  the  niaxillury  l>:irely  extending  to  tb4<  uiitorior  edge  of  orbit; 
lower  jaw  ini'luded;  preuperclo  ooiirs«ly  serrnte,  the  t«vth  wide  apart; 
teeth  small,  the  nnter  scarcely  enlarged;  scales  rather  liirge,  those  above 
tlie  lateral  linx  in  parallel  series;  dorsal  ilu  moderately  notched;  second 
anal  spine  very  strong  and  lung,  reaching  past  tips  of  all  the  rays;  peeto- 
ral  short,  caudal  slightly  lunate.  Color  rather  plain,  olivaceuiiN,  silvery 
below,  about  3  or  4  ill-detined  longitudinal  dark  strijies  along  sideK,  one 
from  point  of  snout  to  middle  of  baste  of  i-audal.  West  IndicH,  Cuba  to 
Bra/.il;  generally  common  on  sandy  coastx.  The  8|>e('iuLen8  examined  by 
US  are  from  Cuba  (type  of  JYixliiioiHa  ciiltri/rrttm  I'oey,  in  the  iiiutieum  at 
Cambridge),  and  from  Sao  Matheos,  Itabapuana,  and  Citiinariveras,  in 
Hrazil.     {crocro,  the  vernacular  name  ut  Martiui(|ue. ) 

I'rutipoma  ervcro,  (.'utikk  li:  V ALENi lEjnncs,  nisi.  Nat.  I'oiH8.,  v,  264,  1830,  Martinique. 
I'TUtijioma  mUriJrrvm,  I'OEV,  UetnoriM,  II.  186,  18f><),  Havana.     (Tjih"  in  M.  C.  Z.) 
Poinadatyt  approzitmin:  Dean  k  DnssKl.,    Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mas.  18S4,  180,  Jamaica. 

(T)  |io,  No.  3(iaC2.    Cull.  Public  Muh.  lost.  Jamaica.) 
t'vmadatit  cnero,  Jordan  ic  Fcouui,  (.  o..  4BS. 


170*.  P0NiD4.SIM  HRAMCKI  (Steindaohuer). 

(Bl-KBIKI.) 

Head  3;  depth  3.  1>.  XIII  or  XIV,  12;  A.  Ill,  7;  scabs  7-4!^-12;  eye  3j, 
in  head;  jireorbitai  .')^ ;  snout  3;  maxillary  I^J  ;  pei'tor.-il  U;  fourth  dnrHiil 
spine  1  j  ;  second  anul  spine  I- ;  soft  dorsal  2J  in  spinous.  Itody  clongnte- 
ovate,  coraproHSCil,  the  back  elevated ;  pectoral!*  r:itb(.>r  long,  li  in  bead; 
anterior  prolile  steep  and  convex  over  suuiit,  dopresHed  iibovo  eyt>,  bocoiu 
ing  slightly  convex  ,it  najte;  snoitt  lung,  iiioileratel.v  paintL^<l;  d^p  of  lieail 
wii.h  a  slight  depresHion ;  uioutli  ^^lnaU,  the  iuu\ill;try  barely  rtnichiug  lo 
the  anterior  edge  of  eye;  preiirbit:il  very  niirrow  ;  tcctb  arr.inged  in  nar- 
niw,  thickly  si>t  bands,  those  in  front  a  little  broader;  pi'uu]iurclu  and 
scapula  strongly  serrati',  the  some  widi'  itpitrt  at  angle;  gill  TiikerM  shcirt 
and  siendiT,  about  B-f  11;  eoft  dorsal  iind  anal  slightly  miily  at  bune;  dor- 
sal fin  only  moderately  notched,  the  soft  piirt  much  shorter  and  lower 
than  the  spinous  portion  ;  dorsal  spinea  vory  high  and  Htuul;,  the  la^tspiuo 
I  lunger  than  the  next  to  the  la.Ht;  second  anal  spine  very  long  and  strong, 
nacblng  post  the  longest  rays,  i,  lunger  than  third  spine;  pector.il  lung, 
not  reaching  past  vcntralH;  ctudiil  Hligbtly  lunate,  t'ulor  uuiforndy  sil- 
ver-gray, the  ba«e  of  each  scale  slightly  darker.  Length  7  inchr«.  I'licific 
coast  of  tro]deal  America,  Ma/atlan  to  IVni;  genersilly  common  on  the 
■andy  coasts  of  tropical  America  on  the  Pacilic  side;  specimens  seen  by 


J 


1332         BulUHtt  47,  Untied  States  National  Museum. 


1701.  POSjiaASIN  PR«DtrTCfi(Pm>.T). 

Hcad4  in  total  leTigtli  with  caudal;  rteiith  \\\  vye  i.  D.  XII,  12;  A.  Ill, 
7;  Bcalefi  65.  Hody  elongate,  maxillary  exteutling  a  little  ))ey(>u(l  front  of 
eye;  nnal  w|iine»  Htroiig,  the  Henoiiil  }  ilcptli  of  liody.  Oolnr  ii<<arly  plain, 
silvery  lielow.  (I'oey.)  C'libJi;  not  flei'u  liy  iis;  tn»i>aretitl}'  i-losely  iilliud 
to  /'.  lia;/niiitt.  Kroiii  /'.  ramoituiiitdillerB,  ilthti  d<'Hcripli<iiiMi;;ni  In-  IruHtod, 
in  havlDK  but  IIJ  dorsal  Kitiuew.     (pntdiicli'i.  jirodmi'd,  Irom  th»  long  euoiil. ) 

J^ristipotna  yntfiuctuin^  I'oKr,  Mfiiiinrian,  II,  18<),  18'U),  Havana. 
Pumadaiu  fTuduclv;  .IuIKiAN  &  Femlkb,  I.  c.  im. 

i;u3.  I'UMAntSIN  MACiUCAXTirUS  fUiiutber). 
(Bpbbii.) 

Hp»d  2?;  deiith  -Jl;  scales  fi  or  7-4»*-H ;  D.  XII,  13;  A.  Ill,  7;  pye  4i  in 
head;  preorliital  13;  snmit  I'J ;  maxilhiry  34 ;  pectontl  ;^Ji  in  body;  fourth 
dnrBiil  Hpin»  2  in  hoiid;  soiroiid  auiil  Hpino  2;  l(iD|j;eHt  dursal  niy  1|  in  long- 
eat  dntHiil  Mjiiiii'.  Itody  ovatt^-t'lungittc,  comprcssud.  conMidcrnldy  clmated 
at  iiajie;  anU<riiir  profUi-  «traigbt  or  aliglitly  coni-avv  I'roin  iiiipii  tii  point  uf 
snout;  Hnoiit  nliarp  iiud  ]wli)ted  ;  tnotith  hidiiM,  the  miixillary  nut  reaching 
to  iiDtorior  i'dg«j  iif  urbit.  about  '.i>t  in  ln-iui;  iint(<rior  nostril  with  u  Itap 
which  ext-i'uds  over  posterior  nortt.ril ;  gill  riikers  iilioiit  T+IS;  Hfab-slargn; 
preopercle  and  .iiipr.iMuitpiita  coiirsely  serrato;  domal  liu  very  dei«ply 
notched;  dorsal  apim-n  long  and  atruiig,  the  louguBt  abnnt  2  in  head;  milt 
duraiil  short.  itsbu.-K'  cnntaiued  about  2|'„  times  in  baao  of  spinous  portion; 
m'uoud  auiil  spiuit  wry  long  auil  strong,  abont  2  in  hofid;  soft  dorsal  and 
analeai'li  with  u  »iiigb>  row  of  a  ft'W  Nc.ab'«  bidiiiid  wm-di  ray  lu'ar  the  biuMj; 
[>fetoral  long,  rnafhing  a  little  Iteyinid  the  vent,  about  Si  in  body,  \\  in 
hi'iid.  Coloration  dimky,  with  a  uietallir  ln!it«<r  above,  silvery  bolow; 
about  -t  broad  diiaky  transverse  bands  e\toiiding  downward  to  level  of 
pi-ctorul.  Length  ITi  inches.  I'aeilic  coast  »f  tropical  Aiiiorica;  very  com- 
mon ;  HpeciiiienH  euiniined  by  us  froiii  I'anama^  Mav^atlun,  Chiaptts,  und 
Piinta  Arenas.  It  iiiakcN  a  loud  suorelik*^  noiat^  wbeii  caught,  vr^ry  much 
like  the  noise  of  tho  "burro"  or  donkey,     (^iiwfjuc,  long;  ctvit^'Oa,  spine.) 

I'rUiipoma  maeraeaiithum.  (idirrilKR,  I^m:.  /ool.  Soc.  Lunil.  ]8(M,  140,  Chiapaa,  Mexico. 
PoinadaMu  mafmcantliMi,  Johiian  Si  Femleb,  I.  c,  403:  Johdan,  KUheH  nf  Sinalua,  401. 

i;0».   roHADANIs  AM>KEI  (Kauvago). 

Heml  3;  depth  '.i.  I».  .XII,  12;  A.  111,7;  RralnB45;  fye  (iqnal  to  snout, 3i 
in  head;  tiiaxillary  reaching  to  oppo8it<^  front  of  eye;  preopercle  with 
nblii|i]t>  margin.  Socoiid  anal  spine  stroDg.  longer  than  fonrth  dorsal 
Hpluc.  more  than  i  length  of  head;  eaiidal  triincat'e.  Coloration  uni- 
form. Near  to  /*.  mn'rafaHfhim,  but  diflering  in  having  the  eyo  larger,  the 
8noiit  sLorter,  in  the  length  of  the  uiaxillary  and  the  sc<-ODd  anal  spine, 
»ntl  iu  the  iilisencu  of  scales  between  the  rays  of  the  vertical  (ins.  (Sun- 
vage.)  Not  aeon  by  us;  a  rather  doubtful  species.  Uio  Huayaa,  Ecuador, 
uoar  Onaya<inil.    (Xanieil  for  its  dia<'overer,  M.  Andrr'.V 

Prittipoma  niiilrri,  Sacvaok,  Bull.  Sei.  riilliitn.  raris,  7th  m<r..  Ml,  lSTf»,  2U4,  Rio  Guayaa, 
Ecuador  (Cull.  Audrii). 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1333 


Subgeoui  RHONCISCUS,  Jnnljin  &  Es'tnniuin. 
ITUI.  rUflAIUSIK  (KOC'tttt  (Ctivior  &^  Valcncionncs). 

Re»<13;  depth  2}  to3^;ey«34  to  5  in  head.  D.  XIII,  II  or  12;  A.  III,«i 
or  7;  scales  6-&4-1G ;  preorliital  4  to  8;  sooat  2;!  to  33;  iiiaxilliiry  ii  to  4; 
pectoral  1,',  to  li ;  fourth  dor.tal  hjvjdu  1^  to  2J  ;  secouil  uiial  Hpiiie  I^  to  2; 
BoCt  <)ors»l  ■-'  in  spiiitiiiK,  llfxlj:  ploni^at**.  c'<>iii|iro8B(<tl,  tlit*  back  cl<?vat«d, 
hi(jli  i\V  tbn  nape,  the  iiuteTinr  jiruKlu  nitber  irregular,  vuryin^j  with  ago; 
a  mure  or  h^SH  distinct  I'roiitiit  di'iirPBHioii  aliuvu  eye  in  did  s[iecin)eii8; 
iiiotitli  Miiiull,  tho  luaxilliiry  l>iir<tly  extending  to  the  anteritir  vA^v  of  orbit; 
lower  JBW  iii('ludt.'d ;  prenpi-rcle  coiirsely  serrute,  tlitj  teeth  wide  iipitrt; 
teeth  small,  the  outpr  Bearcely  (mlarp-d;  scales  rnthpr  lflr>;o,  thooe  iib«v« 
the  lateral  lino  in  paraUel  series;  dorsal  liu  mti'doratoly  iintc.bvd;  t^euoiid 
anal  spine  very  stroii;,'  and  luu^i  roachiuK  piist  tips  of  nil  the  rays;  pecto- 
r:il  short,  I'ttudal  alit;litly  lunate.  Color  rather  plain,  olivai-eoiiH,  silvery 
below,  aliout  3  or  1  ill-dctjnvd  louKitiidiaal  dark  Htri[x>ti  along  sideH,  one 
from  point  of  snout  to  middle  of  bune  of  raudul.  \V<'»t  Iiidit-n,  t'tiba  to 
Hril7.il;  generally  eomnioii  on  naudy  coust^.  The  6]i«L-iTueii8  examined  by 
us  are  from  C'nba  (typo  of  I'riiilii>oma  cultri/erum  I'liey,  in  th<-  iniiiwiiini  at 
Cambridge),  :iud  fruni  Sao  Matheos,  Itabapuana,  and  CuuuarivenM,  in 
llrazil.     {'TotTo,  tlio  vernacular  nunie  at  Martiniqno.) 

T'rittiiioma  erotro,  CCVIKB  \  A'ai.bni  iRHNBi*.  ni«l.  Kat.  I'oiiut..  v,  284,  1830.  Martinique. 
Vrittii-oma  ruUriJ-rum,  I'iiet,  UcmoriM,  ii.  IW,  1860,  Havana.    (Type  in  11.  C.  Z.) 
/'oinailaiy*  approiiinans,  Hkan  Sl  Dnksbi.,    Proe.  U.  8.  Nat.  Mna.  18M,  UO,  Jamaica, 

(Tj|K-,  No.  30062.    Cull.  Publir  Miia.  Inot.  Janiai<3a.| 
PatHOdtuiM  trecTo,  Joruan  &  Kksleu,  t.  r..  4li3. 

1*0&.  rOXiUAKIS  BKAMI'KI  (Strlni)achner). 
(lll.'8niTu.| 

Head  3;  depth  3.  D.  XIII  or  XIV,  12;  A.  III.  7;  scales  7-49-12;  eye  3i 
in  bead;  proorbital  .'li;  Hnoiit  3;  maxillary  3};  ])ectom]  U;  fourth  dorsal 
spine  H  ;  second  anal  spine  1- ;  suit  dorsal  2]  in  spinous,  liody  olun^ate- 
ovat<v  I'oniprctiaed,  tlm  back  elevated;  pe<'lorals  r.'ither  ]i>ti(f,  U  in  bead; 
anterior  proliUi  Kt«'<fp  and  convex  over  «nont,  depro-iNWcl  nbcive  eye,  bocotu 
ing  sli^rhtly  convex  at  nape;  snout  loii);.  niuderately  pointed;  t<ip  of  he.'td 
with  a  slight  deprussiou ;  uiiuitli  NinatI,  ttio  uiaxilliiry  barely  reaching  to 
the  anterior  edge  of  eye;  preorbitul  very  narrow;  teeth  arranged  in  uiir- 
row,  thickly  set  bandn,  those  in  front  a  little  broader;  preopercle  and 
Hcapnla  stront^ly  serrate,  the  seme  widii  apart  at  an(;le:  gill  rakers  short 
and  slender,  about  (3-1-11 ;  soft  dorsal  and  ainil  sli|r|itly  xculy  at  biiMe;  dor- 
sal Mu  only  moderately  nuti'bed,  the  soft  part  much  shorter  and  loner 
than  the  spinous  portion  ;  dorsal  Sfiine.i  very  lii^h  and  stout,  the  last  spine 
1  lontjer  than  the  next  to  the  la-st;  second  aiinl  Hpiiie  very  lung  and  atrnnjj, 
reaching  piist  the  longest  rays,  i  longer  than  third  spine;  pectoral  long. 
not  reaching  past  ven train;  caudal  slightly  lunate.  Color  uiiilbriiily  sil- 
ver-gray, the  ba.so  of  each  scale  slightly  darker.  Lcngtit  T  inches.  I'acific 
coa.st  of  tropical  Anierica,  .Ma/.atlan  to  Teru;  ^encrnlly  common  on  the 
Mudy  oOJMta  of  tropical  America  on  tbu  Pacilic  side;  sjieeiniens  aeen  by 


1336  Bulletin  ^7,  United  Stales  National  Museum. 


BTAPBiana  (<v,  w<yll:  a,  vrltliutlt.  ■p<rr>x,  asw) : 

(M,  Soft  doraal  and  anul  witl>  u  ruw  oT  Hmall  ftculeH  on  tbo  uiombraiie  betiinil  e«ch  ray. 

Preoperclo  pntiiT;  iironrbitul  broad,  4J  iu  huml;  luoiith  nillinr  liirgo. 

ij.  Body  ratlier  elungotv,  in  lurni  Inli'miedintti  betwopn  frrrrijjitmi*  and  rhaUfiU: 

back   rlcraltxl   uud  t'oniprLMUidil,    vapcvially   autt-riurly;    ]irofilH   ri^gnUrly 

rounded;  ninxillary  not  ronchiog   to   u|i|H»<ito   front   ul'   eyo;  ({1)1   ruk<>rB 

lUlHl(^raU!,  r+li;   snout    loo^,   mod«ratoly  nliarp:  Jaws  iiabuqtml;  aralc-s 

larKe;  aomeaeriOR  ol  tii-aleB  un  aDftdursiil  and  anal,  a  ruw  close  bi'biiid  each 

ray.     Doraal  fin   riitbvr  d«<c|ily    uniebod:  npinp*  low  and  ilendiT:    aual 

HplitOd  graduated;  iHMtonit   falcate,   ratber  long;    oaudai  deeply  forked 

I'niordnrk  gmy,  not  allvory;  irntor  of  each  aoiiledark,  IbMC  apoU  form- 

inu  cuutiuiiiMii  alnMikN  ;i]oDi:  tlio  rowii  iif  s>-ales;  tbotie  Mow  the  lalnnil 

lino  rathrr  leaa  diatinct;  tins   rather  dark)  opercular  mouibmoe  and  axil 

dunky.  M(TU0rUt8na,  1713. 

SubgenuB  ORTHOPRISTIS.  nimrd. 
17W;,  OltTHOPKlSTIK    FOKBKSl,  .lunlaji  \  SUrka. 

IIcwl  '.ik;  <loptli  a.  D.  XII  or  XIII,  la;  A. Ill,  11;  ncalrs  M-«0  to  S,V20; 
miiiiit  -iJ ;  miixtllary  H^;  orbit  H;  lon^i-.tl.  dtirMit]  i^jiinu  2^;  Kcronil  unul 
apine  3^ ;  pci'torjil  1^-;  vi-iilr.t?!*  1*;  ujipi't  t-uiuhil  lnlie  1^.  Hcxlj  olilmig, 
c«mipre88«d,  the  prolile  jjfiitly  curvtd  to  llo^^al.  He:i'!  uioilerate,  tlie  j;iw8 
F»nlir[|iiul ;  toetli  rnnall,  tliu  oiitjT  a  littlu  L>iilnr;i;pcl;  uiaxillary  eitoiKiing  t<> 
tUfi  vertical  from  in*Kt*>rior  uostril;  rliiii  with  inediiiu  pit;  iut(5rur1)ital 
convex,  its  vvidtli  about  wimil  toorhit;  VPttical  liiiil>  uf  preu]ierc]o»li)Thtly 
convex,  lliioly  aerrated;  (jill  ral;cj»  short,  about  >*+14  — 22;  prmirbitnl 
uioilL>rnt«,  :i|  ill  he:)<),  3  iu  itti  ImiHt  widtb.  Snout,  imiKillary,  And  Inwer 
jaw  linked;  scalee-  un  bead  Htuiill  uiul  crowded.  Dornal  Imv,  tlio  1riiig««Ht 
my  about  1|  in  the  lunnost  spine;  seiund  umvl  spino  uot  Iohj^im- than  tbird, 
but  slightly  stouter,  abintt  half  as  luDg  as  kiugost  rny;  pt'ct'OralH  luodor- 
ttte,  reaoliiiiy  past  tipH  of  v«'iitraiB.  but  not  to  venl ;  upptr  lobo  of  i-andal 
the  longer;  Bcioiid  aii.i)  s]>iue  inodi^riito,  about  ns  long  as  third.  Color  in 
spirits,  dark  biuvvn  nbove  with  bluiKli  retlucti^uiH;  all  iit)8  diiKky  except 
pectorals;  oauiliil  ud^eil  with  light;  lueiubruun  of  o]>eri'U<  dark;  preoper- 
cle  with  (*oine  dark  ftpiitw.  Describod  from  two  specimeiin,  t-aeh  about  a 
foot  luiitt,  from  Albeniarlo  Islniid,  one  of  thii  linbipagos.  (X;inied  for  Dr. 
•St<>phoi)i  Alfred  Forhcn,  of  the  University  of  lllinoia,  in  rvcognitiou  of  bis 
work  oil  the  ferddtf.} 

Ortfioi'lulU/orbtMi.  .TciRIiA!*  &  STABRit,  in<ilLnxitT,  Proo.  r.  S.  Xat.  Miia.  tSWI  (IWT),  443. 
Albemarle    Island,    Calapaeos   Archipelago.      (Typo,   No.  47574,  IT.  S.  S.  M.     Coll. 

Sliiatnii.) 

1708.  OUTHOPKIHTIK  UdlDlMil,  Jonluit  \  Itidianlwia. 

Ht^ad  ^, ;  dopth  ^.    D.  XII,  15;  A.  Ill,  10;  scales  »-52-15, 53  pores.     Eye 

li  ill  lifa'd;  maxillary  3i  ;  pivorbital  i^  io  snout;  ]»t'i-toral  Ij"  in  head; 
lousiest  tiorstjil  npiiio  2J ;  lou^twit  soft  ray  3? ;  sci'imd  auaJ  x]tiiie  4} ;  ven- 
tral IJ;  u]i]>or  I'audnl  iulie  U;  bane  of  soft  dorsal  in  Hpiuuus  If.  Hmly 
oliloiig,  the  back  not  iiiui'h  eleviitmt;  the  autoriur  prolile  Ktraightish, 
Hligbtiy  duprosucd  above  tlio  Byo;  nioutU  siiiall,  low,  tho  inaxilliiry  reach- 
ing to  oppo.Hiti<  thu  iioslril;  ti'^itth  xubuijital,  in  broad  band.s;  lower  Jaw 
inoliidMl;  nostrils  both  obhup.;,  t]>«  anterior  the  larger;  eye  rather  large. 


Joydan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  Nortli  America.     1337 

about  as  wide  as  the  brotvtl  prcorbital;  preopercle  very  finely  serrated  on 
its  po8t<?rior  margin  imly,  tlie  uorrationB  very  weak;  pill  rakers  short  and 
Ninall,  about  IL';  8C;ile«  uioder.-itc,  iht?  rows  ;il>ov«  lateral  lino  very  oblique, 
those  below  nearly  horizontal,  the  series  from  tlio  scapular  scale  rciiching 
middle  of  spinous  dorsal.  S[iluoiiii  dornal  moderate,  not  deeply  notcUeil, 
the  median  spines  injured  in  youth  in  tlie  type  spfctitien;  soft  ilorsiil  low, 
free  from  scales;  aual  spines  Inw,  tlio  second  a  little  louder  than  third; 
soft  rays  sculeless;  C4itidal  lunate,  tlio  lobea  unvqaal,  the  upper  longer 
than  lower,  which  is  more  obtuse;  vcntruls  rather  lon^;,  inserted  just 
behind  axil  of  pectoral;  pectoral  rather  slinrt,  not  (]Utto  reaching  tips  of 
Teutralfl.  Color  pparly  (?ray,  darker  above:  each  scale  of  back  jin<l  sides 
with  a  bright  brou7.o  spot  behind  its  renter,  these  formiii).'  nearly  cootiu- 
noua  streaks  along  the  rows  of  scales,  running  upward  and  backward 
anteriorly  and  nearly  horizcmtally  on  sides,  where  thi'y  are  more  or  less 
iaterrnpted  or  transposed;  head  plain  gray;  ilorsal  with  Konie  slreaksand 
clouds:  outer  tins  plain;  ventrals  somewhat  dusky.  Gulf  uf  Califurnia; 
one  specimen  8J  inches  long  from  T>a  Paz.  This  species  is  very  closely 
allied  to  the  Itrazili.in  species,  ()rtliojtri*ti»  nibFr  (CuvierA  Valenciennes), 
but  has  the  body  a  little  more  slender  and  the  bead  larger.  (Named  in 
honor  of  Hon.  Ueujamin  U.  Kedding,  lirst  Itsli  c-omuiissioDer  of  t':ilrfornia, 
n  man  deeply  interested  in  scientific  research,  to  wboui  Mr.  Eicbardsou 
has  been  indebted  for  many  faviirs  in  liia  former  Capacity  of  saperin- 
tendent  of  the  California  Fish  Hatching  Station  at  Sisson. ) 

fMAopritHM  rrddingi,  JoBliAN  A:  KirUAnosoN  hi  .)0R»AN,  Flnbi'it  »f  Slnslos,  in  rruo. 
<*«!.  Ar  .S«|.  I8»},  901),  pi.  41,  L^  Pai,  C&lifornia.  |Ty|ie,  Nu.S^iie,  Iv,  3.  Jr.  Unlv, Mtii, 
Cull.  Uupliili*  expeditiou  U>  Haiatlsji.) 

KOO.  OBTIItiritlSTIN  I'HALi'KUS  (GQiitbnr). 


Head  3};  depth  •>l.  D.  XII  or  XIII,  15  or  If.;  A.  HE,  10  or  11;  scales 
9^>H-18;  maxillary  3^:  eye  1}  id  bead;  preorbital -IJ ;  peetoral  li;  snout  2}; 
spinous  dorsal  2^ :  second  anal  spine  I ;  longest  anal  ray  'ijj ;  base  soft  dorsal 
ill  spinous  U.  Hody  oblong,  ooui]>ressed,  the  profile  steep  aiitl  straight,  con- 
vex at  nape.  .Iaws8ube<|ual;  teeth  small,  theoiiter  above  a  little  eiilargetl; 
prisipKrele  linely  anil  sharply  serrate;  gill  rakers  very  short  and  sin.-ill, 
T-|-I2;  pectoral  falcate,  shorter  thau  head;  maxillary  scarcely  reaching  to 
eye.  Outline  of  dorsal  straight,  no  noteh;  spines  low  and  slender;  soft 
dorsal  low  and  equal;  aual  rather  higher  and  shorter,  thi'  spines  gradu- 
ated, edge  of  fin  convex;  caudal  moderately  forked,  the  upper  lobe 
longer.  (!olor  paler  ihau  in  relateil  spi'cies;  pale  rlialky  bluish  streaks 
along  the  edges  of  the  rows  of  scales;  ii  pule  slreiik  liolow  base  of  dorsal; 
fins  rather  )>ale,  the  soft  dorsal  mottled  with  darker;  young  specimens 
with  the  litxly  crossed  by  lirouil  diliiisu  dusky  cross  bands.  Length  18 
inches.  I'acilic  coast  of  trupicul  America,  iiol  iiat-ninmoii,  from  Ci<](o  .San 
Lao»«  to  the  (Mlnpagos;  spoi-iuieiis  examined  by  us  from  Ma/.atlau,  Pan- 
ama, tbetiiilf  of  (.'alifornia,  aud  Chatham,  Charles,  and  Albermarle  islands, 
in  the  lialapagos.  (ckMUim»,  brassy.) 
Mm 7 


1338         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 

PrisHpoma  ekaieeum,  Gf  trrnEK,  Proo.  Zool.  Soe.  Land.  ISM,  IM,  Panama. 
PrisUpotna  Imerl,  Stkindachnkb,  Ichth.  NotiEen,  viii,  3,  1868,  Maxatlan. 
OrthoprittU  ehalenu,  EVBBXANN  Sc.  Jbhkins,  Proc.  XT.  8.  Nat.  Mus.  1891,  UB;  JoBDAM  tc 
Fbslbb,  i.  e.,  499 ;  Jordan,  Fiabes  of  Slnaloa,  463,  isas. 

1710.  0BTH0PBISTI8  CHRTSOPTRBDS  (Linnwoa). 

(Piorisu;  Sailor's  Choicb;  Hoopish.) 

HeadSi;  depth  2}.  D.  XII  or  XIII,  16;  A.III,13orl3;  scales  10-60-19; 
maxillary  3i;  eye 5 in  head;  preorbital  3i ;  pectoral li;  snout  2 jj;  highest 
dorsal  spine  2J ;  second  anal  spino  5|;  longest  anal  ray  3;  base  soft  dorsal 
in  spinous  1^.  Body  ovate-elliptical,  somewhat  elevated  at  shoulders,  con- 
siderably compressed.  Snout  long  and  sharp,  jaws  equal,  each  with  a 
narrow  band  of  slender  teoth,  the  outer  above  a  little  larger;  maxillary 
not  reaching  to  eye;  preoperole  very  slightly  serrate  above,  the  sem» 
blunt,  obsolete  below ;  gill  rakers  short  and  slender,  7  + 12.  The  crown, 
cheeks,  and  pieces  of  the  gill  rover  covered  with  small  scales;  snont  in 
advance  of  the  nostrils,  suborbitals,  and  lower  jaw  naked;  dorsal  and 
anal  spines  inclosed  in  a  deep  scaly  sheath,  the  soft  rays  naked.  Outline 
of  dorsal  very  slightly  notched ;  anal  rather  high,  second  anal  spine 
shorter  than  third;  pectoral  shortish,  reaching  past  tips  of  ventrals; 
caudal  well  forked,  the  upper  lobe  the  longer.  Pyloric  cujca  6.  Color  in 
life,  light  bine  above,  shading  gradually  into  silvery  below;  preorbital 
and  snont  of  a  clear  sky-blue;  a  dash  of  blue  on  each  side  of  upper  lip; 
each  scale  on  body  with  a  blue  crnter,  the  edge  with  a  bronze  spot,  these 
forming  on  back  and  sides  very  distinct  orange-brown  stripes  niong  the 
rows  of  scales,  those  above  the  lateral  line  extending  obliquely  upward 
and  backward,  those  below  being  nearly  horizontal;  snont  with  bronxe 
spots;  1  or  2  cross  lines  connecting  front  of  orbits;  2  or  3  oblique  lines  on 
preorbital,  besides  numerous  bronze  spots  larger  than  those  on  the  body ; 
preorbital  also  with  dusky  shades,  one  of  which  extends  on  upper  lip; 
cheeks  and  o])ercle8  with  distinct  bronze  spots,  larger  than  those  on 
body;  inside  of  mouth  pale;  inside  of  gill  cavity  tinged  with  golden; 
dorsal  trauslueent,  with  about  3  bronze  longitudinal  shades,  composed  of 
spots,  those  of  soft  dorsal  most  distinctly  spot-like;  edge  of  fin  dusky; 
caudal  plain,  yellowish  at  base,  dnsky  toward  the  tip ;  anal  whitish,  its 
edge  dusky,  its  base  shaded  with  bronze;  pectorals  and  ventrals  yellow- 
ihIi,  ttie  latter  darker  at  tip.  Fresh  specimens  show  no  trace  of  vertical 
bands.  In  examples  preserved  in  alcohol  the  yellowish  and  blue  mark- 
ings gr.'idually  disappear  and  dark  cross  shades  become  apparent,  A 
specimen  .5  years  in  alcohol  shows  the  following  coloration:  Silver-gray, 
with  faint  streaks  along  the  rows  of  scales;  a  distinct  narrow  dnsky  band 
from  front  of  spinous  dorsal  through  base  of  pectorals;  behind  this  7  or  8 
clondy,  obscure  bands,  alternately  broad  and  narrow;  a  horizontal  dusky 
shade  behind  eye;  spinous  dorsal  with  a  faint  medium  pale  shade;  soft 
dorsal  with  3  rows  of  faint  spots ;  other  fins  nearly  plain.  Length  12  to  15 
inches.  South  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts  of  the  United  States;  a  common 
and  valued  food-fish,  abundant  along  the  sandy  shores  of  the  eastern 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America,    1339 


United  States  from  ttong  Island  to  tbe  moath  of  the  Rio  Grande.    (xpviSof, 
Rold;  nrepor,  (in.) 

I'tTcachryti'ptfia.  LlNNJil'S.  Sj-st.  Not.,  Ed.  xir.  <85,  nfifl,  Charleaton. 

Latrtu  ftilromacittatm.  MITCMIU,  Triiiia.  Lit.  uiiil  I'lill.  S<>c.  X.  Y.  I8U.  406.  New  York. 

fritlipKima  fatdatnm,  CVTWR  tt  VAUUtciwntBe,  Hist.  Not  Polls.,  v,  285,  1830,  New 

York;  young. 
OrlkojiristU  duplex.  GIRAUU,  TT.  S.  Mex.  Iloand.  Surroy,  Zool.,  Fishci),  15.  jil.  9,  Br*.  1  to  4. 

18^,  IndianolB  and  Brajtoa  Santiaso,  Texas.     (Cull.  Clurk  and  ^V'unl(<luJluu.) 
PritUpama  fulvotnae-ulntu in ,  OI'tmiKII,  Cat.,  I,  AUl. 
OrtluipTUtii  ehryoyitfriUfiutLVKS  6i  Kehijek,  I.  c.  400. 

i;il.  on-rnorRlSTIS  POEVI,  Scudder. 

Head  3h  depth  2.\.  K.  .Ml,  15;  .A.  Ill,  12;  sc:il..s  8-6<V-ir,;  maxillary 
3)  iuheiid;  ojro.'j;  jiroorbital  3J ;  pectoral  U;  siioiitL'i;  a|iiri(iUH  dorsal  3; 
Booond  itual  spine  hi;  kni^est  auiil  ray  \\\  base  soft  iloraul  in  spinutm  1.'. 
liody  eKingate-t'lliptk'Ml,  slightly  oleviitcd  at  shoulders,  rathor  more 
slender  thtui  in  l>,  chrifsoplerui;  scalcx  conipariitivcly  large.  Color  nietallic- 
l(rnyish  blue  above,  yellowish  below;  faint  lighti'r  streaks  following  tlio 
rows  of  scales;  lihitcheH  on  fm  niombraiies.  Wo«t  Indies;  not  rnrti  til 
Havana;  ntit  seen  elKewherc,  The  sfiocies  is  vpry  clti«f  to  OrthoprisliK 
vhry»npleruii,  but  the  body  is  more  Hleinler  ;ind  Hie  spalcs  are  ratlier  larger. 
(Named  for  Professor  Felipe  Pney,  for  many  years  the  naturalist  of  the 
University  of  Havana.) 

OrOutprutii  pocyi  (Sl'LlXiEK  M>S.)  TitKY,  S^yiiupsis,  312,  IWB,  Hsvaos. 
OrtkopriiH*  poej/i,  JoSCAM  &  FlrtLEU,  t.  r.,  500. 


1718.  ORTHOI'BIKTIS  <A>TH,VKIM  S  (.J,.nyiui). 

HeadSi;  depth  2|.  D.  XII  or  XIII,  I5orI«;  A.  Ill,  12;  Hcoles 9-fiO-18 ; 
maxillary  4  in  hcdd;  oyo  IJ;  ]ireor)>itii1  4:  peitoral  1;  hnout  L'.!;  spiuons 
dorsal  L'i :  second  un.-il  sjiini'  4;  long<-et  iimil  ray  LM ;  base  soft  dorKtil  in 
spinous  Ij.  Body  ob)i»ng.  tbe  b.irk  elevuted,  k-ss  ho  than  iu  (1.  chain  im, 
the  profile  convex  at  tbe  unpi>,  dL-pieMsoil  above  eyi-,  thence  jierlrctly 
straight  to  tip  of  snout,  .laws  I'lpial,  each  with  a  narrow  band  of  sleniler 
teeth,  the  outer  above  slightly  enlargtMl ;  Nuout  rather  short,  sharp;  eye 
small;  preorbital  bronil;  maxillary  niit  ruiii'Uiug  to  eye;  |>ri'opt>rclu  very 
slightly  serratti  iiliove,  the  8err:i>  blunt,  obftoltite  below;  gill  rakiTs  short 
and  slender,  J" -f- 1^-  •ScaleH  suimU;  the  iruwn,  cbeokH,  and  pii-cPH  of  thi< 
gill  cover  Covered  with  small  «c!ilcs;  Kiioiit  in  lulvatice  of  thu  nostrils; 
suborbitals  and  lower  juw  n:tlvinl;  dorHiit  and  anal  spinc'K  inclosed  in  a 
doi'p  scaly  sheath.  Outline  of  d<>r«al  uligblly  uotclied;  atml  ratlici  high; 
pectoral  shortish;  ctiiulal  well  fork<>d:  Kcioud  aiiiil  Hjiiiic  about  ns  long  as 
third.  Color  lirownisli-gruyJHh  aliovc,  soiled  silvery  Itolow  ;  ujnicr  \n\Ttn 
with  eight  diffuse  cro«sbandt«,  as  wide  us  the  intiT  spaccH,  Gxtendini;  to 
bolow  niiibllo  of  sides;  nicrubraiiu  of  ojicrcle  d:irk,  hoiiih  dark  Mtrcnk»  fol- 
lowing rows  of  scales;  dorsal  with  homic  didl  orange  and  some  pale  round 
spots,  aa  iu  Urtliopri$tii  vhii/.toplerui'.  Length,  a  for)t.  GalapagoK  IslandK. 
Tbe  above  description  from  two  examples,  each  about  a  foot  long  {4(!I8, 
U.  C.  Z.  ),  from  the  Galapagos  Isl:iniL<.     The  scanty  descrijrtiou  of  Ua-mulon 


1340         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


modettum,  said  to  be  rare  on  the  whole  coast  of  Pern,  seems  to  belong  to 
this  species.  (From  Cantharm  {=■  Spondylitotna),  a  genus  of  sparoid  fishes, 
which  this  species  remotely  resembles.) 

PritHpama  canOtarinum,  Jbntns,  Voyage  Beagle,  Fishes,  4S,  1842,  Oalapagos  IsUnds. 
(Coll.  Charles  Darwio.) 

*Uctmulan  modettum,  Tsthcdi,  Fauna  I'eruana,  11,  1844,  Peru. 
OrthoprittUeantharintu,  Joboan  &■  Feslbb,  I.  e.,  SOO. 

Subgenus  EVAPRISTIS,  Jordan  &  Evemiann. 

1718.  OBTHOPBIKTIK  LETH0PBI8TI8,  Jordan  Sc  Fesler. 

Head  3i ;  depth  3.  D.  XII,  14 ;  A.  Ill,  11 ;  scales  8-65-15 ;  maxillary  3  in 
head;  eye  4};  preorbital  3f ;  pectoral  l^^,; ;  snout  2^;  spinous  dorsal  2it ; 
second  anal  spine  6i ;  longest  anal  ray  3^ ;  base  soft  dorsal  in  spinous  1-1. 
Body  rather  elongate,  in  form  intermediate  between  Iiaciella  brevipitinU 
and  O.  ehalceui;  back  elevated  and  compressed,  especially  anteriorly, 
proAle  regularly  rounded;  mouth  larger  than  in  any  other  species  of 
Ortkopristin;  maxillary  shorter  than  snout;  jaws  subequal;  teeth  small, 
the  oiiter  above  longer,  slender  and  close  set;  maxillary  not  reaching  to 
opposite  front  of  eye;  gill  rakers  of  moderate  length,  a  little  shorter  than 
pupil,  X+14;  snout  long,  moderately  sharp;  eye  moderate;  preorbital 
broad ;  preopercle  strictly  entire ;  series  of  scales  on  soft  dorsal  and  anal, 
a  row  close  behind  each  ray,  as  iu  Iiaciella;  scales  of  body  without  acces- 
sory scales.  Dorsal  fin  rather  deeply  notched,  spines  low  and  slender; 
soft  dorsal  low,  highest  toward  the  front;  anal  long  and  rather  low,  with 
straight  free  border;  anal  spines  graduated,  the  third  scarcely  half  height 
of  first  ray ;  pectoral  falcate,  rather  long ;  caudal  deeply  forked.  Color 
dark  gray,  not  silvery;  center  of  each  scale  dark,  these  spots  forming  con- 
tinuous streaks  along  the  rows  of  scales,  those  below  the  lateral  line  rather 
less  distinct;  fins  rather  dark ;  opercnlarmembrane  and  axil  dusky.  Gala- 
pagos Archipelago;  known  only  from  the  original  type  (26947,  M. C.  Z.), 
15  inches  long,  from  the  Galapagos  Islands.  (A^oyuar,  to  forget;  icptdrti, 
used  for  xpidrtfi,  a  saw;  in  reference  to  the  entire  preopercle.) 

OrlhoprittU  IrthopritlU,  JORDAN  li  FRSt.ER,  rroc.  Ac.  Nat.  Soi.  I'hila.  1889,  30,  Galapagos 
Islands;  Jobdan  &.  Fk81.bb,  i. c,  500. 

547.  ISACIELLA,  .Jordan  &  Fesler. 

tiacieUa,  Jobdan  &  Fbslbb,  Review  of  the  Sparoid  Fishes  of  America  and  Europe,  497, 
1893  ibrerifnnnit). 

This  genus  is  close  to  OrthoprUtiB,  from  which  it  differs  chiefly  in  the 
presence  of  small  accessory  scales  at  tlio  base  of  the  scales  of  the  body. 
The  form  is  somewhat  peculiar,  ap])roaching  that  of  Microlepidotus ;  the 
fins  are  very  low  and  the  soft  dorsal  and  anal  are  scaly.  One  species 
known.  (Diminutive  of  Itacia,  a  related  genus  which  has  no  groove  at 
the  chin;  laacia  is  from  the  Japanese  name  Isaki.) 


*  Head  3)  iu  total:  drpth  4.  I>.  XIII,  16;  A.  Ill,  13:  maxillary  not  quite  reaching  eye: 
second  aniil  spino  longer  and  thicker  than  thinl.  Klackish  gray,  paler  below.  Entire 
coast  ol  Peru,    ik'arci;.    Length  11  inches.    [Tiehudi.) 


Jordan  and  Evertnann, — Fishes  of  North  Amtrica.     1341 


1714.  IKAOIELLA  BRETIPIKXIS  (St«lndacliii«r). 

H«Hi»a:iJ;  depths.  n.Xin,lfi;  A.  Ill,  ]3or  13;  8(alosl0-(io-20;  maxillary 
31  in  liond;  eye  4i;  proorbitiil  H} ;  pei-triral  1;  anontS^;  spinoiii  ilorrtal 
2j ;  HeroiiJ  atuil  spine  a\  ;  liniKrHt.  iinal  ray  SJ  ;  liam-  of  Noft  tlorsal  in  Im8«  of 
apinoiis  itiiTHiil  l^.  J'Tenpert'Ii'  weakly  Horriitc;  |irenrbitii]  very  iiurrnw,  fij 
in  he!i<t ;  inoiitb  sniuil,  iiDivillnry  l(>iij;er  tliaii  Muntit.  Hoily  rattier  fimiforui, 
Komewhat  coiiiiprcHHCil,  tlic  back  islovatwl,  juitLTior  prolile  Htoe]),  ruuvex; 
luouth  with  narrow  lianilH  of  liriiDli-Jiki-  t«L-th,  the  outer  ubove  slendet 
cloBO  Bet  aud  a  little  eulurgod;  uiaxtlUry  rtiacbing  tu  anterior  mlgo  (ifeyo; 
gill  rakers  short  and  slender,  j-  + IH;  snaut  short,  blunt;  eye  large;  lower 
jaw  incladud.  .Sculos  Hruall,  I'xtondirjg  from  preorbital  t(i  furk  of  caudal, 
covering  babes  of  pectaruls,  vimtnik,  soft  ilurHitl,  and  aual ;  base  t.-f  each 
Boaln  at  base  of  trunk  and  iiuglerior  jiurt  of  bead  covi-red  with  minute 
accesaory^  scales;  a  aeries  of  Hiniill  Hralcn  on  the  nienibntni^  bobiiid  cucb 
ray;  dorsal  and  anal  tins  iu  n  low  scaly  «heatb;  dorsal  fin  sli^^litly 
notched,  last  8i>iiie  \\  iu  lirst,  soft  ray;  Hpiuous  dorsal  low,  spines  slender; 
soft  ilorsul  and  aiiitl  very  low,  third  jiual  8|>in<i  longest;  pi'ctoral  sharp, 
falcate,  as  long  aa  head;  caudal  long,  ilerply  forked.  Color  light  hhii^h- 
gray,  with  brownish-gray  stripes  following  the  rows  of  scalus.  Pacitic 
coaat  of  Mexico ;  rather  rare.  This  upccies  and  the  procediag  form  a  trauei- 
tion  from  ilicrolepiiluiits  to  typical  Orlhopriitit.  {bi-erit,  short;  ^inrici,  tin, 
from  the  low  dorsal  ami  uual.) 

Friitiiioma  bmipinnt,  SrEllfDAClumm,  leblh.  KoU»«n,  viii,  10,  IBSO.Maiatlao. 
OrUwpr\tti$  brtvitnnni;  Jokdah  U  Fksucr,  (.  e.,  500;  Jubuan,  Kiiitiea  of  Slualuit,  4113, 1885, 


548.  MICROLEPIDOTUS,  fitU. 
UienUfndutui,  liILL,  I'roc.  A.<^.  Nat.  Stl.  riiilii.  \»<iX  '2&fi  |i»oniafii«). 

Thia  genus  ia  near  thrthoptigtit,  ditVeriug  chictly  iu  the  elongntcv  form, 
very  Rmall  scales,  increased  niimbtr  (U)  of  dorsal  spines,  uud  deeply 
notched  tins,  the  dorsal  aud  aual  being  scalelesa.  The  skull  in  vory  brund 
and  rounded,  the  interorliital  width  f^rejiter  thiiu  length  of  snout;  the 
temporal  crest  ri.ies  above  tho  pu|ul  and  is  h\y,h,  more  than  half  tbu 
height  of  the  H\ipnioccipital  crest,  which  rt-iea  above  front  of  pnpil.  One 
species  known.     (///«pu;,  small;  Afff/i5«r()s:,  scaled). 

17t&.  XieUOI.EI'inUTIJS  IM(>H!(.iTt'K,  I'.iU. 
(JOPATOIC.) 

Head3i;  depth  3i.  D.  XIV,  l.".;  A.  Ill,  It!;  wales  ;»-HO-?(l;  mniillarySi 
in  head;  oye4J;  preorbital  7* ;  pectoral  !,',.;  snout  3*;  spiiums  dorsal  24 ; 
second  anal  .tpiue  i>;  longest  anal  ray  3};  base  soft  dorsn!  in  spinous  IJ. 
Bodyelliptical  elongate,  slightly  cumpreswcd,  the  back  moderately  idevat«d, 
jirotilo  convex  from  nape  to  snout;  mouth  large,  with  numerous  bristly 
teeth,  rnrved  inward,  larger  iu  frout;  maxillary  reaching  to  anterior  edge 
of  eye;  iiiterorbital  space  very  broa<l;  preorbital  vi-ry  tiarrow;  jawa  subo- 
(|ual ;  preoiM-rulc sharply  serrate;  gill  rakers  short,  «  +  17;  snout  bluutiah, 
equal  to  maxillary;  eye  very  large.     Scales  very  small,  extending  from 


1342         Bulletin  4.J,  United  States  National  Museum. 


uoatril  to  fork  of  caudal,  covering  base  of  pectoral  and  ventrals ;  dorsal 
and  anal  fins  iuclnded  in  a  deep,  scaly  sheath  which  runs  out  to  the  tips 
of  last  rays;  scales  on  dorsal  and  anal  rays  only  visible  by  the  aid  of  a 
lens;  scales  of  body  without  accessory  scales.  Dorsal  tin  deeply  notched, 
last  spine  \\  iu  iirst  ray;  spinous  dorsal  high,  spines  slender;  soft  dorsal 
very  low  and  loug;  anal  slightly  higher  than  soft  dorsal,  second  spine 
longest;  pectoral  sharp,  falcate;  caudal  sharp.  Color  blaish-gray,  with 
lighter  longitudinal  streaks  of  bright  bronze;  npper  fins  with  golden; 
caudal  partly  dn-sky ;  preorbital  with  vertically  oblong  spots.  Length  18 
inches.  Gnlf  of  California,  rather  rare,  about  rocky  islands;  specimens 
examined  by  us  from  ('ape  Han  Lucas,  (juaymas,  La  Paz,  and  Mazatlan. 
{inomatu;  not  adorned.) 

Mierolepidotut  inornattu,  Glix,  I*roc.  Ac.  Nat.  Soi.  PliiU.  1862,  256,  Cape  San  Lucas 

(Coll.  XantiiH) ;  JuBOAN,  Fishes  of  Sisaloa,  463, 1805. 
OrthopHilU  inomalvt,  Evkbm Aim  &.  Jkhkihs,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mas.  1891,  M8:  JORDAH  &. 

FasLBB,  i.  r.,  501. 

549.  GENYATREMUS,  Gill. 

aenyeUremm,  GiLL,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Pbila.  1862,  256  (eavifiroTU). 

This  genus  resembles  Aniiotremus  iu  most  external  respects,  but  there  is 
no  central  pore  or  groove  at  the  chin.  In  this  respect  it  agrees  with 
Plectorhynckus,  Paraprittipoma,  and  Uaxsia,  groups  not  represented  within 
our  limits;  the  species  without  this  groove  belonging  chiefly  to  the  Old 
World.  One  species  known,  a  robust  fish  with  strong  spines  and  a  convex 
profile ;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  scaleless.  (yew;,  chin ;  a,  privative ;  rptfua, 
aperture.) 

1716.  GENYATBEHU8  LDTECM  (Blocb). 

Head  3t ;  depth  2J.  D.  XIII,  12 ;  A.  Ill,  11 ;  scales  11-52-19.  Body  ovat«, 
compressed,  tlie  back  much  elevated,  the  depth  a  little  less  thau  half  body ; 
anterior  profile  evenly  convex  at  nape,  gradually  becoming  concave  to 
front  of  eye,  where  it  rapidly  descends  straightish  to  point  of  snout; 
iuterorbital  area  flat,  about  eciual  to  eye;  occipital  crest  arising  opposite 
middle  of  pupil,  its  ba:^  rising  on  the  highly  arched  frontals  considerably 
above  top  of  the  low  temporal  crest.  Head  small ;  snout  bluut  and  short; 
month  moderate,  the  maxillary  reaching  past  anterior  edge  of  orbit;  ante- 
rior nostril  oblong,  much  larger  than  posterior;  preorbital  very  narrow, 
about  i  as  wide  as  eye;  eye  large,  3  in  head;  proopercle  strongly  serrate 
on  angle,  the  serriB  gradually  becoming  weaker  on  both  limbs ;  gill  rakers 
weak,  about  7  below  angle,  besides  rudiments.  Dorsal  fln  high,  the  fifth 
spine  longest,  the  hiHt  spine  slightly  longer  than  the  preceding  one  and 
about  }  as  long  as  the  first  ray ;  anal  fin  lower  than  soft  dorsitl,  the  second 
spine  longer  and  stronger  than  third;  pectorals  short;  caudal  subtruncatt*. 
Scales  small,  not  parallol  with  lateral  line,  arranged  obliquely  above  and 
horizontally  below,  largest  below  the  lateral  line;  vertical  finsscateloss; 
scapular  scale  very  evident,  about  three  times  as  long  as  broad;  lateral 
line  not  following  outline  of  back,  wavy  below  the  soft  dorsal.  Color  in 
spirits  uniform  golden,  with  numerous  longitudinal  stripes  of  a  brighter 


Jordan  and  Evemiann.—  Fishes  of  North  America.     1343 


color  following  Lbe  rows  of  Hcales  liolow  tlic  lator.il  lin(>.  LcttHor  Aiitilica 
to  lirazil;  uot  rare  on  ntiucly  cuiiflto.  It  liu»  not  been  fiiuml  in  Cnba. 
<(n(«ii«,  yellow.) 

J^ulianiit  htleui,    llLOCU,    ItlitliyulujiriH,    |il.  247,    ITKI,    Martinique;     tiu    a  drawing   by 

I'Ll'MIKlt. 
Urammiilfi  hfiiiilut,  Uiocu  \.  ScuWEUiEii,  Syol.  Ichtti.,  187,  1801;  afler  Iti/X'u. 
Iii*ijramm»  catifrotu,  CtrviSB  &.  TALBNClSMItRe,  Hiat.  Nat.  I'oUs.,  V,  3D0,  pi.  ISI,  I834I, 

Rio  Janeiro. 
t  Prittipnma  irmild^  (.'rviEU  &  VAI.KNCIKifNVx,  FIlHt.  Nnl.  I'aiBi,,  r,  372,  Martinique, 
t  I'Tulifioma  auratum,  Cl  VIEIi  &  ValimcICHMiis,  Hint.  Nat.  Puiaa.,  V,  'iVl,  Martinique.' 
(/«nya(remuir<u(<tM,  JokliAir  it  Feslcb,  I.e..  S04. 

Family  CLl.    SPABID.*. 

(TlIK   POXUIKS.) 

Body  oblong,  or  tnori'  or  le-ss  elevated,  covorod  witb  rntlier  liiriju,  adher- 
ent acules,  vrliicli  iiru  never  truly  ctenoid.  Latunil  linu  w«IJ  dtnvloped, 
concurrent  with  the  back,  nctt  exteudiuj^  on  cniidal  I'm.  Hi'iid  Ijirj^e,  the 
oreBts  on  the  ukuU  usu»l1i>'  birj^ely  developed.  NosiiborUital  slay.  Mouth 
■mall,  terminal,  low,  and  lioi'i/:uut:iI.  PriM(i:»\illarioH  little  piutraitilt.'; 
niasillury  short,  peculisir  iu  form  uiid  iu  articulation,  tvitiioitt  supgile- 
nientiil  bono,  for  most  of  its  leiigth  slipping  iiudi*r  the  ed^<i  of  the  pr«or- 
bitiil,  which  forms  iv  more  or  li^tut  distinct  Hheutli ;  iireorlntsil  usually  broad; 
tveth  Mtroug,  those,  in  front  of  jawa  cuiiical,  iiit^iiilor-likoor  molar;  latiiral 
trctbof  jaws  always  blunt  And  niolar;  no  te(*tki  on  vomer  iir  palatinca; 
postorior  nostril  largi>Mt,  usnally  njorc  or  Ipkb  \i\thnni  ox  Hlit-iikt-v;  lower 
pliaryngenis  separate;  k'H"  •*.  »  birge  slit  behind  the  fourth;  jmcudo- 
brancbiu)  large;  jjill  rakers  moderate;  gill  nit'iubrani^s  Bopiirattv  free  from 
tb«  iathuiua;  preoperelu  entire  or  ttvrrulate:  it)>LTi'ki  without  a<i]iineA;  Hides 
of  head  nHuuliy  scaly;  dorsal  liu  single,  contitmoiiH,  or  det^ply  notched, 
the  spines  usuall}'  strong,  doprositible  in  a  groove;  spiniB  Iit'teracunthnns, 
that  is,  alternating,  the  one  slrongiT  ou  the  ri^ht  nide,  tlii>  (»(h(!r  on  tbo 
left,  the  apinrs  10  to  13  in  number;  anal  &\\  ratlier  nhort.  similar  to  the 
■oft  dorsal,  and  with  3  spines;  ventral  tins  thoracic,  the  rays  I,  5,  with  a 
more  or  less  diatinct  Hcalo-liki>  appendage  at  base ;  caudal  tin  UHuully  nioro 
or  lees  concaye  behind;  air  bladder  present,  tisiially  aiinplo;  pyloric  cir<ca 
few;  vertebr:e  usually  10 4-14  =  24 ;  iutt-Htinal  canal  short.  Carnivoroua 
shore  lisheii  of  the  tro]>ioal  setia,  oBpccially  abundant  in  the  Mediterranean, 
Red  Sea,  and  Went  Indies.  Uenera  about  12,  S])e<ucs  about  !iO,  most  of 
them  mach  valued  0.1  food.  {Siiarida,  Sanjina,  and  J'lujrinn,  tiiinther, 
Cat.  Fishes,  1,  iSl-lH^.) 


Xnetli  iu  boat  of  Jaws  conical  or  inclaiorliko,  uot  molar:  doreal  Hit  •-oiitiiiuciiis:  po»- 

tcridr  DOHtril  ohlaii(:  proopcrvli:'  CDtiro. 

h.  Hea'uuil  iDU^rhii^nial  boiit^  enliir^i*<l,  lLt>llowMl  oisteriorly,  or  pcn^ahapect,  rtw«lvini; 

tbu  piiHterior  end  of  the  air  biwldcr  in  ita  anterior  grnove :  iioateriur  uiwtril 

olil-liko:  clieelcs  »<-aly. 

e.  Front  tcwtli  nnrrow,  I'cinipn'MHeii,  rormiug  l^ticf-olnte  in('iA»rn;  the  Iirt4l  Hptue 

bearing  intArnvDral  witli  an  anlrano  «iiiu«;    tuujpural  croHt  atutulotv; 


1344         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


lateral  creat  nowhere  coalescing  with  the  snpraocolpital  creat;  inter- 
orbital  area  flattlab,  with  two  low  ridfjea;  a  small  foramen  in  each  of 
these  above  front  of  pupil;  interorbitAl  area  much  contracted  anteri- 
orly: a  strongly  projecting  prefrontal  process,  which  makes  an  acute 
angle  with  the  supraorbital, 
d.  Frontal  bouos  jiartly  porous  and  gibbous;  antrorse  dorsal  spine  at- 
tached directly  to  the  intenieural;  (third  dorsal  spine  very  lung, 
longi-r  than  hea<l).  Otrtntrr,  550. 

dd.  Frontal  bones  not  gibbous  nor  porous ;  antrorse  dorsal  spine  attached 
to  the  interneural  by  a  long  process  or  vpur;  (third  dorsal  spine 
about  half  head).  Stknotoucs,  551. 

ee.  Front  teeth  conical  or  canine-Uke ;  first  spine-bearing  intemenral  without 
antrorse  spine;  temiioral  crest  very  thin  and  high,  joining  the  lateral 
crest  which  forms  part  of  the  margin  of  orbit  above  middle  of  eye, 
both  crests  coalescing  with  the  supraoccipital  in  the  cavernous  anterior 
part  of  tho  intcrorbltal  area;  interorbilal  area  somewhat  coDtracte<l 
anteriorly;  prefrontal  process  very  strong,  making  an  obtuse  angle 
with  the  supraorbital,  this  process  forming  a  conspicuous  knob  above 
the  long  ]>osteTior  nostril.  Calamus,  553. 

66.  Second  intcrhiemal  spine  normal,  not  "pen-shaped;"  cheeks  scaly. 

e.  Front  teeth  conic,  not  compressed;  no  incisors;  occipital  crest  coalesoent 

with  the  tem|>oral  cresta ;  no  antrorse  spine  on  first  intemeural ;  dorsal 

spines  usually  11  to  13. 

/.  Anterior  teeth  in  both  Jaws  strong,  decidedly  oanine-Iike;  body  more 

or  lens  deep  and  cempressed.  Spabds,  553. 

ee.  Front  teotb  incisor-like ;  no  canines. 

g.  Incisors  broad ;  molars  in  2  to  4  series  in  each  jaw. 

A.  First  spine-bearing  intemeural  with  an  antrorse  spine  in  front, 
t.  Supraoccipital  and  temporal  crests  nowhere  coalescent,  tho 
interorbital  area  not  swollen ;  frontal  bone  in  the  inter- 
orbital  area  thin,  concave  in  transverse  section ;  tem- 
poral crest  low,  separateil  from  snpraoocipital  crest  by 
a  flattish  area  which  extends  forward  on  each  side  of 
supraoccipital  crest  and  to  groove  of  premaxillary 
spines.    (Incisors  conspicuously  notched.) 

Laoodox,  554. 

tt.  Supraoccipital  and  temporal  crests  coalescent  anteriorly, 

both  disappearing   iu   the  gibbous  interorbital  area; 

frontal  bone  between  eyes  transversely  convex  and 

more  or  less  honeycombed;  temporal  crest  separated 

from  occipital  crest  by  an  excavated   area  bounded 

anteriorly  by  the  lateral  crest,  which  merges  into  tho 

supraoccipital  above  the  eye.    (Incisors  entire  or  with 

a  shallow  notch.)  Archobabous,  555. 

hh.  li^rst  spiuo-beuring  intemeural  without  antrorse  spine  above ; 

skull  essentially  as  in  Arehotargtit,  the  frontal  bone  more 

cavernous.  Diplodcb,  556. 

550.  OTRYNTER,  Jonlau  &  Kvormann. 

(DkKP-WaTEII  PORGIK.S.) 

Otrynter.JomiAS  &.  Kvkhmann,  Check-List,  3(W,  1396  {eaprinti»). 

TLi8  genus  is  ullied  to  Calamut  and  SlenotomtiD,  difieriiig  from  the  former 
in  its  iiirisor-like  i'rout  toeth,  and  from  the  latter  iu  the  structnro  of  the 
Bknll.    Temporal  crust  rudimentary,  liersistiug  iu  a  swelling  of  the  busal 


|iortioii  of  the  siniraoccipital.  Siijirnocripital  frost  niakiu)r  a  sharp  angle 
over  thu  «ye,  with  ti  poruun,  {;ibbiiiis  pi)rtiou  of  th<!  Irontal  lioiica.  luter- 
hicmal  spine  having  the  poniliiir  striictiirt<  suen  in  t'aUimuii.  AutrorHa 
spine  buforc  dorsal  tittnuhed  iliructly  to  the  fourth  iiifceninnral,  no  down- 
ward prooefw  being  i^vident.  One  npeoies,  funutl  iu  rather  lU-op  wat^r. 
(i)r/jf»T»//j,oue  who  stirs  up  or  whips,  from  tir/oiVoj,  toatir;  from  the  long 
Mjitno.) 

i;n.  ilTUVSTKB  (ArKISl'S  (Bean). 

Ileiida/;;  (leiith2.  D.  XII,  12;  A.  Ill,  12;  sfiiles 5-50-15.  Body  subomte, 
the  back  anteriorly  much  rlovateil.  tho  <k<)ith  about  hulf  thi>  length  to  bime 
of  caudal ;  anterior  prolilc  stot-p  luul  Ktruightiah,  cotivi'x  on  iiupe  tiud  above 
eye;  temporal  cre^t  rntliiiientary,  perflintiug  in  a  HwoUiug  on  thu  biisal  por- 
tion of  the  snpraocripltal  Uimc ;  Rupraocclpital  ureat  making  u.  eljarp  angle 
over  eye  with  a  porous.  jjibHouH  porltou  of  tlui  frontal  bones;  snout  short, 
abont2  in  head;  rye  largi.',  a  littlr  less  lliau  width  of  ])ri'orbitijl,  about  3< 
in  head  ;  anterior  ti'oth  "f  jaws  small,  iu  cUiHe-Bit  bum],  tho  outer  series  a 
little  enlarged,  eouipresMed.  and  liiuci.'olnto,  much  as  iu  Stciiotomun  chrysopt; 
molars  in  two  ruwn;  doraul  Hpitiett  very  broad  and  Hat;  scales  on  the  ante- 
rior part  of  body  much  enlarged ;  anterior  row  of  Hcali'^  on  cheek  much 
enlarged,  extending  to  level  of  pupil,  about  12  scales  in  thu  tirst  series; 
scaly  Bheath  at  base  of  soft  dorsal  nud  anal  very  eo»8)iicuous;  pectoral  a 
littio  loirger  than  head,  '2^  iu  body;  cainlal  Itu  little  forked,  thu  middle  ray 
about  li  in  louge«t  ray.  First  and  second  dorsal  xpiues  very  short,  their 
length  about  3  iiv  eye;  third,  loiirth,  nud  lifth  more  or  less  Klamentous,  the 
third  longer  than  head.  Frontal  boues  gibbous  and  ]iorous;  autrorsivspine 
attached  directly  to  the  iuternouraJ,  uo  downward  projecting  part  evident. 
Color  light  olive ;  silvery  below ;  the  young  with  faint,  very  narrow  darker 
bars.  Deep  waters  off  the  west  coast  oi  Florida;  as  yet  known  only  from 
unmerouH  exinoples  taken  from  the  r^toniuchs  of  suappers  {Ntomanit)  ixwl 
grouitcrs  { Kpinephelun)  an  the  Florida  Bunpiier  banks,  {vapriniiii,  like  a 
goat,  tho  species  having  been  scut  in  umler  tho  u:une  "goat-head  porgy," 
which  was  a  misuuderstaudiug  of  the  name  "jolt-head  jiorgy,"  which  is 
Calamtu  bajotiado.) 

SUutitmnui  (lajiniiu*,  BkaN,  I'roi^  l'.  S.  Nat.  Mua.  1882,  fX.  Snipper  Bmnka  off  Peniacola 

(Type,  No.  30TD5.    Coll.  Silas  SIcaniH) ;  Johuas  At  Feslso,  1. «.,  507. 
Arffyropi  taprinul,  JoBSAN  ^  0u4iEKT,  Syooiiela,  UStt- 

551.  STENOTOMUS,  Om. 

Wrnofumnj,  Otix, Camulian  KatiiraltBt,  Au^uitt,  18IS5  largi/npti. 

This  genua  is  close  to  Calamiit,  having  the  same  ({uill-like  inierliirimal 
boues,  the  llattenod  incisors  nud  aiitrorse  dorsal  spine  mainly  dt-stiiiguish- 
ing  it;  temporal  crest  «lisok>te;  frontal  bones  not  gibbous  nor  porous; 
autrorse  spine  attached  to  the  fourth  interueural  by  a  downward-project- 
ing spine  about  thrice  as  long  as  the  spine;  lateral  crest  nowhere  coalescing 
with  the  supraoccipital  crest;  iuterorbital  area  tlattish,  with  two  low 
ridges,  n  small  foramen  in  each  ofthe.se  above  front  of  jvupil;  iuterorbital 
area  much  coutracted  autoriorly ;  a  strongly  projecting  piefroutul  process, 


1346  Bulletin  4y,  Untied  Slates  National  Museum. 

which  makes  an  acute  angle  with  the  supraorbital.    American  shore  fishes, 
(tfrevos,  narrow;  roftoi,  cutting;  from  the  narrow  incisors.) 

a.  Body  ovate,  elUptical,  the  depth  about  the  Bame  {rom  the  first  donukl  apine  to  the 

eleventh;  anterior  profile  steep;  pectoral  shorter  than  head,  3|  in  body;  anout 

short,  2|  in  head.  OBRTSOPS,  1718. 

aa.  Body  elongate,  ovate,  the  depth  decreasini;  backward  from  the  first  dorsal  spine; 

anterior  protlle  not  steep ;  pectoral  about  as  long  as  head,  3}  in  body ;  snuut 

long,  half  head.  ACCLBATOS,  1710. 

1718.  STKPiOTOXUN  CHBTSOPN  (Linnsus). 

(Common  Soup  ;  Poboy;  Sodppaco.) 

HeadSi;  depth  2 Ai.  D.XII,  12;  A.  Ill,  11;  scales 8-50-16 ;  snontshort, 
24  in  head;  eye  small,  narrower  than  the  preorhitai,  4  to 4^  in  head;  fourth 
dorsal  spine  2,  third  anal  spine  the  longest,  3.  Body  ovate-elliptical,  the 
depth  about  the  same  from  the  first  dorsal  spine  to  the  eleventh ;  anterior 
profile  steep,  niipe  convex,  a  strong  depression  above  and  in  front  of  eye, 
straightish  over  snout;  pectoral  less  than  head,  about  3^  in  body,  extend- 
ing to  first  auul  spine;  a  scaly  sheath  very  conspionons  at  base  of  soft 
dorsal  and  anal  tins;  temporal  crest  obsolete;  snpraoocipital  crest  con- 
tinuous with  the  frontal  bones;  incisor  teeth  very  narrow,  almost  conical 
in  appearance;  molars  in  2  rows  above;  gill  rakers  small,  about  6-f-lO; 
top  of  head,  snout,  orbitiils,  and  chin  naked ;  scales  on  cheek  extending 
from  upper  margin  of  eye,  the  anterior  row  composed  of  from  15  to  20 
scales;  caudal  fin  forked,  the  middle  ray  about  2^  in  longest  ray.  Color 
brownish,  somewhat  silvery  below,  everywhere  with  bright  reflections,  but 
without  distinct  markings  in  the  adult;  soft  parts  of  vertical  fins  mottled 
with  dark  in  adult;  young  faintly  barred ;  axil  dnsky.  Length  about  a 
foot.  Atlantic  coast  of  the  United  States  from  Cape  Cod  to  South  Caro- 
lina; one  of  the  commoueHt  food-fishes  of  our  Atlantic  coast,  especially 
abundant  northward,    (xpvdoi,  gold;  oT^,  eye.) 

SpaTU4  chrytopii,  LiNN/KUR,  Syat.  Kat.,  Ed.  xil,171, 1766,  Charleaton. 

Spanu  argyropt,  LmN/KU8,  Syst.  Nat.,  Kd.  Xll,  471 ,  1766,  Charleaton;  young. 

Hpanu  xanthurui,  LAoep^DB,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  IV,  120,  1803,  Charleston ;  after  argyropt^ 

LabruM  vertieolor,  Mit(^hill,  Trans.  Lit.  &  Phil.  Soc,  1, 1815, 464,  New  York. 

Sargut  ambtutit,  Gd.NTllEB,  Cat.,  1,  440, 1850,  New  York. 

Stenotomtii  ehrytopt,  .loBDAN  &  GU.UBBT,  Synopsis,  556;  Jordan  &  Feslxb,  (.  c,  507. 

1719.  8TEN0T01fU8  ACULEATVS  (Cuvier  &.  Valenciennes). 
(South EB.V  Poboy.) 

Head  3 ;  depth  2is.  I).  XII,  12 ;  A.  Ill,  11 ;  scales  8-54-15.  Body  elongate- 
ovate,  the  depth  gradually  decreasing  from  first  dorsal  spine  to  caudal 
peduncle;  anterior  profile  not  steep,  nape  slightly  convex,  a  slight 
depression  above  and  behind  eye,  convex  over  snout;  pectoral  about  as 
long  as  head,  3.(  in  body;  scaly  sheath  at  base  of  soft  dorsal  and  anal 
inconspicuous;  snout  long  and  pointed,  2  in  head;  eye  large,  less  than 
width  of  preorbital,  about  3}  in  head;  interorbital  area  very  convex;  6 
strong  conical  teeth  in  front  of  upper  jaw  and  8  in  lower;  molar  teeth 
coarser  aud  larger  than  in  6'.  chriftopt;  scales  on  cheek  reaching  to  top  of 


and  Evertnann. — Fishes  of  Nori^imenea.     1347 


rye,  the  upivcr  rows  leaa  diatinrt  than  the  lower,  the  uut«rior  row  of  about 
20  scales ;  camlal  liii  muderal4?l}'  forked,  the  Diiddl).<  riij  nboiit  2f  in  loii{;o8t 
r»y.  Kir«t  dorA.nl  nidni)  aa  lonj;  ns  eye,  the  socond  about  us  long  a«  third, 
whioh  in  ttlM>nt  2  hi  houd;  tviiiporul  crest  ulMolete;  frontal  bon^M  not 
icibbout)  or  ]»oron»;  anlmrse  spin*"  attu<'he<l  to  tho  fourth  iutcrinMiral  by  a 
downward  projri-tini;  spuraboiit  twiio  jut  loinr  iis  tlm  apine.  Color  nearly 
pUin  dull  silvery,  with  jjolden  tonppitudinnl  streaks,  following  the  rows  of 
»calr«;  n\il  dntiky;  voiitrulM  ditrk.  S4iiith  Atlantic  anil  (.iiilf  eoiiHtM  ol'lhv 
lTnlt«d  r!tiiti.-H,  froui  <'ape  llattcru.i  toTeva^,  oonitnon.  It  climely  reMeinMes 
th«  northiirn  M'n\\,  which  it  more  or  lefM  rrplaaeH  Houthward.  The  tpeci- 
iiwiiN  here  describeil  from  CharleHton.     [arulcalun,  itpiuod.) 

Ckr^topjiry*  vnUmtuA,  «;i'vicu  i  VAi.eiioieM«CK,  HUt  Nut.  I'ulii,,  vt,  J»7,  1830,  Charlu- 

ton. 
.stmiatoiHNJ  afuhtilM.  JoHbA.N  X  CnJICHT.  Syiia|mla,  SS7',  JosnAtt  k  FttlLM,  I.  c,  &U7. 


55a.  CALAMUS,  SwiiinMon. 
(Pkz  ub  Pluma.) 

rVuUmiu.  SWAiNHiiN,  .Nal.  Hint.  KUIim,  nlc.  11,  22U,  183B  iralam>i$). 
iirammot'Ut.  Pultr,  Ajin.  Lvc.  K»t.  lllnl,  N.  Y.  187'.'.  Witmieroftt}. 

Itody  oldon>;,  eotnproNHAd,  the  back  elevat^id;  head  large,  the  proorbilal 
deep;  mouth  !«iu.all,  the  teeth  Ktiiin;;,  thone  iu  front  conical  or  pointed,  thonc 
•lO  Midea  nxdnr;  prl^opero^l  entire,  posterior  nostril  slit-like;  dorxiil  fin 
rather  low,  not  much  notched,  the  Boft  rays  low,  not  sculy ;  caitdul  well 
forked;  autti  Bpin<*n  xuiall ;  pectornl  rather  lon^;.  .Second  iuterhictiial  bone 
cnlfiriied,  hollowed  anteriorly,  or  peu-iihoped,  receiving  the  posterior  end 
of  the  itir  bladder  in  it«  anterior  groove;  flrst  nptno-bearing  intei-nenrnl 
without  antrortte  Mpine;  temponil  ereat  very  thin  and  high.  Joining  the 
lateral  rreat  which  forms  part  of  the  margin  of  orbit  above  middle  of  eye, 
lioth  crenta  coulcncint;  with  the  tiiipraoccipital  in  the  navemouM  anterior 
part  of  the  interorbitnl  area;  iuterorbital  area  somewhat  coutracteil  ante- 
riorly; prefrontal  process  very  stroUK,  making  an  obtuse  angle  with  the 
Mupraorbital,  this  process  forming  a  coDapiciiouH  knob  above  the  long 
|Kmterior  hixttril.  Shore  lisheM,  remarkably  distinguiiibed  by  the  striictiire 
of  the  iDterliii'mal.  This  genus  contains  nuiuerous  Hj>eeie«,  all  Ainerieau, 
nnil  nil  very  clotu-ly  related  All  are  valued  aft  food-tlshes.  (calamu*,  n 
«|uill  or  reeil,  from  (be  (|uilMikc  interhu-mul.) 

CALAMI'S ' 

>.  KoiiM  ri>nip«mth«l.v  flinkll.  rinr  B-M  to  .W-lfl  nr  19,  *  ,iImiiiI  It  vcrllrul  rows  uf  miUi'ii 
on  hiwc  of  iiriMiprrokv  Willi  alHiiit  13  Hitlnx  riit«ring  Into  tlip  reniiiiltnn  »{  tlit> 
Invar  nin'^iii .  Kprcim  uf  Uryx  "ir.^,  witU  the  |irf<>rl>ii«l  ili'«|i,  llin  iMMlornl  llii 
laue,  auil  tliK  oiilrr  teeth  alrmi);. 
(.  Uuily  TO(>  i1mi|i,  lliv  bark  vJovuImI.  tbe  <leplli  lii  wlull  lislf  U16  tcuCtli  to  l>A>«  Of 

mailali  iratrr  lerUi  about  u.io  in  number.  Uiv  uiiter  one  un  <<ai<ti  iIiIp  In  an« 

or  ImiUi  J»«a  MiuieUiiia*  enUrgrd,  rjuiiun-like,  aomotliiiea  illni  tml  fnfwarda, 
»»pei-lallr  lo  III"  aitnlt, 

*&Ale«  abiisp  III.  Iiilnnti  liue  are  ioiiiiImI  Inini  Die  bate  uf  Uio  flrst  tluruil  apllui,  Uiow 
ImIaw  Ibo  lataral  Ikou  (rum  Uie  Ubm:  of  ttm  tlrat  auul  ipiae. 


1346  Bulletm  //,  United  States  National  Museum. 


which  iiiukra  an  iR'ute  ati^lc  with  the  supraorhital.     Anierionn  ahore  iiahes. 
(drtfoi,  uurrow;  ro/i<i;,  cutting;  fiuiu  the  narrow  iacbors.) 

a.  Body  uv>te,  elliptical,  the  depth  alMju  I  llie  laine  from  tlii<  limt  (lorsal  spiDe  to  the 

rlf%'ent)i;  aDterior prol<lMt««|>:  iMtctanl  ahortpr  tluta  head,  .1^  in  body:  anoat 

abort, 2t  In  lieiul.  Cllltvxofa,  ITIK. 

aa.  U(Mly  >'loD;iul.i%,  uvate,  tlin  dpptli  dt^rviuiinj;  bai^kwnrd  from  the  HrsK  diiraal  apiiio; 

untrrior  profUii  iiutnleep;  jHM^UiraL  uUiiit  um  long  a**  livfiid,  U|  tti  iMwIy;  mioiiI 

1mui;.  Ij 111!' bead.  acclsatus,  1718. 

i:i8.  NTOUTOXtlN  CUUTSUPN  (Liuna-ua). 

(COMMOM  SCDP;  PoKOT;  SilPPTADO.) 

He«d3i;  depth  2,',,.  D.  XII,  12;  A.  11!,  II;  scales  8-50-lfi ;  Bnoiit  short, 
2i  iu  hciul;  eye  8uial],  tiiirrowcr  Ihini  the  |irunrbitai,  4  t<i4|  iu  heikd;  fiiiirth 
dorsiil  tipiuo  'J,  third  aual  Hpinr  the  luiig<-Ht,  "<.  Itu<ly  oviiti<-elUptiL':il,  the 
de|ttb  n)»uut  the  p>iuuc  i'rum  th<^  Itist  ilorNal  Hpjtie  to  the  vlev<-uth;  anterjur 
|)rolilo  mIcc']),  iiiipe  convex,  a  strong  deprosAion  iiljuve  and  iu  Trout  oT  eye, 
Ktruightish  aver  huuuI;  pi-cturul  leaa  than  head,  about  3i  in  body,  exteud- 
iiij;  to  tirst  :niiil  Hpine;  a  Hcaly  Hheath  very  enimpiciioun  at  liaao  of  soft 
(lorHul  :iiid  Jiiial  Iimh;  ti'iriiiora]  crext  ohKolele;  Aopr)ioccil>ilAl  crest  cuu- 
tiiinoiia  with  tbe  Iroutul  bunoH;  incisor  teeth  very  narrow,  almost  ca»ii-:il 
ill  appeurauee;  iiiolart  in  12  town  above;  gill  r.-ikera  Miimll,  ultoiit  <i-|-10; 
to(i  of  hciid,  Huuul,  orbitala,  and  chiu  tiakftl;  Hcrih-H  on  check  extfiudiof; 
from  tippor  tiiargiu  of  eye,  thu  anterior  row  fOtii])U!«ud  of  from  15  to  20 
scales;  eaiulal  tin  Torked,  the  middle  r:iy  altntit  '2i  in  longest  ray.  Color 
lirowiiiHii,  Boiiiowhat  silvery  below,  everywhere  with  bright  vellections,  but 
without  distinct  mtirkings  iu  the  adult;  Hol't  parts  of  verlicul  tins  mottled 
with  dark  iii  adult;  young  faintly  burr«'d;  ariil  dusky.  Length  about  li 
foot,  Atlitutic  <roik!it  of  the  Ifnited  States  from  Cape  Cod  to  South  Caro- 
tinn;  one  of  the  t^omiiioiieNt  food-tishes  of  our  Atlantic  coast,  especially 
ubiiuduut  northward.     (^/OL'tJJs,  gold;   rJ^^',  eye.) 

.S'jMtrtix  chi  ijnapn.  LiN.fACS,  Syat.  Nat.,  Bd.  Xit,  471, 1788,  Cliarleaton. 

Npanu  tifinifvpt.  Liv.v.«ui<,  Syat.  Nat.,  Vj\.  Xil, 171, 17611,  Cliarleaton;  yonng. 

Spanu  xniiUiurui,   LACtrF.DK,  Ubt.  Nat.  Piiian.  IV,  I'iu,  isu;t,  Charleaton :  after  arj^yrofw 

Labnii  reriieotiir,  MiTfUiLi..  Triuj».  Lit.  li  VIM.  Soc,  i,  181J,  4IU,  New  York. 

Nargiii  niitliatiiii.  liOMIIKB.  Cnt.,  I.  4V.I.  I8A'J.  New  York. 

SlfHotomtit  ehrytoiii,  .Iobdan  &.  cjiluebt,  Kyuapela,  550 :  Jokdak  iL  Feblkk,  (.  c,  S07. 

i;i».  8TKNUTU»I;n  lltLEJlTini  (Curier&  VahmoJeniieal. 

iSotTTHEBM   roBOT.) 

lleadS;  depth2l,.  P.  XII,  12;  A.  IH,  11;  seiiles  8-51-1,').  Hody  elongate- 
ovate,  the  dc]>tb  gradually  decreasing  from  tirat  dorsal  spine  to  caudal 
pedniicio;  anterior  profile  not  Htoei>,  uape  slightly  convex,  a  slight 
depression  above  and  behind  eye,  convex  over  snout;  pectoral  abont  as 
long  aa  head,  31  in  boily;  scaly  sheath  at  ha.se  of  soft  dorsal  and  anal 
iucunspii-aous;  snout  long  and  pointed,  2  iu  he:ul;  eye  large,  less  than 
width  of  preorbilftl.  about  3J  iu  Lead;  interorhital  area  v«ry  convex;  6 
strong  it»Dii-al  teeth  in  front  of  upper  Jaw  and  M  in  lower;  molnr  teetb 
uouraer  uud  larger  than  iu  ^i,  chrytopt;  scales  on  «h«ek  reaching  to  top  of 


1350         Bulletin  47,  United  States  Natimial  Museum. 


ontline  of  snont  beinf;  slightly  carved ;  in  adults  the  antedonal  region  is 
very  sharply  compre8fie<l  and  somewhat  gibbons,  forming  above  eye  an 
angle  with  rest  of  profile.  Greatest  depth  of  preorbital  more  than  \  head 
in  adnlt.  Mouth  small,  the  maxillary  scarcely  reaching  vertical  from 
front  of  eye,  2}  in  hend.  Outer  teeth  strong,  about  10  to  12  in  number, 
the  outer  one  on  each  side  in  one  or  both  Jaws  sometimes  enlarged,  canine- 
like,  but  sometimes,  especially  in  old  examples,  directed  more  or  less  hori- 
Kontally  forward.  Gill  rakers  small,  about  4  +  G.  Dorsal  spines  stronger 
and  lower  than  in  C.proriden»,  the  longest  2^  in  head;  pectorals  reaching 
slightly  beyond  vertical  from  fh>nt  of  anal,  rather  more  than  ^  length  of 
body;  ventrals  4^  in  length;  anal  spines  robust.  Color  in  life,  silvery 
with  bluish  reflections;  the  base  and  central  portions  of  each  scale 
golden,  forming  distinct  longitudinal  stripes,  the  stripes  between  these 
pearly  or  bluish;  rows  of  scales  on  cheeks  and  opercles  with  the  pearly 
stripe  median,  the  golden  marginal ;  a  deep  violet  streak  below  orbit,  not 
extending  forward  on  snout  nor  backward  on  opercles ;  preorbital  deep 
dull  violet  like  the  snout,  the  ground  color  forming  reticulations  around 
conspicuous  round  brassy  si>ots  which  cover  half  the  surface;  naked  part 
of  the  preopercle  sometimes  similarly  marked,  more  often  colored  like  the 
body;  edge  of  opercle  gilt;  lower  jaw  dusky  violet;  axil  golden;  base  of 
pectoral  above  with  a  violet  bar;  fins  all  pale,  vaguely  blotched  with  dull 
orange;  ventrals  more  or  loss  dusky  ou  inner  rays;  commissure  of  lips 
yellow;  iris  golden.  Length  15  inches.  West  Indies,  north  to  Florida 
Keys;  generally  common  about  Key  West  and  Havana,  less  abundant  than 
prorideni  or  bajonado.*    (calaiHu*,  a  reeil,  the  equivalent  of  pes  deplum^i.) 

PagtUut  calamut,  Cvviss  &  Valkvciennss,  Hist.  Nat  Poisa.,  vi,  206,  pL  152, 1830,  Martini 

que;  San  Domingo. 
Calamut  m^aeephaliu,  Swalvson,  Xat.  Hi«t  Fiah.,  II.  222,  183t;  after  Uuvica  &  Valkh- 

CIKirNBS. 

PagtUut  orbilariu*.  Four,  Memori.-is,  U,  201, 18G0,  Havana. 

Calamui  maeropi,  J(>BDAN  &  (iu.BKKT,  SynofMiH,  937, 1883,  Oarden  Key,  Florida. 
Ckryiophryt  eaiamui.  GCnthek,  Cat.,  l,  487, 1859;  aeveral  sprrioa  confonndcd. 
Spanu  orbitariut,  I'osr,  SynopsiH.  3U8,  1868. 

OalamiueatemiM,  JoBDAN  &.  (rn.BRRT,  Proc.  TT.  S.  Kat.  Miih.  1884,17;  Joboan  & Fbsler, 
J.  e.,  611. 

liSI.  CALAMI'S  PR0RIPEN8,  Jordan  &.  Rillwrt. 

(I.im,E-HEAI>  POBOT;  PBZ  I>E  PLI'MA.) 

Head  3i  tu  ^  in  length  (4^  in  total) ;  depth  2  to  2}  (2{  to  3) ;  eye  mod- 
erate, 4  in  head  in  adult  (11  inches  long),  3  in  head  in  young  of  6  inches.  1). 
XII,  12;  A.  Ill,  10.  Scales  iM>8-16.  Body  much  elevated,  more  so  than  in 
any  other  known  Hpecies  except  in  C.  calamut.  In  adults  the  anterior  ]>rofile 
rises  in  a  straight  line  very  Bt«eply  to  the  nape,  tlieuce  in  a  gentle  curve  tu 
front  of  dorsal.     In  the  young  the  profile  rises  less  rapidly  and  is  convex; 

*  AmonK  the  Hp<-c!impnH  in  tlio  iiuiseiini  at  (Jambrid);)'  are  bihiio  of  tliu  typwa  of  C-alatmu* 
orhitariwi.  In  dome  of  I  Ih'm«  mini'  of  tln!  oiiniiH'g  in  t  iirnod  forwanl,  and  none  of  the  Kpeci- 
menu  roUected  by  Dr.  Jordan  at  Ki-y  West  and  Havana  HhowM  this  cliararter.  lu  othcni, 
howKvcr,  ttie  outerniost  of  llie  7  or  8  canines  in  tlii>  upi>»>r  jaw  iM  tiinieil  directly  forward, 
as  in  V.proridrn:  .Some of  these  also  hIiow  an  approximation  to  the  head  coloration  of 
O.  prorident.  The  dorsal  spiura  and  the  depth  of  the  preorbital  show  that  all  these 
belong  to  V.  ealamu*. 


Jordan  and  Evemtann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     l.'J49 


fj.  Boalw  l>r;Ke>  about  46  (46  lo 4ft)  in  UUmd  line;  body  rathor  dotigsUi.  the 
depth  about  'l\  in  bmly ;  longoat  doranl  H(iin<i  nimiit  3)  In  lieiul. 

ft.  CiuiineK  RinaU,  itboul     „;  oye  large,  3  in   bead;  doir«al  apinca  XI; 

priMidiital  narrow,  nborit  M)na)  to  eye.  Donial  niiilino  fiimiini; 
B  iMimparatlvoly  regular  arch,  Iho  bock  bcint;  <'l«vatod,  tli« 
■Stt*rior  proHlv  ntvep  anil  nearly  HtraiKht.  I'ulor  pliiiiilwxMia 
gray,  vrith  a  blax  itpot  on  each  ncale,  preurhitol  Willi  blua 
Btnalu;  a  btneatroak  bflow  eye:  a  blae  point  in  the  axil. 

MAraoi-H,  17M. 
g 
AA.  Canlnea  modoratl^  jg,  the  outer  on  each  aide  touieilmiia  enlarged ; 

pye  rather  amall,  about  4^  In  lioad  in  adult;  prrorbitnl  very 

deep;  dorsal  npinex  Xlt.     lfo<ly  rathor  uIiIoiik,  Dm  hhck  not 

•tronKly  archil,   tbu  anterior    profile  rather   evxiily   I'lirred. 

Color    dull    sLlTery.    faintly    bandfd;   pn<orbltal    |ilnin:    axil 

dnnky.  TAI'ihmb.  1737. 

Pectoral  fln  itiort,  about  .'IJ  in  boily. 

(.  Uoraal  outllDi'  formlni;  a  comparatively  te^lararcb,  the  anterior  proUle 

I'roiii  the  auoiit  to  liiiHc  or  the  »pIuoui  dorKui  evenly  convex ;  the  back 

I'luvatiHl,  tbu  deplb  in  the  adult  aliout  ZJ  in  length;  canlnea  ■ubecjual, 

8 


10" 


I 


prxorbltal  not  very  deep;  pectoral  ahortiab.    Color  dull  illvery, 

with  pearly  apota  on  i<cal(>«  of  back;  pniorbltal  hlulNli,  plain  or  with 

pearly  mnrkingii,  without  blun  iitripes;  a  faint  pain  xtreak  Ixtlon-  eye; 

axil  irrllb  a  nmiill  inky  bluuk  Ipot;  onMsLara  on  body  iimially  )i«r- 

aiatent.  pk.vna,  172*. 

ii,  Domal  ooUina  not  fomiinga  regular  arrh,  the  anterior  prollle  ulrulKhl 

from  iMine  of  MpinmiH  dorsal  io  napo.  where  a  rather  aliarji  aiij;1e  in 

formed.  Ihenoe  »troi|rbtf«h  aWive  eye,  the  imoiit  convex  ;  body  rather 

•Innpate,  the  depth  nlmut^)  In  length. 

A 
1.  Proorbital   dc.>p,  nearly  Iwioo   dialUl^ler  of   eye;    catiitje   lieth 

Dodf  oblong,  the  hack  little  elevated,  (he  antrrlnr  proliln  iid 
evenly  cutTed,  very  convex  Iwfoni  eye.  Color  olivarvoiia,  with 
dark  tMra  or  Hpola,  the  cen(«ra  of  many  acniea  pearly ;  fl  yellow, 
idh  apota  along  the  lateral  line;  preorhital  bniwniiih.  oanally 
with  doahen  of  Koldeu  yellow;  membrane  of  operole  ontntie; 
(iDB  Hi'4lly  barred  or  H|Nitled.  akctifrokk,  1720. 

J^.  Preorbltal  uot  deep,  iwcloral  short,  ](  in  head;  dorsal  fins  low.  the 

g 
longeat  apinn  about  3  in  head;   canine*   _,   moilcmto,  e<|ual. 

Hody  Iittl<<  elevated,  the  anterior  proHle  rather  Rlrungly  convex, 
the  curve  continuoun  fn>m  Rnout  to  mtddto  of  doraul.  t.Vlor 
oHvaceouK.  with  darker  eroaalnnda;  preorbital  pluin;  a  dark 
axillary  Hpot;  a  blue  aiibocular  hand.  MKOIUS,  173U. 

SubccDua  OALAMUS. 
i;«0.  CALAMIK  lALASUS  (Cnvier  &  Valencioonva). 

(SAUCBB-mC  PokOT;  PEX  DI  PLCTMA.) 

Head  3i;  depth  l,"n  to  2i  (2|  in  total).  Kyo  large,  3}  in  head  in  atlulta 
(12inchPRh)ng).  D.  XII,  li' (XIII,  11) ;  A.  III.  10,  or  III,  11.  Scale* »-54- 16, 
cheeks  with  5  or  6  aeries  i)f  scales.  B«tly  elevated  tiion*  than  in  auy  other 
known  specieH  of  this  genua,  thi'  (Ufjitli  in  fl<lult  being  Blighty  more  than 
I  length  of  hody.     Anterlur  itrotilo  leas  steep  than  in  C.  proridtHi,  the 


tion,  which  haa  bi!>en  rerifted  for  n«  on  the  original  type  by  Mr.  Alexander 
Thominot.     (peiinatHla,  <liiiitiiiitivti  nfpenna,  ik  <|iiill.) 

CaUimtu  p*nnatul»,  OOICHKHOT,  Rerision  des  Pas<!l«>  ^IB,  Martinique;  JoooAS  Sk  Fis- 

1739.  CALAVrS   BAJO»ADO  (B)ocli  &  Sehaeider). 

(JOLTHKAD   roBOTi   ItAJORAtKI.) 

IIea*l  3  in  leiiKth  (1  in  totnl);  tieptli  2i  (3  in  total);  oye  large, 2|  (in 
yuntig)  to  5  (iu  fulnlta)  in  Icngtli  of  head.  IK  XII,  12;  A.  Ill,  10.  Scalea 
7-5-1-17.  Boily  less  elovateil  tban  in  the  two  8)ieci*>H  preetMljng,  the  snout 
long  and  puiiited,  the  anterior  profile  fining  wloirly  in  an  even  fonrao  to 
front  of  dorMjil ;  in  the  young  tbi>  anlerior  proiile  i.n  mure  bliiiiHy  rounded, 
the  Biipraorbitul  rugion  ni»ri'  pniiniiieiit,  :ind  tb<-  prolilc  <il'  Hnniit  8t(>eper. 
(treatest  depth  of  preorbitjil  nitlicr  nmro  i1j:«i  oiio-balf  length  of  bead  iu 
adultti  2  feet  lon^s  24  in  b«iid  in  ytitiiig  of  6  itiohea.  Klonth  moderate, 
miixillury  not  reacliiug  vortii-al  from  nrliit  tixcept  in  young,  nearly  half 
length  rif  bead  iu  adultH,  '2i  in  bend  in  BpeciineiiB  of  S  inohea.  Anterior 
teeth  i)f  outer  series  iiiiifli  cnhirgi-d  anil  stiotigcr  tliiiu  the  canliform  band, 
infnin  tbo  yonng;  in  adultH  tii<'««  Ivoconie  very  strongly  developer!,  anil 
art!  tlit'ii  nearly  :ia  rolnist  ai<  tlni  nioliirs;  tlieir  iiimibor  fti'i-ms  to  bo  nor- 
inatly  '_>  or  3  on  vnvh  Hide  in  tbo  tipja-r  Jaw  and  3  or  i  on  each  side  in  the 
lower,  but.  this  is  sulijiu't  to  mtudi  variiitioti ;  tlic-  uppr-r  jiiw  bas  ft6i|Uently 
oneortb''8e  luore  enlarged  than  Hie  otlierH,  and  caiiinB  like.  The  molars, 
08  iisnal  to  this  genne,  in  cS  snrieH  iu  thr  upper  jaw  jind  2  iu  the  lower; 
lieBides  these  there  is  <|uite  0(^utitautIy  tivward  the  front  of  the  juw  an 
interior  Biipplernental  series  of  molars,  both  above  and  below.  Dorsal 
spines  slender,  the  highest  'Jit  in  head,  tlio  soft  rays  low;  nnnl  spines  ro- 
bust; pectonils  long,  reaching  pant  origin  of  anal,  21  to  'A  in  length ;  ven- 
trals  nearly  rem-hing  vent,  1^  in  bead.  Color  in  life,  bniej4y,  r:«ttier  dull, 
and  with  little  blue  iiiiirking,  the  jiiiddleof  each  «eab'  Mhiniug,  bill,  Hcarocly 
hluish  ;  a  bliiostripe  Iiolinv  eye,  niirroworaiid  duller  than  in  the  preeeding 
speoics,  and  extending  well  forward  on  preorbitjil;  :i  set'oitd  duller  Htroak 
above  this,  the  two  meeting  on  forehead;  preorbital  dull  coppery,  often 
with  iiTogulur  and  obscure  blue  lines,  these  soiuetimes  foruiiiig  obseure 
veintug,  mid  silways  growing  duller  willi  iige:  lower  jaw  dull  pnrpliHli; 
angle  of  month  purplish  .iiid  orunge  yellow;  axil  yellowish;  no  violet 
Inind  on  1ia.se  of  ppctornl ;  fvna  plain,  the  ventrnls  soinetinies  slightly 
diiHky,  the  eaiidiil  ob»i'iirely  barred,  A  yonng  specimen  had  4  or  .3  faint 
oruugo  blotchw*  along  back.  Length  2  feet.  West  Indies,  north  to  Florida 
Keya;  moat  abnudaiit  of  the  genim,  and  reaching  a  larger  size  than  any  of 
the  otherH.  The  largent  seen  by  ns  were  22  inches  long.  It  is  the  dnllest 
in  eolor  of  the  large  species,  {hajoiindo,  the  ('ub»u  name,  efjiiivalent  to 
bayonet,  and  probably  alhuliug  to  the  interh.'emal.) 

Bajonatlo,  TARa*,  llif.  CiuxAJi  llUt.  Niit.  L'liliit,  13,lnni.B.  1787,  Havaom. 

Kpariu  haj'inndo.  Hhocu  i  .SriiN-BiDEB,  Syst  Iclith.,  2W.  1801 ;  ttftcr  Taiula. 

I'agrUut  eaniuui.  Pocr,  Memoriaii.  II.  19U.  1»SU.  Havana. 

Valamuf  piumalula,iiVKnB.inn.  liev.  rn),'<'ln.  IIV,  Martioique :  JoitBAK,  Proe.  tT,  8.  Ifst. 

MiiB.  IHSCS.!';  roexaniioatinn  uf  type. 
Pngrlhu  hajonado.  PoEV,  Prtw.  At.  Nat  Sci.  Phila.  l«a.  J77. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1353 


Clulamti*  6<i>«n(i<(<i,  rciBT  Ann.  Lyo.  Nal.  Uiat.  K.  Y..  x,  1873.  1*6,  pi.  ri,  llg.  Ij  Pore, 
Eniimeratio,  &:■,  \%Vi>,  Jouimn  ii.  OlLUEBT,  I'nnt.  IT.  S.  Nut.  Mas.  1884.  >>U:  JoBlUN  ii. 
FKHIJS]l,l.(t.,5t2. 

Subgenus  CRAMMATEUS,  Fney. 

i;;!l.  iUt.AnilK  ItRll  IIYMDKS  iLockioeton). 

(Mai.VUUA    r.AUAIIATA.) 

'  -'Ilead^i;  duplh  'i,\,;  e.vo  modoruto.  ulioiit  4)  in  lioud  in  adult;  Hi.'uk>« 
'G-50-13.  \).  XII,  11;  K.  Ill,  111.  Body  liiucL  cc)nip)'L'H.sed,  short  nnd  deep, 
the  bavk  oi>UH)dertibIy  ckvuted,  tliu  anterior  |irotil«i  atefj)  imd  rpjifuliirly 
couve\  from  biiauof  Hot  dorHiil  Hjtino  to  ]i(iintuf  Huuiit;  atiuut  iihort,  1}  to 
3  in  Iiuad;  moiitb  siiiull,  iitnxillury  abuut  '1\  iu  head.  Cmdnes  xhort  nad 
strong,  about  |'  \;  noantrorsii' ■■uiiiuch;  pruorbitul  Uiirri^n,  iF^li'iist  wiilLli2| 
to  3J  iu  liead;  gill  rakers  very  sniiill,  about  4 -t-ti.  I'ectoral  narrr)w  und 
long,  reai'liiug  to  the  verl.iral  from  the  ori^jiii  of  first  unul  rny,  uboiit  2{  in 
body;  Hei^oad  and  tliird  aiwil  apincB  nbont  equal,  !{  in  bc-kd;  liflb  dorsal 
Hpioe  2  in  b«MKl.  Sutml,  iiiterorbital,  pieorbitiils,  MaborliitHlf,  and  cliin, 
uakr^d;  scales  on  choek  in  uboiit  5  series,  t'ulor  brusny  olivo  with  dnrlior 
crossbnndM  and  fow  violot  uiiirks;  preorbitu.!  plain  browuiHli,  an  inky 
a\illary  spot;  ventrala  dn.sky.  Lonstb  15  inches,  (iulf  of  Ciilifuruia  und 
ncighboriu;;  waters;  locally  iilmndant  from  Mngdalena  Ituy  to  Mazatluu; 
a  fuod-flHh  of  some  ini[iurtiiiic^.     (/^^jn^i'j,  short;  (S(i/ii(t,  body.) 

Sfiom  braehynmu;  hocKIsnxov,  Troc  D.  S.  Kit.  Miis   IIMO,  284,  MaEdalena  Bay,  Lower 

California. 
ViiUiiniis  I'TUchytomxii,  EVEBlUUtN  &  JENKINS,  Pnic.  U.  8.  Nat.  Mm.  1S91,  U3;  JoaDAir& 

FBSLia.  (.  e.,  hVi. 

17t5.  CALAUrs  T.Kllt^OSTEUK,  JonUn  .v  GillHirt. 

(Wmitebo.se  Porcm-,) 
TleadS^;  depth  2^ ;  eye  rather  large,  3^  in  hend  in  adults;  Hrales  7  or 
H-51-1-1.  D.  XII,  12;  A.  Ill,  10.  Uudy  fornird  niufb  us  iu  t'lilumiiii jtcnna, 
short  anil  deep,  with  stj'ep  anterior  profile  niiil  high,  arched  back,  the  pro- 
file nearly  straigltt  from  suout  to  above  oyi.*s,  thence  vnnvos.  I  k>ud  deeper 
than  long,  the  preorbital  region  very  deep,  its  least  depth  2i  in  head, 
half  greater  than  iuterorbital  width.  A  strong  blunt  ])roniiiieni'e  before 
eye.  Mouth  rather  large,  the  maxillary  2?  in  bi-ad.  OuttT  teeth  in  both 
jowH  moilerately  enlarged,  canino-like,  about  10  in  each  jaw,  none  of 
thcHi  directed  forward;  gill  rakers  very  short  and  wide  njiart,  about  y-|-6. 
Highest  dorsal  spine  2J  in  head;  jifctornis  very  long,  reiidiing  to  Hie  ver- 
tical from  base  of  third  anal  spine,  2j  in  length  of  body ;  vuiitrals  lj(  iu 
head.  Scales  large,  tho»<>  on  cheeks  in  5  rows.  Kiniitty  silvery ;  sides  with 
vagne  crossbars;  dorsal  and  aual  (tn«  with  dark  (dotihes;  ventrals  dusky ; 
no  black  axillary  spot.  South  Atlantic  coast  of  Tnited  States,  in  rather 
decji  water,  known  only  from  the  markets  of  (.'harlcstou,  South  <.'inoliua. 
length  about  a  foot.  (XevHo?,  white;  tJdrf'oi',  bone,  fniiu  thu  common 
name,  the  application  of  which  is  nnkuowu  to  u».) 

('nlamiii  tinjoiuidx,  JuUDAif  Si  <ilLUEHT,  SyooiMia,  D2li,  18:83;  not  kajnnatlo,  IlLOCH  A 
SCUNKIDCB. 

Valatnu*  UiicntUut.  JoBDAN  Ic  GILBEUT,  in  JonnAN,  Cat.  Fisbes  N.  A.,  91, 188&,  Charleston 
fColl.  Cbarlva  C.  LealieJi  JoEOAN  It  Fb<<LBB,  <.<i.,&U. 
3030 8 


1354         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 

172*.  CALAfltS  MACB0P8,  Poey. 

Head  3i^o;  depth  2^;  eye  large,  about  3  in  head.  D.  XI,  12;  A.  Ill,  10. 
Body  rather  elongate;  scales  large;  dorsal  outline  forming  a  compara- 
tively regular  arch,  the  back  being  elevated,  the  anterior  profile  steep  and 
nearly  straight.  Canines  small,  about  10  to  12;  preorbital  narrow,  about 
equal  to  eye;  mouth  small,  the  maxillary  about  2^  in  head.  Color  plum- 
beous gray,  with  a  blue  spot  on  each  scale;  preorbital  with  blue  streaks; 
a  blue  streak  below  eye ;  a  blue  point  in  the  axil;  fins  pale  (Poey).  Cuba; 
known  only  from  Poey's  description  and  figtire.    ( /«rxp6s,  large ;  <u^,  eye.) 

OWamu*  maerop*.  Poet,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist,  K.  Y.  1872, 181,  fig. 3,  Havana;  Jobdan  & 
FiSLSB,  I.  c,  U3. 

1727.  CALAMUS  TACBIXUS  (Jonyns). 

Head  3  to  3};  depth  2^;  eye  4|;  scales  <M&-U.  D.  XII,  12;  A.  Ill,  10. 
Body  rather  elevated,  deeper  than  in  Calamu*  arcHfront,  the  anterior  pro- 
file rather  evenly  curved,  but  not  very  strongly  convex.  Head  narrowed 
above,  but  broad  through  the  supraorbititl  region;  profile  rising  from  nape 
to  front  of  dorsal,  the  occipital  crest  as  high  as  eye;  preorbital  very  deep, 
its  least  depths  maxillary,  2^  in  head.  Mouth  large,  not  reaching  verti- 
cal ftom  front  of  orbit.  Outer  teeth  moderately  enlarged,  normally 
placed,  the  large  teeth  i^.  Eye  moderate,  1^  in  interorbital,  2  in  pre- 
orbital. Longest  dorsal  spine  21 ;  pectoral  very  long,  2}  in  body,  reaching 
second  anal  spine,  which  is  4  in  head.  Color  dull  silvery,  with  faint  dark 
orosebands;  preorbital  plain ;  anal  dusky;  ventrals  pale ;  evlge  of  opercle 
dnsky.  Galapagos  Islands  to  Peru.  We  have  examined  many  specimens 
in  the  museum  at  Cambridge,  from  Charles  Island,  one  of  the  Galapagos. 
The  above  deHcription  from  a  specimen  from  Payta,  Peru.  (From  tawua, 
bull;  bullbeadcd.) 

Chry»ophry»  laurina,  Jbntns,  Zoo).  Beagle,  Fi«bes,  M,  pi.  vii,  12,  1842,  Oalapagos  Islands 
(Coll.  Charles  Darwin) ;  Valenciennes,  Voyage  V6nnM,  v,  330, 1846. 

Ohrysophryt  eyanopUra.  Valknctenneh,  Voyage  V6nuB,  v,  pi.  4,  fig.  2, 1840,  Charles  Island, 
Oalapagos  Group. 

OoiamtM  taurintu,  Joboax  ii.  noixMAN,  Proc.  U.  S.  Kat.  Mas.  1888, 181 ;  .Tobdah  &  Feslbk, 
i.e.,513. 

i;S8.  CALAHrs  PKITNA  (Cavier  &  Valenciennes). 

(LiTTLB-MOITTn  POBOY;  SRKBPBIIEAI)  PoBOT.) 

Head  3  to  3};  depth  2i  (2}  in  total) ;  eye  rather  small,  3|  to  4^  in  head 
in  spcciuicns  from  6  to  11  inches  long.  1).  XII,  12;  A.  Ill,  10;  scales  6-48-13. 
Body  somewhat  higher  than  in  C.  bajonado.  Anterior  profile  evenly  con- 
vex to  front  of  dorsal,  rising  slowly  and  not  strongly  arched.  Preorbital 
low,  2J  to  3  in  head,  about  equaling  iuterorbital  width.  Month  moderate, 
the  maxillary  scarcely  reaching  vertical  ftom  front  of  orbit,  2}  to  2J  in 
head.  Outer  serie.s  of  teeth  auteriorly  in  both  jaws  somewhat  enlarged, 
small  and  uniform  in  sixo,  8  to  10  in  each  jaw;  no  accessory  row  of  molars 
in  either  jaw.  Dorsal  low,  the  highest  dorsal  spine  about  2^  in  head; 
pectorals  about  reaching  vertical  from  front  of  anal,  3^  in  length;  ven- 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1355 


trals  1}  to  2  in  head.  St-aloB  lartje,  in  about  5  vortical  twjrieH  «u  ulj««ka. 
Colur  dull  silvery  witli  pearly  niarkin(<8,  without  blue  Htri|tuH;  n  faint 
p:ili«  strt-ak  below  oyo;  axil  with  «  small  inky  black  sjiot;  veulrals  blark- 
IbIi;  dark  orotiabarH  ou  body  imuully  {lurHiiiteiit,  A  small  Hjiotlinou  in  tko 
mnseuiii  ut  Citnibritlgo,  wiiifh  iin«y  bo  tlj<'  typ«'  of  Poey's  VaijeUus  hnm\\\», 
belong.H  to  tliin  sjierit's.  'I'liifl  exiinijiti'  is  ll  iiichi-n  long,  the  eye  iiourly  4  in 
baud,  th«  depth  'i\  in  length,  :iii(l  thm  pectorni  iih  lung  at*  head.  The  typi< 
of  Calamus  microftH  iJuiuliciiut,  in  in  the  niDBeniii  at  I'aris.  It  agr<'e.s  with 
i'aiamim  prima  in  nil  respectH  oxt'Bpt  the  sixe  of  the  eyw,  which  in  ill  in 
head.  8ontlien>  Florida  to  Uracil,  common ;  known  from  I'harlotte  llnrbor, 
Key  WeAt,  Hio  Janeiro,  ^st.  Thuiniis,  iluvMna,  <'aiiiaru,  and  Kio  (traudo  du 
Sal.     (j>«nHa,  a  <|iiill  or  pen.) 

rngellujt  prnna.  ('rviKB  A:  Vaijenciemnbui,  Hiat.  KaLPoUa.,  VI,2IMI,  1830,  BraiU. 
VngtUui  mieropt.  GuiCtUROT.  iu  Kainoii  ite  U  Sacra,  Hlat.  CnUk,  188,  pL  3,  fl|;.  1.  IMS, 

Havana. 
Paurltut  Auinilif,  PoEV,  Syno|isifi,  3()»,  ISfiS,  Havana. 
I'ligrlluM  iiiHurri,  GooDR  it   IlKAJ*.  Proc.  IT.  S.  Nat.  Una.  1879,  134,  Charlotte  Harbor, 

Florida.     (Tyi>e,  Ni..ai34.     OU.C.  Blioki  r.) 
liramniattiu  humitu.  Pour.  RniiniiTRtin.  M).  )«i5. 
Hpanii  inVntri,  Joboav  ii  Uilhebt,  Synn|i»iK,  !)56. 
Catainui  pnma,  Jurd*»  ii  Oilbebt,  Proc  V.  S.  Mat   Haa.  1884,  21;  Jordan  ic  FEaLKB, 

i.e..&U. 

17».  OALAJfUK  AR^TIFKII.NS,  Qoode /t  Bean. 

((.iHASs  PoBGY:  SiiAi)  PoBur.) 

Head  3i;  depth  SI;  Bcales  6-18-13.  D.  XII,  12;  A.  Ill,  in.  Hodyoblong, 
th<'  back  little  <flevated,  not  nearly  so  ninch  as  in  C.  penna,  the  ant)<rior 
profile  nuevpiily  ctirved,  very  convex  before  eye;  head  narrow  abovii; 
ilorHul  outline  not  foruiing  a  regular  arch,  the  anterior  prufiln  Htraight 
from  ba»o  of  opinona  dorisiil  to  Hn]>c,  where  u  rather  Hhar(*  itnijle  is  formed, 
thonce  straightiith  above  eye,  (be  snout  convex;  m-iuly  Mtraiglil  along 
boec  of  8])inonRdorHiil;  sualeA  on  cheek  in  4  or  ,%fieriefi;  the  i>rbltals,  snont, 
chin,  and  edge  of  preoperdc,  naked.  Pr<>oil>ital  deep,  it«  depth  2^  in  hcmd, 
and  nearly  twice  diameter  of  eye,  which  ia  4  to  .5  in  head ;  pectoral  3<  iu 
body,  reaching  past  tips  of  ventralH;  longest  dorsal  spine  21  in  head; 
third  anal  spine  the  longest,  5;  canine  teeth  R-IO;  gill  rakers  small  and 
blnut,  about  4  -J-  R.  Color  olivaceous  with  dark  bars  or  Kpote,  the  centers 
of  ui.iny  scales  pearly;  fi  yellowish  spot.>t  along  the  littenil  line;  ]iro- 
orbital  browuiHh,  nsiially  with  diwhes  of  golden  yplluw;  meiiibraue  of 
opercle  orange;  (ins  timstly  liarred  or  spotted;  veutnkls  pale,  faintly 
barred.  tJulf  of  Mexico,  from  Pwmacola  to  Key  West;  a  small  porgy 
comiQOD  in  the  eelgrass  about  Key  West,  uud  ranging  northward  at  least 
to  Pcusacola;  not  known  from  the  West  ludiee.  (arctat,  contracted; 
front,  forehead.) 

Ctotamuir  nrfiifrmu,  OooDK  &  Bkan,  Prtw.  V.  S.  Nat.  Mii«.  1882,  435,  Pensacola  (Typr, 
Nil.  aoiW.  Coll.  SilOK  Sl.<«nii«»;  JoRliAK  4-  Gu.MKKT,  Synopnid,  9?8;  Jokuaw  4 
OCLSEKT,  Prmi.  r  S.  Xst  Mnn.  IHSt.  '£i:  JOBOAK  &.  Swain,  Pruc.  U. S. Nat. Mus.  1884. 
aSS;  JoU>a;(  &  FbslKB,  i.  r,,  514. 


1356         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


i;30.  riLAXl'K  JIKDIi:8  (I'ouy>. 

Hejwi  ;H;  'lepth  2j;  acales  f-46-f.  D,  Xll,  12;  A.  IH,  10.  Body  sub- 
eliptk-al,  rather  eUuigattt,  deepost  at  front  of  ilonuti,  t1u<  antorior  profile 
ratber  Htramgly  oimvex,  tbe  curve  coutiuuoiia  from  snout  to  middle  of 
doraAl.  I'reorhitiil  not  deep,  itN  depth  2\  in  bcHil ;  pectoral  ^hort,  1^  iu 
head;  ciiiiini's  i;,  riKulnniti',  ciiuhI.  Color  oliviireoiis,  with  darker  crow* 
builds;  j>reorhlt;iJ  pliiin;  vi-ntrals  dark;  a  tliiik  sixillurj  spot;  »  blito 
Bubocular  band.  West  Iiidi<.>M,  here  doBcribi-d  from  a  siH-ciiiioii  frniu  Havana 
<2183«,  M,  7..  C),  ir>  iiifb<'8  long.  'I'be  «j«>rie8  is  allied  to  ('.  ^h-nwo,  differ- 
ing in  the  more  elongate  form,     (mrdiun,  iiiediiini.) 

(irammatein  mtdixu,  Toey,  Ann.   Lye.  Nnt,  Hint.  N.  V.  187J,  183,  pi.  7,  He.  ^,  Havani; 

PoKV,  Euumrratlo.  M.  187&. 
ViUamuM  mtdivM,  JoitUAM  &  FE(>LKIt,  (.  e.,  S14. 

553-  PAGRUS.  Cuvier. 

(EUKiilKAN    PoRGIES.) 
Vttririii,  CtiviKK,  Ki'gup  Ajiinial,  I'M.  I,  27'.',  1x17  (anitnl/m*  =  pO(;r*«>. 

l?ody  oblong,  tompreescd,  covered  with  large  si-aleo.  lleml  lurge;  pre- 
opurt-le  entire;  ojierelo  n<it  urnn-d.  .Moiitli  riillier  stuall,  tenuiiial,  low,  the 
anlt^rior  t-uftb  in  tbe  .jawH  cardiroroi,  the  iiiitt-r  series  of  toelli  giMit-rally 
enlarged,  canino-likp,  not  compn-Bsed,  the  todtti  behind  tln^  canineAfib'nder 
and  acul<.>.  lioth  .jaivs  « itb  2  or  3  series  of  roumled  lunlar  teeth,  which 
are  soinetinieM  irn^jruiarly  mixed  with  sk'nch'f  tet<t)i ;  no  teeth  on  voiifer  or 
palatines.  IVstorior  nostril  obbing,  not  ulit-like,  tiineli  larg(>r  than  ante- 
rior. Doruul  rather  low,  the  spiiiea  aiioot  12  in  niniihtr,  ilojireKBilile  in  a 
groove;  niial  spiuest  luodenite,  tlio  second  iiut  grcally  developed;  aettmd 
interhienial  apiue  not  peti->ih!i)ted;  no.uit porno  dorsal  ajiiut^;  Hupriioocipital 
crest  coaleaeent  witli  tcmpoial  eresta.  C'aiuljil  liii  lurked;  :iii  bladder 
Hiiiiple;  gili  ntkors short;  liranchiostegnlHiii;  iiiteatinal  iiiiniiltdiort;  pylorio 
ca'cafew.     Carnivoioiis  fwhes,  mostly  of  Kurnpe  and  Africa.     TIiIm  genua 

is  close  to  the  EiiroptMU  gcnits  Sptinm  iSparHit  iiuntta  L lurntit  lti880  = 

CkrijtohlejihuH  Cuvier),  with  whitvli  it  agrees  in  tlie  skeletal  characters, 
differing  uhiclly  in  the  largtr  seaiox,  t*Iender(>r  body,  and  uarrovrer  bands 
of  teeth.  The  genera  are  probiibly  distinct,  butthe  I'liaracters  of  division 
have  not  yet  been  fully  indicated.  *    indyfnK,  porgy,  the  ancient  utime.) 

n:ll.  I'.tUltl'K  lUUBrN  iLinnnuB^ 
(RKO   I'OBIHf;    BlWDIiOi  PAKOO  Cii1X>BA1>0.( 

1).  .\1,  12,  or  XH,  It  or  10;  A.  HI,  8;  scales  6  (9)  -.W  to  56-i;i  Body 
oblong,  the  back  moderately  elevated,  the  protiie  puriibolic;  preorbilal 


*  Cavlor  noarailud  2  gonera:  I'affrut  with  t1i<i  molar  t««th  in  3  <HTii<ii,  uid  SiMinu 
(CArj/wvArsff)  with  tbe  mulan*  in  .t  nr  iuori<.  TIi!n  4'linriict«r  lias  not  much  iiiiportaooe, 
■ml  .Sleindirhuer  liaa  pru]HiMKl  tu  aubntitnle  fur  il  tlic  following: 

Spa  nit :  IVelli  lifliimi  llir  enninm  with  tlir  apex  niuDileil.  trTknnUkl«d,  nr  gliiboa«; 
niolnrfl  in  2  or  niorr  arriea. 

fagnis:  Tcrtli  liuliinil  the  raninea  niMile,  nulmliilo.  i>r  nelaceouii;  niulnrs  in  2  or  more 

MlTleB. 

Altliousll  in  |£eui^ral  appearance  Spartu  anrata  Hnd  ratjntt  p<t(fruinliffeT  cobHiderably, 
nnil  nUu  connlilcmbly  from  (HtlHTAltflrTaDt  ikp«rk*A,  jut  Vhrytoblfphtu  {jibbictyf  aiifl  Argyrfrp* 
tpinifrr.  ttierc  i!i  no  im|iurtiitit  difTensnoe  in  tbe  skull  or  skeletun,  and  all  may  perhaps  be 
referable  \o  a  bIdieIc  gcoiis,  Uparu*. 


Jordan  and  Evcrntann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1367 


iltM'p,  TTiurb  wider  tlian  the  aiuftll  <iy«.  Molar  t<*«tli  in  two  scrieii;  teeth 
bcliirid  tliQ  caniues  slen'ler;  monies  lar^c.  IlorHul  spities  not  elongate,  the 
Trout  laiifroHt,  alioiit  ^j  in  Iicad;  Hoi't  ilorHal  unci  iinal  )ioiiite(l  licbiiitl; 
cimilal  well  forkcil;  second  uii»l  npiiK':  Ht.roii^cr  htit  not  lau>;('r  tlinn  ttiird, 
alimit  I  in  lie:id;  fH«ctoriil  liti  t'limjjiitc,  loiif^cr  thiiii  lioiitl,  ri-!uvhiuy  jibont 
to  fourth  soft  ray  of  anal.  Ameri<':in  KjircimeiiH  hIiow  in  UI'h  tlii'  rolloning 
I'olonition :  C"<d<ir  j;ol<lcii-i>liv«',  thr  iiiidrlle  of  each  scitle  InrKt'ly  iiinki.-ili- 
rud,  {jivinfj  a  >;en«irrt]  ruddiHli  hiio  to  tlio  (isli:  iddpH  and  Iwlow  Bilvory, 
IIubIkmI  with  red  ;  many  srajea  of  luK'k  iicid  siiles  earh  with  a  hiiiiiII  roiiitil 
Bpotof  dei<p  piiqilinh-ldiie,  thoH«<  furiitiDg  distinct  lougitudiiiai  Htreakr*  on 
the  Bides  belovv  lateral  line,  the  gcrieH  snmowhat  irregular,  rntniin>^  along 
the  margiiiH  of  thu  acalca ;  above  tho  lateral  lino  ttieao  Kpota  uri'  Hornowliat 
8catterc<l,  t'orininf;  very  irregular  nldii|iii'Bi!ri*'8,  rnnniog  upward  and  bark- 
ward;  a  lew  of  tbese  HjmtH  on  naji<>  and  upper  part  of  oiterclc;  a  dark 
8put  on  iippi-r  part  of  orUital  rim;  Hnont  titi<{c'd  with  pinpliHli,  occiput 
with<ilive;  edge  of  opcrili- dusky ;  vi-i  I  ii-Kltiiis  largely  oriingi',  tlieir  edges 
transhu-eut;  spinon.i  dorsal  Honicwhat  dnaky ;  venlral.-<  ])nle,  with  a  pink- 
ish tilat*'h  at  linho;  pix'torals  yidlowitiU,  eH]ie('iiiIly  at  Icibc,  the  axil  oonie- 
wliatduHky.  Length  2  feet.  Southern  P<nropo  and  Smilti  Allatitir  and 
(Inlf  coaeta  of  the  lj'nLt4Ml  StateH,  south  to  IJnignay,  in  rather  deep  water. 
(En.)  Tills  spci-ies,  ronnnon  in  Honfhcrn  Kiiro]ie,  has  been  several  times 
t&ken  on  tho  snapper  liankn  ufl'  I'enaau  la  and  at  Chnrieston.  \M\  Herg 
Kays  that  it  is  alaoroatmon  in  varionM  UicalitiiM  along  the  eoaHtM  r>f  Argen- 
tina and  Uruguay.  Tliero  .seems  to  lie  nu  clirteri'iin-  between  Anierienn 
and  Knropean  gpeciiiiens,  except  that  in  Kiiropeati  dr'ScrtptionH  vvk  llnd  no 
allusioos  1.0  the  blue  gpotn  iharai'teristic  of  the  American  fish.  \nayi}iii, 
pagnis,  the  old  name,  whieh  has  l)Beouie;jflrjf(fand;«>r(j)j/  in  modern  t^mgiieB.) 

Spartu  poi/rut,  LiNN.«r.s,  Syiit.  KbI.,  E<1.  X,  2T0,  17!>8,  Southern  Europe;  Jukdaiv,  I'roo. 

U.S.  Nut.  Miin.  1H82,  tITS:  Joiiuan  k  Fehlbr,  i.  r..,  S16;  Bebo,  Add.  Ha«.  Kat.  de 

Biienoii  Aire*  180.'>,  10. 
Pagnii  rul,jai-ii,  Cvvjsn  it  VAl.nNriKNKES,  Hint.  Nal.  Poina.,  tt,   142,  IKIO,    Southern 

Europe;  IJlNTnEH.  (-'«t.  Fi"hns,  i,  4<lfl. 
S/ianu  argmleni.  BUk'K  ic  .Si  HMtlbKU,  S^nt.  Icljtb.,371,  IHOl. 
{'nffru-t  arffentetiM,  Ci'VtEll,  R^giia  Animiil,  Kd.  i,  '^i,  1817;  Uoonc  &  Bbam,  I'roc.  U.  8. 

Nal.  Mas.  187a,  133, 

554.  LAGODON,  Elolbruok. 

(CHoI-A    SI'INA.) 


Zitf04»n,  HoutBOOK,  Ichtli.  Soiitti  CaroliiiH,  59, 1860  (rhntulwiiUt). 

The  ««seutial  eliaraeter  of  this  genus  is  in  the  funu  of  the  skull.  Sai>ra- 
■ivripital  .and  temporal  crents  nowhere  coaloscent,  llie  iiili-n^rliital  area  not 
swollen;  frontal  bone  in  the  interorbilal  area  thin,  eoucave  in  transverse 
NectioD;  temporal  rreat  low,  separated  from  Miiprauccipital  crest  by  a 
flaltish  area  which  extends  forward  on  each  side  of  aupraocclpital  crest 
aud  to  groove  of  premaxillaryaiiineH.  Otherwise  essentially  as  in  .trchoaitr- 
gut,  the  an trorse  dorsal  spine  present,  the  second  iiiterhieniid  not  luoditieil. 
One  apeoies.  the  ineisor.t  deeply  notvhed.     (Xnycu?,  hare:  oScof,  tooth.) 


1368         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 

17«a.  U6ODON  BHOIBOIDKS  (Linnnaa). 
(PumsH;  Bbkav;  Saoob's  Choicb;  Chopa  Spina.) 

Head  3^;  depth  2  to  2};  eye  4.  D.  XII,  11;  A.  UI,  11;  scales  10-65  to 
70-17.  Body  elongate,  elliptical;  head  flattened,  muzzle  pointed,  profile 
not  very  steep;  eye  moderate,  1^  to  1^  iu  snout,  1  in  interorbital ;  mouth 
moderate,  maxillary  not  reaching  front  of  orbit,  3^  in  head;  incisors  ),  all 
deeply  notched ;  molars  in  two  series  in  eacth  jaw ;  gill  rakers  6  + 13 ;  dorsal 
spines  all  rather  high,  the  highest  about  2  in  hood ;  caudal  deeply  forked ; 
second  anal  spine  not  longer  than  third ;  ventrals  short  and  broad,  pec- 
torals moderate,  upper  rays  reaching  past  origin  of  anal.  Color,  in  life, 
olivaceous,  the  sides  bluish-silvery ;  a  humeral  spot  and  traces  of  6  ver- 
tical bars;  gilt  stripes  much  less  intense  than  in  Areho»ar<ju»  unimaculatut, 
much  broader  than  the  interspaces;  about  7  stripes  below  the  lateral 
line,  those  above  it  more  or  less  confluent;  dorsal  fin  pale  bluish,  with  a 
submedian  gilt  band  and  a  gilt  edging;  caudal  yellow,  faintly  barred; 
anal  bluish,  with  a  medium  yellowish  band;  ventrals  mesially  yellowish; 
pectorals  plain.  Length  6  inches.  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts  of  the  United 
States,  Cape  Cod  to  Cuba;  excessively  coumion  all  along  the  eastern  coast 
of  the  United  States  Honth  of  New  York,  and  on  the  Gnlf  coast  as  far  west 
as  Peusacola;  too  small  to  be  much  used  as  food.  (/do/</3o$,  rhomb ;  elSo?, 
appearance.) 

Spanu  rhomboidei,  LiNNJiUS,  S]-R< .  Nat.,  TA.  xn,  470, 1766,  Charleston.   (Coll.  Dr.  Garden.) 
Sargut  rkomboideJi,  CuviUB  &  Valencibnnbs,  Hiat.  Nat.  Poiss.,  vi,  88,  pi.  143,  1830; 

GUmthek,  Cat.  Fisbe*,  i,  447,1850. 
Diflodut  rhomboides,  EiaENMANN  &  UnoHES,  Pmo.  U.  S.  Nat.  Hns.  1887,  06;  Jobdak  Sc. 

FsgLRK,  {.  c,  518. 

5SS.  ARCHOSARGUS,  Gill. 

(SUEEPSHEADS.) 

Arekoiargut,  Gnx,  Canadian  Naturalist,  August,  1865  (probatocephalut). 
SctUma,  JOBDAN  &.  EVKEMANN,  Check-List,  380, 1896  (unimaeulattu). 

Body  robust,  short  and  deep,  compressed,  covered  with  large  scales. 
Head  deep,  mouth  moderate,  tUo  jaws  with  brood  incisors  in  ftout  and 
coarse  molars  on  the  sides;  incisors  entire  or  with  a  shallow  notch;  pos- 
terior nostril  slit-liko ;  operclos  entire.  Dorsal  and  anal  spines  strong,  the 
soft  parts  of  the  iin  short  and  roiinde<l ;  a  procumbent  spine  before  the 
dorsal;  caudal  forked.  Uill  rakors  small.  Supruoccipital  and  temporal 
crests  coalescent  anteriorly,  both  disappearing  in  the  gibbous  interor- 
bital area ;  frontal  bone  between  eyes  transversely  convex  and  more  or 
less  honeycombed;  temporal  crest  separated  from  occipital  crest  by  au 
excavated  area,  bounded  anteriorly  by  the  lateral  croHt,  which  merges  into 
the  8npraoc(n]>ital  above  eye.  This  genus,  like  iMijodon,  JStenotomm,  an<l 
<Hrynter,  wbicli  show  tlio  sunie  character  of  the  procumbent  dorsal  spine, 
is  confined  to  American  waters.  There  are  two  color  types  in  the  genus, 
one  group  being  made  up  of  the  species  with  broad  bluck  crossbauds,  the 
other  of  species  with  golden  streaks  and  inconspicnous  crossbands,  re- 
sembling the  species  of  Lagodon.  {dpxoi,  chief;  6dpyoi,  Sargut,  an  old 
name  of  JJiplodua.) 


Jordan  and  Evennann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1359 


ULKHA  (S|naUU  tuune) ; 

•.  Ocoipital  creat  ralber  thiD,  ila  bourycomb  straotnro  oot  expoiied.     Speriea  with 

artraOu  of  8leel  bine  and  f>olden,  lh«>  cUrk  croaa  baiiiU  narrow,  ditapposring  wlUi 

■KB,  about  one-third  th«  intorapiico*;  h  blook  bumc'ral  Hput. 

b.  Dunikl  •plnv*  13 ;  Ineitnri!  )  on  each  »idr :  •idn  of  bftik  with  8  or  9  golden  itroalu, 

which  ar«  nnrrowor  thuu  the  metallic  blue  tnlrrspaoea. 

I'.  8calM(l-4)i-15,  )><M.-Uimltlii  not  •(ultcrvachint;  M-condaual  ii[>lne;  liody  rntlipr 

drwji  aod  C4itTi|tnMUMl.     rDcrinnrn  ]  nii  rurb  nidt>,  entiriv  or  with  h  nballuw 

UoU'h.     FinhdorHitl  A|iiiiA  highcH',  2  t'>  2)  in  bend,  nocoiiil  anal  siduK 

atruntf,  riH-urved.  i\  in  liifail.     (Mit'uviMjtis,  Hilvnry  beluw,  llic  upper  piir1» 

with  ciihli'ii   liiiiKKuilliiaj  alript'*  iilteruittiDg  wiUi  lihiinh  iiilvr>|>aoe<i : 

bdiuT^I  «pvt  largrr  tbnii  t-yr,  l'NlMA<°ui./VTi's,  ITIU, 

ee,  Hcalna  7  ur  8-<X-l|i;   pvclural  ll»  o'B'blni;  HMnnd  anal  uplni';  liody  nitber 

l<w«  it<<op,  the  mdut  a  llttlo  Innunr:  vouiml*  •bortcr   A  \»i\  in  hi'ad  ; 

<ltlIl>rniM^  nJMOiitlally  aa  la  tbe  |>ni«f<liug,  uf  wblob  It  I*  tbo  rai'lHr 

cuoat  niprvni'iilalive.  ruciiTAtJisil,  1734. 

/>(>.  IVirnitl  opItiFa  12:  iiHlnnrii  Jaunioh  iiidv.     rrnlili'witb  ii»1ightd«pnyt»i<jualH>r» 

t)t«ie>n;  necdiidnttal  nptuvmiu-h  lun(;i:r  thiiii  Ihn  third.     (Julorj^rayiNh.  iMdIy 

whlti>:  0  goldim  lon^tiidioal  hiuiiU.  n  bla<. k  sbnoldrr  airnt     TBintiNii  17'J3. 

Aii<-R<«axnr8t 

aa.  (>(^<'lpital  cniat  broxl,  ita  hnnxyeonil)  atmcliirc  plainly'  rxpnuMl  at  ita  iiptH'r  liiiirKin : 

diiraal  iplova  Vl;  Bp<'ri<<ii  wilhoul.  Iilaf  ur  eoldi-n  tnnr)<lDi;i.  '><>l  uilli  iib»itl  {i*-v(in 

hrtiad  hliirk  «rn*a  1iand»  i^rusaiUK   tho  ho<ly:  iiodiatiu-t  aboiiMcr  upot.     Itody 

luiitdi   ccmiprtMwMk;    iliirnal    onlltut*   tttruii^ly    arcboil ;    rontral   itutlitie    iihniiat 

•itraight.    I*T<jtil«<  ttroi^ht  and  Bt«L-p  anti^rinrly.    lociAora  ),  Mxtirt>  or  kIIkIiII; 

<-uwri;iMaUi,  iwrnitu  In  thi>  yuung:  niularH  Id  3  ncriuft  nlravc,  in  2  lH3tiiw,  th<me 

iif  th»  ino«r  Herica  larKpr,  thiwo  brinnd  tho  incUurs  vitj  aniull.     Ilif^hrxt  doraal 

Bplui'  I)  in  hl^ad,  Mi-aml  nnal  Mpini-  nboat  twice  in  head,  much  lon^rr  Uinn 

I  hint. 

■L  tuclaura  hruad,  their  hraadlli  alwat  half  their  Ivngth.     Scalea  &-18-1A. 

PRUBAT'trlPHALm,  1736. 
lU,  Uiciaora  oarrnwer,  their  t>rea<ltli  i\  In  their  leDgtli.    Scab's  7-it-U. 

ABlli*,  1737. 

SubgenuB  3ALEMA,  .rnrdaii  Si  Evrmiaun. 

WSa.  AKIIIIISAIUJI  S  |I\|]|A(ri.AT|:K(III(>cli). 

(SaiJiMA.) 

TTend  3);  ilcplh  2  to  2i;  oye  liirg^,  3J  to  I  ^proorbital,  or  \\  to  IJ  in 
Intcrorbitnl  width.  U.  XIII.  10;  A.  IH,  10  or  II;  ai alM  H  or  !>-J5  to  50-14 
[to  lli.  liuily  riither  ilniip  and  vuinpreaaeit,  profile  roiiii<leil,  8tee[>;  month 
HHMloriilo,  iiiuxilltiry  not  roachiii^  Trout  oT  orbit,  'i  to  3Jt  iu  houil ;  occipitiil 
I'real  tuilior  tlilii,  it.<t  huiii!yi:uiiib  Htracturu  not  rxpoMiMl.  Incisors  }  un 
eftrli  sidf,  <'t)tir«,  or  with  a  Hhullotv  notch;  inoJars  3-rowei|  :iI>ovl>,  It-rotvcd 
Ik'Iow;  j»ill  rnkers  HUiall.  .tbout  ti+S;  cheeks  witli  .'i  rows  oCHcalfs,  Fifth 
iiorM.ll  apine  bighi-xt,  2  to  2^  in  head:  sci-ond  anal  spiun  strong,  rociirved, 
'i  to  'i\  iu  h«<nd;  {HM'tornlH  Ion;;,  rciichiug  to  ituiti  spiuaw,  about  2^  iu  IhmI}', 
viiulrulH  iDoderut«,  t^  to  \\  iu  length  of  buil,v,  not  u(-arly  miching  vctit. 
OlivHrcons,  allvery  bqlow,  the  upper  parts  witli  KuldiMi  lou|;itudinul  atripex 
atUTttfttiiiK  with  bluiith  iiit<'rs|>ai'«K;  ii  hl.ick  hiiinorul  npoi  largrr  than 
•y«.  Wrat  Indies;  uortli  to  Key  West,  south  toKio  Jiin«iro,  vnry  coniiU4in 
ttliont  Kry  West  iiud  Havana;  n-corclrd  by  Gronow  from  .South  I'liroliua, 
bttt  not  at'cu  by  us  from  loculitiea  iiurth  of  the  Klorida  Keys.  («ni»i»CM- 
\miiu,  luirlng  I  spot.  > 


1360  Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Afuseum. 


Sahma,  Uabcoeati,  Hlat.  Plao.,  153, 1649,  Brazil. 

Bream,  Bbownc,  JainRica,4l6,  No.  1, 1750,Jamaica, 

Perca  unim^euUUa,  BLOcn,  lolithyulogisi.  |il.  308,  179*2,  Brazil ;  on  a  fifiare  \>j  Prince 

MADmcs. 
iS^anu  talin,  LaC^pKdb,  Hist.  Nat  Poisa.,  IV,  138, 1803 ;  Uaaod  un  untmoeutadu  of  BLOca. 
Hatfut  hwntri-maeulatut.  QuoY  &  Oaimaud,  Voyago  Freydnet,   Zwil.,  KIT,  1835,   Rio 

Janeiro. 
Sargm  jiarotituatru,  CtrviBR  &  Valknoikhkrs,  Ill«t.  Nat.  PoIm., n,  00,  1830,  Cuba:  (iiiit- 

TOBB,  Cat  Fialicx,  1. 440,  \«>9. 
OynttJut  brama.  GluiNow,  Cut.  FIsllOK,  Kd.  Gray,  CM,  1854.  South  Carolina. 
Sarxmi  caribirm.  I'oeiv,  A1r>iiioriii»,  li,  197, 1H6<),  Cuba. 

aramtniftr*  iinimnenlattii,  HuovH  vV:  S<.-iineiueii,  Syat.  Ichtli.,  IfU,  1801;  aftvr  llu>cn. 
Sary^u  uniwnmitnlut.  Cl'VIKK  Sl  VAI.ENriF.>rNlid,  Uiat.  Nat.  I'oina.,  VI,  CU,  IH30:  UONTUU, 

Cikl.Fl«hix,  t.  446.  \H,Vt.  Kl(ie.NMA.VN  &.  IIl'uilKK.*  Proo.U.S.  Nat.  Uua.  1887,  flt. 
IHploilut  earilimt,  JORbAN  ><l'  GlLKEKT,  Synopisix,  030,  1883. 
DipUdut  flavoUntatuM,  Jobdak,  Troo.  V.  S.  Nat.  Mu».  ]ii86,  43. 
ATthotaryui  unimar»li)(u«,  Jobdak  d^  Fkslcr,  1,  «.,  520. 

i;»4.  ARCIinKlRtilj'S  P0L'BT4Le.SII  (SteiiiilachDer). 

Ileail  ;n\  .leptb  I'J.  D,  XIII,  10;  A.  Ill,  10;  scaloa  7  or  8-18-15.  Per- 
toriU  liii  rearhing  bocoihI  aual  BI•iul^;  Uaily  ratluT  less  il«>oi>,  the  Hiioiit  a 
little  longer;  ventrulo  aliorler,  .'i  to  ■'is  in  h«.'n!;  otlKTwiHc  cssontially  «« 
{u  Archoiargiia  uninKicnliiliiii,  of  wliich  it  is  tlio  F4icillo  coBnt  represcnta^ 
tive.  Giilapa^oH  iHliiiiilHi,  rutbnr  Hi-an-o.  one  Hpecinion  obtaiucMt  by  the 
Alhatrot*  on  Ctiittbaiii  Island.  'I'bti  iltlVureiu'ei)  Itotween  the  jivxr^i/etii  mitl 
uttimacuintui  ate  very  fllj)rlit,  and  might  liu  i^iturcd  were  it  not  fur  tbe 
roiiuoto  and  resJrii'ti'd  babitat  of  tln»  I'ariHo  form.  (To  Loiiijj  F.  do  Ponr- 
tnl68,  a  f^il^nd  and  ntisociate  of  AgaRsi^,  who  wo-h  witb  him  on  the  Haosler 
expedition,  b.v  which  this  tish  was  disi-overod.) 

BarftiapaurtaUtii.  Stkiniucunuh.  FiNolip  Afriiia*,  :tu,  1881,  Galapago*  lalanda. 
ArehataTfU*  jKiiirtaUMii,  Jordan  \  IIOUJIAN,  I'rw:.  V.  S.  Nat.  Una.  lB8a,  186i  Jobdan  6i 
FlBUtB,  i.  c,  021,  UVi. 

1733.  ABCIIOSAitnrN  TICIDKNK  (I'ucy). 

Hoatl  more  than  1;  depth  2,'-,i  in  total  Inngth  with  candal;  eye  3j  in 
head,  I  in  anont.  U.  XII,  10;  A.  Ill,  ^;  niiixillary  extending  to  a  poln^ 
between  tbo  piijiil  and  the  anterior  border  of  the  eye.  Itn-ieora  \  on  each 
side.  Prolilo  with  a  nljiglit  deiircsstan  ;iIk>vo  the  ey«';  eccoud  aiial  spine 
much  longer  than  the  third.     Color  grayish,  brily  whit'O;  M  golden  loiigi- 


•  The  specimorm  pintniiiwl  liy  Elet'nraaun  ami  iliiglira,  now  Wforo  n»,  iliffcr  iWidedly 
in  tbe  pro}>OTtinnA.  the  color,  nnd  tfiit  aiut  of  tint  tr«t)i :  Imt  while  tlit'  (lin'e>rencra  of  tl»< 
extremisa  aro  vcrv  iiiiirk(>il,  tbo  iiiterKruilutiou  is  so  iierTect  tliat  iiu  tuogiblo  «pH<iflc.  dis- 
tinctloDft  CJUi  \»y  miiili>  ouU  \V'<*  liavu  uuly  tlko  ilt^eptir  form  [flavolinentuii)  lr»m  Koy  Weat, 
while  w<>  liav<>  both  fxlrpiin-H  from  llnvjiiiii.  .So  far  n»  wo  ar«  able  (n  Judge  Irom  tbo 
fl};uri'8  and  lliu  dt^'«cn|itii)i>ji,  the  unimaenlatut  of  Bloch  l*L  St'hncidpr.  T'uvipr  6l  Valcii- 
cicnnrA.  und  Jordan  &-  {iillifrt.  Ihit  cnnVrmu  of  Poey.  nod  the  huintri  inacvUihu  Qnoy  it 
liaiiunrd,  rclinvent  tbo  nit<ru  Hlcudcr  t'urni,  wliilr  the  ftariyliurntfu  ('iivicr  A:  Valencieu'nea 
reprcdutiii)  tli>'  di'i'per  form.  Tlio  dilU'n'iiws  of  tlie  ••xtremi'  fonuB  wi-ni  to  Ihj  Lbi-Ho: 
The  deeprr/nrin  Irlnrulinrntm):  The  tnort  tlmJrr  form  yuiUmnrulalMM): 

Uriuitent  denth.  2  in  itnglh.  Grento-it  dcntli,  'Jk  in  length. 

Ventral  uiitliiH'  vt-ry  imich  ronndnl.  Vcutrul  uiiiUnu  u'ino.st  ntntight. 

Dialaucn  from  iuR<<rtiuii  of  limt  doraiU  Plstaiire  from  Inaertiun  uf  llrKt  donud 

a|iliip.  iilj|ii|oply  til  niioiil.  ^\  in  ilrptli.  apinv,  obliiiueiy  tu  anuut,  1  in  depth. 

Teoth  tibeitil  ^  uarron  er  than  iu  liieuiuru 
■lendiir  fonn.  I 

Body  niorv  couipraaavd.  | 


Jordan  and  Evermann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     1361 


tndinal  Imnds;  «  black  shoulder  spot.  (Poc.y.)  Onlm;  known  only  from 
til©  dusoriptioii  r«f  PiH'y.  Its  distinctive  characters  need  veriBcatirin,  it 
beitig  possibly  an  abnormal  apeoiinea  of  Archotargui  unimaculatus.  {iret, 
thr««:  dciiH,  tooth.) 

Sarguji  triiient.  Poey,  KonanieratNi,  57,  1B7r>,  Cuba. 

Artkamtytu  lri<Unt.  Kiuekmann  &  Ul'iillEa.   I'roc.  U.  S.  Nikl.  Mils.  18M7,  70;  J<iUl)AN  It. 
FWLKB,  I.  c.  S2I,  IBS3. 

Subgenus  ARCHOSARGUS. 

1730.  i1I('ll<>KiB0i;S  PKOBATOOKPIIll.l'S  (WalUiini). 

<SirE>KI-HHK.\D;  fiAktIii   KaJADU.) 

Head  3  toSi;  depth  3  to  2};  oye  iilncvd  high,  I  in  htt^tX,  1]^  in  interor- 
bitol,  U  in  suborbital.  l>.  XII,  10  or  Vi;  A.  Ill,  111  ur  U;  8C ales  8-48-15 ; 
month  Inr^o,  warly  horizontal;  niuxilliiry  2ii  in  head;  incisors  J,  entire 
or  slightly  piiuir^^fiuatt',  aerratu  in  t.lio  yomi(f,  broad,  thoir  bruadth  about 
^  their  length;  niolarn  in  3  scrk-H  tibuvc,  in  '1  hulnw;  tbuHt^  of  tho  irjtier 
series  larjjer,  tUimo  ludiiiiil  th«  imisors  vi-ry  Haijtll,  \p\\  nikers  about 
3-|-B.  Ili^hoMt  dorsal  Hpiai^  \\  hi  hi-iid;  dorHiil  :ind  anal  epiui's  notably 
heter.-tcauthouii.  C.'iudnl  not  deeply  farki'd;  second  anal  spiiio  ahnut  -  in 
head,  ninch  longer  than  the  tliinl;  vijutralx  not  nearly  reaching  vent; 
pectorals  n^aohing  pa«t  bo^inuinii;  nf  anal,  slightly  longer  thnn  head. 
Occipital  creHt  broad,  its  honoyt'iunh  Mtnu'titie  ]d:iiuly  exposed  at  its 
nppcr  niargin.  Color  grnyiah,  with  about  7  broad  black  «<roH8  bunds 
ero(i»ing  the  body,  theflc  mont  dtattnct  in  young;  no  distinr.t  Hbouldfr 
spot;  spines  silvery.  Atlantic  and  Gulf  conata  of  thi- Ihiittid  States;  Capo 
Cod  to  Florida  Kf'yx  and  TexuM;  om-  of  thr  nio^t  coiouion  iiml  iiiuat  valu- 
able of  the  food-fishoH  of  our  Atlantic;  coast,  its  lUwh  being  esjiecially 
excellent  in  flavor,     (vp'ifiarov,  sbeup;  xE(pttAi},  liea<l.) 

BpaniM  (Slieepslifuul),  Si'nUi'r,  Schriilen  der  licaollach.  Naturf.  Kreanilc,  vin,  1S2,  1788, 

New  York. 
Sitanit  probiitoetphaUu.  Wauui'M.  Artedi  Piao.,  805, 179S,  New  York;  buArl  on  St'HOpr. 
Spart'M  otierphatut,  Ulo<iu  &  ScnNBlOEK.  Syst.  lobth.,  280,  ISul,  New  York;  biifiod  on 

SciltiPK. 
Sar<nu  aril,  Mrrfmn.l..  Trann.  Lit.  kn<I  Diil.  .Soc.  N.  Y.,  l,  1814.  392,  pi.  2,  flg.  5,  New  York ; 

Cl'ViKK  &  VAl.iaiClKNNK.s,  Hint.  N:il.  PoiSB.,  VI,  5,1,  ISiO:  (tf'WTHItu,  Cat.,  I,  447,  1850. 
Ardiatarfiut  iiTohatuerphntin,  Cn.!.,  Cat.  Fish.  ICiwt  Coaitt  Nurtb  Amcrion,  27,  1X73;  JuB- 

liAS  A  I'KSCKH,  I.  c,  fi22,  1K93. 
Dipiodut  prolxtlocrphalu;  .louUAN  &  (ilUliaT,  Proc.  V.  S.  Nat.  UllB.  1882,  278;  Joroam 

ti  GiuiBBT.  Synoptiia,  h^.  188.1. 


its;.  ARCIIOKiRtas  AUIKS  (Cnricr  dc  VAlenclennea), 

Flrnd3i;  depth  2^.  It.  XII,  11;  A.  Ill, 10;  sral.-s  7-14-11.  Inciaorn  nar- 
rower than  in  .i.  prohatoirphaUiit,  th^ir  Jiri'ivdth  2J  in  their  length,  (iray- 
inh  with  about  6  dark  rroH^bars.  Otherwise  ;i9  in  .1.  prdmloieiihaliis. 
)lnndnrii.N  to  l(rn/il,  rather  rare:  known  rroiii  \{U>  .luniMi-u,  Miiracaibo,  iind 
lleli/.c;  only  the  original  type  Hi'cn  by  as.  It  wotiltl  appear  to  be  clos«<ly 
allied  to  .1.  i>robalocephaliiii,  diatingnisbablc  only  Uy  the  slightly  narrower 
teeth  and  possibly  larger  8c»Iefl.    It  is  probably  to  br  regarded  as  a  goo- 


1362         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


graphical  variety  or  southern  representative  of  the  oommon  aheepehead. 
(Ariet,  the  ram.) 

Satynt  arit4,  CtmEK  &  VALENCntMNIs,  Hist.  TSat.  Foiu.,  yi,  58, 1830,  Rio  Janeiro;  Marm- 

caibo;  GCnthbii,  Cat.  Fiahea,  l,  449:  GCmtbck,  Fisbea  Cent.  America,  S86,  1864. 
Arehotargut  probatotephalui  aritt,  EioEiniANit  &  Huqhis,  Froc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mas.  1887, 69. 
Arehotargtu  ariet,  Jobdan  it,  Fkslrb,  I.  e.,  522,  1893. 

556.  DIPLODUS,  Rafinesqne. 

DipMhu,  lUnNESQUB,  lodioe  d'lttiolofria  Sioiliana,  54,  1810  (annutarif).  . 

Sargu$,  CnriEB,  BAgoe  Animal,  Ed.  I,  272,  1817  {targ%u) ;  name  preoccupied  in  Inaects. 

Body  oblong  or  ovate,  more  or  less  compressed,  the  back  elevated; 
month  rather  small,  terminal,  low.  Incisors  broad,  truncate,  entire;  a 
series  of  smaller  teeth  behind  them.  Molar  teeth  mostly  in  2  or  3  rows. 
No  teeth  on  vomer  or  palatines.  Scales  moderate.  Dorsal  spines  nsnally 
12,  strong,  depressiblo  in  a  groove;  anal  spines  rather  strong.  Candal  fin 
forked;  interhinmals  unmodified;  first  spine-bearing  internenral  without 
antrorse  spine  above;  skull  ospentially  as  in  Archotargut,  the  frontal  bone 
more  cavenions.  (>ill  rakers  short  and  slender.  Branchiostegals  6. 
Intestinal  canal  short;  pyloric  ca>cafcw.  Coloration  usually  silvery,  with 
a  black  blotch  ou  thi^  back  of  the  tail ;  young  with  black  crossbars.  Car- 
nivorous species,  chiefly  European ;  valued  as  food,  llie  genus  Diplodut 
differs  from  Archoaanju*  chiefly  in  the  absence  of  a  procumbent  dorsal 
spine.  The  skull  in  IHplodiiv  resembles  that  of  Archosargns,  but  the 
cavernous  or  honeycombed  structure  of  the  int«rorbital  area  is  still  more 
prominent.    (StitXooi,  Aonhle;  68ovi,tooth,  from  the  two  forms  of  teeth.) 

a.  Scales  large,  abont  56  in  lateral  line.  uolbbookii,  1738. 
aa.  dcales  smaller,  62  to  65  in  lateral  line. 

6.  Kyo  UrKe,  3^  in  head,  1  in  snout.  abobhtkhb,  1739. 

N>.  Kyo  smaller,  4(  in  head,  1{  in  snout.  SABOCS,  1740. 

1738.  DIPLODt'S  HOLBROOKII  (Bean). 

Head  Sf;  depth  in  adult  2);  eye  H  in  he.ad,  1^  in  snout,  or  1}  in  pre- 
orbitul.  D.  XII,  14  or  1.5 ;  A.  Ill,  13 ;  scales  7-56-14.  Body  regularly  ellip- 
tical, moderately  compressed ;  ]>rotile  regularly  rounded,  not  as  steep  as  in 
IHpIodut  argenteut;  mouth  large,  almost  horiz.ontal;  maxillary  not  reach- 
ing front  of  eye,  3jt  in  head;  incisors  ],  inserted  obliquely;  molars  in 
3  series  above  and  2  below ;  gill  r.akerH  i  diameter  of  pupil,  about  7-f-14; 
longeHt  dorsal  H]>ine  2]^  to  2*  in  head;  candal  deeply  forked;  second  anal 
spine  little  larger  tlian  third,  3i  in  head;  ventrals  reaching  half  way  to 
anal  fin;  pectorals  not  reaching  to  first  anal  spine,  3jt  in  body;  cheeks 
with  4  rows  of  scales;  stisel-blue  above,  paler  below,  a  broad  black  bortler 
on  the  operculum ;  a  black  spot  on  tlie  upper  part  of  base  of  pectoral ;  a 
broad  black  bar  extending  across  caudal  peduncle  above.  South  Atlantic 
and  Gulf  coast*  of  the  United  States;  Cape  Hattersis  to  Cedar  Keys; 
rather  common  as  far  north  as  Beaufort,  wliere  the  young  swarm  about 
the  wharvcM.  (Named  for  John  Edwards  Holbrook,  the  distinguished 
author  of  the  Ichthyology  of  South  Carolina.) 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     136.'^ 


I  JkoOraoiii,  Brtx,  Forent  and  8tr»im,  Jiioe  13,  l«7g.  Charleston ;  Bbaj<,  Ftoc.  V.  S. 
Xat-Miu.  1»78.  lae,  JorinAS  4.  OliJiurr,  Pr»c.  U.S.  \nt.  Mus.  \V(^.  379. 
pJnifMJ  ki>&>rO0t>>,  JORIIAN  li:  GlLIIBUT.  .SjTtiopnU.  55(1 ,  ElOKNMANN  4:  HnuiiRS,  Proc.  U.  S. 
Xat-MiiK.  \eXS.  73;  JosiUN  &  Pksi.eh.  I.r.,  534,  l»S>3. 
MplaJuj  taiiufimn^u^,  Jurda.m  Si  GiLBEST,  Synopalii,  i!A,  1883;  yonng;  not  ntudiiiuieu/a 
of  POKT. 

i;S».  DrPLOM'S  ABAK5TICD.S  (CuTier  &  Valeoniemio). 

(SABOO.) 

Ilejid  3i;  depth  1};  eye  3|;  snout  3^.  D.  XII,  \\;  A.  Ill,  13;  scAles 
(MS2-IG.  Hoily  much  comprn.'MiHl ;  iloriiiiil  nntlinc  tiotaltlj  olevatod;  protile 
■lnio«t  BtmiKht,  vrry  steep ;  iiioutli  moderate,  almost  borizontal ;  mnxilliiry 
3^  in  Iirad  ;  iticMon*  \,  placed  lUsin  />.  Iiolbrookii;  molars  in  3 or  1  series ikhore, 
3  or  3  below.  LougeHt  dorsul  spine  2A  in  bead;  ciiiidal  long,  forked; 
second  lUial  spine  luach  stoiitf-r  and  i  longer  than  third,  2)  in  head; 
vcntr&lB  roiuihing  hnlf  way  to  aecoud  anal  ray;  pectorals  reaching  to  (imt 
nniil  apiuo.  Stcel-blne  iihove,  silvery  below ;  a  bluckisli  border  on  the  oper- 
cnliini;  a  black  spot  on  the  nppor  part  of  the  b:i>te  of  pGctornis;  live  or 
«ix  very  nnrruw,  obliijrio  blurkish  eroasbors:  blaek  bur  not  oxtomlliig 
entirely  acroMs  rand al  pednncle.  WeHt  Indies;  Florida  und  the  Bermudas 
son  th  to  Argentina;  here  domribed  from  a  specimen  from  New  .Smyruii, 
Florida,  obtained  by  Mr.  William  1'.  Shannon,  the  only  reeord  ft»r  the 
l^aited  8tates.  The  t>iit!8  of  Sarriim  <iryenteuii  in  the  Museum  :it  I'ariH  are 
tili?uti(ied  ait  beloDxin^  to  the  8;nne  spei-ies  as  tbr  types  of  .Sitnjitf  cnutli- 
mnrula  wbieli  are  in  the  National  Miiseaiii.     {argciiteua,  silvery.) 

Xar!r»«afynt/«»4, Cl'VIeBA  VAl.KMeiKNNKi, Hl«t  Nal.  Poias.,  vi, 00, IB3a, Brazil;  liCinuKH, 

Cat.  n.li««,I,lU;  (UtMTIIsn.  SlMirr  I'lalira,  R.  7, 1880. 
J^ffut  eouaimaxuln,  I'dkt.  Mrninrlaa.  ii,  IIW.  IMO,  Cuba;  Poet.  SynoiixK  31U,  1K68. 
ZHfitodtu  arjfnifvt,  Kiokmiann  &  ItutiBKs,  Prw.  V.  S.  Nni.  Miia.  )W,  7ti;  Jomjak  Sc 

PkbIJik,  I.  r.,  &31,  ItlB'.l:  ISkkji,  Anu.  Miin.  Buviios  Alrea  \WK\  Su. 

i;40.  niPl.OnCN  NiR<M°N(tlBDiuiia). 
(SAUIiO.) 

Tleod  nhont  3i ;  depth  abnnt  2;  eye  4i  in  head,  1|  In  snout,  1  ji  in  inter- 
orhiUl.  n.  XI  or  XII,  12  U>  I,".;  A.  HI,  13  or  11:  scalos  8-<S-Ui;  pectoral 
2)  in  body;  rentrula  1;  upper  caudal  lobe  3ii ;  second  aual  H]>ine  3^  in 
bna<l ;  iticiaors  rather  broad,  implanted  4ibti(inoly  ;  3  or  4  scries  of  niidarH 
above,  J  iir  3  below;  i-rown  of  lir;»d  convex,  a  protuberance  above  the 
anterior  an^jlo  of  the  orbit;  preorbital  not  entirely  rovering  maxillary; 
gill  rakor»  dhort  and  thick,  about  6-f- 11 ;  peetoral  lin  extending  to  origin 
nf  uaI,  ventrals  ueiirly  to  vent.  Color  silvery  or  ahiuiug  golden,  wiili 
many  iiitrrow  longitudinal  dusky  stripes  (K  or  !l  abuvn  lateral  line,  l.'i  or 
l(i  li»|i>\r ),  and  uifh  1  or  .*>  narrow  bbiekish  erosHbanils,  the  lirst  between 
tlie  origin  of  tli><  iloniul  and  tht^  avil,  i'oanl  of  soulliern  Kurope;  unev 
rvrordcd  from  the  HiMmuda^  (Goode);  ku<iwu  to  us  only  from  deseri]i- 
lou*  in  the  American  fauna  on  the  record  of  Dr.  (ioode.     Here  doseribed 

uu  a  apecinicn  from  tlio  Canary  iNlauds.  (En.)  (cdpfos,  §arijH§,  the 
aneient  name  of  »  apeoiea  of  this  gonna.) 


1364  Bulletin  fj.  United  States  National  Museum. 


Sponu torgua,  LnfNiKDB,  %at  Kat^  Ed.  x,  278, 17SS,  Mediterranean. 

SargfU  •aritgatut,  LACtfKtiE,  HUt.  Nut  Foisa.,  ly,  207.  1H4I3,  Mediterranean;  OooDB, 
Cat.  Kish.  II«nunitA,  in  Am.  Jonr.  Sciencu  nud  Arte  1877,  202. 

Sargiit  rnurut.  Gkokkroy  St.  IIilaibk.  Dencr.  do  l'K(fy|>t<>,  Foiiw.,  pi.  xvill.  ftg.  t,  181S, 
Coaat  of  Egypt. 

Sargiu  nmdrUtii,  CuTTBR  &  V AUMCtamitK,  Hint.  Vat  Paiu.,  vi,  14.  pi.  lil,  ItjAfl,  Mediter- 
ranean. 

ttarffuii  ritiila,  CuviXR  Ac  Vai-knciknxes,  II Int.  Nut.  I'uIm..  ri.  48, 1HJ0,  Mediterranean. 

IMploitut  4argiu,  JuRDA.'t  &  l-'B8UClt,  I.  c,  !i25.  18!)3. 

Family  CLII,     M.ENID.E. 
(The  Picakgls.) 

Body  obloni^  or  elongiito,  covered  with  moderate  nr  amall  ciliated  acalea; 
minilli  Tuoileciite  or  Htiiall,  extrenu'ly  jirotractilp,  tho  H]»ini!s  of  the  premax- 
iliarifiH  exttMiding  bnokward  (o  tli©  occiput;  t''etli  mhihI!  or  wanting,  all 
pi)iii(«d;  no  incinora  or  luolura;  dnrsiil  rnntinaon.'i  or  dtvi<tp<t,  th<i  spinea 
very  slender;  preoperclo  cutiri';  iiituHtiiif  aLort.  with  Cow  pyloric  cu'Cii. 
Onmivaroiia  shore  l)Mlit<a,  cliiolly  of  tlio  Old  World.  In  tlio  form  of  tlio 
month  they  prej*«nt  Jiimlogifut  to  the  Verriftti ,  in  othor  reg:ird»  they  closely 
reHeniltle  the  Ifmniiliiln:  Gpimia  I  or  5;  Hpt'ciea about  25.  { I'riitiiiomiilidte, 
6,  in  purt,  Ouuther,  ("iit.  Fisliea,  i,  ;i8(j-3;i6}. 

a,  Jnw8  with  amnll  (oelli.   rlnrMul  tiit  m-iU'Iy  i^niitlDiiiiiin,  ita  rays  XI,  11:  ImmI;  com 
pruftHiMl;  aculcn  mcHloniLt'.  Si'irARA,  £57. 

RtlMELIOHTIIYIK.i;: 
aa.  Jaws  t^HithleaH;  diirnol  Bus  3,  the  apinea  very  slender,  12  to  II  lo  number,  amne 
of  Ihorn  frro:  horly  nloiigale;  lower  pharynuFnis  witli  rnrdiforni  teeth. 

KMMEUrilTHYK.  I>&8. 

557.  SPICARA,  Ra(inesi|ue. 

Bpieara,  AanirKsqUE,  f'arattrr],  «tc,  .''>1,  1810  (/lfiTvo«i  =  «tnaru). 
Smarit,  CrviKit,  Kt^'Kne  Animal,  Kd.  r.  L'Gi),  1817  (nnonV). 

Hody  oljloug,  cnmpreBsed,  covflr&d  with  moderate  or-^mall  ciliated  Hrnles; 
motitli  Niiiall,  extrL'uiely  protnietiU-,  the  spines  of  the  uiaxillariea  ©xteiniiiig 
Itacksviird  to  the  ocnipiit;  vnitir.r  without  twth.  Dorsal  coiitiinioiis  or 
nearly  wo,  itHrnvN  XI,  11.  th(>  npincs  vnry  Hlciider;  proopprtde  onfire;  iiitrs- 
tine  short,  with  few  pyloric  r.ivcsi ;  Hfiilcs  I'lO  to  7ft.  Slioro  iishes  of  tlm  f>ld 
World;  otio  of  them  nn  tloiilitfiil  uiitliority  jiHcrihed  Ui  lh*<  West  IiidifS. 
ThiH  grnii.s  is  cliietly  lanriiii-d  to  tlio  Mcditerraueiin  nnd  iioighljoriug 
wjitors.     (Sj)iciirii,  a  locil  name  in  Sicily,  prohaldy  froiu  njjica,  n  spike.) 

1741.  8PICAIU  aAHTtMCA  (Ciivier  A- Valeociennea). 

Closfly  nllied  to  tlii»  Karopenn  species,  Spicara  «mriri«,  lnit  with  the 
body  rounded,  i'oiii!)re»i«ed,  tho  suborbital  n:irrowr>r  :iiid  more  notchi-d. 
Color  a[>p!»reiitly  plain,  a  siaiil!  h1a<'k  Hpot  on  the  side.  1).  Xll,  II ;  A.  HI, 
9,  (Ciivier  &  Valptniennos.)  W«8t  Indiw).  Thi"  type  of  this  spiicit'.",  t 
inches  loug,  is  reputed  to  have  been  aeut  to  Paris  by  Plc<e,  f^om  Murtiuique. 


Jordan  and  Eventiann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1365 


Very  likely  it  Ih  the  common  Eurojienn  picarel,  Spieara  uninrif  (L.)i  anrt  it 
niiiy  liavo  cmno  fmni  tho  co:i«t8  of  Frjxici'.  Krrnrs  «>f  lorullty  art)  conniiou 
ill  niust'iinis,  ami  the  "Caliiael  du  Roi ''  liiis  not  bi'ou  oxciujit  I'loui  tbeui. 
{Name  from  Iriartiuique.) 

Smarii  umrtinieut,  Cuvibk  it  VALOfClBlTKBH,  UiHt.  Nat.  Polw.,  Vl.  424.  1890,  Martinique. 
HpiMTa  marlmitc,  Jordan  &  Febleb,  i.  «.,  &27, 1893. 

558.  EMMELICHTHYS,   Kiib:u-<iiiuii. 

Ktnuuliehtipn,  RimABumw,  Voyage  Krebnn  itmi  Terror,  Kl»fii'«,  47.  1B40  (iii(i>/n<), 
KrythHehOiif,  Tkumimk  >(  .S^iJUiUKi.,  Kaiiiiu Jnponiia,  I'lilsa.,  117,  \M1  (trhlegtli). 
JtosaudoH,  (UiiHKxoT,  ill  (J.iv,  Hint.  t^lilU,  II,  2<)S,  1<U7  (cyniiMfm*). 
DiplrniffOiuiluM.  ttLEEKKii.  L'uiitr.  IlIiOi.  <'rl<'lin«,  184B  (fanieof^ramnucwr), 
/Herulitf,  PoEr.  Meiiiorluft,  11,  IBS,  \Wa  ivinata\. 

Huily  elongate,  not  luuch  c»in|iroiu<iHl,  i^uverod  with  uioderate  xcalen; 
head  lonj;;  month  iiiuilerato,  uV>lii|iie,  pretnuxilliirioH  exccftsivtily  protnie- 
tile;  teeth  obsolete;  iriaxiltary  bro>i<1,  aciily;  lower  .jaw  ]>riije<'ting;  axil- 
lary BC»Ie  large,  prt'opoiih*  t'lititn  or  aerruluto;  opercli?  itudiug  in  :>  |ioiiit. 
Donuil  flim  se|>arut«,  the  first  with  sloiulor  HpiucH,  1  or  2  of  thwu  Ireu 
from  lueiiibruiic ;  soft  iloraal  sburt  iind  low,  riiikci<l,  with  a.  Hhoiith  of  mcuIus 
:it  buse;  iHitli  tiiiA  jfoiiitiMl  brhiriil ;  iina]  ii|i)iiea  ubML-iin-;  caiulnl  \vid<>Iy 
forked.  Pyloric  cn-cii  few.  This  genus  coiitaiiiH  ubout  T\  B|iecioN,  blight 
colore*]  liHhos,  iahabitiug  rather  deep  wuturor  going  iu  schools  iu  tlKtojien 
Hi'tiB.  Till'  rt|iccie«  are  not  well  known,  iiud  oach  one  of  tbeiii  bus  bi^uu 
lumle  the  typo  of  a  didtiuct  geuuK  by  aiithorH  not  lu^ignaintHil  with  related 
forms.  We  are  not  ijiiite  tertiiin  that  Emmetivlitht/ii  Ih  prior  to  Erijlhrivh- 
Ikgt,  nor  arc  wo  siiro  that  but  oiio  guiiiiB  of  Etiniu'lichtkijimr  ehwiitd  be 
reoognizud.  Our  Bpeciea,  willed  fiiei^miu  {ina-min,  uujinned),  ttgn'e.s  with 
Kmmclicklhfig  in  having  ii  roiindeil  preop«?rt!le,  that  of  Erylhrichlhyn  being 
nearly  a  right  angle.  Erythi-irhthi/ii  bus  larger  Hcalcs  and  a  very  broad, 
scaly  niaxiJUry  JCmtHdirlilhyx  hiix  tho  lu.'ixlliary  moderate,  whilo  in 
Incrmia  itia  figurwl  aa  iiurrow.     (/'»■,  withinj  fiiXa^,  black ;  /^Ol'j,  liah.) 

Subgenus  IHERMIA,  Poey. 

1748.  KMMKLICHTIIVS  TlTTATliS  (I'opy). 

(BoiiA.  I 

Head  I:  d«)'tli*f;  eye  3i  in  head;  snout  3.  I>.  XI,  Ill-I,  10;  A.  111,9; 
ai-ab'H  100.  \'ertehrif  li{-f  14.  IJody  slendor,  fiiHiforui,  bark  rounded,  the 
oection  of  the  body  furnitug  uu  oval  of  which  the  nuiall  diauuittir  ia  J  the 
l«rgi.*.  Miixillary  narrow,  not  wider  than  pii|iil,  itxteiidiug  buyond  front 
of  eye,  about  2^  in  head;  jaws  BJibBipial;  jiremaxillary  proce.fsi's  very 
long;  jawB  without  teeth;  pharyngeal  tc*tli  present;  ])reorlti(.al  raod<>rate, 
I  diameter  of  eye;  preoponde  with  its  vertical  limb  entire,  the  angle 
with  flat,  thin  Kerra.',  the  outline  rounded,  the  bono  cavernoim  auteri<)rly ; 
lower  jiivr  not  cavernous;  opercle  with  a  rough  ]ioiiit;  nostrilt*  Hniall, 
placed  higii ;  lower  jaw  without  pores;  lateral  tine  with  nHli^'lit  keol  pos- 
teriorly.    Body  everywhere  with  small  scales  except   on  tip  of  snout; 


1366         Dullelin  /7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


doraal  liDB  slender;  pectoral  shnrt,  li  in  bead;  veiitralti  moderate,  with 
axilijiry  scales;  vcrticfvl  (iiis  without  Bciili-s  pxceitt  tlm  lilioatb  at  base; 
ciiiutnl  il«>i«]il,v  furkedj  nearly  :m  lon^  :»«  bead,  tliw  niijjlos  |>Qtiited.  Color 
greeiiibb,  MiiiHli-wlilte  below;  snout  yelJowisli;  a  iiroad  li:iQd  of  green 
tinned  witli  y(<ll(»w  from  eye  Ui  tail;  tbrce  Hiniilar  bunds  on  back,  tbe 
iiiodian  nue  moNt  diatinrt  and  iiiosl  reKiiliir;  dorttnl.s  jifilc  yu)to\r ;  caudal 
dusky  violet,  th<'  borders  p.-ilo;  piTtoral  rosy;  veatriiln  ami  anal  \vbit«. 
Cii'ca  5;  iiir  bliiddor  very  Hitiall.  LoiiKth  H  iaubcs.  Jlavatja  (I'uey.) 
Very  rare,  but  ucciLMioiuilly  viHJtiiig  tbf  uoast  of  Cuba  in'groat  achoida  in 
December.     {nlti»t»*,  ntriped.j 

Inrrmia  riUoiu.'PutY,  MnmoriM,  Ii,  IU3,  18A0,  Havana. 

KmmfUchthiii  viltahiJ).  PoEV,  S;ni>ii><la,<12a,  1808. 

ErythrielUhu*  rittata;  POBV,  Enumtiriitin.  49, 1875 ;  JobdaH  A:  Fbsuek,  1.  r..  628,  lain. 


Family  CLIII,  c;KKKI1)-K. 

(TliK  M<.UAltt;Ati.} 

HiKly  oblotjuor  i«l«vati'il,  «ouii>r*.'.8«(!d,  rovori'd  with  Ijir^i',  wiuootli  scaled; 
larerul  ]in»  t'outiniioiiB,  coii<.'iirri':it  vvitb  tbe  back;  uiouth  luoderato, 
extremely  (irotructilo,  dtwc-endinn  wIumi  protruded,  the  spinas  of  the  pre- 
masillary  nxttnidiiig  1«  aliove  tiye,  {.dosing  it  dcyp  jiroovc  in  I  bo  iop  of  head; 
iiiaxilliiry  without nupplementiil  bone,  not  wltppiiij;  iiiidi-r  tbn  vory  narrow 
preorbital,  its  siirfave  .^lilvery,  like  the  ru^tt  of  tlir  biMd;  biiHC  of  mandible 
(ii',<Lly,  :i  Hlit  Ixvtweuti  it  .itid  tlie  prt-orbitnl  to  pemitt  its  jVuu  uiution  ;  both 
jawH  with  Blmidvr,  villiroriii  teetli;;  no  mriKors,  i-auiiieH,  nor  nudjirs;  no 
tei'tL  on  voxnor  or  p:ilatines;  ]in-o[H'rile  entire  or  st-rrato;  sides  of  beaii 
scaly;  nostrilB double,  ronud;  pseiKiobniiiebiii'  cotu-oukMl;  i;ill  rakoTHMbort, 
broad;  gill  oienilnanes  Hopuriito,  free  from  the  itttbiiiii.vi;  dorsal  tin  single, 
cuutiniioiiH  or  <b>n]>ly  notched,  the  Hpiriuiis  and  tsolt  portions  alxnit  «-t|itiitly 
develiiped,  with  a  scaly  xlicatb  alon^  the  b:ise;  dorsal  siiiiii-H  nxiially  9  or 
10;  anal  iiaiially  witli  3  HiiiueH,  tbe  soft  purtiou  of  the  liii  similar  to  the 
Hoft  dorsul  but  almrter;  vciitriil  liuH  tlioraeic,  I,  o,  rather  cloi»e  togotbet, 
slightly  behind  peetoraU;  bran>'hioNtegH)H)>;  lonnr  pharyngeal  boues  cloao 
together,  often  appearing  to  bo  united,  the  teeth  blunt;  air  bladder  pres- 
ent: pyloric  ou'cariidinieiitary ;  vertebrie  10+14  24.  Oviparoii*.  Genera 
S  or  K;  spfscies  about  40.  CiirnivorouH  liHbes  of  moderate  or  small  aiza 
iiiliiibiting  the  tropical  sw.ih.  They  differ  ronsiderribly  in  form  and  in 
devpl«(niRMit  of  spineB,  but  the  iiitergradutionn  are  very  perfect,  go  that 
but  for  the  osteologicitl  petulinritieB  of  certain  species  all  lui^lit  be  placed 
in  one  geiuiH."  The  larger  siMM-iea  are  imed  as  food  :>nd  iire  of  oxeelleut 
davor.     (tlerrUiu:  (iiinther,  Cat.  I'inhes,  iv .  2'>2--2lU ,  ISta.) 

a.  tlorHal  fin  i-oiiliuttuiia,  ilucpiv  rioi<  Imi 

b.  S«c'onil  iDlirltrt'iiial  siiino  aiuciilarly  ilcvclopcd,  its  a  liullow  oyllader,  comiiani, 
tivoly  Hhftrt  iu\<\  nnicQi  I'xj^iiTMli^fl.  (tir  poMtrrior  ciifl  nf  tlip  air  Ii1nd<1cr  outer, 
ing  iu  cavity;  prea|>i.T>'Ii'  and  iirrorbilal  untirv;  luial  apliipa  3,  Uie  tieoand 
not  mnch  eolareod.  ErcuiosTomm,  809. 


*Kor  doacriptlnns  and  comnlote  ajrDanjtny  of  the  apecjca  of  tlda  famll)- 
TcrmiuiD  &  Meeli  tu  Prou.  Ac.  Kat.  Sci.  Phila.  188S.  25S-2T2. 


•ee  p>p«r  by 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1367 


U>.  SMond  int«-ha-mal  spine  nomudly  deTe3o|K»d,  not  hollow,  ilio  nJr  bluddsr  not 

entering  it. 

e.  Second  iutorbH>iDal  npino  rcry  aliort,  Ijlnntiali ;  aaal  »p1o«a  Z,  bath  ■mall; 

proo|n.>rrU»  hu«I  pp'orliiljil  outiro.  Ul-JKMA,  B60, 

re.  Second  iuterlioDniuJ  «iiijio  lung,  sjieurHliniiKil ;  anul  apiueo  3  or  3,  the  weond 

aularged. 

if.  Pr«up<>rali!  Hutlre;  seoiud  MiiU  »piiio  moderate.  XrST^Biu,  561. 

rfd.  Prooporcle  Mmte;  g<vt>ncl  unnl  npitin  muoh  enl»rgod,    Oebkkh,  562. 


559.  EUCINOSTOMUS.  lliiird  A  taranl. 

(Mo.lAKItlTAS.) 

Rvrinattinnut.  .fliiiio  A:  GliiAlin,  Ninlli  Sinitli.  Rejiorl  1856,  »)  (ar^jtHttm). 

Ititerhiruial  bone  of  tlie  Hecoud  auul  spitio  greatly  ii]«Hlif'K><I,  L>\j»aiuloil 
into  a  hollow  cylinder,  iut<>  which  tbo  pu»tt>riiir  rml  of  tlw  nir  bludder 
enters.  I'reopenio  aud  (ireorliital  eiilite;  bndy  coiiijiamtively  olougnte, 
8u)i«Ilipti('al  in  fonn ;  mini  H^iiiicN  3;  the  seioiul  imal  Hpiiiti  mid  J'ourth 
diir»4il  Hjviiio  not  (^rcutly  oiilitrfj^ed,  .SjierieH  nuniorans  tii  wiirui  Ai''aj«,  re- 
markable for  thi'  atructtiru  of  the  ticcoud  ititerhn'iiibt,  \\bi<'b  is  roriiu'd 
Bouiewbat  as  iu  Calvmu*,  but  iiiuch  more  iiiodilliMl  than  in  the  lutter  Keniia, 
(iu,  well;  Ktvi'a,  Utmore;  6rufia,  mouth.) 

a.  Premaxillar>'  groove  wliolly  naked,  linear  or  lemioTal,  gometlmwi  vonatriclaii  at 

bane,  but  never  ttcaled ;  iinal  ray*  III,  7. 

b.  Eye  very  largp,  iU  diameter  iiiiicli  urcuter  tban  li<ngTli  of  nnoul,  2|  In  length  of 

bead.    £ipu«ed  portion  of  mnxillary  huiiiII,  triangular;  preniaiillary  grwive 

linear.  Iiowi,  17411. 

lib.  Kye  uiodi  rate,  UHiially  mure  tliau  .1  in  iicad,  its  diameter  nbuiit  equnl  to  length 

of  anoiit.    Expuitcd  portinu  of  inaxillary  triangular  iu  fraot,  oUong  biOiind. 

e.  Body  viougale,  the  bni-k  littln  el<<viite<1;  greatest  depth  :<|  tuDJ  in  li'ngtb. 

Aoal  apinea  amall.  the  aerond  ij|  in  length  of  head.     FVCPlKxiru..  1744. 

e<i.  Bmly  more  com  preMedr  deeper,  the  hack  more  elerated;  gi««t«at  depth 

2f  in  leueth. 

d.  8nont  blunt;  e3'o  large,  ararcely  3  in  head:  aef^ond  anal  aplne  large, 

2|  to  3^  In  head ;  preniuxillar}'  grvuve  linear.    iiAaEKiitTLCg.  lUb. 

lid.  Snout  Ices  blunt;  eye  not  m>  largo,  mure  (ban  3  in  hciid;  itvciiud  nnal 

apine  abiirtor,  3\  1»4i  lu  lioiid;  the  preraaxlllary  t;ri>iive  Itcooni 

iug  broudi-r  with  sgi-,  linear  in  the  young:  apiniiim  dorsal  lilacli 

at  tip,  eapeciolly  in  the  yonug.  CAI.irtiKN'lF.TiSiiS,  ITIfi. 

■A.  PrmUkXiUary  groove  acsled  In  fnml,  the  acalr>a  l<>avlug  a  naked  pit  bebiod.     Ihiptb 

S]  in  length;  bend  3  to  3i  in  length  of  body.     Second  anul  aplne  nlwnt  S^  iu 

head.  OD-t-A.  1747. 

i;«3.  Kl'CINOHTO'JICfl  0OWI  ((ilU). 

Head  3^;  depth  3;  i\vf  lar^o,  2|  in  lieml;  snout  3^,  uiul  iiit«*rorbital  3^ 
in  bewl*.  ncftl<^8  5-15-I(•.  Body  riithur  .sleucliT,  roiu))res8(Hl,  ulliptienl.  bark 
little  elevated,  bead  Hat,  with  u  sli^^bt  d<-pru.sKiuii  above  front  of  orbit. 
Mftxilliiry  triangular  utid  siniill,  the  wiiltii  lit  the  ]>nKt«rior  end  bt^ing  {  the 
leugth,  which  is  about  ^  diniiieter  of  fye,  also  ^  leugth  of  gecoiid  dofHiil 
spine.  Preorhitul  and  prcoperele  eutiru,  .Secuud  and  third  durHul  opines 
about  equal,  the  third,  perhaps,  slif^ht!)  longer,  IS  in  bead,  nil  weak  and 
flexible.  8ecoud  anal  flpine  relntivfrly  HtninK,  third  weiiker,  bnt  slightly 
longer,  ii;  ba«e  of  anal  1}  to  2^  in  length  of  head;  lesat  depth  of  caudal 


1368         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


pednncle  2}  in  head ;  pectorals  about  |  length  of  head,  their  tips  reaching 
vent;  ventrals  Ij  in  bead,  reaching  abont  it  distiince  to  vent.  Premaxillary 
groove  narrow,  osnally  linear  and  naked,  and  not  extending  qnite  to  the 
vertical  of  center  of  pnpil.  Color  silvery,  with  bluish  reHections,  darker 
above  lateral  line;  tips  of  spinous  dorsal  black;  ventrals  dusky;  a  black 
supraorbital  spot;  caudal  dusky;  body  covered  with  very  fine  dark  punc- 
tnlations.  Length  3  to  6  inches.  The  specimens  here  described  from 
Panama.  Pacific  coast  of  tropical  America ;  Galapagos  Islands ;  Panama. 
Specimens  very  similar  have  been  taken  at  Key  West  and  Havana,  but 
these  may  be  referable  to  Eucinostomu*  harengului.  (Named  for  Capt. 
John  M.  Dow.) 

Diapltrut  dotui,  Glix,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1863,  162,  Panama.    (Coll.  Dow.) 
Oerret  dowi,  BvBBMAMN  &  Mekk,  in  part,  i.  c,  259. 

1744.  EUCIN08TOMIJ8  PMEUDOtiULA,  I'ooy. 

Head 3i  to  3^;  depth  3^;  eyeSJi  in  head;  snout  3^^;  interorbititl  width 
St  D.  IX,  10;  A.  in,  7;  scales  5-49-9.  Body  elongate,  elliptical,  not 
much  compressed;  back  little  elevated;  profile  evenly  convex;  top  of  head 
little  convex;  mouth  rather  small,  end  of  maxillary  reaching  slightly 
past  vertical  from  flrout  of  orbit;  length  of  maxillary  3|  in  length  of  head, 
its  exposed  portion  nearly  triangular  and  abont  j;  length  of  head,  its 
greatest  width  i  its  greatest  length;  proorbital  and  preopercle  entire; 
snout  not  much  point«d,  conical ;  clieekH  each  with  3  rows  of  scales ;  7  gill 
rakers  below  the  angle.  Dorsal  spines  all  weak  and  flexible;  second  and 
third  subequal,  1]^  in  length  of  head;  base  of  anal  2  in  length  of  head, 
spines  small,  the  second  the  stronger,  its  length  4}  in  length  of  head,  about 
equal  in  length  to  third  spine  or  slightly  shorter;  least  depth  of  caudal 
peduncle  3  in  length  of  head ;  tips  of  pectoral  tins  reaching  vent,  their 
length  about  3;;  in  length  of  body ;  ventrals  1}  in  head,  their  tips  reaching 
}  distance  to  vent;  premaxillary  groove  long,  linear  and  free  from  scales. 
Color  greenish  above,  with  bluish  reflections,  silvery  below ;  snout  black- 
ish ;  tips  of  spinous  dorsal  black ;  pectorals  pale ;  dusky  in  axil ;  ventrals 
and  anal  pale;  caudal  reddish.  Length  2}  to  7  inches.  Here  described 
from  BjiecimenB  from  Havana.  West  Indies  to  Brazil,  not  rare ;  Bermudas ; 
Cuba;  St.  Lucia;  Bahia.     {ipevdrf?,  false;  gula.) 

Eueino$tomu$  piewdogtila,  Poet,  EnnmeraUo,  S3,  pi.  1,  1875,  Havana. 

Oerreii  jonni,  GCntiibb,  Ann.  MRg.  SaX.  ni«t.,  UI,  1879,  150  and  389,  Bermudas. 

Oerret  pieudogula,  Eveumahn  &  Meek,  I.  c,  260. 

1745.  ECri\OSTOXi:.S  IIABENOrLDS,  Goodo  &  Dcnn. 

Head3ito3i;  depth  3  to3J.  D.  IX,  10;  A.  111,7;  P.  15;  V.  1,6;  C. 
-)-17+>  Scales  5-44-10 ;  diameterof  eye  exceeding lengthof  snout,  3  times 
in  the  length  of  the  head,  and  c((ualiug  width  of  interorbital  space;  the 
groove  for  the  processes  of  the  intermaxillaries  naked;  gill  rakers  small, 
about  4-|-7;  free  portion  of  tail  longer  than  high;  least  height  of  tail 
equaling  length  of  sixth  dorsal  spine;  third  dorsal  spine  longest,  its 
length  twice  in  height  of  body  and  equaling  length  of  head  without  post- 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann, — Fishes  of  North  America.      1369 


orbital  portion;  last  dorsal  spine  equaling  leugtli  of  second  anal,  aboat 
ociualing  length  of  Knout,  nnd  alxxit  \  q»  long  aa  tbo  third ;  firat  (lorttal  ray 
fully  H  times  aa  long  it.s  lirst  dors.il  spine;  Hououd  anal  sjiiiie  stronger  and 
shorter  than  third,  ita  lougtii  'A^  iu  length  uf  head ;  third  anal  K]iine  c'ou- 
taiued  3j^  times  in  length  of  iioad;  caudal  forked,  ItH  length  slightly  leas 
than  length  uf  head,  and  very  little  greater  than  ]ent;tli  uT  pectoral;  thi> 
pectoral  reaching  to  tho  p«'rjii'ndictilttr  through  origin  of  soft  dornal;  ven- 
tral half  as  long  as  heiid;  voni  under  thc'  Hec<»ud  ruy  of  the  soft  dorsal. 
The  hack  with  a  slight  tawny  huu,  interrupted  !i«  it  blonds  with  the  white 
of  thf  siiles  by  5  or  li  indistinct  Hcollopy  iiu'uraious  of  tln'  body  color,  giv- 
ing the  upper  part  of  the  side  of  tin-  lish  a  marbled  appeiirancu.  ((ioude 
Sl  Kean.)  Atlantic  coast  of  tropical  America,  common;  known  from 
western  Florida,  Key  West,  Jamaica,  Sunto  Domingo  and  Babia.  (dimin- 
utive of  ^ircn</i«,  herring.) 

£uetnMl<Hiiuj  har«n9iil<u.  Goons  &  Bban,  I'roc.  17.  S.  Kat.  Uiu.  187)1, 132,  West  Florida. 

(Typo,  No.  5145,  \'.  S.  N.  M.    Ooll.  Ktti»cr  U.  Martiu.) 
Qrrru  hartnj;ulHi,'  JORDX.v  tc  Gn.iiEsr,  Syii»|>sij<,  581. 


1746.  KUCtNOSTOMliK  CAUFOR^IEXHIH  (Gill). 
iMojABRA  CAXTILKSA.) 

Hea4l  IH;  depth  2i  to  2f ;  eye  not  very  large,  its  diameter  :i\  in  head; 
snout  m  in  hea<l.  Dorsal  IX,  10|  A.  111,7.  .Scales  5-l.'>-'J.  Hody  ellip- 
tical, oomprewed,  back  modrrntely  elevated  ;  anterior  prolilo  little  convex, 
not  very  steep;  snout  rather  ])(>intod,  month  moderattt.  niaxilhiry  reaching 
almust  to  vertical  from  front  of  orbit,  its  length  W  in  Icnglli  of  head;  ex- 
posed portion  of  maxillary  triangular  in  front,  oblong  behind,  its  width 
2  in  ita  length,  which  is  1}  in  lcn;;th  of  head;  proorbilal  Jiiid  ]>ronimrclo 
entire;  premasillary  groove  long,  tim'ar  and  naked  in  young  Bpecinieus 
(t/racilin),  becominR  in  older  examples  {califorHicnnin)  more  or  less  ovaj 
and  sometimes  forming;  a  rounded  pit.  In  the  crRaium  the  groove  is 
always  linear,  this  variation  being  dne  to  thangcs  iu  thc  llesh  and  sktn. 
(iill  rakers  small  and  weak.  T  below  the  angle.  Dorsal  spines  weak  and 
llexiblii,  the  longest  4}  to  :.'/.,  in  besid ;  ventral  fins  short,  their  tips  reach- 
ing about  halfway  to  anal,  their  length  1  !f  in  head  ;  pectorals  slender,  their 
tips  reaching  beyond  vent;  length  of  pccturals  ribout  equal  to  head;  ven- 
triils  an<l  caudal  mostly  cnverml  with  uriiiill  scales:  other  lins  naki'd. 
Color  in  life  silvery,  greenish  above;  snout  and  upper  part  of  uaiidul 
ilaaky;  spinous  dorsjil  pnnet;ite  at  base,  nsiinlly  jibrii])tly  black  at  tip, 
-Mpeciully  in  the  young;  Ihe  d:uk  area.s  Hejvnrated  by  n  tniiisiiareut  hori- 
zontal bar,  tlie^te  markings  wanting  in  soiiio  speciincnii,  ])eTli:ip'<  r<Mii,'ilet< ; 
■oft  dorsal  punctate;  cuudiil  with  a  faint  dusky  margin;  v^^utrals  pale. 


•  tn  thp  pnpor  on  tbt*  gena*  by  Krermasn  Sc  Mii-k  c  Proo.  Ac.  Nat.  Sol.  Phila.  1880,  Ml}, 
Otrrf  '  '■',  hji  repraiciitcil  by  Mpt-ciincDH  friiin  Fluriilu  and  ('iibft,   Wtt»  refcrrrd  U> 

thc  ,■<■  ili«  went  ioa«t  f^urinnHitmiiM  aracilin  (eaUfornimrii).     The  two  Hneclm 

«'r  •  I  liitwt     A  i.'omjiiirlnoii  "1'  xiK-cliU'-im  «ho«  »  iliut  liareiijiului  lias  a  lilunlcr 

•  1    iviKii  litrgpr  py.  Miiil  Urger  nn.il  npinon  tlino  c^i'i/iTJuVjiyiji.     Eye  2^  in1n>»di 

•  I'liihl  .iniLi  flpiDri  2f  to  r)^  iu  hejtd  iu  hnrrifjnttit  trom  Kny  WeMt  (3^,  3j.  4|  In 
I  it  from  GuaymaA).     It  in.  bowrvor,  notHlunvs  ponaihlo  to  illatiagiMnh  harm 

giitm.  I't  iiiltfffuta.  i/raftlis,  tali/ortiUniU  and   dotci,  and  pt^rhapn  nil  may  prorv   to  l>o 
vmrietlca  of  ime,  E.'  eali/vTniciin». 

3030 » 


1370  Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 

Length  3  to  8  inches.  Pncitio  coaat  of  Mexico;  excessively  common  in 
shallow  bays,  and  entering  streams;  known  from  Onaymas  and  Cape  San 
Lucas  to  Panama;  once  taken  at  San  Diego. 

Diaptenu  taU/omientit*  GllX,  Proo.  Ac.  Nat  Sci.  Phila.  1862,  245,  Cape  San   Lucaa. 

<CoU.  Xantn*. ) 
Diaptenu  graeitit,  Gill,  Proc.  Ao.  Xat.  Sci.  Fhila.  1862,246,  Cape  San   Lucas.     (Coll. 

Xantas.) 
Otrrtt  einerttu,\  Tar.  nor.,  Eioknman'n  St.  EioBimurN,  Amer.  Natnraliat,  Feb.,  1891,  IK, 

San  Diego.    (Coll.  Eigenmann.) 
Qerre$graeiUt,  Evebmann  &  Mbek,  1.  c,  261. 
Otrre*  ctU\fomientU,  Evksmann  &  Mebk,  I.  r.,  263. 
Bueinostomu$  etUifomitntii, ',  Jokdan,  Proo.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  1895,  46S. 

1747.  EUCINOSTOMUK  GCLA  (Cavier  &.  Valenctonnea). 

(SiLVEB  JENNY;  MOJABRA  DE  LlY;  PSTITE  GUBCLB.) 

Head  3jt;  depth  2i;  eye  3  in  head;  nnont  3i;  interorbital  width  3.  D. 
IX,  10;  A.  Ill,  8;  scales  5-42-9.  Body  elliptical,  compressed,  back  moder- 
ately elevated,  month  small;  end  of  maxillary  reaching  slightly  past 
vertical  from  front  margin  of  orbit;  exposed  portion  of  maxillary  nearly 
oblong,  its  width  about  2  in  its  length,  which  is  from  4  to  5  in  the  length 
of  the  head ;  preorbital  and  prcopercle  entire.  Gill  rakers  small  and  weak, 
7  below  the  angle;  premaxillary  groove  scaled  in  front,  the  posterior  part 
naked,  forming  a  sort  of  pit ;  longest  dorsal  spine  1^  in  head ;  second  anal 
spine  shorter  and  stronger  than  third,  its  length  abont  3i  in  bead ;  ventrala 
reaching  nearly  to  vent,  their  length  1}  in  length  of  head;  pectorals 
reaching  front  of  anal,  their  length  abont  3  in  length  of  body.  Second 
interhffima)  hollow  and  enlarged.  Color  silvery,  greenish,  darker  above; 
no  distinct  longitudinal  lines  exi-opt  in  very  young;  upper  margin  of 
spinous  dorsal  more  or  less  black ;  dorsal  and  anal  fins  dusky,  other  iins 

*  The  foUowiDK  18  the  siibatance  of  Dr.  Gill's  description  of  E.  ealifomientit: 

neudSJ;  (1ci>tU2)  iu  yuung.  D.  IX,  10:  A.  Ill,  8.  Scales  6-44-13.  Caudal  pednncle 
slender  and  attounated  at  middle.  The  diameter  of  eye  2]  times  (.09)  in  head ;  snout  31. 
Interorbital  area  |]atteue<l,  groove  for  the  posterior  procesHca  of  premazillarioa  broad, 
soaloless,  semioral,  and  rparhing  vertiral  of  ends  of  maxillaries,  ex]>osed  portions  of  max- 
illaries  convex  above,  semivonlate,  twice  as  long  as  broad.  Lateral  line  sigmoidally 
cnrvod.  Second  and  third  dorsal  spines  nearly  equal,  5^  in  bwly,  IJ  in  bead,  nesrly  twice 
as  long  as  last  spine.  Third  anal  spine  larger  than  second,  shorter  than  Inst  dorsal  one, 
and  4  in  heati.  Caudal  J  longer  than  head,  equaling  pectorals,  and  twice  as  long  as 
ventrals.    Color  silvery,  with  stcel-lilnc  rettections  alwve;  the  tins  Immaculate.     (GiU.) 

t  A  specimen  taken  at  San  Dicgoand  recorded  by  Dr.  Eigenmann  as  "  (Itrrti  einernn,  var. 
nov.,"  seems  to  belong  to  A'Hfi»io»«OT«iM  faW/unnenjM,  Ilr^idSJ:  depth2j:  scales  6-45-10; 
eye  equal  to  intororbltal  space,  5  in  head;  maxillaryjustrearhine  front  of  eye:  predorsal 
distance  2\  in  leugl  h :  caudal  tin  slightly  longer  than  head,  second  anal  spinu  sliort,  abont 
Skinhead:  ventrnl  tins  1)  iu  he.id.  Unrk  ininctiilations  every  where,  except  on  ventral 
surface:  no  dark  liitenil  bars:  upper  portion  of  spinons  dorsal  tin  blackish:  all  the  fins 
finely  punctate,  the  jiectorals  least  so;  n  dark-blue  axillary  spot.  Length  about  7  Inches. 
San  Diego.     (Eigeumaun.) 

;  "  EunnostomH$  ealiJomifHti*  is  generally  common  along  the  west  coast  of  Mexico, 
from  (iuaymas  to  I'anaiiin.  It  is  proliBbly,  however,  not  found  in  the  West  Indies,  :he 
closely  related  Eueinoslomui  harenffuliit  being  apparently  adi&'ereut  8|)eciea.  The  i^peci- 
mens  called  eali/ornifntit  by  Gill,  having  the  premaxillaiy  groove  semioval  or  U-shaped, 
seem  to  reprcjsent  the  adult  of  this  species.  Tho.se  called  gracilit.  with  the  ureniaxillRry 
groove  linear,  are  the  young  or  half  grown.  Still  others,  especially  adults,  have  the 
premaxillary  groove  round,  forming  a  pit,  and  every  intermediate  character  may  be  found. 
At  first  we  thought  it  posxiblc  to  xeparate  califomirntit  and  graeilii  as  distinct  species. 
The  careful  reexamination  of  some  200  specimens  leaves  us  wholly  unable  to  separate 
them,  as  all  grades  of  variation  occnr.  Api)arcntly  the  premaxillary  groove  is  linear  in 
the  young,  growing  broailer  with  age,  but  the  changes  very  irregular.  The  name  £tKino- 
ttoinui  eali/oruifnn«haa  priority  over  A'.  (;raciK»".    (Jordan.) 


Jordan  and  Eventtann. — Fiskcs  of  North  America.     1371 


pale.  The  form  of  this  gjiecii-H  r<i«ombl08  that,  of  Eiieino»U>mus  mli/orni- 
entu,  but  the  body  is  .always  less  elongate  than  iu  the  l!itt<'r.  The  form  of 
its  preniaxillary  (Jtdovo,  dillerin;;  from  that  of  any  <>th4>r  8]icpiw,  afforils 
tiie  best  character  for  dietinclion.  Ciiruliiiii  to  lirii./il,  the  yomij;  rimginn 
north  to  WiHxis  fTole;  excessively  coiiinion  everywhere  in  whrillow  waU*r 
and  on  aaudy  ahorua,  as  ia  itt*  contfent-r  I'ltliforttieniii  in  the  rjicilii.'.  It 
rencheo  a  length  of  4  or  5  iuchos,  ttud  is  used  ouly  for  bait.  The  utily  ape- 
cic>R  ranging  far  northward,  (guhi,  throat;  fmrn  the  comniuii  name  Priile 
tiuriile  at  Martini(iae.) 

OtmBgvia,  CPVIBB  Si  VALSNClEMlflia,  Hist.  Nat.  TniM..  \i,  VA.  IKVO.  Martinique;  GCKTiren. 
Cat-  Fiibe*.  i,  3M,  1868,  and  iv.  2».  1803:  Evbhma.vn  U  Mekk,  1.  «..  IU. 

Eucini'tlomtui  argmlrus,  BAIRD&  OlRARD,  Ninth  Sniitb. Report  ISSS,  3<5,  Beesley  Point, 
New  Jersey.     (C<ill.  Itaird.) 

t^iteiHOktomuii  tpUula,  Vok\.  KDiiini'ratia,  54.  pi.  2.  1875.  Havana. 

Diapltrui  homnnymut,  (joouE  A:  ItEA.N,  F'riH-.  V.  S.  Nol.  Miia.  1879,  340,  Clearwater  Har- 
bor. Florida.     (Type,  No.  23«30,    CoU.  Dr.  Velle.» 

Urrrei  argenbm*  oad  AomonymM,  Jobdar  it  OlLBBKr,  SyDOiHiia,  S6t. 


S6o.  Vl^JElAA,  Jordan  &  Evermann. 

TTla-ina,  JoBSAX  &  EveRWAKW,  Pro*.  Cal.  Ac  Sci.  1S05. 171  iU.frmji). 

This  gcnns  Is  close  to  EtieiiiOfit(>mus,  from  whicli  it  dilliprB  in  tho  form  of 
the  second  intiTha'iual,  which  in  «h«rt,  liliiutii<li,  autl  not  hollowod  out. 
Tlio  single  kno'iVTi  species  is  slender  in  form,  with  w«ak  spines,  the  anal 
Hu  having  but  2.  (01U05;  entire;  al'tia,  hlnndj  for  interhn-iuiil,  the 
int«rhiDnial  being  entire  and  not  cnp-shapfid  at  its  upper  end.) 

1T48.  CLUSA  LKl'ROVI  (iJoode). 

Ilead  3i  to  3i;  depth  »i|;  eye  large,  2}  in  heati;  snontSi;  interorbital 
width  3;  scales  5-17-9.  D.  IX,  10.  A.  II,  8.  Body  elongate,  elliptical,  not 
Tery  strongly  rotupre-saed  ;  bark  little  elevated;  snout  cun it- al,  nrit  niii«'b 
pointed;  mouth  Huni]l,4'nd  of  maxillary  reaching  scarcely  beyond  vertical 
from  anterior  margin  of  orbit,  its  length  S  in  length  of  head,  expitscd  )ior- 
tion  nearly  triangular,  its  greatest  width  2  in  itu  length,  whicli  is  .'<  in 
length  of  bead;  top  of  bead  llattish;  preiuaxillary  groove  loug,  litn'nr  ami 
naked  :  gill  rakers  weak,  small,  7  or  8  beinw  the  ungU; ;  dorsal  sptues  all 
weak  and  tb-xiblc,  second  and  third  siibuiiiiiil,  k  in  length  of  lienil,  ivpprr 
margin  of  the  tin  concave;  HPcoiid  iinal  spine  modcrat"',  its  length  4  in 
head;  ti-iist  depth  of  caiKliv)  pi'ditticlt*  ItJ  in  U*ngtb  uf  head.  Color  sihery, 
darker  above,  evi-ryvrhere  with  lino  dusky  piinctiilutiims  and  trail's  of 
<Tos8  bnrs;  top  of  apiiioiis  dorsal  tdack;  dorsal,  uual,  and  candHl  dusky; 
veutrnls  and  pectorals  pater,  but  with  dnsky  punctiilations;  axtl  dusky; 
a  dark  spot  on  supraorbital;  suont  dusky  ;  no  distinct  stripps  along  rows 
of  scales.  Length  2  to  8  inches.  Well  distinguished  from  /■,'irci'n(>«(omu« 
lnffM(lo;i"^a  and  other  ri>lat-ed  species  by  the  preaence  of  but  2  anal  spines, 
a  character  which  reappears  in  the  very  dilTercut  speoios,  flerre*  rhombeiu. 
A  much  more  miirknl  charncter,  however,  is  found  in  tho  small,  soliil  in- 
terh)i-mal,  whi'-b  i.'^  wholly  nnlike  that  of  Kiietnotlomtii.  West  Indies,  on 
saud^  shores,  north  to  Cedar  Keys;  known  from  the  Uermndas,  Cuba,  Key 


1372         Btdletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


West,and  Cedar  Keys.  (Named  for  "MaJ.  Oen.  J.  H.  Lefroy,  F. B.  S.,  goy- 
ernor  of  the  Bermudas,  a  gentleman  of  woll-known  soientiflo  attainments 
and  repatatioD,  wbo  whil(«  doing  so  much  for  the  social  and  political  wet- 
far<«  of  the  islands  is  also  taking  au  active  part  in  the  deyelopment  of  the 
Natural  History."    Goode.) 

IKaptena  U/royi,  Goode,  Anier.  Joar.  Soi.  and  Arts  1874, 123,  Bermuda* ;  ETUOUim  & 

Mkkk,  ¥roc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Pliila.  1886, 259. 
Eueinottomui  produelut,  Poet,  Enutueratio,  55,  1875;  and  Ann.  Lyo.  Nat.  Hiat.  N.  Y. 

1876,  Havana. 
Eueinottomut  Ufroyi,  GOODB,  Bull.  U.  8.  Nat.  Maa..  T,  39, 1876. 

561.  XYST.SMA,  Jordan  <&  Evermann. 

(MaiARRAS  Blancab.) 
Xyilttma,  Jordam  Sl  Kverhann,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  1895, 471  {einerev*). 

This  gcnns  differs  from  (lerret  in  having  the  prt-opercle  entire.  The 
body  is  compressed,  but  not  greatly  vlevati^d,  and  the  second  anal  and 
fourth  dorsal  spines  arc  less  enlarged  than  in  Oerre*.  Tlio  second  intvr- 
hiemal  is  long  and  8])ear-Bhaped,  not  hollow,  and  not  receiving  the  air 
bladder,  its  structure  as  in  Gerre*.  One  specios,  widely  distributed. 
{^v6r6v,  shaft  of  a  Hpear ;  aJua,  blood,  for  interhtemal.) 

1749.  XT8TXHA  CIlfBBEDM  (Walbamn). 

(MOJABRA  DB  CASTA;  MOJABRA  BLAMCA;  BBOAO  SHAD.) 

HeadSi;  depth  2^  to  2};  eye  about  3.^  in  head;  snout  3^;  interorhital 
width  S.t ;  scales  6-45-10.  Body  compressed,  elongate,  back  moder.itely 
elevated,  the  dorsal  profile  being  evenly  convex;  month  moderate,  the 
maxillary  extending  but  slightly  beyond  the  vertical  at  anterior  margin 
of  orbit,  its  exposed  portion  triangular  in  form  and  twice  as  long  as  wide, 
its  length  being  contained  five  times  in  that  of  the  head;  preorbital  and 
preopercle  entire ;  premaxillary  groove  broad  and  free  from  scales ;  gill 
rakers  weak,  7  below  the  angle;  distance  from  end  of  snout  to  dorsal  fin 
2\  in  length  of  body;  second  dorsal  spine  longest,  about  1}  in  head  and 
not  mucli  stronger  than  the  others;  all  the  dorsal  spines  are  weak  and 
flexible;  general  outline  of  the  n]>per  margin  of  the  spinous  dorsal  falcate; 
second  and  third  anal  spines  snbe<]ual,  second  2|  to  2}  in  length  of  head, 
the  pectorals  scarcely  reaching  anal,  their  length  being  contained  3  times  in 
that  of  body;  ventrals  contained  1^  times  in  head,  and  scarcely  reaching 
the  vent.  Color  silvery,  with  bluish  reflections  above;  sides  with  7  or  8 
broken,  blnisli  vertical  bars,  about  equaling  jiupil  in  width,  most  distinct 
in  life,  and  present  at  all  ages;  no  dark  stripes  along  scales;  dorsal  and 
caudal  fins  dusky;  other  Uus  pale;  ventrals  with  a  few  dark  punctula- 
tions;  axil  dark;  eye  white;  spinous  dorsal  and  ventrals  golden  in  life. 
Length  Vi  to  15  inches.  Both  coasts  of  tropical  America,  and  the  West 
Indies,  north  to  southern  Florida  and  Lower  California;  generally  com- 
mon in  waters  of  moderate  depth;  entering  rivers;  a  good  fish  of  con- 
siderable importance,  being  much  larger  in  size  than  species  of  Gnrei. 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1373 


Known  from  HaTiui»;  Jaiuaioa;  Martiniqnp;  RahamoB;  Barbodon;  Flor- 
ida Keyt;  Maratltui;  Uio  Presidio;  liuateuiala;  rauuiua;  Chiapas,  (oine- 
mt*.  wthy  tn°»)% ) 

Tnr-i:.  .■,,., ,^„,  ,..li,iiii*  {theUhmA).  CAXmaT,  Nat.  Hist.  Cnrollnii«,  olc,  1731,  Bahamas. 

IT.  iPM,  .Irtedi  Pkai'iiim,  23H,  I7»:,  Bahainaa:  an<>r  CATIilliY, 

Of  I  R.  Roenv  Animal.  Ed. 2,  it.  SUl.  Wit.  ImwciI  uo  CMKSiBT.  Ci; Villi  A- 

V  M«.M  i«..'<.<iifs  Hl»l.  Nat,  Piilaa.,  vi,  401,  lg30. 
0*nu  irbra,  Mt'iLKU  i!t  Trom'IIEi..  Scliombiirgk,  lUnt.  IlarlMMlus,  M»,  IMS,  Barbadoa; 

nrirrnRU,  Cat.  FialiM,  fv,  254,  18«i 
timn tifwxmipinni*,  U(  :>>Tiii;R.Cat.Fii>li(»,  i,  340, 1856.  Jumaica;  Guatemala,    ((.'nil.  Dr. 

I'anivll  aod  Mr.  Pniiik.) 


'"llirrNL* 


562.  GERRES,  Cnvier. 

(MlMAICKAS.; 


t.*  Ctrmw,  lUgoe  Anim.,  Eil. :,  n,  104, 1820  (Hnra<u«,«t(>.>. 
XNapMriM.  lUixXAWt,  Nov.  Coinniont.  Ilnncvti..  v.  Iri41,340  ^auratnt). 
OKoekoHum.  i;a.vtoii. Cat.  Malti.van  FialiM,  55. 18.'>0  (UHtiitiu,  rtc.);  anlMtltato  for  Otrrtt, 

Ccnut,  ivipuiled  by  Cajttob  na  preoccupied  by  OerrU,  Fabkicics,  I7M,  •  genua  of 

inareta. 
Mokarra.  Post,  Rnnmemtio.SO,  1876  (rhominau 

Set'ond  interbifinal  long  and  spaikr-ahnped,  not  exoavatc<l  and  not  receiv- 
ing the  end  of  tlie  air  blailder;  pr<-o|M-rcle  serrate;  l>od.v  blevated  auil 
inure  IIP  le«a  rlioniboid  iu  foriu,  the  third  or  fotirth  dortutl  spine  and  the 
wound  .tnal  spine  more  or  lera  elevAt«d.  Specien  nnmeroiiB.  (fiirren,  an 
old  niuiidi  nscd  by  Pliny  lor  souie  lisli,  perhaps  n  Spicarn,  "FniiMje  G«rrt* 
»nt  inutjies  Mimaa.    Odor  imptidicnB  urcei  sateliatiir.") 

a.  PrwrUilAl  entire ,  00  diKlinct  dark  atrukkn  Alonj;  tint  rownofscalisa. 

XoiLUiRA  iMoJurra.  Spaoinli  naiiic,  frnm  mmitr,  Latin  inu<i>r,  woman). 

tt.  Anal  apiiioo  2  only,  tlie  aun  mys  0;  awuud  dorsal  apinp  abont  II  in  head  -.  aorond 

asa]  apine  1| :  prrmaxUlar)-  Kroorii  broad,  acaleleaa  1  body  derp. 

BBOMBEua  1750. 
DlAPniatr«  <(iii,  dividcid,  irr'^r,  tin) : 

ttb.  Aaal«piiifmU   anft  ruvn  i). 

f    Vrrutn  ■  .  o  l>road.  triuipilar  or  oral,  and  free  from  «oalo«. 

rf.  I"  '  'iutliii<'«i>iii<:vrbatr«Eiilarl\  eUiptl<-al,d«iitfa2iinU-ngth. 

.....  ^...  ..,.. iii'nfileiitlrr,  lint  llttiif  ticxililt^,  tlir  HiN-utid  «f:iircely  Htritu^r 

Mtan  till'  lliint,  2  in  ImicMi  <><   l>viul.    S«i'.und  and  tliird  aual  apinra 

•nbciinal,  2J  in  loiiKlb  of  bead,  .'tooond  atronger  than  Iblrd. 

AI7BSOI.U8,  17BI. 


ablialml  by  Cnvier  in  tliuttfoond  tMlilinn  lt^tiH^  IN 
i0po«l<>«  aa  vnnnit'Tatt'il  l*,v  Itirii.  i7i"/fi/'(*if4.  (h/.-kii.  <r 


.1 


Miii'.irtl.  lln'rr(i<rx%  Im' '  I' 

■'#  on  auratnfi.  n  .-^itt^'icH 

In  IXJO  Ihv  nnnx'  ^'al- 

.'.irdwl  an  prtMHTiipiiMl  U^ 

■  {  ^iinvotm.  _Tlit«  nariM*  f'litock- 

hy  the  ruli*ii  ftiliiiwtMl  Ijv   iii*. 

'   ■  liw.     Ill  ililTrtrnI  iiuliliraliiitia 

JllitMi^h   II    In  llfil   11(11.  iif  (*ii\-|r'rV  nri|;iiiiil 

'"m  ft  Mil  t^flfin  htfnmii.   »l«M  i(\  lii;4  f,lti\mrri 

TKIIIK       Pi.lJ''.   .  .'.     r.i.      111.        llli..     .A    .!•<'-       t'l 


irotk  n  t>uiu '.  or;Tia{H)Ukl  t^x.ii  tiv  uiLltflic  riAtihtnl  tUitfs  itf  l*i>i  y  auj  OiU.     Xlua  liiL't 
CCdaliltr  jtlallBoa  ua  In  rbooalng  linfotut  a*  tlio  ty |it<  nf  ttir  tfcnua. 


1374         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 

dd.  Body  rhomboidal,  short  and  deep,  with  angular  ontUnes,  the  deplh 
usually  more  than  4  length ;  spines  long  and  slender ;  iieoond  dorsal 
spine  1  nr  more  length  of  bead ;  second  anal  spine  more  than  ) 
length  of  head.  pcbdviaviw,  1752. 

ee.  PiemaxiUarj  groove  broad,  oval,  and  covered  with  scales  (these  some- 
times  deciduous  in  poorly  preserved  specimens).  Anal  rays  HI,  8; 
second  don>al  splue  1}  iu  head;  second  anal  spine  11  in  b«sd;  teeth 
rather  long  and  slender.  oUBTHOaTOMtm,  1753. 

Gbbbkb: 
on.  Preorbital  serrate;  a  distinct  dark  streak  along  each  row  of  scales  on  back  and 
sides;  body  rhomboidal,  with  angular  outline*;  spinea  very  strong;  anal  rays 
UI,  8  or  9- 
e.  Scales  moderate  or  large,  34  to  39  in  lateral  line. 

/.  Spines  moderate,  the  second  dorsal  spine  }  to  )  length  of  head. 

g.  Pectorals  short,  barely  reaching  vent ;  second  dorsal  spine  If  in  head ; 
caudal  shorter  than  head:  lateral  stripes  few;  depth  about  2j  in 
length ;  39  scales  in  lateral  lino.  bbbvimahus,  1754. 

gg.  Pectorals  long,  about  as  long  as  head;  caudal  longer  than  bead ;  sides 
with  numerous  dark  streaks  along  the  rows  of  scales ;  body  deep, 
the  back  elevated,  the  depth  2  to  2}  in  length ;  dorsal  and  ventnila 
more  or  Iras  dusky. 
h.  Pectorals  as  long  as  head,  not  reaching  front  of  anal,  3  to  3}  in 
body ;  scales  38;  longest  dorsal  spine  1|  in  head. 
{.  Third  dorsal  spine  rather  longer  than  second;  10  rows  of 
scales  between  lateral  line  and  vent;  opercle  with  few  if 
any  small  scales  at  base.  LnncATtrs,  1755. 

a.  Third  dorsal  spine  not  longer  than  second;  11  rows  of 
scales  between  lateral  line  and  vent;  operole  with 
nmnerons  small  scales  at  base.  bbasiuamcs,  1756. 

Ml.  Pectorals  very  long,  i  longer  than  head,  2}  to  2|  in  body ;  sec- 
ond dorsal  spine  longest,  1^  in  head;  scales 85. 

KNBBTX,  1757. 

//.  Spines  very  high,  the  second  dorsal  spine  longer  than  head ;  second  anal 

spine  about  equal  to  length  of  head ;  lateral  stri]>e8  very  distinct,  about 

12  in  number;  depth  of  body  2i  in  length;  pectorals  very  long,  2|  in 

body:  scales  37.  PLUKIBBI,  1758. 

ee.  Scales  small,  44  in  lateral  line.    Second  dorsal  spine  about  as  long  as  head ; 

depth  of  body  2)  iu  length;  lateral  stripes  faint.  icuciCAlfCB,  1759. 

Subgenus  MOHARRA,  Foey, 
1760.  fiERBES  BHOHBEVS,  Cuvier  &  Valenciennes. 

Head  3^;  depth  1-^;  eyv,  3^  in  head;  snout  i;  interorhital  width  3i; 
scales  5-38-10.  I).  IX,  10;  A.  II, !).  Body  much  compressed,  rhomboidal 
iu  form,  the  back  much  elevated;  profile  evenly  convex  to  supraorbital, 
where  there  is  a  slight  dei)re88ion ;  snout  somewhat  pointed ;  mouth  rather 
large;  end  of  maxillary  reaching  to  vertical  from  (-enter  of  pupil,  its 
length  3  in  head;  exposed  portion  of  maxillary  oblong,  its  width  about 
2|  iu  its  length,  which  is  4^  in  head;  gill  rakers  stronger  than  in  gula 
or  olisthotiomun,  18  below  angle;  premaxillary  groove  broad,  oval,  and 
free  from  scales;  pectoral  tins  reaching  to  front  of  anal,  their  length  3  in 
length  of  body;  ventral  tins  reaching  beyond  vent,  their  length  4i  in 
length  of  body;  second  dorsal  t<])ine  stronger,  but  short-er  than  third 
and  fourth,  its  length  about  4^  iu  length  of  body;  margiu  of  tin  falcate; 
suborbital  entire;   preopercle  entire;   caudal  peduncle  2|  in  length  of 


Jordan  and  Evennann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     1375 


bend;  ikiiiil  BpineR  constantly  'i  in  tminlier,  the  secvod  1}  in  length  of 
head.  Color  silvery,  with  biaiah  rolJoftitms,  darliiT  above  ;  margin  of  dor- 
•ftl  tiu  black;  tins  rather  pale;  vcntritls  nud  anal  with  dusk;  puuctuln- 
tiona;  enoiit  dnnky;  no  distinct  durk  lines  iiloug  the  rows  of  scales. 
Length  %  to  10  inches.  West  ludivtt  and  AtlaDti<.-  coast  of  tropical  Amer- 
ica; generally  t-iNiimon;  known  from  Jamaica,  .Sikn  iJomtngu,  Martinii|Ue, 
Puerto  Ciibtillu,  lluvanti,  Aspinwall,  Rio  Mugdiilcna,  Santa  Lucia  and 
Bakia.  Easily  known  by  the  presence  of  but  2  anal  spines.  Irhoiubeut, 
rhombic.) 

Otrrei  rhombeuii.  CliviKB  ii  V AJXKriUSHtUl,  Hint.  Kat.  I'oIm.,  VI,  4M),  IKIO,  Martinique; 
San  DemiBro;  UCirruu,  C«t.  FislieA,  t,  Ml,  and  iv,  263 ;  Kvuuu.hn ii  Mrkk,  L  c,  aes. 


Subgenus  DIAPTERUS,*  lUuiaui. 

17SI.  UEBBES  ACSEOLUK,  Jordu  &  Oilbort. 

Head  3;  depth  2i;  eye  3i  in  bead.  D.  IX,  10;  A.  111,8;  sealesSo.  Body 
ovate,  iniicb  compressed,  the  back  elevated,  the  outlines  nearly  regular; 
outline  tilung  base  of  una)  very  obliijue,-  caudal  pHduurle  very  whort  and 
deep,  tapering  regularly  to  base  of  tail ;  suuiit  rather  pointed,  projecting, 
the  interorbital  area  strongly  depressed;  maxillary  long,  reaching  to  a 
point  midway  between  front  and  middle  of  pupil,  the  exposed  portion 
narrowly  oblong,  its  width  about  if  its  length;  teeth  slender,  in  narrow 
bands;  groove  on  top  of  liead  for  prfmaxillaiies  si'uleless,  triungiihir, 
reaching  u  point  opposite  middle  of  eye,  its  width  in  front  |  its  It^ugth. 
Eye  very  large,  its  diameter  greater  than  suuut  or  than  interorbital 
width.  Preopt'rcle  with  angle  produced,  the  nuirgiu  Hharply  and  finely 
Berrat49d.  (iill  rakers  very  short,  nut  jr  di:iiijoter  of  pnpil.  !^e:ile!i  uiodor- 
ate,  in  about  I  rows  on  the  cheek;  lateral  line  running  high,  hut  little 
arched  miu'h  above  axis  of  body,  oven  on  caudal  peduncle.  Dorsal  spines 
slender,  but  little  flexible,  the  second  scarcely  stronger  thau  the  others, 
about  us  long  lut  the  third,  ^  as  long  as  head;  <lurs>tl  Ituii  separate, 
notched  to  the  base,  tht<  upper  outline  »f  Kpin<iua  portion  very  oblit|Uc; 
caudal  deeply  forked;  anal  low,  the  second  8)dne  a  little  lon^^er  and 
noticeably  stronger  thau  the  third,  2'i  iu  head;  soft  rnys  jtosteriorly  not 
rising  above  theirbosal  sheath  of  scales;  veutruls  reaching  well  jmst  vent, 
their  length  moru  than  \  head;  pixturals  long,  aa  long  um  head,  reaching 
slightly  beyond  origin  of  anal.  Color  in  life,  light  olivaceous  above, 
ailvory  below;  sides  with  distinct  tinge  of  pale  yellow;  fiim  all  yellowish; 
vertical  lins  margined  with  black,  the  i^piuoLts  dorsal  with  a  jet-black 
blotch  on  tip  of  membrane  of  anterior  spines;  nienibrane  of  each  spino 
and  ray  of  the  dorsal  with  a  distinct  Jet-lduck  spot  at  its  base;  ventrals 
yellow  on  terminal  portion  of  outer  rays  only,  the  very  tij)  of  these  white ; 
tip  of  snout  dark;  opercular  inonibrauc  yellowish  al)Ovc;  lips  with  some 


*  Diapttnu  i*  tliuti  (U-ftmil  liy  KjtDXUii : 

"Caput  brnve  frouB  ba«i luiu-jiva,  rustrum atteuiiattim.  nrntcs tnAXlUarCH tnluiiUiutliiil, 
at<|lieooofrrli)i8iiiii,  Meinliruiia  l>r)«Di')ifiMUsida  DFpteni  rniliin  fiileilii.  <'urpus  vidUe  ciiiii' 
lireuom  kt  «lvvatuiii.     .Sveuudu  pinuii  tlorsaUs,  nee  iiiinli.i  in  piaiiriinx  iliviitii. 

Qu|d«  geocrU  uuu  utatuni  spwie* adhoo  oiibi  Inoutiiit,  <iuiiu  nppolsvi  XHvpterum  mum- 
turn,  (^usque  ItnAgioeu  verbli  Dime  ozprimere  oonabor," 


1376         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 

yellow.    Punama;  only  the  original  type,  Scinches  long,  known.    (aNreo- 
lu*,  gilded.) 

Qtrrtt  aurtt^ui,  Jordan  It  Gobbiit,  Bull,  i,  TT.  S.  Fish  Comm.  1881  (1882),  328,  Panama 
(ColL  C.  H.  Gilbert) ;  K VBRMAjni  &  Mbbk,  1. 1.,  266. 

17fi2.  OEBBES  PEBUTIANUH,  Cnvier  6l  ValeDoiennea. 

(MOJARRA  DB  LAS  ALBTAS  AHABUXAS.) 

Head  3;  depth  2).  D.  IX,  10;  A.  Ill,  8;  eye  3  in  bead,  snont  slightly 
shorter ;  pectorsil  equaling  head ;  vontrals  1^ ;  Borond  dorsal  spine  Ij^^ ;  second 
anal  spinu  1^.  Body  rhomboidal,  short  and  deep,  with  angular  outlines, 
the  deplih  usually  about  half  length;  preopercle  finely  serrate;  edge  of 
preorbital  entire;  spines  long  and  slender;  second  dorsal  spine,  when 
depressed,  reaching  to  the  base  of  the  third  or  fonrth  dorsal  ray;  posterior 
outline  of  spinouH  dorsal  deeply  concave ;  pectoral  long  and  falcate,  reach- 
ing past  front  of  anal ;  second  and  third  anal  spines  about  eqnal  in  length, 
longer  than  the  soft  rays,  and  when  depressed,  reaching  past  tip  of  last 
ray ;  ventral  spine  reaching  vent,  the  rays  reaching  midway  between  vent 
and  anal  spines.  Premaxillary  groove  broad,  triangular  or  oval,  and  free 
ftom  scales.  Color  silvery,  without  dark  streaks  or  bars ;  fins  pale ;  candal 
and  anal  yellow.  Paciticcoastof  tropical  America;  very  common;  known 
ftom  Mazatlan,  Salina  Cruz,  Chiapas,  Panama,  Payta,  and  Guayaquil. 
Length  5  to  8  inche-s. 

Oerrtt  pentvianut,  Cutieb  it.  yAl.BNClK.<nrX8,   Hist.  Kat.  Poiss.,  ti,  467,  1830,  Payta, 

Northern  Peru;  Evbhmann  &  Meek,  i.  e.,  266. 
Oerrei  brniTo$trU*  Sauvaob,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  Paris,  in,  1878, 208,  Rio  Guayas,  Equador. 

(Coll.  Andre.) 

1768.  eEBBK8  OLlSTHOSTOlUH.i  (}oode  &.  Bean. 

(IRIBH  POUPAMO;  MUTTO.N  FUH.) 

Head  3 ;  depth  2.  D.  IX ,  10 ;  A.  Ill,  8 ;  scales  5-.37-9.  Body  rhomboid,  short 
and  deep,  the  back  elevated,  the  anterior  protilo  short  and  very  steep ;  mouth 
rather  large;  teeth  slender,  brush-like;  preorbit«l  entire;  preopercle  and 
interopcrcle  serrate ;  groove  on  top  of  head,  for  reception  of  premaxilla- 
ries  broad,  rounded  behind,  with  a  median  linear  depression,  its  surface 


*  Otrre$  brrviroiiri*  ir  thus  describi'd ; 

"  U.  IX,  lU;  A.  Ill,  8;  L.  lat.  40;  L.  trans,  -fi.  Hantcur  dn  corps  rontenno  denx  foi« 
dans  la  longueur, oamlaltt  iion  comprisi!;  longneurdolat^tetmisroisotdenihtans  la  niAnie 
dimrnxiou.  Ligno  roHiro-dursnle  tr(>Hin('liui''t<,  coniuio  dsnii  la  (jfiTMpItimirri.  Muneau 
obtna,  plus  court  que  Tii'il,  dnnt  1«  dianit'trc  est  comiiriH  troiH  foiH  dnDH  l.i  luiigacur  de  la 
t*te;  espaco  inlon)rbitairemoius  lar^oquol'oiil.  FniccHnuHdcrinttTroaxillairedepuurvii 
d'6caillGB  et  se  prnlouKfsut  ]iroHiim'  luKqu'uu  niveau  du  bord  po8t6rionr  d«  I'lril.  Douxi- 
6meet  tniisit-mc  Opines  dorsali'M  uc  iiirme  liautfnr,  anxMi  liauti-aqaela  distance  qniii(^p«n( 
I'nxtr^'tnit^  dn  museau  ilu  burd  du  prpoprrculf,  ayaiit  la  nioiti^^  do  la  hantcur  dn  curps. 
DenxiJtme  ct  troiHit>inc  ('-pineR  anales  prcsquo  dc  mcmc  hauteur,  plus  court  as  qne  la  sm-nndo 
6pino  dorsale.  Caiidali;  fort<-mcnt  (•(■Imncri-c.  Pectoralwt  arrivant  prcsque  i\  I'anale. 
Cloloralion  unifomic.  Voisinodu  (lerrrtrhombeuii,  octteeapoce  s'cn  distingue  par  le  protil 
rostro-doriuil  eucore  plus  iuclinu  et  par  la  position  do  I'u-il.  cutamant  retto  lignc  rostrale. 
Kio  Guayas  (Equiiteur):  Andre.'     (Sauvage.) 

t  Very 'close  to  (lerrea  oUtthnitnmvt  is  the  s|te<'ios  described  Trom  Braxil  under  the  name 
of  DiapUrut  auratti:  liansaiit's  liguro  shows  a  liiiiKpointi'd  snout,  longer  than  cyo; 
back  eloratoil :  Iieail3|;  depth2;  eyeinhcjid  32;  second  (lornal  spine  1  J:  second  anal  spluit 
21,  shorter  than  third;  pectoral  reacliiug  second  anal  spine,  sllglitly  louder  than  head; 
caudal  eUglitly  shorter  tnau  head ;  scales  41.    1).  IX,  10;  A.  Ill,  8. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1377 


completely  coTered  with  Hin;ill  cleciiluoiiB  Hcalea  which  extend  forward  to 
jnst  behind  tiostrilfl.  Eyu  inoderntv.  <<ill  rakers Biuall,  about  1-1  on  lower 
part  of  arrh.  Jiorsiil  gpint'S  high  anil  strong,  the  serond  uenrly  or  quite 
an  long  bh  heiul ;  second  aniil  spine  very  strong,  ^  or  innre  length  of  head ; 
third  Rpiiir  gliglitly  longer  tliiin  second  and  very  Hlendor ;  caiidal  loheH  long 
mid  Filt'iider,  »  little  longer  thtiii  head;  pectornl  long,  Tiearly  as  long  as 
hi-nd,  refti-liing  front  of  mini.  Color  Hilvory  oliviiccoiis;  scalen  with  faint 
silvery  xtroakit,  but  no  dark  ouoa;  lina  uioally  pale  or  vellowiMh,  tho  vcn- 
tralasomewbatdiiaky.  Luugth  13  incliBM.  Went  Indies,  north  to  snutheru 
Florida, south  to  ISra/ih  rntht^r  coninioii;  niucli  re(«emb]iug^it7T<'«rAonibeM«, 
with  which  it  has  been  confoiiiiili>d,  bnt  that  spccios  has  alwayt^  2  anal 
spines  and  the  preinaxillary  groove  entirely  naki-d,  ( t'AtcfOo;,  slipjiuriness ; 
6Tofta,  month,  from  the  protractile  jaws.j 

arrrf  tAMhoitoma,  Goons  &  Bkam,  Proe.  D.  S.  Xit  Mn*.  1882,  423,  Indian  River, 
Florida  (Typv,  No.  25118.  Coll.  R.  E.  Barll) ;  EVKKMAin*  li  ]lB£K,  (.  o.,  247 ;  KvBB- 
MATIN  Sl  Beau,  Finlios  of  lodl&n  River,  in  Henato  Doc.  M,  Mth  CongreM,  3d  MMi«iun, 
23,18B7. 

Subgenu*  OERRES. 

1764.  OICKBK.<«  BKETIIirAKVH,  Giintlier. 

Read  3i;  depth  21;  eye  ^  in  bead.  H.  IX,  10;  A.  III.S.  Sra]e8B-39^11. 
Hack  much  lower  than  in  G.  Hneatux,  and  tlie  peeturiil  litis  very  much 
shortrr,  tbi-ir  length  I J  in  hi-ad;  caiidnl  3  in  body;  frontal  groove  hro:id 
and  naked;  ]ireorhital  very  little  siTrate,  alinoat  entire;  |)reopurch- weakly 
serrate;  second  dorsal  Hpine  Ijl  in  head;  second  anal  nplnc  1|;  teeth  Hniall 
and  short.  Colorution  of  G.  lineutui,  the  dark  atreaks  fainter;  iio  bla^'k 
on  base  of  i>ectiiral,  or  oti  lower  tins;  Npinons  dorsal  ilusky  above,  ((iihi- 
ther.)  Pacific  roant  of  Mexico;  only  the  original  type  from  Chiapas 
known.     (br«ri«,  short;  manut,  hand.) 

ijerra  lirrvimanii*.  CiCSTUBK,  Troc  Zool.  Soo.  Loudon  1884,  1S2,  Chiapas;  EVEBHAXN  & 
Mkkk.I.  c.,2T0. 

17ftS.  OKBRKS  LIKKATUH  (Ilitmboldt). 

(M0.IABRA  I'lllKA.^ 

Head  31;  depth  2t.  D.  IX,  10;  A.  III.  8;  Hcalos  6-34-10;  eye  3t  in  head; 
snout  3t ;  pectoral  /(,  longer  than  head;  ventrals  1^;  seooiid  dorsal  spdne 
H;  second  anal  spine  l\.  Preorbital  tinely  serrated;  snout  scarcely  qh 
louga«  the  eye;  groove  f<.>r  the  prcm.ixillary  processes  very  broad,  scale- 
loss,  extending  backward  to  the  vertical  from  thi-  center  of  the  eye;  uper- 
ole  with  3  or  4  rows  of  larg'.'  scales,  few  or  iiosiuall  scales  along  its  anteritj-r 
edge;  dorsiil  fin  notched,  the  last  spine  being  not  nnich  lunger  than  the 
eye;  dorsal  spines  gtnnig,  the  second  as  long  iin  the  head  vvilhiMit  snout, 
third  8pini>  nsnallya  little  longer  than  the  second  nf  the  dorsal  fin;  Hecoud 
and  third  anal  spines  aliniit  i'i|tial  in  Iciigtb,  longer  than  the  soft  rays  and 
rc-ichiug  to  the  onil  nf  last  ray  when  depressed;  the  pectoral  extending  to 
the  vertical  from  tho  tirst  .anal  s))im>;  caudal  deeply  forked,  with  tbelobea 
equal  in  length  to  each  other  aod  to  the  pectoral.    A  blackish  streak  along 


1378  DuUetinif;,  United  States  National  Museum, 


each  seriea  of  acales;  tlio  hinder  side  of  the  axil,  and  Bonietime8  the  inte- 
rior, blackish;  vcutra.lM  more  or  less  dnsky.  Leugtb  8  to  13  inch«8. 
{IKntaUit,  atreuked.)  West  Coiiat  of  Mexico;  a  food-tiBh  of  some  impor- 
tance; generally  commoti;  knowu  from  Maxutlau,  Acapulco,  Son  Ulae, 
and  Chiapas. 

.Siimrit  Unfotvf,  HrMHOU>T,  Obi»r».  Z<hi1.,  ii,  18S,  pi.  16,  1*07-1034,  Acaputco.     (Coll. 

Alex.  Vfin  lIiinit>i>Ult.> 
Orrrct  axiUarit,  Ol'NTiiER,  Proc.  Zool.  8oe.  Loudou  18M.  1U2,  Chiapas. 
Otrrei  tintaliu,  Evkkmaxn  &  Ukbk,  I.  c,  209. 

1766.  OERRGS  RRAKILUif  US,  Cavter  &  Valeodeonea. 


(Patao.i 

Head  3?  ;  depth  21 ;  i-yr  suiall,  3^  in  bend;  snoTitSA.  I).  IX,  10;  A.  Ill,  7 
or  H;  Hcales  ."i-IJS-ll.  Body  cunipreBsed,  rlionibuidal,  back  very  much 
L'levuted;  protile  nearly  strai^'ht  frutu  sptuous  domil  to  premaxilltiry 
l^rouvo,  where  there  is  a  Hli^ht  deprciigiou;  snout  conical,  bluntish;  leu 
acute  tlinu  iu  a.  Uncatut;  mouth  nitbor  l;iij;e;  inaxilbiry  reachiu^hlightly 
beyond  the  vertical  from  anterior  margin  of  juipil,  its  li'nj;th  2<  in 
lent^th  of  head;  exposed  portion  of  maxillary  oUIoiik,  ita  width  '2i  in 
it-a  len;i;tb,  its  leii};lli  i^  in  !cii;;th  nf  head;  prcorbitsil  and  preopertle 
serratts  pri'iiiaxillary  groove  liroael,  narrntvcd  posleHurly,  entirely  frro 
from  sciili's;  open-le  with  4  or  T>  rows  of  seabw  heNldu*  tiauHTOiis  small 
ones  at  its  anterior  iHlgi.<;  j^ill  rakiTH  short  and  wfiik,  11  below  the  angle; 
dorsal  spines  rather  st.roug  and  ntill',  second  and  third  aubc<]ual  in  leug;th, 
the  se<'i>ud  much  the  stronf^er.  iit  leuxt  nut  longer  than  third,  its  lou^rth  1{ 
in  lentfth  of  hi-ad ;  upper  niiirgin  of  dorsal  fin  falcate;  second  and  third 
anal  spines  subetiiial,  Che  si'cciihI  much  thi^  stronger,  it^i  length  I ;  in  length 
of  head;  least  depth  of  raiidjil  peduncle  1**  in  length  of  head;  jieetoral 
as  long  as  head,  not  nearly  re.ichiug  front  of  anal,  3  to  3i  in  body.  Color 
silvery  gray,  w  ttb  bluish  rrlleetions,  darker  above,  a  dark  streak  uloug 
each  row  of  scales,  most  conspicuous  on  iipjior  part  of  body  ;  tins  all  du.nky 
except  pertonilu,  wbicb  arc  palo;  dorsal  and  ana!  blackish  on  their 
margins;  a  dark  supraorbital  spot;  axil  dusky;  veutrals  more  or  less 
dusky.  Length  a  foot.  Cuba  to  Hahia,  generally  comiuori ;  here  described 
from  a  specimen  from  Havana.  The  apcciea  is  extremely  close  to  G. 
Hneatiin  and  is  ilirubtfully  distinct.  Go  comparison  of  specimens  wc  note 
no  difierenee  except  those  mentioned  in  the  analysis  of  species,  and  those 
are  probably  not  constant. 

Otrret  bratilianui,-  CUVIEH  &  Vaucnciexnes,  Hint.  Xal.  PoIm.,  VI,  4fk8,  1830,  Bnull; 
Porto  Rico;  Kvkkmann  .V  Mrrk,  {.  c,  26t(  :  JoHiUN,  Proc.  U.  S>.  Nat.  Mus.  18W,  321. 
Oirra*patao,  Foar,  Uemoriu.  li,  329,  1808,  Havana. 


*  A  *M«!meu  rmni  Brazil,  t)-p1cAl  nf  Oetfet  hratilianut,  ahowt  tlir  rolluwias  cliamrtcn: 

£ve  3|  in  licnil;  Nrroiiil  dorMftl  NiiiiiH  nbifitl  lit  <■<  Ii'nxI.     V4intrai  iint  blaik,  lint  ilusky 

■haaeii ;  aotl  niys  n(  •lorxul  ami  luiul  uIho  [wiipiTod  wjlLi  ilurl^  [Hiiiiu ;  pw^loral  a  liltli-  niuro 

tlifli]  Iieiiil,  not  f|iitl4>  lo  vocit,  :i  in  biMly:  HAoond  nnal  \\  in  lieiid.  «i|i)jUh  3  In  l(*ni;th  lint 

xliorlvr,  4}  in  Inxly;  tteouml  anul  apiuf  »  little  lonitor  aud  ventral  |>ulor  than  iu  Cuban 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     1379 


Vm.  OEBBES  KJIBBTX,  Jordm  A.  Stnrlt*.  new  gpeciM. 

Head  3;  depth  3^.  D.  IX,  10;  A.  Ill,  8;  Bcaloi»5-35-10;  Buout  Si  in  head ; 
niAxilLiry  '1\\  ey6  4;  Herood  dursal  i^pino  1^;  scti-nnd  anal  spine  Ij^;  pec- 
toral ]  longer  than  head;  vRotnils  t^;  riiuditl  lube  li.  Body  i'oiiipn'8<u<d 
and  iin;;nlar,  thi'  liark  elevated:  protili-  slightly  loucavn  over  eyo,  thenoo 
atrougly  convex  to  du)'B:il;  auout  poliiled;  uiouth  iiiodfriiU',  the  maxillary 
reaching  slightly  past  anterior  uinrgtn  of  pupil,  width  of  its  expoj^ed  por- 
tioo  2i  in  its  length;  jawa  about  e<]uitl;  teeth  in  the  tiiificr  jitw  iiiinnte, 
very  slender,  and  luovable;  teeth  in  lowtir  jaw  oUi<olett<;  preorbitnl  and 
pr«'0]>erele  somit*;  gill  rakers  short,  abnut  7  -f  14  ;  pharyiigeala  with  short 
blunt,  pebble-like  teeth  on  the  middle,  aud  small  ahurp  cu)ii*'al  t<'eth  on 
the  outer  edge.  CheekH  with  i  or  r>  rows  of  Hcalos;  Auotit  from  about 
middle  of  eye,  preorbitul  ring,  Hiiborbital,  luaxillury,  and  lower  jaw  scidf- 
leH«;  basal  aheatli  of  dorsal  composed  of  1  row  of  aoalcs;  lateral  line  run- 
ning high.  Dorsal  spine.^  high,  the  second,  which  it*  much  the  strongest 
and  longest,  when  depressed,  reaching  to  the  bitse  of  the  last;  longest 
dorsal  ray  about  \  second  spiae;  thiril  anal  spine  the  longest  but  not 
80  strong  as  second,  its  tip  renching  well  past  end  of  last  ray,  when  lin  is 
depresM-d;  perioral  very  long  and  falcate,  reaching  to  the  vortical  from 
the  front  of  anal,  k  longer  than  head,  2}  in  body;  vuntrals  reaching  past 
vent,  but  not  to  anul;  caudal  ileuply  forked.  Color  in  spirits,  silvery, 
ctarker  above;  sides  with  about  11  longituilinai  dark  streaks  foUowiiig  the 
rows  of  scales,  1  following  the  lateral  line,  those  above  parallel  to  it,  those 
below  more  longitudinal;  tip  of  suuut  black  above;  dorsal,  caudal,  and 
ventrals,  dusky;  other  tins  colorless;  axil  dusky.  Length  abnut  a  foot. 
Coast  of  South  Carolina,  in  rather  deep  water,  iu  company  with  Calamug 
leuconleui,  VenlroprinttH  philadrlphicuH,  LurimiiH  fasciatun,  and  ,strllij'cr  laii- 
ceolnlut.  Here  described  fiom  a  speeimen  (No.  41i(,  L.  S.  .Jr.  Univ.  Mus.) 
12  inches  long,  takeu  at  Cbarletiton,  by  Mr.  Charles  C.  Leslie,  (tr,  iu; 
fipi'i,  the  oceau  depths.) 

17fi8.  (1EBBE.S  PLrilEBI,  Cuvlcr  &  Voleooieunes. 

(MOJARai,.) 

lead  3;  depth  2\\  eye  rather  large.  3  in  head;  snout  -1  in  head;  sealed 
5-37-11.  \).  IX,  10;  A.  Ill,  8.  Kody  coiuprossed,  rhoniboidal  in  form, 
back  very  much  elevated.  Mouth  rather  large,  uiirxttliiry  estending 
slightly  beycHid  vertji'al  from  anterior  margin  of  pupil,  its  length  2J  in 
bead;  exposed  portion  of  luaxiltary  obloug,  it.s  width  2i  iu  length,  which 
is  4}  iu  length  of  head;  preorbital  and  prenpi.Tcle  senate;  preniaxillory 
groove  broad  and  entirely  free  from  (icales;  gill  rakers  small,  weak,  13 
below  the  angle;  distance  from  tip  of  Hiiout  to  dorsal  tin  ci|U.'tl  to  the 
great«8t  dei)th  of  fish;  upper  margin  of  dorsal  tin  much  concave;  second 
dorsal  spine  very  strong  and  long,  its  length  e<]unting  length  of  head; 
second  anal  spiue  stronger  aud  slightly  shorter  than  tlie  second  dorsal 
spine,  its  tip  reaching  to  the  vertical  from  base  of  caudal  rays  ;  tliird  sjiine 
shorter  and  much  weaker  than  Kccoiid;  pectoral  lins  reacbiog  beyoud 
the  ttojA  of  auol,  their  length  I'jj  in  knigtb  of  body;  veutral  lius  reaching 


1380  Bulletin  ^7,  United  Stales  National  Afitseitm. 


put  vent,  almost  to  front  of  anal,  their  length  3f  in  length  of  bodjr. 
Color  bluiah-HJlvery  above,  silvery  below ;  very  distinct  dark  lon^tndinal 
lines  along  earh  row  of  Bciile§;  donial,  caudal,  nud  anal  tina  dusky; 
margin  of  donal  fiu  lilacli ;  a  dark  supraorbital  spot;  pectoral  and  ventral 
(ins  pale.  Leiiijifth  10  inches.  Atlantic  coast  of  tro]iical  America,  and 
West  Indie«;  rather  cominon;  north  to  eu«tem  Florida;  known  from 
Havana;  Porto  Ifico;  San  IXiminKo;  Jamaica;  Mirtmifjiu';  Indian  River, 
Florida;  Peruauibiieo;  liabia;  AaptnwaU  ;  aud(<uat«tuulu.  Ueredescribed 
from  a  sp4>ciiiion  from  ilnvaua.  (Kanied  for  (Jharles  Pliimier,  who  earljr 
made  paintings  of  the  fishes  of  Martinique.) 

a*mm  plumieri,  Ct'VUB  k  Y ALXKClK^nna,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiu.,  vi,  4S2,  1830,  AntlUea  ; 
Porto  Rico ;  Ol'HTRBK,  Cat.  Fiahca,  1,  310,  and  IV,  253;  JoBDAN  Sl  UiLBMBT,  Synopaia, 
S83;  KVEUMAMN  &:  UkBK,  L  C,  370. 

1769.  «EBBES  HEXICA.YTK,  Steindaobner. 

Head  4;  depth  2i;  scales  (6-43  to  45 '-12).  Closely  allied  to  <!.  plu- 
laieri,  the  body  It^nger,  thti  scales  siualler,  the  second  atial  spine  shorter,  | 
length  of  second  dorsal  spine  aud  1{  in  bead;  second  dorsal  spine  nearly 
■8  long  as  head  (much  *  stronger  than  third  bnt  not  much  higher,  3  in 
body);  pertoral  short,  as  long  as  bead,  3}  in  budy,  not  ruachiug  anal  (4f 
scales '  in  a  series  from  fourth  dorsiil  spiiio  tn  lateral  line,  6  series  between  * 
first  dorsal  spine  and  latfraJ  ltni>) ;  pn^orbitiil  and  preopercle  serrate. 
Color  much  as  in  fl.  plumieri,  but  paler.  Uio  Teapa,  Me.vico.  1  specimen 
known  (Steiudachuer);  not  seen  by  lis;  apparently  distiuguiiihed  by  (ho 
siuaU  scales. 

(lerrm  mrxUantu,  SnnniACltNZlt,  Uober  eioe  neae  Oerrei-Art,  ana  Hfxicu,  Verb.  K.  K. 
titQ.  Wien,  xui,  18G3,  1183,  Rio  Teapa,  Mexico. 

FamUy  CLIV.  KYPHOSIDJE. 

(ThK   RirCDKK  FlSMM.) 

Herbivorous  flshea,  with  incisor  teeth  only  in  the  front  of  the  jaws. 
Ilody  obloug  or  eleviited,  with  iniiderato  or  small  scales,  ctenoid  or  not. 
Mouth  iimderate,  with  incisor-liko  toctb  in  the  front  of  oacb  jaw;  no 
molars;  Icelb  on  vomer  and  pnlatines  present  or  absniit;  preiiiaxillnrie.s 
moderately  protractile;  proorbitiil  riithcr  narrow,  sheathing  the  maxillary. 
Gill  rakoru  moderate;  psuudobrancbiic  well  developed;  opercles  entire. 
Gills  4,  a  slit  brhiiid  the  fourth ;  gill  ructiibranes  separat«,  free  from  the 
isthmtiH;  dorsal  lin  cmttnuoiiB  or  divided,  with  10  to  IS  rather  strong  spines, 
the  soft  dorsal  n;iked  or  scaly;  anal  with  3  spine«;  veutrals  thoracic,  the 
rays  I,  5,  an  accessory  scale  iit  liaae;  caudal  liiiiatu  or  Curki'd;  pectoral  lin 
with  all  its  rays  bninchod.  Intestinal  caual  I'Uiiigatft,  with  few  or  many 
pyloric  circa.  Air  bhulder  usually  with  'J  posterior  horns.  Vertebrii-  in 
ordinary  nr  slightly  tncroiisuil  number,  24  to  28.  Fost-tciiiporal  of  normal 
p«rcoid  form,  the  stout  forks  not  adnste  to  the  oranium.    Uerbivorous 


•  Tlicae  rbanu^teta  in  naren IhcAt-s.  ni»t  in  (ho  urteinol  auacripUoii,  aro  glvoii  In  a  IbIIit 
fruni  Dr.  Stoladaolioer,  dat«  August  ii,  liMl5. 


Jordan  and  Evermann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     1381 


abore  flshea,  f««diug  largely  on  green  or  olive  algii>;  chiefly  of  the  Medi- 
terranean Sea  and  the  Pacilic  ()cean;  most  of  thcni  valued  a«  food.  Gen- 
era 20,  BpeoiPB  about  7().  {Sparidir,  groups  Vanlhanna  and  J'imelepteiina, 
(Jiiiither,  Cat.  Fishes,  i,  413-432;  497-4W,  1859.) 

GIBBLLMjE: 

a.  Soft  part  iif  dorul  aiid  soaI  fins  imkrtl  or  partly  wMiled ;  lipod  morv  or  low  naked; 
treth  in  broad  band*,  all  friwly  mnvabltv  none  oirromer;  pyloriocutoaTery  Diimer- 
oni ;  rert<-bn«  iu  ttompwlist  iuurvnwd  numlxir.    I'ocUio  Ooeas, 
b.  lorlaum  itll  trioonpld. 

e.  Donuil  MjiitiiMt  H  or  16;  each  Jaw  with  a  Hri»a  of  ilat,  iiiDvaMiv,  trlnispid 
iovlaon,  livlilod  wkicli  U  a  brood  band  vt  aluilar  anialliT  untMi :  doraa) 
coutinuimft.  lis  Hpineit  luw.  Uinklim,  563. 

ec.  Dorwil  iipinM  13  or  13;  "iu  butli  jiiirs  aeries  of  flat,  tricrmpid  tpcth,  bcbiiid 
-which  in  a  baorl  of  siiiiilar  trelli,  Ims  devolupi'd  and  ri-plucing  the 
fgrmor;"  »uft  dorsal  tuid  anal  clD%'iit«l.  lluyi>L\gi>ON,  S64. 

KTrHnBIN.£: 

aa.  Soli  porta  of  rcrtical  fins  oilaaelj  scnlj- ;  teelh  more  or  loaa  fixed,  uauuUy  ]>rea«nt 
on  vomer;  pjlorii;  cawa  iiiuu«ruuB. 
il.  Top  of  liead  aa  far  luck  aa  poatcrtor  margin  of  e;oa,  naked ;  Inciaor  t<x)tli  nar- 
row', <-<|unl.  roiuidoil;  apiooiia  dornal  mooh  lougur  than  aofl  doraal;  soft 
anul  liicher  and  abortvr  tbau  sort  Uoraul.  Hkiiikimlla,  SOS. 

ltd.  Top  of  luHul  aa  nnll  »»  nid<-a  nud  jnwa  eliiaely  ataleil;  broad  bauds  of  teeth 
behind  the  luciaors;  villlfunn  CtHlb  on  Tnmor,  palatinca  and  tongue;  dor- 
•al  apicea  low  :  iiiiisor  teeth  Uii<:t<Mlat«. 
t,  Inciaor  teeth  atrong,  with  tiurizontal,  backward  pntlectin.^  roota;.  soft 
dorsal  and  aual  nut  iiiiiolt  elevated. 
/.  Incisor  teeth  well  dovelopisl,  rucb  with  a  conapicuous  tiuritontal  proc- 
ess or  mat;  caudal  llu  tuoilorale,  about  an  ton^  a»  tliu  hcitdj  the 
oator  rays  not  3  I  liues  us  long  a*  the  middle  rava ;  Jnni'llon  of  gilt 
metubraDca  toniiiDi;  an  Bn);le.  Kvphohlb,  bK. 

f.  Incisor  toeth  email,  with  iiieimapiououa  roota;  randul  roucb  longer 
thau  beati,  lbi>  lubea  rulriite.  tli«  iiiiter5  times  l('U|;lli  of  middle 
raya;  gill  iiiombtuon  not  loruiing  an  anj;le  ut  juucliun. 

SKCTATOK,  587. 

M.  Inciaor  teeth  very  narrow,  without  evident  roots, 

g.  Anal  fin  abort,  3]  In  lenKtb  uf  l>ody,  its  rays  III,  19;  dorsal  spines 
gradually  inm^aaing  in  1tt>ight  to  tbo  aixth,  then  decroaaiog 
iMickward:  auft  dornal  atid  anal  not  falcate;  preoperde  slightly 
serrate;  teeth  narrow  but  evidently  oomproued. 

Mkdialqua,  M8. 

563.  GIREI^LA,  Gray. 

OiTtlla,  (iBAT,  Illustrations  of  Indian  /oulo|{y.  abottt  IHiO  (punctata). 

ilrtanichUiii;  'ruuHNCK  ii  .ScilLKilSI.,   Kauna  Jniionica,  I'liinauiia,  I.').  1850  {punclatui). 

VamtiriAa,  AviiBS,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  1800.  81  (niorieam). 

-  Uudy  obliing-ovate,  compressed,  covored  with  rntber  large  arales. 
Month  Bnittll,  with  a  m-ried  nftricimpid,  inuvalile  iiiclsorH,  behimi  which  is 
i.bruiid  biind  orHtliiilar  Hiualler  oik-h;  no  midar  U'eth  ;  uo  teotb  on  vomer 
r  tongue ;  lower  pharyngeal  te«'th  Hleudnr.  (Jhi'eks  with  very  siiiiill  Bi'iiliw ; 
oi>erflt8  and  top  of  hejid  cliielly  naked.  Gill  rakers  slender.  IlorHul  (in 
rather  low,  with  about  14  Hpinen,  on  the  bases  of  wbii'h  the  Rcal«8  extetid, 
furming  an  imperfect  slicath;  no  groove  at  base  of  dorsal;  no  proeunibeiit 
doraal  spine;  anal  spineH  aniall,  graduated ;  candal  Innate.  Air  bladiler 
divided  into  2  posterior  horns.    Pyloric  oteca  anmeroiu;  intestinal  canal 


1382         Bulletin  /7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


elonfirate;  peritoneum  black.  'Vert«brn<  11+16  or  17=27  or  21S.  Her- 
liivoroiiB.  I'acidc  Oeeaii.  This  geuus  contains  several  sp(>cie«  ffniml 
on  til e  east  cnast  ofAsiii  niul  one  cbaraoteristic  of  the  rocky  shores  of 
California.  They  nre  lirrUivorona  ltahe«,  fee<lii]g  nn  seaweedA.  ( From  the 
French  ''GirelU,"  which  in  :i  ilerirativo  of  Julit,  and  ia  applied  to  smaller 
Labruids.) 

17M.  OlBELla  MflEKANM  (Ayroa), 


(G&cn-rtsH.) 


ith 


D.  XIV,  11:  A.  Ill,  12;  scales  50;  verteliTii- 
ll  +  16  =  -7.  Body  oval,  coin ji tossed,  with  very  deep  cnudal  [lediiiHle; 
siiDiit  think,  itH  prolile  evenly  ronndi'd;  month  small.  Buluiifcrior,  the 
iitaxillaiy  rcaohinj;  nearly  to  front  of  orbit;  a  tuimito  pati-h  of  piilatlue 
tetdh;  each  j.iw  with  a  aeries  of  tlut,  triruapid,  movable  incisors,  behind 
which  ia  a  brond  hiiud  of  Hnuillur  oiic«i;  no  teeth  oil  romer  or  tongue; 
r-heeks  with  very  HUiiill  acalen;  operclcs*  and  top  of  liead  nuked;  preoperfle 
minutely  flcrrnlati-  At  its  angle;  preorldtnt  at)  broad  as  eye;  gill  rakers 
numerous,  rather  long;  scalrs  (inn,  weekly  fteuoid,  those  on  thoritx  and 
front  of  back  mnaller;  doisal  spiiies  lovvev  thnn  eoft  rays,  with  an  imper- 
fect sheath  of  si-;i!i!«  at  tht'ir  huna;  una]  spines  sniull,  graduated,  the  soft 
raya  higher  than  tlioso  of  tho  diirsitl:  randai  Innate;  pi-ctorals  «hort  and 
bronrl,  not  rearhiiif;  vent;  vuntrals  short;  iiir  bliidder  with  ti  posterior 
horns;  intestinal  canal  very  long;  pyloric  cM'ca  nnnierons;  pcrltoDeum 
black,  t'olor  dusky  green,  ]i.aler  below;  (ins  dnsky  greenish ;  young  with 
a  liirgc  yeltowiah  blotcb  on  tlic  bmk  on  i-nch  side  of  dorsal.  Length  about 
a  foot.  Coast  of  aoulhern  California  from  Monterey  to  Cape  San  Lnoas; 
abundant  iu  I'ocky  places,  the  yonng  a  couiuiou  and  active  iohabitaut  of 
rook  pools;  a  food-tiah  of  fair  quality,     (nigrtcuiti,  blackish.) 

Camarinn  niffriram,  A  VBKH,  Proc.  C«l.  Ac.  Scl.  1881,  81,  Og.  22,  Cilirornim. 

(lirrlla  tloriomaeula,  Gax,  Proc.  Ac  Mat  Soi.  Thiln.  1882,  244. Cape  San  I^ucas;  yoong. 

(Coll.  Xmtns.) 
airtlht  ni<;ricaiM,  Jordan  &GlU)IRT,8ynopaiB.S80,  IB83:  JORDA.v  &  FUUEU,  {.c, 531, 1893. 


564.  DOYDIXODON,  Valcnciennee. 

DoitdiTiidou,  Vxi,KNCi«KNK.H,  Voyage  ilu  la  Vrnuo,  v,  318,  1855  IJreminrUM). 

Dorsal  spines  12  or  13.  "  In  each  j.iw  a  scries  of  flat  tricuspid  teeth, 
behind  which  is  u  baud  of  similar  teeth,  less  developed  and  replacing  the 
foraicr;"  soft  dorsal  and  anal  tdevat-ed,  otherwise  us  iu  iHnlla,  from  which 
it  is  doubtfally  separated.  8]ipcics  all  American  ;  not  well  known.  {6vo, 
two;  Si'iovi,  forked;  oSov:,  tooth.) 


1*61.  lHn'DIXOIM).\  FREXINTILLEl,  Valencienne*. 

D.  ni,  16;  A,  III,  12;  scales  about  60.  Color  uniform  dark  green,  or 
banded  with  darker.  Form,  8<|tiaiiiation,  and  dentition  as  in  Ginlla  niifri- 
rnnx  (Valenciennes).  Galapagos  Islands  and  coast  of  Peru;  known  tons 
from  the  tignre  of  Valenciennes,  which  closely  resemblos  Girellu  ni^rioant, 


Jordan  and  Evertnann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1383 


Tint  the  number  of  iloraal  s])inoa  ia  fewer.     (N^ameil  for  Cbr<$ti«n  Pnnlln 
do  f^eiuitiTilk",  an  oarly  French  ijjitiiraliNt  iiud  explorer.) 

ttvydiutdon  /rrminvdki,  VAUCtciEKRBB,   V'o;»ge  T<<nn«,  v,  323,  pi.  5,  1856,  Galapaeoa 

Islanda. 
i>nyc/uoij<»i    fntcialtim.    KtkB   .V    STEiKDArHXBR,    .Sllr.b.    Akml.  Wion,   liv,  850,  flg.  2, 

Iquique,  Peru. 
Dotidiioilan  /retntnrillri,  .roiu>A.s  &  Feslek,  :.  c,  Kl'J,  188!<. 

565.  HERMOSILLA,  Jenkins  &.  Kvermann. 

HmniiSiKii,  .rcNKlKX  >V  KVBKMA.VN,  I'roc.  V.  S.  Nat.  Mn».  1888.  144  ((ir«rro). 

TliiH  genuB  in  (tllieil  in  liyphoHiiM,  Iroiu  which  it  itirt'ors  iu  the  wi^aker  gill 
rakers;  ia  baviiijj  (ho  innr^jiiiof  llio  jin-optTclo  eiitir(<;  i]i  having  no  teotli 
on  the  tongue;  in  tlic  Kitiiiiin:ttiiiii,  tbct  HcaloM  on  the  huily  Uein;;  Inrger; 
Iie:iil  not  »o  t  «Tinptet4"lj-  soaiml ;  top  of  head,  sninit,  preorhitolB,  8]»ii('e  ht'low 
the  eye,  chill,  and  pri'0]irrtdeH,  naked.  It  niaii  dilicr.s  in  the  rtdatirti  sizes 
id  forms  of  the  vertieal  tins;  the  Kjniiriiin  d<>rH:il  ih  luiudt  luDj^er  thjin  the 
oft  dorsiil,  und  tin-.  Hoft  anal  is  hij^tivr  and  uiiorter  thuii  tliu  Hoft  dorsal. 
One  8p4-cie8,  from  the  Pacific  Cooal  of  Mexico.  {IlertMciMJlla,  luuun  of  the 
tpitul  city  of  Suuora,  ulun;;  the  cuoiit  of  which  Stuto  tlie  typirn]  species 
fh»  taken,  the  name  derived  from  Spanish  hermoto,  heantiful;  Latin, 
formonut. ) 

n»i.  HKRMONILLA  XZV&V.k,  J'enkina  JL  Erermann. 

Head  3;  depth  2;  eyo  3?  in  hewl.  D.  XI,  11;  A.  Ill,  10;  Hcaloall-fi.V17. 
Body  ovate,  coniprcMed,  hend  short,  snout  3  in  bi.«ad,  blunt:  inaxillury 
barely  reachinjj  front  margin  of  eye,  3}  in  bend.  Ench  jaw  with  a  single 
HcrioB  of  clnse-Bot,  e(|0!i],  nnrrow,  rounded  inciaors,  thp  viUiforin  teeth 
behind  them  smiill  or  obsolete,  not  evident  in  tho  type;  teetli  on  vomt^r 
not  evident  in  the  type;  gill  rakerH  ulendor,  tb«  longest  about  tlie  diam- 
eter of  the  »*yc,  3-f  12;  prcopcrde  entire;  jireorbital  J  diameter  of  eye, 
nearly  covering  the  inaxill.iiy.  Top  of  ho.id  us  far  back  an  the  pos- 
terior m.irgin  of  the  <;yeB.  snont,  proorbitals,  a  nnrrow  space  below  eye, 
chin  and  i>reopercle»,  naked;  top  of  Lend  covered  with  pores;  pro- 
opereleH  with  a  network  of  grooves;  reiiiaining  parts  of  lie;iil  and  body 
itcaled ;  .'>  rows  of  scales  on  cheek  below  eye,  about  6  rows  on  the  ojier- 
cle;  snbopercle  with  1  row;  (ina,  with  tho  exception  of  the  Bpiiioiia  dor- 
sal, covered  more  or  less  with  fine  scales;  scales  uiodornte,  ctenoid,  not 
crowded  anteriorly ;  lateral  line  complete,  traceable  hut  a  short  diHtunciv 
on  tha?  caudal.  Dorsal  fm  with  11  Hjdnes,  the  seventh,  which  is  ihe 
longest,  If  in  hea<l;  tho  alternate  ones  very  ntrong,  tho  spinous  part  con- 
tinnons  with  the  Hoft  purtion,  the  hist  spine  not  much  lower  than  tbo  soft 
dorsal,  thns  leaving  but  a  slight  de|>re88ion  betwoeii  the  two;  the  HpinouH 
part  depreasible  into  a  groove;  base  of  spinous  jiart  about  ^  longer  than 
the  base  of  the  soft  jiortion ;  soft  anal  shorter  and  higher  than  soft 
dorsal;  anal  with  3  spines,  .short  but  strong,  the  second  tho  longest,  H 
times  diameter  of  eye;  caudal  forked,  upper  fork  tho  longer;  pectoral 
1^  in  head,  not  <tnite  e(|nalii>g  the  vetitrals  which  b«g)n  behind  them. 
Depth  of  candal   peduncle  7  in    body;    interorbital   sp^co   '2i   iu    he 


1384  Bulletin  /7,  United  Stales  National  Museum. 


peritonetim  Muck.  Color  dark  «t«el-bIno,  paler  bolow;  body  with  about 
12  nearly  vertical  blackiah  croHs  baiula  about  ikH  wide  ns  the  eye;  below 
eye  silvery,  with  n  dark  strejik  from  maxillnry  to  iiiigle  of  opercle;  oper- 
cular blotch  bltick;  ii  black  blutch  iu  tbti  :isil;  fins  luiistly  dark.  Two 
l;irji<jr  K|)ecinious  11  mid  13  inc-lieH  long  cullcetod  by  tlio  ^i^yia'ruM  at  San 
Bartbolonio  Hay,  Lower  ("alifoniia,  ililTur  uot;iJ>ly  iu  form,  uud  niuy  poHMibly 
boloiifrtoa  distiiutspi-clus.  Hoo<i3j( ;  ilepth2J.  1).  XI,  11;  A.  Ill,  10;  sciileti 
il-Tw-l";  Hnont  3  in  haail;  eye  5;  iaterorbitnl  2};  uiiixillsiry  3};  lougust 
dorHalA]iiiie2^  ;  Hocoiid  uual  bpino  :{i ;  longest  dorsal  ray  ^;  longeet  nunl  ray 
2J^;  pt'ctoral  I?;  vi'ittni!  l^f;  cniidal  lobts  1}.  Body  ubiong-ovuto,  cout- 
prftsHod;  bead  short;  maxillary  banly  risit'liii><»  froiitof  cy«>;  enrh  jaw  with 
a  single  series  of  equal  roiuidi'd  ititiBori*  with  Kniall  villiform  tootU  bekind 
them;  Tilliforni  tectli  on  vomer ;  gill  rakera  aa  long  as  the  diniiieter  of 
pnpil,  about  3  +  1^.  Top  of  bend  as  far  back  ns  posterior  margin  of  «yn, 
Buojit,  maxillary,  lower  jaw,  proorbital,  stiborbitnl  ring,  and  edge  of  pro- 
opercle,  naked  ;  t-herks  with  B  wriea  of  scaliis,  G  rows  on  tlie  ojierclc;  the 
lias  covered  with  ruin  ecalca;  dorsal  with  a  well-develuped  Nheath  of 
souloH.  8piuon«  dorsal  ilic  bigber;  fvecontl  and  third  ana]  Hpinrs  about 
oqiiiil,  thv-  tirst  rays  Ibo  longest,  fiu  eliarply  augiilated  iu  front;  veulralo 
plaied  well  bubtnd  pertorals,  tboir  tipa  not  leaching  the  vent;  caudal 
(•iiiargiuati),  the  lobes  about  einial.  Color  in  spirits,  slaty  above  with  12 
or  13  dark  cross  liara  which  I'ado  out  below  pectnriil ;  a  streak  across  max- 
illary  and  preoporcle  bolow  eye,  and  one  across  snout  through  oye;  lnjlly 
silvery,  tiua  all  diiiiky,  veutral.s  tipped  with  black,  a  bhifk  blotch  on  axil; 
edge  of  operclo  black,  a  tunHpiciious  black  blotch  abnvo  angle.  Known 
only  from  these  2  spccitin'ns  and  the  types,  2  specimons  X  and  9  inches  long 
roapeotivoly,  from  the  Hay  of  GTiayniaa.    Length  afoot.   (arnreiMjSky-bluo.) 

nfrmotUla  arurra,  JlNKlNS  JL  KVKRMAHN,  Proc.  IT.  S.  Nat.  Him.  1888,  144,  Quayinai 
(Type,  No.  36299.  Cnll.  Jnukins  it.  Erormana);  Evbrmann  &  jKlfKOfs,  Proa,  U.  8. 
Nat.  Uui.  1801.  15C,  pi.  I.  He.  3:  Jordan  &  Kehler,  (.  c,  531.  18!>3. 

566.  KYPHOSUS,  La<!<«pcde. 

(ClIOPAS.) 

Kt/pkoni*,  l.lLCtJ'tDE,  niiit.  Nal.  I'oi»H.,  HI,  114,  18(12  (tn'jW>iu--/u*fiu). 

I'iinrUptfnu.  J.ACf.viMH,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiiw.,  IV,  42!i,  180;i  (/xm/iii      ivrliiiruc). 

Dortiiariut,  LArt:i't.t>]i,  Hiitt.  Nal-  PoiB*.,  v,  482.  IHOa  liiigrtJKtiu—fiuieini). 

Xi/Mtfr.  LAfftrKDR,  Hist.  Nal.  PiiisH.,  v,484,  IWB  {/uiicvi). 

•Saltitna,  lK>vrDlcu,  Ex<:iir*iua  Madi'ira.  Z38, 182S  {nurntp). 

t  OjiiUhiMiiiit,  C,ll.u  PriH-.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  I'liila.  18«2,  'M  {,lahmr]\. 

HimIv  tilongale-ovate,  rogiilarly  ullipti<'ftl,  uitubirately  comprosaod;  bend 
Hhort,  with  bhiut  snout;  eye  largo;  nionth  siuull,  huriKoutal;  Tnrixillttry 
barely  reaching  front  of  ryo;  each  jaw  with  a  ftiiiglo  spries  of  rather  nar- 
row obtusely  lani'i-idatn  incisors,  iniplant<'>d  with  coniproKsrd  couspicnons 
roots  posteriorly ;  bohitid  these  a  narrow  baudof  villiform  tocth;  fine  teeth 
on  vouior,  palatines,  and  tongue.  Braurhiostegals  7;  gill  rakers  long. 
I'reoperclo  ob.soletely  serrate;  preorbital  narrow,  covering  but  little  of  the 
luaxilbiry.  Si|naniatiau  very  complote,  the  space  between  and  about  the 
eyes  being  tho  only  naketl  part ;  scales  smalliab,  thick,  ctenoid,  00  to  70  in 


Jordan  and  Evcnnann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     138.5 


the  lateral  line,  which  Is  contlnnonH;  siiuilar  .scaler  entirely  cororiug  tho 
soft  parts  of  tbn  vertical  (ins,  and  oxtcudiug  up  uri  tliu  paired  flos.  Doraiil 
till  low,  witli  nbuut  II  Hpinua,  wliicL  nre  <leprcHHiljlu  la  :i  i^oov<^  of  acivluH, 
tliu  fill  rontiuiiiiui*,  but  tliu  I:i8t  HpjucH  low,  set  tlint  ii  iliiprettsiori  ixrciirt* 
tietweeri  tbo  two  purls  of  tbo  liii.  tbe  bases  of  the  h]i1i)uuh  iiikI  soft  parts 
iibdiit  oi|U:i] ;  soft  iIor-Hnl  ratbor  low  in  fniiit,  nut  fiilriitei,  )ioi]it)'il  liobiuil; 
iinul  siiiiilur  to  hoI'd  durtiul,  with  3  Hpiiies;  cunihil  liii  uioiJi'nitelv  fiirlied; 
|)i'ctoral  IhiA  Biiiall,  v^nilrnls  well  lieliiiid  lliem.  Inti-Ntiiiat  canal  lanjj;, 
Pyloric  i;«-C!i  very  nitiiiiToiiii,  Vertebrn-  !l  or  I<l  +  15  or  16 -^i5.  This 
IfunnH  contaius  soiiiu  10  sjiccica,  rhielly  ounlintMl  tn  tbu  I'-.icitic  Ocuan,  :iim1 
nxast  III'  tbeiu  fuiiiid  iti  tbv  Eatit  Indiua.  (J^rO'i;,  n  liiunp,  tlio  wurd  luitri' 
lorrecily  written  iifpfiiia,  and  reft^rriny  to  a  defonued  A])ei'iin*-ii  with  a 
hamp  back.) 

a.  Soft  pari  of  nnal  vnry  laiiK  anil  lun',  lin  InUftmt  rny«  H)  to  4  in  lioiul.  Knil  H  in  »ut\  |iArt 
of  tlin  tin.  D.XI.U;  A.III.I2:  kcaU*  nniiill.iiliuiil  85  In  latnrnl  lini-.  tliiitin  oii 
clirok  iu  17  »ei'Uw:  liytb  iilHiiit  30  in  vnrli  .|aw,  unmiw,  tlio  j.iw  nhoit.  CuW 
liriglit  tcrny,  tli<>  xldiw  itt<-ol  l>luo,  with  iwVr  letiKtliwisv  striptv  nl'  bhclit  bronxe. 
T)«[>t)i  morn  tlmii  J  li'ugtii.  .tNALiHiiin.  nn:], 

an.  Annl  Hn  iiiMliTatrly  Horattd  in  front  ami  ralher  «hiirt,  its  rayn  III.  ll.lhr  liuigtuit 
ray  U  to  2  in  thr  tiui>«ar  llic  sufl  part  of  tliu  lln.    1>.  XI.  II  or  12.     Tfutli  35  lo  «U 
in  oacli  J»w. 
b.  Ti'rtli  rutlicr  narrow  and  imbaciitc;  inaxillitry  (hort,  barely  reaclilDK  eye,  nboiit 
3^  ill  head. 
«.  Scalwi  niwU'rato,  lU-flS-SOi  annl  my •  III,  13.    Colnrnliou  lirijjlil  pi innliouiu, 
with  ninity  lirijrlit  yi'Iluw  Hln.mknDn  fi  plnntli«ouii  grouuiK    MnntU  and 
ttelli  unl  fully  ilc-crllKil.  t.Nf'ISUIi,  17IH. 

ee.  Scale*  ninullfr,  alHint  12-67-30;  annl  nioiifimtr.  ilA  luiigeot  r»^  'JJ  in  litMid 
•uil  i  bft»e  of  mft  jwrt  nf  hn;  body  (l«c'i>,  lliii  lii-pth  2  in  ien^th; 
anont  iiiunt ;  iu:alra  on  rlicH-k  in  Itl  acrii*!*.  I  'oloralit>n  ilull  pnlo  xrav, 
tbo  dork  atroaka  broador  lliuti  lu  A".  analoyii4.    A.  Ill,  U. 

BLEOANii,  nnf: 
tee.  Scales  ratbor  largr,  lii-.')5-lA:  deplb  ?J  in  IcnKtli^  bcaii  3).    CuloralioD 
dnaky  jfray,  wilh  alHjut  25  (jrny  ntronkN  fuilnwlii);  llicrowii  of  acalea, 
tlioM  niiir  iiiiildlr  uf  body  brnadpnt ;  a  ailvery  atrvak  uloug  prear 
bilttl,    U.  XI,  JJi  A.  111,11.  KE<-HTiti.x.  17W. 

U.  Teetli  broad  and  rnuniiisil:  luatillary  ratbir  lung,  rovhiug  oppuKilo  pupil,  'A^ 
io  lii-ud.  acuJcit  siiiail,  Vi-Tl-'H\  depth  of  Imdy  2(  In  l«li):th  :  hoail  'i\:  pec- 
toral U  In  bead.  D.  XI,  11:  A.  Ill,  11.  Color  dark  atecl  blue,  tbo  palu 
»trl|it<»  nb»ciir«< .  mimc'tiiucn  varying  to  oiitirvly  briKlit  loiiiou  ycUon'^ 
tomotiuiva  with  Ibo  boud  yellow  or  with  yellow  blulcbra. 

I.L'TKtH'KNa,  1707. 
1708.  KVPiiUKl'S  A.\Al>00rS  (GUI). 

Head4;  deptb  3i.  H.  XI.  11;  A.  Ill,  12  or  13:  cyo  1|  in  bind;  «nont3; 
luaxilLtry  '\\;  pcctornl  1],  t><|ual  to  vuiitralti;  longest  niy  of  tuiftdorHal  31; 
longest  dorsiil  spine  'lk\  upper  lobn  of  candal  iia  lunj;  an  licad;  scab's 
l3-71v-2fl;  gill  rakers  8 -f  Ifi.  Itody  conipre.ssi-d,  elliptii'iil;  prolile  in  some 
apeciniens  evenly  curved  troiii  tipof  Hiioiit  t,o  dnrsnl.  In  others  slif^htly 
prodarod  before  i>y<^B  and  eoin-iivo  iiver  mioiit.  Moiilb  uniall.  bori/.ontiil; 
jawa  ui|nal;  teotb  in  a  single  m-ries,  from  22  to  2><  iu  tMcb  jaw  ;  ruaxilliiry 
extending  to  tbc  vertical  froni  tlic  front  of  eye.  .Snout,  lower  jaw,  and 
preorliital  nak«<l,  bead  eb^ewbern  witb  scales:  12  to  15  rows  of  ecales 
3030 10  "* 


1386         BidUiin  /7,  United  States  National  Afuscmn. 


oporcle;  Bcales  oo  body  ninch  crowded  anteriorly;  all  the  flns,  with  the 
excAption  of  Bpinosiw  dorsal,  tMiliri'ly  Bcale<l.  Tiji  of  pectoral  uhuiply 
roiiiuled;  front  "f  anal  not  greatly  ilovatcd,  its  loagust  ray  3  iii  base  of 
fin,  which  \n  About  tvqiial  to  lj<.-uil;  ti]iitKiiiH  ilorflul  liiijlior  than  soft  dorsal; 
iippiT  loho  of  tainial  tlio  longer,  (.'olor  in  life,  stucd  bliic,  brighter  tliau 
in  elet/fniM;  with  brouze  streaka  aloug  the  edges  or  rows  of  scales,  much 
brifjliter  thau  in  flriiann;  a  broailur  gray  stnsik  bonloreil  with  brouzo  at 
Imfte  of  soft  doraal ;  a  Cargo  UroJtHy  Rpot  in  tbt;  axil,  oxt-eudtug  along 
sliiinlder  girilli',  a  ilccp  bronze  stripe  through  eye,  anotltiT  Hack  froui 
angle  of  month,  the  two  separated  by  Ht-eel  Idiie;  fiiis  nil  bhi©  blark.  «  itli 
some  brou/.e,  espet-ially  ou  pectoral.  Uody  inon-  iiloiigate  than  iu  eiitiann; 
the  form  more  elliptical;  the  mouth  leas  blunt,  with  fewer  t^eth;  the 
seales  Hnialler  «nd  more  crowded  anteriorly;  the  Jiim  lower,  espet-ialty  the 
anal.  Largest  specimen  18  inches  long.  ra<'iri(;  coast  of  lro|)iral  America, 
Gulf  of  Califoruia  to  Pauatiia.  Here  described  from  Mji/.atlau  Npeciiuens. 
A  beautiful  specieM  rather  eoiunion  about  Mazittlun,  both  iu  the  estuary 
aud  in  di-ep  water  in  the  ii<'ighborlioo<l  of  the  islamls.  lis  range  along 
the  coast  is  not  dctinitely  diBtiiiKuishcd  from  that  of  K.t!le<iaii»,t\\es  two 
biiviug  been  recorded  as  identical  by  authors  who  had  seen  but  one. 
They  were  first  properly  distinguished  by  Kvcriuaiin  A-  .JenkinJi,  who  ob- 
taini'd  bidh  at  Uuariuas.  The  marked  dift'erciice  iu  color,  however,  does 
not  appear  in  tbe  descriptions  of  Mveruianii  A  .leiikiiiK,  which  were  drawn 
froui  sjiecimeiis  pre-^erved  iu  alcohid.  Specimens  examined  by  us  from 
Guuyiiias,  Cape  San  Lucas,  I'orto  Kscoudido,  and  Ma7atlan.  ((inahiiMK, 
aualugouB, — to  Ki/phosun  Hrciatrir,  but  its  relations  are  rather  with 
Ay;>Ao««»  inci»or,) 
i'imekjilrnii  onnli'gvt,  GilX,  Pnie.  Ac.  Knt.  Sci.  Pliila.  1862,  Z4S,  Cape  S*n  Lucas.     (Call, 

Xuiilim.) 
Kyphiitra  analni/tit.  Kvebuawn  &  JKHKncs,  Pnw.  U.  S.  Nat.  Max,  1881,  LMj  JOBOAtr  A.  Fn- 

LBB,  I.  c,  SM,  1883;  JoBDAN,  Pror.  Col.  Ac.  Sci.  1895.465 

nH4.  KfPHOMH  INCINnR(CnTicr  4t  Valrni-lcnnm). 
(Ckopa  Ahahilia.) 
Head  fi  in  total  with  randul;  depth  3.  L).  Xl,  11;  A.  Ill,  13;  scnlee 
1(i-ti.">;  piiroH  20;  anal  a  third  higher  than  soft  dorsal;  caudal  Innate; 
teeth  Its  in  K.  Krclalris ;  preoperelo  scarcely  serrate;  scales  of  back  Tnin^h 
nuiallcr  than  those  of  sides,  as  are  also  thoHw  of  head,  tlimat,  and  belly. 
rimuVu'ous,  wiih  yellow  lines  marking  edges  of  tln<  scales;  besides  the 
yellow  streak  across  cheek  to  axil,  another  below  eye  ending  ou  wpercle; 
yellow  streak  before  nostrils  emphasized  by  black  edgings;  tins  blue, 
deeper  on  the  soft  part ;  huso  of  pectoral  with  yelli>w  scales.  Cuba  ( Poey ) 
to  Fira/.il  and  tlie  t'anary  Ifihrnds;  not  si^en  l>y  us;  a  large  species  reach- 
ing I'i  to  3  f<-i't  an  length,  ft  larger  si/o  than  is  attaiucd  by  A',  •rc/n/rix. 
r.videntlr  ilistiuct  from  Hy/iliotiiiM  netlalrU,  witli  which  Lt  is  confounded 
by  Jordan  iV  Feslor,  its  relations  being  with  A'.  atialuguM.  (iiii-isiir,one 
that  cuts;  from  the  teeth.) 

'Solrima  aurata,  DowoirH,  Exc<ir«i»n  Mwli'lra,  238,  li<:!.'i,  Bona  Vi*ta  Island;  dcacrlptloD 
soil  d^rti  i'er\  lincl.     D.X.I7;  A. 111,14.  l>u>ly  with  IikIiI  urnu^ti*  ulrijios. 

I'imrltiiUnu  iiicuor.  CuviKti  A  YAI.KMnKNNKS,  Him.  Xiit.  Voiiw.,  vU,  260,  1831,  Brazil. 
(Coll  I>c)»lan<iiv)     {(yhirlmlun  iiirMor,  1'aiikisson  MS.,  alioiit  1785.^ 

t'imrlrpttrtitjtavulinealo;  PoEV,  I!i'|M'rturlti.  :il'.t,  1H06.  Havana      (Coll.  I'ot'y.) 


l}Oa.  K1I'IM>MH    t:i,KIJANB(Put«r«). 
(i'nm-K.) 

HaadSI;  depths.  D.XI,  IL';  A.  Ill,  11;  scales  11-6.-^17;  eyo4inb«ad; 
■Dont  3i;  maxillary  3( :  ptsi^'tural  it,  eijiialei  ventral;  longeHt  ray  of  soft 
doi'Sftl2i;  lon};eflt(liirM!i]  H|»iiii>L4:  loiif^cst  aiiul  ruy  ?;  upper  lobe  ofctiiidal 
•equals  head,  (iill  rakers  It  + 15.  Mody  ovate,  comprnssed;  pmlilerouiidccl, 
»li^^htl.v  produced  liofore  evfH.  <-on<'ave  over  snout  in  some  Hpccimi'iis, 
struiplit  ill  others;  a  gentle  curvu  from  t-yes  to  dorsal;  mouth  small,  hori- 
zouta),  tUi>  juwH  eijiial;  t<tutli  iu  a  Hiiiglu  sericn,  about  'iS  in  ejic-h  Jaw; 
maxillary  extending  lo  tlui  vt-rtiful  from  auterior  edge  of  orhit;  suoiit, 
lower  jaw,  and  preorliital  naked,  head  ovtirywhurn  (dse  suahid;  opereleH 
with  H  or  9  row»  of  sralys;  scaloM  nn  body  larj!;(<,  8ami«wh:it  frowdwl  uutt<- 
riorly;  all  the  tins,  oxuopt  spiuoits  dorsal,  with  scales  to  their  uil<;uij,  tliuB«> 
on  ruiidal  exceedingly  small.  Tipof  puct^oral  Nliar|ily  roiiiidod,  nut  rruch- 
iug  to  ti|i8  0t' vcntrals;  vwitral  KjiijiB  half  a«  long  ah  soft  rays;  aual8|iiaes 
pihurt  and  .stont.  graduate  ;  anal  elevated  in  front  ami  litglwr  tliitn  Hoft 
dorsal;  middle  Mpiiics  nf  ilorxjil  the  liiugc.><t,  alioiit  eitiial  t<<  highest  rayit 
of  soft  dorsal;  upper  lohe  i»f  caudal  the  louger.  Vcrti-brif  !)-f  l(i  or 
IO-f-10.  t'idor  gravinh  black,  with  paler  centers  ti>  the  scales;  about  16 
streaks  below  lateral  line;  Hidi^s  with  large  faint  dill'ii.so  yellowish  white 
spots;  a  little  bluish  and  yellowish  on  sides  iif  heii^l;  n  yelluw  atieuk 
below  lower  part  of  eye;  no  steel  blue  or  bronze  in  life,  (he  cuhtration 
much  duller  than  in  A',  ann/or/irx.  ]':icitic  Const  of  tropical  Auiericii  from 
Ciuaymas  l-n  Ma/atlan,  Merc  described  fruta  Miii^athin  specinicns.  This 
species  is  rather  comin4)ii  about  XiiitatJaLi.  enpecinlly  in  the  sluggish  waters 
of  the  Astillero.  It  reaches  a  length  uf  about  IS  iuches.  (el«(/ai««,  ele- 
gant, bnt  its  colors  are  less  bright  than  usual  in  this  genus,  and  the  body 
deeper.) 

I'tmrUpierin  tUgam,  Pbtkrs,  Itr.rllnor  Mouatalieriiihle,  7U7,  tS6D,  Muatlan. 
Kvpkotu*  rUpatlM.  EVKRMANX  &■  .IK.VKINS,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mni>.  IStfl,  l&S;  .loRUAIf  ii  Fkh. 
LSK,  I.  e.,  53.^.  UBri .  Joiu>AN.  Pritc.  ChI.  Ao.  Set.  1HB5,  460. 

17M.  KTPHttKI'K  KEfTATBIX  (Linmiiiiit. 
(RlIDDKK-riMI.   KeuMIUiA  CRIB;   ChUII;  CIIOPA   BlJlKCA.) 

Head  3J;  depth  2^.  I). 'XI,  12;  A.  Ill,  11;  scales  t(>-65-l«.  Vertebne 
!»-f-l6.  Hody  ovate,  somewhat  compressed;  longest  dorsal  spine  •  the 
height  iif  body,  rather  higher  than  soft  dorsnl  ;ind  nearly  eiinal  U)  longest 
ray  of  anal;  teeth  iin  ro  IU  un  each  side;  hori^Mintal  process  of  the  teeth 
not  much  longer  than  the  >  ertical ;  iuterorbital  spiiee  2^  iu  head  ;  top  and 
sides  of  head  finely  scaled  ;  intcrorbital  re<;ioii  gibbons,  below  which  pciiiit 
the  snout  is  trnneatc;  ]>reopercle  weakly  .nerrnlate;  gill  rakers  long;  soft 
dorsal  and  iinal  very  Inn  ;  the  longest  rny  of  anal  '-ii  iii  bead,  longest  spine 
2^;  median  dorsal  HpiiioH  lu::liest:  second  iiniil  spine  highest;  caudal  well 
forked,  the  lower  lobe  longer.  Color  iu  life  steel  gray,  very  slightly 
bluish,  not  much  jiuler  below  ;  the  edges  of  each  row  of  scales  on  back 
and  sides  slightly  brassy,  so  that  very  taint  yellowish  strip('^B  alternate 
with  bluish  ones  of  about  etjual  width;  a  dllVtise  pali-  stripe  below  eye,  a 
yellowish  one  above  and  below  this;  fina  all  dull  giayish;  ventrals  and 


1388         Bulletin  ^y,  United  States  National  Museum. 

anal  somowhat  blackish ;  edge  of  opercle  slightly  darker.  Here  described 
from  Key  West  specimens.  West  Indies,  ranging  from  Cape  Cod  to  the 
West  Indies,  crossing  the  ocean  to  the  Canary  Islands;  occidental  in  the 
Mediterranean,  once  taken  at  Palermo  by  Professor  Pietro  Doderlein.  Not 
rare  off  our  Atlantic  coasts,  becoming  rather  common  southward,  espe- 
cially at  Key  West.  It  has  long  been  noted  for  its  habit  of  following 
vessels,  siipposably  for  tlie  waste  food  thrown  from  them,  hence  called 
Eudder-fish.  A  fish  of  considerable  game  qualities.  Length  18  inches, 
(feminine  of  tectator,  one  who  follows.) 

Perea  marina  tectatrix  (the  Uu«ldep-fl»h),  Catkbhy,  Nat.  HUl.  C«r.  1738,  Carolina. 
Perca  laltarix,  LiNN^sus,  Syst.  Kat.,  Bd.  x,  293,  1758  (misprint,  incorroctly  copied  from 

Catksby,  who  calle<l  it  teel  itrtz),  Carolina. 
CAffitodon  cypriitaeeiii  (Broansonet),  GXEUN,  Sy«t.  Nat.,  i,  126S,  1788,  name  only ;  on  a 

■liocinien  from  tlie  tropical  Atlantic.    (Coll.  Parkinson,  in  Voyage  Capt.  Cook: 

deacrilK-d  by  Cuvikk  &  Valbnciehnbs,  I.e.,  vni,  263.) 
IHnuUptem*  botquii,  LACiiPfcDE,  Hist  Nat.  Poias.,  nr,  429, 1803,  South  Carolina.     (Coll. 

Bosc) 
IHmeltpUmt  oblimgior,  CuriKB  &  VALBKClKNifES,  Hiat.  Nat.  Poiu.,  vn,  284,  1831,  locality 

unknown ;  depth  3  in  total  length;  14  longitudinal  streaks. 
PimeUpteniM  boKi  var.neuio,  1>odkbi.bin,  Nat  Sicil.,Ann.  11,  fasc.  2, 1883,  Palermo. 
IHmelepUrtu  botei,  Ci'ViEB  &.  Valenciemnbs,  Hist.  Nat.  Pois.,  vil,  258,  pi.  187, 1831 ;  Jordan 

&  GiLBKBT,  SynopniH,  561, 1883. 
Perea  itetatrix,  LiKN,eus,  Syat.  Nat.,  Ed.  xii,  486, 1766. 
0}fpho$vu  botqui,  Jordan,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mua.  1884, 128. 
Kyphotm  teclatrix,  Jordan  &  Fesuek,  I.  e.,  525, 1803. 


1767.  KTPHOSUS  M'TE8€ENN  (Jordan  &  GUbert). 

Head  SJ ;  depth  2i.  D.  XI,  11 ;  A.  Ill,  1 1 ;  scales  12-67-22.  Body  "oblong- 
elliptical,  robust;  the  dorsal  and  ventral  outlines  moderately  and  nearly 
iMjually  arched ;  head-  blnntish ;  the  protile  evenly  curved,  without  depres- 
sion in  front  of  tbu  eye;  th<>  preorbital  region  less  gibbous  than  in  K.  tecta- 
trix;  mouth  terminal,  the  lower  .jaw  slightly  the  shorter,  thebrond  maxillary 
reaching  to  opposite  the  front  of  the  eye,  its  width  about  equal  to  that  of 
the  preorbital;  teeth  in  both  jaws  broad,  rounded  or  subtruucate,  in 
single  rows,  the  horizontal  roots  longer  than  the  crown,  but  uot  twice  as 
long;  about  36  teeth  in  each  jaw;  bohiud  the  large  teeth  in  each  jaw  is  a 
band  of  rasp-like  asperities;  gill  rakers  short,  alrout  6-|-16;  jireopercle 
with  its  angle  rounded  and  membrauaooous,  the  vertical  limb  straight  aud 
minutely  serrulate;  cheeks  with  10  or  11  rows  of  scales,  including  smaller 
ones;  preorbital,  jaws,  snout,  rim  of  eye,  and  rounded  part  of  preopercle 
naked,  the  head  otherwise. rlosely  scaly ;  scales  on  body  rather  small,  firm, 
snioitthish,  those  on  breast  smaller;  fins,  as  usual,  with  the  soft  parts 
covered  with  small  scales;  dorsal  spines  rather  high  and  strong,  the 
middle  ones  highest,  higher  thiin  the  soft  rays,  nearly  twice  the  height  of 
the  last  spine,  aud  2J^  in  heiul,  3|  in  greatest  depth  of  body ;  soft  dorsal 
rather  high,  not  at  all  falrate,  the  first  rays  :  the  length  of  the  he.id;  anal 
fin  similar,  shorter  and  higher,  the  spines  graduated,  the  longest  rays 
more  than  i  length  of  liea<l ;  caudal  wide,  moderately  forked,  the  lobes 
ecjual,  the  longer  as  long  or  a  little  longer  than  head,  the  depth  of  the 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  Norlh  America.      1389 


flu,  from  tii>  lo  (ip.  alioiil  e(|ii.al  to  ■;rf:iteMt  <lr|>tli  of  body.  Fot'toriilti 
Hliort,  ali^litly  lonjjLT  tliiiii  VLMiti afs,  iiH  loiijt  no  I'roiii  snotit  to  edge  of  pro- 
opercle.  VoutralH  placed  will  htdiind  jn'ctoralN,  not  ri'iirliiiig  ^  ont.  Color- 
ation in  H[>ii'its,  iioatIv  iiiufonii  litjlit  j<;ray).'<h,  witlioiit  diatitii't  iitnrkingit; 
golden  yellow  in  lifr,  iin'ordiiiK  to  Lieutoiiuut  Nichols;  very  faint  darker 
Dtreaks  prBHent  alon^  tlio  rnWBof  Roitlen;  prnorliitul,  ftnliorKilnl,  and  |)rc- 
opiTcle  Uriglit  Hilv«>ry ;  |i»wi«r  jaw  t>ilvfry ;  both  jawo  dusky  nt  tip;  flnsnll 
pjilo;  very  oliR'Mire  darkflr  Ulotcli  in  front  of  biiso  of  jvwtttrftl.  Niinurmis 
8|wcimi,'U8  colU'otf'il  liy  HolM<rt  C  MtUrcfjor  itt  4'liirioii  Jind  Socorro  iaiaiida 
show  8nrprisiii<^  variations  in  color,  iSoiiio  iiro  wholly  dark  utt-cl  Ithic,  (lie 
pule  strraki*  faint,  noriie  aro  lirifjlit  loiiioii  yi-llow  as  the.  original  lypi", 
wliilo  othi'rB  Iwive  yidlnw  hloti^hi'M  vsriouitly  placi'd,  snitietiuiea  tlii^  bead 
only  bright  yi-llow. 

TheBpccirs  ri'sctubli-H  A',  elfi/atiii,  bnt  is  very  distinrt,  tbcdc])tb  1<!n8  2( 
to  2^  (2  in  flegani),  thi-  hoiiIcm  sniiilbr,  iklinOKt  aH  srnnl!  :ih  in  A',  iiiialiiyiis, 
the  atreaka  narrow  and  ol)B<'ur<t.  'I'Ik^  iinnl  ih  liigh<>r  and  shorter  than  iii 
ir/rr/rinii,  its  longOHt  ray  It  in  basoof  Moft  p:irt,2^  in  lua^l.  I'crtoral  longi-r, 
1^  In  head  (  H  in  eletfant).  Ti-eth  Itroadcr  iind  iiioreeonipri-gsi-d  thim  iu  any 
otbiT  of  oar  Hprciea,  the  maxillary  longcT.  reaching  to  opjiositc  pupil,  3^ 
in  bi-ad  (HI  in  t\egar»»  and  nnttloijut),  the  prcinasiHary  iiroce88cn  i'xt<'nd- 
tiig  farther  buck.  Iiongest  ray  of  anal  is  Sin  baw  nf  anft  part  of  tin  in 
avalogu*.  2  iu  elegant,  U  in  luliHrenn.  I^ongtb  \G  inches.  l{'*vi])agigedo 
Arrbipelago;  known  only  frotn  Sooorrn  and  Clarion  iHlanilu.  {luteBirna 
growing  yi'ljow,) 

ItiKrlfjitrriiM  lulfumt,  JiiHUAS  A  ( IIUIKBT,  Proc.  I'.  S.  Nut.  Mud.  IKSt,  229,  Braithwalte 

Bay,  Socorro  Island  (C'nll.  Lioul.  Nirliulsl ;  JOHliAK.  UiiU.  T.  S.  Fi»li  Comiii.  \m\,  :i2i«. 

KfpkotuM  luUteau,  ,TOKDA»,  Proo.  1.'.  S.  Hat.  Una.  1885,  38U;  JOKOAN  &  Fksijir.  {.  c..!k*0. 

567.  SECTATOR,  .lordan  &  Fcaler, 

Blor,  JoRPA»  Jt.  Fkslek,  Revinn:  S|iari>i<l  Kiiibea,  !iM,  Ifdll  (ncuuriin). 

hin  gnniix  it  very  closi-  to  liiiithoinit,  from  which  it  ditlrrs  in  its  tinitller 
iurisor  teeth,  wlii<'h  have  very  inuonnpiiMionfl  roota,  and  by  thn  dcojily 
forked  candal.  (urcUitur,  ouu  that  foUowN,  a  name  early  applied  to  the 
rndder-tish  from  its  custom  of  following  Mhipa.) 


11S8,  HBCTATt»K  IICVUKIIN  aortton  A  liillierlj. 

HejMl  %* ;  depth  2;.  \>.  XI,  i;i:  .\.  Itl,  II ;  sralcs  IL'-TK-L-n  (rows).  Body 
oblong-clUptii-a),  much  loan  comprenHtid  and  oluviiOtl  th:tn  in  n-lutt^l  Hpe- 
cie-s;  both  dorsal  and  vtntr;il  iMilltni'.'«  t<'guhirly  iind  nijarly  oipially  i'urvdd; 
frontal  region  little  gilibons,  tht^  (Ir])ru.><Htoii  li<-low  it  little  marked  and 
the  8n«iat  srari'dy  Idnnt;  nmntli  wninll,  terminal,  the  lower  jaw  Hlightly 
included;  maxillary  not  rt-afliiivg  front  of  oyo;  inriaor  teeth  very  small, 
abont  30  in  tin-  npper  jaw  lanceoliitc,  each  with  a  very  small  horizontal 
process,  nliortcr  than  the  tnntli ;  licbiiid  thi'tii  a  band  of  scan^oly  evident 
aaperilieK;  patches  of  winiilar  iu-spcritifH  on  voiniT  and  pnlatineH;  eye  very 
large,  nearly  as  long  as  snout,  its  dinniclcr  nearly  ]  intcrorbital  width  and 
i  length  of  bead;  preoperile  iirodtiucd  and  rounded  at  angle,  its  mwcp' 


i;i90         Bulletin  47,  United  States  NaiUmal  Museum. 


weftkly  Bemilut<>;  gill  iiieinbniiieH  united  gtraight  across  hmast,  free  from 
tbi'  istliimii*,  their  free  liurdcr  iiin]<'r  posterior  piirt  of  eye;  gill  rakerH 
anjall  imd  sliiirt;  pseii(lulirniirlii;i>  preaeut;  bi'ad  more  completely  H<'ulf<] 
tbau  in  A',  stclalrir;  the  UiikctI  an-as  Biinilur,  but  more  rcstiicteil;  Rciiles 
striutt'd  iiud  ntgc-e,  butscarcoly  cteunid,  imick smoother thiiii  iti  K.  tertalrU, 
those  ou  iiiiddb-  of  sides  liirgi-«t,  those  on  breast  not  much  rcilnted  in  niy.o; 
soft  doj'sul  and  mini  completely  covt^red  trilh  Hcaiea,  tbe  pectontls  iiiid 
csiidnl  nearly  «a;  doisul  sjiiiies  low.  the  loiij^e.st  Hj  iu  head,  tb<^  baoe  uf  the 
tin  ucnrly  oipviil  to  that  of  the  Hoft  dorsnl  or  the  iiniil ;  soft  dorsal  very 
low,  itK  liiHt  ray  longest,  its  ntiddle  raya  not  so  long  na  the  ey<-;  cuadiil 
exti"«uuidy  loiifi,  rlei-ply  forked,  the  lobes  fulcatr,  tbi'  upper  rays  more  than 
4  liini'H  the  Icii^tb  of  th<^  middle  rays  and  equni  to  tbe  groiitj-at  depth 
of  tbe  body;  aunl  Ion;;  and  low,  ita  base  greater  tbtiu  length  of  heud,  it,t 
luKt  ray  longest,  its  iniddb'  rays  shorter  than  eye;  iiunl  g])iueH  small,  grndii- 
attid;  veiitrals  wliort.  well  liehiud  pect<jnil8,  nearly  J  length  of  head,  and 
reaching  h.ilfway  to  front  of  :iiiul,'  pectorals  short,  a  little  more  than 
i  bead,  i'olor  in  life:  Back  iiiiil  Hides  ubore  light  olive-brown,  becoiuitig 
yellowiHh-olivo  brdow ;  lielly  and  lower  part  of  Hides  white;  each  side 
of  buck  with  a  very  distinct  durli-ldue  stripe,  pominenciug  n  little  in  front 
of  origin  of  ilor.siil  and  running  to  iipjier  lobe  of  cainbil  tin,  gradually 
ilirreaHing  in  width  backwiird  to  cniulnl  pediuiidc,  rdung  which  it  is  sud- 
denly uarrowed;  a  small  liliie  spot  on  nio<1iaii  line  between  the  orbits,  a 
broad  bhie  stripe  from  auoiit  tUrongb  eye  to  sti|irascii|iiila;  a  second  from 
Htiout  through  lower  ui.'irgiii  of  orbit  to  eiperrle,  where  it  is  uhrviptly 
ex]ianded;  lores  gulden,  a  bmad  gidden  stripe  bdiiml  angle  of  month,  imt 
reaching  pieojicrcubtr  mnrgiii ;  a  broad  diirk-bhie  wlripe  from  iLbove  liaso 
uf  jtectiirnls  straight  to  base  <if  median  caudal  rays;  below  this  is  »  nar- 
rower g(ddfii  stripe;  lower  part  of  aides  with  indistinct  lougitudiiuil 
brownish  streaks  along  tbe  iHttrgins  of  the  aeries  uf  scales;  vertical  tina 
gobleii  yellow,  caudal  niirrowly  margined  with  black  ;  pectorals  brown 
within,  the  outer  side  ailvery  witli  yellow  tinge;  vcntrala  yellow  on  inner 
margius,  silvery  on  the  outer;  nxtf  of  month  and  tongue  bright  wliito. 
Pnnamn;  known  only  from  the  original  types.     (nVxt'';,  swift;  ui<pu.  tail.) 

PiriitlO'lervM  iifyuriit,  .Iohoan  A  rilLnBUT.  Bull.  r.  S.  Fish  (Joium.  lH8t,  327.  3M,  Bay  of 

Panama.     (Tjpp,  No  2».10.'i,  T.  .S.  S.  M.     C<«U.  C.  11  riillicrl.) 
Ji-jjihotiiM  ocjiurui,  JORDAif.  I'riM-,  V.  S.  Nat.  Mim.  KWS,  SSO;  JciBDAN  \  FtsLBR.  I.  <•  ,  W«, 

568.  MEOIALUNA,  Jordan  &  Fealer. 

(Mkiiialunah.) 

UtHnluna,  JOBDAN  &  FBSUm,  l{«vi«w  SpHTOlil  Ffalies,  (M,  ISM  (eaI\^orm'<m«u). 

Body  ovate-elliptical,  covered  with  small,  firm,  ctenoid  scales,  which 
nlsii  cover  tli>'  nieiubraiies  uf  the  soft  parts  ni  the  vertical  fins;  month 
sniidl.  tiTiiiinal,  hnri^untal;  fh<^  iitaxitlary  narrow,  stip[iiug  under  the 
edgoof  the  rather  narmw  preorUital ;  sides,  tup  of  head,  and  Jaws  closely 
scaled;  preopcrcle  ininntely  creinil;it<*  at  nugle;  jaws  with  broad  bands 
of  sleudiT  teotb,  those  in  the  outer  series  iacisor-like,  oorapreased,  nar- 
row, and  ]auc6olat«  in  form,  the  outer  snrfaeu  transversely  convex,  the 


Jordan  and  Rvcrmamt. — Fishes  of  North  America,     1391 


inner  concave;  the  other  teeth  of  tlui  jaws  similar,  but  ^ow  pmjfrHSM- 
ively  Huiiiller  biu'kwsinl  towiiril  the  iirsiile  nf  tlii>  tnoiitli ;  inL'iKors  without 
conspiciioaa  root^  behiiul;  all  the  teeth  Koitit!wh;i,t  iiuiv;(t>Ie,  iis  iu  Uirellti: 
no  molar  tcetb ;  vomer,  pnhitiuea,  aiid  toiijjui'  with  patclioH  of  minute 
villiform  teeth;  i^ill  nikere  Hleiiiler,  riither  Inii^;  ddrsol  K])iue»  law,  in  u 
Hiiglit  unlove,  nhoiit  li>  in  ntinibor,  ^'rniliiiillv  iiKreriHiii^  in  hoi^'ht  ti>  the 
Kixtli.  thi'ii  deiieaHinfj;  woft  part  of  the  fin  clorif^utc,  iiiiu-b  lniijjcr  tbjiii  Mm 
HpitionH  piirt,  not  falcute,  tho  lou^^fst  nvy  i  bium  of  the  mift-tiiyud  piiit  of 
till,  the  (ill  priiiitMt  lii'biiirl;  aiiiil  ('Oiii[inrutiv>«]y  abort,  itH  buBi'  ^-tj  in  hmly, 
its  rava  III,  Ul;  aniil  ajiineH  sni:ili,  |i;r!iilu>ili-il,  tbo  »nft  ra.VH  iiiiiut.>roii8; 
I'liiidiil  Inuute;  Hcales  tliinnish,  adherent,  vritli  sruMller  oiiph  iiit<*rniix(>d; 
pyloric  en'Cft  extremely  uiiiuciroui*;  iiir  hbidiler  nmalt ;  brunelHostcpilM.  7. 
This  genua  contaiim  a  dinfrlo  Hpcuii's  which  bidou^s  to  tbe  Califnrniiin 
fauna,  itn  nean-st  relntivcr  !4f><>mfl  tu  be  the  Aiintralijin  frenns  Aiypiclithijg, 
Giintber,  wbii'h  has  a  dilt'ereiit  I'm  formula  (D,  XI,  15;  A.  Ill,  I'O.  and  tbo 
middle  ilnrsal  spines  miieh  loiij^er,  aliont  \  of  heiul.  These  fisbes  almw 
Hiiniu  analogies  to  the  Chiiloiloiitidir  iu  form  :mct  duiititiuii  mid  in  the 
scaling  of  the  Mub.  The.  ostoolojjy  ia,  howes-ei-,  niiicli  us  in  l(i)phu*ufi  and 
(iirflla,  and  is  essentially  Percoiil,  Tbe  powt-teiaporal  in  idiort  and  thick, 
not  anehylotied  in  the  sknll.  (Spanish  luedialunn — half  luonn,  the  veruacti- 
lar  name  of  the  typical  species  in  ( 'nlifornia. ) 

17«».  MKUUliDXA  riLIFOKMKNMre  (SteindMhucr). 


(McoiAi.UNA.  Haij'  Moon.) 

Head  3};  depth  3^;  eye  small,  ,'  in  head,  H  iu  suoiit,  i).  IX-I.  2^2;  A. 
III.  lil;  scales  9-.">K-]2.  Hody  oviiteclliptieal,  its  ontlinos  regnlar;  head 
IduutiNh,  roiuiiled,  the  prolile  strongly  couvox ;  maxillary  narrow,  not 
reacbinj;  front  of  eye;  preurldta!  narrow;  mouth  .small,  teniiiiiikl.  bori- 
itoiitMl;  jiiWB  with  broad  liMiidn  i>f  sleuiler  teeth,  the  outer  <'oiiipre»»ed, 
niirrowly  lanreolate,  without  evident  rootM  Iwliind:  outer  teetli  similar, 
jfrowinjf  Biiialler  baekwunl.  iill  soiiiewliat  niovuide;  vomer,  palatines.  ;iii(l 
ton<;no  with  patoheM  of  minute  teeth;  jjill  rakers  Klonder,  ratliBr  long, 
about  8+17;  preoperele  entire.  Itornal  xpiiie.H  low,  the  iiiidille  Hpiiies 
highest,  scarcely  longer  than  eye;  soft  dorsal  tow,  not  elevated  in  tVont, 
little  higher  than  spines;  anal  low;  caudal  liiiiiite,  the  upper  lobe  *di[,'htly 
lunger;  pectorals  short  and  njinow;  ventrala  riitlier  auiall;  seiiles  thin- 
iiisb,  ailhereut,  witli  smaller  oncH  intermixed ;  Hides,  tup  of  Lead,  and  jiiws 
closely  scaled.  Color  blaokisli,  with  steely  luster;  paler,  aud  often  mottled 
below;  sides  with  faint  oldiipie  vortical  lines  of  »p»t»;  lin.'<  binekish. 
Coast  of  southern  California,  Ironi  Point  Comeption  «otithvvard  to  Ccrros 
Island.  This  handmmie  fiHh  ia  jibuiulaiil  on  the  rocky  ctuiiitM  of  HOiitheni 
California.  It  reachex  a  length  of  about  a  font,  and  i»  a  foo«l-ll.sh  tif  good 
quality. 

Seurjii*  calif ariiifmiii ,  STKtvoArHN'Eii,  triitlt.  Boitr.,  m,  19,  ISTli,  Sao  Diego;  JokbAN  X 

i;il.HKRr.  Syiiopitiii,  Dfl2,  1883.  nuil  elsewbere. 
Canivtnma  cnti/ortiientc.  Jordan,  Cnl.  Fiiili.  N.  A.,  02,  1S8S. 
V*itialuna  raliftmitruit.  Jordan  a.  FtaJ.tu,  It.,  I>37, 1803. 


1392         Bulldin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


Fttmily  CLV.    SCLENID^. 
(TlIK  Croakrrs.) 

Rody  compres8«4,  morv  or  less  ulonj^ste,  covered  with  rftther  thin  scale* 
wiiich  nro  nxiially  tnorc  or  lens  ctenoid.  Lnt^ml  line  rontiiniQua,  nanally 
tiioro  01  Imh  coiK-iirwut  with  thp  harlt,  extendiii^  on  cniidal  fin.  Head 
proiiiiiii'iit,  covprtd  witli  sciilcs:  Ixiurs  of  tlic  skull  cnvemous,  the  mucif- 
ortiiiH  M.VHt'Uiii  lii^hlv  ilt>vc'lc»|»t'(l,  thtt  fturfnco  of  tlio  Nkiill,  when  the  flesh  is 
1*Mh>v«m1,  very  iinevon.  Siibofliitftl  lioiiee  without  h  backward  projectiug 
"Htay."  (.'Iiin  iiBunlly  witli  poroHj  somutinies  uitli  barliela.  Month  xinnll 
or  liiiXL\  I  hi'  t-c-ptli  in  0110  01  iiiom  seric;*.  the  oiitcir  of  which  iire  soiuetimea 
enlarged;  canines  oTti-ii  prt^aoiit.  No  iiirisnr  nor  nioliir  tcotb;  no  tcvth  on 
Vomer. pttlfttiniR,  (ifpryfroids,  iiorton>;n«.  Miixillnry  witlioutfliifiplf^incntal 
hone,  r»li)ipiiii;  unittir  tin'  ffi-*?  edjje  of  the  ]ir«orl)it;il,  which  m  nsnidly 
linind.  I'ri'iriiiMlliirics  protrnctilf",  lint  not  very  t"r<*cly  movable.  Nostrils 
dontilo.  IVeiidolmmfhiir  nsiially  Inrp',  ]irot«ciit  in  moot  of  the  genem. 
Oills  I,  !i  Hlif  lielviinl  tbuitl).  Gill  rakers  present.  Branch()flt«i;iil8  7. 
Gill  nietiiUr^incs  Hcparalc,  Irec  from  tho  istlitnus.  Lower  pharyugealii 
sopiirntu  or  nnitcil,  oCtnii  i-iil.ir(ii'(l,  the  twth  conic  or  molnr.  Prcoj>ercle 
scrr»t«  or  not.  Opurclc  ii.Hunlly  ondin^  in  2  fliit  points.  Dorsal  fin 
ilcnply  nnttlu'il  or  (li\iilfil  into  2  (viim,  tli(<  Riift  «lor.Hji|  ))'eing  the  longer, 
the  Hpiiu'w  (k'prcHuilili'  into  a  iiinrii  or  les-t  p(irf<!rt  jtroovo.  Anal  fin  with 
1  or  2  «piiict>,  never  more  lliiin  '2.  ^'cutnil  tu\»  thonicic,  I,  .'>,  hetow  or 
liohiud  poctonilK.  I'octoral  line  normiil.  Cnudnl  lin  iisn.-iily  not  forked. 
Kiu-  Iionns  or  otoliths  very  liirge.  I'yloric  cicc-a  nsnally  rather  few.  Air 
hliulder  usually  huge,  and  complicated  (  wanting  in  MfntieirrhHs).  Moat 
of  the  gpciios  make  a  pcniiliar  noise,  i-nllcd  varionsly  croaking,  grnntint;. 
drumminj^,  iind  Hnorin^;  this  sonnd  issuppoHcd  to  lin  caiiseil  by  forcing; 
the  air  fToni  t)ic  :tir  hlttdder  into  one  of  tlio  lateral  horns.  An  important 
family  of  30  genera  nnd  150  speciea,  found  on  sutidy  shores  in  all  warni 
Mag,  a  few  species  being  confined  to  fresh  wat^ers.  Nom^  occurs  in  deep 
water  and  none  amon^  rockx,  Mnny  ol'  them  rcnch  a  lar);e  size,  and 
nearly  all  are  valued  for  food.  All  are  carnivorontt  and  .tome  are  of  inter- 
est as  game  lishcs. '     {Sciirn'idiv,  (Jiinther,  Cut.  Fishes,  ii,  265-318.) 

We  licgin  our  Heries  id"  SnnniA<r  with  tho  fjenns  SrripUnt,  which  is  per- 
haps most  primitive  of  the  existing  geneni,  and  wi-  close  it  with  Eifwrt, 
which  stiinilN  at  the  opposite  extreme  from  Seriphiii.  In  piistting  down  the 
scries  from  Xehrin  and  'Wonfoiciow,  the  most  OtofilAn^-like  of  tho  ^cia'aiao', 
to  Sciaita,  MdHlMrfhut,  F:<]ii«*,  and  tho  other  extreme  forms,  we  find  no 
very  sharp  line  of  division.  The  middle  line,  if  wo  may  so  A]ieak,  lies 
between  llairHklla  rhri/mtlructi  and  (fphiotrion  »rifrii»,  two  Hpef'tes  really 
i>tosely  nllied  to  each  other. 

The  Sinriniiiii-  lonstitntc  an  irreffnlarly  graduated  series,  the  obarocters 
(ilmnifio)^  hy  Hniall  and  often  siMrcely  perceptilili*  gradations  from  the 
ftiiiu*  allied  to  ^'iiiioncitm  on  the  one  hand  to  tliorte  approaching  Equu  on 
the  other. 


'  Jk  iwvli'W  or  tlir  Sfiit^itlir  of  America  and  Ktiropo  tini  tsseu  pQlilished  by  Jordan  tt 
MltfVUuialiD,  l(«|Mirt  V.  S.  Fish  Ciiinm.  f'lr  1x80  (I8MU|.  :m:i  440,  jils.  1-4. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1393 


Nothingcoiild  be  more  nnutitiini)  ornior<^  ineffective  than  theHiibdivisiui) 
adopted  by  Ciivinr,  whereby  tliB  SriimiMir  witliniit  biirlielM  are  ilix'i<lt'd  into 
3  g^oapH,  Corritia,  Jahiiiug,  aud  ScutHii,  Boluly  on  tlie  Htrc.rigtb  of  the  xet'ond 
anal  8piii«.  This  is  laru'e  in  Corrina,  v«iry  ft-eble  in  Srio-nn,  and  tnt«r- 
iiiodiat4.>  in  Joliniun.  (liiuthcr's  arrangeuipnf,  liy  whicli  thp  HjifinicB  referred 
to  ■liihiiiuB,  iiro  ilividi'il  betvrci'ii  t'orvina  and  Sriirna,  in  no  better,  an  v«ry 
iiiuny  of  the  Hjiccies  have  thiH  Hpiue  ncilber  birgu  nor  huiuII,  uiid  could  tm 
well  )m  idaci'd  in  the  one  jjroiip  :is  tile  otliiT.  J1U>eker  divides  Ibis  group 
into  I'/ieuiloM^ifHa,  specii'H  vvitli  the  nioiilli  <»lilii|U(!  aud  tbe.jaws  sobtMiiial, 
the  lower  jaw  witli  the  tretli  ot  the  inner  row  enlari^ed,  and  .foliiiiiia  with 
the  nioutli  bori/outa!  and  the  KiW4-r  jaw  iiudiidi'd,  tlie  lectli  of  tbt^  lowerjaw 
lieiii);  in  villironii  baiidH.  Tiiiii  arraii^iMiient  \»  better  than  tlie  other  only 
in  theory.  TheoliaractiTM  clmstMt  are  oj"  more  vahie  as  itidicutinjr  rebitiou- 
i<hi|>,  bnt  they  can  not  be  applied  in  jiructiee.  its  there  are  interinodiate 
gradations  of  all  sorts.  The  type  of  Pxtiidotcin-na  (S<-i<tiiit  aqiiila)  is  in  fact 
much  more  nearly  related  to  the  typo  of  Johniui  than  to  moat  of  the 
speciew  a><Kot-lated  with  in  in  P»tH(loj)e\<r»a. 

As  we  proree<l  along  the  series  of  Sriwiiina-  from  Larimuii  toward  yfenli- 
eirrliut,  the  foUowiufj  chanjreR  are  notabln:  In  the  LarimtiK  type  the  poro« 
oti  the  snout  are  Rmall  and  lew,  and  there  are  no  diritinet  slitH  or  lobes  on 
the  snont  alwve  the  njipec  jaw  ;  in  the  other  type  the  pores  bei-otne  larj^e 
:ind  eonnpicuoJiR,  4  Ut  H  in  iinndier,  and  the  tbiekeneil  sntnit  above  the 
iipjier  jaw  has  two  Klits  on  eai'h  xide,  botindin;;  two  dermal  bdiea.  The 
iiuHith  becomes  eiuialler,  narrower,  nion*  hori/nntal  as  wo  prnreoil  toward 
.\teHticirrliui>,  the  lower  jaw  .shorter,  and  the  bandj*  of  t«('tb  iti  both  jaws 
more  and  more  broail,  tliosi^  in  the  lower  more  deeidt-dly  villifortn;  the 
pores  on  the  nliiii  become  larger  and  more  iiiiineroiis,  the  number  rising 
from  2  to  r>;  the  lower  pharynjjoals  licconie  larger,  and  their  teeth  hirjjer 
and  less  aeutej  the  preorbitul  becomes  wider  and  more  )riblious,  the  ^ill 
rakers,  shorter,  fewer,  and  more  like  tubercles;  the  anal  fin  is  placed  far- 
ther forward,  and  the  8|iiae«  of  the  finn  generally  are  less  slender;  the 
scales,  as  a  rule,  bcoonio  rongher  and  the  rows  of  scales  less  rcgnlar  in 
their  direction.  The  llosh,  as  a  nile,  beeomes  firmer,  coarser,  less  agree- 
able iu  tlavor,  and  of  leas  value  as  food;  bnt  this,  like  some  other  charac- 
ters mentioned  above,  is  siilijeet  to  macb  variiitiou.  It  may  be  noted  that 
in  some  Sriniiiiliv  the  middle  rays  of  the  eaudul  are  more  pripdiired  in 
yoiin<;  specimens,  lu  some,  also,  the  seirations  itn  the  prtHijicrile  become 
weaker  or  even  ob8olet«  with  aye.    (Snaniilo;  (Jiintber,  ( 'at.,  n,  26.">-U18.) 

I.  V«rtelim- U  or  15  t  W  nr  11,  IhcrtlAliiminnI  pnrtinnorthrfipiiiiil  colunni  luiviny  ulwajii 
mora  Tert«bra<  tlinii  Itii'  camlal  portii>ii,  (ti4i  ntial  liu  Ih-Iiij;  p'Httrinr  in  ju  iris'ir- 
tiufi ;  iMidj  iitun*  nr  Ii'am  *'liingnti',  llic  iiiiHitli  l»rg;t\  llii^  Iuwit  Jiih'  prDji^ctlnt;,  the 
pnMipnn'le  with  s  i-reuiilatc.  tiuiniUmiinrpiniA  lM>riler;  unniil  in  il  limit  iliistlnct  jKirrn 
«r  "IIU.  UK  liarlicln;  Jinorliitjil  miiTow  ;  Kill  r-.ikiTH  alciiiler.  iiKMlenile,  Ur  ralliiT 
lo»g.  niiol  fln  witli  I  nr  J  vi-rj'  wciik  »piiii>!i,  thi'  sch^oiiU  cloncK-  t'lmiKH'lw)  with  the 
fir«t  siift  my,  «oiili.'«  numll,  HnuinthiKh. 
•■  Anal  flu  \mig,  of  15  to  21  iiort  niyii.  its  leni;tli  imnn'  tli.iii  hall'  thiti  til'  Mth  ilaritid  :  (Iim-n*! 
tins  nioro  or  Iw.t  aopiirntc-d :  xnfi  tlorNnI  and  anul  Dim  i'1i>i«-I,v  i<t'ale<1 
h.  TnsUi  Hinsll,  Bbarp.  siilHtiual,  iiiiiftnrinl  balow.  in  s  narrow  Imiiil  nlmrc,  no 
eauiaes;  anal  ami  iKilt  ilomitl  with  2U  tu  li2  ruyiteiu'h,  the  Toruirr  l>ul  little 


1396         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


pp.  Head  rsry  broad  above,  tho  intnorbltal 
space  flattuh,  oxoeuively  caTonioiu, 
the  Bopta  redaceil  to  thin  partitions; 
soft  dorsal  and  anal  Sn  usoally  densely 
scaly;  second  spine  of  dorsal  usoally 
thickened.  STEixmB,  5B1. 

U.  Oill  rakers  comparatively  short  and  thick,  nsually  not  longer 
than  post<>ri<ir  nostril ;  anal  fln  inserted  farther  forward ; 
snout  nl>ove  lower  Jaw  with  large  pores,  and  with  two 
mora  or  less  distinct  slits  on  its  edge,  theae  aometijDea 
obsolete;  preorbital  more  or  leas  broad;  month  mom  or 
luss  inferior. 
V.  IVnoperde  with  its  bony  margin  armed  with  strong  per- 
sisti-nt  spinea  which  do  not  disappear  with  age :  cau- 
dal fin  not  lunate,  the  middle  rays  longer  than  lh<< 
lower.  Ophioscion,  582. 

ve.  Pn>opercle  with  its  bony  margin  serrat**  in  the  young, 
l>ecoming  entire  with  age;  oandal  fin  truncate  or  In- 
nate, the  middle  rays  not  longeat;  slits  and  pores  of 
upper  Jaws  well  developed.  Scmcnops,  583. 

«vp.  I'reopercle  without  bony  serratnies,  its  roembranaoeona 
edge  entire  or  crenate,  or  fHnged ;  slita  and  puree  ol 
upper  Jaw  well  developed.  Scijcna,  584. 

kk.  I^wer  pharyngeals  very  broad,  with  ooarse  blunt  molar  teeth: 
tiH-th  in  both  Jaws  snbeqnal,  in  broad  bands ;  preoperclo  with  its 
bony  margin  coarsely  serrate;  lower  Jaw  included;  snout  with 
Iiores  and'  slits  as  in  i!iiei<pna ;  gill  rakers  rather  abort  and  slender. 

ROKCADOB,  585. 

ij.  T<«tli  very  small,  snbeqnal,  those  in  the  lower  Jaw  wanting  or  deridu- 

<ms;  lower  pharyngeals  rather  broad,  with  paved  teeth;  month 

Huiall,  inferior;  snoot  aa  in  Seiana;  preopercle  entire;  anal  fin 

long,  with  aliont  13  soft  rays;  gill  rakers  shortish,  rather  slender. 

Laio8TOMrg,  586. 
kA.  lA>wer  Jaw  with  one  or  mon>  barbels,  either  at  the  symphysis  or  on  the  rami; 
Kuont  with  slils  and  pores  aa  In  Heimna;  lower  Jaw  included:  preorbital 
broad :  lower  teeth  in  \  illiform  bands ;  gill  rakcra  more  or  less  short, 
v.  Psendobrancbia*  well  developed :  pectoral  fln  not  elongate. 

z.  Lower  Jaw  with  slender  barbels,  usually  several  in  number. 

y.  Barbels  mostly  in  a  tuft  at  the  symphysis  of  lower  Jaw;  month 
very  small,  inferior;  gill  rakers  minute,  thickish;  doiaal 
spines  X  or  XI;  preopercle  sharply  bat  finely  serrate;  pre- 
orbital turgid   and  cavemona,  more  or  leas  tranalucmt; 
oandal  fin  rhombic.    (PInviatile  species.)     Pacrttofs,  587. 
yy.  Karbela  rliiffiy  lateral,  along  the  rami  of  the  lower  Jaw,  nsnally 
none  at  the  symphyais;  lower  pharyngeals  narrow,  with 
shari>  teeth. 
z.  Prraperrle  without  bony  sem;  dorsal  spines  XIT;  gill 
rakers  short,  but  rather  slender.        Gnrromacs,  588. 
rr.  Pm>p<-rrle  with  its  bony  margin  armed  with  strong  teeth : 
dorsal  spinea  X  or  XI;  gill  rakers  short,  thickish. 

MlCKOPOOOM,  588. 
xr.  Irf>Her  jaw  with  a  single  thickish  barbel  at  ila  tip. 

II  .  Air  lilatldrr  large:  anal  spinea  S;  back  more  or  leas  elevated; 
prr«|ierT-le  with  its  bony  margin  crenate  or  aemte;  pec- 
torals short,  shorter  than  veatnla.  <Free  swimming 
siM>cii>«.l  Ukhboia,  mo. 


Jordan  and  Hvcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  .Imcrica.     139T 


iM'.  AJr bladder  nnnc:  annl  spioe  single,  ureak:  trnck  nutotevatn) . 
pnwpercte  wtlb  111  iiiciulimiiaoeous  edge  crfnulatvi  {>«< 
Ion)  tinn louK.  loug*'!'  ttuin  TCotmUi.    ^Ui'H'""  llahi^*.) 

SlK^TK  iBRiirs.  S91. 
nr.  rw)ido1>nuicl<iir  nliHn|xt«,  )>nd.v  lung  aiirl  lnw^  cuadnl  {miDtfdi  pectoral 
Anploti^utM;  |ir<MtjHTi-li*  wilkitMit  kHiny  Hnrrut tires. 
6*.  Mandible  nritli  a  ri>w  of  ulrtidrr  Imrlwls along  itJi  iLUorodgi^;  chin  witli' 
uttt  Utkh  ImrtwU.  I'ARJkUiNilll'Rra.  MKI. 

W.  Maiidilile  witliMUt  tiarbelaali>nt>  tbx  inner  ed^o.    Cbiii  with  two  short 
liarbulai  anrt  duninl  with  30  tu  4U  tii}i>.  LxNclliukUs,  Mi;i. 

AruiDuaomx.t;: 

trf>wr>r  t>h«rynice»lM  vrry  iartfi-*.  (*iiin|>li'li't>'  tinitml,  ruvtirnl  vrillt  <^uarpe  itliisit  jMiveil 
I'vlh;  low«r  jiii- Ini'ludixl;  siiiiiii  with  alilM  nml  piirr-K,  «&  in  A'ri'nia.  gill  rnkmi 
ntlhirr  •burl. 

•■'.   Lower  J«»  with  niltiinrotln  barhelx  alou(;  the  inner  ed/o  of  the 
rmiui;  [iMoiwiTle  nearly  entire.    (Marim' ftpeolua.) 

PlKMlNIAH,  &M. 

ec.  LowerjAwirithinitlHtrtM'IcpreoprrclBaliglitlyaorratc.   (Prmli- 
waUr  i|Micic« . )  Aj>tX}blNOTCS,  503 . 

ff,  TViraoI  «piuo«  clrjAc  t^Jtcrthnr,  the  Arsl  apinu  attMrlii-d  to  tlin  iimt  iiiUimuural,  and 
from  r>  to  12  of  the  s|iine-lieariu);  iuUTtifciraJs  nedued  iu  hotwecn  Ibt?  hi|;h 
iHvipiial  cnot  and  the  Ui'iiral  aplue  uf  Clin  sm-oiid  vertvbra  nn  lhi<  uue  band,  nnd 
that  uf  tbi>  third  vertebra  uii  Ibvotbur;  (K-4--t[iitil  creAt  iiuirb  elevutod.  Month 
•mall.  tuw.  in<^lii<lv<1 ;  tho  t<y'th  i<ii)H'<|iial,  in  villjfona  liaiid»:  nir  bladder  nim- 
|i|b,  prropnrr-le  villi  il«  membniiinrixin«  I'diic  Hi'rrulatn-,  gill  raken  alinrt ,  siiiint 
almre  [imnavillanir  wltli  slit  «n<l  ]Hir<>«  iMijiontinlly  ai  iu  SeUma:  unul  11  n  uniall. 
•ofl  lUinMl  very  long,  of  39  to  &5  raya ;  t  ortcbm;  10  -f  IS  =  2S.  KijOiat,  ^M- 

569.  SERIPHUS,  AyrciB. 
ktu,  ArsiK.  Pnie.  Cal.  Ae.  Sei.,  11.  1861.  80  (jtolilut). 

Mly  olttun;;,  compressed,  coverod  with  mther  large,  deciduous,  cteiiuid 
•onlcvt.  Head  deep,  coiupreHsi'd,  c.-irlnated  buhiml,  depreiwi'd  iilwive  Ihe 
«fe:  snoiit  bliiutiith,  lower  jaw  prujeotiii^';  tnoutli  litrgo,  oblique.  Tneth 
•mnl),  Bhnr|i,  aepunited,  in  u:irrov\-  bnada.  litll  r:ikera  lon^ ;  poeiido- 
Urnnt'hiif  present;  preoperrle  witb  its  iueiiibraiin«eoiis  ed^e  denticiilateil. 
Fin«  fruKilv,  tbc  soft  parts  scaly;  doi^al  lius  woll  apnrt,  l.ho  second 
uuusaally  siii'ill,  shorter  than  tlii*  anal,  which  is  nnii.sually  largi>;  anal 
spines 'i,  ffeble;  caudal  tin  luuate.  Vertobriit  U  +  10i  i>*  in  Otulilkiis  and 
Cjfnottton .  8ixt<  nraull.  *h\o  speviea  in  the  eastern  I'acilic.  {Otfiiipoi,  an 
taUnd  in  the  Grocion  Archi]>olug(>;  n  small  winged  insect;  also  a  kind  of 
woniiwoiNl;  the  nllutuou  in  any  oaae  not  evident. ) 


t:70.  HKKIPHt'N  POLIITK,  Ayrra. 
(QVBBSnHU-.    WlllTS  CBUAKEH.) 

Iit<a<13^;  depth  1;  eye  large,  H  iu  beail;  suoiii  projecting,  H^  in  head. 
P.  Vlll-I,  Ift);  A.  IT,  21  or  22;  sinlee  8-65-9.  Hwly  inodernttdy  idongate, 
eoiuprpaaml ;  prolile  slightly  depreosed  over  the  eyex;  month  large  and 
iw,  the  lower  jaw  more  or  loss  projectiui;  in  the  ndiilt;  premaxilltiry 
iriorly  aliout  on  the  Uvtd  of  thv  lower  margin  of  the  pupil;  maxillary 


1398  Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 

2  in  head,  reaching  to  below  posterior  margin  of  eye;  lower  jaw  with  a 
knob  at  its  symphysis  which  tits  in  a  notch  in  the  upper  jaw;  teeth  all 
small,  sabeqnal,  those  of  the  lower  jaw  in  a  single  series,  except  at  the 
symphysis,  where  there  are  two  or  three  series ;  teeth  of  the  npper  jaw 
in  two  series,  the  inner  ones  much  recurved;  gill  rakers  long  and  slender, 
}  length  of  eye,  7  -fib;  lower  pharyngeals  narrow,  linear,  fragile;  scales 
moderate,  weakly  ctenoid,  those  about  the  head  cycloid;  lateral  line 
straight;  dorsal  spines  weak,  the  highest  2}  to  3  in  head;  soft  dorsal 
falcate,  the  anterior  rays  much  the  longer ;  anal  similar,  its  base  at  least 
as  long  as  that  of  the  soft  dorsal;  interspace  betwtten  dorsals  2^  in  bead; 
ventrals  2  in  bead;  pectorals  1|;  caudal  Innate.  Color  bluish  above,  sides 
and  belly  bright  silvery,  finely  punctate;  vertical  tins  all  bright  yellow; 
in  life,  base  of  pectorals  blackish.  Coast  of  southern  California,  from 
Point  Conception  to  Cerros  Island ;  common  on  sandy  Hhores,  about  San 
Diego  in  shallow  waters.  It  reaches  the  length  of  about  a  foot,  and  is 
an  excellent  pan  fish,     {politut,  polished.) 

Seriphim  poliliis,  Aykks,  I'roc.  Cal.  Ac.  Nut.  Sol.,  n,  1861,  80,  no  locality;  Jokoas  & 
GiLBKHT,  Proc.  U.S.Nat.  Hus.  1880,  450;  Jordan  &:  (riLBKKT,  Pruc.  V.  8.  Nat.  Hii«. 
1881,  48;  Jordan  &  6  ilbbbt.  Synopsis,  582,1883;  Jordan  &  BiOENMAKN,  I.e.,  352, 1889. 

570.  ISOPISTHUS,  Gill. 
Inopitthvi,  (ilLL,  Proc.  Ao.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1882,  18  (pairiptnnvi). 

This  genus  is  intermediate  between  Seriphnt  and  Cynotcion.  It  has  the 
canine  teeth  of  the  latter,  with  the  long  anal  and  short  second  dorsal  of 
the  former.  The  second  dorsal  has  24  rays;  it  is  well  sepanited  f^om  the 
spinous  dorsal,  and  its  base  is  only  i  longer  than  that  of  the  anal.  Another 
genus  {ArchoHcion  Gill)  is  intermediate  between  iBopisthug  and  Cynotcion, 
having  the  anal  shorter  and  the  dorsals  closer  together  than  in  I$opUthu», 
but  less  so  than  in  Cynotcion.  Canines  strong,  the  lateral  teeth  of  lower 
jaw  more  or  loss  canine-like.  The  separation  of  these  groups  as  genera  is 
perhaps  hardly  justified.  Species  few,  in  tropical  America.  (I'doi,  equal; 
oTCidOe  behind,  the  soft  dorsal  and  nnal  equal.) 

a.  Anal  rays  II,  19;  pectorals  rather  long,  li  in  head:  axil  lirownish.        BEMIPER,  ITTl. 
iM.  Anal  rays  II,  16  or  17;  pM^torals  shortish,  1^  in  head;  axil  pale,    parvipinnis,  1772. 

1771.  ISOPISTHUS  BEXIFER,  Jordan  &(}il1iert. 

Head  3i  (3J  in  total);  depth  4jt  (4i);  «-yo  4i.  D.  VIII-I,  20;  A.  11,  19; 
scales  15-7S-I6,  about  .55  pores.  iioAy  elongate,  cumpri'ssed,  the  back  not 
elevated;  head  compressed;  snout  rnther  short,  not  prominent;  anterior 
profile  slowly  rising  from  snout  to  front  of  dorsal;  premasillaries  extend- 
ing beyond  front  of  snout,  anteriorly  on  the  level  of  the  upper  part  of  the 
pupil;  mouth  large,  very  oblique,  the  maxillary  extending  to  below  the 
middle  of  eye,  its  length  2i  in  head.  Lower  jaw  strongly  projecting  at  tip ; 
chin  without  pores.  Front  of  premaxillaries  with  a  long,  sharp,  curved 
canine  on  each  side  (1  of  these  often  smaller  or  absent) ;  sides  of  upper  jaw 
with  smaller  teeth,  wide-set,  mostly  in  1  row;  lower  j.iw  with  about  2 
series  of  small,  slender  teotb  in  front,  laterally  with  a  single  series  of  small 
teeth,  besides  3  to  (i  large  canines,  much  smaller  than  the  canines  of  the 


fortian  rntd  F.vfrninini . — Fi-ihr'i  of  North  America.     1399 


^lipj>*r  jaw.  i'rcoi'bital  tuirruw,  not  wider  than  tlie  jujpil.  Kye  large, 
I  uliubtly  skortpr  (liuti  Hiioiit,  w-lii<'h  ir  itltoiit  i'i|iial  tu  intprvrbital  \vi<ltb. 
Prt»<>pcrflp  with  »  nienilimnaceoiK*  tlup  at  its  aii^ln,  which  ia  atrtato  an<l 
'  •lighUy  fringed  nt  its  e<l(;e.  Gill  rakers  rAtlicr  strong  aud  slender,  few  iu 
uumlier:  p»<-udobrniicbisi-  well  devflopuil;  nostrils  Biiiall,  th<^  ]iiiMt<>rior 
TertirklW  oblong.  iScnlesBniAll,  ncurly  smooth,  rlt^ciduoiis;  ilontul  and  aiml 
(iiiB  closely  covered  with  sniiill  Boalee;  lateml  line  little  iirched,  becotu- 
ing  BtTAight  Ivebiiid  \eot;  first  dm-^nl  Mniall,  it«  apiues  slender,  the  highest 
'1\  in  length  of  beud,  ffntt  apine  minute  ur  obsolete,  the  tiecoud  not  niiioli 
nbortff  tbMn  third;  space  between  dorsal  fius  abont  ciitial  to  diameter  of 
eye,  3i  in  he»<l;  ouft  dorval  inodfrut<>,  ita  iungeet  ray  n  little  le/<-s  than  \ 
length  of  head:  (.'snclul  tbortiiih,  slightly  (loiibU'-coufave,  its  middle  rnys 
■bunt  \  length  of  head :  bone  of  iiual  ii  length  of  h<-ad,  itit  spines  rudimcn- 
tury ;  vi-ntrala  \  length  of  bead,  roncliing  hulfway  to  v<-nt,  which  is  dose 
in  front  of  nnal ;  jiectorals  rraoliiiig  considerably  beyond  tips  of  \<'ntnd», 
Ibcir  li-ngth  \\  to  \\  iu  head,  1,';  to  Ijt  in  body.  Flesh  ooDipaiativoly  xoft. 
Color  in  life:  Bliiisb-grav  above;  gniyish-nilvery  Ix.dow;  lop  of  ttuont  and 
tip  of  lower  jaw  bliir-kish:  inside  of  uioiitli  yellow,  with  lilmk  on  lower 
lip  within;  linings  of  operrles  black,  bordered  with  pale  orange;  dorsals, 
candal.  nD<i  pectoralt*  with  tine  blank  pnnctulations.  the  gronnd  color  in 
all  except  the  spinous  dorsal  faintly  yellowinh ;  iiual  white,  the  anterior 
part  and  the  tips  of  most  of  tbe  rnys  ynllowish,  piinctatu  with  black ;  ven- 
tmU  white,  tniniaculate;  nilark  blotch  bebiud  orbit  and  another  on  upper 
ray«  of  jiertoral  within.  Tin*  sp<'<'io8  is  extremely  <'hi»e  to  /.  inirripinnit, 
iliflVtring  only  in  the  characters  .those  mcntiODcd.  Panama;  on  sandy 
nliorvis;  rather  common.  (rrni««,  oar;  ftro,  I  bear,  from  tbe  long  pec- 
t«r»is. ) 

Itojnttkrtt   rtmifrr.  .InaOAir  k    liUJIBHT.  Bull.  r.  H.  FUh.  (.'Oluiu.  18H],  32U,   Panama. 
(Typ.>  Xo  SPIBB.  V.  S.  N.  M.    Coll.  Olllwrl.) 


t7;a.  IMOPIHTni'H  PABVIMKNIH  <Cuvl«r.V  VoJoacivooM). 

HkwI  SJ;  depth  3t,  l>.  VIll-l,  i!l ;  A.  fl.  Hi  or  17;  s<ale«  abont  100,  -52 
to  M  poroN.  Itody  mneli  coni|ire.sMed;  pectorals  shortish,  the  npper  rays 
longt-xl,  1 1  iu  brad;  iippiT  caniiieM  very  long,  recurved ;  three  I'nnincs  on 
the  Ktdiyi  of  the  lower  jaw;  b:Me  of  soft  dorsal  1)  tinie.<)  length  of  baMeof 
anal;  distance  bttt(\4-«n  diii.'^alH  about  ei|nal  to  diameter  of  eye;  caudal  Hn 
•ubtrnncute;  color  dark  (dnmbcons  above,  rest  of  body  yellowish- white; 
no  axillary  spMt;  an  indistinct  ehmgate  dark  blotch  from  behind  the  eye 
l«  middle  nf  opefcle.  Coast  of  Ura/.d,  north  to  Cayenne.  Only  the  orig- 
inal typ«of  (his  spi'ciins  iu  the  Mnsenm  of  I'aris  has  been  examined  by  us. 
Thi»  sKcnis  t<i  be  identical  with  the  species  well  (ignriMl  by  i>t«indacbner 
nnder  the  name  hnpinihun  affiiii*,  and  from  Steindachuer's  description  and 
fignre  onr  uccoitnl  has  been  chiefly  drawn,     (parni*,  small ;  pinnn,  fin.) 

^Hiyt'tt,.,.  j.rjf  r>i'>n«ii.  I'I'VIKB  tL  Valehi'IKN'vss.  UI*t.  Xst.  Pniaa.,  V.  84.  1830,  Cayenne; 

•  •■  -0,  :\y:  1K60. 

tur*--  STaixt'ACMKn,  Donksch.  Mat.  Kat.  Kii*.  Acad.  Wii*.  im,  i»,  pi,  2, 

«lg. :;.  Porto  Alejre. 
ftapiMfit  fitrnt.lnui*.  JoBDAR,  Pntr.  Ao.  VtX.  Set.  Fhllft.  188.1. '289:  rt«>ialniBatlaU  uf  l.y|Hi. 
L,i|p*ikaMM«  t^mijnHni:  S'jMikH  k  T!iacX1iAV!<,  f.e.,  3&a,  1680. 


571'  BUCCONE,  Jardan  &  Evermann. 

Butame,  Jokiiaii  &.  Evkumaxn.  ChMk-Liat.  3»4.  1890  ( prtrdnloriut) . 

This  genuH  ia  close  to  Cynotoion,  difl'erinK  ft'om  it  chietly  in  the  form  of 
tlio  luoiilli,  which  Is  lurgt',  oblique,  the  lower  jaw  less  inojertinj;  and  li-sa 
produced  at  8yiii]>|j_v8i8;  it  is  also  vltj' dee|>  u.t  liu»o,  tlie  articuliition  of 
the  maiidiljl*- iiiiiViiig  A  iiiurkott  nu^li^  with  the  ventral  outline;  liod.v  much 
luoro  couiproNHed  than  in  i'ljnnm-hiH,  the  lat«*r«l  line  more  strouvly  arched. 
PHeiidoHraiichiii'  ainiill,  SDiiicriiiic-s  ohHoIcte  on  one-  Hide.  One  species. 
{liiirifne.  the  Spauwh  uuiiie,  fr«»ui  boeu,  month;  Latin  bnoeo,  huvcuniii,  wide- 
mimthed.) 

I77».  Blt'l«>K  I*R.KI1*T«>H1A  (J.vrilau  ,t  (Jilbort). 

(ISoCOXKI 

Head  3};  depth  4  ;  eye  71  inhead;  (*uout4ii.  D.  1X-I,19;  A.  1,9;  Rcales 
nhout  (B.  Minitli  larjip,  oxtronicly  oldiijiie,  the  niitxilhiry  reach i nji  oon- 
sideraldj;  lieyoud  eye,  its  teUKlh  i;'.  in  lieiid ;  body  robust,  deeper,  heavier, 
iuid  with  tilt"  b:iek  more  ulovHted  th.in  in  imy  sjtoeies  of  '.'yHmtoion;  iiuterior 
prolile  depiVBst'd  almve  the  fye,  so  fluit  the  fliiont  prujects;  snout  short, 
not  very  acnle,  head  thicker  thim  in  other  specioa,  the  illterorhit.il  spnce 
e(|iiiil  to  length  ut'  atiout;  tii.txillury  ^ery  lirood,  its  tip  (>  in  head;  canines 
'J,  short  and  stont:  liiteriiL  teeth  of  lower  jaw  moderate;  gill  rakers 
J-  +  H),  rather  lung  and  slender,  ihe  longest  I  eye;  pHuudohraochiii'  ofton 
i)l>solete  on  oue  side;  dorsal  spines  hi f^b,  the  lonj,'i;Ht  2,'„  in  bend;  soft  ilor- 
sal  moderately  sealy,  the  distal  lialf  of  its  rays  largely  naked;  middle 
rpiys  of  euiidal  prod  need  ;  jtertorals  li  in  head;  veiitrul»  a  tritle  shorter. 
I'olor  ])iile,  bluish  above,  silvery  below;  axil  and  iuMide  of  opercle  a  little 
dusky.  Coast  of  rniianm.  The  types  iiiid  <otyi>es,  three  Kpeciniens,  the 
largwt  iieiirly  ;J  ftM't  in  length,  at  Canibridge,  Numerous  others  have  been 
since  taken  1>\  Dr.  tiilbert.     ipriidatorian.  predotnry.) 

Cetirm  printalniiiiK,  ,T(iBUA»  &:  GltiiKliT,  in  JoiiDAN  .t  RlOBNMA.tv,  ICovlew  of  tliv  Suiivnl- 
du-,  303,  ISO),  Panama.     (Typ<.\  Xo.  10901.  XI.  C.  /..     Coll.  A|:aasii.) 


57a.  CYNOSCION,  Gill. 
(Weak-Kishks.  ) 

Cntrevt,  GBOlcow,  Cat.  Fiah.,  Kil.Oray,  49, 1864  {earoUnmnt —ntbttlutui) ;  pnxtcciipiixl  by 
Cftlrrut.  Mc(.'LKU.A.<<u,  Jmini.  Nat.  UIrI.,  n,  lUl.  1843, an  Saat  [niliangvnnaoffnbfM^: 
rriOHobiilu,  Blkkkbk. 

Pj/noirinn,  ("ilLU  Trw.  A«'.  NiiuScl.  I'hila.  1W2, 18  {rqiaKu). 

Apaeudohranrltut,  Gllx,  I'roe.  Ac.  Nat.  Si^l.  I'lilla.  I8TJ,  lH  (fioriw"  — ncoMjMi). 

Alroflofion.  <!IU.  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  .Sri.  I'lilla    1882.  IS  (fr;m(/*iiJr). 

Body  elongate,  little  coinpre-sited,  the  baek  not  elevated.  Head  conical, 
rather  pointed;  month  viTy  large,  terminal,  not  very  oblique,  the  lower 
jaw  jirnjeflitig,  the  ayuiphy.si.s  produeed,  the  angle  at  ba.4e  of  masillary 
ii()t  jirotninent.  Maxillary  very  broad.  Teeth  eharp,  not  closely  set,  in 
rutber  narrow  bands:  ti[i  of  (be  lower  jaw  witliont  canines;  upper  jaw 
with  2  long  caaiueM,  1  of  which  !■«  sonietimes  obsolete;  canines  tapering 


from  baee  to  ti]i;  hitoral  teetli  of  lower  jaw  lai'Kor  than  anterior.  Pre- 
operclc  wilh  its  meiiiliriiiiiKM'miH  eil|f;p  Bernilatr.  the  lioiie  eiiliro.  Lower 
pbnrvugcal  lioaea  Bujiurnto,  tlieir  Ct-ctL  all  ))omt<-il.  <:tll  rakors  ntroiig, 
nitlier  long.  Vertehru-  aliutit  11  +  lit  iiuBteml  ut  lO-f  it  an  iu  SciuMioids 
ffenorally).  I'.si'inliibranLiii;i»  wi-ll  ili-veloiied;  dtiraal  spines  slomlfr,  the 
tins  closely  ciHitifinons;  atuil  sjtiiu-s  I  or  2,  very  feelilp,  tht*  soft  ra,v»  7  tn 
13;  se<-oii«l  (lurdul  long  iitiil  low,  morn  tliati  twtcr  leugtli  of  anal;  veutrals 
inserted  below  pt'ctorals.  tkr  piiliic  l)i»iio  long  and  strong;  eriudal  lin  «ul»- 
trunratc  or  Inoatf,  l.arg«i  lislien  «;liiel)y  of  tlm  watumoF  Aiueriia,  t'losidy 
related  to  the  Oh\  World  gwiiiB  OloUtbuii,  from  wbii'li  tliey  are  diatingitisljed 
by  tliu  alisenct!  of  caiuneti  in  tbo  lower  jaw.  All  of  them  rank  high  as  fimd 
Ashes;  thi>  lltsh  is  rich,  bill  in  soiue  species  louder  and  easily  torn;  btnico 
the  )io]iiilur  iiaiiio  Weak-liHiies.  (wtoj*',  dog;  linior,  .Scitrna;  tho  modern 
Greek  iiauv  of  Umbrina  firriioia.) 

Cysoscios  : 
a.  Smiea  not  very  stnall,  tlir  iatcrnl  liuc  having  ^.'i  In  75  jwrr^,  tlK-  uiiuilx-rnrtrAusvoiito 
orrifii  riiiigiui;  fmiii  5i  Iu  H5,  lirlii);  not  muoli  In  i'Xi'i'Sh  of  tint  utiinlior  uf  poraH: 
heml  rniiipTeHHed,  uot  triitj'  eouirjil;  tijtper  \avr  wilU  (lii4Uurl  I'liiiiueA,  thu  Uanil  nf 
tc•^^tll  in  the  upjicr  jaw  rutlitT  narrow,  tlio  lower  tijetli  siiiull  iinil  In  fi-w  ftorioM  In 
rroni,  Uri;«r  unci  tmisertal  ou  Ihu  shlw. 
b.  S<iftray»  of  tbn  ilor»aI  ami  niuil  wore  or  In*  plos<>ly  »c»I<mI;  Kill  rakere  com- 
pnrativply  long  and  «l8uilor.  0  (o  12  on  the  lower  ]i«rt  ut  llie  an-li,  IIib  longest 
tit  ItMwt  )  th«  iliaiiii'lt^r  of  till!  f  yi?. 
e.  Soft  diinial  of  'JO  to  2:i  raj-a. 

d.  Caudal  Ad  rbomhic,  tlit*  middle  rayit  uonjiideraUly  pTodiiri<d. 

e.  Snout  Hliort,  liliihtiitli.  il  ill  liead ;  moulh  aniall.  little  oliliijiie.  the 

i^aninen  iiaitc  nmall  i  tuhir  puU>,  Avilh  fiiint  darker Htrcnkn,  iixil 

pule, psi-Hdubrsncliiii^  «uuii'liiiii'M  wanting.     D.  IX-I,  'X:  A.I, 

8.  AcoiTA.  IT74. 

te.  Suuut  long,   aliout  a^  In  head;  maxitlary  reachioj;  beyond  eye; 

perioral  aliorlisli,  m  in  liond;  color  nniromily  silvery;  uill 

bmwii.     D.  VIII-Ip'JI  or  U".';   A.II.IO.         scji'amii-inm.s,  1775. 

rfrf.  Caiiilnl  tin  ileeply  lunalv^  tbo  middle  rnyii  uliortcr  tliun  tho  npi>er 

ones ;  I'uloratiou  plain ;  maxillary  reaehing  twyond  <\vo.    II.  IX-I, 

33;   A.  II,  in.  OTUMNOITBai'!',  1776. 

ee.  Sntt  dumal  uT  26  lo  20  rnys ;  caudal  Hd  aubtniDcatv  or  itoable-truncaCe,  the 
niiddlx  rayH  but  aliglitly  phhIiicimI. 
/.  Coloration  nearly  nrilomi  silvery. 

g.  Caudal  truoeale  ;  biKly   /*lEiider,  lln>  depth  tuoD'  than  J  iu  length  i 

nntiiit  aliort;  tuaxillary  not  rencbinj;  beyond  eye.     D.  X-I.  27  ; 

A.  1,  II.  OIILKJIATIW,  1777. 

pj;.  ('audnl  weakly  dwible-iomuve;  body  deep,  I  ho  depth  3^  Iu  3J  lo 

leuglli. 

h.  Snout  long,  ;i}  iu  heati,  longer  than  eye.    JAXAirsNBUt,  177(1. 

hh.  Snoiil  »hort,  4|  in  btsad.ibarter  than  oye.    1).  XI,  27  lo2l), 

A.  II, »  or  10.  KOTiivs,  17711. 

//.  Cuhiriilion  Ijrowniah  nilvery  above,   with  niauy  dark  brown  B|K>ta, 

arranged  m  luidnlatinK  Atreukn;  IhhI)- more  or  lean  eonipreeaed: 

eye  uioilernle,  5  to  7  In  lieiid:  niniillary  etfi'nding  to  below  poa- 

tenor  margin  of  eye,  2}  iu  liend,  c.iniueH  lar;;i-:  eolor   liniwnisb 

silvery,  with  indisireut  relltRtionR,  and  marked  Willi  ni.iny  muiill, 

rather  Irretiular  ilarkbrown  rputi^,  some  of  wliiili  funii  iindnlat. 

iii^liiieM  niniiiDj;  upward  and  backward;  upper  Itua dusky,  lower 

yellowiab. 

3(U0 11 


una 


Bulletin  .fj.  United  States  National  Museum. 


i.  Snont  not  very  Khnrp.  shout  i}  (J  lo  4|)  In  hvad ;  gill  rakers Iobk 

mill  Kk^nilor,  iiaiicLlly  5-10  to  13  in  nriiiiltor:  monibmnes  of 

Huft   (tomiil  nnd  anal    iiiiitu  irr  \r»%  irJiMcly  hcaIv.  tlie  ncalrji 

rrxHllly  (If^riiliious.  REijaub,  ITSn. 

ii.  Baiiiit  vpry  H liarp,  :i]  to  3{  in  lengtli  nT  howl :  pill  rekcirH  Hlinrtt<r, 

ratliiT  nlcuilcr.  4  f  A  or  9  in  numlxtr;  roembraDp  of  soft  domol 

nnd  aual  witli  %'flry  few  iiealns,  theiu!  reiulllj  deciilnonii. 

THALASor^rs.  1781. 

M.  Sodrays  of  tbt>  (lorgAl  nnd  anal  iu-ikl<<liHia  ^  (fill  rskeni  <H>inpAnit!vp|y  Hhort  nnd 

iliickliib,  naiinlly  nnt  longKr  llian  |in]>ll,  iimi  bat  6  tn  8  im  liiwcr  limb  of  tbo 

Arch. 

).  ('nlorallon  not  nniforw,  grayluli  and  «il¥eiry,  Ibe  back  witb  dlsUnci  dnrkt^ 

apoln,  linea.  or  retJonlHtloim ;  caudal  Uu  Ininoate,  or  aligbtly  donblr 

titiiuis  t. 

k.  Son  dorital   iniuiivnljiic^   back  iind   Mid<ta  covored  with  dtirk  liro«n 

atroak*  unci  rvtHMilution"  wlii<'b  nbxrure  tli«  ground  ryilur,  ■■h|h- 

cjully  Hh(ivt<  tilt-  Intt^ntl  line:  latrnil  line  in  ik  pale  Hlreak,  liorderi^l 

alMTr  and   ImIuw    by    n    dnrker    oun;    bivrr    |>arl«  nilvfry:  tin* 

un»p»(l^Ml:  bofly  dw^j»:  anu[\t  luit  nltarp,  piM-tonilM  \\  In  brad.    I). 

X  1.  28:  A.  II,  ».  RETirriATPS,  17«2. 

k\.  Sofl  d<irsal  hii  with  <'ijnMj>k''iioit5  nxlnd  blark  apotH :  bnnk  and  aidfa 

i*ovi^r«d  with  aiinilnr  h|hi(h  anmller  ihaii    tliL*  jvuftll,  larp'r  than 

thoflo  on  th(^  Hnit:  anoiit  Il)'Ut<^,  niui-h  limgi^r  (ban  i'y<^;  |HM3f4jniJ 

'1\  in  lii'iid.    O.  X-l,  a  U)  Tt :  A.  II,  10.  HEnpivosiTii,  1783 

JJ.  C'ldoration  iionrly  niiirorm,  blnUb  jiray  libovp,  ailTorj-  Iwduw;  no  dUtinvt 

»!»"(»,  nit  Itody  or  fiua. 

{.  L'liudal  t!n  antn<<\vlml   Innate  in  the  odnit,  tbo  middle  ra,V«  abarkwt, 

aithoni;!)  ni(*n*  or  li*iwi  protlucwl  in  thcyonn^;  piirtoral  fln  aliorl'. 

nut  ri'Mrliiui;  lipaiif  vi'utrnla.    D.  X-l.  22  or 2.1;  A.  II,  10. 

PABVIPI.V.VIS,  I76t 
U.  Caudal   Sn   alwaya  donblp-trnnwto  or  doiililr.oonriiTe,  the  niiddlu 
ray«  MiUicwbat  pnidiiwrt. 
VI.  l*e<^(onil  liua  re<icbiiig  nearly  or  ijiiitr  to  tlit-  (i]w  of  TrntT»U, 
tbrlr  IfUKth  niori'  tlitin  J  bead. 
».  Second  <tor!i.tI  nC  '2B  or  Zl  raya. 

0.  8calos  nmnll   (ISXfi  .c).   tbr   number  n(  [lorra   in  tbo 

Intoral    lino  iilioitl   70:     ]t>  ad    ratbi^r    loui;.   <'oni- 

pri'Krif^d    iniii    poi)it«Ml :    IhkIv  aU'nilrr:   vyp  larc^; 

p<'oloriiJa  1{  in  livad.     I).  IX-1.  2li.  A.  II.  8. 

.  XAWTnPT.rK,  I7RS. 

0",  S<iali><t  nnid«"rale  (l*-6<1-18),    the  porra  in  tbe  laloral 

line  about  (Kl ;  hrail  lnri;i«,  Ednntiab  ;  body  robuat ; 

mumt  ahiirt.  (  to  41  in  brad.     I).  X-I.  21 :  A.  II,  B. 

ALlll<8,  ITM. 

nn.  SiM'ond  ilorsal  of 'J4  raya;  aimleH  rather  larf>44,  in  S'laeriea, 

the  number  of  iHirea  about  !i5.   anont  sharp,  4|   In 

bead;  mnxillary  2^  hi  head,  body  mlmitt:  f^ll  raki-ra 

2iO;  caiidul  floublivtriiuiTatc;    perioral^  1(  in  hood: 

color  sray.  unmnrked.  MArDONAU>i,  1787 

nun.   ri'cCorul  fliia  Hliort,  reaehiiii:  little   past  niiddlc  of  rpntinla, 

Iheir  leut,th  nut  nuire  than  i  liuwl:  iHtdy  elou^lo;  anunl 

•  nhnrp,  4  in  bi'ail.     1>.  X-I.  21 :  A.  II,  0.     noi./.MAKNI,  I78A. 

AtRAITOWION  (irfHucriK.  apindh';  antot-.  Srurua) : 

aa,  S'jUea  comparatively  aiuall:  the  nnnilxr  of  pan>a  in  the  laloral  line  TttuW,  and 

very  luurh  Icka  than  thu  number  of  tniiiavorai^  rowa.  whirh  ia  froni  85  to  lutl; 

t«eth  of  upper  jaw  in  a  rather  broad  band.  1  to  4  ol  tbe.ui  usually  more  or  lesa 

eanlneliVe,  the  C4uiiuiva  eonerally  amall,  and  aouietiniea  h holly  diaappcaknn); 

witb  age;  lateral  teeth  of  lower  Jaw  not  umch  enlarged;  gill  nkera  nsunlly 

•mail  and  abort. 


J 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America,    1403 


}>.  Caadal  <ln  liumui  or  anbtmnoate;  u-jiIki)  ngt  vi-r;  •iiiiitit :  lieail  inor<>  ft  li>M  dis- 
tinrtly  roDicjtl,  not  tlatU-nt'<l  above ,  cot't  dontal  witli  21  to  2^1  nys, 
J.  Soft  ilunuil  wliully  mnlcli'itn. 

r.  PiH'turul  llu  nillivr  loiij;.  more  tlian  \  hrad ;  lleAli  firm ;  HcnlttH  of  hIiIm 

uf  liiud  nut  «ilver}' :  head  |>oiutt>d :  Kuoiit  luuc  »liur|>,  i\  is  lieud: 

caudal  lunate;  color  p<ilo,  young  with  dark  rruas  biuiilm  a  dimky 

•tmt  in  axil.    D.  X,  31  or  23 ;  A.  II.  0.  Hoarutt.  1780. 

Tt.  Pi'Ctoml  duA  short,  uot  luorr  tlinii  \  longtU  of  bead ;  drnli  ralbur 

Hoft;  aidt*H  nf  itead  bri^lit  wilvery  ;  head  very  ru|;iilarlv  conU'Ol. 

painted,  taprriiig,  ararccly  cotupn  sHfd ;  anuut  very  ai'ata:  \\\  in 

Uc^ad;  oduiiien  quite  atnnll,  iiMmlly  liul  I  i>re«t'Ut,  and  this  diit- 

appiNirliii;  nitb  ngv;  oye  fliaall,  7)  In  \w.aA,  body  niender,  Riibrii' 

xirorni.  iiiiHlpratcdy  conipri«ii«il.    Siuk-A  small,  ^ill  I'vrloid,  tboiic 

on  bead  I'lobiildrd  nml  bright  Ailvrry:  ixniuriiln  nod  veutralit 

•hdiit  r<|iiiU   2  in  bead;   caudal  liiniitc.    Color  >:niyiBli  iibovr, 

wltli   iiriglit  ri'tltx'tluna;   Inaide  of  nioiilb  docp  urnugo  yullow; 

lining  of  o|M-r<-ln  blink;  axil  lirtiwninli.     l-lloxii'.-lU'iiALlii*.  1790. 

VV-  Sort  dOFKuI  tin  with  itH  lower  portion  i-ovnred  mIDi  aniall,  t^adiicou*  nalra. 

Body  <'f>iiipri-8M'<l ;  biMid  cumiHiiiiid  couie;  eiuiinen  amull,  both  prua- 

out;  pi.«  Uimlii  2  iu  hiad  :  OAuda]  weakly  double  truncMtiv     U.  IX,  I, 

21  to2:i;    A.  II,  10.  t.MAUI'KOK,   1781. 

fp.  Caudal  (In  rhombic  or  S-«hap<<d.  Ihr  middle  niya  prudiicml.  the  upp«r  lobu 

ni<iiully  jKiinted  ;  aolt  doroal  with  23  fi  'i*  rays. 

«.  Soft  dorHal  entirely  nukrd ;  anal  with  a  few  lualeit;  lpo<ly  long  anil  Vive, 

npindlo-nlijiiied  ;  liead  dejirennod  nlKivo;  mouth  large;  caniucH  pi'4itu>nt, 

ahurt  and  thick;  eye unall, caudal  S'<>l>aped,  1li<<  middle  raya  longc-at; 

pcctoralit  1 )  in  bend ;  aoales  rery  iiuiaU.    D. X-1, 1A\  A. 1, 8. 

VlBK.-iOK!48,  17U2. 
n.  Soft  donal  and  anal  tina  dnnaidy  w-aly  thronglinnt;  t^Nsth  all  aniul),  the 
CBOiDi>a  uiodomK*:  acalen  very  aniall ;  p<-<<U>ral   i]  in  beail;  caudal 
S-*bAlH<<li  color  BTWinkafa,  aiivcry  below.    D.  XNI,23:  A.  II,U. 

HicBuuicuKxrus,  179J. 

SubKcnua  CYNOSCION. 

1774.  CTKOKCIUN  ACUtlPA*  lUc^pede). 

(AOOPCA;  TOBICOIt.) 

Head  3(;  depth  4;  eye  5J ;  Hiiont  \\.  1>.  X-I,  2t);  A.  1,8;  senles  fifi. 
Mouth  mvdvrat^-,  nut  very  olilii|ue;  th<?  umxilliiry  leurhiug  littl*-  lirvuuil 
cyt-,  il8  leujsttb  iilioiit  2\  iii  heiul.  .SuoiitHhort.liluiiti.ili;  iiioiilL  Hiiitillei' 
anil  h'BJi  gbliqiii-  tbati  in  most  uf  tUi- sjHscii'S,  tins  caniinH  <|uite  Huiiill;  tlit* 
lateral  tj-eth  of  lower  Jaw  Hinttller  and  more  nearly  <.m|  mil  tliaii  in  others; 
lowiT.iuw  a  littli>  prntrurlinj;;  uiu\ilhiry  tsxtuiiiliiiK  to  ponteiior  margin  of 
<!ye,  %\  iu  hfiid;  gill  ruki-ra  3-f  10,  luiij;  and  itloiidvi',  Ihoou  near  tU'^  iiii;L;li' 
riitbi'r  long,  i  eyi-,  the  otlierit  rapiilly  shortoiKMl ;  cyo  Inrgv;  »uft  ilursal 
and  anal  scantily  Hculml,  th<-  dJHtiil  hnlf  liirizfly  naked,  the  lino  ritthi-r 
hi^h,  the  lonijeMt  soft  rayg  '1\  iu  heiiil;  cuiidul  gtuiiituil;  pet-toralH  14  in 
head,  uot  reaehing  tips  of  ventrals;  i;oh>r  ]iiili<,  with  fiiinl  ihirkur  Hti'iuikN 
uliui^  tiidc8  orba«-k;  axil  pale;  operolu  diiaky  witbiu.     Atlautiv  cuual  of 


*  The  alaleinent  ia  niodv  by  Dr.riiintber  that  thix  ii|H>eieM  bieka  |i««ndobnin('.hlii', nudon 
till*  anairtlon  Dr.  fJili  ban  propiw^l  for  it  the  generic  name  Af>teti<lohraHcl<u$.  It  ia 
true  in  Ihlf*  iih  in  other  HiK'cieM  ol'  Vf/tiotrion  th;it  tite  pMui<l(>bnitie.b|je  iHjt'uiiie  Mnialler  with 
age.  PKiially  Ihey  lieeome  (tn  old  spveiuiiuni  nlimilele  on  uno  ■lide  whde  thoy  are  |>cr- 
fwtiy  cvidout  iiu  tiK- other  'l°hla  ih  tlii>  oi^ie  with  all  llio  nid  H|HH'ini«n<«  of  I bia  i>pooie« 
which  w«  hiiveeiiiinimtd.  and  il  ia  Irne  iilao  in  H(^ver;d  olherx  iil  the  larger  apoclca.  Ilie 
gaaua  iptfudobranchut  ia  etricily  ^ynouyniuux  with  C'ynvicivn. 


1404         Bulletin  <fj,  United  States  National  Museum. 


South  America,  Brazil  north  to  Venezuela;  generally  common;  the  speci- 
mens hero  (leHcribed  (10893  M.  C.  Z.)  from  Cacbiara.  {Aco*pa,  a  Porta- 
guese  name  in  Gniana.) 

OhModiptenu  aeoupa,  Lac£p1».DB,  Hist.  Nat  Poias.,  m,  546, 1802,  Cayenne. 
Ltttjanut  eayennentU,  LACtvtOK,  Hist  Nat  Polss.,  it,  196  and  245, 1802,  Cayenne. 
OMithtu  rhomboidalit,  Cuvibb,   Rigne  Animal,  Bd.  2,  II,  173,  1829,  Cayenne;  baaed  on 

Lutjan  dt  Cayenne,  I.AC^pftDB. 
OtolUkui  iotrot,  CuviEB  &  ValbhcIBNNES,  Hiat  Nat  Foiaa.,  V,  72,  pi.  108, 1830,  Cayenne; 

aaoio  typo  as  Lutjan  de  Cayenne,  Lac^pisde,  Surinam;  Braail;  Lalce  Haracaibo; 

CuviBR  St  Valbncirnnbs,  Hint.  Nat  Poisa.,  ix,  178, 1833. 
OloUlhvs  eayennemii,  GCirTRBB,  Cat.,  Ii,  809, 1800. 
Cynoteion  aeoupa,  JOKU  AM,  Proo.  IT.  S.  Nat  Mas.  1886, 588. 
Ctttriut  aooupa,  Joboan  &  EioBiniAHM,  L  c,  363, 1889. 

1776.  C¥NOSCION  SQCjUIIPINXIS  (Giinther). 

Head  3i ;  depth  4 ;  eye  abont  6 ;  snoot  Si.  D.  VIII-1, 21  or  22 ;  A.  II,  10 ; 
scales  10-70-23.  Mouth  moderate,  not  very  obliqnu ;  snout  long;  maxil- 
lary reaching  a  little  beyond  eye,  its  length  about  2|  in  head;  pectoral 
shortish,  1|  in  head ;  lower  jaw  very  prominent ;  lateral  line  becoming 
straight  o]>po8ito  front  of  anal;  caudal  rhombic,  its  middle  rays  produced, 
longer  than  the  out«r  rays ;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  scaly ;  gill  rakers  long 
and  slender  about  x  -f- 11 ;  dorsal  spiuos  weak,  the  longest  2^  in  head. 
Color,  uniform  silvery;  sides  minutely  pnnotulate;  axil  brown;  ventrals 
yellowish.  Pacific  coast  of  tropical  America;  known  from  afewspiici- 
mens  taken  at  La  Union  and  Panama ;  those  here  described  in  the  Museum 
at  Cambridge,    (tqitama,  scale;  pinna,  fin.) 

OtolUhut  iqvamipinnU,  GCnther,  Fishes  Central  America,  387  and  429, 1809,  Panama. 
Oynofion  tquamipinne,  Jordan  St.  Gilbert,  Proc.  V.  S.  Nat  Mus.  1881, 232. 
Ge*treu$  tqwumpinnU,  Jordan  St.  Kiobmhann,  (. «.,  364, 1889. 

1776.  0¥.NOS€ION  OTHONOPTEBCS,  Jordan  dc  GUbert. 

Head  3,'n ;  depth  4 ;  eye  6}  in  head.  D.  IX-I,  23 ;  A,  II,  10;  scales  66, 60 
pores.  Body  rather  elongate,  the  back  somewhat  elev.ated,  the  profile 
from  tip  of  snout  to  dorsal  nearly  straight;  caudal  peduncle  rather  long 
and  slender,  it«  depth  4  in  head.  Head  long  and  pointed,  compressed,  not 
regularly  conical;  mouth  large,  the  lower  jaw  projecting;  maxillary 
broad,  reaching  to  or  »  little  beyond  posterior  margin  of  orbit;  premax- 
illaries  in  front  on  the  level  of  lower  part  of  pupil;  length  of  gape  2\  in 
head.  Teeth  in  upper  jaw  in  u  moderate  band  which  becomes  narrower 
laterally ;  upper  Jaw  with  2  small  canines,  their  length  scarcely  i  diam- 
eter of  pupil;  some  of  the  other  anterior  teeth  enlarged  and  larger  than 
the  lateral  teetli;  teeth  in  lower  jaw  in  a  narrow  band  in  front,  in  a 
single  serifH  laterally,  the  lateral  teeth  much  larger  than  the  anterior. 
Kye  moderate,  broader  than  preorbital,  narrower  than  maxillary,  its 
diameter  a  little  greater  than  \  interorbital  space;  preopercle  with  its 
membranaceous  border  broad  and  covered  with  small  scales.  Gill  rakers 
long  and  strouK,  nearly  as  long  as  eye.  Scales  small,  all  with  conspicuous 
membranaceous  edges ;  all  the  fins  excepting  spinous  dorsal  completely  cov- 
ered with  small  scales,  the  bases  of  the  fins  thickened  by  them ;  a  few  scales 


un  front  of  spinous  ilortial;  Internl  lin©  considi^rably  cnrve<l  ftiiteriorly, 
bi'coming  8triii|jbt  at  a  imitit  in  fruut  of  the  vi-nt.  near  the  orifjin  of  tlin 
soft  ilorsul ;  dorsiil  miinun  coiii|mriitivnly  long  nnd  strou;:,  littlr  l!i'xilil<>, 
the  third  spine  slightiv  longer  thiin  tlie  Keroud,  2)  in  length  of  liciid;  iirnt 
npino  xliort  mid  blender,  about  {  length  nf  aecanil;  dorsaln  not  counccU'd; 
SDCund  dorsal  rather  higii.  ila  lungi'Ht  ravs  3i  iu  hi*u<1 ;  caudultln  liirgi*, 
lnnat(>,  the  outer  ruys  iihout  i  I'lngei'  than  the  middle  rnyx,  which  are  2^ 
in  head;  aual  large,  as  long  as  high,  it«  distal  margin  jierteetly  straight, 
its  longcHt  rayn  about  it  length  of  head;  iinal  »[diii-H  Hiiialj,  ei<velo|ied  in 
th<^  Bcaly  skin,  the  second  alioiit  Jt  height  of  liret  soft  ray;  anal  iiu  terini- 
nuting  considerably  in  front  nf  dorsal;  ventral^  long,  not  roachlng  i|uite 
halfway  to  vent,  their  b-iigtli  ahuiit  J  th:it  of  head;  ]M>ctHiral>i  bri>ad, 
rather  Iniig,  rr-ncbing  a  little  beyond  tijis  of  voiitrals,  and  t'uittiiiiiKtl  ij  iu 
length  of  head.  Slaty-blniHli  above,  silvery  below,  with  bright  rellec- 
tions;  body  ami  tins  ewrywhore  with  dark  iniiHtTilatioiis;  tij>  of  chin 
dark;  tins  yellowish,  the  upper  all  with  dark  edging;  puctoralK  Idiu'UiHh 
on  the  posterior  Hide,  the  axil  and  the  largo  axiliary  seale  diiaky  ;  lower 
jaw  bright  silvery;  lining  of  opercle  dark:  periloncum  pale.  Li'iigtli  2 
feet.  (Julf  of  California;  known  from  2  large  spcM-imitus  taken  in  theOnlf 
of  Califomia.     {ofJui'tf,  veil;  nnpov,  fin,  from  its  »caly  dorsal,) 

Cynoteion  trjitamipinnit,  Stkcitv,  Hull.  U.  S,  Nut.  Mim.,  vil.  49.  1877,  off  San  YEnacio 
River,  GulTof  CaliTornia;  not  Otolilhus  fiunmiinnnU,  (iC.TraKK. 

Oynot'iun  ulkoni>]>trruiH.  JoUDAN  ii  GnJilRT.  I'nx-.  U.  S.  Nal.  Mm.  18HI,  274,  Punta  San 
Felipe,  Mexico.     (Type,  Vo.  2»3ii5.    Coll.  Lirut.  NicUolB.) 

OettrruM  othuHuiitmui,  .ToHIiAX  A:  ElOENMANK,  I.e.,  304,  liMfl. 

177;.  4'YXUS4  ll>\   nBJ,l({rAT(Iti  ( ValenoienDPa). 

He*d  31;  depth  5i;  eye  5  iu  head;  snont  about  ."i.  D.  X-1,  27;  A.  1, 11; 
BCkles  fid.  Caadal  truncate:  body  rather  slender;  maxillary  reaching 
I><Mit<-rior  third  of  eyi';  pectoral  a«  long  as  ventral;  coloration  atiiforni 
silvery ;  scales  of  Ii  us  iindesoribed.  (Sauvage. )  Martinique,  This  species 
is  unknown  to  ns.*  The  increased  nnmberof  dorsal  rays  leails  ns  to  place 
it  iu  the  n<*ighborlicHid  uf  ('.  nothii$,  with  which  .opccies  the  scanty  de- 
scription agrees  iu  most  respects.  C.  nolhut  b;w,  however,  nut  been 
reconled  from  the  West  Indies,     (u&Ju/ciu(h«,  rendered  obli*]U>-.) 

Otolilliv  Mi-iimtuD  (VAlJtNtaKirtrKt)  MS.)  SAL'>-AUit,  Ilidl.  Saiu.  I'liilum.  I'arlH,  in,  tiTTO, 

2(KJ,  Martinique. 
Ofttm*  ubli.iuatut,  JoBliA;<  Jt  KluiuiUAim,  (.  e.,  363,  1889. 


*  Tlio  rollowlli;  is  the  nrrnant  ^tnhliiihed  Ity  Uf.  .S«,nTa((i> : 

"  Uu  OUtlMe  ( tii)iivtt4>  iluim  Iu  eullectiiin  tin  iliiat'iini  tJtulithuM  obliuuattii  do  la  main  do 
Val«*ticli*Dni'*,  ii'rHt  jiu.«  di'iTit  liiiUM  I'HiKtuiri^  dew  I'^iiiKHDjiH.  VntHiur'  nn  i' OtolUttmi  ttialnt- 
winut  Hiillir  .  rt>ttc*  fM|iri;v  fill  dlirrn*pflr  t«-  iiiKin**  j{riindTiniii1ir<.Ml  rrailli-Halii  llgm^  L.-itV*rHl» 
ift  l'a*i]  |ilii>*  uraiid;  la  funiiedir  ta  cu*idii)v  lii  NV'uared*'  VOtnlilhtiB  iinllitit  lluHir..  ili*H  ni«'tiiea 
puragcH.     Vulct  \n  iliii>:niite  drp  doiix  t^x«-Tii[)likiri-n  rci'Ui'illiA  a  lit  51arhni<iLir  pnr  M.  Pl«<o: 

•"IV  X.  2H;  A.  I.  11 ;  L.  lilt,  flo,  Uaiiti'ur  do  corps  I'lintouiM-  clui)  U>if  im  tiirn.  Inu^'ncur 
i\v  1.1  l«'t<'  trum  liiiit  lii  tniin  qimrts  duuM  la  lnngiiiMir  t<ilid"  ibi  ciirp";  iiiiisieiMi  un  jm-m  plus 
luug  epic  ]ti  diMnii'<tni  di>  I'lcil.  qti<<  vt*1  cr>Titi<iiiie  ciu>|  firia  tlnim  la  Ixniiueur  di>  In  tt'-Oi; 
iii44*lioim  JDfi''rii»nr»>  plaji  |i»niru«?  *\tu^  Iu  supiTiovirc ;  den  t-auim-.i  ftMfti'r,  forti-n  h  Iti  inAi'lii>iro 
Kii|i^tii'iiri'  Hcidinirnl.  nin«llluiiT''nrrivant  uiiiilvivtii  dii  lli>ri>]i<i^t/iriviir  ilcl'ii'il ;  nncb'da 
Itm-penule  iirromll  ot  uu  |>(ui  ri'.ieU-  cu  arrli'r*':  dPutcturi'K  clii  [•riwppirciilu  liicn  vlsiltlcs, 
plan  rurt<>'<  II  l'i>i)i;l'-.  Caudalo  tronqiU-c:  iracCurnleH  dc  lui-nio  tnntriK'ur  qui*  lea  vmlraloa. 
Lijinp  laUTule  iu>»ri,  lDcur>'6o  vers  le  mlUon  do  hh  loiiKiieur.  Colnmllou  uniriiniiL>.  I.iiO' 
goenr  du  cu>pa  U.21X)." 


140G  BuUctin  ^j.  United  States  National  Xfusrttm. 


1778.  rrXOBCIOK  Jlll4irK.>'KIN  iV:U1UdI  II  Boroiirtl. 

(Miixiioi.An  IiHrMHKB.) 

HcmmI  3;  depth  3^  (4<|  witb  caadsl) ;  eye  4^  in  head.  D.  X-I,  26  or  27;  A. 
I,}*;  Hcuk'N  ISA;  snout  3}  iti  keiul.  l(ini;er  (liaiieye;  maxillary  tobeluw  niiddl<- 
i>f  pupil,  2i  ill  Ueud  ;  lower  jaw  |>rojfctiiig ;  depth  of  liend  over  hindrr  mar- 
Ijin  iif  <i_ve,  1 J  ill  its  Icnjjth.  A  single  large  canine  in  front  of  upper  jaw. 
I  or  5  Hiiinll  teclh  on  itidc  of  lowr-r  jaw,  other  toeth  few  nnd  small; 
lou^iie  friMi  lit  nuil  mid  itidcH,  with  a  liruad  iiiediMi  gnxiTc;  «Ut  of  poatr- 
rior  iioKtril  iioarly  vortical.  Gill  rakera  3+7,  the  lon^eet  1  eye.  OpereQ- 
liir  tliip  <;xtc5ii<l inj;  heynnil  upper  bnee  ol'  jtectorul;  preopiercle  with  a 
mernbranuuH  inur^in.  DorBulN  contij^oons;  membnine  of  anal  scaled 
ulmoHt  to  tip,  that  of  dor»al  abmit  halfway.  Scalea  weakly  ctrnoid. 
thusu  on  top  of  hfail  irreKtiliir  in  hi/.c.  Pectorals  about  e<|u.al  in  leofth 
to  vcntralH,  1^  in  Ih-hiI;  caudal  dotibly  roncavu,  middle  rays  longeat. 
C'lirvi- of  l.itei'fl.1  linu  ^uiluii],  bet'ciiiiing  xtraight  behind  the  fonrUi  dor^«l 
ray.  Color  in  iilcohul,  very  djirk  olive  above,  the  entire  sides  with  golden 
luster,  paler  In-low;  ilorsals,  perioral,  tind  randol  lightly  ]<i]notate, 
lower  lijis  t5(*lml('sfl.  1'his .species  in  cloxcly  ridated  to  Cyno*riom  obliqualmi, 
dittering  in  liaviDg  th<'  caudal  fltmbly  I'unrave,  and  the  anal  with  but  9 
riiys,  and  eRpeciiilly  in  ile  riiiicb  more  robust  form.  Jamaica.  H<-n' 
dcHcribcd  froiu  4  Mpecimi'nH  8  to  tO  inches  long,  iwnt  us  by  ReT.  Joseph 
Seed  Kobert«,  of  Kingston,  Jamaica. 

inuUlhut  jamaieentu.'  \ kuxxirf  i^  BococBT,  Hiia.  .Sci.  aoHexiqar,  PuiMnaa,  IS^  IS7i. 

Jamaica.    (Type.  No.  A.  SST.  Kna.  Paria.    Coll. F.  Bovnurt.) 
Oynntcion  jamiiictntU,  JoRDVN  k  KiTTRR,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  8oi.  Phiia.  IBST.  114. 

i7;u.  rrvosnav  votimm  iHoibrmk). 

(Ba.sTAIU)  Wkakkieu.) 

Hea<l  3);  depth  3{;  eye  4;  snout  44.  D.  X-I,  ?7to29;  A.  II,  9  or  10; 
BcaleH  6-68  to  62-7.  Caudal  weakly  double  concave;  body  rather  deep; 
eye  Vfry  large,  eijual  tr>  iufernrbitiil  width;  body  more  couipre«Bi-d  than 
in  otiuT  s|ieci(>H,  the  back  Homewliat  elevated ;  snout  rather  short,  not  very 
iti'Ute,  iiiuiith  Hiiialler  than  in  relntcd  xpecie^;  maxillary  2}  in  liead,  reach- 
ing to  lieUivv  posterior  marj;i II  of  pupil;  gill  rakent  long  and  slender,  4 -}-9, 
(lie  liingest  i  i-ye;  lower  pharyngealu  very  slendi'r;  dorsal  fins  ciiiitigu- 
ous;  membrane  of  soft  dorsal  scaled  to  it«  tips;  scales  weakly  ctenoid; 
lateral  line  much  curved  aut^Tiorly,  becoming  straight  nndcr  seventh 
dorsal  spine.  Color  grayish  silvery,  thickly  pnnctiilate  above  and  on 
sides  to   level  of  pectorals,  then  abruptly  silvery,  a  row  of  dark   point" 


'The  fullawlng  is  the  aiibstiuice  of  the  orlKJoal  ao'onnt  of  Cirnoteiotiiamaurntiji 
Head  4^<lepih  4i.     li.  \-l. '.U:  A.  U.S.    Svali-n  6-5a-lx.     BihIv  iniHli'mi'  A 

lowsrJAW  pn>j«*cUne:  nutMit  ixmrly  3  iu  heaiS:  maxillary  rfa<;tiliii;' Dearly  ti'  <l 

dloof  oye;  cyo*^|iiiil  t<j  ibUToriillal  Bpate,  4|  ill  lii'ail     preutH>r<-le  riiiimrnl     »  r 

nX«,  laliTsI  lir<'  ri'<l"e  mitfriorly  nluinst  lo  iipiH-r  foiinb  of  ili'|ilh  of  lioily.  in.  i.n.inj; 
Uiptiiftti  uiiilur  fijurili  "ult  n«3  of  ilornul :  mft  iliiriuil  «.  aly.  Veut  at  <'Oil  of  iliinl  UflU  of 
tuLnl  loii(Jt''-  U'TitaJ  niiitit-n  In-lilt..  iho  loiirtli  Inngtiil,  nearly^  lii-iul  anal  •piD«»  »  er\ 
weak:.  tli<'  Be<'<>nil  U  i"  ''.V*>i  I>e<'(i>ml  1|  In  bowl.  r<<ai-hing  Ux»  uf  vmlmlii.  Cauilal 
•borllab,  llu-iniili"'"  r:i}«  l»nB»al.  No  patMiiloliruuvlibr  tin  tvpe).  Color  plain  sUrerv  iii 
■pIrilH,  without  luwrklngo. 
jsmkicai  one ■tpncimen  m.  zaOln  leninli.     (VnilUnt  .V  Boooart.l 


murking  the  lino  ot'iliviHion  ;  ttniHit  a.iul  tij»  <tf  lij\v«r  jaw  blackUb;  luaiith 
whitv  witliiii:  lowitr  linH  white,  iiji)iitr  thisUy.  •SdimIi  Atlantic  nnU  tiiilf 
coiittt.s  i>f  I'tiitiyl  States;  rather  rftro  nl  Charleston  ;  a  very  wcJl  marked 
specie*,  iLitTLTiii;;  in  inirneroim  re.spcrtK  Iruui  ttiu  utht-rs,  nyaliK,  thalaKninim, 
iirhulotuH,  louud  ill  the  saiiK.i  w.'ktcrH.  Tho  apeoiuieuM  horo  doucribed  are 
frou>  rharlestoii.     (rofiix;,  li;uttar<l.) 

OtoMhtit  nolhui,  HuumoOK,   Irbth.  S.  I '.srolitm,  IM,  pi.  lU.  H);.  I.  IHAu.  South  Carolina; 

tillNTIIKK.  Cat.,  II.  SOU,  1860. 
VifnvfruiH  nvthut,  UOODK  &  Uba.<«,  Pruc.  V.  S.  Nat.  Miia.  iWTV,  131;  -louOAN  \  lilUlBUT, 

8.vua|iaiji,  580,  IM^. 
OeifiviM  notAiM,  Jobpan  &  Eimixmakn,  t, «.,  30(1.  1889. 

1780.  rVNONCION   BEflJll.18  < Blorh  &  .Schnoiilnr). 

(I'nilMDN    \VEAVriCII  (    SiVl'KTKAnllB;    "SKA   THiHTT.") 

Ileftd  ',ii ;  deptli  4^;  eyo  about  U  in  snoat,  5  to  7  in  liend ;  Nnoiit  4  ta  41. 
D.  .\-I,  26  ti.  2it;  A.  II,  U  to  13;  scales  G-.5G-11.  Mjixillary  niaching  to 
Iwyond  pujiil,  2,'.  iii  lioiul;  treth  sharp,  in  narrow  b;inils;  cuuiiius  largi;. 
I'nctorals  ehort,  wnrccly  rfachin-j  tipnof  voiitrnln,  a  littlf  iiiki'ii  than  ^ 
leiiKtli  "f  hea<l;  lon>;e«t  dorsa!  spino  a-t  lun;;  as  ruaxtllavy,  iu>t  |  length 
of  head:  soft  doTHal  find  anal  Hcaly,  the  scales  cadncoiis.  Gill  rakers  long 
and  sharp,  5  + 11  in  uninbtT.  Color  silvery,  <Iarker  abov«  and  itiurked 
with  ui;iny  Niti.il].  irr«fj;"ilar  ilark  bluti-he*,  douio  nf  which  form  uitdulatiu)< 
lim-s  rnnaiug  d:>wuw:ird  ami  furward;  hack  and  head  with  hrijjht  relluf- 
tious;  dor^Al  and  caudal  fitia  rtuHky;  ventralK,  anal,  and  lower  odg*  of 
caudal  yellowtsli,  somutiiucii  ttpiitklod.  Atlantic  and  Ciiilf  coast  of  the 
Unitf:d  .Sbktcs  from  Cape  ('od  nontliwiird  to  Middle;  very  abiiiidant  on 
sandy  shoreN,  not  fonml  about  roi-ks.  It  ia  highly  valued  as  a  fotMl-lisb, 
the  lloHh  l>eitig  rich  and  dclii'nto.  ItH  llesh.  like  thut  of  most  Hpeciee 
of  the  genus,  is  vnry  tcndi-r  and  easily  torn,  ItHUCi*  tli©  i-oinnion  name 
Weukfish.  On  thii  Carolina  coast  it  ban  received  the  very  inap]>ropnato 
name  "Sea  Trout."  Thi-  biuclisb  (l'omn(umun)  io  especially  destructive 
to  indivitliiiila  of  thiK  Hpccics,  the  two  inliabitiDg  the  name  watcrtt  and 
often  taken  together,  (regalin,  royal ;  anggcst-ed  by  the  name  "  Kingtish," 
which  Ijclongs.  however,  to  MriiticirrhMi.) 

Jnhiinit  rnjaUt,  Bl.o<'il  d.  S'^nNKn>EU,  .Sytt.  IiOilh.,  75,  IWl,  New  York. 
KrMteiu  enmrt,  MlTTillLL.  ICeport.  in  part,  FliiliOH  Neve  York,  28, 1H14,  New  York. 
habrvt  t'/urtmipu.  MrrcniLL,  Tratia.  Lit  and  Phil.  Soo.  New  York  18IS,  386,  pL  3,  fig.  I, 
New  York. 
k»t  rfijnlU.  CcrvtitR  &.  VaulvciexnkS,  Ui»t.  Not-  Polu.,  v,67, 1830. 
null  rajalr,  ti\U^  Vnc.  Ac.  Xat  Sil.  I'liila.  1802, 18;  JoSUAN  &.  (ilLBIUlT,  SynotwJa, 
581.  188a. 
atHrma  naaSt,  Josdan  &.  Ejqexiia.^.v,  /.  «.,  U86,  pi.  1,  t88t. 

lini.  rrHOHClOX  TtULA-SSIMIS  (ttulbrook). 

Se  form  cnlled  OlolllkHn  Ihalaiiiinuii  by  Ilolbronk  ba.-*  iiol  benn  recog- 
ni/.ed  by  Inter  lollectors,  and  it  has  nj«nally  boivn  cnimideied  identii  al 
with  C.  regalit.  A  specinieu  taken  by  Mr.  tfiloii  Stvarna  at  l'euHa<-ola  Buems 
Ui  answer  to  Holbrook"»  description,  and  we  bavo  found  2  similar  spcoi- 
meus  in  tbo   ma»euni  »t  Cambridge,  one   (No.  438,  M.  C.  Z,}  from  Pass 


1408  Bulletin  //,  United  States  National  Museum. 


Clirist'inii,  Mi.ssiaHijipi,  tiu<  other  from  Hampton  Uonile,  Virginia.  The 
«niy  ilifi'eretitijtl  dinrarte'rs  whirh  wo  bavo  noted  are  fjiveu  nbo\e  in  the 
unalvuia  of  upucii'Sj.  C^noncion  Ihalatninng  may,  pcrliapH,  be  fonnd  to 
inliiiliit  li  ilifVi'ir-nt  ileiitti  ol'  water  than  th»t  which  tlie  t-orumoii  Weaktish 
rixigiii-iitH.  Tor  the  itresent  w<'  mny  treat  tlie  2  ns  diatiix't  spiM-ies. 
Kejith  t};  head  '.i\;  D.  X-I.  2J  ;  A.  II,  11;  sciiles  5().  Jlody  loiripicsspd, 
uot  eajK'cittlly  ck'vatod,  of  about  the  M:itiu<  depth  i- very  when;  botwist'n  the 
vrutni]^  uud  the  vent;  t'ltndal  p«<Iiinrli'  rather  loug  and  stout.  llt'Ad 
pointed,  mibiuMiical;  proiilo  Htrnisjht,  Bciircoly  ilesruudiuK;  eyp  rather 
hrr^e,  1>  iu  ancmt,  5]^  in  lir'iul;  iiuiiith  l»r};«,  oblii|iio,  premn.xillary  aute- 
riorly  on  a  level  with  the  iippur  lUiirgiii  of  tlio  pupil;  iiia.\illary  I'X- 
teiuHn;;  bryood  tho  pripil ;  linv«r  Jaw  stroiigty  iiniicetin^,  its  tip  entiTiiig 
(he  i>rotilH,  Toeth  of  the  lower  j.tw  in  'J  wrifR.  anteriorly  in  n  ittiigle 
siTicH,  those  ill  front  Hniall  and  BuLiuiiiinl,  the  inner  ones  rernrvod,  those 
of  tluj  side  much  larger;  toelh  of  iipjier  Jaw  in  2  series,  those  of  the 
outi;r  Moriea  scarcely  decreasiiiK  in  size  towani  tho  angle,  those  of  the 
inner  soricH  l»ccoiiiing  niiniitu  on  the  8ide.s;  cftuines  moderate,  i  the  diam- 
eter of  the  eyn.  I'reopercid  with  a  striatoil  and  dentatcd  dermal  margin; 
gill  rakers  slender:  thosf  near  the  angle  }  the  length  of  the  eye;  lower 
phalyIlgcal^'  weak  iind  long,  groovnd  below;  t<'cth  at  the  angle  several 
tinuiH  as  huge  iia  the  rest,  all  more  or  1p.s.s  recurved,  the  anterior  ones 
«])i<cin!ly  so;  t-eetli  of  t!i«<  upper  idiaryngealt)  iiueqinvl.  First  dorsal  spine 
in.serted  iihove'  the  («iid  of  the  tir»t  fourth  of  the  vetitrals,  the  siiines 
slender,  the  third  highest,  reaching  to  the  ninth  spine, ^i  iu  head;  secoad 
anal  upine  abnnt  twice  as  large  as  the  lirst,  2}  in  length  of  eye;  anal  ray.i 
'2'i  iu  head ;  pectorals  broken;  veivtrals  slightly  less  than  2  in  head;  soft 
dcH'snl  ji|i|inreiitly  not  scaly,  but  so  iniitlhited  in  nnr  specimen  that  we  can 
uot  be  certain  of  this;  scales  very  weakly  ctenoid;  lateral  lino  somewhat 
wavy  anteriorly,  becjoiiiing  straight  rinder  the  fourth  or  fifth  dorsal  ray. 
L'olor  linnviii^L  iibovc,  lighter  below  ;  middle  of  sides  with  many  dark 
ilot»;  a  dark  blott'h  on  upper  corners  <if  o])ercle  iiud  choek;  axil  and  inner 
margin  of  pectoral  black;  spinonfi  cluneal  black;  Noft  dorsal  and  caudal 
dusky;  there^tof  the  tins  pale.  The  speclineu  from  i'afisX'hristian  has  no 
settles  uii  dorsal  or  anal  at  jiresent,  bnttbo  markx  showing  their  former 
presence  uu  the  basal  parts  of  the  fiu  are  evident,  tiill  mkers  j'  +  H,  the 
longoatl  eye;  auoutSf  hi  head.  1>.  X-I,  ^5;  A.  I,  10.  In  the  specimen 
from  Hampton  Roadx  tho  gill  rakers  are  r  +  S;  snont  li^  in  head.  D.  X-I. 
25.  The  eoloration  is  e.<«.Heiiliutly  as  iu  rci/u/ui,  bnt  in  all  these  specimens 
it  is  more  silvery,  the  dark  markings  leas  distinct.  Length  12  inches. 
{Ihalatgiuun,  pertaining  to  fid\a66tt,  the  sea.) 

inolitliHt  thalattiniti.  UuLitKocjE,  Icbtli.  Suiith  (.'araiina,  132,  pi.  18,  tig.  3,  1850,  Charles. 

ton,  South  Carolina;  Ci'.STllER,  Cat.,  II,  308. 
Q/nowivii  llialammif.  .Toiiuan  &  (fiuiRUT.  Syno|iaia.  UII. 
Oritrrwi  regalit  llialaMnintu,  .rimiiAN  A  KiriKNUiANS.  It..  380. 


IJH2.  t'VXKSI  I0>  IlKTUl I..\TWS  (OlililhoTl. 
(CoRVINA.  I 

Head  3i;  depth  4|.     D.  X-I,  28;  A,  11,  f>;  scalcH  !)-firt-)6.     Body  com- 
paratively deep  and  compressed;  head  jtoiuowhut  conical,  the  suont  n«)t 


Jordan  and  JivermaiiH. — Fishes  of  North  America,     1409 


vpry  ftbarp.  Sj  in  lienrl;  mavillary  estfliulin;;  fo  below  pouterior  mnr^in  of 
pupil,  2?  ill  lieail ;  e_v«' 7  in  lii-inl ;  gill  rmfciu-x  KliortisU,  3+7;  vontrali*  ll>  in 
piTtonilH;  8ot't  rayti  of  diMxal  aiwl  iiiial  HCiili'lfHa ;  pei'tontln  ab/Hit  lij  in 
]«Ti);tli  of  lieuU;  liigtH'Ht  (h>rHnl  spino  iiUfiiit  'li,  in  hRiktt ;  <'utKl;il  double 
truncate,  (.'olorgrnyitili  Bilvory;  hiK'k  iind  Hides  Koven-d  with  <iark-browu 
strciikM  and  reticulations,  which  idisriiro  the  ground  lolor,  i'Hprci:»lly  ahove 
the  laturnl  lin»;  lutitnt]  Iiut3  in  n  ]i.ile  Htruiik,  liurdurud  ahuvti  and  below 
by  a  darker  one;  lower  parts  silvery;  fins  iiQajiottctl;  cjiiidu.1  j'ellofviHli 
oran;;«;  inside  of  iuouth<U^eponin^e  y<^llr>w.  L<!n|L(Ui  ^^  feet,  i'ueific  roast 
of  tropifnl  America,  Mii/ntlnti  to  Pauama;  t\  cninnion  faiwl-fisli  on  the  west 
coast  of  Mexico,     (reliculalii',  netted.) 

(MMlhuf  reticulatiu,  OfNTllEU,  Vntc.  Zrxil.  Stnv  Lonil'iD  1H64,  U8,  Sjn  Jm«  de  Guatemala, 
Chiapaa;  GnHTHEB.  Flxiiua  (Vntnil  Amnriru.  387,  388,  ami  i:i(l,  IMg. 

O^HOtfiiii  rtliniiatvin,  JiiRliAN  >V  tin.nEKT,  ]*n>o.  U.  S.  Xat.  Mas.  1881,232;  JnRDAM  & 
CiLBKirr,  ItiUI.  I'.  S.  Kiali  Conim.  1881,  319. 

Ct4trtui  rrticulittii*.  JoBU.VN  &  Kl(iK.NMA,N.<(,  1.  e..  !UI8,  188(1. 

178<.  CIXOK('IO?(  .NEB('LOKt'l«(CaTl«r&  ValenoioDDM). 

(SiVITTKIl  WKAKClail  :  St'OTTBU  "SKA  TROUT.") 

Head  'H;  depth  Ij;  pye  Ninall,  fi  to  7  in  lie,id.  H,  X-I.  2-5  to  27;  A.  II. 
10;  icaleia  10-70  to  7.T-11.  Body  rather  idougate,  comprcsjteil;  snout  lonn, 
aeiite,  3}  in  hciid;  Iowit  jdiarynncftlH  n.irrow,  i^ucli  with  7  or  S  nories  of 
Hhort  ti'etb,  the  inner  enhirjjjid.  (iill  rakers  short  and  thick,  not  lon>;t«r 
tbiin  pupil,  about  1+7  iu  nnnibpr;  m.ixiljiiry  reiiching  to  posterior  edjfc  of 
eye;  canim^a  slroug;  ui.axiUary,  ]iri;>orbitiil,  and  lower, jaw  naked;  lon^eat 
dorsal  spine  not  tjiiito  ^  the  length  <i{  the-  hi-ad ;  pectornla  short,  not 
rea^^hint;  tips  of  vontrals,  2i  in  heud;  cauilid  Innate;  soft  rays  of  dorsul 
and  fttlftl  Bcnli'leHs.  Urigbt  silvery,  darki^r  ftbovv.;  ha<d«  posteriorly  with 
numerous  round  bluck  Njints  as  1ur);niu»  the  pupil;  both  caudal  and  dorsal 
fina  marked  with  similar,  aomewhut  sniitller  npots,  much  as  in  a  trout; 
anal  dusky.  South  Atlantic  and  linlf  Cua^t  of  tbo  Cnitud  States,  New 
York  to  Texas;  a  most  escelleut  food-fisli,  everywhere  cominou  on  our 
Sonthern  roast:  rar<'  north  of  Vii-},';inia.  The  northennnost  hicality  fnnii 
which  we  have  examined  specimens  is  llecsley  Toint,  New  .lersey.  (nrftii- 
Intiu,  clonded.) 

Ijahnu  ih}uelfai^t4  Tur.  tnneulatus.  Mrmuu.,    Traim.  Lit.  asil  Phil.  8oc.  1815,  3M,  New 

York;  not  iMhrun  innmlatui,  Kloch. 
fHolithvl  nOmlittut,    CVviKU   A.    Vaijekcienmics,   Hist.  Nat.  I'niga.,  v,  79,    1830,    lucsllty 

nnkiiown. 
OtolitMiu  earoUiwnsit,  CcviBli  Si  Valsncikhxes,  Hist.  Nat  Polut.,  ix,  475,  1833.  South 

Carolina  ;  OOilTJIICB,  Cat.,  n,  aOO,  1880. 
IHoliOiiu  dnunmonili.    HiCHABTisoN,    l''anna    Itor.-Ain.,    FUli.,  70,   1836,  New  Orleans ; 

OlRAUD.  r.  ,S.  ami  ilex.  Bounii.  Stirrcv.  Zool..  12,  pi.  6. 1859:  UUnthbk.  Cut.,  11,307.  IB&i. 
VrKtrrttt  earolinriiMU,  (iKoNdW,  Cal.  Finli.,  iJl.Gray.  49,  I85i. 
r 'yfiMcum  eanUinfiint,  .Iiirua.n  &  GllJBERT,  Prm'.  V.  S.  Xal.  Mun.  1878.  377. 
O^iurton  mar-ulaiiim,  .TonnAJa   i   Gn.HERT,  Piw.  V.  S.  Nat.  Mim.  1S82,  -IU;  .TuBriAN  & 

OlUliEBT.  .Sy ti<i|>si<i,  Stir.  1883 :  JoaUAN  &  ,SWAIN,  Proc.  U,  S.  }iat.  Uua.  imn,  Za. 
OltrHU  n«(mJora<,  Jobdak  tc  ElOEXMAim,  I.  e.,  iMie,  1886. 


14UI         Bulletin  /7,  United  States  Natioital  Museum. 


178*.  CTXOSVION   I'AKVIPItntH,  Aynw. 

(CAUroUNIA  "  llLVKITKH.  "I 

Head  3j  ;  rtcpth  4*.  D.  X-I,  22  or  23;  A.  IT,  10;  scales  13-75  (poft.B)-14, 
about  !tr>  iu  :i  Inn^Titmlinnil  MKritjM;  l^y(»  (!  in  heiiil ;  higliest  ilofBnl  apiiie  2i ; 
pectoral  ;Ji;  voutrala  1\  Hntly  eloiiKiite,  t<li»|ieil  iimcli  aa  in  the  woiiklisli; 
maxilJiiry  extt'nilmj;  li(?.v»ii'l  jmpiJ,  •_'.!  iu  luwil;  ciiiiine  larg<>,  »8*i»Ily  l>ut 
n  Hingle  unt^  ]ire.Hi'ut;  Nrioiit  I'litlicr  Kliar|i,  i  in  lioaf);  ^ill  rakora  Hhurtiah, 
4-|-7;  pharyiigfula  narrow,  their  t*i>tli  Hiiiiill,  rariHfnriu,  the  inner  ones 
Hamewliftt  fiilnrgi^<l ;  Holt  ra,VH  of  ilnrsul  .iihI  aniil  Acnleless;  ciiudal  tin 
AOinewliiit  liiiiiitn  in  tlid  adnlt,  tlit*  middle  rays  ghortost,  iiltboiiKh  more 
tir  less  {irodiu'od  in  the  yonng;  pi-rtoral  tin  Bhurt,  not  rc!i<'hin>j  tips  of 
vi-iitr;i,l«.  t!olor  clfiir  steet  Itlne  iil>ove,  without  atriiten  ar  spot*;  silverj- 
below;  u  iiivrrow  dusky  eliadi'  tilon^  tb<!  xtdus  below  tht>  Ititeml  lini-;  axil 
doeky  ;  luwur  linH  yellowiah,  wiMi  dusky  (diiidinr;:  iijiper  linn  diirk ;  second 
dcirjial  dark  L-dgrd.  Piicili*'  coa!»t  nf  North  Aaiurica  froiu  8nuia  U.irhara 
Lslnurls  to  (•iiayniiiH  and  Mauttlun;  rdtninon  alon;;  the  I'oostH  nf  nuuthern 
CnHforniii  »s  far  north  iis  Nan  I'edro,  It  is  ;iti  e\cell<^nt  food-tish,  not  infe- 
rior to  its  ridittive,  thi-  W4.>aktiah  nf  tbu  Atlantir  i;nast.  As  in  the  codo  of 
the  livttt>r  H)iecieK,  tUtv  lieKh  t\i  CyHonciim  pnrrifiinniii  i»  8oft,  and  the  fitsh 
doeM  not  huar  traiiHportiition  wull.     (parvut,  small;  pinna,  fin.  I 

OifHoteion  paniinniiit.  AvKiJi,  rrm.i'al.  Ai!.  Sci.  IMl.  1&6.  coast  of  Lower  California. 
(»vlith'Hi  uiiiffiiaUmr,-  S'l klviiaciineh,  Ivlitli.  Bcil..  ui,  34.  187$,  Magdaleoa  Bay,  Lowei 

CalifoTnia. 
QfHutcioH  jiarriiiinne,  J omtAfi  H  CIlLBKRT,  Proc-.  V.  S.  Nat.  Hna.  1)180,  tM;  JokliAH  & 

niLBERT,  SvnniiaiK.  iUlo,  IHtci. 
Ctttmu  parviyinni*.  JoaoAif  ^  KioEmiAxx,  (.  r.,  Ma,  1889. 

I7HS.  rV>'ONriO.\  \.i\Tlin4K,Ji.nlim&0Ubert. 
(COKVI.SA  DR  LAS  AI.XTAK   ASIAUIIXAR.) 


HeiuU-H;  depth  41.  D.  TX-I,20;  A.  II,  8.  Scnles  12-6R  (ponw) -x. 86 rows 
wf  spiih>.H.  lli:id  r.itlier  lonjr.oompreH.toil  iind  ])ointod;  maxillary  a  little 
IcHS  tliiin  ^  head,  roach in^  jiiat  pH.st  rye;  Intoral  lino  hoooming  straight 
opposito  tho  vent;  hody  ratliir  HkMidpr.  oonipreased:  i-yo  large,  fi  in  lii-ftd; 
preinaxillariRs  iu  front  entirely  helow  eye;  ••aiiinox  Hnuill,  2  usnally  pres- 
ent; tjill  rakor.i  «hort  and  thick,  not  longer  thiiu  pupil,  fi  to  8  on  lower 
linih  of  arc-h  ;  longoHt  dorsal  spine  2^  in  head  ;  longi-et  soft  r.'>y  2J  ;  middio 
raya  of  candid  considerahly  ])rodiived,  li  in  head;  anal  spine  rather f<ni:ill 
and  stout;  ventnilH  little  inor«  thati  2  in  head;  pectoral  tins  reaching 
nearly  or  (juite  to  the  tipH  of  ventrulH,  their  length  IJ  in  head.  SchIch 
mnallor  than  in  related  njiecses.  Color  idiiish  ahovc, silvery  l)olow;  upper 
partx  and  oniireiiilly  ttio  middle  of  Mio  sides  punctate  with  dark  points; 
npper  linii  dark,  their  margins  dusky,  lining  of  opercle  black;  iuside  of 
mouth  bright  yellow  in  lil'e.    t'audal  yellow.     Lcngth3feet.     I'acilic  coiist 


'Tlip  tym'jtor  Ololuhiu  maffiiaieini:  Iriim  MiiiiitaleD*  Ba7,»re  preoerved  iu  tbe  laiueuD 
at  CambfidKe. 


Jordan  and  Evemtann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     Hll 


of  Mexico,  uot  rtire  aliciiit   Mii/.atlaii;   a  food-nHh  of  aome  itnportaiieo. 
(«a>'Qos,  yellow;  ovXor ,  siiigiilur  of  oivln,  the  giiuiH. ) 

za>i(A»{uni,  Jordan  &  Oiuiert,  I'n>«.  IT.  S.  Nut.  Man.   1X81,  4<ki,  MaiatUn 
e,  Nn.  28109.    Tull.  Cilbert) :  JiiiuiAN  ii  OiLBIKr.  Bull.  IT.  B,  Fiah  Conun.  1(182,  107. 
Oa.tn\it  TanlAn/Hin,  JOUIIAH  ^k;  KlOKNMAAN,  I.  e..  3fl»,  18811. 

i;S«.  I'VNOSCIO.V  A^LRHN  (Gfinthor). 

Hciid  3»;  deptli  I  to  4*.  l>.  X-I,  l!l  \  A.  II,  9;  acaloa  8-fi3  (p(.reR)-18.  66 
sorieH  of  acalex.  tloAil  large,  bliintiHb,  tlie  <<ino\it  uliortcr  tbiiii  iii  r. 
»toXzmann'\,  4  tu  4^  in  htad;  eye  6^ ;  iiia.villary  nearly  <  head,  reiich- 
itig  well  pftst  eye;  gill  rukers  J  eye,  alioiil  ■!  +  ><.  Body  rnthor  robust; 
Iat4<ral  line  becoming  8truigbt  at  a  poixit  well  in  advance  of  vent;  itorxal 
Hpinen  sleuder,  the  longest  2i  in  heiwl:  soft  niyH  of  dorsal  and  auiil  Hcalo- 
le8s;  caudal  donlde  tnini-ate,  tlie  middle  rayH  longer  than  tbo  lieiid  wilboiit 
snout;  pectorals  nearly  reaching  tips  of  veutrals,  more  than  \  litugtb  of 
head;  second  anal  spine  evident.  <  "olor  wbiti-,  aomewbat  Ululoli  above, 
without  murkingK.  racific  eoaatof  tropical  America,  uot  rare  at  Panama. 
Like  tbu  other.s  of  the  gcDU»,  it  is  a  ri>oil-iiub  nf  importance.  TIhn  Npeciea 
IH  cloM  to  Cyiiafdo"  ranlhulu^,  but  tbe  Hoalcs  are  larger,     (albin,  white.) 

otalithiu  albut,  HCjiTHKB,  Prac.  Zool.  Soc.  Limil.  1884. 149,  Chiapas ;  Panama;  Gl'!«TnEK, 
Finhea  Central  America,  387  and  429,  IMS ;  STEIHl>A<.-UKEa,  Ni'U<-  ii.  Seltenu  Fiitcho k.  k. 
Zool.  Mill.  WIen,  36, 1X79. 

liUtlitlimi  rnymtuuti*.  Vaillant  &  HororST,  HIm.  :>!.  Mexli|iH',  I'riiu.,  1S4;  1874; 
npnrimcn  fnin  La  Union;  not  »ii/<^nirnti(,  I.AcKl'ftliK. 

t^ynuKiuit  aWum,  Johhan  k  tln,BEliT,  Bull.  V.  S.  FIhIi.  Comm.  1881,  Jig. 

Vnlrivt  ttlbu;  .loiIDAK  A:  ElOKNILUfn,  I.  r.,  :i70,  1889. 


17^;.     CfltiOKC'ION   KA('(lO?rAM)t.  (iin«rt. 
(TiJTCAVA.) 

Head  :<«;  depth  4;  eye  5^  in  bend  (in  young).  12  (in  adult);  anont  i'i. 
D.  IX-I,  24  ;  A.  II,  7;  Bcalea  i;J-«5  to  9<U22,  !>0  to  5rj  j)orc«.  Snout  «]iiirp ; 
lower  jaw  protruding,  month  moderate",  Honinwhut  olil)(|i)e,  the  tuaxillary 
roachiug  vertical  from  niiddli-  of  orbit,  2i  to  i;?  in  head.  NO  enlarged 
caniniv  on  either  .jaw;  teetli  in  front  of  preniaxillnricR  miiiiil.N  in  'J 
distinct  rowa,  uniting  laterally  tu  form  ii  uarrow  band,  the  iiiiii^r  row 
composed  of  smaller  teetli  directed  downward  and  buckwurd,  the  outer 
wriea  of  stronger  conical  teeth,  a  few  scattH-M-ing  teeth  between  the  L' 
rows;  teeth  in  the  lower  jaw  in  a  narrow,  irrcgul.-ir  double  series.  Kyo 
Amall.  Both  vertical  and  hori/.orital  Hnibd  of  preoiierrle  ininiLtely  Hemi- 
I ate,  entire  in  the  adult;  u|)ercle  ending  in  a  ll:\(tened  prD<-e8H  xbowing 
2  abort  npiuoUH  points,  emarginat-c  behind  in  the  adult,  without  evident 
spinous  |ioint«;  gill  rakem  about  diameter  of  pupil,  Htrong,  toothed,  I  or 
2  alM>ve  angle,  9  or  10  below.  .Scales  very  strongly  ctenoid,  becoming 
greatly  rcdnced  on  nape,  about  25  to  10  trauaverKe  Heriu.s  between  occiput 
and  front  of  dorsal;  a  narrow,  detinite,  scaly  abcath  at  baoo  of  dorsal  and 
anal,  thcMe  Hns  otherwise  nuked;  caudal  xralcd  for  a  mbort  <listanco  on 
busai  portion;  scalcH  above  lateral  line  ntpidly  tupreiming  in  si /e  back - 
wardA,  13  in  a  transyeru!  aeries  between  lateral  line  and  front  of  dorsal ji 


1412         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum, 


donal  spines  low  and  weuk,  tbe  rays  not  high,  the  longest  3^  in  head; 
second  anal  spine  slender  but  not  flexible,  its  length  1^  in  soft  rays; 
candal  double  truncate,  the  median  rays  much  produced,  equaling  length 
of  head  behind  snout  in  the  adult  as  usual,  shorter,  gently  rounded; 
ventrals  \\  in  head ;  pectorals  in  tbe  young  short,  scarcely  reaching  tips 
of  ventrals,  li  in  head,  in  the  adult  long  and  falcate,  reaching  much 
beyond  ventrals.  Color,  yonng :  Dusky  silvery,  with  coarse  black  specks 
along  lower  part  of  head  and  sides;  upper  half  of  sides  with  many  irreg- 
ular blackish  spots  or  blotches,  showing  little  or  no  tendency  to  form 
streaks;  dorsals  dusky,  the  basal  portion  with  small  black  spots;  other 
fins  blackish;  the  candal  lighter  at  base;  month  white  within;  lining  of 
gill  cavity  block,  becoming  yellow  on  lining  of  branchiostegal  membranes. 
In  adult,  bluish  above,  dusky  silvery  on  sides  and  below ;  no  evident  black 
spots  or  blotches  on  body  or  fins ;  vertical  fins  blackish,  paired  fins  dusky. 
Gulf  of  California;  largest  of  its  genus;  a  huge  food-fish,  very  abundant 
along  the  entire  eastern  shore  of  the  g^lf  and  congregating  in  great 
numbers  near  the  mouth  of  the  Colorado  River.  It  enters  the  river 
and  is  found  feeding  in  shallow  water  near  the  shore,  where  it  is  easily 
approached  and  speared.  It  does  not  seem  to  be  known  at  La  Paz,  and 
was  not  seen  by  us  on  the  western  side  of  the  gulf.  Many  specimens  were 
taken  by  hand  lines  at  the  head  of  the  gulf,  the  largest  weighing  172 
pounds.  Large  specimens  were  also  seen  at  Guaymas  and  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Rio  del  Fuerte.  At  Guaymas  it  is  said  to  be  a  winter  visitant, 
unknown  during  the  summer  months.  (Gilbert.)  (Named  for  Hon.  Mar- 
shall McDonald,  then  U.  S.  Commissioner  of  Fish  and  Fisheries.) 

CynoKion  inaedonaldi,  GiUEBT,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1890,  M,  head  of  Gulf  of  California. 
(CoU.  Gilbert.) 

1788.  CTITOSCION  KTOLZKAIT.VI  (Steindachner). 

Head  31;  depth  41 .  D.  IX-I,  21;  A.  II,  9;  scales  10-73-10, -«0  pores. 
Pectoral  fins  short,  reaching  little  past  middle  of  ventrals,  their  length  not 
more  than  i  head;  body  elongate,  somewhat  compressed;  mouth  oblique; 
maxillary  2^  in  head,  extending  to  posterior  margin  of  pupil ;  snout  rather 
sharp,  4  in  head ;  canines  rather  small ;  gill  rakers  shortish,  4  -f  7 ;  body 
comparatively  slender  and  elong.ite;  scales  rather  large,  all  strongly 
ctenoid;  dorsal  and  anal  scaleless;  lateral  line  becoming  straight  just 
before  front  of  second  dorsal ;  longest  dorsal  spines  2^  in  bead ;  soft  dorsal 
slightly  falcate,  the  first  rays  about  2  in  head;  caudal  large  and  broa<I, 
double  truncate;  ventrals  IJ  in  hca<l.  Color  steel  bluish  above,  lower 
parts  silvery ;  no  distinct  markings.  Pacific  coast  of  tropical  America ; 
Panama  to  Peru,  not  rare  about  Panama.  (Named  for  its  discoverer, 
Stolzmann.) 

OtoHthu*  tlolzmanni,  Steindachneb,  Nenc  n.  Seltetic  Fisclie  k.  Ic.  Zool.  Mas.  'Wien  1879, 

35,  pi.  2,  flg.  1,  Tumbez,  Peru. 
Cyiioteiun  utolzmanni,  Jordan  it.  (ilLBKBT,  Hnll.  V.  S.  Fish  Couini.  1881,  32U. 
Otatrtus  itoUmanni,  Joboan  &.  Eiubnmann,  I.  c,  370,  1889. 


Hoad  Si;  (leptli  4.  I).  X-I,  i!l  to  23;  A.  II,  R;  Btsaloa  12-88-U,  pores  70 
to  SO.  Uoml  ])ninttj(|,  Fiu1)iMn)k'al,  tittle  ctiiiiftruuHed  ;  pruitle  rather  Htee]); 
snout  Bhnr|i,  rntiier  lonji;,  3)1  in  liead;  maxillary  rxtomlin;;  boyond  pupil, 
aut»!riorly  on  ii  lovel  with  tliu  luwrr  iiiar;;L]i  nf  tlits  ]iu]jii,  Ji  in  bead; 
caniui-s  niiiuU,  liui'oiiiitif;  obHutolo  with  tigt';  liiteral  t-ortli  of  IdWer  jiiw  uot 
mtich  utilnr^ed;  phiiryiiK<uils  lung  ami  slender,  willi  4  aericR  of  teeth,  the 
inner  series  8ev«^r!il  tlmt^H  liirgcr  tlian  tlic  rent;  jjill  rnker^  short,  2-j-7; 
s<'nlt*g  very  aiiiall,  tbooi''  uii  hi'iid  little  *^inU««(lded  and  Ie«H  Hilvcry  tbun  in 
relat<^d  kiwcios;  niuxilbiry  wilh  a  lew  unibvdiltid  mouIuh;  wali'H  on  nnout 
running  to  it«  tip;  caiiilnl  Ituiatu,  itH  iiiiddln  ntyH  lens  than  j  lt!U(;th  of 
hciid;  both  anal  HpincH  evident,  tlin  H<)r;»nii  iiltout  i  length  ni  tbe  rny-K; 
peutoriil  liim  riither  luii);,  iiuirc  tbiin  k  hemi ;  Hiift  doiHiil  iind  anal  Hi-iilali'84. 
Coliir  lit nifth,  little  silvery;  everywhoro  punctiilatu;  yount;  wilh  ;-l  or  4 
distiui-t  iluHky  cross  bam;  axil  and  tins  dnsky  ;  a  dusky  tdutcb  at  btuiei  of 
pectoral,  extending  on  whole  inner  luce  of  tbe  Hu  ;  scales  of  siiln  of  h<<ad 
not  silvery.  Coast  of  California,  north  to  San  Francisco,  oocasionully 
strsyinK  farther;  a  gperinien  onci?  taken  neor  Vietori«  by  Mr.  Ashdowii 
Green.  A  moat  valuable  food-liah,  reaching  n  wei^jht  of  80  ]>onu<k  or 
more,  its  ilesh  linn  and  rich.  Tbe  lianiled  yotiu^;  (enli/oraieHiiiii)  are  ijiiilo 
difTerebt  in  appt>aranco  an<!  are  taken  fur  a  distinct  gpuciee  by  tisheriiien 
as  they  have  been  by  Bteiiidaohuer.     {nohili*,  noble.) 

JoJiintu  tuMliji,  Atkes,  I'roc.  Ciil.  Ac.  8oi.  1880,  78,  San  Fmnciico.    ((Joll.  A.vrcJt.) 
nuitithm  raii/vrnirnii;  SnsixUAC'il.tEii,    I>-lilli.    tliitr.,    ni,   31,    IST.'i.    San   Diego,   Cali- 
fornia, and  MBEdalena  Bay,  Lower  Calirornia  ;  vuiinK  witli  iliirk  tianda. 
Oi/notcion  niibili;  JoROAN  i  (ilLBEHT,  Prt)C.  IT.  S.  Mat.  Miia.  t8»0.  J.'>/1. 
Atroctoseion  itobUit,  JokijAN  k  OlLnKRT,  Sjini)wl»,  57»  and  !S3.  1883. 
Catreua  nobilit,  JouIiAN  A:  Eigemmasn,  (.  e.,  370,  ISilD. 

i;»0.   lYNOSCION  PHOXUIDPHAU'K,  Jur<lau&  liillterl. 

Head  3jt ;  depth  4i  to  4? ;  eye  7i  in  head.  D.  TX-1, 21 ;  A.  Ill,  10;  B4sa1n 
17-90-15,  pore-.'i  about  80.  Hody  not  vt'ry  Ldongattv  fnsiforin,  little  com- 
pressed, the  gn-ulest  thickness  nearly  i  tlio  grciitest  di'ptb;  back  siarcety 
elevated  nor  compresacd,  l\w,  profile  from  the  snout  to  the  fnmt  of  the  dor- 
sal nearly  straight;  bead  eoni{-al,  litllueunipre.ssed,  pointed  in  proOle,  taper- 
ing with  much  regularity  toward  thu  tiji  uf  the  proJBCtiug  lower  jaw; 
length  of  mandible  uune  than  ^  that  of  liuad ;  aajiith  large,  very  oldiqne, 
tbe  preniaxillary  in  fronton  the  level  of  the  npper  [cirt  of  the  orbit,  the 
broad  maxillary  exteniling  to  below  the  posterior  mar;;in  of  tho  eye,  :.'  in 
hea<i.  Teeth  in  narrow,  canlifnrm  bundM  iu  each  Jaw,  the  bunds,  oinpused 
of  about  2  scries  iu  fnuit,  growing  narrow  laterally,  imd  tiuully  forming 
a  single  series;  teeth  subequal,  with  the  exception  of  nbaiit  2  jialra  in  tbe 
front  of  the  upper  .jaw.  the  posterior  pair  lieiofi  devcdoped  us  small 
CAuinea  directed  inward   and  backward;  canines  ]iroportioniit«ly  large:' 


1414  Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


in  the  smaller  Bi)eoimen8  than  in  the  adult,  but  ia  all  they  are  amaller  than 
is  oaual  in  Cgnotoion.  Eye  rather  small,  a  little  less  than  \  the  length  of 
the  snout,  a  little  more  than  ^  the  breadth  of  the  evenly  convex  inter- 
orbital  space,  which  is  3}  in  head.  Gill  rakers  3  +  6,  thickish,  and  very 
short,  shorter  than  the  pupil;  pseadobranchiae  quite  smaU.  Scales  of 
lower  part  of  cheeks  enlarged,  embedded,  covered  with  a  silvery  skin ; 
scales  above  eyes,  ou  nape  and  on  border  of  preopercie  much  reduced  in 
size;  preopercie,  as  in  all  species  of  this  genus,  entire,  with  a  broad  mem- 
branaceous border;  scales  on  body  small  and  smooth ;  lateral  line  scarcely 
arched  in  front,  becoming  straight  opjiosite  front  of  anal.  Dorsal  fins 
entirely  separate,  the  spines  of  the  iirst  dorsal  slender;  second  spine 
shorter  than  third  or  fourth,  wjiich  ore  considerably  elevated,  1{  in 
lencrth  of  head  in  young,  2.^  in  the  adult;  soft  dorsal  wholly  scaleless; 
second  dorsal  of  moderate  height,  enveloped  in  lax,  scaleless  skin,  which 
is  thickened  at  the  base  of  the  fin ;  longest  rays  a  little  more  than  \ 
length  of  head ;  anal  rather  long  und  low,  its  longest  rays  about  equal  to 
the  length  of  the  base,  and  a  little  more  than  \  length  of  head ;  anal  spines 
very  small  aud  weak,  wholly  enveloped  in  the  skin  and  not  visible ;  anal 
(in  nearly  coterminous  with  the  dorsal,  its  rays  similarly  enveloped  in 
loose  akin ;  caudal  fin  moderate,  thickish  and  scaly  at  base,  lunate,  its  lobes 
equal,  the  middle  rays  1|  in  length  of  head;  ventrals  short,  about  |  length 
of  head,  reaching  about  \  the  distance  to  the  vent ;  pectorals  short,  not 
reaching  tips  of  ventrals,  2  in  head;  distance  from  vent  to  base  of  caudul 
about  J  its  distance  from  snout.  Color  in  life,  dark  above  with  strong  bright 
reflections  of  purplish-brown ;  silvery  below,  the  lower  part  of  the  caudal 
peduncle  golden  yellow ;  middle  of  sides  noticeably  punctulate  with  brown 
dots;  inside  of  month  deep  orange  yellow;  lining  of  opercle  black;  dorsal 
and  caudal  fins  dusky  whitish,  with  more  or  less  of  dark  edging;  lower 
rays  of  caudal  yellowish ;  fins  otherwise  translucent,  unmarked ;  axil  of 
pectoral  light  yellowish  above;  the  silvery  color  of  the  sides  of  the  head 
and  the  bright  reflections  on  its  upper  surface  very  conspicuous,  more  so 
than  in  any  other  species  of  the  genns.  Length  2  feet;  a  neat  and  well- 
marked  species.  Pacific  coast  of  Central  America;  not  rare  at  Panama. 
(*05«5,  tapering;  Ms^aX/f,  bead.) 

Cynoteion  phoxocrjihaluin,  JOBDAN  &  GlLiiBRT,  Bull.  O.  S.  Fish  Comm.  18S1,  318,  Panama. 

(Typo,  No.  29290,  16|  in<,hc»  long.   Coll.  C.  H.  Gilbert.) 
Vatretu  phoxocephatxu,  Jordan  &,  Eiqenhann,  I.  c.  371,  1889. 

1791.  CTNOSCION  LKUBCHUS  (Cavier  &  Valenciennes). 

Head  3i ;  depth  4^.  D.  IX-I,  21  to  23;  A.  II,  10;  scales  13-90-13,  about 
80  distinct  pores.  Soft  dorsal  fin  with  its  lower  portion  covered  with  small 
ciulncons  scales.  Body  compressed;  head  conic,  more  compre8se<l  than 
iu  C,  phoxocephalus :  eye  moderate,  .5  to  6  in  head ;  maxillary  reachiug 
nearly  to  posterior  margin  of  orbit,  2^  iu  head ;  lower  jaw  mnch  project- 
ing; upper  teeth  mostly  biserial;  canines  small,  both  of  them  present; 
lateral  teeth  of  lower  jaw  small;  gill  rakers  wLort  and  slender,  2+1; 
scale.s  small,  chiefly  cycloid,  those  on  sides  of  bead  brigbt  silvery ;  laternl 
line  becoming  straight  above  front  of  sinal ;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  scaleless ; 


Jordait  ami  F.vitmntin  — Fi^fi/";  lu'  JVort/i  .hmricd.     1415 


c;itt(l:tl  Cm  HulitriiiiiMitu;  incimul  liiib  iiiuili  rate,  2  in  head;  caudal  weakly 
drtuMe  triinc<at«>.  C<i:i(it  uf  Itra/jl  iiml  i«iiiiitia,  |irol>uld,v  not  rare.  Ileru 
d'4cril>e<l  from  si«fi.-iiii««tiii  fcoin  Kio  Janeiro,  Porto  AIi>t;r«,  BuLia,  and 
tvanUM.     ^  Ac<o(,  suioolli  ;*  (i/ijfoj,  a.iiii».j 

Ol*itMiMlri<»rcAu#,  CvvieKA  V ALVK'IKNMU.  Ilisl.  N*l.  l>olu..  V. Ttl.  1830.  Bruil;  Cayenne; 

lirNmcn,  rat,,  ll,  .km,  tWlu^  Jukuax,  Pron.  U.  S.  Nut.  Miia.  1886,  MO    iii>t«  on  t.vpK  nf 

Caviu  tt  Vaixkcikkkhi. 
VmtttUM  (ncirrAui,  JuBUAN  h  EluKNilADM.  t.  c  .  .'ITI.  ISft). 


i:i»«.  ri\UKi:lo.ii  vikk.si:i:n.sii  ..V. 


ItMirii'tlllVM;. 


HitiMl  3i;  <l*i|itli  fi  Ut  5^.  IK  \-I,  28;  A.  II.  !<;  siikliM  K(1  (pores),  125  !«> 
130  rriiwf  wrri'Av.  Body  long  and  low,  8pindle-iih;ip«d,  tUo  IunuI  Hl«iider, 
mibtrunrate,  doprossod  nhove,  formed  tnticli  ns  in  liach<ii-entron  cnnaAum; 
prnlilp  from  mikiiiI  tu  ilorsiil  ueakly  riiui--av(>;  Hiioiit  lou^,  rathtir  |>oiiittid, 
I  in  l»«»ail ;  iiioittli  liirge,  little  i»l)li<|Tio,  the  lower  jaw  atrmijily  pr<ije<tin({_ 
tbc  luiixillary 'ii*  in  lieiwl;  i-aniiie  leetli  2,  i«iiurl  mid  tbirk;  lat«:riil  teeth 
luod^nitf,  eli>«e-!tvt ;  eye  kdihII,  Hi  iu  he:id;  intvrorbitftl  Bpaee  Duttioh,  41 
in  iiiMtd :  );itl  nikera  short  and  thickisli,  H  below  anglo  of  arch,  the  luiigeHt 
i  oyv;  acales  on  livad  very  small  and  silvery;  soft  duntal  wholly  rmked, 
a  few  ib?al<ia  on  anal;  candal  S-shaped,  the  middle  rays  longest;  peetoni 
railier  lon^,  \\  iu  head.  Color  pliiin  greenish,  silvery  below;  gill  cavity 
dusky  Within.  Coastsoftiui/ina  and  Brazil,  rather  searne.  Ilerodpucrilit'd 
from  «  •pecimen  18  inches  long  from  Vietori.i,  Brazil.  (Wrr«o«n«,  growing 
grrcn.) 

tHuUtkH*  nrtmmt,  UmRB  A  VAUWeuURiIS.  Ulal.  JiM.  Pults.,  V,  72. 1830,  Surinam. 
mttnlmi  mieropt.  STUtRnaniNKif.  Xpiie  Mmb  Artcii  k.k.  Moaeca  Wii'u,  tjliittcart.  tuiil 
Warwhan,  ^3,  |il. «,  Bu.  2. 1(179.  Porto  Alegre,  Brazil. 


|;M.  ('T50M'I0.\  ■U'KOI.KPIIIOTrN  (Curler  \  Valouol«nnoa|. 

fleadSit;  depth  H;  snont  i  in  head;  oye  lar;;e,  4};  interorbital  spaee 
M  in  bead,  D.  Xl-I,  »;  A.  IT,  0;  «•  .ibw  7"  (pores).  15ri  to  16(1  in  a  lougi- 
tntllnal  oeriM.  Body  tiiodemtely  eloiiKitte,  covered  with  very  small  scales; 
■oft  dorsal  luid  anal  rlosoly  aeuly  throughout;  iiiiisillary  extending  be- 
yond eye:  lower  Jaw  projecting;  teeth  moderate;  eniiines  rather  strong; 
lateral  teeth  of  tower  Jaw  not  eaiiinr-like;  gill  rakers  nut  di-seribed,  pruli- 
*lil>  :ii-  In  rimfrnn.  ItorMkl  Spine  slender,  the  longest  '2-  in  bead;  ]i«rto- 
ral  Klji^htly  loiiget  than  ventral,  which  is  slightly  more  than  |  lieail; 
caudal  (ill  S-sh»|ied  ;  lat^^ral  line  beeuuilng  straight  ul<ove  anal.  Colora- 
tion plain  gr<'«iiinli,  silvrry  Indow.  Coast  of  Brar.il  ami  liniana,  not  com- 
mon     (iSteiudaebner.)     {ii in fj6 f,  nainU;  Ar^iif  urn;,  scaled.) 

ittvlakui  mifmlrplilutut.  CWIKI  A  VAlJtNriiuniBii,  FtUl.  Xat.  Poiiia..  V,  79,  1830.  Sari- 
oam;  lir,'«TIIKh.  Cat.,  II,  SI]  i  HrKI.IOACIIHUa,  NVun  iiiiil  Si'lt«nn  Fiarfae  k.  k.  /ool. 
Ifo*    Wii<n.  .1».  IM'tf. 

tWrmw  mieriArjiiditttu,  JoauAjt  »t  Kiuiu«)Ia:<.'<.  L  r.,  3TI. 

'la Uie  ilriod  akin  nf  Ilia  lyiwt  a  yanne  rxampir  in  thn  tnuaKum  al  Paris,  ihn  abaenee  of 
tlw  a<u>|  »|tlm<  ( "  Ixlarrhna  "i  la  doe  l«  li«  tmlug  eovcred  l>y  rarulah. 


1416  DiiUctiH  /7,  United  States  National  Museum, 


573.  SAGENICHTHYS,  Berg. 

Xneylodan  (CrviKB)  Okeo,  I»1h,  1182, 1817  ijaeuliient  -  aneylodon) :  ]iut^ll<i>io<l»n  lUigor. 

1811,  a  itcniii  ol  iii.'iniiiiHln . 
SoffenichUiyn,  Bero,  Add.  Ma».  N>o.  Bo»no«  Aires  1885,  52  (anej/lndon). 

Tljia  geiiiiB  is  closi'  to  C>tin>»wn,  (lirtV<riii>;  niainlj'  iu  the  form  of  ils 
caiiini's,  whic.fa  ;iri>  lanci^-Hliapiul,  widouiHl  toward  thu  tip,  tben  abruptly 
iiarrowcd ;  lateral  Umtli  Isirgcr  tlittli  in  Cyiwurioii.  Soutll  Atueriiaii;  '2 
species  known,  (day/fi'if,  seine  or  not;  //Or?,  lit»h,  from  tb«  SpuuixL 
u[iaiv  IVHC'udill't  (icL  U>A.  tbo  iiiost  valunblu  fixh  nctteil  id  Urugnfty.) 

1704.  SAOKNKUTIIVH  AXCTLODON  (Ulocb  &  Sohneiaerj. 

(I'BKl'Al'IlJX)  DEL  KKD.) 

Headaj;  ilepth  4;  eye  6J  in  lirad.  D.  IX-I.  27  or  2fi;  A.  II,  10;  t^atleT 
75  (poics),  tCi  rowH.  Hod\  oUIoii};,  iiniileriitcl.v  compressed,  tbc  grtifirul 
form  of  »|)i'cie8  of  CJjiosciok  ;  iiioiitb  olili<{iie,  the  lower  jaw  jirojecting; 
niaxillury  moderate,  2]t  iu  buud ;  mioiit  father  pointed,  4^  in  bond;  preor- 
bitul  rmrrow;  l.irno  eauiue  of  iipptT  ,j;«\v  very  long,  lance-shaped,  i.  e., 
widened  toward  tl)t<  tip  ;nid  tluMi  alinijilly  jtoiutcd;  iiboul  2  L-iiniutw  in 
front  of  lower  jaw  011  each  aide,  iiluo  lauee-ghnpi-d.  lint  much  .smaller; 
outor  tt'i'th  of  «])per  jaw  enlarged  aud  «buwiiin  suiuithiiig  nf  the  snnie 
form;  oulorgod  lateral  tvetb  of  lower  jaw  eonipn'Bsed ;  kUI  riikcrs  iuod> 
erat<^,  slouder,  3+(S.  the  lougest  it  eye;  caudal  du  rliombic;  apiuoiia  dorsal 
very  weak;  etoft dorsal  aud  anaX  sealy;  pectoral  1;  iu  heiid;  lat4iral  line 
becomiu^  fttraight  before  veut.  Color  bluish  above,  silvory  below,  some- 
tinieB  witli  dark  Htreaks  al'^iit;  the  rows  of  scales;  caudal  lobe  darker, 
sometimes  black.  LeiiRtb  15  itirhea.  Sandy  coft.st  of  tropical  America, 
both  Paciiic  and  Atlantic ;  comuion  from  (Jiiiuiia  southward  to  Uruguay 
and  Ar^unttive;  also  common  aluitit  Pauimia ;  a  most  excellent  fbod-lisb. 
Hero  described  from  ;»  »i»eeiineu  from  Kto  Graiidodo  i>ul.  Speeimons  from 
raii.iitia  agree  in  every  resper^t.  If  any  ditlereiice  exists  it  must  bo  sought 
iu  i-iitiipauion  of  i<peuimeus  iu  good  couditioii.  {'lyxvXoc,  hooked;  oSav^ 
tooth. ) 

L,>Mhumt  aneyloilon.  BU)CH  A  SeUHeiDBR,  Syst.  lobtb.,  101  pi.  25,  ISOl    Surinam. 
JLHti/l"ili'iijiieiiliilniA.Cv\iKnli.Y\i.KjiciKr<iiZ!t.iii»i.  Nnl    ruins.,  v.  81.  IH-W,  Cayenne; 

Cl'XTliKli,   Cat.  Fiiib.,  n,  JU.  1860:   JuBbAN  Sc  GiLUK&T,  Dull.  n.  8.  i'uli  Couiiu. 

1882,  111. 
Aueifiiidon  nncyUHion.  JORDAN  .V.  ElOEN'MANN,  {.  c,  373,  18S0. 
tltymiththlft  aneDladon,  BKRn,  Ann.  Mun.  Tiwu.  Ain»  1895,  !>'i. 


574.  NEBRIS,  Cuvier  &  Valencieniiea. 
ytbrU.  Ctrmn  A  ValkHCIRNNCS.  BiaL  Nat.  Poiaii.,  V,  149, 1830  (murujM). 

Ilody  rather  elongate,  tapering  backward;  slcnll  excessively  cavernot 
soft  and  flpongy  to  the  touch,  the  inferorbital  apace  very  broad;  mouth 
large,  the  lower  i;iw  projecting;  teeth  ftiilicqual,  in  uattow  bands;  eye 
very  small ;  jireopercle  wttli  a  broad  nit-mliranaeooiis  bor«Iei',  which  is  stri- 
ate<I  aud  fringed;  preorbital  narrow  aud  dat;  nlita  and  pores  of  upper  jaw 


little  conapicnoiig;  vertebru'  lO-f  14;  g\U  rakera  Ioiik  and  ulender,  scales 
ftiuall;  |>.si'ti(1i>l>raiic'hi:i'  jirLvseiit.  Air  lihiililer  with  L'  horns,  8oit  ilurBiil 
uiid  aual  lou^'sinit  scaly ;  spiiii-n  of  lina  wnak.  Lo-wcr  [ihikryngeiilH  narrow, 
8<*i)ar:ito.  Two  H]iecie8;  siiif^iiliir-looUiiif;  lisbttH  iillivil  to  Ct/noscion,  hut 
wotfklv  ariue<l.     (AVfcrin,  an  uhl  iiuijiu  of  Homo  (ish.) 


It.  Scalds  alMivi!  litlvr&l  lino  80,  |>urt'»  5u. 
na.  SokiM  aboro  lateral  lion  110,  pore*  5S 


xwrrvH,  17M. 


1<06.  NKIIKIS  Hl<  IU>PN,  ruviiirdi  ralinnninnit 


HeaMi  ^;  <iepth  i^;  <-ye  laiiiutir,  ll^  in  head,  2k  ici  Nnutit,  t  in  iiiU;rorhital 
are»,  IJ  in  width  of  niaxilljiry,  whirh  is  very  hroad.  Ii,  VIII-I,:;i;  A.  II, 
IS;  scales  18-85-18,  50  jiorcst. 

Hody  pliinip,  anteriorly  tsvpcriiiK  ti>  the  ftleDditrcuiidal  poduiick*;  prullle 
8trni<;ht,  bead  hro.ad,  Jicavy,  exlroincly  spoii^iv  above ;  nioiitb  vi>ry  large, 
ohliqrie ;  lower  jaw  projcL'tiiin,  pr«iiiaxillary  imtoriorly  ou  a  level  wilh  tliu 
uiiihllf  of  thceye;  maxillary  extomliiig  to  hclowpoatcrioruiargiii  of  orhit, 
H  in  bc'td-,  teeth  .itl  luiuutc,  tlio.'^o  of  tli«  lower  jiivv  iu  a  sitiKle  aeriua, 
thoa«  ia  the  upper  Jaw  in  a  hand  which  widens  backward;  tongiiu  hir^o 
and  thick;  head  entirely  scaly;  margin  of  the  preoi)prclo  iiidiNtiuct,  with 
a  very  wide  meDihranmeoiis  edge,  vvhicli  is  nearly  covered  with  scales;  gill 
rakers  long  and  »leudor,  .'i-f-15;  xculeK  ruiuII,  cycloid;  lateral  line  little 
arched;  the  bases,  at  least  of  all  the  soft  (idh,  ileiiHely  covertsd  with  small 
ouales;  dorsal  spines  f<-oh]e,  ^hnrter  than  the  doi-sal  rays;  catidal  binoeo- 
latc;  pectoralH  1\  in  head;  voiitrals  IJ.  t'otnr  silvery,  darker  above;  poc- 
toniN  dusky  on  their  inner  margin.  Atlantic  coast  of  northern  .South 
America,  Oniaiia  and  liraxil,  uu  Kaudy  shores.    (  utupoi,  stiiall;  u^>,  eye.) 

Nflirii  fHieropt,Cvyvmti,  d  VALENrliUfKRS,  Iliiit.  Nat.  Poim.,  v,  146,  pi.  112,  1830,  Surinam  ; 
<:rxTHEB,Cat.,  ir,  318, 184K);  STKiXDAOCteit,  Irlitli.  Kcilr.,  iv.  Ill,  1R7&;  JoKi>u<  4f  GtL- 
BCST,  Bull.  U.  S.  Fiah.  Comm.  1882,  111 :  Jordan  it  ElOE.WAN.1,  (.  c,  374. 

IJSO.  NEBBIK  ZEKTUK,  Jurdau  II  StArka,  uow  apoclM. 

HeadSi;  depth  IJ.  1>.  VI  to  VIII.  28  to  31;  A.  II,  12;  eye  10  in  head; 
snout  4;  maxillary  '2\;  highest  dorttal  spine  H;  [ii-ctoral  at  least  H;  ven- 
tral 2;  scales  20-1 HV20 ;  lateral  line  with  ahunt  .'■ri  pores.  Hody  sciiicoly 
eompressed,  the  dorsal  and  Tentr:il  mitlhies  nhnut  ei|iiat  and  iinifurin. 
Head  large;  aiit-erior  prolilo  iiuhre  or  toss  deciirvo<l  over  snout,  theuc« 
gently  curved  to  dorsal;  snout  hinut,  the  nostrils  elose  together  and  close 
to  eye;  mouth  large,  very  obliiiiie,  the  jaws  about  ei|nnl;  niaxillnry  very 
broad,  tnineato  behind,  reaching  to  jwj.-^terior  lonrj^in  of  eye:  teeth  villi- 
fonn  in  several  series  in  upjicr  jaw,  in  1  in  lower,  all  pninted  and  cnrvcd 
inward;  tongue  largo  aud  thick;  gill  ntkers  sleniler,  the  loiigcHt  a  litlle 
longer  than  oye,6-|-12in  number;  a  short  slit  behind  last  gill  arch; 
psendobranchiie  rery  small.  Head  entirely  scaled;  scales  on  head  larger 
than  ou  bo<ly ;  margin  of  preoperclo  indistinct,  with  a  wido  ineinbranaceows 
edge;  8oale«  along  lateral  litit^  rimniug  to  end  of  caudal  rays,  nearly  twice 
a«  large  as  those  on  the  rest  of  hody.  Spines  of  dnr.tal  very  feeble  and 
covered  with  sm,%ll  scalea,  the  third  spine  higheat,  slightly  higher  than 
3030 12 


1418         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


soft  rays;  anal  and  dorsal  closely  scaled;  anal  spines  scarcely  diBtin- 
guishable.  Pectorals  long,  li  in  head,  reaching  mnch  beyond  ventrals; 
ventrals  inserted  below  base  of  pectorals,  1}  in  head ;  oandal  double  trun- 
cate, the  middle  rays  1^  in  head.  Coloration  pale.  Length  1  foot  or  a 
little  more.  Sandy  Hhores  abont  Panama,  rather  common.  Here  described 
from  numerous  specimens  brought  by  Dr.  Gilbert  from  Panama.  Very 
close  to  Nehrii  microps,  the  scaleH  apparently  smaller.  (Ceoro?,  soft-boiled, 
referring  to  the  soft,  very  spongy  head.)  (Types,  No.  433,  and  others, 
L.  8.  Jr.  Univ.  Mns.     Coll.  Gilbert.) 

575.  PLAGIOSCION,  Gill. 

Ttagiotcion,  Glix,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1861, 82  (a  generic  deacripUon  only ;  no  apecies 

or  type  being  indicated.) 
Diphtepit,  STKlNltACluiKU,  BoitriiKe   zur  KenntnisB  der  Scinnoiden  BraaiUena,  2,  1883, 

(tiiuamotittimui) ;  name  preoccupied  in  Hymenoptera. 
PlOj/tofcion,  JOBDAN  &  EiiiKKllAim,  Review  Suimnidat,  380, 1889  (tguamonMimtM). 

This  genus  consists  of  fresh  water  Sciienoids,  inhabiting  the  rivers  of 
South  America,  probably  occasionally  descending  to  the  sea.  It  is  closely 
allied  to  Corvula  and  Pteudotolithiu,  from  both  of  which  it  is  well  dis- 
tinguished by  the  peculiar  squamation  of  the  lateral  line,  a  character 
which  suggested  to  Dr.  Steindachner  the  name  DipMepit,  the  scales  of  the 
lateral,  line  being  covered  with  smaller  ones.  Like  most  fresh-water 
fishes,  the  species  of  Plagiotcion  are  subject  to  many  variations,  especially 
in  regard  to  the  size  of  the  second  anal  spine.  But  3  or  4  of  the  many 
nominal  species  seem  to  be  valid.  We  attach  to  this  genus,  with  doubt,  a 
species  (heterolcfris)  which  we  have  not  seen  and  which  may  belong  to 
Ophiotcion.    (n\ayi6i,  oblique;  dniov,  Sciana.) 

a.  Second  anal  spine  Hmall,  scaroely  longer  than  eye,  4  to  S}  timea  in  leaf^h  of  bead, 
b.  Dorsal  rays  X-I,  31  or  32.  squAMoeiBSiMCS,  1797. 

bb.  Dorsal  rays  X-I,  28  or  29.  hetkrolbpk,  1798. 

aa.  Second  aual  spino  very  large>nd  strong,  2  to3 in  bead ;  dorsal  ra.vs  X-I,  32  or  33. 

SORINAMBlfSIH,  1799. 

1797.  PLAGIOSCION  iMilTlH08IS.SIIIl)$  (Heckel). 

HeadSi;  depth  3.(.  I).  X-I,  31  or  32;  A.  II,  7;  scales  (large  ones  or 
pores)  49  to  53.  Second  anal  spine  small,  scarcely  longer  than  eye,  its 
length  4  to  5^  in  hea<l;  teeth  of  lower  jaw  with  the  inner  series  consider- 
ably enlarged;  snout  of  moderate  length,  5  in  head;  eye  5^;  maxillary  2^^- 
ill  head;  gill  rakers  rather  long,  x-|-12;  pseudobranchiu;  usually  small  on 
one  side  and  obsolete  on  tlie  other;  upper  part  of  the  preopcrcle  creniilate 
on  its  bony  margin ;  pectoral  fin  short,  IJ  in  head;  anal  spine  4^  to  5^,  its 
length  subject  to  murh  variation ;  caudal  convex;  ventrals  filamentous  at 
tip.  Lower  pharyngeals  narrow,  armed  with  villiform  teeth.  Color  sil- 
very, darker  above,  the  axil  with  a  large  black  spot.  Rivers  of  Guiana 
and  Brazil,  generally  common  southward;  no  Guiana  specimens  seen  by 
us,  the  specimens  here  described  from  Obidos  and  Coary. 

Seiama  finamotitrima.  Ueckel,  Annaleu  des  Wiener  Museum.  II,  4,18.  1840,  Amazon; 

Stkimiaciineb,  ISeitr.  zur  Kenntniss  der  Fiscb-Fauna  Snd-Amencas,  3. 1879. 
rSeiftna  rubtUa,  ScHOMBCKOK,   Naturalists'   Library,   Fishes  of  Uoiaua,  ii,  133,  184.'), 

Rivers  of  Guiana.    (D.IX,34;  A.  11,6;  anal  spines  presumably  small.) 


Jordan  and  Evermatin. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1119 


JioAniufcraMTina,  CAaTKtjTAV,  Anini.  Xnav.  on   RnrM  dp  I'Am^r.  du  JSud,  Poiasona,  II, 

pi.  V,  Sg.  l.iiboiic  185.'), Rio  Crixat,  Rio  Araguay. 
JohHiiit  amazunieii*.  (.'a^telmau,  Anim.  Moil  v.  uu  Ritrostli?  l'Alu6r.  du  Slid,  HoiaH.,  12.  |>L4, 

Dk.  1. 1K&5,  Aiiiaroii. 
Corvinti  iHO»aai.ntha,  CoPK,*  Troua.  Am.  FhlL  8oc  18MI,  402,  near  Paramaribo,  Dutch 

Guiana. 
attama  am<i;o«i(ca.  GVirTBEli,  Cat.,  II,  284,  18W. 
Seiarna  cmurina,  (tL'.vniEli,  ChI.,  tl.  287,  IHW. 
Paehj/uriit  •i/iuinton'wi'rniu,  tirMTHKii.  C!iit.,  ii,S26.  ttMW. 
IHplalrpin  niuHinuniumtit.  STKINriACIINRIt.  Sciirii.  Itribiil.. ;.',  IINi3, 
PlthjioteiuH  t'jiiamofittiinM,  ,U>HVAK  ii.  l^UBHMAN.v.  /,  c.  :Uj3. 


ITUN.  I'LAtniLsrinN  I1KTI:R0I,KPISI  (Illeukerj. 

Head  3\  to  3^ ;  d«p(b  '.U  to  35.  U.  X-I.  2H  or  2<J;  A.  Il,7|  wules  45. 
Caiidul  rhomliii-,  ittt  Icuglk  J  that  of  Ue.id ;  lioily  rather  t'lun>;Mted,  tbo 
form  much  hs  iu  i ipkiQucivn  lypicHi  l>iit  tiio  head  less  <lniirt>i*»er) ;  iirolilo 
iIopreMeJ  above  e.ye;  <'y<>  4  iu  licad,  an  I»ii<4  as  tbc<  siiniit,  vrhicb  ik  ratber 
long,  bluntiab  at  tip;  prumbitnl  j  luii};tli  uf  l\v'u;  uiuiith  modorjite,  hori- 
zontal; iiiiixillary  extciidinii»  tu  below  uiiddlu  ikf  oye,  L'^  iu  bt>iid;  twth  iu 
inauy  serieo,  outer  series  of  the  npppr.j;iw  souiowhnt  longer,  tbuao  of  the 
lower  jaw  all  snlwjqiial;  preojicrcle  entire  tia  tbn  tiKure);  Hcalns  of  tlie 
cheek  cyrloid,  tbono  of  the  operclu  ami  body  otifituid;  If!  serica  of  8e:ile8 
ubove  the  lateral  line,  l(>  below  it;  sjiiiiuiia  durstu]  littlo  loiigt^r  tbun  high, 
the  Hpiiii'8  Kleiider,  Hcarcely  flexibli',  the  third  luii),'est.  'J  ia  LlmiI;  soft  dor- 
rbI  densely  scaly,  the  loii;;<-8t  ray  2i  in  bend;  Kei-uud  anal  !>piii4'  biiiuII, 
little  lougcr  tlinii  the  eye,  3|  in  head;  pectorals  5V  ju  hi-ad.  Color  jfreen- 
iah  or  bluijih-^iray  above,  silvery  bidow;  liim  .Nellovvish.  Siirtuaiu;  not 
seen  by  its,  perhaps  uot  belongi^iug  to  thia  geniiH.  {crepo;,  dilTorent; 
Xexii,  Hcole.) 

a  htbroUpU,  ItLnxER.  Arrhirea  NeerlandaUcs,  viii,  187:1. 45M,  willi  pinte,  Surinam, 
httnvlfri*.  •roHliiJ«  &  P.IIIINMANN,  (.e.,40!>. 

KM.  PLAtilO!HiOX  Kt)BI>-AMEX)«IN  (Rlwker^ 

Head  3i;  depth  3.;.  T).  X-I,  31  to  .13;  A.  11. 1^;  enlarged  scales  in  liiternl 
line  about  SO,  about  100  in  a  longitudinal  suriex  nbovo  it.  Seeiiud  anal 
spine  large  ami  ntroiig,  its  length  2  to  '.i  in  head ;  tectb  of  lower  jaw  with 
the  inner  series  considerably  enlarged;  hiiomi  very  tihort,  blout,  vli  in  head; 
IicimI  depretwud  above  the  eyott:  ntontli  large,  ratlior  (ililiqiie,  suliiul'erior, 
the  uiaxillary  2i  in  head,  reiiohiiig  p:f<t  eye;  baik  elevated;  ventral  ont- 
liue  ueiu'ly  straight;  caudal  pediiiulo  blender;  prenrbital  broad,  a  little 
uarrower  than  eye,  \vhie.h  i»  .5.j  in  head;  [hreopertle  rounded,  nearly  or 
i|uitfl  entire;  teetii  of  outer  series  in  upper  Jaw  and  inner  s4>rioH  of  lower 


'  The  followiaif  latbwuaWaliMicoof  Proftwaor  ("ciprBdrxcriptlon  of  Corvina  monneanthtt: 
Firat  vt'utrnl  ray  prmliicwi  an  a  filnitient  wliicli  r»aclifH  p.ijil  tliu  vent ;  iwemloltrnncliin' 
nune;  0,ye4  5  In  Eirwl ;  ilepth  r()ual  lo  len^tli  iif  Ikend;  preu|>pri'lo  nhurp.  wrraCc-  cm  it;* 
vpflicaf  iiiurt:iii:  |>liar>°)i|;>'ai  piitthcK  of  tirtli  nrnall.  tlie  lei-lh  lirixtly;  eniidul  tin  siili- 
tMli«<-oInl<?;  ppt'torala  a*  loue  a*  veulralx  wUhnul  UliuuenU;  unal  Hpiiieti  aliurt,  ainKle  iu 
typii'ul  KiH-vitimun;  lOloT.  silTcrv,  Rmylslj  aboVe;  no  spots.  1>.  X-I,  31);  A.  1,5.  Srtilca 
KMH-IB 

t  Ble(>kor'M  flgun<  rcprmenta  Ihu  rtpfcim  tiA  liiivinj:  tliv  ]irtMij>Qr«jlo  entire  n»  in  JohniuM 
and  I'hvjiuMioti.    In  uthcr  regarda  it  reMouiblea  Ophiiueion. 


1420         DulUtin  /7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


notnhly  enlarged;  dorsal  npines  slender,  tLe  highest  1%  iu  he»d;  pect«>rul 

lij  its  beutl;  vtiiitralH  1};  ncii1«h  !i11  ctenoid.  Color  grnytoli  above,  ftilvery 
lii'liivv;  iijuiur  vertical  titifi  pmietuttf;  lower  liim  yeilowiRh;  a\il  dark. 
(SUiiiidncbiiiT. )  Rivera  of  Cniaiia,  Veue/uela,  and  ColoiultiA;  uot  m-eo 
by  iw. 

I'tcuilutciiDia  rtirliKnimnU,  li].K.EKEU,   Arcli.  Nw)!-!.  Sci.    ExHcL  Ml  NuV,  VIII,  18T3,  408. 

Surinam. 
.Vn'<m<i  viaijilattHO',  Stkivpacukkb,  SCor  FlacbFaiins  dea  Magdalraen-StromM,  0,  1BT8, 

Magdalena  Bay, Venezuela. 
Scittna  mirinamtiinji,  STKINDAi-hnbk,  rioob-Faunu  ilea  Cauca,  i,  1880. 

S76.  LARIMUS,  Cuvier  <&.  Valen«ieniies. 

LarimuM,  CrviER  x  yAl..Et<('iicio<'K8,  IJUl.  Nm.  Pnian.,  v,  US,  1630  (brrwitrpit. 
Ambljfieion,  CilUL,  Priic.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Pliila.  180.1,  IS!)  iarr/enuiu). 
Uoitorira,  Poey,  AnalM  do  Uial.  Xat.  EHp.  1881,  328  {tlahli). 

ISody  rather  elonj^atc,  compressed;  sknll  (irm,  not  jjreiilly  (■avernoiis; 
iiiterorbital  Kjiaco  rather  narrow;  (ircorbital  tlattiali,  not  turgid;  upper 
jaw  with  the  usual  slits  iind  pores  little  d<'VL<kipi>d;  uo  barbels;  no  ciiniin-s; 
snout  ver)'  short,  mouth  larne,  t*riiiin;il,  very  (ddiqui*  or  even  vi-rtical,  the 
lower  jaw  projecting;  truth  niiuute,  i-i|ii»l,  uoi.icriiil  or  partly  hiserial 
iibove;  pn-operclo  cnitirc  or  neitily  mo,  without  Iiony  teclh.  iScali'S  niod- 
eriitiv,  Huheiitni].  I'sendobriiuchin-  wpU  developed.  Fins  essentially  no  in 
lUiirdiella,  the  second  dcirt^iil  loii^,  tin!  anal  short,  its  .spines  iiiodi'rnto  or 
fliuall;  fiUM  not  thukeni'd  1]y  acce.'^sory  si-iiles.  (till  rakers  lonii^  and  slen- 
der. Vertebnt'  10+14.  Silvery  tishes,  all  Aini<rican.  (Larimut,  n  name 
nsed  liy  Oppieu  for  some  tish,  "sanasigiiitication  pri^cise.") 

JAJIBL.YBnoN  aiiflAM,  liliiut:  ff*io>'.  iSfiama.): 
a,  Moiitli  Inrgi',  tlii-  ili'fi  iiui  to  vortical;  jirotilo  aliglillj- convex,  nearly  lioritontnl;  do 
trnri.'A  ol'tturk;  Mtripi<a  alung  the  n>wB  of  h(>4l1im;  iiinxUlarr  not  extending  br3'nDd 
anterior  unir^in  iil'  pupil.  2  iu  liciid;  Anoiit  vi>ry  nliort,  5^  ju  brad,  vnntralii  a 
littlu  ahurtcr  ttion  i>eoU>ral»  wbich  ore  na  long  a«  lioad.  D.  X-I,  37  -,  A.  II,  0. 

AUUK.KTEOS,  1800. 
LABtXl'B :  * 

da.  Mouth  iuort<  or  l««ii  nliliiinc,  not  r| iiite  vertical ;  upper  i>art«  with  dark  atreaka  alone 
tbe  ruwsur xrult'S;  pr<>tit« Hli;;litl>  convex,  a littl4> iilili<|ui>;  maxilbtry  extending 
tn  lu'liiw  rruvt  nrorbit,  2  iu  biuiil. 
b.  Doranl  ra.vn  2T  to  3(>;  niiiutli  not.ibly  i]liliqui>. 

e.  Vp]*vr  partfl  flilvi>ry,  wjlhoiil  dark  fttrCftka  *tr  rrnnfl  bandn;  fM*ctoflUa  long 
iiud  nnrriiW,  ,■„  lungvr  than  head.    1>.  XI.  1!8  tu  30. 

ErrvLuns,  laoi. 

ce.  T'l>|><*r  parto  u-itb  diatlnct  dark  ntmakii  aloni;  tho  row*  of  aroloa. 

it.  S4'CMi-t*l  tioiil  npiuc  Ij  li>  '21  in  l]i>nd,  luti  n^irhiij;;  tipn  nf  ttofl  ravH; 
ilnr  k  St  rcako  very  distinct:  mautblrHRuUliquu;  gill  cavity  largely 

lll»»-k.  ACC1.IVI8.  1802. 

dr(.  Secniidanalapinel|i]ibead,raaabinKt3|Moraart  r»ya:  dark  Atroako 

oDaidcanot  rerydiatisoti  moutbveryobliqnc;  gill  cavity  |>ale. 

BRKVICCI'S,  IMS. 
fcfc.  Donuil  ra.Mi  24  to  2':  nintitli  nliU  Inax  abUr|un,  lb«  anout  niorr  convex,  tbe  pro- 
file denncndiuf;  forward. 
c.  t'uliir  nil  very,  wtlb  laure  or  Icaa  ilintinct  alriMka  lUnng  tbe  rows  of  Male*: 
riu  ilnrk  croas  bam. 
/.  Second  anal  apine  rallier  »hurt,  3  iu  bead;  atripea  very  diaUnct;  poo 
lorala  1}  iu  bead,  reaching  vent.    D.  X-I,  37;  A.  11,  6, 

PACiricue,  laoi. 


r*.  Color  (n^yinh,  HJlTery,  with  atmnt  7  diirk  vertical  crniM  linrs;  aerond  anal 
Rpini'  xhorl,  .'IJ  in  hc4><l.  Itody  limvy  forwanl,  iiiucli  coni|ir<Miu<4l, 
tJie  flDiiiit  viry  sliort  And  blant,  U\  in  lirjiil;  niotitli  largn,  Irss 
iiWli|ni>  tliun  In  iitln>r  »|»pcle»;  ti|i  nf  preruaxillary  ou  level  uf  mid- 
dif*  ori>ii{nl;  muxillar^'  2  in  ltt*Hd;  gill  rakiTM  cxtTeriieiy  elougati*, 
■a  lone  ait  oyr.  !'•!  f  24:  Aocond  anal  apinr'  •liort,  4  •l>i>rti'r  tliiin  tli« 
dnl  aoft  ray.    D.  X-1,  24  to  26;  A.  II,  h  ut  0.  pabcutuh,  IIWS. 

Subgenus  AMBLYSCION 


I8mi,  LABIHUN  4RaE»TEUN  (Oil)). 


Tleail  3i;  ileptb  3;  stumt  very  Hiiorl.  'i\  in  lit'ail;  <>>•<«  large,  J}.  D.  X-I, 
27;  A.  II,  fi;  m'aJBM  15-40-10.  Hody  roljiist.  Htri)ii}{ly  c'oiiipreKse«i,  MoulL 
large,  the  clffi  vertical ;  iintcrlnr  jinifile  «lit»lit]y  convox,  iiniirly  Iinri/ontiil ; 
maxitlary  not  oxten<liii)^  beyond  anterior  iiuir^iik  of  ]iii{>il,  ita  I'lul  wiile 
and  truucate,  2  in  ticad;  tcutli  nil  tiiinute,  in  a  Hin;^!!!  row  in  t^ni'li  Jaw; 
preopercle  with  astriated  iinil  cillititMl  UHsuibranaceoiiH  tiorder;  j^ill  rakers 
}  Icn^tli  t>f  eyu,  T-f-lU;  8<.'»le»  on  heail  all  cyclnid;  latornl  litie  running  out 
to  ood  o1'  rnudal  rays;  iii^liej^t  rlurttal  H])inu  1\  in  lieiiil ;  Hei'oiid  ueieiI  Hpirio 
Btroiig,  nearly  as  long  ai  rtiys,  its  ti[>  reaching  to  tijiof  iHut  niy,  ita  k'tijitli 
24;  veutrsik  n  little  nhorter  thau  pei'tonils,  nhieli  are  uhnut  as  Ititig  :ih 
heati.  Color  ])liiinb<><>ii8  nlmve,  goldiin  Ixdow  and  on  tiideN  ;  a  ld;ick  axil- 
lary spot;  a  lnri;esti'el-l)luo  (ijiorctiliir  npot;  no  traces ol' dark  ntii|ii'(i)ili)ng 
thn  ro>vs  nf  scalofl.  Of  nil  known  spericH  of  iicitvnii\a\  this  unu  has  thu 
inoiitli  most  nearly  vcrticiil.  Tburu  in,  however,  in  ibt  atrncturo  nutliiag 
to  warrant  its  separation  hs  a  distinct  genns,  .imhlyiivioH.  Ma/atlan  to 
Fiuianiu;  locally  comuiou;  a  raoat  singiilnr  flsb.     (nr</('n/«ita,  silvery.) 

AiHtili/irion  argrntfiii,  OiLL,  Proc.  Ac  Kat.  Svi.  Phlla.  IMS,  1S5,  Weat  coast  of  Central 

America.     (Coll.C'apl.  J.  M.  Oiw.) 
Larimtu  argtntetu,  JoauiUN  &.  Giutcnr,  Bull.  V.  .S.  Fi«li.  I'uQim.  IB82,  110;  Jhhuam  A. 

KtunnURll,  <.<!..  375. 

Subeenua  LARIMUS. 
IHOl.  LtRlMDS  Et'i'H.il.VK.VS.  Gillwrt. 

Head  3i  to  3,^1 ;  depth  2*  to  H.  D.  XI,  2x  t<>  *i;  A.  II,  tj;  P.  l(i.  Eye 
large,  3)  to  i^  in  head;  interorldtal  spiH-e  t^  to  4^;  p'jri>8  of  lateral  line 
49  or  50.  Month  slightly  more  <>l>li(|,ne  than  in  /..  acrlivit,  much  less 
■otban  in  L,  argrnltut.  rreniaxillarics  anteriorly  on  a  level  with  iniddlfl 
of  pnpil  (lower  part  of  pupil  in  f..  ncf/iiM),  JtaxillAry  reaching  altont 
vertiral  from  front  of  pupil,  'M  to  '2\  in  Li-ad,  Tortli  miiiiitr,  tdose-wt, 
even,  in  .a  single  series  in  each  jaw,  none  of  tlmni  I'nlargod.  Pn'opcrcnlnr 
ninrgiii  niemliranons,  with  llexililc  ribs  ending  in  luiiuite  Hpiniik's,  (lill 
rakers  very  long,  j  diameter  of  orliit.  K)  or  20  on  hori/nritnl  liniU  of  artdi. 
Dorsal  spirir's  high  and  tlexible,  tlio  first  'J  not  uoticeahly  thickeiird; 
tenth  spine  shortest;  soft  dorsal  very  long,  its  Uaso  'Ji  to  2J  in  length; 
third  dor»al  spine  longMil,  :^  to  2)1  in  lieud;  the  lougi-st  dorsal  ray  o<tii;ils 
length  of  snout  and  eye;  second  anal  »]tnw  very  strong,  2[  in  head;  pec- 
toral very  long  and  narrow,  i',i  longer  than  hend,  injnred  in  tnost  spoci- 
mens;  Tentrals  reaching  to  or  slightly  beyond  vent,  IJi  in  bead;  caudal 


1422  Bulletin  4.J,  United  States  National  Museum. 


Iftncjeoliite,  the  niiddlti  riiys  much  pn^dnrcd,  an  long  an  bead;  tubes  of 
Inters!  line  miirh  hr:inelioil;  dc^finito  nrnly  ilieiiths  along  basos  of  dorsal 
and  an.1l ;  bitsal  jtoitiiniHof  uicuihriiitci^  uf  vertical  fiua  with  series  of  scnlcs. 
Itii^lit  siU'Ciry.  the  back  ^ityiHh;  liniii);  of  checks  block,  a  small  black 
lilotcli  im  iippur  tliinl  (if  iisil ;  Tentrals,  aoal,  and  lower  rutida)  rays  bright 
oriingc  yt'ilow;  liiis  nthflrwiso  diiaky  translncent.  Leugtb  8  inches.  Pan- 
ama, rather  ciiuiuioti;  iiuuiuroiisspecimeuti  wcru  secured.  (lUlliert.)  Very 
cloHO  to  L.  urcHfit,  with  vvbilc'b  it  agrtX'H  in  aliiiost  nil  dotuijs  of  strnc- 
turo.  The  color  is^  howfvor,  bright  eilvcrj'  without  trace  of  stripen. 
iw  bt  L.  arijenieuH.  The  pi-ctoriil  ftu  is  iilso  inucb  louger.  {effuli/eni, 
shining.) 

harimiu  *ful0eut,  Oilbeiit  MS.,  Finlies  of  ranunii  IcIBg,  Panama.   <Coll.  GltlMrt.) 

imi.  I.ABIJICN  ACCUnJ!i,  Joraan  It  Uriatol. 

Head  3J  to  3i;  depth  2  ,'•„  to  3h.  1>.  X-I.  27  to  29;  A,  H.  5  or  6;  scales  fi 
or  7  (counting  from  third  dorsal  .ipiiu^  oblifjuely  backward) — 47  to  4!»-10  or 
11.  Body  rob«iH(,  compressed;  tlie  linck  m>iiiewliat  elevated  ;  profile  con- 
vex. Head  narrow,  its  width  21,  to  21,  in  it-K  length  Snout  short,  5i  to  51 
in  hi'ad.  Kye  large,  S,";,  to  ;ij|  in  head.  Mouth  large,  the  cleft  obli(|uo, 
Ws  steep  than  in  /.,  lirerifi-pii ;  lower  jaw  cnrvfd,  cousidernbly  )iro- 
jttcting;  niaxilbiry  extending  xtboiit  to  middle  of  piijiil,  V!  to  2{  in  head, 
'IVtitli  niinnte,  tiriii,  ntiistvriiil  in  each  juw,  Int«rorbitiil  region  convex, 
IJ  to  IJt  ill  eye.  iJill  nikors  11  or  l'2  +  '2i)or  2\.  long  and  slender.  Preopcr- 
cle  with  a  limdy  suvriited  nioiiibrauacroiiti  iimrglu.  I.caot  depth  of  caudal 
ppduncle  2j  to  H  in  heikd.  ScabiH  rather  large,  nioHtly  ctenoid,  cycloid  on 
head  oxc6|ding  tii'>8(^  on  ponterior  iiurtion  of  the  top,  the  rows  above  lul- 
eriil  lino  abruptly  oblii|Qe,  a  ehnracter  subject  to  great  variation;  the 
Hcnle»  in  lli(<  lateral  line  with  about  5  or  U  tubules;  ttn.ml  and  dorsal  with  a 
Nlientb  at  b:tsu,  the  scalca  of  which  are  cycloid;  the  MheittK  beneath  the 
spinnuH  dor.Hai  not  very  di.itin^t;  tliu  fins  excepting  spinous  dorsal,  scaled 
birasbort  distiinre  above  liaao  with  cycloid  scales,  those  on  caudal  extend- 
ing hall'way  to  its  tip.  Origin  uf  spinous  dorsal  2,'  to  2«  iu  origin  of  soft 
dorna} ;  third  dorsal  sguiie  I3  to  H  in  head;  soft  dorual  about  I4  times  as 
long  »«  head;  origin  of  anal  H|  to  3i  in  head;  second  spinn  moderate,  IJ 
to  2i  in  bead,  not  reaching  tips  of  soft  rays;  ventrals  reaching  slightly 
past  vent,  1,';  in  bead;  pectorals  leaclung  slightly  piuit  tip  of  ventrals 
••(pulling,  or  li  in,  head.  Color  grayish  silvery,  darker  above,  clear  silvery 
white  litdow ;  cttnnpicuous  dark  brown  or  black  stripes  on  back  and  sides 
following  the  rows  of  scub's,  formed  of  mure  or  less  cualescent  dark  spots; 
lower  piirt  of  bead  liright  silvery  ;  a  large  steel-blue  axillary  spot;  region 
iibniit  jmendobraiic1ii:e  largely  black  ;  region  in  lower  part  of  month  bright 
orange,  and  trace.'<  of  o-range  in  ujtper  part;  lower  mandible  blacktsb; 
touKue  dusky  at  tip;  Ji  souiewbat  indistinct  narrow  ^^^eak  of  jilaiiv  dark 
brown  extending  from  a  [mint  iti  the  tiiedinn  line,  ,'  the  distani'e  from  the 
lirst  dorsal  sjiine  to  tip  of  iireinaxillary,  (d)lii|uely  backward  and  rlown  ward 
to  nr  nearly  to  the  lateral  line,  thin  str<-uk  more  idcarly  seen  iu  dry  speci. 
mens;  fins  dusky;  Mpinvus  dors.il  dark  brown  ;  VL-ntrals  yellowish,  daskyat 
tip;  both  ventrals  aufi  pectorals  darlier  on  their  inner  than  on  their  outer 
surfaces.      This  species   (litters  from   A.  l<rerUrji»  chiefly  iu  the  shorter 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1423 


anal  spine,  the  mtich  nmro  distinct  dark  liiii's,  tlie  loss  nearly  vertical 
mouth,  tlie  back  more  stoeply  archfd,  the  darker  color  of  the  gill  cavity. 
Id  bonie  oase^  tiie  direction  of  the  rows  of  Ncalen  on  the  buck  is  more 
nearly  vertical,  but  iu  this  tUuru  are  great  variations.  West  coast  of  Mex- 
ico and  CeDtralAnivrica,  from  SimorM  to  Pauiiiiia;  ni>t  rareoTi  sandy  nhores. 
Lcu;{lli  4f  to  0}  luches.  Doscrrtied  friiin  uiituerous  f<]u'L'inirriH  froiii  San 
Jaau  Lagoon,  Sonora,  and  from  I'anauia.  {acclU'ts,  Mtctoply  ascetidiug, 
referring  to  the  direction  of  the  rows  of  bcuIoh  above  lutonil  lino.) 

Larimut  aceUtru,  Jordan  4:  ButSTuL,  Prw^.  V.  S.  Nal.  Miia.  181)7,  San  Juan  Lagoon, 
Sonera.     (CcilJ.  AUiatrou.    T.v|)p,  Nu.  i\  L.  S.  Jr.  Univ.  Has.) 

1808.  LARINl^ii  HHIlVirKPN,  Cnvler  A.  Valenciennea. 

(Cabkzon.) 

Head  .^? ;  depth  3;  eye  4  in  heiid.  I>.  X-I,  28;  X.  JI,  6;  scales  7  (connt- 
Ing  from  third  dorsal  spine  ubliijnely  backward)  4H-H.  Body  robust;  the 
profile  less  convex  thuu  in  /..  acrliriK.  Wiilt.h  of  Iicad  1'  in  itn  length; 
snout  short,  5  iu  head,  (.'left  of  month  approiicliiu^  a  purpuiidicnliir  nnich 
more  nearly  than  in  L.  acclivit;  the  lower  jaw  les.'^  convex;  luuxillary 
2  iu  bead.  Teeth  niiuote,  firm,  uniseriul  in  earli  jaw.  Inton^rbitul 
region  convex,  4  in  head  ainl  1  in  eye.  <lill  rakers  nUciut  10-|-20,  loni;  and 
slender,  the  loudest  1^  iu  head;  least  <lepth  of  caudal  podunelr  ',i  iu 
bead.  Scales  an  in  L.  acclirit.  exue[iting  that  in  our  speiimeus  the  rows 
above  the  lateral  line  are  rather  more  horizontal  and  tbereforu  fewer  in 
DumlKT  thau  in  soiue  speciniens  of  L.  iierlirk.  (iri>;in  of  spiuons  dorsal  2 
in  origin  of  auft  dorsal  and  IJ  )u  bead:  third  il<ir8al  spiuo  lj|  iu  lioad ; 
second  anal  spino  Ij  in  bead,  reucbinj;  to  tip  of  louni'st  soft  r;iy;  veutrals 
IJ  in  bead;  pectorttl  as  lonj;  as  head.  Color  silvery,  brown  iiliovt-,  clear 
white  silvery  b^low  ;  tUe  rows  of  sialcs  {ibovc  with  dark  streaks,  tbeHO 
much  leas  distinct  tb;in  in  L.acrlirU:  a  brownish  axillary  spot;  region 
about  psfudolirani'lii.i'  but  little  dusky;  lower  part  of  mouth,  and 
sides  of  nuiuth  on  u|i|ier  jaw  oruuge;  ti]i  rif  toiij;;uo  uud  end  of  lower 
mandible  duwky ;  Hum  dusky;  spinous  dorsal  darker;  ventrals  yellowish; 
upper  part  of  pectoral  dusky.  Length  10  inches.  West  Indii's,  south  to 
RraKil.  Here  described  from  a  sjieciinen  collected  by  the  Allmtrom  from 
St.  Lucia  and  from  a  sjieciiueu  iu  the  O.  .S.  National  Museuui  from  Kings- 
ton, .lamaiea.     (brefU,  short;  -cvpn,  head.) 

Larimin  brrnerpi.  Cl'VIEJi  &  VALGSCieKNKs.  Uiat.  Xat.  Potaa.,  v.  116,  pi.  UO,  1B30, 
Braiiil;  San  Domingo;  CDnthek,  Cat.,  U,  ^'1(8, 1800;  (JCSTUEU,  Kiativa Centrut  Ainuriia, 
:ig7  null  425,  l»m.  nEAN  A.  Drkscei..  Tro)'.  IT.  S.  Not.  Mua.  1884, 158 ;  JoauAN  .v  Eiokn- 
MANM,  I.  c  375.  1889,  in  part,  Atlantic  ii|H<rmien)i. 

fUamitiTU  MtahU,'  Poet.  Kaiiua  I'lierto  Kii|uviia.  .i'M.  pi.  A,  1881,  Puerto  Rico. 

Ltirtmut  lUtMi,  Jubuah  li,  Kioknmamn,  (. «..  370, 188V. 


'MomnCra  atahli,  PORT,  Kevins  iileoticul  with  L.  brrrieept.  Tlir  rnllowin£  i*  tlio  aab- 
»lftn<'<'  of  Pocv'n  deBcnption  : 

lleail  3i .  ilfiilli  S;  i-Y.  31  anunl  .'■.  I).  X-I,  S&:  A.  II,  5.  Uody  deep,  snnnl  abort,  tbo 
priitllii  iloMcmiilinit  furWaril:  nioulli  lArife,  iiiaiillliir,v  3  in  li(<iiil,  lnnir  inanibMp  produi'rd 
and  curved,  n  pore  nu  cat'h  flutc  of  tliti  nyiiipliyio:  Rilt  ralciTn  Soii^  atut  HieiiilHr:  teeth 
iinl«eriiil.  niiuieroiiK  .nnil  very  mnnll.  Tk(Me  nl'  the  lower  Jaw  hliglitlv  Inrticr:  iiectoralii 
lnucenlal«,  rt^iM^liine  l>eynnii  vimt.  xliichrly  loniccr  than  k«u>t:  xvconil  uiiul  Hpiue  Innc 
nearly  i  in  licuid.  (j<>lar  wliiU',  witli  raiiit  streakii.  lint  vcltbout  verlirnl  ilnrk  bore.  Porto 
Kico.  (Nunii'il  for  l>r.  Anunliu  SuthI,  uf  I'Dcrto  Ulcu,  ot  whotic  collet'liou  of  Usiica  tliia 
■pncioa  furuied  a  (wrt.) 


1424         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Mttseum. 


laai.  T.tRIMrs  r*aFICC8,  JowIm  &  UoUman. 

Head  3  (3J);  deptli  auiiie,  D.  X-I,  27;  A.  II.  f^\  scales  G-50-11.  Roily 
rdritprisseti,  fornietl  its  in  other  spci-ios;  liark  ulpvntnil,  reKi'lor'r  roniided 
froiu  snout  to  last  dorsjil  ruy ;  veiitral  uutliiici  most  iirched  luitcriorly,  boso 
ol'  aiiul  ob1ir|iiu.  Distauc^  t'roin  vcutraln  tn  :inal  luore  ttmu  (tejtth  of  body, 
BO  that  the  vtMitralH  do  not  reach  veiil.  Profile  of  h<!iul  dopreHseil  very 
Kliglitly  before  dornu]  iiiul  ahovo  eyes.  Snout  short,  4}  in  ht'ad.  Eye 
moderate',  «(jii»l  to  width  of  iiitrrorhital.  \  in  head.  Mouth  ratber  large; 
mnxillary  rpaihinjj  (lOHturinr  hunlir  of  oyi',  'A  iu  bead.  Protnasillary 
opiio^iitf  luiddli'  of  |iii[>il.  Width  of  |>reorbitaI  J  eye.  Pores  of  snoqt 
and  tbiu  :ia  in  other  specii-s  of  Lanmtin.  Preopfrcle  with  a  narrow,  cren- 
nlate,  uieiiibianuiis  border;  acajmlar  scale  with  wiU-dovelopod  iiiein- 
branoiiB  toi'th;  njH-rrle  with  vl  gradnat-ed,  atid,  luciubranoiis  Rpiuen 
above  and  another  below.  tUll  ruktTs,  long  jiud  slender,  longest  e(|ual  to 
length  of  oyo,  about  10  +  20.  Kcales  on  h<sad  and  anterior  part  of  breast 
eyeloid;  buses  of  membranes  of  iiuR  aealy.  First  dorsal  ajiiiif  iiiHevted 
over  base  of  pectorals;  fourth  spin**  loiige-st,  2^  in  bead.  Anterior  and 
|ioaterior  soft  raya  of  dorsal  suhei^iial,  3  iu  head.  Second  anal  spiue  nhort, 
not  much  over  \  as  long  aa  lirst  rays,  ita  tip  imt  ne.irly  reavhirig  end  of 
last  ray,  3  in  head;  secoud  anal  ray  24  in  head  ;  distance  between  origin 
of  ventral*  ami  aual  \  more  thin  depth  of  body;  [lectorals  \\  in  bead, 
roaehiiig  aniifi ;  veittralji  not  leai'hlnj;  vent,  by  alnio«t  +  eye,  1;  lu  bend. 
Coloration  essontiiilly  similar  to  th:it  of  //.  aec\%r\»\  silvery,  with  contin- 
ent dusky  apots  forming'  dark  strpaks  nloiig  tiio  rows  of  acnles;  nninerona 
Idaek  dot-B  from  anout  to  eaitdal  be-low  lateral  line;  openle  appearing 
flitsky  externally,  beeause  the  skin  lining  the  region  around  pHendn- 
branchiii'  la  inky  black;  dorsal,  •■aiidal,  anal.  :ind  pectorals  Homewliat 
dusky;  soft  dorsal  pale  at  base,  then  with  a  dMsky  and  ])iile  longitu- 
dinal streak,  Ihe  di.^fal  half  dnsky;  general  eoloiatiou  less  yellow  tbnu  iu 
brci'foejja  and  the  litrouka  along  scales  more  ]ir»ininent.  Here  described 
ftou)  the  type,  a  speeimen  5^  iuobes  long.     Off  coast  of  L'olombia. 

LaHniHt  ■piid^eHi,  Jordan  U  Ucillma.x,  I'roo.  U.  S.  Nut.  Mu».  ISOB.  101,  Pacific  Ocean, 
off  coait  of  Colombia,  at  Albatroia  station  l8oj,  8>'  38'  N..  79''  31'  30"  W.,  between 
0<lap*eos  lilaad  and  Panama.     (Ty|H),  Nu.  41168.    C'oU.  Ali»HTOt*.\ 


l»U.'i.  LtKIXlIS  FA8('IATI;n,  Holbrook. 

Head  3j ;  depth  3;  eye  I  iu  hcoil.  1>.  X-1,  24  to  2(>;  A.  II,  r>  or  li;  scales 
5-49-9  to  11.  iSody  heavy  forward,  imn-h  couipreiwed,  the  bac-k  Homewhat 
elevated;  (irolile  rouvex;  aaoat  very  short  and  bhiut,  ."J  in  head;  eye 
about  eijual  to  llattis^h  iuterorbital  area;  mouth  large,  lees  oblique  than 
ill  other  apeoiea;  tip  of  preiiiaxillary  ou  level  of  middle  of  pupil;  niaxil- 
liiry  2  iu  bead,  reaehing  to  below  posterior  third  of  eye;  lower  mandible 
with  a  slight  knob  at  it«  MynipbyHix.  a  ttmall  ]iore  on  each  aide  of  it;  teeth 
minute,  linn,  iu  a  .sin^'le  aerien  in  nneh  Jaw  ;  pharyngeal  teeth  all  long  and 
slender;  the  pliaryiigeal  boiieH  huiuII  and  narrow,  anbtri.-ingnlar;  gill 
rakers  estroiuoly  elongate,  as  Ion;,'  as  eye,  Vi-\-'2X  ;  preopercle  with  tiiitinto 
cilia;  third  and  fourth  dorsal  .>4]dues  about  2^  iu  head;  preoperole  with 


Jordan  and  Evermnnn. — Fishes  of  North  Arnica.     1425 


minute  rilia;  tlrird  ainl  rniirth  doraal  spines  about 2^  in  bead;  second  anal 
Bpine  xIioTt,  "i  Hhurtec  tbiiii  X\w  (irnt  adhI  my,  its  tip  Rcaroely  rcacbitiK 
end  of  liiat  rny  'when  t*p(ne  is  dofiresHcd.  3  iu  he4id;  HcitleB  large,  ctenoid; 
anul  imd  Hoft  doritiil  witli  w  Bcitly  Hheatk  at  bii«ei.  (!'u]»r  in  life,  (jn'ftyuh 
olive  above,  with  8oni«  silvery ;  below,  olear  silver  white;  bfvck  with  7  to 
9  rather  cou8|»iciiouH  darker  vertical  bars  extendiuj;  to  ludow  middle  of 
8ide«;  tii)8  dusky  olivi-;  .iiiiil  tin  and  lower  rays  of  catidal  yellow;  ventrals 
oranfie  yellow,  dunky  tnwards  tip;  Idwer  aide  of  bead  viTy  briffht  silvery; 
inside  of  iiioiitb  and  lining;  of  ^ill  navity,  cheeks  aud  operclw  with  some 
light  yellow.  South  Atlantic  coant  of  the  United  States,  Iroiii  CLesapeake 
Bay  to  Galveston,  Texas;  occasionally  stniyiii;;  north  to  Woods  Hole, 
not  common,  found  in  rather  dee])  water,     {/atciatmi,  bandwl.) 

Larimiu  /a$Hat\u.  HoLliuooK,  Icbtli.  Sonth  Carolina,  163,  pt.  :!2,  Hg.  1,  1860,  Chkflcston; 
GUnrnsii.  C'at.,  ii,  26u,  lg6o ;  Jordak  &  Giuikbt,  Synopats, STB,  1883 ;  JoBDiUf  ii.  Eioem- 
MAKH,  I.  r.,  370, 188S. 

577.  ODONTOSCION.Gill. 

«,  6nj^  rroe.  Ac.  Nut.  9ks\,  Phils.,  1862,  18  ldtntn\. 

This  i^enus  ilifTers  from  f.arimuK  mainly  in  the  presencis  of  cnnincfi  and 
may  be  dc8cribe<l  as  :i  Liirimim  armed  wi  tb  canine  teeth.  It  also  .ij|>|iraacli<-B 
cloeely  to  llairitietlii,  fnim  which  itditVers  in  liickinii;  the  [dcctroid  spine  nn 
the  ]irco{»erchi.  anil  in  the  dciititiuii,  the  gron])  Elallarvhun  lying  between 
the  two,  as  diio«  :ilso  the  rloscly  rehited  i;rnii|>  Corrnla.  (oSoVi,  tooth; 
tixiov,  II  modeni  (in^ek  name,  corroHpoiuliug  to  SLiana.) 

a.  Doraal  r>y«  XI-I,2SI;  caninMi  rmtlier  strimi,".  ouloritoilxd  Hilvery.  dektcx,  tSM. 

aa.  Doraiil  rajTH  XI-I,!C:  runlnea  amuller :  rulnrdHrk  gray  with  <Urk«rain>aV!i. 

.XANTHOPS,  1807. 

IHO«.  ODOKTONCION  IlKNTEX  (Curicr  ic  Viilonciennes). 

(OlIBVJSA.) 

Head  3  to  3J;  depth  3t;  eye  3}  to  4  in  hpa«l;  snont  1.  D.  XI  or  XII-I, 
23;  A.  II,  8;  scales  7-19  to  ,^2-10.  Teeth  in  each  jaw  in  a  single  series, 
the  'i  front  teeth  in  lower  jaw  larj^e  caninoH,  some  of  tin*  teeth  on  the 
Bido  of  the  lower  juw  also  <<nlargn(l,  eiiniiie-like;  teeth  of  the  npper  jaw 
largest  forward,  smaller  than  those  in  the  lower  jaw;  body  oblong;,  coni- 
preesed,  the  profile  straight  and  nitherftteep;  auDntthort,  blunt;  eye  large; 
preoperde  ronnd^fl  without  any  distinct  spiiiee,  with  creiiiilated  tnem- 
branat^eons  marifiu  ;  hitfbestdorsiil  Hpiun  2  in  bead  ;  distance  lr<>m  first  anal 
rpine  to  middle  of  baao  of  candid  3,',  in  lenj^th  ;  distance  from  vent  to  first 
anal  spine  H  in  base  of  anal;  second  anal  epine  much  shorter  than  rays, 
itatip  when  depressed  not  reiichiii^;  to  ti))  of  last  ray,  its  length  :S  iit  head; 
month  hirj^e,  olilii|ue,  niaxillary  rea<  liia;^  beyond  niiddlu  of  orbit,  2  in 
head;  preorbital  very  narrow,  about  I  in  eye;  j«iil  rakern  louji^  and  stitl', 
5-J-14;  lower  pharyngeals  small,  with  ootiicjil  teeth;  ocalea  thin,  cti^uoid; 
soft,  dorsal  and  anal  scaly;  scales  below  lateral  line  in  nearly  horizontal 
seriea;  dorsal  spiueM  Ion;:  andsleuder,  Mpparatml  from  soft  dornul :  the  spine 
of  auft  dorsal  short  and  stout;  caudal  anbtriiDcate,  nppiT  lobe  longer;  anali 


1426         Bidlciin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum, 


short  and  lii^b.  second  anal  Hpin<>  2^  in  head;  ventralB  halfway  to  anal. 
pectorala  \\  in  bond.  Color  dusky  Bilvery,  everywhere  eoiled  with  dark 
points,  which  form  faint  streiikH  alonp  the  series  of  scales:  suout  and  ante- 
rior piirt  of  t\w  chill  black;  upper  part  of  base  of  pcctoriil  and  axil 
Ulack.  Length  1  (oat.  U'cHt  ludiea ;  geuernlly  comiuoii ;  a  food-tisb  of  some 
iiuportauce.     {ihntrj-.  toothed.) 

VfiTvina  dtnUi,  d'VIKft  &  Valencihmnm,  Hiat.  Nat.  roiu.,  V,  130,  pi.  lOB,  IKM,  San 

Domingo. 
iMrimiti  iSenUz.  CUNTIIKB,  Cat.,  II,  liSU,  1800. 
tMonloteiirn  denffx,  Toey,  .SyiiopHii,  325,  1868 ;  .TouuxN  &  ElOEKMAXM,  I.  e.,  977,  188>. 

I§07.  ADO\TCmriOX   XANTHOFH,  OillMrt. 

Head  :< ;  depth  3? ;  eye  3}  in  head ;  snout  4^.     I).  XII,  27;  A.  IT,  8;  P.  17: 

pnr<^N  ill  lateral  lint.^  '<0.  Ileittl  and  body  eloD^atu,  compressed,  narrow. 
Dfusiil  ami  vftiJriil  ontlines  nciirly  ci[ua]ly  curved;  profile  slijiclitly  de- 
prcHHud  over  front  of  orbits,  tlic  Huotit  bluutifih,  not  protruding;  jaws  equal, 
the  lower  wholly  iucliided,  the  symphysis  proioinent,  Mlightly  passing  the 
pieiiijixilliiries ;  iiumth  very  oldique,  the  maxillary  ruachiug  slightly  behind 
middle  of  pyc,  L'J  in  head;  tip  of  iimxilhiry  broad;  mental  and  rostral 
porcHoJ'  moderate  size,  not  conspicuous;  ji  scriesofsleniler  canines  in  lower 
j!iW,  preci-dod  by  an  irro^jnlar  outer  viliifonii  r<nv,  most  evident  tnwurd 
Hymphysis;  the  series  of  canines  turns  inward  and  backw.ird  on  the  sym- 
jibysoal  protiiheiance,  the  innermost  pair  ciilarj»ed,  directed  backward; 
upper  jaw  with  a  sories  of  conical  ti^i-th,  Hiiuiliir  to  those  ou  sides  of  man- 
dible, sopanitod  by  a  considerable  interspiicu  from  an  inner  series  of  very 
Rmall.cloac-Bet  teeth,  directed  backward.  Kye  very  larjje,  subcircolar;  a 
definite.'inpraorbital  ridj;**;  iiilerorbital  width  \\ ;  suborbitals  narrow;  pro- 
opcr47iiI:ir margin  without  dt-finite  spines,  with  iiiiuiite  creiiiil.itions,  which 
end  iu  spinous  [toiiits.  Gill  rakers  Ion;;  and  slender,  lU  on  burizontal  limb  of 
ari'h,  the  buigi'st  i  tli;imeter  of  (tibil.  Spinoiia  dors:il  very  liijfh,  of  weak, 
llexibK'  spincH.  none  of  which  i»  thickenc<l;  third  spine  highest,  as  long 
IU)  suont  and  eye;  eleventh  spine  shortest;  second  nnal  sjiine  strong, 
enuttlins;  length  of  snout  and  J  of  eye;  pectorals  short,  not  reaching 
tips  of  vi-ntrals,  li'',,  iu  head;  ventrals  not  reaching  vcnt,  extending  half- 
way from  their  base  to  frniit  of  anal;  raiidaS  apparently  short  and 
rounded,  soiuvwhul  miUilatotl  in  the  type,  as  are  the  soft  dorsal  and  anal. 
Scales  large,  weakly  ct«ii»iil  except  ou  lnjjtd,  wherr  they  are  cycloid; 
maxillary,  ti]i  of  njandihle,  and  e.vtrome  tip  of  suout  naked;  head  other- 
wise complef-elv  invested;  ii  delinitc  sheath  of  senles  at  base  of  soft  tiorsal ; 
soft  portions  of  all  the  vertical  line  with  uienibrauea  scaled.  Dark- steel 
gray,  with  olive  tiiigo  above,  silvery  below,  the  lower  parts  coarsely  puuc- 
tiiti:  with  bi'owiii;  blackish  streaks  fidluw  the  row  of  scales,  those  below 
the  lateral  line  broad,  hori/ontal,  r.oimjdeiions,  those  above  lateral  lino 
narrower,  less  intense,  the  anterior  ones  direoteil  oblicjnely  upward,  those 
imder  soft  dorsal  nearly  liori/oiital;  lius  dusky,  the  anat,  lower  caudal 
lidie,  and  tlie  terniiniil  p(>rtii>n  <if  ventrals  black  ;  iris  bright  yellow.  Hoof 
uruiunthand  sideMof  itumdible  within  orange  yellow,  the  meuihraue  within 
mandibalar  teeth  black;  tongue  faintly  yellow ;  a  dusky  yellow  bar  above 


A 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1427 


and  1  below  pseudobiancliias  tlie  fjill  cavity  otherwise  silvery.     Panama; 
!i  siiif^le  Bpeciinen  Ti  inclu-H  loii^.     (Gilbert.)     (;<ri/jifK,  yellow;  «5^ft,  eye.) 

Odin\i<uei<m  xanthopt,  GtLBBBT,  MS.,  FiiiLieii  of  Puuiin*,  1808,  Panama.    (Cull.  Qilbert.) 

578.  CORVULA,  Jordan  &  Eigeuniann. 

Ciirruln,  .loiiDAN  A    EluKNMASS.  IU>vi(\w  of  IIk'  Sciii'iiiilji-  «{  Bnropo  nml  Atiicrir*.  in 
K«(iort  V.  S,  Kiiili  Cumin.  \ii'i  (1880).  377  {hutabann). 

This  geous  is  cloi)«ly  allied  to  Bairdiella  in  nearly  all  resprM'tH,  bnt  with 
tlie  preoporcle  eiitiro  utid  unanni'd  as  in  Larimim.  The  »pe<-ios  differ 
L-unaidcrubly  jiiiioiii;  theniHolvcH,  mid  tli<-.v  form  with  Lurimut  niid  OdonUit- 
don  an  almost  continuouH  scrien.  Aniericnn.  (Pimiiiiitive  of  Coriu». 
crow,  as  is  also  the  nuiDe  C'orvina,  Applied  by  the  Latiu  rno'U  tu  Jisbcs  of 
thia  g^oiip,  purh.'tpH  in  iilliisiou  to  their  croaking  uoiae  pruduoed  by  the 
coinplicuted  air  bladder.) 

a.  Body  rather  abort  onci  deep,  depth  3|  to  3^  In  length  i  iliatunev  from  Inaertion  of 
rcnlmlH  tn  tlrnt  atial  spiitr  Mbotit  equ&l  to  depth  of  body:  color  silvorj',  iimmltv 
wi!h  iliinky  fltrt^nkii  ulnn^  the  row?*  iif  wule.-i. 
h.  Diinutl  rnvH  XI  I,  25,  [loiitfrhir  dorsal  rnya  riiiicli  ahortorthan  iho  anlvrliiroui^a; 
ny«  vi'iy  lar|{<>.  3J  hi  hi'ad;  dnrxnl  niillliix  utriinjfly  ronvpx,  aomi'wimt  ole- 
vat<!d  aiitvriiirly  i  color  dark  lirovrn.  jiiilrr  tielow  :  iipprr  ]  of  lM>dy  with  Yory 
diatincl.  iliirk  Kiroakn  iiIodi'  the  rowit  nf  Hr.ili'»  -,  iivrloml  iiii.l  espcrlfllly  iiniil 
with  dark  iMiinla;  haat*  of  spinoiitt  dornni  lljflil  y«^llow;  nuiniToiiH  dark  dutrf 
on  hclly,  lower  part  of  aldcH,  and  iiiidnr  nidv  of  ht'ud.  MACRops,  1H08. 

ft6.  Donul  r»j«  X-J,  US;  ponterior  rayn  ol  afilt  tlurin!  hiaher  thon  tho  anterior 
iiTioa:  dorsal  oiitlin«  8tr<>u(:ly  mid  reciilnrly  I'oiivox  mid  rlt'vnU'il.  Color, 
atlvery  whit*,  darker  uljovi; ;  «idt'*  iiiul  liii>  fc  with  railnTdiKliin  t  il.irii  liDm 
iiUiIig  the  HcaloH;  i^pinoaa  dorwil,  tj|ia  ttt  veiilraU  unil  tiitiil  diLMky;  iipjMT 
pnrt  of  head  hrowTiiali ;  lower  part  nf  heart,  rh(>«.k,  miri  hrtsoat.  with  iinnirr 
una  rnaty  dotH,  biut'  of  Hoft  dorsal  mid  anal  runty.  siAUs,  IMKP. 

bblr.  l-kifHal  ruys  X  to  XIJ-I.  23  to  "i^;  ]awH  f<\iin\;  rnit«r  tueth  aliovt!  enhiri£fNl, 
lowrr  tfioth  nearly  iinlaorial ;  pnMi^M'n*hi  with  dexihlr  aerra-;  second  anal 
Kpinit,  3)  ill  lisiul :  caudal  liu  Hiihtniucatu. 
c.  Maxillary  reaehiUK  iuiddlt<  up  pupil,  J^  in  head;  pootormla  raUi«r  loDg. 

B('n.iEgrAU8,  1810. 

ee.  HaxiUary  reaching  Ihovond  iiiiildh-  of  pupil,  2J  in  head:  ptx'torala  very  nliorl ; 

D.  Xl-t,  23:  A.  II,  8;  eolor  j>ilTcry.  ^th  very  diatinnt  dark  lou^tndinnl 

atripi-».  »A!«tT.«-j.rci.K,  ISll 

da.  Iloily  rather  tdungatc  and  flotupreMSod,  tho  depth  3)  in  length ;  dijtlaiire  from  iiiHrr- 

Uoo  of  veutralfi  to  llrKt  nnal  »pine  4  grtntpr  th«n  d<'ptli  of  iKMly:  oolomlioii 

diiaky,  with  ounxpii-MioiiH  dark  Nln.;ikN  tildiii:  thi*  niw.4  nfHi'aU'ii. 

BATAnAKA,  1(I1:>. 


IWM.  rOKVIH..!    MirHOVK  (Sti'iitdarhnnr). 

(Vai'IUuI  A.) 

HbmI  3^;  dopth  3.  D.  XI-I,  25;  A.  II.  !•;  scales  >«-rd>-ll ;  eye  3j  in  head; 
■Bout  4i;  iniixillary  2^;  lniiKei<t  dnrMiil  K]iiiie  1};  lnii|;i'Ht  dorHitl  ray  2|; 
Mcond  anal  Npino2i^;  vrrutrnlx  I| ;  p<<<-tnriil  1  { ;  ratiilal  lin  U.  Hody  oblong, 
inod(!rately  i.'ouiprfssed,  nut  luiu'h  elevnU'd:  dorHul  oiitliiit>  uniforiit  from 
tip  of  «nont  to  taiidi^l  prdiiixb-;  \ (Mitral  utitliiH-  roiiiidL'd  from  uhin  to 
broaot,  then  straight  to  unii)  hpiin-,  tbcn  Hlnntiiit;  obliquely  upward   to 


1428  Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Musaim. 


caudal  |>«d(incle.  ^noiit  blant,  shorter  than  lar^u  I'.ve;  upper  jaw  slightly 
projecting,  teeth  Btiinll  atitl  iiharp,  in  1  or  2  irregulur  Bi<rie«  in  lower  jaw, 
iu  8ov«rul  series  in  nppcr  ,jaw,  the  out«r  row  slitrhtly  cnlnrKed;  maxillary 
extending  to  posterior  edge  of  pupil;  chiu  with  4  large  pores;  edge  of 
preopercle  covered  with  skin,  which  is  serrated  on  the  edge.  Gill  r»ker» 
slender,  9-1-13;  scales  ctenoid  nii  the  hody,  cycloid  on  the  bead.  .Spinous 
dorsal  a  little  higher  tb»n  soft  dorsal ;  lirst  dorxal  spine  rery  short,  second 
about  5  times  longer,  thiitl  twice  as  long  as  s<^i-ond,  thinl,  fourth,  liftfa, 
and  sixth  dubequal,  the  others  rapidly  shorter;  first  auul  spine  very  small, 
the  8«'oond  many  times  longtT  and  Btontcsr,  bat  shorter  thun  soft  rays; 
ventrals  inxerted  lioliind  pei'tara)-*  iind  rciichiiig  beyond  th<-m;  cainlal 
truncate.  Gronnd  ndor  silvery,  but  so  closely  set  with  small  dark  brown 
points  as  to  alinoftt  obscure  the  silver;  sides  with  about  4  faint  dark  (-roes 
bands  and  with  conspicnouN  black  stripes  following  the  rows  of  scales, 
aboat  It  horizontul  stripes  below  lateral  tine,  those  above  slanting 
obli4]uoly  ujaward  anteriorly,  but  becoming  horizontal  posteriorly;  tips 
of  veutruls  and  :iiiai  binrk,  other  fins  duMky.  Here  described  from  a  fine 
spefiujeij  from  the  A-ftilliTo  jit  M.izuthiu,  x  iiK"ht>!»  in  length.  Pa<-ilic  Coast 
of  tropical  America;  recorded  only  from  Maicatlikn  and  Panama;  appar- 
eatly  rare:  our  specimens  from  Maxatlan  and  I'anama  much  darker  than 
SteiiuIacUuor's  type,  which  was  deeper,  the  depth  2^  in  length.  (/<axpo;, 
largo;  ui^,  eye.) 

Cnrriiia  mocro/x.  STKncOArnHER,  Irlitli.  npitr.,  m.  24.  flg.  2.  IgiS.  Panama. 
Sdtrna  marnijit,  ituKl-AN  vV  (■n.BERr.  Hall.  t*.  S.  Ki»h.  Comni.  IKH,  3]<(. 
Cnrrula  muern]);  .Iouoas  &  Ki<ik.nma!<k,  I.  e-,  3T».  tSAl;  .InmiAic,  Ffiibes  of  Siaaloo,  iu 
Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  1895,  408. 

im».  roRVt^LX  SliUS,  Jontao  ii  EiR<>iiDiann. 

Head  31;  depth  2S ;  eye  5  in  h«ad.  D.  X-l.  2J^;  A.  II,  8,  Roily  com- 
jiressed;  the  hack  elevated,  regulivrly  roiiudod  from  snout  to  posterior 
MKirgiu  of  8t*ft  dorsal ;  ventral  (lutlioe  almost  straight  from  rdiu  to  firnt 
)umlsi)iuc;  base  of  nn.-il  ol)lii|tie;  ciikIuI  peduncle  short  mik!  thick.  Pro- 
lile  slightly  convex  posteriorly,  somewhat  depi-essed  over  the  eyes;  snout 
riitlier  acute,  Hlightly  longer  thiin  eye;  eye  H  in  interorbitul  area;  preor- 
liitnl  1  as  wide  as  eye;  month  moder.Tte;  iiiiixillnry  extending  past  pnpil, 
its  length  2V  in  hciid;  preniaxillary  anteriorly  on  level  witli  the  lower 
liorderof  the  orbit;  lower  jaw  included;  m«x-i)lary  broad,  not  entirely 
ronceiiled  by  the  preorbitiil  when  the  mouth  is  shut.  Teeth  of  the  lower 
Jaw  blunt,  coiiieiil,  in  2  aeries,  those  of  the  inner  series  nineh  larger  than 
those  of  the  out«T;  upper  javv  with  n  ujirmw  lutnd  of  vllllforui  teeth  and 
an  oiitor  series  of  larger  tjvtli,  which  jir«  reniolo  from  each  other  and 
decreaso  in  sixti'  toward  tlin  iiugle  of  thi-  nioutli.  Cliiu  with  5  small  ])ores; 
Huout  with  (5  pores,  nrrariged  in  a  "  shaped  ftgiire.  Preoqierelc  with 
II  narrow,  crenuhttc,  memliranons  liimler;  o|ieicle  with  2  scarcely  distiu- 
guishjiblf*  spines;  srapuhtr  scale  entire.  (Jill  rakers  moderately  devel- 
oped, about  \  an  long  as  the  eye,  5 -f  12;  pBendohraiichiie  large.  Scales 
about  the  licud  in  front  >tf  dorsul  and  on  anterior  pnrt  of  brenst  eyeloid, 
marked  with  concentric  wtriie;  those  o 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     1429 


tinrt;  scaler  of  the  body  all  fteuoid  ;  niembraDeii  of  cuiiilul,  anal,  and  soft 
doPMal  di'nsoly  i-ov^ri>d  with  miinit.(>  (<(m1<>h  iiourl.v  ti)  tbt'ir  tips.  Kirat 
doTDul  »|>ine  short,  iiiHert«d  ovei-  the  biisc  uf  the  prctor.il;  fourth  dorsHl 
spine  bighest,  ri-ai-biiig  tu  «i)ft  dursul,  1^  in  head;  aiiti^riur  dorrinl  rays 
Bbort«r  tliiin  thv  uiiddlu  and  ]H9at«rior  oiu'h,  tbo  cieveiitli  Iniiger  than 
th»f  fourth  hy  an  tiyo's  diumotur,  littln  inon-  tlmn  \  tUn  li'ii^th  of  Hiie 
head;  soft  di>r():il  TtMy  hrnadly  rniiiidoi!  puMtcrinrly ;  caudal  sborl,  lirond, 
rniiuded  bvlimd;  :iuiil  iiisertttd  pciHt«riorly,  the  tipN  of  the  iioiil  exteuding 
nerirly  »<*  far  a.H  tli<-  t  ipn  »f  tli<>  dorsal ;  Hecoiid  ann]  npiiic  lunderute,  Bciircely 
iiiortj  lh:it  i  IohkHi  of  tin-  rayn,  little  li-ss  than  3  in  hoftd ;  vontrtdH  lanceo- 
lut«>,  )ilii;htly  longer  tluui  tlie  rainidtd  puctoralM,  ^X  in  lieud,  Color  li^bt 
Ivrovvnish  iiltovi",  nilvcry  on  siduH  aud  In-low,  the  ceiitiTB  of  the  st-nleH  with 
niiiriy  dark  <lotH,  these  fortiiin^'  hori/ontul  linen  along  thu  serit'st  of  Bfalo« 
Ixdow  the  lat-i-ral  IJui',  and  obliinie,  irre^iiliir,  oftou  interrnpted,  linca 
above  tlir  lateral  lino;  all  the  tiim  with  dark  dots;  BptJi(iu«  dorsal  dusky; 
•oft  doranl  browniab  for  I  of  its  height;  the  other  \  pale;  anal  aud  tips 
of  vcntrnld  diinky;  pectoral  palo;  head  with  many  laitiiito  ruaty  dotet, 
(heite  ag^r^itted,  aud  forming  lirowuisfa  spots  on  the  maxillary  and  lower 
part  of  the  head.  Lcujjth  (JJ  iiiclieti.  Floridit  Keys;  known  from  1  apeci- 
ineu.    (t$f<tAd;,  plnmp. ) 

VoTwia  noKt,  JOHDAN  ic  KlORKMAWK.  ICe|Mirt  U.  S.  Fiafa  Comiu.  for  1886  (1888),  370,    Key 
West .    {Ty po.  Ko.  26575.     CoU.  SUm  8t«arD« . ) 

IHIU.  COItni,*   KrH.KfU'/lI.lS  (rn*y). 

Ili'sd  3i;  depth  about  3i;  oye  U  in  hoad;  suout  4i.  li.  Xtl-1,22  to24; 
A.  II,  9;  Boalea  about  46.  Form  «r  Coriulti  Hialin,  Uiit  the  bmly  nioretdon- 
i;ate;  jawB  e4|aal;  ftuter  teeth  ahnve  uularKed,  lower  tuuth  nearly  uniae- 
rial;  4'yelarge;  snout  bhnttish  ;  maxillary  2^  in  head,  extending  to  niiddlt* 
of  |iupil;  prenpercle  with  llexihlo  ai-rra-;  oecond  anal  Hpiii(>  [^  in  head; 
raiidal  liu  Hubtnincate.  Color  silvery,  with  faint  HtreakH  uIud^  the  rowa 
of  seulea  above.  West  ludiea;  scarce.  We  refer  :,'  speiduionH  froiu  St. 
Thouiiis  to  thisi  .HpeeieM,  iilthuti(rh  they  difl'er  in  «oine  respcictH  from  IWy'H 
deHcription  of  Corrina  mifMijualiK.  The  morn  elongate  body  and  the 
onialler  uniuber  of  dorsal  ruyx  ditttinKiitMh  tubuiiualis  reiidily  from  iiali$, 
($uba<ivali»,  nearly  efjaal.) 

Corvinaiubeequatu,  VOKV,  Ann.  Lye.  Nnt.  HUL  X«n-  Vurk  \SJf>.  58  Cuba.* 
Cvnviit  iviK»iuatit,  Jokd&.n  &.  Euiexmanx,  I.  e.,  380,  188B. 

1811.  COBriJLA  HAM'T.e-I.UCI.K,  Jiirdsn 

He:wl  3i ;  depth  3ii;eye37  in  head;  HiiontiJ.  1).  XI-I,  23;  A.  II,  ft;  ecalM 
K-t<>-10.  K(Kly  oblong,  moderately  i-onipresacd,  the  hack  moderately  el«- 
ratod.     Head  rather  short  and   blunt,  the  Buterior  profile  anifoim  and 


"  Tlie  following  in  thp  anbfitAni'iv  nf  Pocy'n  lu-coiint  of  bin  Corrinn  tiilitri/iKilit  IkuJy 
mther  i'IiuiumU-;  vvu  :ii  in  bciiii,  nnuul  nbiirt.  ruuiidml :  luuiilh  itio<l(-rnh';  iimxlltary 
ritKiiiliu;;  In  l>i-leiw  anterior  nmrKln  "f  I'npil,  tlie.jnwd  miljenuiil;  tciMli  in  (Sim  liandH.  tb'n 
outer  fteriejf  Longer,  mid  l;ir;;»r  aliorr  tbnit  lieliiw;  nyinphiMln  wilti  4  jtnrcw;  pn'f^pfreltf 
flnely  dRotalo.  dirrsjil  fiiin  nvpariiterl :  nei-onil  ddn-Mil  Hpiite  nlout  :  rnii(bil  nilit  n  Mulirot 
angle:  baafl  of  nnHl  lualv;  nnal  «r*'>>><  rather  otmiie,  it*  inm>rtiOD  riitticr  poitteriur;  ouiur 
aUrery;  depths;  (witli  caudal):  head  3].    D.X-l,^.  A. 11,7. 


1430         Bulletin  ^7,  Untied  States  National  Museum. 


slightly  arched.  Snon't  short,  shorter  than  eyo ;  eye  large,  a  little  greater 
than  int«rorbital  space;  month  considerably  oblic)ue,  the  jaws  equal,  the 
premaxillary  in  iVont  on  thn  level  of  lower  part  of  pupil,  the  maxillary 
extending  to  beyond  Hue  of  middle  of  pupil,  2^  in  head ;  teeth  of  upp<>r 
jaw  in  a  narrow  band,  the  outer  moderattdy  enlarged ;  teeth  of  lower  jaw 
moderate,  not  quite  equal,  almost  in  one  series;  preoperclo  with  its  mem- 
branous edge  finely  dentate;  gill  rakere  long  and  slender,  about  x  +  15. 
Scales  large  and  firm,  those  above  lateral  line  anteriorly  in  aeries  parallel 
with  it;  at  a  point  below  lost  dorsal  rays  each  series  is  suddenly  beut 
upward,  and  then  again  becomes  horizontal ;  rows  of  scales  below  lateral 
line  horizontal  and  nearly  straight.  Dorsal  spines  slender;  soft  dorsal  and 
anal  scaly  at  base;  caudal  (broken)  apparently  subtruucate;  pectoral  very 
short,  reaching  about  to  eighth  dorsal  spine;  anal  small,  inserted  back- 
ward, its  second  spine  moderate.  Distance  fVom  insertion  of  ventral  to 
first  anal  spine  1\  times  depth  of  body.  Coloration  silvery,  with  about  14 
horizontal  dark  stripes,  these  stripes  continuous,  and  those  above  bend 
upward  underneath  last  dorsal  spines;  fins  pale  yellowish,  all  more  or  less 
soiled  with  dark  jioints;  a  faint  dark  axillary  spot;  lining  of  gill  cavity 
pale.  West  Indies ;  1  specimen  known,  5|  inches  long,  from  Port  Castries, 
Islan<I  of  St.  Lucia.    {Sanclw-ludm,  St.  Luciu. ) 

OorvuUi  laneUt-ltuite,  Jordan,  Froc.  U.  8.  Nat.  Hub.  1889,  649,  Port  Castries,  St.  Lucia. 
(Type,  No.  41732.    Coll.  Albatrout.) 

1812.  fOBTVLA  BATABANA  (Poey). 

Head  3)^ ;  depth  3| ;  eye  4| ;  snont  3^  D.  XI-I,  26 ;  A.  II,  8 ;  scales  &-.50-7. 
Body  oblong,  compreHsed,  the  depth  nearly  uniform  firom  ventrals  to  vent; 
belly  very  long,  the  distance  from  vciitruls  to  anal  \  greater  than  depth 
of  body ;  profile  nearly  straight  and  horizontal ;  m.outb  rather  wide ;  max- 
illary 2^^  in  head,  reaching  middle  uf  eye;  upper  jaw  with  several  series 
of  minute  teeth  and  an  ont«r  somewhat  enlarged  series;  lower  jaw  with  a 
single  stories  of  rather  strong  teeth,  a  pair  of  minute  caninu-like  teeth  at 
the  symphysis;  snout  short,  without  pores;  chin  with  5  large  pores;  pre- 
opercle  with  a  crenulate,  dermal  border;  gill  rakers  slightly  longer  than 
pupil,  5+13;  lower  pharyngeals  with  many  small  teeth,  sofne  of  the  inner 
ones  much  elongate;  eye  slightly  shortor  than  snont,  about  equal  to  the 
interorbital  area;  scales  large,  their  exposed  edges  much  striated,  the 
striie  ending  in  cilia;  scales  below  lateral  line  in  undulate,  subhorizontal 
series;  lateral  line  slightly  curved,  becoming  straight  above  anal;  soft 
portions  of  vertical  fins  densely  covered  with  scales;  soft  dorsal  and  anal 
with  a  scaly  sheath  at  their  biiseH ;  durt<al,  caudal  and  anal  rounded  behind ; 
ventrals  slightly  longer  than  pectorals,  1  f  in  head.  Color  coppery-grayish, 
with  many  niiunte  brown  points;  scales  of  back  and  sides  each  with  a 
dark  spot,  these  forming  very  distinct  dusky  stripes  along  the  series  of 
scales;  stripes  below  the  lateral  line  mostly  of  continuous  spots,  those 
above  broken  and  irregular;  upjier  part  of  head  and  fins  uniform  brown- 
ish, with  many  minute  points.  Cuba  and  Porto  Rico;  not  rare,  but  not 
seen  elsewhere ;  our  specimen  from  Havana.  Its  strongly  marked  colora- 
tion is  a  very  unusual  trait  in  this  family.     {Batahano,  the  type  locality.) 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     1431 


JaK»Ua  dafotoniu,  Town,  Vemnrtiu,  n,  ttU,  18M,  Batabano,  South  coast  of  Cuba;  PORT, 

FaiiDa  Piiorto-Kiqunfia,  527,  18A1. 
LarimuMttatabanut,  Jordan,  Proc.  U.  S,  Nat.  Man.  lK8n,  Vi. 
Cnrvuln  batabana.  Jobiian  at.  EioEKHAm,  (.  r.,  1180,  1888, 

579.  ELATTARCHUS,  .rordaii  Jk  Kvormann. 

Elatlatehtu,  JoriiAN  6c  Kvekma.xn,  CbtMik-Linl,  ^VT   IHSli  {ntehiiiium) , 

This  ^euiiH  is  very  clooti  to  liniriUeilii  from  whicli  it.  dirters  tii  thu  piosence 
of  Hlontiei'  canines,  iiiiich  as  in  OilnnUi*Hon,  From  the  latter  ^unuH  it  diftVrH 
niaioly  in  the  8emit«i  iirooporclp,  wliicln  liiia  a  duwnwiiid  directed  ti{>ine  at 
tb«  angle.  Second  aual«i»in(?  very  Biuiill.  One  «ii«ties  known.  (f'Aarrw*', 
reduced;  cipjfu;,  auuo,  frunt  tliu  ancill  .inn)  fin,) 

18U.  IX.ITTAUdll'H  .(HdlllllCJ'll  i.IorUiiD  >v  Oitherl). 

HeiMl3;  depth  31.  l>..\I.i!l;  A.  II,  «;  »eale«  f>-5<V7,  52  iioros.  l>i»inet<jr 
of  eye  About  t)<|Uitl  to  li>ngtli  ul' siiniit.  or  to  ititori)rbil;il  wiiltli,  :iud  41 
tinioA  ill  lengtli  of  liisid.  Leiij^thuf  nia.viilrtry  21  in  lioiuL  (Jill  rakers  low 
and  slender,  6 -f- 1'^  '»  iiiiiiitx^r.  r8e(idubritiicbi;i'  well  developed;  poste- 
rior noBtril  a  narrow  oblon*;  verticil]  ullt.  HoskI  iiiul  body  rattier  ulou- 
gate,  con8iiler»bl.v  compreHsed,  buck  not  <>|i>v»t<'d,  the  sn«ut  tioiiiewliat 
gibboaa,  the  prolile  depressed  above  theoyea.  Maiitb  very  large,  t«rinin!il, 
oblique,  tUe  iiiaxilbiry  rracbiu^  vertical  rrnin  posterior  inartfin  of  pupil; 
jawN  siibeqiiiil,  preiuaxilluni-'ii  iii  front  on  tlie  level  of  lower  oilgf  iil'])upil; 
gynipbysis  of  lower  Jaw  with  :»n  oblong  kuob,  whirb  jirojects  iiiwiird  and 
upward,  on  Ibis  ure  2  seriea  of  tectb,  '^  in  eivcb  surieH,  the  Inner  pair 
being  cnniiies  of  moderate  size,  Inrffur  tbaii  any  nf  the  otber  teelli,  but 
much  sniuUer  and  Nleuderer  tbau  tbe  canines  iii  Vi)Hi>»cioji,  Uotb  jaws 
without  villifonn  tiieth,  upper  jaw  with  2  serios  of  ttlendiM-poiuted 
teeth,  the  oiiltT  series  enlarged;  lower  jaw  laterally  with  a  single  aerieti 
of  teeth  Himilnr  to  those  of  tliii  otit-er  scries  of  upper  jaw,  but  liir^jer;  those 
iu  the  middle  of  the  jaw  largest.  ToHtfrior  maruia  of  proi>[>orrl<<  iuctiiied 
downward  ami  backward,  both  iiiiirgins  rouvex  iiud  with  tlu-  unglu  broadly 
rounded.  Hoth  uiarKitiii  with  weak,  distinct  serrations;  posterior  border 
with  2  or  3  stronger  teeth  next  the  angle  direeted  Imckwiird.  the  angle 
with  1  robiiat  ItattiRh  spine  diriwted  nmro  or  less  vertically  downward. 
SpinoiiH  dorsal  with  very  weak,  lle.xiblo  spiuc«,  the  third  the  lungoist  and 
about  ^  length  of  h^ad;  soft  dorsal  moderate,  the  luiigost  ray  shorter 
than  the  dorsal  spines  but  more  than  \  length  of  head;  caudal  Hn  sub- 
tmncate  or  slightly  emargiuate;  anal  iin  very  aiual),  |io8teriorly  inaurted, 
its  base  but  little  obliriue;  length  of  base  about  eijual  tu  length  ofsnout; 
second  anal  spine  nioderate,  shorter  than  the  tirst  soft  ray,  inmb  stronger 
than  the  dorsal  spines,  and  indexible,  its  length  alinnt  equal  to  snout  and 
i  of  eye,  3  iu  heati;  tlistance  from  front  of  auul  to  middle  of  base  of 
oaadal  slightly  more  than  i  the  length  of  the  body  ;  distiinco  froui  vent  to 
front  of  anal  about  equal  to  length  of  base  of  anal:  pectoral  short,  not 
reaching  tips  of  ventrala,  its  lougtb  1|  iu  bead;  ventrals  reaching  half- 
way to  front  of  anal,  not  nearly  to  vent;  nieuibiiiiieB  of  soft  parts  of  ver- 
tical fins  with  series  of  scales  extending  more  than  halfway  to  the  tips. 


1432  Bulletin  77,  United  Stales  National  Museum. 


Lateral  Udp  Bcarroly  nrcheil,  bcromiu^  straight  oppcwito  front  of  soft  dor- 
Hal.  Color  lustrouH  blniBli  gray  aliovi-.  Milvery  li«]o\v;  itiidillo  of  side* 
with  Lndiatini-t  leu);tbwia«  atreiikx  funned  by  I'lii.sterM  of  dark  dots  in  the 
uentem  of  the  Hi-ales;  auoiit  »nd  tipH  of  liiwer  Jiiw  liliickii<h;  adurk  blotch 
on  operiie  nlmvo;  aideK  of  hv;id  brifilit  sihery;  tiiiH  li^bt  struvv-eolor; 
tiii|H*r  half  of  pectorals  dusky;  spiiioiiB  dorsal  liiioly  speckled  with  black; 
iippiT  half  of  axil  brown;  peritoneum  pule;  lining;  of  opcrcle  blnck  above, 
tris  bright  yellow,  dii»ky  ubove.  LcujjtU  7  inchi-s.  I'nnama;  not  uncoin- 
iiiau.  The  spt^cies  lisis  the  very  Kiii.-tll  uii:il  of  Odoutomion  itiid  the  spur-like 
preopon^iilitr  uplno  of  Ilaiidirlla,  while  in  iia  deiilitL(»u  it  is  intermediate. 
(ixfixitiiov,  dituinutive  of  ci/ajfo;,  uuns  or  anal.) 

Odontoieiuii  nrr-Atrfii'tn,  JoilbAN  &   (iit.tiKliT.   ItiilL.  I'.  .S.  KIsh  l^oitini.  1881,  317,  Panvma 

(Coll.  f.  U.  tilllrtrtK  JoSDAS  &  (ilUtKKT,  Hull.  U.S.  Kinli  Cuiiitn.  188'J,  111, 
UairditUa  archidinm.  3ov,vt,V  ii  KieiEyjlAHN,  l.e.,3W,  1(M». 

5B0.  BAIRDIELLA,  Gill. 

(Mahk.moihei.les.  ) 

Rairdietla, GILL,  CnUVUb.  EaatOiiul  Nnrili  ,\iiiitIc«.  XI,  I8«l  {atyyroUuea=ehrymin) 
.Verdir,  .loKijAN  J>'  KviKMAMN,  now  aubKunuit  (rAryWi-iirn). 

This  genus  is  rharacteri/^od  by  the  oblicpie  tiionth,  little  cavernous 
Hkiill,  few  rows  of  suiiill  teeth,  slender  gill  rakers,  and  the  i)ri'aperc.U> 
arnit'd  with  11  plectroiil  spiiiu.  It  ts  rc.rtainly  11  very  natural  group,  and 
worthy  of  recognition  as  a  distiiiit  genus,  allluiugh  its  relationHliips  with 
(tlihioacioH  and  especially  with  StiUi/er  are  very  close.  Th<-  numeruns 
species  arc  all  Aumriciin,  all  suiull  in  sixc  iiud  silvery  in  cnliiratiou,  and 
some  of  them  arc  remarkable  lor  the  great  aixo  of  the  second  anal  npine. 
In  othera  this  spiue  is  <|iitt<r  suuill.  These  variations  among  species 
unquestionably  closely  allied  fshovv  how  slight  is  the  systetnatic  value  to 
be  uttnched  to  the  size  of  this  spine  (Niitio-d  for  Prof.  .Speucer  Fullertou 
fiairtl,  for  uniny  years  lluitwl  States  CoinniiHsioner  of  I'ish  and  P'islieriea, 
and  mm  of  the  most  broad-iutadcd  and  successful  workers  in  sj'steiuatic 
Koology.) 

UAIBI>IBLLA  : 

a.  Tivth  i<r  th«  lower  jaw  nneqoml,  chlsfly  himrial ;  Dm  lant-r  toetb  mora  orlaaa  colsrgcd ; 

)irfMirbital  narrow. 

b.  Second  anal  iiplno  tunflr'raU!,  2)  in  bo»d.  not  no  Inng  na  lyift  rays,  not  reaching  tip 

of  Uat  ray  when  deprcsitnl,    ('olor  nilrery,  piiuctalP:  Una  yellow:  do|illi  U 

io  lenirlh.     I),  X-I.  Ti;  A.  JI,  10.  niBr^rBA,  Mil 

M,  Second  nniil  apiue  very  lonn,  |  length  of  head,  rrarliinc  bryond  tip  uf  laal  ray , 

baceoranal  <ibli<)iie,  rormlngan  ongln  wicli  vciiiral  outliof. 

e.  MuuCb  tasrtnlnal,  very  obUque:  M'conil  uunl  xpino  excvcnivcly  lar)P>,  1)  id 

head,  longer  than  any  aoft  rny.     Color  ailvory;  depth  'i{.    I>.  \-1,  ti. 

EXMrRHA.  181.1. 

cc.  Month  not  qnlt«  terminal  ;preorbltal  narrow,  but  broader  tb an  inmn/rra. 

d,  Poraul  rsya  X-I. -4;  doraal  apinea  very  nlnnilnr,  the  highcat  l\  in 

IimmI  ;  p«ctorala  l^lii  liead;  aet-ond  unal  aplno  very  lonj;,  allvt^ry, 

ptinrtaU*.  iiditrk  iixlUary  H|Hit ;  depth  'A\  in  l••n^(h.     ICItrri.i,  181S. 

ltd.  Duma)  rays   X-1.  2;i;  drirnnl  apineji  stlfT.  lnwer.  the  hiKhent  2  iu 

bead;  MH-ond  anal  aplni' IJ;  (wi'torula  1).     CuK'r  aoiled  nllvery : 

depth  3^.  uoNCHUa.  1817. 


Jordan  and  Evermann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     1433 


Nbctoii  \nfCtor.  nne  Ihat  ronnrcts:  finirdftta  with  Ophintrion) : 
aa.  Teetli  uf  lowir  jaw  in  a  iiunow  villiriiiiit  bnmljiHiu  <>)iliiincinn :  iiinuth  aiiliiiifenar, 
little  oUiijiif,  prcMirliital  brundcr.  gilt  rakcrx  sliurt«r:  purca  and  Hlita  on  luioal 
morp  t'DUHpiriiou*. 
t.  Snout  tliarp;  head  ■lender.  nanx>w  nbnvn;  necnnd  nnal  apiuc  very  large,  1|  in 
hcAil:  iteotoral  atiurt,  l|iuhea(l.    Color  oailivl  allvrry.    X).  X-I,  21;  hM44l3 
111  kn^th.  AIIMATA,  li\i. 

et,  SniMit  bliinH^b,  till*  liead  Httiut  aiii]  lirood  iilmvi^;  aM'oud  anal  apiiio  «bortiah, 
2  in  h«iiil.    Color  (liiaky^  il(>i>th  ulmut  :<  iu  IvnuiMi. 
/.  LVunial  roys  X  I,  1.-!;  siali'H  lnr>;i>,  44  in  lutvral  line;  |icctornl   H  in  hi*ad. 
Color  ilnrk  lirowninli,  di>tt4Ml.  aLI'Ta,  IKIU. 

//.  I>i)Tcuil  ritj-ij  \-I.  'Jl  iir  Z'J;  tcalcr  modMulc,  SO  to  5l>i  prot^nitl  \\  iu  lirad; 
caudal  l|;  prcurbital  lirund.  Culur miilinl  l>ra«M;,  with  dark  atreaka 
and  niultliuKH.  cHJirHOi^ucA,  1S20. 

SubeenuB  BAIRDIBLLA. 
1811.  BAJKDIi:l.l,.l  t  HnVMJltt  (Ucop<>d«). 

(MAOEMOItiELL^B ;    YCIX»W-TAIL.) 


Heed  3  to  i\\  depth  '.\  to  3^^;  eyo  4}  in  hoad;  Bin>ut  4i.  Ii.  XI-I,  22;  A. 
II.  10;  scales  8-52-12.  Uody  oblong,  comprotis«d,  tlio  bark  n  lit.tle  elevated, 
the  profile  di^pressed  over  the  eyea;  snnut  ])raniiiieiit,  bliiiuiHli,  as  loii);  a» 
eye;  lower  Jaw  with  it  si ngli- Hcrli's  of  clone-set  teeth,  in  fraiit  of  wLicli  are 
a  fewBiualler  lei'th  not  f'uriiiitig  ii  dtftinite  aeries;  ii]A]icr  jitw  with  au  outer 
■eries  of  BDiall  curved  cniiiiiex,  behind  which  id  ii  nnxienite  IkmhI  of  vijli- 
form  teeth,  bt-coQiiii;;  ividt-r  l.'iternlly.  I'rcoperclc  sernsto,  the  toetli  iieur 
the  angle  lurKcr,  the  lnwext  and  lar<jc»t  iliiecied  downward;  giU  rstiiora 
Blender,  rather  long,  8+l(i;  sotles  on  lio.td  cyrli>id;  base  of  aiml  little 
oblique;  ventral  oiitUne  ruthrr  ri'jtubirly  rounded;  dorsal  B|>iiic!i  slender, 
the  higheHt  'I\  in  lieiid:  eaudiil  Intijjr,  double  tnincate;  )>cctoralN  jibont  a« 
long  aH  the  ventrula,  \'i  in  be.'ul ;  KoCt  donsal  and  anal  aeuled  itt  letiot  { 
their  height.  Second  aniil  Kpiiie  niodenito,  '2{  in  head,  not  ns  ioti^  xs  the 
soft  raya,  not  reaching  tn  tip  of  laat  ray  when  depressed;  nmutli  large, 
somewhat  obliqne,  the  preniivxillary  on  the  level  of  lower  part  of  the  eye; 
maxillary  reaching  middle  of  eye,  2*  in  bead.  Color  greeuiah  above, 
silvery  below;  baek  imd  sitles  more  or  less  densely  pitni'tato  with  ilark 
dots  (eapecially  in  not'tliern  H|itieiuiensi,  them^i  forjiiing  narrow,  sitinewhat 
irregular  streaks  along  the  «icles;  fins  plain,  uiostly  yellow  in  life.  Senith 
Atlantic  and  (inlf  coast*  of  the  Knited  f^tutes,  nnrth  to  Xew  York;  very 
abnndant  on  our  oimdy  j^hores  frr)Ea  Long  Isbmd  l«  Texas.  It  rcaehe.s  but 
a  Htnall  si/.e,  hence,  itltbough  an  excellent  pan  lisli,  it  h:ia  no  great  eco- 
noiiiio  value,  I'nlike  iiinst  of  the  other  «pecief»  of  the  genus,  its  werond 
anal  sjune  is  little  enlarged.     (x/Jt;c>"fi  ^obl;  ovftd,  tail.) 

y*na  jiuntlata.  LlX.s.Kl's,  .SyHt.  Nat.,  Eil.  XII,  4K2, 1766,  in  part^  South  Carolina  (not  I'erca 

pundaluf  ol  Ed.  x,  whivli  la  Bodianw /uhuf  pvnetatiui. 
DiyUruion  ehryturut.  X^ACllPtoB,  Hlat.  Kat.  Poiaa.,  lit,  84,  1802,  South  Carolina;  alter 

Bodiawit  ar;Tvroltiieii*  tt  eriguiiit,  MiTCHltx,  Trana.  Lit.  St  Phil.  S<w.  Nnw  York  1816, 

417  and  41»,  pl.«.  Hg.S.  New  York. 
Bo4i*niit  paltidvt,  MnroiLL,  Traua.  Lit.  .s.  riiil.  ?.>w..,  1, 1815, 430,  New  York. 
SOaO-i 13 


1434  Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


Homoprion  xanOmrv;  HolbboOk,  loh.  S.  Car.,  Ed.  1, 170,  pL  24, 18S8  (not  Ij<!io*lomu$  xan- 

Ihurut,  LAC<EPfcDK). 

nomcprUm  tubtrunealu*.  Gill,  Cat.  Fiah.  E.  Coast  U.S., 33.  1801,  South  Carolina;  after 

HoLBBOOK. 

Gorriiut  arg^oUuea,  Cuvieb  &.  Valkhcibnmbb,  Hlat.  NaU  Poiaa.,  v,  106,  ISSOiUOlfTBKB, 

Cat.,  II,  209. 1860. 
Bairdiellaptinetata,  Jobdam  Se.  Gilbebt,  Free.  U.  S.  Xat.  Has.  1878, 377. 
BairdieUa  argyn>lew.a,  Goodk,  Proo.  U.  8.  Nat  Miia.  1879, 113. 
Seicena punctata,  Jordan  ic  Giuibbt,  Proc.  U.  S.  Kat.  Mus.  1882, 280;  JOBOAW  &  Uilbkbt, 

Synopsis,  570, 1883. 
Seiema  ehrytura,  Johdan  &  Gilbekt,  Pruc.  XT.  S.  Kat  Mas.  1882, 008 ;  Jobdan  &  Oilbbbt, 

Synopsia,  933, 1883. 
BairdieUa  ehrytura,  Goodb,  Hist  Aq oat  Anim.,  375,  pi.  126, 1884 ;  Jobdan  A,  Eiokhmamm, 

(.e.,  380, 1889. 

1816.  BUBDIELLA  ENSIFEBl  (Jordan  &  GUbrrt). 

Head  ^i  to  3i;  depth  3i  to  »(;  eye  Sf  in  head;  snout  5.  D.  X-I  22;  A. 
II,  8;  scales  8-49-9.  Body  compressed,  moderately  elongate,  the  back 
little  elevated ;  snout  short,  blnntish,  not  protruding,  the  profile  nearly 
straight  and  not  very  steep  to  base  of  first  dorsal,  along  the  base  of  which 
it  in  nearly  horizontal,  thence  again  declining  along  base  of  soft  dorsal; 
ventral  outline  nearly  straight  to  front  of  anal,  then  very  sharply  angu- 
lated,  the  base  of  the  anal  very  oblique ;  caudal  peduncle  long  and  slender. 
Profile  depressed  above  bead ;  head  moderate,  compressed  with  vertical 
cheeks ;  preorbital  very  narrow,  narrower  than  pupil ;  snont  not  projecting 
so  far  as  premaxillaries;  premaxillaries  in  fi-ont  on  the  level  of  lower  part 
of  pnpil ;  maxillary  extending  to  opposite  middle  of  pupil ;  mouth  very 
oblique,  the  jaws  nearly  even  in  front,  the  lower  very  slightly  included, 
the  gap  2i  in  head.  Teeth  slender,  small,  those  in  upper  jaw  in  2  or  3 
series,  the  outer  series  enlarged;  most  of  the  teeth  depressible;  lower 
teeth  uiie(|ual,  chiefly  biserial,  the  inner  enlarged;  symphysis  of  lower 
jaw  with  a  slight  inwardly  projecting  knob,  bearing  teeth  a  little  larger 
than  the  others.  Chin  with  4  distinct  pores,  the  outer  pair  round.  Inter- 
orbital  space  moderate,  slightly  convex,  a  little  broader  than  length  of 
snout,  4  in  head.  Eye  very  large,  considerably  longer  than  snout.  Pre- 
opercle  with  strong  teeth,  which  grow  stronger  toward  the  angle,  the 
lowest  tooth  very  strong  and  directed  downward  and  forwanl;  opercu- 
lar spines  blunt  and  fiattish;  gill  rakers  numerous,  long  and  slender,  j 
length  of  eye,  8-|-I6  in  number;  scales  ronghish,  extending  up  on  soft 
portions  of  vertical  tint),  covering  about  i  of  the  soft  dorsal  and  more 
of  the  anal.  Lateral  line  not  strongly  curved,  becoming  straight  in 
front  of  anal.  First  dorsal  high,  its  spines  slenderer  than  in  B.  armatn, 
stouter  than  in  Ji.  icUtia,  the  second  spine  short,  slender,  very  stout,  i 
the  length  of  the  third,  which  is  1}  in  length  of  head.  Soft  dorsal  rather 
high,  its  longest  rays  a  little  less  than  i  head.  Caudal  subtrunoate,  the 
middle  and  uiiper  rayn  slightly  produced,  its  length  1^  in  head.  Distance 
from  front  of  anal  to  caudal  3^  in  length  of  body ;  abdomen  extremely 
long,  its  length  i  greater  than  length  of  head ;  posterior  outline  of  anal 
fin  concave,  its  second  spine  very  long  and  strong,  scarcely  shorter 
than  Hoft  rays,  its  length  1^  in  head,  its  distance  from  the  vent  {  its 


Jordan  and  Everttiann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1435 


length;  ventrula  long,  Ii|  in  lcnf;ili  of  Ik'mI,  rcit«1iitig  beyond  tips  of  peo- 
t<iri>lN,  liiit.  iiift  <(iiito  to  veut;  poctoralH  nitber  short,  M  in  head,  Color 
lilni^li  ^ruy  uliurr  anil  nii  Hidcii.  Hilvcry  below:  a  durk,  il1-d.(>Hned  bliiiKb- 
^;^a.v  blotch  ou  upper  anterior  jingU*  of  opercle;  looiitL  jellnw  vs'ttbiu, 
lil:ii-kiHh  tiivvitnl  tip  uf  hnvor  jitw;  Mptiious  ilnniiil  trauHliieeiit,  \vrtli  dark 
piint;t(il:itiiiiiH  and  a  nurrow  black  margin,  or  HonietiiiicH  largely  Itlm-kish; 
Hoftdorsijl  diiflky  yellow;  i-audul  iind  iinlerior  ;{  rays  uf  anal  brit;htt^r  yel- 
low; riiiidal  and  ni<-inliriiiio  bntweuit  Hpiii<-  and  tii'Ht  .Niift  ruy  of  aual  with 
black  punctulutiuaa ;  pu.st<*riur  aiiul  ruyn  wbitD;  ventrula  iiniiiiiculate; 
pectorals  vrith  npper  halt'  »f  asil  and  iiienibritiie  of  upper  rayit  iulcrnally 
browuisli,  lh«  npper  rays  with  a  Htight  yellowish  tintexternally.  LeiiKlh 
a  foot.  I'aaauia;  rathpr  (;uinnion.  Of  nil  the  Auit-rii-an  Sciy>ncjidg  this 
8p«!Cioa  haM  tbi'  largoHt  anal  si)iiie  in  proxiurtiou  to  the  eiKO  of  th«  body. 
(«nwii»,  sword  ;  fcro,  I  hear.) 

Seiana  mtS/era.  JuBPAk  &  Ciuiear,  Uull.  V.  S.  Fish  Cniuni.1881,  31.1,  Panama ;  Punta 

Arenas.    (Coll.  C.  II.  GU)H-rt.) 
Corrina/uigtMt,  VAlLLA.x'r,  Mim. Scl. an  Mexii|iie,  IS4. 1^83,  Pacific  Coaat  or  Mexico. 
BairJUila  aui/rra.  .TuiibAN  &  EiuenmaNN.  {.  r..  387,  ISSff. 

18ia.  BlIBIMKLLl  Il'ISTIA  (Junlns  &  (iilberl). 

(CoRUI.fETA.I 

He^  3i  to  3i;  depth  3i  to  3j.  I>.  X-I,  28;  A.  II,  S;  scales  8-61-10. 
Body  elongate,  coinpresiicd,  the  liaik  a  little  elevated;  snout  very  nburt, 
compres.scd,  and  rfLtlur  bltint,  i  in  head;  month  uiodeintely  wide,  i>hltf|iie; 
lower  jaw  somewhat  iurluded;  mnxillary  reaihmg  vnrtical  from  poHtcrior 
margin  of  pupil,  SJ  io  bead;  n|)]>i.^r  jaw  with  a  naiTuw  hand  uf  villiforni 
teeth  and  an  cxtiTual  series  of  eoiuewhat  larger  teeth;  lower  jaw  with 
1  or  2  series  of  teeth  Minaller  than  tbo  enlarged  teeth  of  upper  jaw  and 
wore  I'lose-set:  in  front  this  series  1>road<'tis  into  a  narrow  banil.  Chiu 
with  4  pores;  premaxillarieB  ou  the  level  uf  lower  part  uf  pupil,  projeel- 
iDg  beyond  snout.  luterorbital  region  slightly  depresKed.  Ciill  rakera 
long  and  stron;;,  ahont  6  +  17  in  iiiiinber.  Treoperclo  with  its  lower  edge 
Buiooth,  the  posterior  cd^jn  armed  with  tlistinct  8|iine.>!,  tbt-  S  hpine.-*  nearest 
the  angle  ninth  the  longest,  the  lowest  direitid  vertically  ilowiiward  and 
»on]*-what  forward.  Eye  large,  its  diameter  slightly  k'sa  than  length  of 
snunt  or  than  jterorbital  width,  ■{{  in  len};th  of  head,  Senles  rather 
sniall ;  scries  of  small  scales  on  niembratit>  of  dorsal  and  anal ;  lateral  line 
little  arched,  liccoiniog  straight  ojiposite  interval!  Iietwcen  vent  ami  aual. 
Spinous  ilonial  high,  the  spiuts  all  very  slender,  weak,  irnd  tlfxiblp,  luore 
slender  than  in  other  species  of  this  8ul<Ken*is,  the  thtrd  and  fonrth  about 
equal,  iiiiich  longer  than  the  others,  the  upper  mar^^in  uf  thL*  tin  \ery 
oblique;  the  longest  spine  about  ,'„  length  of  head,  much  longer  than 
the  soft  rays,  which  are  about  3|  in  head:  seiond  anal  «pi]ie  exceed- 
ingly stronj;,  IJ  in  head,  about  ft  length  of  fourth  dorsal  spine,  and 
about  as  hint;  !u>  'irst  soft  ray  of  annl;  middle  ntys  of  caudal  slightly 
prixlno'd,  1^  in  head,  tlie  lin  siibtruurate;  ventrala  bm^,  their  length 
more  than  i  the  distance  from  their  base  to  ori^'in  of  :iiial;  pectorals  not 
reaching  vertical  from  tips  of  ventrals,  about  !'r|u:il  t<>  tbem  in  length,  U 


in  head.  Color  ftrnyjgli  silvery  above,  silvery  on  sitli'B  and  bfllow ;  dorsal 
region  with  fiiiut  stresikH  proiliioi^d  by  darker  oentors  of  tln>  HCJib's;  spi- 
nous dorttal  blurkiHl),  dnrki  r  on  iuPMibrani>  of  limt  Rpine,  tlieaoft  i»ortiuu  im 
well  aK  the  cniidal  ycdlowisli  diibky ;  vcutriiln  nud  pectorals  pale,  ejicb  with 
a  faint  yelluwisli  bintrli;  iixil  <>f  ]n-(  tural  Idack  iibove;  anal  piilu.  I'atifif 
coiiflt  o(  Mexico;  rather  ciiniaioei  about  Mj»/:itb*n;  roiulily  distiugtiishod 
from  ulhcr  gprcif'H  by  tbi»  wcnkncsfl  nf  it«  dorH4(l  spines,  lis  well  an  by  the 
largo  number  of  tlir  soft  rays.  ( ci'ui.'j  to  yield :  ion'uy,  sail,  frum  the  slen- 
dernesH  of  its  «peciea. ) 

Seiit-tta  {(■Mitu,  JuuiJAN  Jk  (iluilUT.    I'rw.  r.  S.  Niil,  Sins.  isnl.  :kA,  M&xatUn.     (Type*. 

Nun.  281»-J,  :«:'.«,  2SiTS,2c:iflii,  Mm,  2ttfli:i,  2tMiir.,2ir77r.,  29790.     C""ll.  Gilbert,) 
liairditUo  iciitin,  JuRDAN  A'  KiriKNM  ANN.  (.  e..  387, 18MB. 


tNi;.  bAIUDIKLLl  RO>>(;ilt;S  rCuvinrAc  Valunciemisa). 

iRoJtOO;    (JHOLTJJU    DntiMWKK.) 

Mead  31  ;  depth  'i\ ;  -yo  4*  in  head.  D.  X-I.  2:<;  A.  H,  X;  Ncales  7-5(M<. 
iiody  iibloii);.  ••rjiii[ire«8ed,  m'iinoly  Eiitgiilar  in  outline;  proJilo  atraigbt. 
rather  ati*<'|>.  tliu  Muout  nbort  itnd  rather  arutc;  eye  us  Uiw^  as  snout;  uionth 
uiirderiite,  nttarly  liorixontal;  prcmaxillary  uii  level  of  lower  jiart  of  orbit; 
miixillaiy  reachiii;;  lieynnd  middle  of  ey<',l'J  in  he;id;  teeth  as  iu  IMulifUa 
iriiiia;  pr«>porelofltroiit;ly  serrate;  ^ill-rnki-rs  f(-f  18.  Horsal  spines  rather 
KtiH",  the  liiifbest  2  iu  bead;  second  anaf  spiuo  rather  strong,  carved,  1^  iu 
head,  aa  loii^  as  first  soft  ray,  and  ruaidiint?  buyond  tips  of  other  riiys.  Ven- 
Inils  slightly  lonjier  tlinn  pectorulK,  which  aro  \\  in  ht;nd ;  vandal  truncate. 
Color  soiled  ^rrayish  abovA,  silvery  below;  faint,  dark  strealiH  alon^  the 
rows  of  scales;  spinous  dorsal  and  anterior  part  »f  aital  densely  covered 
with  dark  dots,  he^ti^tb  fi  incbe.-t.  .\tlantie  coasts  of  tropical  America, 
){Mit!rally  comnron  in  the  West  Indies  and  aloiiK  the  eoa.st  rd'  [traxil;  *  n 
food-Ji«li  of  Boino  iuiportance.  bnt  stnall  in  size;  onr  sjieciniens  from 
Havana.  (Iioiico,  ffniuter  or  eroaker.  the  SpaniHb  name  of  various  species 
of  IJiriiiuUiii,  I'limndaiin,  Hairdiella,  et<3.,  from  rimcar,  to  snore,  or  to  make  a 
rounh  or  raueon.i  uoise.) 

Cortina  roiicAiu,  (N'VIKR  ti  VAI.KNCIKNMK9.  Him.  Nat.  Paira..v.  UI7,  1830.  Maracalboj 
Surinam;  GCtrrnKB.  I.'at.  Fii^li.  Ilrit  Muii.,  n,  20U,  I860;  GOHTBEH.  Fiabfa  Ccutral 
Amori. »,  St/l,  IHOii. 

liairJirtla  ronc/iuji,  PoKT,  Hyoopaia,  324,  186S. 

NcuMia  riwio/iMi.  JouDA.N,  Prtio.  I'.S.Nat.Miis.  1886,44. 

JtairditUa  rouehun,  JuauAX  ii  Kiuenhaitn,  I.  e.,  988, 18tW. 


I 


Subgenua  NECTOR,  ilnnlnu  >V  Kveriiiumi. 
HIH.  H.(IKDU:i.l,.i   AB.VAT*.  Cill. 

Hwid3to3i;  depth3;  eyel^  in  head ;  sDOUt  t.  D.  XI-1, 21 ;  A.  II.  8;  scales 
7-51-9.     Snoot  sharp,  the  head  slender,  narrow  ahore,  the  intororhital 

*  Many  ii(ieoimcn«  from  Rio  Jnneirn  nnil  from  Mavann  .irr  in  llip  iimmnm  at  Cnmbridgi*. 
Then-  t»  I'ljimlileralilF  iiirliviilmii  varinlluii,  but  there  nfeiiiB  In  lie  iiu  Rpei'lHr  diffxreora 
Im'Iwi-i  u  Cidiuii  iiuil  Ilrazilinii  i-tainploii.  A  tuiruber  nf  «]>ei  jitieiiK  in  poor  runilitlnu  ara 
alfnj  ill  tlie  mn^ieiiin,  utipirosiHl  (<•  liiivo  Iweii  olitninnl  liy  CjiplAiii  I'lTry  at  Vera  t'rii». 
ThrAft  }inv«  thf  Knont  luuj^or,  il>i<  i>yf'  HniHllf«r.  nntl  Ihe  Hum  liigber  lhii2i  UHiial  io  rwiehfu, 
mill  ihry  may  rppri'si'Dt  a  ilitfcreQl  Hjitvii'-H.  Id  tlipar  lli>-  Hiiixit  til  i  iu  lieiid,  the  eye  4), 
tbi-  lougrat  dorsiil  npiuoa  1],  the  st'vunil  auul  a[iiue  1).    U,  X'i,  24. 


Jordan  and  Evertnaun. — Fisfus  of  North  America.     1437 


xpAi-e  not  brnniler  tli»n  eye;  anal  Bpine  very  lonj,'  iiinl  Rtrong,  Iji  in  hrfwl : 
pectoral  fln  short,  lA  in  bend:  form  of  iioily  irregiilnrly  rhoiiibnidal,  the 
base  of  the  itiuil  (in  being  oblique;  protilo  nlnioHt  Btr:ii;^bt  anteriorly;  eye 
moderate,  slightly  sbort^^r  tbuu  anout;  mouth  liirg:e,  inferior,  altnoi<t  hori- 
Kontal,  miixiUary  rearhing  boyoud  pii]»i],  2}  iu  liejwl.  Mouth  inferior  or 
ttiiliinfrrior,  little  oblifine;  preorliital  broader,  gill  ralcera  shorter,  and 
pores  and  alite  ou  snout  wore  ron»pi<-uoii8  than  in  other  speoieo.  Upper 
jaw  with  a  bnnd  of  villiform  ti-eth  and  an  outer  series  of  enlarged  toi^tb  ; 
lower  teeth  in  a  moderntn  band,  the  inner  series  slightly  enlarged,  esjK'- 
ciftlly  In  young  eNainples;  gill  ritkers  roiiipnratively  short,  )S -f- If) ;  dorsal 
•pint's  short  iind  stout,  Hligbtly  more  than  2  iu  he.'id  ;  candnl  rounded ;  auul 
M)iiDe  1}  iuliead;  biisul  half  of  the  soft  dorsal  and  nnal  foven>d  with  scales. 
Color,  bliiisb  ubovi',  silvery  below,  a  rathi<r  broiid  area  from  snout  Uy  caudal 
covered  with  brownish  dots;  upper  fins  and  anterior  linlf  of  anal  with 
many  dol«.  *  lioth  coasts  of  tropical  Anierifu  ;  not  uncommon  on  the  Paoilic 
coast  about  I'anam.-i,  and  ci|ually  abnndunt  on  th<(  Atlantic  coast,  where 
ilM««ns  to  ascend  the  rivers,     (armatut,  armed.) 

IJktniMUa  armabi,  liiu,  I'rnc.  Ac.  Nst.8<ii.PhU».  1883,  IM.  west  coast  CcntrmI  America; 
JoaUA.^  >V  KlOKVMAN.V.  (.  c,  38«,  1889. 
tkmin*  neutiraHrit,  SllciNDArnjiirR,  Ii'tith.  Boitr.,  m, 3S,  pi.  4,  187.^,  Psnama. 
OofvfoA  «rn*ii(»,  lil'TruCR,  Finhra  CcDtral  Anii-rica.  Wl  uud  42S,  ISOS. 
Cbmuo   (Uomiipritm)  aeuHrottrit.  tJTSDHbACHyH,   iCnr  Fbch-Fsima  (li-n   Mai:i]aleueii' 
.... 


1HI«.  BilRIMKI.t,4  iLrT.l„  JonlAD  It.  C.llbeH. 


^Beail  »t;  depth  3i;  D.  X-I,  1«;  A.  II,  H;  scales  14,  5  in  a  vertical  series 
ftom  front  of  dorsal  to  lateral  line.  Form  rather  elongate,  the  biiok 
B  little  olevat«<l  and  compressed;  candal  peduncle  cspeciiilly  long  and 
slender;  head  rather  broad  above  the  ayes,  Komewhat  depressed,  so  that 
the  anterior  jirollle  is  a  little  concave,  in  front  of  which  tlie  snout  is  rather 
abruptly  truncate;  interorbital  space  a  little  broader  th nil  the  largo  eye, 
the  diameter  of  which  is  abont  equal  to  the  length  of  the  snout,  and  con- 
tained about  4  times  in  the  length  of  the  head.  Width  of  preorliital 
I  iliiunetor  of  eye.  Preoperclo  strongly  serrated,  the  3  lowest  serrue 
radiating,  the  lowest  and  largest  oue  turned  downward  and  forward; 
lower  jaw  im-luded,  considerably  shorter  than  upper:  snout  scarcely  pro- 
jecting beyond  premaxillarieH;  month  nearly  hori/.outal ;  premuxillaries 
mnch  below  the  level  of  the  eye;  ma\illnry  extending  to  Just  beyond 
middle  of  eye.  Tc>eth  in  both  j.iws  in  narrow  villiforiii  bands,  the  outer 
loeth  in  rho  npper  Jaw  somewhat  enlarged,  those  in  the  lower  jaw  all 
small,  hides  and  top  of  hea4l  somewhat  c:i\ernoUh,  the  surface  yielding 
Ut  the  touch,  (iill  rakers  shortish,  rather  slender,  about  ivs  long  as  pupil; 
pswnilnbrHncbiae  large.  Dorsal  (in  divideil  nearly  to  base,  the  spines 
uol  tery  high,  rather  llesibln,  the  bmgi'st  little  more  than  )  length  of 


,7i. 


mI    111.    .  Ii.ir:ii  l.-r  nl    111"  il.'iitlli 


*  na\r>Vt>llfi  •minitti  i-  «  In-i-  l,>   Tiinfittrllit 

IriK.  .      '  ■  .> 

■utMjxtiiua,     I  Ik'  ■HI'-'  mil  II  irmi,  lUi.'  Iaiut  l'Kalit.\  ilU^iiT.  M.  C  '/.,i  i»  ii<'iijl>  4t  luul  luuii, 
fcDii  biu  Ibo  •plncD  ft  little  sliorler  snti  nluiitt-r  tlisu  Id  Pauiuiift  exoiuiilea. 


1438         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


1iea<l.  Hpciiiid  spine  a  little  Hhorter  tLnn  tbird  anil  nearly  an  hi;;Ii;  second 
durhft)  rathiT  low;  »(<roud  anal  sjvinc  atroug,  aixtut  J  length  of  head, 
S  height  nl'  thi;  soft  rays;  distiiiicn  froiii  Irout  oC  aiitil  to  caudal  1|  in 
length  of  liody ;  diatuncf  from  \ciit  to  iiiial  a  little  more  than  \  length  of 
second  anni  Hjiiiic;  randul  tin  long,  donlilc  triinciitc,  the  middle  raya  pro- 
durnd,  aa  long  as  from  Hnaut  to  edge  of  jireopercle :  oaiidiil  prdnnrle  (fruin 
cud  of  aiiul)  1.^  ill  head;  iiual  ending  in  advauto  of  end  of  donuil,  it«  tirst 
H|>in(>  in  ndvanct' of  niiddlfuf  Kuft  iloiHal;  vcntrals  hing,  the  second  ray 
lilutufutiiuK,  ro:ii'hi[ig  \ont:  |>e{'torfil6  latht^r  Hhort,  as  long  m  c&adal. 
KualttH  iargi!,  tho»e  oti  hrnast  not  much  timnller;  xoft  |)nrtfi  of  vertical  fins 
scaly  toward  the  bHJ^e.  Lower  phuryngcals  narrow,  with  sniall,  slender, 
))uiutt>d  ti'Uth,  those  of  tho  series  on  thL'  iiinor  edgo  of  the  bono  mnch 
('itija.rgwl,  iiImo  vory  Hlender.  t'olor  light  reddish  hrowti,  ditigy  with  dark 
pTnictii].ition.H;  groimd  ertdor  a  light  <'op|i('ry  shade,  little  Bilvi-ry;  eiwh 
acali' with  many  ilivrk  points  and  a  smutty  edging;  the  gem-ral  line  the 
same  above  and  below;  nodiiitiuctinarkinga;  preorhitiil  of  a  soiled  silvery; 
linx  aitniiarly  dusky,  the  caudal  yellowitth,  tho  anal  aluiost  block;  inside 
of  open-lr  dusky. 

Thift  spjicicH  Htrongly  resemblea  BixxrditUa  chryioleHoa,  apparently  dif- 
fering only  in  the  larger  scales,  fewer  dorsnl  rayfi,  longer  Ciuidal  fin,  and 
larger  vytat.  The  2  chururtcrM  irtst  mentioned  nmy  be  due  to  youth,  the 
ty]i''  of  tthtta  being  smaller  tb.iii  any  ehrti»uteu(ii  L^xanliued  by  us.  The 
other  characters  are  possibly  results  nf  extreme  variation,  and  the  2 
nominal  epecios  may  prove  to  be  identica],  P.-tdfic  roast  of  CfUtrid 
Aiiierita;  known  only  I'nini  the  original  typo,  7+  inches  long.  (dXuvroi, 
iinwiished.) 

ScutTia  aluta.  JriKDAH  &  OlLSEUT,  IYm.  U.  S.  Nat  Mna.  IB81,  232,  La  Uajoa,  San  Sal- 
vador.   (Tj'p<(,  Nu.  2812U.    I'lilt.  Cupt.  Hpnry  E.  NlcboU.) 
BainlieOa  aluta,  Jordan  Si.  Kiorkmann,  (.  c,  389,  ISHV. 

taut.    BXIRDIELL*  l-HRTNOLErCl  (Giintber). 

Head  3,1;;  depth  3;  eye  5  in  head;  snont  4.  1).  X-I,  21  or  22;  A.  II,  9; 
Hcale.H  (j-TiO  to  55-13.  Hack  Honiewhat  elevat^^d,  the  form  of  the  body 
nineh  :i»  in  OphioBcion  tcierii*  and  related  species;  preorbital  broader  than 
in  other  HpeeicH  of  Hairdiella,  ^  width  of  eye;  pores  on  snout  more  con- 
spicnoiiH  than  in  other  spt'cicH;  snout  bliintiHh;  interorhital  space  3i; 
berMl  thick,  Houiewliikt  more  cavornoiiH  than  in  related  forms;  naoittb 
Bubiufurior,  little  oblii|Ue;  premaxillary  entirely  below  level  of  eye;  max- 
illary 2j[  in  head;  tt'otli  of  outer  Bei'ios  of  upper  jaw  enlai'ged,  t«etU  of 
lower  jaw  in  a  narrow,  viljiforni  band;  lowest  seme  on  preopcrcle 
smaller  and  1u8H  tiirueil  forward  than  in  the  other  spccios^  dorsal  spines 
rather  Htout,  the  second  stroug,  the  third  longest,  1}  iu  bead;  second 
anal  spiue  shorter  tli:iti  the  Koft  rivya,  '2i  in  bead,  the  form  and  size  of 
these  spines  very  variable;  gill  rakers  short  and  slender,  j- -f  15,  the 
loDgMt  not  as  long  :in  pupil:  cauilal  lin  double  trnrieate;  pectoral  1^  in 
head;  caudal  1^  iu  head.  Color  sr>iled  brassy,  irregularly  uiottlcil  with 
large  patches  of  shining  golilen  brown  ;  faint  dark  titripes  along  tho  rows 
of  scales  above,  those  below  lateral  line  nearly  Uorizuutftl,  those  above 


Jordan  and  Evcrmamt. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1439 


o1iUc|uc.  •   r'aniima,  apparently  niro;  <iuit«  variable,  especially  iu  the  unua- 
turc  of  its  preopiTcle.     (;[/Oi'(Jo<,  gold;  .Ifuxo;,  white.) 

CornvM  thrv^etirn,  (M'MTRKo,  FUh.  Centnl  America,  387  and  427,  \A.  87,  Qg.  1.  1H«9, 

Panama. 
Akunu  rJitTfinlfuta.  .(iirdaN  6c  Oilbkbt,  Bull.  U.  S.  Fiali  Camm.  1881,  3t6. 
IWriSitUa ekrvtalfufa,  Jorda.n  \  EuiEXXANX,  I.e.,  389.  1888. 


581.  STELLIFER  (f'livior)  Oken. 


ISttUifrrti.  CrvnrB.  Uiycnit  Anlmul,  Kit.  i.  2»3.  IS17  ($t4U\ffr), 
A«fl(r«r  (Cl'VICk^  iikk!*.  (■!«,  118'.'.  1«17  (»fW»(/#r). 
attOVnu.  Stjimk.  KlamciiU  Nat   HUI.,  1,  4.W,  \»iiHttM\/fr}. 
BmtaprumJ  HiiUiKooK.  Irlitli.  S.  Carol.,  lateO..  168.  \»M  tlanofclata) . 
Sntti.  (ill  nriiT.  new  ii(ibgi.'uu8  (utrirant). 
2Mi<liaim,  (jILDniiT.  ii>-w  anltgpniu  \Uln€hrBiiu»\. 
UltUUurtn*.  UlLliRDT,  Ufv  auligouiia  litstucanu). 

This  g«nns  is  ciimpo.««(l  of  small  species,  all  Americau,  allied  to  liairdi- 
•lla  and  Ophioicion,  but  dixtlDKuisheil  by  the  roiiiarkalily  itpougy  aud 
eavurconM  constructiuu  uf  the  lioni'S  of  tUi-  akitll.  Tho  septa  are  rediiced 
to  the  thinness  of  the  walls  of  honeyrouib,  The  Bkiill  is  alno  very  broml 
aad  ninth  depresMsd  botwet-n  the  eyeH.  The  species  vary  consi<lerably 
amone  themselves  in  these  and  other  respect.'*,  and  luiiy  lie  thrown  into 
4  BijU>;enerii,  disttn));uiahed  liy  the  armature  uf  the  preopercle.  (tletla, 
star;  frro,  1  bear,  from  the  radiated  uppe^i ranee  iif  th<-  sponfcy  Rnborbi- 
(als;  "  L'f^toile  qrie  ce  itoisson  porto  a  I'uiil,  ui'a  engagiS  ale  denomnier" 
(Ulo^.h). 

Zfem»  (^'•OTiK,  ault-boUed) : 

I.  l^rooiwrHc  iritlt  two  siroaf  spines  only,  the  app«nnost  direoted  baeliwin),  tbe  lower 

dowowanl. 

a.  Jawi  anlMiqaal,  Ibi-  ninntli  very  oltliqoe,  large;  tvetb  of  lower  Jaw  oiieqoal,  tlie  inner 

fTie»  onlareed.  OsorTANS.  1821. 

M.  Jawa  iiDvqiial.  Uii<  lower  abort  and  inolnded;  montb  leaa  oMiqae;  tenth  of  lower 

Jaw  In  a  vflliform  liuid,  aalxxiual. 

6.  Month  mixivratc,  (In-  uiaxillur;  2)  in  bead;  lower apine of  pn^opcrcledlrecletl 
dowiittiu-d  uiiil  funrurd.  ri'BTIII,  1832. 

ft.  Trenpercle  serrate,  it*  ii|iiiinl<»  4  to  20. 
/.KrriDiiii  (dimlnntive  nf  Xetlu). 
c.  l^wemiiMt  niiinnln  <if  |ire<i|iorr|r  diiTete<l  downwanto;  l>ody  rnhiiiit. 

<t,  Itaraal  r-ttyn  XlV.'JVorSl,  jwcloraia  abort,  l]  lU  beail ;  gill  rakers  S  + 10;  «>t- 
orstiuD  dark,  iixccBMtosca,  1823. 

fiTBt.1  JFKS : 
ee.  Lowrrniniit  splnnle  of  prf'np>'rGlr>  not  directed  downwanU;  i<AadaI  On  pointed. 
«.  Moiitli  laiKK,  (ililli|U<',  lliti  nijixillary  2  to  2i  in  Icugtii  of  head ;  anout  rery 
Blinrl.  tiltli' projiM'ljug. 
/.  Pruupcrclo  with  3  or  1  aplnea  next  tbe  angle,  divergent,  conaiderably 
Inr);er  tlinij  tlio  otbcra. 


*Thl»  rpnrlr»  nllFioii);!t  livhnlnillv  n  Rffli'nfiVffn.  »h<>w»  hiimeisiin  allibitiea  wl(b  Ophio- 
tr:  '  -•    -       .  V  '      .'     ''.iiinilMii  Troni  <iuii  gmiipof 

S<  illieil  l(t  Seitrna. 

f    SfUi/T  amy  TtairitieUa, 

|l«t*re«ltlt.l«U  tiy  uiji  io  ui<'  iiirioirgruiip,  lUiu  1  iiuiiki  iiioroiurobtiregiu'deilaa  n  «ynou>ni 


1 140  Bulletin  4J,  United  States  National  Mttsaim. 


g.  Pectoral  6d  long;,  li  iu  heait!  body  det'p,  rompiv^Bed ;  bond  Rboii, 

<lccp,  inort<  runiprca»«<l  tlion  in  relaUM]  spociiw,  the  lnt«rw- 

bitikl  KfiMct*  ICfis  drprcnAi'il,  il.s  width  3^  in  lif*Htl,  the  supm- 

oi-ular  rid|!CB  lra«  prtiiuiiioul.    D.  XI-I,  19.    iiTBMjrEB,  1624. 

gf.  Pectoral  An  abort,  alionl  1}  in  lnMid ;  int<<rorbital  ipnce  3  la 

bc>ad ;  accund  anal  apine  2\ ;  body  ralbi-r  alnudi^r :  cDuut  aa 

long  itM  eye,  4^  In  lii^od:  month  luotbTalc.  obliijiie,  the  max- 

ijlarv  not  <]uite  i  Icnfstb  t»f  bead,  extending  j nut  paKt  pupil. 

n.  XI-I, -iu  to2:i.  LANCKouiTrs  XO^ib. 

ff.  Pntoperclo  with  umuunmH  Hbort,  atralsht  apjnulvM,  wlilcb  decrfoap 

In  kI£6  rti^iilMrly  fruui  nn^lr  upward;  utoulb  tvnuiuul,  tbc  max- 

iUorv  2|  In  head;  bvail  extremuly  apongy,  p<>i:torula  li  in  bett<l. 

I).  XIUI.  '>i  or  24.  KaicrMBA,  1826. 

*t.  Jlontb  Hinall.  Inferior,  nearly  borizuntiU,  Cbc  maxillary  3  to  3)  in  head: 

snout  thick,  blust,  nnd  protnbcrrnl :  eye  Mniall,  C>  to  IS  iu  brad ;  t««th 

nn  prcopervli-  aiibt'iiiial;  jirrorbitul  tliii.-li  and  xwollen,  inncb  broader 

than  eye ;  Ijody  luoderatt^ly  elongntn.     1).  X-1,  19.         Mif;Bnp«i,  ld?7. 

STEU-iCAltENB  <<t<-Ud.  atAf;  tareixi.  lai'kiug) : 

III,  Prvoprrole  vrtthoul  buuy  H<:rru>,  or  wilh  a  ninglo  aoinewhat  tlvxlblc  point. 

D.  XH-ID;  month  large,  obliqne;  bead  oarruw,  very  apoDgj:  pM- 

torula  li  in  hvad.  cb8T0CAKD«,  ISH. 

Subgenaa  ZESTIS,  GilHert. 
I)4ei.  KTKLLIFKU  OSCITA.XS  (.lurdan^  Uilbert). 

Head  SJ;  tleptli  3;   i-yo  4|  in  heail;  snont  41.    D.  XI-I,  22;   A.  II,  S; 

scales  fi-59-9,  17  ]>orc8.  Itody  obiunj;,  tbo  buck  gnmuwhat  elovuteil;  hciiil 
very  \vid<>  antl  heavy,  aliiiostiiuadrate,  (lut  i»l)ovt';  che»^k.<  noiirl,v  vertirsl; 
crnniiiiii  ftltove,  ub  wi'll  aa  preorbital  and  prt.>o|)eTclt»,  cuvcriiniis,  yiel<liiig 
til  the  toncli;  SDont  heavy,  jiiojccting  a  little  boyond  premaxillarifs, 
niucli  lirnader  tliuu  loiifj,  ita  loiititli  1  iu  lioml;  iuterorbitrtl  space  \ery 
binad  and  ll:it,  its  bremltb  2»  times  in  It-ujftli  of  bead;  greatest  width  of 
head  }  itn  Kreatest  Iieij^lit;  eyt>  iiiuderate,  its  dintneter  i-tiual  to  |  the 
intcrnrbital  spiifc;  Bapraorbitiil  rim  slightly  elevated, 

Muuth  viry  widi.*  mtkI  fdjliipie,  tlio  lower  jiiw  included;  len^h  of  gape 
twicL>  ill  l<.'nj:;tb  of  bead;  priMiiaxillaricR  antt-riorly  nii  the  level  of  the 
lower  part  of  pupil ;  maxillary  reachitijjf  well  beyond  the  posterior  iiiargiD 
of  the  orbit;  i-liiii  with  a  small  but  dtBtinct  knob,  thtv  pores  around  it 
not  w(»H  itiarkod.  Teeth  mnall,  not  forming  villiforiii  bands,  iu  2  rather 
irregular  nerici*  tii  each  jaw,  the  outer  teeth  in  tiiipcr  jaw  aoiiiewhat 
I'tilargi'd,  the  largo  teeth  fewer  in  ntiiiiber  and  larger  than  in  .S.  fnrlhi. 
till!  rakeiH  tmnierotis,  very  Hue  and  Bliuider,  the  laryest  abont  i  diameter 
oforbit,  21  +  27.  I'rtetidobr:iin:lii»c  quite  stiiall.  l:'reo]KTebi  with  its  angle 
evenly  rounded,  the  iijiper  ami  lower  liaitis  nearly  eipiai,  the  iiiembiuita- 
ceoiiH  margin  initmtely  serrulate;  above  the  angle  is  a  short,  very  struiig 
spine  directed  biiokwarda,  and  at  tlie  angle  is  a  Hiiiiilar  one  directed 
obliijnely  downward  anrl  backward  ;  no  other  stiff  spiueH  on  the  preopercle. 
Firat  and  second  spiueK  of  the  dorsal  strong  and  iTillexible,  second  spine 
about  h  length  of  head;  third  Hpine  longest,  about  }  aa  long  as  head, 
and  like  the  Biiccet^ding  H|iiiiea  very  slender  and  llesible;  elevcntb  and 
twelfth  spines  longer  uud  stronger  than  the  tenth;  Koft  dorsal  HOteriorly 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1441 

ftbotit  aa  bi);b  as  tliu  third  opine;  anal  Hliort,  its  Hecond  spinn  Ioiik  and 
viMv  ntrung,  niiicli  Htroiigttr  than  hpcoiuI  elorwal  sjiiiie  and  longer  tbaii 
till.'  thin!,  it*  length  ratlier  iiiorc  than  i  tlvp  l<-ugth  of  the  head;  mhorter 
tlmu  soft  rayg,  it«  ti|i  not  rojH'Iiiiij;  wlieu  depressed  to  end  of  soft  ray«; 
diHtiuH'c  from  veut  to  sceond  iiiial  spim-  couHiderably  Icsh  tliiVii  li'iijjtli  of 
aei-riiid  anal  spiuo;  etiii<l:il  rouiidt-d,  th(<  tiiiddlc  rays  produced,  ita  length 
B  little  less  thfin  \  that  of  limid;  pectorals  broad,  reacbinfj  ahiioat  to 
viTit,  (ibout  e>iiial  to  loii^'th  of  li<^ad;  voutrals  not  reiicbiiij*  nearly  to 
vi-nt;  Hdft  dorttal,  anal,  aitd  raudal  Cms  thirlily  acaltMl  to  tlieir  tipu;  the 
SpinoiiH  doioal  with  a  thick  ncaly  Rh(>ath  at  base,  each  ts(diiu  with  a  series 
of  scaloB;  other  (inH  more  or  less  scaly. 

Scales  large;  lateral  line  with  a  wide  low  curve  anteriorly,  becoming 
straight  in  front  of  origiu  of  aual;  tubes  of  lut4.*ral  Hue  brauehed  ante- 
riorly. Colorationdnsky  abovu,  pale  below,  with  some  silvery  luHter;  middle 
of  sidoa  conspicitoiiHly  piiactulato;  u)i)ier  Itiis  all  brownish,  piinctnlate 
with  darker;  ventrala,  anal,  and  ]i('(?toral  pale;  tbe  aiinl  and  pectoral 
dusted  with  dark  poiut.s;  operde  blackish  within;  peritoueiiui  dusky 
Bilvery.  raiiania;  not  uncommon.  lu  thodeiitttiun  ami  form  of  ita  mouth 
it  iliflem  from  the  other  species,  approacbiug  the  gouiis  liairdUlia.  {otciUini, 
I  yawning.) 
Beimita  oteitant,  Jobdan  i:  Gilbbbt,  Hull.  U.  S.  fish  Conun.  1881,  312,  Bay  of  Panama 

(Coll.  (.'.  n.  (lilbfrt) .  Jordan  ii  Gimikht,  Proc.  V.  S.  Kat.  Mm.  1882,  3Tt. 
HtfUiftrut  vteilaiui,  JobdaK  &.  Kioenma.vn,  I.  c,3l)3, 1880. 


I8i2.  8TEM.iKER  FrRTHI-  (Staiadacliner). 

HcmI  3|;  depth  2i  to  3;  eje  4}  in  head.  I).  XI-I,23;  A.  II,  it;  scales 
6-16-10.  Body  rather  short  and  deep,  the  baik  elevated,  and  the  profile 
steep.  Motitb  iiiodirat«,  the  niasillary  roacliing  to  behind  pnpil,  Vfj  iu 
head;  lower  spine  of  preoiiordo  directeil  downward  ami  forward;  bones 
of  side  of  head  little  cavornous;  iiitc'rorbitiil  width  more  than  jl  head; 
month  low,  littli-  obliinif,  the  niaxilbiry  reaching;  to  behind  pupil,  2*  in 
head;  lower  jaw  inihided;  teeth  of  lower  jiiw  nabeqiial.  in  n  narrow  villi- 
form  baud  ;  gill  rakei-s  rathi-r  (short,  few ;  snout  short,  thick,  and  blunt,  prn- 
trndin^  beyond  the  ]ireinaxil1arie.s  which  urn  nu  the  bivel  of  the  eye; 
higbeHtdorsal spine  1'^  iu  head;  second  anal  spine Nmall,*il  in  head,  shorter 
tbftn  soft  rays;  ventrals  2i  in  head;  pectorals  scarcely  shorter  than  head. 
Color  doll  silvery,  darker  above;  Inwer  tU\»  pale.  Panama;  not  rare. 
(Named  for  rguatiiis  Fiirth,  Austriau  consul  at  I'anamH,  who  sent  a  valn- 
nble  collection  of  lUhes  to  Dr.  Steiudachiier  at  Vienna. ) 

Cimiiia  (Ilomuprion)  flirthi.  SreiMlJACilKZR,  Icbtli.  Itoilr.,  ni,  Sfl,  fig.  3.  III75,   PaAama. 

(Coll.  iKnatina  Kiirlli.) 
MciVrtid/ui'lAi.  .ToBUAN  &^  i;iLUEBT.  [Sail. U.  S.,  Finh  Coiiini.  1881, 3IS. 
Ktaii/nnit/uf'l*'. ^OUltAX  k  KiotxMAJlJi,  I.*.,  39:i,  1889. 


•A  rliMpIv  »Uii»l  npfcicH.  Willi  liirK'T  mouth,  StelU/rr  rattr\fer,  Jonlau,  i*  tiiniiunu  on 
UiB  coacl  of  Braill,  and  luuy  bv  fuiuul  in  Uuiaua. 


Bulldin  ^7,  United  Stales  National  Museum. 


SubKcouB  ZESTIDIUM.  Cniwrt. 


IXaS.  NTELL.IFEU   ILLKI  EHKOSCS-,  Uiltiert. 

Head  3;  depth  2?„;  eyo  5V  to  5J  in  liead;  miout  4  to  i\.  P.  XIV, 
20  or  21 ;  A.  II,  It ;  pectoral  1!}  or  2(1.  llody  coinpresswl,  rather  deep,  both 
outlines  rtirved,  lliu  dorHal  more  than  tlxi  ventral;  head  brotul  and  de- 
lireHSfd,  but  lt»8s  so  thuu  in  the  ulher  sjiecies  of  Stellifer,  the  intororbital 
width  fiiualiiig  dietuiico  fruiii  tip  of  Bnuut  to  front  of  piijiil,  'A^,  in  head; 
greatest  width  of  bead  1,"„  to  2^,,  in  ito  length.  rp]>«r  proKlo  de> 
preHHcd  iiltovc  the  ur1iit«,  the  snont  ritth<T  tiliintly  roandcd,  overlapping 
the  proniiixiHiiries  bnt  litth';  innnth  large,  moderately  obliqtio,  tho  gape 
oiirveil;  iimxillary  reaching  vi^rticiil  from  uuddlo  of  pnpil,  or  ulightly 
bfhind  tbtH  point,  ItM  Ictigtb,  iiu'iunred  fniiu  frout  of  pr«ijiasillariea,  2) 
to  2ii  in  head,  Toi.'tb  \\i  lower  jaw  uniforjn  in  wize,  in  a  villifomi  band 
of  moderat't'i  width,  which  dooa  not  conspicuonsly  increiiHc  tow.ord  aym- 
phyain;  prouiaxilUiry  tec-tb  iu  a  similar  villiform  baud,  with  sui  outer  row 
of  i-Dlarged  canim-H,  which  decreaitc  in  size  toward  tlie  angle  of  the  month. 
Lipa  thill,  bat  somexvh.-kt  tliick<ir  than  in  other  »pecie«  of  the  genns;  5 
large  pores  in  iuaiidil>l«>,  and  r>  in  HMOut  iiiiiDediately  behind  premuxilla- 
rieM,  thu  iuner  pair  couo-aled  by  overhanging  lobes.  Back  of  those  are 
three  minute  pores,  Lt'axt  width  of  preorbital  }  the  diameter  of  orbit. 
Verticil]  limb  <if  preoperclo  with  H  or  9  nether  slender  spiuea,  increasing  in 
size  toward  the  angle,  ti.iuully  S  of  thuat;  at  the  angle  enlarged  and 
radiatiug  regularly,  or  the  lowermost  amy  lio  directed  tibrujttly  dotrn- 
ward;  the  horizontal  limb  entirn  or  provided  with  amnll  tloxible  apinos, 
loo»ety  .tttuchod  and  projecting  bnt  little  beyond  the  integument.  Gill 
rakcrH  short,  slender,  the  longest  nearly  i  the  longitudinal  diameter  of 
eye,  5  or  l>  above  angle  of  arch,  10  or  11  bolnw.  SpiiiooB  doraal  high,  the 
lirst  two  .spines  alnmg  and  rigid,  tho  third  to  tho  eleventh  weak  and  flosi- 
blv,  the  twelrtlt  to  the  fourteenth  again  stronger  nod  rigid;  Mecoud  spine 
nearly  j  the  third,  wbi<'h  in  the  tougcHt,  I J  in  head;  tlin  tin  diniiniithiDg 
slowly  in  height  to  the  sixth  apine,  then  more  rapidly  to  the  eleventh, 
which  18  the  »horte«t;  twelfth  to  fourteeuth  progregaively  lengthen  and 
belonging  to  the  second  dorsal,  the  Jatit  being  more  than  \  the  length  of 
the  longest  ray;  »e('ODd  anal  npiuo  long  and  Mlendcr,  about  i  the  height 
of  tho  longest  ray,  erinaliug  diRtance  from  tip  of  snont  to  front  of  pnpil; 
caudal  convex,  the  lower  hdie  slightly  longer  than  the  upper;  pectorals 
short  and  broad,  1}  to  1}  in  head,  the  tipper  angle  rounded,  not  reaching 
as  far  buck  as  the  vontrals,  vvhieli  equal  th«>in  in  ]c>ngth;  axillary  acalea of 
ventrals  and  pcrtorala  very  little  developed.  Color  varying  from  nnifonn 
deep  bronze  por[de  on  body  and  (ins  to  brownish  gray  with  silvery  refloe- 
tloti.');  lower  partH  of  hejul  and  body  somewhat  lighter;  tip  of  mandible 
white.  Eight  nputinien.H,  the  longe.st  M  inches,  were  taken  aronuil  San 
.lose  Rock,  iu  the  Uuy  of  Panama.  Tbid  species  is  related  most  nearly 
to  .stellifer  minor,  in  somo  respects  intorniediate  between  .Stellifer  and 
ItairdieUa.    Iu  this  species,  3  slender  iutemeurals  not  oonnected  with  dor- 

'St*Ui/«r  minor  (TuvkiifM).  ii  rHutiHl  ipuririt  with  iiiiiillar  openuliir  anualore,  is  •  ooia- 
muu  I'uuu  fish  at  Peru.    It  rujuhud  A  lar^'er  Klze  lliui  any  uf  tic  aUiert. 


Jordan  and  Jivcrmann. — Fis/us  aj  North  America.     1443 

mbI  Rpinea  lie  in  ^Ivnnce  of  the  noiiml  spine  of  tlie  .second  vertebra;  4 
lintcruiMirnls  leiviiit;  Attachment  to  dorsal  xpines  lie  crowded  between  the 
Ineiiral  i^piueH  of  the  serotid  and  third  vertebni-.  the  anterior  oue  Iii'jdk 
|\nry  broad;  3  inbMoeuruls  follow  interposed  betwuon  the  third  and  fuiirtk 
[hanruli),  (Mid  3  niurts  lM«tweeu  the  fonrtb  and  liftb.  (Gilbert.)  (iUtctbra, 
\a  spur. ) 

ygltliifrr  iUtttdtottu,  liiunuT  MS.,  FUbos  iif  rniiuiDa.  ixug,  Panania,     «!iill,  OlllMirt.) 

Subgenua  STBLt^lFER. 

1M«.  MTKLLIFRB  KTELLIFEB  (Blocb). 

nrtid  !t| ;  dt'ptb  Si ;  pyp  rather  Urge,  I  j^  in  bend;  snout  very  abort  and 
blunt,  t,^;  I).  XI-I,  19;  A.  11,^;  Hcaleo  48.  Month  lar^c.  oblique,  the  mftK- 
tlliiry  2  to  2i  in  length  uf  bend;  ri>ai-hin;;  posterior  border  of  eye;  tinoat 
vi>ry  dhort,  littlo  projeotlni:;  |ireoporclc  witb  3  or  4  spines  noxf  the  angle, 
diverKent,  cou.sideralily  1ar).;er  than  tb"  others;  lowernioet  epiuiile  of  pre- 
op«rcle  not  di^.'Ct^^d  ilownward;  peetoral  fin  long,  1,',  in  bend;  body  deep, 
cunipreM«d ;  bead  i»borf,  deeji,  more  votnpreMted  than  in  related  Bpecies, 
the  int4-rorbitaI  apnne  lesa  de]iretwed,  its  width  3i  in  head,  the  supraocnlar 
rid^ea  leiis  prominent;  anterior  profile  evenly  ronvex;  the  premaxillnry 
on  the  level  of  lower  part  of  eye;  preopercle  very  convex,  forming  an  arc 
of  *  circle;  ^jill  nikrr«  long  and  slender,  j-^-  18,  the  lou(»e*t  )  eye;  doroal 
apinvN  Mieuder,  rather  low,  the  longest  1}  in  head;  aeeonil  unnl  K])iue  long 
au)l  ratber  Ktont,  1)  in  head;  eaiidal  liu  pointed.  Color  dull  silvery,  the 
Dot  very  ilark.  Coaatti  of  Oniana  and  Brazil,  riithor  eoininon;  the 
menu  :ibovc  deaeribed  from  Bahia.  {nteUi/er,  star-bearing,  from  the 
rndiated  ^nborbitiil.) 

ttvHanHt  uMifrr.  Bux'B,  lolitliyologia,  pi  231,  1790,  Cape  ofOood  Hope. 

Corvlnn  Irirpinata,  rrviick   &    Vai.emi-iei(NE8,  IIIiiI.    N'at.  Poiaa.,  V,  100,  1830,  Braail; 

C»ycnnt;  STKRcnAetiXKU.  Sc'ia'Duiilfii  UraallirnA.  U,  IMi3. 
«M«na  {SttUy/mi*^  iHtli/fn,  JORDAN,  Proa.  V.  S.  Xal.  Miu.  1886,  Mo  (uot«  od  type  of 

InoMiuiaa). 

tuaii/f<  Jouuui  tt  KiacxicAioi,  i.  c,  3M. 

IMSS.  KTEI.LIPRR  l.iXCEOLATtS  mol>mwk>. 

IIr*d  .11;  depth  3j;  eye  41;  anont  4J.     I).  Xl-T,  20  to  1'3;  A.  II,  7  or  8; 

[•calea  5-47  to  50-8.    Interorbital  width  3  in  bead;  gill  rakera  13  +  22, 

labont  J  length  of  nyo;  |ie(^tontl  abort,  abont  Ij  in  bead,  about  oa  long  aa 

[Tentral;  second  anal  spine  '2\.     Body    rather  fdeniler;    numtb  nuMlerate, 

[oblii|iie,  tbe  inii\i11ary  not  i|Qite  half  length  of  bead,  extending  just  paat 

[pnpil;  preinaxiilary  iu  front  on  level  of  lower  margin  of  jxipil.     Teeth 

i1xive  iu  brriud  banda.  the  oat^'r  row  enlarged.     .Scales  on  hciid  i-yeloid. 

Fllonal  apinea  alender.  the  lirst  two  smnewbat  Ktronger,  the  lii^heBt  abont2 

in  bead ;  raadal  long.  1uueeidat«,  \\  in  head  ;  Keeond  una]  apino  little  shorter 

t ban  higbo!<t  dorsal  spine;  tiriit  ventral  ruy  filiform.     I'olor  grayiab  olive 

latxive,  silvery  below  ;  lintt  all  nearly  uniform  dnaky,  the  ventrals  murgined 

[vith  wblt«;  many  blotk  dots  along  the  sidex;  b:k.'«e  of  aual  lin  and  inner 

[lining  ot  opercle  duaky.    South  Atlantic  and  Oiilf  C'oaat  of  the  Uuiteil 


1444         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


StateiS,  CbftTleston  to  Texaa;  n  gni&Il  fifth,  r&ther  rarf  on  our  coast,  and 
from  rathi^r  derp  water;  the  ftppfiaifii  hwo  Jenwrilted  <)btnini>d  at  Charlen- 
toii.     (lancfolat\i»,  laiiceolat<*,  fioni  the  loriii  of  the  cniidal.) 
Hamnprion  tancfiitatvt,    UoLEiBwiK,  !<  Uthrol.   S.  Carolina,  Ed.  1,  168,  pi.  23,  1858,  Port 

Royal  Sound,  Beaufort,  S.  C;  OtRAJilJ,  I'.  S.  and  Mex.  Uoiind.  Surrey,  11,  \«S». 
Seiema  lanf^nlala.  (J^^fTHEa.  (,'iit.,  Il,  289.  1800;  Jobuan  JL:  (ilLBKRT,  SjnoptU.  931,  1883. 
Sleliyftrui  lanetolatui,  IJoODi,  rroc.  U.  S.  Stt.  Mua.  1^1, 113 ;  JoBOAJt  &  Eioknmavh,  (.  c  , 

3M,  1889. 
Utiana  iteU\ftra,  Jorda.v  &  GIUIBIT,  .Synopnia.  fiSD,  1B83. 


INgO.  STELIilKKK  EUK'TIIIIJL    (Jordun  d:  OiDiert). 

Hetul  'H;  rleptb  3k;  ey<-  5  in  head;  snout  5;  D.  XII-I,  28  or  2-1;  A.  II,  7 
or  ><;  scales  5-48-8.  Body  short  and  stout,  little  lompre^sed,  the  baclt 
somewhat  elevated,  tlie  caudal  piidniiolo  slender;  profile  nearly  straight 
and  not  steep,  from  the  scarcely  ti-nncate  snont  to  the  occiput,  where 
nn  angle  ia  Ibrmed,  the  rise  thence  to  the  base  of  the  dorBal  heiug  more 
steep;  head  very  broad,  with  very  oavernous  preojierole,  pn-orbital,  and 
orauiuiii;  iuterorbital  opaco  broad,  Hat,  its  least  width  eijual  to  anont 
and  ^  of  vyo,  about  twice  diameter  of  small  eye,  'J^  in  length  of  head. 
Snout  very  abort,  not  projecting  beyond  preinaiiillarioa;  supraocular 
ridgcj)  prominent;  a  oros.'^  ridge  on  forehead  connecting  noatrilin;  luouth 
toimiual,  ublitino,  emuller,  ud<1  more  oblii|iic  thitn  in  S.  furihi,  its  gape 
2*  in  length  of  head;  preniaxiltaries  in  front  on  the  level  of  the  lower 
part  of  the  eye:  luaxillary  reaching  to  opposite  posterior  border  of 
pupil ;  front  of  prcniaxillaries  extending  farther  forward  than  tip  of  snont. 
T(»th  luui-h  OH  in  S.  furthi;  upper  jaw  with  an  external  series  of  sinal], 
slender  teeth,  buLind  which  arel' or  3  rows  of  smaller  teeth;  lower  jaw  with 
a  narrow  villiforni  hand;  purea  of  chin  oltacore;  syiiiphyM^al  knob  small. 
Edge  of  preoperclc  with  sevoriil  (about  7)  ratherstrong,  slender,  radiating 
teeth,  the  'i  near  the  angle  larj^est,  none  of  them  directed  downward 
or  forward,  tiill  rakers  long  and  slender,  11  +  JK,  much  mort'  Ihiin  j 
diameter  of  eye;  paendobtiiuchin' amall.  SupraKc»]>ula  proniincut,  with 
ah^adcr  teeth.  Scales  large,  rather  Htrotigly  ctenoid;  tateral  line  very 
strongly  arched,  bocniutng  straight  jnat  in  front  of  iusortion  of  anal. 
Vertical  tins  covered  with  small  scales.  .'Spinou.'i  dorsal  low,  the  second 
spine  innrh  .ntonter  than  those  sacceeditig  ,  stitV;  iitlier  spines  very  slender 
and  lloxiblo;  secom)  spine  as  long  as  snoiit  and  j  of  eye;  third  spine  { 
length  of  bead ;  soft  dorsal  low,  rather  lower  than  the  spines.  I'andal  tin 
rkuuibic,  the  iiiiddlu  rays  longest,  }  length  of  head;  least  depth  of  candal 
pediiDcle  i  length  of  head;  :inal  (in  sm.-tll,  nut  very  far  back,  its  last  raya 
well  in  front  of  liuit  uf  dorsiil;  distance  from  its  lirst  ray  to  front  of  caudal 
:tf  in  total  length  of  fish  I  to  base  of  candal  J ;  its  ilistnnce  behind  the  vent 
about  equal  to  the  length  of  its  second  spine  which  Is  2i  *  iu  head,  i<t«ut, 
but  shortish,  lower  than  the  soft  rays ;  ventrals  moderate,  not  reaching 
vent,  coterniiiiotis  with  the  pectorals,  which  are  rather  buig,  J  length  of 
bead.  Coloration  dark  brownish  above,  white  below;  everywhere  with 
dark  points;  iippiT  part  with  bright-bliusli  rctlcctions;  lower  parts  with 


•  lUaprlnled  4  in  the  orlgioal  dMvrlpUoo, 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  Amrriea.     1445 


silvery  hiati>r;  a  tliirk  temporal  blotob ;  lower  Jaw  Muck  within,  liehiod 
thf  frout  teeth;  fuis  all  liark-brnwniHli,  lb<^  |iectnriil,  aiial,  uiid  veiitruls 
quite  bliick,  with  iuiiiiiti<  ditrk  |)oiDta;  tip  i>f  MpiiiouD  dortiiil  liliick;  liaiiig 
of  opori-le  dusky;  pcriluneiim  silvery.  Hiiy  ot'  Paiiariiti,  rathtT  rnmtuon. 
Typ«'e  froiu  (!  to  7  inilieB  iu  k<n;;tU,  uui)  us  thi>y  are  I'videiitly  luiiture,  this 
species  is  prolialilj  one  of  the  siuullt'st  of  the  Sciiciidi^i  (ishes.  The  caver- 
nous straetiire  "f  Ibc  lioues  of  Ihc*  lieatl  reaches  in  this  Bpei'i<-K  nu  ex- 
treme. {Jiririjmba,  a  >;eiiUH  of  tiiiiiiiows  with  (iiniihir  cavernous  bead; 
ipi,  very;  Mt-uiitf,  eavity.) 

}  Stiasna  erieymba.  JoniiAM  A  (ilLBERT.  BuU.  V.  S.  FJHh  Coiiini.  1881,  311,  Bay  of  Panama 

tiColl,  C.  H.tiillM<rt.| 
SteUiJfTMt  trirymba,  JqKI>AN  &  KiaK.NM.\N!(,  i.  c,  UM,  1889. 
01 


IHST.  STKW-IKKK  BKBOPK"  (SteindiM'liiMT). 


Head  3k;  depth  3+;  eye  5  to  6;  muoiit  i.  D.  X-I,  19;  A.  II,  K;  sfaies  51. 
Ikidy  tuoderately  elongate;  snont  thick,  blunt,  cniivox,  and  pi'Dtnberaut; 
eiiil  above  less  cavernous  than  usual  in  Ihu  genus,  more  so  IidIiiw;  prc- 
opercle  (as  usual  in  this  gcuiiH)  forniiiig  the  arc  of  a  ciichs  moiilb  rather 
small,  inferior,  nearly  horizontal;  the  inaxillury  M  iu  bead;  prcniaxillaries 
entirely  below  level  of  eye;  lowerjaw  lavoruoan;  ^ill  rakers  about  ,r -f  IB, 
aliout  i  diameter  nf  eye;  no  pori-s  or  slits  at  iMid  of  snout;  interorbital 
space  2i  In  bead;  ilnrsal  spines  tow,  thu  longest  1|  ijv  bead;  soft  dorsal 
bi};b,  the  longest  ray  ^|^  iu  head;  second  aual  spine  rather  large,  1)  iu 
head;  pectoral  li^;  teeth  on  preoperclc  subc(|i)iil;  prcurbitnl  thick  and 
owolli'n,  lunch  broader  than  eye.  Color  pair,  uearly  ]>lAin;  faint  iddii|ae 
streaks  iiloiig  the  rowsof  scales,  those  below  lateral  line  running  ub|ii|U6ly 
upward  and  bockwanr.  scales  of  sides  with  many  brown  dots.  Length 
31  inches,  ("oust  of  Bra/.il  anil  liuiana.  The  specimens  here  deBcril>e4l 
(4.^1,  M,  C,  Z.)  collected  at  I'uru  by  Dr.  Steiudachaer.  ( /itMpui  small ;  (Stt>, 
eye. ) 

Corvina  tUlK/rra,  OCimillS,  Oat.,  II.  200,   ]gSU,  Weat   Indies    (nut    Jlodianwt  »UUi/«r, 

BU>CH). 
Corrina  mtfrupt,  ^TCtSDAciDfcn,  Irhtli.  Not.,  I,  8,  pi.  2,  flg,  1,  1864.  Guiana. 
SUUI/irus  mUrof);  .Joui>A.N  &  ElGKNUANN,  1.  c,  395,  1889. 


Subgenua  STELLICARENS,  GilbeH. 

1HS8.  NTKLUI'SK  ZKSTOCABt;!!,  (illhorl. 

Head  Hi  to  3,1 ;  depth  li'v  to  2,'-'„- ;  eye  SJ  to  3?  in  bead ;  snout  44.  Pores  in 
lati-ral  line  47  t<i  60.  1),  XII,  19;  A.  If,  10,  llody  (•oni[mratively  deep  and 
compressed,  with  narrow  hcail,  large  obliijiie  month,  the  greate.'ft  width 
()f  head  IJ  to  1'  in  its  length,  Anterior  protilc  rising  in  an  evi-n  <'onvex 
I'urve  to  front  of  dorsal,  depressed  vei\v  little  if  at  ."vll  above  the  orltits; 
greatest  depth  under  trout  of  spinous  dorsal;  Ittngth  nf  caudal  peduncle 
measure<)  from  )>:iae  of  last  anal  ray  H  iu  brad;  from  last  dorsal  ray  1|; 

2^  in  head ;  head  extremely  soft,  the  bones 


depi 


pe<li; 


*A  rel*t«d  apecics,  S(ell\frr  nam,  Jordan,  tuvlng  the  eye  large,  nnd  the  lower  teeth  on 
pmorbital  enlarged,  occurs  In  BrAtll. 


oavomouB;  snout  blnntiah,  not  projortliig  beyond  tho  promaxUlarieB,  it* 
length  li  in  litsiil;  lower  jaw  iucliuied,  tbo  tip  pro<luoe<l  into  a  iihort  bnt 
distinct  Hyrii[>li}'Heul  kaob;  montb  large,  very  oblique,  the  maxillary 
(nieoonrecl  from  front  of  siioitt;  ei|iialiiig  length  of  sriDiit  :iDd  eye,  2i  in 
bead.  Tct'th  in  narmw  villiform  bandK  in  both  jawa,  widest  in  sides  of 
preuiiix)Iluritii<;  nouo  of  tb<.i  tueth  enlarged;  lipa  tiiiu;  mental  and  roatrtil 
pores  iiiiniito;  inli'rorbital  space  transversely  convex,  21  to  J,",,  in  head; 
Hnpraorbital  ridguti  proiniiiuut;  preoperciu  witli  »  wide  moinbroiious  lior- 
der  which  ia  atrengtb«'ii<irt  near  the  unj{l»i  with  diverging  ribs;  a  single, 
rather  stiff  spin©  ili  roc  ted  biickwnrd,  iiiiuieiliatuly  above  the  luigle.  Gill 
rakerB  Btiiiieruua,  long  and  slender,  abont  20  on  borlj^outiil  limb  of  arch, 
the  lougeet  i  tho  diann'ter  of  orbit,  liye  birge,  elliptical,  the  long  axis 
obli<iiiP,  c<|vi!iliiig  di»t»nco  from  tip  of  nnont  to  front  of  pupil.  Kins 
higiij  densely  scaled,  including  the  Dpinoua  dorsal ;  lirst  and  second  dorsal 
spineH  rather  strong  and  stifT,  the  third  aud  sncoeeding  Hpiue.i  llexible; 
third  spine  longest,  IJ  in  bead;  the  ninth  spine  is  shortest,  the  tenth  and 
eluventh  longer,  belonging  to  the  soft  dursiil;  last  .1  spines  stranger 
aud  rigid;  second  iiniil  spiuc  long  and  rather  slender,  2^  to  2i  iu  length 
of  bead;  loogeKt  anal  ray  Iji  to  1}  iubead;  anal  basis  long,  e^inaliug  length 
of  anoiit  and  eye;  caudal  donblt^  truncate,  almost  lanccolat-e,  the  middle 
rays  much  produced,  Ij  or  H  in  head;  pectorals  long,  reaching  beyond 
vent,  li  in  head;  ventrals  not  nearly  reaching  vent,  li  to  1}  in  head. 
Scales  thin,  deciduous,  weakly  ctenoid;  head  vompletely  scaled.  Color 
nearly  itnifonn  grayish  silvery  ab«ve,  bright  silvery  below ;  fins  slightly 
dusky;  mouth  and  gill  cavities  wilvcry  wiiite,  a  blackish  blotch  in  the 
region  of  the  p»emh)br;iuchiic.  Seven  »pccinieii»  known,  all  froui  Panama 
Bay,  tho  longest  about  6  inches  long.  (Gilbert.)  (^ftfroj,  8oft-boile«l ; 
xapd,  head. ) 
StftHfer  tutoearuM,  UlLBEBr  MS.,  Finlies  uf  l'un«iiia,  1888,  PBoaraa.     (C'oU.  C.  U.  OUbert.) 


I 
I 


58a.  OPHIOSCION,  GUI, 


(H^HMeim.  nii.1..  froo.  Ac.  Nal.  Sri.  I'Ulla.  IMU,  IU  {lypimu). 
BtfPWruM,  liiiMEin,  ut^vr  RiibjfcniiH  tren»ici4Uirijit, 

This  genu.'^  is  c(tiiipus>Ml  of  mnall  species,  m-nrly  all  Aniencan,  allied  to 
Sriiviia  (Sdirna  miihrit  I..  \,  but  dilVeriug  iu  the  aruiiitiiro  of  the  pri-ojierclp, 
its  bony  margin  l>eing  at  all  ages  armed  with  strong  persisbtnt  serra-, 
the  lowermost  teeth  not  directed  forward.  The  candul  fin  in  this  group  is 
never  hinate;  the  soft  dorsal  uud  anal  are  scaly;  teeth  in  bands;  gill 
rakers  rather  short,     (ij^is,  snake;  dMiut',  SHixna.) 

Ophioscio.x: 
I.  Canila!  Ilii  roiivei  nr  <liiulil«  triiiioato,  tliu  midilte  my*  l<ni|!est;  teeth  in  tliii  lowxr 
jaWf<)(iul,  in  a  villifonn  t>anil. 
a.  Caudal  lAUoeoIaUi,  as  long  iw  Ih'uiI  bi  lulult;  suft  ilomal  rays  21  to  23. 

b.  Antorior  pruftlo  of  faimil  u<it  lont^avp;  cuud;il  nxHlcntlc,  sliort«r  thun  hood. 

D.  X-I,  23or23:  licaillow, Biibicinici  umxillaryAi  iDbnail.    ('iiloriioU«d 

linuwy,  with  (lurk  atrojikft  nliiD);  tho  row*  of  Hcalfji.  Ani'src^  tSSft. 

bb.  Ant4-ri<ir  i>mfih'  of  henrl  mun*  or  Ic-t*  (>oncav(>,  f^pecially  in  old  rxainplrai 

oanctkl  lHno«oUt«,  »■  long  us  bend.  Calor grayish ;  theftns  lar^ly  black. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1447 


«.  Bye  larga,  3}  in  lii<iut .  aiiout  |>ni,ii-i  tiii;;  Itcyanil  Ibo  niiiall  inuiitli,  the 
msxilUry  2^111  head:  ]iri<iit«'r<lcn-llliDiiniiTimH>ipiD<-».    D.  X-I.22. 

TVi'linrs,  1830. 
«e.  B^  amall,  4  to  4)  !n  lieail;  aiiiiiit  littlv  prqjvcting;  iiioiitb  wider,  the 
maxUlarv  'A\  in  Ii«iu1.  |iTiH>]iorok'  with  4  lu  6  aplniw. 

STBABO,  1831. 

00.  Cnudikl  Un  trn^KolArly  denble  (macate, innob  ibbrter  tbaii  tli(>  hrnd  ■.  mft  dunkl 

Willi  'Z4  La  26  ray*. 

t.  Snout  iiMii'li  pnijiH^llu);  1m\v»UiI  tbe  premuxillArii-K:  brad  blunt,  aoninwhst 

•fionjty:  IkmI.v  rattier  d(H>i^  rmniiriiiiwd:  th«  back  rriiisidftrahly  elis 

votM.    Color  iiiiifonii  dull  bruwnls^h  wilbout  dark  Htrvalm. 

/.  PectornU  \\  In  licnd;    maxillurj  ItJ  iu  lii'iul,   brad  li*iui  H(>i>rrMed, 

t(ver>-whcrr>  rm»i)rti»d.  si.MVLl's,  1832. 

f.  Pectorals  nlniuiit  lu  bme  on  head :  maxillary  3  io  liuad ;  head  low  and 

aiuitll.  iMlCEi-fi,  1833. 

tt.  Snoul  scan'dj-  jirojpcting  bejond  tht<  preniaxillariita ;  head  not  viTy  al«n- 

d<>r;  iKMly  nibiiKti    iiroflU>  atocp;   bnrk  and  iidps  with  ooiiapiouoita 

blockiaU  atreaka  uloui;  the  rows  uT  aoolea ;  inuxillury  'S  in  hewl ;  can. 

do!  1)  io  hftnd;  |i«ctoml«  1|;  Sua  diiaky.  HClzut'B,  li!>34. 

SlOMl'lltm  (irirr">.  •igniB:  mpa.  tail): 

II.  Caudttl  f  atiAped,  the  kcnte  upper  angle  nmcli  produced,  longer  thsn  median  ruyn. 

Troth  in  lowi-r  jaw  iiarijunl,  a  »cri«ii  aX  larj:iir  omvn  Ijfilii;;  prfiwDt  bt'aidea  Ihoae 

of  the  villirurm  band:  body  with  diNtinrt  dark  atreoka;  Una  du»ky.    .S<M-iind 

uuti  «pin«  atrong,  3  in  bead.    D.  X-I,  25.  VEBJUCULAllls,  1835. 

SubEcnuB  OPHIOSCION. 


lHa9,  OPHIOSIIOX  ADI^STIS  (ARoaaia). 

Heu-l  3?;  depth  :H.  I».  XI-I,  32;  A.  II,  7;  scikles  h\  (pores);  eye  3i  in 
licaul;  BDoiit  U ;  miixillury  'i\\  jtrcorliital  about  im  liroai}  as  eye.  Dodj 
cciinpri-Bseil,  uf  moderate  duptU,  ttir  head  luw,  Hiibcauir,  acutish,  Init 
liliintptl  nt  ti|>  uf  Buiiiit.  iSaoiit  rather  loii^,  projecting,  itx  usiiiil  jiores 
and  slits  wiOl  doveloped;  e.v«  rather  srtinli;  iiinutli  Hjiiall,  inferior,  liori- 
xontul,  tbe  niuxiliiiry  re;i<'ljiiijj  tii  ojipiwiti'  ])0-<ti>ri<»r  wlgiMit' pupil.  Lower 
teeth  ciinal,  iu  i\  hroadi»h  b;iud;  iippt>r  teoth  with  iho  outer  row  a  little 
eulargfd;  iiitor(»rUit:il  width  'i\  iu  bi:id.  rroopercte  wiih  vertir-ttl  limb 
and  roiiaded  aiiKlp  witti  about  8  rutlier  strohj;  tt«>th.  (iil)  rakern  very 
short,  thicker  than  lii^h.  Scales  regularly  placeil,  those  liriow  Iiiteral 
lino  iu  horizontrkl  series;  luteral  liue  Ijeioininp 8tniif;ht  hefnro  anal.  Diir 
Aal  Hpiucs  stout,  the  longest  X),  in  ht-iul ;  loii^jti-sit  woft  riiyH  3;  second 
auiil  spine  short  and  very  Htoiil,  12  in  head,  i'l'i'toral  long,  1|^  in  head. 
Color  Aoiled  hraMy,  n  faint  Kiimll  dark  spot  on  each  ncule  of  back  and 
■  ■ides,  these  forming  duHky  Htreakn  along  each  rinv  uf  Healefi;  fins  all 
tl&rk,  with  dark  pointH,  (he  pcctornlH,  ventrals,  and  anal  darkest.  West 
ludies  to  coast  of  Urazil.  Mt-ro  de.scrihed  from  No.  2^417,  M.  C.  Z., 
7  inches  long,  colli-'cted  at  rernaiiibiico  by  Hev..T.  V.  Flpti'her.  Two  other 
Hpeciniens  examined  by  us,  one  from  .lortfniie,  Hayti  (I*.  X-I,  23;,  and 
another  (1031,  M.  <'.  Z.)  from  FontelMia,  Druxil.  This  specimen,  with  it« 
fo-types  fhiin  Jerc-mie  and  Fonteboa,  was  referred  by  .lordaii  A:  Higon- 
ntann  (Rev.  .Sciien.,  4(J3,  IWSSI)  t.o  .sViikki  arfnotn,  Aga.ssi>;.  Thin  determi- 
ofttion  ia  apparently  correct.  It  is,  howevei',  not  the  species  nailed  Soiivita 
adtuta  by  Eigeuniaun,  Ann.  N.  Y.  Ac.  IMUt,  631,  which  is  the  young  of 


the  fruah- water  Lepiplerun  honarieniig.  Agftssic's  figare  of  ^icnia  adtiMta 
gbowK  19  or  20  nol't  iIothmI  rays.  This  ie  aiiparvTitly  an  error  of  tlie  artist, 
while  tho  dBscri])t.toii  wttich  gives  28  aoft  dorsal  raya  in  t\  sli)i  or  mispriut 
of  the  author.  l>i'.  <. 'arlim  Uerg  (Ann.  Mua,  Nnc.  Ilueuoa  Airaa  1895,53) 
oba^rvea:  "The  numlmr  of  raya  of  tlie  vertical  fina  is  souiewhat  varioble, 
aa  in  aiMM  tin-  intensity  ol'  tlio  ii1i]ii|ii(r  itii^ky  atrcuka.  I  oltaerve  the  follow- 
iii};(ormulii;  1>.  X-I,  l.'3  to  X-I,  2ii;  A.  II,  7  or  8.  ScalvwSl  to  tiO.''  {aduili; 
sciirched  brown.) 

Seitma  (Corvina)  admla,  .VoASSir,.  Spix.  Unu>il.,  llSit,  |>I.TO.  IH3V,  Montevideo. 
Seieena  adtuta.  Jordan   >v.  Kiohnmanm,  Kovicw  iSi'UMiidie,  403.  1889:  ItBBu,  Add.  Mm. 
Kro.  Ducnoa  Airr«  li<9$,  JO. 

1K30.  il'PIIIOSCIOXTTl'M'I)!*,  Gill. 

Head3jt;  deptli  Mi;  e.vo  :V{  in  Uc-ad;  suout  lij.  D.  X-1,  22;  A.  11.7; 
aoalea  r)-.">tl-7.  Antt-rior  jiroliln  more  or  lesa  t;on*'ave,  fspooially  in  old 
exiiiii|i'lt<H,  the  h*>ad  being  very  low  inid  slender;  chikIiiI  tin  likneeolat«, 
almnat  as  liiuifati  tieud  ;  an i>iit  abort  uml  bluutisli.  [^rojei-ting a  little  beyond 
tho  preuiaxillarica,  nbctut  a;<.  long  iia  eye:  mouth  amall,  low,  iiiaiiLlary 
extending  to  bidow  middle  i>f  eye,  LM  in  licad  ;  teeth  iu  both  .jaws  in  mod- 
rT.'ito  Hiiiids,  the  ont(ir  derius  of  the  upper  jaw  enlarged;  higheat  dorsal 
apine  If  in  head;  anal  apiiit)  very  tlu<'k,  Htrong,  iia  long  as  the  rays,  If  in 
hand;  pertorais  about  na  long  aa  ventrnla:  lirat  ventral  my  fililbnn.  Color, 
grayiah;  :uih1  and  vciittal  liiiei  hirgely  bbick.  Pannnia,  not  uni°ouiiuoD. 
In  itsaliMider  head  ;iiid  laiiceidiiteciiiidal  On  it  would  aeem  tn  ditler  widely 
from  moat  of  the  relaleil  fnrma.  Its  relations  with  ".  »«eri(»  are,  however, 
cloae,  and  ft.  imic«pi  ia  evidently  intermediate.  (tgpieu»,  typical.) 
Ophiotrion    lypieut,   (iiLL,    ITuc.   Ac.    Nat.   Kci.   PUlk.    1663,    IU,    we*t    coast  Central 

America. 
Corritta  ophi4Hei<fH,  GC.VTHEK,  Fiab.  Ccutrol  Antfrlro,  38T  and  428,  1860,  Panama. 
Seitma  opiiiutcion.  JnariAK  k.  Gilbert.  UuU.  U.  S.  Fiali  Comm.  1881,  815. 
Scicma  lypiea',  Jobdah  A:  Kioekmaxk.  (.  c.  404, 1888. 


IM31.  OPIIinsno^'  NTRIBO.  r.ilbcrt. 

Hea4l3i;  depth  S}.  I).  X-I.22  or  2»;  A.1I,G;  eye4to4i  inliead;  snout 
S^;  maxillary  :{,\  to  3(;  higheat  duraal  spine  If  to  1};  dorsal  ray  2,^;  anal 
ray  U  ;  caudal  3',  in  length  ;  [lectorals  4g  ;  ventrala  5;  scales  5  or  (>— 19-10. 
C'loHoly  allied  to  (t.  tiijiiciiH,  Iniving  the  same  gi'ni.Tnl  uliape  and  the  ojou- 
gati'd  raitdal,  whiidi  i«  l(iut;«>r  tliHU  lio;id.  Ii  diflera  ruus[ai-uon8ly  in  ita 
nini'h  smiilliT  rye.  its  ht'avier,  sbtirter  anoiit,  which  b:ir6ly  protrudM 
beyond  the  uiuutli,  .'iiid  ita  longer,  Ii-hs  inniicrona,  prcopercnlur  spines. 
Snout  blntitly  ronnded,  little  ])rnjei-ting,  the  nvotith  short  and  broad  coiu- 
parod  with  '*.  Iifpiiim.  Anterior  iipjier  pndili-  \ery  <'ou(iive,  rising  nipidly 
from  (nx'i))Ut  to  doiaiil,  growing  tthurjdy  eompreascd.  Mouth  moderataly 
oblii[iie,  Hiibterniinal,  the  snotlt  protruding  beyond  the  ]>r<-ma]:illari('S  for 
a  distance  (measnred  axially)  equaling  ^  diatueter  of  pnpit;  maxillary 


•Till*  andoHimtillKy  of  iiucli  »aril«  an  "Ifipicvt"  an  »pcclll«  nnin<w  i«  very  Kvldnit  in 
Ibis  ciMtv  In  I'lillovriag  tlie  liiw  of  )iri<>rily  in  reFurrln)}  tho  aiHM'ieii  to  M(<rna'.  tlir  speciaa 
lua  iMMMSsed  aiinmu  which  ism-jreontradic-torN ,  iia  ttnit  ia  nun  of  tlie  speoica  iuo»t  uiUlk« 
the  liMil  t}'pe  of  SdtBim.    If  Ophweioti  l»  rccafriil)ti>d,  (liia  ealo«taro  is  not  evident. 


roaoliiuf;  slightly  brliiuil  Irniit  of  nrliit.  MamltUiilar  t(><4tli  of  (><|ii»l  Hire, 
ill  a  wide  villifiirui  bund ;  prt'iiiMxilhiry  lmu<l  siuiiliir,  i»j"(>cm><Io(1  liy  an  outer 
row  of  Hliort  sleuiltir  canities;  prcorliital  riitlicr  iiwrrow,  half  iut*irorbital 
wiiltli;  eyi's  mimll,  uliliijtiuly  si»t;  inttjrorliitiil  spaco  traiievcrseiy  convex, 
i to  width  SJ  iuticad;  a  luw  8i]]iurcilii)ry  liilirt^;  preopurriilar  itmrji^iii  willi 
ii  few  (4  to  (i)  alcnder  u«u(Ilu-likL>  spiiiea,  tlie  '.i  lntij'er  ones  wiile  spat'ed, 
ovvnly  radiatiiiji;  abuiit  the  iiiigle;  iiinrif;in  iif  lower  iinib  fnrniifhod  with 
.■>  or  (i  miiuito  xpiuons  toetb,  coiuprtn»iil,  triiuijjiil;ir,  iiiiil  flexible;  gill 
rnkern  short,  Hleniler,  :irul  about  *  tliiiiiioler  of  pupil,  6  <>r  7  iiUovc  nnglo, 
13  below  ;  first  2  aii<l  iimt  '2  dorHul  Hptiics  ratbi-r  stroug  iind  rigid,  the 
others  exceedingly  slciuler  ami  llexibk;;  third  spiiir  thi;  lougent.  reacliiiig 
1  beyond  b:iMt«  of  t«ntU  spiue  when  deprrssed,  1|  to  1}  in  Icngtb  uf  head; 
tiMith  «(HtH!  ohortest,  the  uii' vi'nth  longer,  reproflentiiig  this  tirHt  r;ty  of  second 
dorHul ;  diitt'.uiuei  fruiti  liiHt  dorsal  ray  to  basd  of  niiddlo  caiidiil  ruy  (Mpialii 
length  of  snout  und  i  of  i'y<';  secoiul  nnal  8|iiii*i  long  and  HliMidc^r,  ^ 
iir  xligliLly  tiion;  tliuii  ^  It^ugth  of  bouil.  fur  i,  the  timgcHl  anal  ruy ;  aiinl 
baaiN  but  little  uioreoliliipie  Ihun  the  rest  of  tho  abdouiinal  proftle;  diHtoiiee 
from  hiiaa  of  ti»st  auiil  ray  to  biis<j  of  middle  oundal  ruy  aliglitly  excocds 
diataace  from  tip  of  tiuoiU  to  pifoiM-rrnlar  margin;  caudal  lanceolate,  the 
middle  rays  iiiiich  produced,  ef|ualing  distance  from  tip  of  snout  to  axil  of 
jicittorttlB;  pectorals  gliort,  searrcly  reaching  tipH  of  veutrals,  the  latter 
not  to  vent;  outer  ventral  ray  slightly  iiroduri'd  beyond  the  rout.  Siuileu 
'•mailer  than  in  "•  Itiinou,  5  or  G  iu  the  vertiral  series  between  latura]  line 
and  back;  arch  of  lateral  line  ending  over  the  anterinr  ])ortioii  »{  anal 
(in;  bead  almost  entirely  scaled,  iiicludiug  mandible,  braurhioHtegal  rays, 
preorbital,  and  top  of  head  forward  to  near  extreme  tip  of  Koont ;  on  .snout, 
preorbital,  and  uiantliblea,  the  scales  nro  cyeloid.  Ctdor  in  spirits,  nearly 
uniform  light  brown,  lighter  below  and  with  some  silvery  luster;  fins  all 
dusky,  the  anal  and  ventralsblack,  the  outer  ventral  ray  while;  open'ular 
lining  dusky.  Six  Hpecimeua,  the  longegt  5  iucheit  long,  from  San  .Juan 
Lagoon,  Houth  of  (iuayiuaR,  Mexico.  (Gilbert.)  (ilraho,  u  blinkard,  from 
the  stuiill  ohli(|iie  eyea. ) 

ttphiuteiOH  itrabo,  GlLttEHt.  Proc.   V.  S.  Kiit.  Mas.  lliSfl  (1807),  iU.  San  Juan    l^agoon, 
louth  of  Gu«ym»i,  Mexico.     (Tyiw,  No.  477«,  V.  S.  N.  M.    Coll.  C.  II.  Oilburt.) 


IMS.    0I>HI0H4'I0N'  SIliri.t'N,  GilWrt. 

Head  »1;  depth  3il;  eye  ii  in  head.  D.  XI,  26;  .\.  11,  7;  1'.  18  or  19; 
pores  in  lateral  line  50;  anil  stiuiller  neales  covering  base  of  caudal  Jin. 
Body  more  elongate  and  less  cumprMsed  than  in  other  speeies,  the  head 
efl]iecially  characterized  by  rounded  outlines;  preorbitals  turgid;  suoiit 
bluot,  Bcarcely  at  all  compressed,  evenly  rounded  iu  all  directions;  top  of 
heiKl  everywhere  transversely  convex,  not  at  all  depressed  over  the  orbits; 
u  scarcely  ni>ticeable  de)>re8aiou  at  occiput,  with  the  exception  of  which 
the  profile  rises  slowly  and  evenly  to  the  front  of  the  dorsal  fin ;  predorsal 
region  trmisversoly  evenly  convex,  not  eonipre.s.sed  to  a  ri<lge  except  inime- 
Idiately  in  front  of  first  dorsal  spine:  dorsal  and  voutrikl  outlines  about 
04|nally  curved,  the  batic  of  anal  lin  but  littl  i  more  o!dii]i]e  thiui  the  uoniinl 
coatoiir  ut  that  point.  Mouth  wide,  broadly  U-shapud  aaseuii  fiuui  below, 
3O30 U 


1450  Bulletin  ^7,  United  Stales  Naticnal  Museum. 


over]iiisHO(l  by  tLo  bluntly  rounded  Huont  for  a  diatanco  (taken  nxially) 
equal  to  \  (HftinctBr  iif  ]miiil;  cloft  nf  the  tnoiitli  iinHlerately  obliqnti,  the 
maxillary  rciicbiiif;  \«'i{i<al  fmin  midiUe  of  piipil;  length  of  maxillary 
(moiiaiiriid  from  I'l  out  of  i>reiriasi11arii*B)  'i\  in  bead ;  nuniilible  Tvith  a  broad 
baud  of  vlllifonii  teeth  uf  iiuiforiu  Hize;  premaxillari«B  with  a  siuiilar 
bruiul  villiroriii  band,  prei'edc'd  by  au  outer  dories  of  small  cauineii.  cloae- 
srt,  Hmnller  in  si2t<  tb:tn  in  rd.-ited  Hpei'ics;  preorbital  nf  muder»t«  width, 
ewollen  and  tjir^jid  aa  in  rachi/urtit,  its  width  6j  in  bend;  post-erior  n^uitril 
lurgi;,  circular,  witliniit  triiL'«  iif  rniHed  nuMuhriinons  edge;  autnrior  nos- 
tril VLTticiitly  t)l]ipti(;at,  Hiiiiill,  and  with  riiiaed  mnrj;iu;  prcoperi'iibir 
niarj^tu  with  11  t"  Ui  mjiiuoub  teefb  (in  the  typo  specimen),  the  upjier  i>no« 
niiiiriti",  iniTiianiiii;  in  fti/e  toward  prottperculor  nnxle,  around  wliiib  they 
HviMily  radiiitf.  ncinc  rouspifiiously  eiilarfrpd.  imd  the  lowermost  not 
direfteil  nbiuptly  duwnwiird.  f!itl  rakers  short,  the  biuK<><tt  iiboul  otiual- 
ing  (liiiiiiet«r  uf  jiostciior  nostril,  7  iiioviiblo  onos  on  upjwr  limb  of  aroh. 
I'.i  below,  Fii>it  dorsal  high,  of  vory  dlender  llexiblr  8[iincs,  oxcujit  the 
first  two;  second  apine  stroiifj  und  rifjiii,  aa  long  as  the  fourth,  contained 
IttiiiieH  in  tb<'>  head;  third  gjiiiie  tiu-  longest,  rrncbiu);  when  di'i.-lined  to 
b.tfie  of  lirst  ray  of  Hccund  dor.mil,  its  lonjtth  IJ  in  head;  from  the  third, 
the  spines  decrease  rapidly,  sn  that  tliu  diiital  Ui;iT^in  of  the  fin  is  sub- 
vertienl ;  the  tenth  Bptne  sbui teat,  its  nienibrune  ruaehing  base  only  of  the 
eleventh,  which  belong  to  aerond  dorsal  iind  is  j  diameter  of  the  eye;  seo- 
oud  dorsal  high,  the  lungext  ray  o(|ii:iliug  length  of  snout  and  eye;  caudal 
Miibliineeobite,  mutilated  no  that  itH  exact  «h:ipe  can  not  be  .-tBoertainecl ; 
middle  niys  cunsiduriibly  kiuger  than  the  outer,  and  at  least  f  len^h  of 
head;  Mtn'oiid  aniil  spine  bnij;  and  strong,  its  b-ngtb  If  in  bead,  slightly 
greater  than  that  of  firet  soft  ray  which,  however,  projects  beyond  it; 
out-er  ventral  ray  jirodiiceil  in  a  very  short  tilauieut,  about  i  diameter 
of  eye;  vential  spine  1'-!  in  head,  the  longest  ray.  exclusive  of  lilanient, 
11  in  heail,  roaehinj;  5  disluii<;e  from  their  btwe  to  vent;  pectorals  H 
in  bead,  reaching  a  vertical  from  tips  of  vcntralii.  Lips,  brunehioste- 
g.tls,  gular  meiubranex,  and  imdt^r  xidv  of  snout  naked,  bend  and  body 
otherwise  .sealed;  scales  on  uiantHlde  and  those  in  advance  of  nostril* 
cycloid  or  those  on  top  of  Hn<mt  very  weakly  etenoid,  scales  otherwise 
strongly  ctenoid;  second  dornal  and  anal  with  11  doliuite  low  scaly  sbeath 
at  base  eoiiaisting  of  a  single  series  uf  small  euules,  iind,  in  addition,  series 
of  seules  on  tbi>  aieuiliranes  extending  Jj  distance  to  tip.  Caudal  sciletl  to 
tip;  lateral  line  with  a  long  low  curve,  the  height  of  which  etiuals  ^  diame- 
ter of  orbit.  Color  steel  gray  above,  without  dark  streaks,  white  below, 
the  elieek.t  and  lower  portion  of  sides  with  nnich  brown  8|H3ukiug,  some- 
times cuulined  to  the  marginaof  tbesi'ak's;  ntunth  whit«  within;  lining 
of  opereles  blackish ;  lins  dusky,  the  distal  part  of  veiitrals  black,  the  outer 
ray  white;  anal  with  I  hi- anterior  rayn  tipped  withbUu-k.  A  single  speci- 
men, about  fS  inches  long.  Panama.  This  speriew  is  closely  related  to 
O.  tcifruH,  but  ditl'ers  in  the  longer,  less  eonipjieMod  body,  the  plain  colora- 
tion, tlie  tnrgiil  pruorbituls,  lews  arched  lateral  line,  and  emaller  teeth. 
((•ilbert.)  (,\  diminutive  of  nimiit,  Hiiub-noseil.) 
(tphiotcioii  nmuliu,  (tILUkst  HS.,  Fishea  uf  Pauuna  IMf,  Paoama  (Coll.  C.  II.  Oiltmtt.) 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1451 


INSa.  (»P1IMIS<10>'  IXICKPS  iJonlan  i  Oilborl). 

Ilettil  3»  ;  depth  W.  U.  Xl-I,  25;  A.  11,  8;  scalea  5-51-9;  t-yelmiRer  than 
ftnout,  \\,  in  lieikd.  Boily  ilce;*  mid  coniprt-asoil,  the  back  couaidenihl.v  a^le- 
vatwl,  tins  cjnidul  pudiiiicle  sUnrt-  :»ud  deo]);  hc.ul  very  small,  narrow,  mid 
luw;  the  snout  liliiiitly  juMiitt-d,  thi?  pTufile  from  the  iiostrilK  to  tho  int«<r- 
orbitiil  region  iiot  Hte<?]>,  tliencti  rUiii);  Kti-oply  with  n  cotiHlderuhlc  oiirve 
to  the  biiso  of  the  dorsal;  dt^|)th  of  the  liuad  u-t  the  itiiddlo  of  tho  eye 
ec(nal  to  tho  length  of  tin'  Hiiont  utid  oyo,  utid  about  L<t|ital  lo  tliu  grenteat 
tbickiiuM  <if  thir  head;  iittvrorbiliil  Kpaco  narrow,  littl<<  ('oiivux,  little 
wider  thuri  c-yc.  4  in  head,  iibotit  ('<ninl  to  lungtli  of  snout ;  preorbital 
wide,  gibbons;  prcoperelv  souic-what  fuvemouH;  month  »iiinll,  iufurior, 
hori/ontal,  the  li)wiT  jaw  much  ovorliipjied  by  tho  »ii»iit,  its  tip  extt-nd- 
iug  litth'  forward  of  the  iiotitrilH;  maxillary  extending  to  oppoaitR  middle 
of  eye;  preinaxilhiry  in  front,  far  liolow  level  of  lower  edge  of  fye; 
length  of  gape  'i\  in  head;  bci'tb  very  Miiiall,  iu  nurrow  villiforiu  bunds 
in  both  jaws,  the  outer  row  in  the  upper  J:iw  etdurged.  rraopt-nde  armed 
with  Htroug  radiating  teeth,  about  3  near  the  angle  hirger  than  the 
others,  none  of  them  iliroi-tcd  downward.  Chin  with  2  largo  pores, 
preceded  by  2  snialler  ones,  and  without  Bymphyseal  knob.  Faeudo- 
branchhi'  tfinall.  Uill  rukors  (us  iu  Ophioxcion  Iffpiciit)  niinuti.',  slender, 
not  longer  than  nostril.  .Scale.s  ronghish  :  l:H«ral  line  strongly  curved, 
beoouiing  straight  op])«silo  niidilb'  of  nn.il  tin,  .Spinous  ilorsiil  rather 
high,  tho  spineti  not  very  nb-uiUir,  tlid  second  spine  a  tittle  .-.tronger  than 
the  others,  2ji  in  head,  iho  highest  spiiji-  1}  in  head,  conaideraldy  higher 
than  the  soft  rays;  soft  dorsal  audan:tl  lin.'i  scaled  a  little  more  than  half- 
way up.  Catldal  double  tnim  ate,  the  middle  ray.n  inodi-riittdy  produced,  the 
upper  iinglp  acute,  tlic  lowi-r  rounded;  middle  rays  of  candal  1;  in  head; 
aual  inserted  nearly  nudi-r  the  lutddto  of  the  soft  dorsal,  the  ilistaiiL'e  from 
the  first  ray  to  base  of  luudul  3^  in  length  of  body;  seiuud  anal  spine 
shortish,  but  rather  strong,  soniewhat  slujrter  than  the  flrst  soft  ray,  its 
length  considerably  greater  than  its  distaiXT  from  tho  vent  and  i'(|nal  tu 
I  the  length  of  tlir  head;  ventruls  small,  reaching  about  halfway  to 
anal,  not  to  tip  of  peotorals,  which  are  long,  scarcely  nliurtcr  than  head. 
Color  dull  brown  above;  belly  white,  but  not  silvt>ry ;  upper  tins  brown, 
the  spinou.s  dorsal  dusky  at  tip;  aual  dusky,  thickly  studded  with  dark 
points;  ventrals  and  ]tPctorals  dusky;  a  faint  butnl  of  dark  ]iiiiDts  from 
bn«e  of  pectoral  straight  to  caudal,  bounding  thi'  dark  color  of  the  upper 
partit;  ])*ritoneiiiu  white;  lining  of  ojierclew  partly  lilaek.  Three  speei- 
mcDS  of  this  species,  each  6J  inclics  in  length,  were  taken  in  the  Hay  of 
Panamii.  It  resembles  the  species  of  Sielliftr,  and  it  has  real  nihnities 
with  that  grouj).  The  hoail  is,  however,  dift'ereat.  being  low  and  narrow, 
and  little  cavernous,  while  tho  gill  rakers  are  very  short,  as  in  the  other 
species  referred  to  Ifphiotcion.     {imiia,  lowest;  cejia,  head.) 

Jfc-uptM  imierjn,  JoNIiAN  Ic  GluiKHT,  Bull    ('.  S.  KLiJi  Comtn.  1881,  309,  Bay  of  Panama 
rryi>es,  Nos.  2»l»3,  lIMtJl,  SMStl.    Cull.  C.  U.  Uill>ert>  -,  Jouo^  &  Eiuehmanh,  (.  e.,  «M. 


1462         BuUetin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum, 


|H»4,  OPHl4)8nO?f  NriKRIK  Monlnn  A  Gillierl). 

Head  3$  |4  in  iMt:il);  ileptli  '.S  t<>:H;  eye  5^  in  head.  I).  X-I.  24;  A.  II 
7;  nralea  6-50  to  55-12.  Hotly  ubioug,  the  cituditl  iii-diinplc  slender,  tin- 
buck  moderately  ploviited;  Hnaiit  rather  iic-utc,  urojcctiiif;  inoduriitely 
lioyond  the  jireinaxillaries,  its  length  3,-  in  head;  niiterior  prolilo  slightly 
concave  abovr  eye,  tlieuce  from  iiiipe  tu  ilura.il  Hteop  iind  rntber  etrougly 
convex;  nioitth  of  niurlorato  size,  little  olilifinr,  subiulorior,  the  maxillary 
extending  tu  rather  boyond  the  postorior  luar^iu  of  pupil,  it>  lonKth  3t 
ill  bead.  Teeth  iu  the  lower  jiiw  in  a  ratbp.r  liroad  villilVinn  Imud,  tho 
nutor  tfcth  not  «uiI:ir;;tHl,  similar  tn  tho  inopr  te«jtb ;  outer  teotb  of  upper 
jaw  iiinderulely  enlarged.  Intcjrorbit,-)!  H[iac<?  rather  narrow,  gently  con- 
v<'x,  it.s  width  5|  in  bead.  Cruniiuii  iint  spongy  to  the  touch;  preopervle 
niihi-r  cojirBrly  Herrate,  the  tuotli  near  the  anjjli'  larfieal,  none  of  them 
directed  forward.  Gill  rakciK  thtckisii,  e.vtreuit'ly  wliort  and  siuull,  the 
IftnjfeHt  not  lunger  tliaii  noi^tril.  ScaloH  rather  Hn::ilt,  the  suft  di^rsal  auil 
anal  wll  scaled.  Iiursnl  mpines  rikthcr  Mhnidfi  and  low,  thosvi-ond  much 
stouter  than  tho  third,  which  \ik  loiif;fwt,  12  in  head;  longest  8oft  ray  of 
dorHol  2,^  in  he:id;  caudal  Hu  irregularly  doiihle  trtineate,  (he  median 
rayH  longetit,  \'i  in  head,  tho  npiiur  angle  uut  prodiu'ed;  Inngefit  soft 
rayK  of  iinMl  a1i4)ut  4  head;  second  anal  spine  rtibnst,  rather  long,  1£  in 
beat!;  pectorals  reachiug  past  tipis  of  vcntrnls,  \\,  iu  head;  vcntrals  If. 
Ctdor  steel  gray  above,  dull  silvery  below,  everywhere  much  Hoiletl  with 
dark  lirovvn  pointo;  center  of  rach  scale  dark  luown;  these  dark  sjioU 
con II lien t  in  narrow  but  diatioct  dark  stripi'S,  wliieh  I'olhiw  the  dirertiou 
of  the  rows  of  scales;  Mtreaks  aliovo  hitcral  lino  anteriorly  rntiniug  <ib- 
lic|uily  tipvvai'd  iiiiil  backward;  below  bitor.il  lino  hori/ontal  posteriorly 
and  soniewliat  unditlutiiig;  this  plain  ;  the  edge  of  the  ^pinons  dorsal  and 
the  wltol^of  tl)e  uniil  and  vcntratH blackish;  other  liiiB  paler.  Pacific  coast 
of  tropical  America  froiu  Miizatltiu  to  I*aii:i[ua  ;  ouh  of  the  most  abunilaut 
of  the  8ciaiuoid  lisLea  on  the  west  coast  of  Mexico,  Here  described  from 
No.  294W,  9  inches  long,  from  Pauaiiia.     {6kiep6i,  ettuky.) 

Scit^na  vfnnifHtarit,  Jokdan  &  GiLBEUT,  Bull.  U.  S.  FUh  I'omiu.  1881,  SXb  (uot  Curving 

rrrinirularit,  GI'STHEIl). 
Seueiia  Mrifra.  JouiiAti  &■  tliLDEiiT,  Pror.  T.  s.  Nal.  Mas.  1884,  480,  Macatlan;  Panama 

(Types.  N.m-  aO!t.'.,  »K»,  20281),  2S»275,  ^9337,  29638,  2«»0,  »IIM.     foU.  C.  H.  OilUirtl: 

JOKUAN  &  EiaiCVMA.NN,  I.  C.  404,  18X0. 

Subgenus  3IOMURUS,  rilllwrt. 


iHia.  OPillOKCin.V  VEBJini'I.AKIM  (liiinlbvr). 

Head  3,t;  ilcptb  ».  D.  X-I.  27;  A.  II,  8;  orhit  S  in  Iioad;  snout  3}  ; 
ithiry  'A;  kigliext  duraal  Npiiie  1$;  dorsal  ray  4;  Httcoud  anal  spine  'i^; 
Ii'iigtb  of  caudal  tin  Ij ;  veiitrals  Ij ;  pectorals  IJ,  Hoily  rolui^t,  deep;  the 
liack  couaiilerably  elevated;  ventral  ontHue  rounded.  Head  Honiewhal 
coiii[ireH«ed ;  profile  Hteep,  a  little  coiiciivo  over  the  head;  luuiith  o1dii|ue; 
pieiiiaxillarion  below  level  of  the  eye;  luiixillary  reachiug  to  the  vertical 
from  luiddlu  of  ]>iip)l;  lower  jaw  included;  teeth  on  jaws  UDe<|Ual,  an 
outside  aerieti  of  larger  onus  being  present,  besides  those  of  the  villiforni 


Jordan  and  Ri^ermann.-^ Fishes  of  North  America.     1453 


bau<l;  saout  obluttc,  loiiijer  than  tlu>  eye.  project injj;  a  littlo  beyond  tho 
preniaxillnri«*8;  slits  .'Hid  (loreft  oti  Buoiit  Imge;  tiuteriur  wi>atril  with  a 
dornial  t1a}i;  iutcrorliilsti  Mpacc  about  1  in  lioail;  |>roorbitnl  bniiMl,  about  7 
in  lioad;  prenpercle  with  wido-set  Bpin<iUN  teelli  on  posttuinr  margin;  gill 
rakers  6-f-Il,  short,  Mime  nf  tlieni  ^ndilllc^nt;l^y ;  pKendoliriinrliiii'  well 
developed.  Donial  spines  not  very  strong,  tho  third  lonj^usit,  rcarhiiig, 
wlum  depressed,  beyond  tip  of  lho>  ei};htb  ;  Hoft  darsal  hiwer  tliaii  .KpiuouH, 
the  tin  with  a  si'aly  Hlii-at)i  at  its  )>n.He,  il.i  iiieiiiliranvM  lovered  with  aiitiill 
acalefi;  biia<»  of  anal  .^  in  bead,  tho  third  spint^  v«>iy  strrmg,  not  n-achinR 
tip  of  the  lonj^i'tit  riiys;  upper  lobe  of  caudal  produLM-d,  ivoute,  thi<  lower 
lobe  rounded ;  vcutruls  liliforiu  at  tip,  almoHl  tho  onnir  length  oa  fioctorala. 
Lateral  line  arched  luitfrioily,  boLMiuiiuff  Htnii^ht  oror  middle  of  tho 
base  of  anal  tin;  about  fi!*  k(*)iI(ss  in  the  lateral  line;  6  ncaliiH  in  tho  vertical 
series  l»otwecn  lateral  lin*i  and  hai'k,  15  in  therertical  series  below  lateral 
line.  Panama;  known  from  the  orij^inal  type  and  from  livu  spi-ciuiens 
lately  taken  by  Dr.  (Gilbert,  from  whiih  the  present  ile^criptioii  is  taken. 
(rermirularit,  marked  with  worm  tracks.) 

Cvm'na  Bemi»'c«{ilrt«,  GI'irrilBB,  Finli.  Central  Amerliu,  «H7  iinil  \Ti,  |il    07,  lit;.  2,  1889, 
Panama.     |('4ill.  Cupl.  Uaw.) 
'  BeiirM  rvnnint,lari»,  .ToRUAN,  Pruv.  I'.  S.  N'al.  Jinn.  liMa,  3«1 ;  JuBtiAN  tc  RlQKNMAmi, 
I  c,  4(M,  1889. 

583.   SCIiENOPS,  flill. 

(Rku  Drums.) 

|i*,  OlLL,  Pnic.  Ac.  Xnl..  .Sel.  I'hila.  I(«a.  :!0  (nrrUota). 

I  genns  is  plo.se  to  flphiotcioii,  from  which  it  dilTers  in  the  loss  of  its 
preopercular  armnture  with  a;;e,  the  serrftto  edjio  of  the  bone  becoming 
entire.  ThecJindal  tin  is  trnncate  or  concave,  tho  .soft  dorsal  acaieicss;  the 
•lits  and  pores  of  the  iipper.jaw  are  well  developed  and  the  single  spuciea 
reaches.'!  very  large  si/.e.  The  grouyi  is  not  well  separated  from  ( tphiotcioH 
ion  tho  one  band,  or  from  .S'ci'cnn  on  the  other,  but  it«  retention  seems  to 
b« convenient.  ((Smaivit,  Sriiriia,  theaocieutname  of  the  Enropeau  Hpecies 
tteiirna  umbra  and  J'iiendoaci(rnu  aijiiita,  from  6Htd,  shade;  iSip,  appearence.) 

IHSe.  S4'I»;>lt>PH  IM'KIXATUK  (Unnnn*). 

(R«D  DrITM:    CHAKXKI.  VASS;    "UkD-PMH;"    I'KSCADO   COMIBADO:    BtTX  RKD-nSII.) 

Hea<l  3}:  depth  3^;  eye  7  in  bend;  snout  '1.  D.  X-I,  24;  A.  11,8;  scales 
'4-45  to  50-13.  Body  clongiite,  rather  robust,  not  much  compressed;  baok 
Romewhat  arched;  prntllo  rather  steep,  somewhat  convex;  head  long^, 
rather  low:  eye  small;  snoitt  Idtiiitish,  rather  lung.  I'rcoperclo  with  its 
bony  margin  sharjdy  serrate  in  young  examples,  beciniiiog  entire  with 
i»gc,  tho  serne  eiitin>ly  disapiicariug  in  sjiceimens  of  '2it  to  30  pounds 
weight;  in  thes<e  the  even  edge  of  the  bime  l»  wholly  covered  by  skiu; 
mouth  large,  nearly  hori/.ontal ;  niaxilbiry  not  i|uit«  reaching  ;^OHterio^ 
border  of  orbit,  2}  in  head;  tooth  in  both  jaws  in  villiform  baiiils,  tho 
ont4-r  series  of  the  upper  Jaw  much  ealarged;  lnw<T  teeth  Hiibeijtial;  gill 


1454         Bulletin  ^7,  United  Stales  National  Museum, 


rakeni  f>  -\-l,  shnrter  tlinn  t\\e  diameter  of  the  pnpil;  lonfceat  dorsAl  spine 
31  in  lioad;  8«c<iiid  a11.1l  apiiie  I'j)  in  the  InnKest  r:iy,  3;  in  head;  pectunils 
as  long  :i8  veutralx,  2  in  h(>.ad ;  hi':i1c«  ot'  the  lireaflt  embedded,  cycloid; 
soft  dorsal  Mc.ilolr».s;  camlal  lin  sligljtlj  concuv©,  about  |  as  long  a» 
head.  Color  jjriiyish  silvery,  iriilpsrent;  often  wiishcd  with  coiip«?ry  iwl: 
each  scale  with  a  renter  of  dark  poiuU,  tlicse  forming  ratbrr  o1>8cnre, 
irri-gnlar,  uiidiilatitiK  brown  Htripea  along  the  rows  of  scales;  a  j«t-b]a<-k 
oc<-llated  H)iiit  ilbout  :ih  turge  ua  oy  ut  b.ise  of  caudal  above,  this  souie- 
timef)  dnplicnteil ;  tbo  body  occiiHionally  covered  with  oc<-lli.  I/cngth  2 
to  5  fe«t;  the  weight  lU  to  75  ponnda.  South  Atlantic  and  Gnlf  coa.«t8  of 
the  United  Statea,  New  York  to  Texas;  very  comnion  along  onr  coast, 
B«ipeci:tlly  sriuthwaTd,  where  it  is  une  of  the  largext  and  niotit  important 
fit(iil-ii«he8,  On  tbu  Texits  coast  it  excecda  in  economic  value  all  other 
(iBbes  found  there,     (ocellatut,  having  eye-like  spots. ) 


Ftrta  ncMala,  VnmxBS,  Syst  Nat.,  Ed.  xtl,  483.  ITUC,  South  CsroUna. 
Luljanuit  itianuulum,  LACtP^UB,  Hlat.  Nat.  I'oita.,  iv,  181  onit  3tS, 

Sumatra. 
Sciiwna  imberhu.  MlTCBILI..  Tnin».  Lit.  k  Plijl.  f;M>.  New  Tork  181S,4U 
Corvtnn  oetlUtta.  Ci'vlKH  .t  VALIi.sc;tKNNB»,  Hist.  Nat.  Puiai).,  134,  pi.  11*8, 
Johnitu  otfUalu$,  Oibaud,  U.  K.  Sc  Mcx.  Bonnd.  Siirroy,  14,  pi.  8,  flgs.  t-4 
Sticma  o€*Uata,  GUMTUBR,  Cat,  U,  3t$9, 18W;  JokdaK  &  Eiosnmanh,  {.  c,  406,  pi.  4, 1880 


pi-  24.  flB.  X  tm. 

New  York. 

.183U. 
.1856. 


584.  SCIANA*  (Artedi)  Linnicns. 

(ULACK    l>ltUM8.) 

AMcnio,  part,  AmnDl,  Gcnora  riaciiiui  1738. 

Bdtma,  Liinuttrs,  Systama  Katnnc,  Bd.  x,  280,  1758  (umbra;  eirro«a). 


*  II  in  very  clitBciilt  to  ciraw  gencrli'  ellntiiictioim  In  thla  part  of  the  group  of  Seiantidir 
It  Is  IlkowiM  iiiinAllafar-tory  vot  (o  iittciu]>t  li>  draw  them,  uh  Urijo  gpiiipit  i«-Arr«<l,v  ikIiiiH 
of  ilutlnltion.  Wi!  liavf  tlw-ittcil  In  ndiiiit  pnn  iKloniilly  an  j;cij<Ta  <lie  luiDor  groups  nT 
fleUriiiilir  witli  [iiiijf  Kill  rakerit.  allieil  In  .llflli/fr  and  liairdirlln.  Atiiciii^  thuiw"  with 
abort  (Jill  rttkiTg.  wo  liuvt^  clumyn  lo  rotosnmj  Oi'liioicwn,  Seimiufu,  ami  rtruiloncitrnii, 
r«r«mni;  tliv  rt.st  l«  vav  (,'©iiu»  Seitrini,  a,  huieriitfenfxtuK  Kroiip  which  nin»  rl<,>w  to 
OphiiiKion  on  tbi>  iiiiv  hnnil.  himI  tlk'orp-i< fur  rruiii  itonth*-  nther.  .TnnUn and  Eicpniimon 
Oboervo:  Wotin- tompt^lliH]  loptait'  iti  it  .sirigti^  gciitis  the  ercat  hulk  of  Ihuso  S-imm/ir 
which  havii  abort  ^ill  rnkortv.  nirorinr  mouth,  nnil  no  barhtlH  un  tbo  lower  inw.  In  iinitr 
of  tbo  markvil  (Ulh^roni-Bii  lintwiH-ii  thv  i<!itroriR-»  of  the  MTifit.  the  InlvrgnMliition  in  t  Imr 
ai't^r^  tH  An  pvrt'i.ct  that  wt^  urf:^  iiduUU<  to  draw  any  Hharp  <llHthj<'li\'<'>  Huch  moiouic  Ihrni. 
Tlti.i  Is  ospocinlty  trne  wlidn  tlii«  .Vsiatic  si«iiin.  fiinnini;  Hi"  Rroiijw  calliMl  ttiUa  nn<\ 
Jnhntut.  arp  titki'a  inlii  jirrotiut.  It  i*  nUo  truf  that  otil*  r»f  tin*  spt'Clt's  of  Htiinliftiu 
(ehrytolfuea)  1h  very  t'liMi.  lu  siimn  nt  iMk  nn^rnbrrsof  Hie  prt'siint  (rr<>iii>.  In  thiAi'^Ac. 
boweviT,  tliorc  t>  iVully  uih-dlllcronre— thi>  iKifglb  of  tlu^  yill  rakvr*,  whlcL.  though  amall. 
ia  viinslaiit,  and  liolds  giMsl  In  all  llto  known  speritw. 

With  a  view  lo  tbs  disiovury  iil  a  basis  fur  gbiii'ric  stibdivision,  wet  have  e«p4<cially 
compared  tbi>  following  F«pi.*rirs:  Sciirna  iScurintpt)  octUaUi,  Scitrtia  (lUeiKfvtcitniai 
«</iiite.  Seitriia  iHiiiiii  ilwaittha.  iiMd  Krinrna  (Callati$)  delMnta.  It  lbr»ii  A|te<'ie«  iimid 
bo  sulisfiwMiirUy  arraui!<-d  in  (lil]<*ruut  iit-nrra.  it  wiinlil  hi*  comparalivi-ly  iraay  lo  find 
cbaraclora  on  wliiob  tu  fb'tatb  tbo  ratbi-r  raor*;  abi'rr»ut  types  of  Scuenti  '{uMhriti. 
Ohrilvtrfuui  {natitnia  Ai\i[  fAiiriaUi\,  tyjiiiiuKcitm.  n\n\  nlohtiitit. 

Tbi>  4  Blu'CipN  first  nx'utiDiitMl  a^^•'(^  in  tbr  pusiljon  of  tbi' nnul  tin.  I ta  aecnud  npllto  1* 
very  wi'ak  In  aquUn,  nnd  ailnBt<>'tn  tb<>  lirst  ray.  It  is  sMincwhat  so  iu  the  nthi<ra,  and 
it  is  not  lari;i>  in  any.  iu  Julininn  [ilutnonitri)  it  is  also  »mall.  Iiut  in  Seitma,  Ohntotrema, 
iM}d  OithlotciuH  It  Is  f'onsidi^raUly  iMilar^inl. 

Till-  scab!«  arK  sinallMt  in  ai'iniln.  hin;r«t  in  iterllala.  but  the  liilTerpncc  ia  not  aharp 
ontKa;£)i  to  warrant  iccnenc  itivlsion.  In  nil  4  of  iIm^  sprries  lirst  ffietitiotH'«1  \.\w  pn*- 
urbilAl  is  tlat  and  rntbur  brimd,  briMdi'sl  In  rlrliriojia  (7  in  hita<i>  and  narri)wi?at  in  aqutta 
(lOj).     lu  till*  oilier  forms  it  |»  gciiorully  still  broader  and  inoro  gibbons. 

The  alits  and  purrs  about  tbo  HUont  arc  distlni't  in  oeelUila  and  rl*<»'io«<i,  Utile  nuirkiil 
lu  diacaniha  ami  ni"ar1y  or  iinili*  obsoloto  in  mjuiia.     In  Jtihniun.  ikuena.  Oheilatrama  awl 


thftiiniicion  the.'^f'  nro  inoro  or  Irsa  dlstinrt. 
In   all  tilt 


lio  4  spiolca  ib<i  iiioiilli  i»  of  niii(lcr»to  aiii',  slljshllT  oblique,  with  tbo  lownr.law 
lui'ludwd,  tbo  mitMllary  riMu-bini;  lo  opposito  liii<  poutnriar  border  of  Ibt'  eyo.  The  moulb 
U  largQst  tu  octitata,  saialtoul  lu  O'/uilii.     In  all  tbo  otbvra  (Oijhiveiim.otc.i  the  ujoutli  i* 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fisfus  of  North  America.     1455 


^ 


VaAniiu,*  Bloch,  lehthfologi*,   x,   107,  n»3  (raru«a,   etc.,   reitrirtrd   by   Dr.  GiU  to 

canifla.) 
Seuma,  VvyifA,  R6gna  Animkl.  YA.  t.  2V7.  1817  (rMtrictcd  to  Artona  umbta.  n  I.inttn-nii 

•pnclr«,  and  In  Seierna  aquiia,  a  noa-Llnnipui  one)  (not  of  R^gne  Animal,  Ed.  ii.  u  tiirli 

i*  VirMdoieiama,  Blocb;  typt).  a'/iiiVn). 
Hota,  flIA.<*CI8  IIaMILTdx,  FinIiiM  of  Ibe  llaHKen  1822  (roi'tor,  ptf.). 
CurniMi.  CrviKD,  U^trno  Anininl,  Eil.  II.  Vol.  'J,  1829  [nigra    umbra). 
ChfiMrfma.  TsriiUlu,  t'liuDii  Piiruaua,  FiNcbu,  13,  1S4S  (/aieiuCum). 
lihinumioit,  GILL,  l>rw.  Ac.  Nat.Sci.  Pbila.  1861.85  {iatumut). 
f'oUauji,  JoKDiN,  Kevieur  S<  Lruidii',  393.  1889  (iltlieuituii . 

Body  ob]on||]:,  tlio  back  iuori>  or  less  ele\  at«il  iind  cnmprftsswl ;  iimntli  low, 
ratlier  sniall ;  the  snout  with  i'uiiB[iicnoua  ttlita  and  poreo,  the  lower  jaw 
included;  teotb  in  hnnds  iu  both  Jawg,  the  outer  enlarged  above;  pre- 
o|M!rcle  with  a  creiiuliite  nu'iiibriiiijtpeouB  ed^t«,  Init  without  bony  serrm  iu 
youug  or  old;  {{ill  rakers  slinrt  and  tbiik,  rather  fow  ;  hivvct  ph.irvujjpals 
miidornte,  separate,  with  bliiiitish  teeth;  Kot't  ilorHiil  lon^,  ann)  short; 
cuiidal  fin  varioim;  spcoud  iiiml  fljiiue  v,iri<ni».  .S[ip('ien  very  numerivuB, 
viiryinjj  greatly  iinion^;  theiusolveH,  mostly  bolonfjiug  to  tho  <ihl  World, 
(^nii'ita,  the  aucieut  name  uf  Sciana  umbra;  froiu  Ohio,  shiido.) 

CAMjir«  <Calliu),  I'eni) : 

a.  SeeoDd  anal  «(pln«  umall  find  ulendor,  IJ  in  hend;  Ixxlj'  cnniprexwil.  toeth  of  lower 

Jaw  uiieqnal,  gill  nikc^rH  Hlendur,  durkal  ant!  aonl  acab**!  at  litiac  un\y  ,  dcptli  3. 

D.  X-I.  a.     Llolor  nilver.v.  DKl.lri08*,  1837. 

am.  StMwni]  unul  Rpino  luugandatoat,  2  lu3iith«a<I;  back  elevated ;  muulb  »uiall.    Culur 

duitky. 

CHKlIXmUMA  {\tTXa%,  lip;  Tpiifin,  pore): 

&.  Vcrlioul  firiH  low,  tin/  uriubraui-tt  of  doraal  ami  aual  cbxiely  scaled ;  raudal  Hu  liiuati', 
tbi'  upper  lube  tbe  longer, 
e.  DoTwl  rmya  £-1, 27  or  38:  anont  niwleratcly  blunt.  mtusha,  1838. 


Subgenus  CALLAUS,  iTordan. 
ISS7.  S(Ii:?SA   IIKLirmSA  (TwbudI). 

TIead3;  depth  31*0;  eye  oi  in  hf-ad ;  snoiitH-  1>.X-I,23;  A. II, 9;  scaler 
50.  Hend  and  body  coin  pressed,  the  back  arched,  the  oiitlino  ol)IonK-i'Hip- 
ticai;  proiile  straightisb,  nitber  steej);  Huont  bluntiab;  eye  rather  Isirge, 
tm  wide  u  tbe  broad  prforbital ;  siit^  and  pores  on  snoot  anteriorly  well 


'  aim  KiuallLT.     Tlio  iijiiior  Ipotli  iiri'  iivarly  nlike  in  .ill  uf  tbi-M-:  ut  tbi>  4  iiieiitjuiii'd.  they 
NirelKr^rKt  in  duteantha.  fma\\e»lin  dtlitiota.     In  aome  EshI  Indian  iipcM:k-g  (r<>ft>riil>l«  t» 
Hula  ')  thoso  lc«lh  arp  still  luriicr,  ^uuu  uf  tbi'iu  almu«t  ('Jinlnclikc. 

The  luwi-r  twill  arc  mtb>.'r  birm'.  atid  •  liii'tly  uni"crial  in  'liacanllni  uiid  iitber  ppri  ica  of 
BMn.  In  2  or  3  rown.  tbu  iniiiT  i*nlart;t-'il  in  dflicivta  iiuil  aijnilti ;  in  u  linmd  liunil,  nonw  of 
[  tbo  in*''-'  '■'■''■•-'■''  in  orrWu'a.     Iu  JvhiiiuM,  i'ltrilotreina.  >K-ii(na,  anil  must  of  tbe  ffin-clea 
I  of  l>i  ■   lowor  tiKlh  art'  in  a  liroad  bniwl  ami  H|nal. 

I'll  u  nhurply  M'rralc  in  yiintb.  bi'couiiu^'  I'livirc  with  ugv  iu  ocrllala.     la 

n       '  ..K".  U  cri.'uiiliitc  in  V""lli,  bproinlotf  Hnally  inliri'.    In  <liornnt''a  it  remains 

■  i'n-nnlnli>.     In  drticuna  tin"  prpii|«'nlc  is  i-dpcd  by  tliio  tli-xiblp  acrrir.     In 

'  1  Ite  prwi|ttTfle  is  alwavN  sharply  M^rnil*.     \m  Sriima,  i'heilutrtma.aM^Juhniti* 

II  1.,  Ill  >>  ,1  -.  •iitirt'.  or  at  l<'aj<t  wiihont  bony  nerratiiripi. 

Anionc  till'  4  NiuM'iMi  llnil  nirntiontMl,  tbi-  eill  riiki'rn  arc  HnulluAt  in  ili<t<;nn(/ia  iX  -f  7), 
irlicn  I  hoy  arc  nnort  and  thiik.  tlie  lnn|."'J!il  not  (  tin'  pupil.  Tticy  arc  longUHt  In  lUli- 
etdJii.  wlicn  they  nrw  sli-ndcr  U  +  12),  as  liinR  ii»  pupil.  In  a.juila  and  otfltatti  tbry  an- 
X  ■  8  or  9,  rulhrr  nlfoilcr  .iiid  «hoi-t.  about  I  |pn);th  ul'  pii[}il.  In  moMl  of  thti  nptM-lca  of 
tbe  other  untupA  (r«/i/iiu«M"».  ctr.)  tlier  ant  very  few.  iibiirt  and  tbirkiith.  nauiilly  not 
iDori'  (ban  \  the  bn;;!!)  of  thi;  piinll.  The  form  of  ibc  biMly  otl'iTS  iiotbiiit;  wbicb  can  l>e 
nscil  for  ^feni'rir  disilini'tion.  an  lin-  int<irKra<bition8  are  rery  perfect.  The  aanie  can  be 
aald  of  fbc  fiimi  and  Ihc  vipiainiitlon  of  th«>  linn. 

In   tbe  privKMit  pajifr  w«  bavn   withdrawn  Ophio^einn,  Sriiriwiit.  and    l'ir\nirntci(rnn. 
rofrrrinj;  the  other  f(»nnn  to  .^ciiriin. 
'  Muaed  for  Jobu,  an  curly  uiiitiHiuuary  iu  'i'ramiucbar. 


145C  Dullclin^Y'  United  States  NationaJ  Museum. 

developed;  maxillAry  extending  to  middle  of  pnpil,  3^  in  he»d;  motitb 
rather  Inrge,  a  little  obliqiif,  the  lower  jaw  slightly  iiicladed;  preopercle 
finely  and  evenly  serrate,  tbo  (mttso  llexible  uud  not  b<iuy;  gill  rakers 
slender  mid  vi-ry  short,  scarcely  as  long  as  pupil,  x-|-  13  in  number;  teeth 
ill  iiiodenitc  b:inds,  tiome  of  the  outer  aioilerately  eular^etl  above,  Mum-  of 
rbe  iiineroaoH  below,  these  siniillrr  thsin  those  of  the  npper  j»w  ;  soft  dorsal 
and  ivnal  scaled  at  base  only;  dorsal  Kpines  moderate:  secoud  anal  spinu 
Ainall,  \\  in  head.  Ciliidnl  linint«,  its  upper  lobe  the  longer;  pectoral 
loiif;,  \\^  in  bea<l ;  color  bluish  abdve  witb  fnint  dark  horizoiitill  tttreakii, 
fidiowin^  the  rnws  of  scales ;  axil  dark;  fins  pale.  I'acitic  coast  of  South 
Aiiieric;!.  Ironi  Taiiama  to  Pern.  Said  to  be  one  of  the  most  abundant  food- 
liabes  on  the  coast  <>f  Peru.  Most  of  the  speviiuens  examine<l  are  from 
Culliio,  hut  a  few  from  Panama      {M\c\o*%»,  delicious.) 

Camilla  ditituiia,  Tscartii,  Fuuda  Porasua  I<>lith.,  8,  IMS,  Peru. 

Seiana  <trUc%uta.  (iONTBER.  Cut.,  II,  206,  IgSO;  Jobuas  &:  ElOINllAini,  I.  r.,  -406,  18W. 

Subgenus  CHEILOTREMA,  Tacliudi. 
1NS8.  SriJESA  KATIIB3IA*  (Gimrd). 


I 


(Rm  RoHCAOORi  Black  CvnAXBa.) 

Hpad  3?  ;  depth  n  ;  e.vo  I  too  in  head.  P.  X-I,  27;  A.  Tl,  7;  srales  l(t-W 
to  GO-17.  V'eitiral  tins  low,  tuurh  lower  than  in  Sriivna  iitnltra,  the  uieni- 
braues  of  the  donuil  and  anal  closely  scaled;  cainLal  (iii  lunate,  the  upper 
lobe  the  longer;  snout  moderately  blunt,  iiiiicli  less  obtuse  than  tlie  related 
Peruvian  8i>ocio8  Srinna  fusriat<\,  31  in  lu-ad ;  l>nily  oJilong,  the  back  cou- 
Bidernl)ly  elevated ;  profile  Ntcep,  the  n;ip«'  convex  ;  proorbital  broad,  nearly 
08  wide  08  eye;  teeth  as  In  Scxenn  irmiird,  the  bands  broader;  pbarynseal 
teeth  all  ctmie,  the  inner  scries  inoro  or  less  enl.'*rged;  gill  rakers  short, 
thick,  6 -fit;  dnrsul  spineH  gradiiitlly  sLorteneii  behind  the  third,  which  is 
2t<i21in  bead;  ventrals  short,  lj[  in  bend;  middleraysof  soft  dorsal  longest, 
21  in  bead ;  fiecoud  anal  spiue  lung  and  stout,  *J  to  2^  in  head,  not  quite 
reacLiug  to  ti]>  of  last  ray;  lirst  anal  rays  scarcely  elongate,  about  2  in 
bead ;  peetoralM  broait,  H  to  1  i  in  head  ;  all  scale-s  of  bead  strongly  ctcnoiil ; 
a  scaly  slieath  at  lta.so  of  anal  and  soft  dorsal;  caudal  slightly  convex,  its 
uiiilrtlo  rays  longest,  (,'olor  blueki»h,  with  coppery  luster,  each  scale  with 
a  clusterof  dark  poiuts ;  an  obscure,  liroud.  pale  cross  band  extending  down- 
ward I'roni  front  of  soft  dorsal  to  tips  of  veiitr.'ils,  this  often  fading  with 
age;  (ins  rather  dark,  belly  silvery,  ducted  with  dark  specks;  suborbital 
region  coppery,  witb  round,  dark  dots;  nu-mbrane  about  angle  of  oi>ercle 
jet  black;  tips  of  ventral  and  anal  bluek.  Coast  of  Southern  t'alifomia, 
from  Santa  Barbarsk  to  ferros  Island.  A  food-lisb  of  some  importance, 
reaching  n  length  of  15  inches.    («a(Mrni«s,  dnskjr,  eatnmine,} 

Amblmlon  nalumut,  (tiBAJUi,  U.  B.  Pse.  B.  R.  Sarvoy,  X,  08, 1S58,  San  DiefO,  California. 
(Cull.  A.  Civ-slity.) 


*  Alllrij  to  MilssnoclM  i«  .'icutiia/atciata(T»chmU),u  l»THf  N|H>rie»  of  tliprnut  urreni, 
wUlt  u  viry  heavy  head.  Tlw  Barotwoit  SeUlrtt*  umAM,  Linua-uit,  is  aJau  closely  relatod, 
tlio  VLTticnl  Uiia  much  lilgli«r. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishfs  of  North  Amtrica,     1457 


lOwvoMi  ur«*afa»r  i«BK.  SnixDACusEa.  Ichth.  IMtr^  rtn.  S,  m».  Sui  Dicce  T-n,| 

I  MiMnM.  GCxTBCa.  Cal.  flali..  it,  388,  1860. 
'  Mkin—tiim  mtunia.  Gnj.  Piw.  Ar.  N«t.  Sii.  PhOa.  lec  17. 

1  ••fttriMI.  JlADAX  ii  GtLBKBT,  Synot>ais.  571  1883;  JOKDAX  It  KnOOCAlHI,  I.  «^  40g, 
«',  JOBD.4JI  A  GlLBUR,  S.vnopaU,  &n,  18S3. 

585.  RONCADOR,  Jordan  AGUbert. 
RaneaAor,  JomDAX  &  GlUiBBT.  I'Tor.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mn«.  1880.  28  Irtrartuiy 
I  This  genus  •oniaia*  a  ainjCflc  species,  a  large  Sritpnoid  of  tbf  Culifomia 
euaat.  mnch  retteinbliii^  Jplodinoliui  gmnHienM  and  having  similar  teeth, 
rxocpt  that  the  lower  pharyngenls  are  separate,  {rovcador.  j^nuiti-r,  the 
Spanish  iiarne,  one  of  general  application  to  these  Ash&s,  but  on  the  C'ali- 
fKtraisi  i-oaat  natnl  mont  particularly  for  the  present  ^nus.) 

I8W.  lO-TCADOK  KTEiLRVSI  (Stfindarlinrr). 
(EOHCADOB.) 

TTead  3J  to  S'\ ;  depth  3  to  34;  eye  G  in  head;  unont  3A.  I>.  X-I,  24 ;  A.  II 
8;  scaled  7-6<V12.  Body  oMong,  lif.ivy  forwiir.l;  the  h.-ick  elovated  and' 
roiupreased;  profile  long,  steep,  and  convex,  abrnptly  rounded  at  the 
sooat;  snout  very  blunt,  about  eijnal  to  the  interorbital  apace;  mouth 
moilerate,  low,  subinferior.  th«  InwRr  jaw  inrlnde<l;  maxillary  '2ft  tn  head 
reaching  at  least  to  below  middle  of  eye;  proorbita!  nearly  aM  Itroad  aa 
eye;  teeth  in  both  jiiws  in  broatJ  rilliform  bands,  none  of  them  enlarged* 
lower  pharyngeals  l.irge,  with  many  rounded  molnrs,  thf  outer  series  and 
Ik  patch  ill  the  outer  eoruer,  composed  of  villifoim  teeth ;  ni]]  rakerM 
slender,  rather  whort,  Kl-fKJ;  posterior  margin  of  preoporile  with  short 
stout  teeth;  dorsal  spines  strong,  the  longest  1'  in  head;  cuiidal  luniite, 
the  upper  lobe  the  longer;  second  alia!  sjiine  stout,  'Si  in  bead;  jicctoials 
nineh  longer  than  ventrals,  about  as  long  as  head;  males  below  lateral 
line  in  slightly  obliiino  series.  Color  giayisb  silvery,  with  bluish  luster 
some  streiiks  of  dark  point*  along  the  rows  of  scales;  breast  and  belly 
with  two  dusky  loiigitudiniil  streaks;  a  very  couspicuous  jet-black  spot 
as  large  as  eye  at  ba.se  of  pectoral;  iixil   and  lining  of  gill  cavity  black. 

•  The  nominal  ■])««!<!•,  called  Oorvina  JaeobI,  deseritied  from  yonnj;  MpveimoiiH  uIicd  at 
8aD  IJirgo.  is  doiititlfM  identical  with  Vurciiui  salunia.  Tiip'nnlv  dilli>r>-oi'«  iii(llr«te<l 
liy  SIcliidiicliii.r  wliieli  eouJd  Imve  an}-  «.Ti"ii«  inipoilmuc  i»  in  tlio  fDli.nitiiiii.  In  tlin 
■|K.ric((  of  JliriiKiltm,  Anii'itinnut,  anil  otliiT  niiatoKOiiH  tT.niiia  t)ii>  yoiiiit;  often  Imvc 

.•uclly  the  iiDloraiioii  aj<Hi(;iMil  I<>  <Vi«Tiria  joc'.W,  wlille  tin-  iiduJt  niuv  be  vi-rv  difTerenllv 

|E^iarki-d.     We  liiivi.  not  •i'<-ii  llio  >  cry  youn;;  uf  iolitrnn.  (ml  linvi.  no'doilbt  ttiat  it  |iii«iW''i) 

""^niiith  the    'jiiruW  cnlurnliirii  in  tluMournc  of  ita  lifvi'lupnjent. 
The  fiillowiiin  iH  till'  «ul»(l«n<i'of  Dr.  .SteinducliniT  «  d«iw-ri|ilioD' 
Hisvl  ;i:  d.|.l)i  3.    P.  .\   I.  i7:  A.  II.  8;  rcbIm  11-,VH6.     Itodv  mmleratcly  clevalisl 

_jMiiith  misloml"',  nilher  iiiforinr;  iii.-ixilUry  rfauliini;  middle  of  t^vv;  oii(,t  ruwa  of  tecih 
In  ea.li  Jaw  »liiu<l.r,  noiufviiiiil  eiiiarKfd,  ll»i»«  in  llm  iipiwr  Jnw  iniicli  largir  liiini  in 
lownr.  jirwjpcrc-lc  dnuly  aurratti.  Dornol  KiiiiiBn  v«>ry  *Icndfri  tbe  foiirtlj  1  Il>iiij(1i  of 
ht^i.  hiphi-r  tlmii  t1ii>  noft  r;iys;  Acrond  una!  wpini-  nirjrn  tliaii  twk't*  as  ntriinr  an  linrHal 
■pines,  in  liinc  ai  from  nilildlc  ol  eyp  to  r.lgc  of  op<rtlc.  low  ,-t  timn  tlm  wift  rav«  Caudal 
tj-umalo  or  i«lij;Iilly  ninciivtf:  pi'cloralH  i-liorl.  r  llian  vt'iitraln,  tlie  tlrnt  myof  tlii>  latter 
lieinij  lilanicnloiiK.  Stiilen  on  IhmIv  atid  luiid  ■'Ifmiit!.  Stlrcry  yiay,  d«rlt<T  aliovr  H 
dark  lirnwii  loii^'ilndinal  »lripo»  aliinj;  HidcK,  llic  Iowit  l)ro«d<'«'t,  e^lt-milng  froni  evf  to 
niiddlc  of  iBiidal,  thi'  miildli-  one  riiiininK  to  npiiKr  i-d);r  of  >ait,  tlir  nppcr  to  mdtdoraal- 
■  eliiw  tlie»i'  •tripes  .ire  iioiiKllme"  fwlder  onrn.  liraidex  liniwnluli  linoa  loUuwiiii;  tlif  rnva 
rscolcs:  flUJiplBio,  more  or  Icbh  piiiii!tiilatv:  markin;;*  prolMldv  Iran  dlatim-l  in  Ihrultill 


1458  BtiUetin  //,  United  Slates  National  Museum. 


('oaatof  southom  California,  north  t4>  8anta  liarbara,  freni-rallj  conunon; 
a  fooit-lisli  of  Bonie  iiiipi>rtaiic«,  reiioliiii^  ;i  weight  of  5  or  6  pouotla.  The 
lilnt-k  ocelliiH  on  the  boHe  of  tlu>  |>i<('tnral  flu  in  this  species  is  as  character- 
JHtic  lui  tbitt  at  the  bafl«  of  tbe  ramlal  in  ScUrnopB  ov«llulu».  (Named*  for 
Robert  E.  0.  .Steama,  tbe  well-known  cunubolo(;i8t,  tbon  of  San  Pranrueo.) 

Oirrina  tiranui.  STEl.vUACnNsit,  Irhtli.  Rritr  ,  iii,  Zi.  1875,  Sao  Oiego. 
/(nnnufftr  j(i<arii«a,  JoKOAK  A-.  UlLHEKT.  Proo.  U.S.  Nat.  Mu*.  18811,  20:  .Iiirh.vx  A  (.•IMIftDT, 
SjrnulMM.  572,  1883;  Jukdan  &  KloaN'MA.vN.  I.e.  408,  pi.  5.  IHiiD. 


586.  LBIOSTOMUS,  l.ac.:prde. 

((t<M1IUK8.) 

Ltiotlomut,  I.Acfcpf-.DK,  HilLliHt.  I'oinit..  IV,  490.  IHDS  (nKiCAunu). 
LinilJimiiM,  OiLU  Proc.  Ac.  X»t.  Sci.  188:i,  03  |«>rreoted  (irtlmiirnpliy). 

Rocty  obl(m<»,  ovate,  tlic  buck  co]n])reKseil ;  bead  obtuse:  mouth  amalTT' 
horizontjil,  tho  ii|i|K-r  jaw  ivith  a  band  »if  feeblo  tectb,  the  lower  nearly  or 
nuito  tootbless;  Blits  and  port'sof  upper  jaw  well  developt<d  ;  lower  phar- 
,vii){eula  81'pfiriitt',  this  ti'cth  paved;  proopeiclo  with  ;«  nienibmnaceona bor- 
iWt;  dorsul  Biiines  It>,  slender,  riither  liisli,  tbe  Iswt  eonnei-ted  with  tbe 
Hoft  rays;  fiiiftdorRal  iiiid  ;iniil  Juiik;  nua!  Hpinea  2,  the  ftocnnd  not  largo; 
cuiidiil  tin  eiii.'irKiiiiit)';  K'^'  uieriibr^iiieti  sli^btly  connected;  gill  raker* 
steuder.  TbtH  jtenits  iw  iliKtin;;viiii)ied  fn>m  !^<w«a  cliiefly  by  the  oU8ol«s»- 
ctMice  of  tho  tooth  in  tlie  l()wi>r.ju,w,  niMl  by  t]ii<  more  p:ived  t<«>tb  <if  tho 
pliHryug<<iilH.  The  aoJ't  rnys  of  the  darsiil  fin  and  eMjiecially  of  the  anal 
!iro  Riuni  nuujorotiM  than  in  related  nT'iup*".  *Jne  ajiecii*.  (Af.,05,  nmooth ; 
liroiut,  mniitb — tbe  muuth  havini;  been  originally  described  as  tnothlose. ) 


* 


(Spot,  Gimidt;  Poutcruakbu:  oi.nwtrK;  LArArcTTB  ) 

Head  3i^  to  3i;  depth  3;  auont  3i  to  3^  I).  X-I,  31;  A,  IT,  12;  sralrs 
9-60  til  70-IL!.  Hody  short,  deep,  much  ciimpressed;  book  in  front  of  dor- 
sal c;(juiiire»8e(l  U)  .1  ehtirp  edjff;  prolilo  atee[i,  convex,  depressed  over  the 
eyes;  dorsal  outline  convex,  hi)j;he«t  at  front  of  dorsul;  snout  very  blunt. 
Its  long  as  eye,  3i  to  3}  in  lieiid;  nioiitb  stiiull,  inferior,  tiori^ontal ;  maxil- 
lary.'* in  head,  extending  to  below  pupil;  no  teeth  in  lower  jaw,  in  the  adnlt; 
upjier  jaw  wiHi  a  sori^.s  uf  nuriDW  iiiiinite  teetb  ;  yill  rakers  short,  slender, 
«-|-32;  lower  pliarynfieulu  buuiII,  with  three  series  of  inol.irs  posteriorly 
and  many  villifonn  teetb  anteriorly ;  iiiei>i«erelr- entire;  preorbital  broad, 
1^  in  eye;  third  diirsiil  t^piiio  tligbe^<t,  1)  in  bond;  soft  dorsal  with  tbe 
Hheatli  at  its  base  formed  by  a  single  series  of  scales;  caudal  long  and 
forked,  as  lung  as  head;  anal  long  mid  slightly  rnleate;  second  anal  spine 
'2i  ill  the  IrMigest  v&y,  -tin  bead;  ventrals  i  shorter  than  pectorals,  which 
are  as  lung  as  tho  head ;  scales  small,  strongly  ctenoid,  extending  on  cau- 


'  '*  Inh  erlttTibo  niir,  (limn  »«»  cli-irakter  Uch  pr/.oiclineU!  Art  niciiiom  vrrotirton  Fronnile. 
Herm  K.  ('.  Slearim,  oinaiu  <ler  tItlillgKtcii  iinil  luTViirragenilnU'ii  .Mit^linltirdrrcalirarDl' 
Krlii'ii  AkiiilomU'  <ler  Notnrn-inai-uiX'liArti-n  iiU  /.picliKH  iiiflner  tloehaohttji  tu  widrooii." 
(Sleinilurhner.) 

t  The  iiunK«  xnnlhurtiM  in  mn  nufortginnle  ono,  i\n  In  tlnn  MiMK-ipH  tlii«  rjiiulfti  fin  U  nevt*r 
ynlUiw.  'I'lii*  uaiQii  cjinie  jibinit  thniiigh  mnruaiou  with  tiairdieita  ehrynira,  in  vliich 
n|Hii:io.i  llie  i-aii(lul  lin  in  Imght  yolluw. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1450 


dal  and  IwRe  of  peotorala  bnt  nnt  on  otb«r  flns;  lateral  line  little  carved 

anteriorly ;  siales  brlnw  Ititi-ral  line  in  nbliqne  series,  Color  hluigh  above, 
nilverj-  below;  iibont  15  iiartuwilurk  wavy  Viaiulu  (^xtcuiliii^  Irnni  thedor- 
Kill  ilowiiward  utk)  fnrwaid  to  below  latoru]  liiii';  a  round  black  hiiiiicnil 
Bpot  rntber  smnlliT  than  rxe;  finajdiitn  ii'livacfouB.tlin  caiidul  iioty«!low, 
Tbix  Rpecien  ia  one  of  tbo  most  i-utiiitioii  fond  liHiicH  of  our  Southern  coiiBt, 
being  an  excellent  pun  lisli.  Notwithstanding  thr  nunje-roim  nomiiiiil  spe- 
cies wliich  aiitliors  liaMi  ret'ojfuizncl,  tlicr«  i8  no  i-viilcnca  whatever  of  tlie 
existence  of  mure  tliiili  otie  MjiecicB  of  l.eu>ilomM»  on  our  tnuMtts.  South 
Atlnntic  niid  Gulf  conHtu  of  United  8tati-a;  Capo  Cod  to  Texas;  once 
doiibtfnlly  recorded  from  Martiniquo."     (^avOti?.  yellow;  6vfjd,  tail.) 

Ltioilmnvt  zanlliurvt,   hAc^lMXbB,  Ilj.il.  Nat  roisB..  IV,  i.M.  pi.  III.  lig.  I.  IWi,  Carolina: 

Ct-VIER  &  VALKXrlENNRtl.  Kikt.  Nat   Poiiu.,  V,  14S,  18.10:  JORDA.V  it.  (injlBBT,  S>1iap. 

■ia,  674,  1883;  Jordan  ii  EkiENMANN,  I.  e.,  400.  |,l.  0.  IHtiS. 
Unyil  vbUi/uiu.  MiTClinx,  Trium.  Lit.  anil  I'liil.  Sor.  Ni-w  Ynik  1815,  405.  New  York. 
Sciania  mull\fntci<tl<i,   LEhrKCS.  Juiirn.  Ar.   Nut.  t4oi,  I'liilu  .  t[,  1821.  ZTiS,  eait  Florida 
,  (Coll.  Mcflnre,  Ord,  Say  &  roalu). 

\ltnmu4 hwntTaKt,  Ccvieb  &  VALKNcmxTni!,  HUt.  Nat.  roisn    v,  Ml,  \>\    liu,  IKiO. 

New  York. 
nvmiiyriiMi  zaiilhiirtit.   HOUIROOK,  Ivbthyol.  S.  CoTulitia,  Ed.  I,  170.  llUiC,  (ilHABti,  V   S 

itml  Me.x.  Bound.  Survny,  11.  1860. 
Sruriiaxanthiinit.  GCmiiku,  Cat.,  n,  288.  1800. 

I^oitomuA  obtujuuM.  DkKay,  Now  York  Faana:  Fiitbna,  SB,  |>1.  BU,  lie.  I**^.  IU2. 
Hciima  uMd/Ud,  GOrrBS*.  Cat .  \l.  'i88,  1860. 

587.  PACHYPOPS,  Oill. 


I'nchypuju.  G11.I..  I'roc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  I'hila    IHOl.ST  {lrifitU\. 

Krosh-xviiter  .Sciiciioids  of  Guiana  and  Itrazil,  chmely  .'lilied  to  *>i>hiosc'wn, 
but  with  Btuall  b:irbelH  in  a  tuft  at  the  HyiupliytdH  ut  lowor  jaw;  teeth 
feeble;  preorbitol  serrate;  mouth  very  Htuall,  inferior;  pruorhital  tiir^rid 
and  caveruonB,  more  or  less  triiitBlucetit;  lirst  doraal  nither  short,  the 
Rpiucs  feeble;  anal  Hliort,  with  weak  Mpiiies;  nofr  ilorHai  long;  cnndal  liu 
rhombic ;  soft  partn  of  vertical  liua  clost.dy  Healed.  Very  cliwe  to  fachyiiniK, 
AgaMiz,  another  South  .\niori<'an  fresh-water  Keniis,  from  wliieh  /'ai'lifipojit 
diffen only  in  the  presence  of  barbels.  (a-(«j;i'5.  tliiek;  ('a-u,  below;  <,)(^, 
eye.) 

1841.  PACHTPOPS  |-|:RCI{.F.rs  (haKt-pMtM. 

He»d  3J;  depth  4.  D.  X-I,  25  to  27;  A.  II,  «;  scale.*  58.  Maxillary 
scarcely  reaobing  front  of  eye,  its  length  I  to  4^  in  bend ;  burbeU  3,  minute 
(HOmctiines  ubflolete);  snout  prominent,  bliiut,  '2\  in  bead;  eye  very  large, 
3  in  head;  mouth  very  small,  overlapped  Ity  the  tiirj{id  preorbittil;  teeth 
sniall,  oi|Ti:il;  gill  rakers  very  small ;  nnft  dorsiil  and  aual  I'nmpletely 
BcaJed;  ])eetoralH  1*  iu  head;  luudal  rboiubi"-,  IJJ  in  heail ;  second  au.il 
Kpine  2^  in  bcAd;  limgeht  dorual  Bjiinej  11.  Color  iiuifnrm  diiHky,  puler 
below;  dorxaJM  punctate  with  Kl.ii'k.  Hiversaud  eHtnaries  from  Giiiiina  t<i 
I'ruguay;  comnum  in  braekiHli  or  fresh  waters.  According  to  l»r.  Berg  it 
is  found  in  Umguayiu  brack iftb,  uever  in  frejth  waters.    Thr  Hjioeinien  here 


•  ('>tteeKp*»t>«  nVat  paj^  1ioriit*f«  a  rAiinVriipir  wpti'titrirniuli^;  ihhih  1  avunn  r<v;iHMle  ilar 
liniqiii',  par  M.  I'U-i'.     (Cm'inr  4  Valenfii-iineii  I 


14G0  BuUftin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 

described  from  Rio  N«gro  (Coll.  J.  C.  Fletcher.)    (Named  in  honor  of  a 

French  niitunilist,  Fonrcroi,  who  traveled  in  Brazil.) 

rtrta  furenra.  LACtPftDK.  Hixt.  Nat.  PoiM,,  iv,  308,  414,  1802,  Surinam. 

Cvrrina  Mtnba,  (.'I'VIEK  &.  Valbnoie.m(1C8,  Hint.  Nat.  Poiiw..  v.  112.  1830.  baliitat not kbdwn. 

Corrina  /iircrma,  Cl'VISJi  A;  VALKKCIKNNEa,  Hl.it.  Nat.  Poles.,  V,  HI,  1830. 

r'aehitiioin/urerofui.  Steini).\ch,sek,  Ileitr.  iiir  Ki^nnluiiiii  Si^in-uoidKO  nntstlii-ut.  7,  jil.  I, 

ISflJi  Jordan  &  Eioenjianm,  f.  «,,  llS;  Bcbo.  Anu.  Mii».  nui-noa  Ainu  I8ti5,  53. 
FiuMffunu/urerrruM.  .STKIKItACIIMEM.  Ti-litb.  I5«>itr.,  VIll,  12.  1H79. 
I'aehj/pop*  bitoba,  STSINUACaNEit,  Iclith.  Notiz..  206.  1804. 

588.  GENYONEMUS,  Uill. 

Omgcnemut,  Gtu,  Proc.  Ar.  Nat.  St'i.  Phlla.  IMl.  87  (Utualui). 

Body  «loii)rate,  moderately  rojiipressed,  tbo  buck  little  olcvat€<d;  liea«l 
oblonj;,  the  «nout  ahriijitly  decurvod  ;  i\ve8  modemu*,  tmterior:  preoiwrclo 
with  :i.  tr»?tmlatiMl  nieriibniiiaceoimedKe;  mouth  ratln-r  largi',  subterminai, 
tuommwbitt  oblique;  lower  jaw  with  several  very  small  barbels  and  with  a 
few  Inrjjo  pores,  the  barbels  »»  very  small  as  to  be  refttlilv  overlookett,  enpe- 
daily  in  froah  Hpociiiit>n« ;  tec tli  i>r|iia],  in  villiform  brmdc ,  tht<  antj-riorseries 
Bcarrel.v  tMiIai%'(>d  :  lir.st:  dnrHal  imiisii;i)Iy  lon«i,  with  alinnt  1,3  spines;  anal 
with  2s[)iiK>N,  tho  second  Hlinrt  .and  fepbl(>;  i-auditl  eriiiirt;inato;  pharyiigtal 
bones  and  Irrtb  as  m  Microjtogon;  air  bliwldcr  simple;  k'H  rakers  slender, 
rathiT  lung.    8i7.L' small.     (^eVti;,  lower  jaw;  yi}ua,  hirUel.) 

IMS.  GENTONKXITK  LIXEiTITK  (AyrM). 
fLlTTLK  ItnXCAUOR;  KiKririsii:  Choaker.) 

Head  3i  to  3};  depth  •^  to  3i(;  i-ye  5Ji;  snout  I.  I).  XIII-T,  21  or  32;  A. 
II,  11 ;  8calu.H7-ril-in.  Body  nbloiig.  «(miewhatroui]iri'H«ed,  the  bai-k  little 
elevnteil:  pmfilo  little  runvi'x,  rather  abruptly  deciirved  at  the  snont; 
moiitli  Mibinlcrinr,  somi'whut  i)blti|iit^;  muxillary  3  in  head,  rc-aching  pos- 
terior margin  nf  pii|ii].  luwcr.juw  included;  teeth  in  villirorni  bands,  tho 
outer  Ben«'w  abnvti  Hlj^riitiy  eiiiargod;  chin  with  5  small  pores  and  2  seriee 
ol'raiuuto  barbels;  preorbital  ir  width  of  eye;  jneoperclt'  with  a  r'renulate 
meaibranous  border;  opercb<  with  radiatiiig  stria*;  jjill  rakers  short  and 
slender,  li-fLHl;  third  dorsal  spine  hijfbest,  li  to  2  iit  hi-ad ;  lirstsoft  rays 
of  dorsal  highest,  decreasing  iti  height  to  th)^  last;  landal  tiinatf;  lirst 
ventral  ray  pmilured  lis  a  litanient,  l\  in  brad;  peetoral  slightly  longer 
thiin  vi'ntraU;  hiuIcs  hirgo,  strongly  ctenoid,  thimo  below  latiTal  line  in 
hori7.nnt.ii  series.  Color  silvery  with  brasny  ln«terand  bhiek  piinetulatiotis, 
these  roriuing  I'aiitt,  ob1ir|iii-  dark  lines  along  the  rotv.s  iif  scales;  lius  yel- 
lowish;  a  black  axillary  spot,  nsually  eonspiciioua.  Coast  of  southern 
California;  Sun  Francisco  tn  CerroB  Island;  generally  common  along  the 
coast  of  southern  California.  A  food-lisli  of  some  importanee,  of  gooti 
qaality,  but  soft  .ind  not  keeping  well,  (iini-utiiii,  stri]iijid.) 
Leiinlnmiu  linfatiu.  AruK«.  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sel.  185S,  25,  San  Francisco ;  <iliiAtti>,  P.  K.  K- 

Siirvov,  X.  W.  pi.  22  li,  tign.  1-4,  IfLW. 
Seitriia  lintala,  nONTllER.  Cut.,  n,  28M,  18G0. 

OmyonnniM  <i»«ar»f,  Jordan  &  Uiubrt,  SvDop*ia,&74, 1883;  JoBOAM  Ac  BlQBntAKN,  i. «., 
410,1880. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1401 


589.  MICROPOGON,  CiiviOT  &  Vuleuoiennes. 

(CKUAKEIt.H.) 
,  Cdvibr  k  V ALSnciKfUTO.  niHt.  >'iit.  VaU».,  V,  2n,  1830  {linralut^  uni/utefiw). 
BcMly  uiuderiitely  eloiigiite,  curii))rejj»ei1,  somewliut  el(.'VHt«:il;  prt^aperole 
Htroiigly  serrate;  teotli  Lii  villiforni  tiumlH,  thd  oater  row  in  tliu  upper  Jaw 
oiilarfii'd ;  lnwer  jiiw  'witli  11  row  ot'iniuiitc  barliels  on  each  Bidu:  nill  rakflra 
short,  thickisli;  npiiiuu^i  iloraiU  rutln^r  sliort  of  10  or  II  gtoutiHb  Mpiuea; 
saooiid  aaiil  spine  modrnite;  i-andul  iiii  doulile  triiacnte;  lower  phiiryn- 
goala  narrow,  diHtiDcl,  witli  tjlmrji  (-(iniciil  te«th;  air  Itladdor  ivitli  lonj; 
horns.  A  w«i]l-iuork<>d  ju^miiKi.  th<^  species  all  Auierirau,  allied  to  Ophiotcion 
itnd  SeiimoiiB,  bin  ilinliiigiiisbed  by  the  prcseniio  of  barUelw ;  species  ull 
closely  related,  siuiilar  in  foruj,  size,  and  culor.  {/iiHfju^,  xtiutll;  Jiwyut', 
beard, ) 

MliriU)P<xtoi«!' 
a.  Oonui)  rajK  X-I,  20  to  M. 

6,  Scales  i^ouiparativt'ly  umall,  alHtut  0  in  «  v«rtiral  st<ri(vt  Iwtvttmii  rmiit  uf  ilonud 
lUlU  lateral  line,  12  inan  uUltiinu  iwrica;  onliT  t«*tln>f  ii|i|>«r.iaw  fviilfutly 
eolarfroil:  dark  (i|iutit  un  ncalta  alravv  laterul  line  nut  furuiiiiK  KialiniKiiiH 
•tri|ic«:  ■rAlm  M.  umulatI's,  JtM3. 

Scaler  larger.  7  in  a  vertical  »rrio>  from  frunt  of  iloraal  tu  laU^rnl  linn.  9  or  10 
Id  an  oblique  »6Ti«».  t<»'tli  of  outer  acrieH  iii  upper  JnWMArcolyrnlargi-il; 
dark  apols  above  liitvr.il  lim'  furmln;;  t-oniiinKiti.i  alroaka  nearly  as  iri<li<  aa 
intorspacea;  short  vertical  bars  <'xti<niUn^ii<'r««M  lateral  llDn;  many  uliliqnc 
linra  al>ovc  thesi'^  inarkiDga  more  refiiUr,  though  lusa  aharply  dudned 
than  io  J/.  undHlalfu. 
C,  Sevond  anal  apino  modvrate,  5  in  head;  oye  Nmal],  A  in  head ;  acnlcs  M. 

rUKNIEUI,  |8i4. 
te.  Second  anal  apitic  wry  iilrciiig.  2|  to  3  in  lii'ttd^  vye  very  lar^r,  4  iu  4|  in 
head;  iiu  difttlnt'l  oliliqiiL-  HirnukH  nbavu  lalcnil  liuu;  aril  black iah. 
H»^«d  1:  di'pth  4{.     1).  X-I,  2»i  A.  IJ.  7,  scales  7-5IUI4. 

MK'iA1.0P«,  1H4S. 

041.  Domal   raya    X-I,  24  to  24;    Hni>iit  liltli?  iirojcctintf;   outer  tn^th  nhove  Mcarccly 

enlarijed^  dt-pth  3J  in   len^'h^   bock  with  dark  oblique  atreaka;   gill  cavity 

diiaky  witlifu ;  ncub-a  46,  &.'t  jiureM.  ECTEKKs,  1846. 

tua.  Dorsal  ray«  X-I,  2u  lu  22:  outer  l«elli  almve  flonrcely  ouUrgetl :  annul  auuiewhat 

proJecUng ;  bmly  devivcr.  de[i(li  if  iu  leiieOi ;  nculiw  42,  4U  imrc^i. 

AJ,TnMK.MS,  1S47. 
IMS.  HI(;R(IP(M>0.\  DNUULiTtl.S'  (Lluuiiua). 

(CriMKKR;    UoNrAOIWA;   COBVI.VA.) 

Hewl  ;H;  depth  'M.    D.  X-I,  2«  or  2",>;  A,  I  J,  7;  scnles  i>-*J.     Body  rutU.r 
robast,  the  bark  soniewliut  elevated  and  compressed,  the  prolilo  rniiudL'd, 


*I>r.  Bere  tpealcs  of  Miernpngon  unituhtii*  na  the  mo«t  common  share  Ash  of  ITrneuay, 
being  caught  each  yenr  Id  niullnna.  IIu  cuunt* :  D.  X-I,  28  to  29:  acalea  8  or  B-5&-I0  or  17. 
Thia  Uruguayan  tixb  in.  tliprer»rv,  probably  not  thv  aanie  a*  J/icropnivn/urnieri,  Ita  raya 
and  aealaa  agreeing  ratlier  with  if.  iindu'talitt.  Ihit  the  (rue  inid'tiUitv  haa  not  been 
recorded  tnm  the  Wvat  Jtiilies.  It  may  not  nolikely  )»<  found  that  the  Ilrtttll-Urugnayan 
form,  Uirrniiiiui-n  uprrnitarU  (Vu'>y  ^  CaimaTd),  la  adinliuct  speri^a  whieli  lia«  not  yet 
been  pr<iperly  ctiiillugukRbed  from  Jif.  undu^tiu.  The  rolloniug  la  the  eyiiuiiyray  of  Micro 
pot/nii  tfjtrreitinru : 

Mierr>in<ffitii  tijtfrrulnrit  (QCOT  &- (tAIUABO). 

SHifna  oprreulari;  (Jfov  *  GAlti  VBii,  V«v,  tTrnn..  Zool,,  347.  1824.  Rio  Janeiro. 

Uiert>i>mt<m  liuenhu.  CfviiEii  Jk   Vaijini'1KNS«8.  IlUt.  Nat,   I'oia*.,  V,  215,  1830,  Brazil, 

Portii  Kiro,  Uavium  (iu  part,  not  typex.  n  lilch  were  from  Xew  York.) 
Mirropujun  undulatu*,  Bebo,  Ann.  Hua.  Bucnoa  Ayraa  I8B&,  54. 


1462         Bulletin  /7,  United  States  National  Museum. 

not  depreoned  nhove  eyed ;  head  long,  the  snout  prominent,  convex.  Mouth 
MthiT  large,  nearly  linri/.ontiil,  tho  uiaxilhiry  reiicliiug  tn  front  of  eye,  3 
III  head;  uut'Or  tuetb  above  enlarged;  eye  2  iu  8Uout,  5  in  head,  rather 
i<^sa  than  iutcrorhital  vsiiltti.  Pieopercle  strungly  tu-rrate  itloug  it.*  wlioJe 
po8terir>r  margin,  the  spines  neur  nngle  diverging;  donals  uvarly  sepa- 
rate, tho  I'vrat  high,  the  third  Rpino  'A  lu  head;  pectorals  uioderati?,  nearly 
rcai'hlng  tiptt  uf  ventrals;  v«>utrals  Jihiuieutuuii;  anal  inserted  ueutiiy 
imdur  niiddlo  of  at^roud  dorHnl.  the  nucoqiI  spine  rather  weak,  thorusr  than 
finuut,  i  len^fth  of  bead;  (.'iviidal  dntilile  trnneato,  1>|  in  heft<l;  16  Bcules 
in  an  obliqao  aerira  from  vent  tt>  lateral  line,  12  in  an  obliqao  seriea  from 
dorsal  to  lateral  Hiiti.  tiill  rakom  slender,  very  short,  7+16;  ca>ca  S. 
('i>lor  brassy,  paler  ImjIow  ;  uiiddlo  ])art  of  tbo  body  wilb  short,  irregular 
diitiky  vertical  bars  rroasin^  tb<;  lat<?r,'il  line ;  uiitiiy  dark  brown  spots  on 
fiide  i>f  bivck,  iiTej^ularly  placed,  and  not  forming  coutiniionsstreaki*  along 
(be  ruAVH  of  ficateti;  nanally  mnnc  of  the«e  coalescf  to  fiiriii  2  dark  Rtreaka 
prociirrent  wttb  the  back.  Length  12  incbvti.  South  Atlantio  and  (jitlf 
t'oo-sts  of  tho  United  States;  Cape  Cod  to  Texas;  generally  eoninuin  along 
our  Atlantic  cotiHt,  bocoutiug  very  abundant  Month wjird,  but  not  known 
to  extend  into  the  Wciit  IikIii'm;  a  f4»Ml-fi(th  of  sonic  ini)iurtanc-e.  This  or 
a  similar  species  ( .Vr*'ro;)Of/<)M  ajirriiilarU,  Ctivier  <3t  ValenriennM)  !•»  very 
vomuiHH  ou  the  suud  shores  uf  Urtuil,  Uruguay,  and  Argentina.  (unHulalut, 
waved. ) 

i'trca  undulata,  LlN.v.cra,  S.rnt.  Nal.,  E<l.  .\n,  4Ki.  1700,  South  Carolina. 

Scuma  crvker,  LMtvLUR.  Ui»l.  Nut.  I'oini".,  iv,  SOB,  3U,  :ilfl,  ISif:  Carolina. 

tlodiatnn  eottatui.  Mm'HILL,  Traiia.  Lit.  and  I'hil.  S<K'.  >'ow  Yurk  1815.  417,  New  York. 

Mxcrofiotjon  (inMdif,  CrvtKB  ii  VAt8}rclE^^la8,  Hiat.  Mat.  Foisa.,  v,SI&,  t>>.  119, 1B30.  New 

York.    (Coll.  MiI1<«rt.) 
Uieropnffon  undulatvt,  CuviBR  i,  VAi.E:<riEN](E8,  Blat.  Nat.  Poisa..  T,  2IU,  1B.'W,  Oihaud. 

r.S.  and  Mi>x.  Bvuail.  Siirvvy,  13,  ]>l.  13,  18SU;  (iCntueu,  Cut.,  II.  271.  1M<>  (Id  part)! 

Jordan  Ac  Gii.iiekt.  .Syuopai*.  &75,  \SM;  Jukuan  ^t  Kuik.vsiami.  I  f..  \\^  \A.l. 
ilieroiMffon  cottalut,  DiKay,  »w  York  Fauna:  Fislioa.  83,  |il.  7'.!.  fig.  230,  1842. 

1844.  ]IU:RUPIHi()>'  FrR?(tGRI  (Ilminamil». 

(Vkbhuoato;  WiiiTKMncTTH  tinnuncR.) 

Hc»d3!(;  depth  3i  to  35.  I).  X-I,  30;  A.  11,7;  eye  6iubea<l;  snout  3; 
icales  M,  7  iu  a  vertical  Hcries  from  front  of  dorsal  to  lateral  line,  0  or  10 
III  au  oUli«|ne  series;  tw^th  of  outer  soriea  iii  upper  jan  Bcareely  enlarged; 
dark  spot-H  ou  back  forming  eontinitoiiB  dark  xtreakH  nearly  an  widens  the 
pale  inturapuees;  body  a  little  more  Hleuder  than  in  MWropogou  umluUilif; 
proiilc  aiiiioat  strnight,  »  little  dei>re8se<l  above  the  eye;  ttnout  long;  eye 
Rcnall,  14  in  ititerobital  area;  prenrbital  wider  than  eye;  maxillary  3  in 
head,  reitehiiig  front  of  pupil;  t<'eth  in  broad,  villifomi  bands;  preoperdo 
leiis  atrougty  Borratt-  tliiin  in  S[.  imdulatas;  tlitrd  duinal  apine  highest,  1} 
in  head;  darnalf)  eonue^ted  by  a  low  menibrnnc;  Mpinoii«  dorsal  with  ,1 
Klieath  at  its  baao  formed  by  a  aiugle  series  of  ncale*;  soft  dorsal  nukuil; 
Hi'cnml  anal  wymie  .'>  111  bead;  scales  of  tim  breast  ;iiid  bead  cycloid.  Gray- 
ish Silvery,  with  bright  ruliectiuua;  u  dark  spot  on  opurcle;  uxil  dusky; 


Jordan  and  Evervtann. — Fishes  of  North  Anu-rica.      1463 


Bhort  vertical  bars  extending  aorosN  lateral  line;  many  oliliqiie  lines  nbore 
these;  the  iiiarkiiigH  uioro  it-giil.-ir,  tlioiigh  letiH  alinrjily  ileliuod  tbuu  in  M. 
uuiiuiatut,  the  general  biie  iiitire  silvery.  Wfut  Iinlieti;  MhtuMlaut  uii  the 
I'O.'Mt  uf  Cuba;  ita  suiithwaiil  iliatribution  uiicertaiii,  I'niui  its  cnDfuBiuti 
\vitli  M,  ttniluialuH  ami  ita  auulu^'Ue,  M.vpn-rulariii.  The  8]U"t'iii)i>]i9  bfro 
dcMonliud.  from  Havana.  (Named  for  its  discoverer,  MutcelJin  Fouruior, 
who  collected  in  CubH.) 

Ufnbriiiafumieri,  DUMAnesT,  Premiere  Decadn  Ichlhyol.,  22,  pi.  2.  flg.  3,  1832,  Havana. 

(ColL  Koumier.) 
t  Uiernpwfun  argtnltui.  Cl'ViER  &  V AW-HVltLHtilca.  Iliat,  Hut.  FoiM..V, 218, 1830,  Surinam  ; 

mity  Im)  M.  "jifrrutari.f  or  it .  iiTululatim^ 
JUimpoijon  /umirn,  JoHDAX,  I'ruv.  V.  S.  Xat.  Ma».  ISM,  37.  JOKUAif  &  Kiuihhamm.  <,  c, 

418.  ISbV. 
Jfjerftfwj/on  H»<l«<alv«,  Pokt.  Synopsta.  325  <D«t.  uf  1,ixk.«:g8). 

IK4S.  air-KI»t*Oi;il\  MK^iAMtPS, Gilbert. 

lead  4;  depth!?;  tye  1  to  4}  in  licail ;  snoiit  3?.  D.  X-1,  ?7  to  2!);  A. 
11,7;  scalett  7-r>(*-ll ;  in;»xill.iry  r<Micliiu<r  vertical  from  luidtllo  uf  jiupil,  iij 
in  head;  Bnuiiteiiiiulicigiiiterorljitiil  width;  \vi<Ub  of  prmirliititJ  U  in.snoiit. 
Kye  very  lurgc,  u  tiillo  U-ss  tlia.ti  snout;  oiitiT  .-(eriKs  uf  tentli  in  upper  jaw 
little  eularjied;  preoin-rnilnr  niiiinw  very  strong,  arnitiged  «8  usital  in  this 
genua;  gill  riikers  alt  short,  y  above  the  angle,  IR  below.  Dorsal  spini-s 
stronger  than  in  Af.ctlenex,  the  third  the  longest,  barely  rcadiing  origin 
of  aoft  dorsal  when  depressed,  t'niialtng  length  of  snout  and  eyo;  iriLudal 
double  truncatf;  seiond  anal  wpiue  strong  '2i  to  3  iu  head;  outer  ventral 
ray  slightly  produced,  Ijj  in  lieud;  pectorals  extending  beyond  veiitrala,  1\ 
in  head;  scales  of  moilerate  size.  Color  as  usual  in  this  guuQB;  no  eou- 
apicQOUS  oblique  stroukH  I'oUovving  rows  of  scuIeH  above  the  lateral  licie; 
axil  and  baseof  jmctorals  blacki.xb;  liuiag  of  gill  cavity  more  extensively 
black  than  in  other  species,  the  brauchiostcgiil  nicuibranu  -aihX  opermihir 
flap  abruptly  silvery  white  within.  tJulf  of  C";iIifoniia.  Known  only  from 
4  speeimeiis,  the  longest  10  inches  in  length.  {iityiiXoc,  litrge;  &)^(',  eye.) 
UirruyognH    mrr/alojii,  Ciuikkt,   I'rm.  t'.S  Nut.  Miih.  1K90,  M,   Gulf  of  California  in  14 

fathoms;  Albatrosi  station  No.  3011.    (Tr|>«,  Xn.  nut  aiwigucid.    Coll.  AUotrou.) 

1840.  ni<R»rO*10>    ECTEXEIS,  Jordan  ^  Gilbert. 


(Vbwiuoato.) 

lead  3|  (3}  with  <'iiud;i1);  deplli  3(  (4H;  eye  rutlier  hirge,  d  in  bead,  1| 
ill  iuterorbitit!  width,  IJ  in  siiunt,  a  little  less  than  [irenrbitul  width.  D. 
X-1,  2.1,  or  X-1,  24;  A.  II,  7,  or  II,  S;  scales  7-5;i-l.S;  pores  54.  Hody 
rather  elongate,  moderately  euinpresMi'd,  the  back  little  elevated;  anterior 
protile  stroigbtishor  Hlighlly  iitidulate.  Head  long,  rather  low,  the  snout 
long  and  abrnptly  truncate  ut  the  tip,  whirli  projects  but  little  beyoudlhe 
premaxillaries.  Month  noiirly  horizi)nt:il,  the  lower  jaw  included,  the 
maxillary  barely  reaching  to  ojiposite  front  of  eye,  its  length  U^  in  head. 


1464  Bulletin  //,  United  States  Natiottal  Museum. 


Teetli  iu  ratber  bruad  banda,  tlie  »iit4'rior  in  upper  juw  little  eDlarped. 
Snout  witb  tliu  usual  IoIjch  fttitl  purvs  iit  tip,  its  length  'A\,  in  Iiettd;  cliin 
with  's  lar^ij  puruH  ;  .-ilxiiit  I  midhII  ImrliidNnii  tlie  iuner  edj;e  of  enrh  doiitiiry 
bono  autoriorly.  iLesio  rutijcr  shorter  t ban  tbo  posterior  iiostrii,  wbii-U  is 
oliloug  aud  iiiiiob  loiigor  tbtiu  th«i  ;iiiterinr  imHtril.  PreDpercIn  with 
aiioierotis  ralher  istroiig  tv<?th  ubovothe  <iiigl«,  wliiib  linst  -  large,  Htrongly 
divei){fujt  teetb,  tbo  lower  dtrortud  ubliipiely  downward.  Gill  rukcrs 
wbiirt,  7  +  I'i.  Psi'uddbtanohiii'  well  dovoloped.  Si'ales  of  ra<idcrat«  siw, 
tliaee  oq  tlio  breimt  little  reduced';  no  siiilvH  on  tht^  donuil  or  Hual,  except 
ii  basiil  series;  i^attdul  liirgeiy  scBly;  al tout  lit)  «culf8  in  an  oblique 8erie« 
froiji  tVont  of  nuiil  upwnrd  lu  .ipitioii^i  dorsul,  IS  from  vi-nt  upward  to  soft 
dursai.  LattTal  liuo  li(>ciimin^  Ktrni^bt  well  in  udviinet!  uf  nual.  Spinona 
diiraal  hiij^b,  hi^bor  Ibiiu  iu  J/,  utitiulatiit,  itt<  third  spiiiu  not  very  much 
shorter  tban  the  tViurtb ;  third  i^piiio  v.iryiu^  in  lotiglh,  about  '2  in  head 
(13  U>  SJ);  all  the  spim-s-  freely  liexible;  hingest  salt  rny  3^  in  head; 
oaiid:il  alightly  iluuble  »ouiuv»-,  thi-  up]U'r,  middle,  und  lower  rays  aliont 
equnl,  IJ  ill  h*'iid;  lo\v<?|-  rtiys  shorter  iu  yiiiiun  iudi^idualn;  aiisil  Hiuall, 
eT]din^  well  in  iidvancoolpoaterior  ray  olduraal;  Hecond  iiital  spintN  rather 
aninll,  its  length  3>f  in  head  ;  longent  hijft  niy  -'S  in  heud.  IVctoral  tin  very 
toiii;  ami  pointed,  ruarhiiig  i)a»t  vciitrnl«,  but  uni  to  vent,  it»  length  1,',  in 
lierul ;  ventrals  «  ith  tbi^  first  ray  filamentous,  1',  iu  h«'ud  without  tilitmeut. 
C<diir  gniyinh  Nilvt-ry,  without  brnssy  tinge;  dorsal  region  aud  sides  above 
liiwe]-  <«lgu  i>r  pcctorala  tnarkod  witb  dark  streaks  extending  obliiiuely 
upward  and  backward  along  the  series  of  scales.  Hesiilea  these,  about  10 
short,  (tbliipie,  dark  bars  extending  dowiiwiird  and  forward,  crossing  tie 
arched  ])oi'ti(in  of  the  lateral  line,  the  longest  of  these  about  us  long  as 
snout;  lining  of  gill  cavity  blackish;  jieritoneiiin  pale;  fins  all  yellowieh, 
the  ttjia  of  spinous  dnrsal  bluckish  ;  upjier  edge  of  pectoral  nnd  bortler  of 
soft  dorsal  danky;  region  above  tiud  below  ba^e  of  pei'toral  with  dark 
pnnctulntiotiH.  Length  2  feet  or  less.  Pacific  toast  of  Jlexieo;  ubundnnt 
at  Mazatiau,  where  it  is  uu  imjiortaut  food-fish;  not  sceu  at  I'auaiua. 
{fMrfytfs,  stretched.) 

Uicrnpo'jOH  fctenef,  JouiiA.N  &  Giuikiit,  Frue.  I'.S.  Nat.  Miw.  Iggl,  355,  Mazatlao  (Typed. 
No(.::82a5,  29538.  Z83;t6, 28U61 .     Cull.  Liilbert) :  Jordan  &  EliiEKKAit.v.  I.  r.,  419,  lfl»9. 


1847.  HirROPOaON  ALTiri\XI8,  Giintbor. 

Head  3i;  depth  3,'.  D.  X-1,  20  to  22;  A.  II,  7;  scales  7-18-15.  Onter 
teeth  of  upper  jaw  scarcely  eidarged;  snout  somewhat  projecting;  scalee 
Htill  larjier;  latorat  line  VI  (1!)  pores) ;  scales  above  the  lateral  line,  verti- 
cally, 5  or  t5;  obliquely,  K;  li?  in  :in  obli<iui-  herii'S  from  vent;  maxillary 
BXtemliiig  [j^rarcely  beyond  tlm  verlieal  from  the  anterior  margin  of  the 
eye;  body  less  elongate  than  iu  M ic> tijntgini  eitrinn ;  highest  dorsul  spines 
1}  in  head;  anal  spine  about  4  iuhead.  roloratiou  e.sseutially  as  in  Alicro- 
poijon  rcti'He'ij  which  it  elosely  reseniblcH,  difl'ering  in  the  shorter  second 
dorsal.     Panama;  not  rare,     (a/fuo,  high;  j»iH»<i.  tin.) 

ilieroijoffvn  alliyiniiit,  GOmtjieil,  True.  JCiwI.  Sot'.  Loud.  ttJM.  14li.  San  Jose,  Panama, 
Chiapas:  GCntubii,  KiHli.CHiilral  Amurk-ii,  :i87  iipil  43S,  ISdS;  J011U.AN  A:  CtlLDBUt. 
Doll.  tr.  &Fi8b  Comm.  1882,  llli  JoRUAM  iV  EiuENMAKM,  I.  c,  41>,  1888. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1465 


590.  UMBRINA,  Ctivior. 

rwU/rtHO,  CuviBB.  Kt'gne  Aniniiil.  Eil.  i.  2fl7,  1817  (eirrata ,  AViVnia  I<.  bring  roBtricteil  la 
Seimm  umlira,  a  Liiinnaii,  nii<l  l<>  Sriivnn  a</uiln,  a  noo -Lluoii'Ui  «i>n^ipii). 

tirUma,  Hi.KKKER,  *  Poi»»oii»i  ilo  U  C<<te  «le  Goinije,  CO,  Jti«2  (cirrota  ,  not  llio  <iorliBst  n^ 
stiictioQ  to  n  Lliiuicaii  tjrijr). 

Body  moderately  elongate;  biick somotv'bat  arrtiLM!.  llesul  o1)lon^,  willt 
tbesuout  thick  aud  protuberant;  uioutli  iiliiioxt  Ixiii/.out.'i),  or  iiioderato 
•ize;  proopcrciilnm  with  it.n  lumy  inargiu  tini>l,T  scrrnti^;  lower  j«w  witb  a 
single  tliii'kish  l>arboi.  Teeth  iti  villirorm  liinitU,  tlie  imtermost  in  the 
npper  jaw  Aouewhut  enlar^iid.  AntbriordorMnl  \vitliab(»iit  lOHpiueo;  itiml 
tin  with  2  spineH,  the  swond  not  very  giiinU,  (.'amlal  hiiiat«  or  Iruncute. 
Gill  rakers  noriual,  but  short.  Air  bladder  Wfll  iIoa  ebiped.  This  t;enii8 
contains  a  considcrablo  miniber  of  aiieiio.t,  most  of  tlicui  being  American. 
It  agrees  with  SHiiua  in  nearly  all  resincts,  exreptiiig  the  presonte  at  the 
chin  of  a  short.,  thick  liarbel.  A  similar  barbi-1  ia  fonnd  in  tbegenoH  Afeit- 
ticiirhiiH.hat  notwithstanding  the  fiict  th.it  all  Knrojtejin  writers  have 
confounded  iVc;itin'iT^M»  with  Umhriiin,  thv  twir  gijiuru  iin-  not  rr-ally  very 
eliiHcly  related,  (iimliyii,  Hbade;  the  uamo  umbra  waa  used  fur  the  typical 
species  by  early  writers,  being  equivalent  tu  Sciaiia.) 

ITlCBRIMA: 

0.  DorNUl  rayit  only  X-I,  2i1  no  CTimn  baniix  I  nitovaso.VKTii,  1848. 

an.  Dorital  rays  X-I,  I'fl  to  21);  ncrrw  of  preoi>crcle  sltu'lpr,  not  notnlily  )1i>lt<.>n«d. 

b.  Body  with  Hbniil  &  durk  vertical   cr»8»  ImucU,   brsidCH  nnrriiw  iiiidiilntlnB 
■treoJtt  along  tlie  row*  of  HOnlea;  Heountt  aoBlspuivaiiii  lieod;  ppclonUK  1). 

cnnoiOEi^,  1840. 

bb.  Body  without  dark  cross  bsnda,  the  rows  of  acoles  sbove  with  distioot  noda- 

luting  HtrcalcH. 

e.  Suont  bluntish.  short,  3|  Id  hoftil;   ««rrn»  of  preup<<role  cotaparBtivcly 

nnintToiia  uid  atrong,  «ubt«rctr;    biKly  ratlior  slauttcri    tlie  dork 

atreuiks  utroiigly  niiirki-d ;  ilnn  lnrgi>ly  yi-llciw.  noKCiDOB.  1890. 

«c.  Snoul  lonjjer  than  eyi>.  3  t«  'JJ  in  Iieail .  iirt'0|irrcl<'  iliatinctlj-  mtrraie. 

d.  Secoud  aiiul   !<piiin  t.'irijo,  2  in  head;    pniflln  .ilrai^'lit,  tiiiMli-rat^Iy 
atMijs   mmnt  ra(li<-r  acute;   i>yo  i\  hi  1ii-b<1;   nioiitli  iiiiiiill,  in- 
ferior, tite  niiiilllary  rvifMug  mid(ili>  •<(  urbit,  its  lungtli  2|  lii 
bewl;  dark  atrcaka  on  acalen  atrun^ly  marked. 
e.  Gill  vavily  palo;  acales  5-48:  xecond  anal  spioo2  in  head. 

XANTI,  1851. 
«r.  (jUI  cavity  dark  ;  aralea  7-51 ;  aecond  anal  apine  3^  En  lii>a<l. 

SIKA  Lfl.-E,  1852. 

d<l.  !)ecoml  anal  fipino  abort  and  thlrkiab,  H  In  bead.    Back  elevated. 

the  anterior  profllPRt*«|>niKlr.illiiri-»nT<'X:  snout  liliinl.,  njiuli 

protruding;  month  kuiuII,  liorlr.uiital ;  tlio  iiinxlltar}' re.i['hia); 

Juat  paat  pupil,  3  in  head;  «ye  J  in  hi-iid;  atibiiksuu  mii^ok 

obmure.  o.m.ai*ai:)OBUM.  1863. 

aaa.  Duraal  raya  X-I, 30  to  33 ;  |>roop(>rolewltb  its  odgp  weakly  oraniilale;  miiatli  rulbpr 

larK<\  anbterminAl:   maxillary  n-urhiug  p<nterior  bonlrr  of  pupil,  2}  In  lirad; 

necond  dumal  Apiup  highcat,  3  in  head:  xol'l  rayn  hiKli:  KrcMiud  iiniil  npinuS  in 

head:   pcctorala  alicbtly  shorter  than  Tenlrsla,  whiab  arc  Ijinheail;  dark 

utreaka  faint .  POBSAUS,  l^'ii. 


*  "  Je  nolo  id  qocl'eap^i'e  typi<|oo  dn  grnru  ^cirrna  Art. /''tsnt  V  Umbrlna  eirnim  CV ., 
te  noni  de  Sti(ma  drvra  ''trt'  apj>li'|iii>  aux  Mp^ri-s  dont  C^l^■i^•r  u  fait  dra  tJmbrtna,  ct  no 

CMirra  plun  /tlrt^  I'lupiovO  dati:^  l<^  nrna  dc?  Chivier.     Nl  M.  (itiuthrr  ui  M.  Iflll.  duiia  li^nra 
avaux  our  lea  Sck<Doid(w,  iiuminMint  avoir  fait  attention  ik  lO  <iue  Ic  uoin  gi'tiiTiijuvd'Ar- 

-15 


No.  47,  pt.  2- 


1466         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


184H.  VHBBINA  BBOCSKOXETII,  CoTier  &  Valencicnnea. 

This  species  is  described  as  follows :  "  We  find  in  the  collections  of  Brons- 
sonet  an  Umhrina  announced  at  once  (which  is  little  probable),  as  from 
the  South  Sea  and  from  Jamaica.  Its  height  is  4  times  in  its  length;  its 
barbel  is  short  and  pointed;  all  its  teeth  are  in  fine  velvet;  the  lobes  be- 
fore its  upper  jaw  are  little  marked,  the  preopercnlar  denticnlations  are 
pronounced;  though  much  altered,  we  do  not  see  that  it  has  spots,  and  it 
certainly  seems  a  distinct  species.  Its  dorsal  spines  are  slender;  the  sec- 
ond anal  is  rather  strong.  Its  ventrals  are  \  longer  than  the  pectorals. 
There  is  reason  to  believe  that  the  caudal  was  truncate.  Its  nnmbers  ap- 
proach those  of  the  2  precfcding  Hpecies.  D.  X-I,  25;  A.  II,  6."  (Cuvier 
^Valencionues;  translation.)  A  doubtful  species.  If  it  really  came  from 
Jamaica,  it  may  be  the  same  as  Umhrina  coroides,  bnt  the  fin  rays  are  said 
to  be  fewer.  Cuvier  &  Valeircienncs  counted  29  in  coroides.  The  name 
brouBBonetii  has  priority  over  coroides  if  the  2  are  the  same.  (Named  for 
P.  M.  Anguste  Broussoiiet,  doctor  of  medicine  at  Montpelier  in  the  last  cen- 
tury; an  accurate  and  conscientioas  naturalist.) 

Umbrina  brouttonrtii,  ClTVlEB  &  Valkhcibnnes,  Hiat.  Nat.  Poisa.,  v,  187,  1830.    (Type,  a 
apecimeu  in  Urousaonet's  coUeotion  aapposed  to  b«  fiom  Jamaica.) 

1849.  VIBRINA  COBOIDRS,*  Cavier  &  Valeuciennea. 

Head  3};  depth  3;  eye  3|  in  head.  1>.  X-I,  27  or  28;  A.  II,  6or  7;  scales 
5-48-10.  Body  rather  stoat,  the  back  somewhat  elevated;  month  moder- 
ate, maxillary  extending  to  middle  of  pupil ;  teeth  villiform,  subequal, 
in  broad  bands;  preoporcle  finely  denticulate  on  its  bony  edge;  barbel 
short;  second  dorsal  spine  highest,  1}  in  head;  pectoral  fins  short  and 
small,  1}  in  head,  not  reaching  to  tips  of  ventrals  nor  halfway  to  vent; 
caudal  truncate;  second  anal  spino  thick,  2^  in  head;  gill  rakers  5 -{-9, 
slender  and  Mmall.    Color  silvery,  darker  above;  body  with  about  9  dark 


tedi  ^8t  mal  eraplo;6  par  les  antearo  modernes,  et  U.  Gill  citt«  mAine  le  Seiana  aguiia 
coniiD<<  le  type  du  genre."    (Bleoker,  I.  e.) 

Id  qnotini;  Utnbrina  cirrora  afl  the  type  of  Artodl'a  genna  Seugna,  Sleeker  meann  meroly 
that  it  is  the  one  plucud  flrnt  by  Art4tai  in  the  list  of  npeoiee. 

*  Jordan  &  Kiitter  cWe  the  following  description  of  specimens  of  Umbrina  eoroidet  in 
their  FisheH  of  Jamaica :  ]Iea<i3|^;  dt^pthSJ:  eye  ig  in  head.  D.  X-I,  27;  A.  II.  6;  soalea 
8-50-9.  Highest  point  of  dorsal  outline  at  anterior  third  of  spinous  dorwil,  the  anterior 
outline  more  strongly  curve<l.  Mouth  inferior,  horizontal  or  nearly  soj  teetli  equal,  in 
bands;  barbel  short, blunt;  width  of  preorbital  equal  to  length  ot  eye:  nostrils  close 
together,  the  posterior  oblniig  more  than  twice  as  large  as  anterior,  situated  immediatelv 
tn  front  of  eye;  nroopercle  itnely  and  evenly  serrate  above  angle:  opercle  with  2  dull 
points,  not  oxteniiing  to  edge  of  liiarginnl  membrane,  the  lower  soiiK<what  more  acute,  both 
evenly  proje<^ting;  tlie  lobos  aud  |>i>res  in  front  of  the  mouth  well  developed.  Pectorals 
as  long  as  ventrals,  1]  in  head,  inserted  under  opercular  membrane;  ventrals  inserted 
l>ehind  peclonilN,  the  outer  ra.v  with  a  very  ttueiihiiiient.  Third  dorsal  spine  longest,  2) 
ID  head :  cauilal  slightly  eniarginate,  the  lower  angle  slightly  rounded,  npper  aud  longest 
rays  1 J  in  licHd,  or  equal  to  head  in  front  of  opercle.  Ground  color  steel  gray,  somewhat', 
sHvorv  (sliglitlv  golden  in  one  spi-cinien) :  9  dusky  bars  on  side,  tlie  anterior  and  posterior 
less  distinct,  2  in  front  of  dorsal,  2  under  spinons  dorsal,  the  Hftli  in  front  of  second  dorsal, 
the  last  at  end  of  dorsal;  each  row  ot  scales  above  belly  with  a  dark  line,  these  oblique 
above  lateral  line,  irregnlar  below ;  tip  of  spinotis  dorsal  black,  edge  of  soft  dorsal  dnaky. 
ventral  and  lip  of  caudal  faintly  dusky,  underside  of  opercle  black.  This  description  is 
based  on  3  perfect  specimens  10  ini'hes  long.  They  are  not  so  deep  aa  the  flgnro  given  by 
Cnvicr  (117),  the  caudal  is  sliorter,  and  there  are  2  fewer  rays  in  the  dorsal.  It  seems  best 
not  to  use  the  name  Umbrina  Oruutianetii  for  this  sp<-cies,  as  the  short  account  given  by 
Cuvier  &  Valenciennes  dm^s  notagree  with  the  species,  and  Uroussonet's  ai>ecimens  may 
not  have  come  from  Jaiuaica. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1467 


croHS  liaiidB,  benides  urulnlatinf;  dark  strcak.s  along  tlio  ruwa  of  scales; 
Hpinous  dorsal  liliickiKli.  West  IiidieH;  Ftarida  tn  Itriizil;  caiiiiaoii  on 
sandy  coiwt*.  Hero  duNcribed  fri>iii  'i  spccimeiiH  tiiki^u  by  Dr.  .1.  A.  Hen- 
8h»!l  in  tbe  Indian  Kivi-r,  Florida,  tbe  only  nnea  yet  recorded  from  tbo 
Unit«d  StaU>8.  Our  Hpttcinien.t  Iruiti  .I:iiiuik-a  iiro  ratbitr  uiuru»1uii};atv  but 
are  probably  tbo  auiue.  (<'</ro,  u  local  iiauie  of  CoMoiiun  nobilin;  eiBo^, 
ruBeniblance,  rroiu  the  dnrk  L-nm«  briiKU.) 

rmbrt'M  f.oroi(Ut,  (^ctier  &.  VALSxciDnnts,  HiaL  NmL  PoiHs.,  v,  187,  1B30,  Brazil;  Puet, 

Eniiineratiu.^H,  1875. 
Vmbrina  broiainmnetii.  GONTtlBK,  Our.,  II,  277, 1880 ;  JOKUAN  \.  rilLliEBT.  SynopsU,  576. 1883, 

■poclnienit  diworilifil  fniiii  Incliuii  River,  Florida;  Joiidan  &:  EluENitAMn,  (.  <.,  122. 

IHuO.  l»IIBi.\A  UOMAOOK.Jonliiii&OUbert. 

(YBUiUW'ntmit  KONOADOB:  Ykllow-tailbo  Cboakbr.) 

Head  'Si;  depth  3J^;  eye  luoderjito,  U  in  hikmU,  r>i  lit  bond,  H  in  inter- 
orbit^iil  width.  D.  X-I,  27;  A.  II,  7;  scales  58.  J?ody  Hlliptical-olungate, 
till'  back  Bmni'wbat  elevatod,  the  cnrvo  froui  soont  to  dorsnl  rrguliir. 
Mead  conical.  IdiintiaU.  Moiitb  horizontal,  the  iiiaxillury  extending  to 
beyond  front  of  pupil.  Cauitiil  liiuati',  the  iiiipBr  loin"  thi*  longer.  St-cond 
tuiivl  Hpino  Htrongr  -i  i"  bead,  u  little  sburter  than  third  dorsal  .spine.  Pec- 
toral Hbort  and  Hiuall,  not  reiictiiiig  tips  of  veiitmle  siad  not  linlfway  to 
vent,  its  length  U  in  head.  Bright  silvery,  bliiiHb  above,  with  brasay 
rellections;  8idc»  wiib  iiurrcMv,  distinct,  iiuihilatiuK  fltreak.s  nf  deep  olive, 
running  from  the  b*'a<l  and  pc-ctoral  region  upward  And  backward,  with 
some  abrupt  curvutiir^B,  tu  IIh''  biu<it  of  t!i«i  ilnrnal  (in,  itoinetiiiiHii  allernat- 
iiig  with  lincH  of  s((ot.s;  no  vertical  bars;  cheeks  pure  white;  Jiiis  tiioatly 
yellow;  jteritououiii  black.  Length  15  inrlies.  Coast  of  soiitliLTii  Cali- 
fornia. I'oiiit  ('onc'e])tiiiii  to  Gii:iyiuiia;  riitber  roniiiiim  about  Han  Diego 
and  Hotithwanl  on  nbatUiw  Hatidy  tiliores;  a  bandsoiiieBpecies,  brightly  col- 
ored in  life,  and  of  some  value  as  food,  (ronvadvr,  grunter,  (he  Spanish 
uame.) 

I'mtirina  iinrfiifadi,  Stkindachmeii,  Iilitli.  UcUr..  in,  21,  1875;  nut  ofGlUARD. 

Vmhrinn  rnneailnr,  JoBDAN  A  GiLBEBT.  PriH'.  V.  S.  Nut.  Miw.  1881,  277,  Pequcna  Bay, 
west  coast  Lower  California  iTypi',  Nii.  29:tTl.  (.'oil.  l.ipiil.  Michul«l ;  JoBSAjl  it  GlL- 
BEKT,  SrOOpniS,  576,  l$8:i;  .I11HU.UI  &  ElQBIillA>'H.  (.  0.,  '122,  1889, 


18al.  CHBBiNA  XA1«TI,  GiU. 

rC<)DOBNtX.) 

Hud 31;  depth  3i;  eye  IJ  in  h.iid;  snout  3  to  3J.  D.  X-I,  26;  A.  11,6; 
■CftlaB 5-48-S.  Suoiit  louder  tbau  ej'c;  prcoporuto  distinctly  serrate;  pro- 
I  file  straight,  moderately  ste«>p;  anmit  rather  aente  :  niantb  mnall,  inferior, 
the  maxillary  nearly  reaphing  luiddk^  of  orbit,  tt«  leugtb  2}  In  head;  teeth 
Babe4{nal;  gill  rakers  scarct-ly  developed,  t  +f':  third  doreal  spine  highest, 
If  in  beacl;  anterior  dorsal  rays  mneh  lungui  than  posterior  ones;  anal  tin 
pointed,  the  li&coud  soft  ray  longest,  the  sci'Oiid  spine  very  strung,  'J  in 
head;  ventralH  slightly  longer  than  pectorals,  H  in  head;  lateral  line 
moderately  arched  anteriorly.     Color  bluish,  silvery  below;  conspicuous 


m 


1468         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 

dark  lines  following  the  rows  of  scales,  those  below  lateral  line  obliqne  as 
well  as  those  above;  spinous  dorsal  dusky;  caudal,  anal,  and  ventrals 
bright  yellow ;  opercles  dark  within.  Pacific  coast  of  tropical  America, 
Cape  San  Lucas  to  Panama ;  a  very  common  and  well-known  food-fish ; 
taken  by  Dr.  Gilbert,  at  Mazatlan,  Panta  Arenas,  and  Panama.  (Named 
for  John  Xantns  de  Vasey.) 
UnOtTxna  xanti.  Gill,  Proc.  Ac.  Xat  ScJ.  PhUa.  1862, 25«,  Cape  San  Lucas  (CoU.  Xantuk) ; 

JoBUXM  ic.  EioKNKANN,  (.  c,  4123,  1889:  KvEBMAKH  St.  Jeskinb,  Proa  17.  S.  Nat.  Mna. 

1891,  IbO. 
UmbritM  analit,  GOntubb,  Fishes  Central  America,  387  and  420,  1889,  Panama. 

ISfiS.  VHBRINA  8INAL0£,  Scofleld. 

Head  3^;  depth  3?;  eye  3};  snout  31^;  interorbital  space  4^;  tip  of 
snout  to  end  of  maxillary  2|.  D.  X-I,  28;  A.  II,  6;  Hc-ales  7-51-10  (scales 
7  between  front  of  dorsal  and  lat«ral  line,  10  between  line  and  vent;  51 
pores  in  lateral  line  to  base  of  caudal).  Pectoral  1|  in  head;  ventral  1); 
second  anal  spine  2^;  third  dorsal  spine  longest,  1}  in  head;  gill  rakers 
6  +  9,  rather  slender,  about  i  as  long  as  pupil ;  distance  from  snout  to  anal 
1^  iu  length  of  body  (1^  in  xanti) ;  barbel  slender;  caudal  slightly  lunate, 
the  upper  lobe  the  longer.  Color  dark  above,  greenish  in  life,  silvery 
below ;  a  dark  blotch  on  operole ;  conspicuous  dark-olive  stripes  follow 
the  center  of  the  scale  rows  upward  and  backward  on  the  sides  and  back, 
stripes  about  i  as  wide  as  pupil;  spinous  dorsal  dusky;  ventrals  and 
anal  pale,  without  pnnctulations ;  lining  of  gill  cavity  qnite  dark;  g^U 
membranes  of  opercle  pale;  peritoneum  pale.  Resembles  U.  xanti  very 
closely;  but  is  distinguished  by  the  dark  gill  cavity,  the  small  scales, 
small  second  anal  spine,  and  more  anterior  position  of  anal.  The  stripes 
on  the  body  are  slightly  darker,  not  so  undulating,  and  there  are  a  few 
more  of  them,  duo  to  the  smaller  and  more  regular  scales.  Length  8 
inches.  Mazatlan,  Mexico.  Several  specimens  obtained  in  company  with 
U.  xanti,  and  equally  abundant. 

I'mbrina  nnaloce,  ScoriELn,  Proc.  Gal.  Ac.  Sci.  1896,  220,  pi.  25,  Maxatlan.    (CoU.  Hop- 
kins  Exp.  to  Sinaloa.    Type,  No.  1632,  L.  S.  Jr.  Univ.  Mas.) 

1868.  UXBBINA  «ALAPAG0BI;H,  Steindachncr. 

Heatl  3J  to  li{ ;  depth  3.^  to  3j^ ;  eye  5  in  head;  snout  longer  than  eye,  3  to 
3i  in  head.  I).  X-I,  28  or  29;  A.  II,  C;  scales  50  to  53.  Second  aual  spine 
short  and  thickisli,  3  in  head.  Hack  elevated,  the  anterior  profile  steep 
and  rather  convex;  snout  blunt,  much  protruding;  month  small, horizon- 
tal, the  maxillary  reaching  just  past  pupil,  3  iu  bead;  preopercle  finely 
and  sharply  serrate;  gill  rakers  vory  small;  pectoral  short,  1^  in  head; 
longest  dorsal  spine  2;  caudal  fin  slightly  lunate,  the  upper  lobe  the  longer; 
scales  above  lateral  line  in  very  oblique  series,  in  oblique  series  below 
lateral  line  anteriorly.  Color,  grayish,  yellow  below;  faint  dark  lines 
along  the  scales  on  thenppor  half  of  the  body,  golden  lines  on  scales  below ; 
dornals  finely  ]>unctulate;  fins  pale;  gill  cavity  iinle  within.  Galapagos 
Archipelago.  Here  described  from  1  of  Dr.  Steindachner's  original  types. 
Umbrina  galapagorum,  Stbindacunbb,  Ivlith.  Beitr.,  Vli,  20,  1878,  James  Island, 
Galapaeos;  JoBDAS  it.  Eiobiwamh,  {.  e.,  423,  1889. 


Jordan  and  Evcrtnann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     1469 


P 


IWM.  CIBRCXA  D0B81I.IK,  GUI. 

Head  3};  depth  3.  D.  X-I,  29  to  31.  A.  II,  7;  orbit  X^  in  bead;  snout 
3f;  nwixillary  2* ;  highest  doraiil  Npino  1};  second  aiiiil  Hpiue  2(;  onndal 
fin  li;  pertnralH  It;  ventralrt  \\.  Boily  uirMlei-at«],v  olongate;  back  some- 
what arched;  |inilile  evenly  convex  from  soout  to  dorsal  ho;  ventral  out- 
line cufvimI,  tlie  baae  of  tho  anal  (In  bnt  little  mure  olili<[ii»  than  tlie 
general  vpntrul  c«utour;  caudal  peduock;  at  the  narrowi-st  place  about  2^ 
in  head.  Month  oliliijno,  nitbi-r  large,  itiwor  jaw  included;  Htioiit  prn- 
jectiiig  a  little  bfyiud  prcnKixilh'irit's;  muxlllary  reaching  vertical  from 
the  [losteriiir  border  ofpuitil;  tuietli  in  vilJifonn  bandti,  thoHo  of  outer  row 
in  npiicr  jaw  eulargt-d,  Btrijiigcr  in  front;  iut*>rorliital  npiHo  cnnvex,  about 
A  iu  head;  preorbital  a  littk  narrower  than  width  of  orbit;  anterior  nos- 
tril with  a  raised  margin,  thu  posti-rior  part  of  which  forma  a  low  Hop; 
anterior  atnd  postftrior  marginH  of  the  other  nostril  with  simitar  ilaps; 
barbel  of  lower  jaw  thick,  blunt;  edge  of  jireopcrclo  finely  werrate;  gill 
rakcre  abort,  5-f-'J  or  10.  Lateral  liaf  becouilng  straight  at  a  point  doreial 
to  the  poateriur  part  of  the  base  of  anal  fju  ;  scales  in  lateral  line  53;  in  the 
series  from  lateral  line  to  I'lrst  tinrsal  spine,  9;  to  vent,  11  or  15.  Dorsnl 
spines  moderately  strttng,  tho  third  highest;  first  dorsal  rays  highest,  tho 
others  gradually  becoming  lower,  the  last  Ichh  thai)  \  the  height  of  first; 
second  anal  .-ipino  very  Htr»lig,  ti()t  reaching  tip»  of  lust  rays  of  depressed 
fin;  upper  lobe  of  caudal  prudncod,  aciit-e,  the  lower  lobe  rounded;  ven- 
trals  ttligbtly  liliform  at  the  tips.  Color  bliiisli,  silvery  belotv,  dark  streaks 
along  the  rows  of  scnles;  dorsals  rather  ditsky,  growing  darker  on  edges; 
lower  tins  t'rcauiy  reddish.  Pacific  coast,  Cape  San  Lncan  to  Panama; 
rare;  reeortled  froii\  Cape  Sau  Lucas,  M;«7.atlaii,  and  Panama,  Here 
described  from  2  large  specimens  (2<i{)  and  iWi  inni.  long),  taken  by  Dr. 
Gilbert  at  Pauama.  The  original  tyjics,  tVom  Capo  San  LiicaK,  are  but  4 
iui-hes  long,  (dortalit,  pertaining  to  the  back,  from  the  many  dorsal 
rays. ) 

lJ)»brina  donalU,  Gnx,  Proc.  Ac.  "Sat.  Sri.  Pbila.  1882,  257.  Cape  San  Lucac;  very  yonng; 
(Call.  XiuitiiH) :  JoBIiAN  it.  i;ilJiEttT,  I'roc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Miiii.  18^2,  SKI;  .IoriiaN  A  Uu.- 
BEBT,  Bull.  U.  S.  KIhIi  Cotum.  1882,  107;  JoHOAJf  li.  Kioemhann,  I.  «.,  \Z\,  188a. 


59' 


MENTICIRRHUS.  Cill. 
(KlXfJKISll.) 


I  JfrntMrrkiM,  Gnx,  Proe.  As.  Nat.  Sci.  Pbilii.  1861,  86  {aUntmuM). 

I  tCirrimm:  (!nx.  Proa.  Aiv  Nat.  Scl.  Pliila.  1802. 17  {••phi,xri,haUit\. 

I  V^nbrvla.  JORDAN  &  F.liiKiOIANTI,  Uflvictr  SriiiTiiilic,  rn,  1880  lUttnrnliH. 

[  Jiody  coniitaratively  elongate,  littki  coiMpre.sscd;  head  long,  Kubcnnio, 

L  the  bliiiitish  snout  considerably  projecting  beyond   the  mouth;   luontli 

small,  horizontal,  both  jaws  with  bands  of  villiform  teeth,  tho  outer  teeth 
In  the  upper  jaw  more  or  less  enlarged;  <hiu  with  a  single  stoutiMh  bar- 
l>el;  preopercle  with  its  tuouibranaceou.H  edge  .serrulate;  pill  rakers  slic^rl 
and  tubercular  or  obsolete;  dorsal  spines  high,  slender,  10  or  11  in  niiuitwr 
fl3  in  f'irrimtni>);  second  dorsal  long  and  low;  caudal  (in  with  the  lower 
angle  rounded,  tho  upper  sharp;  anal  lin  with  a  single  weak  s[dne;  no  air 


1470         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 

bladder.  Lower  pharyngeals  separate,  the  teeth  varying  from  Bhar{>  to 
very  obtuse.  This  genus  is  one  of  the  most  strongly  marked  in  the  family. 
It  has  been  confounded  by  all  European  writers  with  Umhrifui,  with  which 
it  hua  not  very  much  in  common  except  the  presence  of  the  barbel  at  the 
chin.  All  the  species  are  American,  and  all  bottom  fishes.  The  low, 
elongate  body,  the  large  pectorals,  and  the  obsolete  air  bladder  are  all 
characters  related  to  this  peculiarity  of  habit.  The  genus  or  subgenus 
Cirrimeni  (ophiocephalut)  from  Chile  differs  in  the  larger  number  (13)  of 
dorsal  spines  (mentum,  chin;  cirrhtu,  barbel). 

MENTICIRBHUS  : 

a.  Dorsal  spines  nsoallj- 11 ;  head  not  terete,  depressed,  with  low  anont. 

b,  GiU  rakers  obsolete,  redaccd  to  tabercttlor  prominenous,  covered  with  teeth 
similar  to  those  on  the  other  gill  arches,  more  developed  in  the  young ;  lower 
pharyngeals  narrow ;  the  teeth  vilUform  or  oardifonn,  all  of  them  acnte  or 
conical,  none  with  rounded  heads  (molar) ;  teeth  in  the  outer  series  of  upper 
Jaw  more  or  less  enlarged :  scales  on  breast  large. 
«.  Soft  dorsal  rather  short,  its  rays  I,  18  to  I,  22;  snout  prominent. 

d.  Snout  very  prominent,  3^  in  head,  its  tip  prcyecting  beyond  the  pre- 
maxillaries  for  a  distance  about  }  diameter  of  eye;  spinous  dor- 
sal elevated,  its  longest  spines  H  in  head,  reaching  beyond  front  of 
soft  dorsal;  eye  large,  bnt  much  smaller  than  in  Jf.  tuuut,  B|  in 
head;  pectonUs  li  in  head.  Slurs,  1855. 

dd.  Snout  less  prominent,  about  4  in  head,  its  tip  not  reoorved. 

f.  Dorsal  rays  X-I,  22,  the  spines  rather  high ;  eye  very  large,  H  in 
head,  snout  much  projecting;  pectoral  1)  in  head. 

NASrs,  1856. 

*f.  Dorsal  rays  X-I,  19  or  20;  dorsal  spines  lower,  the  longest  barely 

reaching  soft  dorsal. 

/■  Snout  rather  short  and  blunt,  3)  in  head,  pnijeoting  beyond 

preniaxillariea   nearly  ^  a  diameter  of  the  eye;    eye 

small,  7  in  head ;  maxillary  reaching  to  posterior  margin 

of  pupil,  3  in  head;  outer  teeth  of  upper  Jaw  much 

enlarged ;  jiectoral  long,  1^  in  liead ;  ventral  2|  in  head ; 

longest  dorsal  spine  as  long  aa  pectoral ;  upper  lobe  of 

oaudal   acute,    lower   lulm  rounded,   brownish    above, 

lighter  below;  lower  fins  with  considerable  black. 

PAKAMKN8I8,  1857. 
ee.  Sod.  dorsal  longer,  itn  rays  I,  23  to  I,  25. 

<;.  Mouth  couiparatirely  large,  thx  maxillary  reaching  to  below  middle  of 

eye,  2}  to  3^  in  head ;  teeth  on  lower  itharyngeals  acnte ;  back  and 

sides  nsually  with  oblique  dusky  bars;  lower  lobe  of  caudal  the 

longer. 

A.  Outer  tooth  of  upper  Jaw  decidedly  enlarged;  dorsal  spines  not 

much  elevated,  the  longext  uxnally  not  reaching  front  of  soft 

duntal,  H  to  i;  in  head.    Coloration,  grayish  silvery,  the  dark 

markings  not  pronounced  and  often  obsolete, 

t.  Dorsnl  rays  X-I,  22  or  23;  snout  rather  shorter  and  lees 

poiute<l  than  in  31.  atnerieauuM,  3^  in  head ;  mouth  smaller, 

the  maxillary  3  in  hea<l.    Coloration  usually  plain,  Konie 

times  very  dark,  otherwise  as  in  Itentieirrhut  avterieanuji. 

HAKTINIOBKSIK,  1858 

it.  Dorsal  rays  X-I,  24  or  25;  snout  longer,  3^  in  head;  mnxil 
lary  reaching  nearly  to  middle  of  eye,  2}  to  3  in  head 
eye  small,  2  in  snout;  tot-tli  villilorm,  in  broad  bands, 
the  outer  series  of  the  up)>er  Jaw  very  much  enlarged, 
larger  than  in  the  other  species;  ventrals  abort,  1|  in 


Jordan  and  Evemiann. — -Fishes  of  North  America.      1471 


IKM^toralii ;  (lectoKLi  1}  in  liBod;  ekndal /'»li»ped,  tbe 
brntwl  roiinilnil  Tower  luliii  longiT  tliau  tho  vriite  np[)«r; 
suiili'H  all  cttMioiil.  ihoHo  of  tUi*  bnutftt  lurgrr  aiid  r«gtl> 
larly  iiluctsl.  ColurKrnytob  «ilv»ry,  witli  obscure  ilnrker 
clandu  along  th«  back  and  aideM,  tbeae  mnrka  f<iriui»K 
ilnnky  bant,  niiioisg  oblif)Dely  forward  and  downward  to 
roMld'Tubly  bvlow  the  iatcral  line,  ttit-Hn  oflcn  oljHolete; 
the  liar  at  the  napo  aaildlK-Ukt';  llDiiiK  "f  K<ll  vavity 
dusky;  pocloral  yi-llnwinh,  diiaky  nt  tip;  an  obHuure 
ilnaky  streak  alouj;  Ihu  lowur  iiarta  of  aitloa  ninnin);  Into 
lowor  lot)«  of  CMndttl.  AMKRirANUH.  18M, 

Mk.  Outer  tpi-th  of  iipporjnw  1<<hii  eulargod ;  npinoiw  dcirsal  ulovated, 
tbe  longpst  Hpinii  rcocliing  piiat  fruitt  of  tujft  dorsal.  <(«  length 
I)  in  head,  rulorailim  Atniugly  timrked,  bixly  Marcvly  ail- 
very;  ryiis  Ninall,  3}  in  anuat,  2  iu  intcrorbital  arm,  about  7 
In  bead;  iinout  long,  blnotiab,  3]  iu  bead;  mouth  Urgo;  mux- 
Ulary  roaobing  middle  of  oyi-,  21  in  bead;  pFitornla  1^  in 
h(vad.  Colordiiaky  gray  alxivo,  soinctiiou.t  bluiklsli,  ibi;  back 
and  KidoR  with  iIlHtiiict  dark  oliliipic  croHH  Imnds  ninuiBg 
downward  iind  fiirwiird,  Ibe  untorior  1  at  tbe  uupe  extocid- 
■ug  dowuwunl,  uiveting  tho  iioeoud  and  thus  ronnlng  n 
V-r>hnp('il  blutrh  on  «ach  aidr;  n  <lark  lateral  strouk  Imund- 
ing  tbo  palo  cutor  of  tlio  Indly,  most  distiiu't  ]ioMt(?ntirIy,  and 
oxteniliiig  <iii  lower  IoImj  of  caudal;  inaidu  of  gill  cavity 
acoroely  diiaky  i  pwtoral.i  dark.  sa.tatilm.  I84X). 

fQ.  Moalh  smaller,  the  niaxillary  reaching  scarcely  to  front  of  eya, 
3Jl  in  hi'od ;  tj>i>t1i  on  Iowct  pbnryngvals  Idiintisli;  volorullon 
grayiHb,  with  dark  slreaks  along  tbe  rows  of  Hriilos.  Snout  long, 
UtUe  prujocting,  3t  in  bt-.-vd  j  oyr-  hiiiiiII.  7  In  li(>a<l,  1\  in  snout,  1} 
iniDt^Torbititl  iir«a;  Dutert4H<1hiuu|i|H!rJawmiHlorat(0yeulurgiMl; 
lower  ]dinryng(mU  a  little  bro.'idiT  tbiiri  in  .1/.  a■tnen«antl^^  tho 
toelh  ooiirsiT,  and  many  of  tlifiii  hhtntitili.  none  of  thniu  rooily 
nnvliLr;  pe^toriilM  IMn  head;  scaIos  all  i-lcnoid.  Crdor  sooty  gray- 
iflh,  with  liriglit  ruilwtious;  the  back,  all  the  flus,  anil  nnder  side 
of  bpaild risky ;  nudiitatiiig  linen  along  aidi'S  niunin);  upward  nnd 
bockwa-rd,  niailL>ord.irk  [xiintx  in  center  ofisu'h  sciiliv  hnck  ofton 
with  vi<ry  faint  dark  rross  bant:  tdge  of  opervlo  dnsky :  lining  of 
gill  o»vity  aligbtly  duaky.  tnOKHJlTUil,  1841. 

TTioiRinji  (umtra,  shade) : 
Ml.  Oill  rakers  preneul,  very  ohort  nnd  rather  slender;  lower  pbarjTigpals  rather  broad; 
nonir  or  uiont  of  the  (oelli  nmlar,  that  in.  rnlarged.  with  thickened  rounded 
heMls,  the  uiolar  ti^th  rnvering  ut  lenst  the  anterior  portiiui  of  the  iione ;  teeth 
In  tho  outer  series  of  upper  ,iaw  scarcely  larger  than  the  others :  scjiles  on  liroaat 
small. 

Upper  lobe  ul  caudal  longer  than  lower;  scales  rather  smaJl.  about  2^  in  an 
oblique  seriex  rnim  vent  forward  to  lateral  line;  axillary  ni'ule  \  l«ni>tli  of 
peetnraJ;  snout  very  little  pro.i<T.tlTig ;  gill  rakers  very  short,  ,'t  f  5,  Iho 
longiist  aWut  \  diameter  of  pnpil;  lower  pharyngeal  lionen  narrower  Chan 
in  titUiinlU:  boily  more  elongate  than  in  other  spAcies;  eye  amall,  T  in  head, 
anoiit  long,  3  in  bua<l;  iiioutli  small,  tbn  maicilUry  scarcely  rcaehiug  front  of 
eye;  anterior  soft  rays  of  dorsal  almost  twice  sa  long  a-h  the  iH»sti*rior  ones. 
Color  hlnish  on  sides  nod  back,  silvery  below,  without  8tri[>CH  or  bands. 

EL,UN(tATU!*,  18^. 

Upper  ]«lw  of  candiil  nut  longer  than  lower:  scales  rather  large,  15  to  18  in  an 
obliqne  series  from  veni  npwarti  nud  fiirwanl  to  lalertil  line;  axillary  scale 
not  i  b<nglh  of  poi'tiiral:  nnout  ditlioitly  jirojvcting  beyond  mouth,  3t  in 
haadi  gill  raken  larger  than  la  other  speciM,  the  longest  abaat  |  la&glh  of 


1472 


Bulletin  47,  UniUd  Slates  National  Museum. 


pupil,  the  nnmbftr  i  \1:  lowrr  pliarynfrwil  banM  broad.  Color  aOmr 
gray  nboro.  with  lildlnb  and  bronze  rollectionn,  ironaeolate;  a  dark  bninM 
aliudi<  iilnD^'  Bidrw  on  li>vel  of  poctomln.  cx^rndina  to  tall  and  skjug  cbeeka 
belly  bclovr  thi*  abruptly  whit*';  donuU*  lisht  brnwn,  apinan*  dorud  black 
at  tip,  the  bimr  narrowly  white ;  caudal  pale^  its  tip  usually  black:  inner 
lining  of  pectoral  and  rentraU  blockiah;  giW  cavity  palo.  uttobaus,  IttO. 


18*S.  ■R^TTIl'IBRHUS  NIHnM,  Jonlan  ^  EiRenmann. 

Head!!^;  di'ptli  -I;  eye  Ti}  iulicid;  snout  Sj.  1>.  X-I,  22;  A.  1.8;  bcjiIw 
f>-5L'-in.  Hody  rolnist:  buck  sotnuwhftt  conij)resso<l  ami  regularly  arched; 
dctptb  about  itiiiforin  betwetMi  the  lirat  doraal  tipiiie  mid  the  first  soft  ray; 
candid  luMliincle  nitlior  heavy;  distance  froin  laBt<lorHal  rny  to  beiginninj; 
of  luiddlo  caiidnl  r;iy  sliyhlly  lunro  than  2  in  head.  Head  snbcouical; 
profil*!  Btiie|i,  fili},'litly  depressed  over  the  poaterior  [tart  of  eyes;  snout 
iibrtiptly  biduted,  turned  up  anteriorly,  auj|{geHtiii]^  the  form  nf  simnt  in 
tho  eorftciit  Iftteroiioit:  n  largo  inciiiionB  in  tbo  npper  lip,  3  large  oval  aud 
3  siuull  round  pores  abD\'c  thetu,  as  in  otUor  species  of  Afenlicirrhut;  month 
hori/outal,  iuferiur,  the  snont  e\tt'inliD|[;  J  of  its  length  beyond  the  pre- 
jnaxilliiry;  maxillary  exteiiditig  past  middle  of  eye,  slightly  more  than  3 
iu  head.  Teeth  in  lower  jaw  viiliforni  in  rather  broad  bands;  u])pcr  jaw 
with  a  bandof  KMiall  teeth  and  an  outer  Mnies  of  enlarged  ones;  Inrf^eat  tooth 
of  the  oiiterserit'8  slightly  biugerlhiin  the  nil  icrior  nostril;  preoperole  with 
fiue  widely  placed  tuoth  on  its  uieiiibrauiins  border;  gill  rukers  obsolete; 
pseudidinDichiic  \t>ry  large;  lower  pharyngeal  teeth  viiliforni,  thos<'  of 
the  tuner  aeriRS  much  enlarged;  llrst  dorsal  beginning  behind  hufle  of 
pectunil,  the  lirst  spin©  minute,  the  second  spine  liighcst,  reaching  to 
third  dorsal  rny,  IJ  in  head;  posterior  margin  of  spiumis  doriinl  deeply 
concave;  dorsal  soft  rays  low,  subeiinal;  enudal  uuei|iially  Innate,  the 
uf^per  lobe  much  the  longer,  l\  in  head;  anal  inserted  under  fifth  dorsal 
ray,  its  spine  weak,  a  iu  he.id ;  the  anterior  anal  rays  much  the  longer, 
but  not  extending  tn  tip  of  last  rays;  veiitrals  1  ■;  iu  pectorals;  pectorals 
1^  in  heatl.  Scales  large,  nil  strongly  ctenoid,  tliose  in  the  lateral  line 
&nd  thosi'  above  it  more  or  less  covered  with  smaller  ones;  soft  dorsal 
with  a  very  narrow  Hcaly  sheath;  bases  of  puetorals  and  enndal  densely 
scaly,  the  rest  of  the  tins  nak&il.  Color  grayish  above,  ligh(«r  Itelow; 
lower  parts  of  sides  with  nuuierons  dark  points;  faint  lines  Ibllowiug  the 
rows  of  scales  above;  spinonx  dorsal  dusky,  anal  with  dark  specks;  axil 
and  inner  margin  of  pectoral  duHky  ;  other  litis  ]daiu;  liningof  gill  cavity 
dusky.  This  spocica  seoma  to  differ  from  Mrnticirrliut  Ha$ua  in  tho  sir.e  of 
tho  eye,  the  sizoof  theteotb,  and  the  xiite  audshapeofthesnoat.  Dr..iordan 
has  examined  ihe  type  of  M.  niiau»  nnd  veritii'd  tbodisaeriptton  of  Giinther. 
Tlie  large  size  of  the  eye  in  .>/.  uanut  is  not  duo  to  the  iinuiatiirity  of  the 
typical  exani]de. .  Pacillc  eo;utt  of  tropical  .America ;  >Iazatlaii  to  Panama, 
rather  coraiuuu  in  tlio  surf.  IbTu  described  from  the  ty]>c.  (triniNU,  pug- 
uoscd.  J 

UmlieirrhuA  naiiit,  JotinxN    A    riiLIiKIlT,  Kutl.  T.  S.  Fiitli  Com  hi.  1882.  107  and  111:  nut 

Vintiriiiii  Hitmii,  liOsTHKB. 
Menlicirrhui  niiiwir,  .liiHiiAN  >V  KlonSMAin),  KeWvw  Sciaiolda!,  427,  IBS),  Maxatlan.    (Typo, 

2ro.282IK!.    CoU.GUbort.) 


Jordan  and  Evemtann. — Fishts  of  North  Ameriea.     1473 


18M.  MENTICIBBHITH  !«A8rH  (GflnUwr). 

HejMliH;  depth  1;  eyo  4j  in  head.  D.  X-I,22;  A.  1,8;  scales  B-n4-It. 
Eye  very  liirgo;  unoiit  jtrojet'titig  beyond  lowt>r  jaw  for  a  distaiiRe  itHout 
tM|nal  to  \  tlio  diatnoter  of  the  t^ye;  nroiitli  hiueiII,  iufurior,  tlx' maxillary 
roacliing  to  bi-low  middje  of  eyo,  '■*•  in  li<'a<l ;  pectoral  \\  in  head,  caudal  fin 
/-shaped,  the  npiiiT  li'liy  pointed,  the  lowr  roiuulrd.  Color,  silvi-iy;  (ius 
bliifliisl).  Paniiiuii;  nirp.  I}er<»  doscrilicd  frnni  tln'  typp  iiud  from  a  snuill 
Bpeciuieii,  the  Mooiid  known,  t.ikou  l>y  Dr.  ('illiort  at  Panama.  It  in  cIo«« 
to  Mtn\ic\rrhvi»  «{m)M,  but  the  oyo  is  larger,  the  snout  longer,    (ntuiu,  long- 

UOMd.) 

TwAHiM  noiut,  G05TnKR.Fiiilieii  Ccntml  Amerion,  387  ■nil  430,  IMO,  Panama;  Jkuuxv, 

I'm-.  Ao.  Nut.  .Scl.  IMiiln.  1883, 280. 
Mmticirrkiit  naxiu.  JORDAN  &  ElOEWMANN.  I.  e.,  429, 1889. 

lS.'i7.  JIKSiTinURHI'S   Pi>'AIE>KIN  (Steindiirbiier). 

Head  3i ;  depth  I.  ]».  X-I,  W  to  '21;  \.  I,  9;  orliit  ?  in  heiul;  anout  aj; 
maxillary  3^;  liigtaeHt  dorHiil  apiuc  ]\;  :iu:il  Hpiuu,^;  caudal  IJ ;  ventrals 
i\;  pectorals  1^^.  ISody  elongate,  not  iiiuih  coniprestii-d;  back  elevated, 
the  oiitliue  bnt  little  curved  from  Bnout  to  first  tlorsal  Hpine;  from  thti 
latt«r  point  it  dpBcendH  in  a  straight  line  to  the  p;indul  pedumle;  ventral 
outline  roimdod;  caudal  pedauele^lf  in  head.  Head  lonn,  Boiuowhat  eon- 
ical;  nioiitli  a  littlu  obliiino;  niaxill.Try  extending;  to  thp  vertical  from 
posteritvr  part  of  pnpil,  3  in  head;  outer  tet-tli  of  ti])per  jaw  inucli  enlargud; 
those  of  lower  jaw  Kuhtvpial;  sunni  blunt,  projectiug  heyoiid  tlio  pre- 
maxillaries  ne:u"ly  i  the  diaiuotyr  of  eye;  intertirbilal  »pa<'o  llattish  4?  iu 
head;  jireorbital  7  in  head  ;  barbel  narrow,  with  a  conical  ba.se;  gill  rakers 
tnberc'ular,  81):i{h^  of  lateral  lino  like  tliat  of  dorsal  i  ■iiitiiiir;  scales  in 
lateral  line  50  or  51,  in  the  serieti  from  latiral  line  to  lirsl  dorsal  npine  8, 
to  vent  17  or  18.  First  ilorKul  wpino  niinnte,  the  third  longest;  tirst  dorsal 
rays  highest,  the  (in  Ijeeoniing  uradually  lower  jioaterinrly ;  aual  spine 
Weak,  i  as  long  as  the  rays;  iijtper  lolie  of  caudal  acute,  a  little  shorter 
than  the  rounded  lower  lobe;  poctorula  large  ami  strong.  Color  brownish 
above,  lighter  below,  the  tower  jiarts  more  or  loss  thickly  speirkUul  with 
brownish  dots,  these  dtsa]i])earing  almost  entirely  on  the  breant;  dorsal 
and  caudal  tins  dusky,  with  darker  luargius;  lower  tins  with  considerable 
black.  I'acilic  coast  of  tropical  America,  Ma/.atlan  t<>  l^inauia;  rather 
common  at  Panama. 

rmbriiM  iianantrnnt.'  STCIirttAOltMlCIt,  Ichtb.  Beitr..  rv.  9,  187S.  Panama. 
Mmtieirrliui  ijaniimen*i$,  Jori>a.n  it  OxtntXT.  Uull.  l^  S.  Fiab  Con.  1882,  107;  Jo*dak  & 
EiODCHAHK,  (.  c,  4'J9,  1889. 

1«WH.  MK?rTIIIIiRlirx  )IABTIMrE>SIS|Cuvicr&  ViUvncleonefl). 

(Je\V8HAUI>  Dlll'VMEB.) 

Head  3?  ;  depth  4-J ;  snout  3^  iu  bead.  D.  X-I,  22  to  2-1 ;  A.  I,  7;  scales 
6-i>2  to  5,5-10,  54  pores.  Month  comparatively  large,  the  maxillary  reach- 
ing to  l*«dow  middle  of  eye,  1!J  to  3^  in  head;  teeth  on  lower  pharyngeals 


*  Stnindaehner's  mtiiark,  "Dlo  Ilnhe  ilea  Uti^ten  3.  UiinuiUtachrJa  gleioht  ilE<r  Lttngo 
der  ('niiiixt"  ralor  itiT  IVrternl*-,"  it  f«r  from  tortv i-t  in  sdiilt  Hi)C«iiii«nR.  Tlio  voung  h«TO 
the  iliMmil  liiiiliiT  ami  llic  iirctontlH  Hlmrlcr.  lint  utrreu  otbvrwiie  fnirl.v  wltb  liLa  deaurip- 
lluu.     The  c<ili>ratl<iii  j»  luueh  darker  tliRii  atAteil  by  biiu. 


Msnte;  enter  teeth  of  npper  Jaw  decid«dly  enlarged.  Dorsal  spines  not 
inncb  elevated,  the  longest  iihitiilly  not  reucbing  {h)nt  of  soft  dorsal,  1^ 
to  1}  ill  head.  Lower  lobe  of  raiidiU  longest.  Snout  rather  nhortor  and 
less  pointed  thun  iu  M.  anuricanu*;  moatb  smaller,  the  maxillary  '.i  in 
heiul.  Cnluratinii  ii8u;illy  plain,  sometiuies  very  dark;  back  and  niAi^ 
usiiallr  with  oblique  dusky  bars.  AVest  Indies  to  Patagonia;  very  loiu- 
iiion  on  the  toast  of  lirazil,  whiTi-  it  replaces  the  closely  related  M. amcri- 
r4inu9,  from  wliich  it  \<i  not  well  Kcparated.  Onr  specimens  are  from 
JiimaicB.     (Named  for  Mnrtiuiqae,  the  type  locality. ) 

Umbrina  martinienmi;  CuviEli  Si,  VAUtfiCIBMNBK  Hlxt.  KaL  Poi«i.,  T,  IW,  1830,  Mar- 
tinique; (iliNTiiEU,  ('at.,!!,:??, IMO;  JokPiLN, Pr<iG.  C S. Kat. Mm.  1886, S3S. 

Umbrina  gmeilu,  CiriEK  &:  VAUU«nE.<«ms,  Hiat.  Nat  Polos.. T,  Itt,  1830,  Braiil ;  ODlC- 
THBB,  Cat.,  It.  27V,  1860 ;  ,Ti>BUAk,  Proo.  U.  S.  Kat  Una.  18M. S3». 

Umbrina  armala.  Cuviaa  S-  V AUiic\xs»tui,  Hist.  XaL  Pvi«*.,  v,  190,  1630,  Brazil; 
GCktiikii,  Cat.,  Ii.  2T6,  I860. 

Umbrina  januaria,  StrixdacHMKB,  Ichtb.  B«itr.,  V,  122, 1876,  Rio  Janeiro. 

itentieirrhvM  martinuentit,'  Jokdah  ■&  EiosxiiAWlf,  I  c,  420,  188Vi  Ubbu.,  Ano.  Uoa. 
llui<n.  Aires  IW>.  W. 

18«*.  IKNTHIRRHrK  .tSKRHAKIJM  (Uiina<iu). 


(CABOMKA  WHITINO;  SANIi  Whitinu.) 

H«ad3.J;  tli'pth  i  to  5;  eye  <>it  in  hend;  snout  3^.  D.  X-I,  24  or  25;  A. 
I,  7;  scales  li-r>5, 11'  pores.  Mnsillarj*  re;i.cbin}4  nearly  to  miildle  of  eye.  2.f 
U)  H  in  lieadj  eye  aiiiall;  teeth  villiforui,  iu  brnad  bauds,  the  outer  series 
of  the  npper  jaw  very  much  iiiliirgcd.  larger  than  iu  the  other  spt-i-ii-s; 
vt-ntrwls  Hbort,  l.J  in  pectoral.'!;  pocturals  IJ  in  iiend;  caiulal /-shaped,  the 
briiixl  rounded  lower  lobe  louf^er  than  the  ticnte  upper;  scales  all  (-teiioid, 
tlioBc  of  tlie  breast  larger  and  roguliirly  pliu-fd.  Color,  jjniyish  silvery, 
with  <d>scure  darker  clouds  along  the  buck  and  sides,  these  marks  form- 
ing: dusky  hiiTu,  running  oblicgiiHly  forward  and  downward  to  considerably 
below  the  lateral  line,  theHi*  oftrn  nb.snlut)' :  the  bar  at  the  nape  saiblli-- 
likr;  lining;  of  gill  t-avity  dusky;  pectoral  yollowiMli,  dusky  at  tip;  an 
nbsciiro  dusky  ntreak  along  lower  part  of  sides  running  into  lower  lolxi 
of  caudal.  South  Atlantic  and  (iulf  coiLtts  of  tbo  ITnited  States,  Chesa- 
peake Kay  t.o  Texas;  very  cionituon  on  the  sandy  ooasta  of  our  Southern 
Stat*^8,  where  it  is  ii  food-fish  of  boihk  importance. 

'  W«  luye  examined  tbe  tj-pea  at  Umbrina  marfini«mn«  and  P.graeitii)  in  thn  mnnpcmi 
■t  Paris;  alau  namoroas  •peciiiifitia  Iu  thn  miiiimiiu  at  Cambridgs,  a]iiiur«utlv  ii|«iillca) 
with  Iheae,  from  Rio  JaoKiro,  Kiolirainlo  duHul.  Viotoriu.  Bahia,  bdiI  Miinlwldeo.  Thn 
■poctM  SMOia  to  lio  uoonunoD  iu  Soiitli  .Vmcriraaii  itc  analogno,  Jf .  amtiirnitu;  \a  in 
north  Anierioa.  Ttii>  two  um  «M-tH-(liiiKl\  alike,  uiiil  martinienuiji  in  prolinMy  u  j>ru. 
Krapliii:»l  vaiinly  (>f  tlia  otlier,  ill9tiii;;ulslii'il  |>«rlia|>«  Ijy  n  ili^litly  «m«Ilir  niiiii)H-i' of 
ravs  Iu  llm  diirwVl  liu.  Woro  ituot  tluil  tin-  ,s.i;cnoidl  fuuna  iit'  Soiilli  Aiuurioa  18  I'hirtlv 
ilintsreiit  froQi  tlutt  uT  Nitrlli  .Vuicrira,  wonlittiitil  ncArcelv  ImHitiitu  to  {tliu'n  innrtiitiirmiU 
in  the  ayiiotiymj  «f  miifriranut.  Umbrina  faitvfiria  in  apiiarcrillv  linm-<i  u|>un  tin-  n|ivi-J- 
mens  (run)  Kio.laiiiir"  I'xiuniiicd  by  us.  ItHbrina  j/rartdj  wa«  Iianoil  uu  th<- d  ric<l  siciu 
iif  ayuuu^  t'naiiiplu,  dlHlnrleil  and  vnrniHhisl.  t'mltrinit  nrmala.  lu  dnorriltrd  by  I'nyter 
ii  Viil«'0<»'niii«,  down  imt  differ  at  all  I'niiu  .If.  »iar(iiuVnui«.  AHdrarrllH'd  liy  l»r.  Gua- 
llier.  Lhn  hcuNm  arf  7'J  t«  78  Iu  armaln.  Itig  ovidcnl,  liowcver.  tlutt  t  iunllivr  Iiaa  r»itQU4 
not  tlio  iiorirt,  Imt  the  nniulior  of  virtii'al  8prii«  of  .icmJi'S.  iiml  tlii'at'  rantr  fmm  7U  t«  80  in 
Ufurly  all  nf  our  mx-fiin,  tin-  iiuuiIht  emieodiUB  tlii>  iiauibiTuf  |i<irt»i  by  aliont  ill.  and 
•liiiilarly  oKi-edini;  tliu  jiiiniiMiruf  uldii|iiL>  seriee.  We  see  UD  rpawiu,  Iht'tefort,  fornot 
placlDC  artnata  ia  tbu  ayuonouiy  of  martinianaii.    (Jordan  &  SlKeniuann.) 


Jordan  attd  Evcmtann. — Fisfus  of  North  America.     1475 


AVmmtm  amertnmM  (the  Whltingl.  Oatmbt.  N>t.  Hlat  Caroliiuu,  etc.,  pL  12,  f. 2, 1736, 
Carolina. 

Cyprinii'  mntricantu,  LiSVXVa,  Syat  Nat.,  Ed.  X,  321, 175S,  Caroliaa;  bMcd on  tbo  WhitiDl! 
of  C'ATKsnr :  not  Cuprinut  amorieanui  of  (be  twelfth  editjoo  of  tlie  SyatcjiiB  Katuriv, 
wliirh  ia  a  Cj-prinoid. 

rerea  alf'Umin,  Li.nNvKDB>  Syat.  \al ..  Ed.  xn.  482, 1876.  Charleston.     1 1  Ml  Ur.  Garden. ) 

rinbriiiii  phaltma,  OiRAlili,  PriK'.  Ac.  Nat.  S<:i.  Phila.  Id.'iA,  1C7,  Indiaoola,  Brazos  San- 
tiago; GiKAItn.  r.  S.  mill  Mrx.  lioiiml.  .Survey.  13, 1839. 

Cmlroi>omtu  allnimvt,  L  \rt.H.VK.  Hint.  Mat.,  I'niAii.,  tv,  349, 2S7, 284, 18112. 

frntrinn  albumut.  (JL'VIEU  &  VauO)C1>.NNEH,  HUL  Nat.  PoU«..  V,  180, 1830:  GOirniXR,  Oat,, 
11,275,1860. 

Uenticirrliut  a</>umiu,  JORDAN  &.  U ILBEHT,  Synopals,  &77, 1883. 

UtntitirrhuM  annrienittu,  Jokua.\  &.  Biukhmann,  i.e., 430, 18S0. 


I860.  ■KNTlt'lHKIirS  KAXATILIK  (Dloob  &  Solinaidvr). 

(Ki.vQriHn;  Sea  Mink;  Nobtbekk  'Writinci.) 

Head  3}  to  4;  depth -tj  to  4};  eyoTinhend;  snontaj.  D.  X-I,  2(;or27;  A.I, 
8 ;  BCttles  7-63, 14porea.  Oatertei^th  of  upperjaw  less  enlarged;  Hjiinoiiadnr- 
aal  I'levated,  f.bc  lon^CHt  8|iii)0  rciich injr  ]>;i6t  front  nf  Hoft  doraal,  its  l<-iigth 
li  ia  hc^od;  cnloriition  atroogty  luiirki'il,  Kody  scarrely  sLlvvry.  Pralile 
Hlii;ht>Iy  (lopresaed  jiliovc  tin-  oj-ea;  eye  small,  2J  in  snout,  2  in  iiitcror)>i- 
tal  area;  snout  Ion;;,  liliiittish;  iiioiith  large;  uiasillsry  reucliiii^'  middle 
of  nyc,  2,(  in  head;  veiitralH  11  in  |H*i'tora)H,  whicli  are  |i  in  lu'iul;  sciileH 
all  oteuoiil.  Color  dunky  gray  above,  somi'tinics  bliii'kisli,  the-  lj;ick  iiud 
aides  with  distiiK'fc  iliirk  oliliijiie  crosa  bundu  running  dowinvard  mid  for- 
ward, till"  .aiiti'rior  one  .it  thr  nape*  oxt«"iidiiig  downward,  nnu'tiliE  th'' 
aeoond  and  tlinH  Juruiing  a  V-Hlinpeil  lil«t<'li  nti  r^achmde:  a  dark  lateral 
■treak  bounding  tl«'  jwli'  i,olor«>r  thti  bolly,  most  dintiBict  ]i(.i8tiTiorly,  and 
t!S.tvDdini;  on  low«r  lob«.«  of  caudal;  iimido  of  gill  ciivitj'  scarcely  dnaky; 
pectorals  <]£>i'k.  Atlantic  and  (iidf  toastH  of  thv  United  Htute.H,  Cape  Ann 
to  Key  \Ve!<t  and  IVniaacolit ;  must  coiumoa  northward  on  Handy  liottoius. 
An  excellent  food  tisli.  ThiN  speuicH  is  generally  common  along  the  coasts 
of  our  Nortbuni  States,  its  greatest  aloindaoce  being  north  of  the  limit 
of  M.aintririitiux,  a  siicci4'H  wliich  it  vt-ry  elosely  resonittlt^H,  Mu-  didfroncos 
being  of  minor  importance.  Sontlnv.'ird  itH  distrilottioti  seems  to  hf  pecu- 
liar. A  large  spfcimen  wa.<!  ul>taiii«d  i>y  Dr.  Jordan  at  I'eii.saoola  and 
several  small  ones  at  Key  West.  All  thcNe  are  very  dark  in  color,  but 
not  otherwise  evidently  ditl'ereut  fioui  the  coiumou  northern  furin.  (mlt- 
atilU,  pertaining  to  rocks.  J 

JiihtiliiMtnmUlit"  HufX  n  .V.  .SrUMEtDEH,  .S.vst.  Itlilli.,  7ri.  IHUl,  New  York. 
JfmrMrrAw<<iTii(i(w,JoaUA.<c,  Proc,  Ao.Nat.  ^<'l.  Pbilft.  1883, 280  <Dutv  no  typ«  of  BuiCH 

&  SinKKIKBH.) 
VrntrriHtt  uWmiIom.  CPirrffKa.  Cat.,  II,  275, 1860. 
MenHrirrhiii  neliiiUiMui,  .loilUAN  &  (jIUBKIIT,  Synopaia.  577, 1883. 
J/mdVtrrhiMMza/ilM,  JoBHAN  H  GiaENHAJlN,  (.c.  4;tl,  1X89. 


*Tlin  orifcinal  type  of  JohniiiJi  tnxiifilii,  atsut  bv  ScbopC  to  Uluch,  ia  atlll  in  tb»  niuseiai 
at  Borlln,  whcriMl  ban  Ih'Imi  oxaniintHt  by  iix.  Tli<i  nninc  tanXUit  tor  ibr  Wbllliiii, like 
thai  of  rnjnlis  ti>r  Ihi-  \Vvn](liNh.  ciiuii'  about  lbri>iij{b  u  coiiruHioii  of  tbn  vernnnular 
MauK«,  (lip  MUIi|>uiH-iL  '  Kiiiiillnli  "  iH'iiii' uunicd  "JuAniiu  rr<;a<u"  by  lllocb,  and  tb<>  Mnp- 
imMd  "Uockuab,"  "Juhiiiut  taxatiti*. 


1476         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 

IMl.  MENTICIBRHU8  niCDnLATUB  (Oirard). 
(California  Whitino;  Samd  Sdckeb.) 

Head  4 ;  depth  4  to  5 ;  eye  7  in  head ;  snout  3^.  D.  X-I,  25  or  26 ;  A.  1, 8 ; 
scales  7-60-11.  Mouth  smaller,  the  maxillary  reaching  scarcely  to  front  of 
eye,  3^  in  head ;  teeth  on  lower  pharyngeals  hlnntish.  Snout  long,  little 
projecting;  eye  small,  2^  in  snout,  1^  in  interorbital  area;  outer  teeth  in 
upper  jaw  moderately  enlarged,  about  as  in  M.  $axatil%$;  lower  pharyn- 
geals a  little  broader  than  in  M.  americanvt,  the  teoth  coarser,  and  many 
of  them  bluntish,  none  of  them  really  molar,  those  of  the  inner  posterior 
comer  of  the  bone  much  enlarged;  hipchest  dorsal  spines  1^  in  head,  their 
tips  reaching  to  soft  rays;  ventrals  1^  in  pectorals,  which  are  1}  in  head; 
scales  all  ctenoid.  Color  sooty  grayish,  with  bright  reflections ;  the  back, 
all  the  fins,  and  under  side  of  head  dusky ;  undulating  lines  along  sides 
running  upward  and  backward,  made  of  dark  points  in  center  of  each 
scale ;  back  often  with  very  faint  dark  cross  bars ;  edge  of  opercle  dusky ; 
lining  of  gill  cavity  slightly  dusky.  Southern  California,  north  to  Santa 
Barbara;  rather  common  along  the  sandy  coasts;  a  food-fish  of  moderate 
importance,    {undulatut,  waved.) 

TTmbrina  ututuhUa,  Gikabd,  Ftoo.  Ac.  Xat.  Sci.  Phila.  1854,  148,  San  Diego,  California 
(Coll.  A  Caasidy) ;  young  individual;  Ouabd,  U.  S.  P.  B.  K. Surrey,  x,  101,  1858. 

Uentieirrhut  undtilattu,  J  obdam  it,  Oilbbrt,  Synopsis,  578  and  933, 1883 ;  Jokdaw  &.  ElOBir. 
XAMlf,  {.  c,  432,  1888. 

Subgenus  UMBRULiA,  Jordan  Sl  Eigenmaon. 

1868.  MENTI(1BBHU8  RL0NGATV8  (GoDther). 
(Verbuoata.) 
Head  3i;  depth  4f ;  eye  small,  2\  in  snout,  7  in  head;  snout  long,  3  in 
hetMl.  D.  X-I,  22  to  24 ;  A.  1, 7 ;  scales  5-53-13.  Upper  lobe  of  caudal  longer 
than  lower;  scales  rather  small,  about  25  in  an  oblique  scries  from  vent 
forward  to  lateral  line ;  axillary  scale  \  length  of  pectoral ;  snout  very  little 
projecting;  gill  rakers  very  short,  3  +  5,  the  longest  about  ^  diameter  of 
pupil ;  lower  pharyngeal  bones  narrower  than  in  littoralit,  the  molar  teeth 
smaller,  covering  the  whole  anterior  part  of  the  bone;  conical  teeth  on 
posterior  part  of  the  bone,  the  outermost  row  enlarged;  body  more  elon- 
gate than  in  other  species ;  profih*  low,  little  convex ;  mouth  small,  the 
max'llary  scarcely  reaching  front  of  pupil,  3  in  head;  second  dorsal  spine 
1|  ill  head,  anterior  soft  rays  of  dorsal  .almost  twice  as  long  as  the  poste- 
rior ones;  caudal  with  an /-shaped  margin;  ventrals  If  in  pectorals;  pe<v 
torals  1^  in  head.  Color  bluish  on  sides  and  back,  silvery  below,  withimt 
stripes  or  bands.  Pacific  coast  of  tropical  America,  Mazatlau  to  Panama; 
very  commou  in  the  surf  in  shallow  water.  Its  relations  are  evidently 
with  M.  littoralit,  but  in  several  respects  it  represents  a  transition  toward 
Mentioirrhus  undulatut,  its  nearest  relative  among  the  typical  Menticirrhi. 
This  relation  prevents  us  from  regarding  Umbrula  as  a  genus  distinct  from 
Mentiflirrhtts,  as  its  characters  would  seem  to  indicate,    (elongatua,  elongate. ) 

TTmbrina  tUmgata,  GCntoke,  Ptoc.  Zool.  Soc.  I.ond.  1864, 148,  Cliiapas;  GIJiitiikb,  Fishes 

Central  America.  387  and  425,  ]>1.  64,  Ak-  2.  1868. 
MeiUicirrhtu  rlongattu,  Jordan  &  GliaxBT,  liull.  V.  S.  Fisli  Cumm.  1882, 107;  Jordan  Si. 

£lOXNMANN,  I.  c,  432, 1888. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1477 


1M3.  aOTll  IKBHIK  MTT(tKAMS4Hotbrook). 

(SUUF  WumSUi  SlLVEB  Whitisu.) 

Head  3^ ;  depth  i\;  eye  (H  in  bead;  niioiit  ^.  D.  X-I,  23  to  25;  A.  I,  7; 
[•(■.lies  6-'i3,  12  poreii.  T'pper  lube  (vf  caudal  nut  lonj^cr  than  lower:  acalett 
[r:ithHr  large,  I.'i  ti>  IK  in  au  obli<|iie  sories  from  vi^iit  upwuril  and  forward 
I  to  luU'rnI  liuc;  nxilUry  Hc-nin  not  \  len^^th  of  ]io<-toral;  aiuiut  diMtinclly 

projvclinK  lirynud  uiunlli;  ^ill  rakorH  larger  tliau  in  othor  ttpecies,  thi!> 
llotii^est  iilMiiit  \  IfUgtli  of  pupil,  the  niiuilierx-f-  V;  lower  pbaryupi'ttl  bouea 
1 1)n)ad,  most  of  tlii<  toctli  developt-d  as  coarse  niolarx,  only  those  along  the 
Iporiterior  margin  conical;  uiiixillary  rvuching  paat  front  of  orliit,  'A\  in 
[head;  outer  teeth  of  uppor  juw  nciiricly  enlarged;  lungoat  dorsal  ttpinos 
[reaching  past  front  of  Hoft  dorHiil,  the  free  uinrgin  of  the  tin  concave;  cau- 
Idal  nttber  deeply  liiualc,  the  lower  lobe  rounded,  the  upper  pointed;  ven- 
I train  \\  in  pectorals,  which  arc  IJin  lie;«d,  Color  silvery  gray  above,  with 
lltliiiith  and  liron/c  rellcctioDM,  iu)niaciilatc  ;  Ad»rk-1iron7.eHhaiio  alongBidca 
■on  lorel  of  pectoniU,  extending  to  tail  ami  along  cheeks;  belly  below  this 
Inbruptly  white;  dorsaU  light  brown,  xpiiiuus  dornal  black  at  tip,  the  base 
[n.-irrowly  white;  cikudal  pule,  its  tip  niiuully  black;  inner  lining  of  pitctorul 
land  veutruls  blackish;  gill  cavity  pale.  South  Atliiutic  anil  Oulf  roaitts 
[of  the  Unite<l  .Statea,  North  Carolina  to  Texas;  generally  common  in  the 
Isurf  along  the  sundy  Blion-s  of  the  Southern  States.  It  ruecuibleii  jlfeNfi- 
InrrftiM  amert<-anH«  somcwh.-it  in  external  characters  ho  that,  it  has  oft<Mk 
I  been  confounded  with  it  liy  cureless  nliservere.  Its  technical  distinctions 
[»re,  however,  iitinierotiH,  and  in  the  form  of  its  pliuryngeal  teeth  it  ditfera 
I  in  a  marked  degree  ftom  thu  true  ileHt\cirrhaii.  {lilloralit,  portitiniug  to 
I  the  Mhore*.) 

[t'MMna  MIoraiU,  1I(>uiuo<.ik,  Iclilfayol.  S.  Carolioa,  tat  iirt.,  143,  iil.  30,  Kg.  1,  KkVl,  South 
CwoKna;  GOjrrmtn.  Cut.,  M.  -'Trt,  |MK». 

ilmtirirrku*  UllortUit,  •roU>A.-«  &  OUJitIrr,  Synopsis,  SOS,  1883;  Jokda.'«  A.  Eioexua.nn, 
1. 1).,  4:13,  IHSU. 

592.  PARALONCHURUS.  Hocourt. 
(C0KVAXO8. ) 

I  i'aroJoiu-Aunu,  lUx  ui'HT.  Kniiv.  An'htr  Miu.  Paria,  iv.  31,  18C0  Ijirtrrn). 

\  J'Uonrthut,  UocuutiT.  Noiiv    Arolilv  Uuk.  t'ftrlii.  ir. 23, 188)1  (ituM&rili);  not  I'otneifrkui, 

i:ki'M>^  llCiO,  H  i:iiiiu»  >>f  wiiniia. 
Pali/fUmMt.  IlRitii,  Aaa.  Man.  Vao. Baouw  Aire*  1886, M  ^<^mn*riii}|  «obstitnt«i  for  I'ohj 

rirrlnUL  |>rraccU|ii<Ml. 
L  jr«n»«K<>n.  •liiNPA.'*  A  Kvkiivaxn,  CbiH.'k'Llal.  401.  ItVK  (mlUnmlU 
[  Zo/lriMiM.  tilLliKlcT,  ni  ■ToKfiA.'f  ^  KVKttMANN,  Cbn^k  LIkI,  41>I,  IBSn  (//(wrfW). 

Ho<!>  more  or  less  elongate,  the  head  rather  slender;  preopercle  without 

liiiny  m-rtaturui;  a  row  of  rdemler  barbels   uloitg  the  inner  edge  of  the 

Ldentary  Ixmcs,  and  a  small  tnft  at  the  chin;  no  pseudobrauchin-:   gill 

rakem  obHolete,  i>r  nearly  so;  tei'lh  in  bands,  the  outer  aliove  enlarged  or 

not;  soft  durval  usunll.v  nither  long;  spinous  dorsal  auil  anal  u)0<lerate; 

Bctdes  iiiotlerate  iir  rather  KUiall;  caudal  long.     Species  rather  numerous; 

[HontU  Amcricttji;    closely  agreeing  in  t4.'chnicul  cboraoters  but  divisible 

|iut«  4  strongly  marked  groups  which  may  be  genera,    (jTctiJii,  near;  to  lAm- 

\ehiKTaii,  with  which  gnniiK  they  agree  in  the  absence  of  pseudobranchiu*). 


147G  Bulletin  4^j,  United  States  National  Afuseum, 


IMI.  aEXTUIRBUDR  IKOCLATUB  (Girard). 

(CALirOHNlA  WUITtNO;  SAMO  SCCICKIt.) 

IToad'l;  deptli -t  tofj;  eyi- 7  in  bead ;  snout  3^.  D.  X-I,  2ri  or  26;  A. 1,8; 
•calxa  7-4i(>-l  1.  Mouth  B(ii;illi-r,  tho  iiiaxiU;iry  rnachinK  srarcely  to  froutof 
eye,  31  in  heiul;  teeth  on  lower  ]ihiiryn^i-;ils  Mantiflh.  .Snout  loofr,  littlr 
projectiu;;;  eye  Bniall,  1,\  iu  suout,  If  in  ioterorbital  arou;  outer  te«th  in 
upper  jiiw  mudenitely  i-ulargcd,  sibuiit  iw  in  Si.  tojatilii;  lower  pharyn- 
Keiila  a  little  broader  th:iD  in  M.  nmerican«»,  tlio  toctb  roarscr,  and  oiMiy 
of  tbeni  bluntiKli,  none  of  t.boiu  reiilly  molar,  thoHe  of  tho  inner  fioeterior 
(-ornor  of  thi-  bono  miiib  oiilitrged;  btfilioet  dorital  Hpincs  li  in  head,  their 
tipH  reucbiug  to  soft  ra.v»;  veutrals  li  iu  pcctonils,  which  are  1!  iu  bead; 
Bcttlew  all  «-t€iti<»id.  Color  sooty  grayish,  with  bright  rctlections;  the  back, 
all  the  linH,  ami  under  side  of  heiul  dusky;  undulating  liacti  along  sides 
mnning  upward  and  bu<'kward,  made  of  dark  points  iu  center  of  eaeh 
acalu;  back  often  with  very  faint  dark  crosu  barn;  odgi-  of  opcrcle  doaky; 
lining  of  gill  cavity  ulightly  diiaky.  Southern  California,  north  to  Santa 
Barbara;  rather  comnion  along  the  oandy  coaatH;  a  food-luth  of  moderate 
Inipurtanco.     (iindttlaiuif  waved.) 

Umbrina  undulata.  GlBlBU,  Proc.  Ac.  Niil.  Scl.  I'hila.  \BH.  MS.  Sao  Diego,  California 
(t'till.  A  ("luisidj');  yoiio);  IndiTidiiul;  GtBAiin,  IT.  S.  V.  R.K.Surv<>y,  x.  101,  IsM. 

Mmticirrhiu  und ulal in,  J OiOHkH  ii.  OlLnEItT,  Syoupaia,  578 and  933. 1883,  JoBtiAJr  i  KlilSX- 
MAHN,  t.  c,  432,  1888. 

Subgenus  UMBRULA,  Jonlan  St.  Kigenmann. 

]Moa.  HEXTiniiUHIN  KM)NOjkTl>K  (Glintbor). 

(VEItltrOATA.) 

Head  .3j^;  depth  4};  eye  small,  2^  iu  snont,  7  in  head;  anoiit  long,  3  in 
head.  1).  X-I,  22  to  24 ;  A.  1, 7  J  acalen  5-53-13.  Ifiper  lobr  of  caudal  longer 
than  lower;  scak-a  rather  aiiial],  about  25  iti  an  oblii^ue  8<-ries  from  vent 
furward  to  lateral  line;  axillary  Hcaloi  ln'iK^h  of  pei'toral;  snout  very  little 
projecting;  gill  rnkcra  very  short,  ^1  +  5,  tbi-  longest  about  J  diameter  of 
pupil ;  lower  pharyngeal  bone*  narrower  than  in  HUorali«,i,\ie  inol.Tr  teeth 
Hiualler,  covering  tbe  whole  anterior  purt  of  tho  boue;  conical  teeth  ou 
posterior  part  of  the  bone,  the  (nit4friiio»t  row  enlarged;  body  more  elon- 
gate than  in  other  HpueieK;  prolib'  low,  little  convex;  mouth  HUiall,  tbe 
max'llary  scarcely  rearhiug  front  of  pupil,  3  iu  bead;  wecoud  dorsal  apine 
1}  in  head,  unterlor  soft  ray!*  of  durnal  aluiotit  twice  as  long  as  the  jioste- 
riorones;  ciiudal  with  nii/-Mhaped  margin;  ventrals  Ij  iu  pectoralit;  pe*-- 
torals  li  in  head.  Color  bluish  on  Hides  and  back,  silvery  below,  withunt 
stripes  or  hands.  I'acilic  cutiat.  of  tropical  America,  Mazatlan  to  I'anama; 
very  cumniou  in  llie  surf  iu  sballow  water.  Its  relations  are  evidently 
with  .)!.  Utlnralit,  bat  in  seNeral  respects  it  represents  a  transition  toward 
MentiiHrrhuii  unduhitiig,  its  nearej^t  relative  among  the  typical  Slcuticirrki. 
This  relation  prevents  us  from  regarding  ('■mbmla  as  a  genus  distinct  from 
Mentirirrhut,  as  its  characters  would  seem  to  indicate,    (tilontjatui,  elongate. ) 

Vmbrina  rlongata.  GOnthkb,  Fruc.  7.ool.  SrM^.  Ixind.  1804, 148,  Chiapas;  GUSTBXK,  FialiM 

Central  .America.  387  and  42S.  pi.  64,  fi|;.  1!.  1860. 
Mmtieirrlitu  rluiigaUu,  Johi>an  &  UluicsT,  Hull.  U.  S.  Fiab  Cumiu.  1882,  lUT;  JoapAH  & 

SlOEKllA.<n(,  I.  c,  432,  1888. 


i 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1477 


18«)l,  MKXTiriKBRCfi  LITTOBALIN  (nolbrookj. 

(Sl'Pt'  WlllTlSO;   SlI.VKR   WhitINO.) 

HeiMl  3J ;  depth  4]} ;  eye  6i  iu  heart ;  snout  S*.  I).  X-1, 23  to  25 ;  A.  1.  7 ; 
BoalcB  6-f>3,  12  poreB.  fpin-r  lube  of  caudal  not  loujfer  than  lower;  Mcalea 
ntthrr  largo,  15  t'>  IK  in  an  i>f>lir|ut",  seriuo  froiti  v«iit  tiiiwiird  aud  forward 
to  lateral  linp;  axillary  Kralu  not  {  length  of  [ii>ctoral ;  snout  dintiuctly 
projectiii);  licvoiid  month;  \(\\\  rakerM  larger  tliun  in  othnr  Hpecies,  the 
lotiReflt  aliont  i  leiigti)  dI'  [nijiil,  the  iinmber  j" -f  7;  luwrrpliarynp'al  bones 
hriiart,  most  of  the  teeth  duvolopt-d  as  roarse  tmilars,  nnly  those  iiluiig  tJio 
postcriur  ui.trgiii  conical;  maxillary  reaching  pjist  frtiut  of  orliit,  3.)  in 
headj  outer  teeth  of  iipjier  Jaw  sciiri-ely  oiilarfjed;  loiigeat  donsttl  Npiiic* 
rearhiiiy:  past  lYuiit  of  Koft  dnr^al,  the  free  niurgiii  of  the  fiu  concave;  cau- 
dal rather  deeply  liinule,  the  lower  lolio  Toiinded,  tlio  iipjier  pointed;  ven- 
trals  li|  in  pect«ral«,  which  are  H  in  head,  t'olor  silvery  gray  aljove,  with 
bluish  and  liroii/orotlrctiojis,  iuiniaeiilate;  a  dark-hron/.e  Bhailo  alon^  aide* 
on  level  of  ))ectorjilt(,  extending  to  tail  and  alonj;  elieeks  ;  Ik  lly  helow  this 
abri]i>tly  white;  dorsals  light  browu,  spiiioiM  ilorsul  blaek  at  tip,  the  base 
narrowly  white;  caudal  jjale,  its  tip  nKu;illy  hlaek;  inner  liii)U)<  nt  pectoral 
and  ventrak  Idaekish;  k\\\  cavity  ]iivle.  South  Athmtie  aud  Gulf  eoatsts 
of  the  United  StateH,  North  t'aridina  to  Texan;  j^enerally  enmiiutn  in  the 
surf  along  the  unndy  shores  of  the  Soiitberu  States,  It  riJueiiibleB  Mevli- 
drrhHK  americanu*  somewhat  in  external  characiem  so  thai  it  haa  often 
been  ronfonndcd  with  it  iiy  earelnus  olis&rvura.  Its  technical  distinctions 
are,  however,  numerous,  aud  in  the  fotui  of  its  idiaryngeal  teeth  it  dltfers 
in  a  marked  degree  from  the  true  Menticirrhut.  {Hilgralit,  pertaining  to 
the  shores. ) 
r'rM&riNii  Uttoralit,  Holbbook,  luhthyol.  S.  CuvUiib,  Ut  ed.,  143,  pU  20,  tig.  1,  186«l,  South 

CaroUoa;  GCmthkb,  Cat.,  n,  276,  IMS). 
Jlntitirrhm  tiOoralui,  Jordan  &.  GtuiBBT,  Synopaiii,  033,  ISgi;  Jokuam  &  EiaKXMA.vK, 

L  e.,  43%  1889. 

592.  PARALONCHURUS,  Mocourt. 

(ColtVALOS.) 

J'aralonrhuniM,  But  OCRT,  Niiiir.  Arcliiv  Mils.  I'arlii,  IV,  31,  1809  (jirtrrn). 

I'oltfeirrhu;  IVOCOIIIIT.  NouT.  ArcUlv  Mu».  I'arin.  IV.  22, 18110  ((luinerili) ;  noi  Polgcirrkut, 

If  BPliE,  lAM),  »  ^oniiK  of  nronnit. 
/'ffff/ririnrif,  BiciKt,  j^iai.  Man.  Ksc.Uuenw  A ii«a  1699,54  (<htmer{li)t  •ub«tltutv  for  roly- 

eirrhiut,  preoccopied. 
Zmtofion.  JoutiA-V  Sc  ttVERMAHH.  Cbi-ok-LiAt,  401.  IBSA  Irathliini). 
XtuUnllll.  lilLUEUT,  ill  .TORDA.N  A  KvEKMANN,  Ch«ik  Lijit,  401,  1886  Uiowln). 

Ikxly  uioro  or  less  elongate,  the  head  rather  slender;  preoperele  witljout 
bony  wrratures;  a  row  of  ^leiiiler  barbels  alon^the  inner  edge  of  the 
dentary  bones,  and  a  ftiuall  tuft  at  the  ehiii;  no  pseudobranchin' ;  >;ill 
rakers  obaoletf,  or  tieaily  so;  teeth  iu  bandft,  the  outer  above  oiilarfjed  or 
not;  floft  dormtl  usually  rather  long;  Kpinoiia  dorsal  and  anat  uioderatc; 
HCiiles  UKMlnrute  or  rather  Huiall;  eaiidal  long.  Species  rather  numerous; 
8outh  American;  closely  agreeing  in  teehnicul  characters  but  diviniblo 
iuto  -1  strongly  marked  groujis  vvhieh  may  l)e  genera,  (tritpd,  near;  to  Loh- 
oAj»r««,  with  which  gemiH  they  agree  in  the  abf^ouce  of  psuudobranchiie). 


1478         Bulletin  47 >  l/niled  Slates  National  Museum. 


a.  Body  nitlipr  cli«p,  th«  hwk  HomewhAt  clevnt«i].  the  depth  alrant  3)  in  leagtb;  bod; 
with  liUi'k  cniHit  liarn:  lmrlM>lK  t>lpndor. 
roLTrucxcB  (»o*«,  mBDJ;  "A./iOv,  twltf,  from  Ihti  nijuiy  barlwla) : 
b.  Dorsal  rays  about  IX-1, 22;  canilnl  tin  iloiiMo  iruDcatr,  the  oiiddlc  rays  longest. 
e.  Pectoral  1)  in  bnul ;  <i<ili>r  i^ruyixli.  wiUi  41  hraail  bUok  cnwn  ItarH  ■»&  Ijody ; 
uiilcr  Ivi^lli  u(  u)i|icr  .jaws  scarci'ly  oulargod.  DUXBUU,  )i64. 

ZOVOSCION  (^ofot,  r,out;  ff«idi',  S<nirna) : 
bb.  Diintal  raya  \-I,  ^  to32;  ciiudal  tin  obliquely  lniiicat«,  lunati>  <ir/'»baped. 

d.  Dorsal  rnyH  X-I.  SO,  ciunbil  /iibapt'd,  the  iuidill»  rayh  liiuge«t;  |KH-tonil 
1|  iu  bead ;  outer  Icvlli  iilwve  lomewbat  eiiUrKe<l ;  block  l>ar»  ou  body 
faint.  RariintiNi.  1MB. 

aa.  Body  comparatirely  nInnKate,  the  ili-|>lh  about  4  in  longtb;  tbo  back  not  elevated: 
I'lilor  dusky,  tbi<  dark  crosH  barn  I'aiiit. 
ZAOLmx'tt  (i;a.  un  intcuNlvL-  pnrticle  -,  iiA<mo«.  twit;,  fruui  the  large  barb«li>i : 
d.  Upjicr  J.'-tw  without  oii]ari;i>il  li^*tb  in  it«  outi>r  sorii*}*;  Imrltcla  cooHplraoiu; 
poctural  juodcrate;  caudiil/'Sbuiied,  Ibu  lowor  Uibo  lot>)(c«t. 
t.  Paotoral  1 }  in  head ;  color  diuky  wUb  faint  orosa  ban.    D.  Xl-Si  to  '£1  ^ 
■calM  iS  U>  48.  ooouBl,  18M, 

FAIUXiOIICH  U  B  DS  : 

dii.  Upper  ,iaw   willi   the  outer  aerir'a  of  teeth  enlargfad;    1>arbela  v«ry 

nlvndtTi  ])i>i;ti>ral  vc?ry  biiiKi  cumlal  lonK,  pointed. 

/.  ri't'toral  very  Iiin^.  i>om<<wbat  linigrT  than  boad:  ratidal  pointed,  u 

long  UK  lieail ;  culiir  dusky,  scarcely  burred.    U.  X-I.  30;  acalL-a 

SO.  rCTEBS],  18GT. 


Subgenus  POLYCLEMUS,  Borg. 

18«4.  PARALONCIIFRUS  DUNERILI  (Boeourt). 

Head  3*;  dipthi!?.  D.  IX-I,  25;  A.  II,  7;  t>rl>it  ^  in  heftd;  snoatSI; 
iiiaxillai-y  ?i| ;  lushest  dorsal  Hpiuu  2j  ;  tlorMnI  ray  2^  :  aecund  anal  spine  4; 
lengtli  of  caiidut  1^;  pectorals  tl;  vuiitriiU  1>.  I!o<ly  rathiT  iOon;;ate,  the 
liiick  aomewliat  elevateil,  voiitriil  imtliiiii  a  littlti  curvud.  Head  low  and 
small;  prolik'  Kt«ep,  Boiiiewlmt  foiicjivn;  snout  Houmwhat  :iciito,  xvith 
]arf;u  Hlits  iiiiil  porea;  proorbilal  bro:id;  iiit«rorbital  iireii  broad,  convex, 
3  iu  hoad;  inoiitli  siiiall,  entirely  inferior;  luaxilliiry  extending  to  the  ver- 
ti<-»I  ironi  the  posteiior  jiart  of  pupil;  toetli  on  jaws  aiuall,  vUlifomi,  the 
outer  scarcely  larger;  preopcM-cio  roiiudedj  ita  edge  with  aoft  cilia  whiob 
grow  ]ur;;er  from  nliovc  downward ;  gill  rakers  ."J  or  4  +  7  or  8,  niiuute,  thick, 
jab;  pBtMidoliranchiii'  iiotib.  Head  ami  liody  covered  with  weakly  ctenoid 
eciili'H,  5^  rn  thu  lateral  Hue.  Lateral  liim  much  .troked  anteriorly,  becoiu- 
ing  strai^dit  over  Ihe  iinal  tin.  A  tuft  of  barbels  at  tko  xynipbysia  of  the 
luwiir  .fi'w,  a  Mingle  row  of  M  or  ll>  barbels  rnniuDg  backward  along  the 
lower  eil}.'4^  of  I'ai-h  raiiiUH.  Biiraal  H]tiiiea  rather  Btotit,  thu  lirat  miuiito, 
the  tliird  liiiigest,  tbn  otberH^railualty  growing  »liorter  to  Itiu  ninth,  which 
isnlKHiti  tht>  li'ugth  oC  tln^  third  H])im';  soft  dorHul  Iow^t  than  spiuotis, 
the  liu  with  a  nealy  ahentli  at  tbu  base,  its  ini'inbriuies  coveri'd- with  »niall 
gi'ulea;  veutrals  liliforni  at  tiji;  aual  inserted  wtU  forv%ard,  its  llrHt  apiuc 
iiUoiit  as  large  n«  the  tirHt  dot-Hal,  tliu  iiecond  Htroug;  cauditl  double  tniu- 
rato,  ('o)or  bliiiHb  gray  aliove,  silvery  below;  G  rather  tiroail,  distioct 
crosH  barn  of  ilark  brown  extending  frutii  the  back  down  the  Hiden.  Meni- 
briiues  nf  dorsal  tins  dusky,  growing  darker  iu  the  ri'giun  of  the  body 
bands  and  on  the  edges  of  the  fins;  eaiidal  dusky,  lighter  ne»r  the  base; 


veiitnUs  and  aiud  p«le.  witit  daaky  «dgw;  paatHili  •  littfo  dMkj,  dariov 
OD  tbe  iunerside.  LvustJi  s  to  13  iaebML  I^iBHaa;  •>— itiat  —  — «iy 
ahores ;  •  very  strongly  maxked  tpecicK.  It  Im*  Veca  woagly  dHeiitad  ■• 
powMsiBg  pa«adobraacbuF.  Oar  ■peeiaaaB  oManad  by  Dr.  GQiwit  mt 
i'anama.  (Named  fur  Aopwte  DnaMI,  ifhUiyhgirt  af  the  ■■■■!!■  at 
Paris,  aittbor  of  2  voliimea  of  aa  nnfrnwhfid  Hiatoini  Xatsnl  daa  FaMaaa; 
son  of  A.  M.  f 'oQHtaat  Ihimeril,  aathor  of  IchUtyolngie  Xa^ytaqae.) 

Palgeirrkut  dumrriU,  BucxL'Kl.  Noirr.  Anh.  Una.  4'HiaL  Satar,  nr.a.lM|.  L«  Uooa 
(CoU.  F.  Bueourt);  Jomoia.  Pim.  Ac  HaL  8eL  rWfe.  UB.  SB;  bM>  •■  nauiMTt 
ty|K). 

Omyonraiu*  /ateuilut.  SrKuauuasMMM,  Ichih.  IMir-.  n,  XI,  URV  Pk^Mw ;  Joaaaa  A  Giu 
Biorr.  ItuU.  I'.  8.  Fub  Cooun.  lOX,  111. 

l'ol]teirrk»t  dupuriti.  JoBiuK  &  KMKSiun.  1. 1^  US.  laB. 

SubgCbus  ZONOSCION.  Jm^m  A  Erafataaa. 


18«&.  PARlLOXrHI'Rrs  RlTHBl'^ri  (Jotdaa  A  BoDanB). 

Head  3^  (1>  in  total);  de|itii  :<>  (4^);  eve  4^  ia  haad;  aiMmt  3|.  D.X-I, 
29  or^W;  A.  IL(>.  Lateral  line. >3  to  .to.  Ikxly  elongate,  coinpre»*ed ;  back 
elevated,  profile  frnia  aiiout  1u  doraul  i<tr:ii(i;^Ut  ur  alightly  S-ahapod;  v«d- 
tral  outline  gently  arrbt-d,  btuM  of  auol  oblique;  caudal  peduncle  abort 
and  cotupresisfiil.  Hi;»d  lovr.  little  (.'oiu]irease4l.  Snont  short  and  blunt,  3} 
iubvail.  Moil  tb  small ;  maxillary  slightly  longer  than  in  /'.  j>«ni<iaiM,  reacb- 
iug  pupil,  3  in  bead.  Teeth  small,  villiform.  oiit«r  enlarged,  th<Ni«  of  upper 
jaw  liirgf.Ht.  I'reopercle  with  a  ereuulate  iii<!tnbrauaceoiiH  border:  least 
widtb  of  preorbital  ti  in  head.  Gill  rakera  Hbort  and  rather  thick,  5  -|-  10, 
lower  much  smaller.  Scales  on  anoat,  lielow  eye«,  and  on  anterior 
part  of  breast,  cycluid;  caadal  scaly;  dunal  and  anul  ueorlj'  scale- 
leas,  with  a  scaly  sheath  at  bai»o.  First  dorstil  spine  very  nhort,  inserted 
over  base  of  pectorals;  third  and  fourth  eipial,  2^  in  head;  anterior  dor- 
sal rays  3  in  bead,  posterior  2j ;  second  an.il  8pine3iii  beiid,  longest  ray 
3;  distance  Initweeu  baftes  of  ventrals  and  anal  3  iu  bwty.  Pectorals  not 
extcuilin<;  beyond  ventrais,  IJ  to  1}  iu  hi'iid;  ventralij  not  reaching  vent, 
1}  to  H  in  bead,  outrr  ray  ii lumen tonit;  longest  cauilal  ray  li  in  bead, 
the  median  rays  Inngcet.  the  upper  lulic  slightly  tmncato  and  slightly 
co^^a^  o,  the  lower  cut  oH  still  uiore  obliijuoly.  Color  bluish  sitvery,  more 
yellow  beneath;  scales  from  buao  iif  pceturalii  to  caudal  with  largi-r  dots; 
back  with  4  or  5  very  faint  broad  dusky  croH«  tiauds,  the  I  at  ami  of 
spinous  dorsal  largest;  a  lihick  spot  tiir;;iT  lliim  <-yo  near  origin  of  lateral 
line;  membriine  of  spinous  dorsal  tbii-kly  dusti-d;  soft  dorsal  with  a  pnlu 
streak  through  its  ini«l4lti!;  anul,  outer  i  of  vrtitruls,  and  nearly  all  of  |iuc- 
torala  dusky;  caudal  rusty  at  busv,  ftdlowed  I13' a  jiale  ara:i  and  then  a 
dusky  one;  a  large  black  humeral  spot.  Lt^ngth  7  inches.  Isolated  to 
FaralonrJiitruii  periiaiius  (Steiudat-hni'r),  frnin  wbicli  it  is  separated  liy  its 
shorter  pectoral,  shorter  duraat  spines,  longer  snout,  and  more  dorsal  rays. 
I'ausmit;  rather  rare.     (N.iined  for  Mr.  liichard  Katbbiin.) 

Polycirrhu*  rnllihuniJutitiAS  Si.  BijlJ.MJU«,  I'tuv.  O.  S.  Js'al.  Muh.  1«8B,  182,  Panama.    (T/pe, 
Na  41170.    CulL  AUiatrou.) 


1482         Bulletin  4^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


interorbital  nrea  ns  broad  an  eye,  whicli  in  uBloitfjaasuout;  snout  small,  10 
in  btMwl ;  suoiitsoft,  depressed,  with  coiisjiiciioii.s  pore  at  tip ;  mouth  oblique, 
Buhinferior;  maxillary  reacliing  a  little  beyond  eye;  teeth  iu  tine  bands; 
liarbclH  2,  imt  Itmner  than  eye;  preopercle  with  crennlate,  meint)rAnaceoas 
margin;  upper  ruyuf  pectoral  iiiucL  elougate,  2)  in  body;  ciindal  elongate 
liuiceolnto,  -I  in  body ;  lirst  ray  of  ventral  reaching  front  of  anal ;  aual  short 
and  lii^h,  its  spin<^K  weak,  inHorted  before  middle  of  soft  dorsal;  scales 
mostly  <-yi'kiid ;  lateral  line  Uccomiug  straijiht  iibove  anal.  Color  brownish ; 
pectoral  aud  caudal  Hub  bbtcl;,  otiier  Hua  dtisliy,  (Cavier  &  Vtileuciennes.) 
West  IndioH  to  Guiaua;  rurt;;  not  seen  by  qb.    {lanatolatvM,  lance  shaped.) 

Ptrt«,  toiMMiata,  Blocb,  Nor.  Act.  Sc  CoiM-iih.,  in.  383, 1788,  India. 

Xon«Auru#  baW>a(iu,  Blocii,  Inbtliyol.,  pi.  300.  1793,  Surinam;  CtrviES  &  VuxKCWncES. 

Hlat.  Nat.  PoisH.,  v,  193, 1830 ;  de-'crilnyl  frum  Uu  X'li'g  type. 
ZionokurtM  dejtresiu*,  BLocn  &  ^•rrsKWEn,  Syst.  Ii-lilh.,  102,  1801,  Surinam;   CmKB  ic 

YaLEHCIWWM,  Hiat.  Kat,  Poiaa.,  v,  196.  1830;    CiOktiikb, Cat.,  11,317, 1840. 
LtHtkunttlamtobUnf,  OOxTHKttX^t-.  ".m.\MO,  Jobdak  /t  EiQsiiHUi!i,l»..i3*,i8M. 

594-   POGONIAS.   Lacdpede. 

(Ska  Dbums.) 

Pogoniat,  ZACtPtV*.  Hlat.  Nat  roiss.,  ni,  138,  IHOS  (/iueiatm=en>mi»). 
Poffottathu*.  hArt.i'f.DV..  mat.  Nat  PoUa.,  v,  121,  IMS  (rovrbina), 

Rody  short  and  deep,  the  dorsnl  outliuo  much  elevated,  the  ventral 

nearly  strai(;lit.  Mnntli  moderate,  the  upjier  jiiw  Uiagt'St;  teeth  small,  in 
viUifonii  biindHj  tbo  outer  not  enlarged;  lower  pharyngeal  bones  large, 
fully  united,  .irmed  with  strong  paved  teeth;  lower  jiiw  with  niinierouH 
barbels,  eiirli  about  ^  a.s  long  as  the  eye;  preoperculnm  entire,  with  a 
iiienibrau:iet<'Uii!4  cdKc  Dornal  tins  sllghlly  connectrd,  the  spines  high  and 
strong;  caudal  lin  siibtriincute;  lirst  anal  spine  tihurt,  the  second  exceed- 
ingly large,  nt-iirly  as  long  as  the  soft  riiys;  pectorals  and  vontrals  long; 
gill  rakers  short  and  bluiitieb.  Pxcndobranchiie  large.  Marine  species, 
reaching  a  very  large  si/.e,  among  the  largest  of  the  Sciamidtr,  2  spet^ies 
known.     (;rw,>'iiji':'ii;,  baarded.) 

a.  Body  <lc«p,  llio  iteiith  ntwiit  2)  in  Irogtli ;  suoat  'blunt,  31  in  bead.    T>.  X-l, 31 :  acalra 

47;  hiii-k  iiAually  iviltiniii  iliatiiiit  <rMiqiio  streaks.  cbomis,  IMW. 

aa,  Uody  more  elun^'itU-,  (he  driUb  abtnit  ;i  in  length  :  tb»  fiuunt  more  aoat4<,  3{  iu  baad. 

D.  X-1, 10;  ai'alen  50;  ool.ir  more  silvery,  with  oblique  ialut  dark  strrska  along 

the  rows  of  scoli'S  nliove.  COVMUNA,  ltt7Q. 


IMO.  POOOMAM  iRdXlS  (Linnieoa). 

(I'BrM.) 

Head  34;  rlepth  2i;  snout  3)  in  head.  D.  Sr-1,  21;  A.  II,  5  or  6;  soaleT 
5-47-9.  Rudy  obloug,  the  back  nitich  elevated,  ventral  outline  nhuoat 
straight,  the  dtptb  rapidly  diminiwbiiig  from  the  first  dorsal  8i)ine  bnck- 
wiirtl ;  proiile  rather  steep  mid  alitjhtly  c(H)V6x  ;  mouth  moderat<e,  inferior, 
Iho  inaxlUnry  not  renchiug  middle  of  eye,  3i  iu  hiad;  teeth  in  brood 
baadti,  the  outer  series  aliovo  scarcely  enlarged;  snout  blunt,  longer  than 
aye;  lower  pharyngeals  large,  completely  united,  covered  with  muay  blunt 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fisfus  of  North  America.     1483 


molars  and  n.  small  patch  of  conical  teeth  at  tlio  onter  poRt«rior  corner ; 
>;ill  rakiirs  I  +V1,  vurv  Khort,  slouiler;  duraal  siiiuti.s  l)i<j;b  Init  Blender,  thn 
fourth  higibeHt,  2  iu  head;  eaudiil  siibtninciitu;  second  aual  Hpine  very 
larc^e,  about  2  in  b('a<l ;  portorala  aliout  wm  loug  uh  bead ;  Hcules  large,  those 
on  lireaat  small.  Color  grayish  silvrry,  with  4  orfi  broad  divrk  vorticiil  liarH, 
tbesi'  disappearing  with  age,  usually  tio  o)>Iii|iic  diirk  Htrvaks  along  riiws 
of  scales  abiive;  liuM  blackish.  Athmtic  •-oiMts  of  .America,  Lmig  laluud 
tu  mouth  of  th(.«  Kio  (iraudc;  touuiron  uii  tb<>  tiaiidy  cotiHtsof  thi*  United 
Statc'K,  where  it  reaches  a  very  largo  size,  probably  the  largest  of  all  the 
Sciwnidtr.  The  largest  specimen  recorded  waH  tukuii  ;tt  St.  Augustine, 
Florida,  and  weighed  148  pounds.  It  is  rather  a  course  lisk,  of  iia  great 
value  as  food.  (I'hromis,  xfio^ii?,  an  old  uaiuu  of  eoiuv  iiah  of  this  ty])e, 
from  xpiMfio,  to  graut  or  cruak.) 

Labru*  eromit.  Litw.Kl'.s,  S>-«1.  Nat..  E<1,  Xli,  47»,  1766,  Carolina. 

I'lyviiiat  /aneiatu/,  Lackpf.ue,  Uist.  Nul.  I'oinst..  in,  i:i7,  18K!:  CrviKR  i  Valekciehmbb, 

nii>UX>tPai>ui..v.  210,  111.  lis,  1830 i  GtaABU,  U.  S.  lUiU  Mox.  Uound.  Survey,  U,  1BS9; 

<iir!(Tnsii,Cat.Kiali.,  ii,27u,18«0. 
iluj/il  irrmiitinn,  MmiiiLL,  Ui'port.  in  pari,  Fixbes  New  York,  18,  I8U,  New  York. 
Sdttnti  futca.  MiTctliLI.,  TriiiiB.  Lit.  ami  I'bil.  S<m'.  1815,409,  New  York. 
HeitKoa  ffigas,  MirCMII.l„  Tnina.  Lit.  und  ThiL  S<h'.  181&,  4i:t,  New  York. 
Labnu chromii.  ScHCpf ,  Scbrift.  Katurforscl).  Freundc,  llerlin,  viu,  158, 1788. 
Pogotiia*  ehnnnit,  CfviKk  6i  Valencikwnks,  Kint.  XrI.  Poiu.,  V,  2(10, 18.10^  DrKav,  New 

York  Faiiuii:  FihUm, 80, 1813;  G('irrRCii,Cat.,  ii, 270, 1800;  .Iokdan  &  O ilbsbt, Synop- 

■iK.  568, 1883 ;  Jr)ni)A.<f  &  KloEMNAinf,  r.  c.  i3f:  pi.  4,  tigB.  10  itml  11, 188(1. 
tal-run  griinnirm.  MiT<"nn.u,  Trans.  Lit.  ami  Pliil.Sov,  1815, 40S. 
ilng\lrfigat,  UiTCBiLL,  Kei>ort,  in  imrl,  Fliihei  New  Vork,  l(i,  1811, 

1870.  PUOONLiS  CODRBIKA  (Lac«p«dc). 

Head  SJ;  depth  3.  D.  X-I,  lf»;  scales  50.  Scarcely  diatitict  from  Pogo- 
niat  cromi$,  the  Krale?  a  little  smaller,  tbc  body  a  little  ujoru  elougate,  tbe 
donal  rays  fewer;  ooluratiuu  more  silvery,  with  faint  dark  streaks 
«blii|n©ly  along  tho  rows  of  scales  above,  (iuiaiia.  to  Uinguiiy;  rather 
comiiiDU  in  Brazil,  (rourhina,  Portuguesi'  Dauie,ei]uivaleDt  to  the  8paui»b 
and  l.atiu,  Corrina,  croaker,  from  fore  it*,  crow.  J 

I'ogonatHuB  courbina,  LacepkDK,  Hist.  Nat.  r'ui!>N..v.  121,  1803,  Rio  de  la  PlaU. 
Pot/ania*  enmU  eAurbina,  JoKOAH  It  ElOEitjiAJtK,  (.  ■;.,  iSS. 

59$.  APLODINOTUS,  Hatiuesque. 

(RiVKE  Drims.) 

ApiodiHOtUt,  RAriNHflgirC,  .lAnr.  ilii  I'bj'x.  1810.  418  iffrunnimt). 

Ainblodou.  UAyiytwiVE,  Aom\  di.:  I'byit.  I81S,  418  (ItaJtbd  <in  the  pharyngouJ  tcctk  ol  A. 

ijruiinirnf,  RU|ip<iii<.Ml  to  tielong  twu  Hpe«i(«  iif  liiilTulo-riHli). 
llapluidomiliiM,  <iiLi.,  Proi'.  \c..  Nat.  Sol.  Pblla.  186],  102  (unieiidml  orthography), 
KulyehtlitJitit.  .loaDA.N,  Man.  Vort.,  Ed.  t,  242,  1870  (ridiardtoni  -^  ftrmtnitiu). 

Body  oblong,  tbe  sniuit  blnnt,  the  back  elevated  ami  compressed ;  month 
rather  Biuull,  low,  bori/ontal,  the  lower  jaw  intliided;  teeth  iu  villiforni 
bands,  the  outer  above  scarcely  enlarged;  no  barbels;  paeudobranchiu- 
rather  small ;  gUl  rakers  short  and  blimt;  lower  pharyngeals  very  large, 


1484         Bulletin  //,  United  Slates  National  Museum, 

ftilly  uuited,  vith  coarse,  blant,  paved  teeth,  tu  in  Pogonitu;  preopcrcie 
Bli>;bUy  serrate;  dursiil  apiucN  Btroii|r  iiud  high,  witli  a  close-fitting  acal.v 
Hbratll  at  batH-s  tbu  '2  duraaln  eoiuevrhat  connected;  8«coiid  anal  spine 
vpry  tttrong;  candal  doulile  truncate;  air  bladder  very  liirj;i',  aiuiple,  with 
iio  uppvibdago*.  Pyloric  I'ifcii  7;  vortcbrii' 10  +  14^:24.  Fresb  waters  of 
tbo  I'nitud  States ;  large,  course  lishea,  fording  cbiclly  ou  criistacoa  and 
tiiolliiKkH.  Tbe  gvuiis  is  apparently  allird  to  Pogoniat,  and  iHttb  tnay  b«i 
di'ScttudtKl  rroni  allies  uf  Romndor,  wbicb  is  int«rn)ediate  between  tkeui 
Aud  ^'cMCNa.     (dxAufs,  simple  or  single;  Karros,  ba«k.) 


P 


Itni.  JkrUODINOTUS  UBIXXIEKS,  Itaauewioe. 

(PWH-WATEK   Drum:   Gjlnl-CIUiOt^    TllL'NUEK-rL'MrKB;  LAKS   SUItltPSHaAtl i    ChiiAKKI^ 

BruBKR;  WiirrE  Perch.) 

Head  Si;  depth  2};  siiovit  H  in  bead.  D.  X,  30;  A.  II,  7;  acalea  d-rk5-13. 
Rody  oblong;  back  much  elevated  and  coni]>resMe<l ;  ]>rutilo  lung  ami  steep, 
s(ritiKbtiMb;  bond  xiigbtly  (':omim'8Bo<l:  luoiith  nioNiurate,  snbinl'erior,  low; 
ibo  maxillary  reitchLng  past  luiddle  of  eye,  S  in  boad;  eye  moderate;  teciii 
in  villirarni  bunds,  the  outer  above  scarcely  ont:irgod;  lower  pharyngeals 
ooiiiptetoly  united,  the  toetb  less  blunt  than  in  I'ogoiiini ;  gill  raker« short, 
thickiBb,  ft-|-M;  preopercle  obscurely  Berrate<l ;  snout  blunlish,  longer 
thiiiieyc;  liursiil  Hpiucs  strong  atid  high;  second  spine  bigbost,  2i  in  head, 
iiMcaly  sheath  at  the  base  of  spines;  the  3  dursals  connected;  second  anal 
spine  ver>  htrge,  mure  than  i  the  length  of  the  head;  cMudal  donldo  trnu- 
cat«;  Acalua  rat [ler  thin  and  deep,  the  ncries  somewhat  oblique;  scalef^  on 
breast  rather  )arj{e.  t^olnr  grayish  silvery,  dusky  aliiiv<<,  sumetimes  very 
dark;  back  ttonielimes  with  i>blii|ue  dusky  streaks  along  the  rows  of  scales. 
Great  Lakes  to  Texas;  abiiudant  ui  all  lakes  and  large  streams  west  of 
the  AUeghanicH  and  cast  of  the  plains,  reaching  a  weight  of  'lO  to  6() 
pounds,  its  tle.'ih  is  not  of  high  quiility,  and  is  often  tough  and  ill- 
Itavored  and  with  a  rank  odor,  especially  in  the  Lakes,  whore  it  is  not 
oft4-'u  uateu.  lu  Texad  and  Louisiana  it  hohls  a  high  rank  as  a  food-fish, 
tbu  quality  iuipruviug  suulhwurd.     ((;ni)imVN<,  grunting.) 

^;>l<><<i?to<tw  gruHnumn,  RAmnssijCB,  Joum.  do  Pbya.  1819,  88,  Ohio  River. 

SeifKna  oteula,  LESl'El'H,  Joam.  Ar.  Nat.  Sol.  Phils.  1SS2.  SS'J.  pi.  13,  Lake  Ontario. 

Sdana  trU»a,  LESVEt-R,  Joum.  Ao.  Nat.  Sol.  I'blla.  1832, 2Si,Uhia  UiTt-r  at  riltaharK,  I'a 

(Coll.  L«Sumir>. 
CorrinarieJiorilmmi.CvYMltfi.  VALENriKTOiES,  llht.Nal.  PuUn.,  v,  100.  1834}.  Lake  Huron; 

baaeilDnau  aljuormal  n|>e<'iuien  with  but  lB<l«vt'ln[HHl  niya  io  I  lie  ituconil  duraal ,  GCli- 

TRKB,  Cat.  Finb.,  u,  288,  1800. 
AuModou  confinnm,  Aoassix,  Anier.  Joar.  Soi.  Arta,  xvu,  1854,307,  Tenneasee  River. 
AmIiMon  Uneittiit,  AOAS.i|y.,  Amcr.  Jonr.  Sci.  Aria,  XVU,  I8&4,  :<U7.  Oaage  River. 
Atnhlndnn  ueiiUtlin.  tiiHAUit,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nat.  Scl.  PhiU.  1868,  187,  Rio  Grande  ;  (Inuui. 

n, .'«.  and  Hex.  Itnnud.  Sarvc.v,  13.  pi.  S.  tiKt.  S- 10,  IBSt. 
Amblodan  fmnnieiiM.  TtArniKStjVK,  Icbtli.  Obieufi*.  24.  1820;  GWAim,  C  8.  Pao.  IL  K 

Sar\py,  90,  iil.  23,  IS.'ig. 
napioidmiutuM  gruiininu,  GiLL.  Proc.  Ao.  Nat,  Soi.  Phil*.  ISfiL,  104;  JoiinAN  &UUJirKT 

.Synoiwl".  5fl7,  !*». 
Ovrrina  otettla,  C'lrviKU  i  Vaixncie-TOES,  Hist,  Nat.  I>ui>».,  v,  98,  1830. 
Oorriiin  otciUa,  GlItTUKB,  Oat,  I'1«h.,  II,  297,  1880. 
Carvina  (AmbhHton)  nefflteta,  STBUniACIWEB,  Icbth.  Notlua,  vi,  38,  IWi. 


(  HlHnON-FIBHKS. ) 


EqiuM,  Bloor,  lohtliyoloiiia,  1793  iamfrkanui—latmsotatu*)- 

Eiiuirltu.  UArtJtEMjrs,  AnalvKc  ilt>  la  Xnhire  1B15.  8<S  (ainrrieanut) ;  niibatitnle  fur  K'/urji, 

tho  luirctr  tniiiio  Im-Idi;  innuiilenxl  too  short. 
J'lirtijut*  (Uiix  MS.l  GoouK,  UiiU.  U.  S.  Nut.  Muh.,  v,  SO,  1H7D  (ocuminaru*). 

Bndy  olilong,  compresHed,  ihe  back  much  dovatoil  nnterinrly,  rnpidly 
taporinK  to  tin'  TiaiTow  <'aiulu)  jwdtinclc;  luiititli  siuiill.  tlia  lower  jiiw 
incliKleil;  i>re<>rl»ital  ■wido;  mioiil  witli  nlita  and  pores  well  developed; 
t«'etli  all  villtforni.  in  brnnti  bandw,  tlin  oiitpr  srarcely  pnlarjjed  ;  prenperrle 
with  II  Irint'pd  border  ami  no  bony  Berni-;  scjilt's  cm.'ill,  irn-jjular,  with 
smaller  ones  Intrnnixed,  fixtemliug  on  soft  fins;  gill  rnlters  fow,  short  and 
sli'nder;  doraa!  J'ln  verv  louj;,  of  U  to  15  close-Hnt  spines  and  'M\  to  r>5  soft 
rsyH;  anterior  intemcurala  closttty  nctlged  in  behind  the  occiput;  nnal 
Biuall,  its  spine  small;  nuidal  rbotubio;  pyloric  circu  few;  vertobrm 
10-|-15=25.  This  fjeiinH  ia  one  of  the  moHt  rcinarkiibbi  in  the  family  in 
r(<apect  to  form  &6  wpII  aa  to  tbe  I'oloratioji  of  ttH  Bpeci«A.  (eijuiia^  borse; 
equrt,  bor!*ein:ii],  tbe  long  ilortial  npinea  xuggcatiug  tbu  rider.) 

PARAqmW  (iropa,  DVAr;  KqUtt): 
a.  Donukl  rsya  X  to  XIT-T,  30  (o4B,  flrst  4  to  B  uf  Ihe  int«rni'ariil!i  wMlge4l  in  lirtwcen 
miiralanf  apcanil  nnd  tliird  vprlelini". 
A.  I'roSle  Htecp.  Iiiit  not  vcrtiiril;  illatjuicc  from  miout  to  tint  d'jrfial  siiiiiLMilKiiit 
i«iuiil  to  di'ptli  of  body. 
e.  Uursnl  Mpiuen  littlr  elerntetl,  notnomrljiu  long  us  head;  back  urclird:  ilor- 
xal  with  36  to  41  «oft  rayi. 
d.  Color  deep  Wnlrt,  lironieor  gray.iritlioot  diatjoct  longthwiiw  alreaki ; 
depth  2!  to  3  in  leocth.  vioi.*,  Wt. 

dd.  Color  rarioiiHlf  dii^ky  nr  irmy,  with  at  least  trSM-n  of  about  7  length- 
wU«  Blri'jikit;  depth  'ii  In  '2\  in  lungth.  ACUHINATUR.  1873. 

et.  Donal  opines  elevated,  the  lungcAt  2}  in  IcnRlh  of  boily ;  »ori  parts  of  ver- 
tlrul  fiuit  with  while  A|K>t8:  Iwdy  robust,  the  burk  much  oanipressetl, 
tlin  general  funn  riiiiob  a*  in  Kipf  aeinninatxu,  lint  tlie  raudnl  p«3«D. 
i-le  drnper  and  iiiam  rnnipress<'d :  pi'Ctorals  and  re otralH  short  and 
wiual,  1)  in  heail.  C'<>lor,  dnrk  bmwn,  n  llKlit  bar  in  front  of  pyo  ei- 
tendlnf;  around  tho  rhin,  a  ecooiid  psh'  bar  >'Xleii<iin|,'  umnad  tbe  head 
immediately  behind  the  cyea,  a  tliin]  exlendln|r  nroni  in  front  of  donwl 
over  liaae  of  p«M<toii>I«^  a  lii;1it  bar  aloD^>  base  of  xoft  dorsal;  a  light 
bar  extendine  from  bcbimi  the  etei'Dtc<l  porliou  uf  Ihe  aplaoua  dorsal 
downwani,  dividiiij;  into  t»-«,  the  hmnclies  running  KtrBight  Imek, 
the  upper  hrauf  ii  ti>  !>i<i;lnning  of  last  fuurib  •>f  sofl  dorsid.  tlxi  h)wer 
hmni'h  to  banr  uf  i-nndul;  2  nr  3  light,  nndntating  Iniigilndinal  liars 
Ik'Iow  Ibeno;  tins  All  dark  brown,  vcrlbul  tins  with  many  whiliith  si*"!- 
lafcspota.     Jleadai  in  leaKtb:  dipthS,     U.  XI  or  Xll-i.ie. 

PL'NiTATra.  1874. 
66.  l*Toflle  Tery  steep.    Body  deepest  below  first  dorsal  spintf,   thence  rapidly 
taperiuK  In  the  narrow  caodul  i>edniK'l<'.     Color  oliTaci-oiu,  3  dark  brown 
loui^tudiiml  iMinilM  along  tin*  i«ide^,  tho  middle  one  from  eye  backward 
reaching  lips  of  tbu  middle  eandul  rays.    D  X-I.3  7.  pl-lcbkb.1876. 

■qcma: 

^Somal  rays  XIVorXV-I,M;  abontU  intfmenrnls  wmlged  in  between  nenrals  of 
second  nnd  thinl  vertebra-:  prolile  idiuo»t  vertical,  tnidy  liij;hly  lariegnled. 
witli  riblHin-liko  oblique  bands.  LANVKOLi.Tl.'B,  1870. 


1480         Bulktiv  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


Subgenus  PAREQUES.  OIU. 
I»?2,  KQUKS  VIOtA,  liUberl. 

RMd  a^  to  3j^;  depth  2^  to  Sr^t ;  eye  4  in  head.    D.  IX  or  X,  38  to  41; 

A.  11.  7  or  8;  P.  17  to  lt>;  flcales  50  to  5i  in  oKIlqiiu  serif*.  Hody  ntirrowly 
weclge-sliftppd  in  Mrction,  wliarply  cciiuprnsmul  ttnvunln  cIoihuI  outline,  wid- 
i-ninj,'  bi'low;  lower  oiitlinn  (►f  liPitd  Imri/ontitl.  atraiglit ;  ventral  outline 
i\  i;<'iitli'  cunvex  nirvo  to  l>!i«n  of  aiiiil  wlii«'!i  in  mo<lernt<ily  ivMitjuo;  lower 
niitliue  of  caiidal  )iLMluiii'lfl  slightly  c-oui-avt*;  tiiit<>ri<>r  ii]>pi^T  pmlik-  rising 
«ttiii]ily  in  II  ^  ery  K«iitlt!  cirrvo  to  iVoiit  of  dorHsl,  tlieucLS  more  oWiiinely  to 
front  of  softilornul  wlinTe  tliednptli  of  l>oily  in  j^rt-iitcat.  Snout  compressed, 
■with  ntthiT  ]iromJiieiit  blunt  tip,  which  slightly  overhangs  the  mouth; 
tip  of  Htiuut  and  luiindiblo  swolltiD,  jiroviduil  with  large  niiu-ous  port-H,  u 
twriuH  Df  5  in  tbo  uiandihle,  2  transverse  serieH  of  5  each  in  the  snout,  of 
ivliic'h  the  jjosterior  laloritl  pair  i.>i  minute;  uiontli  horizontal  or  very 
sliglitly  ohli<iiie,  tin*  maxillary  roacliin^j  about  to  vertical  from  hinder  mar- 
jliti  of  pii]iil,  its  length  uicnsurod  from  tiji  of  suoiit  2ji  or  2}  in  head.  Teeth 
in  lower  jaw  in  ii  wido  villtform  Ixiud,  w  few  of  tho  outer  series  anteriorly 
Hligbtly  cubirged;  pretnaxilliity  ti'cth  in  a  widu  villitorui  bund,  tlie  outer 
series  en Inrgod,  furmin;;  nioderato  ranincs,  larger  than  those  in  front  of 
raandibulur  briiid.  Interorbital  Hpnc<3  narrow,  its  width  contained  5  to  &} 
times  in  head.  I'veoperok-  entire,  the  nn-mhranons  border  souietiuics 
niiuiittdy  crnnuliiti-;  fipciclc  ending  poat<jriorly  in  2  concealed  points, 
the  iaclild<'d  oiierinilur  moiiibniiio  rovercd  with  tine  scales;  gill  rakers 
short  and  wojik,  ii  above  the  angle,  H  to  11  movable  ones  Ut'Iow.  the  long- 
eat  about  },  eye.  Mandible,  giilar,  and  brauehioat«g:il  meiiihruuea  and  more 
or  less  of  the  Hiiniit  naked,  the  Mcalcs  extcudiug  forward  in  some  epocimens 
to  heyoud  the  nostrilH,  in  others  neareoly  heyund  the  front  of  orbits;  bca«l 
otherwise  actiled;  )rit«nil  lino  following  oiittinr  of  back,  strongly  curved 
iiriteriorly ;  pori'X  of  lateral  line  niimite,  placed  on  small  scales,  irregularly 
wedged  iu  between  the  largeroues ;  above  thi-  lateral  line  are  very  oblique 
serivH  riinuiug  downward  and  l>ackward,  and  also  vertical  sorieH,  abont 
50  of  the  former  iind  90  to  !C>  of  the  latter;  Hciiles  nil  ctenoid,  except  those 
on  anterior  part  of  breast,  on  lower  anterior  jtart.  of  eheoks  and  on  tnter- 
operele;  vertical  (inn  densely  covered  to  near  their  tips  with  small  ctenoid 
HcaleH;  poctoralB  and  ventrals  with  series  of  Hcalea  on  the  nunibranes; 
HpinoiiB  dur^al  xhort,  usually  nearly  triangular  in  outline,  the  second  spine 
the  longest,  the  others  rapiilly  decreasing  to  the  last;  longest  spine 
iiHiially  as  long  as  snout  and  eye,  soinetime!*  short^er;  soft  dorsal  long  and 
low,  iticreasiug  in  height  backward,  the  longest  ray  about  3J|  in  bead; 
depth  of  caudal  pedunele  equaling  its  length  behind  dorsal  Bu;  anterior 
insertion  of  ;inal  tin  about  tnider  middle  of  soft  dornal,  the  length  of  eandnl 
peduncle  behind  anal  1>  to  U  in  head  ;  second  anul  spine  Htroug,  its  length 
equaling  tiistance  from  tip  of  snout  to  front  or  middle  of  pupil,  not  nearly 
reaehing  aual  under  the  third  before  the  liutt  of  the  dorsal;  pectorals 
reaching  to  or  nearly  to  the  vertical  from  the  vent,  !•  in  the  head;  yen- 
tralN  sliort,  the  outer  ray  tilanicntou^^,  I?  in  brad;  caudal  double  triincato, 
suhl&Qceolate,  the  middle  rays  projecting  much  beyond  the  outer,  U  in 


Jordan  and  Evcmtann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1487 


1 


bead.  Soalea  cycloid  on  top  and  uides  of  boiul,  elsewhero  ct'ODoid;  laterul 
line  more  ari'hcd  than  the  l>at'k,  lieconiinj;  8truigbtalj;;htly  behind  front 
of  aiiul  fin;  soft  parts  of  all  tlip  vcrtiiMl  fins  Sfalwl  to  their  tipa  ;  poi't^irals 
iind  vontrulH  witli  aori«H  of  ticuk\H  iilung  tlio  nicuil>rii(i(?M.  Color  in  life, 
plftiu  silvery  jfisiy  abov<>,  Hilvi-ry  bi'low;  ilornalH  aii<l  iip])iTportionor«'aii(l»] 
<ln»l<y  traimliKtcnt;  pet'torals  liglit-straw  color;  vcntratg  mesial ly  oninffe 
yellow,  tbf  inner  ray,  tlio  outer  ray,  and  tlio  tipH  uf  all  tlio  rays  ljri);ht 
wbitc;  aual  Af»\t  yollow,  tbe  irnyH  iuargiu<:d  with  black;  biwi>r  caadul 
r*y8  yellow ;  gill  cavity  du.Hky,  witliout  yollow.  Bay  of  ranatua;  'A  Mpeci- 
inuns  knuwTi,  the  largt-ut  10  inchen  long.  (Gilbert.)  {VioUt,  the  violet, 
from  tbe  I'olortitioa,  which  bos  violet  sbudeB.) 


Kqutt  tUAa.  (ilLBKHT  MS.,  Fislieui  or  Pauama,  18St),  Panama, 
in  US.  Jr.  Univ. Hiu,) 


(Coll.U.ILGillwrt.    Typ«, 


1878.  E({rEM  ACCWIJfATCS  (Blooli  &  Schneider). 

Head  !l;  depth  2? ;  eye  4  in  he.id;  Bnoiit  3}.  D,  X-I,  :«  to  40;  A,  II,  7; 
flcalesDO.  Body  elongate,  coiiipresseil ;  prolile  ratbi'r  Mteitp,  but  ii<>t  nearly 
vertical.  Diatnaix' from  itnout  to  firut  durNal  ii])ine  iibutit  t'tjutil  tu  depth 
of  body.  Dorsal  spiuca  little  elevated,  the  loiigcMt  itboiit  fi^  in  length  of 
body;  llrst  5  or  t!  iDterueiiralH  wedge<l  in  betwi'cn  the  ncuralH  of  the 
Hei'ond  and  third  vi-rtobfji-,  tht!  reel  hetween  the  third  and  fourth;  iuter- 
orbitul  area  uut  quite  uh  broad  aa  eye;  secoud  anal  Hpiue  '^i  in  bead; 
lougeHt  doraal  H;  perioriil.>(  It;  luunth  larger  than  in  /iiium  jiuuclatun,  the 
maxillary  roachiug  poMt  middle  of  orbit  :i  in  head;  te<^tti  of  upper  jaw 
nligbtly  enlarged;  gill  rakers  short,  rather  Hlcuder,  d4-  bl;  caudal  peduncle 
and  tin  less  deep  than  iu  Eifuee  panctatiit;  aecoud  anal  ttpine  slightly  ahurter 
than  sotli  rayfl,  2^  in  bead ;  eoft  dorsal  scaly  ;  scales  large,  tbe  aeriea  below 
lateral  line  slightly  oblique.  Color  of  tbe  typical  West  ludiuu  fonu  (var. 
aciiminaliiM)  nearly  black,  with  longitudinal  whitish  stripes  on  the  body, 
not  on  the  liuti;  1  iitripe  from  upper  edge  of  eye  straight  to  itp[icr  edge  of 
ciiudal  pcdunvle,  1  .jnnt  above  this  to  last  rayo  of  soft  durtial.  2  conltuent 
behind  from  nape  to  middle  of  .soft  dornu],  2  below  the  lirJtt  from  pectoral 
to  ba.se  of  caudal,  tho  lowe-st  to  edge  of  raudiil  peduncle;  Una  dusky. 
South  Carolina  to  Urazil ;  not  uuioiumuu  iu  the  West  Indict),  (aeHiniHatun, 
acuminate.) 

OraimnitUt  neuminattui,  Bu>cu  d:  SicHKElOKR,  .Sy«t.  Ichtli.,  ISi,  I8U1,  no  tu4>ullty  ^*en: 

utter  Sella. 
E'luei  linralu§.  C'rviKB  \  VALeNCIENMiS,  UiMt.  Nat.  ruisii.,  V,  169,  lk*3(l,  Brazil. 
Eipifi  aeniDiitatus,  ('astielhaii,  Anim.  Noiiv.un  Kan-*  ilu  lAmi'T.  dii  Su>l.  !0,  18S5^  tSl^. 

THBR,  Cat.,  n,  3X0,  1800;  Post,  MemoriaR,  n,  :no,  ]«ai ;  .Tokpan  &  £iobkxa>n,  (.  e„  440. 
/Vrrri/UM  urtimi/ia'tM,  UoODK,  Itiill.  IV.  S.  Xat.  Mu».,  v,  50,  1870. 

Keprcseutod  on  the  South  Atlantic  coast  of  the  United  States  by — 


ISTai.  EIJIKK  .uraiKATCS    UMBUOSUS,  Jiir.lan  A;  Eigmmann. 


1^  Kep 

I  Essentially  Bimihir  in  form  to  tbe  typical  acuminatum,  hut  the  color  marks 

I  obscure.     Hea<l  3i;  depth  2!.     D.  X-I,  40;  A.  11,  i;  scalc8(>-51-lt);  second 

^^  aDaln]iine2-Jt;  eye  4;  snout  I;  maxillary  2^,    Coloration  dark  smutty  brovn| 


1488         Bulletin  4^7  y  United  States  National  Museum. 


with  tracea  only  of  7  pale  streaks;  region  at  huae  of  soft  dorsal  darker; 
spiDouH  dorBul,  tipMol'  veiiti-ttlia,  ami  in8i<lt<<if  j;il]  viivity  black;  fins  ottier- 
wise  Buiutty.  *  SoiitLenMt  ruast  of  tbu  United  .St»tee,  Cliarleeton  to  Pen- 
sacola.    <ttm{iro«M«,  ebady.) 

Seitma  aeuminnta.  Joboan  &,  (ilLnKRT,  Syoopni*,  573,  IMS. 

Squuarutninalut  timttrwut,  Jokda.n  ii  KloKiCMAHK,  Bevlvw 8«ltDni«l»,  UO,  1809,  Charles- 
ton and  Peniacola. 

1»74.  KqPES  Pl'NCTATrti,  Blocb  Jt  Sotudder. 

(SIBJUKA  HlWARA.) 

Head  ;t5 ;  ik'ptL  3.  l>.  XI  or  Xll-I,  4G;  A.  I!,  fi  or  T;  Bcftlca  8-55  too9-ll 
or  12,  l>ut«ul  BpiiitMolougate,  the  Krugest  2}  in  luii),'^tL  of  body;  aoftparta 
of  vortical  tliia  with  white  spots;  body  robnst,  tbu  back  much  ronipreMed, 
tlii'  gouera]  furui  much  as  iu  Eqne»  acxuninuliti,  but  the  caudal  peduncle 
decjier  Bud  more  I'oniprussud ;  prolilu  rath(«r  Rteep,  deprcswd  over  the  oye; 
euoiit  slightly  longer  tbiiii  eye,  'ik  in  bend;  eye  as  wide  as  iiiterorbital 
region;  ]>reorbit.'tl  broud,  as  wide  as  eye;  iiioiith  eiiiall,  oubinferior;  Max- 
illary iiluiiiBt.  I'xtirely  coucealfd  below  the  preorbitul,  '2\  in  head,  reachini; 
to  bi'low  uiiddlcof  iiyn;  teeth  inbotli  jiiWH  iiibroiid  bands,  tlif  outer  nerics 
of  the  upjier  jaw  enlarged;  prevpercle  eutire,  the  uierubr.ine  with  flight 
cilia;  gill  rakei-s  Biiiiill,  slender,  fi  +  11 ;  lower  pbaryiigeiils  auiall;  the 
teeth  ail  conical,  tliosu  of  the  jiosteriur  angle  aud  iuiHT  series  SDitiewhiit 
eulargi'd;  anterior  dorHul  Hpiui's  lunbigli  uMbody;  moiiibranes  of  the  noit 
portions  of  the  vertital  iius  closely  scaled  to  the  tip;  rainlal  broadly 
rounded;  anal  abort  and  bigb;  second  H]<tue  about  f.  of  lougcat  ray.  3  in 
bead;  aiial  spine  placed  midway  betweeu  base  of  pectoral  aud  base 
of  ciiiidal;  pet-torala  aud  ventrals  short  and  equal,  If  in  head.  Color 
durk  brown,  a  light  bar  iu  front  of  eye  extending  around  tlie  fbin,  a  second 
palo  bar  extending  around  the  head  initnediately  behind  the  ryes,  a  third 
extending  from  in  frout  of  dorsalover  base  of  pect^iralK;  a  light  baralong 
base  of  soft  dorsal;  a  light  bar  extending  from  behind  the  elevatud  por- 
tion (if  the  spinous  dorsal  downward,  dividing  into  2,  the  branches 
rnuniug  .straight  back,  the  upper  branch  to  beginning  of  last  fourth  of 
soft  dorsal,  the  lower  branch  to  base  of  raudal;  2  or  3  light,  undulating 
lougitudiuul  burs  below  the«e;  fins  ult  dark  browu,  the  soft  portions  of 
the  vertical  tins  with  many  tvbitish  Ht.<-llatu  spots.  West  Indies;  a  hand- 
somely colored  liah  not  nncnniinon  about  Cuba  and  Hayti.  The  special ea 
here  described  from  Havana,     {punctatnt,  spotted.) 


i 


*Tl)c  abore  arconnt  ia  taken  from  a  Rpcciniea  from  Charlpntoii .  Ajiottier  fixini  Penia- 
cola (!>ilaa  iStearus'  cullcctiuu)  iiIkiwm  tlii-  fnllawlni;  rlianivtcr* : 

llMul  31;  tlipth  3.  D.  I.\-l,  30;  A.  II,  7;  Lai.  I.  53.  Itiu'k  somewhat  plernted.  the 
iin*tllDst««|i  null  nearly  Hlraiulit  Croin  tho  tip  ol'  tlin  I'ouiral  noil  ratb<'r  poititiMl  Hiiimt  lo 
llie  Ihm«'  uf  llif  doraij."  Sloiitu  nut  larne,  tlif  ujnxillnry  ext»'U«liii^  to  lieluw  llie  middle  of 
tlie  ^yo.  Li^werJAW  inciutlt^d:  lioth  ,jiiwn  with  liruad  UuihIk  iiT  villifiinn  te4*th,  tUrnnte- 
riiir«i<rios  in  Ihc  iiiiper  jaw  i-onsiilrrulily  inlargwl.  Hj-mIch  ini  tlin  head  acan-cly  ciciioid 
ivIk)Vi\  rvrlulil  im  itio  oliuek*.  Hill  rivktTH  sjjiirl  rntlit-r  atont.  I'ectoraU  very  oliort.  not 
rvaoliing  tinlrw-ny  to  llio  ti|>A  of  the  vi'ntrnlH.  niid  Ijui  lialfway  lo  tb«  anal;'  a»  lonx  »» 
from  the  oniMit  Ui  tlic  odi.'P  uf  tH);  jire<i|i«ri'l<' ;  unitl  llii  onmll,  it«  tip  not  rnacliiiis  to  tli» 
laat  ray  nt  the  iHH'onil  dorsal,  \i»  ^jiino  rulmst,  ucuirly  aii  high  us  the  tin,  \  Ih*'  l«^iii:th 
of  titp  hend;  llrHtdoraiil  nninll,  wUh  ulendtr  «i>ini-»:  Bt'i'iuid  ilorxiil  vlt>  lone,  itn  tiji  m-arly 
rowhlagc/iiidiil.  Eye  rulherlareo,  ('olomliohcverywIiiTo  liluokJsb.'wilh  tractvtuf  abon't. 
IU  narrow  liorizvntut  pnli-  strt'ak»  uhiiiK  the  Ht(li>>«;'iii>tnoua  donal  and  tipa  of  ventrmla 
qiiltu  hlii(.'k  ;  uthur  liiiii  smutty  ;  gill  cover  black  witbtu. 


Jordan  and  Evennann.— Fishes  of  North  Amen'cu.     1489 


MqxHiu,  PjkJAA,   Piezaa  Hiit.  Nat.  Cuba,  2,  pi.  2,  lower  6.f:am,  1787,  Cuba. 

lliM.    Blcktii  !i  ScH-NEIIiKU,  Syst.  Iclith.,  106,  IBOl,  Cuba  (bnaed  an  Pahka,  2, 

,2);  CdVIEK   &    VALliNCIKNSES,  UlHl.  Nat.   PoUa..  V,  pi.    1<17,    1I«.    1H30;  GCll- 

<niii,C!Bt.   FUli.  liril.  Mn«.,  il.  2)<I,  1860;  PoKr,  .Syunpiiiii,  325,  IgGS;  PoBV,   Enuina- 

ntlo,  40, 1875;  Jordan  k.  Eiuemmairi,  i.  c,  i41,  1R80. 

1876.  E({rEK  PdLCilKO,  StpiniliKbner. 

Head  3}  to  3|  in  totiil  length;  <!epth  tlm  naiiie.  D.  X-I,  ,77  or  ^;  A. 
II,  7;  MC&Im  bo.  Profile  very  stoep,  "  «tee(>ei-  lliau  iu  Ei/iitt  lunevolaiun." 
Boily  deepest  lielow  lirat  doraiil  spin«\  tliouce  rapidly  ttiporiii^  to  the  niir- 
row  ranilftl  pediincio;  cyo  3  in  head;  Mnoiit  IJ  in  eye;  mouth  aubinfurior, 
tbe  thick  convex  snout  prajectiiip  hoyond  it;  firHt  vcntriil  ray  liliCuriii,  31 
in  body;  lon^eiiit  dorsal  Hpines  IJ  to  2]  in  louglli  of  body,  their  heifrht 
nearly  twice  that  of  th(>  body  ludow  tlioui.  Color  olivucenuH,  3  dark- 
brown  loQgitadiual  bandn  along  the  Bides,  the  middle  onr  from  eye  back- 
ward reachiDK  tipa  of  middle  uuiidul  rayu;  the  upper  from  occiput 
haelc  ward  to  end  of  soft  dorsal ;  the  lowpr  from  lower  comer  of  eye  to  behind 
anal;  2  very  faint  broad  iross  bars,  the  iinterior  from  base  of  lirnt  dor- 
Bitl  to  ventraU,  tlie  next  from  middle  of  soft  dorsal  to  anal;  tip  of  uuout 
and  cbtii  black;  au  ublii|ii**  bar  below  eye;  Mptnonw  dorsal,  pectikral,  and 
ventral  black,  edged  with  whiit^;  edgca  of  caudal  yellowish;  anal  with 
brown  poiutA  anteriorly.  (.Steindiu^hucr. )  idirbados;  not  tieen  by  um. 
tuhrher,  pretty.) 

ivMjiulehfr,  STStXDACIunCR,  Ichlh.  Nollittio,  vi,  43,  1887,  Barbados ;  JoBliAN  Ji.  ElOEH- 
i.  c,  Ml,  1988. 

Snbcsnua  EQTTES- 

1870.  EfftKH  LAM'KULATl'N  (LinuiiMisl. 
(BtBBOX  Kisll;   (lUAFK.tA;  SKKILAKA.) 

Ifead  i;  depth  2|;  eye  4.  D.  XIV  to  XVI-I,  r>;i;  A.  II,  5;  Bonles  irrepolar, 
with  smaller  ones  intermixed ;  about  12  of  the  anterior  intenieurols  wedge<l 
in  l)etwe<'U  the  occijuit  and  the  neural  sjiiue  of  the  third  vertobra;  distance 
from  tip  of  snout  to  lirst  dorsal  Biiiue  much  less  than  dejith  of  body.  lUwIy 
deei>est  below  first  dorHal  spine,  rapidly  tapering  to  the  narrow  caudal 
peduncle;  pro lile  very  ntecp,  little  convex;  eye  little  longer  ttian  snout; 
preorbital  broad,  nearly  as  wide  as  eye;  mouth  small,  sli;;hl1y  obltijite; 
maxillary  reaching  to  lielow  anterior  fourth  of  eye;  teeth  all  villiform  in 
broad  Viands,  the  outer  scarcely  enlarged;  preoporcle  with  a  fringed  nivm- 
brauous  border;  gill  rakers  very  short  and  slender,  6  +  9;  anterior  dorsal 
spinea  much  elongat«,  Ij  in  body;  8f>ft  rays  knv,  the  membranes  staled  to 
thoti|>a;  anal  small,  its  second  Hpiae  3  iu  head;  vuntrals  H  in  head;  ]iec- 
torals  scarcely  shorter.  Color,  tight  yellowish;  a  narrow  brownish  band 
from  the  comer  of  the  month  up  across  the  middle  of  the  eye  aud  uieel  ing 
its  fellow  on  top  of  head;  another  broader  bauil  edged  with  a  uarr<»w 
white  lino  on  each  side  from  the  nape  down  and  b.ick  over  oporele,  meet- 
ing its  fellow  between  the  ventral  ftos  and  extending  to  the  tips  of  titcir 
outer  rays;  a  third  and  still  broader  biiud.  also  bordered  by  wliitn,  extend- 
ing from  the  tips  of  tha  dorsal  spines  to  their  base,  then  downward  and 


1490         Bulletin  //,  United  States  National  Museum. 


backward  to  the  tips  of  the  middle  caudal  raytt;  Iiodj  helow  thia  l>aQd  ail- 
very  white,  iiliovo  it  noniowliat  darker.  West  In>liea,  ranging  northward 
to  Punaarola;  rnthcr  roiumoti  Boiithwurd ;  an  interesting  lish  of  a  b«antiful 
and  lingular  t'oloration,  reei<-tul>liii};  that  of  a  cbuitodont.  The  spec imcn 
d(«criUed  by  us  waa  talcen  iioiir  Pmmacolii.     {lanceulalm,  litnce-shupod.) 

Kibkand  AViA,  EiiWAliu.->,  "Ul«auiugii,  pi.  21U,"  GuadclQupe;  Carolina. 

ChiKtotlun  UiuceuUittu,  htxsMve,  Synt.  Nat.,  Bd.  X,  277,  I'M,  Caraibes  lalanda;  baaed  on 

Edwards,  pi.  210. 
Srrraua,  I'AKKA.  IMfioa  do  Hint.  Nat.  <le  Cuba.  pi.  2,  upper  figure,  1787, Cuba. 
Eiput  amfHcanv*.  ISux'U,  lobtliyiil.,  pt.  347,  17B3,  Weit  Indiei. 
Hifutt  baUfotuf,  Cl'viRR,  Kt-gne  Aniuial,  K<l.  2,  n,  pi.  39,  Ug.  2,  IKW,  Martinique;  aflrr 

ExiWABDS;  C'lrviEK  &  VAt.ei<nE.M.iKs,  Hist.  Nat.  I'uias.,  v,  IflS,  1830. 
Seurna  fjwardi,  Gboxow,  (.tot.  Fltili..  Bl.  ("Jray,  OH,  18M,  ladlan  Seas  ;  after  EbW.iaDR. 
Eiiiiri  litnefolatiii,  GONTillili,  Cat.,  ii,  2711.  ISiKi;  PoKV,  Kniiiuorsliu,  49,  187.');  JuKDAN  Jk 

OiLBEJiT,  Synopnin,  9J2,  18^1.  •r<iiii)AX  .V  KrUEXSfA.v.f,  I.  c,  442,  1889. 


P 


Group  CIRUHITOIDEI. 

(TllK   ClltBHITOLD   FirtHES.) 

Thia  RTOup  agrees  witli  the  Penoidta  in  most  reBpecto,  the  chief  este^ 
tml  ditfereni""  lyin^f  in  the  I'orni  of  tlu^  peefcoial.s,  whicli  bave  broad  pro- 
ciirraut  liiiBew  iia  in  the  .•Jcof/jo-iiird),  tbo  lower  rays  huiny  iin)»ranclicd  and 
more  nr  loss  ttiickeuod.     Ouu  faniity  '  in  ruiireaeuteil  in  our  waters. 

Fauiily  OLVl.  I'lRHHlTID.E. 

<ThE  ClUUlilTOID.S.) 

Body  coinpreHsed,  oblong,  covered  nitli  inodorati'  sciilos  which  are 
cycloid  or  ctenoid;  liiteriil  line  contJuiioiiH,  concnrrent  with  tbo  liacls,  not 
oxtendingoiicaiidiil ;  iiioiitb  biw,  t«iininal,  with  lateral  cleft;  eye  lutorai,  of 
inttdi'rato  nir.o ;  iireiiiaxillarieH  |)rotractilLi ;  iimxilliiry  narrow,  not  sheathed 
by  ]ireorbital;  teeth  atutill,  pointed,  uccasionally  with  canineu  sometimes 
prPBent  on  vnnier  (ir  pulatineH;  ulieekn  without  iiuny  suborbital  stay; 
bniiioliioHte^.ttH  3  to  ^\  usnally  <>;  gill  inembraneM  geparat«,  free  from  the 
iBtliiiiiis;  preopercle  serrat<' or  ontiru;  opercln  rinarmcd;  no  a]iint<44  or  aer- 
ratioUH  uii  liom-H  of  tratiiiiiii ;  dorsal  tin  cnutinuoua,  lung,  the  apiuous  and 
soft  jiarta  aiiliei|ua!.  the  N|)iufH  not  deprcssible  in  a  gi-ouve;  soft  dorsal 
low;  spines  rMtlier  low  and  strong;  ]iectoral  tin  short  and  broad  .is  in  the 
Cullidir;  lower  half  of  liu  with  its  rays  iiini])lo  and  generally  stout;  the 
luenibrauuH  deeply  iui-ised;  ventral  lins  thoracic,  !»nt  considerably  behind 
root  ofpei'toralu,  the  rays  I,  5;  iiir  bladder  large  and  complicated  or  want- 
ing; pyloric  cri'ca  few;  verti"bnt<  10-(-l(j  — 2t!;  skull  very  compact  and 
solid. t     CarnivrorouH  fish«8  of  the  warui  seas;  genera  10;  specioaiO;  appar- 


•  Thin  family  Hlinnli)  Bppnrcutly  hn  gilncoil  iimoDi;  the  PrrcoUIra  nt-ar  tlio  Srrranidtt- 
I  Dr.  <;iiiitbor  givBii  in  Bcilj»laiiri'  tlio  folluwlng  detiuripliuii  of  the  Hkdetou  of  Parraeit- 
rA»f^»/r»rjfiTj  <UIoili  ,V  Silini'iilir) : 

".SktiU  rnmprpniwsl.  all   llif;  boiKw  woll  iwniiiml,  luid  very  aoliJ.     Intorninxillary  mm  h 

Hliurtrr  than  muxlllnry,  iiiirt  havitiK  iumtirior  (ifufiumen  of  niuili<rnti>  leDjjtl).     M-iiillarv 

sliebtly  Ueiit.  Rword  »liiiin;d.  hriiaanHt  at  nilri'iiiity.    Mandlbnlttry  having  miuie  miiull 

pori'd  iiloaj;  luvor siila.     HeiKior  vmuur  Ihiik.  Hwiill«n,  and  amiwl  wltb  t««Ui  on  autoriar 

gill  unly.    I'rooperculura  crDS<'out'slia|M>il,  without  angle,  and  vilh  poaterior  part  of 


4 


I 


ently  really  allied  on  tlia  oii«  hand  tu  the  Serrnnida;  Avith  which  group 
Dr.  Boulenger  fiii<l»  that  the  skeletuii  lias  miich  in  rnniuioti;  on  tin-  other 
hand,  they  show  aniuities  with  thr  Xcor/wnidw.  Throiijfh  mich  forms  aa 
thede  the  great  group  of  iMricati  or  Mail-('h(^ek  tiHliDB  muy  ha  cmiuor.ted 
with  their  perch-liki-  ancestors.    {Cirrhitiilir,  (iiinlher,  Cut.,  ii,  71-86,  18(i0.) 

a.  Tn-th  oQ  TDHinr  Hiid  |Mlatii>e»;  j&WH  with  runinfM;  acalva  ■m  rliMiku  mry  small: 
aorMi  (pine*  1 1  ur  Vi.  CuuiarrES,  687. 

597-  CIRRHITES.  Liw^pr  do. 


I 


OhrhUai.  LACftptoc.  Hiat.  Nat.  PoIm.,  v,  3,  1803  (maeulalut). 
OirrhUiehrhjii,  OCimiai,  Cut.  Fishes,  ti,  73,  IsnO;  not  of  Blkekbb. 

UcKly  obloug,  cuinprastieil,  formed  luuch  as  in  Sciivna,  covered  with  largo 
ojrolbid  acalm;  head  rather  ulituar;  dcaleH  on  cliecks  very  Biimll;  jtre- 
maxillarles  uot  prodnt'ed;  tei'th  "ii  vomer  utici  iisiuilly  on  piUntinoH  nl^o: 
jaws  with  siiintloauine  toeth;  «nt<'rior  nontrilr*  fringed;  prcoporclo  evonly 
cnrved,  itji  edgu  llndy  wsrrate.  .Sifft  parts  of  vertical  lins  sculod  at  base. 
DorAAl  rays  11  or  IIJ;  caudal  truncate,  {eirrhus,  a  lock  of  liiiir  or  u  barbel; 
referriug  to  the  siiuplu  pect^iral  rays.  *) 

ti.  r.Uitur  gTo«o    with   irrt'gulAr  A]H>t«  and   curvoil   bandit  ol'  durk    hrown,  edged   with 

palciMur.  ulvt)L.«l»,  1877. 

aa.  Color  yelluwiah   witb  4  coiii(>let«  oliUfiua  luuiili  uf  black   uot  miged   with  bluo, 

twaitle«  biBi'k  upota;  caadal  witb  a  BDba]>c<]  block  spot.  BEiAViiva,  1878. 


ih; 


riHUIIlTKN  l(IVri„ITl'S.  Taloucieaues. 


I 


FleadSii;  ilepth  3.  I).  X,  II ;  A.  Ill.H;  hiuIcm  (M7-U.  Kye  (i  in  head, 
with  opercnlar  llitp.  Suont  tnoderatf,  euiuprortKt^d,  and  rather  elevated; 
luaxilltiry  exteiidiug  to  midillv  wf  eye;  ruiuII  baiidif  uf  villiforDt  teeth  in 
jaws,  on  cater  row  of  strong  uauitie-like  teeth  uii  the  Hidea  of  jaws,  with 
strong  canines  towards  the  front,  •■anines  about  i;  interorhitnl  apat'e 
di-eply  foiicnvf,  ?  ineyo;  a  low  lougitiidiiial  ra«did.n  treat  on  crown  of 
head;  preopercle  liiiely  aemtte  behind  in  tho  young,  entire  in  adult;  gill 
takers  very  short  aud  thick,  about  u-f-HL  The  fnurtli,  fifth,  and  nixth 
dorsal  spines  longest,  t  in  bttid,  of  iiniderate  .strength.  Peitoriil  very 
brotul,  rather  short,  uot  reaching  tip«  "f  veiitruls,  its  low(>r  rays  much 
nwollen.  Second  iitiul  spine  lunger  tliati  third.  Color  brownish  green, 
with  transverse  dnrk-brown  spot^  ;ui(l  short  bnnds,  all  of  whieh  are  edged 


mkrgilinilnutAly  iiermtml:  Int44-iur  ridge  very  low.  Oiltlin<Mior»[)er<:nlninTery  ImKiilnr; 
piistcrior  margin  notehod,  hut  there  are  no  Rpinea,  Interiar  miir;:iTi  wnvi^d.  Iiiter»|wr- 
eulum  bcot,  with  itide  joining  fluhopfrviiliiiii  einurKinute.  Suli«[x.'r<?iiliini  etan);iited,  with 
fMJSlerior  extretnlly  iirudnct^d  b<^yond  »j»r*'iilijm.  Frtntrhiliil  hpoati,  rhonihoid,  Siiare 
l)etWM3ii  Drill ti4  ratlier  narrow  iiud  riac.  tli-clpil!it<T*wt  weUdt«v*_'h>iM'<l,  triftiinnlar;  lat*fnil 
ert^tf  aroroely  viniblp.  Boui-«  t>l'  bunii^mi  arrli  rAtliiT  strong,  and  l»ot!i  Ihi^  eorarolil 
boiierij'oiiifd  toyethrr  hy  a  lonii  hiiriftoulal  flotiire.  Luwrr  «\trrniity  i*f  rudiu.t  prn^  Idi'd 
with  aeverul  |H'CiitiuT  uroecKnea.  I'ubii'  l«iue»  lalhiT  eloUKJile  and  narrow,  eiieh  of  thrin 
I'oniii-d  by  thri-e  iNinelhe  of  m^arty  iijual  devidnpnu'nt.  'IVn  nhdonifnul  and  18  caudal 
vert«bra',  leniith  uf  Innner  ]iortion  ut  vi'rt<-linil  cidioiin  hoini;  to  lliut  of  cHiidal  «j<  1  : 1.5. 
Nt*orul  ami  mirtnul  ><|dui^H  of  moderate  lL'n>;t1i  and  alrvuEtb,  each  of  thu  tuteriM^arala 
dllat«d.  The  (imt  iiitirl)ieni»I  very  ulrontj,  and  f^vidently  tornied  by  2;  it  ban  3  rldues  on 
each  tide,  and  a  low  oiioaiitorinrly." 

'  n«Hrril>i'd  by  Luri'pede  na,  "lien  liarhilloiis  rt'unia  par  nne  Diitm  brans,  et  placra  aupri^a 
de  la  peutorale,  do  luauiilTti  a  rAprtMeuter  uuu  uageulro  aeniblable  i^  <.'elt«  ileraifre." 


1492         Bulletin  fj.  United  Slates  Nalitmal  Museum, 


with  lijrlit  bine;  these  handfl  niid  spots  mngiilarly  arranged ;  2  of  tlift'»e 
bands  on  tlie  head,  crossing  jireoperrle;  2  others  on  preorbital;  5  on  body 
and  <'iiiidal  peduncle,  <'oiiipust'd  ot  largo,  mow  or  lesa  ronfliient,  roiiudisb 
HputN,  the  -  Itcluw  the  Bpiiinivs  ]inrtiori  i*f  lb<<  dorsal  terminating  al>ove  in 
II  jiiiir  of  largo  spots;  ciiudnl  with  similar  ocellttted  spots,  tlie  pale  color 
a]>|)oariiig  :m  retic-ulations  iiroiiiid  tbeni ;  2  liirgc  ocelli  on  aniti;  a  brown 
baud  ncrosH  the  iiuior  mdo  of  Imac  of  pcctornl.  Lcwgib  li  incboH.  Cape 
.Sau  L(io:ia  to  the  (ialapagns  iHlauda;  not  r&r<5  about  rocky  islands;  an  in- 
terusting  and  coriinisly  colored  tisb.  Ilnre  desoribed  from  specimens  from 
the)  llev'illagigL'dos;  the  young  uuknown,  unb'sa  C,  he.taiirii»  should  be  the 
young  as  bus  been  supposed,     irivulatiix,  nmrked  t>y  rill-like  streaks.) 

tSrrhittt  ririilat'.u,  VALEiKCutHKEa,  Vojrage  V6nuii.  I'ai«.i..:(()0,  |j1.  X  tig.  I,  I8&&.  Galapagos 

Islands. 
OirrhitielUkyt  rirutofiM,  GOnthrr,  Fiali  Centr.  Am.,  421,  pi.  86.  flg.  4,  IMS. 


1878.  (iRRHITKK  BKTArRrN,  CHI. 

ITeatl2j;  depths.  P.  X,  tl;  A.  Ill,  fi,  rnMipcrcnlum  sormted  behind. 
Eye  (in  young)  3i  in  bund,  eqiiul  to  snout.  Fourili  dorsal  spine  longest 
and  (mjuiiIm  .')  of  thi'  totul  li'ugtb;  second  anal  .spine  largLvsi,  e(]iialiiig  the 
fourth  dorsal  one;  Iollge^<t  soft  rny  Oif  in  lotnl  lenglh;  ciiudal  lin  slightly 
onirtrginatr«  and  nearly  ■  of  the  length;  produced  pectoral  ray  rather  ex- 
ceeding {  of  th<-  length,  and  the  ventral  tin  enters  5i  times  in  the  satne. 
Ccdor  pule  yellowish  on  the  bo<ly,  blackish  on  the  shoulders  and  from 
the  dorsal  lin  to  llio  eyes,  and  with  -1  conipletej  id>|ii|ne,  blockish  bMitdii; 
the  first  under  the  nitfldle  of  the  spinous  dorsal,  the  second  under  the  last 
s]>ine,  tho  tliir<l  under  the  middle  of  (be  softMorsal,  and  the  fourth  encir- 
cling the  Ciiudiil  p4'diniele;  head  with  S  lateral  bauds,  1  on  the  iircorbital 
region,  a  second  oil  tbe  cheek,  and  third  on  the  poat«rior  margin  of  the 
preojtercuhiin ;  operculum  with  a  lougititdinnl  obloug  spot;  chin  with  4 
spiite  I'orniing  the  nnglrs  of  a  rhomb,  iind  Ihere  is  another  one  behind,  on 
tht)  brani'liiostegal  membrane  near  the  margiii;  spiuouN  dorsal  inargine<l 
with  blaiki.4h,  and  the  3  bands  iM-ueath  inure  or  leM4  ascend  on  it;  anal 
blai-kiHh;  eaitdal  wilb  a  bluekish  B-slisi-ped  mark  and  a  band  at  its  ba.<ie 
diviiled  by  the  lateral  litiL*;  pectoral  dusky,  with  a  black  «pfit  at  its  Viasc 
nearly  gnrronuded  by  a  clear  area,  and  separated  IVma  a  spot  in  front  "f 
the  base;  ventral*  blackish,  with  nearly  transparent  sidc.H  anil  margin. 
Kock  poids  between  tide  marks  about  Cape  San  Liuas  and  Ma/atlan: 
abundant:  a  very  aettvo  and  strikingly  colored  little  fish.  The  largi^st 
s])eGimens  known  are  2^  inches  long.  The  adult  is  unknown  nnlexs 
Cirrliilet  rivHlttlnn  slionld  prove  to  be  wuch.  There  is  no  important  dilTer- 
ence  in  form  or  stracture,  but  the  coloration  of  the  two  is  very  different, 
and  .suggests  that  the  two  are  distinct  speciea.  {/iifrtx,  the  letter  B ;  oi^pd, 
tail.) 

Cirrhiln  bttanu,  Gill,  froo.  Ac.  Nnt.S<ii.  Philo.  1S82,  250,  Cape  San  l^ucaa  (Coll.  John 
Xaaloa):  yono);,  of  !(  Inohea. 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1493 


Suborder  HOLCONOTI. 
(The  Subk  fishes.) 

Wu  reco^iize  tlie  siugiihir  fuitiily  uf  A'ni6io(oci(/(i' us  conNtitiitiag  it  (tis- 
tiuot  gi'oup  or  tinh»r(ier  iillied  to  the  Pereoiiicn  »u  tliti  otic  hiiiid  /md  to  the 
{'hariinijoffnathi  on  tlie  other,  but  witlinnt  very  f-loeo  utTiiiitien  with  eitliiT. 

*  The  tttruetiircs  coiinecteil  with  tli&  viviftarnus  lialiil,  the  iiiiiti'il  pliaryii- 
gesls,  iiirrciiHod  iiumltor  of  verl^Oirn-,  iloiiltlo  iiustrils,  porl'oot  n'"*.  ••ud 
many  rnya  in  tb<-  Hoft  dorsn]  and  uual.  lotiutliur  with  the  uuiirtiu'd  bont's  of 

I         the  head,  constitute  the cliiei'obariicttiraol' the  lloLvuuli.     {oXxoi,  groove; 

L ribroi,  back.) 


Fivmily  CLVn.    KMBinTOCID^." 
(The  8uRP-FisnE8.) 


Body  ovate  or  oblnng,  compressed,  covun-d  with  cycloid  ftcalen  of  mod- 
erate size.  ChRoiis,  operculum,  and  iuteruperciiluni  Huuly;  latcni)  line 
continuous,  ruiinin;;  lii^h,  without  altrupt  tloxnrc,  not  extending  i>n  the 
cuudal  tin;  head  rather  abort ;  mouth  Huiall,  teriuiual;  jitwd  with  cuuirul 
or  compreHseil  te«th  of  nioderut-o  or  tiDiall  ai/.e,  iu  t  or  2  8erie»;  teeth 
wanting  in  1  genus  ( Neodiirema) ;  no  teeth  on  vomer  or  palutineH;  no 
canin&<i;  lower  pharynKeals  united,  withnnt  suture,  their  tcieth  i-ouiiftl  or 
paved;  u]ipor  jaw  freely  protrai-tile;  lips  full,  the  I»wt.>r  either  fonniuj;  u 
frco  border  to  the  jivw  or  else  attmhed  by  a  frenum  ai  the  Hymphysifi; 
ninxillary  abort,  without  etipplenii'ulid  Uoiie,  slipping  for  ninet  or  all  of  its 
length  under  the  pn-urbitui;  o[icrt'uliii'  bnm-H  «ii(irv;  bruiK'bio.stegals  6 
(or  5);  gill  raki-re  nsually  slendt-r;  gill  iipeniiig*  %vi(k'.,  thv  mi-nihruntw  free 
from  the  iatbnnm  or  very  sHghtly  lomiecttd;  p«i  lulobramhiif  pre«ent; 
gills  4,  a  Hlit  behind  the  fonrlb;  nostrila  round;  the  openings  2  on  each 
Aide;  dorsal  fin  Hinglo,  lung,  with  K  to  IK  iiBUiilly  fllenilor  Npine«,  which 
are  depreaaible  in  a  groove;  aahcath  of  Hi-aloii  along  the  baae  of  the  ante- 
rior part  of  soft  doruul  and  poHterior  part  of  HpinouH  dorxul;  thiHHhuath 
separated  by  a  furrow  from  the  scales  of  t!ie  body;  anal  lin  elongate 
with  3  moderate  or  Hinall  spines  and  15  to  35  aleiidersoft  rnya.,  ita  form  and 
•tructure  differing  in  the  two  si-xcb;  ventral  tins  thoracic,  1,  5;  pectorals 
moderate;  caudal  forked;  oviduct  <ipeniug  behind  the  vent,  the  two 
upcrtnrce  always  distinctly  separated;  air  bladder  large,  aini]de;  no 
pyloric  cii-ca;  vertebra'  13  to  19-|-1!>  to  23=^32  to  42.  ViviparouN.  The 
young  are  hal-olicd  within  the  body,  where  tboy  roniam  cloHoly  [lackcil  in 
a  sac-like  enlargement  of  the  ovidutfc  analogous  to  the  uterus  until  burn, 
Tbesi'  fti>tal  lishea  bear  at  first  litllo  reaitinblanco  to  thi^  pitrunt,  being 
closely  compressed  aud  havlog  the  vertical  bns  exceedingly  elev.ited.  At 
birth  they  are  from  Ij  to  21  inches  in  length,  and  similar  to  (lie  adult 
in  a]ipearaDce,  but  more  compressed  and  red  in  color,  ^^ince  the  anuounce- 
inent  of  their  viviparous  nature  by  Prof.  Louis  Agassi/,,  in  1K53  and  by 

far  so  aooonDt  of  the  ganerm  snd  tpeciea  of  E>iMotoeidai  aud  a  detailed  dciiurlptinii  of 
I  develnntnpDl  uf  Otfinaliuiiulfr  affgregaliu,  »eo  Kiuvnmann,  ou  Ihe  \' Wlpntaw)  yitkbiet 
"    PmUc  Gout  of  Kurtli  Ameriiui,  Uull.  L^  S.  Fi.xli  Cuiuiu.  Iiil92  (laOl),  a81-'<7S. 


1478         Bulletin  4j,  United  States  National  Museum. 


a.  Bodj  rather  dwp,  the  back  mnnrwhat  elerated,  tba  depih  abont  Si  In  longth;  body 
with  hl»rk  cross  liars :  lii*rl»«i«  j'londer. 
Pot.Tcc.mrB  (atoAi'v,  niaDyi  cAiVik,  twri;;.  Dram  the  many  hnrlieU): 
b,  DorBal  rays  nlwiil  [X-I,  t!2;  cantliil  lln  duiiljUi  (ruut-iitr,  Ihc  tiiiiitllc  rmj'n  lon^ml. 
e.  Pectoral  1|  in  bvtwl  -.  color  Kruy'Hb,  wllh  ft  hrotul  liluck  rniM  bora  ob  body; 
autor  Icvlli  ur  u|i|j«r  Jaws  acarcely  onlargod.  ut'MEUlu,  1894, 

ZoKOSCION  (iirot,  r.ou(<;  tr mov,  Srurnn) 
M.  Doraal  raya  X-t,  26  to  'S2:  ciindal  tin  iililiqitel.v  IrniicaU'.  luoa(«  ar/Khai>«l. 
d.  Doraal  rayn  X-I,  SO,  raiiilal /-shapitl,  tliti  mlddlv  rayit  louKcati  p««'luriil 
II  in  liuod;  Mater  t«H'tli  alnve  autntj  wUat  enlargul;  Idiuk  bars  un  biHl; 
faint.  RATHHtTxi.  IWB. 

aa.  Body  rompanvtivcl}' Rliin(,'«te,  thu  drplh  altuiit  4  Id  Iciif;th^  tlii>  liatk  uut  t-lovatod; 
culur  duaky,  tlit<  dark  croait  liura  Iniiit. 
ZAri.Eiii'9  <f«,  an  inteu»iM»  [larl  irlr ;  iiAVmw,  twig,  l>om  tbi'  large  UarlieUl : 
d.  Upper  jnw  withuuteiilaT{:i-d  li'flh  in  its  oiitvr  aerivN:  barlwla  coiiRpicuaoa i 
I><M'C<jral  niiwlcrato:  caudiil/-iiliufi(Ml.  thv  lower  Iul3o  lon)(e«t^ 
r,  Pectuml  I )  in  head;  color  dusky  with  faint  cross  ban.    D.  XI-3S  to  37: 
Bi-aliM  45  to  48.  OOOPSI,  IMA, 

P.AIUtjOHCHt'Bt'H : 

dd.  U\yptT  jaw   with  the  nnt«r  aerira  nf  t^'otb  enlarged;    barbels  rer; 

alenibT:  pei:tonil  vi<ry  loiiK:  raiidat  \tiag,  poiolod. 

/.  Pectoral  very  Iodk.  >luIU•'wbat1I•D||;l^r  tliun  Ix-ad;  randal  p«iint«d,aa 

loug  an  head;  culur  dnaky,  scafcoly  barred.    I>.  X-I,  30;  aoales 

M.  i-KTERSI,  IMi. 

SubKCDUB  POLYCLEMUS,  Berg. 

ia«4.  rARALUNliirRCK  UUSEKILl  (Unconrt). 

Head  34;  depth  2».  D.  I.\-I,  :i'r;  A.II.7;  orl.it  .'.J  ia  he,id;  snotit  8JF| 
luaxilliirj'  2ii ;  liighest  dorsal  Hpiiiu  2| ;  dorsal  my  2^  ;  seconil  anal  spine  4; 
length  of  riiiidai  1^;  puctoraln  1  j ;  veiitnila  l'{.  Kndy  rather  elongate,  the 
buck  HomttwLut  elcs'ated,  vetitr.-il  ontliiiu  a  little  earved.  Ileiid  low  and 
Biiiull;  profik"  Hteep,  eoniewhsit  concuve;  siioHt  somewhat  iioute,  with 
largo  Hlilii  ;iiid  puroa;  proorMtul  broud;  iuterorbital  iireii  broud,  convex, 
3  iu  l!i>ad:  iiiDUtli  Htuull,  entirely  iiilerinr;  lua.villiiry  extending  to  the  ver- 
tical Iroui  the  pijsterior  jiBrt  of  pupil;  teeth  on  jaws  aniall,  villiforiu,  the 
outer  Bcarcttly  largf^r;  preopcrele  ronndcd,  its  edge  with  8oft  cilia  which 
grow  larger  from  above  downward ;  gill  rakers  3  or  4  +  7  or  8,  niinute,  thick, 
ish;  pseiidohrauchiu'  tione.  Head  and  body  covered  with  weakly  ctenoid 
8cu]*'8,  !)2  i]i  tlie  lateral  tine,  l.atural  line  much  .ir^shnd  asiteriorly,  becom- 
ing Ntraig;ltt  over  the  iinal  tin.  \  tnft  of  barbetti  at  tliu  symphysis  of  the 
lower  Jiiw.  a  (tiiij^lo  row  of  8  or  lu  bailteU  running  backward  along  the 
towBi-  eilyu  of  eaeh  ramn.H.  Dorsal  Mpines  rather  stout,  the  first  luiuiite, 
the  third  longent,  tb<>  others  gradually  growing  shorter  to  the  ninth,  which 
is  about  j^  tbo  length  nftlie  third  spine;  soft  durHiil  lower  than  Hpinous, 
the  tin  with  a  .scaly  sheath  at  the  batte,  ita  iriembraues  covered- with  Hmall 
^ealcH;  veutrnls  liliforni  at  tip;  uual  iiiHerted  well  forward,  its  first  spine 
iibont  as  largij  tin  the  firHt  dorsal,  the  Keeund  Htrong;  caudiil  doable  trun- 
cate. ( "olor  bliiiiih  gr;iy  iibovc,  silvery  behiw;  ti  nitlier  broail,  distinct 
crntis  bars  of  dark  brown  extending  from  the  liaek  down  the  sides.  Mem- 
brnnes  of  duisal  fins  dusky,  growing  darker  in  the  region  of  the  Innly 
bands  and  on  the  edge.**  of  the  Ijiih;  caudal  dimky,  lighter  near  the  bnae; 


Jordan  and  Evennann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1479 


Teiitnila  and  iinal  pale,  with  ilunky  edges ;  pectorals  »  litUi^  dusky,  rlnrker 
OD  the  inner  sido.  Lou^tb  K  tu  13  inrhiw.  i':iiiaina;  :tbiiuil:iiit  on  SAndy 
shores;  ii  vi-ry  strongly  niiirke)!  spi-riufl.  It  lias  been  wnmjfly  ilest-ribed  as 
poascaaiiig  pNetulubriiucliin-.  Otir  speciineua  ohtuiiied  by  Dr.  Gilbert  at 
ransjina.  (Named  f»r  Angimte  l)iimi-ril,  i<-htUyolo;jiat  of  tin-  luiisoiim  at 
I'aris,  author  of  12  voliiiues  of  un  iiiiliiiished  lli.stuire  Xixtiiriil  de^  Pih88oiin; 
sou  of  A.  M.  (lonstiint  Dunn^ril,  siuthorof  Ichthyolii''io  Anidytiqiiti.) 

Pnlj/cirrhwi  dunurriti,  Uixxii'ttr,  Noiiv.  Arcli,  Wub.  il'Hlat.  N»tnr.,  iv,22,l(«8,  La  Union 
(CoU.  V.  Bovourt);  Jobdak,  Proc  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phlln.  1883,  288;  nolo  on  B.Kourt'» 
lyiKi. 

tltnyoiieiHtu  fatcialwi.  STSUtUAfiuiEii,  Irliih.  I;«ilr.,  ii,:il,  1875,  Panama;  Jouuan  &  Uu<- 
UhBT,  Hull.  U.S.  Kinli  Cuiiiiii.  Ii»i2,  111. 

folyeirrhu*  dnmtriU.  Jordan  &  Eiukkmakm,  (.  r.,  4IS,  1889, 


Subgenus  ZONOSCION,  .Tonlun  &.  Evfruiiinn. 

18»&.  rAR.\U»M<'iirR('>>  K.(tHBl'M  (.ronluo  A  bulliunn). 

'HeiMl  3i  (i\  iu  totiil) ;  dejith  31  (li) ;  eye  -li  in  head;  suoiit  'A\.  D.  X-I, 
29  or  30;  A.  II,  1).  Luturiilliuu  .'i3  tu  55,  Uody  el(JDj,riite,  coitiprcsHed;  hack 
eleviited,  prolile  troiu  snout  to  doranl  .strai^jbt  or  slightly  S-uliaped;  ven- 
tral outline  geutly  nrrtii'd,  bii«e  of  a,iiul  obliiitie;  (.audiil  peduncle  ishort 
and  oonipreasod.  Hoad  low,  little  I'ompreo.seil.  Snout  short  nnd  blunt,  3J 
in  head.  Month  small ;  umxillury  slightly  longer  than  in  V.  peruanut,ti.'.\\c\i- 
iu{;pnpil,  'i  iu  head.  Tooth  small,  vilUlorui,  uutor  on1ar)j;od,  thoue  ot'  npper 
jiiw  litrgest.  I'ronpcrelu  with  a  i:reuiilate  iin'iubrauuceouH  borilor;  h^ast 
width  of  ](reorl>itfll  t!  in  head.  (Jill  rakers  whort  mid  nither  thick,  5  -|-  10, 
lower  much  suiiilier.  .Scales  on  snoLit,  below  eyes,  ivud  ou  anterior 
part  of  hroust,  oycloid;  eandul  scaly;  dorsal  aud  ttu:il  nearly  scalo- 
leM,  with  a  acaly  sheath  at  hoiw.  First  dorsal  spine  very  short,  in-nerted 
orer  base  of  pectorals;  third  and  rt»urth  eijiial.  2^  iu  head;  nuterior  dor- 
sal rays  3  in  head,  posterior  2j ;  second  anal  ^'4]iiue  'A  in  bead,  longest  ray 
2;  {listance  between  ba-ses  of  ventrals  ami  anal  'i  in  body,  ructorala  not 
extenilin);  beyond  ventrals,  Ij  lo  lY  iu  head;  venlr;i].H  not  ruat^hlng  lent, 
IJ  to  H  i"  head,  outer  ray  lilaincnCon.s;  longest  caudiil  ray  1|  in  head, 
the  uicdiuii  rays  longest,  iho  u]))>er  lube  slightly  truncate  and  Hlifrhtly 
concave,  the  lower  out  oil'  utill  more  obliijuely.  Color  bluish  silvery,  more 
yelli'W  beiiL'fttb  ;  scales  fioiu  tcisc  of  pectorals  to  caudal  with  larpT  dot«; 
back  with  4  or  5  wry  faint  brornl  dusky  cross  bands,  the  I  at  end  of 
spinous  (lut'sa I  htri^ust;  u  blarU  sixit  larfrc-r  than  rye  near  origin  rd'  bileral 
line;  membnine  nf  spiiiuus  dorsal  thiikly  dusted;  soft  dorsal  with  a  pale 
streak  throngh  its  middle;  aual,  outer  \  of  ventrals,  and  nearly  all  <>f  pec- 
torals dusky ;  caudal  nisty  at  bjwc,  followed  by  a  pale  area  and  then  a 
dusky  one;  a  large  black  humeral  spot.  Length  7  inches.  Related  to 
I'aralonchuru*  pm-iiniiuii  (.'^teiudachQiT),  from  which  it  is  separated  by  its 
shorter  pectoral,  shorter  dorsal  spines,  longer  Hiioiit,  and  more  dorsal  rays. 
Tanania;  rather  rare.     (Named  for  Mr.  liichard  Rathliuu.) 

Poinarrliiu  ralhlmni.  ,\iMU\s  Sl  BoLOtAS,  I'rtic.  U.  .S.  N»t.  Mu«.  tlWS,  162,  Panama.    (Typs, 
Vo.  n  170.     L'lill.  J  tbatrott.) 


1496         Bulletin  47,  Uiiiled  Slates  National  Museum. 


ostegalx  5;  sc-iilee  rather  largt-,  Hilvery;  Hfnnnua  dorsal  very  lopj;,  of  about 
1<>  BpiuoB,  bighei^t  at  the  liflh  or  Hixtli,  tlifuce  j^nuliially  8li<irt«ucd  eai'b 
way,  tlie  liUitepincH  being  Mhortor  tli.in  tiin  Holt  rnys;  anal  «pini<H stronger 
than  in  tlio  other  neiierii,  i-iirvctl,  the  secniid  spine  being  longer  and 
f)tri>i]ger  than  tbu  lirst  ami  tbiril,  which  itrc  nenrly  ij(|uul;  Aoft  r»y«  of  anal 
20  to  'i'A  in  uunilier,  the  anterior  «ini]>ly  Jkrticiilatcd.  Fresh  waters  of  Cal- 
ifomiti ;  a  moot  remarkable  genna,  with  a  single  knuwn  species,  {v^rtfta, 
womb;  xapn6<i,  fruit.) 

IS7».  flTSTKROIAKI-IS  TKAKKI.  <iil>liuuii. 

HeadSJi;  dopthS.  D.  XVI  to  X  VIII,  11;  A.I1I,22;  lateralline40.  Binly 
itval,  cutnpresHed;  doral  ontlirie  rttruU{,'1y  convex;  ventml  ciirvt!  less  than 
thdf,  iif  tho  l«n>l% ;  bead  «niall;  »nimt  bluntly  conic;  profile  from  snout  to 
ocoipat  concave;  month  nmall,  oUliqno;  maxillary  not  rcai'hing  orl>it; 
lowiT.jaw  included;  lateriil  line  following  the  curve  of  tits  back;  doriial 
spines  r:ithur  high,  thu  fourth  to  avvciith  liigbt-xt,  the  others  gradnally 
lower  each  way,  thu  lattt  sptne  MhDrtvr  than  th»  soft  rnys;  anal  spines 
strongly  curved;  checks  with  W  rows  of  large  scales.  Males  above  dark 
brown,  sides  yellowish  or  oHvuceoits,  with  fine  black  dot-s;  throat  and 
bellj'  golduu  yellow  ;  rcniiik'ft  oli\  ih'cohh  darker  above,  with  black  Motchea 
on  sides  in  irrt'<;tiliir  tniiisviTsc"  li!ir«.  Kivers  of  Central  California,  chiefly 
in  the  Sacramento  Valley,  from  Lake  Clonnty  to  Santa  Clara  County;  locally 
abnnclaiit.  (Kanioil  for  Dr.  J.  11.  Trask,  of  San  Praocisoo,  who  sent 
spocinii'iis  to  Dr.  Gibbims.) 

Ilyiltrocarpui  traiki,  GninON!*,  t'roo.  Ac.  Nat.Scl.  PbUs.  1851,  I U,\  lagoons  of  the  lower 
Sacramento  River  (Coll.  Dr..I.  II.  Triwkh  OiKAKD.  I'.  t>.  Pacific  It  U.  Survi<),  x,  IJO, 
pL  26,  fig,  U,  1858:  CCntrbii.  Cat.,  IV.  2S],  1802;  Jordan  &  GlUIBBT.  Synopsia.  StTl, 
18)13:  ElOBNMANN  &  Ul.BEY,  Kiill.  I^.S.  Fl«h  Ciraini.  1893,300. 

SargototHut  jltiviatilit  {.VdAssiz  MS.)  AtfXABPSB  Aqassiz,  Proc  Boat  Soo.  Nat.Bial., 
vni,  1861.  130,  Sacramento  River. 

Daeenlruxlu^mit.  JoKriAN,  Hull.  l'. S. Gcol.  Sarv.,  iv,  067.  1 878,  Sacramento  River ;  erroo*- 
onsly  usuribod  tu  tha  Uici  Urauilo. 


4 


599.  ABEONA,  (•'irard. 

'  Mieromtlrui'i.  Gishok.h,  Dnily  Placur  Time*  and  TrsniMirtpt.  Mny  UO.  1834  {agtngalm 
anil  mintmiw). 
Jkbtmia,  Oin*Hi>,  rnKv.\o,Nat-3rl.  Thilii.  1855,322  {trvwbritigH-inimMM), 

Rody  ovale  or  oblong,  i.-ninpressed ;  head  moderate;  month  STnall;  the 
jaws  about  e<|ua];  lips  rather  thin,  thu  lower  with  a  tiarrow  frennui; 
teeth  in  ou«  priiicipal  8cri{<s,  besides  wbieb  are  often  1  or  2  other  tuctta, 
stout,  somewhat  eouiproaseil,  and  inrisoi'-like;  all  or  most  of  the  tet^tb  3- 
lobed ;  gill  rakers  very  slejider,  of  nuxlerste  length;  lower  pharyngeals 
scarcely  concave  behind ;  the  outer  teeth  smal!,  conic,  the  rest  large  uiolurs 
closely  appresaed;  scales  largo.    Dorsal  fln  short  and  high;  the  spines 


*  Mwfwf,  untjUl;  M'Tpqr,  meaiiiiro. 

lEqiiivalvnt  tti  f'limalapnMtrr.  (lililwnii.  Uav  18,  18.%4.  ineln<lin|i  tlir  same  a|)ecic«.  i» 
BtrictM  to  iiiiiiiiniii  by  A ri'xanili'r  .-VsisaU,  18^1;  n  reatrictloti  pcrliiipa  not  allowable.  ■• 
ilicrumetnu  waa  an  exact  nynouym  or  CymatogtuUr. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     1497 


robnxt;  the  middle  nnet)  highe«t  anil  ratlier  higher  than  tho  soft  raya ;  nual 
fiu  short  and  d<«jj,  below  7  candiil  vertoUrii',  with  Htronp  spines ;  male  with 
a  di^ep  depresttioa  at  base  of  anteriur  iiiiiil  rays,  a  glauil  buluw  luiddli!  uf 
the  deprossiou ;  vertebrae  {A.  minima)  14+20 .=  ;H.  S^«>oie»  of  smull  size; 
partly  nr  wlmlly  herbivoniiiB,  living  in  rock  puolit  iiiul  fcoilini;  on  sea- 
xveedB      Coloration  vuriegatod.    (A  coined  irniiie  without  iiieaniug.) 

0  Dorsal  nya  IX,  II:  anat  MI.  Hi;  aiiliii  witli  ii  iloHky  Itand,  boatdoa  dark  croas  ban 

•ml  «pot«.  KtNCMA.  1880. 

aa    Dontal  rays  IX,  17-,  anal  Hi.  20;  a  ililTtifto  luteral  nliiido  ufonuijjci  IjcaitU^n  tliirk  (lota 

and  ahailea;  a  iliuk  aiillary  blow^ii.  AUBoaA,  1881. 

IMHO.  ABKOM  Hf^riHA  iGilidoos). 

H«ad  3i;  doplli  2.  P.  IX,  tl;  A.  HI,  lii;  scales  4-15-12.  Rody  oval, 
compressod,  with  thick  short  caiidul  podimrle  and  very  wliort  lit'iid.  Pro- 
lilo  luoderatt'Iy  depre^iBed  ubove  tliu  i^ye.H.  8])iut>us  dorual  rapidly  rising 
to  the  ijfth  or  sixth  spine,  t|ieii<-o  f;rail(ially  deHcendin^j;;  «|dunii8  doraal 
higher  thun  soft  part,  Ihi^  last  apiiio  hh  high  a»  first  fi>oft  ray ;  pectorals 
nut  roiicliiiig  aa  far  aa  vmitrals,  which  reach  about  to  thi^  front  of  anal; 
tiiird  Huul  Hpiiie  not  imich  longer  tlian  Mut'ond ;  higlioHt  doraul  Npiiif  equals 
STioiit  and  eye;  third  iinal  spine  li  in  head;  pectonil  1,', ;  origin  of  ventral 
spiuo  shout  tho  width  of  u  Ncnlo  li<>hiuil  thiv  vertical  front  pei'toral  base. 
Cheeks  with  siulen  in  2}  serios.  Color  greeuiah  above  with  bhiish  rellec- 
tiono,  thickly  dusted  with  black  dots;  an  irregular  longiiudiu.-il  black 
band  along  axis  of  body,  and  2  vertical  dark  bars  downward  from  b!»ae  of 
dorsal  fin  on  which  they  nppi>ar  aa  blotcdies;  sidoa  often  with  mneh  light 
yellow;  axil  of  pectoral  Idack;  vontrals  and  auiil  tipped  with  black. 
Length  (>  inoheH.  San  Francisco  to  8an  Diego;  rather  uomuiou;  the 
amftllest  of  the  family,     (minimna,  smallest.) 

Ogtnatogasl»r  miniintu,  (iltiBONH,  Proo.  Ac.  Nal.  Sci.  Cliila.  1854, 125,  San  Francisco  Bay. 
Holeonottu  trnwbridgii,  (•IRAKI),  I'rnc.  An.  Nul.  tS«i.  IMiila.  I8M,  152,  no  loculily  ^'ivnn. 
Abtmtii  (rotrfrrWjit.  GlUAaD,  t'.  S.  V.  R  R.  .Surv.,  X.  Fishes,  IM,  pi.  31,  ll|p.  0-10, 1858. 
AOcona  mittima.  Juudan  &Giijirkt,  Syuopaia.  587,  1883:  Kuienmann  A:  ITutKr,  1.  c,  3iW. 


INHl.  ABKONA  AlBdRA.  .In-nluii  A  i!ill>t.rl. 

Head  1 ;  depth  2J.  D.  IX,  17 ;  A .  Ill,  20 ;  lateral  linu  I."..  Hody  tdongate, 
with  a  very  long  and  rather  thick  <^audiil  peduncle.  Head  tninsversely 
very  convex  above,  and  with  a  bliuit  snont.  Mouth  smiill,  obHi|ue;  iiias- 
illary  reaching  but  i  the  dislancu  to  front  of  orbit,  SpiiiuiiH  dorwil  with 
the  fittb  to  the  ninth  Hpiiie:^  highest,  and  about  <M|ual  to  tho  longest  Koft 
ray.  Caudal  forked  for  nearly  i  it«i  length.  Scales  on  cheeks  in  ',i  dis- 
tinct series.  Color  Idul.tb  Idack  above,  Uecuiniug  li<;hter  on  aides  iiud 
silvery  below.  Operdes  ;ind  lower  \  of  sifles  {>iinct.'vt«  with  black  dots 
and  shaded  with  light  orange,  the  latter  more  intense  on  the  centers  of 
the  scales  and  foriuiug  n  dill'iiKie  laterivl  band;  a  broad  grayish  streak  back- 
ward from  pectoral*  to  oppo8it(^  origiu  ofaniil,  thin  streak  withoutoninge 
tint  and  with  the  margins  of  the  scak's  dark  by  aggregiition  of  bhick 
points;  young  specimens  with  the  bright  lateral  shade  more  distinct,  and 
3030 17 


1498  Bulletin  47,  United  StaUs  National  Museum, 


rosy  instend  of  orange;  flns  marked  with  mor<>  or  less  blarkiah,  tbe  anitl 
with  soiiio  yellowish;  a  coIl^^JJil■^lon8  black  triaiinular  blotch  hi  the  axil  of 
the  pectoral.  Letiyth  7  iinhfM.  Monterey  Hay,  rahrDriiia;  locally  abun- 
daut  in  rock  {iooIh  ;  nut  aoeuclsei^'herej  t'eedH  ii]>on  r'ra,   (.aurorn,  eiinriBe.; 

A.btm\a  aurora,  Jokoak  it,  GiiJinT.  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Miis.  IMci,  200,  Monterey  Bay  (CoU. 
Jordan  &  Oilbert) ,  Jobda.n  la  (JILBSBT,  Synopitiii,  588.  IglU. 

6oo.  CYMATOGASTER,  Gibbons. 

OiimaiQgatttr,'  Oihbonh,  Daily  I'larer  TiuicH  aod  Tratittcript,  May  18,  1864  (ag^fttgatwt 

ami  niiniiniM), 
UiframrtrM,  GililiON.s,  I'roe.  Cat.  Aa.  8ci.,  in  OaJly  Plaiwr  TitnM  and  Tranacrlpt,  May 

:(0,  18M  iagijretfttUit  and  niinimMiil. 
itftrofiatirr  (AaASXM  MS.)  Alkxanokb  Aoassik,  Ptoc.  IIobIod  Soo.  Nat.  HI«t.,TIll,  IMl, 

128,  anil  taynreffaluji), 
Sfina,  .riiupAX,  UulJ.  r.8.Gcol.  Surv..  IV,  380,  1878  (tii/n{ftr;  lamr  wUli  very  high  ver 

Ucni  fins  nnil  rlosrly  <-i>nipre«(H;<l  bodyj. 

Body  <>llii)lic'al,  ublotig,  coinpreaa^d ;  head  conic;  iiintitli  amall,  obliqne, 
til©  lower  jaw  slightly  sborter;  lips  Ihin,  the  lower  without  frennm ;  teeth 
aiuall,  L-oiiical,  ratbL'ruiimeruuo,  in  1  f«erli.-(i.  Oill  rakers uichderato,  slender; 
Hcali;H  coijiparalivoly  Iar<;e;  dorsal;  H[»iu«8  ratbcr  hitth,  aotue  of  the  middle 
nncH  liigliest,  tbe  posterior  not  so  high  as  tbe  soft  rayH;  the  soft  dorsal 
Bhiirtonod;  nnai  niodorate,  with  weak  spines;  candal  forked;  pharyngeals 
uuriiial,  the  teeth  mostly  conic,  the  oeutral  nnd  posterior  tcetti  molar; 
vertebra'  14+20=^4.  Carnivoroiis  upeeica  of  small  si/e,  aboiiiidiug  on 
sandy  orninddy  sboroB,     (xvfia,  fwtua;  yadrrjp,  belly.) 

1BI«9.  CTXATOnif^TER  AUHRKOATirK,  Gibbooa. 
(SPARADA;    VlVIPAIlOUB  PiCWCH.) 

Head  3)i;  depth  2J.  D.  IX,  20;  A,  III,  23;  scales  3-38-11.  Body  elon- 
gate-oval, eompTDSsed,  heaviest  at  the  front  of  the  dorsal;  caudal  pedun- 
cle short  and  slender;  bi>nd  short;  tenth  very  small,  coniral,  V;  doraol 
spiiiCB  high  and  rather  feeble,  rising  rapidly  to  the  tiftfa,  tbeneo  slowly 
descenihng.  the  last  lower  than  the  soft  rays;  pectorals  reaching  piifit  tips 
of  veutraU.  which  t\»  not  reaeh  nearly  to  vent;  third  auiil  spine  the  long- 
est, sliort^r  th.in  4oft  rayn;  ventnil  spine  sitaiited  iiboiit  2  scales  behind 
the  vertleal  friira  the  Hjise  of  tlie  jieetoral.  Cheeks  with  3  rows  of  seales^ 
fiill  rakers  short  and  slender,  about  18  below  .-mgle.  .Silvery,  back  dnsky ; 
middle  of  aides  iint*»ri«)rly  with  the  seales  earh  witb  a  cIiiHter  of  dark 
points,  these  foriMing  a  Kerien  of  longitu^linal  ><1ripo!<,  whieh  extend  to 
opposite  tbe  base  of  the  iiiial;  lhene  stripes  are  interrupted  by  3  vertical 
light-yellow  bars,  ou  wbieli  are  no  black  specks  in   the  mdult. t    Adult 


*  Thn  natiio  Cjimalnyiulrr  wnn  tlrst  upiilifxl  by  Dr.  Gilibiiii-f  li)  J  upeoiDii,  a^grfijatut 
anr)  fJii'/iiiniM.  Shorlly  atlorwanl^  Dr.  IrihljoDn  CrAiialVrn^d  t)ie  name  Vi/matttgatftr  |o 
7/oi<:uno(R«.  (rivinj!  a  iirw  nnnte  Micri:mftniii  to  aijiirtijatuK  .'inil  iiiiiiimiu.  SHII  later, 
OitianI  ijnvt'  tlii<  uatne  Abeana  lo  miuimiu  ami  Agiia-ilz  gave  llie  natno  MetrogtuUr  to 
airaregatui.  In  1801!  fiill  re»tort4l  tlic  iinnio  VijmnUtoaiiUr  U<  agyrrgalut,  an  arruigeoient 
which  ibonlil  un^balily  niand. 

I  Fur  ou  exrpiji^nt.  ileUilIfld  acM'ount  of  the  it0VBlo]iinrnt  of  thin  upociea  aee  Bi^eDmanQ, 
Bnll.  C.  8.  Fiah  Comin.  fur  IBfiri,  412-478. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1499 


maleH  in  spring  almost  Mitircly  blwk.  Length  6  inchcH.  Pacific  Const, 
from  Fort  Wrangol,  Alustka  lo  'rodog  .Sautos  Hay,  l^ower  I'lilifoniiii;  cvery- 
vvburv  exceedingly  aliuiidunt  iu  Hau<l,v  ur  muiltly  shallows,  luid  about  the 
wb»rve8,     (ar/greyatut,  crowded  tojjcther. ) 

CifinnUHjanttr  uijffrryatvs,  lilBUOK8,  Daily  Plurvr  Timi<8  aud  Tranicrlpt,  Miy  18,  t854,  San 

I-raocisco,  ItltiDONrt,  Tioc.  Ar.  Niit.  Sci.  rbila.  I8M,  IW;  ElUKNMAMN  Jt  ClucY,  I.  c, 

307;  EiasnUANN,  Bull.  r.S.  Kiali  c;onim.  tSU::  (IHM),  401. 
iliemmtlnu  agyrtyatut,  GiuHUfCK.  I)uily  I'lucor  Ttoc*  aad  Tranacript,  May  30, 1851;  On- 

BoNs,  I'roo.  Ac.  Nat.  Svi.  Pblln.  1854,  VSi;  Joudan  &  (iilbekt,  8ynoiMiii,  5'JU. 
anna  giffnifrr.  JORVAS,  Hull.  Uayclnn's  Gml.  Surv.,  IV,  ^09,  1878,  Rio  Grande,  Browna- 

ville,  Texas;  an  error,  the  tyima  liavlnn  riially  conic  from  San  Franciico, 
MttraifiUirr  liiirotaliit  {&.aK»t>\7.  UM.J.  Ai.kxa.nijEK  AdASKlz,  rriHi.  Bust.  Sue,  Nat.   Hist., 

VMl,  1801.  1211,  San  Francisco. 
DUrema  aggrtgatum.  GCrrrniSB,  Cat.,  iv,348, 

6oi.  BRACHYISTIUS,  Gill, 

BriuhyUtitu,  GiLL,  Proc.  Af.  Nat.  Sci.  Plillii    IHnj,  Tia  (Jrrnatm'i. 

Ilody  uloiigat«^,  <-iiuipres8ed,  witti  long  caudal  pedtiiiclc  tmd  slender 
pointed  snout;  luoutii  very  ninall,  willi  <iUf)  low  of  Iduntiah  teeth;  lower 
lip  (hill,  KDtire,  with  a.  I'rennui;  Kill  raki-r8  rather  sleudiir.  I'baryngeivia 
etuuintiiilly  as  in  Ci/nuitoganUr.  Scales  large.  Vertical  titis  vury  abort. 
Small CBrnivorouHHpecieei,  living »b »andy  shores.  {fi/JtxxOi,  shorty  idrior, 
sail,  or  dorBol  fiu.) 

1883.  nBAlilTINTIUN  FRK>ATU8,  GUI. 

Head  »1;  depth  3.  D.  VIII,  Xv>;  K.  Ill,  22;  lateral  line  40.  Body  elon- 
gate, compreiwed,  regularly  elliptical,  with  .-i  Hleiider  jioioted  hcatl  and  a 
long  caudal  jieduncle;  profile  much  dopn-ssod  over  the  eyes,  the  auout 
projecting.  Mouth  very  suiatl,  obli<|ti<',  maxillary  not  rejicliiug  orbit. 
Checks  with  2  rows  of  «cale.H.  Dorsal  ti)>tu('K  very  Jotitr  and  rather 
strong,  the  si^cth  and  Beveuth  the  longeiit  .'^ud  a  little  longer  than  thi^  Hoft 
rays.  Caudal  rather  dooply  forked,  tiill  riiUcrs  Klundcr,  rather  long. 
Color  dark  olive  brown  above,  each  scale  with  a  dark  siiot  at  bascj  folluwed 
by  a  li-jht  mark;  below  bright  lij;ht  coppery  red;  each  scale  with  a  blue 
spot  and  dark  ptinctulatiuuri;  bead  colored  like  tlie  body;  lin«  all  laght 
reddish..  Length  8  inches.  Vnncoii\cr  Inlaud  to  tiaudalupcf  locally  very 
abnndant,  ospocially  northward  iu  shallow  water,     {frcnatitx,  biidleil.) 

BrachyinHinftrnalut,  QlLl.,  Proe.  Ac.Nat^Sci.  PliiLa.  186'.',  27S,  California  coast. 
IHlrrma  bri-vipintio.  GUnthkb,  Cat,..  IV,  2(11.  IStl'J,  E^aquimault  Harbor,  Vancouver  Island, 
JKiwwnwtnw/renadu,  Joiii>an  di.  Giuibrt,  S)-iio|isla,  589, 1883. 

6oa.  ZALEMBIUS,  Jordan  alt  Evermana. 
ZaUvMui,  SoUDAS  &  EvKKMA-VN,  Clieck  Li.Ht,  (OS,  lg9G  (roMcciu). 

This  geuns  agrees  in  moHt  respects  with  llrnrhyiifUH»,  but  the  body  and 
hoiid  are  deep  and  com  presided,  the  caudal  peduncle  short,  and  the  vi>rtical 
fins  are  lougorthiin  in  Uraehiiiiiliiiii.  The  single  specici  inhabits  waters  of 
considerable  depth,  .50  latht»mH  or  uKiru,  beiiiK  the  only  nieiiiber  of  the 
family  not  conflned  to  the  shor»'H,  most  of  them  living  in  the  surf  in  very 
shallow  watoM,  (!^d\^,  sarges  of  the  sea;  Iftfiioi,  life  within,  the  root 
word  of  Embiotoca.) 


1500  DuIUUh  ^7,  United  Stata  National  Museum. 


ISS«.  ZALKHBirK  BOSACEUS  (Jonlftli  It.  GilUTt) 

Ileiwi  3i;  depth  2i.  1>.  X,  IS;  A-  III,  20;  soalea  6-50-16.  Body  oblong- 
ovnte,  ilf-epest  at  the  Blumldrrs,  the  [irolilo  tlipuoe  to  the  occiput  cuuvnx, 
the  ocfipitiil  ntiil  intcrorMtal  roKion  t-iinsiderably  ilppre«sod;  body  taper- 
iuK'  biick  ward  £ruin  tho  itbualdeni  into  »  ttburt  :iud  sicuder  oaudal  peduncle. 
Heud  Hiuall,  ttiiuk,  tliu  huuuI  bliiiit.  Moutli  corupiirutively  large,  little 
i>b]i(|ii<'.  th<<  lower  jaw  iufluded;  umxillary  slightly  pa«Hing  the  vertical 
from  till'  front  of  the  orbit;  prcninxillnry  anterinrly  on  a  level  with  the 
iiifuriiir  giLir^riii  of  tliu  pupil.  Eye  vnry  l;ii'g««,  its  diameter  about  i 
th<i  ItiMgth  of  the  kitud;  interorhital  region  very  broad.  Teeth  largn, 
I'oati'ul,  ti'uiic.-ite  :>t  tip,  about  '/,  none  on  tLi-  t«idi»i  of  the  lower  jaw; 
gill  rukore  Vfry  Hhort  and  jtleader,  about  12  below  angle.  Scales  on  the 
I'heek  in  :{  seria'i.  8pinuiia  doiaal  high,  the  first  spine  about  ^  the 
length  of  till'  bigho^L,  the  sixth  to  tenth  of  ut'iirlv  ei|ual  height,  and 
biKlier  than  the  soft  niyi*;  pnctoralH  re;»ching  ptmt  tips  of  veutrals, 
whieli  r(M)ch  about  to  front  of  aniil;  origin  of  ventral  spine  nearly  below 
Mt('  vertical  from  the  |^o«turior  eiiil  of  iioctoral  bittte;  anal  lin  with  the  base 
oblique,  the  sjnues  rather  strong,  and  more  or  loss  cnrved.  Caudal  fiB 
iiurrow,  forked  for  mure  than  .4  ito  leagth,  the  lobes  rather  pointed; 
peutoral  tins  t>uia]l,  not  reailiing  to  the  tips  of  the  veutrals.  Color  ruae- 
red  widi  silvery  luster,  darker  above;  top  of  head  orange;  a  very  distinct 
rliovolato-colored  spot  above  the  lateral  line  at  the  origin  of  the  soft 
dorsal  lin  ;  anothur smaller  one  just  below  the  end  of  the  soft  dorsal.  Fins 
iniiiiticulnte,  tiugud  with  reddish.  Length  S  kiches.  Coast  of  Califoraitt- 
the  typpM  from  di'ep  water  outside  ttn'  Golden  Ciate;  oecasioDally  taken 
by  lisheniieu  with  sweeji  nets,  jilso  dredged  iu  deep  waters  iu  different 
places  by  the  Alhatrots.    A  boiuitiful  and  interesting  fish,    (rotaceui,  rosy.) 

OymttogtuUr  rsMMtit.  JoKiMN  tl   <iiLi<itKr.   rror.   V.  8.  Kat.  Mini.  1880,  303,   off  Sas 

PmnciscQ.     (Coll.  Jurdiw  k  tlillH-rt.) 
Uictoatelru*  rotacetu,  JounA}«  \  Gilbebt,  Synopsis,  588,  1883. 


« 


603.  HYPOCRITICHTHYS,  Gill. 

n>nM>mtiehth}it,  Qiix,  Pn>«.  Ak.  Nat.  Soi.  PhlU.  1883,  U,  175  {anati*). 

This  genus  is  very  close  to  Htfperpronopon,  differing  chiefly  in  the  short 
nnal  fin  which  has  but  23  rays.  (vrtoHftiri)?,  hypocrite;  /^St's,  fish,  in 
form  and  nize  resembling  ('jfmatoyafttr,  thus  belying  its  affinities  w^hich 
we  entirely  with  lljfiierprotojmn.) 


ISSa.  Hll'OCKITICHTIiVS  A.>ALIS  (Alcxaudi r  A«mui» 

Hea<13);  depth2^.  D.IX,  23;  A.  Ill,  23;  lateral  line 63.  Body  compar»- 
tively  elongate,  formed  much  as  in  liradtguliuB  /r«matiu;  upper  anterior 
profile  nearly  straight,  depressed  above  the  eyes;  snout  sharp;  month 
large,  very  obli<iue,  tip  of  the  lower  jaw  <>n  a  line  with  the  upper  profile 
of  the  snout;  maxillary  reaching  front  of  orbit:  gill  rakers  long,  nnmerona; 
lowi-r  lip  without  frenum ;  dorsal  spines  high  and  slender,  longer  than  raft 
rays,  the  middle  longc«t;  anal  spines  small;  caudal  An  short,  not  widely 
forked ;  pectorals  short  and  broad,  }  the  length  of  head ;  eye  j  len^h  of 


Jordan  and  Evemiann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1601 


snont.  Color  silvery;  an  iulcy  Motch  on  the  middle  of  the  anal  fin,  nnd  a 
faintor  hlotcli  on  the  oiiinnnH  dorttiil;  front  of  nnnl  yi-llow;  fion  otherwise 
plain;  axil  bhw.k.  Length  G  inehea.  Knii  Frutirisco  fc>  Pniut  ('iinception ; 
rathor  raro;  locally  aliundaut  at  SanlaCruz.  (^in/i^ts,  pertniniug  to  the 
aoal.) 

Bjfp^rpntiioiian  analU,  Alexandkk  AaASSix,  I>roc.  Boat.  So«.  Kftt.  Hint.,  Vlli.  1801,  13n, 
Ban  Francisco. 

' BypoeritielUhyt  analU,  Giu.,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  .Sci.  Phlla.  1802,  276. 
IHtrrma  anaU.  irdNTBEn,  Cat.,  iv,  250. 
naUonotut  analit.  Jordan  &.  Gojiisbt,  S^opHlii.  SM. 
Hvptrproteptm  analii,  EioiNMAKif  &  Ulbbt,  1.  e.,  387, 


604.  HYPERPROSOPON,  fiil.bonB. 
(WAIJ.rKTItD  8URF-E'ISIIK8.) 


t 

^^^^yfttpnuapon,  Gibbonk,  Daily  Plarer  Timm  and  Transctiiit,  May  18,  ISM  {aryenttut). 
^^nmMkthy,  GtKARH,  Pmc.  .^r.  N'al.  Soi.  Pbiln,  I8S&,  :|23  {mrtjatop'). 

^^'BramafMU  (Aaxsaiz  MS.)  Aucsanubu  Aqakbiz.  Proc.  Uo»t  Sc>c.  Nat.  HlHt.,  viii,  18ai.  132 
(,tnmlo=argentrut). 

tHo<ly  ovate,  strntiply  cntiiprpiwed  ;  eyes  largo;  month  hidhII,  very  (dtlifjiie, 
with  2  rows  of  teeth  in  (lach  jaw;  lower  ]i|)  without  frfiimn;  pill  rnkers 
very  hmp,  slender  find  tapering.  rharynfj<^iil  tRotli  mostly  Hmnll,  conic,  a 
few  in  the  liwt  series  eiilar(;t>d  or  itudiir;  sr^ilea  stii:ili,  Bllvory ;  male  with 
I  of  the  anfcfrior  ruy.s  of  anal  trftii.-^farnicd  \ntft  a  triiinijnlrtr  pjjitc?.  the 
\  fin  forming  n  decided  :niuh«  at  this  potur,  the  rnyn  in  front  of  it  with  n 

I  thick  covering;  of  skin.     Vint^ilirni  'X\  to  35,  Vl  tr>  11   of  tlirm  iiliove  hnse 

of  anal.     Species  of  moderate  size,  living  in  th(>  nurf.     (vTctp,   above; 
r/JotfuffOP,  face,  the  forehead  facing;  upward.) 

a.  Yentrnl  fini- lirOAilly  tljigKNl  witli  lilm-ki  uuJ  ra^a  111,33,  the  flu  nearly  plain ;  BldM 

nilrtry:  anU'riur |ir<itlle «r  lieuil  concave.  AaaKMTKua,  1886. 

aa    Ventral  Qiin  plain  Milvcry;  auul  rnyti  III,  3U,  tbn  On  Ijlackiiili  iint«rtorIy ;  aidra  with 

fnint  diirV  cruM  baud*.  AOAiwim,  1K87. 


1886.  HTPRRPIinSOPON   IROEXTKCM,  Rlbbonit. 
(WALLrETn)  SOKr-rTSBi  WlIITK  P«RCII.) 

Head  3};  depth  2\.  D.  IX,  27;  A.  Ill,  32;  scales  72.  Body  ovate, 
"rtrongly  corapressctl.  IntL^rorhital  Hpaco  rather  wide,  alini[)tly  dcpn^fwed 
at  the  nape,  the  prulilo  of  the  siioiit  exUMidin};  forward  atali'BA  :iirg)i>  than 
that  of  the  back.  Snout  vury  dhort,  iiuudi  .'shorter  than  the  eye.  Maxil- 
lary Boamdy  reaching  front  of  pnpil.  Month  extrrniely  nldii|ue.  Eye  2} 
ill  head,  larger  than  in  any  othi-r  Hpecii'B.  (iill  rakera  hn  long  an  dianx'ter 
of  pu|>il  and  very  slender,  aliont21  bolow  ttieangto.  Mi<l(lle  diirsal  spines 
ft  little  higher  than  the  last,  or  than  the  soft  rays;  atial  low;  jicctorals 
scarcely  reaching  to  the  tips  of  vcntrals,  which  reach  past  the  front  nf  the 
anal ;  origin  of  v<>ntral  ^pine  5  or  I1  scivles  behind  the  vertical  fioin  ]inst;<;- 
riorend  of  pectoral  base.  Color,  Idnish  Mack  above;  sides  bright  silvery, 
Bometimes  faintly  barred;  voutrals  with  a  broad  terminal   bar  of  black; 


1502         Bulletin  47,  United  Stales  National  Museum. 


caudal  and  anal  edjiod  -with  blnckiali.  Longth  10  incfaett.  Coa«t  of  Cali- 
fornia, Oaiitt  I)lRa)>]if)iiitii)OHt  to  TniloH  San'l^)a  Hay;  on  sundy  shores  in  the 
surf,  everywhere  cotimaiin.     (nrjen^fH*,  nilvery.) 

UyptrptoDopun  atyentnim,  GinnoNK,  I'roc.  Ac,  KnL  Sci.  I'hila.  1851,  10&,  San  Pranciaco. 
ITyptrjiroiiojion  argtnttuin  panctatuin,  GinnONS,  Prao,  Ac.  Nat.  Si'i,  Phila.  18&1,  108,  San 

Francisco, 
HyjitrjirHtojion  arpuatvm.  GinnoNS,  Proo,  Ac  Nat  Scl.  Phila.  185*.  12>,  San  Pranclaco. 
noleuiiiitiii  tne'iaUipt,  (jllIAItti,  I'roo.  At'.  Mat.  Sol.  Pliila.  I8M,  1&2,  Presidio;  Humboldt 

Bay ;  Astoria. 
KnuielUlii/ii  iiugalopi,  ("r IRABU.  V.  S.  Pociflo  U.  R.  Snrv,,  X,  Fish.,  107,  ]8M. 
liramapni  tiu^tto  OVdAMix  MS.)  Alexandbb  AOASstz,  Pruo.  Bosl.  8oc.  Nat.  Htet^  vill- 

Igttl,  133,  no  loiality  (pveo. 
Hyptrprotopnn  arijntUtu  and  armotvt.  Gill,  Proc.  Ac,  Kat.  Scl.  Pliila.  1882,114. 
Ditrtma  areuatum  and  Dilrema  mtffalopt,  GOntheb,  Cat.,  IV,  349. 

1887.  ini'KKPBUSOPUN  AOANMZII,  liill. 

Head  3i;  depth  2.  D.  IX,  a.'.j  A.  Ill,  29;  later.il  line  GO.  Body  clliptic- 
oviito,  ILd  prutilc  nearly  straig'bt  from  the  suont  to  above  the  occipnt, 
there  forntiiij;  ti  Hli;t;ht  angle,  theucc  Btraightisli  to  the  haao  of  dorsal; 
ventral  outline  variable,  soiiietiines  strongly  ;irched;  month  amall,  very 
obliigae,  the  prttmnxillaiy  on  a  level  of  the  niidilleof  the  pnpil,  the  mnx- 
illnry  scarcely  rpacliiii|Lf  front  of  pupil;  cyp  i  longer  than  the  snout;  gill 
rakerH  not  ipiit^'  :im  long  rifl  the  diniimter  of  the  pupil-  •ibout  17  on  the  lower 
part  of  arch;  3  rowo  of  Hi::ilva  cm  cheek;  Hixth  dorsal  spine  Ligheat, 
higher  thiiu  the  Hoft  rayM;  third  nntil  a\}ints  much  tliu  loiigeHt,  ul>oiit  4  ub 
long  as  first  rays;  pectorals  fakate,  rcachityg  the  vertical  from  tiji  of  von- 
trals,  whii-h  about  reach  to  vent;  origin  of  ventral  spine  about  2  scales 
behind  the  verttcul  from  posterior  end  ofpectoral  bane.  Len^li  K  inches. 
CooHt  of  Cntifoniiit,  8an  FrauciKco  to  Santa,  Hiirbara;  not  generaUy 
abnndant;  nioNt  common  ntung  San  Ltiis  Obispo  t'otinty.  (Named  for 
Alexander  Agassi/,  who  piililisheil  in  li^til  an  oxeellcut  review  of  the 
species  of  this  family.) 

JlVprrprotvpon  orewituM,  ALKSAITDSS  AOASStZ,  Fn>O.Bo«t  SocNaL  Hltt.  IMI,  12S:  not 

of  Gibbons. 
JJjrperpntifpon  agnttiiii,  GllX,  Pror,  Ac.  Nat  Sci.  Phila.  1862,  276,  California, 
Amphytims  aganizi,  iowykX  <t  GiLBKBT,  Synopsis,  &93. 
HyperproiKipon  agatnti,  KlOKMlf  Aim  &  Ulbbt,  t.  «.,  887. 


i 


605.  HOLCONOTUS,  Agaasiz. 

HofoonotMf,  A0A8S17,  Amer.  Jtium.  .Sci.  Arts,  xvii.  May,  1824,  3C7  (rAodoCfrui). 
0)imaU)f)atteT,  Giduons,  I>a!iy  Placer  Tinit^H  luid  Transcript,  June  21,  IS&l  (not May  18,  ISM) 
(puUhtlltu) . 

This  genus  dilTcra  from  Amphi»Hchu»  chiefly  iu  the  absence  of  a  frenuuj 
to  the  lowpr  liti.  Vertebra'  14^-l^^  =  32;  gill  rakers  stont  and  blunt. 
Hody  aubcllititical,  moderately  voiii pressed ;  ruial  lin  as  in  Ami>hi»tirhHn\ 
its  basis  below  11  vcrtebrw.    One  species.    {oAxos,  groove;  I'luro;,  back.) 

mm.  liouitiNflTim  kiidimitkki  8.  .\giuu>ii 

Head  31;  depth  2,  D.  IX  or  X,  2H;  A.  Ill,  L");  lateral  lino  «»,  Body 
deeper,  more  i.*Ii\  iit«d,  and  less  couiiiressiid  than  in  Ufijierproiopw,  form 
ovate,  dorsal  and  veutrul  outlined  eLjually  curved;  profile  nearly  straight 


from  snout  to  dorsal,  Uttlc  depressed  above e]rf<;  aaout  a  little  loager  than 
•yo;  mouth  olilit|iu>,  tunning  iiii  auglo  of  iibout  45<Io);ret'ti;  pri'tuaxillary  on 
the  level  of  the  InvvtT  edyo  of  pupil;  ninxillary  nut  included  under  jtreor- 
bital,  reacbing  .jtist  pii»t  front  uf  pupil ;  fifth  dorsal  Hpim^  bighrat,  consid- 
erably highiT  tbjin  the  soft  ruys;  gill  rakers  (i+ll,  stutit  und  blunt,  fowiT 
and  stouter  thiiu  in  Hypirjironoiion.  Col<»r  gn-euish  aliovo;  sides  silvery, 
profiievly  covered  with  apnta  :iiid  blotches  of  li^ht  orange  brown  or  I'op- 
pery  red,  these  mostly  m  tlio  forui  of  iiiierrupteil  vertical  bare;  caudal, 
aniil,  tmd  ventral  iins  bright  ri<ddi»h,  without  black  epotii  or  uiarkings. 
Length  a  foot.  Coast  of  California,  8uu  Francisco  to  San  Diego;  not 
v)ry  abundant.     {ftoSorefioi,  rosy.) 

Hekonottu  rhoioUrtu,  A0A88U,  Amcr.  Toarn.  S<.'1.  Aru>,  Hay,  18&4,3(8,  San  Franctaeo; 

Ax.KXAi<nBB  AoAnstx,  I'rtHX  Biwt.  Soc'.  Mut  Hint,  vm,  1861,  131 ;  Jobdan  Jt  Oilubkt, 

Synopsig,  SOT)  EiOEifMANN  &.  Ulrrt,  I.  c,  388. 
Cymatogtulrr p\tlehtau4,  niBBONS,  Proc.  Ar.  Nat.  .S«i.  rbila..  July,  1854, 123,  San  Franciaco. 
Oymatogtuttr  larHnnt,  a4iini.>N8,  Proo.  Ac,  Xnt.  S>-.|.  Pliila.  1854,  12;i,  San  Franciaco. 
Cymatogat^rr  tUiplietm,  IriBBoNg,  Proa.  Ac.  Nut.  Scl.  Pliila.  1864,  1^1,  San  Franciaco. 
DitTtma  rItadoUrum.  GOKTHEa,  Cat.,  iv,  2M. 

606.  AMPHISTICHUS,  Aga«<8iz. 

Jtmyhittieliui,  AoAssu,  Amor.  Jonm..Sci.  Art«,Iday,  18M,UA7  (arffenUus). 
Uylihphagiu,  Oibboms,  Proc.  Ac.  \at.  Sci.  Pliila.,  July,  1864, 125  (Jiueiaiiu^iarymteuM). 

Body  ovate  or  oblong,  couipresMOd ;  month  mo<lerato,  oblitjue,  witb  slen- 
der conical  teeth  iu  2  serii-H  iu  each  jaw,  the  outer  sorics  longtjr;  lips 
thin,  tlu!  lower  with  a  broiid  froimni;  gill  rakers  few,  stout  nml  blunt; 
pharyngealB  normal,  thuir  teeth  Nniull,  couio,  a  few  of  the  last  2  series 
larger  and  molar;  fins  not  very  high,  the  Npiuos  slender;  scnleit  small; 
vertebral  13-fl6=2y;  the  aual  basis  below  10  vertebni'.  Anal  in  male 
with  1  of  its  anterior  rays  transformed  into  a  triangnlar  plate;  a  decided 
auglu  at  this  ])oint,  souic  of  the  rays  btd'ore  it  witii  the  akiu  thickened. 
One  species.     (aft<^t,  double;  6Tixoi,  series.) 


I8S9.  AMPIIISTK  HII8  ABllKXTKt'N.  Agaaalz. 
(SrwFisii.) 

Head  3i;  depth  2).  D.  X,  24;  A.  Ill,  26 ;  lateral  line  63  to  67;  vertebrnt 
13-f- 16=29.  Body  ovale,  the  dorsal  prufile  much  more  curved  than  ven- 
tral; interorbitul  region  scarcely  dujircssed;  mouth  comparatively  large, 
little  obli(iue,  the  maxillary  being  below  the  level  of  the  ratbc^rsuiall  ey(<, 
lower  jaw  included.  Head  blunt  an<ldeep;  snout  longer  than  the  eye; 
maxillary  reaching  front  of  pupil,  not  included  under  preorbital;  lips 
rather  thin,  the  lower  with  a  fhiunm.  Gill  riikers  few,  rutbcr  short,  stiW, 
5-f-ll;  lower  pharyngeals  normal.  Caudal  pccltiucle  abort  anil  stout; 
pectorals  reaching  slightly  past  tips  of  ventrals,  which  rea<di  to  vent; 
origin  of  ventral  spiuo  almost  under  posterior  end  of  pectoral  base;  third 
anal  spine  the  longest,  scarctdy  \  as  long  ua  first  rays;  dorsal  spines 
■trong,  the  fifth  or  sixth  longest,  shorter  than  soft  rays;  p<-ctoral8  slightly 
falcate,  nearly  reaching  tips  of  ventrals.  Silvery;  sides  with  narrow 
Textical  bars  of  a  brassy  olive  color,  alternating  with  vertical  buries  of 


1504         Bulletin  4J,  United  States  National  Museum. 

spots  of  Bimilar  oolor;  flna  plain;  vortical  AtiB  socoewhkt  edged  with 
dusky;  Hp«oini«it)8  oocaoionally  iniiforiii  liriuMy,  \rttliout  liara.  Lengtli  1 
Toot.  Pacific  coaat,  from  Cuptt  i'lattery  to  8au  Diego;  very  abundant  ou 
iiaudy  shores,     (^argeutvu*,  Bilvcry.) 

Jni}iAt«(ieAu«  orgmlfvi.  Aoaskiz.  Anwr.  Jonm.  Sci.  Art*.,  May,  1854, 3fiT.  San  Fraaciaco; 

UiBAKit,  r.  S.  Pnc.  R.  U.  Siirv..  X.  rishes,  201. 
MgtiU>pliU;iiu  fateiatvt.  GluiioNtt,  Pro<-.  Ac.  Nat.  Soi.  Diila..  Jalv.  IWU.  IZTi.  San  Franciaco. 
AmpAu(ir/iiM  Aemnnnni,  OlHAllD,  Proc.  Ac.  Xat.  Sci.  FliUa.  1854, 135,  Cape  Flattery:  Sam 

Franciaco. 
AmpAM'ic/iiM  nmilit,  GlUAJtD,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  ScL  PbiU.  ISM,  1S3,  San  Francisco. 
DUrnnn  argcnUum,  GC.fTUKB,  Cat.,  I  v,  251. 
Amfktftiehiu  arffottetu,  JuJUUkU  Sc  G  tuicBT,  Synopsla,  .193 ;  Eiohxmahk  &  Ulkky,  L  c,  380. 


607.  EMBIOTOCA,  Agaaaiz. 
Embi«t«fa,  Aoassiz,  Amer,  Joani.  Soi.  Arts,  xti,  Kov«uilMr,  1853, 3M  (jaek*on(). 

Body  obluiig.  inorc  or  leas  elevated,  somewhat  compressi'd,  the  candal 
pc'duiK-le  robiiHt.  Hciid  iiiodernte,  tlie  lower  Jnw  inrhidod.  I.ipj<  luoderute, 
the  lower  with  a  freniini,  Maxillary  nhort,  it«  whole  leuKlli  Hiippiu);  under 
the  pruorhitul.  Teeth  few,  cuuiciil,  blnntish,  in  1  series.  Oill  rakers 
weak,  rather  Abort  an<l  xleiuhir.  riiaryo^eals  iioriiial,  th<'  anterior  and 
lut<'ral  tooth  small,  coiiiu,  tht^  iiuiliiiu  and  posterior  l!ir<;(<,  triiucate  ninturN; 
iiiiilt'N  with  a  glniiil  on  Homo  of  the  .-interior  aual  rays,  bat  none  of  tbciii 
uiodilicd  to  I'nriii  a  delmito  plate;  vcrtebrsr  14-)-  IH  or  19,  the  biwin  of  aniil 
bolow  0  caudal  vort«1)r:i';  linit  h:i  mal  apiur  f^mall,  nppliiid  to  tb-  Hccoud. 
Caudal  tin  lutiate;  anal  tin  rather  loii^s  mnch  loiif^er  than  abdomen,  its 
apiues  small.  .Scales  siuall,  about  60  in  the  l.-itcnil  ljnt>.  t^a*"  species.  This 
^nng  is  very  close  to  the  .I.-ipane.sfv  gonii»,  fHfremn,  Teinminrk  \-  Sfhiegcl, 
1847,  the  longest  known  raonibiT  of  the  family.  IHtrrma  temminckii  in  in 
form,  color,  and  apjiearanro  b«twcon  Embiotoca  and  Dianerodon.  Its  scales 
ore  Tery  email  (70  to  75 1  and  tUr  lower  pharyiijjeals  i»re  (|uito  8ma]I,  the 
teeth  all  coiiic  and  rather  slender,  {uifiioi,  living  within;  rd>ro;,  off- 
spring;; an  onpbonioufl  and  appropriate  name  which  is  fort'Uuately  to  bo 
retained,) 

I8M.  E<«BIUTOC'A  JAt'KHOM,  Agaulc. 
(GOMNOII  SiTBr  riSH  ;  BUkCK  Pkboh.) 

ITead.1};deplb2.  D.IXorX,20;  A.  111,25;  scales  10-,';8-18.  Fonnovat*, 
rather  thick,  the  ontlinr  ctinvox.  Month  rather  small.  fJill  rakers  short 
and  stout,  about  15  below  angle.  Dorsal  spines  low,  much  lower  than  the 
soft  rays;  pectoral  trtangnlar  in  ontlinn,  not  reucbiug  past  tips  of  ven- 
trals,  wliirb  reach  nearly  to  front  of  anal;  ori);in  of  ventral  spine  about 
2  scales  bebiud  the  vertifal  from  jioslerior  end  of  base  of  pectoral; 
third  anal  spino  less  tbaii  \  as  Uma  as  first  rays;  caudal  peduncle  thick- 
i.th,  the  fill  not  widely  forked.  Scale**  on  chovk.s  in  4  series.  Brownish, 
tinged  with  );roen,  bine,  red,  or  yellowtsb;  sides  with  about  iO  faint,  ver- 
tical, dusky  bars;  belly  usually  yellowish;  hea<l  with  blue  spots;  flua 
dnsky,  tinj{ed  with  blue  or  red;  anal  in  males  somotimoa  red  with  a  hlitck 
patch,  aud  the  ventrala  orauge.    Colors  extremely  variable,  the  pattci-n 


Jordan  and  Ewrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1505 


of  color  not  iloliuite.  Length  1  foot,  Vanconver  Mand  to  Totlos  Santos 
Ray,  guDurully  comiiiou ;  thu  uitiHt  abiiudnnt  of  the  larger  f!p(<oiiva  Boiith- 
ward.  (Nmiied  for  A.  C.  .Iin-ksou,  of  Sjiii  lYani'ixco,  who  first  noticed  the 
viviparity  of  Embiotoca  mid  tirat  brought  the  fact  to  the  atteutlon  of 
Prof<^8(lor  Agassiz.*) 

Embiolnea  Jnciuml,  AOASSIZ,  Anier.  Joum.  Set.  ArtJi  1853,  387,  and  ltSS4,  3fiR,  San  Fran- 
cisco; CilNAllli,  U.  S.  Pao.  li.  li.  Siirv.,  x,  FIhIiM,  168. 
Htilemiotuii  Juliffinotitji,  Uiuikinh,  Proo.  Ac.  Nat  Sci.  rhila.  18Si,  12;i.  San  Francisco. 
EmbMoca  cattidyi,  Gibahd,  Proc.  Ac.  Xat.  Svi.  Plilla.  1854,  151.  San  Diego. 
£mUo(ooa  ivetM,  GlRADD.  Pmc.  Ao.  Kat.  Sci.  Pbila.  1886,  320,  San  Diego. 
IHtrfma  jaektnni.  I'jVternwi,  Cat.,  iv.  245;  .IokiiAK  6c.  (Iiuiebt,  Bynopaia,  S96. 
Embiotoea iaektoni,  EiasNllANN  6i  Ulriy,  I.e.,  3Bi. 


6o«.  TiENIOTOCA,  Alexander  Agassi!!. 

BMMtMlM,  Gibbons,  Proc.  Ao.  "Snl.  Sol.  PblU..  July,  185i,  vri  {uganizii^^atfralU). 
TmniotMa,  Alsxaitdek  AnAsaiz,  Proc.  Boat.  Sac.  NaLHUL,  vill,  1801,  133  {.lateralit). 

ThiH  geniiH  is  very  close  to  Phnniroilon,  differiiig  only  in  the  short,  dtwp 
euudnl  peduncle.  Tlie  aiugle  .species  is  highly  variegated  in  color. 
(ra/*'/fr,  baud;  ruua,  Cot  Jimbioloca). 


IKOI.  TJ':NIOT0rA  I.ATRRAtIN  <Agaaiiis>. 
(BLVS  PKBCB:  .tTRlPRP  SPBT-nSB.) 

D.XorXI,23;  A. 111,31;  xcsile^  7-63-ir. ;  vnrtoliTi«>35to37.  BodyoMong, 
compreased,  with  a  short  niid  viTy  high  eauihil  ]iediincle,  the  liody  t;i]>er- 
ing  back  less  th:ii>  usual,  the  dorHii)  awl  ventral  uiittiiips  uearly  oigiially 
curved.  Mouth  hiit  littli-  oltiiiint-,  the  maxillary  scarcely  rencliiniL,'  orhlt. 
Teeth  strong:  gill  rakers  fdmrt  ami  stout,  about  14  below  angle.  Spiuoiis 
dorsal  very  low,  the  last  spiuu  higheut,  hut  much  sljortiT  than  the  soft 
rays;  soft  dornal  and  anal  higb;  pt>ctnral  lins  triangular  in  outline  to  tips 
of  ventrals,  wbiiL  reach  to  vent;  origin  of  veutral  spiue  about  2  sealeii 
behind  the  vertical  from  pnsterior  end  of  p«<-tural  boAo;  third  anal  spine 
loss  than  i  aa  long  as  first  rays.  Color  reddiHh  olive  aboTo,  hccomiug 
bright  orange  red  below,  ovoryw hero  thickly  dustod  with  black  points; 
a  conlinuoiiH  liright  bliu'  streak  along  the  edges  of  each  rnw  of  scales; 
streaks  of  thoracii-  region  formed  by  isolatod  blue  Kpots  on  the  uuddle  of 
the  scales;  head  with  sevt^ral  series  of  blue  npots  and  streaks;  tins  all 
olivaceous  dnsky;  veritrals  with  some  light  orange.  Vancouver  Island  to 
8au  Diego;  very  abundant  northward,  si-urce  south  of  Point  Conoeption; 
a  very  handsome  Osh.     {laleral'ta,  pertaining  to  the  side.) 


'The  dsUi  of  I>r.  JarkiwD'H  dlsrover;  <■  June  7,  1B52.  I>r.  Thomna  H.  Webb,  of  the  ' 
Mexii'an  Boiiiiilary  Siinrry,  Hoon  nft<>r  »oiit  a  nlmlliir  n«tic<<  to  A-gantim,  im  extmct  fmra 
hia  diary  at  San  IHpgo.  May  n.  1852.  Dr.  J.  K.  honl.  of  Vancouver  lalan.t,  and  l>r.  \Vil- 
lian  Pet«rR  tiibbona.  n(  AlnmiHla,  niude  Hiaillar  iibH^rvntioiio  at  al>oiit  I  ho  BAnic  time,  ii« 
did  also  Prul'.  Ci'orco  DavldNnii  nnd  Prof.  John  L.  L^Coiito,  tbo  latter  appari'utly  in  1851. 
The  earhptt  piibliHiiod  nri  'nint  Ih  tliut  of  AiiiUtHix,  after  nntea  of  JarkHun,  in  Kovvmbvr. 
liU:i.  Aftj'r  bill!  •'nnir  GibliuoH,  in  Mjiv  and  .Iimi',  I9S4:  Qirard,  in  Aiitrn^t.  1B54,  and 
otben  «tiU  lalor.  .^«  Ki;;cumaun.  ISiill.  IJ.  S.  Fiak  Cunuu.  18S2, 405,  for  a  full  li1aU>rical 
■oooniit  of  tbMe  diaoovoriea. 


1506  Bulletin  4j,  United  States  National  Museum. 

tUnl>iotoen  Mtrali*  AoARSiK,  Ainar.  J«a<i>.  8el.  Arte,  May,  18M,  366,  San  Praociaco. 
HntcnnoluM'  nijaimiHi,  (iIbbona.  Proc.  Ar.Nat. Sci.  Phlla.,  July,  1854, 122,  San  Francisco. 
Kmbv>t»ta  limitla.  dtRABD.  Proc.  Ao.  Kat.  Sci.  PhlU^  Augaftt,  185i,  134.  San  Francisco; 

ToRialetBay;  Preaidio. 
Kmhiotnen  prrMpiealnlir.  fIfltASD,  Pnw.  Ac.  Nat.  S<H.  Fbila.  18S5,  321.  Puget  Sound. 
KmfHotofa  omala,  Guiabd.  I'roc.  Ao.  Kat  Mci.  Pliila..  April.  185S,  3S1,  San  Dieco;  South 

Karallonei. 
Timtnotvta lateraUt,  AI.EXAXDEK  XriAfsa,  Vtoc.  Boat.  Soc  Nat.  Blat.,  mi,  IMt,  123. 
TJitrrma  taUraU.  nCirrnKn.  Cut  ,  rv.  ■2i5:  JoKltAK  A  GlLBCBT,  Bynopaia.  Mi. 
PtoiMrodm  laUralls,  EiuKsuxxy  k  L'lbst,  I.  e.,  304. 

609.  PHANERODON,  fiirard. 

Phanerodon,  GlKABU,  Prm-.  Ac.  Nat.  .Sci.  Phila.  1854,  lU  (/urcatu$). 

Tbis  ^oiiuB  is  very  close  to  Embiotoca,  tHtrrma,  and  Tteniotoea.  From 
Embioloca,  I'hanirodon  dilTers  chietl.v  in  tbe  long  and  slendtr caudal  pedun- 
cle, and  in  the  lurgiT  number  of  vertebra^  14  or  15+23  or  24  =  37  to  39; 
the  baae  of  tbe  ana]  is  below  11  or  more  vertebra-,  and  the  first  bsmal 
apiuo  ia  ati  large  an  the  aocond;  dorsal  epini's  aU'nder  and  biKb,  tbe  last 
ones  ns  high  an  the  soft  rays.  Species  pl.ainly  colore4l,  of  uiod«rat«  size; 
the  caudal  deeply  forked,  (^ayepdi.vxidaat;  o<$ot';,  tooth;  batthetvotb 
are  no  lari^er  than  in  related  genera. ) 

a.  Ventral  fins  plain  whltlali;  aoalea  of  bodjr  withont  orange  abodca;  candal  edgetl 
with  iluakyi  lii'ad  Hlinrt,  3]  In  lenirth.  FUBi'ATrR,  1893. 

aa.  Ventral  flD»  hroadl.v  tipp<>(l  with  blackisb:   «pale«  of  Imdy  above  eaeb  wIlU  an 
nraago»ba<lo  al  busv;  caada]  nut  danky-eilgeil :  bead  longer,  3^  is  lenjcUi. 

ATBins,  1803. 

IHti.  PHAXEBODOX  FITS*  ATITS,  Qlnid. 

CWinTB  Suw-rtBii,) 

Hend  3J ;  depth  2}.  D,  X,  21  to  XI,  22 ;  A.  JIl,  m  to32 ;  lateral  line  60  to  69. 
Body  iiblonK-ellii>tic'u],  coijiprtJtsed,  tjipering  Ji;ickwiird  into  the  lung  and 
slender  cimdal  pi-dnnflo;  dorsid  and  ventril  oTitliiws  about  equally  curved; 
occipitiil  region  little  depresaed;  mouth  smalt;  lower  jaw  included;  teeth 
riither  large,  conical ;  gill  rakers  very  short  and  blender;  lost  dorsal  apino 
hij^hcflt,  MOtnetimes  higher  than  the  soft  rays,  the  tin  higher  than  in  Phatie- 
rnilon  alripe*;  pectorals  reaching  1^  little  beyond  tips  of  ventriils;  caudal 
fin  Mtrongly  forked,  thu  upper  lobe  iianalty  thu  lonjcer.  I..i|c:ht  olivaceous, 
silvery  l>©low,  aouiotiraes  yi-lluwisli ;  scak's  with  bright  relk'ctions  but  no 
rod  iiiiirkiDga;  usujilly  a  round  dusky  spot  on  the  anal;  vuntrals  plain; 
I'liudal  (Ui  edged  t»ehiiid  with  dnaky  ;  fins  usually  yellowish  tinged.  LtMigth 
I  fool.  Unriflc  coast,  from  Vancouver  Island  to  San  IMego;  extreraely 
abundant  from  Cape  Mendocino  sonthwiird.     {fiircaiai',  forked.) 

/'Aunrrodnn/Hreotiij.CiKABO.ProG.  Ac.  Nat  Set.  Phila.  1854, 163,  Prealdio;  TomaleaBay; 

am]  in  IJ.  S.  Pac.  It  R.  8urv..  x,  riah.,  184. 
fhlrtmn /ureatum.  (iUxTHBR,  Cat.,  IV.  247;  JoRnA.\  Si  GtUUliT,  SyDOpsla,  SM. 
I'huntrodonfurtatxu.  KlouniAifN  *  rLB«T,  l-  c„  3>4. 


•Tba  name  Beleonctut  waa  luvanted  by  Oibbooa  iDdepandeotly,  and  ia  nut  aynonyiuoTu 


with  SoUonohu  of  Agaa^ 


Jordan  and  Evermann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     1507 


ISH.  PHANKKODON  ITRIPES  (Joitlan  i:  Gilbert). 

Head  3^;  depth  1.M-  U-  X,  23;  A.  Ill,  29;  lateralliueTO.  Body  elongate, 
tapering  into  a  long  ami  ^Iolnle^  lainliil  peduuile.  Suoiit  rathwr  prnjeot- 
iiig.  Head  small.  Month  Rtiiall,  the  Tiiaxillary  iint  cxtenilinf;  t«  apposite 
the  eye.  Teeth  few  and  small.  Kye  as  lou^  as  Biiout,  3Hi)  lieud.  Cheeks 
with  3  rows  of  xcales.  Oill  rakers  longer  tLati  iu  rclat-ud  specicH,  and 
pharj'ugi'ala  stronger,  with  tho  t«eth  mort*  nearly  paved.  Highest  dorsal 
apinci  shorter  thiin  the  soft  rajB.  Pectorals  long,  reaching  tip  of  ventrals. 
Cuiidul  lyltL'o  ci|aal.  Light  olivacoons  above,  pearly  below;  Hi-alcs  above 
the  axis  of  body  eaob  with  an  orauge  spot  at  b.-kse,  itsoiiter  margin  tinged 
with  blue,  thi-se  forming  faint  r(jddi«<h  dtreiiks  along  the  rows  of  scalen; 
anal  with  a  dusky  H|H)t;  vuntrals  broadly  tipped  with  blackish;  caudal 
not  diiik-edged.  Length  10  inches.  Monterey  Bay  and  banks  off  San 
Dii'go  in  deeper  water  than  related  Bpccies;  not  yet  recorded  from  iiiter- 
venJDg  loualitiea;  locally  abiiudunt  oft"  Monterey,     (a(«r,  black  ;  j;ie»,  foot.) 

Dilrema  atrip**,  Jordan  &  OiiaiRT,  1'roc.  V.  S.  Nat.  Mna.  IWO,  320,  Monterey  Bay; 

JOhbAN  k  Cnjlfsr.  Synopaiii,  Mtfi. 
IHtrima  orthonolut,  Eiiiii:N.MA.NH  &.  EIOBXIUXN,  West  AinerlcaD  Scioiitiat,  Oototter,  1889, 

127,  Corte*  Bank*,  off  San  Diego. 
niai\«rodm  airipu,  KiouoiAinc  &  Clbxt,  i.  e.,  396. 

6x0.  RHACOCHILUS,  Agassiz. 

Khafoehilut.  AOASnz.  Am.  Jonm.  Scl.  Arls.  May,  laM,  3«T  (loiotrt}. 

J'achiilabrvf,  GtK8PK!<.  Pnic.  Cul.  Ac.  StI..  In  Dully  I'lai-er  Tlnu-a  imJ  Tranaorlpt,  .Iiino  21, 
1 BM  ( rn  riegatvt  —  tiix<i  I  ft ) . 

Body  ovate,  compressed,  tapering  abruptly  into  a  long  and  rohast  candal 
peduncle;  mouth  coiupamtively  Inrgu,  the  lower  jaw  ini'ludtnl;  lips 
extremely  thick,  the  lower  without  freiitim,  its  po.sterior  edge  free,  coarsely 
lobed;  teeth  few,  aniall,  conioal,  in  1  aoriea;  gill  rakiMS  rather  long; 
pharyngeals  normal;  scales  eniiill ;  dorsal  spines  low,  po.storiorly  .siibei|nal, 
mai-'h  shorter  than  the  soft  rays;  caudal  deeply  forke<l;  anal  basis  elon- 
gate, the  sjiines  small.  Vertobrii^  11+22.  One  species.  Mab'H  with  a 
gland  on  some  of  the  anterior  rays;  tho  anal  basis  without  angle;  none  of 
the  rays  modltiod  to  form  a  plate,    (fidjtof,  rag;  ;{e7Ao;,  lip.) 

1N04.  HHACOtrilXUSTOXOTSt!!,  Agawix. 


(Alkionk.) 

Head  3? ;  depth  2}.  D.  X,  23;  A,  III,  30;  scales  U-7tV20.  Body  ovato, 
with  elevated  back  and  long,  thick  caudal  peduncle;  head  deep,  with 
prominent  snout;  month  \rid(>.  oblique,  the  lower  jaw  included;  maxil- 
lary reaching  front  <if  orbit,  slipping  under  the  i>rcorbital ;  lips  extreuti'ly 
large,  with  uneven  surface,  slasbed  behind  and  without  frcuum;  teeth 
strong,  wide-set,  those  in  mandible  little  devdojmd;  eye  large;  gill  rakers 
stont,  abont  20  bi'lo«  the  arch;  about  (J  series  of  scales  ou  rheek,  8  on 
operde;  soft  dornal  conaidt'rably  elevated,  much  higher  than  spinous  por- 
tion; pootoiala  aud  ventrals  long;  pectoral  triauguiar  ia  outliue,  about 


1508  Bulklin  ^7,  United  Slates  Nalional  Museum. 


reoohiuf;  to  tips  of  reutrals,  wfiich  riiacli  iia«t  veut ;  origin  of  ventral  spine 
nlxiut  6  scales  bubind  the  vcrtUiil  from  posterior  eiljfo  of  pectoral  l)ii8<'. 
Caudal  short,  dooply  forked,  llie  tipper  lobe  thr  longtir.  Olir.iceoiiS,  with 
brassy  refloctioDS  .-tnd  dusky  points;  ttus  ]))ikin.  LeuKtli  18  incheii.  The 
largest  aud  least  bandsoiiK^  of  thu  family,  and  tbe  on<«  of  most  value  as 
food.  Coast  of  Califortita,  from  8:iu  Frauciseo  l-o  San  I*iego,  ratlier  oom- 
inon.  (ro^orr/s,  tho  East  Iiidiati  archer  flsb;  IVom  some  obscure  roaem- 
blannc.) 

AAa«oeAi<uf  t<aot«M,  Aaxasft?,,  Am. .Tnnm.  !>ci.  Arts,  May,  1854, 367.  San  PrancUco ;  GlBABO, 

U,  8.  P»c,  U.  K.  Surv.,  X,  Fisliea,  188, 1858. 
PaehylabruM  rarifgaliu,  OlBDOlis,  Proc.  Ao.  Nat.  Sc-1.  Pbils.,  rii,  July,  1854,  126,  Saa 

Francisco. 
Diifema  tnxote;  GCvniSH,  Cat.  Fislies,  rv,  247. 
BhaeoMlu*  toxvUt,  JoiwA.t  ti.  Giuibbt.  Sj-nopsix,  SM;  ErasiniAKir  it.  Uuuer,  {.  e.,  30O. 

6ii.  HYPSURUS,  Alexander  Agaasiz. 

Bjiprunu,  Alkxajtoer  Aflusix,  Proc.  Boat.  Soo.  Nat.  Hial.,  rirt,  18411,  133  {ewry\). 

Body  olilong,  coiapreHsed,  moderately  elovatod,  taporiiig  abruptly  to  a 
very  slender  and  shorl,  ppduncio.  Head  iiinderato,  ratliiT  acute,  lower  jaw 
iui'liided.  Lips  rather  Intge,  entire,  the  tower  with  ii  frouiim.  Teeth  few, 
conifjil,  lilimt,  in  I  aorioH,  tliose  nf  the  upper  jaw  sometimes  partly  in  2 
series,  fiill  ralfers  slender,  rather  short.  Phiiryngeals  normal;  anterior 
and  lateral  U-uth  of  low^r  pliaryugt^als  small,  bluntly  conio;  a  triangular 
poBterior  patrli  of  hirjjor  teeth,  all  but  the  ponterior  row  truncate,  the  pos- 
fcerior  row  conic  Dorsal  fin  rather  low,  the  »<pines  all  inwer  than  the  soft 
ntys.  Caudal  broad  aud  short,  widely  forked.  Anal  lin  extronioly  short, 
althiHigb  ni.'iny-rayed,  lwf;iiming  Jar  back,  the  Icnjjth  of  its  hswe  being 
tesa  than  .)  the  distance  between  it»  lirnt  spine  and  the  root  of  the  ven- 
trals,  the  ahdumeii  beinj,'  therefore  extremely  \oM)i.  Scales  rather  sriiall. 
Vertahne  17  -f  5J0.  This  genua  is  distinguished  from  Emhiotota  chielly  by 
the  great  length  of  the  abdominal  region  which  is  causietl  by  the  incrcised 
number  of  abdominal  vertebne.  One  species,  of  small  si/e  aud  brilliant 
ooloration.     (i3^i,  high;  vvpt'i,  tail.) 


18»5.  HrPSDBCH  «iBTl  (AgMtU). 

(KUOASA.) 

Head  3J;  depth  2i.  D.  X  or  XI,  23;  A.  Ill,  24:  lateral  line  71.  Hody 
elliplieal,  eomiiresscd,  the  ventral  outline  contpuratively  straight;  head 
depressed  above  eye;  auont  sharp;  preiiiusillaries  on  the  level  of  the 
lower  margin  of  ptiptl,  lower  jaw  iachuled;  maxillary  nearly  reaching 
front  of  eye,  inctuded  under  preorhital;  fourth  to  sixth  dorsal  spiuca 
highest,  lower  than  the  soft  rays;  n\\\  rakers  slender,  short,  7+13.  Tee. 
toral  long,  reaching  past  tips  of  veutrnls,  which  reach  |  way  from  thi-ir 
baae  to  fi-ont  of  anal;  ori^^in  of  ventral  ti|>ino  about  8  scales  licUind  the 
vertical  from  the  iiosterior  end  of  pectoral  ba.'w.  Anal  very  short,  the 
third  spine  longest,  about  f  as  long  as  the  tirst  rays,  far  back,  its  raya 
aleuder  aud  crowded  cloae  together,  its  origin  opposite  posterior  third  of 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1509 

Coloration  extremely  variogat«<l,  olivaci'<in«,  with  8tri|>eH  of 
ag«>  between  tbo  rows  of  scales j  ut>ocit  13  dusky  orange  crosH  bars, 
ogular  in  form;  eyes  roddiBh,  anrrounded  by  a  eky-bliio  liand;  ineni- 
Ikrancis  uf  operclea  cbietiy  oruui{e;  oporcle  bluish,  spotted  with  oraugo; 
tides  of  b^a<i  with  aky-blui;  flpots;  lowvrjuw  with  ornuge  and  blue  stripea; 
kreattt  and  belly  with  iouKitndiunI  stripes  of  bright  orange,  alternatiag 
rtth  »le«l  hinti;  abdominal  fnrrow  oranife,  (!dg04l  with  blue;  (leotoral  with 
orsnKi*  crescent  nt  buse  bordered  with  light  bine;  soft  dorsal  with  a 
lilack  blotch  near  thi>  front;  caudal  of  a  peculiar  rich  uran;;e  brown,  with 
Brosa  bars  formed  of  round  (grayish  spots;  anal  chiefly  orange  tipped  with 
blue,  und  with  a  largo  blackish  blotch;  other  tins  orange  brown,  mottled. 
>ogth  10  inches,  t'oa-st  of  Ciiliforniu ;  very  common  from  Cape  Mendocino 
San  Diego;  a  beautiful  fish,  largely  used  for  bait;  very  rare  south  of 
Point  ('i>ni-eption,  common  olT  Sun  KriuiciHco.  (Named  for  its  disoovcrer, 
Tlioniax  is.  Cary,  liiotlier  of  Mrs.  Agawii/..) 

tmhiol'oa  cnri/i,  AnAiai?.,  Anier.  Jiiiirn.  Sci.  Art*  1H!>3,  S8U,  anil  \KA,  3(H!,  San  Franciaco. 
laUiijioltu  ifMturuii  (GniniiNs  MS.,  I'roo.  CaL  Ac.  Sri.  IBSt),  UuiHuNb,  !*»»<.  Ao.  Nat.  Scl, 

VlilU  ISM,  I'J,  Sao  Franciaco. 
Inpturus  earyi,  ALBXA.'niKB  AuAS.si7,,  BcMLJonni.  Nat.  Ulst.,  vni,  IMl,  lUS:  Jubdah  <fc 

UnjicKi',  SyDO|ml!i,  im,  Kina.VMA.NN  &  I'LliBy,  I.e.,  'Mi. 
htrrmn «aryi.  UOktukk,  Cat.,  rr,  347,  1»(E!. 

6i3.  DAMALICHTHYS,  tilrard. 
*,  UntAAii,  Proc.  Ac-  Nat.  Sci.  Fhlla.  1895, 331  <vatca--~  arggrotomnt) . 

Ilo<ly  ovate,  compressed,  with  Jong  ciiudiil  j)edunclo;  head  rather  large; 
Donlh  moderate,  the  lower  jaw  includetl;   lips  full,  the  lower  with  a 
^euum;  toeth  very  few,  short,  conical,  bluntiKli,  in  1  serie-i;  gill  rakers 
hort  and  slender;  lower  pharyngeal  very  large,  convex  behind  in  out- 
line, with  the  lati.-ral  boms  very  short  and  thick;    anterior  tuoth-bear- 
sg  area  uu  the  plane  of  the  bone;  posterior  area  inclined  ba<'.kward, 
brmitig  a  steep  angle  with  the  anterior  ]>art;  teeth  on  anterior  part  low, 
rimcat*.',  hex:tgana],t'es»ellated;  on  posterior  part  ovate,  Hatt«.*Ded,  imbri- 
Bai<<d,  and  tiirne<l  forward  so  that  the  posterior  Bidi>  furnis  the  grinding 
i;  posterior  teeth  of  upper  |ihnryngoalM  applied  to  anterior  of  the 
'  pharyngcAl ;  the  ]>oNterior  teeth  above  sinrilar  t<»  the  anterior  below, 
ind   vice  verta;    scales   rather    small;    dorsal   spines   low,   much   shorter 
lian  the  »<>fl  rays;  anal  lin  long,  with  small  sidnes,     Vertebne  13 -j- 21. 
^i}pe<!i«s  uf  largo  size,  plainly  froloiml,  externally  reHeuibiiiig  iJilrmia  and 
t'itantrodom ,  but  singularly  distinguished  from  nil  the  other  nK'inbers  of 
[the  family  by  the  ])oculiur  pharyngeals.     (5d/iaAi{,  oklf;  i;fivi,&hh.\  in 
^uliusiou  to  its  viviparity.) 

IMUU.  D.VXALltllTllYX  AlUJlKUSOVimrGlranl). 

(Warm  I'mcii;  ruaaKk:.) 

n*!ftit34;  dei)th2i.  D.  X,23;  A.  Ill,  23;  scales  8-83-17.  Form  broadly 
IvDIptHMil,  the  dorsal  curve  regular,  similar  to  the  ventnU  curve;  caudal 
llMMlaucIv  rather  slender;  heiul  rather  large,  not  blnnt;  occipital  region 


1010         Bulletin  47,  United  States  Natiojial  Museum, 


little  deprensed;  premaxill.-iry  just  below  thf  IbvoI  of  the  pupil ;  the  max- 
illary scarcely  reaching  front  of  the  t'j'o,  lower  jiiw  included;  lips  thick- 
Isb,  even;  ey<^  lorg<^i  a  little  longer  than  snout;  cheekH  with  3  or  4  rows 
of  Bcalefl.  Gill  riikern  7  -f-  13,  not  \  so  lonj;  as  the  largo  eye.  which  is 
longer  than  snout.  Te«-th  vorj-  few,  short  rind  hliint.  Dorsal  spines 
Htontixli,  the  last  one  hijfhettt,  \  the  height  of  the  soft  rays.  Candal 
deeply  forked,  the  uppor  lobe  the  longer;  peetoral  long,  reaching  bejond 
front  of  anal;  veutnila  resichtng  nearly  to  aual;  origin  of  ventrnl  spine 
about  4  scales  bcbiud  the  vertical  from  posterior  pnrt  of  pectoral  Itatie; 
third  anal  spine  nearly  }  an  long  as  lirst  rays.  Color  soiled  white,  with 
Bilvury  liislor;  3  or  4  ol»NCiire  dutiky  bars,  most  distinct  in  the  yonng; 
finH  nearly  plain,  dnsky.  Length  15  inuh<«t.  Parilic  roast,  Vaucoiivor 
Islniul  to  San  iJiego;  everywhere  «-oinmoD,  especially  northward;  the  most 
itliiiudatit  Bjifcios  on  the  coast  of  British  Coliimbiii,  entering  the  inlets  in 
thoitHiiucIa;  the  desh  rather  poor  and  tASteless.  {a/jytipoi,,  silver;  goDia, 
body ;  bat  this  species  lackH  tbe  silvery  sheen  of  Jtyptrpro»opon.) 

JSmhiolnca  argyrotuma,  GiRAUU,  Proc  Ar.  N»t.  .ScL  I'liUa.  1*55.  tSfl,  San  Francisco  (yoiini; 

inilivtilukl  In  ImhI  r  ouililiou) ;  and  iu  I'.  S.  I'ac.  K.  R.  .Surv.,  i,  KUlim,  180,  liUS. 
Dtmalichlhy  tacea,  liiaAlu>.  I*toc.  Ao.  Nat  ScL  PlilU.  18&&,  331.  Puset  Souad ;  «nd  in  V.  S. 

Pm.  K.  R.  Surv.,  X,  Fiahea.  1»2,  IKW. 
Ditrrma  mtta,  GOimiER,  Cut.  Fijthra,  iv,  SM,  1862. 
DamaHehlh}/!  aryi/Totoma,  Jordan  &  Gn.BKST,  Syaopaiii,  SV7 ;  EloKKMAifN  A.  TuuiT,  Le., 

88S. 

NoTK. — For  the  .take  of  compli-tenetw,  we  iidd  the  two  remaining  known 
species  and  genera  of  Lmbhlocida,  from  Japan. 

DlTREMA,  Teuiininrk  &  Schlogol. 

Vitrrma,  TsxlnxcK  &  Scblsobi,  Fiiiuih  Japaniv*.  PoIm.,  Tl,  pL  40,  flg.  2,  U47  (tnit- 
mintkit) . 

This  genus  is  very  close  to  Ei^biotoca,  differing  in  its  smaller  scales  and 
in  its  pharj'ngenl  toeth,  which  ar<B  all  conio  and  sleudi-r,  the  bonee  i|ait« 
■mall.  Coloration  oi  t'kunerodon.  (j/;,  two;  rp/)/((r,  aperture,  the  gen- 
erative organs  having  a  distinct  opening  from  the  iutestines.) 

DiTKEMA  TKMMtNcxii,  Illeeker. 

Head  ^ ;  depth  2\.  1).  X,  21 ;  A.  Ill,  23;  scales  K~Ti)-14 ;  «yo  3i  in  head; 
pectoral  \^r,\  veuti-al2;  lost  dorsal  Hpine  3^ ;  second  dorsal  ray  2^;  longest 
anal  ray  3^;  candal  1*.  Body  ovate  compressed,  the  nape  Mimewhat  pro- 
duced, up|)er  protiie  of  head  about  straight;  ventral  outline  more  strongly 
cnrved  than  dorsal;  month  small,  tbe  maxillary  reaching  to  nostrils; 
lower  jaw  sliglitlv  included;  teeth  conical,  blunt,  in  a  single  Beriea,  on 
the  tYont  of  lower  Jaw  only;  h'ngth  of  nnout  equals  diameter  of  eye;  nos- 
trils small,  clukSe  together;  gill  rukcrH  short  and  slender;  about  4  rows 
of  acales  on  cheek  ;  top  of  head  from  posterior  margin  of  eye,  anont,  ven- 
trals,  mandibles,  and  edge  of  preopenle  nakeil;  scales  below  lateral  line 
on  middle  of  body  the  largest,  tbiir  depth  greiiter  than  their  length;  fins 
naked;  dorsal  with  a  sc.ily  .^heatb.  Pectorals  n^aching  about  to  vent,  fin 
point4d  behind,  the  upper  rays  the  Kmgeet;  ventrals  nearly  their  length 


bt<liini1  b(Mi«  of  pentoralH,  their  etiilB  not  reaching  to  tip  of  pectorals;  dor- 
•al  spinen  much  cthortor  than  th«  noftrays,  the  livAt  the  longest;  aoftdorBal 
higheet  in  frout;  anal  spiucx  very  Hiuall,  tho  third  thu  loiigf-ot,  much 
shorter  thau  the  Bol't  rays;  caudal  widely  tork(>d.  Color  silvery,  steel 
bine  on  biK'k;  angle  of  preop«re1e  with  a  durk  Kput;  n  d;irk  blott'h  on 
upper  end  of  operole:  dorsals  dunlty,  darker  al  ends  nf  rays;  anul  dusky; 
lips  of  veutrals  bluck  ;  axil  of  pertoral  dusky,  the  (in  white;  oundiil  bluok- 
eh  at  b:isi>,  tips  black.  Described  from  a  Hpi'ciuieii  8  inches  in  length, 
Dllccted  in  Japan  by  Mr.  Keiiiosukn  Otaki.  (Numud  for  C. .1. Toniniinnk, 
I  of  tho  authors  uf  the  splemlitl  Knnnn  Japnnirn.) 

Hirrtnn  tfmminfkii,  ItLREKKB,  Verli.  Hnl..  CcucmlJtrh.,  xxv,  Japuu,  3:1,  GOirrilKa,  Cat., 

tr,  24«.  IM-J. 
Kdwmo  iinv,  GDnnCtt,  Csl.,  II,  3ns,  18AU.  Jmpan. 

Nkoditrkma,  Ktuindiiohuer. 

,  KrimnAi'lINKR.  B«<itr.  Kctintn.  Kiailm  .ltt|>Hii8,  il. 3Z  18h:I  trnntnnnHiH. 

This  ^0nuB  is  allieil  to  fJilrema,  but  lacks  tt-eth  in  the  jaws,  and  the  lower 
ip  is  withont  freniim.     8>'alc8  very  small,  deciduous.  70  in  latcritl  line. 
'Japan,     (rt lii,  now;  Ditrema.) 

Nkoditrkha  KAN80NNKTI1,  Steiiidiichuor. 

rMe»d  H  to  XJ ;  depth  3^.     H.  VI  to  7111-21  or  22;  A.  III.  26  or  27:  eye 
lu  heiMl;  interobital  i;  snout  4.     Body  Htrongly  coinpressed,  espei'ially 
<ibe  belly  under  the  jiertorals;  anterior  profile  more  ur  Icsaconr'ave;  under 
)i))  projecting,  thin,  not  interrupted  in  the  middle;  maxillary  reiicliiD);  to 
l^belnw  anterior  edge  of  orbit.     Anal  spines  short;  cand.il  forked,  as  long 
bead;  v«ntrnlB  njanl  bead  without  snout.     Scales  cycloid,  3  or  4  rows 
cheek;  top  of  head,  maxillary,  lips,  and  orbitals  naked;  a  few  scales 
I  »ofl  dorsal  and  .'tiial;  pharyngeals  as  in  Diirnna.     Back  to  lateral  line 
Ark  golden  brown,  under  pnrts  golden  yellow;  tho  niidille  of  caudal  tin 
light  yellow,  at  its  base  and  end  of  fin  dark  brownish  vlolot.     Two 
]it'ciuieu!)  iu  the  inusuiini  at  Vienna,  from  Vokobaiua ;  a  larger  spociuieu 
uIIvcIm]  by  Dr.  Di"idcTlcin,  170  nmi.  lonj^.     (Sieindncliuur.) 

\lrtttut  ramonnrtii,  StkimI'MIPTek,  Bfiitnlp]  zur  Kanntnua  >l<<r  FiRcbc  JspMi*.  tl,  32. 
Yokohuns.    (Coll.  Baruu  I<itiiM>iiiiKt  aoii  t>r.  t>iHliirlein.) 


Suborder  CHROMIDES. 

Low»r  iiharync^'als  fully  united;  nostril  sinjiite  ou  each  side;  in  other 

p»p«M't«  similar  to  the  I'ercoidni  on  the  one  hand,  and  to  the  I'h<t)-yn(joi/nalhi 

tn  the  other,  showing  cliarHcters  of  both,  with  the  iinii|ue  feature  of  the 

•imple  nostrils.     8]iecics  vary  nmuerons,  referable  to  2  largo  fainilics — the 

I  marine,  living  about  cornl  reeft,  the  other  duviatile,  swarming  in  the 

iTer*  of  the  tropics,  especially  in  those  of  South  America. 

d.  Anal  •fiiiiM  II  t«  ]u,  giUm  4,  n  alii  Iwhiuil  the  futirtb',  p*<<nilobniDOliln.-  obsolete;  v«rt«- 

l>ra' In  ■■ir.rr«««<l  uuinbcr :  fn'<li  wator  kihhMim.  Oicuijd*,  CLVIII. 

aa.  Au»l  «|>lBe*  3  only:  {[illn  ll).  nUl  Ix'liltiil  fourth  amalt  ur  uoav :  iHHniilnt>rBnL'lila< 

1>«U  ilTTelopcd  i  rertcbnc '^  ui  2i ,  mariui' aim^kM.  roUAL'SMTBlbJB,  CUX. 


1513         Bulletin  ^7,  Ujiitcd  Slates  National  Museum. 


Family  CLVm.  OICHLID^. 
(Thk  C'ichlids.) 


liody  «>leviit«fl,  oblong  or  I'longate,  I'ovi^recl  with  moderate-si/.ed  sc&lea, 
vrhi<'li  lire  iii>ual],v  cti-noid ;  laterikl  line  iiitorniptett,  usually  ceasing  oppo- 
site the  posterior  part  of  tlio  dorsul,  and  tbcu  leconimeDciii);  lower  ilnwii 
KM  the  cskiidal  ]M'(liincle;  tnoiith  vftryiug  iu  size,  t«-rmiti:d,  the  jaws  with 
ratber  small  teetb,  wbich  are  usually  conical,  txit  xocuctiuieH  lobate  or 
iiictsnr-like ;  no  t^eeth  nii  vomer  or  paliitinoH;  ucmtril  eiugle  oo  oaob  mile; 
proiuiixillnric8  fretsly  pnitrnetile;  niaxillary  sljiipiug  nnilcr  the  broad  [»re- 
orbitid;  gill  rakors  varimis;  gill  luembraues  often  I'ounectcil;  dontal  (in 
(iin(;k>,  with  thf  N]»intmB  portion  well  devi-loped,  usually  but  not  always 
longer  thnn  tliiv  Hoft  portion;  uuul  tin  with  W  or  more  spiiU'R,  the  soft  part 
(tluiilar  to  the  mift  dorsal;  veiitnil  lin»  thoracic,  1,5;  lower  ]iharyn;;eal 
buiuis  iiuitud  into  u.  triaii^^iuliir  pittci',  witli  u  median  suture ;  branchioste- 
);:tlH  5  iir  l>;  mi  piiiendubrauciii;<*;  ;:I1|8 -1,  ii  itlit  bi-liind  the  fourtli ;  verte- 
bra' in  more  nr  less  incrcascil  uumlier,  uboiit  1/8  to  ■111;  air  bladder  ]ireaeut. 
A  Iarg«?  family  uf  frehh-AvaU'r  litdieg  of  tuoderato  or  Hmnll  miie,  repre«eutlng, 
aa  to  fiii-m.  ni/n,  a])puaruuve,  and  babitM.  and  eri-n  an  lo  many  details  »i 
Btrnoture,  in  the  water!*  of  Sotitb  Aim-rica,  the  CenirarrVidn-  of  the  Uniti-d 
StateH.  Gone>ra about  40;  Hpccies  about  tiVO,  InbabitiDg  the  rivers  of  Africa 
and  tropical  America,  the  }(enuH  Ihron  extrnding  into  tlic  lintits  of  tbu 
United  Slates.  Tlioaii  with  lobat-e  teeth  are  herbivorous,  tho  rest  oarniv- 
orouH.  The  Bpecies  here  euuiui-ratttd  aru  bill  l.hu  nverllow  of  the  vast  river 
fauna  of  South  America.     (Chriimitlfg,  (Jiititlicr,  Cut.,  iv,  2(54-316,) 

a.  winter  k'H  ardi  noniml,  witlmnt  iiddttioTinl  l(llx^  Hlinvc;  Kpinoiia  iK>rtion  of  dursftl  fin 
liol  dtiurU'r  tliaii  »vft  purtimi ;  ^jil]  rakern  nhurl  ui<l  IVw;  vorticsl  limb  uf  pro- 
■ip«r4'lo  oiillri'f  scalw  uf  laUTul  liun  not  uuliirj^ixl. 
b.  Tectlj  all  cuuii'. 

f.  Preiuaxillary  very  ercatly  irrotmcUle :  niiiil spbiM  0 :  nnout  not  hmgerlluin 
poBtorbitjil  i>urt  oriii-jicl;  [iri'UTliilnl  narrow.  PrrKRlA,  B13. 

M.  Premaxilliirv  niuilcrutelv  ]>nilrttOlili>.  veutrals  iuaertod  behbul  origin  of 
ilnrniil. 
<I,  Jiivrn  Hnlieqiial. 
<.  Aant  i<|ilua!i  3. 

/.  Soft  piirttiiii  iif  dontal  iiml  iiiinl  iiukotl  ur  ooilnl  ut  luigo  onlj-; 

lutuiltd  m'akil  oil  liaiuil  linll':  tiiWi'T  Jitw  wilhuiit  dinUutt 

ciiiiliicsi  luwiT  lip  witln  a  freuuiii.  ,Svi'iiiE!«8, 614. 

ft.  AnKl  Hjjiui'H   uHirt-  tliaii  'X  (4  hi  11),  itoiiii<  iif  the  tiwlli  u»iially 

HUlargcd,  oncn  raninu-llke. 

I/.  Lower  lip  witli  a  frmiiim,  iti*  fultl  inli'miiitwi  rarsiall)'. 

('K'ln.ASOMA.fll.'l. 

ffff.  Lower  li]i  without  f'n*uiiiii,  fftrtniu^  ii  frer  fold  fur  it«  wliolf 

Bxlent  IIRUOS.OIO. 

dtl.  Jnwai  unequaX  tlio  lower  .jaw  itiohid(<il  -,  uiml  ipiuva  4  or  i;  cli>(l  of 

muutli  sliurt;  scaU's  ou  clieoliK  niimll.  Tuekai's,  H17. 

ft6.  Teeth  nut  all  i<iiii<!,  a.  scrioe  uf  Inoiaom  in  front,  with  a  buid  of  villiforiii  tot-th 

bolilod  tliinii ;  aiiul  ii[>iDen  S.  KBETKOI-Lra.  61B. 

oa.  Onter  gill  iircli  witli  a  coiupreiimMl  tatnelb fonii  lol)e  aliovo. 

A.  Bye  lieliind  iiiiildle  of  lieul;  aoft  dnnal  entirely  mnleleen;  fold  of  lower  Up 
inlerniptwl  Iu  front;  dorKal  apinea  13  tu  15;  aualaplneaS:  acalea  on  rhcrka 
amoU.  SATA.NorKBCX,  fil8. 


6i3.  PETENIA,  Gilntbor. 
Ptienia,  GOnthih,  Cat.  FUhes,  iv,  301,  UG2  (tplmdUUt). 

rrcmaxillurv  cxtrt-moly  prutriictile:  xnont  lung,  but  not  longiir  tliau 
poatortjititl  part  of  licuil;  prvorbitnl  iwirrow  ;  luoutli  obliijiio,  the  pri-iu:ixil- 
lary  on  tlie  level  of  lower  third  of  eve;  iiiaxillury  roachiug  fruutuijirgiu  of 
eye;  teet.h  ull  conical;  ^ill  rukorsBbortaiul  few;  pri'opKrclo  entire:  hc:i1c-b 
lorgi*,  thi»se  of  tile  lateral  line  not  enlargeil.  X'cntral  inserted  Iwloiv  front 
of  cUirHal.  Anal  Hpiuus  d.  <Spo<;ie.i  3,  nf  Coutnkl  Aiiiericu,  t'olombiii,  and 
uortliern  Brui^il.  (Name  fruni  Lako  I'eteu,  Oiialuiiiiilii,  the origiuul locality 
of  I'etenia  sjitendida.  > 

1887.  FKTEMA  M>LOI>l»A.  Giintlicr. 

Hi^ad2j;  de|itliH.  13.5;  I).  XV,  12;  A.  V,  10;  BCttli-8f}-41-I7.  Ili'iid  IttUgiT 
than  liigh;  Huoiitcouipressed,  triangultir;  lower  jaw  very  i)rrjiiiiui'nt;  jawM 
c'ltrciucl.v  protractile,  so  that  the  snout  in  not  uiiich  uliorter  tlian  head 
vrheu  jaws  iiro  [irotructwl;  proceHBiJB  of  iiitenuaxilliirios  oxteudhij*  hai-k- 
ward  to  nope  of  noi^k  ;  len};th  of  niaiulibleH  }  that  of  linad.  The  gri-ater 
portion  of  inaxilhiry  not  ci)vered  by  preorbital,  and  extending  lioynnd  ver- 
tical from  center  of  orbit;  encli  jaw  iiriued  witli  a  band  of  villi  form  teeth, 
the  ontorHerieacoiitjuutnjjrather  larjjer  conical  twth  ;  pioorldtal  ntirrowor 
than  orbit,  tbe  diauiett^r  of  whit'h  i»  f-,  or  \  lonjjth  of  head;  iiiterorbitiil 
space  very  conviix,  as  wide  an,  or  widi*r  thiiu,  orbit.  fJill  nicnibrani-s 
luiitod  below  throiit,  and  uol  attucliud  to  istbiiiim;  lirHt  branchial  arch  with 
13  anterior  proniinenci'H.  liornal  liii  romnictifing  at  verticjil  froui  root  of 
pectoral,  its  sjtincri  of  uioilcrutu  length  and  Htreiigtli,  iucro;<siDj.r  i|]  longth 
to  tbe  seventh  which  is  ii  that  of  bead ;  po.>itorior  spineit  a  little  longer  than 
middle  ones;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  rather  clevuted,  ext«ndinf;  to,  or  nearly 
to,  root  of  caudal;  auul  MpineH  Htronj^,  ^  length  of  head;  Lauilal  rounded, 
itH  length  rather  niori'  tbau  j-,  of  total ;  free  portion  of  tail  longer  than  high ; 
pectoral  extending  to  tirat  anal  spine,  tbe  ventral  to  vent;  distance  of 
vent  from  ventral  nearly  i  lenf^th  of  bead.  Kcales  nii  cheek  in  nbout  7 
seriea.  Greenish,  ithining  golden  ;  head,  liudy,  and  vertical  fins  with  black 
dots;  a  scrioH  of  6  or  7  hirsie  round  black  sjiots  along  luiddlo  of  sido,  the 
laat  spot  t'dgod  with  white  ivud  Hittialed  an  nppcr  half  of  root  of  caudal. 
Length  Id  incheH.  Lake  Peteu,  (iuatcmala.  (Oiinther.)  (,»plenttidm, 
shining.) 

I'etmia  iplrHdiila,  OOnthkr,  Cat.  Fiiilieii,  IV,  301,  11^62,  Lake  Peten,  Ouatemala  (Cnll. 
SalviD) :  GCimiSH,  FUli.  Contr.  Am.,  109,  pi.  79.  Ug.  3. 1)169. 


614.  .£QUIDENS,  EigeuinaDu  &.  13ray. 

MtfuidEn;  'KxaKnUXH  iL  UbaV,  Aun.  Ac. Soi.  N.  Y.  IBM.  616  [Utramtrum). 

This  genus  incluihv*  tboHe  Hpecioa  allied  to  .istronolHn,  which  have  3  anki 
spines,  the  uoft  dorsal  and  anal  nakt'd  or  scaled  at  liuae  only,  ito  canine 
teeth,  and  the  lower  lip  witliout  frennm.     Rivers  of  South  America;  the 
speciea rather  uiimerouB.    (u'yNui,  equal;  drn«,  tooth). 
3030 18 


intm.  J{({IIIUK!fH  C(KKM>:uri:>CTATi;8  (Kner  &.  SteiofUchner). 

Head  rather  niorw  than  3:  ilepthSi.  D.XV,10;  A.III,«;  spales  2^-27-9. 
Oreiit«Ht  bri.4jiiltli  iif  lieiid  g  its  length.  Nape  oiirveil,  protile  of  Nnoiit 
Htriiight.  WJiUh  of  iiiU<rurbilal  apartt  I  length  of  hciiil,  and  ui<>n>  tbiiii 
that  of  wiout.  Snout  hroml,  iiioileriituly  <s]«vute(l;  width  of  prcM>rbitii] 
Hciircel.v  wore  than  (liiiniuter  uf  oyc.  Cleft  uf  iitotitli  Hlightly  ubliqne,  not 
reaching  verticiil  from  nrliit.  Kohl  of  lower  Jij)  intwriipte*!  in  luiddlo. 
Ixiwur  limb  uf  preiiporinluni  iiiuro  thuii  )  Itngth  o(  posterior  limb.  Only 
H  Buries  uf  ACuIea  beln-oi^u  throat  and  ruol  of  veutral.  IJun^at  ^pinea  of 
niodi*nite  Btretigth,  gnidiialty  iiicreasing  in  length  posteriorly,  length  of 
ninth  more  tlinii  i  th^it  (^^  head;  middle  of  Mui't  doranl  and  anal  jirodnced 
iiud  exteuding  beyond  middle  of  citndal,  which  is  ronuded;  pectoral  as 
long  ii«  liead,  reat-hiug  only  to  origin  of  until;  vontnil  fllanient  rather  long. 
TJiruu  serir's  uf  ^cules  on  cheek.  Hody  wilh  -I  or  5  indi.stiucJ>  cross  bands; 
a  large  hluck  blotch  on  niiibllo  of  aidett,  and  tnices  nf  a  gecond  on  root  of 
caudal;  oai;h  si-alo  on  riido  of  head  unil  chfst  with  a  bluish  spot.  Length 
0  inchen,  ICio  ClingreH,  Atlantic  Miope  »f  tlit^  l^thniuti  uf  Panama.  (Knex 
&  Steindachner.)     {iirntleaa,  blue;  piinclatuii,  dcitte*).) 

Aeara  emruUopunctala,  KSKR  .t  3TEI.NIjaCBNIvM.  Sitz.  buyer.  Akad.,  222.  IKICI,  Rio  Chagru, 
Itthmua  of  Panama  (CoILKaIvIu);  Kneu  &  STKtNDAiJiHKn.  .Mihanill.  ba}'er.  Akail. 
Wi88.,x.Ul).2,flg.8,  ISM;  OOmtkkb,  Flah.Cenlr.  Ajn. ,441).  1889. 


615.  CICHLASOMA,  Swaiuaou. 

(XaMMoma,  Swainhon,  Nat.  HiaU  CInm  n  Fifgii»rt,<u<-.,  11, 230,  I83B (j>HH«(a(iM=MiM«<i<tetiM). 
Arehoetntrut,  Gjix,  J'roc.  Ac.  Nut.  Sici.  Thilii.  ] i<77,  IHfl  {cenlnrelntt) . 

This  genua  contains  thoac  apeciea  allied  to  Atlronohit,  'vrbirb  have  4  to 
11  apinea  iu  the  anal  tin.  the  dorsal  and  anal  not  flosely  scaled  and  the 
lower  lip  iuterrni>ted  nieslally  to  form  a  freuuui.  Speoi«>H  very  niinierouB, 
chiotly  South  .\ujerk'un.  {Chhln,  a  relati'd  genua;  etotta,  body;  xix^t/,  a 
tbrimh  ;  the  name  Cuhla  and  it*  aynonyni.H,  Tnrtlut  and  Mcrula,  tranaferred 
by  o.'irly  authoru  W  Labroid  Itches.)  The  folhjwrng  aualyaJB  of  apecieri  has 
little  value.  A  natural  arrangement  virill  be  possible  ouly  alter  a  detailed 
comparison  of  tho  varioub  fonns: 

CiCaLAHIlMA: 

a.  Anal  Qii  inoderalo,  its  aptnen  4  10  u  in  nnmbflr. 

b.   Anal  spiiii-n  4 ;  b<Mly  ratbcr  xleuiliT ;  *iiifB  Willi  a  broail,  dark  lateral  band.    Dor- 
mi  ray »  XVI,   13.  K»CTA.VUtrLAB«,  IMS. 
bb.  Aoal  HpinrA  .'•.  uii'it-tiunull.v  il. 

0.  Duraal  niyn  uinstly  XVI  or  XVII,  11  i>r  12. 
il.  I>o[iLli  li-sa  llian  |  loDgth  uT  body. 

IIAKTOXI:     DOOMAXiri;      BIIUOLDI ;      IK 
TBUMBDlim;  AK(ia.nrCBVIt,  lHOO-IBtM. 
dd.  Depth  about  (  len^b  uf  liraly. 

nWMTUATl-M :  MOIiTEKtntA,  100$;   XStOH. 

ee.  Dor«al  ray*  XTVor  XV,  12  or  13;  deplb  of  body  1|  in  its  loiigtb. 

MACKACAHTlim,  |MT. 
bib.  Aoal  stiliiHii  6  lu  8.  ran^ly  5  nr  9. 

*,  IX'ptb  of  body  about  ^  lt4  leDjsth. 

PAHMA:   MAKOAMTtnUUM  ^   Cl'ILlBtni ;   LONOt- 
MA,vr8i      UirABtlATDM:      ll»-.Ll,BHI,     lOUS'ltflX 


N.  Depth  of  body  leM  than  i  iU  length,  31  to  3  in  length. 

BALTEATUM;    BCHtTJtA'nTM ',    1I1U.AII0P000.N  ;   MKLXfOTBUM ; 
NKIIl'LirVBCM:         UDrTtUIMOSDM;  DBPITI,       1914-llKO. 

AaTBOOBNTRDa  (apyoc,  oniU:  <«rrpar.  Npine)  : 
am.  Anal  Hn  very  lonii,  i(jt  iipiuea  10  or  U  lu  niimlirr,  rl(>ptli  about  )  length, 

/.  Auul  Gn  witli  7  Aoft.  raya.  MluKorAMUTtU:  Mt'LTItil-tNOMlTM.  1921:  1B23. 

/^.  Anal  On  wilU  B  Jtult  raya.  lKSTBABCUDS,  UHB. 

SubEcnuR  CICHlvASOMA. 

ISOB.  ('K'HI.4S(mA  UKrTA>'(itl..lKl':  (Su-iniliuilinnr). 

Ueud  Si\  depth  2-.  D.  XVI,  13:  A.  IV.  U;  a.-ales  3:^21;  oyc  4>  iu  hoa.l, 
SiaKUoiit;  7  eterieti  of  Hrales  on  iheek.  Lower  li|i  ititurnipteil ;  oiiterteeth 
lar^o,  Buniewliiit  fitinnc-likti,  tlusir  tips  tirown;  maxillurir  ri?iickiiig  trout 
of  eye;  premaxillary  moderately  protiactile;  ]>rotilotJi'iiro8Sfd  liefuro  eye, 
whirb  is  m  the  luiHilIe  uf  lougtli  of  lie.id;  buck  ronsidwiibly  iirrhad;  sub- 
orbital deep,  Ijr  tiiuea  eye.  Dorxiil  Hpiues  rsitlier  low  and  atruni;;  ovft 
doranl  mid  aiiiil  moderately  liiitrli  mid  [minti'd;  vi^ntntls  loiig»T  tliiin  p«f- 
tortil,  3ij  ill  lioiid;  uiiiil  Bpiiies  gi-udnuled;  ^oft  dornal  and  auul  witb  Mitiiill 
»i-iilcB  lit  base;  cuudal  rounded.  L'nlur  dark  brown  ;  a  uiirrovv  browti  ver- 
tical Htrciik  on  each  sciile  juratoriorly ;  a  broad  bjacki.sli  liainl  Uejriiinin^ 
behind  tlm  eye,  niiiuiiii;  liiickward  jtliiiix  Itn^  body  to  opposite  lir^lHoft  ray 
of  aual,  then  tunriuf;  aliriiptly  iijiwaril  to  bu,su  of  dorsal,  foniiiii;;  a  ri^ht 
aiigle;  a  larv;e  blai-k  bloti  h  at  base  of  raudal;  soft  dor-nal,  anal,  aixl  cau- 
dal with  niteruutf  rowaol' yellow  and  dirty  blue  Hjiotu  on  the  iiieuibranes. 
Fins  luotitly  Idnitib,  dotted  with  black.  I.oiigtb '^  imUes.  Mexieo.  (Steiu- 
dachner.)  Not  80cn  by  us.  (rcvtnut/itlarin,  ri{rbt-aiig]ed.) 
<loara  rteUmguUtTU,  StkiMdai  iineii.  (.'liramiili^u  Mqjiran,  1, 18M,  Mexico. 

lauO.  4  inil.A.SI>]|A  B.lHT4IMt  iK<!iitil. 

Head  21;  depth  2 J.  D.  XIV,  11;  A.  IV,  SI;  eye  ii,  l.i  5i  in  head,  or  2  in 
Buout;  interorhital  width  li  iu  Huout;  8cale«  (>-;+l-ll.  Lurj^er  exauiples 
with  uape  HtnitiKly  art'ln-d.  Mouth  very  oblique;  lowor  Jaw  pri>jectiny, 
maxilla  not  roacliiiijr  vertiral  from  fmut  of  eye.  Leujjth  of  upiierjiiw 
ii  that  of  head.  Teeth  in  jawn;  freiiinii  of  lower  Jaw  diatiiiet  (in  type 
speciineus)  in  bundtt,  outer  )»ericM  Eiiuch  eiilarKed  and  brown  at  tips;  lieiul 
of  votucr  tuucli  eQlar^od,  but  tootiileaH;  palate  without  teeth.  Scales 
on  cheek  iu  about  'i  Heries.  T1ji>  ilnrsnl  beginniuij;  over  j{ill  opening,  lirst 
spine  very  short,  sernud  Boini^whnt  longer,  loD;;th  of  spiue.s  KradiinJIy 
iticreaaing  liack  ward,  biHt  and  luugeiit  oue  nearly  i  leu;;th  t:(  head  ;  loUf^eHt 
Hoft  rays  (third  iiml  fourth)  nearly  i  hh  luu^  nn  head;  N[iiiiea  of  dorsal 
rather  slender;  anal  ori^Jin  nearly  iiuiler  liOffiuiiiUf;  of  Hoft  dorsal;  fuiutli 
anal  spine  nearly  {  iih  long  hh  head;  luugeiit  anal  ray  (fourth)  more  than 
i  aa  long  as  head;  least  depth  of  tjiil  eijiialH  leDK'h  of  snout;  middle  raudal 
rays  slightly  louder  than  longest  atial  ray;  pectoral  nearly  reacliiug  to 
above  origin  of  aual,  and  ventral  rciicluiig  to  vent;  lateral  line  inter- 
rupted under  fourth  noft  ray  of  domil  and  heginti  on  median  line  of  tail 
at  a  distance  bcl(:vv  up|n>r  line  a  little  greater  than  diameter  of  eye.  Color 
pui'Xilish  brown;  from  bead  to  tail  a  broad  dark  baud, mure  or  lese  broken 
up  into  separate  blutcbea,  the  biRt  of  which  in  very  distiuct  at  base  of  tail; 


fiua  ilimky.  In  h  spi-cinieu  about  5  iiichoa  lonfr  the  cheeks  aDd  anoot  pto- 
fuBoly  covered  with  iiiiuiito  roiiiidi.ih  bruwu  iIoU.  Fuor  gpevimenH,  3|  to 
7  iuchea  long,  culleutud  in  llau/itucii  I'otosina,  a  region  situuted  north  of 
(tuani^tiato,  iu  Su.u  Luis  I'otusi,  Mexico.  (Ui<uD.)  (Niiuied  for  Barton  A. 
Kouii,  nssistaut  curator  of  ioUtJiyoIogy  in  the  United  States  Natiouat 
Museum,  a  conttcientious  Uiitiiralisl. ) 

Aeara  txtrConi,  T.  JI.  Usan.  I*roa.  [J.S.  Nnt.  Must.  IdU'J,  286,  Hautteca  Potosina,  San  Luis 
Potoii,  Mexico.    (Tyiio.  N'n.  IJTKi.    CoU.  Allnslu  IhifitB.) 

tVOI.  ('11'III.ASOIIA  (J0I>9IA?IM  (CuutherV. 

Head  3  to  3*;  depth  2J.     IJ.  XVI  or  XVII,  13  or  12;  A.V,  9;  Bcaloa 

5-.'?It-I3.  Head  ftS  lii^clr  lis  long;  siiotit  ratliiT  elovaled;  proorliitul  widrr 
than  nr1n( ;  jirolih' of  uapc  much  curved;  clcfl  of  mouth  rather  narrow, 
horizon  till;  javv8  t'ljual  anteriorly;  inaxill.'iry  imt  oxteuding  hackward 
to  vertical  froui  front  iiiurgiii  of  eye;  thit  (I  front  teeth  of  outer  scries 
the  loiigoHt.  dei'])  Itrown ;  tiapo  elevated:  orbit  ronaiderulily  below  upper 
proftlnuf  lieivd;  opercle«  Nciily.  Dorsal  ond  an!<l  tins  very  slightly  scaly 
at  hnse;  ^ipiuoua  dorsal  low,  Icu^rth  of  twvH'tli  spine  i  that  of  head;  84>ft 
donviil  «nd  ;iDal  somewhat  produced,  extending  beyond  root  of  caudal; 
free  port  ion  of  tail  Kouiuvvbat  higher  than  long;  candul  siibtrnnc.-ited,  { 
total  length;  itectonil  shorter  thun  heail,  but  mther  longer  than  vcntTuI, 
which  doen  not  extend  to  vi-nt.  Mead  grayinh  olive;  cheeks  and  body 
reddish  olive;  an  irregular  Idackiiih  band  proceeding  from  al>ovo  pec- 
toral to  a  black  ajvot  in  uiiddto  of  root  of  caudal;  a  black  spot  above 
origin  of  lateral  band;  operclea,  back,  and  vertical  tins  with  black  dnt«. 
Length  7  iiicbeH.  (iuatemala.  (Uiiuther.)  (Named  for  its  discoverer, 
Mr.  (loiliuau.) 

2f<nw0odfMNMs  GOktbeb,  Cat.  FUhoa,  iv,  'iK.  1862,  Rio  de  Cahaboo,  Quatemala  (OoU. 
Goduiiui  ill  Salvin) .  OCiiTUKa,  Kiabua  Ceatr.  Am..  4M,  jtl.  71.  Sg.  5.  IMO. 

IM3,  <'l(-BLASniA  SIEBOLltll  (Kaor  ic  Steindachiier). 

Hea«l  3;  depth  2t ;  eye  4  too  in  head.  D.  XVII.  11;  A.V,  8;  scales  33. 
Iknly  obloDg.  the  back  not  much  elevated;  the  bead  bluntly  and  evenly 
convex;  cleft  of  mouth  terminal,  not  very  low,  as  long  aa  eye;  lip 
rntlior  vagne,  itM  fulda  interrn|)ted:  10  or  12  teeth  in  outar  row  in  each 
jaw,  theac  larger  than  iu  most  related  «p«ciee,  somewhat  cnmpreaasd, 
anil  with  deep  brown  tipn;  5  rows  of  scaletii  on  cheek:  pri'urbital  «a 
broail  as  eye.  Dor»al  spines  rather  low.  the  soft  rays  somewhat  pointed; 
caudal  rounded;  |>eot«iral  short,  U  in  huid;  ventral  alMHit  thesawe.  Clear 
brown,  somewhat  darker  above;  mi<ldlo  of  eaeh  toale  with  a  tuiall  black- 
ish !>pot,  those  fonning  a  dusky  line  :doug  each  row  of  scalett;  about  K 
dusky  croasbaxm  formed  of  3  or  3  vagne,  partially  contluent  dusky 
shadra.  the  lowest  of  theae  shades  above  level  of  pectoral,  forming  an 
obecnre  row  of  blotrhes  from  gill  opening  to  baae  nf  raadal:  dorsal,  anal, 
and  caudal  with  distinct  dusky  sputa  arrangrd  in  «-ross  rows;  paired  fins 
with  liLick  »pcck»  but  not  spotted;  Bom«'  blaek  Spots  on  sidea  of  bead. 
Lcogtli  .'i  to?*  inches.  Known  from  11  specimens  tt^tm  New  (Srenada  and 
the  wt<et  *lopc  of  the  peuiusula  of  Panama     vKuer  •!-   SteiBdach- 


ner.)  This  fish  is  probably  not  atiflh'imitly  distinct  fyom  C.  gotlmayiHi. 
(Giinllicr.)  (Naiiuirl  for  I'rofeHsor  von  Sjpbold,  of  VioDna,  author  of  a 
work  on  the  Fishes  of  Austria.) 

BfrottMoldii.  Knkb  &  STEUVDAr'HKBB,  Abhamll.  bnyer.  Akail.  Wjitii.,  x,  13,  IBM,  pi- 3,  lig-i. 
New  GrcDada;  CUirrnBR.  Flub.  Crutr.  Am.,  Iiw.  l«fi». 

100S.  (MiirASOHA  INTKRMKDtrW  (Kiintlie-r). 

H«m1  3i;  depth  23.  I>.  XVII  or  XVIII,  11;  A.  V  oi  VI,  If)  or  S;  scales 
B-32-13.  Ilvad  iin  hif;h  ji»  Iwiij;:  |ire(irbit:il  r;ithiT  wider  tlisiii  orliit;  eye 
not  very  r<"int»tp  ficnn  prolili*  of  iinpo,  whicli  \h  curvL'd ;  i-ltift  of  month 
r.itlier  iiiirrnw,  liorixoritul ;  jiiwHeijiml  tintrriorly.  Base  of  softiliirsal  mid 
Biiiil  with  scnrcply  any  «c:ilna;  dort*ftl  spiiiea  of  iiiodcrnte  length  iind 
■trenjjth,  length  of  twolftb  jt  or  nnarly  i  that  of  head;  soft  duraal  and 
anal  exteiidnig  ulightly  beyond  niot  of  ciiiidsil;  free  portiini  of  tail  not 
quito  HO  lotiK  :i.s  tiigh;  oundal  siilitmncjiteil,  its  Ipn^'lh  [  of  total;  pei'lornl 
Bhorter  tlum  hi'.T.d,  but  r;ithor  huigtir  tlnin  ventral,  wliifh  extends  uefirly 
to  vent  Fold  of  lower  lij)  intorinjitrd  in  iiiiddiu;  .">  or  (1  nerit^s  of  Hralea 
on  rhopJc.  Browtiish,  lower  parts  ri'il  in  Miliilts;  abroad  aiignlar  liroW'U 
band  on  trunk,  itn  hori/outai  bnvurli  extending  from  gill  opeiiiug  to  vor- 
tical frniii  11rst  anal  npino,  while  its  vertical  hranch  iwcchiIh  to  hinder 
dorsal  Npine.s;  each  ftealo  withrir  this  b:ind  with  u  black  vertical  titreuk;  a 
rather  n.irrow  brown  band  ninniii^  from  aiignljirhund  to  a  blackish  spot 
at  root  of  Cauda] ;  vcrtic^tl  iin.4  with  whitish  ocelli,  inclosed  by  reddish 
Btrftaks.  Length  (>  inchcH.  Lake  r'et<>n.  (fillnther.)  (»«fermfriiuj»|  inter- 
mediate.) 

rirTot  iHlermtdiiu.  (ifimiKli.  ('nt  Fliheimr,  SOA,  1842,  Lake  Peteo  (ColL  Qadnian  &  Siil 
TtD):  rjrirrmB,  Flab.  Ontr.  Am.,  468.pt.78.  flg.  1,  IR60. 

imi.  VKniAHOmX  .iXClULIFRRril  (UUnthcr). 

Head  ^•,  depth  2J.  T).  XVII  »r  XVIH,  10;  A.  V,  8;  Bcalej  4-3S-i2. 
Head  ."ui  high  as  long;  preorbit^il  scarcely  wider  than  orbit;  eye  not  very 
reniot<'  from  prolile  of  napo,  which  is  Blightly  eiirved;  cleft  of  month 
rather  narrow,  hori/.tiDtnl ;  jawn  e(|iial  nnteiiorily  ;  maxillary  not  extend- 
ing backward  to  viTtical  from  trout  margin  of  eye.  I>or«a)  and  ami!  lijis 
not  Hcaly ;  doraal  spincH  of  tnoderato  length  and  Mtrength,  length  of  twelfth 
i  that  of  head;  soft  dorsal  unrl  anal  extending  to  rootof  candal;  free  jtor- 
tton  of  tail  an  long  aH  high;  eitmlal  Hutitrnncated,  its  length  not  quite  k 
total;  jiectoral  .Hhorter  than  head,  tint  longer  than  ventral,  which  does 
not  extend  to  vent.  Fold  of  lower  liji  intcrriipt<'d  in  middle;  1  Horics 
of  itrale.s  on  cheek.  {(ro»  iiinh  idive,  with  a  broad  angular  black  band  on 
trunk,  its  horizontal  liranch  extending  from  eye  to  verticil  from  tvrst  anal 
spine,  it«  vertical  branch  n«ccndiiig  to  hinder  dorsal  spines;  Honin  Hcalea 
within  the  band  and  ou  ojiorclea  with  a  black  dot;  a  niiiud  blackish  blotch 
on  root  of  caudal  Im.  Length  4  iuches.  Guatemala.  (Uiiiithcr.)  (anyu- 
<»»,  angle;  fvro,  I  hear.) 

ffrrai  OHfiuli/*T,  OPnthrr,  Cat.  Fluhca.  lv,30i;,lW3,  Yirabat,  Ouatemala  (CoU.  Godaian 
*  Siilvln)  1  OrNTUER,  Fi«li.  ticntr.  Am.,  itO.  |>1.  g.'..  tt|f  1. 1809. 


1 ."  1 8  BuUelin  4-,  T Tn Hed  States  Na tional  Museum . 


IMNi.  ('iniL4M0«A  rEXKNTKATUK  (GanOHir). 

Elead  3;  rteptli  2.     \t.  XVI  or  XVII,  12;  A.  V  or  VI,  9;  wholes  14-3S-13. 

Vei-tobni'  It +  15.  Head  ns  litg]i  iia  long;  snout  of  moderate  ext«ut, 
Hiightly  elevated,  the  preorbital  wonM-wliat  wider  thac  orbit;  cleft  of 
itiontli  Hiiiiill.  liorizoiital,  jjiws  i'i|iiul  aiiteiiorly;  eye  below  upper  profile, 
iii'.'in-r  to  pxtrnniity  ol'  Boont  than  to  Ibiit  of  oporculiiiii;  interorbiial 
sparo  cotivi'x,  wider  tliiiii  orbit.  Viiiticul  fius  very  slightly  sraly  iit  base; 
dorsnl  (i|iijn>H  moderately  strong,  leugtb  of  UveUlli  i  that  of  hea<l;  tht>  soft 
dorsiU  imd  anal  potnt<'d,  tlifir  points  not  i-xlendinji  to  iinildle  of  vaiulal; 
tiiiidiil  roiiiiiii.'il ;  distimco  Iietwreii  dnrmvl  and  cundiil  1«'8«  than  greatc«t 
rlpptb  of  IVfve  ]if)rtioii  of  tail;  jioctond  shorter  tbiin  bead  ;  voutral  ]>ointe<l. 
I'obl  of  Iiiwur  liji  iiitorriiptod  in  middle;  5  series  of  8<-aIeH  on  cbeek. 
lirowiviMb  •;rcoi),  wilh  (j  dark  itohm  bands,  less  distinct  iu  old  individuals 
tbaii  in  yoiiiif;  ones,  •rnsHing  a  deep-black  longitudinal  band  ■which  runs 
frnni  iibovo  pi-i-toPiil  to  niidil!<«  of  root  of  candid;  vertical  ami  ventral 
lins  bliickinh,  diirkrxt  at  biise  and  margins.  Length  (j  iiiehea.  Hivcrs  of 
sontheru  Mexioo.    {/vnettratttt,  vritli  yrindow-like  or  lattico-Iiko  marking!*.) 

t'hrnmit  /rntilrala,  GOimiER.  Tror-  XooL  Sixs.  Load.  ISSO,  :ilB,  Rio  de  la  Lana,  Mexico. 

iCnll.  M.Sall.V> 
Htrotjcntttratwi.  UOntheh  Cut.,  IV,  'M\,  IKS2. 

IWHS.  lIlilLAKItSA  lOXTKKllXA  (Hmkcl). 

D.  X\*I,  11 ;  .v.  V,  —  ;  lateral  line  30.  Fold  of  lower  lip  interrnpted  in 
middle;  5  series  of  sriiloH  on  (.-licek.  Body  with  K  dark  rmss  bands,  the 
last  around  root  of  eaiutal  and  marked  with  a  black  spot.  (Heckel. ) 
Mexico.  A  Hi-ari'ely  known  species.  (Montezuma,  the  last  king  of  the 
Axters. ) 

nn--<i  tnuHUzuwa.  HKcmu  Bmsil.  Flnaa  l^Kbe,  383,  I84P,  Mexico;  OClfTRXIl,  Ott,  IV, 

a»A,li)«2. 

imi;.  ru  iiLA.HojiA  MAciui'junrHva  (caDtbcri. 

Hewl  8,  deptli  Ij.  D.  XIV  or  XV,  12  or  1.1;  A.  V,  9  or  10;  scnl.-s 
5|-31-t5.  Head  rather  higher  than  long,  nape  convex,  bnt  <ipi>er  profile 
showing  a  slight  concavity  above  snont.  Snout  of  rather  considerable 
»'Xt<'nt.  height  of  preorbilal  i  more  than  width  of  orbit;  i-lofl  of  rooutb 
slightly  oblii|ne,  preorbitAl  alniuet  covering  posterior  end  of  majcillary, 
which  doea  not  attain  line  of  front  margin  of  eye ;  jaws  T»thi>r  protractile, 
anu»l  with  a  broad  baud  of  \-illifi>rm  te«tb.  tliose of  ontar  senes  enlarged; 
intarorbital  apace  «>ouvex,  nearly  twice  width  of  orbit:  eye  somewhat 
nearer  to  end  of  operenlnui  than  to  that  of  ^nont;  base  of  soft  donal  and 
anal  with  afRwauall  acalea;  dorsal  and  anal  spinea  strong;  first  dorsal 
spine  a  little  before  vertical  front  npprr  end  of  gill  opening;  twelfth  dcmal 
spine  a  little  less  than  \  length  of  head  in  adiilta.  fift<«nth  loitgeat,  and 
more  than  \  length  of  ht>a<l;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  mnch  derated,  niddle 
rays  produced ;  raadal  mnnded ;  |>ecl»ral  n>nndefl.  aboat  aa  lei>|;  aa  ke*d; 
Arat  ventral  ray  slightly  pndongird:  fre*"  i>ortion  of  tail  aearly  Iwiee  ■• 
deep  as  lung.  Lower  lip  iulernipted  iu  middle.  Scalea  ao  rhevk  in  a 
aarias.     liraaniah  or  brownish  olive:  tins  black;  a  mttrs  or  less  di«titM't 


Jordan  and  Rvermann. — Fishes  of  North  Amtrica.      1519 


black  spot  on  root  of  onutla)  fln,  above  lateral  line.  Iinuintiiro  indhidnals 
with  (5  very  inditttiuctdiirk  rio9H  1>jiiii1h,  tliethinl  of  wliicli  baa  si  l)l.icki»h 
blotrb  below  lat^rnl  line;  mi  indistinct  blackiHli  »s|iat  at  root  of  caudal  tin. 
Lenfjtb  9  inclies.  CbiapaH  and  iluntaui'h&l.  (GUntber.)  (^axpof,  largo; 
anarha^  ti])ine.) 

tltrn  maeratanlhvt,  OOntber,  Proo.   Z«ol.  Sac.  Lond.  IWi,  153,  Chiapas  and  Hua- 
muchal;  Gl'.VTIIKB,  Kliihcit  Cimtr.  Am..  4Jt,  1809. 

1»0|4.  CK-flLASOMi  I'AKX.i  (Uiinther). 

Head3;depth3.     D.  XVII.  12 or  13;  A.  VI, 9 or  10;  scales 5-31-T3.     Head 

rather  higher  than  lonjj,  with  thn  uupe  vt«ry  ronvox  in  adiiUn;  siionttd' 
inoderate  extent,  ron)]iri'HMed,  morn  or  I<"r8  fleviited,  much  Innjjer  than  0.V15; 
L'loft  uf  nuiiith  slightly  oUliqiit;,  jinva  eiinul  niiterioi'ly,  iiud  ninxilliiry  hid- 
den Itoliiw  |irt'oriiit!il,  not  exttimlitig  tu  litdow  front  iiiiirgin  ofcnliit.  Jaws 
nitlicr  protractile,  armed  with  a  bnnid  l<and  of  villiform  ti'fth,  lUe  tretli 
(if  til©  oiitt<r  series  ttcing  enlargid;  preorbital  wider  than  orbit;  iiitoror- 
liitul  Hf>acc  very  eiinvex,  >vul«r  than  orbit;  eye  m'arly  iu  middle  of  length 
of  head  ;  biwe  of  Hoft  dorsal  and  anal  wi  th  a  few  small  tifaleu ;  JorHal  Hpi  uea 
of  itiuileraln  teuKth  and  Htn-ngtU,  U-njjtli  of  twelfth  rathrr  h-sa  thun  4  tli.iL 
of  heiid  in  adiill.H.  and  e\a<rtly  i  in  yming  otiea;  mift  dorsiil  and  anal  ele- 
vati^l ;  caiiilnl  ruiiiided;  p4-ctorul  rounded,  not  iniuh  shorter  than  head; 
enter  ventral  ray  iiroloiiged,  less  go  iu  yoiiiiR  iudividualH;  ftdd  of  lower 
lip  interinpted  in  middle;  ft  or  l>  series  of  aealea  on  clitek.  Browiitsli  or 
greenish  olive,  with  7  very  indiKtinct  dark  i-ross  bands.  'I'bo  sj)ct'iini'iis 
from  <«<iatenial;»  have  a  large  lihic-k  Idotch  on  midtllo  of  root  of  caudal. 
Fins  dork  brown  in  the  atlnlt,  liji^ktcr  iu  the  yonnjji  and  with  a  I'nw  Hcat- 
tcred  dork  dots.  Leutj;th  !^  toches.  Moxico  ami  Guatemala,  (litiother.) 
ipanna,  a  shield.) 

neroii  parma,  IjCkthrii,  Cnl.  KiHlivn,  iv,  28.1,  1NA3,  Mexico  and  Guatemala;  GrirriiKH, 
rUbea  Ontr.  Am.,  440, 1809. 

1»0«.  I-ICIILASOIIA  nARntRITIFERl'S  tGQntlier). 

He.-id  3;  depth  nearly  2.  I).  XVII,  11;  A.  VII,  9;  Scabs  5-31-13. 
Head  rather  liiKher  than  long;  a  fleshy  hump  011  nape,  wbiidi  is  ]irob- 
ably  a  characti'-r  of  mature  age;  .snout  compressed,  rather  high,  of  inod- 
ernte  extent,  i(ii  length  ciMitaiiicd  21  in  that  of  bead;  preorbital  much 
wider  than  orbit,  the  difimeter  of  which  is  }  length  of  mioiit;  ileft  of 
mouth  slightly  obrKjiie,  with  lower  jaw  a  litth-  prominent  beyond  up]ior; 
maxillary  hidden  In-low  ]>reor1)itiil,  not  extemliog  to  iVont  margin  of 
eye;  jaws  pr<i'tra<;tile,  armed  with  a  broadisii  l>aud  of  vHliform  teeth, 
those  of  the  outer  Hories  the  larger;  eyo  nearer  to  extremity  of  oport-u  Itini 
than  to  that  of  snout;  scales  on  cheek  not  much  smaller  than  those  on 
opercb's;  11  few  small  Hcales  at  ba.no  of  Hoft  portions  of  vortical  tins. 
Donial  spiueM  of  moderate  strcugtli  and  leu^jth,  length  of  twelftli  con- 
tained 2|  in  that  of  hcail;  Hoft  dorsal  ami  iiiial  somewhat  elevated  in 
middle,  extending  to  biiae  of  caudal ;  free  portion  of  tail  a.H  lung  as  high; 
caudal  fiu  slightly  euiarginate,  with  \u\wa  roiindeil,  it  total  length;  ]iee 
toral  shrirter  than  head,  extemliug  to  third  aoal  apiuo;  outer  veutral  ray 


1520  Bulleiin  /7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


produced  into  a  short  filament,     Kold  nf  lower  lip  slightly  intermpted  in 

middle 5  5  or  fi  series  of  gcnies  on  cheek.  lirowniah  olive,  ■with  7  black 
cross  bunds;  the  first  in  front  of  durnal  liu;  Buouud  to  fiftli  below  spitiouB 
dorBiil,  {inrtl.v  extendinj^  on  liii ;  the  sixtli  liclow  mid  of  dorsal ;  the  soveiilb 
acroas  fri'<?  portion  of  tnil;  oiitli  of  these  <:r<>Ks  liinids  liaa  iiunierona  penrl- 
Golored  spotn;  ro«t  of  r-andal  with  n  blnckinh  spot.  Length  6|  inches. 
Ouatt'iiiiila.     (maygarita,  fiapyapinn,  pearl;  fero,  I  bear.) 

neroi  maTiiariti/er,  GUNTHm,  Cnt.  Flitli<«,  IV,  287,  1862.  Lake  Peten,  Guatemala  (Coll. 
Godman  &  Snlvln) ;  UUktiikb.  Fislien  Cvnir.  Am.,  4.^1.  pi.  71,  fl^.S,  1MB 

IDIU.  <:lt'IILAS(>«A  SI>II.L'RI'R  ((;iiuthi'>n. 

Head  nearly  .1;  dopth  2.  D.  XVIII,  10;  A.  VIII  or  IX,  7  or  8;  scale* 
4f-29-ll.  Keiiil  :i.  little  lii)rher  than  lon^;  Hiiont  of  iiiodi-ralc  extent,  its 
length  ?  that  of  head;  diatuutcr  of  eyu  i  length  of  headj  i  that  of  snout, 
and  \vsti  than  widUi  of  interorbiUil  Hpace,  which  is  convex;  eye  ititiiatcd 
bidow  iipiifir  prolite,  :i  little  nearer  to  t<xtrc>iiiit.v  of  opcrr- iilnm  than  to  that 
nf  Buotit;  prctirldtal  sw  wido  afl  orbit;  clefl  nf  month  very  narrow,  scarcely 
(ddirinc,  with  jftWH  pi|usil  aiiloriorly;  open-le*  Hialy ;  vertical  fins  scaly  at 
ba»e;  dorsal  njunus  of  iiiodoraU'  k'lifftii  and  atrpnjjth,  length  of  twelfth 
coutaitiesd  2ji  in  that  of  head;  iiniutu  of  sol't  dorsal  and  anal  oxteuditig  to 
niidilloof  caudal;  iiintlnl  rounded;  ditttanre  between  dorsal  and  candal 
IrsH  than  depth  of  tnil :  pcutoral  nt>:irly  a»  long  as  head,  extending  to 
fourth  anal  spiuit;  outer  ventral  ray  prolonged  into  a  short  filament. 
Fold  of  lower  lip  interrupted  in  middle;  4  Horios  of  scales  on  cheek. 
Greenish  olivo,  with  U  dark  ventral  baiula;  a  largo  ronndish  Idaek  tipot  on 
middle  of  root  of  caudal;  no  spot  on  temple;  candal  and  posterior  part 
of  dorsal  and  anal  with  whitish  spots.  Length  3}  inches.  Rio  Montagua, 
fjiiateniala.     (Qiinther.)    (oxlXoi,  spot;  ovpd,  tail.) 

Ilerot  tpiUirujt,  GOyrBER,  Cat.  FIaIiks,  IV,  2M,  IMS,  Rio  HontaKua,  Guatemala  (Cell, 
Saltin) ;  UCntuib,  FialiM  Ccntr.  Am.,  451,  pi.  73,  fig.  1. 1809. 


l«lt.  rililLASOSA  LOXfllMAKUS  <»&iitb«r). 

Read  2f;  dopth  21.  II.  XVI,  10;  A.  VI,  8:  Bcalea  J 1-28-12.  He.id  rather 
longer  than  high;  cleft  of  mouth  slightly  oldiiiue,  with  lower  jaw  promi- 
nent; upper  profile  of  head  straight;  jaws  modoratrly  protractile;  max- 
illary not  extending  to  vertical  from  front  margin  of  eye;  preorbital  as 
wid*'  iia  diameter  of  eye,  which  is  somowhat  loss  than  width  of  interor- 
bital  Kpace,  ;ind  more  than  ^  length  of  hond;  eye  immediately  beneath 
npper  prulile  of  head,  and  it  littlo  nearer  to  end  of  operculum  than  to  that 
of  snont ;  dorsal  commencing  vertically  above  sciipula,  the  spinouH  portion 
having  it«  upper  margin  convex,  spines  slender  and  long,  tifth  and  Hixth 
the  longest,  )  length  of  head;  Hoft  dorsal  and  :inal  having  middle  rays 
somewhat  longer  th.in  others,  and  roatJunt;  to  about  middle  of  caudal; 
soft  anal  slightly  isciily  at  ba!<e,  soft  dorsal  seareely  or  not  at  all  acaly; 
anal  siiinca  Khortcr  but  eomewlint  stronger  than  thitse  of  dorsal;  candal 
slightly  emurginatc;  pectoral  very  long,  slightly  longer  than  head,  and 
oxtoudmg  nearly  to  end  of  anal;  ventral  with  outer  ray  prodacod  into  a 


Jordan  and  Evemtann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     1521 


ni&ment;  diatance  between  vent  an<i  root  of  ventrala  ^  length  of  heiul. 
Teeth  in  jiiws  Hinall,  rardironn,  forinirif;  a  biitiil,  tlinHU  of  natpr  series «ouie- 
what  larger  than  others;  folil  of  lower  lip  i:it(>rru))tti(l  in  niidillo;  Kcnles 
on  cheek  in  3  or  4  series;  Hc-nleH  on  opercluH  large,  (iroeniith  olivo,  with  iiii 
inillntini'.t  Mackiah  band  running  from  orbit  tti  n  largo  black  sjiot  ah  initl- 
(llc-  of  flldu;  dor!<Al  fin  with  uiinieroua  ronud  whitish  s|iot«.  Length  .<4 
inches.    Lake  Nicaragua.    (Oiinthcr. )     (fonpHf,  lon^;  wiaft»»,  hand.) 

0rrM  lonirinMntM,  GChtbsb,  Ptib.  Ontr.  Am.,  Vi^,  pi.  72,  lig.  2,  tgiiO,  Lake  Nicaragua. 
(Coll  Capt  I)oir.> 

1012.  nrntiSOMA  niFASCIATrH  (.Steimlarhnen. 

Re.id  3i;  rippth  2i.  D.  XVII,  13;  A.  V],  fl;  scaleg  35-20.  Hody  oval, 
Tiioderiitcly  compressed,  the  back  regularly  arched;  Lead  blnutish;  eye 
6  in  beiul;  5  or  <!  rows  of  sciilea  on  «lieokH;  prevorhital  broad,  nearly 
twice  eye;  rnouth  Huiail.  tipper  lip  tbtckish;  low«r  tbiu,  diHiippenring  . 
anteriorly ;  teeth  rather  Htronp :  ventrjils  pointed,  li  in  Iciigtb  ;  pectoral  k  ; 
dorsal  aplncH  inthnratrim;;;  soft  dorsal  and  nu:i  I  ])oiuted;  c:iiidjil  rounded. 
Color  reddish  yi^Jlovv;  naked  partu  uf  liund  violet  blue;  2  broad  blai^k 
longitiidiiKiI  b:ind»  ab'Tifj^  nide«  of  Imily.  tlir  upper  midint;  iit  hwt  ray  of 
soft  dorsal,  tLi'  lower  riiiiiiing  from  iiiiglo  of  ojiprclo  to  base  of  rnudal, 
the  upper  bjirid  broadcat ;  ventral.-*  yellow  isb  gray,  other  fins  dark  browu 
with  round  dark-bluu  apotu  on  the  incitibrant>H  of  iXx^  soft  rays.  Length 
!>i  inche.s.     Mexico.     (Steiudacliner.)     (hi/fUciatiiH,  two-bandod.J 

HiTot  hi/iueialut,  STEIKniCHNER,  ChToiiiidon  Ui^Jcaii,  i,  181)4,  Mexico. 
1»1S.  CirHLAHOXA  IIKLLKRI  <SU>liidiu:bncr>. 

Head  3;  depth  2;  eye  3^  in  heail.  D.  XIV  to  XVI,  10  to  12;  A.  VI  to 
VIII,  8  or  9;  Hcalos  5-31  or  32-14.  Body  short  and  deep,  rompressed,  the 
back  elevated,  the  Huout  xliarp  and  low.  the  profile  depressed  before  eye; 
4  or  5  rows  of  si'ales  on  cheeks.  Outer  teetU  long  and  tilonder,  pectoral 
long,  reaching  ai.vtb  auul  spine,  about  as  long  as  head;  ventral  longer 
than  head,  reaching  last  anal  spine;  spines  high;  soft  dorsal  and  anal 
pointed;  candnl  Iniiat*^  Color  brownish,  with  6  or  6  faint  rroan  hands; 
ou  the  upper  half  of  the  third  uross  baud  a  hirgo  jet-blatk  blotcli  where 
it  croMflA  a  dark  lengthwise  stripe  from  upper  edge  of  gill  opening  to  bajie 
of  candal;  a  round  dark  Idnti-h  on  snboiiercle;  cheeks  usually  with  large 
blue  points;  dorsal  and  anal  with  dork-blno  spots;  caadiil  bruivnish, 
unspotted,  but  with  dark  specks;  n  nariow  dark  cross  hand  at  hose  of 
caudal.  Length  5}  inches.  HioTea])u,  Tabasco,  Mexico.  (Stoiudncbner.) 
(Nouied  for  its  discoverer.  Prof.  Karl  Helb.T.) 

Brrei  helteri,  .Stkimdaciiker,  Cliromirimi  MnjiciM,  8,  IBM,  Rio  Teapa,  Tabasco,  Mexico. 

1914.  CICHLAMOaA  BALTEATrV  (UUl  A.  Branaford). 

Depth  rather  more  than  2^.  D.  XVIII,  10;  A.  VII,  7.  Head  abbrevifttwl 
andsnoQt  convex  ubove  and  almost  snbtruucated  iti  frout;  caud.tl  pedun- 
cle little  higher  than  long,  and  gradually  diininfsliing  to  tail;  length  of 
snont  2^  times  in  that  of  heail ;  interorbital  area  llat;  preopereulnni  mostly 


Tertirnl,  but  conTexlyprotiiberimtnt  nnglo;  bncoal  Hcalea  in  5  rows;  jawa 
normally  developed;  Hnpratnaxillnry  tonuiiuiting  at  a  vertical  in  front  of 
orbit ;  lower  lip  iiulifntcd  hy  an  olisulctfi  Ibid,  wjiiitiiiff  toward  aytnpbysis; 
teotli  ill  outer  row  ituKlerately  enlarged;  dorKa]  fm  slightly  develope<1; 
jinterior  apinea  rather  hIowIv  graduated,  and  the  rest  snbeqnal;  longest 
aoft  nije,  wheu  bent  back,  I'xteudiiig  to  teruitual  half  of  caudnl;  anal  fin 
romDienciug  under  ubtHit  fourtceiitb  dnroal  apiiiu;  spinps  at  first  rapidly 
and  then  griidiially  incrcasinj;  lu  l«iuj;th  baikwjud;  longest  soft  raya, 
when  bcDt  hiick,  reachiiii;  Beroiul  third  of  riviidnl  fin;  caudal  tin  4^  times 
in  oxtruino  ktn^th,  luid  ^li^litly  eniarffiiiiitfid;  pi-ntoral  tino  reiirhiiig  back- 
ward to  vortic:iil  of  third  iiti:il  fl])iuM,  und  filaiiioiitary  rays  of  ventral  Gus 
extendiii;;  to  fourth  or  lifth  anal  Hpiiie.  Hack  ducliiiin";;  rather  slowly,  and 
iu  a  f;eutle  curve  to  tail,  iind  in  front  of  dorsal  boldly  decurved  to  fore- 
head. Color  (in  spirits)  yellowiidi  orange;  a  nitlier  broiul  black  band 
iixtt-ntliiit;  from  postoeiilar  re;;ioii  uctosm  opLTcuhmi  and  slioiilder,  alon^ 
llaiikn  to  spot  lit  baxu  of  raudal  tin;  back  in  iVotit  of  doraal  with  a 
blackish  spot,  aii(t  under  bnsH  of  dorsal  tin  are  more  or  letts  deliued  dark 
areiiH  nr  npotH;  dortial  (in  dusky  and  Imtiinrubitv,  .ih  are  uIho  the  anal  and 
cBtidal;  pt'cloral  tins  yellowish  at  biisu  and  dnsliy  bi-yond,  and  the  ven- 
tral has  outer  laya  tlnsky  (but  with  et^no  of  exLcnial  lighter)  and  inner 
yeliowisL;  braiichiost^Kal  notiibrane  below  nraa;j:o  or  yi^llowish,  and  the 
breaot  slate-t-olorcd.  Lak*^  Nicaragua.  (Ijill  ■&  Itrauslbrd. )  {ballfatun, 
bolted.) 

UfTf^   Imllralut,  Hill   i    HHAMcronu,     Vim-.    Kc.    Nut,    Scl.    Pltiln.    1«77,   184,    Lake 
Nicaragua. 

1V16.  nClILAKOSlA  UONTKITCH  (OtU  &  Braoifoiil). 

Depth  2\\  caiiibil  [lediini-bj  {  liinhor  at  base  Mi:*n  lon(r.  Its  >;reat08t 
hei};ht  benra  to  its  length  Lho  ratio  of  10  to  8.  Head  acntc-ty  pointed,  and 
snout  above  rectilim-ar.  Length  of  snout  ext'ee<l»  *  that  of  head.  luter- 
urbital  area  nearly  flat.  Preop83-ciiluia  and  cht<ek8  vuiy  oblique.  Buccal 
Rcales  iu  0  rows.  Jaws  normally  developed.  Superior  maxillary  t+rnii- 
uati^s  at  u  vertical  a  little  nearer  eyo  than  snout,  and  the  acticniiition  of 
lower, jaw  Ih  notably  in  advanco  of  oye.  \A\>»  moderately  developfd,  and 
lower  one  separated  by  a  broatl  fn-nuni  at  middlo,  |)or.';al  lin  well 
developed;  anterior  8pinoH  rapidly  Kriidiiated,  the  rest  Hiiliei|(ial;  the 
soft  raj'8,  when  Itetit  back,  ext4?ni!  a  little  beyond  basal  third  of  caudal. 
Anal  (in  comniouciiiK  iiudi'r  about  twelfth  dorsal  spine,  itw  first  4  spines 
ra])i<IIy  increase,  and  itH  last  2  nioderulcly;  soft  part,  when  bent  back, 
extending  a  little  bt-yond  basal  fourlli  of  caudal,  Candnl  enters  4^  times 
in  oxtri'uie  length,  and  is  subtrnnoate,  but  sli^jiitly  emarginatcd  in  niiddh^. 
Pectoral  tins  well  rtevelopt'd  and  extending  about  as  far  backward  as  first 
anal  rays.  Ventral  lins  Iiavo  lilauieutary  rays,  which  eiteiid  backward  to 
lust  anal  spine.  Hack  dcdiTies  rather  rajiidly  to  tail,  and  in  front  of  dorsal 
is  slightly  gibbous.  Color  a  bronzed  olive,  indistinctly  crossed,  at  least 
in  the  young,  by  2  bands,  1  under  dorsal  and  the  other  below  its  loHt  rays; 
|at«r  these  fade  out  more  or  less,  leaving  of  the  lirst  only  a  rather  indis- 
tinct dorsal  saddle  under  uiedinii  Hpinns,  and  of  the  second  a  distinct  black 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1523 


Npot  below  lateral  line;  ii  black  apot  \\\%o  at  base  of  raadal  tin,  mostly 
above  lateral  lini?;  bnusl  ami  lower  Hnrfuci-  of  hi'ad  l>r<)iiz<'«l  or  lilftdkiBh 
toward  niattirit.v  ;  doi'sal  at  itw  H[)iii(nm  ]iitrt  dimky  ami  iiuinaciilato,  but 
in  its  soft  ]iortion  dtversilioil  by  iltisky  iiri>aH  in  3  oi-  Ti  rows.  we]iariif»>d  by 
narrow  l]t;ht  inUtrMfiantsH:  aitiii  more  m-arly  iinifuriii,  but  Mtill  linH  a  few 
light  spots;  cDiidnl  reticulated  by  bri-^ht  iiitnrHpaceii  on  n  diiHlty  ^Tound  ; 
pi'CtoralH  apntte'Ba;  mitralH  dusky.  I.akc  Nicaragua.  (<iill  iV  KraiiH- 
ford.)  Fin  rays  not  described.  Tb«i  «|»wieii  i»  HXiid  io  bn  douely  relateil 
to  HvTot  affinit,  which  baa  D.  X  VI.  8  or  (I ;  A . VIll  or  IX,  8  or  7.  (,ro»tralua, 
long-nosed.) 

Bern  rotlrattu,  GlU.  &-  Brambford,  Prtx-.  ^c.  Uml-.  St.i.  I'lilla.  1ST*.  181.  Lake  Nicaragua. 

1916.  <n:|||,lHOM.«  MKI.I.MX'IMatX  <St<-iii(lar|jneri. 

Head  3,1 ;  depth  'Jj.     I).  XVI  or  XMl,  VJ;  A.  Vf,  !(;  Hciiles  r,<-3()-13;  i?ye 

4  in  head;  pectoral  4  in  body.     Fold  of  lower  liji  iiit<>rni)it<?<l  io  middle; 

5  or  (>  8«ric.s  of  Dcnlea  on  chi-ek.  Color  reddish  brown,  with  i  blank 
blotcbeb  alonf;  base  of  dorsal;  another  row  of  1>la>'k  blotchen  along  Ride 
behind  iieetornl  ri-ai:bing  bane  oCrjiudaJ;  lowi-r  liiih  with  H|>cit8  of  nuitber- 
of-pcarl,  which  aistv  extend  oji  tbn  blink  blotcbt's;  'J  bla<'k  iiokm  utreakBoii 
forehead.  liength  4 :(  i  lichen.  Central  America.  (Steinduohuer.)  {/uXttf, 
lilaok;  TidiyMy,  bearil.) 

llfTot  tnWanopopofi.  STEINnACiiMBlI,  t'brorniilxii    MoJicoR,   14,  In  IteiiVsrIir.  Aknil.  Wim. 
WiPD,  .x.xni,  1864.  72.  taf.  1,  flu.  3.  Central  America;  Ol'NTHKU,  i-'Uli.Ceiitr.  Am.,  450, 


k 


IMB. 


Ifli;.  CH  iri.,l.sa)t.l  ]l£bA\°l  Rim  (iTiliither). 


Head  nearly  3;  dt>pth  2],  to  2^.  D.  XVII,  11;  A.  VT,  8;  ncalw  5-33-13. 
Head  higher  than  long;  a  tlenhy  hum])  on  napn  in  l.-irgo  individu-'ils; 
HDout  oomprcsaed,  rather  high,  of  moderate  extent,  its  length  i  or  J  that 
of  heiwl.  f'roorbit.il  wider  than  orbit;  cleft  of  niontb  obli<)oe,  lower  Jaw 
8e»rcely  prominent;  maxilhtry  not  e.vtendiiig  to  vertical  from  front  mar- 
gin of  eye;  jaws  protractile,  armed  with  a  broad  baml  of  villiform  teeth, 
thoHe  iif  ont«'r  series  tha  larger,  and  brown  at  tip.  Kje  as  distaitt  from 
extremity  of  flnoiit  a»  from  that  of  opercnlnua.  Scales  on  cheek  con- 
siderably Bmallor  than  tho.<io  on  opercle.t.  Vertical  lins  scnieless.  Dorsal 
spiuea  of  moderate  strength  and  length,  the  length  of  (wolftb  i  that  of 
head;  Aoft  dorital  :inil  aoal  extending  Homewhot  beyond  root  of  caudal; 
i'T<fo  portion  of  tail  noiirly  ;m  long  as  high;  aniil  Bpinett  strong  and  long; 
eiudal  rounded,  ,^  total  length;  pectoral  shorter  than  head,  extending 
nearly  to  origin  o(  anal  tin;  distance  of  vent  from  root  of  ventral  J 
length  of  ln-ad.  Fold  of  lower  lip  aiibiiilerriiptjRd  in  iiiiddlo;*  5  series  of 
scales  on  cheek,  ilniny;©  cidored  or  pur|disli  br<iwn,  with  a  more  or  Ipjw 
irregnbir  dceji-black  liand  along  iniddto  of  tail ;  nometimcs  aseries  of  more 
or  loss  continent  bbick  blotches  on  back.  Mutnre  individuals  having 
whole  of  lowr-r  )iart»  of  ln-ad,  belly,  ami  tail  deep  bbiek;  dorsal,  eauilal, 
and  pectoral  orange  colored  i>r  purplish  brown,  with  a  few  scattered  spotis 

'I'll*  fold  Isdifltlnrtly  iulerrupled  iii  nm-oinviiH  from  StolOinehoiloDg,  wblloitappeM* 
to  1m>  Aliglitly  cuulinijuKH  lu  ycjiiii;:  liitliridtiaU  nf  .1  Io  4  iucbefl  iu  Ivu^li. 


1524         Bulletin  #7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


posteriorly;  anal  and  ventral  black.  Young  oxamploe  have  no  black, 
except  t)ie  Vianil  on  tail;  their  dorsal  spines  proportionally  lon/ifr,  leiipth 
or  twelfth  c-outaineil  '2i  in  tbat  of  head.  Length  10  incliea.  Guatemala. 
(OUnther.)     (/i«'Anf,  black;  oti/ori,  tail.) 

tftros  flMfamnrwr,  aONTHEn,Cat.  Flnhna.  22»,  tMI2,  Lake  Petcn,  Guatemala,     (rnll.nori- 
inan  A  Salria.) 

IMS.  tlCHLAKUIA  .VKBCLIFKBCa  (Orintbor). 

ncad  4  ;  depth  2J.  D.  X  VTH,  12 ;  A.  YI,  9 ;  acalea  C-3.'^13.  Head  aa  high 
as  long;  nnont  slijjhtly  cleviiteil,  prcorl)Jt:il  wider  thim  orbit.  Profile  of 
n»p«  niiirh  curved.  Cleft  of  nioutli  .sinall,  horizontal ;  Jaws  oii^ial  anteri- 
orly; intcrorliit.il  space  convex,  its  width  ei|nnl  to  \{  diameter  of  eye; 
operrles  sc.'ily.  nors.il  ;iii<l  anal  fma  very  slightly  scniy  at  bane,  spines  of 
tlu-  firmer  of  tiiuilf-rate  utreiigtii.  length  of  twelfth  somewhat  less  than  ^ 
tbat  (if  boad.  So{t  dorsiil  and  ruial  not  produoe<l,  iiud  the  former  not 
oxU>ndinj»  to  root  of  cinnlal;  caudal  truncated;  free  portion  of  tail  longer 
tb:m  bty;!*;  prctnral  sbort^ir  tii.in  [ic;id;  ventral  not  prolonged.  Fold  of 
lower  lip  interrupted  in  middle;  6  Hcrioa  of  HeuloH  on  clieek.  (jre«ni»b 
olive;  middle  of  body  i-lnudetl  with  blurkisb,  in  the  form  of  indistinct 
vertical  bandH:  a  round  black  8]iot  in  middle  of  root  of  caudal;  the  outer 
parte  of  fins  blackish.  Length  7  inchcu.  Mexico.  (Glinther.)  (nthula 
cloud;  /(TO,  I  bear.) 

VhTOmiM  Tfhulif^.  CrimtKit,  I^roo.  Zool.  Soo.  Load.  IBM,  31R,  Mexico  (Ooa  U.  Sallf); 
GL>1ITHKR.  fill.  FisliLs,  IV,  297.  IR«2. 

1»I9.  (:il'HIiA80a*  LK.\'TItll»ONU]l  tStoinilacbncr). 

Head  3^;  depth  2}.  D.  XVII,  13;  A.  Vf,9;  scalen  34-30.  Body  compara- 
tively elongate,  eompresaed;  the  back  arclied,  profile  dopreaaed  beloro 
eye;  the  snont  prominent,  bluntish,  sharp  in  the  yunng.  Anterior  tenth 
oonsidertibly  enlarged.  Eye  rather  behind  lutiUlle  of  heaii,  5  in  head ;  ti 
rows  of  Hcalea  on  cheek.  Treoperclo  rather  broad.  Ventrals  ronnded, 
nitber  Hhort,  not  reaching  vent;  pectoral  longer,  4  in  head;  spinen  moder- 
ate; soft  dorsal  and  anal  pointed;  candal  lnnat«.  Olivaceous,  yellowish 
l)elow,  ba»e  of  €>ach  wcale  puler;  t»  or  7  faint  cur%'ed  dark  cross  bands; 
Bides  of  head  and  .sidcH  of  body  everywhere  with  sm.ill  irregular  scattered 
brown  8|icck8,  these  especially  nnmerons  on  opercles;  soft  dorsal,  anal 
and  candal  with  crossrowa  of  dark  spots;  spinons  dorsal  with  3  faint 
dark  lengthwise  streaks.  Length  8}  inches.  Me^^ico.  (Steindachnor. ) 
(fmfi^inoiMt.  warty.) 

lltrui  Unti^Hotus,  STEI.Vl>ACnNCII,  Cbntmidvn  M<>)icaa,  6, 1864.  Mexico. 
IMA.  CirHI..(SOMA  D>:PPII(Hm-kcb. 

Heml  3J;  depth  3.  D.  XVII,  10;  A.VI,«;  lateral  line  36-17.  Fold  of 
lower  lip  int«:nnpted  in  the  middle.  Six  rows  of  scales  on  cheek.  The 
length  of  the  dorsal  Bpines  i.i  |  that  of  head.  Brownish;  tail  with6obao- 
Icte  dark  cross  bands,  the  last  with  a  black  spot.  (Ueckel.)  Mexico;  a 
scarcely  known  species.     (Nanjed  for  Mr.  Depp.) 

Btrot  dtppii,  QkcKKL,  Ilnail.  Kliia*  Plsohr,  Sliat,  184U,  Mexico;  attTTTHUi,  Cat.,  nr,  JM,  Vn. 


I 


Subgenui  ARCHOCENTRUS,  Gill. 
l»«t.  (-U'H1.ASUN\  MUROPlSCIATra  (Oflutber). 

Ilewl  3;  tleptU  2f..  1).  XVlll,  »;  A.  X,  7;  »eft)o«  l-2!>-ll.  Hea<i  m  hiKh 
)i8  long,  with  itjipcr  prolilu  coiivfx  tn  siiuiit,  wlii-ri-  it  is  HtrniKlit.  .SiH>ut  of 
iniiiliTiito  extent, ;  witltli  (if  pri-orhitjil  t-qiial  to  tLrtt  of  orldt ;  o.vcsora<'whiit 
iii'arcr  to  end  <»f  sumit  tljiio  to  lliatof  oporculuiu,  its  diaiuoter  conflider- 
i»li|y  li'Ss  than  wiilth  nf  int«rorljita]  Hpaco,  anil  {  li!U;!th  of  head;  ,jaw» 
ei|nal  in  l<<ngth.  Swfl  di>rH:il  and  anal  t'm»  with  scarcely  any  Hcaleu  on  tlieir 
t>ii«e8,  and  mure  nr  li'ss  pnidnced  in  niiddio,  tbe  hnig-i'Bt  rays  ri'aching  to 
niiddlo  of  caudal;  dor8!il  (in  i'triiiini'iii:iiig  in  vertical  from  hiiiiK'nii*,  itH 
spina^H  of  niodiTute  [<tn'ii(;th,  ruthor  short,  length  of  t  wclftli  Kutiie  what  Ifwi 
than  i  that  of  head  ;  .111:11  M|iint»B  as  long  118,  hut  rathor  gtroiif^or  than,  those 
of  dorsal  liii;  uaiidal  rounded,  ':,  total  length;  iieetoral  an  long  as  liond 
without  au<iut,  extending  to  Ht^cund  nr  third  tinal  H])iMe;  veiilral  liiit 
Hiightly  prodnced.  Lower  lip  interrupted  in  middle.  Srnlcs  on  uheok  in 
4  or  .^>  series.  Very  darkei)tored  ;  grinind  <'olor  a  dark  Idiir'kish-purpliBli 
brown;  an  arched  black  hand  rnnniDg  from  nH]in  round  opercular  mar- 
gin tn  njiercalnui;  a  second  nearly  concentric  with  Hrst,  rmining  from 
nape  to  hcLind  pectoral  and  ventral;  third  short,  liko  a  spot  bvlweyn 
antoriiir  dorstil  MiiinfS  ami  lateral  line;  the  following  Mibvertiral,  slightly 
inclvned  backward,  :ind  broailer  than  iiilerspaeoH  between  them;  the 
pennltitnato  connecting  ends  of  dorsal  and  anal  lius;  the  last  iicroBs  root 
ofeaudol;  lina  black.  Length  3i  inches.  Nicaragua;  known  from  Lakes 
.\titlan,  Auiatitlan,  &nd  Nicaragua.  (OUather.)  {niijtr,  black;  /tuciutut, 
banded.) 

HrrtHi  nigro/nKialuM,  GL'NTKKU,  FUb.  Contr.  Am.,  452.  pi.  74,  tig.  :i,  ISfiO,  Lake  AtitUa, 
Nicaragua.     (Cull.  .Salvin.) 

I»32.  rUHLANOHA  KCf.TDfiPn'asra  (liiiniliir). 

Head  3;  depth  2i.  1>.  XVIII,  9;  A.  XI.  7;  scales  4-2fH2.  Hwid  aa 
deep  as  long,  with  iippur  profile  nearly  ati-aight;  iinout  rather  short;  width 
of  preorhilai  (^uiiajderahly  less  than  that  uf  urhit;  aye  situated  itniiiedi- 
alely  futnw  npjier  profile,  nearer  to  end  of  snout  than  to  thatof  njtNTeiilinii ; 
iU  dianit^tcr  a  little  less  than  i^  length  of  head,  aud  mneh  Ichh  than  width 
of  interorbttal  Hpace,  which  is  Hat;  month  with  jawa  equal  in  length, 
BDiall,  the  maxillary  not  reaching  vertical  from  orbit.  Subopcrculnni  with 
2  aeries  of  scales;  soft  dorsa!  and  anal  liua  scaly  at  bitse,  ararccly  pro- 
longed, and  not  esteudiug  to  middle  of  caudal;  doraal  tin  conitneuciiig 
above  hunioruB,  its  spinea  of  moderate  Mtrengtb,  and  rather  long,  Icugtii  of 
eighth  to  latit  spiuu  being  not  much  lews  than  4  that  of  he:id;  anal  spines 
iitronger,  an<l  even  a  little  longer  than  those  of  dorsal ;  caudal  liu  ronndoil, 
^  of  total  length;  pectoral  nborter  than  head,  extend  iag  to  liftb  anal  ejiiue; 
outer  ventral  ray  produced  into  a  short  lilament;  free  purtion  of  tail 
twice  aa  deep  as  long.  Lower  lip  interrnjited  in  middle,  Thre<'  series 
of  sralea  on  cheek.  IJrownish  olive,  each  scale  somewhat  darker  at  base; 
a  blackish  band,  :is  broad  as  a  «cak<,  running  from  eye  to  a  ronnil  black 
spot  situated  before  and  below  teruiiDutiou  of  upper  part  of  lateral  line; 


J 


thciu'o  it  is  coutinued  to  root  of  caudal  aa  a  series  of  4  or  .'>  irmpilar  ttpotm; 
fins  blackish,  apparently  iiuniaciilate.  Length  3^  iuchos.  Lake  ManagiiB, 
Guatemala.     (Uiiutber.)     (mMlfiim,  many;  «|>jnu»im,  spiued.) 

/r<TM  multijifinoiut,  GVnTunH.  Kliih.  CentT.  Am.,  4S3.  pt.  74.  Sg.  3,  IMS,  Lake  Manacua. 
Guatemala.    (Coll.  Capt-  Don-.) 


P 


I9ii.  ClL'HLAtlOaA  rKKTRAKtlirS  (nill  A:  Branafoni). 

iJopth  2.  D.  XVI,  8;  A.  X,  t).  Ciindal  peduncle  very  short,  its  height 
at  root  hoiiiK  twice  a«  great  m  it  is  long,  and  it  oumparatively  nipidly 
narrows  to  cmidiil  ,*  iieud  having  fori-hea<l  slightl.v  giblioim,  and  &tioat 
rec-tiliuear  and  pointed  in  IVont;  length  of  snout  little  more  than  i  that 
of  hL>ad;  int*>rorl>itiil  urea  Hlijrlitly  rained;  pruoporciilum  nearly  vertical 
Mid  at  angle  lioldly  rouridcd  ;  hiK-ciil  scule^  in  5  I'owa;  jaws  uurmally 
developed;  Hiipramavittury  toriiiiiiiiting  atu  vortical  about  a  pupil's  length 
in  advRn<:e  of  eye;  lips  iiiodciately  deiveloped,  tlii'  lower  iutemiptcd  in 
from  ;  l.t-etb  of  outer  row  rather  strou);;  dorsal  fia  modurat^ly  developod; 
dorsal  spiiios  increiuwt  in  a  ref^ulnr,  hold  i-tirri-  from  tirst  to  !>ixth,  and  tho 
fo!li>win(5  uuarly  e<iuttl;  longest  rays,  bent  backward,  extend  for  length  of 
ba«ul  liatf  of  riiudal;  muhI  tin  Very  lung  iind  I'omuicncon  under  ninth  dor- 
sal spine;  spinous  jiurtion  not  much  Icmb  than  3  times  longer  than  suit; 
tirst  3  spines  rapidly  graduated  and  following  unt'S  nearly  I'ljual;  long- 
est soft  rays  rea(.'hiug  b.'ickward  to  teriiiinni  half  of  caudal;  caudal  (in 
forms  i  of  uxtrenie  li-iigtli,  its  anglen  roiniil  jitid  the  posterior  margin 
slightly  eiiiiiruiuated;  jiectoral  lin  extending  liiickward  nearly  to  verti- 
cal of  lifth  or  sixth  anal  spini'i  ventral  liiis  also  reaching  to  nearly 
Slime  point;  parts  above  and  lielmv  longitndiiiiil  iixis  nearly  equally  IjhI- 
aiieeil;  h.Hck  docHjiCB  niodenitely  in  a  curve  toward  tail  iinil  in  front  of 
dorsal  slightly,  but  rfguhirly  decurvod  toward  roioheiid.  Color  broiire 
olive,  with  T  indisiinct  cross  bauds;  at  base  of  tail  ii  faint  spot,  chielljr 
above  lateral  line;  fins  dusky  and  iniiiiaciilate.  Lake  Nicaragua.  |(>illi.V 
llransford.  >  ( t.^eiitrtirehut,  a  genus  of  North  American  suuflshes,  with  maoy 
anal  spines;  neyrfjov,  spiue;  ttuxoi,  nuns.) 

Urroi  emtranhtu,  OlLI.    &    BlUNsroRU,    I'roc.    Ac.   Nat.  Scl.  Thilu.   1877,   1H5.    Lake 
Nicaragua,  Nicaragua. 

6ie.  HEROS,  Ileokel. 

tTiro).  Heckki.,  Ann.  Wiener.  Mus.  18(0,  343  (anwnu,  etc.,  ri'itnrtrd  liy  JtirOan  &  Ut|. 

Iwirt  tu  severua), 
llrrichlhjit.  UaiHU  it.  UtaAllti.  IVur.  Ar.  Nat.  S.!.  IMiiln.  I8M.  'J.'i  (ryniKif/uHaftut). 
Hoplarchut,  KaL'p,  Wii<Kniaiiii'ii  An.lilv  Itino.  11*0  (fx-ndK-mir/iiu). 

Hody  obUmg,  compressed,  soniovvliat  elevated,  the  form  Cenirarchoid. 
lloiid  rather  large,  scaly  on  the  cheeks  and  o))erclt'«;  prropercle  eutire. 
Mouth  rather  smalt,  terminal,  low,  moderately  piotractile,  the  Jaws  suh- 
emial,  lower  lip  wiihout  fronum,  its  fold  (wing  coutinuous;  maxillary 
small;  pri-orbit,n£  deep;  jaws  with  a  single  series  of  rather  stout  conical 
teifth,  bebiud  which,  in  front,  is  a  narrow  b.-vin]  of  villiforui  teeth.  Gill 
membranes sliglitl J  connected, free  from  the  isthmus;  gill  rakers  short  Hud 
thick.    Scales  rather  larj^e,  ctenoid,  the  lj»t«rol  line  inierruptod  and  begin- 


ning  ivgniii  below,  an  usiiul  \u  this  family.  Dorsul  Hn  coiitiniionH.  the 
Bpiuoua  part  niiu'h  loiijL;er  tliiiii  the  Hoft  purC,  uf  altmit  17  rntliLM'  low  but 
stroug  spitK-a;  «uft  Tiiyn  luui'h  higher  than  apinrit;  aiuit  Itn  siiuilttr  Ui  soft, 
lioraal  Ifiit  ttborUir,  itti  Hpiuoiiii  part  ubu  loit^'cr  thnn  the  soft,  of  1  tu  10 
spines^  verticiil  liiiM  Dot  cloHc-ly  Hriileii ;  tutidul  tin  »ubtritU('.-Llt:i,  with 
roumleil  niiglcH.  This  g«iiiiH  ii.s  hero  umit'tatoud  tlilVers  from  <'uhl<uioma 
In  thu  iibseiii'o  iif  fn<niini  tn  tlio  lowi^r  Up:  the  aun)  spines  aru  nil iiioruiiH 
(4  lo  10),  the  iiiuiitli  nut  greatly  protr;ictile,  Jiml  the  dursMl  aud  aiial  tins 
not  Kl(»»<?Iy  «C!»lt'(I.  Tile  characters  separatiug  Cuhlnaonut,  Ilfrw.  .E<iuiden$, 
itud  AalroNolut  aru  not  of  great  iiiipnrtanccv  aii'l  may  be  not  wholly  natural. 
Kct-'ent  aiitliorH  hsuve  itnil(>d  iil!  miilor  one  gtneric  iiaiii<%  Jslroaotuii.'  It 
iK>einH  to  IIS,  huwvvur,  iiioro  ruiivpiiit^ut  to  n-coguize  thesis  gronpH  :ih  dis- 
tinct giMiera,  as  ii  help  toward  the  ordorly  lUTiiugeiumit  of  the  gri'ttt  niasH 
of  species  UHiiuily  ri'ferretl  tit  Hero*.  Even  an  thiia  rfNtricted,  llirox  is  it 
%'ery  large  gciitis,  tiiking  in  the  riverw  of  South  America  this  pliice  tilled 
ill  North  Arnerii-ft  by  J.epomii  :iiiil  rel.ited  geneni.  SpeiMes  very  diiiiiui°oi18, 
chiflJy  Soiith  Atuericoii,  The  Mpi-tii'a  of  tbiu  gi'iiii!'  hiive  never  been  criti- 
cally i-ocniiuriid.  (i//ja>i,  hero,  thu  allusion  not  cvldeiit.)  Tho  Jblldwing 
analyKiH  will  be  funiid  artilirial  and  of  little  value: 

a.  Anal  apinos  8  or  I)  (rnrrly  "). 

b.  IKirwil  rnvH  XVIII,  9i)r  10;  »i-iil"«  ;».  rBiEDRirn8Tii;bU,  19'J't. 

bb.  Dni'xnl  niya  NVIl,  10:  miilrit  211.  hALViNi,  1925. 

bhb.  n«r.i»l  rays  X  VI,  8  or!>:  Hcales  2U.  ArriNis,  1926. 

bbbb.  Doifttl  riiy»  XVI,  11  or  1:1;  H<;al«a  30.  MACVUPlKSa,  19Sn. 
aa.  Aual  npliiiM  7  <rarnly  6or  8). 

e.  Body  camparatlrely  ieep,  tlii<  ilcplli  ^  tlin  l«oierth',  sofX  flua  oloTat4Hl. 

TRIMAOI'LATL'K,  1928. 

er.  B«dy  oblong,  tlie  ile|ith  Si  U>  2t  In  the  IcDKth. 

d.  noriuil  with  IT  (rarril}'  IE  <ir  IS  or  lU^^piniiK  utoiI  II  or  12  (oft  raya. 

e.  Hales  with  tb«  iipn  );reatly  thinks nvd  lutd  rerticjilly  oxpaiidr.il ;  acAlaa 

32.  L,AHI,lTl-6,  LOnOCIIILI'M.  1<,I29,  1830. 

et.  Malea  wfth  the  tips  not  f^rt^ally  ihicKimiHl  nor  t^xpnnileil. 

F.IIYTnU.F.rs,  IIAAII.AUIS.  N|r  AUAOl'E.Nr'm,  MA.SAIlL'MtSU,  1031-1934. 

M.  Ouraal  witb  in  Kpiuea  ami  but  D  ur  lu  aott  nyn;  aculoa  33;  head  3  In 
lentrth.  AL'XBl's,  1935. 

eet.  Botly  ratliur  rteeii,  llio  doptli  2J  in  lougth ;  ilorisl  raya  X  VI  or  XTII,  U. 

CITKIKEIJ.l'g,  1936. 

MM,    Body  oumparativt'ly  (ilaogat«,  tbe  ileptti  3  in  leagth :  doraal  rayii  X Till.  IH. 

MOTAaUENBIB,  1BS7. 
AjiiU  apinm  6  (nuvly  r>  or  7). 
/.  Doraal  raya  XVIII,  11  U>  U. 

i;.  Uwly  rather  flonguto,  tbe  depth  3  in  length;  acalea  33  to  36. 

OBLONouv,  uovii.  le.ia,  1039. 
fill.  BikIv  riiihrr  iIcoji,  the  tl<  plh  21  in  1i<D)cll>:  aialiw  M. 

ullUIKErfl,  MICROniTUAUfrS,  1940,  1941. 
//.  Doraalniya  XVI  or  XVIt.in,  rarely  II:  depth  34  to  8^  In  length;  nilarldiimt 
Ht  baoii  of  canihil. 
A.  CaaiUU  spot  ncpllulo;  no  lilao  apota;  aoalea  'iB.  tmuPitTiiAUii's,  1942. 

AA.  Caudal  n|K>t  ftil]'llB^. 

1.  Bixly  haniliyl  with  dark;  no  blue  Hpots;  acaloe  33.    TBOBCUKLI,  1943. 
ii.  Body  and  Ddh  with  many  small  blue  itpota;  walon  25. 

rVANOOCTTATUS,  1944. 


'Attronotut,  Swatnaon,  1839  (oetltatut)  ■ 
VS/k  =  U])groyoHiu.  Guuliier.  1862. 


■-  Aetira,  Heokel,  1840,  aa   r««tricted   by  Gill, 


Aaal  ■pine*  S,  nuvly  or  never  6 ;  dorsml  rsya  X  VI,  11  or  12. 

j.  Body  ratlicr  elongaUi,  Uic  depth  2}  tn  length ;  ncale*  33,      fAVON ACBCS,  1M5 

jj.  Body  nioderatxil;  deep,  the  depth  2{  In  leDgth  j  bad;  with  uraae  bands  and 

pearly  doU.  ALTimoxs,  IfMO. 

^.  nadyduoii,  the  depth  i\  in  length;  aulei  80;  coloration  nearlv  pUin,  the 

line  with  lUrk  aiHitii.  bc*.vt.  tM7- 

.  Anal  iplDni  nuninilly  1  (very  rarely  &).    DnnuU  r«yi  XV  nr  XVI,  10  Ui  13;  body 

rmther  dwp,  cumiireeacd,  the  depth  S\  in  leniftb  j  body  and  tin:)  with  d»rk- 

hrowo  «pot«.  Twriuvtsnuva,  1948. 


I9ii.  IIEUOH  VUlKniUt  IISTIIAI.I,  IIiKkel. 

Head  2? ;  depth  2J;  cyo  S,;  in  h<'ii<),  eipuil  tn  smiiit.  V.  XV'Ill,  a  or  10; 
A.  VIII  or  IX,  !)  or  7:  scales  1-31-12.  Fold  of  lower  lip  cnntiuiioiis  in 
tniddle.  Scalfifl  ©n  cheek  id  7  BericB,  Aiiten»-iiiferior  margin  of  preorbi- 
tul  coiii'ave,  the  g^retit«8t  width  of  tbia  boue  only  1  that  of  orbit.  Length 
of  twvlfth  dorsal  apiiie  f  that  of  huiid.  LoIlgf^!lt  dorsnl  ray  I^  in  bead; 
loDgi'st  anal  ray  14  iu  head.  Yellowish  olivo,  with  0  or  7  blackish  oroBa 
bonds;"  a  black  band  from  eye  to  npper  part  of  root  of  candal,  iater- 
nijited  by  thr  interMpacos  betwooii  cross  biiiid«,  the  orif^n  and  end  of  this 
band  arts  udj^ed  with  yellow;  Biiboporculiim  with  a  black  occHiib;  an 
obli<|UQ  black  atreak  from  i^yo  toward  ocetliis,  Leaf;tb  .'i  inches.  Lake 
Petoii,  Lnkfi  Niciinigiiu,  and  its  outlet,  the  Hio  San  Juan. 

UtnifJrif'IrieluiltaU,  Ukckei,,  KIu«»tl»rlio  Bnwil,  Wl,  1(M(J,  Rio  Sao  Juan.  Nicaragua ; 
OOMTUmii,  Cat.  Fiahea,  iv,  394.  1802;  OOMTHBB,  Fiah.  Centr.  Am..  4!>S.  IMB. 


loss.  IIKBON  S.ll/ri.M.  l^iiiillier. 

HMd  21;  depth  2].  D.  XVII,  10;  A.  VIII  or  IX,  7;  scalw  H-'Xi-iO. 
Bead  Miiicwhat  lotigur  titan  high;  snoitt  of  moderate  extent,  longer  tbiiii 
tij9f  pointed;  cleft  of  luuuth  vorj'  olili<)nc;  lower  jaw  iirojootinn;  max- 
illary not  ((iiite  oxfi-ndin);  to  vertical  from  anterior  margin  of  orbit:  eye 
iniamdiiVtely  below  upper  protiln,  in  iniildle  of  len;;tii  of  head;  Buboper- 
ciiliiui  of  moderate  width,  with  1  Berie«  of  Bcale-i;  preorbitul  u  little  nar- 
rower than  orbit,  %vitli  tlio  autero-inferior  innr>;iii  coiionve.  Length  of 
twelfth  dorsal  spine  }  that  of  hewl  iu  Mpeciiiieiis  from  Lake  Tcten,  and  i 
in  tbuMe  from  8anta  laaltel.  Fold  uf  lower  lip  continuouB  iu  middle; 
Boales  of  oheek  in  5  iterie«.  Ham-  i>f  soft  dor^a!  Hcaly.  ni.st.'»nco  between 
dotaal  and  caudal  cotisiilerably  leas  than  depth  of  free  portion  of  tail; 
diBtau<'«  between  vent  and  root  of  ventrals  i  len^ftb  of  bead.  Durk 
greoniwh  olive,  with  a  black  band,  e<l(;ed  with  yellow,  rnnninj|]r  from 
Hiioiit,  throuj^b  e>e,  to  root  of  caudal.  iiioBt  distinct  oil  Itead,  but  inter- 
rupted "HI  tail  by  lighter  ititerHpaces;  it  paweH  a  blaik  lateral  spot,  and, 
in  yoiiii;^  inilividniils,  t4*rrijiiiatea  iu  auuthcr  black  spot;  an  irregalar 
black  baud  uIoiik  back,  bebiw  biiKU  uf  ilurejtl  fin  ;  sometimes  3  bands  auroas 
iipjier  surface  of  head;  a  blue  horiKoutal  line  bolow  orbit;  a  more  or  leetB 
distinct  black  ue«Ilii8  on  sul>operculum  Boiuetinies  entirely  almeut;  fins 
blackiab,  iniiuaculato,  or  with  faint  dots  only  in  antall  iioinb«r;  Bides 


'  Tlii-HH  linniU  not  evident  In  •peolmcua  from  Nlcaragiuk  ex»uilnnd  by  u»  (U.  S.  Mat. 

Muj«.,  >'o.  31XI18). 


Jordan  and  Evetmann.—  Fishes  of  North  America.     1529 


lieluw  lilack  bund  «nuguiue«>ui«  in  mature  vxainplea.     Length  4i  inc-Iies. 
CiiiatfUialu..     (fTiinUior.)     ( Named  for  ( isbert  Sal viu,  its  disroveror.) 

I  Bern*  talvini.  (il'XTllKn,  Cnt.  Fiiiliet.  IV.  Z91.  I86'J,   Rio  de  Santa  laabcl.  CuatcmaU 
(Coll.  CoOmiin  A  i^alvin) ;  rirNTHEB.  Full.  Coiitr.  Am.,  V*).  pi.  T3,  tig.  3,  Ii<6». 
Perot  tnaijramma,  STRmiiArnSEK,  Dcoksvlir.  Akiul.  WIbr.  WIeu.  xxilt,  IMi,  TO.  taf.  3, 
llj;. 'J,  Central  America.    (Cull.  FriMlricliHljil.) 


IU:><1.  HKBOH  AVKINIM.  QiiiillK.r. 


Ilcml2};  depth  2if.  D.XVI,8or9;  A.  VIII  or  IX,8  or7;  scalea  5-:J^12. 
^Heud  mt  hif;li  ;t8  luiij;;  suotit  coniprpssfid,  elev.-ited,  with  cli'ft  of  Kioiith 
[oblirinu  itild  wttli  Itiwui'  jjtw  priimtneut;  jiruorbitiil  widur  tli;tii  orbit  {in 
the  liirger  indiviilitalMi ;  «yo  eoiiMidcrattly  noarur  extremity  uf  <>;>urcii1uui 
than  to  tbitt  (if  HHuiit.  l)orHiil  and  iiiial  liim  eiitirt'ly  .Hit»lele.s»;  dorsal 
t)pine»<  ruther  tftiun^  nnd  loii^,  lengtli  of  twi^ll'th  '  that  of  lietnl ;  aunl 
HpiiieB  very  stniug;  fr«e  jfurtioii  of  tail  a  littlr  Uijjbcr  than  bmg.  ('audnl 
Hligbtly  vniur^iiiattt,  ^  total  linigth;  diMtance  between  vriit  iiud  root  of 
vi^ntrai  ^  length  ufliead.  I-'old  uf  lower  lip  coiitiuiioii.s  in  iniddJn.  Sc^uIch 
OH  cheek  in  I  Hi-ries.  <  ili\e,  with  ."»  or  •»  dark  itoss  bjindf^,  tlui  middle  on©  of 
which  has  !i  deep- Iditck  spot  vvboie  it  [dissus  lateral  iiuv,  ii  nioro  or  less 
diHtinct  blikt:k  8|iot  oil  AiibMpcrL'ultiui;  n'u\ca  of  bead  and  vt^ttii'al  lins  with 
blnihh  dark-L'dged  ucolli.  Length  D^  iuoheii.  Lake  I'oteQ.  (tiiiuthor.) 
(affinit,  related — to  Herat  ann^s.) 

Htrot  ttfinit,  UCsTHUB.  Cat.  Flali..  IV,  'iVi,  1803,  Lake  Peten  (CoU.  Godninn  .v  Snivio); 
GCmtiiKB,  Fish.  Ceiilr.  Am.,  45r>,  |>l.  71),  Ac.  1,  IU9. 

ins;,  IIKIUtS  lAri'MPIXMS,  Slclndaclmor. 

Head  3;  depth  2.  D.  XVI,  11  or  12;  A.  VIII,  .S;  scales  4-30-11.  Body 
short  and  doe]),  back  con.>tiderHlily  ari-lie<l,  the  ventral  outline  alAo  arched ; 
proti]«  depreNtiod  before  uye;  month  low  and  nithor  Kmall,  the  maxillary 
Kcarrely  longer  thnn  eye;  teeth  soinewhat  elo»e-8ut;  eye  34  in  head,  as 
broad  a«  the  preorbital;  4  or  5  row*  of  scales  on  cheek.  I'oi-toral  about 
;u)  long  :tH  hi'ail,  reaching  third  anal  spine;  ventrals  slightly  longer, 
rea^'hing  liftb  opines  aofl  dorsal,  aii:il  and  eaud.-il  rounded,  not  sealy  at 
ba^so.  Color  brownish,  with  5  broMnisli  vortical  bands  not  sharply  de- 
fined, the  third  band  with  a  Inige  black  spot  at  the  poiiil  where  it  crosses 
a  vague  dusky  .itripe  from  n[i|icr  eil^i?  of  gill  opening  to  b.iHe  of  uandal; 
Hides  of  betid  usually  with  blue  Kpot-s;  .soft  dorrial  anil  anal  blue,  with 
many  spot-s  of  bright  yellow;  ciiudid  umltled.  Longlh  ■)*  inches.  Hio 
Zauapa,  near  \'era  Cruz,  Mexico.  (Steiiidjtcbner.)  (mavida,  .»i|>ot;  pinna, 
In.) 

'  Htrot  maeuUpinnit,  STCiNUACHNRlt,  Cbroiniduu  Mi'.|koH,  1&,  1864,  Rio  Zanapa,  Mexico. 
IBSH.  HRROS   TItIMA(TI.\Tl'N,  linntlinr. 

Heatl  2)f ;  deiith  2.     I).  XVil,  11;  A.  VI  to  VIII,  <l;  scalen  5-:U-M.     lload 

{•nearly  as  high  as  long;  snoat  rather  pointed,  iiitieli  longer  than  eye;  cleft 

uiouth  very  oldiiguo;  lower  jaw  prominent;  maxillary  extending  nearly 

I  vertical  froui  front,  margin  of  orbit;  preorbital  as  wide  as  orbit,  with 

3030 ly 


1530         DnlUtin  47>  ( Untied  States  National  Afuscum . 


wit«ro-inrcrior  margin  concave;  width  of  orbit  \  length  of  Lead,  but  only 
f  llitkt  of  tiiti-rorl>ital  Npacoj  eye  imtnciliatcly  Im'Iow  roiicavity  of  ujiiicr 
profile  of  livnd,  auil  very  slightly  iiciirpr  to  tip  of  Hiioiit  than  to  opercular 
iiinrgiii ;  upercleH  scaly:  .siiljoitcri'iiliiiii  with  2  scries  of  8cnlc8;  vcrtic.:il 
tiua  Honly  at  base;  foUl  of  lower  lip  coutiutiuiiH  iii  uiiildlv;  scales  of 
i-lieek  ill  5  series;  dor:<i>l  spines  of  iiuxliTiiitj  stn-ngtli  ;iinl  U-iifjtb,  the 
twelfth  riitln-r  less  tlimi  i  Ituiijth  "f  head;  iHiiuts  of  sort  dorsul  iitid  anul 
exteudinj^  tx-Toud  iidddb^  of  cjiiidiil;  t'iiiidiil  iiiitrh  rounded;  distiiuee  be- 
t>viH'U  uuudul  itiid  dtiTsal  <'oiisidurttbly  loss  tlian  ik-jdk  uf  free  portiou  of 
tail;  pectririil  uiiH'h  Nhortfr  tbau  buail,  o.\ tending  only  to  si'coud  anal 
spine;  vcutriils  with  imlcr  riiy  i>riidiico<l ;  distame  between  vent  and  root 
of  ventral*  ni^nrly  \  bnigth  of  bead.  l>;irk  ^'cenisli  olive,  M'ith  3  black 
spots,  tbu  ttrst  jibuvo  origin  of  l.itfrul  line,  the  second  iu  iidddle  of  side, 
and  till-  third  tibove  end  of  Ititera!  Hue;  lins  black.  Length  11  inches. 
Ckiiip^M  and  lliiaiirurhal.     ((iiiiitber.)     {tee*,  three;  moculatu»,   spotted.) 

//rnxfri/iKicKjndK,  fiCNTilxIl,  Finh.  Crutr.  Am..  i6l,  pl.Tfi,  1809.  Chiapaa  and  Huamuchal. 
(Cull.  .Sulrin.) 

IIISD.  IIKIlf»S   [.AKIITCS,  UiintJlrr. 

Itei.tl  2i.  :».  XVll,  11;  A.  VIl  or  VIII,  .S;  sciiloa  6-33-13.  Hewl 
rullicr  longer  tlinn  bi^b;  snout  soinmrhiit  <d«v:tt«d;  deft  of  oiouth 
8li(rhtly  obli(|ue,  with  lower  jaw  a  little  prominent;  teeth  in  narrow 
hanils,  tliose  of  outer  series  enlnrgrd,  with  brown  tips;  maxillary  not 
ne.irly  . ■attaining  vtvrtiful  from  fnmt  of  eye;  preorbital  aa  wide  as  orbit, 
Ibo  diameter  of  which  in  less  tliau  extent  of  snout,  and  }  length  of  bead ; 
iutcrorliital  spiice  Honitvvhnt  ronvex,  wider  than  orbit;  eve  situated  not 
quite  imniediatcdy  lienoatU  iipjier  prollle  of  head,  and  uddway  lietween 
end  of  snout  and  that  of  optTciilniu;  opercles  scaly,  the  scnlca  larger  than 
those  on  rbcek ;  suboperi-nluiii  with  '1  neries  of  scales;  soft  i>ortiou8  of 
dorsal  and  anal  liuswitb  iiiitiiite  scales  butween  rays  at  their  ba«e:  dorsal 
spines  of  moderate  Uvn>;th  and  strength,  length  of  eighth  dorsal  spine  less 
than  \t  h'ngth  of  head:  ]>uitit8  of  prv<liioed  iinddl<>  mys  of  soft  dorsal  and 
anal  r<-n<'hing  to  middle  of  caudal  fin;  caudal  ronnded,  it«  length  rather 
more  than  ^^  times  iu  total ;  aual  8piue(<  of  nearly  same  length  and  strength 
sm  tlutseof  tlorsal  lin  ;  pectoral  ninnde*!.  reaching  to  fourth  or  fifth  spiue 
of  anal :  vfotral  lilumput  pradncejl;  distance  between  vrnt  and  root  of 
ventral  less  than  i  length  of  hea<l;  scales  on  cheek  in  4  series;  anl-erior 
}>ortions  of  np|>er  and  lower  lips  ninch  enlarged,  each  forming  a  niovejtitle 
eubtriangular  tlap  (probably  in  old  nialra  only);  depth  of  (re«  portiou 
of  tail  fteurcely  more  than  its  length,  rniform  retl,  or  re<I  irrsgnlarly 
marbled  with  black,  or  nearly  entirely  black.  I^ength  7  inches.  Lakea 
Managna  and  Nicaragua.     (Oiinther).     ylahmtut,  tbick-lippe<I.) 

Hmt  labinttit,  ctOirmul,  PrtK.  Znol.  S<h-.  ].atti1.   1SS4,  27,  |il.4.  Ilg.  1,  Lake  Managua. 
Nicaragua  <CalLCapl.  Dow):  lirKTHiLH.  Fuh.  Coutr  Km  ,454.  Iff*. 

INQ.  NERUS  UIBOtHlLrs.  c:antb«r. 

BMd  2»;  depth  2i.  L».  XVll.  U  or  11';  A.  VII,  *t  or  !>:  5cale«  0-32-U. 
HMd  a*  high  as  long :  snout  rather  elevated,  with  cleft  uf  ntoutb  oblique, 
and  lower  jaw  r»Ui«r  prominent;  upper  profile  rery  concave;  teeth  in 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  Amerua.     1531 


nnrrow  Imnds.  tliiwottf  i»nter rtcrien  enlnrperl,  with  brown  tips;  tria\ill»ry 
not  it';ichii);{  to  visrticiil  {"rum  Iront  of  orliiL;  pmorliital  :im  wiili'  :ui  orbit, 
very  slij^litly  nwTv  tlinii  I  tiiia'S  iiiliMi>;tli  of  ln'sul;  iiiUvrorliitul  stKaco  Hat, 
miicli  wilier  tliau  «ir!nt ;  v^v.  iiiiiuediiiit'ly  lielnw  iif^RT  iirotilo,  slightly 
iicnrer  to  extremity  ufotiont  than  to  tlmtof  njn-rciilntu;  opercles  i*c«ly,  the 
scales  l;tr(;er  than  LIioho  <>it  <:lR'«kH;  Hulinpitrciiliiiii  with  1  Hurii-H  iif  gcaleci; 
iiufC  jtortioiiB  uf  jmiil  ilu«1  dursal  tiuH  with  ii  HcritiH  of  *\ua.\\  scu)i<h  butweeu 
rsyH  at  tbdr  I>uni<;  ilonitil  spiuoNor  iiioderato  etriMi^th,  loiij^tli  ni  eif;htlito 
twoirtb  luore  t.huu  \  tbatnf  bond;  puiiitrt  i>f  Hoft  tiiiu.)  iiiiddurHAl  reucliin^ 
to  middle  i>f  eaiidiil ;  frto  jiortiun  of  tjtil  scjtrutdy  biKliiT  tbuii  long;  eau- 
dHl  rnitiidod,  its  lon};tb  \  uf  ti>tni;  aiiiil  HpiiK'8  titruUK  uihI  luug;  pectoral 
rounded,  reii'biuj^  t»  loitrtli  ■■m\i\  Kpitio;  outer  vciitnil  ruy  productMl;  dis- 
tance lietweou  vi'nt  and  rciot  of  ventral  i/  leu^^th  of  lieii<l;  old  mikles 
with  anterior  ]>ortiouH  of  lips  iiiii«b  i'nliir;L;t«d,  t>u<-b  foniiiuji;  n  moveable 
aubtriaiigiilar  tiiip;  in  yoiiiit;  uvuIch  lipH  Hiiiifdc,  fold  uf  lowi^r  continn- 
ouB,  Greenisb  or  yellowisli,  with  aiioiit  (J  iiidi.ititivt  diirk  i-rcms  bunds; 
that  below  fourtepiith  ilormil  spitio  with  a  lur^u  bhi(;k  bloUb  below  lat- 
entl  lino;  Bomutintoa  a  bhu.k  spot  on  iippur  hulf  of  base  uf  cuudal.  Length 
8  inches.  Lako  Mauagua,  Niciiranua.  (Oiiatlier).  (Aii/5fo5,  lol)e;  ^£?Ao{, 
Up.) 

Urnm  lubochtltu).  III  KTIIEII,   Ki.ili.  Crtitr.  Am.,  iS7.  ]>l.  ?.'>,  Ug.  1,    IKOO,   Lake    Managua, 
Nicaragua.    (Coll.  Cajit.  IKtw.) 


MKtl.  ItKIIOK  KUVTIIB.ei'S,  Utiothor. 

Head  2|;  depth  '2^.  D.  XVII,  12;  A.  VU.  8;  scales  6J-31-14.  Head  oa 
high  as  long;  unout  riitlier  olpvated,  with  clt-ft  of  month  Hliglitly  oblique, 
and  lower  jaw  8<!iiri*ely  protnimnt;  tfeth  in  narrow  Imnds^  those  of  on(«r 
scries  enliirgu<l.  with  lironii  tigw;  noixilhiry  nut  rca<:]ilu>;  vertical  from 
front  margin  of  viyt",  preorliitu]  wider  than  orbit;  tliaiunter  of  eyen«!arly 
5  ttiin'8  ill  leiifitli  iif  hf>ad  ;  in terorbital  space  Alit»Iitly  i«jiiv6x,  much  wider 
than  orliit;  cy»'  nt'iir  ujiiut  jiroJiln  of  bead,  and  etiuidistant  Uetwemi  end  of 
Hnoutund  tliatof  opercnlinii;  oponlesKcaly,  thcsi-iik'fl  laif»tirthaii  lliosi-  on 
i'he<^k;  siitnippri-ulinu  witli  2  Keries  of  si-iilttH;  Hoft  doi-Hal  uuil  uual  tins 
with  11  few  minitto  «i-iilf-s  ruiminjj  up  betwt^on  ba.scH  ofrajM;  tlorHal  itpiiioH 
of  modi'rute  strcii^itli ;  »oft  dorHii)  and  ana]  Hli^ilitly  pruditiod,  not  reacii- 
iug  to  middle  of  caudal;  length  of  eighth  dorsal  spino  Icsh  than  ^  that  of 
head;  candul  riHinded,  !  total  U'nj;th  ;  aual  Hpiiies  rttroiigcr  but  not  longer 
than  thoHU  of  durHul  tin  ;  pectoral  ruiitidud,  ctxtetidiiig  to  fourth  anal  ajiine, 
Bomewhat  sbortor  than  bead;  outer  vetitrnl  ray  produced;  diKtauco  be- 
tween ventral  and  vont  \  length  of  head;  lips  thick,  with  broail  free  mar. 
gin  in  their  entire  cireiiniferencf;  scales  on  chetk  in  I  or  5  series;  dopth 
of  fr<'«?  portion  of  tail  eonspicuounly  mtirt*  tluiu  its  length.  Deep  nraiigo 
color;  many  of  the  b<-»Ic»  of  t.iit  with  a  blackiBb  spot  "U  base.  Length  7 
inches.    Lake  Managua,  Ntruragna.     (liiinthur.)    (//ov4/ua<«;,  reddish.) 

Itmt  nryrhrcnu,  nONTHKB.  Kixli.  ('nntr.  Am..  467,  pi.  7.'>.  Qk.  2,  IWSO,  Lake  Managua, 
Ntcaragua.    (ColL  Cnpt.  Dun-.) 


1632         liulletin  ^j.  Ignited  States  National  Museum. 


igSS.  IfEBOR  B.V8tLAB1R,  Gill  &  Uraiufonl. 

Ik'ptli  'ii.  It.  W\,  12;  A.  VII,  S.  Head  iioniial,  snont  uUove  ronvex 
ami  lilitnt  in  front,  1etii$th  of  guout  titile  iuoto  tliau  \  length  of  lieail; 
interorbitul  ar«ii  sUjE^litly  rjiisod;  prcnperfuluiti  nearly  vertical;  buccal 
ACiili'«  ill  -I  rows;  jaws  tiuniially  cli!vulo|>t'd;  xiiiiraiiiiLxillary  ti^nninuting  at 
■•»  vertii'iil  viTy  little  iu  jidvikiicu  of  tirbit;  lipw  muiluratel.v  <levelope<l  and 
I'rt'e  all  arouml;  tertb  of  uiiIlt  row  of  nitlicr  largo  8i/>e;  dorsal  (in  uiixl- 
iTJitoly  devektjied  ;  )iiit<Tior  «piiieH  iiurmallv  graduated,  tho  rent  niil>c(|iiiU; 
Koft  ruyH  when  lient  back  cxt<-ii(lliij5  Mn.irly  to  tejiiiitiiil  third  of  caudal; 
iitial  I'm  eniiiriii'UceH.  luidei-  tliirt^i'iitli  <l«real  «j>iue,  it*  lirHt  'i  spiiHvs  rapidly 
niid  tbo  Hnci-evdiug  tiioib'nitejy  ^nidiiiited;  ImiKOBt  aoft  rayH  when  Itent 
liiti  k  ri-iirliiii);  Hueiiiid  ttiird  uf  i-uiid;il ;  liiinliil  11  or  4j  times  iu  cxtrenio 
kiiif^th.  and  its  (iiiirgiii  la  eunves-triiiioutp;  pectoral  ilii  extending;  to  verti- 
cal of  tliirct  imd  veiitrul  lin  to  tbut  of  fouttb  ur  tifth  :iuul  Hpiuu;  caadal 
peiliimdo  uul.  itiiiek  titghei'  iit  bn.ii;  tbaii  long,  find  dcon-iMCH  very  gradually 
to  liu;  liJirk  docliuo8  niodiirutely  to  t;ii),  und  rej^iihirly  druiirvod  iu  front 
of  durKJiI  (in.  (.'olor  brori/wl  olive,  with  (iii  youni;,  at  least)  7  bauda;  in 
fuartb  bund  ia  developed  :i  diittiuct  Miu'kiNb  Hjiut  juKt  iindrr  lat-eral  lino, 
und  on  Iiiihv  of  eiiudal  tin,  abovu  ]i4t«ral  line,  is  aiiotkvr,  but  HQiullcr,  blaok- 
ittii  Npot;  doniul  Jitid  aual  liiis  duaky,  but  soft  p»rtH  luiieb  darker  at  buM 
thai]  oil  rest  of  titoir  titiH  uud  surface;  caiidul  liu  Hl^•<>  lutioli  darker  at  ita 
biiHal  tliinl  tbuo  behind;  pec^toral  and  voiitral  fins  duuky  and  nniforni, 
iiavti  that  lliu  filainuutitry  rays  of  veiitrnla  arc  darker.  Laku  NioarnguH. 
(Gill  &  Ilrati^irord.)     [bagihnin,  baaal.) 

a*n»6a«itaru,GlU.Jt  BitAMAroKU,  Proc.  Ao.  Nat.  .S<-i.  PliiiA.  1877, 183,  Lake  Nicaragua. 


!»»S.  IIEHItS  MCAUttJlENNIN,  l^unther. 

UeadH^;  deiithi'i.  1>.  XVIIl  or  XIX.  11 ;  A.  Vll,«orO;  scales  5-;^6- 13. 
Ilvad  liitii'b  higlier  tliiiii  loii;;,  iti  eoiiMMjiieiieo  of  iiu  iidipoae  swelliug  above 
pyo  (in  adult),  wliieli  reuilers  sUatie  of  Li-iid  Vvryphona-Mke;  auout  ele- 
V3it<'d;  pn-orliital  wider  tbau  orbit,  tho  iliauieter  of  which  is  more  than  j 
of  letigtb  of  Lead;  cleft  of  mouth  rather  narrow,  bori/.outul,  the  Jaws 
iM^iial  in  front;  iiiaxitlary  not  cxtciidiu^  liack  to  vurtienl  from  front  of 
orbit;  (-I'l'lli  in  a  batid,  those  of  outer  («"ri«'8  mmunvhnt  enlnrgiil,  and  with 
brown  tips;  intororbitiil  sjiace  very  convex,  not  i|uit«  twice  as  broad  a« 
orbit;  cyi<  abmit  <-i|uutly  distant  from  end  of  snout  and  that  of  operele 
and  far  below  upper  prolUe  of  head;  vertical  finn  scaly  at  base;  spiuous 
donukl  not  very  low,  tho  ftixteenth  «pine  ^  as  long  aa  head;  first  dorsal 
spine  iusertetl  above  upper  end  of  gill  ojiening;  dorsal  and  anal  spines 
long;  |»eotoral  not  quite  a.s  long  as  head;  soft  portion:!  of  dorsal  aud  anal 
slightly  ]iroduced,  the  tbnner  extending  nearly  to  middle  of  caudal;  free 
portion  of  tail  tvs  hi-;h  tis  lunj:;  ctudal  slightly  emargiuute,  its  length  con- 
siderably more  th.in  [  tutal;  ventral  having  outer  ray  much  produced  and 
rvttchlDg  to  »i\th  aual  sjiine;  fold  of  lower  lip  iut«rrnpted  in  middle; 
soalea  on  cheek  in  6  series,  rather  irregularly  arranged.  Itrowuisb  olive 
above,  yellowish  IhjIow;  back  with  5  or  fi  obscure  blackish  cross  l>aud«, 
not  BXteudiug  downward  to  beyond  middle  of  side;  manjicaloa  with  a 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     1533 


brown,  vertitiul  niari;iual  ntreak;  a  Intoral  cipot  iiHiially  dititiiict;  riot't 
vertiral  fins  with  brown  Hi)ot«,«!ftch  \  a»  liirgo  oh  n  Hralo.  hPTijfth  7  iiirheH. 
Luke  Nicara^rna.     (t;iint.ber.) 

Htrn niearayummi, ('A'KiHKa.  Vrne.  ZnoL Sno.  Lonil.  IBM,  153,  Lake Nicaraiua  (Coll.  C«lit. 
Dow);  OUmtiieb,  Fiali.  r'eutr.  Am.,  4A5,  184D. 

tflSl.   IIKKOK  IIA\A<11IE>'SIS,  GUoLbcr. 

Hoii.l  'Jl;  .Icptli  2i.  1).  XV'III,  111;  A.  VII,  8;  snilcH  4J-32-13.  IIoikI 
longer  tlisin  high;  snout  of  ntoiU-iate  Icugtli,  Mumcwbiil-  pointed;  lower 
jiiw  pronititniit:  cteft  of  tmnith  o)>lii|iU';  iiiHxiUary  tciicliiiig  Ix-you^)  an- 
terior iniir).:iii  of  eye.  \\'iiklL  of  orhit  k  length  of  Imiid,  and  1  width  of 
interorhitul  sjim-e;  eye  inniicdiati-Iy  below  upper  prolilo,  its  distam-u  from 
eml  of  Hiioiit  u  littlo  mure  tLiiu  \  that  from  Liudcr  oiarj^iti  of  ojiorculniii; 
opercles  acaly,  the  scateit  »n  o|)(«miliiiii  lar^ft^r  thu.n  thoiso  on  <'hi-ck  ;  hiiIi- 
oporciiluiu  with  2  «eri<i.s  of  Kcalcs;  priMirltituI  with  iiiiti'io-infwrior  iiiarKia 
<i)n<'ave,  narrow,  its  i;reiil<-st  width  Hcareeiy  morp  than  i  thiit  of  orbit; 
dentition  as  iti  //.  durii;  first  doraul  apiiio  inserted  bL'biud  verticul  from 
iippi-r  end  of  i^iU  opening;  dorsal  and  iiual  HpiiieH  of  niudcrato  luii^th  and 
dtrength,  length  of  twelfth  dorsal  liu  3i(  tiinea  in  that  «f  hi-iid  ;  vertical 
tins  Bli;;btly  scaly  at  hiisc;  Hoft  duroal  and  anal  not  rpaching  to  middle  of 
caiuhil;  caudal  roniidrtl;  diittiiiico  l)ctxvi>«n  dorsal  and  caudal  much  li'ss 
than  depth  of  IriH;  porLion  of  tail;  ]pectora]  Hhort,  iiiDre  than  i  kmf^tli  of 
head,  :in(l  exU-iidiiigonly  tiiuri<;iii  of  aii:il ;  \Tntr!il  »  ilh  oiUt-r  ravH slightly 
produced,  reachiiijiJ  beyond  \ciit;  dintaiiiMi  hutwwii  \oiit  ;ind  root  of  ven- 
tral not  qii)t<i  It  length  of  head.  I'old  of  luwiT  lip  coutinooiia  i<i  niiddlo; 
scales  on  elieek  HOiall,  rather  irregularly  arrutigerl,  in  8  oi  il  serieM.  Orocu- 
ish  hrown,  shilling  gohlen,  and  irri'giiliirly  iiiiirhled  with  dark  brown;  a 
Rt'rii-K  of  ijiiadritngiilar  hlavk  spots  (probably  a  hiiud  in  young  e.\aniple8) 
running  from  eye  to  a  Mjk  k  spot  on  root  of  rnudal.  tliiw  spot  above  lateral 
line;  a  brown  liand  <le9eeiiding  oblii|nely  from  lower  jjosti-rtor  anglBof 
orbit  to  lower  posterior  angle  nf  operculum;  viTtieal  tiuM  with  blaekapotM, 
each  spot  i  aa  large  att  a  Hcaio.  liength  7^  inches.  Luke  Managua,  Nica- 
ragna.    (GUntlier.) 

Uerm  manainteiunt.  GCnthrb,  FUIi.  Ontr.  Am.,  463,  |il.  77.  ttg.  .'I,  18KI.  Lake  Manaeua, 
Nicaragua.     (Cnll.Capt  Duw.) 


19.1.%.   nVMOS  AIIKKrS,  iMintlier. 

Heads;  depth  2Ji.  1).  X  VI,  !t  or  lO;  A.Vil,!^;  .scales  6-3.'l-i:!.  Head  as 
high  ag  long;  jtntMit  soniovvhat  elevat<»d.  wiih  eleft  of  month  ohlijpio  .uid 
with  Jaw»ei|iial  ant«Tiorly  ;  prf^orbital  as  vvtileiis  orbit;  eyea  little  nearer 
to  extremity  of  open  nlinn  th.iii  to  that  of  snout;  dorsal  spincn  ratJicr 
Hlendf'T,  length  of  twelfth  a  littlo  !e»a  than  i  that  of  hoad;  ditttanco 
liotween  dorsal  and  riiitdal  miniewhat  b-sn  llinii  ^  tluit  of  head  and  some- 
what le-'J«  than  gTe:t  test  depth  »f  ln>o  portion  of  tail;  caudttl  slightly  etuiirgi- 
nate;  ilistanee  between  vent  and  root  of  ventnil  t  length  of  head;  fold  of 
lower  li]i  continnona  in  middle;  !«enlofl  on  cheek  ia'fiHories.  Yeliowisli 
olive,  with  fi  dark  eroaalmnda  extending  downward  to  a  yellow  longitudi- 
nal bund  running  from  above  pectoral  to  lower  half  of  ba.s«  of  oandal ;  the 


ISU 


ButUtimirj,  UuUeJ  SkUa  Nmtimmt  Mmseum. 


LiMgtfc  5  mdn«^ 

Bmm  mmrtmM,  Otwwmm.  CM.71ika 
■Mia (CMI- <M»la  A  Ciliiw». 


I  •  hnc«  blade  la«anl  ip««;  Mdca  of  bend 
wiA  »  UaekJik  afiak  ••  oyteulnm  aiid 

ter  bo»e;  fas  B^t  eolaced,  immaenlate. 
(GiatticY.)    (— r«— ,  goldm.) 

t.  IT,  UK  Ml  Bio  Mwgaa  aad  at  Vnbal.  Guate- 
Crnama.  Vlih.  OaMc  Am- fiS,  id.  73.  Ac  1 1M>. 


IlcMl  3i ;  il«<ptli  3i.  D.  XVI  or  XVII,  12;  A.  YD.  8  or9:  acalM  6-30-13. 
He*d  a/i  btt;b  ar»  long:  snoat  rstli«r  eleT«t««l,  not  obtuse;  cleft  of  montb 
Al<nii«t  linrizoDt«l;  lower  jav  wtaittAj  prominent:  teeth  in  narrow  baa<)B, 
tbose  of  outer  seriee  enlarged,  with  brown  tip«:  inaxillarr  not  re»rhioL' 
rertiral  from  front  margin  of  eve;  preorbital  wider  than  orbit;  ej-o  cloee 
(o  upper  profile,  and  a  little  nearer  to  end  of  snont  than  to  operctnlar  mar- 
gin, ita  diameter  ^  length  of  head;  interobital  space  Aattish,  twice  width 
of  orliit;  operclea  acaly,  Uie  Males  lortrer  than  those  on  cheeks;  sabnper- 
r:a]am  with  2  series  of  scales.  Sofl  anal  and  dorsal  fins  slightly  scaly  at 
ba.iie;  ]iointa  nf  soft  dorsiil  and  anal  considerably  produced,  and  extending 
beyond  middle  of  caudal  fin,  sonietimesi  to  its  extrentity;  first  dorsal  apino 
inaarted  above  npperc-nd  of  ^ill  opening;  dorsal  and  anal  spinea  slender, 
the  eighth  or  tenth  of  dorsal  fin  t  length  of  hea<l;  pectoral  nearly  as  long 
as  head,  long  iind  roandfd,  and  extending  to  fitlb  anal  spine;  outiT  ven- 
tral ray  pro<lDce<i;  caudal  rounded,  its  length  44  times  in  total;  distance 
lietween  vent  and  ruot  of  ventral  nearly  \  leugth  of  head.  Scales  on 
cheek  in  \  series;  fold  of  lover  lip  continnous  in  middle;  free  portion  of 
t»l]  conspicuouxly  dee}>er  than  loii';;  nape  very  convex  ;  interorbitnl  spaoo 
brond,  it-«i  wldtli  if  length  of  bead.  l.emon  colored,  either  nearly  uniform 
or  with  the  buck  black,  \vhi<-h  color  sometimes  forms  irreguLir  blotches* 
on  vertical  fins.  Length  8  inches.  Lake  Nicarugan.  (GUnthw.)  (eUiv 
nelltti,  lemon  colonul.) 

/frrua  citrintUut,  GONTBKB.  Proe.  Zool.  S»o.  Lond.  1864.  1!».  Lake  Nicaragaa  ICnll.  Capt 
Uiiw) ;  CiU.vniBii,  Flak.  Ccntr.  Am.,  iM.  i>l.  71,  dg.  1, 188». 


1037.  lltiKON  MOTAOrF.FrSIH,  GUntlior. 

Head  2?. ;  ilcptb  H.  D.  XVIII.  10;  A.  VII,  8  or  9;  scales  6-32-13.  Head 
laiiKertbaii  lii;;li ;  Hiiniit  of  iiiixlerate  extent,  much  longer  than  eye,  pointed ; 
cleft  of  mouth  very  tiMliiue.  lower  juw  very  prominent;  maxillary  reach- 
ing nearly  to  vertifjil  from  anterior  margin  of  orbit;  width  of  orbit  not 
qaite  k  Itiu^th  of  head,  aud  lc.>ui  than  width  of  iuterorbital  space;  pre- 
orbital  witli  utit^sro-inrorior  iiinr^in  biil^  nlighMy  concave,  its  greatest 
width  (■c|ual  to  tbiit  of  urbit;  dptititinn  as  in  //.  clovii;  eye  near  upper 
prolUr  of  licud,  riciiror  to  cud  <if  nu«nil  than  to  that  of  optTculnm;  oporcles 
sialy;  Miiboperculuui  with  2  ki-iIcs  of  xcTler^;  vortical  tiim  scaly  at  bnae. 
tlx^ir  poiiit.>i  not  roitchiiig  iiiiddlu  of  ctiiiditl;  caudal  rouudoil;  distauci* 
biitwcL'U  ilorHaJ  unit  <'itiid:il  aoiucwbat  Iohn  tiuui  d(V[4li  of  froo  portion  of 
tiiil;  flntt  dorHtkl  Hpino  inserted  bt.'liiud  vertical  from  upper  end  of  gill 
opening;  dorsal  and  anal  spines  short,  leugth  of  twelfth  dorsal  spine  j 


that  of  hnad;  pi-ctoml  Hliort.  less  tlian  l  lonRtli  of  head,  and  scarcely 
reaching  tfl  voiit;  voiitnil  sliort,  [luiuted,  the  outer  i:»y  produced;  dis- 
tanco  Letwocu  vont  aivd  root  of  ventral  uiuro  than  ^  li-nj^'tli  of  head; 
fold  of  lower  lip  caittiniuiiiM  in  middle;  svales  on  cheek  huiiiU,  in  8  »erio». 
Bi'i>wni8h,  :i  Mack  interrupted  Iiaini  niniiin;;  from  eye  to  a  spot  on  root  of 
caudsil,  this  Hpot  aliDvo  hiteval  line;  au  obliiiiu' tihorthliickHtreiikriiiiuiiig 
from  lower  posterior  single  of  orhit  towiird  ii  M]iot  on  suture  between  oper- 
enlnm  and  snbo|iercnlii[ii,  close  to  iiiteroporciiluni,  the  hand  not  conthiii- 
ouD  with  the  spot;  buck  with  truces  of  irregular  etOHHbandH,  more  diHtiiM't 
in  yoang  tbnn  in  old  individiialo;  vertical  HnN  with  uitmeronu  hrmvn 
dots.     Length  10  LiichcB.     lUu  Mo tuguu and  Luke  Nicaragua,    ((iiinthor.) 

ITrrot  inolatfuenHt.  GL'Rtukb.  Fish.  Centr.  Atu.,'<fl2,]iL77,  llg. S.IMO,  Rio  Motafua,  Nic- 
aragua.   (Oil).  Iiudmao.) 


103S.   IIKItdK  OBLOXVVH,  GiiDther. 

Heiul  34;  depth  3.  It.  XVIII.  12  or  13;  A.  VI,  8  or  9;  scales  5f-3»-15. 
Head  ii  little  longer  than  liiKh;  siinut  of  moderate  extent;  preorbital 
wid<'r  than  eye,  ttio  diameter  of  whicli  in  \  length  of  head ;  cleft  of  month 
rather  narrow,  Lori/oiital,  ■with  jaws  eipial  iinleriorly;  ma.tillary  nut 
extending  backward  tt>  vertical  froim  frontinarf^in  ofeye;  teeth  in  a  bund, 
thoHB  of  outer  Boriest  miu-h  larger  and  stronger  than  otherB,  and  with  brown 
tips;  interorldtal  space  convex,  not  (jnite  twice  as  broad  m  orbit;  eye 
about  oquidistaat  from  mid  of  snout  and  that  of  operelo;  vertical  Una 
Acaly  at  base;  spinoiiM  dort^at  rather  low,  length  of  twelfth  dorHal  ii]>ino 
lew  tbau  )t  that  of  head;  eoft  dorsal  and  anal  somewhat  prodticed,  the 
former  reaching  to  middle  of  eatnlal;  free  (rortion  of  tail  rather  longer 
than  bigli;  caudal  snbtrunoatt^d,  \l»  loagtli  a  liltb<  leH:^  than  ii  total;  pec- 
toral shorter  than  head,  about  ei|inkl  in  lengtli  to  vtrtnlral,  thu  outer  ray  of 
which  reaches  tt»  veni ;  fold  of  lower  Ii])  continuous  in  miildJe;  5  series 
of  Bcales  on  cheek.  ElrowniHh,  with  about  5  very  iudii^tim-t  broad  darker 
crosH  bauds,  desceuding  from  bark  to  a  not  less  iudiHtinct  longitudinal 
band  running  from  almvo  pectoral  to  a  black  spot  in  middle  of  root  of 
_yontral;  vortical  tin.s  with  trjiu^vorso  series  of  mund  whitish  «po1«,  scpa- 
Ited  by  a  network  of  dark  lines;  pectorals  yellowish.  Length  8  iucbes. 
kio  Motagna,  Nicaragua.     (GUnther.)    (afrfon^u*,  oblong.) 


JUmeblongiu,  GOirrnKR,  Fiah.  L'ontr.  Am.,  464,  1869.  Rio  Motagua,  Nicaragua.    (Cull 

fcGod^lan.) 


Itl.'lll.   ilKlUK  linril,  (;iinthor. 


Head  2?;  depth  3.  D.  XVIII,  U  or  lii;  A.  VI,  9  or  10;  scales  5}-35-13. 
ea*!  much  longer  than  high;  snonr  rather  elongate,  mnoh  longer  than 
eyoi,  pointed;  cloft  of  month  oblique^  lower  jaw  very  prominont;  niaxil- 
■y  reaebiiig  vertical  from  anterior  margin  of  orbit;  width  of  orbit  14 
imes  in  length  of  head  ami  oifiial  to  that  of  iuterorliital  space.  Eye  iui- 
modiately  below  upper  profile,  but  ciDHiilerably  nearer  to  <.nid  of  sitout 
than  to  that  of  operculum;  opercles  seuly,  the  scales  on  opcrcuhim  larger 
than  those  on  cheek;  suboperculum  with  2  aeries  of  scales;  preorbital 


15;?0  Bulletin  /7,  United  Slates  National  Museum. 


with  antei-o-inf><riorinarKi>i  but  slightly  vonoave,  it<<  gro«te«t  width  }  that 
of  orbit;  onch  ja\\-  with  w  piiir  of  fauf,"*,  the  lower  sepitrate;  soft  portion! 
of  dorsal  and  niinl  luis  scaly  nt  base  3ud  not  reaching  beyond  origin  of 
anal;  first  ilormil  spine  iuaerted  behind  vfirtioal  from  iippet  end  of  ;cill 
opening;  dorMal  and  anal  HjiineH  slender,  !pii;|ftb  of  twelfth  dorsal  cjiint^  \ 
tlint  of  head  ;  c:iiid:i]  nmiided ;  jwctor:il  alioiit  }  a»  hin<;  as  ho»<l  and  scarcely 
reai-hiiij,'  verticsil  from  nrijjin  of  una);  ventral  jiointed,  slightly  pro<ln<.e<l, 
ri'aehiiig  ouly  ti>  vcni ;  diHtanco  Ix'twwii  vptit  and  root  of  ventral  *  length 
of  hi'iid;  frdd  of  lower  lip  routiuuoiia  in  luiddlt).  ScaleH  on  cheek  smull, 
rat!ii>r  irrufjiilurly  iirrauycd,  iu  about  H  Herii-ft.  Brown,  iiTPgnlarly  mar- 
bled Avith  diirlvor;  firiA  blacik;  nn  iiidiHiinct  black  band  along  operriilnni 
and  sidu  of  trunk;  an  olilirjiie  blaokiKili  band  dciiRendiiig  from  i^ye  toward 
root  of  pectoral ;  a  lihiik  spot  bcliind  angle  uf  uioatb.  Length  li  iuche«, 
Laki.'  Nicaragna,  Ki<-aragiia.  (Giiutber.)  (Named  forCapt,  John  M.  Dow, 
the  collector  of  the  types. ) 

Ucroi  itoeii,  IJt'NTHca,  Vvio.  /mil.  S<h-.  Lond.  IRM.  164.  I^ke  Nicaragua,  Nicaracua;  OVv- 
raHlt,  Fisfa.  Coolr.  Am.,  IGl.  pi.  73.  lie.  *.  186)1. 


in^O.  IIKBOS  (IIBBU'EPS,  St«lDila<^luier. 

HoBd21;  depth  3;  cyoBiiihead.  D.  XVIIorXVIII,  13orU;  A.VI,9or 
10;  sc'al<»eiC-33-li'.  Itody  rather  elonyntc,  tniidnratcly  cumjirpMcd,  the  back 
regularly  anded.  Adult  wi(h  b«rgn  tbi.shy  lump  above  the  eye  to  thi' 
napo.  Five  rows  of  scales  on  «>h«5<ik ;  preorbital  moderate;  month  very 
amall,  low;  t<^i'tli  alpudor;  Dimiit  projoi-liiig  buyoiid  tlio  month  in  the 
adult;  rlcft  of  month  arrbed,  as  long  as  broad,  its  length  equal  to  that 
of  eye;  pertoral  tiliort,  U  in  head,  as  long  as  ventrals.  Spines  moderate; 
soft  dorsal  and  anal  Hcareoly  poiiilod.  scaly  at  biifw;;  caudal  rounded. 
ChwMtlati'  brown,  yi41owi»h  liolow  ;  a  row  of  dark  bloti'liest,  0  or  7  in  num- 
ber, along  niiddli'  line  of  body  from  upprr  ])art  of  gill  opening  to  ba«<^  of 
(!unda1 ;  a  dark  streak  on  eai-h  oralo  paralbd  witli  the  edge;  vortical  tinti 
vaguely  mottled,  l-ength  II  i[n-hefi.  Kio  Teapn,  Tabasco,  Mesioo.  (Stein- 
dachner.)     (*/>''''«",  gildjoni!;  -  cr^jji,  head,) 

Jlenn  giMiietpt,  .STKiMH.MliNKit,  Chroiiil))i'>n  MkjIi'iim,  12,  Ii404.  Rio  Teapa,  Tabaaco,  Mexico. 

mil.  fieilO)«  MII'RItPllTiUtMIS.  liimihor. 

Hea<l  »jl;  depth  2*.  D.  XVIII,  13;  A.  V  or  VI,  10  or  9;  ■oale«  5-34-H. 
Head  a«  high  as  long;  snont  of  modenite  extent;  preorbital  wider  than 
eye;  ck'ft  of  moiitli  ratln-r  narrow,  horizontal,  with  jaws  equal  anteri- 
orly; intiTorbital  b|iir'o  very  convex,  twice  as  broad  as  orbit;  eye  a  little 
nearer  to  e.xtrinuity  of  Miwut  than  tfi  that  of  oporcle;  vertical  fins  scaly 
•tbue;  spinous  dorHiil  low,  length  of  twelfth  Hpiiie  A  or  rather  loss  than 
J^  tbat  of  iK-ftd :  free  portion  of  tail  rathi^r  higher  than  long;  ])ectoral 
much  shorter  than  bead,  i>(|iial  in  length  lo  .ventral,  which  does  not  extend 
on  to  vent;  fold  of  lower  lip  continuoim  in  middle;  6  series  of  scales  on 
cheek.  Brownish,  with  indistinct  dark  tross  bunds,  an<I  with  a  dark  band 
along  8id<;fl  and  lail,  terminating  at  a  black  spot  in  middle  of  root  of  can- 
dal ;  each  scale  on  lateral  and  lower  parts  with  a  pnrple  H]M)tat  base;  soft 


I 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann, ^-Fishes  of  North  America.     1537 


portion*  of  vctical  Ihis  with  serios  of  lilacliiih  dots;  axil  nf  pei"ti)riil 
orange-i'olnrwi.  Length  8  iiicbeB.  Kin  Motu^'ua,  Nicaragua.  (Giiiither. ) 
{/ttxpoi,  small;  otfAaXfcus,  eye.) 

JTerot  mierniMhalwu,  (iONTHKIt,  Cat.  FIhIkw.  iv,2a5.  1882,  R!o  Motagua,  Nicaragua. 
(Call.  (;u<liiian  Si  Salvin) ;  tiO.NTREB,  FiHb.Cralr.  Am.,  464,  IHOD. 

I8il>.  IIKKOS  ClinPIITHALmiK,  liiintlier. 

Hi-aa  uciarly  3;  di-ptb  2J  to  ■2\.  I).  XVII,  11;  A.  VI,  H;  wiuiles  rh-28-12. 
Head  !■-■«  iii^li  u-h  Idu;;;^  snout  nitlier  al(>Viktb<l,  wilLi  cluft  uf  iiuiiitli  oUliipie 
ami  with  lower  jaw  |)roiiiiiiiMit;  proeirliital  an  wiile  ii.<(  orbit;  iiitiirortjitiil 
spaco  Hat.  wiiU-r  thnn  orbit;  i\vo  nearer  tn  oxt^e^J^ity  of  snout  tban  to  that 
of  oprrr Ilium;  dorHiil  »piii(3t»  uf  luodiTatL'  leuj^tli  an<}  ntreuKtb,  leugth  of 
twelt'tb  ;;  tbat  of  head  ;  i'tvi'  portion  uf  tail  bigUtn-  thuu  long;  aual  spiticM 
strong  nin)  long;  elistiinr«  lietw<>t»ii  vput  and  root  of  vcutrjil  ij  Inngtb  of 
head.  Fold  of  1ow«t  lip  cnntinuons  in  iniildlp.  Sciilcs  ui>  cheek  iu  (> 
series.  Brownish  or  jfreenish  ulivc,  with  7  blockish  cross  bands  as  broad 
as  iuterspai'i-H  betwtion,  tJir  lii«t  duscending  obliinioly  backward  acroHn 
nape;  the  second,  third,  and  fourth  b<dow  th«  doTHal  HpiD<ia;  (be  sevi'ntb 
a4-r(i9H  free  portion  of  tail;  a  large,  black,  white-edged  ofellim  on  root  uf 
caudal;  lin»  blarkisb  ;  iwctnral  yellowish  toward  base.  Length  7  incbeg. 
Lake  Peten,  Guatemala.    (G!3atber.)    {ovpd,  i*,i\;  uyAaXfios,  eye.) 

UeroM  urophUutliniiM,  (ICntiieb,  CHLFiMlirB,  iv.  2B1.  1882,  Lake  Peten  (Coll.  Ondinaii  JL 
aalvin);  GUmtheh,  KUIj.  Centr.  Am..  4M.  pl.T^,  flt;.  I.  IHOU. 

1IH3.  HV.llUH  TUONCHKI.I,  St«-ii«la<'lai<<r. 

HeadL'S;  depth2!,.  D.  .\V1,  10  or  11;  A.  Vl,  H;  scales  r.-33  to  34-13; 
eye  -IJi  in  head,  Ij  iu  Hnout;  cheeks  with  5  or  0  rows  of  acnles.  Modyftbort 
.ind  deep,  the  back  elevated  but  not  inilih  arche4l :  liiuutb  HUiull,  not 
longer  than  eye.  Utile  curved;  the  outer  teeth  Ntnmg;  pectonil  rounded, 
rthorter  than  bead,  not  reaching  lirst  anal  Hpine;  oandal  rnnnded;  vetitrulH 
t^hort,  spinefi  nioderutu;  ao{t  dorHal  and  anal  scnly  at  base,  ])0)ntcd  at  tip. 
BrowuiKli,  with  7  diiwky  cross  baiidH  curved  lUrwiird;  a  large  roimd  dif- 
ru«e  blackiith  blotch  at  ba»e  of  caudal,  luoBtly  above  end  of  laU-ral  line;  ti 
deep  bhu'k  longitudinal  Kpot,  prirl  nf  the  lirHt  ilark  crnn«  band,  behind 
bsiiic of  pectoral ;  (ina  iliiHky  bluish,  unspotted.  Length  7  inche».  Mexico. 
fSteiudachuer).     (Nanjeil  lor  l'rofe8-«ior  Troscbel.) 

llrrt  IrotcMi,  Stkikdaciimxk,  IclitliyologUche  Notlzon,  iv,  12,  1887,  Mexico. 

1944.  IIKHO.S  OtANOOlITTATlTS  (Bainl  i  fiironl). 

Head  3|;  depth  :>}. ;  eye  4  ;  snout  3.  D.  XVII,  10;  A.  VI,  8;  latentl  line 
2i>.  Body  oval,  itioderatelyconiiirrHsod  ;  prolilo  geutly  curved;  iiilororliital 
region  «liglilly  depressed;  tiyes  Einuill,  Hitiiatetl  ratlior  backward  and  high 
up;  month  small,  maxillary  not  reaching  orbit;  0  niwsid" scales  onchcek; 
fiU8  high  ;  longest  dorsal  spine  ei|aal  to  distance  frnni  snout  to  pnpil ;  soft 
rayM  longer,  IJ  in  head;  loiigost  auol  rays  1|  in  head,  equal  to  length  of 
pectoral.     Urownish,  body  and  soft  parts  of  verticuil  finii  everywhere  vrith 


15.18  Bulletin  /7,  United  Stales  National  Museum, 


Biuull  bliieHpoto;  Boniotiniea  a  blnck  npot  ou  middle  of  spinous  dorsal, 

with  auotlier  one  bulim-  it  on  Uurk  ;  :i  liluck  hlotrb  tit  base  of  canilal. 
Kivei»  of  HouthweNtrrn  TexiiH  and  uortlitiiuitRru  Mesicu;  chietly  i-oolincd 
to  the  biMin  of  the  Rio  Grande ;  the  only  spwif*  of  Ciclilidif  entering  the 
Uuitt'd  .Status,     [nvdrtoi,  ct/antiit,  blue;  tjiitlaluH,  spotted.) 

nfriehlhyt  CjfaHoijullatMt,  Baibd  i.  GlllAlu>,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nat.  .Set  Phila.,  Vll,  1854,  25, 
Rio  Grande,  Brownsville,  Texas  (Ty|H<,  Nu.  851.  ColLJulin  H  Clnrk) ;  BikiKD  4: 
<flRAIU).  U,  S.  and  Mox.  B«UU<1.  Siirv..  Zoo).,  3ll,  pi.  4.  flgi«.  t-l'i,  1858. 

/7#n»  fuaHwiuttalut,  UOktHEE,  Cat.  Kli<h«t,  IV,2M,  Itfa-,  JoROAif  St.  GlUlBin'.  SyiiopHiii, 

Mi,  ]g))3. 

1045.  HKHUH  PiVON ACKFN,  Uamuii 

lload  3ii ;  depth  2j}.  D.  XVI,  12;  A.  V,  8;  aca.b  s  1-32-12.  Head  us  deep 
jiHloiig;  i-ye  l.irye,  wider  than  preorliitiil,  its  front  behind  lip  of  maxil- 
lary; 5  rows  of  RruleH  ou  ohc!i*k ;  lowvr  lip  not  di-Bcrihed;  lifth  donial 
8]itno  bi;.;lR>(it;  Hoft  ilorKal  ami  unal  rvacltinju;  oaiidal ;  pootorula  to  vout. 
l>urk  brown,  lleckod  with  pulf. ;  -1  to  7  o«>Hated,  vertically  expanded 
bbkck  Hpot.H  no  nidd  helow  durHivl  lin ;  an  ocellated  blatvk  spot  on  ba«c  of 
tail  aliovt!  1iit<«nil  line;  gido  with  10  or  12  faint  dark  urofw  bands.  Mod- 
clova,  Coiihnila,  Mexico,     ((iarnian).     (/mron<iccNJt,  like  a  penrock.) 

IltroM  panmOAtftu.  liAEMAN,  liiiU.  Mim.  (UiiQ|i.  /ixil.,  VMl,  03,  1881,  Sprine  near  Mooclova 
in  CoBhuila,  Mexico;  JonuA.N  &,  iULBKUT.  S.niop«i8,  980,  18S3. 

1040.  IIEROK  ILTIFBOXN,  Kner  vie  Stoindaohncr. 

H6!vd2J!;  deptli2i!.  D.  XVI,  II ;  A.  V,  8  or  9.  Snont  rather  hi^h,  width 
of  preoibitiil  more  than  that  of  orbit.  .lawK  miuMl  in  li'D^th.  Kve  con- 
sidi'iably  iirnrtT  to  end  ofopurcnlnm  tUiin  to  that  of  xnont,  floraiit  Bpines 
of  niodiTiite  1**n^th  and  gtreiigtb.  lAivvor  li]i  ilitatvd  into  a  lube  on  onch 
Hidt\  which  is  broadest  tKdiiiid.  Scales  ou  ebwk  in  -l  or  5  Kcriea.  Body 
with  4  or  5  dark  verticnl  baniU,  *  each  band  with  a  darker  blot<;b;  acat- 
t«red  fieiirl-coJnred  dotn  nil  ttwr  body  ;  »  d.'irk  Hpot  on  middle  of  root  of 
caudal  till.  Istlniius  of  Panama  and  rioiitbward.  (Kner&  Stnindachner.) 
(alln$,  hiKh;  froim,  forehead.) 

Iltrv  a!ti/run;  K.vbh  A:  Stkiniiai^iiner,  SIlEgebor.  buyer.  Aklid..S3S,  1883,  New  Granada; 
Abhiuiill.  (layer.  Akatl.,  x,  11,  ur.  2.  tl|ic.  1 ;  OnimiKR,  Fiah.  Ct-ntr.  Am.,  4.'>tt,  1808. 


in4T.  lIKflOS  BRANl,  .Iivnlaii. 

iMojjUik.^  Vekuk.) 

H.jmI  :1;  depth  2\.  D.  XVI,  11 ;  A.  V,  8;  goales  4|-30-l2.  Ilody  oblong, 
coRiprescieil,  the  back  moderat<4y  eto\'ated ;  profile  gibbous  at  na|ie,  de- 
presses! and  ••oHPave  above  eyes,  thenne  HtraijjJit  to  tip  of  suout,  which  is 
short  and  rtithi-r  nhurp ;  Hooiit :{  in  hoail;  eye  miuiII,  .IJ  in  head,  IJi  in  the 
sli^jhtly  i-on<^ave  iiitt'nirbit.'il  ttjiure;  lower  li]>  moilernbe,  its  fold  cootin- 
uouH,  withont  freTHim;  tei^th  tiiodt'r.it<i,  nuivillary  short.  Si  in  head;  lower 
jaw  sliglitly  projertin^;;  prcorbital,  'U  in  lie;ul ;  (>  rowti  of  ocaleson  cheek; 
edge  of  pri'opercli'  oblique,  Atnii};ht,  entire;  (fill  rakera  very  short,  ttaick- 

* Kdw  St  Hlcludikcliiur  iloiorlbo  thorn  ita  ' '  tcmitr,"  Inatcad  of  "/MMtm,"    (GDiithDr.) 


isli;  dorwvl  wpinea  low,  the  longest  »  little  abortertliaii  Hiioiit;  soft  dorsal 
and  niuil  «l(*v:tted,  poiiilwl,  thi'ir  tijiH  roachiu);  a  littlnptist  )>a8i^  of  cnndal, 
the  loiigeHt  rny  about  1|  iti  licadj  lia«(>>!  i>f  Hof't  dmsnl  and  itual  soinowhat 
Acaly  ;  raiidal  Hiibtriiiicato ;  vontiulH  reacliiiii;  beyond  pectorals,  ii<>»rly  to 
front  of  iinal,  H  in  bead;  jiectoralB  IJ^;  oriyriii  of  veiitra!  apiiio  uudi.4r{icc- 
toral  b»Ht).  Color  olive,  tho  ct'iititrH  of  niuiiy  Hcalcn  cm  xidi^s  uf  hody  und 
btad  paler  in  stuiie  xpi-niiiionii  (  9  T)  ami  darker  in  others  (SI);  siiU'i*  witli 
traces  of  about  i<  obscure  dark  cfohm  bur»,  wtiicb  uik  about  a«  wide  as  tfit< 
iutenipai^VH;  a,  faint  jxile  slruiili  from  below  <'y<>  to  nia\iUary ;  an  obsciiro 
blai'k  ujtot,  most  distinct  in  young  und  r:itlii>r  Iurg<T  tlian  ey<%  on  liiteral 
line  and  below  iduvcntli  and  twelfth  dorsnl  f*|iine8;  a  siniilar  spot  at  bn»e 
of  canilttl,  just  ;ibave  lutt<rnl  lin<-;  tins  olitaceous,  the  dorsalm,  caudal,  aad 
anal  with  rc»nndiMli  «pot.s  of  dark  idivi>;  lower  HnH  doHky.  Adult  iu  life 
witli  a  bl;trk  npiit  on  laili  scsIk,  tlieitc  funning  aeries)  tjr«t  dorsal  edged 
with  dark  red,  the  2  black  Idotcliea  and  bla<*k  bars  obsolett',  Vnuti);, 
light  olive,  banded  with  darker,  with  tlve  bars  ;ind  IdotcheH  distinct;  no 
blue,  yellow,  or  red,  Leu^tb  i  in  H  inehcH.  liio  Fresidio,  Ma/.atlan;  a 
very  abundant  species,  t)i«  nortli4'nuuo«t»f  the  family  on  tlio  I'aci lie  coast; 
used  as  food.  (Named  for  l>r. Tark-toii  llotTiiian  Itcau,  iiow  director  of 
the  New  York  Aquarium,  "iu  rccopiition  of  bia  researches  in  American 
ii'hthyolofjy.") 

llftv  braiii,  JnitDAM,  Ptoc.  U.  .S.  Nat.  Mas.  lB8t),  3:12,  Rio  Presidio,  near  Mazatlan.  (Types 
Him.  S7UB,  a<]<l  371«.    «'ntl.  Ali»tn>:i»p  Fiirrwr) ;  JonuAN,  Proc.  fill.  Ac.  S<;i.  189r.,  473. 

inis.  HKIIOS  TKTIUrASTIIfK  (Cin  ler  A.  Viil^niifnii««). 
(VlA.IArA.) 

Head  2|  to  3;  ilepth  2i.  V.  XV  or  X\l,  10  to  12;  A.  IV  or  V,  7  to  !); 
scales  5-:W  or  .'U-lti ;  pores  of  la  tent  I  liue  lK-f-12.  Ileail  im  lon^  a!«  hi|;li, 
with  the  upper  prolile  concave  aliove  eyes;  snout  of  :nodcrate  extent,  itj) 
length  i  that  of  head;  cleft  of  month  very  oblicjue,  not  estendiug  to 
below  anterior  uiarjj;in  of  eye ;  low'er  jaw  proniinoiit;  proorbit.al  rather 
narrower  than  orbit,  diameter  of  which  ir*  ii  loni;th  of-bea<];  tntf^rorbitul 
space  wider  than  orbit,  its  naked  portion  Hat;  eye  inimedi:itely  below 
upper  profile,  nearer  to  extremity  of  nnoitt  than  to  that  of  operciilniu. 
Kcales  ctenoid,  those  on  clieck  finiall,  in  7  hori?^ontiil  and  10  vertical 
series;  boAal  iiorttou  of  vertical  fins  scaly;  unnut,  preorbital,  and  lower 
JBW  naked;  scatea  bet'otti  dorsal  varying;  ninch  iufll>:e;  dorsal spiiioB rather 
feeble,  nearly  i  that  of  head;  soft  ilornal  and  anal  snraewliat  elevated  in 
middle,  extending  slightly  beyond  bnse  of  caudal;  nnal  spines  of  moderate 
leiiljth  and  HtreiiKth;  caudal  rouuileil;  pectoral  rounded,  eijnal  iu  length 
to  diHtance  of  Buoiit  from  imaterior  uiarfjiivof  preopcrcutum,  about  roach- 
ijig  to  tips  of  ventralH;  ventral  pointed,  orijjin  of  ventral  spine  iinderpec- 
toral  IioKe,  a  little  more  than  i  leti},'th  of  head,  not  extending  to  vent;  '2 
pores  near  an^le  of  o])«'rclc ;  tocth  in  Juwh  forming  a  Itaud,  tlione  in  outer 
ueriea  enlarged;  lower  pb;irynycal  Nouiewhat  lon/:;or  tbim  broad,  with 
•hort  c.irdifonit  teeth,  tho.se  in  niiddtu  of  it.n  puatcrior  |  obtii^idy  conical 

nooliu-like.     Fold  of  lower  lip  coutinnnu^  in  luiddlo;  7  aeriea  of  acales 


1540         BulUlin  ^7,  UnUfd  States  National  Museum. 


nil  choek.  Browniah;  eai-h  Kcale  with  a  ditrk-lirown  spot  at  baoe,  th» 
HpotH  farTniTt<:;  l(in(;itii<lina1  H^ricH;  miir>;inH  of  priMtpprRiiIiini  with  sevsral 
iiiniilar  npntii;  a  pair  of  (Inrk-brown  Hpot«  in  axil  of  pnetoriil,  ono  Rnperi- 
orly,  tliu  otter  interiorly  ;  doriul  fiu  witk  ubNitloto  brovfu  spots,  tbe  other 
fins  inmuiculiiK-;  4  w<»ll-iiiarke<l  ilark-browu  bni-jtliwiHw  Btreaks  onhcati, 
thi'  lir«t  from  posterior  margin  of  eye  to  an;;|e  of  opercie,  the  a«oond  on 
lownr  edge  nf  eyo,  the  tliini  iiliove  iiu^lo  of  nioiitb,  tbo  fourth  a  little 
IikIow  it;  thu  l»8t  l{  I'xtmKlii]^  over  tho  opercli-g;  dorsal,  niial,  and  caudul 
with  lar;,'*  dark  Mpotw.  Leuj,'t]i  C  iuchea.  Rivors  of  Cuba;  loi-.ally  coni- 
luou;  a  food  liMh  of  aome  importance.  Here  described  from  »  sjhecimeii 
fr(»ui  Kio  Almondarea,  Cnha,  4^  inches  in  length,  {rirpa,  fonr;  anarfta, 
flpino. ) 

r<i»<riirrAiu   Utraeanihu*,   Cl'VIKR  «l   ValknoiKIOIBS,   Hint..  Nat.  rniitii.,    VII,  400,    U3I, 

Cuba. 
OhnimU  /u»co-T/nie«ltttM*,Oi"toaiwaT,  Kanion  Je  In  Sncra,  Hint  lli-  CuUu,  I'uisH.,  78.  pi. 2, 

flg.  3, 18»),  Havana. 
Aeara  Jittcu-tnarulata,  (iCNTHKB.  r«t.  Fi»ln-a.  I V,  282.  1802. 
J«ara (<!Xra«i»(/iiui,STBiNDAiiiNKa,  C'lirnmliLi'u  Mi'Jjc<i«.  i,  ISM. 

617.  THERAPS.  (.iiiiither. 

]7i«ra;ij,G(l!>TBKR,  Cat.  FiHhOK  Brit.  Mua.,  IV,  IBi,  1802  iirrrgularit). 

Body  compressed,  ol)loii)5,  covere<!  with  inndcrHt«  ctenoid  8c.'i.l»8,  tboBo 
nf  the  lateral  liuci  nut  enlarged;  toeth  ennica],  in  iv  bund ;  month  siu^ill, 
the  lower  jaw  includud;  douloH  on  cbei'kn  Mninll;  nill  riikern  .tliort,  hiniiy; 
(loraal  and  anal  not  Hcaty ;  cmal  apines  nornially  '1,  sometimeti  4.  Ceutml 
America. 

{fiepatp,  slave,  probably  rriiiii  some  n'HenilihviH'o  lo  Thrrapon  thtrnpt,  au 
Kant  Indian  lisb  alli<><l  to  i'lmnidaxit.) 

ttMli.   THKKAI'S   lltKKVIMItlN.  (iiintlicr. 

Head  31;  depth  3J.  1).  XVI,  V.\;  A.  V,  ii;  scales  4-35-14.  Head 
longer  thiin  hi>;h;  snout  couiproHsed  iiiul  proniineiit,  its  length  {  that  of 
head,  and  ne^irly  twif:e  nidth  of  t>r1)it;  i-loft  uf  luouth  rather  aniall, 
esteDdio}r  bni'kwanl  aonu-rvluit  ))cliind  thi'  vrrtic:il  from  nostril;  upper 
J!iw  slightly  overlapping  lower;  terth  in  .1  narrow  Imtid,  tlioso  of  the 
oiit«ir8<>riefS  largewt;  proorbital  soiuowhsit  wider  than  orbit,  its  width  beiug 
equal  to  that  of  iiiterorbital  space,  which  is  riittior  coiivpv;  eye  immedi- 
.itely  \i«lo\v  tijtper  profile,  its  ceutvr  beiuK  a  liltlo  behind  middle  of  leng^tb 
of  head.  Scales  on  check  Rninll,  in  (5  obtiipm  wries.  Po.sti<rior  limb  of 
prcoptirciihim  longer  tbsin  tho  inferior  and  drsremling  obIii|ncly  forward; 
Nrak'HOii  o]n'rc-lL's  as  lj«rgi>  sia  those  on  nct'k  ;  tboito  near  base  of  dorsal  and 
on  abdoitiuu  very  small.  Scales  ctenoid;  dorMil  tin  commeucing  above 
riMit  of  VLMitral,  and  not  araly;  spiuoH  of  moderate  lougtli  and  strength, 
length  of  tlio  1il"t«>fnth  •  that  of  head,  soft  portion  not  I'xtundingto  caudal, 
if  [aid  liarliward;  tho  diNtaiico  between  dorsal  uiid  caudal  equals  that  of 
the  cxtTemtty  of  snout  from  jioxterior  margin  of  orbit;  candal  rounded; 
lie-ntoriil  shorter  than  ])<*jul ;  veulrnl  R])ine  only  \  aa  long  as  fin,  and 
enveloped  in  akin  together  with  tbe  tirat  aoft  ray;  fiu  not  extending  to 


vuut;  onter  brnni'hial  sircb  ]irnvide<l  with  »bort  boniy  processes;  lawi-r 
pharyugeal  broader  tU.ui  long,  the  l:iteral  Ijatvas  not  firmly  iiuitctd,  armed 
with  villifi^rm  ti'ntli,  and  witli  '2  rowa  of  atnmger  lunicul  teoth  along 
the  middlf.  Riiltlisholivt',  iiuirblnd  willi  blackiHb,  tbn  latter  color  form- 
iiiR  7  rather  irregular  trimsvcTsu  bamlB,  Hiiuie  of  wliirli  exteud  ou  durnal 
I'lu;  belly  ailvivry,  iiiurblcd  with  UlurkiKh;  uiicrcleK  audHoiiicBralcsoiibody 
» ith  biuu  <Iiit«.  I^titigtb  6  inches.  O'uutoiuala.  (Giiutber.)  (irregiilarin, 
irrej;ular.) 

Therapt  irrtgalarU,  GUNTIICit,  Cat.  Fiabt«,  iv,  'tM,  1602.  Ouatemala.     (Cull.  Sulviu.) 
Hfrut  irrfffutarit,  Gl'.tTIUII,  FInlittx  Cttiitr.  Am.,  407,  pi.  7N,  fig.  2,  18(!9. 


6iB.  NEETROPLUS,  (iiinlhor. 

\rrlrnjiluii,  lil'NriiEK.  FIhIi,  OdI.  .\iu.,  i6»,  1801)  (nematnpui). 

This  genus dillVra  from  NeroHiiud  i'lchlimoma  rhicfly  in  huviug anteriorly 
a.  row  of  Hilt  iiK^JHor-lik)'  teeth,  bebinil  wbieih  In  a  bmul  of  villifonai  ti'elli. 
Ceutrui  Ametiia.  (I'eos,  uew;  Ktrnjilim,  ii  reljited  gunii.H  foiuid  in  ludiu; 
i/rpo^,  alMlonieiu  ;  ititXay,  arniatnr«}, 


I 


a.  Dorsttl  ra.vK  XIX.  W:  anal  ntyn  VIII,  7. 
aa.  Dorsal  rujii  XVIII,  11  -.  uniil  rayrt  VII,  7. 


NKMATOPIS,  11151). 
NICAHAUl'fc.NaiB,  lU'i). 


ID.'iU.  M'lKTBori.lIN  NKMATOPI  K,  tliiDther. 


Head  3j ;  depth  2J.  D,  XIX,  10;  .\.  VIII,  7;  i^cnlea  5i-»4-12.  Head  an 
lii^h  as  long,  with  an  ailipoHe  |»roininenfi>  overeyo,  which  renders profihs  of 
rorL-hi^udsoincwliat  a(iru;»t;  Hnniit  rathi-r  i^ainpn'Hsed  and  proitnut^iit,  length 
of  snout  i  that  of  hewl,  and  luojii  than  width  of  orbit,  wliii-h  ia  nearly  | 
length  of  hedd;  rUft  of  nioutb  Minall,  exteiuliug  backward  souiowhat 
bidiiiid  vertical  Iroiii  niwtril;  Jaws  pinial  in  front;  tci'tb  in  a  band,  those 
of  Kilter  serioa  geiiuiiio  iucisois,  which  appear  tn  Iki  n<placed  by  .mualler 
oni'H,  standing  behind  in  a  baud;  incisors  V;  prcorbital  widtT  than  eye, 
eipial  ill  width  to  ititerorbital  sjiai-o,  wbit-h  iaeouvo.\:;  uyontsnnu-distauoe 
from  iippnr  profile,  iifiarcr  t<»  end  of  opercln  than  to  Ihal  of  mioiit;  Bcalen 
till  (jhi:e»k  aiuall,  in  atxtut  r>  obliijuo  siTies;  jio.sterior  limb  of  iireoptTcuInni 
about  twice  as  Jnug  au  the  inferior,  tmd  descending  obliipu'ly  forward ; 
Healea  on  opercluH  iis  lar<^i-  an  thoHti  on  ncrk  ;  tlioso  uear  base  of  dorsal  and 
on  ubdotiien  very  Bniall ;  dors.il  lin  <'oninien<'iTig  ubovo  vertical  from  hinder 
uiiugiri  of  operculum;  dorsal  and  anal  scaly  at  bnae;  npinog  ral her  strong 
th«>  sixteenth  dorsal  S])iu6  nearly  t  leugtli  of  head;  soft  portions  of  both 
lin»  produced,  reaching  beyond  middle  of  caudal;  caudal  triineated;  pec- 
toral fihortcT  than  head;  loiter  ray  of  ventral  prodnccd  into  a  filament  as 
long  as  tbo  tin;  fold  of  lower  jaw  inlerru])ted  in  middle;  5  scries  of  scalea 
on  cheek.  Brovvni.sli  olive,  with  irregular  darker  cloiidM.  Length  4j 
iiichoH.  Lake  Maoagua,  Nicaragua.  ((iUuthur. }  (rif/ia,  thread;  itouf, 
toot. ) 

SulTOfiut  neiimloiju:  (irxTiiKS,  Finh-CHntr.  Am.,  470,  [il.  71,  Sg.4, 1800,  L.ake  Managua, 
Nlcarag^ua.     <Ctjll.  Capt.  I>aw.) 


1542  liulkliu  47,  Untied  States  National  Museum. 


1051,  XKETRIkPLrK  MC'AB*«rGN8IS  OiU  A  linuuftird. 

Hoivil  Hhort;  depth  2^.  D.  XVIII,  11;  A.  VII,  7.  Snout  cudvox  forward 
und  HiibtriiticiitiHl  iu  rmttt;  length  (or  deptb)  of  anont  cqutilLn^  nearly  \ 
thiit  of  Lend;  int^^rt>bit!ll  nrca  riinvex;  preopcrcnluni  mo<lc*rately  obliqiio; 
•iipniiitaxillArioH  teniiin:iting  at  a  vertical  about  »  pupil's  length  in 
iiiIv;iii(o  of  orbits;  lips  iiiodoralely  ilevolopi-d,  the  1ow<t  iiiterniptrd  by 
a  liroud  isthaiUH  in  front ;  caudal  peduuclo  slundcr,  its  longtli  (M|uuliii<;  ita 
hi-if;l)t;  dor«nl  Bjiiiios  iiuTeasiiig  in  a  litdd  curve  from  lirst  to  fifth,  the  rent 
Kiilieiinal;  the  K»lt  riiyM,  when  bent  back,  r<-a<°hinK  nearly  t-o  terminal  half 
of  caiuliil;  aiiat  fTti  uiiiiinieMiciii^  ttboiit  niidor  fourteenth  dorsal  spine,  the 
lin<t  H  Mpiiii>H  r^i[il<lly  iiu-rc'iHiri^,  the  ftucccmiiiig  more  Mowly.  the  longOHt 
rays  reitcliiu^  tn  secuiul  tbird  of  (.'Hiid^tl  tin  ;  caudal  fiu  forming  about  \  of 
oxtreriiu  len(!;tb,  it«  jmnterior  margin  triiniMitcd;  [it-rtoral  ftu  Hxteoding  to 
.ibixit  It  verlioal  with  thu  anus;  ventrLi!  liu  Iu  about  the  third  or  fourth 
anal  H]iiiu!,  tlici  tilaniout  of  tho  cxtertinl  ray  titodonttely  produce<l.  Color 
olive  brown,  almost  uuifurm;  ticia  also  itiiiforni,  save  that  perbapa  the 
Hoft  piirtiou  of  dorsal  and  uuut  iiti- darker  iit  baa(i.  Lake  Nicaragua.  (Gill 
&  Bransford.) 

Xtrtrophu  niearogiinuU.  <iii.L  A    liiu.\BiroRii,  Proc.  Au.  Nut,  SoL  Thila.  1877,  186,  Lake 
Nicaragua. 

619.  SATANOPERCA,  (WiuthiT. 

(PaI'PATEKRAS.) 

neophagvt,  Hcc'KSL,  nnwil.  Flaaa-Fisriio.  Ann.  Wien.  Mtia.  1840,  383  {furinatMntUu 

Ilody  cotnpressoil,  oblong,  covon-d  with  uiodcrate,  ctenoid  scales;  <jyc 
behind  middle  of  bead;  mouth  moderate,  the  te<-th  very  small,  I'ouical,  iu 
ufirniw  bauds;  fold  of  lower  lij»  tnJomiptiMl  me.sially;  pronrbital  deep; 
dorMal  spines  Kl  to  15;  anal  spines  3;  basoof  soft  dorsal  u;tk«d;  cheek 
with  small  bcaIbb;  outer  gill  arch  provided  with  a  couipn'ssud  lauiellifomi 
lobe  ;ibovi>,  its  concave  side  provided  with  abort  horny  processes,  the  edge 
of  ihc  lobe  with  mtirt*  or  less  distinct  papillti'.  Fresh  waters  of  Itrar.il  and 
IVni;  1  KpH'ciea  entering  our  liiuit.9.  This  goiius  is  very  close  to  Gt^pha- 
gut,  wKli  wliiili  SttMndachueraiid  Eigenmauu  have  rGiinitcd  it.  The  soft 
dorsal  is  scaly  at  baso  iu  (ieuphaijus.  {6aTttytii,  a  di'riiou ;  irepMt/,  jiercli; 
the  type  siiccies  wu.m  railed  a  devil,  Geophagut  d(rmon,  for  no  ubvions 
reason.) 


ivm.  S.lTA>'OrEItCI  ( lUSSLLABRIK  (8toliiiln<  linor). 

Head  21;  depth  2^;  eye  5  in  bead;  snoot  If;  niaxiliury3;  mandible  3. 
n.  XVI,  if;  A.  Ill,  *<;  siab's  5-;G-9.  Body  short  and  stout;  suout  long, 
tbti  doTBul  otitlini'  abruptiv  and  strongly  arched  above  the  eyes,  forming 
:t  proiniui^ut  hum]);  ventral  outline  gently  curved;  caudal  pednucle  long 
and  slender;  mouth  inodonite.  little  oblii|uc.  inavillary  not  reaching  more 
tbau  it  distance  to  vertical  of  orbit;  ]iremaxtllarie8  protractile;  upper  lip 
with  abroad  Jla|i  iu  front,  and  strougly  resenibling  that  of  llrrot  lohocki- 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  Amcrita.     1543 


7h«,  iMit  uot  i!xt«iule<I  in  a  long  llap;  lower  Ii{t  part't'd  iu  tlii-  luiddlei  and 
depending;  ou  eacli  Hidu  tm  a  (lu]i;  Jjiwh  each  with  ii  Inttitl  of  kiiiiiII  Utctli, 
t)ii'  liatid  iiirroasiii^  ra-pidly  in  width  t<jwiird  tliB  froiit,  llu*  mitur  teetli 
aoiinnvh.it  <'ii]iirfji-il,  tluMr  tips  (roldi'ii  linnvn;  tlio  Bniall  dul-!tLat>»d  uOKtril 
ncurer  <-^c  tliiin  Hiimit;  jireorbitJil  ulioiit  twicn  d iiiiiiet.<ir  of  oye,  twice  :i.s 
lonfif  as  widi",  anil  witliout  si  ali>n;  i)|ier<'U<  siiid  jireopercle  entirnly  ticalvil, 
the  inturopiTfle  Bciilfli^xH.  |i()rH;il  HpiiicH  irtodtirntii,  the  lenf;th  of  the  lirst 
:t)ioiit  'Z  ill  eyo,  thjit  of  tlio  *iij;hth  Jiliiiiit  fj  i*ye ;  soft  dorsal  f;ik:ato,  tho 
lirat  rays  prudiiuod,  ru-iH-bini;  iiiiddli:  uf  ciiiidal,  Ij  iu  li»adj  iiiiul  riiys 
atroug,  gr.tdiiiiU'd,  tlxe  third  i<i|iia1  ti>  li-ii;;th  of  luii^eHt  dorHul  ttpiiio;  Hoft 
IH>rtion  of  iiiiiil  fskh-Rtt*,  rt'si'inldin^  the  corrcHiiiiudiiig  piirt  of  the  domdl, 
th6  rays  of  aliont  the  name  Icngl  h  ;  poctoriil  rcat-liinff  oriyiu  of  ituril,  1 J  in 
houd;  VL-ntriil  falcatu,  thu  lirnt  ruy  prodiiood  aud  nearly  as  long  m  pec- 
toral, thi*  Hpinit  uipial  tu  third  anal  Kpiiie.  Anterior  portion  i>f  lateral  line 
with  W  pori'ft,  the  posterior  part  with  about  12,  tin*  line  lirokeu  under  th? 
last  dorhiil  layB.  Color  in  alrotiol,  browtiish  above,  lower  parts  yoUowish, 
the  Hcales  ttordored  with  dark  brown ;  traces  of  -1  or  5  darker  crotui  bars; 
cheek  Idiio.  Panama  (Steiiiduchner),*  not  seen  by  nu.  {rratutt,  thick; 
\ahr\im,  lip.) 

(hophaffut  {Salanojirrca)  eratMabrU,  STr.uil>krHXKU,  Ulitli.  Boitr.,  V,  17,  p!.  7.  1870,  Uth- 
mus  ot  Panama,  near  Candelaria. 


I 


Family  TUX.     nOMAfKNTRID.T:. 


(TlIK    DkSUHSKM.K!*.) 


Body  Bbort,  deop,  fonipresscd,  rorpred  with  ctenoid  Bcales  of  varying 
size;  lati-ral  lino  wanting  posteriorly;  month  snn»ll,  nmiiilly  with  rather 
slroup  teeth,  either  conio  or  inciMoi-like;  vomer  and  palatines  toothless; 
nOAtrtl  (iiiifile  on  omh  side,  nearly  round:  inooperclo  with  it«  posterior 
edge  largi'ly  free,  serrate  or  entire;  preorbiljil  sheatliintj;  the  Knial)  nuixtl- 
lary;  dorsal  fin  single,  with  nunirroiia  «troug  spinoa,  the  »pinon8  ]iortion 
longer  than  the  soft,  whirh  m  situilar  to  the  aoft  anal,  both  linssc-al}  at 
base;  anal  spines  IJ;  vetitvnl  tiuHi  thoraiic,  1,  5.  the  anterior  ravf-  loiigodt, 
nsnally  iilanicntoiis;  a  Bc-aly  appendage  at  base  of  vmitral.  l>ower  jiliar- 
yngeais  fully  united  ;  liram'hiustetruls  5  to  7;  gills  3J,  the  slit  behind  the 
l.'wt  gill  very  small  or  olisolete;  gill  taken-  rather  long  and  fsleiidcr;  no 
labyririthiforin  appendage;  air  bladder  and  pBendoliranehin-  present; 
pyloric  ca'ca  2  or  It;  gill  nienibranen  freo  fnuo  the  iNthnms.  ^'^>rt<»brin 
tS-f-l-t^-B.  Kifihea  <d'  tin'  tropical  seas,  similar  iu  mode  of  life  to  the 
Clurlodontida-,  feeding  on  small  niaiinr  animal:«  aud  plants  iu  thu  coral 
reefs.  fJenera  15;  species  ahuut  180,  inont  of  them  too  Huiall  to  be  used 
a.s  food.  They  are  very  active  iu  life  and  the  coloration  ih  uaually  bril- 
liant, sometimes  'tiangiug  much  with  ag<\  The  family  shows  strong  afUni- 
tics  with  the  iMtiritUr  in  its  gill  strnctnrcs  and  pharyngeals.  In  other 
respects  it  approaches  the  lujjihofithv,  while  the  unique  character  of  tbo 
simple  nostril  in  shared  with  the  CiehUdo:  only,  from  ancestors  of  which 


1.111  Bulletin  47 y  United  States  Nnlional  Museum. 


leBComluci.     (Powarm/rftffr,  Glinther, 


groapthe  Po««af*«trtdrr  are  probably 
Cat.,  iv,2-W.) 

I.  Scalea  li>rg(>, 'iS  to  40  bi  li<iii;tbwi»u  iiurie«. 
PoMACKSTBINjC: 

a   Tmtli  lixml.  voniiuil  or  inclMirUke,  oovering  newlj  the  whole  free  «dg(>  nf  each 

lawi  <-amir<irouii  HpvciwH. 
/>.  Tentli  otiiijual,  in  'i.  tu  A  aurioa,  the  outer  onlarK»l  sn<l  liliintUbi  priKiprrvIv 
onltrp;  M^ltrfl  lar^u. 
e.  liudy  sli^nilrr.  thi>  (tepth  about  \  U'lifiUt-,  lutoral  lirii<  aabooniplatu ,  tail 
dmrjily  lorkcil.  AxiiKi::^,  BSii. 

M.  lj4wl_T  oWoiig,  Ibitdvptb  }  Ui  I  lotii^tli'.  Uleritl  line  wantinf;  ou  tall. 

Chbomis,  621. 
lAi.  Twt  b  iiKin<  nr  leu  tlatleoorl  or  inciiiiirlike,  in  1  or  2  Mirios. 

i(.  rr(KiiH<rrli<,  unci  iiHtiiLlI}  [ireorlitlnl  kIbo.  sharply  aerrat*'. 

f.  Twiij  <iitlr<.>.  strictly  iiiiiwrlal  in  eurb  jaw;  prrorbilal  not,  vcrj- 
dtwp,  ilH  edge  not  atitclied ;  Miou t  aoaly ;  Inworjuw  daUimI. 

KuroM-iCKirrutja,  ffj; 
Ad.  Preopercle  ami  preurbibil  ntrictly  ml  ire  ^  Bmmt  iiaknl. 

/.  8ii1>cirliitn]8  entirely  lulnntc  to  Uu<  vlR'oka.  NkXlljlRilib,  623. 

ff.  SiilK>rbil»blN  not  ndfiat-o  1o  tliiv  obooks- 

;/.  Tit'lli  criiitr^notrrnr  V  nhapod;  preorbital  uioilvrate. 

A  BunBrotiF,  634 
gg.  Teeth  entire  i  preorliltnl  vxrydeop.  HTrSYI>DPS,  033. 

U  icuMisrAtn  otwirri  n.«  : 

oa.  leetb  movabU-,  iiuinor-likc,  in  1  row  on  Iruut  i>r  pmb  Jaw^  the  luwor  Jaw 
wruk,  witli  twtb  nliiug  it*  front  only;  pro.ipirclo  aud  prcorbjlal  entire, 
HniMit  »oalod  alni<wt  t4B  Iip8;  pr-eorbitiil  noti'b*Ml  bt^Miid  nottlcii,  lower  lin)b 
of  jireopercit-  atuleil;  mifi  dornni  uud  aual  elevated;  randai  deeply  forketl , 
•oft  anal  ratbur  long,  of  H  or  IS  rayit;  bcrbiTuroux  Hjietien. 

MiCBOSPATBOtKM,  6^. 


620.  AZURINA,  .loni.'iu  i.<t  McGregor,  new  ^euas. 

IfHrtno,  .TriftDA!*  ii.  Mil  luKuoK  MS.,  l^'iabpa  i.l  Ibc  I!ovllin;;ii;tMlii  Ii.i«tid»,  1898  (himndo\ 

This  gfiiiiiw  is  tloiitily  nllied  tci  fhromiii,  from  wbiih  it  diftVra  in  tho  long 
ami  sleiiiler  bmly,  II1B  low  vertic:il  tins,  thii  very  deeply  forked  tail,  the 
pointed  snout,  :ind  OH|iciciiilly  in  the  L-ontinunus  Intumi  liuo  whiuh  extt-uds 
luiirli  beyond  the  durMul  liu  uud  is  wautiuj;<;  on  but  3  or  3  aoaleo.  (aturen*, 
blue. ) 

l»a».  .\Z:i'l{IXk  lllRIMHn  Jordnn  &  McGregor,  new  i)|ieclea. 

Hciiil  t  iu  length;  dp^ptli  Ht  l>.  XII,  11;  A.  II.  H;  st-iilesSI;  niaxilliirv 
.3  iuhoad;  »'y«-  Ij;  poitor:il  1;  vontnv!  1*;  loti^cot  d«>riiAl  Hpine  Sg,  longi^st 
»oft  ray  1 ;  si'cuud  anal  sjiiiielU,  iQujiost  Buft  rny  3;  cuiidiil  lobca  H;  niiddlv 
riiudal  rayw  ■!.  Body  ekm^atii  I'llipticid,  slcndi-r  iind  aymiueiricnl ;  mod- 
erately oomitresaetl ;  BUoiit  acute;  protilc  sligftitly  il«'prv8.s©tl  ;ibove.  Eye 
niadernte,  InrKortliiin  in  n-lated  species;  niiixilliiry  reiichiug  to  l>i>!ow  front 
uf  t-yu.  Teeth  fuiiical,  rather  few  aud  smrill,  iu  nsirrow  bands  «>r  uLinoat  a 
Hin;;lu  serii's  Preorbit;i!  vt-ry  naiTow,  nbunt  1  rve;  Biiborbital  hiildcn  by 
HCiiloB,  I'leoperrle  narroiv,  liir;;ely  fre<',  its  ed^o  slijjbtly  creniilate;  gill 
nikerH  ;*6,  linij;  and  sb'iidcr;  bead  covorod  •with  smiill  sciiles  ovcopl.  throat 
:md  tip  of  suuut;  thusu  on  body  largo  aud  ctenoid;  lutvnil  line  strongly 
cMirved,  coutinnoui,  extending  downward  along  ths  tail,  wanting  on  2  or 


Jordan  and  Evennann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1546 


3  scales  only.  Candiil  deeply  forked.  Color  deep  stcul  bluo  .-ilKive,  slightly 
piiler  below  with  \\  tiDKauronin^o  ;it  tliroiit.  rectorul  lijilit  yellow.  <1uiiky 
at  buii«;  other  titia  black,  lnh-Ii  with  a  narrow  vvLitiMh  edge.  Wust  t-uaHt  of 
Mexico.  Tfari'e  epecimenA  from '•iimlalupe  ]Hlim<I,  oiicli  dt  itioh<-a  long.  A 
beantifal  Usb  with  a  Bymoietric-iil  outline,  aansual  in  tbis  family,  (hirnndo, 
»  swiiUow,) 


AmriHa  himndo,  JoBliAM  &  McOreook,  new  speoim,  Guadalupe  Iiland. 
Crittenden  UcGregor.) 

631.  CHROMJS,*  C'Hvior. 


(CoU.  Blokartl 


(Chaukfe-Soleils.  ) 

CkTomit.  CuviKR,  MemolTii  do  iiaK,  iVKiit.  Mat.  1815  Ichromis). 
ntliaui.  trifvuii  A  ValkWcikmkb*!,  IIl«t.  N»f,  PoIm,,  v, «.'>.  1830  {inMolatut). 
Furtaria.  Poev.  Metiiuria!i  Ciilia,  II.  UU.  1800  (puneta   -  multilineittiu). 
Ayrejtui,  CouPKR,  I*roo.  <.'ul.  Ac.  Sol.  Itl83, 73  (;ii«w*ijitnni») . 
UetiaHti,  GOmtuir,  oorrected  iip«Uliig. 

Body  oiiliiiig  or  ovate,  tlio  drptli  <!  to  i  tbu  teugtli  of  the  body  without 
candul.  Prcopercle  entire,  or  nearly  ho;  latiTsil  IIik*  Wiiiitiim  on  tail. 
Month  snitill;  t'««th  Hiiiall,  >'onical,  iu  2  or  luorv  seriuii,  tiio  outer  Herica 
enliirgwl  and  Miint.  Scales  rather  large,  24  to  30  in  ii  longitudinal  series; 
Kuborliit.'il  and  lower  jaw  scaly.  Uoraal  tin  with  12  In  1  I  (t])inea;  Oiiudal 
uioro  or  leoo  forked,  the  lolieu  rounded  or  acute.  KraucliioHtegals  nor- 
mally 5.  Pylorit!  c!C(!n  2.  liill  rakers  long  and  ulender.  Tropical  seus; 
Bpeoiea  nmneroua,  varying  con.sidorably  in  funu,  pcrhiips  divisible  luto  4 
genera:  Chromin,  Hflinae*,  Ayresia,  jiml  Fureitria.  {xpo(iii,  the  ancient 
name  of  some  li.sh,  probably  a  Sciii'Doi<l,  from  xpeita,  to  neigh,  from  tho 
noise  raado  by  th<"  fish  ;  ukiu  to  tho  Dames  Qruli tor,  Cruakor,  Drum,  liogfiah, 
Hurro,  Ronco,  Huncador. ) 

I.  Body  oblDo;,  eUiiitlc4i1.  i;rac«rnl  in  (nrm.  Hit-  uitidal  i>«duiii'|p  inng,  t)i*-  loir,  imintei). 
aoft  dorsal  und  uiial  uot  reac^biug  caudiil ;  luierurbital  Hpace  uarrow  aiiil  high ;  caudal 
deeply  furkMl,  ils  Inlx-s  acute. 
FUBt'iBl4  (/urea,  fork): 
a.  Dorsal  spiui-s  12:  snout  rathtT  tti-iitn. 

b.  Cnudnl  liii  with  a  bnmd  Ulbck  harder  uii  vucli  iuhe;  duraal  Idockisli,  tbnlast 
rnyt  )>ll^^.,  athilobatuci,  1954. 

bb.  Caudal  nil  witliuut  black  l«rdi'r,  pale  or  c>deod  with  vrauge, 

0.  Color  lirl)«ht  bltio,  with  a  violet  spot  on  cacli  sride;  caudal  traaslao?Dt 
behind.  CVANEltA,  IMS. 

ee.  Color  violet  bniwti;  a  blaok  H]Hit  at  base  of  |>crt(>ra);  a  lor^e  iiraii^i> 
apul  behind  lust  my  of  dorsal;  dark  streaks  along  the  rows  of  a<^ulea^ 
doruil  iiiKi  v'liudul  iid^'i't]  with  oraugo.  mixtiumlatcs,  ItM. 

ATIUC«IA:f 
041.  Donol  spinf.i  13 ;  snout  ulitiiHc. 

d.  C-olur  dusky  ulivp.  tho  vertical  tins  and  postorior  part  of  the  body  cov<.<rF<l 
with  rviiud  dark  spots.  I'CMCTIPIHVU,  IDiST. 


*  Xlie  name  Vfimmii,  originally  used  for  th«  I''iirop<<an  s|iecies  of  this  genas,  Ohromin 
thr9fnitl.=  Ohmmii  en*tatieu*  ot  aiithurs,  lina  lim-n  iuiprapcrly  transferrml  by  sworal 
writnra  to  un  AfVlcaii  ^trnus  of  i'u'htidtr,  Utr  wlircli  the  prup^r  iiaiuois  Tiiapia. 

I  Named  for  Dr.  SVlTliain  U.  A.vruK  (1817-[KttI),  foniicrl.v  of  llrookhaven,  LonglaUudi 
fur  luooy  years  tlio  icb  tbyolo^ist  uf  t  lie  California  Acodoniy  uf  .Soiouoea ;  an  earnest  student 
of  flaliea. 


3030 20 


1546  Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


II.  Body  oblOBK  or  0Tat4<,  ratbrr  di-cp,  t1i«  ratidal  pnduDote  nhort.  Cb*  last  ray*  of  •lormi 
•nd  lto»l  reaching  psot  buMi  «f  caudal;  oaudal  An  moiltreteljr  furknl.  lU  lubai 
montlf  roaiuled;  doriAl  apiaut  13  or  14. 
Hblubbs  (;)Aaa<ia,  to  gTOW  wanu  III  tbfr  «an) : 
t.  Dorsal  ipinea  13:  *  InlerorblUl  »p«i:v  t  bruiul  and  RattUb :  eye  lait;>  -  IxmIv  di^p. 
/.  Caiiditl  mid  othir  fin*  plain  daaky.  l.isoiJkTTS,  VKt. 

//.  Cau'lnl.  |Ki«l<'rii>r  liitlf  or  dura*!  iinil  anal,  and  whole  of  peetoraU,  ilMp  yellnw : 
u  blue  lioe  OD  nacb  aldu  of  lirud.  B.<(CB»taUBV»  1M0 

Subgenus  FURCARIA.  I'My. 

I»5<.  C  HUaniS  ITKIUIBATIIS,  GiU. 

Head  nbont  1}  in  totnl  length;  d«t>th  about  3).  D.XII,12;  A.II,12; 
»caU-B  4-^^2  or  :i3-10,  21  imrtiH,  Head  1un;;L<r  th:tii  high,  (he  forehead  siid 
»i;uiit  above  noiirly  reetiliiK-ar:  itit«rorI>it!il  area  tnuisvertMly  arched,  it« 
■wi(Uhe<ia!ilingfiiiiint«ti>rof  ••yu  ;  iiionpercle  obliqtii-,  its  lowerhalf  acarcoly 
oinnigiuiito,  \in  niiglt-  rniiuded;  uioiitb  siuall  and  very  oblique;  tt-eth 
conic,  curved,  i-utjtiiiii(>u«  to  thi^  anj^lM  of  tlie  nioutb,  larger  io  front, 
a  tranavfrsti  row  of  aiiiuller  uiica  behind.  Origin  of  domal  Hu  above  baae 
iif  ventruls,  spinoim  pnrtiuu  rstther  elevated,  ita  last  apinea  aborter  thnn 
the  prvi-ef'd)Dg;  Mttroiid  tiuat  8piui- ud  long  as  the  eucceeding  raya,  which 
am  nc<arl,v  unit'imu  nr  even  aligbtly  increiiac^d  toward  the  last;  the  caudal 
Jill  forma  morn  Ihan  a  i|u.irter  (.27)  of  the  extrenit-  length,  ita  lobea, 
e.siieciiilly  the  ii]>i)er,  prolonged  mid  pointed;  pectorals  long  and  bluntly 
Miigulatcd;  lirst  vftitial  ray  liliform  and  ei|ual  to  the  peotoraln,  ita  baae 
l)i-liiticl  that  of  the  iiet-tiiralN.  Color  olivacoiuis  (the  type  dcei»  green  from 
Ihu  '^tiiin  of  a  cojijier  tank),  the  dorsal  blackish  except  last  4  or  5  rays, 
which  aro  colork-SM;  a  very  diattiiit  spot  of  siilphnr  yellow  jii.«it  l>ehin<l 
dorHal  tin  estciidiug  oldiipiely  dovrnvr^inl  and  forward;  inargiua  of  caudal 
aliove  and  lulow,  black.  Length  about  I  inchca.  (Gill.j  Capo  San 
Lucahandaontliwanl;  rare;  2  or  3 apeoimena  knowu.  (nter,  bUkck;  lohatm*, 
lobed.) 

GhromU  iFunana\  olri^obota, : Gill,  Pmc.Ao.  Nal.8cl.  PhiU.  1802,  US,  Cape  St.  Lucaa. 

(('nil.  \aotU!(.)  * 

ChrumU  iitrilobala.  liiU.,  I'ruo.  Ac.  Nat.  Set.  Phila.  1M3.  330;  JOEDAM  &  ItlLSUT,  Prw. 

D.S.Xat.  Mu«.  IMO'J.SW. 

'  Id  tbe  Eun>iK<an  auligsniia  CAromU  thpre  are  11  dnr»slapim>ai  tb<<  bead  la  narrow, 
and  tbii  iiitcrorliilal  npiir<!  hijih  aitrl  iniindud  lui  iu  FurcnrUt  and  Ai/rrtia.  The  cuudail 
Itediiuclr.  iin  iu  llfliai^f*.  in  t^UuTt\t*U.  the  ih>raal  nail  until  ri\trliiiiK  pntil  truut  of  cjiiidal. 

I  Alrhoiifili  thetunu  xtKiilHirbital  urrn  in  Urtiatm  iromg  to  Itc  i|nili>  iiiiliki-  that  in  fSir- 
taria  mid  Chromit.  the  dlllVicucc  i«  muiuly  external.  Tho  hiipraocripital  crest  la  not 
exta'tHliil  4111  llu^  frciiitAlH  ill  ftoy  i*f  llieru.  It  ia  merely  a  lilllt^  Uiw«r  in  lieiiau^,  with  no 
otiirr  iieriiliaritii'i*  iu  ibnii  or  extenaiiin. 

;lJr.  Utintlier  luta  wrou)>l.v  identifled  (hia  !4p«ie«  with  llie  Brazilian  apeciea, 

ClIJtOMIS  MAHOINATUa  (Ca.iteln«a). 

Thp  tiilluwinc  notea  are  taken  on  apecimeui  uf  ('.  manjinatud  from  Ilahla.  Doraal 
apiora  12,  rather  low ;  m-alea  3-30-10.  Body  obloDg-elllpticnl,  with  lone  ''aiidal  pcdnncle; 
bead  narrow;  inti^rorbital  «puoe  lilgh.  ronndoil;  gill  rakers  niinivruiia,  lon^  una  nltrndcr; 
pectiiral  a  Httll^  ]uD(;t«r  Ihiiu  licud,  not.  «]iiitc  r^acliirit:  anal;  auft  domal  and  anul  Inw, 
pointed  behind,  not  reac hiiiK  baae  of  raadal;  nitircr  l<>t>«<  of  raudul  Icmgtint,  thi.  tiua  deeply 
torkrii.  i'ldiir,  liliiirh  olive,  n  Ulnrk  spot  witbin  axil  and  un  baae  of  lo-clorHl;  dorwl 
iilark.  pxceiit  ttiit  latt  rnya:  eni'li  lohc  of  tbe  pointful  caudiil  block,  the  niiddip  of  thi<  llti 
pale ;  irauva  of  'i  luugChwiao  alrlptia  uf  yellow  on  the  body.  Cloae  to  Chrumit  cyaneu*.  but 
witbutil  blue  apota  on  tb»  acalea. 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     1547 


l»S6.  CHBONIH  (:TA.\BrM  (Poey), 

Depth  3*  ill  total  length  with  caiidul;  eye  3  in  he»<l,  D,  XII,  12;  A.  II, 
VZ.  t'riililti  of  Hiiuiit  roi'iiieil  by  2  c(|iiiil  uurveti;  tipiier  lobe  of  the  c.autlaJ 
loDger  than  tbu  lower;  suft  iloi-sal  and  tmal  Iiif^hur  tli:in  in  multilineatun; 
ciikir  bright  rrussian  lilno  with  ;i  darkiT  violut  simt  ou  each  bcuIk;  hiii'k 
jiud  vertical  Jlus  darker,  ventral  puler;  posterior  part  uf  tlio  eandal  trann- 
inceut.     Leii(;th  120  uiiii.     Cuba.    (Pooy.)     {ciianeus,  /afityeoi,  hiae.) 

Funarin  cyanea,  foEy,  Klrinariiut,  u,  IIM,  |il.  14,  ttuH.  ti-i,  I860,  Havana. 
Htliatta  eyautut,  U UirraEB,  Cat.,  iv,  tM.  WB2. 

IB56.  rilKIIIIIS  Ml  LTIUNEATrN  (PiuichaDot). 

Head  31} ;  depth  2i ;  c-yo  :ii  in  hew).  »,  XII,  11 ;  A.  II,  12;  bvaEos  4-28-9. 
Body  elougatt',  both  curvatures  about  oi|nnl,  hcinl  Hlighrly  eoiicavc  in 
front  of  nye;  eye  loiv,  a  Hue  friHti  tip  of  Hiiuut  to  tip  of  ofiuj-cle  jiaHttiiig 
ttiiough  lower  edjfu  of  piijiil;  luaxilltiry  Klippiiij;  under  pruDi-bital,  itu  tip 
betdw  uiiterior  iiiarKin  of  mliit;  ,i  hunil  of  vtilit'onii  te(<tli  in  e.'icli  Jiiw,  in 
front  of  whit'h  is  a  Biiyj;ki  row  of  i-oiiical-poiiUuil  ti'ulh,  the  moHt  anterior 
Inrnei,  p«poL'juil,\  in  Iitwer  jiiw;  no  rt'utihir  Hiirrii- on  uiiy  of  fhu  oiicniirur 
boni'b,  but  the  prcopercle  slightly  roiifiih  at  angle,  opercio  with  a  Niu^le 
■ibtiiSH  point;  Hiioiit  u(|i)al  to  i^^ye;  lateral  line  coa.siug  on  front  of  end  of 
dorsal,  with  VJ  acali-g;  a  nericH  of  diRconnected  porta  along  aide  of  tail; 
fiMirthdoraal  mpiiitiliigLi-flt,  21  in  head;  soft  dnrtiEil  pointe<l,  the  tipa  re:ich- 
ing  b»8o  of  ciiuilitl,  longest  ray  1^  iu  head;  bcvuiuI  uual  spine  :3  in  head, 
ci|ual  to  Huft  r:iyf<;  pectoral  eipial  to  bend;  ventral  allglitty  lilaiuuntoua, 
reaching  piutt  rent,  1)  in  bend ;  axiliiiry  scale  and  scale  between  the  liim 
long,  attenuate;  caiKlal  ileeply  forked,  the  lobes  pointed  (the  njijier  lobe 
is  broken  oil,  wo  that  we  oaiiiiot  toll  vvhether  the  Ifdies  are  ei|nul).  Color 
in  alcohol,  back  dusky,  beciitning  paler  with  bitiitih  on  the  sideii,  with 
faint  linea  .-ilong  siileof  belly,  with  white  below;  dorKul  black,  the  hist 
■I  or  ">  rays  white;  middle  rays  of  caudal  whiti-,  iiu^er  rays  du(<ky;  anal 
slightly  tlusky;  pectoral  colorless,  the  axil  black,  the  black  Khowiug  iu> 
a  Kmall  blotch  at  ujiper  base;  ventralti  white;  a  Bul]ilu)r-yellow  blotch 
across  tail  beliiml  dorMal.  West  Indies,  Here  rlemTibcd  from  a  single 
specimeu  4J  inches  long  (No.  4'J<>;i  L.  S.  .Ir.  I'niv.  Mus.)  from  .Jamaica. 
Imullum,  many;  lineatiui,  lined.) 

Hellasm  tHulliUiieattu,  OL'ICBK.not,  Uiinioii  ilr  la  Sii^a,  I'oisa.,  Cuba,  TO,  pi.  2.  (Ig.  3,  1855, 

Havana;  iu  |utrt:  iKiDfiniLil  witb  liiiphtituii  inritnr.  GIVNTUEn.  Cot.,  iv,  M,I862. 
t'urtaria  fitncta,'  I'uBY,  Mi'innriai,  II,  Iffa,  lUiJO,  Havana, 
Chromi*  muUilintatut,  Jokdas  ic  Itr-rriiu,  I'nic.  Au.  Nat. Scl.Phila.  1817, 117. 


•  Poey'a  iloacrijition  of  Fiirearin  puHfta  i»  in  '4iib»tunru  lis  liiUui* » ; 

Hoaif  4)  io  total  !e»utli  with  ciiiilnl.  ibiptli  iimrr  lliuii.1:  »ye  :))  In  )ii'ail.  It.  7;  D.  XII, 
11;  A.  II.  11  nr  12;  iifuk'it  30  12:  »utl  dur»ut  lii^h:  hocoiiiI  nuai  ii|iiii(<i  an  liiuc  an  the  soft 
rayn:  tip  of  thv  ventral  Alamriiluui.  t.'ulur  i  luTt-t  brown ;  hone  of  the  |je<tuni7  with  a  largo 
blarlc  Knot :  it  laruu  omiijcr  nput  cliisti  linhluil  Ihft  Innl  r»y  ot  the  doritnl :  eaeh  scale  with  a 
bruvro  f>ii.ie  riirmine  i^vi-u  longituilinal  ntn-jik-t.  »  wIiIIidIi  Ktn-ak  uluiic  tliu  luterul  Ifne; 
dorsal  tin  iHiriieriMi  willi  hriiflit  nriiiiEc;  nii  <irjiiii:<'  Imrdor  In  tlie  r,iiii)n!,  rather  fatot: 
otlier  liiiM  ({''"■^'■■li  yelluwisli  ut  tUu  lip.  4JiU  ruk»rs  vury  tuug;  vcrtvbro.^  11  + 1&^^20. 
lAogtb  H  inches. 


15  J8         Bulletin  4.y,  United  StaUs  National  Museum. 


Subgenus  AYRESIA,  Cwiper 

VHh-*.  lUKOaiS  PL'MTIPINXIS  (Ciwpnr). 
(BuACK»MrrH.) 

Head  4;  ilopth  4^  1).  XIII,  11;  A.  II,  10;  scales  4-L^*-10,  IK  pnrM. 
Kiiily  oblong,  aomewhat  regiilarl.v  elliptical,  the  fauilul  piMlunclv  long. 
IIe:ul  blunt,  short,  and  deep,  the  prolile  iiliraptly  desccniling  to  tbe  tsuoiit. 
I DttTorbi till  space  bigb  liud  ritiiiidi-d.  LipH  thick,  the  lower  without  fro- 
iiiim,  Kye  not  verj'  lar^e.  Teetli  iiiuderate,  roidosl,  in  about  2  H«rie<i, 
the  iuiier  very  Hiiiall.  CbeekH,  opeTclea,  and  top  of  head  sciily.  l>orsal 
!4pitie8  ktitV  and  low;  soft  durHal  and  anal  rather  low,  point4*d  l>«hiiid. 
their  tips  not  rcncbiug  base  of  caudiil;  (iiiidal  deeply  forked;  the  lobr^ 
puiDt«.-d;  pci-torals  and  ventridft  l(>it>>;.  Dark  aliity-lda<~kii«b,  with  violet 
liiAter  above;  Home  of  tUi>  xcales  wttli  ;•  gmeninh  upot  or  edging;  fins 
Idiiisb-t/Iack;  postirior  part  of  body  with  aiiiall  round  brnwu  spots,  which 
form  mure  or  lesH  regular  series ;  soft  dorsal  nnd  caudal  donitoly  spotted. 
L<*ngtb  !t  inches.  Cojist  of  California  from  Toint  Concepoion  to  Cerro« 
Island;  rather  common  in  tbe  kelp  about  rocks;  »  handsome  little  fish. 
{l)UHctui,  Hpot;  pinna,  fin.) 

Aiirtrin  punctiiiiiinu,  CiK>PEK,  Pnio.  Cal.  Ac.  .Sri.  1803,73,  San  Diego  Bay,  San   Pedro. 

Santa  Barbara.     (Cnll.  Ilr.  J.  G.  Coa|H>r.) 
Chromit  jninetipinnit.  .J>-<HliAli  ii  GtUUIKT,  Proo.  17.8.  MaL  Mu8.U81,i3:  JouOAX  ic  GlL- 

luurr,  SyuupaU,  GU,  IB^. 

Subgenus  HELIASES,  Ciirier  k  ValencUmae*. 
1M8.  t'HBaaiS  I?r»iULATl'K  (Cnrier  &.  ValoaoieniiM). 

f  CHA  I-  FFI-SOLEIL. ) 

HoadSJ;  deptb2.  D.XIII,  l»;  A.  II,  13;  scales 24-25-0;  pyloric  Ofl?ca 2. 
Dody  Mhort  and  deep,  with  short  caudal  pi^duude;  caudal  fin  euiurgiuute, 
with  tliu  lobes  rounded;  second  aual  s|iiue  loss  than  2  iu  head.  8te<>l 
brown;  a  curved  blue  streak  between  eye«>  in  front,  disappearing  with 
age;  many  sculex  ou  npper  and  anterior  parts  of  body,  each  with  u  blue 
spot;  lliis  all  plaju,  iliisky ;  youug  with  a  dark  dot  behind  dorsal  tin. 
Length  iibouC.  4  inches.  Woitt  Indies  and  neighboring  shores,  rather  com- 
moil  about  lonil  reefs;  rarely  iiurtb  to  l*cin*aco!a,  in  deep  water.  Here 
described  I'rcmi  a  sjirciuieii  from  the  Siia])per  Kanks  otV  Peusacola;  a  Imml' 
some  little  lir«h.  iitiMuliitiig,  waruieil  iu  the  tjtiu  ;  from  the  name  "Chaafle- 
Soleil,''  iu  use  iu  Martiuiqiie.) 

/Mi<M»  iiuvlauu.  C'lvmu  A:  \  ^xx!meyll%»,  HtiU  Nst.  Puiss.,  v,  4M,  pi.  137,  1830,  Uar- 

tinique.     (Cull.  FU'«.) 
IlrliuMiri  intcUUut,  CrNTUKa.  Cat.,  IV,  dl.  1802. 
Okromin  iiimUtliu.  .Jubuas  Si.  GiLUBBT,  Proc.  U.  8.  NaL  Has.  1883, 386;  JOBDAS  &  GlLnutT' 

Synopsis,  612, 1»M. 

!»&«.  CHBOKIK  EXCHRINIBI  N,  Jordan  Si.  Uilliert. 

Head  3i;  depth  2.    D.  XIII,  12;  A,  II,  12  (D.  XII,  U;  A.  11, 11,  in  one 

specinu'n);  scales  3-2»»-J(.     Hody  regularly  ovate-oblong,  the  anterior  pro- 
tile  evenly  convex;  the  caudal  peduncle  very  short.     Uead  brood  above, 


Jordan  and  Evcnnaun. — Fishes  of  North  Atiurica.     1549 


tho  interorbitft]  spiioo  fljitMsh.     Month  miiall,  oltliiino,  the.ja-n-»  r(|U!(1,  the 

iiinvillary  exteiultuf;  little  past  front  oC  eye,  tti  in  liciid.     Snout  Hhort,  4i 

111  head;  e.vo  very  l.irg<\  24  in  Iioml,  uukU  liirj;«r  tluui  in  f'hrnmi»  ckromia 

or  Chromin  punelipinnig.     I'rrorbital  entire;  prro|iL'ri'li-  witli  ilisti  net  obtuse 

»err;iture»orcreii:itioDH.     TfMitli  Mlendt-r,  imiical,  in  a  iiimb^rate  bn-nil,  tbotui 

iif  the  outer  RoriMA  crinH)i1er:i.bly  cnlarguil,  brouil  anil  bliiut.     (iilt  rakera 

long,  not  as   long   iu*  pnpil.     l)»rH;il  sniiu'what  <iiiiiir;fiiiiit«i,  tlie  Aiiinen 

unusually  hif^h.  t,Ii<"  longeHtspino  1!  in  licail,  tlic  JniiKPflt  soft,  my  iilimittlii! 

Hnmi^;  cunibil  Inmate,  not  donply  forked,  Iho  labcs  sitort,  tbo  nptier  lobe 

8lti;btly  longer,  about  om  long  lu)  bead;  mini  tvbunt  ax  high  :i«  soft  dorsal, 

[itH  81'rond  spini-   Iif    in   IhmiI;   Kiil't  dorN.il   nnd   iiiinl   nithor  liigb,  ronndvd 

I  bxliind,  reaching  p»st  bnsi';  of  csindal ;  vnntnilH  tilnnicntouR  nt  ti;»,  longer 

^than  head;  poctnralH  about  as  long  ;i.s  hcud ;  vortiral  tins  largoly  covered 

with  Bmall  Bcalea,     Color,  whpa  fresh,  Mooty-gray,  rather  dark,  a  narrow 

blue  strijie  from  tip  of  nnont  obliipiely  upward  and  buck  ward  across  np  per 

part  of  eye  to  above  front  of  lateral  line,  wlitTe  it  ends  in  bine  dots;  sides 

paler  posteriorly  iiml  below;  tins  dnsky,  the  distal  half  of  siiial,  tuoat  of 

soft  dorsal,  and  t\v  whole  of  ralidal  iinil  pect(>r:ils  of  a  vry  intense  light 

yellow,  deepeHt  on  the  canilal ;  voutraln  dusky-hlniHh,  Rligbtly  tinged  with 

[yellow;   a  small  blai,-k  spot  in   upper    part  of  uxil.      Length  4  inches. 

tfinappi^T  Hanks  olf  IVnsacola  and  Tampa;  known  from  nnnioronH  HpeeS- 

mens  tiikrn  from  stuiuachs  of  SnappiTS  and  (iroupora.     (erxftv^oi,  deep 

I  gulden;  ovfui,  t;iil.) 

'chfomiM  mcArjdutiiJ,  .Toruan  &   Gri.neRT,  Pnic.  V.  S.  NkC.  Uuh.  1888.  3M,  Pensacola, 
Florida.     IT71HI,  Mo.  aae71.    Coll.  Jnrdan.) 


622.  EUPOMACENTRUS,-  Bleekor. 

(PESCADO.'*  AZIILK,>4.) 

/  farapamaetntnu,  nuP.KER,  Nal.  Vprli.  HoU.  Mnntn.  Wetcn.,  U,  1877,  66  (jMlytuma); 

Inw9r  jaw  «tcyily ;  spiMit  waly ;  xiuumia  dorsal  with  meiiibnmn  iDCitod  ami  lobed. 
/  Amidjfjminaefnirut,  lli.KEKKit,  l.r.,  tU  ilirfvia-pi) ;  niioul.  nnd  liiwor  Jaw  nakod. 
KupmHOcrntruM,  IIlkeivKR.  Nal.  Vorli.  lIuU.  Mtutlii.  Weteu.,  n,  1877,  7.1  Itiridut);  moat 

■cal.T;  lower  Jiiw  nake<l;  nieniliruneH  of  a))tninis  dorsal  not  uotcbtxl. 
Bnuhupitmae/mlnu,  Blkekkb,  1. 0.,  1877.  73  (aOiiftueiahu) ;  aa  above:  UHtnilinuin  of  npi- 

noiiM  ilursal  ilecply  notched. 

Ilmly  ovate,  di-i-fi  aud  tonipresaed,  the  prafito  steep,  usually  remndi.'d. 
Head  ntoderatt^,  nearly  fin  d«vp  aa  long,  tlic  snont  scaly,  IIki  bnvi-r  juvr 
naked.  Mouth  cjnite  enialt,  terminal,  the  jaws  eqoiil;  each  jaw  armed 
with  a  single  close-set  Ncrios  of  cotnprcescd,  immovable  tpotb,  which  are 
truncati-  at  tip.  CJill  nikeis  long;  prt'opi-rclo  mono  or  b'ss  siTrati-;  preor- 
liital  serrate.  ScaleH  large,  strongly  (Ctenoid,  the  lateral  line  rnuning 
parallel  with  tb«t  b.'irk  to  near  the  end  of  the  dorsal  lin,  at  wbiub  point  it 
ceawa.    Dorsal  llu  continuuns,  with  12  nr  13  low  stout  spinea;  luembrane 


*Tlio  followine  is  \hn  tiynonyniy  of  thei-loicly  rclatwl  Old  World  pMiiis,  Pomaemlnu, 
hActptDK,  wiiiili  huK.  ah  rar  iw  known,  iiu  Anii<rk'i>n  Kf^iroion :  I'lnnaeeiilnii,  hAct.vf.OK, 
Hist.  JTat.  PoisH.,  IV,  508,  IHUL"  (;.api)|;  VrUtatit,  UI'rPEI.i.,  Noiir  \Virl>rlt!iirr«  Flurhe 
IfyimntHrima't;  I'tfudopmnarmtnui.  ItLlKKKH,  Naturli.  Vorli.  UuU.  Maalmb.weteu.  1H77, 
;t8  (littoratu) .  liMitli  aiMitvly  iinuuliitwl  at  (i|i. 


1550  BulUlin  ^j,  United  States  National  Museum. 


of  spiiiniiH  <lor84iI,  iisiiiilly  not  <lt<eply  incised  nor  lobe<),  the  soft  part  more 
or  less  elt^ratfld,  ita  liistruys  gradually  whortcuud;  lower  limb  of  preoporole 
risujillj-  mure  nr  Ii-mh  Hf iily ;  pr(*orliit;il  iiiirrnvv  without  dt-ep  notch;  anal 
I'm  siiuiisir  to  soft  ilitrtiid,  with  2  Hpiiiea,  of  which  the  second  is  ninch  the 
liiT(»er;  soft  niys  12  to  i6;  dui-!«iil  sjiines  with  ii  slieath  of  largi*  scaler,  the 
lurmiininea  of  bcdh  ihirniil  ;md  :iniil  L-ovi-n-d  hii^h  up  with  sniall  scales; 
ciiuditl  (In  iMorii  or  less  ftjrked,  tUi*  lob«»  rounded;  lower  phuryn^eiilH 
triiiugnliir;  l.riini-hiost<>galM  Ti  or  «.  Species  luimerotis,  in  the  trupicMl 
Be:i8.  S])(>cii:H  chielly  Ani<-riciin,  <)xtreiiii>ly  vnriiiltle  in  form  nnd  color,  fh** 
lirilliant  folorution  iipparently  ilepcmlent  on  surrnnmlings.  Thr  cipocies 
lire  littli'  known  and  tUo  cl:i<iHiti<'ntion  of  those  found  iu  the  \Ve«t  Indies 
Ih,  ill  <lef;inlt  of  m:itori:i],  hirjjely  ^itesuwork. 

/utpvma'fnl'Hii,  na  iiudorstood  liy  us,  ilitVers  from  J'omnrrntru*  chielly  in 
hiiviiig  hilt  1  sprit>»  of  tenth  Iu  Piu'hjiiw.  In  l'oma'e»trus  iin  inuprfieriea 
of  11  f<>w  tci'tli  is  preaeut.  I'lirtipiimtnevtriii  Riid  .Imhlfiintiiiaceiitrug  diifer 
from  liiijwiiniienlniii  chiefly  in  tliu  different  aitiiliug  of  the  head.  This  is  a 
iiiinorrbiirHcter,  .'ind  p<-rhiipH  11113  ohouid  be  united  under  the  oldest  name, 
I'tiriiponitir^mlrua. 

Thi-  ftdlowJug  iinnlysia  of  upecicR  has  very  little  ralne.  PorhapA  ull  onr 
Athiutio  Nppcies  (omitting /j?<i»i/n>««)  are  r('dnt"il)le  to  U,/m»<'«»  jind  Iriico- 
tiii-ttiK,  and  thespi'J,  if  really  distinct,  uaii  not  always  he  sep:iiMtc<l  with  oer- 
t)«inty;  leafi>rn»  and  )'/oci7riliis  an-  fertainlj-  diittiuct  from  funmii,  aud  thus 
far  wr  have  found  rei-t\fi'ni\nm  also  distingnifihabli-.  Our  spt'cien,  so  far  tut 
known,  all  hetong  to  the  section  Eiqiommenirttis,  whirh  is  regarded  hy 
HIe«kcr  as  a  j,'pniiH  distinct  from  I'arapomactntrus,  hein|^  cliielly  distin- 
(jainhed  by  the  naki'd  lower  jaw,  Perhaps  the  II'  );i>nera  Mhonld  be  nnited; 
hut  not  li;ivinjj  »i'v.u  spKf  imens  nf  I'ariijiiimticmtnm,  wo  h<'sitat«  to  pliu'e 
our  a])eci«s  iu  it,  tliuairli  they  evidently  should  not.  be  left  in  I'omacmlrut. 
(ev,  genuine;  /V)ii(jf'«H/r»»,  whieh  is  from  ffwpct,  operele;  MfVrpof,  spiue.) 
a.  Uiiper  untcrior  |iriilll«-  of  lituiil  anliml. 

b.  Ucptli  iifliMrly  iiiiKlrrati',  1J  in  2)  in  li^ne"'.  'witltcml  iiiuilal. 

c.  Iiciwcr  )M»<tnrinr  IiiiK  of  iMnly  ilurk,  like  llie  aut<-riur  half;  candal  lln  motUjr 
iliinkv. 
if.  rcdurol  Uu  wilh  a  Hroiitl  wbiti<  Rdgs.  UUCOHVb,  I96U. 

rfd.  rocliiral  flu  unl.  cilKwi  »itli  wlilt«>. 

e.  Il«|iLli  of  lioily  I J  ill  li<ii|itlt  III'  Ikm]}- (without  caudal),  sides  wiUi 
Ciiliil  rriwH  stri-akii.  AUDSTOS,  1981. 

ff.  Ih'ptli  (iriml.v  2ti>2i  iu  Iraglli. 

/.  Oiicrule  witltuiit  iliniiiK't  ilitrk  npul ;  madid  not  Uppeil  iritli 
oran|i;i'. 
l),  \aai  witlwiil  distinct  liliai  «|Hit  Iu  its  posterior  *ifl, 
etrrjit  in  yt'uni!. 
It.  Lloact  witli  Tpw,  if  SDy,  hiiijiII  HCdeasory  scales. 
,  i.  Bute  uf  iiertoruJ  witli  <>ii«  binok  npot. 

rt^Hcus,  IMEL 
u.  Bnae  of  |ii'otoral  U'W  li  twi>  lilnck  spots. 

DIENC^rs,  IM), 
hh.  IIi^iul    Willi    viirv    lusny   .'Uuull    acccxsorj  scalaa, 
ospeoiall;  on  forvbcad  anil  front  of  operele. 

HKtTIPR^EXUM.  IMU. 
gg-  Aanl  witli  a  lihiiali  s|iot  ut  baw  of  last  ray  i  liead'aod 

fins  Hindi  ^piith'il  with  lilllf.  AKAUS,  lSt(, 


Jordan  and  Evertnann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1651 


//.  Oporrlo  with  a  dlRtintt  fliirk  «p«t  nlxn-o;  ppotonU  with  a 

dnrk  Kput ;  tipn  or  »ll  thi-  Hn»  oraiicc     iiTrn-iiuBl'a,  IBM. 

ee.  Lcra-er  pontcrlor  lialf  of  lioily  uuLikn  tiiitrrior  pnrt,  twing  luoTo  nr  leas 

abruptly  bright  yrllnw;  camlal  Ad  brigljl  yellnir;  aRually  >  bloc  «pol 

at  htkav  of  lorit  ruj  ol'  anal. 

}.  'Ref.iaxi  IicIdu'  lat<>rttl  lini'  wilU  luaiiy  liliio  apota.      lkl'COHtiOTDS,  1007. 

jj.  Kegioi)  lu'luw  latorul  lini-  with  lew  Wiic  «|wt8  «r  nuiiv. 

k.  Siiloa  of  back  with  two  round  liualcy  apota  on  cooh  *\i\v. 

rt.AvivE!n'Klt,  IMS. 
Ik.  SidMof  hack  withoni  ronod  diciky  aiiota  an  above ;  itorsal.  In 
young,  witli  u  ronHpinioufl  woUuh.  rolnni  vory  Urilliant. 

Fl^VILJlTrH.lDW. 

Ui.  Depth  of  hmly  nboiit  2]  in  lun^lli.  |Kiiit<-rliir   liAlf  »f  liudy  yi'llowUh:  hits  H'ith 

luort-  or  teas  yi'llowish.  I'AUTrrcs,  lfl70. 

aa.  Upp<T  aut»<rl<)r  prolllu  of  hiiad  atmigtit,  ihpI   nioln-d;  hiHly  and  Hnn  mostly  dnoky, 

with  pain  npuU.  rtjtMKIluNs,  1971. 

Subgenua  BUPOMACENTRUS. 
10«0.  >UI*»3l.»tK?(TttrM  LKI'COBI'K  ttJilliort). 

"■TTeud  3j^;  tleptli  2.  D,  X[1, 16;  A,  II.  13;  laterjil  litit*  witlt  20  portw,  7  to 
fi  cnwsrowH  of  simIos  Itehiinl  its  titnl.  Poslerior  uuirgiii  «f  jircoperclu  «ml 
lower  eilyo  nf  Hnlmrbitu]  riim  s«rriil!it4i ;  socoiul  anal  wpine  vnry  utroiin. 
niejisiireil  from  li:iflo  of  sLi^ath  iiiiich  liiglier  tliuii  any  uf  tlio  di)re:tl  Kfiinos, 
and  !U4  liif^li  ;ih  liigUttHt  soft  anal  ray,  itii  IcD^tli  toiitaiui-il  U  tiuies  in  h)>:i<I ; 
mari^in  of  miial  nitliiir  liltiiitly  rauiided;  llio  Hul't  duraal  pointed,  btit  ii<it 
much  iiruiliiced,  1.hi"  Itm^f&t  niy  Ij^  in  lieail ;  t-aiidal  lunate,  tUn  IiiIibb  very 
bluntly  rnan<iejl,  tiio  uppt-r  louifL-r  than  tlio  tower;  vDiitraJs  with  tliouiitiT 
my  prodiictnl,  rojicbtniar  pa.xt  vetit;  peitiirals  hroatl.  rntmdi'd,  1}  in  hi-ad. 
Interorbital  rogiuii  traiiavfitiely  coiivt's;  antiTiDr  prulile  arolRnl,  a  Hlij^ht 
deproMlon  naually  to  ho  r(>co>;]ii?.ed  uu  iiajio  siiid  on  «noiit-  Iloatl  itud 
sides  bruwD,  darker  on  tiie  upper  htilf  of  body  ;  no  blue  spots  nr  liiit'.s,  »iid 
no  yellow;  oaiidiil  podiuiL-lo  bniwii  liko  rust  of  body;  all  tlus  fins  jut- 
black,  tht!  [lecturals  abruptly  uinrniiiod  iK^hiiid  wilh  pure  white.  Niiiuur- 
ona  8[M"ciineu9,  -U  to'i'.  iiii:he.>*  loriff,  wert'-  taken  at  !S«c<irro  liibitid,  one  of 
the  Kevillagij^edo  fjToiip,  oil'  the  fua.it  of  Moxiio  by  Gilbert  and  later 
by  McGregor;  a  well-marked  npeiiex,  well  »ep«ratcil  fruiii  the  (itLorH. 
{kevHoi,  white;   i5/jo5,  margin.) 

Pomaetiilrut  Uueuftit,  Gii.hkrt,  Pme.   I'.S.  Nat.  Mtia.  li^l,  5M,  Socorro  Island.    (Coll. 
AOmtroii.} 

liml.  HUPOMACENTRI  S  AIMTKTirH  (Troachil). 

Depth  2^  ill  t-otul  leu(;tb  with  cnudnl ;  eye  !H  in  faeftd,  oigual  to  snout,  D. 
Xli,  14;  A.II,  K1;  prcorldtal  and  salmrbilal  tiuuly  toothod;  caudal  forked, 
the  lower  lobe  (tbortiT.  Brown,  tinned  with  violet,  i  loasi^d  by  darker  v«^r- 
tical  lines  formed  by  ttdgt's  of  tho  neales;  a,  blaik  point  in  thw  axil  at  the 
upper  base  of  tli<-  pectoral;  uu  dark  Kc'a]mhir  spot,  no  wbttu  npot  »t  base 
of  lost  anal  ray;  hnad  and  luiHcof  wnal  with  soin«  sky-blue  jioints;  yonug 
with  ocelhiH  uu  b;isn  of  tht;  soft  iluisik) ;  noma  spi'uinicnH  with  cniidal 
yellowish  brown,  uu  iil«o  pectoral,  ventral,  ;unl  tip  tif  the  anal;  int<nuie 
diate  Iietween  A',  oiopluinin  atitl  /;,'.  j-antkiirut.     Length  'H  inches.     C'nbn 


1652         Bulletin  ^.y 'United  States  NationcU  Museum. 


(Poey ;  description  of  P.  dbtcuratut) ;  a  doubtful  species,  perhapn  differing 
from  E. /uncus  in  the  more  elongate  body,     {aduttug,  scorched.) 

Pomaeentrut  adtutvt,  Tbobcukl,*  iu  J.  W.  von  MttUer's  Beisen  in  Hexioo,  eto.,63S,  IMS, 

Mexico. 
Pomaeentnu  ob$euratui,  Pokt,  Eniimeratio,  101,  1875,  Havana. 

IMS.  KIIPOHACKNTBIIS  VIWIIS  (('nvi«r  i  VRlenoiennea). 

(Maria  Mollb.) 

Hoad3i;  depth  2  to  2^  without  caudal ;  eye  3  iu  head;  snontS.  D.  XII, 
13  to  15;  A.  II,  13;  scales  3-28  to  30-9.  Body  compressed,  dorsal  and  ven- 
tral outlines  similar,  profile  convex,  more  ho  between  the  eyes ;  maxillary 
scarcely  reaching  vertical  from  front  of  orbit;  posterior  margin  of  preop- 
ercle  and  inferior  margin  of  suborbital  ring  nerrulated.  Gill  rakers  small 
and  weak,  about  8  on  lower  part  of  anterior  art-h ;  tips  of  pectorals  scarcely 
reaching  the  vout;  ventrals  reaching  to  or  slightly  past  vent;  head  with 
very  few,  if  any,  small  accessory  scales.  Older  examples  (4}  inches)  have 
shorter  ventrals,  more  prominent  fterrations  on  preopercle,  a  deeper  body 
and  lighter  and  more  uniform  color  than  smaller  specimens  (3  inches  in 
lengtli).  Color  dark  brown  to  nearly  black,  edges  of  scales  darker,  form- 
ing narrow  vortical  crossbars  more  distinct  in  smaller  specimens  (3  inches 
iu  length) ;  fins  all  dark  brown  to  black,  a  black  axillary  spot,  a  few  obscure 
white  dots  on  head  and  about  base  of  anal ;  no  white  spot  on  last  anal 
rays.  Very  young  with  sin  ocellus  on  dorsal  fin,  and  a  dark  spot  on  caudal 
]>ednucle  behind  soft  dorsal.  In  none  of  our  specimens  is  the  caudal  yel- 
low. West  Indies  and  coast  of  Brazil ;  north  to  Key  West,  about  coral 
reefs;  common  and  variable;  the  specimens  above  described  fix>m  Bahia. 
A  specimen  from  Key  West  has  more  blue  spots.  It  seems  to  correspond 
to  Pomacentrus  atrocyaneiii,  which  species  we  can  not  separate  from  Eupo- 
macentrus  fuscus.     {fuscus,  dusky.) 

Pomaeentrut  fmeut,  CtrviER  &  A'^albnciemnes.  Hist.  Nat.  FoiaB.,  v,  132,  1830,  Braxil  (CoU. 

Delalando) ;  GUNTiiEa,  Cat.,  iv,  31 ,  1862 :  Jordan,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat  Mns.  1890, 323. 
Pomaeentnu  variabilU,  Castbln Au,  Anim.  Xoiiv.  ou  Raroa,  Poias.,  0,  pL  3,  fig.  3, 1855,  Bahia 

(CoU.  Coatalnait) ;  flgiiro  showing  caudal  browniHh-yeUuw. 
PoTnaeentrut  atroeyaneut,\  Posr,  Memoriaa,  II,  190, 1880,  Havana.    (ColL  Poey.) 

1903.  EUPOXACEXTVl'S  DIE>0£rS,  Jordan  &  Butter. 

Head  3i;  depth  2;  eye  3;?  iu  head;  D.  XII,  15;  A.  II,  13;  scales  4-28-9. 
Body  elliptical,  tho  dors.'il  and  ventral  outlines  about  equally  curved; 
Huont  short,  not  projecting;   luaxillary  reaching  vertical  from  anterior 


*  ThefoUowing  1«  the  substance  of  tho  original  dosoription of  this  species:  Depth  H  in 
total  with  caudal  (about  1}  without).  U.  XII,  15;  A.  II,  13;  P.  19.  Interorbital  ring  con- 
vex; upper  profile  of  liead  arched:  Huborbital  ring,  excepting- the  first  boue,  dentate; 
ventral  pro<lured,  its  tilainontouH  ray  not  reaching  the  anal :  caudal  eniarginatc  with 
rounded  lobes.  Color  brown,  with  vertical  bars  extending  downward  and  somewhat  for- 
ward, corresjionding  to  the  edgings  of  the  scales;  fins  all  brown ;  the  pectoral  blackish; 
a  few  faint  lude  sjjbts  on  the  suborbital  ring,  and  on  the  dorsal  and  anal  fins;  a  black 
spot  on  back  of  tail  and  one  in  axil  of  i>ectoraI.     Coast  of  Mexico.     (Trosrhel.) 

t  Pomaeentnu  alrocyaneuf.  Poey.  Form  rather  more  slender  than  in  Pomaeentnu  oto- 
phorue,  its  height  3  in  total  lengtli,  the  head  4} ;  eve  3J  in  head :  maxillary  reaching  front 
of  the  eye;  blackish  blue,  with  many  lilue  spoU  oelow  the  eye  and  on  the  cheeks,  and 
aoniettnies  on  tlie  back;  upper  IoIk' of  the  caudal  a  little  yellowish;  a  large,  black  point  at 
the  base  of  the  pectoral  above.    Length  100  mm.    Cuba  (Poey).    (at<r,  black;  Kvdvtoc,  blue). 


Jordan  and  Evermanu .  — Fishes  of  North  A  merica .      1 56,3 


■arnin  of  «irbit;   «.«y'"  plw<-'»l  i»l"»ve  |)ri'inaxill»ry;   mil><>rl»itnl  with  1  row 

If  Ai'AleM,  hticly  dori'utf  Itebiinl  luiddlf  of  oyo;  4  rows  of  ftcttles  on 
ii-ek ;  prei)p<TPlc  finely  »<>rnil<'  on  itp]i«r  liiiil),  tho  Ki-rrn'  Homnwbut 
ir;><'r  itt  nni;!)-,  ii  fow  on  lower  limb  iirar  angle;  upcrclo  with  2  obtnse 
»iuU;  Intonil  liuo  ccuMinx  iiiulor  thir<l  to  flt^b  niy  of  Huft  ilnrttiil,  with 
to  l!)M'itlcH;  niurgiuH  of  M|iinii[iM  ilnrMiil  nciirly  hori/oiital  li(<hiii<l  third 
)ilt<<,  Ihii  laat  iiixl  liight'st  ><piti(!  Im-Im^  1]  in  bi'nil ;  xiift  liorMiil  8iiiiii'\vh:it 
ifjtinr,  fiointiMl,  thi-  ei>;hth  an*!  hijtrheflt  ray  l|,  in  hoivd ;  anal  Niniilai'  to  solt 

lorHst),  its  biffbeat  ray  Ig  in  lieail;  tip  of  8<ift  ilornal  t'xtcuiling  licyiinil 
kat  uf  HhnI,  almoist  to  niiilill"  length  of  candnl;  caudal  forked,  the  loUvt 
nutiilod,  the  up|vcr  a  little  longer  than  b>'ad,  ^  longer  than  lower,  middlo 
lyR  of  fin  li  in  longubt;  vcntriilH  sligbtly  filaiiKMitouK,  <'xteiidiiig  br^yond 
rigin  of  nnul,  slightly  longi-r  than  th<-  upper  <-anilal  lo1)i>;  leoHt  depth  of 
tiidal  pL'dnncli-  grcat^vr  than  itn  length,  '1\,  in  hi>:u1;  it  row  of  hciIi-h  on 
111-  nirniliranr  of  every  ray  in  tbn  viTtioal  lini<,  those  uu  spinoun  dofHal 
Igor  and  oxt't'nding  nearly  to  niargiri,  those  on  Noft  portinux  of  vertical 

IliH  xnialler  (tho  ravM  lieiiig  rloM<  together)  and  cxtcDding  about  lialfwiiy 
I  uiargino;  axillary  wale  of  vrntral  not  much  dcvelojied.    Nearly  uuiforni 

Insky,  the  tipi*  of  the  Hcales  ligbt^-r,  thuH  fiiniiiiig  more  or  leMK  dintiiict 
rrtirul  stn-aUs  of  light  and  dark;  fin«  iinifnriiily  Idaik;  a  dark  spot  at 
Upci  fiaseof  iH-etoral  and  another  at  lower;  opercle  <liirker  than  snTToimd- 
llg  partn;  »  few  very  faint  light  points  In-low  eye.  The  Mp<<oinieus  heri^ 
i-ritH>d  have  )K>i<n  coni])anid  with  MpecinienH  uf  KupotaaefHtrun /u»ftu»  of 
Juilar  (tire,  froni  AlbrolhoM  iHland.s,  Brazil,  to  which  xpeeii'M  they  an.« 
mwt  clomdy  rrlat<"<l,  t>nr  specimens  have  the  caudal  more  deeply  forked, 
be  dorsal  and  aniki  highiT,  the  vertii-al  fins  li««s  densely  scaled,  the  axil- 
ry  »<ale  ithort<T,  inneh  longer  ventrals,  the  <-aud.il  and  peetorala  not 

lightrir  than  other  lins,  and  two  dark  brown  spots  at  base  of  pectoral  and 
be  axil  entirely  black,  .laniaica;  types,  1'  specimens,  4  inches  long,  No. 
i!»  L.  S..lr.  Univ.  Mus.     (i5»c,  two;  iyxaioi,  brande<l.) 

■  i/CruciKiM,  Joim&N&KrTTKa.  rroc.  Act.  Nat.  Sci.  I'luln.  18U7, 1  IS,  Jamaica. 

LlBobertd.) 

1M4.  KirniArKMRlS  RKCTiriLGNDM  (UUI). 
(I*KSCAriO  AXUL.) 

Head.li;  depth  12;  D.  XII,  i:<;  A.  II.  13;  acalcs  3-28-9 ;  eye4h  aurDt2j|; 

Dmal  lobio  \i\  npper  eaudiil  lobe  1<>;  ventrals  1^:  pect'Orals  lj(      Preor- 

ilal  and  preoperele  strongly  serrate.    Teeth  lirm,  flattened,  not  notched. 

pantlal  liinntJ-,  the  np]ter  lobe  the  longer;  dorsal  and  anal  rnnniled  in 

ie  adnit,  angnlar  in  the  young;  venlriils  lllanientous,  rearhing  front  of 

(al;  pectoral  reaching  vent.     IJill  rakera  short,  slender,  weak,  nnmer- 

^nx,  alxtnt  10  on  the  lower  limb;  seale-**  cm   head  with  niitinTous  small 

rre«M)ry  scales  we«lgcd  in  between  the  others,  especially  on  tojt  of  hoiMi 

Itid  on  ojiL-rcIo, 

''The  rolor  in  extreme  ynnth,  :ut  rejir^'^unted  in   a   specimen  8  lines 

mg,  is  reddiiih  brown,  with  blue  lines  obIii|nely  crossing  each  scale,  and 

iinning  iw  many  subvertieal,  scarcely  interrupted  blue  lines  crossing  the 

rndjr  as  there  are  rows  of  scaled.     On   the  back  an<l  lower  part  of  the 


1652         BtiUetin  ^j 'United  States  National  Museum. 


(Poey ;  desoriptiiin  of  F.  obnotu-atua) ;  a  doubtrnl  speciea,  perlnips  differiDg 
from  jt". /iMLMd  iu  the  more  cloTigi»to  Iwdj-.     («ff«»(H»,  scorrbed.) 

I'omatmtrtif  adiitttu,  TKoarunL.,*  iu  J.  W.  von  HiUler'a  ReiMn  in  Maxicu.  «(o.,  6S8, 1866, 

Mexico. 
rnmacrntrv  otneuTolut,  POBV,  Kmiinrnitiii,  lUl.  187S.  Havaoa. 

l»fli.   KUPOajtOKXTKIS  KISCIIS  ((•iivi..r  A  Viili-npioniiM). 
(Maiiia  Moixk.) 

Head  3^ ;  ditpth  2  to  2i  without  citudal ;  eye  3  in  head ;  Buoat  3.    O.  XII, 

13  to  1.'>;  A.  II,  13;  snilcs  3-1'S  to  30-9.  Hody  coniprenae*!,  doiHiii  and  ven- 
tral oiitliaea  similnr,  profilo  i-oiivox,  raoro  ho  botwectu  tbo  eyo»;  maxillary 
W!iri"i-ly  reaoliinu  vertinil  from  front  of  orbit;  posterior  mnr^^in  of  preop- 
eruk'  uiid  inferior  iiiaiKtuof  siiUurliital  ring  stTnilated.  Gill  rakers  small 
iiud  wi'ikk,  iiboutH  un  UivTtT  jiiirt  of  imterinr  artli ;  tips  of  pectorals  scju'cely 
rear.liinjf  the  vpiit ;  veutniln  roiichiiijj  to  or  ttlightly  jKist  veut;  head  with 
very  few,  if  iiuy,  smnll  iiccesHory  s<'a]<"B.  Older  «Nsiiii))les  (4  j  inches)  have 
(ihoilor  vriitr;ils,  iiioru  proiiiiiieiit  Korratioua  on  piviijien-le,  ii  deeper  body 
and  lighter  and  more  nniforui  color  than  suialier  ij|ie(.'irni'nH  (3  inches  iu 
longth).  I'ulor  dark  brown  to  nearly  black,  edjjes  of  atviilos  darker,  form- 
in;'  narrow  vortical  i-rona  bars  luore  diatiuct  iu  smaller  fipecimeiis  (3  inches 
iu  Icnjj^h ) ;  fuiB  all  dark  brown  to  black,  a  Idack  axillary  spot,  a  few  obscure 
vvhitu  dots  un  head  anci  ubuut  btiae  of  anal;  no  white  spot  on  last  anal 
rayn.  Vury  yonn;;  with  ;iu  ocellus  on  dorsal  fin,  and  a  dark  spot  ou  caudal 
peduncle  huliiuil  solt  doi'.Hal.  In  none  of  our  upecinienfi  \»  the  caudal  yel- 
low. Went  Indies  and  coast  of  Hra/il;  north  to  Key  West,  about  coral 
roefH;  vummuu  aud  variable;  the  spei'iuieuN  above  described  from  Itnhia. 
A  specimen  from  Kry  West  has  more  blue  sjiotH.  It  seems  to  correspond 
to  r<ynuuvnlni*  a<rocya»«H»,  which  species  we  ran  not  scjiarate  from  Eupo- 
maoentru*  fu»CH«.     {/iiscuii,  dusky.) 

Foinaernlnii  /luKttt,  CcviRB  &  Valb.Nciknnrs,  Hiat.  >'at.  roiM.,T,432.  Ili30.  Brazil  (Call. 

Doliiluna») ;  iiOfrriiRii,  Cat,  iv,  ai,  1B62;  Jukuan,  Proc.  V.  S.  Nat.  Mm.  1890, 123. 
PomacenlruM  rariabilu,  ("Astklsac,  Aulni.  Nout.  ou  Jlaren,  Poiaii.,  0,  pL  3,  flg.  3, 1855,  Bahia 

(Call.  CuAtAlDau):  tl|riire  ahnvrinj:  CAUtlal  browiiinli-yelluw. 
fvinaeailnu  atrueuantut,!  Posv.  Memorial,  ii,  VX).  1860,  Havana.    (Coll.  Fooy.) 


1MIS.  RDP(»MA1'T:>"nir8   DIK!ti<-£l'8,  Jordan  k  Rntttr. 

ITcad  3i;  depth  2;  eye 3?  iu  bead;  D.  XII,  15;  A.  II,  13;  scales  4-2*-9. 
Uody  t'lliptiral,  the  dnrnal  and  ventral  ontliiies  about  equally  cnrved; 
Biioiit  Hburtj  not  projecting;;    nittxillary  reaching  vertical  froiti  anterior 


*  Tlin  folIovluK  (•  the  inbataiiDV of  th<^  oricinnl  dcHoription of  tbt*  »]>e«ira :  Depth  2^  in 
total  vitlicauttal  (about  1}  witlioiit).  D.  Xfl,15:  A.  IT,  13;  P.  10.  Iot«rorttit«l  riuKCon- 
vui;  upper  proUlo  nf  lieail  nrcliiMl;  !iiiliurli{lal  riiic,  uxr4-[>tiiig  the  flml  Imiip.  <l«nljite; 
reutraf  prodiircil,  it«  tilniuitnluiix  my  D'it  rciuhiiiic  the  aniil:  caudal  en)ar;;iiiaU'  with 
rounded  h>hc>«.  Color  lirovrii,  uttli  virtical  b.irH  vnKiUdiuv  downward  and  oouicwbitt  for 
ward,  corrcH|K>niliiii;  to  Oif  <>(ti;iiip><  or  thi' HcnlcH:  lina  all  iirnn  a  ^  the  pectoral  blarkiah; 
a  few  faint  nak<  xpolx  un  tlic  uiiGorbilul  ring;,  aud  on  tiK<  ilcirniil  and  anal  fiua;  a  black 
itpot  on  back  of  tail  aud  oise  in  axil  of  jji.S'toral.     ('(iiwtof  Mexico.     (Tn»K«-b<'l.) 

^  Pnmaetntnin  nrrurj/nrerw".  Pm'V-  Form  riitliiT  iimro  slfnilor  tlinn  in  I'mnaernlrut  olo- 
phdriu,  its  height 'S  in  UiIhI  Ipn^li,  tlir  lii^ud  4| :  nvo  'l|  in  hc-ul  luiixilljiry  reaching  front 
of  the<?yri  blackinh  hiiii',  wttb  tnauv  lihx^  Mpots  Mow  the  cyr  nnd  ou  tbo  rheeka.  and 
aan)etliiLpa un  the  back;  upper  IoImi  of  tlio  cundiil  a  littU-  yt^Ilnwich  :  n  lurtfv.  black  )>oint  at 
tlie  baMi  of  the  pectoral  above.    Lenj^lh  lUOnini.    Ctibn^PoeyK    (a(^r.  black;  Kua^cof,  blue). 


Jordan  and  £vermann. — FisJus  of  North  Atnerica,     1653 


inarKin  "f  "rl'it ;  eyi' p]iM'i»«l  jilmve  prciHBxillarv  ;  ««i1)nr1)itiil  with  1  row 
of  srales.  hiicly  Kcrnilt'  In'liiml  tiiutdlo  of  eye;  t  rows  of  scnies  on 
<.'hoek ;  prcupt'n-le  liiiely  siMrulf  on  ii]ipor  limb,  the  i«'rni'  Nomewhiit 
liiri^iM'  :it  aufjU",  ik  I'l'w  on  low(«r  limb  iii'iic  mifflr;  opfirclo  with  3  ol)tnBO 
poiiitM;  liiteral  liiii*  «'i'jL>iiiii;  uiiiler  tbirt!  U^  flf'tb  r:i_v  »t'  H"l't  ibfrsul,  with 
17  to  19  Hi-iilt^H;  mari^iiiiH  of  .s])iiMHis  (liirHiiI  in'iirly  horizontal  bi'hiiut  thinl 
KjiiiH',  th<s  lii*t  mill  liii;llir«t  spiiio  Iwiiiff  IJ  in  hniil;  soft  iIiivkiiI  Koiiicubiit 
lil^liDl,  poiuti'd,  thi"  oi}r|itb  antt  higlie«tm.y  IJ,  in  bt'jul ;  aiuil  Hiiiiibir  to  Noft 
ilorMal,  itfl  bi^liL-at  rji_v  1;  in  hcAti;  tip  t>f  stoft  (lors:»l  nxt<<uiliny  Uryonil 
that  of  iiiiiil,  alintwt  to  miililhi  Icniiith  nf  rniidal;  rnudul  f(irk<'4l,  the  tohi-H 
rrmiuli'd,  the  upper  a  little  tonnjiT  thim  hrafj,  J-.  longiT  thuii  lower,  iitiddlc 
rayHof  flu  Iji  in  loudest;  vciitrulw  nlijfbtly  liliuiii'iitoiin,  cxleudiiig  bi^yoix! 
origin  of  aiiiil.  N!j<;!it]y  longt-r  tliiin  thv  upiior  candul  IoIk';  K^tLst  tlepth  of 
i-iindiil  pi'diinclf  ^;ri'iif.iT  lluiii  itw  leiigtii,  2i  in  hrad;  u  row  of  scalrs  on 
thi'  tofntlirauci  of  <>very  rny  in  tlm  vcrticiil  tins,  tbi»«i^  on  RpinoiiH  dornul 
iMr^or  tmd  cxtAMidiii^  noaily  to  nitirji^in,  those  on  Mot't  portimm  of  verticul 
finx  snialliT  (the  niys  lioinj^  I'low  togotbiT)  sinil  vxti-Hiling  jibout  biilfvvay 
to  lUikr^inH;  iixillary  Hrul»*  of  vi-ntrjil  not  iwnvh  d''vi«tn])ed.  N«*jirly  niiiforn) 
dimky,  tliii  ti|iN  of  tho  Hcalos  lijjhtiT,  thus  forming  nntre  tir  b'SH  distinct 
vertical  Mtn-akw  of  Ii;;bt  Jind  ihirk ;  finn  nnil'ormly  blio'k;  a  dark  spotlit 
uppiT  Imseof  pvrtoriil  :kn<l  ainitbi-r  tit  1ow<M';  open-It-  durkcr  than  snrroMod- 
injj  )ijirt»;  a  ft-w  vt-ry  ftiint  iijjlit  points  Ix-Iow  oyn.  Tbe  N)«-cinifijs  Iutm 
d<'«eri))tMl  h.-ive  Uci-n  coiii|uirod  with  «[n-(iMiiMi.s  of  Kupomaoentriin  J'uscut  of 
Hiuiilur  nuA\  from  Albntlhon  Inlund«,  linkzil,  to  which  np<'cli'»  tbcjr  iiro 
most  clour-ly  rc!(it<-d.  •  bir  B[M«f'innvn!*  luivc  the  catutiil  more  dfcply  fork<?d, 
tb«'  dorsiil  inid  iinul  bi^hiT,  tlio  vrrtiial  tins  l<-8«  ili-nst'ly  «ctib'd,  th<'  axil- 
lary «i"ali'  shortrr,  lunrh  loiifrir  vratrals,  tbti  caiiilal  and  pt-ilorals  not 
lighter  than  othi-r  tiaH,  and  two  dark  brown  «i]iotH  n\.  luxav  of  ])Oi'toral  and 
thv  axil  entirely  black.  Janiaicii;  typi-.n,  2  api-cinii>iiH,  4  incbue  lung,  No. 
4969  L.  8.  .Ir.  Univ.  Mux,     (^/?,  two;  fynaio^,  Hrandi'd,) 

fupomafrntnu iltmonu,  JomuH^Ktrrrca.  I'roc.  Ac.  Mat.  Sci.I'blU.  1BB7, 110,  Jamaica. 
(CoU.  KolirrU.) 

IMi.  Kl  I'IIHACEXTRI'K  ]lECTIFK.i:XCa  (Gill). 

(PKaCAOO  AZ0L.) 

Head  31;  depth2;  D.Xri,13;  A.  II.  13;  ncnlc«  3-28-9 ;  eyo4U  snrntS}; 
dorsal  lobe  IJ;  opp^r  (-anilal  lobn  H;  vcntrals  H;  portorals  1|  Preor- 
bital  and  pn-open-lu  stron^rly  Hcrrntc.  T&etb  llrui,  flattunctl,  not  notched. 
Caudal  hntat^-,  tbo  upper  bilio  tli«  longer;  ilorflal  and  anal  ronudoil  in 
the  adnlt,  angular  in  the  yoang;  vrulraiN  lilaiucntou.'i,  nuK-bin^  front  of 
anal;  pectoral  n-aching  vent.  Uill  rivk<-rs  short,  Mlonder,  weak,  ninner- 
oii8,  about  111  on  the  lower  limb;  Kr:Llos  on  hoail  with  uaiui-rous  Htnull 
accentiory  scales  we«lf;pd  in  between  the  others,  dspeciaily  on  top  of  head 
and  on  opercle. 

"The  coh)r  in  extreme  y«nth,  an  represented  in  n,  Hpt^i-imcn  8  lines 
long,  is  reddish  brown,  with  blue  lines  oblupiely  croBHing  each  Ncalu,  and 
forming  as  many  Niibvi-rtii-al,  ararrely  interrupted  bliit^  lint-s  croAsiug  the 
bctdy  AH  tbi-re  are  rows  of  sralea.     On  the  btwjk  anil  lower  ]»art  of  tho 


1564  Bulletin  ^j.  Untied  Stales  National  Museum. 


•aterior  soft  tloraal  Is  a  lar^n  ocvUuk,  ami  biltiiiil  the  I'tti  i8  »  sttiallcr  one. 
The  heiul  iiliove  has  2  very  di.ttiuft  l>lul^  liiii's  iMnttluufil  Iroiu  the  snout 
over  each  *>y«»,  when-  thi\v  arc  mn.st  ilJHlniit.  siinl  n^'uiii  approximating  .'lUil 
coutiiiimd,  1  on  each  side  of  thf  bivso  of  tho  dorsal  tiu,  but  tuidiT  the 
Ihi  I'iitlier  liriikeii  into  x  linuar  ri>vv  of  B]>c>ta:  anothitr  litio  crosjex  Ibo  eye- 
bull  uliovc,  mid  behind  the  nppnr  single  id'  the  orUit.  \»  a  line  which  in 
•  ontiiiiipil  ti)  tho  row  cd'  BCfile»  nbovt;  the.  latertil  linu;  u  bar  rrosHen  tlm 
pri'iirliital;  iv  llni'  niiiti  idon^  the  aiilinrbltal  chain;  aiiothur  line  oxtoinU 
hiiukward  from  thr  coriiiT  of  the  inoiith,  iind  tiiidiT  tlio  Miiburbitul  one, 
Mild  ii  blue  line  colors  the  upper  lip.  Un  ouch  of  the  nperctilur  Huule«  is  a 
bliiiNli  bloti'b,  Tho  dorsal  iind  anal  IIqh  are  spotted  with  bhu',  a  spot 
t<xi8tiiif^  an  i^iiih  Hralo,  uu<l  n  blue  bur  croi^tteH  the  liatii'  of  the  laut  anal 
rays.  The  tTaiidal  is  browitiHli,  as  are  uJho  tho  ppctorula.  The  ventrals 
ilitrk,  and  thu  ^piiu-  oiifdidci  bluish,  like  thi>  front  of  the  Atial. 

"Those  roliirH  lue  n-tiiiiu'd  until  the  lish  hiii  attiiinrd  a  lenffth  of  uiore 
thiin  L!  inches,  the  cdiii^f  i  liange  ln-in}j  elVected  Ity  the  slightly  greater  isola- 
tion of  the  spots  on  tho  rows  above  tlio  lateral  line,  so  as  to  break  their 
contiitiiity  lui  lines;  and  eti]tuciully  iu  the  failing  away  of  the  bine  ring 
and  urelloH  of  th«  doraal,  witirh  ha.N  then  hrt'oiiie  very  faint  and  is  tb« 
firxt  t<i  disappear.  Finally,  in  the  very  aged  individnala,  more  than  'A  inches 
long,  the  color  id'  tin-  Imdy  and  scaly  portion  of  the  fins  li:t8  Imcome  alnioet 
ji  uitlforni  browni«]i  cluHtiiiit,  and  \6ry  indiHtinct  traces  of  the  linc.-t  on  the 
iip)ier  Hiirfaee  and  Hide;*  of  the  head  art-  pBrcei>tlldc.  The  n.tkcd  portionH 
iif  the  dorsal  and  anal,  as  well  as  the  k-entral  tins,  are  very  d.trk,  and  the 
jioctorals  yellowi(ih.  The  prolilv  \»  uIho  apparently  8tce]ier  and  more 
convex,  and  the  body  niorc  (rbe«e. 

"  TLii*  specicH  nndergoes  great  change  with  age,  and  on  two  snites  of 
Hpecimens  two  nuunnal  ttjieeicH  were  fnnoerly  hiiaed,  the  author  having 
been  deceived  by  the  eoniparafi vely  Itmg  retotition  of  the  colors  of  the 
yoinig  in  Acvcral  iinlividuakr  and  the  early  aHHuinptiou  of  tho  ailult  state 
hy  others. 

"  In  stinlying  the  development  of  this  speciea.  I  have  had  hefore  me  not 
\tinn  than  'A2  iiidividaalH.  exhibiting  every  gradation  fntin  the  epeeiuien  H 
line.-*  long  t<i  1  nearly  :U  inches  long."     (Uill.) 

Our  Mpeeimeiis  coulinn  thiH  exeidieut  account.  On  comparison  of  thin 
species  with  /•,',/««cif»,  the  only  constant  dillerenee  we  note  i.-^  that  of  the 
increased  ninuher  of  small  accessory  scales  abont  the  head,  and  the  some- 
what broader  proorbital  of  Kiipomnccnlrux  lei'li/rnniim.  Length  li  inches. 
C^ape  San  Lucas  to  Panama;  abunihint  in  rook  pools;  a  beautiful  little 
fish,     (rt'clMn,  straight;  /rmum,  bridle.) 

Pomaeriitrut  rrtli/nenuui,  OlLL,  Proc.  Ac.  Kilt.  8<-i.  I'hlia.  18(12,148,  Cape  San  Lucas 
(Coll.Xiiutuii);  liCuruEB,  Cat.,  IV.  28,  1862;  «;ux,  iTiw  Ac.  Nat  Soi.  I'hila.  1863,  218; 
•ToKDAM  kV  Illl.liKKT,  I'rni-.  U,.S.  Nat  Miir.  I8«2,  3W,  :n7. 

I'omaceutni*  analigiilta,  OI'XTIIIB.  Col.,  iv,  77,  1862.  Cape  San  Lucaa.     (Cotl.  Xautua.l 

IW».  EVPaXAlOTKl'S  ANMIdS  iPiwy). 

HendSi;  depth  2  (2J  in  total).  D.  XII,  14;  A.  II,  12;  soalea  3-28-10. 
Body  rather  deep,  the  anterior  pr<dile  much  convex;  luterorbital  space 
strongly  convex ;  eyo  longer  than  wimitt,  Hi  in  head.     Preorbitul  auil  pre- 


Jordan  and  Evermann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     1555 


opercle  sharply  9crr»te.  r.-nuljil  well  forTcert,  tbi*  upper  lobe  the  luDKer, 
especially  iu  niikleB.  i-owcr  liiiilj  of  prrtipcrrle  scaly,  llciul  cxrept  Rumit 
Dcaly.  Sooty  bhic-lilark  in  life,  not  |i;iler  below;  eiich  sirnlo  of  buck  and 
iiidos  vritli  nn  incnuMpii'iKiiiH  brou/o-olivii  Mpot :  .a  faint  pulcr  bund  around 
oaiidnl  peiliiticio;  bond  with  amnll  npot)*  of  sk.v-hlitt},  tli<mii  b<.>l'nre  i«ye 
o1>l<iiig;  irtt«  bliioaml  gilt;.  Hpiiiousdormtl  with  blitoaiiKi  with  lin>i))tt«H])iita; 
r^oft  dorH;!!  willi  luio  bliio  iminta;  (lorsal  witli  w  r<iibi)iarf;iiiid  biiiid  nf  pulei  ; 
tills  biuid  on  s<pinuiin  dorstnl  foriiiiMi  uf  li  oblii|iro  yclluniHli  i<tri]M-8  with 
a  bliiinh  8tri|>t-  between  thrni;  caiidiil  bluik.  paler  at  tip.  ita  biist)  with 
blue  Bjiotsj  iiiiiil  bluck,  with  \t\\\v.  point.^  at  biuto;  i\  whitish  npot  ai  base  of 
Ittat  rity;  a  conspicunii)*  blimk  spot  nt  h.-ise  nf  n^ypor  portnral  riiyg;  no 
black  bliitfb  (in  liac:k  of  tsiil.  Leui;th  4  iiiolien.  Here  <iesiTiln'd  from 
speeiiiious  from  Key  W«Ht;  the  npecieH  perliiipa  not  tliAtiuct  from  Eupoma- 
ifnlrug  IruronlitiiiK.     (a»n1i»,  from  tb»;<  piilo  iin;il  epot.) 

I'tnaarrnlrun  aualit,'  PnKY.  .'<,Ttin|»il!t.  327,  1W17.  Havana. 

I'unuuentru*  oUca mtun.  .louKAN.  I'm-.  U.S.  Nat.  Mnn.  1HH4,  133,  in  )iiirt;  deaeriptlon  <if 
1  from  Key  Wi-it ;  ntit  of  Pnty. 


lOflfi.  KUPOaACKXTBI'N  OTOrtlOKCH  (Piiey). 

Pb-ad  3i  (i  in  total);  depth  ivboiit  2  ('-'S  in  tfltttl).  D.  .\II,  U;  A.  II,  12; 
Bcale*  ;j-27-{».  Vertebrate  II  +  ir>  =  2fi.  F'rolile  ovaj ;  the  lino  of  th«  fore- 
head 8t«ep;  suout  short ;  muxillnry  reaching  hiilfwny  to  thopye;  anborbitiil 
anil  preoperclo  serriited  ;  ciiioIbI  lunate,  the  upper  lobo  the  lonKcr ;  |>oct(»ni.l 
loiiinied.  Color  browii;  at]  the  bend,  exeept  tli<?  opprcle,  blaekisli,  iia  «cU 
as  all  the  I'mB,  of  u  liieh  the  ])ointH  nro  oranp^e;  n  blark  npot  on  the  trunk 
of  the  peetorul,  iiuotlier  on  (he  opercle  nbove.  I^eiijjth  5J  ifielies.  Cuba 
(Poey.)  Not  aei'U  by  uh.  (or;,  ear;  dofjfo},  to  bear;  from  the  dark  spot 
on  the  opercle. ) 

I'omaerttirut  nlopttonit,  PoiT,  Momorfka,  II,  184,  IMIO,  Havana. 

liM7.  EirPOHACGYTKt'M  LKrniNTH'TI '.^  aiiillir  .^.  Tnischeb. 


(Bbai'  Gusoour:  Cockbtk  Pilot;  Black  Pilot.J 

Head  3i  ;  depth  H  1  >•  X II,  13  to  15 ;  A.  H.  12  to  14  ;  f.va\m  3-29-!l,  Dody 
eoinpresscd,  dorsal  and  ventral  nutliiieN  siiidlnr,  prolilu  eonvcx,  coiive.'sity 
more  )M'«iiiineut  in  in terorbital space;  month  moderate,  maxillary  scarcely 
reachiiv;;  vertical  froiu  frout  oC  orbit;  dliiiiR'ter  of  eyoHj  in  bond,  jjroater 
than  this  len-jlb  of  the  HDont:  preopercle  serrate;  Hnborbital  Huk  denticu- 
late ill  adult-*  (:U  i:iiiies),  sinoolh  tii  the  yntiun.  Color  in  life,  dark  (dive- 
brown  anti-riorly I  eleur  yellow,  with  pearly  retleetiouB  on  sides  ajid  below ; 
the  caudal  peduncle  and  tiu  rich  golden  yellow;  bend  olive  above,  golden 
below,  the  colors  chanpng  InHeuaibly;  head  with  nnmeronN  spots  of  dark 


■  f'nmaerntrtit  iiiiu/i»,  I'OEV.  Deptb  S|  tn  total  li-n|[tli ;  eye  2f  in  lieiiil,  »h  long  a)lllnnllt,' 
Il>wl•^  tifrt'milMr  ftjiini*  v*^ry  *Ustinct:  preupnrvlu  ami  a  u  barlii  t  ii  It  (mi  Untl.  Culor  dark  hrnwn 
witli  l>Ui>'  |i(iluls  on  tliK  Kiili'H  nt  th»  heatl.  anuii'  iitont;  tlx-  Inink  ami  iiiuny  nlnag  the 
niMliiui  verlu-ul  UuH;  ti|>  nT  lliti  domat  iitiil  wboU-  iif  ihn  caiiiliil  Urowumli  ycLIuw^  auiU 
l»liii>kiHli ;  the  otliir  liliH  wriitlicil  with  iliukv;  a  liritclil  jKiiiit  nt  lht>  liiuu- of  the  iinalmy: 

ng  wilb  »  liliu'k  ocvlluN  liunivrml  with  Hk,v  lihie  uloitt;  thu  suft  ilursu.! :  older  ioilivid' 

I  nrlUi  2  hlue  IJtieii  hetweDU  lbs  tt;«ii.     Uavaaa.    (I'oey.) 


1  ar>fl 


Bulletin  //,  United  States  National  Museum. 


blue,  closer  Mt  altnve;  thrwe  beforei  eye  and  on  snont  oblonj;.  Btrijiislikc; 
these  Hpotst  appnur  lilatk  in  lifp,  lint  in  spiritH  they  l>ecoiDe  intense  sky- 
hhip,  ami  iiltiiiiat«ly  failoto  wliitish;  oacli  scale  of  back  atxivo  lateral  line 
iinteriorly  ■with  a  vmticatly  cibhnis  stripe  of  dark  blnp;  bebiuil  and  below 
tliPHO.  many  Ki'iilos  have  em-li  a  rniiinl  poiut  of  deep  violet;  one  row  of 
these  (III  npjier  ftt^c  of  raiidal  ]>odiiiic!o  on  niich  side,  and  three  partial 
m^rics  lifiUnv  luterftl  lino;  dor.snl  MuiHh-ldack,  eaob  scale  with  a  bine  point; 
last  rays  of  solt  dorsal  y«>llow;  a  bli^k  point  at  base  of  last  ray;  a  larjyf 
lilackish  lilntidi  oa  tuiddlu  of  llratsoft  ravH  in  theyonnKI  BpinouH  dorHnI 
wirb  a  niar^inai  pale  band  maile  of  '1  narrow  strijies  of  btiiiiih,  ami  2  of 
iliill  oraiiwe;  aniil  gulden  yellow,  its  (>d(jo  dusky,  traci'S  of  a  pale  »pot  at 
l>aso  of  last  rjiy;  ppctoral  yellow,  a  conspinions  bine  spot  at  base  above; 
veulrals  yt-lleiw,  tin;;pd  with  bluish;  a  blarkinb  Motrh  on  niid<11e  of  base 
of  lower  jaw.  About  locks  and  reefs  in  cb'ar,  rather  deep  water;  not 
rare.  WeHt  ImlieM  unrtb  to  tho  8n:ipper  Hanks  of  west  Florida;  conmioii; 
n  handHouio  tiali.  apparently  distinct  from  K,  futcui,  bnt  not  always  easily 
difttingiliiibcd. 

A  specimfln  in  good  condition  from  Pennaeola  in  thnii  described  (nnder 
the  name  Pomnriuli-iig  t'liiultilh) :  |{(>ad  3J ;  depth  2,',.  D.  XII,  14;  A.  II, 
13;  81'aleH  4-29-9.  Form  oblouK-ovale;  the  anterior  proIHe  moderately 
convex.  I'ronrbititl  and  prooperolp  well  serrated.  Tci-th  moderate,  entire. 
Soft  parts  id'doraiil  Jind  .■mal  nithor  high.  Upper  jiiirts  dusky ;  the  proater 
part  of  t^arli  sciile  (vf  a  llf^ht  gniyish-bliie;  lower  iiiirts  bright  yellow,  with 
some  blue  spots  ou  the  scilf* ;  top  iind  Btde^  of  lieiid  einiilarly  marked  with 
Idnish  8]>ot8  on  the  acateH;  a  jet-blai-k,  ink  like  spot,  ucetlatcd  with  bine 
on  the  buck  of  the  t:iil ;  dorsiil  Jin  coloied  like  tlio  liack  ;  tJie  posterior  soft 
niys  iibrnptly  yellow;  cuidal  lin  bright  yellow,  lower  fin«  chiefly  yellow. 

Wo  have  ;il80  t!n^  following  iiotra  on  ti  N])e(niiieu  from  lt;ihi:i,  ;il80  calbKl 
"I'liiitldlln ;''  it  is  very  slightly  nioro  elongati>  than  l-l.  funi-aK.  Its  colora- 
tion i.H  liirgely  yellow,  the  Hiia  not  binck;  blue  points  on  h^^ad,  ba«e  of 
Ciuidnl  iind  luiiil;  axil  dark;  a  bl.ick  blotch  on  dr)rH:il  ,ind  1  on  li.Trk  of 
(■snidal  pediintle  burger  tlian  in  the  young  of /Htm*  and  less  ocellate.  The 
forelioad  is  less  ileciirved,  and  tUiTe  is  a  white  dot  at  base' of  last  anal  ray. 
I'erbapH  caudnlit  (^-hitco»ti<'tii»)  nltjo  is  ono  of  the  protean  forms  assumed 
by  fasritt,  and  it  may  bo  that  I'omarentrHa  ;)l<'(u(i  of  Castelunu,  browD,  witt 
the  caudal  mostly  yellow,  is  one  of  iho  forma  of  the  same  lisb. 

(litVHdi,  white;  jrixros,  spotted.) 

Pamaetnlriu  leucoilitlut.'  ML'LLKB  k  TBOsonBL.  in  Schambnr|ik'«  Exo.  Itarluidoa,  874, 
1848,  Barbados;  <;Onthbii.  <'al.,  IV,  31,  1IMI2;  JOUOAN  &^  GlI.»iEKT,  8>-D0paiit,  810,  1M3; 
Jc>BOA»,  Pnio.  V.  S.  Nat.  Mua.  1884,  133|  JuBDiUt  Jt  Uoixmak,  Pnw.  CS.  Not  Mm. 

1888,  ssa. 


•  ■■  I'omMfnInii  teuenttittvM,  SliiU.  Bt  Tr.  oov.  npt-c.  I).  l3-lSi  A.  3-13.  Black  Pilot. 
Itnau  tirajtory. 

"Thin  unwifH  acrwK  w(tli  I'./it^tii*  of  Hnvipr  et  VulPJirirnnes:  it  distinffuiahm  Uavlf, 
h(ivircvi-r,  uy  niinHTDii.s  wliit«  ilol«,  whjcli  aris  i'a|ui!iiilly  itUuiitluut  lioneatli  liio  dnnuU  and 
ntK>v«  till'  anal  lin.  wlifri'  imn  is  |>1bi*«<I  on  iMrh  iwjiIp.  '     (Miiilir  A  Tro*rlirl.) 

tn  th"  v^'iineiT  initlvtdiiiiln  thv  uhili-iioU  art'  niurli  more  <li«UDot,  and  Ihia  may  have 
Inilix 'nl  rlic  llalivrmen  to  give  Lliem  the  name  uf  lieau  Gregory ;  ths  fuli-Kruirn  apecjaian 
in  lullvil  liliKk  1-llut. 


Jordan  and  Evermatin. — Fishes  of  North  A  met  tea.      1557 


Pomaemtm*  eavdalU,'  Tocr,  Synopsis,  328,  1887,  Havana,  yoimg:  Jobdah  Si,  SwAlM, 

Pmi'.  r.  R.  Nut.  Mils.  1884,  5i.'i.  JORUAN,  Pmo.  I'.  S.  Nut.  Mug.  1H90,  325. 
/'omarrnfrMjrfantAurtK.t  FOBV,  Memoriaii,  II,  19(1,  18(1(1,  Havana. 
Pomaetntrvt ilonopMniemu,\  Vowt.  Synopaia,  328.  1807.  Havana. 


leSH.  Kl'POaACr,>TR[IS  PLAVtVENTKR  (Truocbnl), 

Depth 2]  ill  total  li'iigtb  with  cuudul  («li<>ut2i  witliout).  I).  XIIj  10;  A. 
11,13;  P.  20.  Interor)>ital  gjiiaco  convex,  the  iipiior  prolilii  rtirverl;  only 
puKtorior  part  uf  Kuborlntal  ring  di'iitat's  v(:llt^u).^  luiig,  tlu*  til:iiiu>iitouN 
tips  reaching  tip  of  (Irst  iiiial  rtpiii<>.  Color  almvu  l>ro\vn,  ]ni8«ing  iiitii  ><>1- 
luwish  below;  )vtiii«h  wUito  dwts  only  uu  tliu  lieiid  aliuve  uuil  ouilorHiil; 
pniulH  uf  (Lorsal,  puutoral,  ventral,  final,  and  camlal  yellow;  sidu  l><4uvv 
lateral  liue  with  aome  ^0  ntraigbt  ilarli  titrcaks,  corroMjiundiug  to  the  L>(lg(<8 
of  tbo  B('.'iU:s  :i8  in  A'./m«''U(i;  iid  wliilo  poiiit-M  below  hiter.il  liau;  a  faint 
rouuil  dark  spot  Just  lieluw  latonil  line  iiutler  aoveutli  aud  uiglitli  durital 
apinea;  iimiiiilar  oue  under  Jt.-i«e  of  lirst  3  B<ift  rays  of  liorsjii;  a  dintiurt 
blatk  spot  on  back  iif  tail.  Atlautic  coast  ol"  Mesiro.  Length  'i^  iuchi^B. 
(Troschel.)  Proliably  ideutical  with  £. /Mtii«.  (Jtarut,  yellow;  venter, 
belly.) 

I'omamntrtu  Jlartcnilrr,  TBOacUKL,  lu  J.  W.  vou  Millkr's  Rrju'ii  in  Mcxiro,  eta.,  OS, 
1805,  Atlantic  Ocean. 


itifl*.  KUPuajtrE>TRrR  flavilatuk  (GW). 

(PESCitOO  AKt'L  tJli  DOH  COLUBU.) 

Head  3t;  dtvpth  2.  1).  XII,  15;  A.  II,  13;  scal<>9  29;  pyo  in  head  31; 
p«<'tural  in  lieiid  1^  ;  vcDtral  in  head  1 ;  lungeHtdnrNal  apineS;  second  anul 
spiiie  2.  lUxly  deep,  rtibuHt;  aiitfrior  prolilt)  lunre  or  leua  ninvex  and 
broad;  general  appearance  of  K.  recii/ntMum  from  wbiili  this  B«eui«  to 
dilVer  only  in  i-ulor.  N«  blue  upots  oven  in  specimens  3  to  5  int'hoa  long; 
pouterior  part  of  body,  e-specially  pectoral  ami  ciiiidal,  liglit  yellow;  rest 
of  body  piib.T  than  in  rrrtifnrnam  but  color  variable;  veutraln  black; 
dorsal  and  anal  dusky,  more  or  less  pale  posteriorly;  pectoral  with  a 
very  distiut-t  bl:ick  spot  at  base  of  upper  raya.  E.  rnH/rwnitm  has  thf 
tail  and  caudal  us  dark  a»  other  tins,  which  is  not  the  vnae  in  flui-itatuB. 
Here  d«!»irib<Ml  from  iiiimoroiiB  aperimens  from  Socorro  I.slund,  2  from 
Clarion  Inland,  and  I  fniui  .San  llenidicto  Inlatid,  tbo  targt^Mi  about  5 
inches  bmg.     Thi.i  \*  iirobably  the  adult  of  the  species  of  wliidi  the  very 


•Pamaoentrug  cauacUii.  t'otv.  Dnrk  limwin  rnmUil  tmil  |ioH(rri<ir  Ivnif  nl' <)»raal  anil 
•nal  browaiah  yellow ;  «I(T  lihir  miwIs  oii  aidoH  of  hinul  lutil  rrom  o(  Inxly .  txailar  apot  on 
dcirMal  aurroimued  wlili  akj-bliie;  u  niiiillar  ucnlbiA  on  luitk  <  fi^uiidnl  wIikIi  JUcIuKidshm 
it  rnini  a7i(i/i>.     l.<'n^tli  1!  iiiehcH.     ilaTunii.     (]*<kc>)',> 

\  I'timacfntrut  xanlhunis.  I'OEV.  Korm  of  f.  iilny/Mrut,  th«  JirolllK  of  Hii>  head  leas 
roiinili-il:  maxillary  reacliine  in  front  uf  the  oyo.  wliich  in  <'4  in  h<«<l .  scrrniioiiH  nn  tlir 
lienil  Wi'ttkcr^  coliir  lirowu.  blnt-k  nlwive,  yellow  Iwlow:  pectorals  anil  veiitralH  oraiic*,  iia 
Is  tikc  eau'liU  and  tlie  iwint  of  tlic  dorsal ;  roolral  liluRU'nl  varmine^  u  Idailt  spui  ut  tLo 
bnao  of  tin- iiittorul  above;  tliti  mIkus  of  tin-  scnlm  (larkor.  Cuba.  (I'm'y.)  LDogtlj  4 
ilirln*s.    <fal'Sf>i,  yellow;,  ovpa,  tjiil.) 

',  lUttnacfntntA  dortHtjtunieaTU.  I'^^BV.  HfMly  oblong:  cob>r  blark,  sliitiinf;  liln^  in  lifr; 
tail  yblloK;  nu  uL'ularsput  on  (lornal  tin.  bvugCli  11  luclieH.  Huvaiiu.  (I'ocv.)  |((«r«i(ni. 
bucli:  inniuani.  btnslijni:!.  Tin- ii["Mi«>a.  'oww  ft»  HpeciMc  naroi?  to  the  fact  that  llie 
upper  and  unt<>rior  nurt  of  tlio  hesA  and  back  ore  rottdiah,  tbe  aiuuc  as  tlio  corrvapondliig 
l>art  of  ttie  dorsal.'^ 


yunniLr  Ims  Ik'i'd  named  JlavUatua.  The  roiorat.!nn  iif  the  yonng  ia  tbne 
dfscribud  by  Dr.  (iill: 

"Thin  spicies,  hd  far  .-is  kuowu,  undergoes  little  ehaujiu  during  it«  jirog- 
I'oss  to  atltilt  Skfiii.  Tlie  lolor  iibtivf  tlii;  l.itenil  line,  and  un  the  scaly  por- 
tian  ijf  tho  duri»al  liii  before  tlio  luidille  of  its  toft  purt,  is  dark  browu, 
witb  bliio  iin  tlio  crntor  of  I'iicli  «cnk\  while  a  largo  ocelliio,  very  d;irk 
blue,  iiiarKiued  with  li^bt,  iiduruH  tbi'  bark  and  tli<-  doniiil  tin  bot\roeu  tbe 
l.-i.st  Hpiiie  .lud  tht)  Bt.vtli  my:  and  a  siiiiill  octdloH  is  oit  thti  biM;k  of  the  tail 
bubiiid  the(tor«;tl  tin.  Uolow  tlio  latcrn)  line  uiul  bnbiad  tbe  dorsal  ocellae, 
tlie  oukir  ia  liroivuiali-ycUow,  drjrki-r  iu  front  along  the  uiarKins  of  the 
BCMleB,  aud  willi  :iii  iuiIiHtiuct  bliiisb  dot  in  thi'  center  uf  ou<di  si-iile,  exrept 
oiv  tbe  tfiiiilal  peduiii-dn.  where  tht-y  am  abae.it.  The  he;id  above  has  2 
tdiie  liuen,  t  t»ii  e:w'li  Hidi',  (.'outiniK'd  fmni  tbe  snoat  ba<'kward  on  the 
nape;  tinotht^r  line  in  i-i>titiiine<l  from  tbe  upper  angle  of  th<-  orbit  to  the 
row  of  N<,'ale«  :ibovo  tho  l;iter;il  line.  .\  bur  (Towtrs  tbe  proorbitttl  iiud  ii 
line  interrupted  p:tH8e8  uloni;  the  Hiiboibitnl  chain;  a,  bur  io  behind  thi^ 
nuds  of  tlii^  iiKixilbii  y.  The  HciileH  un  tlie  ebeekH  and  opercula  :ire  dott-etl 
with  blue.  The  dursiil  Iin,  behind  its  proiliiied  rays,  iis  well  us  the  an;il, 
i-ikudal,  pectoral,  and  vi^utral  tiiia  are  yellowii^b:  tbe  forniur  faintly 
marked  \vith  blue  on  itti  Mealert,  and  utargiued  in  front  with  dusky;  ibe 
ventral*  avi-  likewise  niarf^itied  ou  tbiiir  outer  eilj^ea  with  dtmky." 

A  epeciineii  from  .1  rtick  piml  at  Mn/.atlun  wa«  folnred  as  follows:  Au 
iriegnlfti' line  fiom  snout  below  eye  to  soft  dorsal  divides  the  fish  into  2 
partH;  below  this  line  all  is  lirilliaut  yelloxv  with  au  oi.tuge  Hbude,  dee]i4.>iit 
ou  anal;  above,  all  is  tbe  bti^bt4<Ht  sk\-bliie;  aoaleM  darker,  but  all  ed};ed 
with  sky-blue.  (>  sky-blue  stripeu  i>n  iipjier  part  of  head;  an  indigo  spot 
ou  baw  of  tirttt  ray  of  »oft  dorsal  and  la.-*t  doiHul  sjHiies,  extending  ou  back, 
this  surrounded  by  n  rin>;  of  hky-blue;  ii  stinihir  siualier  ticellati'd  s])ot  ou 
back  of  caudal  ])cilnut'lL'.     Lrrifrtli  1  iuiU. 

Cape  &aa  Liu'a«  to  .Ma/.atlau  ;iiid  beyond ;  very  abundant  in  rock  pools; 
the  nio«l  brilliantly  ndored  rtuiall  lt»li  in  Me.viean  waters.  Kxi-ept  for  the 
marked  diJl'ereuic  in  lolor.  the  specieM  can  si-.arr-fly  be  separated  from 
K.  rirti/niHiitii,  iiu  i'(|ually  abundant  inbstbitiiiit  of  the  same  waters.  We 
liud,  howiii'ei-,  no  intrnucdiate  lonu-s.  the  2  s)>ecies  seeming  to  be  per- 
fectly ri*'|)arated.  It  may  be  noted  that  u  third  inhabitant  of  the  Maine 
roek  pools,  MUrospittkodon  biiirdii,  has  aluiust  exai-tly  the  coloration  of 
Euyotna<yrHtruKjlarilalH«.     (,/farN«,  yellow ;  /a (cm,  aide.) 

J'omacrtilrut  jtariUitii),  (iiLi.,  Prix^.  Ac.  Nut.  Sci.  Hliiln.  li*02, 140,  Cape  San  Luca*  (f'-oll. 
XaiiluBl.  (I  J  ILL)  Ul'NTnKM.  Cut.,  IV,  "JTj  IWJ:  Olii,  PrtK;.  Ao.  Nat  Set.  Pbilii.  1863,  215; 
JoIUjAN  i  UJLBEJiT,  Proi.  U.  S.  Xnt.  Mm.  ISX2,  ;I05. 

1B70.    KUKWJIIAIKSTBCS  PABTITl'S  (Poey). 

Height  3^  in  total  louKth  with  candal  (about  2{  withont).  Color  diu-k 
brown,  with  posteriorlialf  of  the  trunk  yellowiab,  aa  also  the  border  of  the 
tips  of  the  soft  ilorsjil  and  anal;  caudal  yellowish,  blue  posteriorly ;  pec- 
toral orange,  lesw  so  at  base;  ravf*  of  the  fins  dusky;  whole  soft  doraal 
souietiuies yellowish.  Length  3  inches.  <'nlia.  (Poey.)  A  doubtful  spe- 
cies not  seen  by  us.     {jiartitvn,  divided.) 

PoMaenitrut  partitm,  PoiY,  SyD(>|>si«,  -Wi ,  ISII7,  Havana- 


Jordan  and  Evermaun. — FisJies  0/  North  America.     1559 


N 
h 

I 


l»;i.  ErPUIIACE.VTBl  H  rLAMFKONN  (Caviar  ft  VmleaclenoM). 

(I'KTITE  jAtJt'KTTIt.) 

Depth  2)t  in  total  loujjftii  witbcnndal.  U.  XII,  15;  A,  II,  13;  8iale8  3-29-!0. 
I'ritlili!  troni  Hiioiit  to  impe  nearly  straight,  iiiterurliitiil  space  llat;  proor- 
bit-al  riiigsi>rriit«?  iioHti'iimly  ouly  ;  f!in<lH!  pt'ilatii-le  very  short;  «iorsal  uuil 
aaai  lubeii  puinterl.  Hrowii  with  a  liliwk  8|(ut  tit  Iiiiho  of  itecturtil  on  axil 
autl  •■xtuudiuK  <^>>>  tin;  :>'  l>l:i<'U  Hpot  lii>hiii<l  tlurHul  on  cauilul  iieduiiclu; 
many  pul(>  sputH  011  Mtdo  of  anal,  (.(itlmthcr;  Ciivior  <&  V'uK-ui'kniu'it. ) 
Longtli  ii  inches.  Wi^st  luilieb;  recordnl  I'roiii  Jaiiiiuwi  anil  M.')rtiuii|iifl; 
little  esteemed  and  abamloned  to  the  uegroos.  Not  necu  l>y  it».  (plaiiut, 
pUiie ;  from,  forehead. ) 

Fomatentnit  planijToiu.  (TVIKB  A   V-UJt.SfiKNNls*>,  Hint.  N»l.  Puim.,  v,  4:tl,  1«30,  Mar- 
tinique (OoU.  U.  PliW)i  UCktiikK,  Citt.,  IV,  :u.  1802. 

623.  NEXILARIUS,  Gilbert. 

St-rUarint,  Gilbert,  in  Jobuam  &  BvKBiiAirK,Cbeck-Li»t,512,  I8IM1  («»i«««<<>r)  j  misprhiiad 
Jlexilarii. 

This  gi-nii8  is  very  dose  to  Ahtultfduf  &\\t\  e«pi"(ially  to  tlicHection  ('itlloil 
EimehUloiiHK,  i'nmi  which  it  iliiVur8  iti  huviu^  (li(«i>ra:id  Miiliurbiljilii  entirely 
iHlnate  to  the  cUi^oka,  lui  in  LrjiidoziitjiiK,  and  uim-n-il  by  m!a.]<»»  ho  that  the 
oufliDes  i-an  not  be  traced  without  diHHoctiun.  One  ai)eci<ui  known.  (Nrjr- 
ilU,  bound  dowu.) 

ii>;-.'.  XEXiLAUii'KroNiaiJiu  i<;iii>. 

HeitdSji;  dej.th  I).  I>.  XIII,  12;  A.  (I,  10;  «iili-s  .l-2ft-10,  -Jl  pores. 
ISoily  broadly  ovate,  the  anterior  pruliii'  forirdiig  a  ett'op  Hint  uriirly  eren 
L-urri>  from  (Iri  MUont  to  front  of  dorsal ;  iiitororbitnl  8p:ice  convex,  rather 
brnad»'r  tbiui  eyo,  whiib  ia  34  in  h«;iil;  xiioiit  a  in  ht'ud;  proorbitjil  broad, 
uot  noti'bed,  its  \eaat  dujitb  at  aii^le  of  lootitli  5  in  head,  it«  greiiU'Ht  ver- 
tira.1  lU'pfh  fij;  Biiborbitsil  broad,  icuiipletoly  rovorud  by  xcules,  its  t'djjo 
nut  free  and  to  be  it«i-ei't:<iued  only  by  dissvriiou;  lower  lip  with  a  broad 
frne  niiirgin  without  utediaii  freiiiiiii;  tneth  liither  broad,  deeply  not<-hed; 
prcoponli' t'litiru,  with  :i  Hhiiltuw  conravity  buhind;  dursiil  Hinnt'M  riith<-r 
luw,  the  lit'th  highoNt,2  ill  bcail ;  soft  iloisiil  itnd  anal  itioilvratily  el^vatoil; 
ii]>per  lobe  of  onuda)  lousiest  and  broailest;  jMM-toruls  its  long  ;is  head; 
VfntnilH  a  littto  longeij  Jibiiiientontt  ut  tip.  (.'olui'  damky  olivr,  neurly 
pl.'i.iii,  with  trai'1'8  of  li  loo.-id  dM«ky  troMo  shadcA  lorreHpoiidiiig  iii  those 
in  .1  liudij'diif  lieiiiii/ronii  bat  niui'h  faliiti'r;  souir  faint  olivi'  strrnkB  along 
the  rciwN  of  Brab'M;  liiunall  largnly  dusky;  a  l>Iack  H])4)t,  bioiidt^^t  above, 
growing  narrow  (wlow,  on  up|ii'r  half  of  baar  of  poi-torul ;  brea.st  »onu>- 
tiiiieH  with  ibirk  titrt'akH.  Leagtli  K  imbes.  I'arilir  coiiat  of  reutrul 
Aiiierit-a,  rather  luniuion.  lien- doscribod  from  fipecinifus  taken  by  iJr. 
Qilbi'rt  at  r:>n;nii!i.  Tbr  8pei-iin  strongly  resembles*  Abudefdaf  dcrlirifrau», 
bnt  has  the  preorbital  deeid^dlj  broader,  the  doinal  cpines  lowor,  the 
black  iTosH  baudn  iiiurh  faintoi ,  flie  iiiterorbital  ispace  more  ronvex,  the 
anti.'riur  profile Tiiore  evenly  round<>d,  the  Hiioiit  shorter  and  lower,  betiiiles 
tlie  generic  characjter  of  the  adnate  preorbttal.  (coHOolor,  uniformly 
rolored.) 

EvtchitUidm  cuncolor,  Oii.i..  Trw.  Ac.  N»t.  Sri.  I'biJa.  1862,  146,  Panama.     (Coll.  Capt. 
J.  M.  ]>•>«,; 


1560 


Bulletin  /7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


6x4.  ABUDEFDUF.-   Forskal. 


(I'lNTAXOSO 


i.huAtJd\ff.  FOBXKAL,  Uowr.  Auim.,clc.,M),  1775  (wrdMuj). 
VilnihitutUm.  LACtl'KDK.  Ui»t.  Nal.  roini..,  iv,542,  mi;i  (iimur/wrro). 
A'ltwAirtwdttJ,  OlLL,  Proo.  Ac.  Nat.  Stl.  I'hilji.  1862, 145  (JccJim/roTM). 
Ofi/pJkidodon,  curreotod  RpcUinK. 

Diiily  ili-rp,  couipniRwid,  covcrcil  with  largi-  cU'tioiil  sralcs;  niiont  with. 
Dilt  h€:iI<'h;  prr-tijMTcl<'  anil  |iTi't>rlntiil  iiitirr,  tin-  Imwit  liiiili  «if  |iri'i>[>4TcIi^ 
scalfli'w*;  3  to  4  niws  of  schIvh  lii'twccn  latrrul  liiii'  uiiil  iIiM'huI;  t«M«th  cnm- 
[iri'SHvil,  lixi'il,  iiKiri-  iir  Ii-»s  ilistinctly  •■iiiar{;iiii»t<-,  in  1  m<rie»  in  each 
jaw,  tboMr  Ut'low  iicciipyin;;  iiiiist  of  th<'  IYit  nlgv  iil"  thi'  jaw;  jawx  sul>- 
i'<[iial.  DoiHftI  iisuiiUy  witli  \'X  f.\\\w»,  tbi-  la>»t  slightly  Hliortfr  thuii  the 
inerliaii  (iiu'h;  UiuiH'hiustcgttlh  5  orO;  [►vliiric  cscohS.  Lower  pbarytif^calH 
triaiiK"'*"'-  8[ii't;irH  injiiirri<ii«;  uflni  1»ripbtly  onlon-il;  almut  ciiral  ri'<"r9 
in  thr  ti-fipical  BfSiH.  Wr  cxcltiilf  I'nini  tliis  ^ciiiik  all  tllo  ftpi'oifs  fnriiMTly 
n'furn'il  tn  (Hgphitlnrlvn^  in  wliic-li  tlir  t^'itb  nr<-  iu  iiiort-  tban  1  ni-rii'S, 
&in\  a\m>  thoKe  in  which  thi'  siiuiit  io  Hculy,  or  the  luwer  pburyii);i'!il.s  not 
tri»lij;nl!vr.  For  tbt-m-  (•vriiipi  liiftV-iviit  ^»'iiiTi<;  iiUtiii'H,  nemiijlyphidodon, 
Jmbhiglifphuhdoii,  (Sinjihiitodoutopg,  etc.,  have  Iwi-n  (Ictiiicil  liy  HIecker. 
The  geiiUH  MHtegttKUs  Jcnyns  (iiHbricofun)  is  iilfnt  vrry  oIobc  U>  Jhude/dnf, 
but  it  scftiis  to  huvi*  «'iitin'  ti'cth,  um\  th<'  suimt  iiiul  finB  aru  di-ntMsly  scaly. 
Thf  gi'tiUH  XejriliiriiiH  in  \<-sn  cluaily  ri'lattMl  t«  Ahtitlrfdiij'. 

{iibii-({ff(fuf,  Arabic  t  uaiue  of  the  tyj"'  of  tbt'  g»'nas,  ChatoHoK  Bordidwit 
For»kal.) 

I.  l're(i[H)rclo  entire. 

OLVrUISJlDON  (-/fkuiif,  InciBpd:  itSnut.  tooth): 

a,  Prwffbltal  very  narrow,  Its  Iwmt  l>ri'a<IHi  li'»«  tliaii  jinpll,  eTcn  in  adult:  antertor 
proHle  iiT  iwju]  iit'nrly  atnu^bt,  the  mikiiiI  rulher  ouutA:  dorsal  apiiwa  lit;  tual 
witb  about  12  aol't  rajB. 
b.  ScsJeii  Hbdiil  4-3(1-11;  green,  with  about  6  dark-bino  or  blackUh  <-rt>H»  ttuiitsi 
de]>tb  IJ  to  2  iu  leugtli ;  koiil  rayn  II,  12.  saxatilib,  IVTS.^ 


•  There  worn*  Ic  be  no  pood  reaiiuu,  oic<-|i(  itn  odd  fomi,  for  rfyectiiig  the  Anibic 
given  b;  FurakAl  to  cbts  {;«iiiia.    Tbc  diHii""*iH  Riv-i>n  Uy  tliis  I'XccUvul  aullior  ia  Tcn^ 
|iflrtiu*Mal.  aiu\  t\H>  biiriiaot  tlin  nAine  in  the  hhtum  um  tlmtii-f  Acanfhurua.     Coder  tlin  b^ao 
of  ChtrlotUin.  Forskiil  wtWLTVcft: 

-'Uriirin  lim  HulidivUionfDi  jwituitliC:  lat  l.'ll^lvroi>oN:  di-utibiia  tlliformlbun,  lireribiM, 
unDiiToniK,  iniillnriini  unliuuiii,  iluunli),  uontls.  lut<'rli>ribiiH  ai«UHiiii  uiiuoribiiD.  1'.  IJr. 
rndiia  li.  Sitioir  I'.A.U.  ((j)  AnuDKKPifF:  iliTiUliim  iDBxilliiribU')  uniiin  I'uriei,  llliforuiiliiin. 
4;nnli|n>i'^-  MubiiMittlllbiiM,  obtusiH.  tIeotibuM  fsiuriiiin  iiuilljj);  anoulii  MtibtU9  cirojt  oruU^a. 
I*.  iSr.  mil.  5.  Siiiiiii'  I'.  A.  2.  (c)  ACAnmn'iiu*;  doutiliiiK  iiiiiim  fi'riui,  riuidin.  luiitln.  con- 
ll^^rt,  vrl  litnpliribiiri  vt'l  litluti^.  Cuutlii  in  utrtMine  tutcrti  aculfo  iiiio  vel  pluribua;:f 
fiHorto  <>t  riplilo;  wl  tnobiU  et  rwoiidi-inbi.  Uivisiaiu  proruuR  a  CliiLtudnntc  genum 
aliunanilr  jiroiii-taDi  cnjisiituDuit  faiulliaui  " 

Afm*tr/tttf/  ntiin  ciirrtiMjHiDdH  ui  ^eiierul  to  tlir  fflTijilv  I'ovtaeentridtr^  as  Acantkunu  to 
the  Tfulhiitiiilir,  niid  it  r«-»t»  on  tbp  «mii<'  tiuatB  im  the  latter  nanip.  ProlMihly  KornUAl  in 
l>t-a<ti'*l  l<j  liiniiitb  I'Ui'li  ci'Ui'a  witb  a  clAMai<-al  Daiiif.  In  Ihe  imlilit-utiim  of  KiirtilEAl  a 
piifltiiiimnnn  iiol<'»,  hia  nditor,  famti-n  Xiebabr,  nnKlM^tpd  to  do  tbiH,  mid  iippiin-Qlh  «e 
b«vt<  uo  Hllcrnutlvo  but  to  tako  Almdr/du/  a»  Hti  Jtutlior  tclX  it  iuHteud  of  tbi'  lulor  (llt/i>h 
iMOiion, 

(The  Ditiui>  "Aba-di<filiif,'"  a<-ciirdiiii:  to  Itr.  Cyraa  AiUor,  aiM'iiiH  to  luimu  "  Falb»r  (I  <•., 
poaacAaor)  i>f  ftidi'«."     It  wouUl  liubc&tn  a  HhIi  ^ir  an  animal  wbo»o  aidea  or  (lanka  ara 
proniincnt.    Toanalyic  it :  "aim  "  iinMiiia  rutlitr.  and   'dpf.'   aide  or  rtiiuk.    TIiq  rndDpIl'Bl 
ration,  "dofduf,"  i«  a  sort  of  an  inti-iisivn  plural- 

;  Abudr/ilvf  tvrdidm  la  H  tpvcifM  witb  broat)  preorbital  sjid  anal  liti  witb  13  to  16 1 
raya. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     ir»01 


KVttCUlSTOUt'K  (IV,  well:  ax"'-'W.  ajilit;  oJ«K,  tooth): 
oa.  l'rM>rbil;il  liruail.  ifk  Irant  IifmuIiU  nut  \bM  than  dlauvter  <>r  jiupil,  greater  tluui 
piiliil  ill  tlic  adiiK;  anterior  profilv  uf  licad  niiTflor  Icu  ar<'1ie<l,  tliesnoiitluw 
and  Miint,  |ir<>Jrctiui;  liojiiml  tht-  iiiii»Il  inoiitb;  kuhI  myx  TI.  I»;  colcinttiou  dull. 
e.  DontuI  *piiifa  i:i ;  M-alea  27  or  28. 

(/.  C'aliir  (iliraceooa  with  5  to  7  broad  ilnrkrr  liandH ;  u  liluek  njiot  on  l>iiH«  uf 

pectnriil.  D«(i,iviriioN8,  Wi\, 

ltd.  Coliir  In  adnlt  lirovrniiih,  with  iirei-n  ilotn,  u»t  'lintinctly  handmi;  teeth 

mnaUrr.  |t  oU  Aucli  side.  AXALOOl'8,  IB7S. 

ee.  IKmutl  •pincA  13:  body  with  D  dark  irom  bands,  rainter  than  in  A.. laxatUiti 

soalu  aboal  25.  TAUltnii,  10T6. 

II.  I'rmiperclo  cwtrM}'  A(>rrHt<><1;  doTMil  nplnra  13;  ticalos  vi-r>  iTge,  35:  tiody  with  dnrk 

rroas  hand*.  rduik.  1077. 

Subcenus  QLYPHISODON.  Lii«>'p««le. 

1973.   .tltntCI-nrF  KAXiTILU  (Unnaeiw). 


(PlKTAKO;    r'OWPlLOT:    ('OTKBYK    t'lMlT;    .lAlvrKTit  ,    MAJABRA    RAIAUA  :    DRMOI8RUJi| 

Seboeakt  Major  I 

Hi-iKl»l:  ilopth  l;  to  2.  1).  XIII,  12  or  13;  A.  II,  12(11  to  13);  eyo  3  in 
boiul;  snout  •! ;  highest  doiNa]  spino  2;  sciilen  4-1*8  to  32-12,  21  pores. 
Body  luiiub  tonjpres!<(.'il,  Imnk  little  iirclio<l,  uutoriorproiik"  nearly  utruight, 
iiiterorltilul  iin-a  .sligbtly  touvex ;  tmoiit  not  very  ubtuso,  the  very  narrow 
preorbitiil  not  wido  as  |ni[>il;  uirmth  iiiudfrate,  tbe  iimxillary  rcatbinjt;  to 
vertii'iil  fniin  frutit  of  urhit;  iiinr^'iii  of  preopercle  and  suborl>it;il  riug 
entire;  cheeks  and  op«r<i<j»«<iily  ;  ej«  a  littlu  wuler  than  li-ii^itL  ofisuoiit; 
anout  uot  v^ry  bhiiit,  tin*  jiri'iitiiitul  low,  2  in  wye;  fourth  and  liftb  doi-sal 
Hpiueo  Iiiii^cmL,  ciliKbtly  iit<>ri.>  tbun  ^  tin*  liMij^th  of  tbe  head;  from  tlio 
fiftb  to  litKt  dorHol  K[iiim  tliero  is  n  Blight  dei:rmitie  in  leugtb;  luediiin  soft 
dorBtil  and  iiuril  rayn  tbn  loii|>;e8t,  14  to  U  in  tiir>  iKMid ;  )i<-c(ural  IJnsnttlior 
long,  about  \  lon^itr  tliuii  bi^ad,  reiiohini;  to  tipH  uf  veiitntls,  »)iich  rouch 
front  of  ahul ;  pectontl  abutit  na  lun^  i>h  head;  Hocond  aiiiil  sgdnu  1}  in 
head;  caudal  l'i>rki-<l,  upper  lobe  tbe  lunger;  teeth  rather  deeply  notched. 
Color  In  I i fit.  bright  pule  yeiluwisli  preen;  sidi'g  with  ;'>  or  l>  d<iop  imlino 
baad»  which  extcml  ou  the  dorsal  (in  iind  vvhicli  aru  r;jth*T  narrwwcr  than 
the  int«rs[>aci  B,  the  lirst  from  the  ori;.;in  of  the  durtuil  to  the  {loctoral  fin, 
tbe  Hecontl  downward  from  fourtli  and  liftb  dmsa!  !«[itne.>i,  thi'  third  from 
the  ninth  and  tcutli  duroal  epini^a  toward  the  vent,  the  fourth  from  end  of 
gpinouM  dorsul  to  iiild<llHuf  iiual,  the  lifth  below  the  end  id'  the  itoft  dorsal 
and  continued  an  the  jiooterior  riiyH  of  doraai  and  aniil;  a  faint  Hixtli  bar 
at  base  of  caudal;  dark  liiiH  violet  bhie;  iMitdi  et-alu  ou  lower  part  of  boily 
with  a  pnlo  Idue  H|iut,  these  forming;  faint  longitudinal  streaks  on  lower 
part  of  body ;  sunn-  gobli-(i  on  upper  jtart  of  tbe  body ;  a  black  spot  at 
base  of  pectoral  above.  I.eii^^tb  ti  ini^heo.  Trnpiual  Aniurica,  ou  both 
cosiots;  abnntlaiit  in  tide  piiol»  and  uliniit  coral  reefn  everywhere  from 
(tuayiiiaH  to  I'ei  u  and  finni  Floriila  to  I'liiguay.  We  are  uiiabin  to  dis- 
tinguish the  l^arifif  fnrni  called  lro»chelii  fvom  the  foinmon  suxatilis.  Hi^e 
described  froui  B]>ecimL'iis  from  Ma^atlau,  llavaua,  aud  Socorro  Island, 
(taxutilui.  living  among  rocks.) 
3030 21 


1562         Bulletin  ^7,  United  Stales  National  Museum. 


Jnff^iaeaftunTf,  MXBCnRAVK,  ITist.  Dnizil,  1(48.  Bnuil. 

f'Airfodi.ii  fauiiu  Ui/urfa.fanriit  I'-albit.  Li?OAHlTs,  Man.  AiIol|>ti'.  yrMlorici.  I,  S4,  "India." 

OhaHinlim  taxatilit,  LlSNABCK,  i^.VBt.  Kat.,  Ed.  X. 270. 17B«* ;  aller  Mnn.  Atl.  Fr.;  Ed.  Xll. 

MO,  1760. 
OhirtoJon  inaurUii,  Bi/x^il,  Ichthol.,  Ill,  313,  pi.  1(10,  1786,  Bnuil;  on  a  bad  drairinK  t>f 

I 'rime  Mauhice. 
Chiftaaoii  niarinnntrit,  iiuicw,  Iflilhol.,  in,  88,  i>l. 2U7, 1787,  Martinique;  ou  adnrwinKliy 

rLl'.MIKII. 

Ohjiiliijuiihn  mo'irhurrii,  I,Arl>.)-*.iiK,  Hlat.  Nut.  I'liim  ,  tv,  .'>42,  1803,  Bruil,  olc;  atier  ra- 

rioiiH  iitiliiom, 
Vhirtvdnn  foij/iiidtt.  LACftPtuK. UUt. Nat.  PuIm.,  iv,4S3,  1803,  Martinique;  on  a  ilnwmg 

liy  I't.l'JUIKK. 
(llyphiiliMlini  triiichelii.  (tlLL,  Vrw.  At.  Nat.  Si'l.  Phila.  1802,  l.Vl,  Cape  San   Lucas  (t.'uU. 

.foliu  Xanlii*> ;  UC.VTHEM.  Cat.,  iv,  IIB.  18«2i  r;iLt,  Proi-.  Ac.  Nat.  Si).  I'hjin.  ISRI   a20. 
Olyphiiiwlmt  naxntilii,  CrviKU  A:  VALixriEKXBB,  Ulr>t-  Nat.  roisn.,  v,  4(0,  IKlo,  GuvrbKR. 

Cat.,  IV,  35;  JiiRiiAN  iV  UilJiKRT,  I'rix:.  U.S.Nat.MiiB  18ti2,  jeSiiod  377;  JuuuiJf, Fioo. 

t;.S,Nat.Hii(.  1884, 134. 

SubEcnuB  BUSCHISTODUS,  tlill. 
11174.    ABI'IIKrni  F    IlKl  I.IVI>'RnK.S  (GUI). 


I  lend  31 ;  depth  2.  I>.  Mil,  li;  A.  II,  10;  e.vo  li  in  liciul,  mjiial  to  BBOUt 
ill  tbi.1  :iilii)t;  pectornls  e<|it:i1  to  ht>ail;  tongeHt  (liirN.:!!  fi|iiiiu2;  nttcond  anal 
epinu  2,^ ;  sciilei*  ;i-28-!J.  Body  cruiipreRseil,  tmck  nmch  tilov.'ited,  anterior 
pruGIe  convex,  very  steep,  Hteopest  from  ftuut  of  «'ye  t<(  lUMr^iu  of  iip]>er 
jftw,  the  I'lithiT  broai!  iirtnirlutnl  tisually  wid<>r  thnii  pupil,  ospecinlly  iu 
the  :i<1iilt;  sunlit  Uhiiitifih;  month  Hiiiiill,  iiiaxillnry  not  reiicbiu;;  vertical 
from  front  uleyn,  pn-cipon-lo  and  suliorliital  with  entire  edges;  preorbitnl 
iiiiiiHiially  broiid,  jjniwiug  hruader  with  agu.  DianifttT  of  eye  greater 
thuu  the  leiiufth  of  the  aiiout  in  thi-  yomi;;  L'  itictieH  lung,  eqaal  to  it  in 
0XEVinplt-H4  iiichcB  loug;  dureal  fiiiiiii'«  iiicrpiise  in  Irugtb  to.S  and  i  iocbea, 
then  ilf'OreuHo  to  la.tt  siiine;  soft  dorsa)  ;ind  .in.'il  with  uivdiaii  ruys  iiiodor- 
atfly  prcMhiced,  lougest  dureal  ray  IJ  iu  head.  luugi'Ht  «n;il  slightly  longer, 
(lill  lalmrH  not  very  cloKely  set,  about  Hi  lielnw  thfl  angle;  pectnrala 
BCiircidy  rciK'liing  tips  i>f  veiitrals,  which  reach  slightly  past  vent.  Color 
com pii rati vt'ly  dull  and  plain ;  grceiiish  olive,  iiiottlud  with  ligLl  and  dark ; 
herid  aud  all  ni  the  liiis  excejit  pi-ct<irnl  darker;  (i  or  7  r:itber  broad,  dark 
vertical  barn  on  hidc-x  of  body,  extending  mi  iloraal  (in,  iiMiially  i>  Ixifoie 
caudal  [mdimcli^,  Ihi-so  li'ss  distincl  than  in  .1.  naratilig,  growing  obKcura 
with  ago;  baBu  of  naeli  sraki  on  lower  i  of  body  with  n  p;ih'  spot,  these 
foruiiiig  faint,  indistinct  l<.>ngiliidiii:il  bands;  upper  part  of  baHO  of  pecto- 
ral with  a  cuU!<picuuus  black  spot,  a  good  diagnostic  murk,  varying  in 
ai/.e,  largceit  in  older  individuals;  no  btiii',  >  ullovv,  i»r  red  iu  life.  Length  4 
inchc.H.  Pacific  coast  of  trojiical  America;  abiiiulant  in  rock  pools,  e8p4^- 
cially  about  Mazatlnn,  where  the  spi-ciiuons  heic  dt-acriheil  were  taken. 
(fferfiw*.  Btceji;  front,  forehead.) 

Huifhittwhit  dfflivifroitt,  Gilx,  Prnc.  A«.  Nat.  Soi.  Fhlla.   1S88,  146,   Cape  San  Lucas 

(Coll.  Xuutun)  i  (Jill,  I'nK-.  Ac.  Nat.  .Scl.  Pbila.  1883, 220. 
niifphidodon  ilfeliei/rvrtf,  JoRIiAN  &  GlLBKHT.  Prw'.  IT.  S.  Nat.  Moa.  1882, 348  and  377. 
Abudr/dnf  deeliri/ron:  JoKliAN,  Kiabuaor  Slmtluu,  in  Pror.  Cal.  An.  Sol.  Il«96, 478. 


Jordan  and  Evennann. — Fishes  0/ North  America.      1563 


iD;r>.  ABri>EFni'F  amalooi'n  iubid. 

Head  3;  depths.  D.  XllI,  12;  A.  II,  HI;  I*.  IH;  s.  mlcs  4-2a-;K  Similar 
in  form  t<>  Ahudejilii/  dfriirijiuim,  tEiv  tenth  Biiiiill«r,  21  or  2*2  ou  e»ch  stila 
ID  the  apper  juw,  7  of  whicli  iitv  in  the  delloctL'tl  fmrtiun  Iielitml,  'J')  an 
euob  aide  in  tbo  Iuwit  jivw  ;  [iroilurLHl  purtiuii  of  niia]  liii  ruuiided  nitlmr 
thaii  iui^ulur.  ('tdor  pur]ili(<li  bruwu,  dotti-d  witb  gn-mi  tsu  ttio  o'liler  of 
eacli  Hcule,  uiid  with  the  Cbruut  and  siliduiuuu  •-urerud  witli  u  lakc-i'ulori'd 
I'uat.  (<iill.)  Atliiiitic  iHciHt  cif  Ceutriil  Atuericii.;  not  hvbu  tiy  iih.  Kvi- 
dcutly  ulottely  reluted  to  .1.  (leclirifronn  (whence  the  uuuio  nnatoiiu$,  like.) 

Eiiehitt'i'hn  analoffin,  tiiu.,  I'rw.  Ar.  Njtt.  .Si  i   I'liiln.  lB0:i.3]9,  AEpinwall.    (Coll.  Bot, 
Mr.  itowell.) 

l«7a.  4BI  DKriM  r  TAIKriStMuller  ATrOKkel). 
(UOVETAII.  FjSH.) 

"  I».  XII,  12;  A.  II,  10.  'rh<»  toeth  aro  iiotrlieil.  The  <l«ft  ..f  tbo  month 
iliK^H  not  leui'li  tlie  <i\«;  on  tbo  angle,  of  tbe  iimutli  Ilia  rtiibitihihil  houu  ia 
nearly  tu<  Ijir^e  um  thu  diameter  uf  tbe  oyp;  tbi<  spure  l>et«ren  tbo  «5yi's  ix 
nearly  eitiiitl  to  1^  ili;init>t<T  nf  iin  e\i>.  Tbi)  pntlilc  i»  \vb»  stct-p  thiiu 
iu  ';.  tasatHin,  and  the  5  vwtir«l  txmdM  are  ie>*«  distinct  in  the  present 
sp<?flti».  Its  IiMi^ih  ia7  iin'hea.''  (Mliller  iV  Tmsrhel.)  A  B«'arcely  knowii 
B)»erit'»,  iHieuHJlily  distin^titished  troiii  J.  analogue  by  the  12  dorsjil  spines,* 
jioHsilily  iduntirul  with  .1.  riiilin.     (taiirnti,  bull.) 

Uiifpliiiloiloii  latinit,  Ml^LLEii  Al  TKiiticliEL,  iu  Hohinubiirgk  a  Ui«tory  uf  Barlnuloa,  674, 
IM8,  Barbados.     iTypt'  iii  iiMiniMnn  ul  Iterliu). 

We  pluoe  here  a  flpefie^  wliiuh,  if  corr(!<-tly  deHcrtUod,  would  neem  to 
belong  t(i  u  distinct  i^enus.  Ita  tiifinitifts  are,  however,  evidently  rather 
with  tk«  N|ierivK  ritltud  Kntvli'miodut,  nnd  i'oey'H  ui-couiit  uf  the  iM.-rratii>ii 
of  the  preoperiii:  may  bu  urriintims. 

l»;;.  AUI  DKriM  K  KIUIK  ((>ih>.V|. 

IIc!4m1  4  ill  total  length  with  rtiudiil;  drpth  2^;  eye  1  iu  head.  D.  XIII, 
12;  A.  II,  10;  Hi'ttlo*  vi-ry  biri;e.  25  in  bitcriil  lini".  Mn.xilbiry  rrm-liiii;; 
111  oppnxitc  nostril;  twtb  in  I  raw,  a,tik«  in  si/.e,  nil  deeply  liilirj;  pri'o- 
piTrlc  I'oiiritvly  aerrftted.  rr  Iln»  Hpiiie  mi  tbe  upercle;  lubcH  of  tlio  eandnl 
roundtt'I,  tbe  (in  li(lli<  imlrbi'd;  neioinl  aii.'il  MpiiiH  Htriiii;>;  snout  Inn^ur 
Ibiin  in  A.  MfuraliliH;  Br-alnB  iiilhU  ItiriftT,  Iht'  port's  ol'  lln!  l.-ileral  lino  u<>t 
l»raiii'b©rl.  (.Icdor  lirnwn,  with  .I  bnKul  v<Ttira|  Vmnds  lielorn  ciiudal, 
wbicb  ilewccnd  from  the  liack  to  (be  middle  of  tbn  tluiikH,  where  tbey  l'adi> 
iniieii!«ibly ;  eye  Idai-kiHb;  Qua  dark  broMn;  d.irk  lMindF<  lirond,  with  iiar- 
row  interspace!*;  1  dark  band  more  tbnn  in  J.  taxatilU.  Cuba;  one 
female  10  incbea  in  ienj;tb.  (Piwy.)  A  little  known  species  of  nncertain 
relationship.  If  itn  ]>reopercle  ih  really  Merrate,  it  t'aii  not  belong;  to 
Abuihfilnf.  In  other  re!«peet«*  it  wonld  seeiii  iii>arer  to  the  latter  (;miu» 
than  tt>  Eupomaatntrun.  It  is  very  likely  identical  with  Abudt'/duf  (aaru». 
(rudU,  rough.) 
Utyj>Mdo(tiin  ruiHn,  PoEV,  Mcmciriaa,  n,  191,  ixeu,  Havana;    ODntubii,  Cat.,  IV,  37,  1842. 


*  Ai'Curiliiiu  Ul  Pocy  tin-  typ«  of  thin  xjitH'ii'a  Iijm  tflili'  Pal«n,  In  Ut.)  the  ouloratloiic 
A.  TXtdit  aud  eintilarljr  large  acalea  (atwul  2fi  in  lateral  hue). 


136-1  BulUtin  47>  United  States  National  Museum. 


ttlHIwyt.  I 


625.  HYPSYPOPS,  GilL 

,  aiu,  Prov,  Ar.  Sat.  8ci.  FbiJa.  IMl.  IC5  (ruNniiMlwK 

Body  very  deep,  covered  with  r»th<-r  large  ctenoid  KOkles  vhirh  extead 
on  the  liMfK  <>r  tlio  vertical  (iiin;  ran<lal  pctluocle  8hort  aiid  lU^trp;  heod 
Yen'  ilei'ii,  wi(h  proniiurnt  furebesd  and  Miont;  110  walee  liefnre  uwstrila 
aud  noite  uii  lower  liuil>  of  precpercle;  preorUital  very  derp,  bat  init  i«o 
deepasiii  .ViVrofpa/AcKJon.  j!iWKBu)M<<|aitl;  iiuitith  »iiiall;  teeth  nil  iiarrKn-, 
flxed,  entin-.  those  l>etow  covering;  whole  cd^re  uf  the  jaw;  candul  emar);i- 
oate,  with  roiindoci  liilion.  One  i>(H.M-iee  of  \\\x^v  aizf>.  itn  onlorutioD  i-hau;{- 
tng  with  age.    (t'^i,  high;  uvo,  below;  eS^,  eye,  from  the  wide  preorbital.) 


1»7».  RTPHYPOI'H  RCBUTSOl'M  (Gimrl). 

KiABAHALlll.J 

Meiid  3);  depth  1},  D.  XII,  16;  A.  II,  15;  eye  4)  in  bead;  auont  24; 
]>ectorat  e<(U»l8  head;  bi;{heat.  dorsal  spiue  3;  bigbeet  donml  ray  \\\  sec- 
unil  aiml  npine  3;  Kculee  S-iiO-l^,  21  pores.  Body  abort  and  deep,  ele- 
vated and  cumpreeaed,  conBtricled  l>i<biod  the  doranl  and  anal,  the  onudal 
peditui'le  xhurt  and  deep;  head  Uigh<<r  tUuu  long,  the  pri'orbitiil  and  sub- 
urliital  r(>gionH  being  iiniiHually  deep;  preopt-rcle entin';  ebeeka,  operrle*, 
(ind  top  of  hfiirt  soiily,  exi'cpt  «noiit  and  lower  jaw,  wbirb  arc  naked; 
nKiiitti  oniall;  lipN  thirk;  teeth  rotupretwcd,  narrow,  blnnt,  and  entire,  in 
a  Dingle  row,  dark  at  tipti;  gill  rakera  short  and  llexible,  about  3-|-l:2: 
pre4irbital  anterinrly  a«  wide  as  the  e7e,abont4i  in  hea<l  in  a<1iilt;  rheekn 
with  5  or  (J  rown  of  rather  HUiall  scales,  opercles  with  sieveral  rows  of  larger 
oDe»;  prcorbit^il  with  Hniiill  crowded  HcaloH;  li|>s  thick,  the  lower  witbont 
frenuD) ;  Noft  lins  rather  high ;  pei'toralu  reaching  to  tip  of  ventrala,  nearly 
to  vent.  Adult  iinil'onn  deep  srarlct  in  life,  iiiiuiarkeil,  edges  of  fiiitt 
dusky.  The  ptdorof  the  young  of  this  npeciefl  is  quite  varialile,  and  dif- 
ferent from  tbnl  of  tho  adidt.  The  futloivint;  accoiiut  of  the  coloration  of 
the  youa^  is  ^iven  by  MiB.<t  Rue:i  8niith  (now  Mrs.  C.  H.  Eigeniuaon): 

"  Hitherto  only  the  adult  form  of  this  siiocier  has  Iweu  known,  and  ita 
iiiiiforni  dccji  scnrlet  culoratioii  Iiuh  bei'n  couHidered  to  form  a  niark<-d  I'on- 
trawt  to  the  coioratiou  •>!'  tin;  other  speoieK  of  I'oniacenirHS.  I  have  lately 
sociin-d  nunieroue  younij  speciiueuH,  and  (ind  their  coloriition  i|niti.<  differ- 
ent from  that  of  the  adult,  and  iu  general  similar  to  that  of  the  other 
jncHibcrs  of  this  genus. 

"The  ground  color  is  dusky  scarlet,  with  numerous  markings  of  an 
int«'nft<>ly  bright  blue,  which  occa.sionally  rlianges  to  bluish  green.  Two 
series  uf  t;luD;;itte  «pots  furni  a  blue  stripe  un  either  side  of  tlie  uietlinu 
line,  between  ti}i  uf  snout  und  lieginniug  of  dorsal  tin;  alineuf  Idao  on 
sii]>i!riur  iuar<;in  of  iris  i.>i  followed  posinriorly  by  au  irregular  series  of 
blue  spots  above  the  lateral  liuo  (the  iudividiial  spots  not  quite  eipialing 
di.tmeter  of  iris),  the  last  of  these  spots  is  larger  than  thoHe  which  precede 
it,  being  }  of  the  orbit-al  diiinict«'r,  and  extends  tip  to  the  baee  of  the 
dorsal  fin  at   the  posterior  third  of  the   spinous    portion;   thence  very 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     1565 


nail  dots  continue  Ui  the  I'ud  of  tlie  doratil  fin,  describiiif^  a  curve  which 
ra'-tly  outliiii-H  tb«  extent  to  which  »r ales  cover  the  baxoof  the  articulnt« 
~doranl  rnys:  aooimiiiciioiim  blno  Ajuit  or  bar  crosaes  top  of  candnl  pedniicle 
clow  to  the  j»08t<Tior  insertion  <►£  tlursji!  tin.  Oau  or  more  small  bluuHpots 
at  loiHi!  uf  t'uiulal.  Tbi-  tijiiiie  of  fircit  ray  of  ventral  blue;  HiiineH  and  tips 
of  anterior  ruyo  of  aoal  b]n<^;  a  nearly  rciiiiid  blim  aput  on  |>t>Htorior 
part  of  anal  near  it»  bane.  Sidu.sof  Itody  more  or  leas  dotted  with  bine,  aa 
arc  also  th«  cbefkn  aud  ojmrclps,  PoctoralH  iiiid  candfil  tt<<MiitruiiH|>:irc-i)t, 
plaiu  reddish.  Oroitud  etdor  of  anal,  bri;:lit  red.  Doroal  liii  diiHky,  with 
iiiiiiotu  bine  doU  nnteriur  to  thi-  lu.irklu^H  ntcntioned.  Abdoiiit-n  anil 
iindor  aiirface  of  the  1i4!»d  ligfattir,  iiiiiiuKMiiate. 

"Th«  dujsi-riptioii  ih  made  fruni  BjieciiiioiiM  IjJ  to  2  iufhes  long.  Spoci- 
raouB  k-HS  thiin  1  inidi  Ioiik  bavij  ttio  8piuou»  dornal  almost  wholly  blue  iinil 
fill  the  itiarklii^H  larger,  while  »ii  individual  3^  inclicti  long  Nhowa  tlie 
itiarkiugs  siniiJurly  phu-etl  bitt  relatively  smaller,  t»nd  tlw  ground  eolor  ir 
mure  olivaceous. 

'The  lin  rays  are  proportionately  higher  and  the  oye  relatively  larger 
thni)  in  the  adiili.  The  HuHorbital  and  [treopercle  are  without  Borratiuno. 
The  small  opercular  «pine,  unlike  tliut  of  the  mature  form,  is  siiiootb  and 
wholly  without  deuticnlationa.  The  greatest  depth  of  the  body  ih  about 
\  the  length. 

"Thftse  brilliant  little  fiKhos  inhabit  only  largo,  deep,  rock  pools,  hiiliuj; 
under  the  uea-weed  of  ledges,  and  froqueiitly  Hwimming  out  into  the  (ipeii 
watt-r  of  th(j])0<il,  They  are  aceonipaiiied  by  the  adult,  the  iisiiat  unilorm 
■cailet  Color  of  whi<'h  appearH  :i.  ditttinet  luaterlcsA  ytdlow  in  tbo  water. 
"The  ai^ecimeiis  dc<»c'ribed  were  taken  at  L:w  Jollu,  near  Sun  Diego." 
Coa."!t  id"  Oalifoniia  Honth  of  Pinnt  Coucepcion  ;  ctwimun  in  eb'ur  waterN 
aluHit  rocky  island-n  from  Point  Coucepcion  to  Tudus  SantoH  Huy.  A  buud- 
Bonir  liMb,  reaching  a  longth  of  11  ioibea;  u^  Houieriiluo  ax  food,  (rirbi- 
inndHK,  red.) 

Olyj/hitoilnn  nihieuiKliu,  GmARP,  I^ro<>.  Ar.  Nnl  St'l.  TliUn.  IgM,  14)),  Monterey,  California 
(Coll.  Lkut.  W.  r.  T^a»■brill^•l■) ;  tiiKAiin,  U.  S.  1'*  idc  R  tt.Siir..  .t.  Ifll,  pi.  29, 1858. 

aypntf'V  riibtcunilH*.  (iiLL,  Proc,  Ac.  Nat  Soi.  Fhila,  1861, 105.  and  1803, 318. 

Parma  r»Mfuiii1a.  riVsTiiKa,  Cat.,  iv.  5tt,  1862. 

Pomaeenlruii  rtilnmndiu,  J ononn  Si  UiLBEiiT.  Syno)wiii,61(l,  1883,  Rosa  SniTH,  Pnio.  IT,  S. 
Nat  Miis.  1882,  652:  liXrsA  .SMITU.  I.  c.  1883, 2:14:  .lOkDAN  ,1  liiUiKtrr,  I*r»i'.  11.8.  Nat. 
MuH.li)82.!>2. 

6a6,  MICROSPATHODON.  Giinthcr. 


Mieroipathoilon.  (iDUTHBa,  CbL  Fiabes,  iv,  35, 1882  (ehtytiinu). 
fomalapnon.  Oil,!.,  Prmi.Ao.  Nat.  Scl.  Plilla.  1803.218  Ufortatit). 

Body  deep,  couipreAsed ;  head  wide ;  month  rather  large,  with  transren^e 
cleft;  lower  jiiw  shorter  th.iii  tipper,  Ha  tri-eth  confined  t«  its  anterior  por- 
tion; teeth  iti  I  serie.'i  in  I'licb  .juw,  ull  niovjitile;  tipper  teeth  narrow, 
entire;  lower  broader,  jiIho  entire;  preorbital  very  brorid,  with  a  doi'p 
notfb  between  nostril  ami  m:i\illar\  ;  lovvi-r  limit  of  ]irfO|Mrcle  Mciiled; 
fliuMit  scaled  almoHt  to  the  lipH;  soft  dorsitl  and  anal  Huh  with  luedian  raya 
elovatod;  i^iitidal  forked;  enlnruti^'ii  vfiry  brilli.mt.  Ili'rbivonois  lishoH  of 
the  rocky  islands  of  the  Tropieo,  the  known  species  all  American,  (fitxpdi, 
small;  6nci()^,  sheath;  o6ovc,  tooth. J 


IMO  Ihillciin  ^7,  UniUd  StaUs  National  Museum. 


a.  VertK«]  fins  not  elevated :  omdnt  nliDply  Innnte ;  nolor  hrownfih,  with  Miie  ihadct  ' 
iiIhivq,  tlip  liiwer  lioU'  luort^  iir  K-?*ii  nhruptly  yelluw  ;  vzv\\  Hcole  witli  a  l)lav  dtit ;  a 
black  spot  iiD  luu:k  of  raiwlitl  jmm]uucI«;  nuittril  Ijirgr,  \  eye  In  adult. 

nAIBbll,  ItTS. 
an.  Vurtical  flnH  moch  elevated:  caudal  lobcH  faleatjt. 

b.  Caudal  fiii  yuliti-n  \  i-l)<>w  nr  nrnn^i>  lu  lifi-;  bmlv  ilark  Itmwn  w  ii)i  r<iun<l  apota 
of  dt^p  liliin  oTk  IkukI,  itMiH-,  ami  rtonietiificrt  oil  liM^k.         rnKYhClitJt!i,  tWO. 
bb.  C'aitilol  On  durk,  lik"  llii-  hot^y,  n^t  yoUiiw. 

c.  Itodv  ilurk,  "iirliiklNl  witli  lilu«  airain  like  flakca  uf  huuw. 

niVKatcs.  IWl. 
«i  Tlrtrty  nnt  (•ov^r<^<^  with  l>liir  »nnU:  nnatrll  a  inimlt  jiorc;  vurlioal  Una 
t'nlruie,  vertical  Dri»(1(«<>]il>liii)n-itlmnt  |>aloc4iK>ngi>:  body  d««{>  blue, 
wftli  :>  trir^'ir.  nmiid.  skyliliio  ii|Mtt»ii1>in'«  Interal  Kiio,  1  nearitA  Inmt, 
I  uiiiler  from  of  «|iiii<iiia  ilnraiU,  1  under  liut  Hpine:  a  kino  Hiulille 
Ik'IiIikI  liittl  <liirsal  ray— tliuw  diatluci  at  all  ogva,  bund  with  liliui 
atri-akf*  niid  MjtutH.  imjusaUs,  1982. 

1970.  MICROKrATHODtkN  BAIRDII  (Gill). 

Hend  3;  depth  IS.  D.  XII,  li5;  A.  II.  II;  «riiU>s  3-23-ia.  Body  short, 
com]ii'oHHed,  eloDKittui^ ;  iiupe  iiliniptly  produceil  bcliiud  iiiiil  above  n 
dftpresHioii  wliii-h  lip.s  iibove  the  eye,  the  iinpe  tliiis  project  in  jj;  forward  in 
II  fleshy  crest;  iintfirior  jimlile  steep,  with  fleshy  rnrnigatioiis,  separated 
by  depre8.>tioiis;  tip  of  siiutif  nboro  preniaxillary  eiilAixod  to  a  HeHhy  pad 
under  which  the  juvv  slips,  separjited  frinn  preorbit:il  and  top  of  he.td  by 
a  deep  crcuse,  deeper  in  larfjer  spi-ritiit'iia.  \ontril  inidwny  between  eyo 
and  rrest,  its  sine  iinn-h  larger  thmi  in  If.  ihrtalin,  being  i  dt.'iiueter  of 
eye.  In  .>/.  ilur»alh  of  the  Hinnc  si/o  thi-  noMtril  ih  rudiitt'd  t^o  n  hui:i11  pore, 
iibnnt  4  of  eye.  Preorbitiil  lower  than  in  dorsaVts,  \\b  liei;;bt  2}  in  hetid  in 
udnlt;  in  dorgali*  of  the  same  »v/.e  the  preorbitril  tH  2\  in  head.  Teeth 
Hiniill,  tnini'iite,  iiiovahie,  uboiit  as  in  dvrtalin;  lower  Jaw  shorter;  width 
of  month  1'  in  hei»<l;  1  or  5  rows  of  kcuIoh  on  I'lieek.  Ciiiid;il  itedniiclo 
Hhort  and  dee]),  leii^rtlj  21  \n  head,  itn  depth  'S  in  head;  dorsal  idevatcil  but 
not  fitlcat4!,  Miiii|dy  aiigtiL'ir,  its  lonf^est  ray  1^  in  lii-ad:  ansd  ainular,  ita 
luii^e.st  ray  \\  in  hend;  cnitdal  hni:ite,  its  lulies  not  prodiK'cd,  th>^  iip[ier 
longi-r,  I,';  in  Iip:u1;  pi-itornl  1',  in  hoaii ;  ventral  li  in  hend.  Color  uui- 
foini  (It'cp  biin'black  without  [iiilir  tiiririjins  to  Itns  cxci-pt  very  narrow 
lino  on  upper  ray  of  pm-toral  and  npptir  lube  of  i-atidal;  no  spots.  This 
species  is  wi-ll  separated  fruiii  M.  dorsnth,  cliJfering  'o  the  luneh  larger 
nusitril,  lleshy  hiini]i  at  nape,  in  the  towrr  pruorUital  and  in  the  tinevon 
slojic  uf  prnlile,  n.s  well  a-tthe  absenie  of  falctite  tips  to  tins.  Here  desrribed 
from  adult  examples  (i  (o  12  inches  louf;  from  Clarion  Island  (collected 
by  McGrefior).  The  vi^ry  small  s])efiuiens  which  have  lieen  nanmd  Micro- 
tpatlwiioa  bairdii  soein  to  bo  the  yoiinc  having  the  lar};e  nostril  and  thp 
nun-falcate  tins.  The  bri-;ht  c>rani;o  markings  seeui  to  disappear  with 
advanced  a^e. 

The  rolor  of  the  young  is  thus  ib-Hcribcd  by  llr.  fJiU: 

"The  coloi  ill  extreme  youth,  !Ui  rcpiesenU-d  by  ji  Hpceimen  KMines  long, 
is  greenitih  yellmv,  niodiliid  by  blue  aiiuvi*  on  the  aiiildle  of  each  scale, 
the  niarffins  alone  beiu^r  brownish;  below  a  line  ilrav\ii  frutn  the  axil  of 
the  pectoral  to  that  of  the  dorsal  tin,  the  blue  ku  diBapp«ared,  and  the 


J 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  Amerka.     16G7 


brownish  yellow  in  coniiptciioiiB,  H]irinkl(><)  over  with  n  few  faint,  dnrker 
dot«,  which  thniiiHeIrm  liecatui'  obA*i1«<ti'  on  the  alxloiiien  and  cnuilul  petlun- 
clc;  iiriinciliately  behind  the  iIui-auI  (in  there  id  a  ilnrk  spot,  iiiiug-iued  in 
front  by  bUie.  The  heail  iib(jvo  baa  'I  bbie  lines  ci>ntinue<l  from  snout 
an<i  ilectirved  over  the  rvu  lii^ll  ami  bohtiid  tlio  orbit;  on  the  forehead 
thnre  is  a  tntUNverse  bine  bar,  ami  rtn  thi^  nape  2  nearly  parallel  longi- 
tudiiinl  blue  liuen.  An  <ili|)i|iie  bar  itombi-h  the  jnenrbiiul ;  a  HorieH  ofblue 
ilotH  on  the  suborbital  i-hiiiu  ia  contiimed  to  uie«t  the  ilellceterl  line  behind 
the  eye,  ttn<l  therri  is  a  bitie  bjir  bebimi  tlie  end  id'  the  maxillary.  The  li)))' 
and  npercnla  are  iirnwii.  The  dorsal  lin.  on  its  Ncaly  portion,  icieliidinfrnll 
the  spiunnH  portion,  exeopt  a  nuirgiiiul  bund,  ftud  th<>  lower  hitlf  of  lite  hoft 
dorsal  is  blue,  the  aealos  Hcarcely  bein^  iimrtjined  by  bnnvti ;  the  other  tins 
are  colorless,  exiept  the  niarn'"  "•  tl'"  anal,  which  is  iJark.  The  »|ieeie», 
with  ad\an<;iiiK  nge,  lo.sr'g  tho  inteiiaily  of  the  liliie  above,  but  the  color 
Bpreada  downward  faintly,  nud  \»  perceptible  on  all  the  scales  except 
those  of  the  aiiilnuicn  nml  hinder  portiona  of  the  caudal  |ietlnucle.  'I'lie 
blue  on  the  npper  surface  of  the  head  »iid  the  preorhital  liually  beronies 
otditcrnted,  hut  the  oerieH  on  ttie  infraorbital  chain  and  the  bar  behind 
the  maxillary  remain,  while  the  oimrcle  jiaaiiiiiea  blue  dots.  The  lins 
also,  eapcciiilly  tho  ventral  and  anal,  have  become  dusky.  •  •  • 
("oloration  ijiiite  peoiiliar  in  t!ie  graihial  ttpreudiiif^  of  the  blue,  while  it 
beeonies  fainter  at  the  same  time  with  age." 

raciKc  coast  of  tropical  America  from  Cape  San  Lncaa  to  Panama;  the 
young  abundant  in  rock  i)ool8,  with  Fiiiiotnacentrug  flavilaliit,  with  which 
it  has  been  eonfonnded.  A  beautiful  liah  (uamed  for  Spencer  Knilertou 
Itaird). 

romarfniru*  ImirtUi,  fliLL,  PmcAc,  Nut.  Sc|.  I'hllll.  )M2,  140,  Cape  San  Lucsi.    (Coll. 

Xniilua.) 
ilicrowpalhodnn  liainlii.  .lOBDAN,  FlMtirn  of  Siiialott,  Id  I'roo.  C'kl.  Ad.  Sci.  1896, 478,  (iL  43. 

1080.  MICKIISIMTItonON  i:illIVS(TRI'H  iCiivier  &  ValcncifiDDefl). 

Depth  2|  in  total  hni;;lh  with  caudal;  eye  3}  in  head.  D.  XI,  15:  A. 
II,  13.  Ilody  oval;  forehead  broad  and  ilepressod;  maxillary  renchinjj  to 
the  nostril;  teeth  below  twice  as  bir^e  as  tho«<o  above,  t'olor  blackish 
l>rown,  the  liiis  darker,  oxceptin);  the  caudal,  which  is  entirely  orange; 
round  epota  of  cobalt  bine  around  the  {-yas,  on  the  nape,  and  Kotnetimes 
on  thi:  back  and  scalea  of  the  dorsal  fiu.  (I'oey.)  West  Indies;  known 
from  Cnbii  and  St.  Tboniaa.  Not  seen  by  iib.  (;i;^JVtfo?,  golden;  uVfid, 
tail.) 

lilypkidoJou  ehryinruj,  CrviKB  &  V albncikhnks,  llint.  Nnl.  Poiu., V,  470. 1830,  St.Thomas ; 

UI'x-riiEii.('iit.,  IV,  57, 18«2. 
I'lnmt^Htfvt  drntijatm,  I'OKV,  MvniiirlnD,  n,  10(1,  IMn.  Cuba.    (Ootl.  Fflcy.) 


irHI.  Mini(ISI'ATHOIM>K  MVfUTI'X  IPney). 

Head  abont  2]  (:tt  i»  total  >;  deptli  about  2  (2i  in  total) ;  eye 3]  in  head; 
maxillary  reachiU);  tho  froirl.  of  llie  eye;  suborbitals  and  preoiierele  with- 
out teeth.     Color  uitiform  black  witb  huge  sky-blue  apots,  tlie  aizo  of  a 


bca1«,  like  Ifuktsa  of  hiiow,  regularly  arrauf»«<l  )d  kmall  uamlter,  siiiue  :!0  on 

each  side  aliove  the  lioilv,  a  fi*w  on  tho  iiwiUnn  linR.  Seen  onon  at  Havana. 
(Foey.)  Length  2  inches.  A  douhtfiil  Bpecies.  apparently  referalile  to 
MicrcmpaihodQit ,  jHiSBibly  tbu  youug  of  M.ehrynnrru.     (i«ire<t/H«,  snowy.) 

f^naennrvi  nivtatut.  Poky,  Knami^raUo,  102, 1875,  Havana. 


\Wi.  nirROKPlTUQDOV  DOBSiUR  (Ofll). 

Head  3^;  dnpth  '2  in  It^iiRth  Ik  tip  orcainlul  rays;  eye  small,  hi^h,  21  in 
preorUital  width,  '>  in  ho;icl.  I>,  XII.  Iti;  A.  II,  11;  scales  29,  witb  22 
pores.  ISoily  ilet-p,  ciitii|iT088tid,  tb(i  niipe  high  and  rompressed,  the  iiute- 
rior  jirolilo  veiy  steep,  siightly  conciivo  in  front  "!'  orliitn.  Head  very 
wide  and  heavy  tji'low.  mouth  wide,  transverse,  its  width  nearly  twice  it« 
lateral  <-left,  the  iii:ixilliir.v  renchin;;  vertieal  IVoui  midway  hetweon  nnptril 
and  front  of  eye.  Maxillary  aliiiost  wholly  slipping  under  the  liro»<l  prc- 
orhital,  its  distal  hidf  strongly  U-sLnped ,  with  the  convexity  backward, 
and  its*  untorinr  tnar^gin  disjthiying  a  deep  ree&tntnt  curve.  Dentary  por- 
tion of  maiidihle  eonsioting  of  iin  niilerior  transverse  portii>n,  and  the  2 
lateral  litnliti,  wliieli  form  aliont  a  right  angle  witb  (interior  portion,  and  are 
convfxly  Itent  toward  m<-di:in  tine.  It  would  much  resi'nilde  a  U  with  the 
lateral  iinilM  eonvox  inward  iu.stead  of  outward;  nnteiior  piirttoh  pro- 
vided with  a  Hitiglc  series  of  r.ither  firmly  fixed  elnngate  tnciHor  teotk 
with  triiucati'  ed^n'H  ;  lateral  teeth  siiinlur  but  fniialler ;  teeth  in  the  npper 
jaw  Btrongiy  compressed  Ititenilly.  1>iit  with  tho  extreme  tip  flattened 
»utcro-]ioHterior]y.  wu  as  to  render  them  narrow  ineisoi-liko;  very  loaxely 
iuiplnnted.  extrenirly  niovuhle,  and  in  u  Hlngie  funrtion:il  aeries,  the  teeth 
of  whivli  are  replaced  by  others  wbi<'h  ajipear  above  along  front  of  jitw; 
between  vimier  :iiid  front  of  jaw  ig  a  inedi.tn  firm  fleshy  ]»ad,  with  frw^ 
anterior  margins;  a  Hi>m<'what  wimilar  jiatl  Jit  each  angle  of  innuth;  uo 
teeth  on  vcnnoror  [ial;itine«.  Nostril  niiiiiit*,  round,  midway  between  front 
of  jaw  imd  middle  of  orbit,  I'reoperrle  xmootb  or  minutely  erenate  at 
the  angle,  none  of  tho  Imnes  nf  head  HeiTate  or  npinoiis.  (jliils  3.),  the  inner 
half  of  fourth  gill  developed  iibout  i  length  of  others;  a  small  but  evident 
poro  behind  fourth  gill ;  gill  rakers  Bhort  iind  weak,  not  toothed,  about 
20  on  anterior  limli  of  outer  ureli ;  gill  inemliraiieii  forming  a  ttroad  fold 
across  the  iatlitnuH.  Scalps  large,  rough,  i  erticaliy  inneb  ileejier  than 
wide,  with  niimeriiua  small  accesriory  Keales  at  ba.>*e  which  lieconie  exceed- 
ingly numerous  on  hea<l  and  najio,  where  they  form  a  shagreen-like  cover- 
ing; lateral  line  little  prtmiinent,  the  pores  opening  on  under  surface  of 
scales,  cea.ning  nndor  last  rays  of  soft  dorsal.  Fins  entirely  enveloped  in 
scales,  which  are  large  at  base  of  fins,  bwouiiirg  minnte  on  soft  portions. 
Dorsal  spines  strong,  regulurly  increasing,  the  highest  2\  in  bend;  anal 
spines  strung,  tlie  second  lint  litthi  shorter  than  liiugest  dorsal  spineo; 
soft  dors;tl  aud  anal  lius  eouHpieiuiusty  fnlc.itu,  the  median  rays  of  fins 
prraluced  beyond  fork  of  caudal,  tho  anterior  murgin.s  stongly  convex,  tho 
posterior  strongly  couc-ivb;  longest  dorsiil  and  anal  rays  more  than  ^ 
length;  candal  deeply  Ibiked,  the  lobes  also  gre.itly  falcate,  equaling  in 
length  the  lobes  of  dorsal  anil  anal;  outer  ventral  rays  i>rodnc6d,  extvnd- 


Jordan  and  Evcrniauu. — Fisha  of  North  Ametica.     1569 


ing  tiryond  front  of  an:il ;  poctomla  sthort,  ronnflecl,  reaohiiip;  vertical  from 
vent.  C«tov,  iiiiifonn  slaty  blue  or  pray.  Hip  Iiii8  Hoiin<wliat  darkef,  all  Imt 
tbe  spinons  ilorsal  narrowly  wbite-iuaiKi'>Ptl ;  lieriloneiim  pale.  The  ivhove 
is  a  (lc»c'riptioii  of  luhilt  individiiiilH  (iUiih«  dvaciilied  :!.«  nninnt*). 

Mature  indiviilrjilfl  of  Hmnlli^r  fiii'.e  i^aturittimut)  have  )x>eii  dcNcrilted  as 
follows:  Hi!Jm1  :5;  dt'ptL  U.  !>.  XII,  16;  A.  II,  13;  eye  0  in  heiul;  snout 
neatly  2;  p^^ctural  U  :  lii^heHt  doroal  opine  W  in  body;  ventrftlS^  in  length; 
anal  lobe  l\;  domnl  lolto  1)  in  body.  IW>dy  conipreHsed  and  deep;  doraol 
oatliiu-  from  snoat  to  i-auilal  p^diiticle  luiiforiti;  breiuit  pronnneiit  and 
well  roumleil,  liobiml  wbicli  llio  ventral  outlinu  is  otrai^bt  to  aiial  «i|>ini-, 
thi'ii  slnntiaK  oUtiiiiudy  upward  to  raiiilul  ]tcdniivln.  Month  widi;  with 
tlii«k  lips :  th"  t^eeth  llat,  »h)iri>.  nrnl  movalde,  iu  a  Mingk'  row-  in  caib  jaw, 
thoiie  in  the  iijipiT  jaw  are  arr;riif;ud  iu  a  crescent,  in  the  lower  jaw  they 
Are  ill  a  straight  line  in  trout,  but  at  tho  sides  they  deHrrihe  nearly  a  right 
angle  and  run  hack;  iflthmiis  with  a  notch  made  by  tbe  proinittuucc  of 
tbe  breast.  Tiji  of  Hiiotit,  ninxillary,  ;iiid  lower  jaw  naked;  head  every- 
where else  with  Hcak'K,  the  HcaleH  on  rht'cks  iu  about  ■'>  rows;  scales  on 
body  l.irge,  3-28-il;  nil  tll<^  tins  with  sfalns;  arceHsnry  scales  very  few. 
Lati-r;il  Hue  running;  litgh  and  i*uding  iiudnr  lant  ray  i>f  soft  dorsal ;  gill 
rakers  irnnierotiH,  short,  and  w(>ivk,  uhont  5  +  21.  l'e<it<tral  wbort  and 
roliudeil  at  tlip  tij);  ventral«  with  middle  rays  produced,  2|  timrs  ventral 
■pine,  reaching  pat^t  vent  to  anal*,  NpinnnK  (tnr8al  low;  with  the  exception 
of  the  flrst  the  Npinex  are  about  oipiid;  Hoft  durmtl  and  anal  falcate  and 
OlanientouH,  the  dotHal  Itthe  slightly  tlio  lunger,  nut  ijuitr  reacbing  t-o  tip 
of  caudal  I'm;  candal  widely  forked,  the  lobes  falcate,  the  iippi'r  lolio  llie 
longer:  the  middle  rays  are  contained  3*  ttnies  in  the  upjier  caudal  lobe. 
In  life,  ileep  indigo  bine,  with  traces  of  olivai'cons  cross  shonlea;  {teotorol, 
dorsal,  and  cuiid.il  edged  with  bliiiHh  white;  eyes  violet. 

Tbe  young  (r/«)rK«/:«)  may  bo  described  :is  fidlowii :  Hearl  3;  depth  \\. 
D.  XII,  Ifij  A.  II,  II;  scales  3-28-10;  cye3;  miotit4i;  dorsal  lube  1,1;  cau- 
dal lobe  erjuals  head  ;  pcrtoral  l,"; ;  vcutnil  equals  head.  Hody  compressed, 
the  prolile  roiiudoil,  depressed  liefiire  eye  so  that  snout  projects,  (ifll 
rakers  nninerous,  very  short,  slender,  close  set.  Preorbltat  deep.  I'reor- 
bitnl  and  pn-opercle  entire.  Teeth  in  several  rows,  niovnbtc.  Dorsal 
•pines  rising  to  the  last,  snbtrnncute,  liattoned,  each  with  a  brown  vertical 
streiik  in  center,  the  soft  rays  and  lobes  of  caudal  nnicb  prL>ducfd,  as  also 
ventral.  Color  in  life,  ilecp  indigo  blue  on  body  and  lins;  no  pale  edgings; 
3  ronnd  sky-blue  spots  above  lat4'ral  line,  the  one  near  its  beginning, 
another  under  front  of  s])inoiis  dorsal,  the  third  under  last  spine,  the  tirst 
8n]alle.<it,  the  other  two  .is  large  as  pupil;  a  larger  sky-blue  saddle  iu  axil 
of  soft  ray  I  bead  with  many  «kyblite  spots  everywhere,  tlinsc  on  preor- 
bitul  and  Nnborbital  coatexcitlg  in  a  blue  streuk ;  another  streak  behind 
angle  of  mouUi,  and  another  uliove  eye,  nostrils,  throat,  and  snont;  axil 
sky-blue,  a  bar  of  sky-blue  a<Toss  end  of  snout ;  angle  of  mouth  sky-blue. 

The  immature  coloration  is  thus  correctly  dcscribetl  by  Dr.  Gill: 

"In  the  young  the  cidor  of  Ihc  body  !«  n  pnrplish  brown,  varied  with 
bln«-  oil  the  center  of  ejuli  scale,  the  bine  diniinixhing  on  the  scales  of  the 
tail  toward  the  (in.    On  eueh  side  there  is  n  bine  spot  on  the  tirst  aoala 


lijiO  Bulletin  f  J,  Untied  States  Natiojial  Museum, 


abiiTx  Ww  Iiit-tTitl  line,  on  the  drale  iiliovu  tliv  H«veuth  of  the  Interol  line 
and  be]o^v  the  fmirth  ilorsitl  Hpiiio,  ;iii(l  nnother  on  tho  one  iibove  the  tif- 
teeiith  scale  nud  b<<low  tht^  eleventh  ur  twelfth  npiue;  on  the  tiiil,  b«hiud 
the  diirsiil  tin.  Ilicrc  is  ji  traiisveMe  iliirk  b;iiiil,  b<irileretl  in  frout  by  blue. 
Tlie  hend  above  Ims*  2  bluu  liues,  1  on  emli  side,  i  iiiiiiiug  from  und  di>cur<red 
over  \\w  i-yi^  liehiiid  thf  oriiil.  The  fnrelieitd  is  iinli«tinctly  iiiiirkt-d  with 
blue  ill  till'  it'nter  of  cac-h  m-ile;  aiid  oa  the  uaj)"'  tht<re  arc  2  obloii;^  blue 
B|>ot8  on  eikc'h  8h1i.>.  A  eoiitiiiuoiiH  bliif  line  U  icmtiniieil  fruu)  the  Hide  of 
the  8Unut  :iloiyg  tlin  sulMirbital  i-buiu,  :ind  iiuites  with  tb<>  line  deourrcnt 
behind  th)3  orbit.  Ht'liiiid  tli*>  end  of  thi'  Htipraititixiltary  thnre  is  n  verticiil 
blue  bur.  The  scaleH  iin  thcr  clieekH  and  opcrciila  arti  Hpotted  with  blue 
ill  the  center.  I.ipH  iminaoiilate  hntwn.  Thu  dorwil  fin  on  it*  scaly  por- 
tiiiti  is  MJiiiilar  to  tliti  back;  tho  anal  has  a  bhit*  spot  at  t\\c  base  of  itA  hist 
ntys,  and  ii«  front,  like  the  outer  ed^e  of  the  vi^ntral  fin.  Is  blue.  The 
pectoral  iiimde  has  ;i1m«  u  blue  line  arross  tht*  bii.<*e  of  the  upper  rays 

"Aa  tlio  flsh  ikclvnncoB  in  age  the  blue  nil  the  rcnterg  of  the  scales  fades, 
ami,  tinally,  tho  color  of  the  whole  body,  aa  widl  iiii  tho  .scaly  portiuitK  of 
tho  tinn,  beconxM*  a  purplish  brown;  but  tlie  opots  on  the  Hcales  above  the 
lirst,  neveiith,  and  lifteentli  [aixtccnth)  spiiIcs  of  tho  latenil  linr  rctnain, 
us  doest  also  thf  one  lioidfrod  bofort-  by  the  blue  in  tho  rt-ar  of  the  doraul 
Bn.  The  coloratiou  on  the  bead  simply  bt-conies  fainter,  and  tho  linen 
narrower  and  soiumvliat  intfrrujitcd.  The  tins  are  uuiforui  and  spotleas, 
except  the  jiertoral,  which  retains  the  transvers*  bar  which  was  :is8unie<l 
ill  ita  youth.  This  spedea,  iu  ita  young  state,  \vas  formerly  deticribcd  va  a 
I'omacriilrun,  the  pn'operculniu  bavin/;  ii  eirallopcd  a])pearancc,  produced 
by  the  iiiucireronii  diictH  and  their  niontlix,  and  tbiiH  Aiiuu]atin<r  the  ser- 
ratnre  of  younn  f'ouiairnirtiH,  minlcadiuj;  Dr.  fJiitither  aa  well  a.n  myself, 
eHpecially  no  it  hail  the  coloration  and  form  of  a  fomarenlnn.  The  border 
in  tho  idil  ig  not  bo  nin<h  ex)iospd.  and  is  perfectly  entire,  wbile  the  jiro- 
orbita!  b;iH  j^aiuod  iu  elevation  at  tlie  expr'n»eof  the  eye.  The  uniform 
color  of  tlio  body  ih  also  in  Ktrnng  contrast  to  the  variegated  aidea  and 
Kmh  of  the  young.'' 

I.pnfitli  1'2  ini'ht-8.  I'acilic  coaat  of  Aincriou.  from  Csi\t»  San  Lucas  to 
I'auauia;  known  from  Cape  .Sun  Liican,  Ma/atlan,  tho  Kevillu^i^edo 
I.slttuds,  and  I'anawa.     {<iorMli»,  pertaining;  to  the  back.) 

lInp§\jpot>i  dorsnlU.  C^nx,  Pn>o.  Ao.  Mut.  Sei.  Pliila.  18R2.  147,  Cape  San  Lucas.     (Coll. 

.\llD<llft.| 

I'nmaetntTMn  quailriffuUa,  Glix,  I'roa.  Ac.  Nat  Sci.  rUila.  186*.!,  149,  Cape  San   Lucaa, 

young  (Coll.  John  XuntUi>):  (il'vniEB,  Cat.,  iv,  ST,  ltW2:  JoWKH  it  UiuiBttT,  Vmc. 

U.S.  Nat.  Mtm.  1885,  3«n  an.)  577. 
ilierntpnthitduH  eitwreiu,  liojiKirr,  Proc  V.  S.  Kat.  Mna.  18S0,  71,  Clarion  and  Socorro 

islandm.     rColl.  AWatrntt.) 
M ierutpnlliudnn  muriiirimiii,  JoROA.s  ><t  Stahkh,  In  .Torilan,  ViitheH  of  Sinalon,  in  Proc. 

Cal.  Ac.  ir'oi.  IgJtTi.  47S,  pi.  44,  Venadoa  Ulands,  near  Maiattan.    (Typca.  Xi>».  laio.  IKie. 

anil  ZHWS,  L.  S.Ji-.  I'niv.  Max.     Coll.  HupkiiiB  Exiid.  Ui  Mnxalluii.) 
rninnlafinon  dnrialit.  Ciu,  Pruc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Thlla.  1863, tllS. 
Mirronjiathmlon  ttvrfoti:  JuKiaK,  Kialic«  of  Sinaloa,  477,   IMS:  JoRtiAN  .V  BVSBMANII, 

rhi,i'k  r.titl  KlBlii-a,  41l,lgfi<l. 
Uieri>*jiaHivi1o»  ilorttiliji  oruriiinnHU,  JOkbAM  &  EVKMtANW,  (.  e.,  ill. 
Utereipalhutlon  dortatis  einenut.  Jordam  k  Kmaum,  I. «.,  til. 


Jordan  and  Evcmiann. — Fislus  of  North  America.      1571 


Suboifler  PHARYN(K)GNATHI.» 
(The  Labrou)  Fisheis,) 

r.ower  pharyngealfi  liilly  uiiitiil;  DoetriU  donble;  Rills  3},  with  no  slit 
lifhinil  till'  last.  Vcntnil  ritis  thoriK-ic,  eai-li  with  one  epiiic  ami  rtvo  riiyo; 
(tumal  mid  ilii:iI  spiues  not  vim  y  strouj;;  »iiile»  weakly  ctouuid  or  'ycloid; 
ill  uthiT  icstpoi'ts  •.<K.-i("nti!illy  no  in  tlio  /Vivoirffa.  .Species  nuiHtly  "I"  the 
tropical  sLurt's;  iiiost  of  tlieiu  lar>{0  liahes  of  stroug  dcntitimi  aud  brigbt 
colors.  (0(1/91.1^;,  pharynx;  yyadiii  jaw,  firom  the  large  jaw-like 
pImryugealB. ) 

a.  Lower  iiharyngMiln  T  sbspod  or  Y'*Ii<>P<x1,  their  tM<th  coiiIcaI  or  ttibercnlaT;  ierlU  in 
JkW8  usanlly  not  iHinrtueut.     Speciua  oamiToroaa ;  the  Mxea  uftec  ■liiiaiiiiiliu'. 

Ljihbiu.k,  OLX. 
9a.  Lower  pharyngcnla  more  ur  lean  HpaonRhapoiI  or  biwin-shaiMHl,  llielr  IvtAh  hronAtut 
tnuiaveracly  ant]  tniikciilc,  arranged  in  moAiiif: ;  t««*tli  in  ]iiwK  riioru  ur  l«wa  {wr- 
recUy  cuiill<ieul,  funiiiut;  n  oort  of  liealt:  anal  apioea  S;  dorsal  «|iiu«f<  0:  acales 
very  liirKi!.  -'.i  U>  23  in  lutuml  line;  Tertcbno  10  or  11  I-  U=:iM  or  25.  Species 
herbiron>ni<  r  tlio  aexna  cul<l^f^d  alilte.  8ca]Ud;r,  ruxi. 


Fniuilv  CLX.   LA»RID.<E.t 

(ThK    WKA88K-Fl8ItK8.) 

Uody  obloajj  or  eltm^ut*,  rovered  w  ith  cycloid  HcaloH  ;  latiTul  lliiu  well 
developed,  rDiitiiiimtm  w  iri(prriii»ti'd,  often  ;ingnl.iily  lnjnt.  Month  mod- 
crate,  tcniiiiiul;  prfuiftxillarien  (H()tr;H  tile ;  inaxillnries  witliutit  fiujiple- 
meiital  bnii(<,  Hlipping  under  lucniliriuiaceoiiH  edjfo  of  tlit)  prcorltitAl ; 
anterior  tf'i'lli  tii  (lu<  JiiWB  iiBiiatly  very  Ht^roiij;  atiit  naiiine-liko;  Ij'oth  <if 
the  jaws  ftopanito  or  koIiIitciI  togt>tlnT  at  base,  not  foniiinjf  a  coiitiiHuiua 
plate;  no  teetli  ou  voiiitT  ur  ])alatiue>»;  Imvvr  pliiiryiigealn  ctxupletely 
■iuit«d  into  uuu  biine,  witliuiit  tiitidiaii  siititro,  tUiii  lirmo  T-sbiipod  or 
Y-ahaped,  its  teeth  conical  or  1(ilii<rriilar.  Lips  thick,  longitudinally 
plicate.  Nofiti'ilH  r(Mind,  with  L*  nj)i!niiip4  on  t^aih  side.  Dnixiil  liii  I'on- 
tiniions,  the  npinmiH  poi'tion  nrtiiiiily  lonj;,  its  apim-s  mtlipr  steiirter,  'A  ti>  20 
iu  iiiiiiibcr,  atiul  ainiihir  to  p:«>rt  dorHal,  with  2  to  l)  spiaes.  V'rutrals 
thoracic,  I,  5,  inaertfid  bcUiw  tim  poctorals  {said  to  be  ftiibjufjnlar  in 
ilalacoceniruii).  l^niiK-JiiijBtcgala  5  or  6;  pNendobrnnchiii- will  di-vrlopwl; 
I  gills  3i,  the  slit  behind  the  Irntt  areh  Rninll  or  ob«iotft<>;  ^ill  [iiciDhraDes 
BOiiievvliat  ciitnu'CkHl.  MoiiiotinieH  juitud  to  the  nitrrow  iHtliiniiH.  Air 
bladder  present;  no  pylorit-  I'leeii.     Oiumra  (i<),  wpeiMeH  4.^0,  ohiclly  of  the 

'Professor  C*i\tc  n.^arrU  tivU  HntM>nt..r  im  th.^  iiiont  Mpc.riiiliztHl  ur  'MtightsHl*'  In  the 
(roup  of  fiabet*.  'l'ht<  j«p.ni-iali3U4tion  of  Ujo  i^abroida  is.  Iinwrvur,  rrMlnrmle  Ut  2  or  3 
rlinradi'ni.  tliu  sprciBlirjitinii  of  lUn  piiaryuctnl  iMines,  the  irllln.  (mil,  iii  RPUrrHl,  of  tht> 
.  |>i|;mciiit  celU.  In  eeuoral.  tlify  ar<i  not  lita  et'iR'nilixeil  :luin  tlic  njivjnnly  uf  tliv 
AeajitJiriiilfi,  nil"!  thty  do  nut  ilfpnrl  do  « iilely  frnm  tin-  u»in»l  ll»)i  typi-  n«  il"  Uh>  I'nt- 
ir*ilati,  i'l*cftM/ntillii  (tr  /{t(r'ro$ttfiuil4r . 

f  Kor  Mynonyniy  and  desi-rlptioim  of  tbo  s|)pcips  of  tbis  family  <t{  IIaIii^m  ntw  "  A  r^Wcw 
of  llio  la'iiroUl  tlillWKi  of  Aineriea  iiml  Kiini|ic,"  by  Ihtvid  Slar'r  .lonlnn,  in  Itppnrt  I'.S. 
Fiali  Cumm.  fur  1887,  5U0-<ID9,  pU.  I-Xl,  flrxt  pnbUabGd  Aa|[ua(  30,  1891. 


1572  Dulktln  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


tropical  Bi-as,  livinR  iinioua  rocks  or  kel]i.  Many  of  them  are  lirilliantly 
colored,  and  sortie  are  >alm'd  ws  foiid-tiBh.  Most  of  theui  fwd  iijiou  mol- 
liisks,  tin"  dentition  being  mlaptfd  for  cnisbiiig  sliells. 

Thft  Aahrin<r  art-  the  moHt  KL'iifrali7iHl  fornw,  well  diatinj^uisbed  from  tho 
otliers  by  their  grt^ater  ntiiiiber  of  vertcbnr,  a  chftracti-r  OAHOciatcd  with 
tht;  greater  naiiiber  of  dorHul  HpincH  and  with  their  northrru  habitat. 
Tli«.<i«  are  the  only  Labroidg  properly  belonging  to  thf  North  Teiui)«>rat« 
Koiie,  and  nil  but  2  of  the  itpccies  lire  Kuro}K3aii. 

The  ^^aUlplerina•  Rerin  to  be  allied  to  tbii  Ijahrtniv,  although  they  may 
belong  to  some  other  rmiiily.  The  nniiibcr  of  vcrt'-bni-  hu«  not  bvvn 
I'ouiiUvl  in  a  Hingltt  known  HpccicH.  They  belong  to  the  Son tb  Tcuipcrntc 
i^onc,  and  diflV'r  froiii  tb^i  iMftrin-w  in  buving  moat  of  the  dorsal  spinea 
rcpl.ii'eil  by  Roft  rays. 

The  Iliirpiiiir  aro  allied  to  the  Lahrino ,  bnt  aro  ohifHy  tropical  fishes 
Willi  11  reduced  niiinbtT  of  verteVtrsr  and  spijie.t.  Close  to  the  Harpiuir  is 
the  small  siibfitniily  CUptifinn ,  dintinguishetl  by  the  littb'  duvelopuieut 
of  thi- jaws  and  pharyngeals  and  by  tliu  corraspondlng  fet-ble  dentition. 

Thii  .fiiliiliuir  aro  the  moat  abundant  of  tli(«  troiii<;al  Lubroids,  briUiaut 
Uttlv  liabfa,  uboiiiiding  about  luiiiks  and  rt^ef^,  anil  having  the  vertebnn 
rcdut^ed  to  the  normal  number  10  +  14^=24,  and  tlii'  dorsiil  spines  tosboat 
i).  The  XiinchlhiiiniF  are  an  cflahoot  of  iha  Juiidinu;  with  the  bi'Ad  uiore 
or  leas  modified  and  tho  lateral  lins  incompletp. 

The  Si-aridn-  »v»  herypbu-cil  iu  :i  distinct  family.  ThoyhaTo  tho  nornial 
iiiii«bi<r  nf  vi"i-telH:ii  iiiid  of  sjiiiira.  Their  pharyngeal  bonea  and  tBetb  are, 
bowck'tT,  modified  iu  a  very  Biiigiilar  way,  and  they  n»u»t  bo  regarded  a» 
forming  the  moat  apeciali/cd  typo  of  I'haryiigognatbi,  the  suborder  to 
whirl)  tile  LnbroidM  bidoiig. 

Till)  generiil  nilo  th:it  inarinn  lisbei)  fonnd  in  tempentte  regions  have  an 
iiuneaseil  uumber  of  verlebrif  is  well  nliown  in  this  group,  Thi'  follow- 
ing tiiblo  slinwB  tbo  iiiimbora  of  vcrtebrin  as  giveu  by  Drs.  GUiither  and 
ilorilnii  in  the  8i>ecie8  examioi'd  by  them  : 


LabruM  viridia,  20-f  21=-ll. 
Labnm  biinaciilatns,  18  +  21  =30. 
L.ibrii»  livens,  IW +  20  =  38. 
l,:ibriis  berggyita,  19  +  19  —  38. 
TantogolabruH  adHperaua,  17  +  19  = 

;«. 

Arauthnliibnis  piilloni.  l»+  18  =  36. 
Odax  balteatus  (Antiircti*-),  1!»+ 17 

=1=66. 
Tantoga  onitis,  16  +  18=.'U. 
Ctonolabma  siiilluK,  15+  18=;  33. 
Crenilabriis  nn-lops,  IIJ  +  18I=3;^. 
Cn-nilubniB  tioco,  15  +  18  =  33. 
Cr«niliibnis  o.-.«llariH,  11  +  18  =  32. 
CreuilabruB  cinereua,  14  +17=31. 


Ilaliebn-ri's  nigrearpns.  10  +  16  =25. 
Hi'mitautoga  hortulauua,  10+15^= 

25. 
ThalaoBoma  pavo,  11  +  14  =:%. 
Tfaa]a«soiiiu  tiinare,  11  +  14  =  2ri. 
ThalaKSonui  dorsalo,  U+14=:25. 
.JulJs  juliH,  11  +  11=35. 
.Jiilis  atlimtvi  a,  11  +  14  =25. 
Coris  aygula,  1 1  +  14  ^  25, 
Gnnthoria  tiiiuaoulata,  10+15  =  29. 
PaondolabruB  psittacnlas,  9+16  = 

25. 
PaeudutabriLs   laticlaviiu,  9  +  lG  = 

25. 
(}oniphoHus  tricolor,  9  +  15=24. 


Jordan  and  EvermanH. — Fishes  of  North  America,     1573 


8,vmphodiis  Hcinii,  13  \  1^=31. 
Creuilabrus  luediterraueus,  \?t  -\- 17 

=  30. 
Laobaoluimufl   maxiuius,    12-|-17^^ 

20. 
Di.-tMtiHlou  Kcrol':!,  11  +  17  ^^28. 
Di:i8t<M]»n  birHutiiK,  11  -|-17=:28. 
AniviiiitMes    cu-riileopiuictiitiio,    11  ■\- 

15^26. 
Duymu'ha  auriguriii,  10  -f  15  =  25. 


Paeudulnbrnii    cclidotiis,    1U-|-13  = 

23. 
Xyrivbthya  mncrolppiilotuti,  10-|-15 

=  25.    * 
Xyrichth.vB  uovaciilu,  9+  16  =25. 
CheilinriH  fascitttiiH,  10  +  13  =  23. 
DcotHloii  luielliiriti,  12 -f- 1S=.28.' 
Ch'ptii'tis  i)iirrrr,  10  +  17  =  27. 
CLuilitius  trilolwtiiB,  10+  13  =  23. 
BpotiHOiiia  cTL'teiiBo,  1 1  +  li  ^35. 


A»  in  most  othor  laigi-  ;;ron)i8  tberc  has  boon  shown  consideniblr  differ- 
rno'  of  opiuiou  iia  to  the  I'liunictiTH  whit'b  Hhtnibl  br  usi-d  in  iliviiliu^  tbt> 
Labroids  iiitn  (;»>ijeni.  Tbr  tendency  wilb  nil  ri-ceiit  writiTH  lias  bc«ii 
toward  a  rather  mhiuti' mibdiv  iBioii.  Tiiu  nuiiiliera  of  verhdirn-  seem  to 
u»  to  yield  churai-tern  of  tlio  luKbxst  ituportauce.  Other  t-hariict<TB  not  to 
bb  ueglectt'd  cjin  bo  ilnivvti  from  the  aizv  of  the  Hcalus,  the  iiiinihcrH  of  th»i 
dors.-il  spiuen,  and  the  ilcutiiiuii.  Tlio  (U-jfri't"  of  8i[iiaruati«u  of  tlio  heiid 
Meema  to  ua  to  have  .lu  imitortiincr'  lower  tUiiit  tbiit  Littribiilud  to  it  by 
Blocker  and  Oiiutbt<r,  bat  it  may  be  u><c>d  for  Ki^ueric  i<ub<Uvi8iuii. 


Uunukl  apineA  8  or  morp,  (uiii»Ily  well  diBtiDguiiibetl  fruni  tho  sufl  rays;  mial  iipines 
2to«. 
[.AVRUCJI; 
b.  Vertebmi   and  doriiiil    npiiiiw  in   iudriiB.wil   niiniltcr,  vertolirti-   aliuiit  :i8  (Ifi  ^  18  \a 
2i)-f-21);  (Ivrsal  .tt''t«''*  Ht<i'21^  Bual  spinv*  3  to  K,  all  t)it<  aiilura  ptiii^eiil;  nnlo- 
rioT  dtnlDoit  ];  no  [»Mtt<rior  oanim-M;   liitenil  line  l'um|ll<'tl^:    cati<tul  Mu  never 
fc^rkvcl;  «iMH'ivH  oT  Durtlicrii  walifru,  rnri^ly  tri>|ii(rji),  lutmL  ftf  tln-m  Kiirvp«iu). 
.  Anal  fpiuiyi  4  to  t);  dorsal   itpinc!)  16  to  21;  i-bwkii  uud  0[>vn'lc8  iicaly;  Hcalcg 
THtlior  lar^i-;  pn^operrle  ■errale. 
•(.  TiH'tli  aiuall,  fu  u  ~iu|:la  series;  nmath  ■lunll;  donal  (tn  nearly  scaloieM. 

CcirrnoLABiirs,  BZT. 
e.  Annl  itpineii  3.     Toi'tb  in  iiion*  than  ont<  aoriox. 

I.  PriMipcrcUi  Kcmitei  oprrclfs  scaly ;  ncolcn  niu<leratR:  lnt«ni)H)r>'lo  iiakcil; 

unont  Ti.jt.  iwpocijilly  prtwlui'cd.  TACroooLAiiBrs,  028. 

n.  Pi«u)i«n'li<  I'litiro,    DptTck-a  naked;    aealea  smalt:    lntor<i]M<n'le  naki-d; 

Hiioiit  blunt .  TArTu«iA.  SSO. 

M.  Vertebne  and  dur»al  itpiuM  uut  in  j;t<?atly  lDon«se<l  uumlwnt;  vert45bm<  22  to  29; 

domal  8|iiui-«  8  t<i  13;  anal  ii]iin"it  3  ax%\  aix-cii's  uf  Iropioil  i>r  aiilitrupical  k«uh. 

/.  Tortebm  37  la  39  (so  far  an  known)  -.  domal  Dphion  UHaully  13  <11  tn  14) ;  nidoH 

of  head  mora  or  loss  soaly ;  preoporcle  fwrmlato  or  autire. 


**'Tt  will  be  ovldnnf  that  in  thom*  geuHrn  which  an-  ouinposcd  entirely  or  for  tbo  mnat 

part  of  ln>pio»l  »[ie»-in»,  tho  \  t>rt»braf  rolunin  1»  compDinxl  iif  2k.  nr  nearly  24,  viTlt'bra'. 

whilo  1h'>»o  wbii'ti  nr«  chifily  cniiflni!<(  to  llie  leinfoTnti"  »f(»«  of  ihi>  Norihern  iir  S<iiiCli«m 

Boniisi'bcre  havp  iliiil  iiii[ub«r  Jncr<«OL-«1  in  ttiu  alHlumiuiil  uud  tjtnilril  portiou'4."     ((iiiu- 

tht*r.  I'at.,  rv.  601.     'I'hla  im-rcaso  in  the  launibor  uf  voi'tobnr  iu  tbo  nortlirrn  fomiB  bun 

been  uiwd  as  a  baaU  of  tbu  i'biAniiicat{f>ii  of  tbn  I'leiHruneftUlir.  Iiy  .Fttntan  and  (i(iA8,  uf  ttir 

UeorjHBnida.  by  Jordan  and  Liilbert,  luid  it  will  duiibtlcss  |>ruvL>  to  1irvi>  u  high  vatiir  In 

tthe  ■abdlTlition  of  otbrr  fnmiUea  wliirb  b-ivv  ropreaeutatives  In  <Unt<rent  Mini  a      The 

[Wosnol  thia  liecniiarity  of  lialieH  of  rold  wat<'ri>  Ik  nlil)  iiliactiri'.     rrobuldy  tlm  nxliulidu 

'  fn  nuiubcr  of  nogment^i  la  n  mnult  uf  tb«  speoialiiallnn  of  Htructurc  ini'iil4<nt  to  tbo  abarppr 

rxiiiijielitiun  of  ilic  tro|iical  wutor^.  where  the  outMiilKCondilluDH  of  life  ari^  r«ry  fnvomble 

;  iMbea,  bal  Ibe  Htrugglo  uf  spvcies  agaiost  speden  in  luuat  sovbru.    (Jortku.) 


Bulletin  /7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


II.VBI'IN.K: 

g.  Anb'rlar  oanlnen  ntroiiK :  liiwer  pbitrvncimis  liu-||;u.  Willi  liir|;<t,  tuliFrrula.r 

te«tli;  HiilnouA  iloraal    not   rnvijIoiK-d    iii  fioali-»,  limor  jaw  naked; 

upecieti  DH)HUy  of  lur^o  "iu)  u»<l  I'riichL  colunitioii,  inbabiting  aeoi' 

Inijiinil  »vsut. 

h.  Ihtraitl  npiui'i  dlxiiit.  14,  thn  S  or  4  antnrior  folckte,  produoed  in  long 

Hlri-uiiitTB:  liiMly  tlifit  uutl  •uiuiirt'Miid,  thr  BOtcrior  proUle  atM|t : 

tpt'tli  UDispriiil;  no  iwiHierior  niuiiie;  clitM-ka  miil  ojn-Tclcii  aetiy 

liiuii'H  of  H'lft  ilursul   mill  utul  sualy;    cufl  p*rt«  of  VL-rtieal  flna 

prrMliU'tN),  Miulea  miMlnratv  (M).  LachNOUAIMI'R,  6311. 

AA.  ItotBul »|ilari!  II  or  I'J  inwel)'  13),  noDcof  Uicm  prodiuvd  in lil«m<-iib ^ 

«>ieclu  atid  ujitirclM  (Oily;  tMidy  oblung;  the  Iiack  out  groatJf 

i.  Soft  dunuil  am!  acini  film  eucli  with  n  acnly  nhnaUi  at  ba*« ,  acalai 
larxe  (alwiiil  ItZl ;  iinntorlnr  ritumtt  praivot. 
).  Soft  dunial  nod  annl  vlernlMl,  prudutMid  Ixiliind. 

HjiBPS,«3t. 

U.  Soft  dorwil  unil  anal  iritliuni  Mliealb  of  scaloa ;  pnxi|>vrcl«  aer- 

mUio  mt  li«8t  ill  yuunt:) ;  unit  dorsal  and  aaal  moro  or  Imd 

falcatu. 

k,  Soalea  large,  alwiit  3U;    lower  limb  of  iniioiierolo  acaiy,- 

IKMUirior  canino  pmiviil :  anUirior  canloim  ]. 

UWODOK.  63S. 

kk.  ScaU-a  mmlorato  or  Nniall,  4&  to  90;  both  IIiuIih  uf  jirropcr- 

cte  naked;  adnll    iu:ilu   with  a  lleaby   hump  on  thp 

fan;faeail:    caudal  nubtnuicaU-,  with  the  aaglca  innru 

or  IcAM  prmlucotl. 

{.  Pustvrliir  cjiiiiDwi  iircni'tit:  anterior  caoiuM  ] ;  dnraal 

RpiDi'll  12. 
m.  Soalca  aniall,  about  00  in  lnt<'ral  lini'. 

I'UIEU>MBTOl-oi«,  633. 

fg.  Anterior  tMlb  small,  blnntish,  not  naninolike;  no  postsrior  raninr, 
mouth  very  nniall.  tenulual;  aiioiit  short  and  binut:  duiaal  and  anal 
ctivolojied  lu  fualen,  excrpi  prodiireil  liiwofboth  Una:  caudal  iliH?ply 
forkiMl;  donial  aplnt-a  iilmoat  hi'tdvn  h.v  serica  of  ii«ale»:  bciid  rvery- 
wh>*r«  oloMly  arale«l,  exvi'pt  on  lip^  and  auoat;  jicaleft  of  l»o«ly  largv; 
pnMiiwrclo  HOmtlate;  k<1I  rakor*  ali-ndor,  abort :  fi<<ct<iml  {alcat«i 
li>«'pr  pliuryuccal"  very  atnni),  Y-ahapoil,  their  tooth  atuall,  very 
bluDl  and  coalesoont ;  vertebra!  10  +  17  — -  27 ;  doraol  spiuoa  I'J. 

CuiiTioca,  m. 
f.  V  ertolinn  23  to  36;  doraal  apinea  J)  or  S :  anterior  canine*  atroue.  2  to  4  on  each 
aide  in  each  Jaw :  bi-ad  mutitly  uaknl :  preoperrlc  cnlirv.    Speeiea  of  the 
Tropica,  iniiatly  oriniull  aUe  and  bright  coloration. 
JcruiilN<K: 

n.  I,atoraI  lino  coinple^lr  ntid  contiuiiona. 

II.  Snout  not  tahifunii;  prcopcrtlv  entirr;  Ui<th  uniaerial;  nun* of  tba 
Ict'th  rbiaol-abaped. 
p.  Cli<«k8  and  upcrrlr*  nakMl. 

•I.  Scaloa  Urge,  25  Ui  M)  In  the  laloral  line ;  anal  aplMai  1  or  I, 
r.  Doraal  i|>iuv«9:  donial  enlarged,  without  aoaly  aliaath i 
•«alea  of  brou.ii  not  mlargi'd. 
a.  Anterior  caiiiuen  nil   normal   In   position;  low«r 
pharyngoabi  T-«lkapod,  with  numeroua  leath ; 
uuul  spinea  3. 
I.  Toaterior  canine  well  developed  on  both  aidea ; 
doraal  apioea  pungent ;  anterior  raninea  |. 
IXiSIO,  615. 


BuUctin  4j,  United  Slates  National  Museum,         1575 


((.  Pnatrrliir  raninea  vrnitlnK  or  rednc>«d  to  b 

xliKlit  riiiliiiKiiit. 
«,  Anterior  lutninrai];  ilciriial  npinm  nlrnder 
bill  |niiiK»nt.  KnmkkKIA,  Klfl. 

UK.  Aivlcriur  caiiiiira  f. 

p.  Dursal   8|iiui!»   «li'n>ler   nuil   «ery 
Hexil>l<];  li<xlj'vi'rv  slemUr. 

vv.  Durea]  apimiH  |>iiuginit. 

liuti.  AiiltM-iiirraninoM  ];  lioma!  splDiw  piiD- 
gollt.  PsKHIMklfUS.  6.10. 

rr.  Dorsal aplnea  8;  no  piial«ri<irciuilti08:  anterior  tAiiiiii-ii 
),  Dorruttl  Id  pMltian ;  a  Inw  shtiitli  of^caltw  »l.  b»i« 
of  durAiil ;  dur!<al  npiooM  puDgi^Dt;  uiinl  apiiioa  3, 
nprer2.  CuuiBK'HTIlYB,640. 

XYmnrniTW.!! : 
nn.  lrfit«nl  llDv  intvrrupUxl  pn«tnriur1y,  iMKinniug  again  •■a  the  Uvet  of  the 
Axifi  of  the  bi>i)y,  on  tlin  ruiidiil  peilunrle;  HenleH  lar^^v,  2(1  in  30  In  tbu 
lateral  lino:  dnraal  *piDR«  9:  iiiiiU  sjiiiji'H  .'t;  ant«xit>r  canliieH  {. 
«'.  foateriur  caiiiue  proxeut;  siKiut  Kloudur,  the  nntiriur  tiroliln  mil. 
cuDvoxi  elievkx  nml  opcrclvn  Rt-uly ;  dursal  spini-d  punKtint,  the 
three  Hiilcrlnr  longer  aud  with  UlaniuittiiuH  up]ieiiila;;ea ;  clorMl 
and  iiDul  vritli  h  #i'alv  Ah*<atli ;  waU-H  very  lar^i*. 

I>iiKATiiN<rn?g,  041. 

trw.  ro«t<?ri«»r  caoiiin  nnni' ;  auteriur  protiBi^Tnvrr  <*r  l«*Ha  imnvex  ;  hcutl 

uaked,  psrept  Ti.<4tiaUy  n  tvw  m-alp**  billow  the  pyi«;  Iwwly  tnore 

nf  Iras  slruii(;ly  ruuipreaacd ;  vvutrkla  thoracic,  iuaerted  below 

tliif  petrlurnlit. 

z.  8i'aleM  rrry  Urge,  about  30  In  the  lateral  1Id<!.  which  i.<t  placed 

<>D  l.h«  llrat  row  at  large  oenlea  heltiw  llii'  domal  itlH-ath: 

uDlvrior  duriul  spines  not  detavhed;  head  not  trenehant 

alMive.  Xyki'La,  04'J. 

rjt.  St'ali-fl  large,  atxint  20  In  the  lateral  line,  whirh  in  p]ac<Hl  uu 

till*  mM'iiud  run  nl'  lur};!- ncah'A  Im4uw  tlir  durNal  nheath. 

(/.  Kirat  two  dorsal    rtpiiit-h  Joiro-d    hy   iiirnihnuie  to   l\n^ 

others,  and  iuaertcd  nuurly  n]j4>VL'  liiutc  •>('  ;Ht<-toralN. 

;.  Upper  auU-rior  [indile  vi  licud  not  Iri'iiehnol,  tlie 

ciir^c  of  heail  not  |iarHlHj|i<: ;   the  chef  lea  not 

vt'ry  deep.  XovAiTLifiiTnvi*,  Wi. 

12.  Upper  anterior  pralih'  or  head  nliarply  trenrhaut 

its  curve  pambolic ;  rbeeka  very  deep,  the  eye 

iieiir  upper  [irollli'.  XricioiiTlirx.  A44. 

tft).  First  two  iloraal  spinra  tlrtiic1ic<l  fruni  the  others  and 

luwrli'd  on  or  ciogf  bvhlud  the  occipnt. 

ljm!>TIl'*,(M5. 

627.  CENTROLABRUS.  (iUntUer. 


(KoLK  Cooks.) 
OmlrvMnw,  GCimiBU,  Cat.  Fiih.  Brit.  Unx..  ir.  m,  1M3  {aoUtui). 

Body  obli»ug,  covored  with  moderate-sized  acnlcH;  choi'ks  and  oyiprclcs 
81'aly  ;  ]>reoprrrlc  iM'rriite;  toetli  in  ;t  Hinj^lo  si-ries;  niuiitb  aiuull;  (iorsitl 
tin  nearly  sciilelr.ss;  atiitl  H))iiies4  toti;  duPHal  Hjiitiea  Ifitul'L.  This  j;:^'niiit 
coiktaitis  2  or  3  spt-cii-a,  foiiinl  uii  tko  cougto  uf  Enrripv,  one  uf  tliuiii  rang- 
ing fartber  to  the  iinrth  thiin  any  uther  Lubroid  liah.  (neyrpor,  spiuc; 
Labrun,  an  allied  genuti). 


1570  Bulletin  4.J,  United  States  National  Museum. 


IMS.  CKXTROLADKrii  KXOI.RTim  (Ltnnaaa). 

(Ko<'K   C«JOK.) 

WiKuX  4i  ;  ilepth  Hi.  U.  XVII  to  XX.  (i;  A.  V,  7  orH;  bcjiIos  a-;O-10.  Bmly 
ratinT  roltiitit;  th<-  xnout  nf  muderato  Jeiigtb,  about  !H  iu  head;  mouth 
vi-ry  small,  its  tleft  reuoliing  Ijiin-ly  luilfwfty  tn  front  of  eyo;  <<ye  rather 
largtt;  dorsal  spines  low,  tho  soft  rays  somewhat  liigher,  but  lower  than 
the  anal;  ciindal  roiiuclod.  Tlireo  rows  of  Hculea  on  fhcek.  Color  rioL 
brown,  the  nt<te»  uliailed  witli  y«llow;  narrow  yt^llciw  lines  along  the  rows 
of  Bfales;  a  diirk  sjiot  on  <«y»i  tiliovc;  2  bliio  liiiudM  from  eye  to  angle  of 
lUdiitb,  rtud  2  morn  arroHK  pruuiMTclu ;  no  biin'k  spot  behind  f-ye;  a  dull 
bliiUh  tuiirk  oil  ii[ien'tii;  tiim  ytiUowish  Hil  wry  ;  »  line  of  dark  marks  nlong 
spinous  dorsiil ;  raiulal  with  a  black  b:ia«  and  a  white  outer  margin. 
(Dsiy.)  Coanti*  of  inirth<Tu  Eiirojic,  south  to  Cornwall;  iibiindant  in  Nor- 
way; said  by  Fabric'itm  to  nuigu  oc<;a«ion:illy  westward  to  Grot-uland;  the 
moHt  arctic  of  all  spories  of  Lahridtr.  (i-sol«tHs,sitit\i\iia,ted;  said  to  be  in 
alln«ion  to  tLi»  anomalouH  tiDtubcr  of  5  aplnos  iu  tbu  anal.) 

LabfHt  arnUJiu,  LlK»AC8,  SfHt.  Nat.,  Kit.  X,  287, 1T5H,  Atlantic  Ocean ;  FaIHUCIVs,  Faaua 

Oronlauaica,  ISO,  1780. 
hahriu  penlaciinthuji,  LACltplcOE,  Hint.  Xat,  I'oiM.,  in,5o:i,  1803;  ntXrr  LiKXJers. 
Ormilaliruii  inicrotlinna  (Coucil)  TuoMPSO.t,  I'rw.  Ziiol.  Soc.  Lonrtnn  IK17, 55,  Cornwall. 
AcanlhiitabniM  rsolfliit.  CVTitft  &.  Valsncikinks,  IIi«t.  KaL  VoU*.,  xiii,  'JiT,  183B:  Cou.rrT, 

Norges  FiBkc,  M. 
CrHtralalirut  noUlum,  UrNniKB,Cat.,  IV,  03;  DAT,  Fish.  HI.  liriUlii,  267:  JoRDAH,  R«vi«v 

Labroid  FUhos,  005, 1890. 

6a8.  TAUTOGOLABRUS.  JJiinliier. 

{CVSSKU».) 


Tautwjulaltrtii,  CI'^nTiiBR.  (.'at.  I-'ixli.  ISrlt.  Man,,  IV,80, 1J)6'.i  iburuall     atltjirrniM). 

Hwly  nhlong.  not  elevated,  comparHtively  Blender  and  eomprcBMxl ;  head 
ni(KU>rato,  iii<>r(.i  or  Ii'hs  pointed,  but  thii  jaws  not  notably  produced;  teeth 
iu  tli<?  jawH  in  rteverut  Berie.s,  tlie  outermost  very  strong;  the  teeth  nne(|nul, 
iMiiiiral  and  jxiiiited;  no  posterior  e.iniueH.  Cheeks  with  small  sciileo; 
openli's  with  UirjLtu  oiu'm;  interopertlna  ti:ik<td:  pn-opercle  with  the  verti- 
cal liuib  (iuuly  serratfd.  Hiaiiehioste;;alH  ;"i.  liill  niembranescouKiderably 
iiniled,  free  from  thti  iHthiiiiiH;  gill  rakors  nhort.  ScaleB  moderat*',  35  to  .">(> 
in  the  lateral  line;  later:il  lino  tontiuitoiis,  abrtijttly  bent  oppunite  pos- 
terior part  of  iiecond  dorsal;  dorsal  long  and  low,  the  spinonH  portion 
miirb  longer  than  the  soft,  of  18  or  111  low,  nubeijual,  rather  strong  spinen; 
soft  difrsjil  slightly  elevated ;  anal  fin  similar  to  soft  donial,  with  3  strong 
graduated  tipiuea;  caudal  truncate;  [leetorals  short,  the  vcntrala  inserted 
behind  their  asiln.  Speeies  2,  both  American— TuMfojo/afirHg  brandnoHi* 
from  Itrazil,  and  thi-  following.  This  genus  in  %-ery  clone,  to  the  European 
genus  Clenulahnin,  diiTeritig  in  Ihe  less  perfect  si|u>unution  of  the  bead  and 
in  the  greater  number  of  (ior«:»l  sjiioea  and  vertebrje.  (Tauloga:  Labru; 
related  genera,  from  the  Latin  labruin,  lip). 


p 


1W4.     TAl'TOUOLABRrN  ADSPKRSFS  (Walbniiin). 
(CtlKKIlK:   ClKHitiET.  llI.IK  rstU'H;  liSRCIAU.;  UKKO-arLT.) 

Ilencl  3i  to  3i;  ilopth  3  to  H*.  D.  XVIII,  10;  A.  Ill,  ■►;  snilrs  6-46-12; 
vr rteb IIP  17 -f  IMx^ ;■!♦»;  cyeJi  iii  ln?a<l ;  fifrtiiriil  2;  bi^lic^tit  <liusal  Kj>iiie 
2j ;  luRbeitt  doranl  rtiys  1';  third  mii:i1  »piiie  2i.  Body  riiHiiT  rijlinst;  hi-ad 
iiKideriitcly  i>oi)iU'd.  [niii'li  Iivhh  obtiiHO  tliuii  in  't'auloiia :  Hiumt  lUoileiMto, 
longiT  tUiiii  i^y;  mouth  umib-rate,  maxillary  uboiit  n'Jicliinj;  front  of  eye; 
6  cmiineH  in  front  of  n|>iii*r  Jaw,  iiboiit  4  in  lower,  tbe  lecth  on  sirles  of  jaw 
eMliir;;iii>;  unt4!ri(irly ;  buiitli*  »f  Hitinll  roncav(>  teetb  lif^liiMil  rauiuc-s;  t;ill 
raki-i'M  MTy  xbort,  itlioiit  (>-J-Il;  ttc-itloH  rutluT  Biiiiill;  toj>  of  bond,  pruor- 
hilal,  tjiiixillary,  lovviT  jii  w,  intortiiiiTclc,  iiml  jiosti-nor  tMtj;o  of  pt-eopercJo 
iinti  oiien-lc-  inikcil ;  jnpcuirMiJo  witii  ftl'uiit ;'  mivs  of  ttniall  kciiIcs;  operclo 
witli  I  or  5  rows  of  larpiT  ones;  liiis  niiked.  Color  livid  bine,  shadt'd  with 
brownish  abovo  and  with  iiini<>  or  1«>j*8  of  a  brassy  luster  on  sides;  bi-iwl 
aud  back  Hometiinc.Hs|iolli>il  wilh  briissy  ;  yoiinfj  with  diirkiT  blot<:b««  and 
injirkintjM,  anil  ofti'ii  ii  bliick  bloUli  neiir  middlp  of  dorsul  fin.  Kxtrumely 
viiri.'iblt!  ill  shitdea  of  <Mtluriitioii.  'I'liiH  little  lish  ih  oxci-edin^ly  .'ibiiiidnnt 
iibiMit  nitkB  Mild  wharves  nenr  »hi>ro  in  tlir  regions  where  it  i«  found.  It 
roai'Iies  u  l<<nKtb  of  .-ibont  10  incheti,  beiii):;  tun  xmull  to  inivu  iinicli  vnliie 
:i0  food,  nttboitKh  its  Ib-sh  la  uf  excellent  (hivur.  Th<'»e  rtsbc-H,  although 
pnrfurmiiig  ii  ii8*'ful  <luty  iw  BcavengiTB,  ar«'  a  fn'st  to  the  tiahi-ruicn  from 
their  habit  of  nibbling  the  bait  from  their  books.  Atlnutie  coasts  of 
North  Atnericit,  from  Labrador  tu  Sandy  Hook,    (adsperaus,  beapriiikletl.) 

Uiirgatt.  SchCipk,  OfSi'Uneli.  Natiirf.  Freiindo,  vill,  155.  1788,  New  York. 
Lalirut adtjirrriii'  Wauiaim,  Artiili  rUolaiu,  254,  1792;  arttT  Burganat  Scufipr. 
Jiiiitjiyit  ni-jft,  MiTiBli.L.  JtfjMirt,  in  jinrl.  on  tin*  F<iih<'«  nl'  Nnw  Yi>rlt.  23,  IriU.  New  York. 
fXiiulityit  riimiita.  MlTClili.l.,  Kepitrl.  in  port.  KisUrd  of  New  York.  21.  18H.  New  York. 

alin'i  thoii/rt.  MiTnilLl.,  Trans.  Lit.  nml  Pliil.  S<k3.  N.  T..  t,  I«15,  IU2,  pi. ;),  f.2.  New  York. 
[i«fcri(»  rhogtrt/iitva,  JIlTriiiu,,  I.  c,  4i>:i,  IHl.V  New  York. 
C'lrnlabrut  iiniiioltitus,  Cuviait  &    VAI.KN<'IK.YNIi:8,  Iliat.  Nat.  roiiw.,  XIII,  2311,  1830,  New 
York-,  youDg;  De  Kat,  Kew  York  Fauna:  FiaboB.  174.  pi.  29,  r.  IMJ.  1812:  GOirriUR, 
Cat.,  IV,  90,  1(«I2. 
Ctmolahntii  tiurjatt.  orrmiKti,  Cat..  IV.  90,  1862.  Canada. 
CUiiolahnu  chiignet,  ClviEB  A:  VALKNCIKNNE.-i,  Ui«l.  Nut.  l>oi*a.,  Xni,2a7.  IRSS. 
[CUnolabrvji  etrrulmt,  I>E  Kay,  N'uw  York  Kiiitoa :  FislicH,  172,  pi.  31),  f. 93, 1842. 
autoffolabTiu ailtjiertut,  Bkak,  I'roc.  IT.  8  \at.  JIoh.  ISSll.  87. 
PtftnAabm  adiprrmt,  Stf.ar!«s,  Proc.  V.  .S.  Nat.  Mu».  18(0,  123 ;  Jordak  A,  nil.BEBT,  Syn- 
upaU,  590,  I8H'.I',  U<H>I>I.  Nat.  Uiat.  Ai|Uat.  AdIiii.,  273, 1884;  JoSDAN,  ICiiriow  Lahroiil 
FiKljc«.023.  IHDU. 

eag.  TAUTOGA,  Mltchill. 
(Tautoos.) 

Hio<«la,  LACfcPtDE.  nUI.Nnt.  rniKB.,11,  .'>22,  IKOO  [hiatuta);  naijir>  prciiriiiiiiiil  \i\  Hinhila. 

Mu«)«"r,  1793.  a  gi-miii  i<(  Miillii>,Vn. 
Tauloffa,  MrrcillLL.  Keport.  in  part.  Firtli.  New  York,  23. 1H14  (lavtmrai. 

Body  long,  not  cleviited  nor  greatly  couiprensed,  lli-ad  large,  nearly  na 
deep  aa  long,  with  a  convex  profile.  Month  rather  Hiimll.  Tei-tb  very 
strong,  conical,  ill  'JsoricH;  theoiiterHomowhitt  in<'i»or-like;  the2aiiterior 
teeth  in  each  jaw  Htroug;  the  posterior  teetb  Hiuali,  without  ouiiQeM.  Eya 
3080 23 


1578  BulUlin  /7,  UniUd  States  NationaJ  Museum. 


itiiall,  higli  up.  Cht-eks  with  stuall  sinili's;  iutcmpiTcle  ii.'ikcd;  opvrclc* 
naked,  exur<pt  uliove;  si-ittiis  on  \>M\y  rntber  small,  \n  about  IK)  trauan-rsr 
«<Tic»,  tliiise  on  ventral  r'-nimi  redmud  iti  size;  lateral  lino  C'>iitiniina», 
abruptly  dwurvwi  oppositf  the  end  of  the  snft  dorsal.  DarNal  tin  long, 
low,  cinittnuoiiH.  the  apinouii  ]i»rt  iiiiich  the  longer,  irith  about  16  low, 
Htrou};,  Hiil)ei|iiul  hiiiuch.  each  wilL  a  eiuitl!  ciitantioiis  ap))<'nd:k!;t-  at  tip; 
soft  dorsiil  liJjjliiT  than  M|>Ji)o!m;  mial  similar  to  soft,  dorftul,  with  H  etont, 
gradunted  i^jiiiiif);  iii-t^trinilg  hnuul  and  nitlicr  tthort;  candnl  short,  triin- 
oate.  with  runudud  aiii;U>H;  the  Koft  }>:iitf<  of  the  vorticnl  fitis  with  the 
niuuibraiK'i8  HiuiiewLul  Hctly;  vculruU  <'<>imtucii(iualy  behind  ]>e<'t<>rMlB. 
Uriun'liii>8teK''ils  5,  <lin  nikcra  vitv  short  and  fMplde;  jjill  ineiiibranv* 
gnnicwhat  o<miie<'ted.  fret"  from  the  i^ithniiiB.  Vertebra'  16-t-18i=iH.  Thi« 
(;fnn8  oontiiiiis  a  siiiKli*  K]ie<-ip!i,  a  tarKu  dnll-coloroil  Labroid,  abundant 
(HI  tli«  Atluntic  i'oa.st  uf  Ihc^  Unitud  Sttit«H,  (A  lutiiiixatiun  of  the  vvt- 
nivc-nlar  iiaiuc  "Tautog."  which  is  uf  Indisti  oiig^ili.) 


IttHfi.  T.UTOta  UMTIS  (Lltinwaa). 
(TACTtm;    HL.MKI-I8H;  OTBTBR  nsH.) 

Iliad  3i  til  3J;  di-pth  '21  to  'A.  I>.  XVI.IO;  A.  111,8;  eyi-  5}  in  head; 
iiiiHil  3;  i»iH-(ijr!il  U  ;  ventral  2;  Lijjhi'Kt  dumal  Mpino  3;  highest  dm-stil  ray 
lli;  (litri!  anal  aiiiiir  :i;  hif»lu'ijt  aual  luy  1?;  hfulcs  U-4iO-2r).  liody  snnio 
what  doej)  and  rimijnvMsnd ;  pmliln  modcratidy  steeji,  well  nxinded  fnnu 
lUiHit  tn  dorxal;  luiixillary  reaihing  tht>  vertical  frum  anterior  nostril; 
jaws  ahont  uqnal,  with  2  ur  3  hiri^e  uaiiin<-B  and  auiallcr  oner>  on  the  xido, 
whivh  ^rraclually  diiuiiii.Hh  in  Hi>;e  hackwtird;  ^ill  rakers  very  short  and 
hhint,  abiiut  3 -flj;  \\  patch  of  email  scaiefl  behind  cyu  extending  ilown- 
Avaril  to  middlo  nf  rlieek,  where  there  are  5  m-  6  »eries,  head  and  o]iercle«i 
otherwis*'  naked  ;  pet  torn  Is  broad  and  ronnck-d,  unt  unite  reaching  tips  of 
vi-titrale;  nuft  dorHul  hi<^bcr  than  npiiiotis;  raiidal  truncate  or  slightly 
roiiiidetl.  Color  Idackisb  iir  greenish:  tlu<  young  imually  with  nbout  S 
paire  of  diirk  biir»  connected  liy  retionlalious;  adult  ofti-n  Mi-ariy  plain 
ItlucUisli;  I'liiu  wliiti>;  vyv  greenish.  The  taiitog  is  one  of  tlie  lunst  valu- 
ttbli-  fiiod-fiNheM  of  the  Athintic  coast.  It  iit  geni<rally  abunihinl  within  its 
range,  and  its  IJumIi  is  of  Kitju-rior  i|Uiility.  Thi-  largvMt  speciim-n  known, 
according  tu  IJr.  (ioi>d<>.  had  n  length  uf  about  l>  feut.  Atlantic  coiiatA  tif 
the  United  States,  from  New  ISnin.swick  to  Chai  lust'On,  South  Caroliua, 
about  rooks  and  kelp  iu  shallu^v  water;  New  Jiruiiswick  (Uoode);  Caseo 
Bay  and  I'veeport,  Maine  (Kendall).  (6ir'iti$,  a  kind  of  plant;  applieu- 
tiim  unexplained.) 

tabniB  nnitit,  hiKSAS-v^.  8yst.  Nat.,  Ed.  X,  2M,  lliS;  KU.  Xll,  4Tt!,  17M.  type  locality  not 

(iven. 
Labnn  Aiil/iila.  LLXXJors,  Sy«t.  Vai.,  Kd.  xn,  475,  17M.  Carolina  <l'ull.  Dr.    GanlvDh 

Jordan.  I'ruc.  1'.  S.  Nut.  Mu».  1885.  .'tB6;  noti-  on  I.i(iN.e('ii'  tyj>i<. 
r.alirui  raintiniu.  UoNN  \ TRKRE,  Tnblean  Enrycloji^d.  et  MMIuid.,  Iohtliyologi«,  ll:t,  1788, 

Carolina ;  after  Li,s->'.Kri>. 
Labnu  bta(X/Uli,AcH'>vr.  .S-'lirifl  dor  G-cftclUch.  Xiitiir.  Freiiudn.  vni,  IM,  1788.  New  York. 
IjahruM  tuh/tuKut,  Wai-Baiim,  Arieili  PUciuui, 'J54. 17»'ii  nftcr  ScMOpr. 
iMbrut  UfttWtliiM  riLOi^ll,  Idithyoldjfln,  pi.  1*91.  ITift!.  Norway. 
JliatuUi  •jardeniana,  h\<.i.Vi.DZ,  Jliat  ^ut.  I'ulsa.,  n,S2S.  ISOO,  Carolina  ;  tttltr  iMbrua  hUx- 

tula,  LVHV/UVt. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  Amcnca,     157!) 


/.a6ru4  antvnMnuf,  UtocH  A:  Si  HKKiUKK.  .Sy(t.  I('iitb„30I,  1801;  an«r  ScilOi-r. 

Labrui  taul<nja,  MiTciiiLi.,  Traiix.  Am.  I'liil.  Soc.  1813,389,  L^n^  Island  ;  Rhode  Uland; 

Cape  Cod  :  Sandy  Hook. 
LahniJi  tautoijafiirfa,  MncuiLL,  Trans.  Am.  Pliil.  Sot^.  ISIS,  40?,  New  York. 
Labrut  taulKga  ruhfn;  MlT< HILL,  I.  c,  181S,  4(K!,  New  York, 
I  Lakrif  lautiKja  uUa,  MlTcmLi,  {.  r.,  Ifil.'j,  io2.  New  York. 

'  Taulojfa Uatrllala, CL'VIKK  &  VALlUiriK.NNKi},  Hint.  Xat,  I'um*.,  mii, 3IS,  1880;  after  Iluxii. 
Taulngn  onirnVana.Ds  Kay,  N«w  York  Kuun*:  Fl«be«,  17i,  iil.  14,  fig  3U,  11(43;  Stobjw. 

HIkL  rish.  Mas....,  278, 1887. 
Taiilnya  onitin,  ril'NTHEU,  Cat.,  rv,  88,  1882:  Ji>ui>.\H  A  fiiLiiairr,  Pror.  l".  S.Nal.  Mub.  1878, 

'J74;    UU.AX.  Trot',  r.  A.  Nul.  Man.  ItMM,  87;    JOBDA.V   iV   OlLUEUI'.  SjDupaiB,  000,  188S; 

C^ODE,  Xal,  nisi.  A(iuat.  Auiui..  288, 1884. 
Hiatula  ouitin,  .loKif.^K  A:  (ili.uiLiir,  Synnpnin,  M:i6, 188n ;  Jordam,  Pim:.  I'.  &  Nat.  Hoi.  18M, 

28;  Joi(iiA.x,  Kovuw  LaliKiiil  FiHlicw,  B25, 1N90. 
Hialuta  hiiilula,  Goi>L>E  It  Hkan,  I'ruc.  I'.  S.  Nat.  Mnn.  1885.301 ;    nolA  un  ty|>u  of  LatirtiM 

hiatula. 

630.  LACHNOLAIMUS,  Ciivi.-i  A  Viil.-n.itMiuoH. 


(Capitaines.) 

I,  CCVIKU  ii  VAI.S»cUMKB!t,  Hi*!,  NiiU  PoiM.   XIII,  274,  lS,t(  (iiignla^iHaxi. 


finur). 
Laclinoltemtu,  GOnthku;  corr«ct«l  iipKlliiiK- 


H<«ly  Blnuigly  coitipri'sscd,  tin-,  li:ick  NU;irii  ;tuil  oluvttt*''!.  1  lie  iM'olile  Jtmg 
iind  sti'op.  .Sunlit  sliarii }  ciioutli  low,  linrizdiiliil,  Iku  jIt^vH  i];iri'o\v;  prc- 
iii;ixillnry  Mlii>piii)j;  uinlrr  tlu'  inruiUraiiarcouH  ••djje  nf  the  very  broad  pre- 
urhtlul,  wliifL  i.n  twice  tln'  di'|>tli  ol'  tlif  eye.  Tl-cIIi  in  fnmt  pruniiiient, 
i-aniiie-like,  in  a  hiu^Iu  wries;  mi  jjustrnur  canines.  C'lieckHaiid  npiTt'li-B 
with  iiii)»ricat(<  hl^uIcs;  bimIchuI' iiiuila-rale  ki/c,  tUiii,  udlirrciii :  lalPi'ul  litie 
conipleti'.  Dorwal  willi  11  spimw.  tUt'  I'lrsl  S  nIioiij;.  l";ilcntc',  prnduood  in 
lonjf  t*treainerH  in  the  iiilult,  (be  )ne.ui)in<ni'H  lii'twein  tbibo  spiiu-.H  vt>ry 
low,  the  lilAiiieiitoUM  fipH  longer  tli;iii  tli4)  boiid;  lythrv  s)nueH  nil  liiw.gnu)- 
iinlly  eliurtor  to  the  eleventh;  serotid  dursul  iiud  atiiil  iiiurh  priuliu'ed; 
Oiiudiil  loitia  falcate;  third  anal  spin  r  strong';  pfitornls  and  ri-ntrals  short. 
This  fteuu.H  contains  a  Hinglo  .spi-cirt.,  ;i  l;irgc,  ■hi>wy  titrh  of  tropical  Auht- 
!(!»,  ronmrkal)l<'  l"or  tbr  loiij;  Jitri>;imei--likr  filaiitL-^nt-s  on  the  dorM:il  opines. 
(A<i,f»'/;  down,  vulvet;  \ni/u't:,  throat,  the  pharyiiyeal  bones  bt>ing  only 
partly  ])rovldt»d  ivith  Icetb,  :iiid  the  n-st  of  tht>ir  8urfiii;e  with  u  velvety 
iiienibruue. ) 

lesn.  l,AI'IL\t)l,AI)l)  S  .HtXIHtK  (Wullinuiii). 
(Hourisll;  I'APITAINE;   I'euHo  Pxuiiu.) 

Hewl  3;  depth  2i.  D.  XIV,  11  nr  12;  A.  Ill,  11;  eye  4  in  hi-ad :  Hiinut24; 
lilamcntouH  dorsal  bpiiivs  I  louder  than  bead;  pectoral  U  in  hu;id.  equal 
to  Teutrals;  higlnst  dursal  lay  IJ;  third  ana)  .sjiiue-^;  limj^nstf  bu;i1  rays 
1^  :  8(nle«  ?<-35)-1;H. 

Body  deep,  strongly  conipresiKMl,  the  biiik  much  elevat«d,  the  protile 
lon^  and  Htoep,  sliylitly  coucuve before I'ye;  snout  sharp;  maxillury  riiiii-h- 
iwg  to  iint^Tior  origin  of  ptij>il;  canine  t«»'itb  iiroiiiincnt ;  I  sbjtrp  cnninee 
in  frout  of  up|>er  .jaw,  li  in  the  siilefl  of  law<T  jaw,  '2  small  conical  teeth 
between  theui;  tiluiuentuns  dornnl   «pine   reaching   to  last  rays  of  woft 


1580         BuUiUn47,  United  Stales  Natunud  Miaatm. 


donal;  pectoral  not  wide,  its  npper  rayn  th«  longMt,  its  posterior  and 
■harp  aboTc,  not  reiiching  t<>  eii<l  uf  veutniU,  which  reach  aboat  tu  vent; 
•oft  dona]  and  anal  similar,  {lointed  behind;  caudal  Innat*-.  Top  of  bead, 
preorbital.  maxillary,  and  lower  jaw  nake<l ;  cbt«k  with  abont  6  rowa 
of  nmall  Bcalm,  opercle  with  .ibniit  3  rows ;  small  arales  nn  interoprr- 
•']•■».  Color  reddir^h  gray,  vuryinK  (o  brick  rf>d;  souii*  or  tb«  sralcs  oliTt- 
Ifrt'cn  at  biuie;  cheeks  ;n'H<?niBl>i  he4iil  mottle*!;  a  lart;e  round  blu«  black 
blut<'h  at  boite  uf  \a»\  ntys  of  soft  dorsal;  caudal  grayish,  with  'i  rows 
of  dull  olive  Bpoto;  uDiil  similarly  colored;  an  nndulate  blue  line  below 
eye;  adult  male  with  verticul  tins  blaokish  at  base,  the  binok  fortuing  a 
creaceiit  on  tho  caiidn!;  frontal  region  (rum  snout  to  orci|>at  abruptly 
blackish.  The  vuriattoiin  in  the  ground  color  iire  cousidcriiblc.  older  fi^Leei 
and  ti.Hlies  taken  in  deep  water  beinj;  much  reilder  thau  smiill  fishes  or 
liHhes  taken  from  griwsy  liottoms.  One  of  the  latter,  1  foot  in  length,  wns 
gruy,  riolaieons  altovc,  each  sciile  olivti  green  at  base;  lower  part^  tmgeii 
with  creamy  orange;  bead  mure  purplish,  niuttleil  with  olive;  cbe>iks 
groonisli;  an  uixliilate  blue  line  below  eye,  bclow  which  are  purplish  r>'ti- 
cnlations;  long  HpineK  of  tlin  dorsal  tin  grccniiih  at  base,  oningeat  tip;  soft 
dorsal  similar,  a  large  lilQ<-k  blotch  at  its  biise;  cnndal  grayi>b,  with  'A 
rows  of  dull  olive  Hpotx:  anal  similarly  rolored;  pectoral  light  urange; 
veutrala  blackish  at  tip,  rc-ddish  at  base.  Dcep-Wiiter  tishes  arc  brick 
n-d  or  orange  re<l,  the  degrees  of  redness  being  very  vsirialde,  the  markings 
constant.  The  adult  male  has  further,  the  vertical  (ins  sill  blackish  at 
base,  the  black  forming  a  crescent  on  tliecatidal;  frontal  region  from  snnut 
lu  occiput  abruptly  blackish ;  lower  jaw  light  yellow.  The  male  fish  has 
the  cleft  of  the  mouth  very  much  wider  than  tlic  female.  Tliese  large- 
mouthml  boglish  arc  tlioiiglit  by  many  lishennen  to  belong  to  a  different 
spe4-i4!a.  One  specimen  hml  4  elongate  spines  in  the  dorsal.  Vertebra' 
\2-\-  17 ^-2i).  Ungtb  li  feet.  Went  Indies;  abundant  north  to  Key  West 
and  B«rm>id:i,  about  reefs  and  rocks.  Tliis  lur;;e  nud  showy  ept'cire  is 
generally  comniuii  in  the  West  Indie.".  It  reaches  sometimes  a  weight  of 
12  to  15  |ioiMidH,  uiiil  ix  generally  rsteenieil  us  a  food-fisli.  It  rh»nge.Hmuch 
in  the  course  of  its  growth,  and  has  thus  recoive<l  several  speeifio  names. 
(iMArimMii,  largest.) 

HnMut  (Till'  Dfi'St  Hiit;Hali),  CATtSlir.  \al .  Hixl.  C'smllnu,  (il.  15.  ITSU,  Bahamu. 

Lnhnu  tnaxtifliM.  Waliialm,  Artedl  f'isrliiiu,  261,  170'J;  nnerCTATi'SBV. 

JjaehntAaimvt  ruilluf,  Ccvibk,  lU-aae  Aiilual,  Ed,  il,  Vol.  'J.  V>1.  1K."J.  after  C'ATiain ; 
Ct'VIEK  &  VALENCiKX.fCS,  IlUt.  Kat.  Polsa.,  xin,  283,  1KI9;  I'uey,  Kuiiinoratli),  106, 
1871;  riKAK  Jk  DbiwEU  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mun.  1884.  IM. 

/.<ieAn<i(<iimiu  aifiuta.  ClTViBS  ic.  VALBNClliSNKS,  HisL  XsL  Paiiw.,  xiu.  377, 1839,  St.  Bar- 
tholomew. 

LarhiialniniMt  dux,  OcviEii  &  VA1.KNCICKKKS,  Hist.  Xat.  rotu.,  XIU,  28fi,  1838,  Martinique 

harhnnlttimxiJi  cnninut.  CUVISII  k  \' klXHC\t.^Ht».  lli»t.  Nut.  Poiu.,  XUl.  288.  18:10,  St. 
Thomaa;  San  Domingo;  I'ory,  Synojisia, 330, 1868,  Havana. 

f.arAiiutiiontK  jitinaeun,  Cl'VIER  Ic.  yAl.Bh'CUl.N»iW,  QUt.  Nat.  Peias.,  XIU,  201,  Itciy,  Porto 
Rico. 

Ltidtnalahnut faUatta,  GCirraBK,  Cat.,  IV,  87,  I8<B;  »ntT  L^itmj falfatnt  I..,  bnt  Ihn  Lin- 
nR>aD/aIea(««  is  a  Trnfhinohu;  GooDU.  liulL  t*.  S.  Nnt.  Mit*.,  V,  3S,  1878]  JoKDaa  & 
OtlJMRT,  SynnpsiH,  dOl,  18M:  .Ioriia-v  is.  OiLBEBT,  Fmo.  U.  S.  Vat  Hna.  1W4,  184: 
OiwDK,  'Knt,  Hl«t  Aquiit.  Anini.,  275, 1884 ;  SteaiiNS,  Nat.  Hint.  Aqnat.  Anini.,  J75, 1864. 

ta(knvU''mut  fftariinic,  Juri>a.s,  Prix:.  U.  S.  Nal.  Mtiit.  1884, 5-19;  JoaDAH,  Prwj.  V.  8.  Nat. 
Una.  1886. 45  {  JuKu.iN,  Uevli'W  l,abrnld  FJiboB,  03S,  18M. 


J 


Jordan  and  Evermaiin. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1581 


631.  HARPE,  Laci'-pJ-dc. 
(Lady-kishes.) 


nu>rii.  lolilhyol.,  it,  33,  1700  (lindianti*;  guttettyit,  eto.),  tn  part;  reatrl  ttcd  by 

CfVifER  t«  Iloftiaiiiu  fiutlatiii.  nno  of  the  Sfrranid't. 
Ilarftr,  Lxctviim,  Hial.  Nn«.  I'oUa..  iv,  42fl,  1802  {eamiUnanretu-'rufuf). 
Cititityplnu.  CUVItR  iV  VAt.ENClENNM.  IlUf.  Xiil.  roi«!i.,  VIII.  Iir.',  1H;bi  (fcodio riiijr—ni/ui) : 

name  pn>nocniii)>il  liy  Cottyjihtui,  Faiiiiii'IUh,  ITSS.  aj^niia  of  Culeoptore,  und  liy  Oottg- 

pAuf,  Dl'MRRll.  1802,  u  caniiH  cif  binU. 
CrtnilabTH;  Swaiuhoh,  Nat.  Mijtt.  Claas'n  FUhcs,  ii,  IKID  {vrrrfM=rnfiu) ;  tuAOrfnilabrujiof 

CL'VIER. 

r/ai7M.  liiLL,  rroo.  Ao.  Nat  Soi.  Phlla.  I8d.1. 22S  (lMnUamu^ru/wi). 
BfftUaniu,  1'oet.  Itopertorto.  il,33],  1807  ibodiantu). 

Hotly  rolinst,  iuo<lorately  cotiiprcMeil,  covcrotl  with  llrtu  scaler  "f  vary- 
ing Hi/.f,  iibout  S3  in  tbo  c^inrae  or  tint  liitcml  liiH!,  whii'ti  ih  rontiuuouH. 
He8<5  ratber  pi>iut<'il  In  th''  .v<>ang,  Iwcmiting  very  ilt'cp  anil  oonvex  iu  tho 
a<liilt  froTii  the  ib^velopTiu-iit  uf  ailipiia(<:  tismie  on  tin*  top  nf  tbe  lir-iwl. 
Operclc,  aiiliajiercle,  iiitorapiMvIe,  ami  I'lieeks  hciily,  pm«|ieroIi>  iiiikeil; 
preo))i^rclu  iiiiiriitrly  Kcrniljite,  iiHuiilly  bpi'ominj;  eiitiri'  with  ajje,  Mtnitli 
ratber  lar^<*.  Jaw:*  I'acli  witli  t  wtrotig,  ODtiii-al,  Bomewhat  conipresHfil 
canincH  iu  front,  the  l.itertit  ti'Cth  Bitiiilni',  but  iiiurh  aiiiailor,  I'oalr^.sceiit  at 
b:u(c  with  ivich  ollior,  iiiiil  with  Hiiiall  ^niiiiilar  tiH-tb,  8ii  that  thr  surface 
of  tbo  ,jawH  is  butiy;  upporpnv  vsitb  Ktroii};  posterior  «;«i)iiii'n,  dirccti'd 
forn-uril.  l)iirH:il  liti  witli  aliciiit  12  linv  K[viu<«;'<,  I'.icb  ]i(»rtiuii  with  a  scaly 
''hi-atb  at  bane,  tin-  rays  iiiikcil;  luia)  witli  '.^  s])inea,  tb«  Hpinf>H  rather 
Htroiig:  IuIm-h  of  suft  •lorsal,  an:il,  and  viiinlat  iiinro  or  b;sM  |>r»du('cd  in  tbr 
adult;*  voiitrals  iuserteil  directly  below  pui-turalN,  Oill  nii-iiil>rftiit',M 
Hligbtly  ciiiiiH-rtcd.  \'i-rt«brii-  11  +  17  =  28.  Coarse,  brightly  tolured 
riKh<>«,  inhabiti^DK  tnipical  Heon,  {ixpifq,  scythe;  in  allusion  to  tho  faU-ato 
ting.) 

a.  Color  in  lifo  nut  r«il:  iimlo  liliio,  witli  aynllow  patcb  iK^liinJ  tW'  [X^ctoral  fin,  wlikh 

than  IV  litrgi'  dark  flpoi  >in  iU  oxtremitv;  hmul,  tail,  am)  rtiiii  tiriiilit  riM],  tlicir 
tIpH  Muck  au«l  \i'llaw ;  Airi'Loud  very  gi^^oua  in  thi>  mlult.  FoninU'  bni^v^iiiili 
yellow ;  a  ilark  baiiil  cniuiiieuceH  lioliiii<l  Ihw  niiont  anil  In  vllvldeil  lata  2 
Iwbibil  111''  i-yi-,  till- ii)>|H'r  jiurtinti  ruunlii^  ttl^np  tbcbuck  ninl  tunrlj- Joininp 
ilfl  f<)lli>w  fnmi  llio  otbiTsiilo  im  Ibi'  bm'k  uf  lluj  frw  piirtluu  of  llw  tail,  wliili> 
tlip  lower  t'nwiiios  tbi^aiigtt' (if  Hn>  iipi<riiibiiii  and  U  rniitiiiiK'tl  on  U>  tlin  mirlillu 
iif  Mm  tail,  leriiiiimting  noar  Ihn  j^aniliil  ami  •tlti-riiiitiiie  wilti  2  njiatjt  iK'hiiid 
the  baiw  nf  tbn  i-aiidiil  ttii.  fins  yellowjHli  nr  uruugp,  Kori<hi>ad  xcarcely  gili- 
t*oi|H  in  lli«  lid  II U.  i>U'LXiT.i;!(lJl,  lSit7, 

na.  Color  cliirtly  ri'^l,  Hithniit  flHrk  liandM  or  HtripoH. 
It.  PectnralH  iiiiiimiiitate. 

t.  livily  willinnt  dark  cross  band,  or  iwnsplcanns  pale  blvtt'h. 

d.  (iuncral  cnlor  vioIi-1  ird  nlmrr  iiud  ttulfrlorly,  ytdbiw  or  orangv  lieliiud 
and  iMdiiw  ;  JowL'r  |Mirl  uf  nidoN  and  |Miitcnor  part'  <yX  body  }  i^lli>w- 
tih  oriinc'i  iiliiieppurt  <if  head  niid  biHty  (oa  far  back  an  a  line 
a<.yoliitne  laso  of  iicituriil  und  Hoft  dnrsal)  violt-t  rv<I;  middlK  of 
caudal,  luuu^a  of  pectaralu  and  veutrala^  and  mrtsi  of  anal  riolaoo- 
oaa;  flna  a  little  Ima  produced  than  in  H.  dipUtemia.     BtTTA,  1888. 


*Thl»  ctharartar  d(iitini,''i]iittnn  Har/ir  from  tUnglndon,  Dowdlrli,  (Kxe.  Uadoira,  1826, 
2381.  —  Lepidofitois  (jiJl,  nii  <  Hd  World  gi-UU!i  vvilli  tbe  vdrticul  Huit  lutr. 


15S2  Bulletin  fj.  United  Stales  National  Museum. 


id.  Oencrral  color  rermilicin,  with  twu  large,  irrcj^ilar,  bUrk  blotcliMOD 
thn  back  and  doreitl  fiti,  I1it<  aiituriorou  th«  first  6  dnrul  apine^ 
tbc  i>oft1«rlar  ox  lending  orvrtlic  whole  gofl  dorsal  and  oTttrapor 
lion  of  till-  liuok  iiT  rlix  Uil:  Hiinat  pnintftl,  with  tbs  upper  pro&le 
■lightly  concave;  bend  iunger  than  bigb^  caadal  eriiarpinatc. 

BCLjk.vcHKBi,  lim). 
iAi,  P<«toniIi<  with  a  lAri^dnrk  blue  a|)otlowardii  the  lip;  rtiloTcnnniiier>>d:  iln* 
i-di;ed  wttli  darker:  Imne  of  iMH'toraiH  wliltlxh  ;  hIiIii  of  luxly  «Tth  a  pair 
rosu-culorod  baud :  doraiU  (in  low ,  vvctxals  reacbiui:  vent ;  siiout  sharp. 

H1S7.  nARPE  niPi.0T,rxi»,  r.iii. 

n«iMl  about  3;  clei»tb  tS  to  3^  (iachuliuK  "cnly  dorsal  Hlie:ith).  I).  XII, 
11;  A.  Ill,  i;j;  Mculeft  5-a;j-l-J. 

MaJi':  Korelifiail  very  gililionsin  tlip  iulult;  n  larjie,  rininded,  fleshy  pail 
on  the  forchi'iid  nf  tlio  adult  inal»:%  oviTliaiij^iiii:  the  snout  slightly,  and 
aliiiiit  3  times  the  width  of  th»i  <'y«>  in  h«'i>;ht;  prooperclp  ciitirn,  or  vnry 
(dightly  rn-niihitLMl;  cyo  ;i  Uttio  lens  thiin  li  in  lit-nd,  wliirh  is  nbout  3  to 
3ji  iu  lenj;t]i;  hnvpr  lip  extending  downwiir<ls  in  n  loose  llap  ou  ea<^h  side 
to  holovv  the  chin  in  th(>  :tdiilt,  wliii^b  hna  ii  Il4-»iliy  iniisH  hohiw;  all  the 
Jinn  (ixc('])t  tlir  perfonil.-)  clon;;;ifr  in  the  niliilt,  tlift  dorsal  nearly  reach- 
ing, and  thi4  nnul  I'xtcndin^  heyond,  tlie  uiiuljnii  cundul  rays;  external 
candid  rays  tvvto-,  or  iniirp,  as  loii);  :i.s  the  incdiun ;  in  \\\\\t^  Kpisiuieus  tbt 
ventntls  extend  liipostiTior  (<iid  uC  l);i.s(>  i>f  imal.  In  life,  blnr,  with  a  yel- 
low pati-h  iwbind  the  pectoiul  liu,  which  htiA  a  ]iir>;t>  dark  spot  on  itn 
nxtremity;  head,  tiiil,  and  liiis  Urijjht  rrd,  thoir  tip§  Idack  anil  yellow. 

Fwnftle:  Forelicml  xcarculy  giidioits  in  thn  adult;  pri>o]i«rcle  entire  nr 
■slightly  creimlatcd;  eye  (>  in  head,  which  is  ahout  ei|nal  to  depth;  verti- 
cal (inseloiiKato  in  the  athilt,  tho  dorniil  extritding  uoarly  to,  and  the  anal 
beyond,  the  inodian  cntidnl  rayi«,  which  any  A  aa  long  as  thu  external  rays, 
Ctditr  hrovvnish  yellow;  a  dark  hand  connneiices  behind  the  snout  and  is 
divided  into  'i  liehind  the  eye,  tlie  upper  ]iorti«n  ninuing  alonp;  the  hack 
untl  nearly  joining  ii«  follow  from  tlie  other  side  on  the  Imek  of  the  fn'e 
portion  of  the  tail,  while  the  lower  oroasi^  the  angle  of  the  oporcnlnnj 
and  Ih  eotitiuiied  on  to  tlie  middle  nrtlie>  tail,  teriuinaling  nejir  the  candul 
and  ulternaling  with  'J  spots  hehind  tho  base  of  the  caudal  Hn;  lina  yel- 
UiwihIi  or  orange. 

Pacitio  coast  of  trnpieal  Ameri<^a.  ahout  rnrky  islands;  not  rare,  hut  not 
easily  taken;  known  I'roin  t'ape  .'<,in  Ijtoits,  Pmnniiia.  the  Revillagigedo 
IshindH,  and  tbc  Venaduii  at  ,Ma/,atlaM.  (^tn\6o%,  double;  raivia.,  baud, 
IVom  the  colorattuu  of  the  female. ) 

Harp*  diploKtnia,  lilLU  Prof.  Ac.  Nat.  8«l.  Phlla.  I8S2,  UO.  romalfl.  Cape  San  Lucaa, 
(Coll.  Xanlun)  -.  .Tobdan  *•  tlii.hKiiT,  Piw.  t'.  S.  Kal.  Mu«.  IMS.  S«7  (note  on  H.  dipln 
Itenia  Gilh:  Josdas,  Iti'Vi.ov  I.nlmiiil  Kixli.-g,  :»,  IMo. 

llnrjte  ]iecluriilU.  (iiLU  Proi .  Ar.  Nut.  Sei.  Pbila  1S62. 141.  iitulc.  Cape  San  Lucas  (Ciill. 
Xaiidii-l:  J<i«I)AX  &  (in.nKKT.  I'roc.  l".  S.  Nat.  Has.  1883,  Atti  (nolemi  ty]H>>, 

t'onyiihut  jirrloriiUM,  (iCNTIIRR.  I?at.,  iv,  110,  1803. 

lonyphuii  ((ij<Ji>('J'ii»n,  (irsmiKB,  ("at,,  iv,  nil,  ISfll 

JiodianuM  jiretoniiU,  ,IoaiiAN,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nut.  Muf.  1885. 3M. 

.BMUaoim  diptoCdsnia.JuRLiAM,  Proo.U.S.}(at.MiM.  1105,384. 


I 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America,      1583 


I«N8.  HARPE  RUPA  <  Liimietu). 
(LAOV-FISU;  SPAN.BH  LAUY-rlSR:  SPAXWII  IIOOriBB;   I'l'DlANO;  PKKIIO  COLOKAOO.  ) 

Ilea*!  3i;  depth  nmrly  3.  D.  XII,  9;  A.  Ill,  11  or  12;  scales  5-33-13; 
snoQt  3^  in  head.  Ilond  lon^iT  thauUi);h;  snout puitited;  prbojjercln  deu- 
ticn late;  Him  a  little  less  pnuliii-tirt  (ban  in  II.  diitlitl'inia.  (ioiioiu!  cnlor, 
violet  red  jibovii  and  iiutoriorly,  y<"llow  or  oriitijic  brliiiid  and  below; 
lower  part  of  sidvs  iiud  posterior  part  of  liody  yellowisL  orjitif^o;  uitper 
part  of  liend  uiid  body  (ha  far  U:\iik  uh  u  liutt  Joining  iiiise  i>('  pitcloral  and 
Hoft  dor»:il  t  violut  rtd ;  iiiiddli-  ol'  i;tnd:tl,  bases  of  pector.-il  and  ventr,it.s, 
and  most  of  »iial,  viotticeon«.  Lcnjjth  2  feet.  A  liandaoniely  colored  lish, 
generally  conuiion  in  tlm  West  liidios,  about  islaiidit  :knd  reels;  nnrtli  to 
Key  Wuiit,  l{t'riiiiiila  and  St.  I'anl  Kockit;  Huuth  to  Kio  .litueiro;  our  speci- 
mens ure  from  Havana.     {rii/uH,  yellowiHh  red.) 

Pudiano  rtrmtlho,  MARfXIRArc,  Hist.  Braa.,  Ur>,  I  Ifi,  IU4H,  Bratil;  on  a  ilrawiiif;  by  Priac« 

MAi'HK-e  of  Maasaii. 
TurduM  tlnnu  ((bo  HiigHiih),  CATKgnr,  Nut.  liUl.  Curolinn,  II.  pi.  2,  lie.  1. 174:).  Bahamai. 
ininia  nt/tu,  LlN.l^rs.Syst.  Nut..  Ell.  X,  28+,  17,'>», and  EtI.  xil.  475,  IH'A:  al'h'r  Caikshv: 

GOOliR  St.  Bean.  Prm-.  t*.  .S.  Nnt.  Mint.  l8K.i.  '."OO  (iintti  iin  i.iiinii<aii  4|>cciiiiitu.> 
Ptfro  eoUtfUdo,  I'aiula,  IMncr.  l)ir.  rice.  HiHl.  Xal.  Ciilia,  'i.  litni.  :i.  Uk  1,  ITK7,  Havana. 
fi<H«aniM  bnilinniM.  Rmioii,  I<:kl.li.,  VII, 'JM,  III.  223,  1760,  Braxil;  rniiii  n  ilrawiiij;  liy  I'rinv« 

H.MRICE,  Ihn  launf  iiaixl  liy  M.tlii'dicAVE. 
t.uljanut  rrrrri.  Ul>iicH.  Iclillijol.  pi.  US,";,  1791.  liMMtlity  uiiri'rtjun. 
Spann  fiUealiig.  ItLDCll,  Iclilliyol.,  pi.  25(1,  ITVI;  after  n  ilniwlni;  liy  I'l.rHiBB,  mule  at 

Martinique. 
l.alirvM  ttwiiubrr.  LAftPKnR,  J.  c.  III,  428, 1803,  Rio  Janeiro;  frdni  iiuten  liy  L'l  imjikrson. 
Viudi'iiiiiiif  MdcAi'i,  LActpiiDK,  nixt^Kut.  Poiiu.  IV,278, 200,  ISO:!,  iirtcr  Uuilininu  badiantu, 

uuH-n. 

Itarjf  coTvltQ^'irtvt,  LActpfeoB,  I.e.,  428, 427,  pi.  B,  flg.  2, 1803,  Martinique;  from  tUe  draw- 

InRof  Pl.fMIEU,  iiukI  by  Hiah'H. 
Cntfjijiiiut  hmtiaiiu;  I TVIEK  A:  VaLKNCIRNNES,  Hl«t.  Nat.  TnlA.^.,  Xllt,  103, 18:i9. 
CoinyphuM  verret,  Castblhau,  Anim.  Nutiv.  ua  Iisro«  Aiiic'rii|n«  <lti  8u)l,  Iclidi..  27, 1855. 
('oMi/}iAu«  Tujut.  Cl'xtukil  Cat.,  IV,  108, 1802 ;  (it^NTnEit,  SliiinvFi»h(iii.  Challenger.  14, 1880. 
llariif  rn^a,  Gill.  Proc.  M\  Nat.  Sci,  I'hlla.  I»e3.  222;  CiOonK,  FikIk'H  (lermudati,  37, 1879i 

JoKDA.**  tt.  (flLDSKT,  S>T10pfli»,  0«>1, 1«"S<;  .TnuDAN,  Itcview  Lalirulil  Kiahi's,  fl2'J,  IWiO, 
lindianui,  rv/in,  PoKV.  IU'pertt)rio,  ji,  :I31,  1867;  JuRUAX,  Proo.  U.  .S.  Nut.  Mua.  18W,  148; 

JoKDAM,  Proc  V.  8.  NaL  Mua.  188a,  46. 

I9H0.  HAltPi:  ECr.A.VCnERI  (V»l»ncli>DDCw). 

Headllj;  deptli  .t.  1>.  XII.  Ul:  A.  Ill,  12;  acalea  32.  Snout  pointed  with 
Uju  upper  priifili}  slightly  I'outNive;  Uuiid  lotiijur  Miuii  lii^jh;  iliir.'^al  iuid 
analfi  lis  produced ;  tniubil  eiuar^inate.  (iciioral  i-olor  veriiiilion,  witlili 
lurjje,,  irrejjulttr,  bliuU  biolcluw  mi  the  back  and  dorsal  Ihi,  tin*  anterior  on 
the  first  (i  diirs;il  apinea,  tbo  posterior  t-xtendinjf  over  tlio  vrhide  soft  dorsal 
and  over  ii  portion  iif  the  back  of  tlii'  tail.  ( V;dc'Uiiemie8).  This  speiiea 
in  known  from  X'uU'iieieiines's  de.Hcriptioii  and  lijj^iin-  only.  It  iiinch 
resembles  Uarpi  rufn,  apparently  dilferiug  only  in  rolor.  (iaiapagos 
Islands.     (Named  for  M.  Eiil.-inclior. ) 

pAiu  ulanchiri,  Valemikknks,  Voy.  V6nug.  Zool  ,  340,  Poisa.,  pi.  8,  fig.  2,  plutoa,  184A; 
'text,  1855,  Galapagos  Islands;  U^^tTllSR.  I 'at.,  IV.  I(i8, 1802. 
rSiftfYM  nianeAcri.-ToiiiJAN,  Kr>riew  L»lmiiil  Flalii>a,  63U.  1800. 


15H4         DuUetin  4.7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


1090.  HjUIPK  PULCBELLA  (Poo^). 

Head  H;  depth  4{.  D.  XIT,  9;  A.  Ill,  12.  Donal  tin  low;  fiua  some- 
what produccHl;  ventrals  reaching  vent;  «iioat  ahnrp;  pwtorals  with  a 
large  (Inrk-bliio  spot  t<iw!ird  tht>  lip;  cohir  (.•ariiiitu"  red,  tius  edged  with 
darker;  base  of  poctorahs  whitish;  Mide  <if  itody  witli  n  pnlcr  rose-crdored 
baud.  (Poey.)  L'ubu;  Icnown  to  \\a  solely  through  I'oev's  drMcriptiooB, 
{liulflielluK,  pretty.) 

OotiyphHn  imUliellw,  PdCV,  MeionriaD,  II,  2i>8,  1960,  Havana;  OrNTHCH,  Cnt.  IV,  IW,  1002. 

Biiduinnt puUMlwi.  Poky.  SynnpniH.  'j:r.',  4Ii!i,  I86>t. 

nan"-  V'llclieUii.  JOKDAS,  Uox-ifw  Lalroid  KisLe*.  830,  1890. 


63a.  DECODON,  liiiuther. 

Dfetxhn,  GCNTttea,  Cat.  Finli.  Brit.  Miih..  it,  101,  1862  (/.iiWJarit). 

Hody  moderately  compressed,  oblong,  covered  with  hirjje  8CiUe«;  head 
oIjIkii^;  cheekf4,  opcrclcs,  and  lower  limb  u(  preoperele  seiily,  the  ])oxt«- 
rior  iiiub  being  naked;  base  <>f  dorsal  and  anal  not  aealy,  lateral  lin« 
eotitiiiiioue.  Teeth  cHsontially  as  in  Ilarpr,  thoso  at  the  jaw  in  a  single 
Hcrie.s;  4  caninea  in  thl^  fruut  <d'  each  jaw;  a  poHterior  canioe  on  ooch 
preinaxiLury.  iJorsal  with  II  spiuBK;  innil  with  3.  Vertebra'  12+16^28. 
Iiitoruiodiato  lietwenn  lfoi\inmi»  anil  Trochocoput,  having  the  lar^o  oealex 
»r  the  fnrrtier  and  the  nakud  fiiiB  of  the  hittvr.  A  Kiuj:;k<  specica,  a  8niall 
IimIi  liolouging  to  tho  \V(^'it  Iiiilinii  laiina.  It  U  cluHoly  relatctl  to  Harpr. 
{6iHa,  ten;  oSuO;,  tootli;  llicrc  being  W  cuniuoK.) 

IMI.  DECOnOX  PrELIABIS  (Pooyk. 

Head  3i;  depth  4.  D.  XI,  10;  A.  Ill,  10;  aealea  2i-30-8;  Tertebru- 
13-f- 16=28.  Body  mod<^rat«ly  cnmprcsaed,  oblong;  beadobiong;  cheeks, 
opercles,  and  lower  linili  nf  preopercle  scaly,  tho  poaterior  liaili  Iteiiig 
naked;  teeth  iiriiBL<riul;  4  eaTiinss  in  thi-  front  of  each  jaw;  maxillary 
reaching  a  little  beyond  eyo,  whieh  i.-*  iw  wide  ua  tlic  interorbital  space, 
Hborter  than  fiiioDt;  edge  cif  jiriHipercIe  luiiintely  denticulated;  caudal 
eniarginate;  ventral.'*  not  roarliing  vent;  color,  according  to  I'oey,  ro«o 
rod,  with  3  large  rod  blutcliua;  hea^l  with  several  pearl-culored  atreakn 
(yoUow  m  life);  a  trausvorse  one  between  tho  iioatrils;  2  obli<ine  oueA 
mnuing  from  orldt  t<iward  aiibopercle,  and  a  broad  one  from  angle  of 
month  to  angle  of  preoperclu;  some  yellow  nfiotH  on  Bide.H  of  head;  each 
Hcatt*  ou  sides  with  a  yellnw  spot  on  its  eilgo;  fins  ino.ntly  red,  the  soft 
dorsal  and  una!  with  4  rounded  yel low  (<pot8 ;  several  hpot^i  on  spinoua 
dorsal  and  caiid.il.  Length  H  inches.  Wuat  Indiea,  north  to  Florida; 
known  from  Cuba,  Pensacoln  Snapper  Uunka,  and  Barbado«.  Tliia  aiuull 
Hpecie4t  is  not  iincoininoD  at  llaviinit.  The  2  Ajieciiiicim  examined  by  na 
were  taken  from  the  atotuacba  of  gronpera  in  deep  water  on  tho  Snapper 
Bunka  aoiith  of  i'unaacula.     { jiuiUarin,  jiretty,  from  piiella,  girl.) 

OoMvphm  piifllarit,  PoET.  Mrmorioa,  II,  210,  1860,  Havana. 

Jtdcodon  pinUari*.  (;(\>'TIIER,  Cat,,iv.  lul,  1882:  Poky.  S.vnnpsU,  3S2,  1808;  JoBDiX, Froc. 
n.  8.  Kat.  Mas.  1881,  bU;  Joxoa.h.  Bcvlew  Labruid  KUIiea,  633,  I8M>. 


633-  PIMELOMETOPON,  Gill. 


I 


(Kat-hkaus.) 

fSmebmutopon,  (inx,  Proc.  Ac  K»t.  Set.  PW1«.  1W4,  68  Ipwtcker). 

Body  robust,  covered  with  Hnmll  bciUm,  nboiitGOin  Internt  line;  both 
liiiibH  of  tlif  prcopiTclr  naked;  candivl  Biil>trniicat«,  with  tlie  iiiiglcs  more 
or  Ions  prodiioed.  Posterior  caniucs  prcHfut;  auterior  I'liuiues  J;  dorsiil 
Hpiiies  12;  adult  tniilu  with  the  furelioiid  greatly  ele\'ated,  covered  with  a 
Ihick  jiail  o)'  l:it.  This  k«diir  is  close  to  Ilarpe,  dirt'iiriiiji  rhieriy  iu  the 
mikorl  dorsal  aud  Kma.ll«»r  Hciiles.  The  miiiill  size  ol'  it«  Hi-iilcn  iliKtiiigiiiBheM 
it  from  TrorliDcupnn,  and  tUo  prewonoe  iif  prmti-rior  iimiiieH  from  Semiconifi)- 
phux.  RohuHt  Hpocion,  (hf  hirgo  size  and  bright  colorH.  {^irifisXf/,  fi»t; 
uirutKor,  foreboad.) 

a.  C'nlnr(iniLlBa),  hr>a<l.  dornal,  niial,  bimI  ciiikIiiJ  Bn».  rtl»n  tho  pnateririr  pnrt  nf  the  bmly 

OS  far  furwanl  an  llm  vrnl,  )>iir]ilir<)i  Uhick ;  low<>r  Jaw   whit*';  tlic  rt<»l  of  tlia 

body  vmryini;  iu  liut  from  ctitar  ^riuiiinn  tu  lilai'kiali.  willi  rii)it>ei'.V  or  piirpliali 

-   Iiister;  fMiialcs  dunky  ronc-colort'd,  widi  Itlm'k  arcoa  ill  dvtloed  ^r  ulj»oliit«i  pre- 

oporcle  serrnlato  In  youit)!,  lM<riiiiiini:  >'[itin.  I'1'i.i'hkb,  1992. 

lui.  Color  red;  n  largo  yellow  lilotcit  nliove  Ibn  ptclnral.  and  »  black  nun  UDtoriorly  on 

tlie  ■piDoiiii  dorHuI :  prtMjporcln  entirv.  i>ABWtNil,  1999. 


IDlti.  I'lMErnjIKTOPnX  rrLCHER  (Ayr 

(CAMI"0UNIA  liKItrlltil  ;   FaT'RBAD.) 


»)■ 


Ml 


FkttdS;  depths,  l*.  XII,  10;  .\..  III.  12;  cyo  5  in  hcdd;  Nnont21;  bisiIbr 
<H1,  11  ttliove  liiteral  line;  verti-bni'  ll-f-17=:2X.  Body  somewhat  ib-up  uud 
i'aiiiprc>H84'd ;  l'iiruh*«tul  iu  tlit>  ndiilt  with  a  vory  prominent  fatty  hump; 
eiiout  rather  blunt;  iiiudiil  (riuiiiiti-,  its  IoIh'h  lii-inf;  prodiK-ed  and  poiiiti^d 
in  the  adult;  };iH  rakers  short  and  thtckisb;  si-iilesoa  bii-aKt  small;  vheekH, 
optTrles,  and  iul<'rop<-rflii.s  with  srulcs;  liiiH  iiiiki'd;  precperclo  serrulatfi 
iu  young.  Color  (iiial(!B),  head,  dorsul,  :iuiil,  uud  caudal  fiim,  also  the 
posterior  part  of  the  body  a?*  far  forward  fts  vent,  pnqjlish  black,  Ioavim- 
JMw  white;  the  rcist  of  tlio  body  varying  iu  tint  frum  clear  triiu«on  to 
blackish,  with  cojipcry  or  purplish  luster;  fcinales  dusky  roiuv-colored, 
with  tin*  bhu'k  areas  ill  ilt*lini'd  or  obsolctf.  Length  3  feet.  Coa»t  of 
luthcni  (.'aliforiiia,  from  Poiut  Conrcpcion  to  Afu'etiaiou  IxLiiid  in  Lower 
laliforuiii.  This  large  and  haiidtiiitne  lish  Ib  very  coninion  on  the  cuii!<t 
nf  Noutherii  Cftlifnniia,  and  is  taken  iu  euornions  iiutubera  in  tln'  k«-lp  off 
the  Hhore.  It  is  t;ikcn  chielly  by  the  ChineBe,  with  hook  and  Hue.  It  \n 
salted  and  dried  by  thi'ni.  It  reaches  a  weight  «>f  13  to  15  pounds.  The 
male  i.s  quilo  ilill'crfiit  in  color  IVoui  tin-  femstle,  and  the  old  individuals, 
a.-*  usual  with  largo  LMltioidx.  have  the  forehead  Hurtiionrited  by  ii  tnasH  uf 
fal.     The  BpeciitiBus  dcHcribcd  nro  from  Sau  Oiego.     {jjiWc/icr,  bcantifnl.) 

brufpuUhtr,   Avrbb,  Prnr  Cal.  Ac.  .'^li.,  i,  1X34,  3,  San  Diego. 
nieoM§yjiliut  putcher,  Ci'rrrnEn,  ('al.iv.  00,  IMi. 
Htittlometufion  yulthtr.  <;u.i.,  Proc.  Ac.  NatSei.  Pliila.  IMM,  Wj  JoRDAK,  ProB. TT. 8. Kat. 

Mm.  IM^),  2u  aud  455. 

tarpt  jiitldira,  .IiiituAN  ti.  GlUlUlT,  Proc.  IT.  8.  Nat.  Man.  tSB],  278:  JOBUAW  li.  tilLBKRT, 
Syliiiioi*  002. 1883. 

tapuM  iiiilther,  Rosa  Slirrn.  Pror.  I',  S.  Nnt.  Max.  18KI,  £13:  .Toitl>AN.  Cat.  KIhIi.  N. 
>^Lm.,  OH,  lx<<5;  JoBriAN.  tn  Oi«ni>«.  Nal-  Hint.  Afprnt.  Aiiini,,  27.^,  I»<4  .Iokdak,  Kevieir 
tafartiiil  KUben,  Ka,  IxM 


IMS.  PIXRT.O»iiTOPON  DABWIMII  (JMiyns). 

Hflnd  3:  deptli  3.  D.  XII,  Hi;  A.  Ill,  !'_>;  acnl««  62.  Snoot  pututed; 
outer  loliea  of  ciiiulal  noticealily  produced,  na  are  tilso  tlio  soft  dorsal  nnd 
uiial;  |ireiip«rclc  t"ntir«.  Color  red  ;  ii.  largo  ycl low  blotch  above- tho  pec- 
toral, nnd  a  black  i>ii<^  :iiitt>ri(M'ly  on  the  BpiiiouB  dorsul.  (Vnlcncicnnrs.) 
iJiilttluifioa  IslniidH;  nnt  seen  liy  ns.  Kvidontly  very  closely  relnl4»d  to  /'. 
puMier, di tlVri ii a  from  th«<  latter  cbielly  in  color.  (Niimed  for  i Us  d iauoverer, 
Cbftrlea  Diiririu.) 

tlonffphlit  darmnii,  Jekvhh,  Vay.  Bi<a(;Ie,    Fliilioii.  lUO,  |il.  20.  1842,  Chatham    Island, 

Oalapaeos.    (Coll.  Darwin.) 
iMhru*  aptr,  Valkmmksnks,  Voy.  (Ii<  U  VAnim,  Z<iol.,  Polu.,  Xt8,  |il. 8.  f.  1 .  text,  1855 :  pUlo*, 

lUfl,  Galapagos  Island. 
TrothoeO})ii»  ilaririnii.  (il'NTniK.  Cat.,  rv.  KH),  I«fii;  Jordan,  Kev  ii.»  Laliroid  Fiahes.  6J3. 
IHmtUiMrlopoii  dartrinii.  <"iU.i,  Proi'.  Ac,  Nitt-  .Sri.  Phlla.  18W,  M, 

634.  CLEPTICUS,  Curier. 
f^Ujitiev4,  CcvtiB,  UigDo  Aalninl,  KiJ.  n,  Vul,2,26t,l«J»  {iimit«ra=pmrr»). 

AnterioT  t«etb  smiiU,  Idnutish,  not  canine-like;  no  posterior  cjuiine; 
mouth  very  Biniill,  teriniiiul;  HQont  short  and  Idmit;  dorsal  and  Miial 
enveloped  in  Mi'ules,  exci^pt  produced  lijis  of  b«>th  (ius;  ound.il  deeply 
forked;  doTsiil  spinea  12,  almost  hiddioi  liy  sories  of  Hrnles;  head  eviry- 
wherfl  closely  aciili'd,  except  on  lips  mid  niioiU;  si-iilea  of  body  large;  pr«- 
operrlti  Hemilati-;  gill  rnkers  sb-udi-r,  nhort;  p«ii'toriil  fidcatc;  lower 
phiivyiigfsilM  very  miiiilU  V-«liai>ril,  their  tci'tli  small,  very  hlant,  and 
uoale.ii-ent;  vertebriie  ID  -1-  17  -27.  This  genus  coutaiim  n  Hinglo  species, 
II.  .>4iiiti;iiliir  Inokiiijr  littlv  tisli,  inhabititig  I  bo  West  Indian  waters.  It  is 
n-markablo  fur  the  i-luHe  K<ii]jimation  of  it-n  lieiid  iiixl  I'tDH,  iis  well  as  for 
till'  freblt'iK^sa  of  its  dentition.  (nXeKriHoi,  one  Ini-linMd  to  steal;  11  nami' 
given  to  recall  the  alliuily  of  thi>  {jcnus  to  Kpibntun.  from  lir/fiovXoi, 
initidions;  its  Dutch  tiiinic  in  MoHitccn,  biiiig  de  iietlriijer.) 

]H»t.  I'l.KrTlirS  l>AKR.i:  dUoch  tt.  Sr<liD«i<1iir). 
((iKM/jkKA;  .JANItiaARY:  CRKOLS.) 

Head  »|;  depth  23.  1).  XII,  10;  A.  Ill,  12;  scales  5-3.5-12 ;  vert*brif 
\i)-\- 17  =  27.  Body  robust,  considerably  conipr*<8S<>d ;  4  rows  of  Hcale.s  on 
rlicek  ;  pectoral.N  falrato,  slij^htly  luiij^ciT  than  histd ;  dorsal  and  anal  cuui- 
plet«dy  onvolopcd  in  a  si-aly  sheath,  iiroduced  soft  rays  of  both  tins  naked 
except  at  base-;  produced  dorsal  ray  nearly  ivslon;;  :i!<hcad.  Color  in  sjiirits, 
reildish  brnwii  anteriorly  as  far  back  as  an  irre;riihirliutM'anneotiu(;  ventrals  ^H 
anil  hist  ray  of  dursal  Hn,  beeoiniiijj  co^ipery  btdnw;  posteriorly  inst-nsibly  ^^| 
nliudiuK  into  griH-nisli  niarbliMl  with  verdijiriH  k"''''''''     This  spcries  seems  -  ' 

to  bt>  riither  rar<.'  in  tin-  \\vn\.  Indies.  Here  dcsi-riluHl  from  a  siiif^ln  sp«-ci- 
men  nearly  a  foot  lon$;  linni  llav-una.  West  Indies,  recorded  from  Cuba 
and  Jamaica.     (Naiiied  lor  Don  .Antonio  I'lirra.) 

ItabiriilAa gntizara,  Pabka.  Uif.  t'iei.-»ii  ile  Ifisl .  N.il.  ('iibji.«4.  pi.  21,  flg.  1, 1787,  Havana. 
lirama  parrai.  BLorn  .V  .Seil.veiLiF.u.  Syiil.  Iililli.,  100.   1801,  Havana;  after  ttabiruhta 
ltmuara,oT  I'ahiu. 


Cl»p<ifus  (tenunra,  CcviKR,  KA^a  JLolnuil,  Kd.Ti,  VoLS,  8fll,  l»29,  Havana;  after  ParkA; 
CrviBn.t  VALRXitRNKits,  lliitt.  Kat.  I'oifn..  xtii.  387.  pi.  a77.  liUK,  tU'.vriiEH,  Ot.,  IV. 
ll2,IHe2;  I'oev,  .Syiiu|>aiit,  382.  IM8:  .TDBbAN.  Tror.  U.  S.  Not.  Mas.  1H«,  45:  JoBQAN> 
Urvlow  Labruid  Fi»hv«,  (HS.  1800. 


^1      lehth 


635.  IRIDIO,  .liinl.-iii  \  Kvcniinnn. 

(IhlNCKl-LAS.) 


/(/'(Ai/coUiu,  Jordan,  Krview  I.ulinilil  I-'inlifit,  (08.  Iinw  liiimidiatu):  iiol  of  Swainsuh,  aa 

Iiri>|M>rl)'  n'»trirriMl    :  <'nri». 
Iridic.  JORDAM  &  KvciWANK,  Clieck-Liot,  412,  tSSe  (r<i<Ii4i/n«). 

JitMly  oblong,  crtiujircssed,  nut  elevntt'd,  covered  with  lar^^o  acnloa,  tbero 
being  25  fo  »)  in  the  coursi'  of  the  lateral  Hue,  wiiich  is  not  interrupted, 
but  abruptly  iM'tit  jiosteriorly.  Scales  on  brca.-ft  riitlirr  siualler.  Head 
uakeJ,  riiiiipre«»i-d,  tonic.  I'rcnpercli' cutire.  T<;eth  Lirgi',  tin-  uppurjiiw 
with  2  strouf;  ■■n.uitieH  in  front,  noiio  of  them  bi^tit  luickward:  lowi-r  juw 
with  1  uotoriiir  cjioinis,  :t  jintsti'rior  caniuo  tooth  ilirectod  forward  on  euch 
sidti  of  the  up])ir  .jaw.  Dorsnl  spines  il;  iinitl  spiiios  'A,  j^riwluatcd ;  vt'ii- 
tntls  insertfd  under  axil  of  ])«ctoral.  (iill  rukcrH  uliort  and  fe«d)le;  gill 
iiieinbrunvH  Hligb  I  ly  .joined  ton  narrow  iHthinns.  Vertobiii'  lO  +  lo^L'n. 
Species  niiiiKToiiK,  nioat  of  them  brilliantly  colored,  abuiiudiii;;  in  kelp  in 
the  triipiral  neaw.  All  «il'  tbcia  are  Anii-rican.  The  j»enna  is  vory  <'bwe  to 
theOld  World  genus  HaHclm-riM,'  diH'eriii«.'  rhif^liy  in  thL«  iliuitition  anil  in 
the  presence  of  il  anal  opines  instead  of  12.     (Iria,  I'/jif,  thi'  rainbow.) 

I  :aii4nl  An  vory  »liglitly  onnravo,  trnnrjitfl  when  iipriMd  a|win,  the  outer  mj  h  lonKer 

lliuu  tliB  iiiiililtc  oucw:  Uiiily  <li!op  ami  ooiiiprmxeil,  iIki  (l<>|ilU  iilMnit  22  in  leniithi 

vi*tilral  tins  liUt'ii-utoiiH.  Uieruitor  my  pniiliii-t^il,  nmii^  titan  t^ncc  xu  long  ns  iittiur 

ray  :  m-ftlrj*  lirtun-  iliir.sal  iinl  cnjHHiii*;  the  inidillr  liiia',  Id  idiout  ;'>  AHricA. 

b    Siile  lii>l(iw  H|>in(iii-<  ditrsal  uitliuiit  iliirk  cri>«.<  Iwir;  E'riieriil  color  liliiUh  (,/l,  or 

hron/.i«  C  I'  k  wltlt  iituiiy  i^ky  libtu  (i(t(>lM,  niofit  dKtiort  jxml^ri'iily :  Hky-blun 

■pota  unit  alrt'iik^  on  luMul;  a  Klripu  paHMlug  tliniiaji;ti  llii>  iip|Hir  jittrt  nt  eye; 

flna  wttb  blu<>atri|ji'8:  a  dark  uxiUary  upot;  end  of  pM-turnl  ilusky. 

BADIATC8,  im. 

•  BaUfhirm,  RtVfriA.  None  Wlrhclthirrp,  Finche,  19, 1836  {Mmaeulatui,  efr.),  not 

Hatitho'rwi,  ynjvon.  1K20,  11  gunuK  of  aciil^ 

VhtrrnJulU,  Illl.L,  I'riM-.  Ar.  N«L  .S«l.  Philn.  lii<12,  lV2;  HiiliKtitiiti'  for  ITnlifhttrtt. 

Tliu  .AinerirHfi  H[XM!i«H  liitlinrto  retVrreil  lo  Uaiifhir.rtJi  ur  (o  PlaUtQlttmt\t§  hixiiu  to  ooDHtU 
tiifp  a  ilintluc  I  |.:i'ii<ia  {Iriilio)  rbanirlcrionl  liy  the  iiiiiiKini  '  ami  tlici  jirpsciieH  of  .')  unul 
apinen,  Tlip  niiTnernUM  Hpecieti  art'  nil  Aiiipriran,  tlioHe  of  Italirhierfi  (Hint;  ronliiH'il  to 
lliH  Eaat  Iiidka. 

Wnalho  rBl•o^llixe  uaa  gwutis  dlatinct  from  Uiiiichvret,  the  groop  calWI  Platyijlornit  by 
BIfttkor  (type  tntiriiinatus). 

Tlio  iluriial  in  I'MyijluiintM  liaa  a  aculy  abi-atb  at  its  liaaP  amnewUat  iia  in  Dip  K«niia 
Harfit,  Till-  aiitxrior  fanimw  in  I'lati/glosmu  an'  J.  Id  Qunllirria  Hlr'ckiT  (errrti&»<'i<- 
tata),  UnniiaiilKija  UK'nki-r  (efiifioiiurfra).  tlier^!  arc  'l  row*  of  uniall  "Cidr.*  on  the  fbet>ka, 
aa  wiiti  ai4  00  tbi:' oporc-lca  nl»uv(*.  Ju  Marrof}harynifmioii  Hlectkcr  ^;irojfrujti},  tlir  atroti^OHl. 
inurkcd  of  ihi*  viinoiia  gi?n*'ra  *»f  Hlor«ki'r.  wblch  Giintlier  bun  Tniiieil  wjtit  /'latpolnttntt 
auil  IlaiirhtrrfM,  tlii' liiMrrr  pliaryli^ciilaarf*  vrryamall,  proviili'<i1  with  bat  Z  (et*tb,  ot'wbifh 
llii>  luidillr  out!  la  qtiitu  ljirui\  In  Uiierniihnrpitgoiiuti  the  ciiniurH  nro  aiiiidl,  \,  iu  nunilxT. 
All  lhi<  .Vincricmi  bihmIc*  ui'ri'  refcrrt'il  to  h'uliu  have  tli"  nnUrior  cauiiii<a  j.  Tlu'  Kii«t 
Indian  xptv'lFaliuvc  I hi'tt'eth  if,  «<if<'plln  2or  3  »p»'ifa,  ia  wlilfli  llin  Ir.-lli  »rv  \.  In  Hali 
ek{yrtji  (lif<  iiMnal  ihiuiImt  of  anal  apiufa  ia  2.  'i'lif  iiauii^  lehthyeaUuM  abould  not  iio  uaml 
fur  Ihia  ccuu.'i.  .lootun  i  Uii<;hrB  remark  (I'roc.  V.  S.  Xat.  Una.  IWIfl.  57):  "The  gi-norli' 
nnmfa,  Vhlnriehlhyn ajuX  IrhthyfallunA  .Swalnaon,  ham-d  in  jiart  on  aperitw  of  Flal^filoitMi, 
but  distiu^uiHliod  by  iuuii;tnuTy  cliamclcrH  auil  iurliidinj;  apociva  of  varlU'r  Ki'ua-ra,  bnvu 
been  vi-ry  pr<ip.-rly  ."n-t  aaiclo  by  l>r.  i;iil  aa  «ynoiiyiua  of  C.'»ri»and  Jttlit"  {Thalatinma). 
A.  aiuiilar  xwvf  baa  Ih-i*ii  taken  Ii3'  Ilr.  Swiu'ii.  I'mc.  ^Vt\  Nat.  .Sri.  Phila.  lWt2,  275.  Swain 
retnarka:  *'  <*hltn-tchth[/t  unA  /rA/Ai/iirWiiM.  ••oufuaeil  Juntblea  of  apiM:ica,  may  well  be  eou- 
Aid^m4t  na  nynonynia  of  ThaUuuoina  and  Vuri;  re»i»r;tivoly,  altbuugb  acvi-ral  fcenunk  are 
reprvButHcil  in  tuicb." 


1588 


Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum, 


bb.  Side  bolow  npinotis  donal  with  h  v«ry  brand,  blmrVlvh  rm>«  bar. 

c,  fienora]  color  bluinli  nroUvop  dark  croaa  bar olncun!,  running  from  middla 

of  apiDoaa  dorael  to  Ihc  spnrc  Imtworn  ventrala  and  \etst.  belilbd  thin 

»  p«lo-y«llairish  liar ,  head  and  aot«rU>r  rcKii^n  wiih  round,  palcblniah 

apota,  wblch  extend  uii  back  aud  on  the  dark  bur;  dorxal  bliiiab  atbaa4\ 

yrllowfttb  nUive,  witti  rot(ii1arblii(^  apota  riiiKiMl  wiib  darker;  a  narrow, 

Miirmarein  along  <<<lt(c<>r  flit;  luiidal  witb  ubiu-iiro  round  bliiiuh  spota; 

anal  Ukedoraali  pmttomla  anil  ri^ntratn  ydnin.  MKltdUO,  lOM. 

w.  Generttl  color  Tf\ :  dark  iTtia*  bar  ivmspiciioiiH  rrom  tlie  fimrt li  lo  anwutb 

domiil  itpiiieH   flu-vnward   to  iniildlo  cif   niiloa ,  Mcalna  of  aid«a  rat;b 

witb  n  vcrtinil  blue  line.  tlxMu  nncoriiirly  margined  wIlIi  %iolt'ti  aiden 

ol'  bi}Ad  willk  bliiu  Uiii'N  :ind  fipota,   dorsal    and  raiidai  oraiij^.   tlio 

fumifr  wiih  <ibUi|iif  Virnkrn  lini-M  iil'  KIiib.  Iho  liittor  witb  a  f«w  hliio 

attolt  ill  ImMO;  iinal  violnt.  1b(<ii  ynlldwl.tli.  Ilii-ii  ninrginMl  with  blap, 

with  a  blue  median  linciiiul  lirokcn  blue  linriiat  baxt':  <itbrr  flna  pnlo. 

Iload  3^  iu  length;  I'auinc'N  slruD};;  scalKa  on  napo  in  5<>r  0  neirk-ii,  not 

orttaaiii);  tlio  median  linr>;  rauilnl  very  Kliglitly  emnrginato :  oiit<<r  ru)° 

of  ventral  twii-«  Innur  rny.  and  ruarhing  viiut.  RKU-irKit,  1907. 

OS.  Gnndal  An  roiindi'd  or  Habtrunrak':  tbr  onl«r  raya  not  prodnood,  abortor  than  the 

middltt  rny». 

rf.  HcaliiH  brfiire  denial  nMliicwd  in  aise,  extnndinf;  arroaa  tbo  median  lino,  and  in 

10  lo  13  mwM;  vi-ntral  Hborl,  ita  raya  not  lllanivntnua;  anont  rathrrblnnt : 

body  moiluriitrly  rliingato.  thp  di'ptb '.Ij  in  b'uytb;  floloT  olivaceoui*,  with 

aoQK- blue  and  bronze  innrkin^s;  niultiiwitli  nbin^ul  iDdipi  Mnrrroiia  baud 

behind  petlurnU;  I'iMunlei    with  inky  apota  on  tbo  sralefl  of   the  upper 

poHterior  |iart  of  back ;  pectorala  yellow,  with  a  black  axillary  almt. 

SKMIciMcrri-'a,  19M. 

rfrf   Scolea  bcfori-  diiraal  largo,  in  4  to  G  rnwn.  not  croaaing  the  niediaa  line;  snoai 

nioilrrikl^'ly  pivinted. 

«.  Ventnil  finn  with  the  ontnr  raya  prodnced,  more  than  twiM  the  lODgtb  of 

tdf  inner. 

/,  SIdi-  wlthont  conaplcnoiiB  dark  lateral  band  ard  witb  a  dlatlnrt  dark 

vi^rtic^al  bur,  cxteiidin;:  duwiiward  froiii  h|)iiif>iin  dontul :  axillary 

apol  ^^lMCll^^>;  boily  ratliiT  oluiiyatv,  tboduplb  about  3}  in  K'Uuth; 

pr<>nicnot>it«e|j;  puBleriurFiU)ii>eHral]ivrj<iimll;  bead  withblack 

Rtn^aka  anil  npotft  ubovo;  caudal  sbarjily  liarrt«l.    OAiiKort,  11)90. 

ff.  Side  witb  a  bnuxl  liliir  blai'k  biti'ral  band  rxtindinj;  Iram  eye  to  tip 

of  riindal,  the  hark  nlxirr  tbiii,  dark  brown  or  bluifth:  apiuooa 

dorwil  with  iii«  viinKpicnons  blank  Hpol ;  a  diirk-ldiio  atripe  tmm 

eye  1u  nape;  iinii  mc-^ily  itliie-bbick  Willi  p^lo  iMl^iuj^B;  middle 

and  bono  iir<-:tiidal  duaky;  tip  uf  pivtoral  diinky;  proflli?  rather 

ntAop;  bo<ly  rather  rubiiat,  tliu  ilegitli  U^  In  linKtb. 

r^  ANIMKI'HALCB.  2000. 

M.  VenInU  tliia  witb  outer  r;iy  not  proilucrd,  it.N  Ic^nifth  not  mure  than  | 

that  of  inner  ray»:  aide  nith  a  dark  littxral  band  ;  ajteciea  nf  amall 

alte. 

If,  Hpinona  doi'aal  with  aeonapirnouH  blito-blaik  ipat  bet  ween  the  Hlth 

and  aevenih    HpLnMH;  boily  luit  very  Hleuder,  the   depth  3}   in 

Icagth;  a  dark  blind  from  anoiit  thrnngli  rye  to  ujMtrtle.  the  lat- 

orul  Itand  on  xiili'  briuidiT  than  eye  luid  pluei<l  ii  little  above  the 

operi'iiUr  bujid.  Hie  lalTiil  bniid  ext>-udlu){Diarly  to  tip  of  eail- 

dal ;  no  MH^oDil  dark  band  Ih^Iiiw  it;  a  faintdark  apot  imdrr  last 

doraal  my  nnd  one  at  baan  of  jHictoral  i^wve;  3  or  3  narrow 

bluiah'Wtiito  a'ri|ieii  aeroHa  cheek:  body  and  flna  in  life  with 

brSgbl  <iij(ir»  which  fade  in  alcohid.  MACUUI'INWA,  2001. 

ffff.  8pim>iia  diiraal  |>nle,  the  black  apot  very  Amall  or  wanting;  body 

aletider,   the  depth  4  in  lei)>;th;  operclo  with  a  conapiciioua 

Idiiek  a|Hi(;  »  liliu'lduek  bund    rnini   ituout  Ibrouuli  eye  and 

a^Toaa  0]H<rt'lun  tn  liaar  ot  <-aiictiil,  uot  r\t4'n<lia9j.;  on  the  (iuj  a 


Jordan  and  Evertnann. — Fishes  of  iVorlh  America.      1589 


ntirrower  mid  faintur  bund  fmni  lower  luu)cufp<H^t«ral  to alioTn 

uiiiil,  tbi'^r  biUj(laj^fi>W]]ij;  Idiul^r  wltl.  o^(>  uiii]  H0[n(*tiliJO!»  din* 

upixnrint:.  tUc  luwiTitlwajei  wiuillng  in  tlie  a<iuU,  ii<>axUlar>' 

0|Kil ;   uu  (liHtini't  IijiexIh  arroKH  tiltiH*k;  liuH  moHlly   pale,  willi 

l>ri|{lil.  ml  and  Liliioc«>lura  in  lifo,  tlic  young  uml  cltM'p  waloi 

liKlividualH  ofleo  iibowinga  liliink  ii|>ot  Ht  baiteor  uuudulanil 

aunii-timi'«  a  dork  Hifot  near  mi'Mle  of  dursal  with  8<<nielinica 

11  Inr^cur  uiiiv  at  thi-  b»)w  nf  itji  biat  ray  ;  aiiglea  of  t-aiidal  bliick 

iu  njilull  .  lij^wtr  |ibiiry]:i;;caln  T-ftbH]»ed,  tbeanti^rinr  limb  VL«ry 

abnrt.  HlviriATia,  2002. 

Caudal  ttu  donbto  caucuvv,  )l)o  raiMlina  portiun  convex,  tlie  oiiler  ruva  mora  ur  less 

lin<diii'i-d  III  iiiliill  M  lit'  liii  rnumtc*!  in  tlie  young) ;  xcale*  b«ri<r«<  duruil  Iu  6  ur 

7  rowi>,  mil  i  ro«Aiug  I lii'  iiii'diiiii  lino :  u  blue  black  ^iHit.  dime  behind  ey«,  anine- 

tiniva  obaoli-lo  in  the  adult, 

h.  ZAteral  Use  wltb  a  round  blue  blark  rimiI  below  fnitrtb  mid  Itltli  iloraal  spiDea, 

tbeapot  larfjnr  ttiaii  eye*;  nii  apot  lM*liind  nye;  vi^nLraln  witb  the  outer  ray 

little  vrmliiwd,  nut  riiiichlni:  ui-arly  in  tipHof  )>o<'tanilH;  body  ratbcr stout. 

tlto  dcjitli  about  3]  In  li'nt;lb;  iiroflk-  »ti'e|i;  aiiuut  nioiloratviy  puluUil. 

nouxlUury  BiiuC;  culur  olive;  blui]  aiKitHuii  tbu  scnlea  poatvriorly,  wbttiab 

HjHits  unluriorly\  bead  niid  taiidiil  tiirgi'ly  ivd  in  life;  young  with  n  dark 

lutiirtil  band.  Midiuji;  in  ltu<  very  yniiiii;  iu  n  binrk  xpot.         Iiiai'lixa,  2IIO;i. 

Iih.  Iiiitpr^il  li'io  witliimt  bliu'blui'k  n|M>t;  vent  rals  with  tlic  outer  rayn  scarcely 

UiaiiiLMit^jiiH^  iiboiit  rf«aclitnj[j  tips  t«l  [HX'luralii. 

i.  Ttibva  ijf  jiorf-M  nl'  Ijitt^ral  liui-  dialinctly  briim'licd,  tfae  braucbra  UNiiully 

'A  iu  number;   budy  uui<lciiiU<ly  nl^ndcr.  the  di'pth  a  little  Ivan  than 

tengtb  of  bead  and  :>jl  to  4  iu  body;  head  3|. 

j.  Eyt>  targv.  1}  iu  aiioiit;  Hnniil  not  very  abarp,  the  antorinr  proflle  of 

buad  «t<«p  and  aligbtly  convex;   HDimt  2)  in  bnnil  niRaaiired 

alung  the  axki  pettural  nhortinh,  1]  in  lii^ad;  riilur  in  apirlta 

olivnoeotia,  wltb   Inu-eit  or    3  darker  oro»a  ttandn;    dork   Jtpot 

belijnd  ••>'()  largt-,  witb  u  distinct  gobbu  8|Hit  above  ji  in  »oinv 

exani|ili-n ;  a  rniind  black  Hpot  at  liiuir  of  ln«t  ray  of  dorsal ;  tins 

all  jiuln  iu  Dpirlt.-,  Ilif  Jiual  t<dgcd  wltb  bluiati:  n  bliiinh  rniaa 

bar  »u  baoi^  uS  |i»-lorid.  KtKix-iiii,  2(HH. 

jj.  Eya  amnll.  2j  in  anoiil,  browniah  abovv,  bright  viob't  n-d  )>e)iiw; 

many  blue  Hp<il«  abore;  a  ereaoent  on  tnae  uf  p«-oliir»l:  caudal 

edged  with  violet  and  witb  ooovergMit  atrealu  at  yelluw. 

IKIEYI,  2005. 

M,  Tnbea  nf  jxires  of  lat>>ml  llni<  all  aimplie  or  very  npurly  so,  uiit  trilid; 

boily  Very  xlenilar.  Ilio  iloptli  muLli  leaa  tliau  louglb  u(  licnd,  4^  iu 

body;    lieixl  JJ;   nnuut   very  ah&rp,  the  anl^'rior  jinitUti  of  bead 

KtruigUtlab  and  uol  ateitp;  Huuut  2(  iu  head;  eye 'J  in  tinnut;  pee- 

tiiral  uiudviate,  12  in  bntd;  imlor,  in  apirita,  pak',  iiuiuarkiMl,  except 

for  thu  amidl  bbirk  ajiot  behind  eye. 

1;.  Color  ill  life,  olivi-  gn-t'O,  lilulnb  beloH-;  bark  witb  blue  apote;  a 

yidlnw  bninl  on  aulea  with  vilciih  oiatllnea,    iioKterior  pai^ 

[^ttter.  Vi\i\\  riJwa  of  blor  apota;  bead  willi  libu<  banil.s;  doraal 

and  iuial  ruay,  with  blue  a|K>ta.  vat  iMtJ.'t,  '.HJO0. 

kk.  Color  ill  UlV.ullvaceoua;  a  bioad  band-like  areii  of  orange  mingled 

wllh  viuli't  HiKtU  along  aidca  baokward  rroiii  In-ad  (o  uihhlln 

of  b<Hl} ,  (hv  lowi'r  edg>'  of  tliia  band  aerralei  livlow  CliiH  a  pale 

violet  baud,  darkiT  l>ebind  :  Ktill  lowi-r  n  yfllow  slripr;  hi'ad 

olivareoua,   marked   with    blnn;    jiriMirbitiil    linirlel,   witb  3 

violet  stripes:  operolcs  bright  rod,  with  3  violet  atrlpen,  the 

postvrular  black  aput  in   I  bo  uppennatt ;  ilorHul  and  anal 

orange  and  yuUnw,  with  b1«o  «|>otJi:  caudal  wllli  cunvorgent 

blAda  of  otAUge  forming  ruticnlationa  around  blue  apot*. 

I'tt-I'US,  2007, 


IttUu.  lUIUlU  UAItlvriK  (Unanus). 

(PUIIDWO  Wirg,'   DONCICI.LX;   Pl'DtANO  VKRIIK.) 

H.<jul  31  to  4 ;  <lf'ptli  uhoiit  -Jf.  U.  IX  (riiivly  VIII^,  U ;  A.  Ill,  12;  uoales 
2-28-10;  eye  6j  in  hcHil;  Hnoiit3;  prctnriil  H;  Lightwt  dnrstil  npine  31. 
Caudal  fiu  very  KlinUtly  «-ciiirttVi>,  triiui''at<*  when  Hprciul  opi-ii,  tUi'  ouUr 
riiyH  loiiffiT  Ibini  tln'  iiii(lill<i  oiiom;  Imdy  di-i-p  and  I'oinpn'MM'd;  vvutnil 
liiiH  filivriii'iitiiii>,  thi'  cutter  ray  |ir(Mlni-i-il,  iiKin-  thiiii  twi<-i<  iim  loiij;  :is  iiiiiiT 
riiys;  m-ulcs  Im-Ioik  ilorsiil  imt  ^rl)H^ilI^  the  iiiid<lli>  liiir,  in  iilioiit  r»  Mcrirw. 
Lower  pbiiryii^ciil  T-r<Lupi:'<l,  imt  iiiiK'li  liniadiT  than  li>n<;.  Male  (isb 
lnrg(>ly  olive,  the  lower  partn  «icep  MuiuM  (ireeii ;  a  l>n);lit  orangn  olive 
area  Iteliilid  iipereli',  Iheli  a  liliu-  rro.ss  l):tii(]  with  iii(lefiliit<-  ed|j;ei<  at  vent, 
the  rent  of  the  Imtly  tiii;;c'«t  with  golden,  the  part  iiliovt-  iixix  of  body 
more  or  let's  oriiii^e  Imiwn;  the  wlmle  upper  ball'  of  body  shown  more  or 
leNH  oraniio  hliattiri^;  lirea.tt  Miiegn-eii;  ii[iie  wpotN  on  Nrale*t  W'hh  pro- 
noiiiired  than  in  the  feniiile;  liejail  livid  blue  ^reen,  more  or  leHx  Ktriped 
and  Npotted  wilb  <'lear  bine,  the  M|>iitft  arran^ieil  om  in  the  I'eniali'K,  but  le,SH 
ftharpiy  detiTied;  orange  Htripc.-s  and  areas  on  top  and  I'ront  uf  bead  a.s  in 
t'eaiale,  Imt  the  blue  areaB  larger  and  iiutre  eniroarbinKi  dorxnl  uiid  ean- 
dul  alike  in  both  Hevi's,  the  blue  umre  ])ronoiini'ed  in  mule;  anal  alike  in 
both,  but  in  the  tnab-  the  median  «tripe  is  of  a  rieh  urans  green;  |H'clonil 
in  untie  with  blue  rayrt  and  briKbt  ji;raHis-)rr«*L'ii  nii-nibranett;  ventraU  Hiiiij- 
btr,  bnt  tbe  inner  rayii  >rrecn;  blue  Hpot  at  ba»e  of  pi^eUirnl  abovv  very 
iutt'iiHi!;  iibli<iut>  liiiiidH  from  peeioral  downward  and  baekwiird  similar  in 
both  Kt'xeM.  In  life  the  feiiiftli-  of  the  "  l'uildin;;-wile"  in  id'  a  rieh  trann- 
luieiit  bronze  olive,  the  helly  lu'ecHiiing  a  livid  ])early  blue,  tinged  with 
eri'anry  oran);e;  a  rpiadrate  arpa  bidore  <l«r>al  yellnwisli  jjreen,  with 
abrupt  edges  and  bounded  by  Idiie  liui's;  '.i  wiiitinh  Madd1e-lik<-  bloti-heH 
below  dorsal  lin  ;  a  yellnwi.sh  area  on  baek  of  tail;  top  t\t'  hea<l  orange 
olive,  with  S  rowx  of  clear  blue  wpots;  ii  bbie  stripe  from  nape  through 
upper  part  of  i-yo  to  unmit;  a  wavy  stripe  ofldne  just  below  eye;  tem- 
poral re^fioii  with  enrved  streaks  of  briyht  blue;  lipw  mostly  blue;  eheekd 
ni'arly  plain;  open  le  li^ht  orange,  \\  iili  dasln-s  of  blue  and  v  iolt>t,  bnt 
without  well-de)itied  spots;  middle  t>f  bnver, jaw  light  bine;  a  longitudtnal 
Htreak  on  Itiwi-r  part  of  ebeek;  lower  jaw  light  orange,  with  2  bine  iross 
bands;  iuteroperele  with  a  blue  stripe;  axil  grei'n;  a  yidlo wish-green 
shade  fr<ini  peeloral  to  eanilal;  a  deeji-bho' spot  at  upper  base  of  pectoral; 
3  brtiud  orange  bars  downward  and  biukward  f^oni  pectoral,  the  iiit<'r- 
M]iBeeB  blae;  eaeb  si-ale  on  body  with  vertiial  spot  of  vivid  bine;  on  eau- 
diil  peduiiele  tliest)  Hpots  uro  brif;bt(-r,  beeoiniiig  round  below  anil  horizon- 
tally oldonn  abitve;  some  of  theiii  4in  base  of  jinal  conllnent  iu  lineo; 
iiMJiith  and  gill  cavity  within  whit^-  (livid  bine  in  mule);  dorsal  orange; 
a  broad  l>lue  luarginal  strip<':  a  blue  utripe  at  its  l>ase,  interrnptod  behind: 
besides  these  a  inesiitl  slripi',  breaking  np  posteriorly  into  about  3  rows 
of  irregular  enrved  spots;  eainUI  orange,  broadly  ti])pt'd  with  yellow,  its 
outer  raya  blue,  its  baaal  part  with  many  irregular  s[iot.s  of  light  blur; 
anal  with  a  basal  ruw  uf  blae  t)pot«,  then  un  orange  band,  tbuii  a  uar- 


*Tb«>  romiMion  <>f  tho  Dnini.*  "Padding-wirt,"  I'rum  I'uJtaiw  uiu\  old  wiri',  i«  an  Inter- 
mMIdk  freak  uf  pujiulur  ••tyaiulugy. 


I 


I 


rower  Htripi'  of  Uri.i,'lit  Uliii<,  then  a  hroiwl  yclliiw  baml,  thi-ii  ii  row  of  bliio 
Kpotw,  tlii-n  Kiniijfti,  tln'ii  :tii  0(lg»'  iiC  «ky  lilui';  purtural  tr:iiis]D<'fut, 
Hhiiilcil  witli  liliir.  iiiiil  soitii'  jialc  iiraii;;^;  vciitnil  with  thi<  Hpim^  ami  ilrst 
Bofl  ray  blur,  thu  inciiiliraiir  unmgr,  tUi-  liii  iitliiTwi«c  triinKlucciit.  Wrst 
IiidicH;  i-<>iiim<>ii  frmii  Bia/il  north  t"  the  Floridii  Ki-yt^  ainl  HiTimidii,  iind 
St.  PaiilH  RiH-kH.  Kftii};lh  1«  iiirlien.  Our  himh  inioiis  troin  Kry  West  iiml 
Iltivnua.  Tlii«  Ik  (liuhMxcnt  in  mxi^  nf  thi«  Americuii  hpecicn  <if  Iridio, 
and  iHio  (»f  thoHn  lUdHt  ruaiiily  rc'i'iigtiiKud.  Prnli'.HSor  (Jondc  liai  well 
dc>.Hrril»i-d  thi»  varlatiiiiiK  duo  to  nui:  ThiK  !«iii-t'ii'8  in  <'vi(lciitls  tlm  Pmliono 
verdr.  of  Mtirogriivr,  the  Pinldiiinj-wil'i'  nf  Catt^Mliy,  and  tlii>  hunvdta  oC 
Parro.  Liihrmi  railiatim  uT  l<inD:i-nM,  iu  thf  tinth  iMlLtioii,  i«  baM<d  Holely 
on  thi'  Piiddiiig-wirc  of  t'attvsby.  TLi<  Liuiiiciui  iuuik-,  radialna,  must 
thervfttrc  be  tak»'ii  ror  this  ft|iri-ieA.  In  the  tw««lfth  i-clltlnii,  lAihrim  radi- 
nln*  disjqipc.iiR,  ;mu1  the  piidftiiig-vviro  aiipt-ius  ;ik  a  dniilitriil  syutinyiii  uf  ii 
Spanm  radintUM,  whicli  is  biusi'd  on  a  ripoctmeii  ui'  Iriiiio  birillatii.t  Heiit  by 
l>i'.  CJartU'U  Iroin  Soiilh  Carolina,     {rudiattit,  ra<Iiaut,  f<treak»'d.) 

I'mliano  rrriU-,  MAR(r>RA\'R,  Uiitt.  Pisi:.  Braai).,  140,  1048,  Brazil;  on  a  tlntwiof:  liy  I'rJiir« 

^[Ai'aii'B  u(  NtWHun. 
Turiim  omiUi-radiatu  {Pudiliiig-wtfe),  Catrsbv,  Nat.  lIUl.  Carol. ,  ll,  13.  pi.  13,  lie.  1.1743, 

Bahamas. 
Labrut  radiatiu.  httmxVB.  Syat.  N«t.,  Kd.  x.  288,  1758;  Umetl  on  Catmsbt. 
TionffUn.  Varra.  IXw.  I>if.  Vin.  Hist.  Nat.  CiiImi.  flS,  lain.  37,  (Ig.  1,  17H7,  Havana. 
Labrun  bratUienru,  BUH'ii,  Ichll].,  pl.StUl.  1702,  Brazil ;  uii  a  dmvrbig  of  ilm  I'lutiaun  vtrdr 

by  Prince  Mauricr  of  Naaiian;   ItLuiW  >V.  ScHNUneR,  .Syalt-mit  li-lith.vtil..  '^42.  IWtl. 
Julitenlaphu*.  CUVIXB,  Rigne  Anlm..  Kd.  ll.  Vol.  i,  2Sft,  1829:  bt*Mt  on  Dunerlla  of  I'AUkA : 

llodi'BlTiptlDII. 

JiiliK  (njaiiuitl;ii>ia.  t'VVlKK  .V  VALEN'iEJfMlH.  Hint.  Nnt.  PoIm..  .xill,  :t01,  IK-'tU,  Martinique. 
Jtilii  opalina,  CoviRB  iV  Vai.enoiennks,  Uiiit.  Nnt.  I'oiM.,  xni,  ;ni2,  18.19,  Martinique. 
JtUit  patatui.  Ci;nBR  &.  VaUUKIKKHM,  Hi«t  Nat.  Poia*..  xm,  3W.  IKtO,  Martinique; 

Cuba. 
'illit printtpU.  CrriKR  &■  YMJomEtrnKf.  HUt  Nat,  Poian.,  mil  40U,  I8:t9,  Bahia. 

lehlhjft  liraritieiuit,  SwAIHHO.s,  Class.  Ktnli..  et< .,  2U2.  lt)3U ;  iinnio  uoly . 
i>(a^l/<7(<iMNL(C!/'>»M'H/ina,  GI'NTUEB,  Cat.,  iv.  181,  1882;  COPK,  Trtmn.  Am.  PliU,  So4\  1871, 

t<U;  (iO.VTIIEIl,  Sli'im  Fiilu'M.  UliallpugiT,  4,  1880. 
Platyfilotirvt  pri'iicijii*.  Gl'NTHER,  CnCiv,  IfM,  1862, 
I'lati/fflunvt  raditilut.  OI'M'HKK,  Cat.,  tv,  Iftt,  1862;  .ToHDA.N,  I»r<ic.  r.  .S.  Nat.  Miiit.  1B«4, 13&| 

JoKUA.v,  Cnt.  FIhU,  N.  Aiu.,BK,  IWS:  JORDAN,  Proc,  U,S.  Nnt.  Miih.  18«a,l.'>;  Jobii/LV  & 

Hl-cillES,  Prmr.  t'.  ,S.  Niil.  Mim.  1H»S,  59. 
f'latyplutsiui  npnltuuM,  CDntiikr  Cat.,  IT,  IKI,  lilOZ. 

VhntnjutU  cyanottigiiia,  PuKT,  8yii»p«is.  :134.  IHftS.  Havana;  PoKV,  Enumeratio,  107,  MtTS. 
Vhvrojvlit  radialut,  (rooiilt.  Bull.  ir.iS.  Nut.  Miu.,  v.'Xi,  WIU. 
HaUeluertt  radiatwt,  Jobuam,  Koview  Labroid  Fiabea,  Ml,  188U. 


lOun.  lieiUlO  MrH(»L$<l  (Jordan  &  Gilbert), 


HeadSi;  d.pth  :U.  n,  IX,12;  A.  lIT.Ilj  scale*  2-28-*<.  Bodycloppiind 
comprt'ssed,  Lyad  i-iitindy  naked;  uaudal  liu  ali|;;btly  coticavp,  triiucato 
when  spread  npuii,  thu  outer  rays  Itingrr  than  th«  luiilillo  ones;  ventral 
lias  illaiii«nt<)iia,  tho  outer  ray  prodiir<>d,  more  than  twire  as  l(iiij»  as  inner 
rayn;  acalna  tiplore  dorsal  not  LTossin);  tb("  middle  line,  in  abont  5  «erie«. 
Goneral  I'olor  blai&li  or  olive;  sidu  buluwapinousdorsn]  with  a  vury  broad, 
blockish  croaa  bar  nomt-what  ubHcure,  ruuniug  from  iniddlu  of  upiuoua 


1592  Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


dnrxal  to  tht>  itpu<!o  hotwneii  thn  ventnila  antl  vent;  l)nliiu<l  rliis  a  palp 
yeltaA%'iBli  bar;  beail  atKi  auti-rior  lej^imt  with  roiitiil  pnic  bliilHh  spotA, 
which  I'xtaud  on  back  iiuil  on  tlm  dark  liar;  ilur8;il  liliiiHli  nl  liivte,  yellow- 
iuh  ubin'C',  with  ro<;ii]ar  Miio  M|»otH  riiigcHl  witli  diirkor;  ii  iiurrow  blue 
iiiargtii  iiloiiK  edfjo  nf  tin;  <>ati*lal  with  tibNdire  round  hliiiRh  spot*;  anal 
like  (hirHitl ;  pectorala  and  ventralH  plniii.  iHlandH  nl'  the  wi<til.  rnast  of 
tropicitl  Ammini,  Kevilla^jigt'doM  and  (lalii.paj;<i».  Thix  spi-cics  was  lirst 
dosoribod  frmii  a  8lii;;le  n])ei'i[iivti  fridii  S)n'urn>  Islaud.  A  secimd  and 
larger  example,  Ijti  incliea  l<m;{,  taken  by  the  Jffirifroifx  at  I'barlon  Inland 
ill  tho  <>nlapag(is,  shown  the  life  ruloratiun  bettor  than  the  typt>.  T)iis 
apBcii'H  ii*  tbo  I'arilio  reprcsciitativo  of  /rirfio  radiulus.  ( ither  Apccimens 
have  bren  siiuin  obtainwl  at  the  KcvilJHKigedoB  b.v  Dr.  liilburt.  (Named 
for  <  "apt.  Henry  E.  Nichols,  U.  S.  N. ) 

J'lali/glvfsuM  nirhoUri,  .IoRUAn  ^  GILBERT,  \'nn:  V.  S.  Nul.  Miin.  1881,  231,  Braithwaite 
Bay,  Socorro  Inland  (Tyiiv,  Nu.  28218.  I  'nil.  KiclioU) ;  Jokd.vm  iL  HuoUES,  I'roc  U.  S. 
Not.  Mii».18WI,61. 

UalichirrtM  ntc/iolji,  Jobdan,  Kovii^w  I.aliroid  Fi«li(>i,1M2, 18B0, 


IM;.  IKnilll  SKLLU'KR  (ailbert). 

IltMxl  3j^;  depth  3|,  D.  IX,  It;  A.  Ill,  12;  mnxilJary  3^  in  head;  snout 
2];  ey»  3  ill  siiont;  latcrul  line  3S.  CaniDosBtrong;  »<ciiles  on  iiapniu  5  or 
fi  serioa,  unt  iTiiBHing  the  iiu-diaii  lliiui  no  scaly  Nhcaths  jdon;^  <lor>4ul  imd 
uual ;  camlal  V)-ry  sli^litly  uiciarginattt;  outer  ray  nf  ventralB  twiru  inner 
vny  and  rcrtchiiiff  vmit.  Gi'iicral  tolor  red;  dark  cross  bur  conspicitous 
fniiii  fourth  to  Htsvuiilh  dorNal  npiiies  doAcuward  to  iimtdio  of  «idu;  scales 
iif  Bidi^s  I'licli  with  a  vxTtical  blue  line,  thoBu  antcrinrly  iiiar>;iiied  with 
vicilvt;  HiilnM  of  hoa<l  with  blue  lines  and  Hpots;  d<>r^<»l  .iii<l  i-aiida]  oniuf^e, 
the  former  with  oUliijiK^  broken  Itnt-s  of  blun,  tbo  latter  witli  ai  few  lilne 
spots  lit  basti;  aniit  violet,  llieu  yelbiwixli,  then  iiiarjriiied  with  bine,  with 
II  Mun  inodiati  Iiiu«  und  broken  bine  Hues  at  b;i.M«;  oth4*r  (ins  pnle.  (Gil- 
bort. )  l{evillaKi^<-'do8  Anbipelngo.  'i'hi»  hand.'ionie  Hpecle«  is  known 
fniui  u  single  spcctiiien  II  iiudiuH  loii;;;  taken  by  Dr,  (Jilbcrt  at  C'lnrinn 
Island.  It  id  c lonely  rehitcd  to  /i-frfio  nieAu/«i,  did'eriiiK  I'hielly  in  its  red 
color,  a  hue  which  in  raro  in  tho  present  fieitus.    {xeUa,  naddlc;  fern,  I  boar.) 

llalictiifTtM  tetlyfer,  (liLiiicuT,  I'iukv  U.  S.  Nut.  Mim.  18UII,  67,  Clarion  Iilaod  (Cull.  Alba.- 
IroM);  Jobdan,  Rvviow  Lnhroiil  Fiit]ii>K.  M'l. 

1»»8.  IKIUtll  KFKtniVCTrN  (AynM>. 

(KkLT  ►ll-H;   SKSoHITA.) 

Ueiul3t;  depth  3|.  I).  I.\,  12;  A.  Ill,  12;  eyeTiu  huad;  stiontS;  scales 
S-26-9.  HodyobloMx,  compressed,  nitber  elevated  ]it  the  nape;  Ii]i8  thick, 
the  lower  with  a  frenuin;  teeth  in  about  2  serien,  'A  or  4  of  the  anterior  in 
each  ,iuw  cauine-like;  eye  small;  dorual  spines  sleudt^r,  low.  and  tlexible; 
seniles  on  breast  Minall;  HcttliN  bt^fore  dorsal  reduced  in  si/e,  extending 
acroHH  the  niediiiu  line,  and  in  tU  to  i:!  rows;  ventral.H  Hliorl,  tlioir  ravH  not 
lllainentotis;  snout  rather  bhiiit.  Dark  iireenish  brown,  with  brixbt 
reflections;  head  brouKe  green  above,  3  or  4  narrow,  horizontal,  wavy  blue 


I 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1593 


bnnda  below  thf  eye,  nlterDatlng  willi  Uroii/e.  .Tust  nimvp  iiiitMIe  of 
bwly,  clone  bt^liiiiil  the  pi-itoralu  in  tln'  iiiiil<>r>.  iit  n  il<»oi)  iiuli^o-Miie  oroBS 
bunt],  which  nearly  nicots  iln  IVUow  under  the  litlly;  jn-rtoralw  yoUow, 
iijiptT  eilRP  of  axil  black  ;  vciitrals  <Team  fulur,  pacb  roachiti|ir  boyomi  tbn 
(lOMterior  edge  ttf  tlir  blue  troHS  baiiil;  other  linn  vvilli  bori/ontal,  wavy, 
reddish  streaks;  I'l-iQ.ilt"  witbuiit  bhro  band,  but  with  itre-iiilar  iukliko 
spotH  ou  nuiiicroiiH  scaler  on  the  buck  utid  tail.  The  eiiloratiou  is  '■oiii- 
paratively  {thiiii,  but  tbut  of  the  luniiile  ih  iiutably  dilVcreut  froiti  that  of 
the  male.  The  epeciiuen  doBcribed  is  from  San  Diego.  Southern  ("ulifor- 
nia,  Suuta  ISarbafH  Il^IandH  toCerros  Island;  rather  coinniou  in  the  kelp 
off  shoro.     Lcntith  about  a  foot.     (<<em\e\%>ctn>i ,  half-bnnded.) 

Jutii  tniiieiiifluji,  ArKKi>.  rrov.  C»l.  Ai-.  tk'i.  IBT'O.  32,  Cerros  I&land;  luiile. 

Itatf/ijliiiKiM  unitiftuetut,  Hl'imiKli,  Cut.,  IV,  \0\.  WIB;  STKixnAriiNnR.  Idilli.  Beitriigi!,  V, 
l&l,  1870;  JuHIiaN  it  Ull.BF.Rr,  PriM'.  IT.  8.  Xut.  Mint.  1880,  I.Vi;  JimiiAX  &  fiiuiEBT, 
S)'Dop«i«,  OO:),  imt;  JoiiDAS,  Cat.  Fisli.  N.  Am.,  99,  188S:  JoiiUAN  &.  UvailKa,  i'ruo. 
tT.  S.  N»l.  Mu».  IMM.  60. 

IlalichoTii  *etnieii>cttui,  Johdas,  Jlevlow  I,iiliriii<!  KlKhcx,  I'M,  ISfti. 


Htm).  IKIIItO  ttAUNOTI  (f'uriir^  Valonciramn). 

Hea^l  3i;  depth  tibont  3},  D.  IX,  11;  A.  Ill,  II;  scales  3-2G-i).  Itudy 
rather  elongate ;  profile  not  steep  ;  jiosterior  rantnos  rather  bdidII;  seales 
Itefore  dorsal  larv;e,  in  I  totimwH,  tiol  eroHttiri;;  nieilian  line;  HDOut  niod- 
erately  pointed;  ventral  liiis  -nrilh  the  iititer  ray»  produced,  mere  than 
Iwiee  the  length  of  the  inner.  Ilrad  olive,  shaded  will>  brown;  lirij^ht 
violet  blue  ou  the  lower  jaw;  dark  vudet  dots  ami  streak;*  behind  and 
above  eye;  »houlilcrs  dee])  yellow  olive;  behind  this  iv  Idaokisli  eross 
baml,  behind  which  the  back  and  baHe  of  the  dorsal  i»  :i  rich  niaroiia- 
crimiton;  body  below  thiH  livid  inirjdish,  shaded  with  olive;  8|iinnuH 
dorsal  idive,  with  blue  dots;  noft  rbir.Nal  bluish,  banded  with  bron/.e  and 
eilged  with  dimky;  eaiidal  Idnisb  griiy,  with  Bharply  defined  narrow 
bronze  band-t;  anal  olive  reddish,  with  xtreakH  of  criniaon,  violet,  and 
blue;  ]>ectoralK  li^lit  reddish,  tlieir  ti|>8  Iduek;  axil  violet;  TentnilH  pale; 
»  diffuse  duflky  Hpot  at  upper  Utmo  of  eaudul.  Of  thin  Kniall  HpocieH  we 
have  bnt  2  speciiuonH,  each  abiiut  M  inches  long,  from  Havana,  i'oey 
noteft  that  this  species  varies  much  in  eolur  inarkiog^.  lUi  rogardn  his 
Jitlu  riiitlitf  an  n  syDonym  of  Julin  chiclit»,  Tlie  types  of  Julini  iiainoti 
examined  by  n«  in  I'ariH  beilong  to  the  same  Npeeien.  West  Indii's; 
recorded  from  fuda,  Martiniijue,  and  St.  Croix.  {N'uoied  fur  M.  4!amot, 
a  collector  at  Martiiiiiiuo.) 

JttlU  iiiimufi,  CrviKli  <t  VAL.KNnB.\NES,  HiMl.  Nat.  PoUa..  xni.  1190.  183a,  Martinique. 

Julu  eiueUtu,  Puky,  Mcmoriax,  n,  21 1,  pi.  i:i,  tlj;.  19, 1800,  Havana. 

Jidit  nptut,  ToLY,  Meuioriaa,  11,212,  pi.  13,  l)g.2().  I8C0,  Havana. 

Vhcctojulit  rtiptu:  Vhkt,  Syimjmla,  334, 18*1*,  Havana. 

flatfigtutrui  ruplui.  Cope.  Tdiiik,  Am.  Plill.  Soc.  18Tti,  4(M. 

Jtalyijlomis  yamut!,  OI'xtheh,  Cat.,  iv,  lOi,  1802;  JonoAW,  Prw.  TT,  S5,  N«t.Mu».  18W,4*i 

JoKDAN  &  IIuuiiEB.  1.  c,  IBM,  01 :  JoKDAN,  I*roc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Miio.  1880,  S4t  (noto  on  t}-^>ea 

uf  Julit  iiartwtij. 
Oliitrojyiit  nnetui,  PuBY,  Konineratio,  108,187.%. 
UaUthirrn  (jiimuti,  JoaOAN,  Revivw  Labroid  PiMlies,  649,1880. 

3030 23 


1594         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum, 


90CM>.  IRIDIO  CYANOlXrHALrK  (Bluob). 

Head  3i;  dap tL3i.     I).  IX,  12;  A.  Ill,  12;  aralds  3-26-n.     Roily  rather 

rolniHt,  jirolilo  rutbcr  Btt-ep,  snout  iiiodpnitely  pointed,  the  4  to  fi  rows  of 
BL'alcs  before  flnraiil  Ihi  not  crtiswiiig  llir  iiifdian  line;  vnntral  Una  with  the 
(Miter  nij-w  [inidiiefMl,  more*  tliim  twie«  tjie  lengtli  of  tlio  inner.  Depp 
oli\o  jfreeii  <h)  head  and  liaek,  llie  head  Wm-r,  then  a  brii.-id  l:lt<^^al  bosd 
of  (Iwp  iuiligo  uxlendiuK  fnHu'pye  to  tip  of  cainlul,  lipliiw  this  lijjht  riear 
green,  then  a  darker  hliHHh  (freeu ;  elear  Idne  un  lower  jaw  helow  and 
I'tear  groenibh  Miio  on  lownr  part  of  cheek;  lateral  hand  hccoiniug  faint 
on  liead;  ti  dark  atreak  along  proltlu  fnm)  SDoiit  t^i  nape;  a  dark  Idnish 
hand  upward  and  liaekwjunl  from  eye  to  uape,  rather  cuuKpicuous,  nar- 
rowed jiosteriinly ;  dnrsiil  inilit;»,  edged  with  sky  hhie;  I'^iudal  greeni 
inditji)  in  renlvr,  yellowish  at  tip;  anal  indi;;o,  then  dull  oruuge,  tbeu 
aky  hlne;  v<'nt.r;tlH  green;  peelorals  plain  gvcenirtli,  indigo  nhovn.  Tho 
C'uhaii  upceies  called  inlvrntiinliji  is  not  dillVrunt  from  the  Bra/iliau  rfiiiii- 
iliiitne,  tliLv  alleged  differt'iifeH  iu  color  lieiug  dii«^  1.«  defoctfl  in  deacriptionii. 
A  Bpecinieu  h<-f-uri>  no  from  llaliia  hIiovvs  the  hand  from  eyu  to  nape  very 
dietiiirtly.  It  ih  liroiulxr  l>chiit(l  and  cdgml  with  darker  bine.  Wo  have 
also  i-xaniined  ji  smalier  sjieciuien  from  St.  I.utia.  Ileiv  descrilieil  from  2 
inalu  xpeciuiena  from  Havana,  eaeh  aliuiit  l'>  inclies  in  length.  Wetit 
Indies,  south  lu  Ura/il,  geiier»lly  eonitnou,  reaching  a  length  uf  15  IdcIiob. 
(Mvdreos,  blue;  Me^aMf,  head,) 

T,abnit  ryanofrphaliu,  B1.0CII,  lobtliyul.,  )il.2lM,  ITSl,  Mnseani  of  LinV, locality  nnknowD, 

|irubal)ly  Surinam. 
JiiliiiilitniitiaUt;  AiSA.4Hi!t,  jn  Sjiix.  PUc.  lirna.. 00,  pi.  S3, 1820,  Braril ;  CUVIER  &  \AIJIM- 

r'KKNBH,  IJixt..  SM.  ruifta.,  xia,  iVr,  IKig. 
Jutit  inl-riiaialit.  PoEY,  Mi'iiiiirin!i,  n,  421.  IflOO,  Havana. 
Jclitht/riillut  itimiilialut,  Svtainhon,  ChiHii.  Fiiili.,  oti-.,  252,  IKIISi  name  only. 
rtatijylvnis  internntali*,  OOirrHEtt.  Cat.,  :v.  IttI,  1802:  CufK.  Tniii*.  Am.  I'hiLSoc.  1870, 

41)3, 
Vhirrojuliii  inlfmatalU,  POBV,  Byn«|M>l»,  934,  1868;  1'oey,  KnujiiBratln.  108,  187S. 
I'lalvglonut  dimidiatut,  JOKDAN,  PixK.  CT.  S.  Nal.  Mn*.  18X6.  45^  JOBDAN  &.  UootUt,  I.  e^ 

IBOO.  CI. 
Hatidurni  dimidiatiu,  Jobdax,  Review  Lntiniii  Kl»bc»,  <U4,  1S90. 


SIHH.    IRIIHU   NACllLirnNA  (Miiller.v  TrDatbel). 

Head  'H;  depth  about  »*.  l>.  TX,  11;  A.  HI,  !1;  Bciles  2-2«-0,  Hody 
rather  Htout;  e;iiidal  liti  mniided  or  siihtriin^Ht'e,  the  outer  rnyn  not  pro- 
diifod,  (thurter  than  llie  iniddlc  rays;  He.-vlen  hit'om  dorsal  in  I  tn  G  rows, 
nut  croBsiiig  nieiltan  line;  onout  moderately  pointed;  ventral  liu  with  the 
outer  ray  nut  {irodiiecd,  it^  length  not  more  than  i  that  of  inner  rays. 
l;>ide  with  a  dark  lateral  hand;  8]iinon»  dorsal  with  a  ronspienou-H  blue- 
black  spot  lietwoen  tho  llfth  and  seventh  spines;  a  dark  hand  from  snout 
throueh  eye  to  o[u>rcle,  the  lutcrul  baud  on  sicle  broader  tliuu  eye  aud 
l>la(  ud  a  little  above  the  opercular  baud,  the  lateral  band  extending  nearly 
to  ti|)  of  eniida!;  no  second  ili»rk  h;iud  below  it;  a  faint  dark  wpot  under 
last  dorsal  ray  and  one  at  ba.>ie  of  pectoral  above;  2  or  'A  narrow  bluixb- 
white  stripes  .'icross  cheek  j  Jindy  aud  Un«  in  lile  with  hrit;bt  I'olors  which 
fade  ill  alcohol.     Here  described  (Vow   a  Kuiall  speeimeu  taken  at  Port 


Jordan  atid  F.vcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1696 


CastripB,  St.  Lucia.  Clnsel.v  allii'd  tc>  Iriilio  hirillatuf,  liiit  roadily  distin- 
guitthcd  l>y  the  bluck  doraal  Hpot  niiil  dtoiiter  furiii.  Wrst  Iiulii<a,  uortli 
to  Oeaiifart,  N.  C     <ma<'«J«,  Hpot;  pinna,  Un. ) 

JuUjt  miieuliinniin.  MUuAR  Jc  TmrnilXL,    In  Scliomliiirck,   lliat.  Unrlmdim,  874,   ]84B, 

Barbados. 
riatm/luimi  matulipinna,  GUntbeu,  Cut.,  IV,  1<>.'>,  1802 ;  iToubAN,  ChC.  yish.  N.  Aio-.W, 

1885;  JniuiAN  Au  IlL'iiiiKti,  I'lw.  V. S  N'at.Mu(>.  1886,82. 
Charnipiliii  riKtrullpiinta,  PiiKV,  HynupiiiB.  1139,  I8(t8. 
UaKchirrf  macuUin'nnit,  iIobdan,  Itevlow  Liibriiiil  KiAlifit,  644,  IHKi. 

SflOS.    IHIIUO   BIVITT^TI  S  (Ulocb). 
(SlII'I-KMY    lllCK;  liuKlKUJl.) 

HiiMl  SI;  dcfith  I.  K.IX.ll;  A. Ill, 12;  t<ye  (I  in  lieiid ;  snmit  noarlyS; 
scales  15-27-.S.  Bod.v  vi-iv  (^Irridnr,  rdiiiprcsHrd ;  heiid  Hiiiiill  and  |><>int«d. 
C'uudul  tin  ruitudi-d  i>r  HUl)tri>iicat<-,  tll(^  (inter  niytt  iint  jirixliii-i'il,  hIkitUt 
tliiiti  tilt;  middle  inyH;  NciileM  liRCore  diiimil  in  4  to  li  riiWK,  iint ''rufl^in^  the 
tnediaii  line,  ^>ll()1l^  luodi-ratcly  jioiiiti'd.  \'eiitntl  titm  with  the  iiiitor  rity 
not  produced,  Un  Irii^tb  not  iii«ri>  lliau  *  tbiit  of  inner  raya.  Lowi>r 
pbaryngeaU  T-ftliii)ied,  tlm  Miilerioi-  limli  vciy  shnrt.  I ietierMl  nidor  brown- 
isli;  openle  witli  n  <-<>ii!ipii-uiii)H  hl»ck  lipot;  ti  blue-Mack  )>uud  from 
RDOut  through  oyu  mid  ucross  iipcrdis  to  basi-  of  cnudiil,  not  I'xtcnding  on 
tbe  fin  ;  a  uanower  and  fiiinter  b:ind  from  lower  biiso  of  poctorul  to  iibuv<^ 
una],  tbu.so  biiudtt  ^luwin;;  faiiiier  with  u^e  uud  eometinicii  liiHiippeuriitg, 
tbf  lower  iilwnys  wniitiu^  in  tba  :idult;  lut  nxilbiry  spot;  no  diHtimt 
bandi*  nt-roiM  cbcuk;  titiB  niuHtly  psilt;,  with  lirigtit  red  itnd  biu(.<  ^.-olors 
in  life,  tbe  yoiing  niiil  those  from  dfcp-watcr  ofti;ii  oiiowing  a  bl.iok 
spot  at  biise  of  onndid,  aud  Nnun'tiniVN  ti  diiik  »<|iol  u<-:ir  niiibllu  of  dorHiil, 
with  .Hornctinn'H  :k  laiK'T  "lie)  ut  the  U;lMl^  of  ita  IumI  rjiy ;  nii;;leN  of  cjiudiil 
black  ill  (kdnlt.  In  life,  ^rcL-uiiiEi  above,  itidcs  itbadi-d  n'ith  purpir,  tlie 
l»urpli.th  rnlor  cxtnndinj;  f>i>  the  bock,  when*  it  forum  about  10  durk 
bar».  Young  witb  i\  browui!*li  liitcnil  b.aiid  ruui  a  ii-diUBb  tit.ri|ib  above 
it  itnd  bulow  it.  Many  scales  of  posterior  piirt  of  body  euch  wiiL  ii  ver- 
tic:il  H.|M>t  of  dci']i  grconiMb  bine,  Hicso  Rhi.illedt  utid  lihicf<t  on  caiidnl  pe- 
dnnclf-;  blue,  red,  and  i,rreRniHb  alludes  extend iiiK  duwiiw»rd  and  biickward 
from  pectoral ;  a  red  bund  from  eneb  eye,  tlnr.so  tuecting  on  tbe  nnpe;  each 
borderint^  before  ^ilh  blue,  behind  eoutlueut  witL  iv  lucdiua  retldiiih  ver- 
tebral Htripe  wbicli  e.vteuda  to  IVout  of  dorsal;  fiuoiit  largely  red;  frontal 
region  jrreeu;  »  red  biuxl  tbrouKb  anniit  to  od^e  of  uperde  edged  by  blue 
below,  then  yellowisb  niui  ivgiiiii  red;  lower  .jaw  with  2  or!in;je-red  iinndB, 
itn  middle  red  iu  front,  Idoe  belitud ;  tbro.'it  reddish ;  opercle  with  ii  violet 
spot  e<iged  by  greeu  and  oruiine;  beynud  this  a  <-Bhuped  violet  mark 
edged  behind  with  yellow  ;  doraul  bliiiHh  nt  buse,  then  red,  yellowiHli,  red, 
and  pale;  sometitncs,  but  not  ftlwiiys.  it  viidct  Bjiot  ut  biiai-  of  it«  luHt  ray; 
eiiiidiil  largely  red,  Avith  oblc(|Uu  bluittli  and  yellowitdt  stripes,  tbo  corners 
more  or  less  bluirib,  durkest  in  the  lutiitt;  amil  like  dorsal;  ventrals  red- 
dish; pectuntta  plain. 

The  young,  types  of  Plati/iilvsiitii  _fioreaii»,  are  ileHcribeil  an  follows; 
Head  3J;  depth  4.     D.  IX,   U;    A.  Ill,   12;  scales  H-26-ii.     I!o<ly  rather 


1596         BiiUclin  //,  United  States  National  Museum, 


"leiidt 


rut  eh 


<1; 


)t  not 


'  sharp,  31  in  li<>»<I.     K.^ 


ipr«'8iif«i 

tiiii<lrriit(>,  5  in  \waA.  r»Htorior  cuiimcs  aniull.  Doroiil  spines  rathor  low, 
stitT  mill  pnii};eiii,  lower  than  M)ft  rays;  cniHliil  tiiiiicato,  1}  in  bead; 
poi'ttii'iil  U  ill  lieatl.  Si-itlos  <in  liriMist  uuiall ;  li£>ii<l  iiaki-il.  Ci>lor:itinii  in 
lift',  (froiinil  itilor  <iliv«i  liruv\  ii ;  ii  i;itlier  iliill  iiliin-jjri'in  stripe  from  tilwivo 
stiniif  alijii;;  (sidi'H  of  li.trk  tn  till),  iiiiihvjiy  ln-twiTji  lateral  liiii'  and  ilm-sal; 
ti  lirowiiifih  tti'i'it  tilling  latcnil  liiir;  b<-](iw  this  m  iliHtiiM-t  <lark-browii 
liiiiiil  from  ^ill  opt'tiii)^  to  iiiitUIIi'  of  t'aiidnl  on  level  of  i-yi-,  niul  alioiit  um 
broA^l  aa  oyo,  einliii^  in  a  Hiuall  (tark  !<|)<>t,  nt  lia.se  of  citiitlal;  Im^Iow  this 
uriotijiT  li;iht-liiowniMh  an-iv  boimdcil  by  ii  ilaik-liroiixt*  stripe  on  level  of 
pi'ctiiral,  till'  liclly  siliriijttl.v  piile;  ciifh  H<-ale  of  «tili»  •with  n  narrow  rre»- 
<'i"iit  of  iti't'p  ^I'ceiiiMh  bliii-  Inwunljt  it,H  li;ii«e;  these  Hpots  vitv  diKtiiict, 
fxjM'eially  aiit^'i-iorly,  ^iviiiK  the  whole  ti.nh  a  liltiiHli  ea.st;  AitleH  of  hesul 
pule  oriiii<;f;  a  hri^jht  liliie  wiivy  Htreak  iilonK  prcort.itiil,  .Hitliorbit:tl,'aiid 
ofiiieli',  t-iiiiiiiiu  ftbruptly  ilovviiwnril  on  the  siilMijujrele;  ii  faint  blue 
Htreak  bchiiul  o>c;  ojienlp  with  a  ibiep  indij^o-Mack  upol  liordi-retl  }iy 
bliUNll  .'iiMlyelliiw  -  ti[i  of  operele  velliiw  ;  (lie  eolol  boiintiiMl  by  a '^-shliped 
blue  litii-;  lower  jaw  with  3  erot*  »tripi'«  of  t'iip|i(«ry  onin^i-,  the  iiitor- 
Hpiit-e**  wliite,  the  ti]i  triblJHh ;  a  Miiiiill  jet-liluek  «pot  at  base  of  hint  ray  of 
Moft  <lorH!i) ;  <liirs;il  liii  li^ht  eberry  red,  with  ii  row  of  trnnttlilfent  spots  at 

b.-iM';  a  nannw  tniii.sliieriil    i tinii    li.iiid,  the   ti|iH  triiuHliieent;  eaiidal 

tniiiHlineiit,  tinned  with  red  towaril  the  b.-ise;  iiiial  with  a  row  of  pearly 
N|>iitH,  ami  a  rherry-red  baud,  then  ii  narrow  pearly  band,  tbi'U  a  light- 
yellow  baud,  th(!ti  II  light-red  liiiiid,  tho  ti]ia  traiiflliieent ;  pectoraln  yel< 
lowiHh;  veiitniln  whit<j;  iri.-*  nearlefc.  This  npi-cibs  n'ueheM  a  Niiialler  sise 
tbati  any  otln  r  of  our  repreNeiitiitives  itf  the  genus.  It  is  al»n  by  far  the 
ntoHt  i-otoinoii  ill  iho  waters  of  Florida  uiid  Cuba,  and  its  range  ext«;tnds 
eoio^iderubly  fiirlher  riurth  (hiiu  any  of  the  otiivrs.  The>  variations  due  to 
!i|fe  and  to  eburaet<-r  of  bottniii  are  very  eousidr'riible,  having  can.sod  the 
e!4tabliHbiiii-iit  of  several  noiiiiiial  speeies.  In  th(>  description  altove 
i|iiot4'd  l>y  Frofes^orti  Jordan  and  (iillxirtof  speeimens  from  Charleston, 
Pensai-olti,  and  Ki'y  AVeMt,  tbe«e  viirintioiis  have  been  xiiflieiently  indi- 
cated, "nr  Cuban  KpciiineiiK  (from  coral  tfauil)  are  much  paler  in  color 
than  tboae  farthri  iioitli.  The  dark  markiiiKs.  however,  remain  similar. 
Ill  old  exaiiipleii  the  dark  lateral  bandA  fade,  Hometiiiies  beeoniin;;  more  or 
b'KH  liruki'ii;  tlieeomers  of  the  caudal  beconie  dark,  and  thero  is  iiKUallv 
a  dark  8p<)t  at  ba-M-  of  last  doi>al  ra\ .  I  >eeper  water  esauiples  are  qnitj- 
pale  or  ri-il  with  ilistinct  luugitiulinal  stripes,  and  the  spot  at  base  of  cau- 
dal and  at  baxe  of  laxt  dorsal  ray  distinct.  Len);th  6  inches.  West  IndiuH, 
north  to  Cbarh-Aton  ami  Ueanfort,  Xorth  Ciirolina,  sonthtoBraxil;  excess- 
ively abundant  nlonK  rocky  or  weedy  shoreH  aii<l  r^'cfs,  cowniouly  taken 
with  hook  and  line  by  boys,     (hivittatut,  tw<.)- banded). 

Uparui  radiahM.  hSKHxn,  Syot.  Nst..  Ed.  xil,  172,  1700,  Coralina;  iMsod  oo  ■  «p«<'liDPii 
front  CluirleatoD,  wnt  liy  Dr.  Onrilrn;  not  Labrva  radiahu  I..,  B>1.  x. 

Lmbnu  MviModu,  Bux-n,  Iclith..  |>L  284.  tig.  1. 1792,  from  •  iwinl  iiig  li;  Pbimler,  niailo  at 
MMtioique. 

Lmbnu pfittacitluf,  LACArtoB,  UUU Nat. PoiM-.tu, $23,1800,  Martinique;  tnm  •  c«pjr  of 

Fl.l'HIEB  H  |Ulitltin|C. 

Juli*  humeralit.  I'uKV,  Momorlju.  II,  112,  IWO,  Havana ;  adulL 


jOfkmrojuli*  ffrnnditquamu,  litix,  I'roo.  Ac.  Nat  Sri.  Pbila.  IMS,  200,  Beaufort,  N.  C; 

•dulu,  chii  i'<)lor  faint. 
ECJWvn^u'i'  arongiii,  I'oKT,  Enuin><nitJo,  100, 187fi,  Havana ;  yotiDEi  briju blly  coliinHl. 
Pfa<yf;Ju»«i«  A"""'.  JoKUAX  *.  UtuiBUT,  I'roc.  V.  .S.  Nrtl.  Miiii.  18IC, 'Ji»7,  Pcniacpla; 

j^iing,  bri^ilitly  itolortMl.  (Type,  Ko.3U839.  Cull.  Dr.  Jordan.) 
Julii  prillaciiUn,  Ci'viER  *  VALKM-iWiNgs,  nut.  Sat.  PiiIm..  .xm.  3a7. 18SD. 
Ftatyglotrnt  birUlatu;  (iPXTnEB.  4;al.,  IV,  164.  IH82:  STBIXDACIINKU.  Jrlilli.  NiilU.,  VI,  40, 
liWT:  OOPR,  Tratia.  Am.  Phil.  S<h>.  1870,  493^  JoitPAN,  l>rao.  (J.S.Nat.  Mu*.  1804,1.10: 
Bbah  &.i)HB.seL,  PrcM-.  r,  S.  Nat,  Mu»  HUM,  15.'!;  JoaOAN,  Cat.  Fiab.  N.  Am.,  Bti,  IMSfii 
JoHDAN,  Prut'.  I '.  .S.  Nat.  Man  1886. 45:  JoKUAIf,  I'nx!.  V.  S.  Kal.  Mas.  1880, 540  (uute  on 
types  atJulU  piiUaculut,  Ct'viEK  !c  Valknciehxhsi, 

^jUitnii  humrralit,  (ifXTHEH.  I'at..  IV,  165,  1882:  JOBCAN  »c  OlLSKRT,  SynotiaU  003 
Vhmviulu  birittaliu,  I>i>ET,  .><yiiop«iH,  335, 1il68. 
Chttnijulit  huiHrralU,  Posy,  Synopsiii,  3ns,  1888;  Goodk  &  nEAN,  Pruc.  U.  8.  Nat.  Una. 

1879.338. 

ItalyittoUiu  radimu;  Jordah  &  U lUiUlT,  Proo.  U.  &  Nat.  Hua.  1883. Otid. 
fJHjJlf/4jloMtVMiiraudiMiiuatint,J»ai>Ji:i  &  (iiuiEkT,  SynupHlH,  HOU,  1883. 
laUahverts  bioiltatu;  JoHUAW,  Review  Labrtiid  Fii)Jit<a, 045, 1800. 

iOOS.  IRIDIO  DISPIM'H  (Gunthor). 

He.trt  3|;  clrpth  3»,  I).  IX,  11;  A.  HI,  12;  s.nlcii  2-28-9.  Ciuxlal  fin 
doulilo  roriciivc,  the  iiHMliaii  portioti  convi-x,  tlir  outtT  riiyB  more  or  k-oo 
proiliiri'd  in  tlit<  adult  (tliu  tin  ruirniti-d  in  tliivyoiitig') ;  hcmIi'M  bt't'orc  ilorsul 
ill  G  uf  7  row.s,  not  vrosaiiig  Llic  luciliiui  Hue;  vciitMils  with  tlio  outi-r  my 
littU-  |irin!iie<-il,  not  roiii'liiii;i  iM-sirly  tu  tips  of  jxTtorala ;  bmly  ivithtir 
Htoiit;  protiht  sti-i-p;  untmt  moili-rMti'ly  poiiittMl.  (.'"lor  in  Mpiiit.s,  «ilivp, 
lilu<<  apotx  on  tUi-  Bral4>«  jmsttriorly,  vvliiti.tb  spots  smterinily ;  around 
bliic-bliii'k  Hpot  an  liitvnil  lim^  ))i')ow  t'oiirtli  jitnl  lifth  iloraal  spiin-.n,  tbii 
spot  larger  than  I'yf ;  no  Mpot  bfliiiul  eye  (in  tbr  ailtilt);  I  or  .'i  piilr-bliM) 
wavy  liiit'S  on  side  of  hfiid,  tbi'  lower  broiident ;  :i  palc*-yi'llmviNb  areii 
t>«liin<l  piM'toral  witli  linri/oiititl  blur  Htn-aks;  no  Ji.\illjiry  ftpot;  tloraiil 
and  annl  iMuli  with  ii  Idowh  longitnilinal  stripo;  ciunliil  (in  niiitr)  bl«rk- 
isb  iiii'Hiully,  with  liliir  Htrr;ikH;  a  whiti'  Htvipi'  abmg  I'sich  ouUm'  ray. 
Paril))'  ooant  nf  tropical  Ami'ricn ;  Miizatlaii  to  I'ananin.  A  beitntifnl 
littlf  Hall,  abundant  in  tb<'  brancbi-Hor  tin-  AatilliTo  :it  Ma/.titlan.  I'nliki' 
numt  Hpi'cieH  of  tlio  group,  it  livi>8  on  the  nnuldy  bottoiim,  and  i»  abundant 
uboiit  the  roots  of  tln^  iiiitngrovi-,  ivhii'li  bordiT  the  nniddy  bniuibi-ti  of  tL<' 
AotilliM'O,  Here  d<-Mcrilicil  ftoin  a  spcinnn-n  from  I'anania,  agn'cing  lairly 
with  Dr.  (iiinthfr'a  dcHiriiittoii. 

The  follow ing  ai'cnnnt  is  taken  from  Ma/atliin  Hpciinn-ns,  wliii-L  diflrr 
Honiowliat  ill  tolnr:  (bad  3^;  (icptb  I.  U.  IX.  11;  A.  III.  11!;  i^y**  ti  iti 
bead;  snout  'H;  maxillary  1^;  ]i<M'toi-al  !](;  anal  3;  r:iudal  fin  2.  Ito^ly 
sli'iidciund  eonipnsHed  ;  dorsal  and  vcMitr:il  oiitlin(;M  .si  mi  la  r;  lii>ad  |ioiiitc«l, 
th<<  prolilc  Hiightly  coiivi'x;  nioitth  Mtiiall,  thi- jaws  i'i|iial ;  tei>th  In  a  oiiigli^ 
row;  L'anini>8  ;  in  front  of  javvaf  at  tln>  poHti'rior  I'ltd  of  tin*  pri'inaxillary 
IS  a  Hinglr  strong,  shaqi  tooth,  pointing  forward,  and  riitii-cly  below  the 
aiigl«!  of  tilt!  iiioiith.  Latt-ral  lini'  high,  following  the  curve  of  tbi>  back 
to  the  eigbtb  dorsal  ray,  wbiTi-  it  curvis  sharply  down  tliiiviigh  :;  rows  of 
Bcalea,  and  Ihuii  niua  atraight  throtigb  middle  of  caudal  jii.-dnntdi'  to  tail; 
porea  of  lateral  line  8iiu])lis  seali-s  large,  2-27-10;  head  (■^nlindy  iiakwl; 
gill  rakcra  very  aiiiall  and  pointed,  (>+7.  Dorsal  MpineH  Hb-ntti't  hut  piiii- 
geut;  caad.ll  sHglitly  rniiuilfd,  tbc  ii)ipcr  angle  slightly  avtitr ;  veiitralfl 


1598  Bidlclin  ^y,  United  Stales  National  Museum, 


nhort.  not  HliiineiitouH ;  Hoah^a  ll(^f(lrl'  dorsul  in  alioitt  (>  rows,  not  oovering 
inidtllc  liiir.  t'olur  in  life,  olive  grefii ;  ft  Itrifflitlduo  Hti-eak,  nurrow  and 
aoiucvvliat  iiitomiptfiil,  froiu  eye  to  base  ol'oaudal;  m  broader  dnrk-brouxe 
atrc;kk  jiLst  belovN  it,  (-Duttiiniiig  a  Hcrics  of  aiuall  dark  xputA,  luustly 
arranged  in  tlin^eH,  tb*i  l^ist  mu^  darkrst,  at  basie  (if  cniulul,  just  nbovo 
tniddki  lirir,  tlieee  all  obsolete  in  adult;  below  thu  bronze  band,  ii  faint 
blue  Rtreak,  then  a  broad  brown  oni\  tlien  a  short  one;  brigbt  sky  blue 
boitivdJu^  tlio  btilly,  r)id1ii>;  uvi-r  niidillc  uf  utial;  belly  aud  throat  pvarly 
whitu;  litad  cherry  red  aud  brouzi>  anteriorly,  becoiuinn  fdivo  bebiud, 
inotth'd  wilti  blue;  a  dark  bluv-cd)^'tid  8}iot  Keliiod  oyi-;  a  larj^i'  lducki<|iot 
Bniallcr  than  eyo  luslow  fiflli  dorHal  H{»iiie,  this  nj)ot  creHctsnt-sbaped,  bor- 
dered with  yellow  behind,  mostly  on  I  Hi'alo;  a  f;oldeu  crescent  at  basr 
of  purtoraj;  dorsal  bright  oraiij;*',  bluieh  below;  caud»l  rherry  rwl ;  anal 
bright  onui;;o;  do  spots  en  (ins;  iris  red.  Larijor  individnalB  durper  in 
folor,  the  hoftd  cherry  red,  a  dark  spot  bordered  ■with  bliio  behind  eye; 
pectoral  not  black.  In  nlcoholio  sperimeua  pearly  elroaks  appear  ou  sidea 
of  head  aad  behind  pectoral.     (d(;,  two;  tinikoi,  8i>ot.) 

rialyylunui  liityilM-i,  GCmther,  Proo.  Zool.  Soc.  Loudon  1864, 25.  Panama :  GI'NTinnt.  Fiah. 
Cent.  Am.,  *il.  1809:  Jomoan  &■  GII.BKKT,  Itnll.  V.  .S.  Fish  Comin.  1883,  lUH.  Jordan, 
CBtFUh.N.  Ain.,»9,I(»5i  Joriian  *  HlimKft,Pn>c.U.S.  Nat.Muii.  J8M,84. 

Jlalirhii-TfM  iliwjnlut,  .riiKRAN,  Review  LnltruW  Fiahci).  6<«,  18t0:  JoBD&H,  Fialiea  of 
SlDuloa,  In  I'ruc.  C:il.  Ac.  Scl.  IHDS,  4«1,  pi.  ii. 

»mi.  imillO  KIRSCini,  Jordan  it  Evcnnnnn,  now  apeciM. 

Head  31;  depth  HJ  to  1.  l>.  IX,  11;  A.  Ill,  12;  acalea  l'-28-10;  snout. 
2}  in  b(>nd  measured  alon)<  (hv  nxi.<!;  eye  IJ  in  annirt;  pectoral  shortiab, 
IJ  in  head.  Body  rather  elongate,  bnt  deeper  than  in  /.  fa»dali»,  thi> 
Hnoat  lees  acute;  vcutraLi  with  the  miter  rays  Hearcely  lilamcnton.s,  about 
leaching  tips  of  peetoralsir.  Tiibc^^  of  poruii  of  lateral  line  diatiiictly 
branched,  titu  hruncboa  usually  .i  in  number;  body  modem lely  Hlouder,  the 
depth  a  iittUi  less  than  Ii-ngtli  of  head,  snout  uot  very  sharp,  tbo  anterior 
lirolilo  of  bead  etnep  and  eligbtly  convex,  t'ldor  in  spirits,  olivaceona, 
with  trarea  of  'A  darker  croNA  baudti  with  pale  interfipat.'ea  an<l  some  tracea 
of  blue  spota  on  arale^;  dark-blue  apot  behind  eye  large,  with  a  diatiuct 
golden  H])ot  above  it,  very  di.stinel  in  2  Bpveiniens,  obsolete  in  a  larger 
one;  a  UUie  streak  before  ••ye;  a  round  black  iuky  apot  at  biiso  «if  laat  ray 
of  doraal;  liiiH  all  pale  in  spirits,  the  anal  edged  with  bluiab:  a  bhiiali 
crosa  bar  un  base  of  peutorul.  Length  about  a  foot.  Wnat  Indiea,  south 
toBahia;  recorded  from  Cuba,  ,Iainaiea,  Itahia,  and  St.  Croix,  of  thia 
apeciea  we  have  examined  tho  apeciniena  called  ./iida  crolaphnu  hy  Valcn- 
eiennes,  and  Ilspeeiineus  taken  by  the  Albatro$»  at  itabia,  the  latter  apeci- 
meus  (No,  iXlO;!:,  U.  S.  N.  Jl.)  being  types  of  the  present  deMcription. 
(Named  for  Dr.  Philip  II.  Kirsch,  Oah  tomntissioner  of  Indiana,  in  recog- 
nition of  hiw  work  on  American  lishPM.j 

JuU*  erulaphiii,  );i!ViKit  .t  \' Ai.t..s<;iKrfWlw.  Iliitl.  Nnt.  I'oiM.,  xni.  305.  tali.  395. 1839.  Bahia 
not  (if  Cl'ViBK,  who  hafleil  tlm  f4|M>rlim  uhully  on  rnrni'H  lPti$tcrita,  Iridio  radiiilun. 

I'Uitftj/luttHn  erolaphtu,  UDntukh,  Cat.,  iv.  1S3,  1802,  CoPB,  Tnuia.  Am.  I'bll.  See.  1870, 
iSl. 

Chu-rujulit  crotaphm,  roKV,  Knnni<'rati»,  lOH,  1875. 

ilalicha:riii iiorifi,  JuUiian,  IJcvlew  Lahnilii  Ki«hi«,  040,  imKt;  not  of  SritlxnACIWKIl. 

Iridio  kirtchii.  JORDAM  Ic  EVBHUA.t!f,  Cbock-Liitl  Fiabs!).  413,  1806,  Bahia;  name  only. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1699 


f 


■.'(HI.'..    IKlIlli)  i't»i:ri  (SleiiHlachner). 

H«»d  %\\  depth  \\\\.  I).  IX.  11;  A.  Ill,  12;  8c«lea  2-2}<-lli:  xye  small, 
64  iu  bead  iucliidiiijii;  thr  oporctilnr  tla|i;  snout  sluntler,  nearly  3  tiines 
(liameter  of  eye:  tiiliea  i»f  Literal  line  not  deHcrilicd,  pcrliaps  a.H  in  Irldio 
kir>ekii.  Lower  half  of  iKxly  violet  re«l,  the  upper  reddish  brown;  «'ttolj 
KCalo  aliovu  with  a  durp-bliii''  Hjiot;  ii  idear  bhu>  liaii^l  dowDwnnl  and  buck- 
ward  from  tlio  diirk  pntilorliital  Hpot;  u  second  from  corinsr  of  iiioiitb; 
u  blkie  cretti-eutoii  liuau  of  p<>ctoni]  whii'h  widens  into  abliinaxillarj'' apot; 
i-fttidul  i^reonitdt  with  coiivorjjonf  Htreaks  of  yellow,  edged  with  violet. 
Siirinaiii  (Steindacbncr);  nut  swn  by  iis;  evidently  dose  to  Iridiu  Uvi-hii, 
but  the  eye  uppareutly  siiiitUer,  the  color  litfTereut.  (Named  for  I*rof. 
Felipe  I'oey.) 

/"(lUir^nuj /MMy(,  Stuxdaciuikii,  lulitb.  Xc>tiz«u,  vi,  49,  IIW7,  Surinam. 

SOOe.  IHIUIO  CAUDAMN  (Posy). 

Head  about  ;U;  depth  -IJ  with  caudal,  H*  without;  eye  6  iu  bead,  li  in 
auout;  oaiuldl  rmiudcd  medially,  codcuvu  toward  ita  puiuta,  the  ii|iper  lubu 
longer  than  lower;  tulien  of  laterul  lint'  not  dt'ncribad.  Color  olive  jjreen 
above,  sky  blue  helow ;  an  olive  siint  siirronnded  by  clear  green  on  eacb 
scale;  pti8Bagi<  from  sidea  to  belly  made  insensibly  by  a  yellow  baud;  body 
becoming  palt-r  ttiwurd  the  tail;  head  with  blue  Btr<iaks,  vvbirb  extend 
on  throat  and  hnnf  of  |u'ctoriil»,  a  jjrei'ii  nputedt'eil  with  dark  blin'  bt<bind 
(sye,  2  aeries  of  round  spots  of  cobalt  bliio,  from  caudal  toward  middle 
of  trunk,  whero  they  disa]>pear;  blue  ou  rays  of  uiiiulul;  dorn.'il  and  nual 
bright  rose,  cro.iaed  by  2  blue  streaks.  foruiL<d  by  series  of  ltlul^  jioiuts 
on  dorsal,  which  hiis  ;tl»o  »  bhii.'.  streak  ou  ita  front;  ventral*  rosy  ;  jiectorals 
washed  with  blue;  iris  vermilion,  with  yellow.  Len;;tb  1W>  iiini.  Ctiba. 
(Poey);  not  seen  by  ns;  possibly  the  female  of  Iridio  pk-lu»,  but  probably 
a  diatinct  species.     (eaudalU,  from  the  form  of  the  cnudal. ) 

Jiitu  caiuialiii.  Poky.  Mnmnrins,  u,  213,  1««0,  Havana. 
Plulvi/U>t>ui eauUaU,  (illNTUKft,  Cat.,  iv,  106,  18112. 


nm.  iKiniu  ri4TVii  (Poej). 


Head  3V,  depth  il  fi.  IX,  H  ;  A.  UI.  12;  scales  2-28-10.  Tnbea  of  pores 
of  lateral  line  all  siiiipl©  or  very  nearly  so,  not  trilid;  bod.v  very  slender, 
the  depth  lei<s  than  leu^th  of  head;  snout  very  sharp;  the  anterior  profile 
of  head  straightish  and  not  steep;  snout  2t  in  ho:id;  i-yt;  li  in  snout;  peo- 
Ujral  moderate,  1^  in  bead.  Color  in  sspirits,  pale,  unmarked,  except  for 
the  BmuU  black  sjiot  behind  eye;  in  life,  olivaceous;  s>  row  of  round  sky- 
Idne  spots  along  eai-h  wide  "f  Iiack ;  ji  broad  band-like  area  of  orange 
ujiiigled  with  violL't  Hpots  alouf;  sides  barkwanl  from  bead  to  niidillo  of 
body,  tho  lower  rd;;e  of  this  band  serrate;  below  tlii«  a  jiale  violet  Uaiul, 
darker  behind;  still  lower  a  yellow  stripe;  head  olivacrnus,  marked  with 
bloo;  proorbitai  scarlet,  with  3  violet  stripes;  opercles  bright  red,  with 
3  violet  atripee,  the  postocular  black  spot  iu  the  uppermost;  dorsal  and 


IGOO  Bulletin  47,  Utiiled  Staics  National  Museum. 


anitl  orauffu  and  yellow,  with  bluu  8]>ota;  cuiidal  with  convergent  bands 
of  (>rttDg«  furining  reticiilutiooH  :irouud  blue  spots. 

Aiiiitlicr  Rpeciirifin  is  ilencribed  iin  follows: 

Head  Hi;  (kjith  IJ.  H.  IX,  11;  A.  Ill,  12;  scales  2-25-fi.  Body  very 
slender,  coinpresscd,  tho  euout  rutLer  pointed,  'i^  in  bend;  (\v«  moderate, 
5^  iti  head.  I'osterinr  Ciitiine  Isirge.  Doranl  spiiies  low,  riitber  slender, 
but  pungent,  lower  th.ni  tli«  sctl't  rays;  candal  fin  ronvex,  its  2  oiiter- 
ntost.  rays  soiuowbat  proiliired;  ppitoral  \'%  in  length  of  bend:  srnles  on 
breast  sninll;  Uoud  uiiki'd.  (.'olor,  when  fTi»»b,  olivaceous  ubove;  a  row  of 
rotnid  Hlsr-bliii*  spotH  jilong  ea<'b  side  of  lt:ick  ;  a  brutid  bund-like  iirea  of 
orange  iutermingU'd  with  violet  wputa  iilong  Hide.'i  frnni  lateral  line  aboat 
to  level  of  eye,  extending  baekwanl  rvbout  to  middle  of  body,  the  lower 
edge  of  the  oiange  band  KoiTuto;  below  the  orange  a  band  pale  violet, 
becoming  posteriorly  deep  violet;  still  lower  on  level  of  lower  edge  of 
pi>rtor;il  ;i  deep  yellow  bund  nboiit  (w  wide  sis  it  scale,  growing  narrower 
and  fainter  bclilud;  belly  pearly;  bead  above  olivsiceons,  marked  with 
blue;  preorbitJi!  and  Huliorbitii]  region  acarlet,  wilb  3  violet-bliie  ."itripes, 
tbest?  injtigiiied  with  cherry  rod;  elieeks  below  lowciit  violet  stripe 
translticeiit  yelliiwisb:  operclen  l>rigbt  re<l,  with  about  3  oldligiie  violet 
stripes,  the  np[ior  fiirming  ati  oblifjue  blotch  behind  eye,  in  the  unddle  of 
which  is  11  roniid  bljkck  ink-liko  spot;  n«  diirk  opercular  spot;  chin  pearly; 
iris  rod;  dorsal  light  orange,  the  soft  part  with  3  rows  of  violet  spots; 
caiidul  nrange.  with  4  mw.-t  of  spots,  the  oraogo  arranged  in  1  lougitudinul, 
2  tnarginal,  iviid  2  convergent  orange  bands,  wliieb  are  eonneeted  by  reticu- 
lations around  blue  NpotM;  anul  with  .1  liaMal  orange  spot  on  each  inein- 
lirano,  then  a  blue  Sfiot.  then  a  broa<l  yellow  baml,  then  a  narrow  bine 
band,  and  a  terniiniil  baud  of  ortinge;  veiitrals  light  reil;  pect'Orals  pule 
vioh't,  yellow  at  base,  &  bluish  obli«|UV  band  below  thotii;  blue  spots  of 
bead  ami  ])0><terii)r  parts  clear,  sky  blue;  elsewhere  of  a  violet  shade  and 
less  bright. 

West  Indies,  north  to  tho  Snapper  ISanks,  off  I'ensacola. 

This  species  is  known  to  ns  from  :i  uand)er  of  Hpecimens,  all  taken  from 
stoniaehx  of  (Jroiipera  and  Snappers  on  the  Snapper  Itanks,  between  Pen- 
sacola  anrl  '["amim.  \\'e  identify  our  .Hpcinicns  with  the  piclug  of  I'oey, 
altliongh  while  agreeing  iu  the  coloration  of  tiie  head  and  in  the  form  of 
the  tail,  they  differ  iu  some  iletailH.  In  iiietuK,  according  to  i'oey.  tho  body 
is  more  slemb-r,  the  depth  'li  in  total  Icjigtli.  the  eye  2  dianiet«rii  from  the 
cornf.r  of  the  nioiith.  Color  blue  above;  in  front  of  middle  of  body  the 
sides  blood  red,  darker  on  the  bead  :  behind  the  niidiUe  the  body  is  olive 
^rroen;  blue  bauds  on  the  head;  hc.'i1o.><  each  wilh  a  blniNh  crescent;  caudal 
with  3  orange  bands  which  converge  behind;  dorsal  and  anal  orange,  the 
latter  with  2  Idno  lines.  It  in  probablL',  however,  that ./«?i«  j/iV'ii»  i«  iden- 
tical with  orir  sjiecimens,  and  pr'rhaps  raudaUs  is  the  female  of  the  same, 
lacking  the  ie<l  shades  on  anterior  half  of  body,     (pirtvn,  painted.) 

Jiilii  pietut.  Poet,  MemoriaH.  n.  214, 1801.  Havana. 

I'latyglounu  pietiu.  ( ;  T  NTllEii,  I  •ftt . ,  i  v,  I M,  1 8li2. 

Platyghuui  caudalif,  JoRnAif  .v  Gii.iikiit.  I'roc.  r.  S.  KaL  Mdb.  1882, 2811 ;  Joroak,  L  c,  1884, 

;i7;  .TOBDAX  A  1! luiiKS.  I. e.,  ISSfl,  (U  ;  iiol  of  Toitr, 
f/dUiAtrrri  caiicWur,  Juimui.  Itovicw  Latiniiil  Kl»he«.04T,  IBBO;  pnilwlil.v  nut  nf  Posv. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1601 

636.  OXYJULIS,  Gill. 
(8KS0BITA8.) 

^.TfUX,  Prnc.  At'.  NutScl.  PhllB.  I»i63,33(>  (ma^ttitut) . 

Uo<ly  very  Mleuder;  the  hdoiiI  Hliat-i>;  latiiiKsa  sntall,  2  above,  4  )i«low; 
po8t4?ri(>r  caiiiiu)  hiiiiiII,  nr  repreneiitiHl  l>.v  »  Hiiglit  nidimeiit.  Mortal  K])iii«H 
vory  sleiidt^ruiiil  llrxiUlo,  ih)t  atl  ))itii>;ent.  IIiiN  cliiiriictEvritiiiti(i>;iiiHbiiig  thu 
KimiiH  from  Jiilidio.  Otio  HjieHoN,  run(;inK  fartbor  northwdrd  than  ;iiiy  other 
n(  the  JulidiHir.     (I'^i'i,  nharp  ;  Jiilii.) 

SOON,  oxrjt'i.is  4  AUKORMrrs  (Ganttier). 

(SiSimiTA.) 

Head  l;  depth  li.  ]).  IX.  IM;  A.  III.  IH;  (tcales  L>8.  Body  very  slender, 
atroiiKly  <^oinpr<-sa<-d ;  tlie  head  slender,  with  rtb:tr))  anoiit ;  auont  'i  in  lie»d ; 
eye  5;  .interior  cauinefl  Biiinll,  'i,  tlip  iipjter  lar;;cr  iind  divergent;  ]>o8teriur 
oAnino  extremely  we;ik  or  wnntinp,  nirely  jiresent  on  both  aides;  BcalcH 
before  dorwil  luiich  redmed,  in  10  or  12  rows,  tliiiae  on  lireaet  eimsidernbly 
siuuller  tLitii  tlioM^  on  Hides;  doraal  K|iiueH  nleuder  aud  llexilde,  not  at  all 
pungent;  ••aiiiliil  truneat*;;  veDtrals  «hort,  the  Itmtray  uot  twice  th«>  leiij^tli 
of  the  inner  ray.  Color  olivo  Itrowii;  centers  of  scales  orauge  brown; 
belly  cream  color;  sideti  of  bead  with  altoniate  st-reaks  of  brown  and 
blnisb;  a  large  inky  Kluc-black  blotch  at  baae  of  eainhil,  covering  It  of  lin; 
membrane  of  b:iHo  of  npinoiis  rLorflal  largely  indigo  )>Iiiq;  Iiiih  otherwise 
pale;  lower  pharyngeals  essentially  an  in  IriiJio,  tlio  large  teeth  more  acute. 
Length  7  inches.  Const  of  soiitbeni  California;  common  alimit  rorks  and 
kelp  from  Monterey  to  (jiiadiilupe  Inland;  one  itpeuiTiien  taken  at  Sauaalito, 
Sui  I'Vuucisco  Bay.  A  pretty  little  fish,  (lomnion  iu  the  kelp  and  among 
rooks. 

Julit  rHodflHt,  antxta>,  Proo.  Ao.  Nat.  8«i.  Plilla.,  vn,  1854. 1  j1,  Saa  Diego,  Monterey,  San 
Miiuel:  OlBAKU,  U  S.  rue.  R.  R.Snr.,Fi»h.,  1«3.  m58;  GlU,  PriM!.  Ae.  Nal.  St  i.  Phlla. 
I><e2.  U2  .  not  Jiitin  moiUtItu,  IlI.KKKKU. 

Halirhirrn  eali/ornuin.  Ur^TTHER.  Ann.  Ma);.  Nat.  Hiat.,  iier.3.  VuL  till.  1801, :IM,  uaniv. 
nnly.  oiibiilitute  torJul\$  inodntwt,  \>xvwt:\\\i\ci\. 

J'fudojtdit  moJrttus,  UI^ktuer,  (^ut..  ir.  168,  [ttfi'i;  JnitDAN  Al  GnjiKBT,  Prtic.  U.  ri.  Nat. 
Miu.  1880,  tS5:  J<iKIiax  .v  Giuiein,  I'rmf.  V.  S.  Nnt.  .Miin  I8HI,  10;  .Tobuan  A-  GiuiKHT, 
Pn>c.  V.  .S.  Nat.  Ma». liHil,225i  JouiiAX  &  GluiKHT,  SynniiaU.  OOl.  16Ki;  .Iobuan,  Cal. 
linh.  N.A.,9e,  llfW5 

Ozf)ulit  iHudfltu.  Gll.i..  Prne.  Ac.  Nat  Hci.  Phila.  1883, 331. 

IhiyjulU  eat\fnmii;vs,  J tiuii AN  k  Mi'ollKii,  Pro*',  t.'  S.  Nat.  Mua.  ISM,  66. 

ftruitu/utii  ealyfomicuM,  .Tokuam,  Kti<  lew  Labroid  FtBlioa,  OSO,  11190. 


637.  EMMEEKIA,  Jordan  A  Evennann. 
Emm4fkia,JoKtHLli  k  Kwsmak.s,  ChiHik  LIhI,  41:(,  IKM  (rcntuIrM). 

This  genns  iliffers  from  I'liriidojiiti*  only  iu  the  presonee  of  4  (^anines  in 
front  of  each  jaw  insieail  of  'J:  posterior  cnniiiu  wanting  or  represented 
by  a  slight  rndiineut;    dorsnl   sjiines  aleudor,   but  nomowhat   pungent. 


1602  Bulletin  ^7.  Uuited  Stales  National  Museum. 

(Named  for  L>r,  Seth  Uiiucne  Meek,*  iMsistnnt  ourator  of  zoology  in  the 
Field  Colninliiiui  Mn:<cmii.  Cliicdffo,  in  recoguiticm  of  bis  work  011  Ameri- 
crui  lisbra.) 

£t»Oa.  KXMKKKIt   rK?ri'>iTA  (.renkioH  4:  EvermuD), 

HeadSi:  depth  S* ;  eye  5  in  head.  li.  IX,  11;  A.  Ill,  11;  scales  3-27-8. 
Body  rutbcr  eliiuder  aud  oomprrsHcd,  ita  depth  less  thuu  len^Ui  nf  bead; 
priilikt  »U«v4i  eye  iicurly  Htraiirlit:  head  Jud);  and  sh-ndur;  suuiit  l>>ng;  eye 
Miiiull;  raiicial  Biititriini'ate;  ventml  wliort,  it.s  outer  ray  n"t  producwl,  not 
reauhiuK  tu  tipH  «)f  ppctornls;  postrriiir  I'auiiie  very  weak  or  wanting, 
riiridy  )ir(>st>nt  ou  hath  Bidots;  gealcM  before  dorsal  small,  iu  10  nr  12  series; 
Heal(«on  hreiiHt  miiihII:  cauiiiCH  slcuder,  }.  Color  creamy  iiran};e,  the  hack 
darker;  niauy  of  the  scales  of  hack  and  upper  part  of  siiles  each  \ritb  a 
vertically  nhh>iig  dwrk-lirnwii  spot:  uui-  of  these  at  upper  part  of  base  of 
candii]  more  distinct  than  tln<  otbcrs ;  a  imrrnw  dark  bar  across  base  of  pec- 
tiirul;  a  ht>rizoutal  dusky  streak  tlimuj^'h  eye  aud  snout;  fiua  plaiu,  pale; 
male  with  a  vertiral  bhie-lilark  bar  behind  pectoralH,  niueh  as  in  Iridio 
iirmUHnvtus.  Gulf  of  (^alit'oruia;  rather  coaimnn.  Length  6  iiichoa.  A 
pretty  little  fish,  known  Ui  us  from  uuiiieroiis  Hpeciinens  collected  »t 
(•n.'iyinuA  hy  .li-nkiuH  A-  Kveruiaiiu,  and  alHo  from  spei'iniunw  taken  in  the 
(Jnlf  of  (^alifiiruia  hy  Dr.  Gilliert.     {reiniJ<tu»,  pretty;  from  Venus.) 

Fteudojvlit  vrniutui,  JbLVKlN?  &  EvKUMAifN,  Proc.  U.  8.  Nat.  >toa.  \8S8,  US,  Quaymas 
(Typo,  No.  390^1.  Cnll.  ilrnklnH  &  Eveniiaun);  JoKUAX.  Itorixw  Labroid  FUb«8,  lUt, 
18M;  EvaaiUNS  A  .IKNKINS,  PnR.  IT.S.  Nut.  Mii«.18»l,  100,  |il.2,ng.5. 

638.  JULIDIO,  Jordan  A'  Evermaun. 

/MlUfo.  JoauAM  ic  KvaHMAN.\  Cbc<ck-Lfat,41.t.  ISM  (atlHSluM). 

This  K'-'nus  aRroes  with  Iridio  in  all  respoets  exeejit  that  the  posterior 
I'Uiiine  is  whidly  waDtitiK.     Body  reliust;  anont  puiiited;  scales  before  dor- 
sal lar^e.     Canines^;   dorsal  spines  piiiigaot.     Caudal  rounded.     SiHtcies 
Auieriean.     (From  Julit,  /oi'Atf,  11  chiaaical  uaiiio  of  related  tupecies,  from 
toy,  vi<det. ) 

a.  D«pt)i2^i  heiiilS;  -rentraU  mlhtrlcmi;,  rvarhing  nearly  tu  vont;  Ihi' inner  rays  1]  in 

theoiitiT:  rtralefl  2-37-8.    I'ulor  )>ruwi),  rlurker  at  Iiiuuw  arsrulei:  poctnrsla  palei 

oilier  tins  lilsck:  Hufl  domal.  nunl,  and  rniKlal  with  wlitto  ranrgiiiN.  liruadiAat  ai 

1i)j  nr  caudal:  aoiontiiiieii  jsalu  wavy  Itues  on  brad.  A  OCSTTS.  3fl|0. 

•<i.  Ui^ptli  3) ;  bead  3} :  vrntrala  Kliurt,  tbe  outer  ray  not  nearly  twic«  inner ;  acalek  2-2i>-8. 

C'oliir  olive;  yoiini;  witb  a  iiilr«ry  lateral  streak:  bai-k  with  4  «r  5  indiHtiuct 

Iiroad  dark  cruis  bandii,  thc«e  furmloK  blulchra  on  tbe  durxal  Gn,  i>ne  uf  thvae 

on  tbe  rirHt  3  aoFt  my*  larj^Ht  and  <)nit«  black ;  angle*  nl  caudal  pale;  Tentrala 

wbittah,  wilb  n  bruad  bljkQk  uiit«r  marglu.  HOTOflPnXIS,9ini. 


SOIO.  JIMDIO  AUlTKTi;.S  (Gilbert). 

HeadSi;  depth^t  (3}  with  eaii(l»l),3  inyoun^;  snontS;  eye  2i  insnont. 
D.  IX,  11;  A.  ill,  12;  scales  27.  Caudal  peduncle  It  in  length  of  head. 
Four  strong  cnuiuea  iu  lower  jaw,  2  In  the  upp*>r,  directed  very  obliqnely 


*  Tbe  natural  darivatjve  froiu  "  .Me«k  "  in  preoMupled  In  PabMntologJ. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fislus  of  North  Anurica.      1003 


forwnnl.  Scales  not  rontinned  over  Tnedinti  line  of  nape,  7  or  K  in  front 
nf  ilorsfiJ;  7  or  8  wrifs  of  seiilea  on  lirciiat.  No  Bculy  ftUfutlja  ut  kasi^  of 
ilor&fil  or  iitial;  kiibos  of  hitcml  lui<>  much  brtmchcii,  sonir  nf  tbnrn  occft- 
BiomiHy  simple,  ('iiiulal  ni«ijj<le<l,  llic  outer  rajrs  not  at  all  prodiicpcl.  If 
in  bi;atl;  veiitrala  ratln-r  long,  reju^hiiig  nearly  to  vriit,  tbt-  inner  rays  1| 
ill  tht?  outer;  pci-tonils  1*  in  hrjid  ;  dorsal  Hpiiii-apungcDt.  Color  in  spirits, 
cv«'ry^h<Tf  w.irni  lirown,  darker  on  the  l>u»*"i»  of  tbn  wcalfg;  pettorala 
ll({ht''r;  othtT  lin.s  blauk,  thu  «olt  (iur.sal,  aiiiil,  and  raiidiil,  with  a  njirrow 
wbit<i  margin  brojidi-r  at  tips  of  oiitHr  caudal  rayH,  In  oneBppriuH'M  thorn 
aro  trai'f'8  of  wavy  lines  on  bead,  perhaps  blue  in  life.  Hovillagigcdo 
IxlanrU ;  3  HpceixueuM  from  Socorro  Ixliiud,  the.  luugestU  ini-bes  long.  (a4u«(ii«, 
brown  or  smrched.) 

PieudojuUi  admiiiM,  <]|Lbebt,  I'roo.  U.  8.  Nat.  Uua.  U90,  86,  Socorro  lilaad.    (Type, 
No.  4427B.     C<ill.  AUxUrots.) 


eon.  jn.iniu  ivoTUspiruM  (nuutiier). 

Head  3i;  depth  3J.  D.  IX,  11;  A.  HI.  11;  eyes  6  in  hpad;  snout  3^; 
BcalnH  2-26-8.  Hody  rather  stout;  isnont  pointed  ;  profile  not  otcep;  dorsal 
«pine»  pungent;  (iri+t  anal  opine  very  uleiider,  hardly  diHtingiiirtbable; 
caudal  fin  rounded;  v>'iilrul  iius  with  the  ouUt  ray  not  produced,  its 
length  not  nearly  twice  that  of  tht?  inner  rayn,  its  tip  not  reaching  to  tip 
of  pratoral;  sealen  befor(>  dorsiil  in  uhont  6  gt-ries.  Coloration  of  adult, 
bine  green;  bar  aeross  bitst!  of  pectoral  very  bright;  no  diirk  npot  behind 
eye;  lorners  and  tip  of  rmldal  pale,  as  in  young;  each  Mcale  of  poKterinr 
part  of  body  with  a  Hinull  Kky-bluc  spot  at  tip;  edges  of  hchIck  Idiiish,  the 
biiNe  olivareoii!*;  axil  biui',  golden  behind  ;  brctxt  and  throat  ]mle-«jilujon 
roliir,  with  hlnisti  atreaUs  inid  abades ;  eheok  ycllawiab  ;  nnoiit  bine.  Young 
with  bliir^  spcits  more  distinct,  (-specially  1  bdiinil  eye.  Adult  with  -1 
dark  .shailes  oiv  Imek  extiMxiing  on  dorB.il,  the  largest  lit  frnnt  of  soft  <lor- 
8al ;  bbvckiBb  rt)iot  difl'iiae,  not  orcllatcd;  caiidnl  with  faint  bliii.sh  eroria 
fttreaks  on  faint  liron/.e  ground  color,  the  angles  broadly  whitinb;  anal 
bronzo  with  H  blulnh  streaks,  tip  pale;  veutralH  dimky  edged.  Young 
rolored  like  .iiltilt,  but  brighter,  a  piilvr  olive  streak  from  uioiitb  ncrosM 
operrb*  above  pectoral  to  ba.se  of  I'liudal,  this  obsoli^te  in  iiilnlt;  dorsal 
unlike  that  of  adult;  Itrnt  dorsal  bron/e  with  bliiixli  cross  streaks,  the 
large  black  blotch  oeellated  with  blue  and  with  a  puteh  of  bright  yellow 
licfore  and  bcdiind  it,  iwtoi'space.s  between  this  and  the  two  other  uniallcr 
hlsn'k  spot.s  bright  yellow  al«o;  bine  spots  in  yonng  more  distinct,  espe- 
I'ially  1  behind  eye,  which  disiippofirs  with  age.  I>ength  II  inches.  Pacihe 
CNiast  oC  Mexico;  Ma/atliin  to  P;iniinia;  gi-m-rally  common  in  rock-pools, 
i-specially  abont  Mazatluu,  where  our  dpeeimeua  werLi  taken.  {i^ujToi, 
biK'k;  6nlXoi,  spot.) 

[•luudojulu  nolonpUuB,  GOirruKD,  IVnc.  Zool.  Son.  London  1804,  20,  Panama;  GDkthbb, 
Fi»li.<>aL  Am.,  447, 1800;  .TOKUAN.  Pnin.  U.  S.Nat.  Miii..  18aO,3»4i  JOKOAK,  Cat.  Fish. 
N.  Ani  IW«.  9»;  JnROAK  A-  HeonF.s.  Proc.  I'.  S.  Niit.  Mub.  ]8M,(I6i  JoiinAN.  Jicview 
Labrold  fiahea,  (M»,  18W ;  Jobdak,  FUIioa  or  Sinaloa,  in  I'roo.  CaL  Ao.  Sci.  18S6, 480. 


1C04         Didktin  4.J,  United  States  National  Museum, 


639.  PSEUDOJULIS,  meeker. 

^tmUmiviit,  BlXBKEK,  VxtK.  Zwil.  .Sw.  L<>Dd<iii  1861. 412  (frJiartfi). 

Body  cIongat<>,  compreaMed,  covered  with  large  ftcalea;  lateral  line  oon- 
tinnon»i:  oacb  jnw  'with  :^'  strniif;  iMuioes  in  Irinit,  and  with  no  tnii-«<  of 
posterior  csiniiifH;  dnrsul  witb  !l  puuKeut  itpinea;  anal  with  3  npineH. 
Gi'ueral  character  of  Halichuirii,  frcini  which  i;onua  r»euAojiili»  dillera  iu 
the  al>«eiice  of  posteiior  cnaincB,  mid  in  biivin^  3  nnal  opines,  i^p<■cir.s 
111*  Btuall  8iz<'  found  aliont  rocky  iBhiiii)«  of  the  Pacilic;  thr  t,vp«%  Pieudo- 
julit  tjirar((i,  if>  an  Gast  iutlinn  HpcciuB.     (if'ij>6}'fi,  falHv;  ./n/ih.) 

CI.  Iknnwl  splneR  iilRDJer  rtiiI  Hnxible.  body  very  Rleocler,  lbs  dritlh  5  in  length;  th« 
boailSj;  caiiiIaI  Inincntt".  piotnralii  and  vmlrala  von- nhnrt.  •cAlea  not  rant  In- 
noiit)  orroHi)  medinn  lino  >i(  napi;,  G  srriCH  in  front  ut  doranl.  Color  nearly 
iiuifonn  ulivacisoitB;  a  fnint  iliiirlc  Btreak  furwaril  Irom  eye;  n  dark  ii{H>t  on  c4M.'h 
•caln  along  the  base  of  doraal ;  aoalea  alone  luwpr  hidf  of  sides  vd^red  witli  pale ; 
aptnoua  doraal  duaky:  u  tmall  black  atmi  at  base  of  lirtb  ray  uud  I  at  luoo  of 
laatray:  tina  Kthurwiae  plain  IraDilacenl.  ixukmatcb,  2012. 

aa.  Dorsal  spiura  aleudt-r. but  pungi-ut;  body  rather  ilender.  the  depth  4  in  Icnj;tb; 
bi<a<13;  raiidal  roun^led;  pectorals  and  vvntrala  «hort:  aralea  not  conlinuuiui 
arroes  iiutdinn  line  cif  nape ;  8  series  licfnre  doraal.  Color  olivaeeoaR :  the  back 
and  Hidea  above  with  7  broad  diiiky  crosa  bnrs,  the  pale  interspacee  lea*  than 
4  their  width,  theao  bars  not  con  tinned  on  the  dnnwl  I'm ;  »  Htreak  forward  ttma 
eye,  another  backwanl;  opcrcniar  Hap  nith  ajot-black  sput.  vhlrb  haaa  broaal 
pa](i  niarffiTi;  a  round  black  apot  at  Imse  of  randal  above  the  tiiMlfau  rays;  a 
dusky  sjint  on  each  aide  bIjotb  rent,  in  front  of  which  are  2  aliort  silvery  paral- 
lel lines  dnwn  nnd  forward,  wllb  traces  of  4  others:  u  small  Jel-l>Uok  apot 
iMilKei'U  tlnl  and  si<c«nd  doraal  apfaiea;  Ana  otherwise  plain  translucent. 

UKixnona.  3013. 

3012.  PSKimOJrUS  LVOBSATrs,  Gilbert. 

nea<l  2i  ^^  in  total) ;  d«pth  5  (5|  in  total  U-ngth).  D.  IX,  12;  A.  Ill,  12; 
Bcale«  lf-27-lO.  Body  very  sli'n'ler;  depth  of  caudal  peduncle  IH;  snout 
31  in  head  ;  niiixillary  H,  <-i|tiMliDK  diaim-tiT  id'orliit,  which  Ih  ti  in  Mnoiit. 
unit  •■<|iials  iiit«r(irliital  widtli.  Two  i-auiaca  only  iu  front  of  each  jaw; 
no  piiatcrior  canincH.  nistauce  from  front  of  (lorwnl  to  occiput  «<inaliii;; 
iliHtance  from  l;itter  to  front  of  eye.  DuiMril  Hpim-s  ulcnder  and  llcxihle, 
lon(;''Ht  soft  ray  -i)  in  lieiid:  ciutlal  trnncnt-c,  the  outer  rays  not  proilaced.  If 
in  head;  jiertorals  and  ventralH  very  short,  the  enter  ray  of  the  liitt<T  not 
lit  nil  proditcot ;  pcctoriilsl' in  head;  vetitni]n  2^,  not  nearly  rcnclilng  vent. 
Bcali'ti  not  crintiniionii  acroti.H  niediiin  line  oC  rnqte,  G  Hrrics  iu  front  of  dorsal ; 
acalce  oil  lireaat  iiiut  li  ri'diici'd ;  10  ohlitgui'  series  in  front  of  Vcntruls;  18 
sealcB  iiloii)^  dori^al  portion  of  lateral  line;  no  ecaly  abi'iiths  alonK  the 
liiiACH  of  linH.  Color  iu  ftpiritit,  nearly  nniforni  olivaceauN;  a  faint  d.irk 
Htreak  forward  from  uye  to  cud  of  iiiaxilhiry ;  a  dark  H]iot  on  each  scale 
aJouj^  hase  of  dorsiil,  forinin;^  a  taint  durk  streak  ;  HctileH  aloiii;  lower  half 
of  sidi'B  edged  with  vvhitiah  (prolialily  hliie  in  life);  H])ininis  dorsal  dusky, 
n  small  black  npot  at  l»aHC  of  tiftli  ray.  nnother  at  liiuie  of  hint  ray :  Hns 
othcrvviiio  tniUHliK'cnt,  niiinarked;  irix  hrij^ht  silvery.  Thi»  Bpccic**  in 
known  from  a  single  H)ii'<'inicu,  'tk  inclieit  lung,  dredged  hy  the  Jlhatron 
iilV  the  wi-st  coaHt  of  Mexico,  aouth  uf  Cape  Hnu  Lucaa.  (Gi]l>erl. )  (inor- 
natiu,  not  adorned.) 


Jordan  and  Evcmiann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     1605 


VtmAojulif  inoraaln:  GlUiCBT.  Froc.  XT.  8.  Njtt.  Mus.  IROO,  AT.  west  coaatof  Mexico,  at 
Albatross  Station  i839,  Ist.  2'.*^' 52' N.,  long.  \m^  'Sit'  \V.,  in  111  rnlhuiiin  iTyp*-,  No. 
4427D) !  JoBUA.N,  Review  Labroiil  FiehBs.eStl,  18»«. 


a01.t.  rSEI  llOJt  LIS  .tIRLA.VOTIK,  (illlMtrt. 
Iltwt  S  (3|  ill  totiil  Iriifrlli);  ili'ptli  I  (iji  ill  totjil  IciifrMi).     I>.  I.\,  Vi 


HI, 


L 


12;  tit'ttli-H  2ti.  Uiiil>  ratbrr  hIuiiiIcI';  Hiiuiit  3}  in  bead;  r.VL- 4^,  i-ij mil- 
ium l«iiKtl'  "f  •iiiiviilBry.  Twn  jiiiti-rior  faiiiiicB  in,  rucb  jrivv;  jiciHtrrior 
raiiiii«'.*<  iiol  ili'vt'ltfpnl.  Ddi^iil  8piii<-8  tli-Nililt',  luit  pniij^fiit,  thi'tidCt  niys 
2ji  ill  b<-siil;  I'liiiilal  nuiixb-d,  tbi-  outer  ntyM  nut  iitul)  proiltu-i'd  ;  pTtnraJH 
imd  vi'iitials  wbort,  tbi-  nuUn-  vnitnil  rayH  init  ]iriidu(.'(>il,  not  rcui-biun 
vent;  [ii'tt^iral.-*  \\  in  liciil,  Stales  iii>t  crna.-jiiij;  im^dian  liiw  ul'  ii(i|i(>.  iiiinh 
n-dncM'd  (Hi  itt*  niitfiior  |»oittiiii,  in  K  i>l))i(pii>  town;  sciib'H  iiti  lin-ast  siiiiill, 
in  9  tiiwh;  no  wcaly  shfut.ba  to  linn,  Colnr  in  HpiritH,  light  idiviicfoiw;  thi' 
back  mid  iippi-r  jiiirt  nf  sidi'H  with  7  Urniid,  diiskj  ri'dss  liiiis;  thi'  liubt 
intt»rsp.-nes  1i'!<h  Ihiin  J  tlieir  width;  tlicHf  biira  lui*  ttitttinct  uloii;^  di>r8;il 
oiltiin'',  I'lit  lUi'  lint  contiiiiit'd  \i\\  Hie  doranl  liti;  tLi'V  bi'L'citiii'  piirtly  illt'T- 
niptril  iilong  di»rB:il  purtiuii  >>!'  lii(.'>i':il  lini'  aiitrriorly.  t(i  bi'i<iuii'<  mi>Ht 
priHiiiiu'til.  iil<»ii({  iniddb-  «f  sides;  tlir  lirHt  liiii-  is  un  the  n;ipi\  t!ir  wcoiiil 
iimii/i-  iiiitiTiur  duiiiiil  spiin^s;  :i  dusky  Nlrnik  fnmi  <'y<'  Ibrvvjtrd  t4)  kiioiiI, 
imd  iiiinthiT  biickwiird  toward  npirc-iiLir  iiiigii';  upi-ruiilar  tljiin  with  a 
jrt-lduck  Bpot,  vvidi'ly  iiiargiui-d  puatcrioily  with  white;  ii  i-oiuid  hhick 
spot  iit  biiM*  ul'  ciindjil,  iibnvf  the  nii'di.tii  rayr<;  w,  dnitky  spot  un  eacb  sidi' 
abiivt<  vent,  in  front  nf  whitli  siri'  2  abort  piirallcl  BJlvcry  jinrs  ruuiiiiig 
obtiqucly  downward  and  furwurd;  faint  traces  of  iiboiit  4  olber  nilvciy 
lines  ill  rroiitiif  tbeKC  and  niDnin^^  painliel  with  them;  a  small  ji't  hhuk 
wpiit  on  nieuihnini'  between  (irat  iind  weeoiid  lioraaJ  spines;  tina  otherwiwf 
tmUHliici'tit,  iiumarkod.  <Jii]f  «>f  California.  Known  iroui  1  example  2| 
inches  lnn)(,  dredged  by  the  Albatrom,    (Gilbert.)    (y<fAe??,  blaek;  oi"f,  ear.) 

I'ttudujulu  melanotu,  GlLBEIIT.  ITiic.  V.  S.  N»t.  M««.  IBIK).  67,  Gulf  of  California,  at 
Albatross  Station  atoj,  lal.  24^  22'  15"  >'.,  lou({.  Uty  1»'  15"  W..  in  7  ftitiioinn  (Typp, 
Ho.  M2T1):  JORKAN.  Itvvii>w  Labruid  Fliib<w,  600,  laW). 


640.  CHLORICHTHYS,  Swainsou. 


Phlariehtkii:  SWALNSUH,  }fat.  Hlat.  L'laas.  Fishes,  11,  232, 143fl  tbi/a4fialiu.  etc.). 
Chlnriehiht/t,  .TfmnAS,  Itpvlew  Labruid  Fiiilies,  fiSl,  1890  (re«lr)CttMl  lu  lufaxutalvii.  eee.i. 

Body  "IdoiiK  oi'  elon^jate,  ii)i>doratel.v  coiiiprcssod,  eovurad  with  lar^ji' 
8<'uletj;  lateral  line  continuous;  a,  slight  sbcath  uf  Beak's  along  base  of  itor- 
sat ;  DO  [iiiNtcrior  eaiiinu;  iiuturior  canines  ^:  dorsal  Kpiiie.s  always  H, 
nsnully  slcMik-r;  anal  Hpiiies  S,  the  third  slender,  like  a  sol't  ray.  Head 
naked  ;  lower  jibaryugeals*  cBNeutiiilly  n*  in  Uatirhtntf  and  Iridio.  Speeieo 
all  AtiuTican,  so  far  an  known,  distinguished  from  the  very  flnetly  relatwt 
Olil  World  genus,  Tliiilaniiomii  Swaiusoii  {^=JiiHt,  Giinther ;  not  of  Cuvier)  by 
the  presence  of  3  auiil  spines  instead  of  'J.     (jjAoj/adc, green;  Ix'^vi,  liah,) 

a.  Coodal  An  sligbtl.r  liinnl«  In  the  adult,  traiicste  in  the  young. 

6.  Budy  bicolor,  the  up^H^r  half  Ijluekiiiit.  the  lower  pale;  boily  slonder,  the  depth 
nbunt  4  in  leni^'th ;  roDlndn  raliort^r  tlian  iie<'lnrula.  not  tllanientods :  upper  half 
riJ  body  (lark  fmridixb,  llie  lower  ladf  nlinipdy  tony,  the  dark  nilorof  liin-k 


1IH)G  Bulletin  ^.j,  Ihiitcd  Stales  Naiwnal  Museum, 


b<>caDi!nf;  grndnally  deeprr  downimnt,  tfain  fonniDg  a  broad  blackUh  Intoral 
buijil,  tho  t-ilu'e  nf  wljjib  <:iir%i-ii  ii|iwanl  at  baHc  of  <niiilal:  a  faiiil  brown 
ntrt'iik  bi-luw  tliiMlnrk:  iiiiddkliiieof  back  bla4'k{  bnul  black,  with  2  Ktreaka 
cbiwonnril  niid  loinarct  from  oy«:  doriMil  lUrk,  with  wbiti«h  iDRr^u:  aiial 
hruwnisli,  dJMfji]  linlTpalr;  raiidnlyeilowUb,  wllb3]mr|drlan^itudiQal  tiand« 
r\ten<liiig  iijmiii  thr  loni;PHt  rarisi;  axil  with  niitir|i'l(*dijt;  tip  tifpi-'clonil  dark  ; 
<  HiiiEill  ftuiira  Ijvl'uro  dorsal.  I.IJCA$a1IUS,20U. 

bu,  Jodf  uot  bioulor. 

«.  Itmly  riit  Ikt  itt«p,  the  diiptti  3  to  3j  ialenfclli.oquiil  tu  length  of  head ;  nape 
Hdlwl  on  iiiKdinn  linv:  BorDnrabut  bofcire  donwl;  rsntrala  ahurl .  Ibn 
out<>r  ni.vH  not  priMltictHl;  iiitvroiwroleii  UMteling  below  thnwti  acaloi 
'.T.  D.  VIII, 13;  A.  Ill,  II.  Color  deep  bruwn,  each  Bcalo  on  aiilf*  with 
a  vxrtic^l  bluish  bur  at  baau  niid  inarsin«l  with  pule  biiii- :  aidcit  of  beud 
tbiokly  rorerpd  n  Ith  bluv  spiptn  atid  hriikes  linM,  tluw^  un  rlic«k  rwii- 
ating  Frum  f^n-,  durnjil  auil  iiuol  ^lurjtUah,  u  «ubuiuri;iuul  palp  atrcak 
(iiid  a  iijiiTuw  white  margin ;  ii  bbwk  blotch  on  i'n<nt  of  fepinotiA  durjtal ; 
ouud»l  brown,  thu  outer  rM\H  tippoil  with  bla<-k ;  iroctoraUand  veiitraia 
purplUb  at  baar,  with  yollowiali  dlHtnl  portiou .  donuU  apinm  strong. 

SOCOUIIOBASIS,  3015. 
ce.  Bml)'  alcindeir,  comprpRKfrd,  tbr  d«ptli  about  4  in  length:  ventnkU  much 
ntiortiT  than  pis'tontla. 
A.  Vcntrnln  1)  In  pL<i:toral«;  "Ilvu,  n  viidot  lult-nil  b«iid,  brokon  poste- 
riorly :  dorsal  olivp,  with  awhilpniarKin.  darker  Imlow  it.  n  dark 
blo(<-li  uu  4  anterior  Kpinea;  a  dark  streak  on  each  caudal  lobof 
.  axil  with  n  bliH'k  npot.  nitidi  8.  30I(.' 

iM,  VoDtrals  ^i  in  [K'ctotala;  top  of  IikwI  and  hnck  brilliant  }i-llow,  tbi« 
rultir  extcuiliu^r  on  sides  of  tii'ad  nnd  toviuitnUs;  a  larf;e  yollow 
blotih  ou  cttiirtul  Hn ,  lower  pttrts  tony  while,  a  moriion  l«nd 
bavkwaril  from  lyi'.  breaking  apua  body  int4in(i<<rlr«ur  8r|ua(|. 
ret«  Hpota  of  liutlk'  grecu,  the  loaC  blotvb  oileudlnK  oo  auler 
raysof  cniulcil ;  dur^tal  mostly  KTfX'niith,  with  puli*  inarglD.  adark 
blotch  b(-twe<^ii  ftecond  and  Itltli  apinos:  itectorals  (lale;  veu- 
tralg  yellow.  Ni  riDissiurs,  2017. 

aa.  Caudal  tin  deeply  forkcil,  the  outer  rmyii  much  prraluixid,  e»|>etially  is  the  adnlt. 
0,  ColQr  not  uniform  dt-ep  jt^reen. 

/.  IVrUiral  Itn  with  a  largo  blue  blot-k  blulili  near  ita  tip;  ImlmU  half  of  anal 
not  violet  black:  head  and  caudal  (in  oiillrcly,bIuiah  violet:  udi!ii  of 
caadul  pale;  obaeure  jmlcr  streaks  on  nide  of  head;  breast  to  veiitrals 
violet,  pnli<r  tbnii  hoitd-,  t>ody  viiiUcoo(i»,  its  antorior  tliird  t>alor,  tlio 
sial'.'ii  jHiHli'riorly  ed^eil  with  dull  violet;  dorsal  dull  violet,  ita  boao 
paler,  it«  edge  wbiliAb ;  iinal  with  a  violet  stripe  above  the  palo  od^e. 

STXINUACUNEUr,  2ui8. 

ff.  Pectoral  An  with  a  black  blotch  at  Its  tip:  body  blender,  tbo  anterior  and 

iMHttorliir  halves  dlifereut,  anterior  half  dfcp  blue,  the  lioail  paler,  poa- 

t«riur  half  bottle  groen,  a  deep  blue  bund  iii'ronii  body  eovcred  by 

iwctiirul ;  u  fainter  one  iHihind  gill  opcnini,',  tlie  two  p<>rhnps  sometimes 

rcinleariiii; ;  i>piuoii:t  duraai  dnrk ;  tip  uf  pectoral  liark :  oandol  pale,  Ita 

tobt'S  dark  t>lue  on  tlio  outer  part;   Moft  donal  greeniahi  anal  and 

ventFiils  lilriinb.  bipasciatus,  20IV, 

ffj,  I'eotiiral  llu  uut  black  nt  tip:  body  uot  Idoolor,  bright  ^een  Ihruaghout, 

each  8<'ale  with  a  purpliMhltaratbase;  lieod.  napo,  and  belly  purpliAh. 

the  bead  with  4  green  streaks  on  each  side,  margined  with  brown; 

these  streaks  ronliniied  lmcl|ward  ns  wary  given  streaks  on  broastr 

doTMd  and  anal  puridisb,  with  a  wide  terminal  green  band  nearly  | 

width  of  Ho ;  upper  and  lower  caudal  rays  purpUih,  the  median  ra; 

I>alu;  pcH^torals  and  ventrala  pale,  a  small  bla<-k  blotch  at  base 

pectorals  aliove.     Ileafi  3^-,  depth  3^;  scales  covering  modiau  tine  t 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1007 


iwiw,  7  or  *  riiwB  iHtbrn  diirtml;  rainila)  livejily  liu]at«iii  adult,  ilie 
niiliT  riiyn  twkci^  uitMlmn  (id«^a  ,  tiutrr  ventral  niyn  pro(luC4^tl,  not  qtiilo 
lirii'i*  Inner  rayii;  duriuil  Hpinca  i»an;;fnt.     1).  Vnr,  13;  A.  Ill,  II. 

cuAJiUATic'i.'!!,  arjo. 
«.  Culor  iiuiforin  liriglil  grroii,  willioiit  wr^llrloaDwI  mark*  on  ticuil  nr  IhhI.v. 
Ueiwl  3  ill  li'ii);tli  i  ilvpth  aUml  3;  waIvs  I'ontiuurius  acn>&if  iiApo:  iibiMit  7 
rowH  InMiirB  iluniul;  hciiW  Tt  \  outer  <Miii(Ial  Inlitvi  iniirli  priHtiicrd,  \\  In 
hcaiti  iinti.'r  vttutral  rayit  Itlanieuloim;  ilurmit  Hpinia  |Miiigrnl.  1>.  VIII, 
J3;  A.  Ill,  11.  Vlttltsu,  2021. 

•Jim.  I  IIMIRiniTIITH   LrcASAXlK  «!lll). 


He)Hl4;  depth  about  1.  II.  VIII,  t3;  A.  Ill,  12;  HCiileN  :!-lt>-8.  Ile.'ul 
r»t])i-r  poiiitMl ;  ilorsiil  H[uiicM  i)uugi5ut;  veiitnila  not  Ulaiueutoui^.  SinleH 
Wfuri^  doraiil  ani:iil,li  in  iiitiulxir.  ('auiliil  liiUikU<  in  itduLt,  triiiK'iite  in  tliv 
yoMiig,  tlu<  liliiok  outer  rays  i»ri.idiii«<l  .soiiKnvljiit  l>cjoi»l  tlio  otlicre.  A 
broixl  Iiluik  baml  !i1<hi>;  Niile,  its  Iowlt  edge  ]i;i8aiug  uIiiiik  low<»r  oiljjn  «)' 
eye  anil  iiii]>er  iMlKt'  uf  lu'ctoijil.  tliiii  nloiig  miilillu  itf  liuii.v  <'iirviiif;  ii|>- 
wuril  to  l<iv»e  of  iipiiiT  lube  of  c:iih1)i1;  bi-lly  below  this  ubni|itly  (uitur, 
lirowuirib  poHteriorly ;  u  fuint  brown  Htreiik  iiloiiK  sides  from  bniiiiid  pei-- 
tor:i]  tu  middle  of  r;iii<tiil  biiBo;  d.irk  l.'tter:il  IkiuiI  fuilitig  iiiaensibty  sibovi' 
into  tlio  brown  Liir  of  tb(t  buck;  iipjior  part  of  b;u'k  axuiu  bljick;  Iieawl 
all  cliirk,  bliii-k  ;<boM',  the  color  i^radna^ly  fadinj;  below  to  brown;  'J  p:i]o 
bluish  streaks  from  lovvi-r  part  of  ey«!  downward  and  hack  ward;  a  blark 
spot  lit  upper  btiHe  uf  ptictontl;  duraal  ULick,  witb  a  narrow  pcilo  iiiiirf^iii 
tin  thf  Buft  purt;  ciitidal  p^lo,  itH  u(ipcr  nnd  lower  ntya  iiliniptly  black, 
und  u^iirnwly  eilgied  witb  pa)i>;  iiDiil  brown  At  bivHe.  pitlr  iit  tip;  ]i«ctorAl 
brown,  with  a  bliickish  aren  te)w;inl  tbu  tip.  Length  about  SJ  iurheu. 
tiiilf  uf  Ciiliforniii.  in  roi-k  jiools.  Known  from  Cape  San  Liicim,  Masciitbiii, 
and  'I're*  Marias.  H«'rii  de.>4<rilHHl  from  ;i  Kpm'inieii.s  (No.  ;{71.>l,  U.  S.  Nat. 
MuH.)  broiiglit  from  Tres  MariiiB  Islands  by  AI]i]iu[iHn  Forrer. 

Jiilu  (iiciManiu,  (ilLI..  I'riN'.  .Vv.  Kill.  .Sti.  rtlilii.  180::,  \\%  Cape  San  Lucaa;  GItNTBBh,  Cat., 

IV,  IM.  1862:  .ruuiiA.N  i,  liluiEHT.l'roe.  P.  8.  Nat.  Mas.  18(t2.Stn. 
r/MiONOina  (HriMunuin,  Juiiuan,  Cat.  FIhIi.  N.  Am.,  D8,18r<,'V;  .Iiigi>.4]<  &  HCDHM,  (.c,  1886, 

68;  JoBDAX.I'Tue.  U.S.  Nut.  Mim.  1888, X<3:  Jobuan,  Ueriaw  UaliruM  Fiaboa, 0(2, 1890. 


::ui.->.  I  flLIIBK'IITIlVS  .Sill  ORKUK.NNIR  (Gilljcrl). 

HeadStoSI;  depth  ;i  to  3J.  I).  Vlll,  13;  A.  Itl,  11 ;  sua  Ics  2-27-8.  Depth 
of  eaiidal  pedunrlit  '1\  in  Iiea<l;  innxillary  3i;  snout  2j ;  interorbital  4i^. 
Iut«r(ip«rc1<-s  meeting  lielow  on  median  line  of  tliroat.  Si-alea  reduceil 
on  brciiiit  uQiLuiipe,  the  latter  Hcaled  over  modi  an  line;  8  or  1)  scales  in  a  row 
along  nape,  arranged  in  5  or  <>  oblique  seriea;  tH  oUliijiio  rawH  on  breast; 
wcll-deveiopod  aciily  shoatbti  rilimg  liast-s  of  dorsal  and  anal,  and  series  of 
HRakut  running  out  oil  nveinbniEies  between  rays  of  eautlal.  Onter  i-auibil 
rays  little  produced,  l!ie  outline  of  liii  greatly  con<;tvo,  longest  ray  equal- 
ing length  of  be.'ul  in  front  of  preopcrcnlar  innrgin ;  veiitrals  ahort,  the 
oater  ruy»  not  prodiueil.  the  inner  rays  conl;nined  1;(  in  length  of  outer; 
pectorals  short  and  broad,  1}  in  head:  dorsal  Npiues  i^trong  aiul  sharp. 
Deep  brown,  each  scale  on  Bide«  witb  it  vertieal  binisb  bur  at  base,  nur- 


1608         /iullitiii  4j,  Ignited  Staffs  National  Museum. 


rowly  margined  willi  light  bine;  sidi^s  of  Iii'ud  thickly  c<iyere<l  with 
Hlii&ll  puriiliuli  or  lilniuh  hjioIh  .iml  lunkeu  linns  uiargj)ie<l  with  «l»rk«T 
l>lii(«.  tliiiBu  oil  i-hix^kR  aiTiiugod  in  lini>«  i;i<liiitii)g  I'roni  Itiocye;  dorsal  atiil 
\\Vi,\\  pnr{>liHli,  :i  Btiliiiiiirgiiial  li^lit  Ntri'uk  (|>iiili!ild,v  Miu<  iu  life),  :tud  ik 
iiaiTitw  wliitt'  luargiu;  it  Muck  hlolcli  on  niitiTior  rays  of  Hiiinoim  dorsal; 
]>L'rtcirula  and  ventralH  ()iiri>1i»li  iiL  linxr-,  with  moru  or  lu.HSOiaiiircnr  yellow 
(in  di.stiil  giortiori ;  raiidsil  hrowiiisli,  Itje  oiilcr  rays  tipptMl  with  liliirk. 
IJi'villagiucdo  An'hi]>«'J.>j;o,  ahundaul  at  Sot-orni  Islaud  ;  thi<  loDf^est  8p«ci- 
lueo  known,  lOj  inrhea  loug,    ((iillwrt.) 

TMioftoma  loeomwnw.  (fiLSKRT,  I'nu..  I'.  S.  NkI.  Mnn.  IKiHI,  09,  Socorro  Islajid  (Ty[>a 
Nu.  UOitl.    CoU.  AVbalrott) ;  Jouuan,  Roview  Ijiliruiil  FiHlim,a53, 1800. 

SOIB.  *HI;<IRI('HTII»K  NlTIBl'S  (Gftnthor). 

Head.*)}  (41  Ln  totEvl);  depth  I  \\\\\\  tidul).     D.VIIIj:);  A.  II  (III),  11; 

Boiilcs  2-26-%.  Xu  pu^turiiir  ctiuine  tooth.  l>unial  spines  puugeut,  okorter 
thiiu  the  raya;  cixidul  lubes  very  slightly  prodnrcd;  the  litiigth  of  the 
vriitrni  j  of  thfvt  "f  thts  pectoral,  i'ohir  in  siJirits,  a  violft  band,  iiuit«fl 
with  it*  ff'How  on  the  suonl.  runs  through  tin'  ey<'  and  arroaa  the  bi^nd  of 
the  latc«nil  line  to  the  cniidaK  HornetiiuoH  lirnkuii  np  into  hirj^o  8pot«, 
fortniuf;  a  sinnlr  series;  dorsal  lin  hrovviiish,  darkest  toward  tho  margtu, 
ivhick  is  n-bite;  ablafk  blutrli  btjtwcou  the  1  an1vTiorHpini-!<i;  luial  white; 
caudal  with  u  blackish  atn^ak  along  t'oi-h  lubi: ;  ii  black  spot  oiiperiorly  in 
tbo  ti&il  of  thf  pertoriil,  which  is  trauMpareut.  Jiiinaioa  (Giiutber);  not 
seen  by  us.     Li-ngth  3  iuchos.     (ni(i((ii«,  ahiDiu^.) 

jMlit  nitida,  (iONTHKR,  V»l.,  tv.  10".  IWU,  J«mi>ic».     (Coll.  Pr,  J'BnjoIl.) 
Tkala4"nna  nitUlum,  Jukujls  &  HuoHEa,  Pniv.  V.  &.  Mat.  Mns.  1886,48;  JoRDjkM.  Seriew 
LiikroUl  Fishca,  053, 1890. 


im7.  CIILORK'HTRTS  MTiniKSIMCS  i(io«le). 

Head  3} ;  Ttppth  4.  D.  VIII,  13;  A.  Ill,  11 :  scales  2-26-«.  IJody  slender, 
cnniproaai'il ;  v<-n(rals  vt-rv  ahort,  IJ^  in  pectorals.  Tup  of  head  and  back 
iirilliunt  yellow,  thia  rtdor  ('xti*nding  on  aidi-n  of  head  and  to  ventralK;  a 
largo  yi'llow  bidtfli  on  caudal  lin :  lovvvr  parts  rosy  white;  a  maroon  band 
bui'kward  from  oyr,  breaking  n)i  on  body  into  a  seriua  of  6qiia<lrat«'  8|Mt|« 
ol'  bottle  f;reeti,  thti  lust  blnteli  t^xtetidiiig  oii  oiitt-r  rays  of  cnudal;  dorsal 
tiiostly  fjri'i'nish,  with  pale  margin,  a  dark  blotch  betw<'iin  srcuud  and  fifth 
spine*;  piTtorals  pale:  v«'ntral»  yellow.  Demntdiis  ((ioode) ;  not  H<>en  by 
ua;  probaltly  not  distiiut  from  i'hlori<litlii/K  nitiitut.'  (nilidiitimut,  ino«t 
abiniiig.) 

JuU»  uUidiMiina,  Uuous,  Am.  Joar.  .SoL  and  Aria  1877, 283,  Bermuda.    <UiiU.  Goeda.) 


*  In  iliMrrihhi^  .Tulit  nilulittiiiui.  Pmrpawir  <i<>oil»  Inilicaloii  liU  aUHnirton  that  it  ia  idfD- 
tical  Willi  Jiitii>  nitiilii.  Tins  only  tiiiigililc  ilintim  lion  nuuM  In-  in  llii-  Irngili  of  tbu  ven- 
UaU.  I  IliP  pcctnmlK  in  <'.  niliifuw  nnil  ;  iu  <'.  nitiditximiiii.  Tlir  other  (lilTrrrnro*  may  \m 
ilnr  to  (lie  fact  that  the  type  of  nilidun'miM  was  frealily  vaugbt;  Ihosnof  nitutiupreacrved 
in  alrubol. 


Jordan  and  Evermaim.- -Fishes  of  North  Anurica, 


> 


I 


SOIM.  CHLOKICHTIITS  STKtNDACIiXKKI  (Jordiin). 

Head  4  in  tot;il,  ti>  fud  oF  middln  raudul  rays;  di-ptb  5;  scales  2-27-9. 
Ciiudal  dt'epl.v  forkeil,  it.f  prfMlnfed  ni.va,  as  alsHj  tlu-  In-ud,  bliiisli  violi-t; 
lower  iiud  posterior  filj;o  ot"  caudal  pale;  oltitriire  paler  atreaks  f>n  side  of 
ln'iid;  l>rcimt  t«  veutralH  violet,  piklor  than  head;  body  violtirt'niis.  ite 
iiiitt-rior  third  paler,  tlie  snilcs  posteriorly  i-dj;cd  with  didl  viok't;  florsul 
dull  violet,  it8  biust-  pult-i',  itM  cilgv  whitiali ;  iinal  with  u  vinlt-t  Htripe  aliuvu 
the  pale  edge.  Pui'toral  tin  with  a  larj^K  hlue-blai-k  bloti-b  pointed 
fortvard  toward  ita  tip.  Aciipiilc-o;  I  Bpi'cioii'U  5i  iuclrea  ]ou{{  (8t<«itidttnh. 
Der);  not  e«eii  by  im. 

I)r.  Steiiidachiier  obai-rvcs:  "Au  exanipJi-  (;au(;ht  at  Acnpulco  a^ri'ea  on 
the  'wh(do  so  closely  with  JuUa  melanochir  tliut  I  ran  only  on  account  of  its 
color  rejiard  It  ns  a  variety  of  that  specii's,  Ji>li»  nuliinoihir  coiiiea  very 
abnndnntly  on  the  const  of  the  Sandwich  Islands,  and  it  iii;iy  from  thinici* 
extcuil  its  range  to  tbc  west  coast  of  North  Aiucrh'o,  which,  on  tb«>  wliolc, 
poiiHess  but  few  r^abroiiLs,"  Jnaaiuucbas  thin  aicoitnt  of  the  .\C'apnl<  o  (ish 
diflVrK  con»idi'r:iMy  from  ./Mfi'«  mrtajiochir  as  »bown  in  Hleoker's  fifjurc,  iitid 
u  the  Labroid  fauna  of  the  went  coast  of  Mexico  is  in  ^'eneral  wholly 
unlike  that  of  tbo  western  I'acilic,  it  is  pi'obable  that  tin-  llwb  from  Ai'ii- 
pulco  JH  uot  id(>ntical  with  Julia  meianofhir. 

(Named  for  Dr.  Ftanz  Steindachner,  the  discoverer  of  thu  s])ecie8. ) 

JuliM  inrUinochir.  STCtNtiActi.SEH.  Icliili.  Tleitr..  ill,  G3,  1875, iiiecimfvu  I'rnni  Acapulco;  nut 

ui  bLKISKKR.  Act.tHM'.tie..  Iiicio  NVdffii  .  vni   77,  I8j». 
Thalauoina  ttrindaeliMri.  JoitUAM,  Itwivw  Lubruid  FiBhM,  6S4.  189U,  Acapulco;   after 

STSIXDACBN£B. 


I 

I 


j  2010.  IKLOKII'IITIirK  HIFAHl'IATirS'  (Bloeh). 

Head  »i;  dejith  3,.  1>.  VIII,  13;  A.  11,11;  scales  L'-*j!7-9.  Cnudn!  (in 
deeply  forki'd,  the  outei'  rays  niiich  produced,  ospeciidly  in  the  ailiilt. 
Body  bicolor.  the  anterior  uotl  posterior  balvcB  ditlerent;  anterior  half 
deep  bine,  the  bead  paler,  poati-rior  half  bottle  ;,'reen,  a  deep  blue  baud 
.TcroM  th<'  liody  covcretl  by  jiectoral;  a  fainter  one  behind  gill  opening, 
the  two  perbupH  sonietiiuuH  couleHciii^;  .Hpinoii.s  dorstildark;  lip  of  pec- 
toral dark;  caudal  pale,  lis  lobes  dark  blue  on  tb(>  outer  part;  Hoft  tiorsal 
greeiiiBh;  anal  and  veutraL^i  bluish.  West  Indies;  not  uucouiniou  ;  known 
from  i'ubit,  Jamaica,  San  Domingo,  and  Martinique.  (bi/a»ciatue,  two- 
banded,  ; 

l,ttbnu  enpH*  obtuto,  GroKow,  Zoopbyl.,  No.243,  1781,  Antilles. 
Labrim  hi/iuewh44i.  ItMnH.  lulithy..  131.  pl.'J83,  1792.  West  Indies. 
LabruJi  liijnunatvii  var.  (or'jiiaCtu,  Buh:u  &.  Scii.<<(:n>ER,  Syst.  Icbth.,  313,  1801,  Antilles; 
afUiT  GnoNow. 

'"Head  nnd  iri^  very  risrk  piirplo;  Itmly  to  lip  orimiionib  bUek.  ponterlorly  irrF«ii,  I  ho 
bupoor  tlR'SCiili"*ilnrl(er.  auulnl  iii'duiiclcUnaky:  (;rvc>nis1i  on  sides ;  spnlpffrofnish  Imnd 
scr<>BM  biii'k  iinil  mIiIc^  ihrimyh  rn>tit  of  npiiioiis  dornal;  outer  riiyn  nf  *-audiil  blaek,  jiiiia.r 
whit»;  ,«piiiouH  iliiiitai  hiai  k.  ah  ft  <i<irtiat  urvt^iHb  witli  spnl**  luiir^iii ;  Aiiiil  cnH'nJKli,  iliiRky 
snteriDrI\  ;  |>ertorul  white,  tlio  lijw  iiml  liasi*  hlnrlc ;  outer  niyii  of  venlnils  black,  otliern 
psie:  bead  willutiit  color  iiiarktncK.  Iiikt  tlin  niiiiuTonn  partn  on  the  rhoek  rtcrni  to  linve 
inacoiiH  imIm'd  rudiniint:  from  thu  eye.  I'ecCoriil  bWk  at  tip.  '  (Jurtlau  uud  Kuttor: 
Speciini^nH  from  .Jaiuaica.i 

3030 JA. 


4 


1610  Bulletin  47,  Unikd  States  Nationai  Hfusn4m. 


JiiHi  ittlfftor,  CrrtKR  &  Yalbncievkbo,  lliat.  Nat.  PoIm.,  kiii,  iOS,  1830,  San  Domingo-, 

Martinique;  (itlNlHKK. Cnl.,iy.l80, 1843. 
Lal-rxn  omatiu,  Gk<.>I«<>W,  Syst.  Nat.,  Ed.  <ira.Y,  ^,  18&4,  Antilles;  uTter  Lahrut  eapilt 

iihtwm;  not  iif  CARMlrnAEU 
JulU  giUiitnuM.  I'OEY,  Mi>iuurijut,  ll,  214.  1860,  Cuba. 
fMoriclithiji  hi/nicialii;  SWAJSeo.'C,  Ntit.  Hint.  TbiMt.  Ki»h.,  II.  230, 1838. 
JulU bijateiatu,  (;t'NTilEB.  Cat., iv,  18fl,  1R«12. 
JvlUlti/iUciaItu,  PoKV,  Eniinimitio,  107. 1(f75. 
ThainiMoma  biJaiKiatutn.,  .loBiiAN  &  KuoilES,  Proc.  U.S.  Nat. Itiu.  1886,08;  JOBOAK,  Ptoc. 

l*.  8.  Kat.  Mus.  18MI,  5W  (type*  of  /wK*  detrrmr)  j  JoBOAK,  Herti-w  Labtoid  Fish», 

«4,1890, 
TAatoMfftmt  6(Aueia(««,  JottbAM,  !t«viow  Labroid  FlaliM,  M. 

SOeO.  rilLORU'IlTMYS  UBAMHATUTR  (C.illK-rt). 

HoadiU  t<)3};  deptli  3  to  SJ ;  <yo  2*  in  snout.  D.  Vlll,  13;  A.  Ill,  11. 
fifaxillnry  4 H"  Ix-'od  ;  suautS;  inUMorbitni  witlth  4.  Two cauines  iu  front 
of  <>acli  jaw;  no  postorior  cuuiueo;  teetb  gratlujiUy  t>iil;irj;inK  towaiil 
front  of  each  jnw,  thoao  nest  the  anterior  pair  not  moro  than  »  their 
I»tij;:tb.  I[it«ioi»erclos  gn-atly  prorluced,  ineetinj;  or  overlapping  on  iiie- 
diau  lino  lieli>\v.  Scjilusxuiuuivhat  n-diiuod  <>»  niijic  itud  breaeit,  contiunuus 
over  iiieriiai)  lim*  of  iiiijie;  7  or  H  o1i1ic|ih)  rows  iu  ftuut  of  dorsal,  9  or  10 
Berio«  in  front  of  V4<iitrnl8;  \vel!-d()liDe<)  «>lie:ith8  at  bases  of  dorsal  and 
anivl.  Ciinilal  tin  very  tloejily  lunate,  the  oiit«r  niyB  greatly  produced, 
forming  lobett  ii<-arly  twice  ivs  lon^  as  median  rays  in  the  adult,  but  little 
prodnucd  Iu  the  yonii>;;  outer  voDtnil  rays  producfd,  not  twice  leuKth 
of  inner  riiys*,  tint  reaching  vent;  inuitaral*  IV  in  bead;  dorsal  N|>iues  pun- 
gent, lili-ight  fjrei'n,  each  »c,»le  of  sides  with  apurplifh  bar  at  base;  hoiiil, 
iinpe,  breast,  and  belly  piirpllah,  the  head  with  4  j^reen  streaks  on  i-ach 
sidtr  iiiiirgined  uarroivly  with  brown;  the  lowermost  bur  rnns  on  mandi- 
ble, lower  preojierfiular  margin,  and  iuteropercje ;  tht-  seroud  rune  from 
mandibular  artionlatinn  acrofis  cheek  and  siiboperclo,  showing  a  strong 
upward  curvi'  brlow  eye;  the  third  is  nearly  parallel  with  the  second,  ruu- 
niiij;  frnni  auRle  uf  uiunth  to  opercular  margin,  passing  tbrongh  lower 
ruarjiin  lit' orbit ;  the  fourth  rtius  backward  from  orbit  to  upper  posterior 
auglti  "f  opercle,  then  downward  along  margin  of  ojiercle  to  ba«e  of  peo> 
toral ;  tbe.se  streaks  are  continued  backward  more  or  les-s  as  wavy  green 
streaks  oil  breast  and  sides  below  pectorals;  <lor«al  and  anal  ])urplish 
with  a  wide  t>*rtuinal  gretm  bar  nearly  4  as  wide  aa  tin  ;  upper  and  lower 
caudal  rays  purplish,  the  median  rays  light:  pectorals  and  vt^utrals  light 
purplish;  a  small  black  blotch  on  base  of  pcct-orala  above.  Kevilla- 
gigedo  Archipelago;  abundnnt  at  Socorro  Island;  a  single  specuueo 
fk'oni  Clarion  iHlaud,  the  largest  obtained,  llj  inches  long.  (Qilbert.) 
{fpct/ifi'iTiMoi,  xtretlkcd. ) 

Thalanoinairrammaiicutn,  GtUiKkr.  Proc  XJ. S.  Kat.  Mna.  1690, 68,  Socorro  taiaod ;  Clarion 
Island  (Type,  No.  4:i08;i.    lull.  JC'ttrntix).  J<)IU>A!(,  RoTJevr  Labrold  FUboa,  a5»,  ISfW. 


Smi.  I  Hr.URK  IITilTH  riRK>'S  (Gillwrt). 

Head  3;  depth  about  3.  \i.  VIH,  13:  A.  Ill,  11;  scaliis  27.  Depth  of 
bead  li  in  it.i  length;  nuixillury  3*  iii  hca<l ;  snout  2^  to  2*;  o.ve  3J  in 
suuut;  iuterorbital  width  j  suout.    Two  strong  canines  in  front  of  each 


Jordan  and  Evtrmann. — Fishes  of  North  Anurica.     161 1 


jaw,  thi"  otlKT  teeth  increasing;  in  Irli^th  :iiitiTiorly,  but  no!  ueiirly  equal- 
ing iinlfi'iiir  pair;  uo  {tustiTior  caniui's.  Hcfili's  on  breast  iiiiil  ntt|ii'  re- 
ducp<l  iu  Hi%t<,  thi>  latti-r  •'(iiitiiinoasovor  tho  un-diau  litio  nf  intpr,  in  iibout 
7  rows  in  front  of  doriial;  ubimt  10  oMiiiuu  rows  on  lirrust ;  27  ()r2K  tnitiB- 
Vfi-se  rows  on  sidi's;  2  fnll  scricH  of  HcnN-s  »)ii)Vc>  lutcial  line,  anil  4  or  5 
Htiiall  Hc.'kli-K  alung  bn»o  of  tia.  ]>i*}jth  ofcandal  ]*<-*luiiclc2',  tu  Lt-iiil ;  outer 
riiiidnl  lobrs  grriiHy  pnidiuwii,  IJ  in  ln-ail,  tlir  ntiililli-  jiortion  tniiii'iite,  \ 
l«-ngth  of  iH-ad;  outer  vt-utral  rays  pro«lui-i'{l,  Imt  not  ui'urly  rouching 
anal,  twice  tbe  li-ngth  of  the  inner  riiy»,  \  len^'th  <>f  bead;  pi<ctoral  i;^ 
in  bi'ud.  lioniiil  spiiie.s  xtroDK,  ptingent.  IJuifoiin  bright  gri-eu,  with- 
out distingniahing  rttreaks  or  Apotson  hciid  or  body.  Uevillugigedo  Archi- 
pelago; viTy  itbundont  al  .Socorro  I.mIuimI:  the  largest  si>ci.']iiii'n.s  sct-n,  13 
inebi's  long.     (Gilbert.)     (rirnu.  green,  j 

fhaUuMxoa.  nrnti.  Oilhrut.  Prw.  r.  S.Nat.  Mim.  \fm.  W,  Socorro  Island  (ObWAVn- 
trvBDi;  JotuiAM,  K«viun  Liiliruiil  Kmbos,  055.  1800. 


* 


641.  DORATONOTUS,  Onnthor. 

J>orat<mQ(tir.  GOntiikh,  Cat.  Kiabes  Brit.  Mua..  IT,  134,  IMS  (7n«f^a{<7'^)- 

Body  conipreH.s<>d :  b(*tul  not  compreB8ed  to  an  edge  anteriorly,  i(R  pro- 
fllu  in  front  straight  or  conciive;  preorbital  not  very  deep;  month  rather 
wuK';  teeth  iu  a  dLngli-  series,  2  large  cauim-g  in  front  of  faohjaw;  :i  pos- 
tfrior  eiinine;  elieeks  and  oporclee  Bcaly;  gill  iiienibranoH  unit«d,  free 
from  thn  iHthnm.s;  HcaU-H  largi;;  lateral  lin(^ interrupted  Ix^hiiid,  beginning 
again  lower  down;  dorsnl  fin  with  9  strong  puiignnt  spine.s,  some  of  the 
uuterior  elevated,  tbti  median  Hjiiueg  Mbort,  ho  Chat  the  uiitlint'  of  the  fin 
id  concave;  caudnl  rounded.  Colurt)  Uriiltant.  Sizi'  huiaH.  Thix  gc-nOH 
contains  »  siuglv  epeeies,  one  of  the  most  benntiful  of  tbu  LabriiUi ,  and 
the  genuH  to  which  it  belongs  is  otie  of  the  bent  defined  in  the  gronp. 
(ddparoi,  spear;  i'a>ro;,  biuk.) 

goes.  nOH,lT<»0Trs  MKCULKPIN,  Glinther. 

Head2f;  depths].  D.  IX.  10;  A.  Ill,  11;  scales  1^20,  6J  porea.  Dody 
tnnch  coiiiprc9S4'd,  modenitely  eleviited,  ita  greatest  width  behind  hi-ad 
f  of  ita  height;  caudal  pediiiiele  nbort  and  deep,  itH  length  bnt  little 
more  than  i  its  height;  proiilo  (roni  dorsnl  to  nape  convex,  cnrinjited; 
occiput  and  supriiorbjtai  region  deprensi'd  und  tint,  the  guout  i»rotrudiug, 
the  protile  of  top  of  head  thus  strongly  eoneave.  Snout  slender,  sharp, 
compres^sed.  its  length  '.i't  in  head;  niootb  wide;  niaxiHary  1  in  Imad ;  teeth 
PfTOwing  gradually  laTKcr  anteriorly,  (he  'i  front  leelh  in  eiirh  Jaw  dis- 
tinctly ihelargest,  canine-like,  diverging,  opposed  to  e;ich  other;  a  small 
but  di<!tinct  posterior  eaiiiiio  in  upper  jaw,  none  in  the  lower;  eye  n]o<l- 
erate,  little  widi-r  thati  interorbital  width,  '>  in  head;  ebeekg.  with  a 
single  series  of  liirge  hcbIch.  4  in  nuuiber;  opercle  covered  with  5  or  6 
similar  scales;  gill  nienibranes  broadly  united,  free  front  the  isthmus. 
Dorsal  sjiines  roUu.st  and  pungent,  the  first  3  with  eonspituoim  lilauteii- 
tons  appendages:  first  and  sec^md  S|iiiieH  with  their  lilanieuts  abont  eqtial, 
11  in  head;  without  their  tijaiuciits  the  Keeond  spine  is  slightly  the  longest, 


1612         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 

equaling  distauoo  firom  end  of  snout  to  middle  of  eye;  the  fin  rapidly 
descends  to  the  fourth  spine,  which  is  |  as  long  as  the  second,  then  grad- 
ually rises  to  the  ninth  and  highest,  which  is,  however,  shorter  than  the 
following  soft  rays ;  longest  soft  ray  1}  in  head ;  anal  spines  similar  to 
those  of  dorsal  fin,  the  longest  about  i  head;  caudal  evenly  convex,  its 
longest  ray  1^  in  head;  ventrals  short,  about  i  length  of  head,  an  elon- 
gate scale  between  them  at  base;  pectorals  reaching  beyond  the  ventrals, 
but  not  to  vent,  If  in  head.  Membranes  of  vertical  fins,  with  elongate 
scales  on  basal  portion;  lateral  line  following  outline  of  back  1  scale 
beyond  end  of  dorsal  fin,  thence  interrupted  and  continued  on  4  scales  of 
middle  of  caudal  peduncle.  Color  in  life,  very  intense  grass  green,  about 
uniform  over  the  body;  head  more  yellowish,  slightly  paler  below;  oper- 
clesmesially  a  little  darker;  iris  red,  with  a  green  ring;  dorsal,  anal,  and 
caudal  grass  green,  mottled  with  light  orange ;  tips  of  lower  spines  green, 
of  short  ones  orange;  ventrals  deep  green,  the  membranes  largely  orange; 
pectorals  light  yellowish.  Length  2f  inches.  West  Indies  north  to  Key 
West,*  rare.  Here  described  from  the  type  of  Doratonotus  thalassinua, 
obtained  with  a  seine  in  eelg^raas  at  Key  West.  One  of  the  most  beau- 
tiful of  American  fishes.    (A^y or;,  large;  Ae;riS,  scale.) 

Doratonotu$  megaUpit,  OChthbh,  Cat.,  iv,  125, 1892,  St.  Kitts ;  JORDAN,  Review  I^broid 

Fiehea  655, 1890. 
Dmratonottu  thaUunnui,  Jordan  Sc.  Gilbbrt,  Proc.  U.S.Kat.  Mus.  188i,28,  Key  West. 

(Type,  Ko.  34960,  U.S.N.H.    Coll.  Jordan.) 

4S4a.  XYRULA,  Jordan. 

Xynito,  Jordan,  Review  of  Labroid  Fiabes,  656, 1890  (jeiiio)). 

Scales  very  large,  about  20  in  the  lateral  line,  which  is  placed  on  the 
first  row  of  large  scales  below  the  dorsal  sbeath ;  head  not  trenchant  above, 
otherwise  as  in  Xyriohthys.  A  single  species  from  rather  deep  water.  (A 
diminutive,  suggested  by  Xyrickthys.) 

8088.  XTBl'LA  JE8SI£  (Jordan). 

Head  3f ;  depth  3^.  D.  IX,  12 ;  A.  (probably)  III,  12 ;  scales  about  f-20-7. 
Body  oblung,  rather  more  elongate  and  rather  less  compressed  than  in 
species  of  Xyrichlhy».  Head  rather  less  deep  and  less  trenchant  anteriorly 
and  superiorly  than  in  X.i>siltaoug,  its  anterior  outline  boldly  convex 
rather  than  parabolic.  Depth  of  preorbital  from  eye  to  angle  of  mouth 
2i  in  head  (2,\,  in  X.psittacus).  Cleft  of  month  4^  in  head;  anterior  in- 
cisors strong,  ^  as  in  X.  ptittacus.    Eye  moderate,  4i  in  head.    No  trace  of 


*  Of  thin  exquisite  little  fish  only  5  specimens  are  known :  (1)  The  typo  of  D.  mfgaUpiJh 
a  specimen  iu  poor  condition  from  St.  Kitts ;  (2)  the  type  of  D.  thatoMinus,  n  specimen  in 
fine  condition  irom  Key  West,  now  in  the  U.  S.  National  Museum:  (3)  a  third  siwciinen 
sent  l>y  I'rol'csHOr  Poey  from  Havana  to  the  mntieuDi  iit  (Cambridge:  and  (4)  2  speci- 
mens taken  by  Dr.  .Tamos  A.  Uenshall  at  Ganlen  Key.  These  last  Hp<'cimen8  havo  tlie 
■nout  less  slender  than  iu  the  original  types,  but  tliis  dillVreuee  may  be  due  to  their 
greater  age. 

We  have  little  doubt  of  the  identity  of  D.  thalanrinxu  witli  D.  megaUpi:  tlic  slight  dif- 
feroncoH  in  the  descriptions  being  apparently  due  to  the  poor  condition  of  Dr.  Giinther's 
specinieuit. 


ian  and  Evermann, — Fishes  oj  Worth 


1613 


b<mi1ph  iiu  clieeks;  IvD^tli  of  cheek  a  little  iiiore  lliaii  h  itfl  hei);ht  (niiich 
leM  tliati  \  io  A',  puiltncu*).  ScuIcb  very  liirg«,  the  littoral  line  ninning 
iilonii;  the  bii<.-k  on  the  (iret  i.'Oiiiplete  series  of  8i-j(I<>8,  (O^'ing  to  the  iajn- 
lies  '\vliiib  the  apeciiiien  h.-is  ruceivrd  tlio  uiuiilter  of  scaler  cuu  not  be 
exuctly  coiiutiMl.  It  is,  however,  ap)>nrcntly  20 or i'l.)  Between  theRixtli 
flpinc  aik<l  the  8t>V(!nth  soft  rny  of  the  dorsal  M  sculeji  rcmnin.  lu  thu  anine 
iliatiiiiL-4-  on  .V.  ;iJ>iV'<ifn«  there  are  11  Ncules,  the  total  riiiiDber  in  the  l.tturnl 
lijid  buinfj  itbont  27.  The  litis  nre  all  injured  by  the  di)j;eRti%'e  procost*.  iiiid 
i»ri' not  evidt'utly  diflVreiit  from  similar  parts  in  .\.p»mai:%t».-  The  dorsal 
bpiues  m'cm  rather  more  slender,  the  anterior  opinos  not  produced,  the 
soft  r»yB  of  the  vi-ntruls  tilmnent'Oiia.  Color  in  life,  nniform  scftrb'tred; 
the  sides  more  yeHowish;  no  hluo  spots  or  lines  jinyvihcro.  .Siifipper 
iianks  oir  Tampu  Hay,  Florida;  from  the  ntomnrh  of  u  lar^u  {trouper;  the 
typo  in  rather  bud  condition  on  account  of  having  been  partly  digested. 
Length  of  typical  exuiuple  6)-  inches.  (Named  for  Mrs.  .lo8«ie  Knight 
.lordan.) 

Xririchtfi)/!  jMn'iK,  Jiiriiak,  T'nio.  TJ.  S.Xat.  Mns.  1887,  OM,  ofT  Tampa  Bay.     (Ty]M-,  No, 

WiC"     Cdll.  CnuKi.  II.  IV.lbi.a)!  ) 
.\)/rula  jriiriii',  .ToiiDAN,  UeHcw  Laliiuiil  Vinheii.  654,  ItiflO. 

643.  NOVACULICHTHYS.  Bleeker. 


Snvaeulifhlhyi,  Blekker,  Ptoc.  ZitoI.  Sw.  London  1801, 414  imaenttpiilolut). 
IKmalaeocetttrut,  liux,  Trw.  Ao.  Not.  &1.  Phlla.  18«3,  U'i'l  (lafiofomfi);  "first  two  cliimal 
•iMlK^a  niureur  Iusn  tletachnl." 

Thi«»  genus  in  very  elose  to  Xt/riehthgn,  from  tvhieh  it  differs  chiefly  in 
bnving  the  upper  profile  of  the  head  more  or  less  obtiiHi*,  not  ciiltriite; 
the  preorbitrtl  is  less  elevated  th»n  In  Xyrichthyg.  and  the  Hrst  2  dors.il 
»piui'M  are  lluxible,  somotiuiej)  Hpuced,  prodiice<l,  or  otherwise  distinguished 
fYom  the  other)),  bnt  not  fonuiiig  a  separate  Hu;  ventrnls  sometimes  pro- 
duced;  cheeks  nuked,  or  with  a  tew  small  scales  below  the  eye.  Speeies 
mther  numerons;  the  group  apparently  intergrading  with  Xyriehthi/t, 
(noi'arula,  razor;  /^Ot';,  tish.) 

tt.  'r>rMuiit4*rtiir  nplneH  iif  (IfirHal  t}(^xiliU<,  ftuuicttmi'H  rlevat^Ml,  nlwnvH  different  fruin  the 
rfiiiaiuiug  •piuca:  Tviilml  linii  niiirb  prfHluotxl  in  lbi<  .idull,  iilii<rter  In  tlicyotiug: 
»  few  arulmi  Iwlow  «ye. 
b.  S<tat<*s  2.1  "T  21:  tbird  ami  I'oMrlh  uplniu  nf  ilcinuil  liiwnat.  ihB  aplupa  tlienrs 
tiliglitly  inm^tiaiiig  to  Ihii  lo^l;  aeriind  iipiDti  vimncct4Hl  by  a  mrmbnuie  with 
t.lio  (bird  ;  llrsl  and  second  Api^oB  fl<-vut«il,  1^  in  bead :  caudal  roumlix! ;  a 
iK'i'liiii  u(  ^aiiill  .traIeK  lielon-  t>;r;  liead  otherwUr  naitMl.  Color  (mule)  lii;lil 
olivr,  head  incirdyvllouinh:  ImhIv  vrilli  '1  lirownliili  croiialiuiii,  the  flrat  obwiuro 
at  Oio  nape,  th«  lual  forming  a  lilotrh  at  l>iu<'  nf  eaiidul:  a  small  yvlliivriah 
«|iot  uf  biiHK  of  caiidnl  uud  a  fainter  one  nliorc  it;  rlii-eka  and  lover  jaw 
banded;  an  oUvc  blot^'li  on  opcrele;  aome  brown  dots  Imhiud  kvo;  dor»«l 
<diriT>"  rtil,  jiidrr  pmloriorly,  durki'xt  on  prudacod  anterior  ray*;  eaadal 
IMilv;  an»l  rb><rry  T<'d.  with  2iI|miI8  of  d»e|M<r  r<sl;  (M-iloraU  plain,  rentrnla 
deep  cherry  rvd.  Kenialr.  urani-e  bitivn.  inneb  niottlcd.  S  crow  boiida, 
darker  and  broador  lliao  in  Ibc  male;  2  yellow lubliruHO  IhuiiU  oonMa  from 
eyv  over  lower  jiivr;  2*iniilHr  IuomU  ui^rniiK  lireaat  liefora  venlTalai  eaudol 
and  ppt'tnrnlM  plain:  venlruln  di-ep  lironninb  red.  BOfllFBI,  SOMi 


1615 


Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Afuseum. 


e([Uiilti)g  clistauc*'  from  end  of  snout  to  middle  of  i-ye;  the  (iu  rapidly 
descends  to  the  fourth  8|pinr«,  wliioh  ia  ^  an  long  as  tbo  sei-oud,  then  grad- 
uiilly  risfs  to  tho  ninth  iiud  LigLo-it,  which  \»,  however,  shorter  thuu  the 
following  Halt  rays;  longest  8(ift  ray  lj|  in  Le&d;  anal  gpinoe  similar  t« 
th<iH(^  of  dorenl  tin,  tbo  longest  about  j  h<-ad;  ciiudal  evenly  c<iuv)'x,  ite 
longest  rtty  1^  in  head;  ventraU  short.  al>»iit  4  b'Dgtfa  of  h**:id.  im  elon- 
gate Hcale  bt'twtM'U  them  at  base;  pi'ctoiuls  reaching  beyond  tbe  veutrals, 
but  not  to  vent,  1}  iu  bead.  MemUraut^  of  vortical  fliiB,  with  elongate 
scales  on  iiUNal  jiortion;  iHteinl  line  follo^t-ing  outline  of  back  1  Kcnle 
bryfind  fiid  of  dorttal  tin,  tliiMici-  int«rnii)t.ed  and  rontinucd  on  ■!  scali^  of 
middle  of  ciiudal  puduncli-,  Ctilor  in  life,  very  intense  grass  green,  abont 
nnitoriii  over  thii  body;  head  more  yellow iali,  sligbfly  ])iiler  below;  oper- 
clc»  UH'sially  ii  littln  darktT;  iris  red,  with  m  grw'ii  ring;  iUh"8iU,  anal,  and 
candal  grass  gret^n,  mottled  with  light  orange;  tips  of  lower  spines  green. 
of  short  ones  orange;  vcutrals  deep  green,  the  luembrawes  largidjr orange; 
pectorals  light  ye!lowish.  Length  2jf  inches.  West  Indies  north  to  Key 
West,'  rare.  Ht;ro  deHcribed  frow  the  typo  of  Ihtratonotim  thalaaain«», 
olitained  with  a  seine  in  oclgrass  at  Key  WoHt,  One  of  the  uiost  bean- 
tiful  of  .'Vmericau  lisbes.     (utytrc,  ]a,rgo;  A.cn'/c,  soale.) 

Doratonottf  vuiiateinM,  QCrrHKu.  Cat.,  iv,  12!i,  1862,  St.  Kitta;  JoRDAK,  ReTiaw  Tjibruiil 

FUht«  OSJi,  1890. 
Doraionotiit  thaloMintu,  JoRDAK  &  GiLOBirr,  Tror,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mua.  1884,28,  Key  Wect. 

(Type,  No,  34999,  C.  S.  U.  M.    Coll.  Jonlau.) 

64a.  XYRULA,  .lordan. 

Xyruio,  Jordan.  Review  of  LabrDid  Flilies.  AM,  1890  {fetna). 

Scales  very  large,  about  20  in  the  l.'iteial  line,  whioh  is  placed  on  the 
first  row  of  large  scaloH  below  tbe  dorsiil  slie»th ;  head  not  tivucbaut  above, 
otherwise  us  in  Xiirichtht/s,  A  (>ingie  speciiM)  from  rather  deep  water.  (A 
diiuiuutive,  suggested  by  Xyrichih^t.) 

S093.  XTBVLA  lESSlX  iJonlui). 


IleadSj);  depth  Sk.  D.  IX, 12;  A.  (probably)  III,  12;  srales about f-20-7. 
Body  oblong,  riithor  moro  elongate  and  rather  less  comiiressed  than  in 
sjiecics  of  Xyrichlln/ii.  Head  rather  loss  deep  and  loss  trenchant  anteriorly 
and  Hnpuriorly  tlmu  in  X.ii^Hlaoiin,  itn  [interior  oatliue  boldly  convex 
rather  than  ]mntbolie.  Depth  of  gireorldtal  from  eye  to  angle  of  mouth 
2|  in  head  (l^^*;,  in  .\.  psHliuiin),  C'loft  of  tuouth  l|  in  head;  anterior  in- 
cisors strong,  ;  as  in  .y. imllacus.     Kyu  nioderaU>,  4}  in  bead.    No  trace  of 


*0f  thU  exquisite  IKtle  llah  only  5  speoinien*  arvknoiro:  (1)  Tbe  ty p«  of  i>. nuvral«|>i(> 
■  a]>«clraen  In  poor  oooditian  from  St.  Kittx :  (2)  tli4>  typo  of  t).  ihalatrinuii,  a  inMrimeii  in 
fine  i>iiiirUtii.ra  irwn  Key  We»i.  ntivr  in  (Iir  I".  S.  Njitiimn]  Mnaeuni.  |3)  a  Uiini  a|K>CJmeii 
8«nt  by  ProfeMMtr  Posy  from  linTana  tn  Ihc  mnneiiin  »t  i;Hnil>r1rtKe:  and  (4)  2  HiMtci- 
nieiu)  t«keu  by  Or.  .Tamoa  A.  Hensliall  at  Uanlen  Key.  Tlii>a«  last  apwimrnx  have  lhi> 
anout  leiia  slender  tUau  in  the  origical  lypra,  )nit  tlii»  rlitlorrane  niny  tx'  due  t<>  their 
grvalvr  ngi<. 

Vfr  linvr  llttlr  rioulit  i>f  (lio  identity  nf  D.  fAatawiiiiiji  nritli  P.  mrgalejiU.  Ilie  alight  dlf- 
fvrt'Dt'tv-i  Id  tUo  de»criptiDtia  being  QiiparCDlly  duo  to  tbe  poor  condition  of  Dr.  Giintber'a 
■pouiiuuuB. 


I 


rdan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  Atmriai.     1613 


RCiilefi  iin  cheeks;  length  of  cheek  a  liltlp  more  than  i  itn  heinht  (much 
lesfi  than  |  In  X.  piiiltacus).  Si-a!ca  very  Inrge,  the  lateral  lino  runaing 
aliiiil,'  the  liui'k  on  tho  liret  complete  series  of  sculi-a.  (Owing  to  the  iujn- 
riej!  whiih  the  specimen  hus  receivcil  tho  nnmher  of  sculea  cun  not  be 
exactly  •■iiuiitfMl.  It  Ik,  luiwover,  ap])arcnlly  20  nr21.)  ttetwfieu  thesixtli 
N]>tnc  and  the  Aeventli  Hoft  riiy  of  tho  ilorHnl  X  hcuIfa  ri^riiain.  In  tln^  sMinu 
dinttmci'  on  \. I'xiltaciit  tlicrp  iire  U  MCiiica,  the  tot.il  niiniber  in  th»>  lateral 
line  heint*  about  27.  Tlio  fiim  iire  all  injiireil  by  the  (li;;eHtive  process,  ainl 
are  not  evitli-ntly  <lill'Kr<>iiL  from  similar  parts  in  .Y.  |»«i(fac«ii.  The  tiursal 
spines  seem  nitlifr  more  Htemler,  the  iinterior  Hjiini'S  not  prodiiei'il,  tlio 
8«)ft  rayH  (if  the  \«*ntraU  fil;tiiientotiH.  Color  in  life,  nniforui  scarlet  red; 
tho  aidoH  more  yellowit^h ;  ihi  lilne  H]iotH  or  linen  anywhere.  Snapper 
Banks  oil'  'I'^nnpa  Hay,  Florida;  from  the  Ntoniach  <jf  a  large  grotiper;  the 
typo  in  rather  bail  condition  on  at'comit  of  having  been  partly  dig08te<l, 
lv«u{{:th  uf  typical  example  6f  inchea.  (Named  for  Mrs.  Jessie  Knight 
.lordan.) 


XyHththi/f  jtiuiir.  Ji>Ri>A.N,  Vrw.  V.  S.  Xat.  Miu.  1887,  ffiW,  off  TsmpB  Bay. 

.t943fl.     Coll  Oiiiii.  11.  nullriiuu.l 
Xffrula  jfMitp,  JouDAN.  I{6view  Laliruid  Fialirt. 65a,  18M. 


(TJIM!,  No. 


643.  NOVACULICHTHYS,  Bleeker. 


ynvaeullrlithyi,  BLIKKIill.  I'rou.  Zcxil.  S«c.  London  18C1,4U  {macriilffidnhu) . 
Diinalaeoeentnu.  Illli.,  Prw.  Ac.  Nnl.  S<-i.  Phiia.  1883,  2'i'>  (taUommni ,  "  rtint  (wn  ilrirsul 
spines  inuro  or  lew  (Iptxlii-d." 

This  genns  is  very  rlo.'fe  to  Xyrichlhyx,  from  which  it  diffcra  chielly  in 
hiiving  tho  upper  profile  of  tlio  head  more  or  l«8>i  obtn.Hc,  not  cultrale; 
tho  preorhitftl  i.H  le8.s  clevatwl  than  in  Xyricklhiiit.&ml  tho  first  2  dornal 
spines  are  ilnxihie,  aometinies  spaced,  prodnceil,  or  otherwisu  distinguished 
from  tho  otbcTH,  but  not  forming  a  separate  flu;  vontnils  nomdtimes  pro- 
duced; cheeks  naked,  or  with  :i  few  small  scales  below  the  eye.  Species 
rather  numcrouH;  the  group  aitparently  intcrgrading  with  Xyrickthift. 
(woi'fliii/d,  razor;  /.t'"'?,  lish.) 

0.  Twosut«rii>r  ajiinna  iiT  dorsal  lli-xibli',  nonielimrfi  fleratMl,  nlwiiv"  dinerrni  frum  (lie 
roiiiaiiiiiig  a|iini-s:  vnulrul  Hnn  iniirli  proilui.prl  lu  tho  »didt,  alinrt<<rlli  tlie  juuug; 
t>  tttr  si-alM  l>c)ow  cth. 
b.  Scales  21  or  34:  Iblrd  and  fourth  aplnnt  »f  dnrHnl  lowval,  llit-  Hptniri  thenc« 
slightly  iiicn'Hiiui|£  t4t  ttit.*  last;  iwr«»ud  tipino  uunaectf;*!  by  »  ineinbnuie  with 
thelhini,  HrHtand  nei'nnd  nidoea  cU'vuted,  1)  in  head:  cautluL  raundud:  a 
HiTies  of  niiiikll  seal™  ImUiw  iiyc;  head  otherwlno  tiak>.-<l-  Color  (iiiaK)  lijjht 
oltvf,  lira<:l  inari>y*'ll"wt'*h :  hndy  will] .'»  UrownlMh  itohh  Ii:h.s,  llie  tlrHtobKi'iirr; 
at  llin  nape,  the  Ijiat  fornihi);  ti  hUAvh.  at  buH*'  of  caudal;  a  tonall  yt^l!iiHi?tti 
Hpnt  at  baac  uf  caiiilnl  loid  a  raiiitcr  (Mh«  nbnrct  it;  tluflka  ami  lower  fnw 
bnudiMl:  au  olivp  blotib  on  uptTcUs  80im>  brown  ilols  iiobiiid  vy;  <lor»al 
cbfrry  ri-il,  puliT  ponti^rhiirly,  darke-nt  on  prodnL'til  giidt-'Hor  rays:  caudal 
palp;  aiirtl  ihtrrrj- nd.  with  2  ap<its  of  dsi^jnr  reil;  pt-clorals  plaiu;  VEntrols 
■lis«|>  rlierry  rod.  Feiiinlc.  orango  hrown.  auirli  iiiotllcd.  '>  1  ruas  banda, 
darki-ranil  broader  tbaa  in  flic  niale;  2  ycUnwixli  liinwn  lian<U  acroaa  I'rom 
oye  oviT  biMer  jaw:  2  niniilar  luiuda  ncrosa  brawt  before  veutralii;  caudal 
and  iMM'toraN  plaiu :  vculralit  divp  brawrnUh  red.  nostl'BS,  2024. 


1614  Bulletin  47  <  Unikd  Slates  National  Museum. 


Ml.  SraliHi  20;    donui]  unil  randul  fninll]' borrrd,    vpDtrals  inneh  pTodac«4l,  tbbir 
i:olur  pcarl.Y  ;  flnit  2  (lumal  npinoM  floxilile.  ikiI  imii:b  |>ru<luo«L 

mrnuaa.  202S. 

oa.  Tvo  Bnleriuriiplaoii  of  doina]  Rimiliirtotlie  ulhere,  mine  of  tijvm  pangent:  TentrmU 

nindoratr,  nut  rcnrliing  noal. 

e.  Cllwk  Im-Jiiw  ryu  with  ■  raw  of  4  or  S  sluall  «cale8;  IhsikI  3^:  depth  3^;  acaloi 

'/7 \  i^TayUli,  dontoi  edged  with lUkrkcr;  axil  blaokUb.  «oni<<  utrcaks  on  heod. 

ixnuics,  3090. 
re.  Cbeuk  lielotr  aye  without  (irjtlcH;  ODtorior  proHlu  of  the  lioad  not  very  steep 
•lid  not  tnuirUant:  b»ail  3]  in  1i'U|:lli;  depth  3|;  •■■jilr.s  2-29.  Color  in 
tipiriln,  n-ildiali,  the  tlnn  darii  (la  the  innlv) :  head  without  esident  hlui' 
llnMi  0  ldiu<  vertii'al  tilrenk  on  wwb  »c4tle.  an  in  other opocien :  DoHilverj' 
lilotcli,  auil  no  inky  *\nA  on  limiy.  MjlBTDriCENaiii,  SOST. 


•iVilK.  Mtr.ll'I Ml  HTIIIS  tlDKIPES  (Jnrdui  &:  QilbeH). 


Head  3|;  rteptli  3U  D.  IX,  13;  A.  Ill,  12;  ecalea  2-23  or  24-8.  Body 
■baiiilj'  compresHed  .ind  nl'  niodonte  lu-ight,  1be  anterior  jirolil<-8  not  com- 
pri'Hsed  to  n  sh.'irp  oilgi',  Itii^  ii|ipi'r  {>i-olile  ituscending  iu  :i  re^lnr  gentle 
riirvi!  from  dornal  tin  Id  end  of  suoiit,  tlnis  iiiinh  less  nenrly  vertical  than 
iu  luoKt  »pocie8  of  liie  f;cnu8;  the  snout  {'oiujiarjt lively  long  Hnd  ])ointed, 
th<i  preorbital  low;  uijivilhiry  nc.irly  retlcliiu;;  vertical  fruiu  front  of  orldt, 
?t\  in  he:ul;  tet'tli  as  iisnal,  mi  pvBterior  ciiuiues;  Leight  of  pTcurbit»l  5^ 
iu  bend;  oyo  lurge,  1|  tinier  isiternrbital  >%'idtli,  3iJ  iu  head  (in  young); 
<Hstnii('0  from  snout  to  eye  J  head;  a  HcrieHof  Htiiall  Hcale.t  below  oye,  bead 
(ilberwise  n:itit'(l.  Two  antpriur  dursal  Npin*-a  (In  young)  mucb  elevated, 
with  liliiiiieiiiotis  tiiiH,  tlii'ir  leuglh  {j  that  of  liiMid;  the  third  or  fourth 
B|iit)o  is  thv  lowest,  tlie  npiin's  fliein^e  slightly  iin'reaninK  to  tlie  l;i«t;  sec- 
ond Bjiiiie  L'oiniected  by  nieuiHtiiue  with  the  third;  loui^est  soft  ray  of 
dorsal  alioiit  2]  in  lie.iid;  eatidul  liiniidiMl.  It  iulicud;  ventruls  1};  pe<'- 
torjils  1^.  The  ytmiiK  iiinio  di-Bcrilied  abnvcj  '1  liielieH  long,  bad  the  fol- 
lowiij;^  roloration  in  life:  Light  olive,  scarcely  paler  below,  the  bead 
more  yelhiwiah;  Imdy  with  5  irregular  brownish  cross  base,  the  first 
oliMciiro  at  the  nape,  the  l:i,<<t  I'oriinDg  a  blott'b  at  base  of  raiidal;  a  suiall 
yellowiwh  »pol  !it  iiiidille  of  linse  of  enudul  and  ;»  fainter  "tie  above  it;  a 
dark-olive  band  downward  I'roiii  eye,  with  ii  a]iot-lilt.e  band  <if  the  same 
rolor  before  it,  and  another,  whirh  beeoini'S  j-ellow,  on  the  elieek  behind 
it;  all  H  of  these  )iaas  around  the  lower  jiiw;  an  olive  blotch  un 
opercle;  some  brown  dots  behind  eye;  dorwil  cherry  retl,  paler  poster- 
iorly, darkest  on  the  prodiieeel  anterior  rtiys;  eaiidal  pale,  scarcely  tinged 
Willi  nrMlsli;  anal  ehrrry  red,  the  lat'Ct'a]  slrijies  fortning  '1  spots  of 
dei'iier  red  on  the  lin  ;  peet«iral  jilaiu  ;  veiifrala  deep  eherry  red.  A  second 
Kjirriineu,  BUiiiller  in  i«ize,  prnb.-ibly  the  IViiiale  of  llie  specie.s,  had  a  dif- 
t'ereiit  roloralion,  as  I'oHowh:  Orange  brown,  everywhere  iiineb  mottled, 
ihi' edges  of  niiiiiy  Hi-ab'H  bting  lirown.  tlif  brown  bcroniing  yellowish  on 
lower  parts,  r>  brown  itohm  bands  ilarker  and  broadiT  than  iu  the  other 
specimen,  the  lirst  at  nape,  the  last  at  liase  of  candal,  euiling  behind  iu  ii 
sharply  delitied  eiinve.\  curve;  two  yellovviitb-brown  bands  aerosa  from 
eye  over  lower  .jaw;  tip  of  lower  jaw  of  the  same  color;  2  similar 
blinds  nerosB  bretist  before  ventral.**:  ilor-^al  and  anal  truns|iarent,  except 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1615 


whcro  eroflsed  hy  the  bnnds;  c:iii(i:il  and  pertarnlH  |ilaiti,  x-cntnils  deep 
browiiisli  red.  Key  West.  Twn  spefimons  nru  knmTii,  bntli  yonng.  The 
:idnlt  will  probiibly  be  found  to  iippro;ii-h  tlie  fSniyiliaii  species,  .YorarM- 
livbthyn  tplrndriif  (Ciistehiiiu)  in  form  nnd  o<}Iuruti(>ii,  probably  bjiving  the 
2  dorHal  Kpincs  lower  iinrt  the  voutrsiln  longer  thuti  iti  lh<j  ywiiig.  The 
yoim;{  of  NovaculicHhyii  tplendrns  hiiH  the  oiiiidal  b:irred,  ivliilo  in  -V.  ro»ipei 
it  ia  plain;  wo  have  iiotired  ikmiIIht  rhiiriicters  by  which  the  young  of 
the  2  c;in  be  Bcpiiriitt-cl.  The  iidiilt  of  yoiaftilirhlkyn  gpleiiiletit  bus  :iii 
iuky-bliK-k  liitcrul  blnt4'h  juirroiiudcd  by  ailvwiy.  Iroiviit.  rosy;  pi-»,  foot, 
from  tho  red  ventrala.) 

XijricMhijt  roti'jirr,  JiintiAX  4;  fllLBKnT,  1V>0.  V.  3.  N'nI.  Mils,  l(i*(,  27,  Key  West  doll. 
JonUutI ;  JoKDA.f,  Kevicw  LabrniU  Kiiiliea,  ASM,  18W). 


MSS.  NOTACULU'HTHTH  TKXTRALIK  ( Bnin). 

Hea<l  3a ;  depth  3}.  D.  IX,  12;  A.  HI,  12;  V.  I,  5;  P.  11;  scales  2-26-8. 
Body  rompreiwed,  of  niodeiate  height;  iippor  profile  of  Lead  not  forming 
a  very  Hhjirp  ed^*';  ])r"filo  de.Mi-eudinc  in  a  v<'ry  vcijnlai'  curve  from  begin- 
ning tif  dorxal  to  tip  <>i'  KUnut;  snout  ronipiuatively  short  and  blunt;  pre- 
orbital  low,  its  width  iit  niiglc  of  tiiimth  equaling  length  of  c*ye;  nnixillary 
Bi-ftr<'oly  n-;iching  vuititid  I'roin  frout  of  orbil,  :i*  in  heiid.  Two  strong 
caniiieH  in  front  of  ench  jaw.  tho.-w  of  the  inandibhi  being  m-oived  within 
tito  in;)\i]lary  cnninrH;  both  setH  of  ciiniuea  with  \\  l.itinil  and  backward 
iiiiTo;  iu>  posterior  caiiine.H.  Eye  dJNtiint  f'nnn  uppi>r  jiroljle  only  about 
j^  of  its  cliiiinetur,  wbiidi  is  i:oiitj»ined  U  tituu.H  in  ils  disliim-o  from  tip  of 
Hiiout,  and  JS  times  in  length  of  head  with  opciciil.'ir  llii]);  a  few  I'aiut 
rudimeiita  of  sniiea  Ui'liind  ami  Helnw  orliit;  intororldtn!  width  ci|ti)ilto 
short  diameter  of  eye;  Mtioiit  'A  in  bond;  first  2  dorsal  xpinos  llexilde.  hIi-ii- 
ilercr  than  the  others,  but  not  evirlently  ditlerentiated  from  tho  rest  of  Iho 
Itn;  length  of  firtst  spine  ulniost  ^  that  of  head;  second  apiiie  sli);litty 
Hhort«r  than  the  first ;  third  xpiiie  'A  in  head;  ninth  spine  slightly  longer 
than  third;  tirst  soft  ray  2Jl  in  head;  last  ray  5  in  body;  unul  spines  mod- 
erate, tho  tliinl  a.H  long  as  third  s|iine  iH'  dorsal :  last  anal  ray  J  as  long  as 
head;  caudal  slightly  rouinled.  <>  in  body;  first  ventral  ray  produced, 
extending  to  base  of  fourth  anal  ray  ;  pecturjil  as  loug  u.s  lieml  without  snout. 
Lateral  lino  piercing  20  .-itajes  before  the  iciterrnption,  whi<li  oci  nrs  under 
tenth  ray  of  dois^il.  Color  in  npirila,  jinrplish-gray ;  a  broad  streak  of 
solfertno  in  middle  of  sides,  beginning  ncjir  ln'ad  and  cxti'iitiiug  bai'k  to 
above  middle  of  anal,  the  width  of  tliisstripe  nrnertaiu.  but  probably  1  wii'e 
that  of  the  eye;  iris  sollerino  with  u  narrow  lia;lit  cirelo  aruund  pnjiit; 
Heveral  itiirrow  stripes  a  little  (tarkcr  than  the  biuly  color  from  the  eye  over 
[>reorbiti(l  and  idieek  ;  a  similar  stripe  running  ahuo.st  vertically  on  oper- 
eb-;  dornal  uuittled  withdosky;  <itliei'  tins  pearly,  except  candal,  which 
is  s!i;rbt!y  dark,  with  n  li;;bf,  niar>;in,  and  anat,  which  itbow.H  .some  fiiint 
tnottlings  in  alcohol.  Another  young  individual  57  mm.  long  is  pvobalily 
of  the  same  species.  Tho  lirst  2  dorsnl  spines  are  tlexible,  thti  others  stiff; 
the  ventral  ncftrcely  reaches  the  anal  origin;  a<'roBs  th«  top  of  the  head 
fend  book  are  9  or  10  light  blotches,  some  of  these  being  continne<l  down 


1616  Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


theBi(|p«,  fomiing^  nbont  fi  distinct  bands.  Coznmel  iBlikiul,  Yncatau:  2 
HpecimeiiM.  (Keuii).  \ery  ci*)fn^U>  y.ro»ipf»  tuidN-tphntleHt;  |>OKgil>ly  the 
a<Itilt  of  the  foi-tner,     (rmlralu,  perUiininK  to  the  belly,  from  th«*  long 

vontraU.) 

Xyrichlhy  renlralit,  KCAN,  liul).  V.  S.  FIhIi  Cumm.  1888,  IM,  pi.  'sa,  11k.  1,  Cotumcl  (CnO.  Dr. 
Ikrao.     Type,  So.  37077  h  <Tnilt>AN,  Rm-icw  Ijibmid  Fiobos.  6&9,  18M). 

S08B.  .NUTJkl'riiU'llTHl'N  IXFIBXrH  (Dnin). 

Head  3} ;  ilepth  3}.     D.  IX,  12;   A.  Ill,  12;  V.  1, 6;   P.  11 ;  »raU<»  3-27-11. 

Kami  of  hixly  shiiihir  to  that  i>f  A".  rentraViD,  the  flesoerit  of  th''  profilo 
tin)fc  iibrii|it,  the  Npecii'M  in  Una  ruspcrt  bt-ariiig  more  regcniblnnri'  to  -T. 
p»i!titeiis ;  ujipiT  ]tri)ll[r  of  lienrl  not  forming  a  very  sharp  eilgc;  snniit 
conijiariilivelj'  Mhort  luid  blunt;  tlic  prenibital  very  much  higher  than  in 
.V.  rtn(raU» ;  the  shortest  iliHtaDcc  from  the  angle  of  luoiitli  to  eye  nearly 
twici'  Iciii;th  of  eye;  maxillary  not  rcochitig  vertical  from  front  of  orbit, 
ita  length  4  ill  bead;  ftiuiines  as  in  .Y.  ntttralii :  <-yo  diatant  from  tipjier 
proGlf  nearly  {  of  it»  diftniet<-r,  which  \n  6  iu  head  and  more  than  2  in 
8MOI11 ;  interorbital  width  I'qiial  to  length  of  eye;  a  few  scales  below  the 
iit'bit;,  iliHtaiici'  from  .xiiotit  to  i?yo  'J.\  in  ln'ttd.  All  dorsal  8]iiue8  flexible, 
jiud  of  alioitt  etjnal  lengtli ;  third  npinc  3  in  head;  Inft  soft  ray  very 
alightly  pr"diie»'ii,  and  ab^nt  'J  j  in  hend  ;  anal  spint'B  very  weolt,  the  tliird 
B])iiii'  about  ;4  iu  head;  last  iinal  ray  little  1«88  than  3  in  head  ;  randal 
nearly  tninralo,  iu  Boiiio  Kiu-i-iniens  th«  middle  rays  very  slightly  longer 
than  oxturiiul  rayit,  the  uiiddlo  rayx,  from  the  end  of  thu  scales,  7  m 
Ivugth  of  body  to  base  of  caudal ;  ventral  Kpiou  slender  auil  weak,  first 
ray  reaching  about  to  vent;  vi^ntral  about  H  in  head  and  li  in  body:  pec- 
toral nearly  i>»  long  as  vetitr.tl ;  Literal  line  pieroiiig  20  scales  before  the 
int-erruptioii,  the  tweulietli  walo  being  nndor  tenth  ray  of  dorsal;  scales 
of  breast  and  ubdonieu  winch  smaller  than  any  of  the  cithers;  posterior 
angle  of  moat  of  the  scalea  nt^itely  produced.  Color  in  spirita,  light  nli  ve 
gray,  the  dorriiil  and  anal  fiiLs  being  darker  except  along  their  basal  por- 
tions; axil  of  pectoral  very  dark,  the  <lark  blotch  souietinies  bordorett 
behind  by  woveriil  bliiisb  streaks  on  the  scales;  3  iitirrow  stripes  e.vtending 
i^oui  the  eye  over  the  prcorbital  mid  cheek  ;  interoiierete  with  6  or  Tshort, 
nearly  vertical,  lines  of  bliUKh  ;  irisgolferiiio  ;  the  darki-olor  of  the  dorsal 
more  i>rouounced  on  the  epinciiis  portion.  C'ozumel.  Vncatnu,  (Bean);  four 
speciineUH  known.  Evidently  elnso  to  Xoraculitlithi/x  marliHiceHtiii,  but 
probably  disttugiiieihed  by  the  dusky  nsil  and  the  scales  <in  the  cheeka. 
(infirmun,  limp,  Moxible.) 

Xyriehfhy  in/irinm,  Beam,  Bull.  V.  8.  Fif>h  Coiiim.  18X8,  IM,  pi.  29.  tg.  2.  Coxumel  (Coll.  T. 
H.  Beiin.    Type,  No.  a7oT6) ;  Jobua.-*,  Kivicvr  LabroM  Fi»lioM,  0«0, 1890. 

90S7.  >'0T.irri,U'IITIIY8  ]|ABTIMrEX8II«  (Cnvier  &  TnloncJenaM). 

ne(Wl  3*;  depth  31.  1).  IX,  12;  A.  in,  IL';  scales  2-29-0.  Dorsal  spines 
slmil.ir,  all  soft  and  lle,\ible.  Ventral  bus  moderate,  not  n-aching  anal. 
not  produced  iu  ;i  long  lilumeut;  no  Hiiiall  scales  below  eye;  body  more 
elongate  than  in  .Xiirieliihiis  }m!tnru»,  the  anterior  ]>rotilo  of  the  head  le«a 
steep  and  Icmh  trenchant.     Color  in  mpiritit,  reddish,  the  tins  dark  {in  tb<« 


J 


Jordan  and  Evennann, — Fishes  of  North  Amfrica.     1617 


malci);  head  witliont  evident  blue  lines;  a  blue  vortical  streak  uii  each 
Hcale,  as  in  otber  spin-ioa;  no  Hilvery  Mnti-Ii,  and  ik>  inky  spnt  on  body. 
Martinic|Tie.  Hora  drBcrilu'd  from  the  oriyiiiiil  typos  of  ninrfiii/rfii*i'x  und 
rUla  iu  the  iDUBeurii  ut  Paris.  Tlie  2  ihb  not  evidently  different,  iiltbouj^h 
they  lire  not  in  very  pund  coudition  for  oumparisuD.  TLo  cliuructere  of 
thJB  Bpei'iex  tirt>  yet  to  bo  iniidu  out  fruiii  fresb  speoimeim.  {mariinicenfAt, 
from  Martiiiic|ii<'.) 
TU<!  following  ur<5  our  ijotoe  on  the  types  of  these  noininal  §peoiea: 
Xyrichtht/i  vmrliiiicentiH:  Kiglit  speciiiienH,  tilmut  .135  itiiu.  long,  in  poor 
condition  i  Murtiuir|iie.  (Ganiot.)  Color  fadi'd ;  1  8jii.H'imen  (tunle)  with 
dark  tins.  Anterior  prolilo  rather  lefts  trcui-hant  tliiin  in  .V.  pgitlaeut. 
Canines  strong, 4  on  ear-h  Hide.  No  Bcales  on  bead.  Anterior  doraal  spines 
Dot  produred;  none  of  the  spines  pnngent.  Me.id  .Sj)  in  Itingth;  depth 
about  tho  game.     Smles  29. 

Xyrichlhyn  ritia:  From  the  "Cabinet  dii  Stailhoiider ;"  ,14  mm.  long. 
Specimen  a  littlt-  dei-por  Ihnn  thL>.  typetiof  X.  maHimneH»i*  (hea<i3};  depth. 
5H|  but  apparently  not  otherwise  dillernnt.  A  yellowish  streak  along 
sides  where  the  mnsctes  join  (perliapa  not  evident  in  life). 

JCyricACAyf  martinifeniii>,  CCVIEH  tV  VAI.EilCIE.-nm8.  Hitt.  Nut.  rtiian.,  XIT.  40.  ISHD,  Martin- 
ique; JOBDAN.  Prill'.  U.S.  Nnt  Mil*.  ISM.Ml  <in>t«oii  typp):  Jobuak,  lieview  Laliruid 
FiahM.  OAS,  18(10. 
XyricAfAj/f  i>ifto,  CCYIEB  i:  Valenoikhnbs,    Hiat.  Nat.  rolaa.,  xiv,  SI,  183S,    no  locality 
I^Ten ;  JoRtjAN,  I'roc.  D.  S.  Nat.  HnH.  1888,  &41  (iii>t<^i  <iu  type). 

yovaeula  martiniceniit,  liUflTuiB,  (^at.,  iv,  171, 1802. 

644.  XYRICHTHYS.  Cuvier. 

Xyriehlhyi,  CmKR,  MAmoirei)  dn  Miia^'iim  il  Hiat.  Nat.,  I,  324.  32S,  1815  (noraeula). 
Xotanilo.  Cn\iE:R,  Ki^)^e  Animal.  £•!.  I.  'SK>  1817  ( riorartdn I ;  Nurufuta  of  Klbkxsr  and 

GL^NTiiKB,  not.  A'oi>ii(ni{<i,  UtI.L.,  wliirli  is  UfmiptrreHnluii  of  Lacepi^ok  and  Blexkek, 

a  genua  diflting^iiialied  from  IniijittTtM,  GlIJ.,  by  it*  aculy  clinekH. 
AmorphocejjhaUit.  IJoWDJcn.  Exc.  Ma<Ioira,  'J3H.  18U.'>  (rrranuJdfMjr). 

Body  oblong,  compressed,  deepest  behind  the  occiput,  thence  ta])eriiig 
backward.  Head  very  Hhort  atid  deep,  tbt^  pioQlc  ahnoat  vertical,  the 
iipppr  and  anterior  ontlineH  coiupre.sBud  to  a  sburi*  ed^e;  prolilo  paraboJio. 
Freiirbit:il  vr.'ry  dii*p,  Kyes  sniall,  high,  placed  near  the  top  ol"  the  h«>ad. 
Mouth  Btnnll,  low;  2  anterior  canines  in  each  jaw,  no  posterior  c.-iiiinea. 
Cheek  and  ojiereslos  ttaki-d,  or  ivith  only  a  fuw  very  small  scales  b'dow 
the  eye.  Scale*  large,  with  mcniliranaceoufi  edgps,  about  26  in  a  longi- 
tinlinal  series;  the  luter.il  linL*  ruindnn  on  the  aerond  row  of  larfje  scales 
liflow  the  dorsal  shiviih;  lateral  line  iiitcrriipteil  tiebind,  coiumencin).; 
again  lower  down  i<n  the  caudal  peduncle.  Dorsal  fin  roiitmnons,  with  9 
piingentspinesessentially  alike.  Colors  brilliiiiit.  Tropical  seas.  (ivpi\t', 
razor;  /jr6«^'5,  flub.) 

A    Blaok  otipllna  larKer  than  eye  at  baae  of  laudnl,  Jnitt  )>nlaw  luteral  line;  none  nn  dor- 
aal  Hd.  iftnnnrEPn,  '.tKS. 

on.  niack  nrcllun  wnnting,  not,  prr«nDt  anywhim"  on  liody  or  on  flna  In  cither  Bri. 

6.  Scaleif  "if  «iil"s  iif  t>o<iy  vm'h  with  a  vertifjd  liliie  spat.     r.Bunrnl  culcir  niiiro  or 
litsH  rtni;   agile  of  ImhIv  witli  n  ditTuHu  silvery  urea  bvlow  Mtiil  li«Liiud  tbe 


10 1 8  Bulletin  :).  J,  Uniled  States  National  Museum. 


p«c(<irnl  tin,  oflrn  \irnlitin;z  i<r ilisapprarin^  in  spirits:  scalM  hclow  this  »r«ii 

wltU  {><:u'ly  v<"rticiil  'flreiiks .  color  ronv  reJ  of  brownlsb,  with  a  blae  vprtl- 

cal  •ireak  cm  ouch  aeikli'i    verlinil  lilin'  xiroiiks  »ii  tli«  li>'4i<t,  fts  In  oiber 

>peci«a;  maleH  (in  life,  atwaja)  with  u  durk  dmI  itohsi  sIukIi    bvhiml  |>w- 

toralii,  thi*  diaappmruif;  in  ii|>krit«;  iioi-«nl  inniiiKnlat^".  luiiil  irjilj  iil>li<]iie 

Tiitlacf-oiis  wtrrulsH;   cjiixlal  with  0  or  8  dark  croAa  otrealia.     Ilrad  3(  tn 

length;  ili'pth  Z\\  e.r<i  kiihiU,  5)  in  lisml:  Rfiili'A  3-26-S.  psnT.kcna.  3il2S 

£A.  Scale*  oT  hIiIih  •>!'  bwlr  wiiliimt  ljlm>  apola;  bcail  with  but  5  vertical  atrmka 

uT  blue.    Color  i-tti,  tho  Unit  urarly  plain  -,  a  tvt\  axiUar  liaiMl,  diaappeariDi; 

lu  spirite ;  irla  nnl;  caudal  truncate;  vthorwisc  ua  In  A',  y&illtieiu.  of  vrhich 

it  \b  prnlialily  a  rolur  variety .  MuHiiSTfS.  2030. 

SOSH.  XTltlCllTIMN  MlI^niCRFS,  GilL 

Heail  3^;  depth  aliotit  3^,  the  malus  ileeiter  than  females.  D.  IX,  12;  A. 
Ill,  11 ;  Hcale«  2-lil-9.  Anterior  {irolile  of  heiul  parabolic ;  preorbital  very 
de«p,  ita  depth  i  the  head ;  ey<i  near  top  of  head,  its  diameter  not  i 
depth  of  preovlatal;  anterior  profiU>  of  tlit?  head  more  or  Ii'sh  trenchant; 
iiaiiully  u  lj|ue<  vertical  bar  on  fai;1i  scale,  lli-nd  in  male  with  blue  vertical 
Btripeo;  a  blark  ucL-lltislargerthaiieyoatbaai^ol  caudal,  Just  lifilow  lateral 
line,  none  on  dornal  liii ;  3  coiictjiitrii',  blue,  curved  line.8  on  flap  of  oi)ercIe; 
H  narrow  blue  liiieB  ncrosst  cheek;  a  violet  vertical  lino  on  base  of  each 
soule;  lower  Jaw  with  iiiiuii'riin»  liiieH;  tins  pale,  iiumurkcd;  female  plain 
lijjht  brown,  witliunf  niarkio^s  on  head  or  body.  A  very  handsoiue  spt^cieH 
known  iVoiu  iiutneroiiH  tiperiuteuH,  tin;  original  types  and  others,  ridlected 
by  Mr.  ,bdui  XaiitiiM  at  Ciipe  Sati  I.iieas;  not  yet  Keen  eltsuwhere.  I^muudut, 
neat;  cept,  head.) 

Xifrielilhyn  muiutierps,  (iitx,  Pm.!.  Ac.  Nat.  Miw.  Sri.  IMiila.  ISBZ,  143, Cape  San  Lucas  (('oil. 

XunlUH)-  .ImiuiaN  &i;ii.htUT,  Proc.  r.  S.  Nat.  Man.  lfW2.n6T:  JiinnAN.  RfvicH  Labtuid 

riahri),  600,  1890. 
NotavuUi  mvnditeju.  UOimmR.  Cat.,  iv,  172,  IMS. 

8U2».  XVKKIITIIYS  I'SITTAl'irK  (Linnvna). 


H 


(U\ziiR  nwH.J 

Head  :U;  depth  3'..  TV.IX.1J;  A.Ill.ll;  scales  3-26  or  27-8;  eye  5i  in 
hoiid.  \ery  .Hrnall  and  clone  lo  the  prulilu;  depth  of  preorbilal,  from  eye  to 
angle  of  head,  2i',i  in  head;  lenndi  of  cheek  ninrli  less  than  i  its  height. 
Body  oblong,  very  Btrougly  eoiiiprcHsed  ;  iivolile  very  steep ;  the  ju  wb  ei|nal, 
the  canines^;  pectorals  reaching  iiaxt  tips  of  ventrals;  cauilal  rouiidiMl ;  a 
few  embedded  scali's  under  eyo;  lateral  Hue  with  the  tnbe»<  Himple.  Color 
rose  reil  or  UrowniMJi,  wiMi  a  blue  vertical  streak  on  each  scale;  vertical 
bl(H>  alreakH  oil  tlie  head;  hIiIc  of  b(»dy  with  a  dlll'iisc  silvery  area  below 
MudbebiTiil  Mu' pi'chiral  till,  ol'ten  vvatitiu>;r>r  disiippearing  inspirits;  scales 
below  this  area  with  pearly  veifical  streaks;  males  (in  life,  always)  with 
a  dark-roil  cross  .uliadt^  beliiitd  pectoruls,  this  di^ippearing  in  spirits;  dor- 
sal iininaeiilate;  aniil  with  (>bli<|ne  vioIactiiiiiM  .streaks;  caudal  with  6  or  8 
dark  cross  streaks.  West  IiiilieH,  riitlier  i  oiniiiou,  north  to  Poiisacola  and 
Charleston,  south  to  Hahia.     I.engib  1.'>  iiidies;  :i  handsome  speoiea,  per- 


Jordan  and  Ez'ermawi. — Fhhes  of  North  America.      1619 


haps  not  iliHtinrt  from  the  raitnr-tish  ( Xyrirhtliyt '  fioracitla  LinniPnii)  of  the 
Mediterrftnean.     (tl'irnikoi.  parrot.) 

Oaryphceua  pfUtaeut,*  LlXtlMi-»,  Syrt.  Nat..  Ed.  xii.  US,  1706,  Charleston.  (Coll.   Itr. 

Uardrn.) 
,Vvn«A<*y«/'/iffo«M.  Go<iiiE&  B&4K,  Proc.  r.S.N»t,  Mm.  JNM.  45 s  1885,  l0S(n"t«  nn  lyp« 

«r  Coryphitna  /inltaeiu)  t  1!kan.  Itiill.  V.  S.  Fiah  Cimini.  IgWi.  202. 
Cuiyi^ktrna  Uiifala,  0\im,vi.S)»t.  Xal.,  lisri,  I78M.  Charleston,     (Coll.  Dr.  Uanleti.) 
XifriehUiDncriiuiilu;  I'liF.Y,  Kimimirntiu,  110, 1875,  Martinique;  nubntitalv  fur  X .  lituattu, 

Ci'ViKK  Si  VALEiirii»'KK8,«n|ipowsil  U  bo  (Uflvreul  fh>ui  X.  Iini'a(u«or  (iMELiK;  Bkax. 

Bull.  r.H.  FUh  Coinm.  1888,200. 
XnricMliyf  lineattu.  Cl">nEB  &  VxtxnotcmiKH,  Hist.  Nat  Poiait.,  XtV, 50.  18.19;  Jobdan  *. 

<in.iii:RT,  I'mc.  U.  S.  Xut.  .Mns.  ItiS'J,  009;  Jojidan  is,  (ilLHRliT,  .Sjnopsis,  (m,  ItM, 
\tvaciila  liimta,  GUnthk.r.  C-il..  tv,  ITl,  I8<!3. 
Xgriehthyt  vtrtnimlatut.  Voy.\,  Meipuriao.  ii.  Iil5,  ISfiO,  Havana  (Coll.  Pot' j) ;  Jokdam  St. 

U11.BSRT,  .Synopais.  005, 1S83 ;  ISeas,  Bull.  Plali  Cnnim.  1888,  iiffi. 

■iOiM.  XYKICIITHVK  MUDESTUS,  Poey. 

Hea<t3g  in  total  with  ruuclal ;  dispth  4|.  D.  IX,  12;  A..  Ill,  II;  acalea 
28-30-10.  Body  iiiid  head  very  niiii>li  coiiiprestted ;  eve  hijirh,  r'ontained  6 
times  ill  distanci"  from  tlio  mouth  tt<  th«  poiut  of  tho  opiTi-le,  S  iti  suoiit. 
NoBciileson  hvud.  VirHt  ray  of  dorsal  stronger  than  the  others;  caudal 
triinciiti'.  Color  Ciirmim-  lake;  brown  posteriorly;  oporcle  greenish 
yellow;  h<iad  with  .'V  hlack  vertical  bands;  a  di-ep-rod  hand  tu  nxi.'d  cov- 
erinj;  hase  of  pertoral;  fiiis  pale,  scarcely  streaked ;  iris  rod.  Uitters  from 
rmiiiciildlmi  in  triuu-ato  <'aud,Tl,  longer  peftonsl.  ft-wer  stripei*  on  head,  and 
absence  of  streak.-H  on  trunk;  the  KpucM  behiuil  ]iuetornl  rod  instead  of 
brown.  Cnbii.  (Piiey ) ;  not  seen  by  us ;  evidently  very  doan  to  X.pailUKmt, 
nf  which  it  is  probably  a  C(dor  variation.     (mo(i«»tu»,  modest.) 

XDriehlliyir  iinidrxiu.i,  I'oEt,  U<<|>orlorio.  U,  'MM.  1867.  Havana  (Cull.  I'oity)  ;  POST,  SjTMipaia, 
33<,18S8;  .roWA.N,  Ko\iew  LaUrold  Kishm,  801,1800. 

645.  INIISTIUS,  rJill. 

InH*auii.Gai,  Proc.  Ac.  N»t  Scl.  Phila.  1802, !«;( (patto). 
XyrUkthy*,  IIlekkkm.  Atlas  Ii^Iilh.,  US,  1802  (jNiro) ;  not  of  CcmKR. 


•  Wo  li»To  rouipiircil  jiiiuutuiih  sptiinii-ii"  Iriini  PtMisaoola  and  riuirlcntflii,  with  all  the 
ilrjieriplloiifi  uviiijjible  ii(  llix  .Mi'ililiTruuciii]  tt{i«cieR.  luiil  tan  tiijil  iioililfert'DOe  whutever. 
Wo  art-,  however,  utiwilliujc  10  placo  A',  fmiltaeiu  in  tlif  njn<in.vniy  i>f  .V.  nusaetiUt  wtthont 
actnnl  loiiijiiiriwin  of  ej)pciiiieii».  Thi'np  Cluirliwdiii  HpiM'miinH  imm'Iu  tii  reprwiteiit  th»  j'«(. 
tarut  of  Liuiijrijit  iwti  tin*  liai-ata  of  Gmeliii.  Tbt*  vefwiculatua  nf  IVwy  B«4*nm  ro  liu  Ibo 
saiuo,  iiH  IM  aXn(\,  iu  uiti*  npiniitii,  Iuh  vrnH»tu»  [iinffitut,  f  'tivirr  ..v  Vali^nripnui^i.  I'Ih'  wbitt« 
pcntcincitl  lihiti-li  ttf  vttintltiji  in  cvitltMit  on  noto**  of  our  s]M-4-niii-iiH  and  nol  on  olhcTf.  [f 
tiio  nyiionyuiy  Imotimrl,  thiK  ni/or-Hsli  wiiulil  liuvo  adintiibiitinn  unnKimlly  wlilo  fur  a 
Lahpfifl.  X*r.  lit^jin  Hdmitu,  proviHtoDally,  X.  v*<tttifi'a  and  ..V.  rennfritltttics  a^*  ttpt't'ietf  diff. 
tioct  rniin  tli«  coinmun  AiuiTifiin  ftimi.  forwIiKh  hr  rotiiiUH  tbn  nninu  A'.r»niijr(ii».  An, 
brtwcvor,  tbo  typ<»«  nf  X.  furittorfm  i-aint^  from  Cliarli'Ston,  thi-y  Iwloii^,  probably,  to  the 
Rpvcitoi  with  II1P  piilpliitcrnl  bloti  b,  Iboonly  himh'ji'r  yt't  fuiinil  iii  tbnt  rcjsion. 

I  The  fuUowiii:;  in  lh<-  Hynnnyinv  of  Xyrirhlhiit noraeuln  (LionicUH) : 
Oolyiihftia  tuilnmii*  jmirlirf  rar'ia,  tlortu  itetiln,  ARTUd,  Grat-ro,  l.'J,  173ti;  Abtljii,  .'^yno- 

nviiibi,  'in.  nu8. 
Caryphirna  nnrarula,  Ll.NK/Erg,  SyKt.  Nat.,  F.<1.  .\,  2SJ,  1758;  after  Aktkiii. 
Xgrirlithyi  tioviinilii.  JtiKDAM.  Ui'vicw  Uibniid  Fixbis  HfiO.  189(1. 
Am'irphnfryhaluK  iriatiulatH'.  IlnwuicH.  Eic.  Matbdni,  2:ti<,  ISlIo,  Bona  Vista. 
CoryiihifiKi  linff'lala.  KapinesvI'E.  (vnr»lttiri.33, 1810.  Palermo. 
Xyriehthyt  ei-lli iiUn.  Cl'viKH  &  Valencienxeb.    Hist  Nat  Pniwt.,  xiv,  :17,  pL  301,  1839, 

Martigues,  Montpelier.  Ivica.  Seide. 
SMOtmla  cuilrata,  UU.TTHKk,  Cut.,  iv,  16)1, 1863. 


L 


Ml 


1620  Bulletin  4.7,  United  States  National  Museum, 


Finit  \t  tloFHiil  Hpines  (l<<tiuilteU  t'roiii  tlio  othnrH  ami  iu.xerled  on  or  clo*e 
behind  tlii'  occiput;  scales  Inrj^e,  about  L'l!  in  iho  lutoial  line;  Liternl  line 
ou  tUf  HeL'uod  tov!  of  l:iri,;e  B<-ale8  UeldW  the  iloraal  ahenth.  This  genus 
contuiuM  Morne  'i  nr  0  species,  chielly  <if  t!iu  vveHteru  Pacific.  They  are 
aiuiilar  in  most  respectfi  to  the  typiciil  specii'M  of  Xijrk-hihyo,  dirt'erini; 
rhietly  in  Iiuviu^tbe2  anterior  spines  of  the  dorenl  fm  produced,  separated 
from  the  iitbiTM.  aud  placed  as  it  Ni*iiurutr  iiu  on  the  uape.  {iriov,  nape; 
l6rioy,  Hailj  iii  allusion  to  th»  lir.st  doraal  tin  on  the  najio.) 

sail.  iMisTics  siisDiconpr.s,  r.m. 

Head  3J;  depth  'iij.  D.  ri-Vri.  12;  A.  Ill,  12;  eye  6  to  7  in  head,  snont 
2ji ;  first  tilaiiieiitDiis  dortfiil  apine  neiirly  as  long  as  head;  jiectoral  eiiiiats 
ventral,  neiirly  2;  scaler  2-28-11.  Body  duf^p,  coiniireKsed,  tlic  prollle  very 
AtGC|i;  th»  tTrat2  dorsal  BpinoM  Ion;;  and  filamentous,  not  coaiiectcd  with 
the  o1h<T  spines,  the  longest  apine  al>oat  H  iu  iiesul  and  4i  in  body;  hi^ight 
of  beail  L'tj^ual  to  its  IcuKth;  auterior  prulile  steep  and  broadly  CTin'rd, 
caninM  j;  a  riuj.;  of  di-cply  ombeddi-d  scales  arnuuil  jiosterior  niarf;in  of 
orbit,  hi'iid  othvrwiH*-  n.'jUed;  scales  on  mipo  deeply  umbcddi'd;  3  broad 
bara  of  dark  olive  ou  thf  back  and  Nidi-8,  these  bars  nearly  as  wide  as  the 
interspiK'es;  most  of  the  walfx  of  the  back  and  sides  with  a  vertical  light- 
IdniMh  stripe;  in  (lie  middle  of  the  tirst  dark  band  are  1  or  2  ttcales 
of  a  different  color,  tlio  posterior  half  of  each  jet-black,  the  base  light 
blue;  dorsiil  with  iiarrinv  dark  stri))e.H  iiiniiing  oliiitfnely  downward  and 
backward;  anal  pale;  a  ennspienons  llRbt  hori/otital  stripe  near  the  tips 
of  rays;  a  narrower  simitar  stripe  near  the  middle  of  the  lln;  bluish 
clouds  oil  operclc;  vertical  pabvUbie  stripes  below  eye,  a  faint  dusky 
streak  below  eye;  female  paler,  plain  ycllowiali  or  brownish;  dorsal  with 
several  obli<)ue  liars  between  its  rays,  Hucky  I.slands  on  the  Pacific  coast 
of  Mexico.  The  original  types  of  this  species  (females),  and  afterwards 
some  other  isiieciiiiens,  have  been  sent  to  tho  United  States  National 
Mu.se.nni  from  Cqie  8an  Lucas.  Specimens  have  also  been  taken  ou  the 
west  coast  of  Mesien  by  Lir.  Gilbert.  Length  K  iuebes.  This  very  haiid- 
some  species  nitub  resembles  tho  type  of  the  genus,  Iniitliua  parn,  of  the 
fluwaiiau  Isbtnils.     {munduB,  neat;  corpus,  Iiody.) 

tniitliiiji  iitttiidUorjiiu.  GlU.,  Proc.  Ao.  Nat.  Sci.  Pliilu.  1B62,  ICi.  Cape  San  Lucas ;  Juuiia^x 

Kovlvw  Laliniiil  Finhin.  082,1890. 
Xovaeula  muiidieoryu;  JuroaJT,  Proc.  U. S.  XaC.  M im.  18H2, 307 ;  JoKDAM,  L e.,  1885, 384. 

Family  L'LXI.  .St'ARID.E. 

(The  Faiikot  Fisues.*) 

Body  oblong,  moderately  rom pressed,  covered  with  large  cycloid  arnlea 
M  in  the  Labridn:  .Month  uniderale,  terminal.  Teeth  in  the  jaws  more 
or  li'ss  coiile^eent,  at  loast  at  base;   luwer  pharyngeals  miKli  enlarged, 


'III  Ciilia,  t1i«  onnip  Vuja  lOM  Wife)  in  applied  to  ntl  i}\«  dull  roloni)  imrmt  flghva; 
that  of  Ariro  to  tlif  (ri'c<?ii  iin^l  hlttf  fnrmn:  Onacamain  to  tho<tp  with  srecn  t43«'tli,  ttirae 
t>»<ifii;  callm]  /Vrn>>i  in  Mexico.  I,"ro,  t'rrrifn,  fttid  lluafninaia  are  tlic  iianipa  appli(<d  to 
puruls.    'Die  siiiiUl  spcvlei)  with  ilaik  liil«nil  streaks  nn<  known  as  JIullun. 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1621 


nnitod  in  .-i  nmcnvoor  spooM-shfifiod  body,  their  teeth  broadest  trangvereoly 
and  trunrate,  Mrraiig<-d  in  mosaic;  doraal  routiiiuous,  ttH  forninlii.  imiially 
IX.  10;  anal  rays  11,9;  23  to  25  ai-aleH  in  th<>  l]iter:il  line;  viTU'bm-  iibont 
11  +  14  =  25.  Sexes  ainiilnrily  (;(dr)ro<l,  tlir  t!()]oniti«>ii  iiliiiost  nlwaya  bril- 
liant; fill  rnvH  csAi-DtinMv  the  sanie  thr()U|;bout  tb«  K'rou)v  tbe  fli|tiatiiat)oti 
varying  littJ«  cxficpt  on  the  lusad.  OpneraT;  sperieu  abimt  110;  uf  tbe 
tropical  smk»t,  AApec'ially  AbiiDdaiit  altoiit  <iciral  ri^ols.  Herbivortuis  fisbos, 
often  of  largo  size,  not  vnliied  an  joimI,  tbp  llesli  b«iiiK  «*oft  and  puBty,  Tbe 
sppiios  ill  tlio  varirtim  genera  ;ir«  very  closely  related,  being  ilixtitiKuiahcd 
chielly  b.v  th<?  rolnration  mid  tUe  deutitiuu,  both  sMies  of  cburactors  beiii^r 
highly  Kpecialized.  We  beniii  the  >;iiiiiji  willi  tb«>  most  generalize<l  j^eiiiia, 
tb<^  niiD  iii^aretit  the  Liibroid  auceatvn*  of  tbe  Srarida.  {L<iMd<t  Scarina, 
Ciinther,  fat.,  iv,208  to  240.) 

BPAMSOMATIMiS : 

^a.  Lower  pbaryngcal   broader  Ihiiii   loni;,  tinltlsh   or  buin-ohaped ;  gill  DiembnuioH 
liniatUy  jftiued  t^^  tlii«  tHtUimfin,  not  lonitiug  n  fold  across  It;  latciralliue  Hiibcontin- 
uuus;   nituk-a   aliiiiit    lipinl  r<>n   aud   largp,  tliiitM  ou   th«  clieek  in  1  row;   lover 
jaw  pr<*jecti)(j:;  tc«lli  wliilinli  or  rosy. 
b.  Dorsal  spines  dcxil>lc>;  tnotli  uioreor  less  distiact,  at IkuI antrriorlj. 
I  e.  Te<>th  in  cucli  Jnw  in  few  soritut,  licit  imtirimli'd  <ir  •(iiiucuux;  lutoml  tPt-tll 

■  or  carh  Jiitr  LOiilexcent  in  a  ni»ri' nr  1<^AH  (^-lUiliiiiKiiia  ruttiii)!  «dgp,  tho 

■  teeth  more  free  anteriorly  and  nut  sdniiti^  tu  tb«  d<^Dlal  plstv. 

■  CavnoTOMrs,  049. 

■  ee.  Tontb  in  each  jaw  In  ;i  or  1  serios,  all  irobrhuital  in  <)uinciiux  order  on 

K  the  duDtAl  ]>lBto,  to  which  tlie;-  arp  adaale  by  the  ponterior  farv;  ont- 

"  tiU(!  vdgB  of  rurli  |Bwrorm«l  by  leeth.  CALOTOMCa,  <M7. 

6b.  Dorsal  spinos  iljIT,  piingeot:  teeth  of  upper  jaw  at  leoal  more  or  leas  coales- 
Clint, 
d.  Teeth  of  c»«  li  iaw  uliipflj-  cooloeoeut,  tbe  jaws  divided  by  a  mther  inilis- 
tinc't  median  mitiire.  SrA>iis<iMA,648. 

I  HCAnitlX: 

>  aa.  Lower  pharyajti-al  spoon-MliaiH-d.  mnch  !iinK<'r  than  broail:  teeth  of  jpiwx  fnlly  ooa- 

klotwoil,  psob  j&w  diridetl  by  ik  distluct  niwliuu  suture:  gill  nienibmuos  fonulag 
afoldacroeaUieiatlimnn;  dorsol  spines  ll<ixible;  luteralliniMntcrrajited  Iwliiiid, 
begianing  again  lower  down  on  tbo  ]>e<liincl«  of  tho  tail;  scnlfs  shnnt  hvod 
rathor  nnmprona,  Ibosi-  on  cheeks  in  2  ur  lauro  series;  lower  Jaw  ini;ladi*d. 
c  Teeth  and  jaws  nbitisb  or  rony  iu  rolor.  S<'AKL'h,  M9. 

t*.  Tooth  Bbd  jaws  blue  or  bliiisb  ;;reeii.  rsavooocAlivii,  AGO. 

646.  CRYPTOTOMUS.  Cope. 

CaUiodoi,  CliviKB,  Kt-gne  Animal,  l-ji.  II,  Vol.  2,  206,  18-*9  (ipinitientj ,  not  0«U«Kto»  of 

(tBONciw,  nor  of  Blo<:h  4-  .Sith^xidsh,  which  is  SeartiM. 
CaUj/odon,  C.vvtF.n  A.  VALBNriENHBs,  Ulst  Nat.  Poias.,  xiv.  285,  lS39(«i»ntff«»j,  utttu,  •{«.). 
Orypotomin.  i'opk.  Trans.  Am.  I'htl.  Soo.  1871,46;!  (.rotrwi). 

Lower  jibiiryueals,  upper  pharyngeals,  iHtbinns,  and  lateral  line  pre- 
oisely  as  in  ^jjiiWsoinu,'  lateral  teeth  of  upper  .jaw  coaluHceiit  into  a  more 
or  I08B  coiitiuaouii  cutting  edge,  tlie  t«eth  more  Hepanitu  uuterioily;  free 
posterior  canines  often  preaont;  anterior  teeth  separate  or  coalcscent  at 
baai'.  only;  lower  jaw  with  a  aingle  aorios  of  jiartly  coalcscent  troth  lat- 
erally, atid  2  or  more  Herica  ul'  nearly  separate  teetb  anteriorly;  median 
suture  of  jaws  not  evident  externally;  dorsal  spinas  flexible;  jaws  snb- 
e<inal ;  scales  about  bead  largo,  a  single  row  on  cb«ok,  4  or  5  on  inedlun 


1022  BuUcHn  //,  United  Slates  National  Jifusatm. 


line  before  durHal.  8p«cieH  niimeroiiii,  oi  Hiiiall  hI/o,  motitly  nt  ihill  or 
olivaceoiii*  ooloratiou.  This  genus  is  closely  related  to  Sitaritoma,  diticring 
from  it  iubaviuji;  tbo  anterior  teeth  nearly  sepuruti;  ut  all  ages  and  in  hav- 
ing tho  dorsal  S|iii]«8  llevilile,  as  in  ScaniH.  The  di-ntition  iippruacbes 
that  of  !••  very  young  Sparhoma .  TIuh  gemiH  ban  bi't-ri  (jenernlly  known  as 
Catliiodoa.  Tbft  ;;)'Du.h  I'oUiiulon  of  (inmow  iinil  of  lilncli  A;  Schneider  was, 
however , based  ou  ji  (t|ioi'iv!<  wbirh  ajiiiiiri'iitly  lieloiigs  to  the  jk^eiina  l^r.arun 
The  niinie  wub  t.runHlt'rred  by  i'livier  from  the  tyjx^  of  Scarua  croii'm»tt  to 
the  present  Kfou)".  Thin  trausftT  is  initdniiwsilile  in  our  view,  and  the 
nuiiife  Calliodon  flhould  not  be  nsed  for  the  genus,  i'allyndon,  variant 
spelling  of  tkr  sitine  word,  is  nlso  iniiduiisHible.  The  ttsinie  rry|>(o<n»iv« 
was  jiropoHed  by  Cojie  for  a  iiah  bstviiiji  the  "dentition  uf  I'ltlli/odon,  but 
with  the  iiinniTo»i«  iloisal  iind  aniil  xptni's  of  the  group  of  //<ir;ir.''  The 
tin  rays  are  given  L>.  XI,  8;  A.  Ill,  8.  The  iitiinberK  in  itll  known  speciea 
of  Sciirinif  are  1>.  IX,  10;  A.  III.  9  (8).  Wt»  fitid  on  oxaniiiuition  of  the 
original  typo  of  CryptntomHH  tliiit  Professor  Cope  hiis  mistaken  2  uf  the 
(broken)  soft  rays  of  the  dorsal  and  1  of  the  imal  for  S|iines.  The  difler- 
enco  bctwcrn  spines  and  soft  lays  in  tliis  lyrrnnp  is  very  slight.  Wo  there- 
fore regard  (Jryitloloninn  as  a  syironyni  of  Cnlhiodon  Citvier,  and  the  latter 
name  being  ineligible,  wu  adopt  I'ri/piolniiiuM  us  Mte  naiuu  of  the  gsnua. 
{Xfii'Ttrdi,  bidden;   ro;<o;,  cutting  (teeth).) 

a.  Pmtsrior  canipm  nomuUy  prcMiit  <oucaiuoiially  waiilinj;  uo  uciesidn»r  botli  in  m>i>mi 

b.  Lateral  ti^i'th  at  lower  jaw  amuiKoil  in  it  series  cunllnuoas  with  the  anUiriar 

h>ei)i,  tUuH: 

c.  Snout  Umg  and  Kharp,  2  in  hvtui,  tli»  prutlle  soimtwliiil  unuvunlv  nmvpx: 
npiwr  llii  tlouUo  only  pomerlorly ;  posterior  vunlne*  3,  struug.  reoiirvetl 

DKATIKMS    JOa-i 

ec.  Siioat  HliurtUb,  {t«  lengtli  (mcasnnsl  tlnog  tbe  axini  Dearly  :i  in  licad ;  pro 

flli>  strongly  nonvrx  nborc  eye,  iheiK.v  iivjirly  utraiitlil  to  tiji  »(  snotit ; 

IMi.Hlerior  c^Bumr  iiHiially  »iiiKl<>,  a  prv  atning.  liSTa.HTl's,  "iu:« 

bb.  Lafi*nil  twlli  of  lower  jaw  H)il)nc|Mal.  arranged  in  2  rows  wliii'li  iirw  mil  parallel, 

till'  |t<»t(-rlur  levlli  uf  the  anivrior  aerie*  atandlug  ImIow  aud  outdide  tlic 


anl«irior  t<'et h  of  tlm  pimtrrior  aerie«,  thiia : 


mm 


d.  roiterior  oanin«  uaimlly  prcreilcd  by  2  or  It  amaller  oues;  upper  lip  d<mble 

for  ila  wtiol>-l«ngVli.  i;h-ri'6,  2034. 

dd.  I'osterlor   canion   nsunlly  aluglo,    aoioetlmoa  wiiuUng;  Useth    iitlitTirrlaK 

mucli   aa  in   C.  uh/im,  tlii'  Anterior  raniUM  arauller;  apptr  lip  not 

doiililu  for  ilH  whole  Irngth.  ai'kopcmc;tati'«.  'JOM 

art.  PontcrlorcanliiMi  none;  lutenii  ii-eih  in  eatih  jaw  aiilu«qiml,  thoae  of  th<'  Kiwor  ju» 

larger  than  tlioao  of  tho  iipi«*r  ami  fonoinii  a  conliniiona  8<^rii**. 

«.  TiMtli  iif  iiuirr  (autfri">r)  «er  i>-a  in  u)>prr  jaw  fi>w,  amiiU.  unt  i  aninp  Ijko.  •cart'clj 

dlffiTenl  rniiii  thp  Intiral  twtli.  ti>w<'r  jiiw  «  ilhoiit  I'Dlarfii'*!  lc»th;  upp«T 

lip  iloul.ile  fnr  Ita  i<utir^  ruurup,  tho  Innur  fnlil  very  Uiimiw-  uiiaiiaUy ,  VHMly 

m<Mlerat*.>ly  eloiigiitt',  tli««  tlopth  n^  in  Icugtii;  head  SI:  auoiit  rather  filiar]i, 

>!)  in  head:  proUlo  gi.-utly  c'urv«<l,  uot  nlui'p;  dianiolipr  of  rye  4|  iu  h«ail,  ]| 

in  its  diataiice  from  the  au);1p  of  tho  looiitli:  caudal  aubtrnncatv.    Color 

ollvn  gray,  murh  innttlcd,  aiden  with  faint  longllndlnal  whitish  stripo*'. 

bvail  with  aoniti  j^revniiih  apola;  fius  imlIc,  mottlwl  with  ollvr 

aaarixiM's,  3036. 


rr.  Tm^tli  ul'  ftnterior  •vrlcti  in  upper  jaw  long,  raDiue-Ukc.  dirci-U-d  furwurtl,  «i«i»- 
nrjtiv  to  tbiar  bani'H:  lower  Jaw  willi  ita  Hutvriur  tv«lli  lung  iiikI  Monn-whnt 
caiiiiiO'Ukc:  DckU-Ji  of  bmot  anil  \h-1I.v  roDsiilcrably  fnlarj;c<l.  3  scnleH 
befon*  TetitraU.  ft  iH-forv  dorsHl :  bn<1.v  Hlrniler,  rluii^sate,  liltli'  comprrMed, 
till)  dt'plll  li  III  U-U{:tb;  bead  .11:  vyo  liirge,  nbmit  &  in  bcwl,  niorx  tbiiti  i 
unoiit ;  Huoiit  viTy  »barp,  the  jirotilo  atmiglit  to  alKjvw  lij*^  cntidtil  troii- 
c«t«;  npim*  nfilorniJ  bing  ami  vt-rv  licxibli'.  Oolonitiuu  ur»Tl.v  plain  nwj- 
piirpli'.  Willi  4  (lurk  rrona  hIiuiIish;  tbi^  bsfk  vu);iiiily  biirn>d;  ruiidiil  liiiriiMl 
wltli  dttrkiT,  n  distinct  blacklab  wxilliry  »pot;  lower  tins  iMtle,  inobubly 
>»lliiw  ill  liri<.  MOiiBrs,  OiST. 

eoaS.  tRYl'TOTO»IS  nK>Tlf:\H  d'oeyi. 

HoiulS);  d«pt1i34;  Miioiit  lung  and  .sluiqi,  2  in  hfiiil.  the  ]irolilt>  8on»^- 
wrbut  niK'Vi'uly  coavcs;  H]ipi'i'  lip  duitble  only  poistoriorly ;  pimUTior 
eaaineA  2,  strotig.  rw'iirvcd;  anterior  ciiniui.'H  Htrong;  tectli  of  lowiTJiiw 
nut  very  iiiii-i|un'l.  fbe  iiiiterinr  ti-ctli  a  littlr  longer  tlinii  tltr  niiddlt*  anes, 
the  piistiTior  li'cHi  littK-  ciitar;;ed.  [^atrn»l  tioth  of  lower  Jiiw  ii-rriingeid 
ill  a  sericN  coiitiiiiioiis  with  thr  auturior  U'eth.  FiiiB  rallicr  hi;;h  ;  >'ye 
BA  lu  hi>iii1.  Color  ill  alcohol,  oliviictMiiid,  th«  Huh  mtKli  ninttled,  the  sided 
of  the  body  with  conspicnouB  pale  Kpot«;  iu  lif'v,  "(fiwiiith,  th'<  kcii1«« 
yellow  at  baw),  tlieir  edges  liliiiBh:  verticnl  tins  whitish,  with  rosy  vor- 
tical spota;  <-aiidiii  wine  color,  \^  itli  IduiMh  vertical  iiiiirkiiigK."  Ciiha; 
aiipiut-ntly  riirn.  Here  dcucrihcd  from  a  Hiiwimen  stint  liy  I'ocy  to  the 
MuMHiiin  of  Coiiipaiative  /oology.     (rfcn<icH«,  ili'vcloptiig  teeth.) 

CalUodnn  dmlifiu,  I'oKr,  .Miunuriu,  n,  423,  1861,  Cuba  (Cull.  Piwy);  PiiKV,  Kniitunratio, 

lUi,  1876. 
VrypUtomut  dtmtiem,  JORltJiK,  Ri'vicw  Lahnild  Kialitut,  685,  ItHW. 


-ti:«.  «  RlPTOTtmiN  KKTKAITIFK  (I'ooy). 

Htwl  3i;  ilepth  ^^.  1).  IX,  10;  .\.  UI,  9;  eye  C  iit  he:id;  Huoiit  2J;  pec- 
toral 1};  bigheot  dorMal  spiiiol'};  sciilos  2-'J'6S.  I'rolile  slroiiglj- convex 
alrave  cyi;,  thence  nearly  straight  to  tip  of  Mnoiit;  iiosterior  riinino  iiHiiutly 
tingle,  very  utrong;  anterior  c.'iniiie«  2  on  each  side,  clivcrgcut,  dircoti'd 
forward  luiil  outwiird;  lutcral  teeth  of  lowurjaw  very  uul'i|1I!i1,  the  pos- 
terior iinich  lari»<'r  than  those  near  the  lutddle  of  thesideof  the  jaw,  which 
are  wholly  t;o;ilcMc.ciit;  distance  of  oyo  from  angle  of  month  uliont  twice 
it8  diiinictcr;  upper  li]>  ilmilde  for  its  wholo  length;  gill  rakers  abort  and 
eihurp,  ulwMtt  1 -|-fi;  wiiidal  trnucsitc;  pectoriils  reaching  pant  tips  of  von- 
triils,  which  reach  alioitt  iiiiiUvsiy  I'roiii  their  base  t«  vent.  Origin  of 
ventral  spine  innlcr  anterior  end  <>t'  pei-torul  base.  C«lor  in  spirits,  olive 
green,  each  seulo  with  ii  faint  brown  central  lilotih;  head  iicnrly  ]dsiiii ; 
verticsit  lins  greenish,  blotelied  with  lirowii,  the  uieiobraues  of  the  lirst 
2  Bpines  blackiab.  West  Iii<lie»,  iiorlli  to  I'eusaculu;  known  t'>  lis  from 
2  HpecinienK — I  from  Jlavatia,  the  other  from  I'ensacola.  Our  tdentilicii- 
tiun  is  somewhat  doubtful,  as  I'oey  says  that  the  npper  lip  is  double 
]>oBteriorly  only.     (relraclH*,  drawn  back.) 

Oalliodun  retrurUn,  PoET,  Synopnt*.  345,  1808,  Havana  (Oil.  I'licy);  INiKV,  Rnnmeratio, 

116,1875. 
GrypMotniu  detttirtu,  JiiHnAX,  I'nM.  ('.  S.  Nat.  Miia.  ISM,  4fi  and  ?JT;  nul  of  I'upy. 
Cnn'Moinu*  rftraftuJi,  .ToKt3A!«,  Keriow  Lnbroitl  KlKhci,  <W>,  HWt). 


S0S4.  CBVPTOTrtllllS  BSTHS  (Cuvinr  A:  Vuli-miotiuwil. 

Mead  uboiit.  3*;  depth  3.  1>.  IX,  fl;  A.  II.  «;  scales  1^-21-6.  IJodymod- 
I'ltitely  «4ougutt'd,  coiiipresnt'il.  Head  ratlicr  pointed ;  Intertil  tfeetti  of  lower 
jaw  8iibei|iial,  arranged  in  2  rows  which  are  not  ]isiriillel,  the  posterior 
teeth  of  tlic  iiDterior  Korifw  Htiiiidiug  holow  jiutl  oiit«ido  the  anterior  teeth 
of  thi'  posterior  scries.  Posterior  i-uniue  iiHnally  preci'ded  liy  -  or  3  smaller 
oneH;  upper  lip  double  for  its  whole  Icu^jth;  ivrolilo  eligfatly  convex  above 
eye  andHntiKnvlnit  <>oiio;tvt>  before  it;  ououl  loug.  2^  iti  bead;  ditttauce froiu 
«yv  to  iiiiKle  of  luoiitb  :<  in  head,  and  2{  tiineti  dinnu-tcr  of  cvye;  eye  small, 
B|  ill  licnd;  tiiit«rior  ciinincs  about  J  on  each  side,  strong  and  divergent; 
lower  teeth  largur  thua  in  other  apeeit^s.  Color  in  spirits,  ulivegniy,  with 
irregiitar  niarbltn^s  of  aluty  jrniy  ;  1  dittuse  dark  blotches  along  has*  of 
dorsal;  dorsal  olivi',  finely  niottleil  with  darU  uroisK  lines,  the  nioiubrune 
of  the  tirat  -  Hpinc.<<  black;  vaurlul  and  anal  pttiin  olive.  West  Indies, 
uorth  to  CUarlestou,  south  to  Uahi.'i;  rather  idumiou.  We  h:ive  examined 
8p«ciinonii  of  tbiH  Hp(!('ica  from  Uio  .lauciro,  I'cnsacola.  and  (.')iBrle.<)ton,  as 
well  iiH  thtt  origiual  type  from  ftrazjl.*     (utiim,  scorcUt'd,  from  th«  color.) 

OaUt/mloH  uttH*.  CvvtKa  ic  VALtUniicNNXH,  Hint.  Nut.  rniu..  Xtv,  280, 18:19.  Brazil;  tiCxTUSK, 
Cat.,  IV,  211.  UK;  GviCHBMUT,  StariiU's.  59. 186S  (uol«  ou  t.Y|ii'Sh  JoBUAlt  ft  GUAKKT.J 
S.vDO]Hiis,  604,  liSi:  Jlihdan,  Prur.  V.  S.  Nut.  Miiit.  1880.  Mt  (doI«  uu  type). 

Cn/i'M'>mu4  tutu*.  JORDAX,   l'n>c.  U.  S.  Xat.  Mun.  1880,  228;  JoRDAM.  Review  I^brold 
Fixliei,  666,  ISSHi. 


80»6.  I-KTI'TOTOMIIN  Al  KOl'l  SlTlTrS  (CuvierA  Valonctenne*) . 

Hfiad  3;  doptha.  D.  IX,  10;  A.  II, P;  scales  21.  L.-iteral  teeth  of  lower 
jaw  Hulieiinal.  t'osterior  ciiiiine  iiRiially  single,  souietinies  wanting;  teeth 
otherwise  iinioh  as  in  f '.  ustiiii,  the  anterior  cuiiincH  Hmaller;  npper  lip  not 
(loiihle  for  its  wbulu  Icugtli;  siiont  tihiirp,  the  fruut  not  st«ep;  snout  2^  iu 
bead;  eye  5.  Color  in  life  •'greenish,  with  small  gilt  spota  arrangeil  in 
obliiine  irrt'gnbir  bonils  "U  the  vertii-jil  iiiis;  a  yellowish  line  from  eye  to 
Mioiitb,  and  others  on  side  of  head."  Han  Domingo.  Known  uuly  fronj 
the  origiual  typei*!  e.xaiiiiued  by  us  in  the  niuseuni  at  I'aris.  (aurum,  gold; 
punftnliiK.  dotted.) 

VaUvodoii  tiiirupuiietaluf,  CcviRK  .V  A'Al.ENOlBNMb>.  Hist.  Nat.  Poins.,  xiv,  20U,  1839.  San 
Domineo;  Gl'NTllEii,  Cul.,  lv,214,  lWi2;  i;vieHiS.>ioT.  Scaii'lcs,  60,  lij«5  (nolo  on  typri; 
JOBOAM,  I'roiT.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mm.  1880,  542  (iioto  ou  ty  |ie». 

Vryplolomiiii  nuropunclatut,  JoBDAN,  Proe.  U.  S.  Kat.  Mna.  1886,228;  JOBDAS,  Keriew 
Labroiil  Kiilies,  600,  1890. 


•Wn 


I  HuniQwIll^  I 


Tn  have  the  foUowliiR  nulo  im  tbr  type  of  CoiUfodmi  vttuit:  "A  dried  aVIu  c 
^^torUxl;  0.3.T*  ltin)>.  BniKil.  (Dt'luliiinli'.)  Color  nil  I'adLil.  I.nnrer  lut«rnl  lcr<tli  vit 
Mgnlarly  arrantfeil ;  iimiiu  (eelli  nut  ilisHliiiilur  uiilHirie  uf  ilieai!  in  Trout.  I.owrr  tvoll 
rrowiDS  rather  slruneor  l>nokward.  Cpimr  lattTal  i*pth  very  fine  and  even,  cloar  8«<t. 
OuQCaiiiDO  nenr  TEiidtm-  of. jaw  tiiruod  untwitrd  auti  liiirkwnrd.  No  utbar  cauliicv  evident 
on  left  aide;  ri^lit  Hide  liruken." 

fVVe  have  tliu  fullowiug  DotM  on  the  types  nf  fni/j/nrfoM  aiiropunftatun:  "In  fair  con- 
diUou:  6.I7"  luDU!;  from  San  Domitico.  (Kii.-onl.l  }3<Hly  rallier  claDjnt«:  lUe  anont 
■barp,  (he  fmnt  not  ateep.  £ye  5  in  Liead :  ^nout  if  -.  Iiead  3 :  di't'tb  3,  Teeth  nn  edre  of 
each  jiivr  repular,  IIiobo  of  lower  Jaw  Iwico  an  lui'Ke,  (lie  fnmt  itoridit  xtnniliiit:  ixitsiilu  of 
I  h«  Iat4!rul  Morlfs.  rpi>er  ,)iiw  Willi  1  fltn>nK  canine  Uooki-d  oiitwurd  uiul  barkuant.  a 
litllo  behind  Hie  niiddl«  ol'  itM  xicte.  Anlerinr  t'iiniues  riuhII.  th»M>  of  lli«  lower  jnvn 
■rarody  unlike  the  unlinary  tt'itb.  l'fti>er  lip  not  double  Tot  ita  whole  lotJKtb.  The  other 
apeoiaieu,  0. 13"  lonK,  also  i^rora  .San  tVuniiugo,  mentioned  by  Cnvier,  UvVa  the  poat«rior 
cuitue,  but  Becms  to  be  otberwiae  Himllar. 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1625 


jMSa.  rSTPTOTOarS  RFUrLLIXTN,  Jordau  anil  Snalu. 

Head  3i  (3g  with  muUjil);  doptli  3ik  (Jk);  o.vo  4^  in  bend;  snont  2J.  D. 
DC,  10;  A.  II,  !);  scalrs  2i-24-B.  BuJy  mori^  clonf^atc  tliaii  in  fflatfil  Mp«- 
ciM,  i-ompreH»('(l.  JawK  ]>!iU',  thr  mediai)  HiitiiP"  imt  i-vitlrnt;  tcntral 
portion  of  <'iifh  tootli  with  »  reiMisb-liiowu  sput.  1,'pper  jaw  luti'rally 
wilt  a  contiutHiiiK  cutting  cd^je  of  rniil^sird  t<'<'th,  this  I'dgi-  I'vcii  alung 
the  iuiddlt>  of  tLi'  juw  uiid  nomcwhsit  8«'rnit«  piist<'iiiii-ly ;  anteriorly  the 
cutting  cd^rf  gives  pluce  to  about  2  series  of  lau^'eulat^',  rather  iil>tiiMe,  coui- 
prt'rtscd  teeth,  which  coalesce  nt  bnw  only;  no  poxt^Tifir  caniiiefl  in  nny  of 
the  iiiaiyy  sixM-itiu'iis  cxatuiiicd;  lower  Jaw  lat«<rally  with  a  series  of  com- 
prciiittsl  teeth,  coalcsci-iit  for  a  short  liistuuto  and  cloHeaot;  in  froiitare2or 
S  series  aitiiitar  to  those  in  the  n]»pcr  jaw.  Jaw.s  »uhef|Ui»l,  the  lower  very 
slightly  iacliided ;  tip])er  lip  doulile  lor  almost  its  entire  length,  it^  iuner 
fold  narrow  mcsiaily.  the  lip  covering  most  of  the  upper  jaw.  lathnins 
moderate,  the  gill  lueinbraneS  not  forming  a  fohi  acroK-i  it.  Snout  rather 
acute;  cheek  with  &  single  row  of  about  5  scales;  4  or  5  scales  on  the 
mediiiD  lini'  before  dorNiil.  Luteial  liae  fliiUeoutinuons,  \X%  tiibcK  ea<.-h 
with  4  brauchos,  which  cover  most  of  the  scale.  Dorsal  spines  very  slen- 
der, not  pungent;  caudal  fin  sliglitly  rounded,  its  oiitt>r  rays  Ijt  in  hesid; 
pectorals  reaching  \\\\eX  tipn  of  veiitral-n,  which  reach  nii<lway  between 
their  baae  ami  front  of  anal;  origin  of  ventral  M]«iie  directly  under  ante- 
rior end  of  pectoral  base.  Lower  pharyngeals  formed  exactly  as  in  Spari- 
toma,  not  quite  twice  as  hroail  an  boig,  the  surface  slightly  concave.  Color 
in  life,  olive  green  or  olive  gray,  mottled  above  Hitli  darker  and  small 
whitish  UlittcheM;  simie  whitish  bldtohes  above  l.-itenil  line;  some  almig 
lateral  line,  a  row  of  5  or  B,  smaller  than  pupil,  iu  a  straight  line  below 
lateral  lino;  5  or  R  faint  greenish  blotch-liko  ari'as  along  sides;  2  or  3 
narrow,  parallel  whitish  stripeH  more  or  less  distinct  along  lower  parts  of 
side  bordered  with  brownisb,  the  upper  luiuiing  from  below  eye  straight 
to  middln  ot  caiKlal,  the  loner  passing  jiiat  below  pectoral;  some  whitish 
hands ruiliiiting  tioni  eye;  U(<ually  souu-  dark-green  spots  beforennd  behind 
eye;  topof  head  vermii-itlatedaud  dotted  with  black;  ahrowu  baud  across 
chin;  dorsal  pak',  mottled  with  olive;  a,  dusky  l>lotch  ou  front  of  dm-sal; 
caudal  greenish, edged  with  brown,  its  «uitcr  rays  barred  with  brown  and 
lightolive,  speckled  and  barred  with  brown  ;  veutruls  pale,  faintly  barretl 
with  brown;  peotorals  iiale;  ventral  fins  in  adult  edgeil  with  light  brown- 
isli  red.  The  whitish  lines  of  sides  becouio  fainter  with  age.  Inspirits 
the  brown  Culoratiuu  given  placi'  to  grayish  or  grei'uish,  each  scale  often 
with  a  greenish  blotch.  L(;ngth  (5  inchew.  Florida  Keys;  occasionally 
north  to  New  Jersey,  south  to  Rio  .laneiro;  common  about  Key  West  on 
uinddy  bottoms.  A  single  K]]eciuten  secured  m  the  market  at  Ilavana,  5^ 
inches  in  length,  where  Foey  Keonis  not  to  have  noticed  tiio  specie*.  A 
specimen  from  Kio  .laneiro  bos  the  anterior  protile  steeper  and  the  eye 
■mailer,  5:)  in  head.  We  have  examined  the  young  epecituen  descriljod 
and  figured  by  Dr.  Heau  a»  ' '  Sptiritoma  r>p, "  from  Soniers  Point,  New  Jorse.y. 
It  is  identical  with  young  specimens  of  Ctiftttatoiniin  ben/UinKS  from  Key 
West.  Tho  occnrreiice  of  this  tropical  Hsh  at  a  point  so  far  to  the  north- 
ward is  surprising.  {heri/llinui,  color  of  beryl  or  emerald.) 
301J0 as 


1626  DulUtin  //,  United  Stales  Nalmial  Museum, 


Orffpf"'""*"'  l>^''itltinut,  Jordan  A  Swan,  Pror.  r.  S.  Knt.  Mufi.  ISM,  101.  Havana;  Key 

West  (Tvp<>H,  \i>ii,  3'><i»Tan<l  3Sin2.    Coll.  D.  S.  Jiirdun)^  Jordan,  t.c,  137:  JoKDA^r. 

I'mc.  T'.S.Kut.  Mna.  1B8S,  44;  JoKD AN.  1886,2^:  Jokda-n.  RcTiew  Labroid  Fiih«a.  Sea. 

189<i. 
A;Mi  ruuma  ip.,  BRAN,  Bull.  T.  S.  Flab  Comm.  1886, 137,  Somers  Point,  New  Jeney;  yoaoK 

apvclmen. 

8087.  t'HYPTOTOMIS  KDSItt'.H,  Cop*. 

Huad  St. ;  dopth  4t.  D.  IX,  9;  A.  Ill,  9;  f-yc  5  in  Ix-nd;  mioiit  SJ;  srkles 
lf-2."i-<i.  LiitH'i'iil  tfftii  ill  emth  jaw  .siibet|(ia],  lbo«t>  of  the  lower  jaw 
l»i-g<T  than  thitM-  u(  till'  upper  and  fonuin^'  tv  coutiiiuous  W'rit-s.  Teeth  of 
anterior  8eri(.<t«  in  ujipi-r  ,jriw  lone,  osnuip-liko,  ilirectcd  forward,  separiite 
Ut  tbi'tr  baiM-H;  l(>wi:'r  jaw  witb  its  aiiti-rior  teeth  long  and  somewhat 
cuniue-like;  upper  lip  double*  for  all  it.i  leiigtb;  scalf«  of  brcaat  and. 
licll.v  ronsideriibly  cnlurgfd,  3  Ht'iilcH  before  TCiitralg,  5  before  doraal; 
liody  «lrii(lrr,  rluiigat-o,  llttb' ('(iinprcssod ;  eye  large,  Hiore  than  i  snout; 
Huniit  very  Hliarp.  (ho  ]>riili]i-  etrnlKlit  to  alicive  eye.  Caudal  truncate; 
opitieH  of  dnrsal  Imif;  and  very  llexilile;  pectorals  n-aebing  pa,8t  tips  of 
veiitr!*!";  origin  of  ventral  sjiitu'  under  nuddle  of  pertnral  base.  Coloration 
iieiirly  (ilaiii  ('To.^y  purple"  a<r«r(liii>;  to  t'ojiej,  with  4  dark  cross 
nhaderi;  the  baek  vajfuely  Imrrcd  ;  caudal  barred  with  darker,  a  diatlnot 
IdaekiKh  uxillary  spot;  lowisr  lins  piilo,  probably  yellow  in  life.  West 
IiiiLioe,  Huutb  to  llrazil;  ajiiKirently  rart*.  Of  this  spec iea  we  hare  ezain- 
ini'd  tb<'  orl^'inal  tyjie  in  the  niuMeuTri  of  the  Acadetny  ofNatural  Sciences 
nt  Phibi<li-]|)hia,  and  3  Ntnaller  MpectnienH  takrn  by  the  Albatrott  at  Bahia. 
It  ih  the  nioMtaleuder  of  all  the  Scarida,     (roteitt,  rosy.) 

Crtrjitotomiu  tohhu,  Cope.  Trann.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.,  XIII.  IBOD,  103,  St.  Martini  (Coll.  I»r. 
Van  RURersmal:  Joboan,  Pror.  V.  S.  N»l.  Mnn.  188A,  545  (note  on  type);  JoBPAX, 
Prno.  D.  S.  Nat.  Mns.  1886.228:  JoBDAS',  Rericw  Ljibroid  Fishes,  866, 1890. 

647.  CALOTOMUS.CJilbert. 

CaMonut,  OlUiEnT.  Prno.  T.S.  Nat.  Mas.  tSW,  7«  (j-eitoiJoii). 

Teotb  distinct,  equal.  iinbricat<>d  in  re^julur  oblique  rows  iu  l>oth  jaws, 
wholly  I'oncculiug  tliii  dental  plates  to  the  anterior  edge  of  which  they 
are  atVi.xod.  Cutting  edgo  of  caeb  jaw  formed  by  tb<>  outer  t<^eth,  the 
dental  plate  not  reaching  the  edge,  and  visible  only  froiu  within.  Lipa 
iloiilde  lor  ;j  short  diatoucf  only.  .Sealoa  nf  eheek  in  1  row;  tateritl 
lino  etHiiinuouM;  baMe.>i  <d'  dort):il  and  anal  with  scaly  sheaths;  dorsal 
flpitH'sO,  soft  and  llexiUle;  gill  nienibraneH  broadly  joined  to  the  iKthmas. 
Tbix  gi-nuM  Is  ba.srd  uu  a  large  ,Sean>id  of  tb<!  Odsteru  Pacific,  allied  to 
CrtiplQitjmur,  but  ditl'eriiig  111  the  arraagcuieut  nf  the  teeth.  Some  of  the 
East  Indian  ttpei-ies  rdi-rred  by  BleeUer  to  Vailimlon  may  belong  toCaloto- 
iNHt.     (xtrA.0?,  beautiful;  rowdj,  eutlinj;.) 

2088.  €ALOTOHr!<  XEPfODON,  GUb«rt. 

Ife;.d  31 ;  depth  2?.  D.  IX,  10;  A.  Ill,  9:  scales  li-25-7.  Bwly  deep, 
compressed,  snout  short  and    convex,  Jj  iu   head;  interorbital  width  4; 


*  In  OUT  apeaioea* ;  daobU  va  aida*  only  sovordiog  to  Cope. 


Jordan  and  Evcnuann. — Fishes  of  North  Amoica.     1627 

maxillary  3i  ;  i'y«<  2J  in  Hiiout,  Toetb  poiiifeil,  iiiibrirateil  in  iiniitcnnx 
onler,  both  tijtM  iind  ollK«^8  wholly  frm-,  tli»  autrrior  fac«>  t'otivex,  the  pus- 
t<'rii>r  fui-o  alone  ii<]twiti<  tu  the  ilciiliil  ]il»tr;  ul'  i>qn:il  9i/e  ami  sirailar  in 
b<ith  jiiWH,  there  b<3iii(;  :{  III' 4  tccili  In  :iii  ()b)ir|Ut'  croHs  acrim  aiiterinrly, 
iilujiit  12  of  then."  girifs  in  tlm  ujvjht  ,juvv,  tind  14  in  the  ]o»vi-r;  2  terth  in 
tbi>  nppi-r  Jaw  ut  the  autfli-  of  tbo  iiiautk  iiro  eoiilcnl  uuil  curvi-d  iluwiinranl 
ami  biick\T:iril.  8c>lIi-»  (H)  tht-ek  in  a  aiii;r|()  at-rita,  3  or  4  tu  number;  4 
BcalcB  on  niciliati  line  bcfuru  the  ilursal  lin,  the  niitiTinr  (ini<  cnrroacbing 
i>n  firriput;  Hiali'H  mi  iireast  not  reduced, /<  on  niuilian  lini<  beforu  vuntrals, 
U  series  of  HtiiluM  betwctm  I.itenil  lino  iinil  dorsal,  the  1  serifs  ArriiiiriK 
usbeiith  aliiiif;  huso  of  tin.  Dursjil  siiini'S  riithor  bi;.'li  and  llexibli',  th« 
ori^iu  «>f  the  lin  over  baee  of  pectorals;  eamliil  deeply  lunate,  the  outer 
raya  prmliiced,  ik  lunger  than  the  middle  rays,  IJ-  in  bead;  in»n3  of  tlm  ven- 
tral riiy»  elimnate,  the  tin  reiiehiug  about  hnlfway  to  vent,  Ij  in  head; 
peetorals  wltb  wide  ulilique  ba(>e,  the  free  inar;;iii  of  fiii  Hoiiiowl;at 
/-iihnped,  the  upper  an^le  acute,  tbu  lowt^r  rounded,  the  lonjieat  rny  \\  in 
Lead;  oriii^in  of  ventral  k[huc  under miildle  of  pectoral  base.  C'oliir  mot- 
tlt'd  silvery,  slaty,  and  browu.  without  dotinite  pattern;  top  of  bead  and 
Hnontdiieky;  pectoralH  blaek  at  basi-;  ventrals  du.tky  at  ti]>;  dorsal  and 
anal  blaek  un  baaal  half,  mottled  iliHtally;  eandal  mottled,  iiarro'wiy 
«<lgwl  behind  with  white.  Two  specimena  from  Socorro  Isluud,  the  lon|;- 
«iit  14  inches  long.     (Oilbert.)     (S^ko;,  Btrange;  otfoi'$,  tooth.) 

Calalomut  xenadmt,  {'rtLEiP.RT,  FrucU.S.  Nnt.  Man.  1890,  TO,  Socorro  Island  (Coll  Atba- 
troiM);  JoUDA.N,  UeVifsW  Lubfold  Fliihe», KH?.  18S0. 

648.  SPARISOMA,  }^walii80D. 

(ViEJAS.) 

Sparimina.  Swaixkon.  X«t.  IIIhI.  Cliuis.  FigbpK.  etc  ,  n,  227. 183B  (oHW[/(iarrfi). 

Scartu.  Ulkkkkk,  Vprsl.  Akml.  Wxl.  AnuUtnlaiii,  xn.  Scttrijld,  3,  1861  {erttentit;  not  of 

KomkAlK 
aumaruM,  JoKDHJt  11  EvEliMAim,  ChrakList,41A,  18M  (errtMirf*). 

Lower  pharyngual  broader  than  lony,  subhexaiKoiial,  itH  surface  moder- 
ately concave  or  liiittiah;  teeth  in  eaeb  jaw  largely  coalostent  in  adult, 
their  tips  more  or  lea.s  Reparnte  in  the  youn^,  tho  edge,  eitpeoially  of  the 
lower  jaw,  retiittiuiiig;  uneven  ;  the  luedian  suture  in  eaeb  jaw  prMcut,  but 
not  well  defined;  1  tu  I  radiating  caiiiaes  Hiiatetimcs  present  on  eaob  aide 
of  upper  jaw  abo\o  it»  cutting  edge; "  gill  nicuibraiieB  broadly  united  t« 
the  isthmus;  dorsal  spiuen  |imigent;  iipptrlip  double  for  iteeutiie  length  ; 
lower  jaw  projeitiiig  beyond  npper;  lateral  lino  not  interrupted,  pttMsing 
gradually  from  itn  «ow  of  s<:a!e8  posteriorly  to  the  series  next  liebjw  it; 
titlien  of  lateral  line  much  branched;  Hcnb't<  about  head  large,  those  on 
cheek  in  11  ain^to  row,  those  on  the  median  line  in  front  of  dornal  3  or  4  in 
number.  .SjiecieB  id"  rather  amall  ni/.c,  most  of  them  Amertiau;  some  of 
tbem  showily  colored.  Sptiri^oma  cre/enirf*  (Linnjcus)  the  .Vcarifa  (6Hnfjos) 
of  the  ancients  is  the  only  memlrer  of  this  family  found  in  Europe.    It  is 


*  In  ••line  RiH'cips  liiiviug  ncnnBlly  I  or  more  caniue  teeth,   H»aie  or  all  of  tbcm  are 
OGcaaioDuUy  uumsot,  on  out:  or  Ijutli  itide». 


1628         Bulletin  ^j,  United  States  National  Museum, 


!in  ally  of  f^parUoma  flareneens.  We  begin  the  pronp  with  the  smnllest 
aiitl  most  {TeueraLizud  ibrtns,  tho»e  wbosu  dtriititiou  approju-lies  ueaieat  to 
Cniptotomiii  an<l  its  Labroid  anw-atoM.  {6ita.pof,  Sparus,  aueieDt  atum:  of 
some  iSiiarold  lish ;  doj/Hi,  budy .     i^paniM  is eaiil  to  be  Iraiu  tSnuipcQ,  I  gaap. ) 

Sl-ARISOMA : 
a.  TTppcrjair  with  onn  or  mort*  t'aninrH  alioTp  itii  riittiufi  ed^o  (tlit^n  ocraaionally  oltHo- 
)ol«  on  utio  cir  linth  nidi-Al :  roluratiuu  ufU^w  lirlUiaiit. 
b.  L'niiilti)  IriiiK'ateorMliglitl;  ruiiniliKl,  the  anglwi  nut  acutv. 
e.  Poalcrior  oanini-B  2  tn  t  OD  earh  aide. 

li.  Caixlnl  fill  with  iniirt'  or  1c«fi  ciT  block  on  poaterior oiargiii, yollowlali  nt 
baiu';  annl  Mjrht  blutKli  uud  rccUlixb,  Wn  tip  diiHky.  caninca atrong, 
4  (rarvly  :i)  on  chiIi  hMv,  4  or  5  x-ulnn  on  i-bK«k.  Culur  olive  greeD 
nliciv4^,tDO(iled  aiii}  jipeckJ(H)  witb  ri*«l ;  HDniit  witb  liltK?  Iiu«n;  abluo 
band  aniimd  lowfr  jnw  ;  axil  tind  hikAe  uf  pttcloral  \\rr%^\t  biuo-blju:k; 
lliin  iiiOHtly  liijlit  iiraQge  and  veUow  XVSTRUUON.  2039. 

dii.  Caudal  liii  nitimiit  bluck  in  tlii<  adult:   I  or  2  mort;  or  lees  diatinct 
whiliftli  bars  airona  tbi-  cliiii. 
f.  CanljieH  :i  or 4  un  cacb  Hide,  mdiiilinz  borixontally :  nxil  with  llttio 
ur  no  blue,  but  witb  n  dusky  blnt<:li  purtly  liiddeu  by  tbo  fit): 
front  Btei']H<r  and  leas  curv(.-d  than  ia  hojttomytda ;  body  and 
Una  iuottl«<l,  but  niiich  \e»s  ho  tliun  in  hoplvmyttaac. 
f.  Coninea  'i  on  caib  aide;    purcs  uf  lutentl    lino  nith  bnt  2 
bnincbes',  aides  of  head  mucb  dotted  with  black ;  candbl 
barrwi.  athma  riitji,  2040. 

ff.  C«iiae:a4onoai'li  tilde :  tubcttof  lateral  lineinurh  brauobed; 
ft  diittinet  unrron-«trt<ak  or  blue  downward  and  forward 
frnm  eye;  i-ando)  nearly  plain, duaky  oliroi  anal  mot 

tM.  HAUIAK:I^WI1. 

ee.  ruuiniw  i  <ir  3  on  facb  aide;  miliary  re^noD  pxtonaively  det<p 

blue  iu  life,  tbis  fi»miiDg  n  lar;;**  blut^'.b  around  nufl  on  biMo 

uf  pectoral:  a  curved  acrioa  of  aiuoll  while  npecka  around 

tbo  idnc  on  bnHO  of  p<H:loraJ ;  body  di-ep  and  robuat ;  lln(>  ull 

niiittTril.  the  anul  w Ith  .1  diirki^r  art>iui:  body  witli  3  faint  pale 

Irns'tiwiMialriMiks,  more  or  \i»»  oliwiirp;  2  of  the^e  bnund 

u  niorc^  ur  \.k»h  inlemipt<.Ml  dusky  band  from  <<ye  to  baiw  of 

i-iiiidal.  lioPLKMrsTAX,  !!A42. 

ee.  Poatoriiir  (laniiiK  »ln)j;le  nu  earli  aide:  boxl.v  rather  atout.    Color  gmylsh 

olive,  ctiwuly  Hpeckk'd  with  wliitiab  and  dnsky .  lower  half  of  body 

abniptly  puler  I'ruru  tt<v«<l  of  eyi';  upper  hiilf  witb  u  narrow  whitish 

RtriiHt  t'onlliiciit  Kiili  (bl^  liark  from  iiupn  toi'iid  of  doraul;  tbi>  ]u>rl  uf 

l)nL'k  Ih'Iow  thia  cruanrd  by  irrt'giilur  dually  baia  which  vnd  abruptly  at 

level  of  eye;  louver  JiulF  wilb  obiictire  Jiale  leuglbwiite  atraaka;  a  black 

HI>ot  BA  large  oa  pupil  on  end  uf  operrlo :  axil  and  baacof  |ier (oral  dark: 

dorwl  gray,  tbrnuuttoiit   motlled  wiili  jwle  ood  vaguely  barred  oad 

■pitted  with  bl)irkl«b :  caudal  dark  olive,  with  narrow  fialo  croaa  l>arB; 

abroad  olive  eroiin  bar  at  haae.  uiial  i-alored  like  soil  doraal.  rentral 

foiiiUy  barre<i :  pectoral  plain:  cbln  witb  3 broad  silvery cnwa  bars, and 

2  Irrvgulor  ban  oi  dark  ollvn.  niphorlbb.  2043. 

tb.  Caudal  fin  .Muiply  Innale,  the  outer  rnys  more  or  leas  oxsertod.  lint  not  twice  nn 

long  as  the  inniT  ruyii' and  niiub  nhorter  Chan  the  bead:  caaino  aiogle  on 

each  side  (rarely  obaetete  or  diipliriitod). 

g.  Head  witb  a  senrlel  niri|ie  from  below  eye  la  angle  of  naotltll;  a  small 

acarlet  streak  t>eliinil  eye:  e»kircbicHy  |iurpliah  brown;  a  round  spot 

of  yrliiiw  aud  iiluek  liebiiid  beail.Jiial  bt:)ow  lateral  lluo;  tins  cbietly 

red;  auKluii  uf  caadul black;  axillary  aput  oUscun*. 

araOPRBNATDM,  2044. 


Jordan  and  Evtrmann. — Fishes  of  North  Amerim.     1629 


gg,  Haad  witboat  Hfiarltfl  Blrip«i. 

A.  P««lnral  vvr.v  l<iui;  aD(i  ihwp,  b  in  body  -,  iMdy  browalih,  not  ntrip<>d ,- 
DO  uxilUiy  siMil.  OXYBRACIlim,  2(M5. 

AJk.  PM^tnrnl  ni<><leratc.  low  ihan  I  Icnfth. 

(,  Color  ilark  mliliuli  lininrn,  nnlli  wliilr  rooltllngs;  no  yellow  or 
l>lar  k  ii|Kit :  iK'lly  nbrnptly  ri'di  lliiK  nioatly  cberry  red :  ax- 
illary H]Mit  alM<>lp1«;  body  miliar  dwp;  Hcolen  larp«,  llinir 
tiulliticH  wi-ll  dcliiw).  ABIUMJiUHUt,  2l>Jfl 

a.  C^lor  bniwninli,  wllli  a»rl  [MUploiiKilndinal  mreaka,  tlieu|>|ier 
rumitu)'  i<>  '■  fulnt  poJu  blotili  on  limk  of  UUI  between  3 
drii-h'briiirn  liliitt  lie«i  raiiclul  ilixtiDctly  pHle  mlged  Iwlilcd 
uriil  iiiiiro  iHxIiiK'tly  barml  tlian  in  .V.  finwtetni;  ii|iot  at 
biksi'  lit  [H-i  lornl  liri>\mi<ih  and  very  Taint:  about  4  xinnlJ 
■liiHky  l>l(it<:)ii>Ji  nIoUK  tiam'  of  dornal,  tli<'  Intt  nue  inont  dia* 
tinrt  ut  b:)HO  «)f  IjiMt  ray;  raiidnl  with  nmuy  c>i-u»h  liurfi  And 
bliilchen;  aiiont  diiHky:  chin  with  ]  or  2  wliitiah  criHia 
ban:  oaiidal  cuncuve,  witli  Hbarp  angloa;  domal  and  anul 
mutlU'd  wiib  brawn:  {wcturaU  and  ventrnU  plain;  young 
with  dark  niwrouUr  blotch  and  dork  pnlnta  about  pyn. 

Iil«TINrTC.M,20*7. 

UCi.  Osodal  (In  in  adult  dof ply  forked,  Iho  npper  lobe  about  an  Ion;;  no  the  head, 

and  twice  or  more  tho  length  nf  tlic  iimer  rny«;  ruiidal  lln  VAricKated. 

y  (?anLui-H  H  ur  i  on  oacb  aiilu;  pores  of  ]at«rtil  Ijnu  oxrejtnlvcly  branchod, 

CAi'b  with  ooverni  (I  to  81  much  dividnl  liraurlicn.     I'olur  hri);bt  {;rc«n- 

Ub  blu«(tb(iaidva  Domntlinva  with  ii  blue  bauil) :  caudal  lobes  blue>,  tho 

iniddlc  ray*  red:  dorsal  and  annl  ml;  [lectoraU  yoIluMtah,  (bo  axil- 

Ury  Hpiit  lar^e,  black,  edjcixl  witli  red.  chhyhoi-tebi'ii, 'J048. 

^.  Coninoa  l  or2  on  each  Mdo:  upper  anil  lowrr  rauilal  Inttci  i^rocniah. 

k,  Operclea  without  blark  nird  yillow  ypol,  [iotoh  of  Ittl-oral  lino  each 

wltli  a  few  (4  or  S|  nearly  Kiiuplo  brauobsa.    I'cilur  iii  lifu  nhlelly 

li);bt  Idue,  without  sharp  m.irkluga,  fading  to  rPililiab  in  spirita; 

caudal  dull  erci-hLth,  tb(>  middle  raya  reddiafa  :  ollior  tins  luontly 

arurlvt;  iixlllary  xjiot  widl  di'tlninl.  uihith. 'J019. 

kk.  Operrle  wittinii  iuky  black  xput.JD  front  of  which  ia  a  Kuldon  itiHit: 

]  abort  blunt  eauiur;  no  xpot  at  baao  uf  pectoral;  nxil  dark 

witliin:  n  nlilto  blotvb   u<tar  root  of  caudal;  gill  uembraoes 

roil:  ]ieclc»rjtlH  dark  grvH^n  (materlnrly :  anal  ftnien  at  Itaae  and 

margin.  bri>wnlsb  in  Ibo  nilddlo:  i-atidol  xv-Kh  a  red  rrt'sccnl, 

HcpnrutL-d  by  a  (;n<4)n  hand  rrnni  tbti  triin!t]iart4rit  puat«rior  mar 

gtn.  viltlDK,  20SO. 

EpiscARng  (r5,  trni-;  uicaiKw,  aeama): 

aa.  ITppvr  jaw  never  with  posterior  lateral  conlneai  colors  duU,  uaually  mottled  brown 

or  p-eeniah. 

J.  Caudal  atiBhUy  ruuiidt-d,  ihe  an^lea  not  priMliici-d. 

in.  Scalea  uf  lateral  llui-.  and  aomv  on  na|H^  and  uprrcloa  black;  doraal  apiuea 
atout,  ollvti,  the  vvrtiral  Una  edged  with  violot;  axil  violet. 

I«TBI'JATTTX,  2051. 
U   I'nudal  lunatti,  or  triinrato  with  aharp  angU^a  (mundud  in  tlio  very  young). 
II    Ciudiil  tin  dl.stinutly  barred  willi  irregular  brown  stpota  and  markingit. 
o.  Body  without  distinct  palo  longitudinal  atn-aku  above;   caailal  not 
erideully  pale  edged;  apnt  on  Iwae  of  |>ec'toral  blackiab  and  dla- 
tiuet;  no  evident  pale  or  dark  bioU'ben  uu  buek  of  tail. 
p.  Cnudal  liiuitte  or  aubtruncate  in  ailult,  rounded  in  yoang.    Geu- 
ifral  i-ulor  oiivar(<uuK  nr  niidi.Kii  liruwn.  cliinded,  and  waabi.<d 
with  ehi<rry  red;    lower  tlua  luoatly  reil:    pecturala   light 
orange;  chin  palo,  with  n  whltixb  cross  band. 

FLA  VB8CB.N8, 2052. 


1C30         Bulletin  /7.  United  States  National  Museum. 


pp.  (^ftadal  trancate,  not  nt  nil  liutmte  in  Uie  adult,  tbe  aii|0ca  t«tj 

•iigUtlr  iiroduotnl. 
1).  ('o\OT  olir.ic<'oii8  iir  bluish  ereeo.  a  wbitiah  atreak  bdow 
moutli :  a  (lark  Htillory  »\to%  nt,nMy  pre^wDl .  a  whijliab 
haiiil  an  •  audal ;  lins  (lottml.  BrBlllpmrB,2033. 

tM.  Caudal  tin  nnl  rrosalurrnl. 

r.  Axillary  M]iiit  black,  rrry  illntiDCt;  <mter  raya  of  rAndal  eoiulil«r- 

iihly  iiriHliii'til,  tbu  InuKlli  of  exBorted  part  ^Ut\  thai  of  head. 

f.  Cwnilal  riMl,  iU  outer  rayn  ^re«u:   axillary  spot  very  dUtioot; 

iKHly  uli  viironno.  nearly  plain,  rcddiab  Iwlow :  aome  gneoiab 

liliic  on  Ill-ad;    a  ruint  )^re«niiib  otri-ak  niDDiDiE  baekirani 

from  tile  Biigln  of  i\w  month.  naACHiaxs,  19064. 

n.  Caudal  violao'Oua.  iU  outer rajn  \  bead;  a  dark  spot  at  baaeof 

pc I'tural ;   color  dnaky  red,  acalea  of  bark  aud  aidc«  vltfa 

red  ttpota.  KASciiAUSiyiLoa,  aoss. 

rr.  Axillary  xpol  faint  or  wanting:  coloration  unifonu  dark  pTir|>Uali 

viulet:   :i  largu  acalea  ou  ibrek;  diinutl  gpinca  rather  ak-nder. 

but  pungent;  caudal  emarginatc-;  tnlM-»  of  each  Mcale  uf  lateral 

line  ninrh  ramified  and  extvudin;  over  tbe  irhole  scale;  teetli 

of  toudvrate  vise,  \tTy  diitiact  un  the  edgea  of  the  Jaws. 

Subgenus  SPARISOMA. 

i(a».  8PAU180IA  XTSTR0DO?r.  Jordan  ic  Swain. 

Heatl  3  (3^  witli  caudal);  dppth  25  (38).  D.  IX,  10;  A.  II,  9;  scales 
2i-'_'4-6.  liody  obloufi;.  .fawn  ymle;  npper  jaw  witb  3  or  4  exserted 
caniiica  ou  uach  Hide  sihovo  tbe  cutting  edge,  tlie  Iftrgest  in  front  of  the 
single  of  tbe  iitoutli,  tiirvwl  oiitw.iril  and  soiuewhat  backward,  tbe  otbera 
fartliir  f'orvrnrd.  1  oi'  them  beiii^;  near  tho  niediaii  sutiiri;;  upper  lips 
covering  most  of  npjier  jaw.  Eye  moderate,  ii  iii  head;  Rnoiit  blnntish, 
2f ;  cheek  witb  1  tow  of  4  or  5  gcalea;  pores  of  bitural  lini'  oach  with  S 
to  6  liraticlii-ft,  I'ovcriiig  most  of  the  scale;  4  scales  licfore  dorsal ;  pectoral 
broad,  its  ii])piT  iin;;li'  broadly  rounded,  not  reacbiiiii;  tttnch  past  tips  of 
ventrsls.  Caudal  (iti  slightly  fonvex  wheu  spread  open,  its  oiitpr  rays 
scarcely  as  loitg  us  mi<ldlo  ones,  1^  in  bend.  Color  in  life,  lirigbt  olive 
green  above,  ]ialer  below,  tbe  upper  parts  very  miicli  mottled,  speckled 
with  white  and  mitrbled  with  « oppery  red  on  various  scales;  head 
similarly  grren,  dotted  with  whitish  alwve,  a  narrow  ring  of  bright 
blue  above  t-ye,  interrupted  aljove,  a  blue  stripe  from  it  straight  to 
angle  t»f  month;  blue  and  coppery  uiarkiug«  ou  opcrclc;  lower  part  of 
heail  ligbl  yellow;  a  blue  luinil  around  lower  Jaw;  axil  and  a  spot  at 
base  of  pectoral  in  front  ubnve  deep  blue  black ;  dorsal  orange  tiesh  color, 
its  tip  puli;r:  ciiudal  yellow  at  base,  pal(>r  beyond,  its  posterior  portion 
more  or  less  jet-black,  the  (in  witbu  few  whitish  dots  toward  the  ba«e; 
auul  tight  bliiisb  mid  reddixb,  its  tip  dnsky;  ventrnis  pale;  iMotorals 
light  yellowittb  ;  jtiiing  ofoiKTcle  Ul.ieliisli.  Other  specimens  having  the 
eiiine  raarktiigs  were  pearly  liliiisb  rather  than  j^reen  abov«-,  lirid  below  ; 
the  blue  on  head  paler,  the  red  of  it  ]il);bt  yellowish  carmine,  iSoue  hi^bly 
colored  spKcinietiH  are  gmuni-r,  witb  belly  bright  yellow,  brightest  at 
tliroat;  anal  anil  c!ui<1;i|  chi<-ily  jet-Ulack.  lii  spirits  thi5<  species  is  dark 
olive  green  above,  paler  beiow;  caudal  aud  anal  very  broadly  margined 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1631 


Tritli  block;  blnok  bar  across  ba»e  of  pectoral  very  distinct.  The  amoimt 
of  block  on  caudal  and  unal  st'cms  to  depend  ou  agn,  the  very  yoiiug 
showing  acnrcely  any.  West  Indies,  north  to  Key  West,  generally  com- 
mon, bat  confused  with  other  B|>ecice.  Tliin  species  ih  found  in  eelgrasa 
and  Fucut  about  Key  West,  in  company  with  S.  hoiilomtjtiits,  and  in  e<inally 
abundant  with  tlie  hitter.  It  reacbea  a  Htill  amiiller  ai/e,  none  of  the 
many  opecioiQivH  Qbtain(.*<l  exceeding  Ti  inclii38  in  length.  Those  are  sexu- 
ally maturo.  One  or*.*  Rpeciuiens  of  thJH  speties  were  seen  in  the  mitrkot 
at  Havana,  anil  muny  speL-imeua  were  obtained  by  the  AlhnlT»»t  at  St. 
Lucia.  Dr,  Beau  found  the  upet^ica  at  C'ozuniel.  {iVdipoy,  a  scrap^or; 
o5ot>;,  tooth.) 

Hpiirimma  Xj/ttro<lon,3aut)A)l  it  Svtxts,  Proc.  t*.  S.  Nkt.  Ma«.  188i,  W,  Key  West;  Havana 
<Typo.  So.  35174.  ('ull.  JoriJiui  &Uyol;  .loHDAH.  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat  Miu.  1884,  lil7;  BuJ<, 
Boll.  U.  S.  Fiali  Coiiiin.  1888. 198;  Jobiian.  Koriow  Labrotd  Fishes.  0T8. 1880. 

SMO.  SPABIHOHA  ATOSABirM  (Pn«y>. 

ProiUe  regnlar,  the  fonn  elegant;  depth  3.Ji  in  total  length;  eye  4^ 
in  head;  3  po.i'terior  canines;  sralen  of  luteni)  line  with  but  2  Hinalt 
branches  diverging  at  tKise;  caudal  trunciite.  Color  ctiniiino  r<>d  in  life, 
paler  below,  with  pab"  etreukri  along  tbe  rowa  of  f^calca;  anal  orange; 
branching  ^Kirea  Ixdow  orliit;  sides  of  bead  unich  dotted  with  black; 
canilal  with  pale  vertical  bundt;  soft  rays  of  dorsiil  and  :»nal  dotted ;  lucni- 
braui.<  of  lirat  2  dorsal  spines  dusky;  aniil  bhiiah.  Length  IL'O  mm. 
Ctiha  (Poey);  not  tu'cii  by  iis.    {alomariuH,  tuarkcd  with  atoms  nr  dota.) 

Seanu atonuiriut,  Porr. Hetuorliu.  u.  423.  1881,  Havana;  Post,  .Synopais,  343,  1888. 


3041.   SPAKISOMA   BADIAXK  (Cnrier  &  Valcmciennes). 

Head  3i;  dcptb  [i.  V.  I.\,  9;  A.  II,  9;  oyo  4  in  head;  snout  3;  scales 
14-26-6.  Rody  oblong,  comprosMt-d;  anterior  protilo  evi^nly  convex;  front 
steeper  and  le.ss  iirrved  than  in  .*?.  kop!omi/Hlai :  posterior  innines  4  on  each 
eidf,  radiating  horizoutally,  tho  anterior  canines  pointing  forward,  the 
lateral  c-urvt'd  Imck,  those  near  thi'  angle  of  tbe  nioutli  the  largest;  4 
Bcalen  before  dorsal  in  a  median  Hue;  ubout  ."i  Mculea  in  the  row  on  «lifek; 
scales  of  lateral  line  with  tubes  invich  brum-hcd  ;  pectoral  reaching  slightly 
past  the  tips  of  the  vcntrals;  laudal  truncate  or  slightly  rounded,  the 
angleN  not  acute.  Itody  and  Itnti  mottled,  biit  niucli  less  no  th.tn  in  the 
preceding;  reddisti  brown;  axil  with  little  or  no  (tine,  but  with  a  dusky 
blotch  partly  hidden  by  the  tin;  a  distinct  narrow  streak  of  blue  down- 
ward and  forward  from  eye;  candal  nearly  plain,  dusky  olive;  anal  mot- 
tled; 1  or  2  more  or  lews  distinct  whitiih  bars  aero-ts  chin.  West  ludiea, 
south  to  Itra/il,  not  rare,  Init  often  coal'oaufled  with  other  specicM.  Here 
described  from  H  specimens  taki'ii  by  tho  Atbalroat  at  Uahiti,  the  ori;riuaI 
lo<'aIity  of  S.  ratliniig.  These  agree  ho  well  with  S,  hitrimomim  of  Pocy 
that  We  regard  the  latter  species  an  identical. 

A  specimen  sent  by  Foey  to  th«  Mnscuni  of  Comparative  Zoology,  nhows 
tho  following  characters:  Color  in  spiritj*,  mottlod  brown,  the  laudal  sim- 
ilaily  mottled  and  faintly  barred;   no  doi'k  axillary  a}>ut;   head  plain; 


1632  DuUdin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


•loreal  mottle)!.  Candal  short,  trnncnte;  tiiheH  (if  Iat<-ra1  line  Httle 
brani'he*) ;  lioily  rathw  elongate,  the  di-ptli  3t  in  Icnj^fh;  purtoral  Nbort; 
2  strong  posti^rior  ranines,  hel'ori'  which  arp  nevernl  smaller  point«d 
teeth.  Another  Hpt>ciin<>ii  b.ta  -I  puiutc-il  teeth  ou  eixh  sid«  of  upper  jaw. 
Tbeae  prol>iil>l,v  bplong  to  Sparinoma  radianx.     {rtitliavt,  radiating.) 

Seam  radinn;  Ccvuk  Ic  Y ALF.SCXKS^KS.  Mist.  NaL.  Toiaa  .  XIV,  206, 1839,  Brull ;  GnCIIK- 

»OT,  Scarldei,  17,  1885;  note  on  tjrpM. 
Ap«ruwma  radiant,  Jordan,  lUn-iew  Lubmid  KiNliom,  (77,  ISM. 
Seartul<tcrimoiUt,'rorf,  Ucmorios,  ti,  422. 1861,  Havana ;  Porr,  Srynopsift  342,1868. 


e043.  KI>ARI.S<))I*  HOrMtXySTAX  (Copa). 

Hcml  Si  (3,^  with  ciiutlal);  depth  3}  (Si);  i\vc  iiiodrrnte,  4)  In  head ; 
Bnout  ruther  obtuse,  3,  V>.  IX,  10;  A.  II, ft;  seal**  2J-21-fi,  Biwly  obloiiR; 
a  single  stout  canine  directed  ontwnnl  and  nanally  alijjbtly  hnckwnrd  on 
oacb  Bide  III' upper  jaw,  isi  front  of  ttitgie  of  mouth;  a  second  canine  ofteu 
prt'sent  in  front  of  this;  a  Hniall  onnine  directed  downward  on  each  sido  ol 
front  of  upper  jaw  abovo  th<'  euttinft  edge  and  cIobr  to  the  median  Kutnre; 
upper  lip  i-overinn  moat  of  the  npiwr  jaw.  Chf-ek  with  1  row  of  Uvrpo 
8eal«8;  ])yri'H  of  lateral  Hue  oacb  with  4  t"  0  branches,  which  cover  nearly 
the  whole  of  the  si-ale;  i  acales  on  median  lint*  hcfore  dorsal  Pectoral 
broad  aud  fan-shaped  beliind,  not  naebini;  greatly  past  ventral ;  caudal 
slightly  convex  when  epread  open,  the  outer  rayn  scarcely  as  long  as  the 
median  ones,  U  in  bead.  Lower  ]diarynjjeal  neiirly  twice  as  broad  an  long, 
its  upper  Hurfacc  abiiortt  Hat,  Ichh  cr>uciiv«i  than  in  related  Kpuciea.  Color 
in  life,  uppoi  half  of  body  nlivc  green,  the  color  very  niueli  mottled  and 
speckled,  nuirldoil  with  whitisb  and  streaked  with  green;  lower  parts 
flcuhy  red,  eifiially  iind  sitnilarly  mottbMl;  tup  and  front  of  head  nio«t 
extensively  niottled  ;  sides  of  bead  similarly  mottled;  lower  jaws  usnully 
more  or  less  hrowu,  with  li  whitish  bands,  the  anterior  continuou8,  the 
posterior  of  4  separat*  whitish  blotches;  r-dge  of  o]iBrrle  bright  greenish 
bine;  axil  extensively  deep  blue,  with  nome  reddish  B])ots;  a  deep-blue 
blotch  on  base  of  pectoral ;  dorsal  colored  like  the  hack;  c.iadal  greenish 
at  ba-sv.  with  a  pale-ycllovviHh  band  and  some  small  whiti.sb  dots,  its  edgo 
blackiith,  tbe  lin  elsewhere  tr.-insluci'nt:  aual  dnll  gray  with  orange, 
mottled  with  brown;  ventralu  pal<>  Hesh  color;  the  yellow  and  orange  of 
fins  and  red  of  IteUy  bcromn  gr.iyisb  in  sjiirits;  the  blue  of  the  axil 
bceoiues  dark  greeu  iu  spiiitK.  bat  does  not  dis-ippear.  Length  of  type  &{ 
iuchcB.  West  Indies,  from  Key  West  to  Ilahia,  generally  common.  Hero 
described  from  the  typo  of  Sjiarhoma  ctiumtlette  from  Key  West.  This 
little  lish  is  very  abundant  about  Key  West,  where  many  specimens  were 
taken  with  the  seine  in  tbe  kelp.  None  of  these  wan  more  than  U  inches 
in  length,  aud  as  they  were  sexually  mature  at  that  sl/e  it  is  nut  likely 
that  they  grow  much  lnrgev.  Tbe  prevaleuceof  blue  around  tbe  base  of 
the  pectoral  in  a  strikiug  e(dor  mark  which  does  not  soon  disappear  in 
alcohol.    i>peciinens  wore  also  obtained  by  the  Albairoaa  at  St.  Lucia  and 


*Svaritoma  loeriinotvm.  arcorOinc  t«  Pmy,  is  notable  chiefly  forthe  4  i>ostoriorcaiiiiie», 
tliii  last  ttiriiiol  linrkwnril.  Camhil  trtiDcnti*  1,'nlnr  rii««.  a  l>li«<  Imnil  from  urliit  t<i  rom- 
mlnaiirp.  railinL'iii  .tpiritH;  lirm  Iirttwii  rii^i',  fttiaTly  uk.'irliloil;  |i«rtorHl  plain,  villi  iiu  axillary 
spot;  scale!  of  laUTal  line  with  1  tube,  fruiii  wtiii-li  apriug  i  niuoU  ramillcd  brancbea. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1C33 


nt  n&hia,  und  liy  Dr.  Beau  at  Cozumel.     (aitXov,  weapou;  fiixSra^,  npper 

jaw.j 

Labrus  radiatts,  CABTKLKAr.  Anlm.  Noav.,  «tc.,  Amiriqae  da  Snd,  28,  I88S1  not  Serniu 

radiant,  CrviKR  ik  VXLBM-IKNNIS. 
Searut  radians,  (;CKTiiKn,  Cat.,  IV,  211:  JoBOAM  &  GnAurr,  Synoptli,  006.  13B3:  not  of 

CUVIBB  Si.  VAI.K.ICIIISIlinW. 
Scanu  liiirplomyttnx,  iJoPB,  Trnng.  Am.  Thilo.  Soc.  18G9,  482,  St.  Martins.    <C(>11.  Dr.  J. 

SparUama  ci/anvtene,  JoRDAK  &  SwAIX,  Proc.  V.  S.  Nat.  Mdr.  18ai,  OM,  Key  West  (CuU. 

Jonlan  A  Ojf) ;  Bean.  Hull.  17.  S.  Flsli  Comni.  1888,  lUK. 
Sfiarisoma  huptotiiyHar,  JunUA.s,  ll«vii<w  Labruld  FUtit.«.  077,  pi.  10, 1800. 

304S.  SPARISOHA  NIPHtmi,i:.S,  .I«nlau  ,V  04>llroaii. 

Head  3f  (4  with  caudal);  depth  3|  (4^);  eye  moderiite,  44  in  head; 
snont  obtuse,  2*.  D.  I.\,  10;  A.  11;  ecales  li-2't-^.  llody  oliloug.  A 
aiiinll  CEiuiiKi  directed  downward  on  each  Hide  in  front  of  upper  jaw  above 
catting  eilfje  ami  close  to  the  median  suture;  another  single  utont  cnniue 
directed  outward  and  bjn-kwiird  on  eftt'h  side  of  tbti  upper  jiiw  in  front 
of  angle  of  mouth;  upper  lip  covering  most  of  upper  jaw;  clieekrt  with 
1  row  of  5  largo  araU*s;  tiibts  of  latur:il  line  eai'b  with  3  to  5  brauehe.'s, 
nsually  3;  4  scales  on  incdifln  line  before  doraitl.  Caudal  truncate,  the 
oater  rnys  not  prodnretl,  1*  in  bead.  Color  hi  spirits,  brownish  olive,  the 
color  so  mottled  and  speckled  with  whitish  as  almost  to  hide  the  ground 
color;  head  luaeli  speckled  with  bluish  :iud  Idai-k;  dark  epote  smaller 
and  more  delined  ou  top  of  huad;  browuiali  regions  most  proiuiueut 
around  eyes  and  lower  part  of  (^het'ks;  chin  crossed  by  a  silviTy  band, 
behind  which  is  a  browni.sh  t>.ind,  and  then  a  row  of  six  fiilvery  apots,  of 
which  the  lowermost  are  largettt;  iin  ill-deliiied  whitish  bsind  from  lower 
luar^tu  of  eye  across  oponle  oouuecting  with  one  above  baao  of  peetoraLn; 
sr ales  Oil  body  marked  like  those  on  head;  Jaws  pale;  black  sputa  more 
prominent  above  lateral  lute,  the  white  below  pectorals;  above  5  bliiish- 
wliitc  striped  following  rows  of  scales,  thu  one  above  lateral  Line  most 
firomtucDt,  the  one  under  lateral  line  not  distinet;  between  the  band 
above  lateral  lino  and  the  one  abnvr  base  of  pectorals  are  5  slightly 
oblique  dusky  blotches,  of  which  the  third  (from  the  huad)  in  least  distinct; 
the  last  4  extend  011  dorsal  fin ;  region  around  caudal  liu  brownish,  the 
Mpots  less  distinct;  .'i  siuall  Idack  humeral  spot;  2  scaloa  in  fri>ut  of  dorsal 
dark;  axil  rather  dark;  dorsal  with  4  distinct  darker  mottled  areas,  the 
lirst  between  tilth  and  seventh  si»ine»,  the  spfond  between  last  spine 
and  third  ray,  the  third  at  b:me  of  iiftb  and  sixth  rays,  and  the  last  at 
eighth  and  ninth  rays;  upper  part  of  soft  ilorsal  with  2  or  '.i  rows  of 
brownish  spots;  caudal  brownish  with  1  or  5 narrow,  wavy,  white  vertical 
bars,  of  which  the  last  2  are  most  ]ironiineDt;  anal  with  3  darker  areas, 
its  markings  HiuiHar  to  those  on  dorsal;  pectoral  yeliowiah,  spotted  at 
base  and  near  tips  of  rays;  ventrals  faintly  brownish  and  indistinctly 
spotted  with  white.  Known  from  a  single  specimen  5i  iaehe«  in  length, 
taken  by  Ur.  Charles  L.  lOdwarda  at  Green  Turtle  Cay,  in  the  Bahamas. 
(yi^u/JXif;,  snowed  upon,  from  the  white  spots,) 

Sfiaritvma  niphohU;  Jorda.v  it  BollHas.  I'roc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mns.  18S8,  551,  Green  Turtle 
Cay,  Bahamas  (CoU.  C  L.  Etlwardu) ;  JoRDAir,  Kevlew  Lubroid  Fisbea.  877,  litUO, 


1634 


Bulletin  /7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


2044.  NI'AKIMOJIA  ACKOFBE>'ATCH  (Covier  &:  yalonciCDnMI. 

Head  Si  (J  with  caudal} ;  ilo|ith  '2\  (3^).  D.  IX,  10;  A.  II,  9;  scales 
2\-2i-6.  Itody  <'lli)>tiral-iililoiig;  eye  rather  large,  1}  in  bead;  snoat  not 
blunt,  1^  in  head ;  i-hevk  wttU  u  single  row  of  4  or  5  lar^^e  scales;  4  si'&lcfi 
ou  median  line  liL-Ture  dorsal ;  3  before  vt^ntrixlH;  pore«  of  lateral  line  much 
branched,  covHriii};  mOHt  of  the  scaloB,  Pectoral  reaching  well  past  tips 
of  ventralii;  camlul  tin  tnoderately  luuato,  the  n]ipcr  ]oli«  the  longer,  H  ■>> 
head,  H  times  len);t,h  of  middle  rays.  Teeth  lesH  distinct  than  nsiial  in 
thid  type,  the  edge  of  the  upper  jaw  nearly  entire,  the  edge  of  the  lower 
jaw  wore  uneven.  A  small  cauiuo  in  front  of  the  anglu  of  the  moath  on 
each  side  (this  olisolctu  uu  both  Hides  of  1  of  the  3  specimens  <'\amined}. 
A  small  canine  near  suture  of  upper  .jaw  on  both  sides  usnully  present; 
nppor  lip  covering  more  than  \  of  upper  .jaw.  Color  in  life,  pnrjilish 
brown,  hi-coming  reddish  uu  sidos,  and  tinally  livid  greenish  below;  bead 
porplish-violet  ,'tbuitt  eyes;  sides  of  head  with  a  atiipe  of  vivid  scarlet 
running  from  comer  of  month  .jOHt  betlow  and  slightly  past  eye,  a  second 
short  streak  of  th<>  same  color  above  thi;  tirst  behind  the  eye;  jaws  pale 
in  color;  a  golden-orange  8)>ot  rafh)<r  Hinaller  than  eye  on  .ind  below  the 
lifth  scale  of  the  luteral  line,  its  nipiHir  {lortion  black;  dorsal  orange,  slaty 
at  base  posteriorly;  caudal  acarlel  at  hiiwe,  then  Mood  reil,  yellowish 
in  the  center,  whitish  behind,  tlie  projecting  tips  of  both  lobe.s  black, 
the  wholi!  lln  faintly  mottled  and  barred  with  dusky;  anal  rriinson,  its 
edge  light  blue;  ventrals  livid  [lurplish  ;  pectoralN  light  yellowish,  bluish 
in  axil,  dusky  at  base  iu  frout.  In  spirits  the  orange  and  red  colors  fade 
to  light  yellowish  ;  a  nion' or  less  distinct  dark  stripe  on  each  row  of  scales 
below  the  liiternl  lino,  paler  on  lower  rows;  pale  greenish  about  eyas; 
dusky  on  suoiit  above;  edge  of  scales  on  body  above,  and  on  sidee  more 
or  lo.ia  dusky.  Length  of  example  descrilied  from  Havana,  8^  inches. 
West  Indies;  rather  common  .it  Havana,  Others  examined  are  from  Cnba, 
Sombrero,  St.  Thomas,  and  .St.  Lucia.  In  color  it  is  one  of  the  most  strongly 
marked  and  haudsomext  species,  (aurmn,  gold;  franalu*,  bridled;  in 
alhiHiou  to  the  scarlet  baud  backward  from  the  month,  which  is  vermil- 
ion nithcrthau  golden,  for  which  reason  Poey  baa  substituted  the  name 
miHio/reiiatiiii. ) 

Seanu  aunifrenatut,  Cuvieb  St  TalxmciKWXSS,  Hist.  Nat.  PoiH.,  xrr,  191,  ICIS,  San 
Domingo  (Cult.  Rleuntf;  tirNTHEn,  Cot.,  IV,  2J2;  (3 t'K'HESOT,  SdarMea,  Mn«.  Parj*, 
13,  18fl5;  Coi'E,  Trans.  Am.  Philiw.  S««.  1«71.  4Cl. 

Seanu  miniv/reriatit*,  I'OBY,  Menuiria.-*,  II.  270,  393,  1860.  Cuba. 

HjiarUnma  attro/renatum,  JvKtiKH  6:.  8wal\,  Proc.  V.  S.  Xitt.  Mtis.  1884,  06;  JuRDAfr, 
Pnx!.  U.  S.  Nut.  Man.  18%,  47,  Jouhan,  Upvi«w  Ls<>roid  FlxUoa,  075,  18M, 


8046.  KPABIKOHA  OXTBRACHirM  iPooy). 

Head  nearly  4;  depth  3^ ;  eye  4^  in  liead,  1}  iu  snout,  1  in  distance  to 
mouth.  A  small  posterior  canine  on  the  right  aide ;  lower  jaw  roughest; 
linti  of  belly  less  curved  than  in  S.  dittiiirtiim;  scales  of  lateral  line  with 
3  branohea.  Caudal  trnncate;  pectoral  sharp-poiute<l  and  very  long,  5  in 
total  (ti  in  S.  ditttHctum).  Color  brownish,  without  longitudinal  iitreaks, 
hme  of  scales  darker;  lower  parte  yellowish,  reddish  in  life;  fins  yellow- 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1636 


iab  or  reddish,  nut  spotted;  no  ilark  axillary  spot;  peotor&l  with  white 
points  ut  boMe.  Length  1210  tiiiii.  Cuba.  (Foey);  prolmbly  not  dietinct 
ttomSparitoma  abildiiaariti.     ((ift'?,  tihnrp;  fiftaxiay,  tarn.) 

Sumuoxf/hraehiiu,  I'nEY.  Syooiwis.  34L'.  1868.  Havana, 

2046.  NriKtS4)lA  ADII.IMJ.tJlKIII  IIUocli>. 
(ICKI)   fABIlOTriSil;    KoSHnACK    I'AABOT.) 

Head  3Jt  (8$  with  caadal);  depth  2|  (3^).  D.  IX,  10;  A.  11,  9;  scalei; 
2^24-6.  Body  rather  deep;  n>  small,  blnntiah  canine  on  each  side  of 
tipper  Jaw  in  front  of  aiiglo  of  tniiuth;  upper  lip  cuveriug  moat  of  upper 
jaw.  Head  rather  nhnrt;  eye  ratlu'T  largo,  4^  In  head;  atiout  ntther 
ncute,  2i;  rbeelcs  with  a  single  mw  (if  large  Biiilea;  each  pdro  of  lateriil 
line  with  r>  to  8  branches  covering  most  of  the  scale;  4  scales  ou  median 
linr  bei'oro  dorcal.  Pectorals  rather  longer  and  sharper  than  in  related 
apeciex,  not  reaching  far  past  tips  of  ventrals;  caudal  fin  lunate;  the 
middle  a  little  convex  when  Hprea<l  open,  the  outer  rays  ntightly  pro- 
dneed,  the  upjier  rays  1 A  in  head  in  the  largest  specimens  examined.  Color 
in  npirits,  iilnmst  plain  dark  bro«  ii,  aumewhat  mottled  with  paler;  a  few 
dark  dots  on  opercle,  the  edge  of  the  opercio  lieing  uiore  or  less  blackish; 
jinlo  gray  below,  from  tip  of  lower  jiiw  to  oaiidul;  teeth  [lale,  tinged  with 
reddish;  jaws  pale;  nil  the  titm  pale,  the  dorsal  narrowly  edged  with  dusky, 
the  fin  somewhat  innttled  with  darker;  a\il  of  pectoral  patti.  the  base  dusky 
altove.  In  life,  the  doFHol,  caudal,  lower  tins,  and  belly  iiro  bright  cherry 
red;  rest  of  body  brown,  tinged  with  red;  pule  dot*  and  luottlin^a  on 
sides  of  head  and  on  budy,  West  Indies  Koittli  to  Bruiiil;  generally  com- 
mun.  Here  described  from  Havana  hpeeiniens,  S  iuehus  long.  (Narued 
for  Ahildgaard,  prufeKsor  iu  the  ruiversity  of  (.'openhagen,  author  of 
descriptions  of  worms,) 

rUja,  PXKIUL.  Deaor.  Dif.  PIccaa  Hiat  Kat.,  58.  pi. 28,  tl^.  3, 1787,  Cuba. 

fieam*  ahildgaardi,  Blucb,  Icbtbyol.,  pi.  ZTiD,  17BI,  America;  froiii  a  apeoimen  aeat  by 

Prof.  Ablldijaanl. 
litarui  eaeeineus,  Blocu  &  ScnirE[DEB,Syat.Tclitb;uI.,  289,  IBOl,  Cuba;  ullvrrAKlU. 
Starut  aunorvbtr,  LAC^rCUB,  HUt.  Nat  Poiaa.,  iv,  55, 1(13, 1803,  Martinique;  nu  a  ilrawiu); 

by  I'LUMIBB. 
Hcarut  amplu4,  SAXZAirt,  Nov.  Comm.  Aa  Soieiit.  Inat  Bnaan.,  3124,  taf,  5,  pi.  25,  1842, 

Brazil  {flda  Guichenot;  no!  nw-n  by  na.) 
S»iru*  erythriiioid**',  i-ivwBBHaT,  Soariiloa,  Mus.  Paris,  10, 18S5,  San  Domingo. 
^^ITU^  onjbrnchiut,  PoEY,  Synopiiia,  342,  UGH,  Cuba. 
M-ariK  alnldgaardl,  CrviKB  &  TAUMCismBs,  Hiat.  Kut,  Poiaa.,  xrv,  175,  18W:  Gl'NTnEK, 

Cat..  IV,  3ii0;  (iriciiEKOT,  Bearldea,  Mua.  ParU,  10;   PoKV,  Enameratio,  111;  Ctn-B, 

Trana.  Am.  PbUo*.  Soc.  1871, 4(8. 
tipariiioma  abiidyatirdi,  SWAINSON,  Nat  HiatChuw.  Fiabea,  etc.,  n,  237,  1839;  JoRD&M  & 

SWAis,  Proc  I'.  S.Nat. MiiH.  1884, «7;  JorpjUj,  Proo.  U.8.Nat.  Mua.  I««e,  47;  JoBPAK, 

Kevicw  Labroid  Fiaheii,<7«,  1800. 


8047.  liPARISUKA  PlSTIM'Tra  (Po«y>. 

Depth  31  in  length  ;  eyo5  in  head,  2  in  snout;  tiuout  sharp;  hody  deep, 
usually  a  small  puaterior  canine,  this,  however,  often  absent;  scales  of  lat- 
eral liue  with  a  central  tube,  which  l>ifuroat«8  and  which  has  a  very  short 


1636         Bulletin  47,  Untied  Slates  National  Museum. 


ftimple  brUQoh  at  Iiaso  (n  character  wbit^h  Hoparatos  the  apecifs  from  >4. 
frondo»*m).  Sides  with  l-t  ratber  fiiint  iliirk  Rtrcaks,  alt«rnatiD>;  with  3 
pale  oncx;  back  grcreiiish.  siiles  brown;  lielly  rosy;  lirst  dark  Htreak 
between  latcrul  litu'  ami  buuk;  second  broiiU.  frmii  opcrele  bai/kward, 
third  niirroiv  on  Hldea  of  Helly;  a  bbji-l<  axilbiry  apcit  above;  red  apota 
l>i»low  Jowyrjiiw;  pei-tornl  yellowish;  otlicr  fins  reddibb,  with  ])oint8  and 
BbudoB  of  I'itniiini';  n  pale  spare  on  citndal  pedniicle  bobind  dorsal.* 
Ciilia  and  Jamaica,  Boutti  to  Buhia;  not  ran'.  (Pwy.)  A  speciuieu  from 
BaLia  is  tliiia  dexcribril :  l)i-pth  3;  ranilal  lin  Ili)imt4<,  the  angloH  Hhort  but 
ttbarp  (rotindt*d  in  thu  very  young);  dentition  of  Sparinoma  flarttctnt; 
I'hbi'k  with  3  Hcalvs.  Mottled  olive  brown;  body  with  'i  or  4  pale  longi- 
tudin:il  streukg,  tb<^  upper  ninuiiigto  a  faint  pale  blotch  on  back  of  tail 
betwr'en  2  dark-brown  blotclieH;  candnl  distinrtly  jmle-odged  behind  and. 
more  distinrtly  barred  tha-n  in  S.  JlarmecH),  tho  margin  abruptly  whitish; 
spot  at  base  of  pectoral  brownish  and  v<'ry  faint;  about  l  amall  dusky 
bloti'hes  along  base  of  dorsal,  the  lo^t  ont'  most  distinot  at  ba.He  of  last  ray ; 
candul  with  many  cross  bars  and  bloti-hi's;  snout  dusky;  chin  with  1  or  2 
whitish  croHS  bars;  caudal  i-onrave,  with  sharp  angles;  dorsal  and  anal 
mottled  with  brown;  pectorals  and  ventralspltiiu;  young  with  dark  oper- 
cular blotch  and  dark  points  about  eye.  {diatinctu*,  distinct,  from  tha 
dark  streaks.) 

Seartu  dittinctut,  ToET,  Mcmoriita,  n,423,  IgSl,  Havaoa;  PoEr,  Kepertorto,  ll,  108 ;  FOBt, 

SyDCip»iA,  341 ;  I'ORV,  Knum.,  114. 
^arUonta  dintiiictum.  .Iobdan,  Knrlew  Laliroid  Fislica,  67<;  Jobdam  &  Rrrrvn,  Proc.  Ao. 

Nat.  Sci.  I'hila.  im.  1 19. 
Bcarvt /nmdotut,  (JCrnicK,  Cat.,  ir,310;  not  of  CrviER. 

M4S.  MPARISOMA  ('linVSOPTKRim  ittUU  i:  Sohneldor). 
(RLrs  PARBOT-TISH;  Vikja.> 

Head  3}  (4J  with  c.andal);  dcptt  2J  (31).  D.  IX,  10;  A.  II,  9;  scales 
2i-24-(i.  Body  oblong;  a  strong  eaiitne  directed  ontwnrd  and  backward 
toward  anjrle  of  mouth  iti  upper  jaw  ;  l»esi(lL>8  this  :ibout  3  smaller  canines 
toward  front  of  jitw,  cbioliy  turned  forward:  upper  lip  caviTJng  about 
i  of  upper  jaw.  Eye  5J  in  bond;  snout  not  obtiiai-,  '2^;  cheek  with  a 
single  row  of  3  or  4  large  wales;  enrh  pure  of  lateral  line  ramose,  many 
times  forked,  jind  covering  niostof  the  male,  the  portiH  more  branched  than 
in  any  otlier  ol  our  aperies;  4  Hcilos  on  tiiediaii  line  before  dorsal.  Caudal 
deeply  Innat*',  the  outer  rays  nuich  i>roduee(l,  uppir  lobe  the  lunger,  twice 
as  long  as  inner  rays,  as  lotig  as  head,  ('olor  in  life,  bright  blue,  almost 
everywhere  tinged  with  gn-en;  bead  and  portion  behind  pectorals 
brighter;  an  ill-detined  pale  band  on  lower  part  of  side;  dorsal  and  anal 


*  One  of  Poey's  types  of  Searu»  dirtinctus  is  In  the  Xationnl  Maaonni.  It  anfraes  very 
cUmely  with  .Ij'amoma  riibripinnr,  diffuring  ebietly  In  tli«  jireKCDri-  of  u  posterior  I'JUiine 
mill  ill  (li»  iiion*  t*hiir|»l\'  ilelint'd  rolnratuin.  SiM»cimen*  fnirn  jHinaien  dhow  thu  fiiUowiiiic 
cliurac:l.eira:  SiiU-a  uIivkcwiuh.  tuettlnl  with  itarker,  an  luclJHliiirl  ilurk  Laud  rniiu  ulmve 
pactural  to  oiiidal:  verllrftl  linn  mutlleil  «illi  liritlit  rcii.  i»iMilnll.v  p-mloriorlv.  tlio  candal 
lieine  entiroly  n-il  in  name  «)>LvituoiiM;  u  wWto  CTofa  blotoli  on  tuil  liiliinJ  dorsal;  llie 
hoIm  belownioiT  or  lexc  distinrtly  palp  pdeod-.  |iocton»l«  tilieod  witii  yt<llowi»li  olirc; 
TfintrnU  whit«;  some  ■iMTiiiieii'>  with  tiic  Iwlly  uml  veutrat  (lii.t  almost  eutiroly  rod,  the 
outer  rayt  ouly  Using  Wbito,  otbers  trllli  but  Uttlu  r«d  anywliero. 


Jordan  and  Evemiann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     1637 


and  middle  of  caiidal  britkrc-d;  tnlgc  of  caud.'i)  blue;  veutrala  Mnish 
gnu-ii;  pcctorjils  irreuiiiali  yeDow,  tbfiir  Idino  red  nriniiid  a  liirge  bini'lc 
spot;  teeth  bluish;  jiivvsiialr.  In  Hpirits  the  Ida*'  ih  iiioii>  or  less  faded, 
li-nviuj;  Ihr  fiiili  cliielly  K'e^i'j  dii.rki»r  on  hcatl ;  tlie  red  »iid  yellww  «f  I3u8 
become  pale  pnivish.  Accordiii);  to  I'oey,  tliin-*^  in  usually  n  diirfc  blue 
liorizoiitiil  KtiijKi  iilong  aidew  behind  inTtonil  tin.  l^cn^rth  of  t-xaniple 
di'si  ril)<'<l  (from  Ihiviiiiii)  IS  iiirb«t4.  West  Inilit^K,  imt  riin-;  ncorded  from 
('iitiJi,  tSt.  TliDitiitH,  Juiiiiiicii,  Miirtiniqiii-,  Gundeloupe,  i^an  Uoiiiiugu,  St. 
Croix,  St.  Kitts,  nndCahiH.     (^pftfo?,  ^oldeu;  nnpoy,  wingorliu.) 

Yi^a,  Pakka,  tVdor.  I>if.  I*ic>M«  HmI.  Not.  1787,  58.  pi. 28,  fig. 4,  Cuba. 

Saaru*  cAry«<>;i(;riur.  ISuxll  .^l:  Sciixkiiikk,  S.vhI.  Irhtb..  286,  pL  57,  IHOI,  American  aeaa; 

tgwns  N|tpar)<utly  Iroiii  a  dried  Hkiui  CrviEU  ic  Valkkciksmui,  Hist.  Mat>.  rulgH.,  xiv, 

1«$,  is:i«;  (;L'{mirH,<'iii.,iv,  12. 1842;  GinciiKMOT,  8caride«.Maa,  Pam,12.18»6;  Cope, 

TnuiH.  Am.  i'lilloB.Sim.  1871,482. 
Searut  etilorit,  Uux'tt  \-  8citNKlDrB,  Syat.  luUth.,  289,  1801,  Cuba;  alter  Paxka;  Goodb, 

Bua  1.^  S.  Nat.  Mne.,  v.  34, 1876. 
Scant*  lairralit,  I'oty,  Muinurina,  il,  219, 1860,  Cuba ;  POKY,  Synopais,  337, 18G8. 
tl  Scanii  tiiiaMrnt,'  Ol'icbE-NOT.  ScnridcM.  l.'>,  1865.  Bahia.     (Coll.  fiiiv.  dc  Oonive.) 
S)tarutrma  ehryinijleniin,  Johdah  &  SwAtn,  Proc.  V.  S,  NtiLMoe.  1884, Mi  JonUAN, Pn>c, 

D.  S.  Nut.  Miu,  1B«C,  47;  Joboan,  Bevtiiw  Labroid  Fiiliw,  674  IHW. 


8049.  8PARLS01U  LOIIITO.  Jonloji  &  Swain. 

Hea«l3lt  (4  vrith  ciiudal);  depth  2^  (30:  eye  rather  Iwge,  4}  in  head; 
Knout  ratht^riinito,  2}.  D.  IX,  10;  A.  II,  9;  scales  2,i-24-6,  Body  oblong, 
iDiidoi'Mtoly  ilecp;  1  or  2  siiiall  ciiaineB  on  ench  Hido,  dirc'cted  oiitwiird  aud 
buckwurd,  in  front  of  the  iiuglc<  of  tht>  moiitli,  1  ou  each  side,  2  on  the 
othi^r,  in  the  typic:il  spi-ciineii ;  upper  lip  covcriug  more  than  4  of  tipper 
j-iw;  cbeek»  with  a  aingto  row  of  hiTui^  seakis;  pores  of  ]:tter»)  liiiti  ]««« 
braneheil  th;in  nana]  in  this  genua,  not  covering  nearly  the  wliolo  gnrface 
of  the  avule,  those  ou  the  i-iuidal  jicdtinele  luust  branehcrl,  tho.'*)'  ou  the 
anterior  regioa  nio.stly  onto  or  twiee  forked;  4  scales  on  median  line 
before  dorsal,  t'ttpdul  lin  di-uply  Innate,  the  outer  rays  much  jiroduced, 
the  upper  lobe  slightly  the  longer,  nearly  twice  ii8  long  ns  inner  rays, 
and  nearly  as  long  as  head.  Color  iu  life,  pearly  Idat),  ttii'  *:olor  tuixed 
with  greenish  and  gray;  jaws  pjile;  teeth  pale;  dorsal  rediU»li,  tinged 
with  gray;  loben  of  eaiidal  griHMii»b  gray,  wasbeil  with  brown,  cenler 
of  rin  redilisb,  poBtorior  margin  grayish;  an.il  rather  dull  seiirlet  mixed 
with  gray;  ventralec  pinkish;  peetorals  light  yellowish  olive,  a  durk 
bloteh  at  ba«B  above.  Colnr  in  Hpirits,  brownish  olive  on  dorsal  ri'gion, 
grayish    olive   niixed    with    criuiNoii    ou    sidcH,   and    light    green   IhOow  ; 

*  tieanu  ipittuUiui  i»  thus  deHcribiHl  liy  Quirlienot: 

'•llody  obloiig,  the  aaout  sliglitly  convex :  ii[ij.cr  Jaw  rooEh  with  •allont,  fonlo  potnta 
In  2  or  3  irn'KaCirrowai  lower  .jaw  with  atrniig«r  t'runul/itlous  ami  tnarkml  by  teptli  In 
i|Ulnounx:  ^ralfia  of  lateral  Uiih  eacb  witba  JMiri?  having  a  Hluirtatem  and  »ondiii)(l>raiii' lies 
uT«r  tbe  wliole  aokle.  Caudal  lunate,  itH  nnglea  much  iinxiiicixl.  a»  Iuiik  nx  tloo  tin  ilM<ir. 
Cidur  Hilrery  red,  paler  b(*low,  each  acule  wltli  u  liruwu  apcit.  llrail  ml.  varii'd  witb  palti 
ycHuw;  liorwjj  reddiab:  anal  and  ventmls  yplluiv,  the  furmer  edged  \rith  violet  Caudal 
rod  medially,  tha  upper  and  lower  wIri-h  jind  tbi>  Intcrvnl  lietwtM'D  Ihem  violet,  u  Urge 
black  spot  at  baao  of  pectorals,  wliicb  urv  violt^t,  tslfit'd  witb  yellow.  Lvugtb  of  aole 
speeiuiwn  <fnini  Bahio)  42U  iiini..  lii  luiddlx  ray»  of  cuniTal  " 

Thia  vpecloa  is  evidently  clu.iu  tu  iiyantvrna  chryavjjtcrum,  bni  tbe  colora  are  not  tho 


1638         Bulldin  4^j,  United  Slates  National  Afuseum. 


Iiead  greenish :  [>urpli«li  on  cheeks,  lij^^'ht  gr««n  lielow;  lips  green;  doraal 
and  anal  urunge,  tliu  riivH  grayish  diiHk.v;  cniidal  jmln  orang<>,  th<^  outer 
riiys  greenish,  the  poHterior  margin  of  tin  duakv ;  vontrjils  Hesh  r«dor, 
tinged  witli  pinkiehi  iiectoralsoriiugL- olive,  tlie  I>a8*' of  upper  rays  with  a 
<l.irk  spot,  its  rixil  jmlo.  We^it  Indies.  Jli-re  desrrilied  from  tho  type,  an 
arliilt  ap>-(;inii-ii  10  incLea  in  IcDgtli,  taken  iit  liuvana,  (.Hitter  KpocinxMiBnre 
in  the  iiinHtniiii  nt  I'aniliritlge  t'roin  St.  Thomas,  i^oinHrcrn,  L<ar)ia<loi«,  and 
Ji-rt'iiiii",  llayti,  arid  in  Stanford  I'uuiTsity  Jmiu  Jamaica.  Although  it 
is  evidently  not  a  rare  spwies,  wu  are  iinablii  lo  idfutify  it  with  any  of 
those  deBcrihed  by  I'oey,  or  by  Cuvior  Jt  VttloucieuDea,  (forito,  Spanish 
diminntivo  of  \w»,  parrot.) 

SgvritmM  brito,  Joedan  It,  KWADt,  Proo.  IT.  S,  Xat.  Hub.  1884,  85.  Havana  ((.'oil.  D.  S. 
JanUm);  Jokl>.\.v,  t'roc.  U.  S.  Nnl.  Mas.  1880,  47;  Jokoak,  Roview  Labruid  Fisheft, 
874,  :8»l:  .loraiAH  A:  Itl'TTEB,  Proo.  Ac.  Nal.  Sci.  Pliila.  1897, 120. 


1!«»0.  KI>AliIS(»N.i    VIRIDK  (Bunoabarn)). 

(Dauk  Ohekh  I'AasoTruii.) 

Candal  fin  in  nttiilt  deeply  frirkcd,  the  upper  lobe  nbnnt  as  long  as  the 
head,  ami  twii-e  or  more  the  lougtli  ttf  the  inner  rays,  viirii-gated  ;  cunines 
1  or  2  on  each  sidi- ;  iip]ier  and  Iiuver  caudal  lobes  greenish,  I>eep 
blue,  Hcalea  edged  with  bruwnish,  which  abnve  itiakea  1  or  2  contin- 
uoos  jitreakH ;  top  of  hrjid  light  gruy  ish  brown,  a  similar  band  from  eye  to 
iibovi"  gill  opening,  another  iialur  slripefroiii  open-le  to  corner  of  niontli 
and  ed^rs  of  both  lips;  eilge  of  opercle  below  pale  grayiwh,  changing  to 
bright  orange  nboviv,  a  deep-yellow  spot  at  tip  of  opercle;  no  inky-hlark 
spot  on  oftercli*;  lips  deep  Mne  e.xeept  for  the  gray  edging:  hewl  below 
livid  olive;  dorstil  light  yollowiuh,  tips  of  spines  H.ud  rays  normally  blue, 
base  of  Soft  jjftrt  blue;  anal  blnisb  griiy.  with  <lei-p-blue  band  at  base  and 
edge;  pei'tnml  blue  gray,  edged  with  bright  bluH  abnve,  tips  broadly 
orange;  caudal  blae  green,  with  a  lunate  yellow  baud,  hphind  this  a  deep- 
blue  baud,  tips  of  raya  pale,  outer  rays  deep  blue,  a  faint  band  of  gulden 
gray  at  base:  ventrala  yellowish,  blue  autcrinrly.  West  Indies;  generally 
OODimoli;  one  of  (h(>  largcBt  ;iiid  ijiost  strongly  niarkcd  of  the  piirrot-fishea; 
thflspecimena  here  described  from  Jamaica,  isnmbrero  Key  and  St.  Thomas. 
{v'\r\A\»,  green.) 

rUcU  tiridU  bahatnentiji  (tliB   I"am^t-lll^ll).  CArBSOV.  Nut.  Hint.  Cor.,  il,  29,  |il.  29,  17W. 

Bahamas. 
Searu»  ririilui,  BoiciATKitRE,  Enc.  U6t)i.,X,  M,  IMI,  178S,  Bahamas,  aJter  CATlsiir .  not 

SoariM  riridUi,  Vuxm,  1790. 
C'aUyodon  jiMieiaeitn.  liBONOW.  Ed. Gray, 84,  1854;  not  of  LrHHJin!. 
Seam  tiylanMii,  nuoEKEB.  NotircR  Ichlhyoln^qaes,  i-x,  4,  IBC2,  St.  Croix. 
Saarui ealrtb}/,  UACfirtKK,  Hist.  N»i.  rniaB.,  iv.  16, 1803;  after  CA-nuiBV. 
Soanu  eatabari,  Cuvieii  &.  VaUcNciennes,  Uiat.  Nat.  Poiiu.,  xiv,  183,1839;  FoBT,  Reper- 

torlo,  1, 372. 1867 ;  GuioifENOT,  S<'arid(>8,  n,  180S:  GCvTUKB.  (Id!  ,  IV.  210, 1812. 
Sparitoma  tmtsMhyi.  Bean  it,  Drkvcu  Proc.  C.  S.  Nnl.  Miiit.  1884, 153. 
BparUam*  eatalKtt,  Jordan,  Proo.  F.  S.  Nat.  Mud.  1864. 101. 
iS^NirboaNi  Hridt,  JOROAX,  Reriew  iisbroid  Flabes,  075, 1800 ,  JouoAX  >V  UottKR,  Proc.  Ac 

Kat.  Sd.  FbiU.  18tr7, 120. 


Jordan  and  Evennann, — Fishes  of  North  America,     1639 


Subcenus  BUSCARUS,  .lorrtMi  &  Kvrrmuin. 
SMI.  NI'ARIMOMA  NTKIIi-lTUM  (GiintlMr). 

Upper  jttw  without  po8t«>nor  latural  cjiniiieii.  Scales  of  the  latoral  Hue, 
tboMS  on  tbv  liajw,  ami  a  fnw  «>n  tlm  i>|ieri'1e«,  blai'k  MliiiiioK  vjolvt;  ilor- 
■nl  spinel*  Htout,  (be  iititertor  nut  much  l(in;;or  thnii  tlir  orbit,  (ieiicra) 
color  olivij  (ill  npiritu);  oiiUt  partH  of  tUi-  vnrticril  liim  violet;  po«terior 
piirt  of  the  u\il  bliickjgb  viulftl.  ((iiluthiT.)  l.ocutit.v  unknown.  As  tbe 
genaa  SpariKomit  in  tliiotl.v  cotilitu>tl  to  Atiivrii'iiii  wat<<rN,  wo  includi-  this 
opecicH  in  tin-  ]>rL<r<cnt  paper  iih  ])i'ubiibl,v  .Vuierii'iiu.     {ilriyatu»,  BtriptMl.) 

Mcann  ttrigaiui,  *.ir NTHKB.  C»t-..  iv,  21!,  IKfll,  Im-slily  uakqowD. 
Jiliaritoma  itriijnlutn,  Jobdan,  Uuvirw  I.iibroid  Fiabu.  07],  IMM). 

ifU,i.  NPiKIHOMA  rLAri:Nl'ENK(Bloch&  aeliueidur). 
(Mril   PaHIIoT;  \Wi.  CotOKAOA;   VlEJA  IfCOBIkj 

Head  3*  (4  with  ctiutlal);  depth  2|!  (3*).  I>.  IX,  10;  A.  II,  9;  »cale« 
2J-24-4i;  eye  5+ in  bond ;  Huuiit2^.  Body  oblong;  no  runtnv  t<wth;  upper 
lip  covering  nio«t  of  U|>perjiiw;  i>je  rather  duiall;  snoirf  liliiDtioli;  clicek 
with  II  single  serii-B  of  about  .">  lurgo  ecaleo;  tubo8  of  lutenil  tine  dividing 
into  about  5  branches,  coveiin};  tnnHt  of  the  aciilo;  -1  srales  on  median  line 
h<<foro  dorsal ;  pectoral  fui  rcacliiui;  post  tips  of  %'entrulM;  origin  of  ventral 
Mpiiie  umler  niiddiv  of  pcctiinil  biute;  caudal  ttn  slij^htly  liuuite,  the  upper 
lobe  longer  and  uarniwer  thuii  the  lower,  If  in  h<~ud;  ttio  pnilofigatioii  of 
(bo  iMitvr  raj'H  viurics  aoiiiewhtit  and  i.s  )n°out<-eit  iu  the  adult;  the  cuuoivity 
of  the  tin  ia  evident  iu  speciiuenii  3  inclies  luu(»,  but  in  tlio  very  joung  tl»e 
Hu  is  truncate  or  even  slightly  convex.  A  few  Hpeciiueiis  of  li  to  8  incbea 
are  in  the  collection  in  which  th»i  caiidiil  Un  :tppeivr«  fairly  truncate  when 
opreiid  open,  the  angles  retiuiiniug  acute.  In  most  ciuiei*,  however,  the  tin 
xn  Hiigbtly  concave.  Color  of  adult  iu  life,  olivaceous,  somewhat  iloiided 
with  li^bt  and  dark,  and  unually  Ihihhed  with  jiinkish,  especially  below,  the 
ed;;es  of  the  scales  more  yellow  olive;  scalea'^f  belly  and  lower  p;irtH  light 
orunge  led  tovviird  their  buses,  giving  a  decidedly  reildish  east;  dorsal 
inottied  with  dili"urc>ut  shades  of  olive;  caudal  creamy,  mottled  and  Ivirred 
wi  til  darker  or:iut;e.  the  ni.irkings  more  distinct  on  the  outer  edge;  veutnils 
and  aual  rich  elierry  red,  uiuttled  and  barred  with  brown;  pectorals  lij^ht 
orange  red,  the  color  formed  by  uarrow  oranj^e  erosa  ntreaks  on  a  paler 
ground;  alight  baud  across  lower  jaw,  which  is  otherwise  brown;  teeth 
white;  a  dusky  or  black  blotch  at  base  of  pectoral;  aometimea  bl.'ickisli 
spotH  on  thescaleeat  the  baae  of  the  soft  dorsal.  In  spirits  the  rod  of  body 
anil  tins  and  yellow  on  scales  become  pale.  Voung  individniils  have  small, 
bright,  rosy  8|M)ta  on  sides  of  back;  2  faint,  darker,  longitudinal  shiulea 
along  wide.  Length  of  speciineti  described  (Key  West)  7^  inches.  West 
Iiiilies;  Key  West  to  Kin  .laueiro,  every  where  the  eoniinuni>flts])eeieH  of  the 
genus,  Thif<  species  is  excessively  couiniun  at  Key  West,  ewnriiiing  every- 
where about  the  ishmd  in  the  eelgrass.  II  rarely  exceeds  a  foot  in  length. 
At  Havana  it  is  apparently  equally  eonniion,  the  niinibers  seen  in  the  mar- 
ket exceeding  that  of  all  other  species  rontlnued.  It  is  one  of  the  least 
brightly  colored  of  the  species  of  the  genus.  .\b  ji  food-tisb,  this,  like  the 
Others,  is  held  iu  low  esteem.    The  llesh,  although  not  unpleasant  in 


1640  Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


flaTor,  ia  wrft  sod  ratbrr  poor.  lu  the  Uav«n»  market  it  U  asaally  called 
n^a  e«2«rarfa.  bnt  th«  i«pecie«  of  ihU  gronp  are  selduui  Histin^Uhed  bj 
tbe  iishern>en.  We  hare  examined  Bpvcimens  from  St.  Tbomaa,  itximiiit, 
Hayti,  Port  an  Prinecv  Tortnga*.  Nbamo.  Rio  Janeiro,  Jainaica>  and  St. 
Lacia.  Tliere  ia  eoosidetabla  Tariation  in  tbe  amomt  of  redneaa  ia  tida 
Kpecies,  large  onea  being  nanaDf  mote  roay  than  (he  young.  {JUmmtfem; 
yrllowi&h. ) 

ri0jt.  PuaA,DMrr.FtMwIMf.HiM.Kmt.  17ST,St>.pLia,ic.4C«ba. 

fc»i»i  /■■wrii  I.  Bums  *  Snonmaa,  %t^  bktk..  latk,  IMt:  a/Wr  r^Bak;  Pon. 

TmiiiiIji.  HJLins  iHmMIuHib of  (TMfi  *f  K^»  with  PaaaA> icarH ; Joa- 

iua.  Pr«r.  r.  S.  Xa«.  Mm.  laSi.  m. 
aoraa  afMlMu,  Poar.  MiMiiiiii.  n,  SU  IMt.  Cuba;  Pocr.  Syiiiifla.  33S;  JoanA)!  4k 

Gttaaaz.  Syanyla.  log.  ias3;  GCimiKa.  Ci«~  ir. ZIX  IMS. 
CMIieriMi  jhawamt  <XmcB  ^  VALaacmaas.  HM.Xae.PaaiL.HT.aBB,U». 
%«r<ii»«/«iarwt.  JoaaAM  A  Swao.  pToe.r.&Kat.MBa1JM.«;  Joazua,  PtvcTS 

XaL  Xak.  tSHkCT:  Ba&a,  BoD.  V.  S.  Pii*  Omub.  Itn,  Ut;  JoaDAX.  Kcrie*  LakraM 

nika*.fn.  iMt:  Jo«l>A.<' a  BrmaPi«e.XcL2>st.Sa.nfk.UVT.ua. 


MM.  SPAIUOKA  KCBUPIXTE  (GaricrAT^ 

Head  4  in  total  length  with  raniUl ;  depth  %{ ;  eye  5}  in  IftMd,  2f  ia 
■BMrt,  2  in  distaaoe  (h«  angle  of  month ;  no  posterior  caaioe;  lower  jaw 
yiedeetiag;  ponaon  head:  saborbital  with  Tcnnlee;  a  deahy  proniAeaoe 
vm  fscebead;  eealea  of  lat«ral  line  with  3  or  4  ramificatioaa.  Adult  with 
tbe  eandal^tntneate,  not  eoncare,  the  points  very  slightly  aalieat.  Oliva- 
eaoaa;  a  jellow  traaarerM  band  below  month;  doraal  oliraeeoas,  elmideil 
with  dark  poiatt  oa  the  aoft  nya;  anai  rtwr.  cloadad;  Tcattal  rosy,  with 
red  and  white  points :  pectoral  rellowisb,  with  a  diffnae  reddirik-browu 
■pat  at  ita  baae  aborp;  caudal  ollti»re<tu».  with  rlear  bvawB  pointa; 
a  Tcfticai  band  of  rlear  yello  wiah,  aeparated  from  tbe  margin  by  an  eaanga 
area;  another  specimen  baa  the  eaodal  onnge  olive,  with  inegalar  haailn. 
tke  aablanunal  bar  not  pfvoooneed.  West  Indies.  Thia  deacriptiaa  ia 
baaed  ape*  the  apeeiaea  whieh  INiey  took  aa  tbe  type  of  his  Snaraa  traa- 
eatea,  wliieli  we  are  aaaUa  to  eapraiBte  fron  thia  apeciea.  A  spe*iiB«n 
9  iaebea  loaK.  from  JaaMica.  ia  aloobol,  was  oliTe.  atottlcid  with  lighter, 
Beady  white  below;  a  rather  distinct  white  band  below  ckia;  donsal 
■althiil ;  raadal  »tro8gly  marked  with  croaa  blotchea,  a  pair  of  aobier- 
■taal  Uotebeaef  white  which  nearly  aeet  in  tte  middV:  other  laa  all 
wfatac  the  pectoral  dasky  <auc  black)  at  base;  no  yellow  Match  behind 
danaL    Ma^Eia  of  caudal  coocave;    fbcebead  atiaaniy  r— lai      (raArr, 

rhoi  iiirrfrf '—III  Tl — ri~*-*'-| 

|Oaa.Wiiiill;  GCV(aM.GBl~nr,aU: 

Aivaa  fwiM^  Ci  \MM  a  Til aagoB— , 

tOj.PM«».  Miisiaoi  lOin,  «*fa. 

^fmnmm»  n^rirmma.  Joanna  a  Krma.  Prae.  Jic  SaLSoLmh.|f«;.  ua. 
SoMMi^UIMVtnair  Aata*««ra«;  aM  i 


aa.»at.l^fci.«T.M 
Gvac^not.  SmcMb.  n.  I 
BiaL  Sat.  TWi^  xir.  B 


»!»««*' 


ja* 


I  tbe 


n«fr*r 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  Anutica.     1641 


mrv*  IntntotMt,  IVigr,  SynopnU,  339, 1868,  Havana;  PoiCY,Eniiin«ratio.  lU,  IBTS;  Vot\, 
FaiLiiu,  I'liortit  Kiquiffin,  ■3m,  IVlli. 
StmrtU  eiratmnolattu.'  Poky,  Momoriaa,  4X1.  IJ^tl,  Havana :  I'nRY.  KynuiMU,  3i0, 1868. 
.'  Scarut  mtarffinalu}n,t  t'OKV,  Synopslit,  340, 1808,  Havana. 

t061.  NPABINOX.V  UKAnilALK  (Po«y). 

Head  3i  (4  with  oanaal);  ilepth  2J  (3f).  D,  IX.  10;  A.  II,  9;  scnlvit 
2^-24-6,  Bixly  uioflt'ratt'l.v  di'efs  >■"  caiimu  tueth;  l:it«<riil  line  ending 
Diider  htst  my  of  Noft  dorsiil  iinri  liegiiiniii^  ii>;aiu  ulxiiit  2  hciiIi'k  fitrUivr 
forward,  »o  thut  tlii-  two  jiints  uvrrlup;  o.ve  rather  lar^io,  U  in  h(;a<l; 
Blioiit  r»tliiT  ;uutc,  3;  cluMrk  witli  tv  Aili<;Io  ri>\v  nf  alioiit  -l  acmIi's;  1  hchIch 
belbre  diirsal,  8  bffoni  voiitnilH;  vii<-)i  pore  of  liitcnil  liim  wilh  4  tu  7 
brniichcH  wh'u-li  cover  tiioNt  of  tho  scdIc;  4  souIch  nn  nicdinti  line  lieforn 
doraai.  IVctoralt*  reachuig  uliylifly  pant  tips  of  veiitraU;  caiid.-il  fin  iiiod- 
rriLtoly  lanat<-,  the  middle  part  »  Itttlu  <  iiiivcx  wbuii  tbu  Hit  is  nproiid  open, 
tbe  outer  rays  luodoiattily  pnidiiuiil,  thu  ii]i|iur  loUo  1'°  in  Jiund.  (Vdor  in 
spirits,  diirk  olive  ^n-uu  alicivi',  soinewliiit  inntttrd;  pjibr  Iil>1ovv;  a  fiiiiit 
(LtreeiiiHli  utrc'ik  running  b:ii'kwnril  fnnii  ttiijjii'  of  niuiitb  ;  jaws  pule;  no 
distinct  HpotB  or  Htripea  on  Imily;  tcetli  pale;  dorsii!  dimky  jjniy  ;  L-amlul 
^u^Bially  rcddisli,  Monn-wlmt  inottluil,  its  posterior  bonier  bluish;  vr'ntrals 
mid  {lectorulB  palo,  eligiitlv  greeiiinli;  ii  vt^ry  distinrt  dark  blotch  nt  biutn 
of  upper  rays  of  ptictorii] ;  tlio  nxil  pale.  Cuba.  Hero  dcauribed  from  u 
single  specimen  ~i  iiicbcji  long.  In  npiritM  ils  ctdorH  are  tjiiito  dilTcreiit 
from  tliiise  uf  S. //fUTdreji*,  tliongb  in  <>tht)i'  ri^spmts  tb«  two  hour  iiinch 
rcHoiiiblaiice.  (Lntiu,  hriirhitim;  tJruck,  iSpaxitav,  tbi>  sirni,  I'roQi  the 
axilliiry  «p«t. ; 

Scanu braehialit,  V'lXt.  M<MneiruiH.  II,  345,  1861.  Cuba;   PucT,  Syuo|wi»,  337  (iiiUprinUxt 

ftra'/iiiolw) ;  Puer,  Knunicmllo,  113. 
ISearui  kuvuralit,  I'xey.  Mvmuriuii,  ii,  422,  IMl,  Havana;  liatod  uu  old  drawini;;  a  block 

Bzillary  xptit,  auwn  with  whlUi  poiuUi. 
8pari*otna/ruu/lomM,  Jobuak  &  Swain,  Pro«.  IT.  S.  Nat.  Miu.  ItiM,  B3;  Jojwan,  l>rou.  U.  S. 

KaLlfiu.  1888,47  (Uut  Seanf/rviiiltitiit.  Cuvmn). 
SparUoina  brnchiaU,  Jurdajv,  Uuviow  Labroiil  Fisbos,  673,  18110. 


SUJiJ.  SPARISOMA  MAsCIIAr.KsPILOK  (Blwikor). 

Oiitur  r.<»ys  of  cniidul  ]iroil>iced  to  jilmut  i  tbo  loiigtii  uf  Iho  UcmmI  ; 
a  dark  spot  at  base  uf  pocturol.  Cenerul  color  dusky  rrd ;  ilus  yellowish 
re<l;  caudal  violaceous;  scales  of  the  back  and  sides  witli  miiiiy  rod  spots. 

*  Seanu  eireuinnotatiu  in  tha<i  dnaorilwd : 

"Koail  more  tbao  4  in  total;  deplli  3A;  i<yv  9  in  head,  'i  in  boouI,  mont  Ibiin  1  indiatnnDu 
to  :iuj;lii  of  moutli ;  vouitltu*  lielow  and  liehiuil  v\o ;  pniflln  re;;Eulnr,  witlKJiii  ilfprt'H^iiiQ  or 

tinniiiniMico;  no  purci*  al>u%u  iKnil^  no  |>i>8l<-riur  mniiirii:  mnlvx  »r  liiloriil  liiiu  with  4 
irancb&a;  uandul  tnincaU^  nr  with  tNlif^lil  pulnln  ii\  Ihn  nii^le;  iirrtMriU  nliort,  (1  in  Umi^lti. 
Gr^N^DlAh  bluti;  domal  aitil  iiniil  izn^'ii.  with  brown  pntntHon  Ihty  suit  ruVn  and  on  tlic  I'ltndal 
membnuies:  luial  ivddiitli  t\  itii  biowu  abad><t<;  pec'torats  and  vsiilriiU  vermilion,  tbr  UtlLT 
wlUi  tranKluoKiit  ]tu\i\\it.  uu  bliicU  spot  In  (In-  mil;  nonie  yellowiuli  iindi'r  tli«>  lionil." 
\  Sparignma  fmaiyinatum  in  tItiiH  (ti*HiTibe<l : 

*'  \  pry  rloBr  to  .S.  cirnuntintntua.  dlllV'rlng  in  liavin^  Iho  nionth  lower  aird  fartlicr  from 
tbc  »ye.  tlio  luji  k  bitliT.  tlir  Iwlly  leu*  ciirvcil.  tlio  Jonn  tlirrofor* Io«.i  pliunnt;  prooiH-n:lo 
Klifbtly  vniniviiiiito  htUiml  -,  veunliH  Iiibh  lEarkiMl  -,  front  of  beiid  wlik  poroiia  roiiKlineioica; 
randal  Irunmlc:  iiocloral  5}  in  Iciti^th;  no  poHl^^riorvanlmw.  (irociiiitb,  witli  g<)mobroWD- 
lab  Kialoa  interinfxod,  thn  o<lgo  of  each  nenlv  browuiab;  pectoral  pal«,  with  croaa  aerial 
of  white  pointii.    Lon^h  im  Tum."    Cuba.     (Pooy). 

3030 2fi 


16i2  BuUetin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


Sarinnm.    (Bleeker.)    Not  neen  by  us.     It  is  perliapg  distinct  from  iS.  6ra- 
oAiafr,  tbuiigh  fvidoiitly  closely  allied.     (y/arf^aA//,  ariupit;  <Jw/Aos,  spot.) 

8aaTV*VMi»ekmU*pait,  Blekker,  NoticoH  Irhthyologiquen,  i-x,  6,188!,  Surinam. 
8pmi»oma  mstcKaUnpiioi,  JoitUAN,  Review  Labroid  Fiabea,  673,  i890. 

infill.  KPAR1N0JIA  fRUTiDflNtm  (Curier). 

Three  l!ir);o  Mi-iileo  <iii  flmok  ;  (lursnl  apiiim  rather  slender  but  pimfront ; 
cuiidiil  emaigiuati';  tilings  <pf  each  wcali"  of  lattTal  Hue  much  raniifii'd  and 
extending  ovor  the  whnlo  Hfalo;  teeth  of  modcrato  Hi/.e,  very  distiuet  ou 
the  ed^cR  of  the  j»wh;  no  posterior  caiiinea.*  Coloratiou  uniform  dark 
purplish  violet,  ((itiiither. )  Jaiiiaicu  to  Brazil ;  evidently  closely  related 
to  SiiaruoiHii  riibripinnr,  hut  di8tingiii8he<l  by  thi'  brani'hed  ]>oros.  (/roH- 
dotutt,  bran4'h<>d.) 

;<feariM /fundoiuf  (CuviKii  MS.J  Adashix,  Spin,  Viae.  Itrwil.,  08,  1829,  Bahia  (Coll.  Sjtix) ; 

CuviER  4:  VALmtlJUfKB.",  Hi»t.  Nat.  Pol»«.,  xiv,  201, 1»<39;  UlTlcH«.vnT,  Scnridfis,  1805, 

15;  JOBUAK,  Pruc.  U.  S.  Nal.  Muii.  188(J.  5X2  (not*  on  tyiM!). 
Seana  araeaniia.  Ut'irrilER,  Cat.,  IV,  200, 1863,  Jamaica. 
^^•fiiOTiMi  araeani/a,  JottuxK.  Rvvivw  L.-ibrui(l  Kislivfi,  fl7(,  IKSO. 


649.  SCARUS.  Foiskal. 

[  I .( im  m :  Pakrot-vishks.  ) 

UtUyrxfon,  Gbonow,  Moaenm  Ir.titbyol.,  11,  U,  1764  (aroieauit) ;  iiiiiilniKinitiil. 

Scam,  FoiuiKAu  Dracr.  .Xcimat,  <^U\,  iu  Orlvnt.  Oba«rv.,  25, 177S  \jvitlae\u,  tu>.)  i  iiul  of 

Groncivv,  17^,  wliirii  (iinnhiiiiimiall       Lahms  X. 
OoUindon,  ItLiKil  ic.  Si-HMKuiEH,  H.vaU  Icbtlijol.,  312, 1801  (UneatuM  —  cnietnnt). 
IlciiiiMl'iiMi,  Sw.^in'S(jN,  t'lua'n  Flahc*,  et«..  11,  238,  183'J  (retieulatti*  Swalnaoa  =pr]ni  Bm 

ni-tt)  (  -Seartu). 
Pelrunaton,  SWAINSON.  Cloait'ii  Fiahc*,  etc.,  tl,  236,  I83S  (piiUaeuJ,  ulo.)  (—  Settnu}. 
KrychUiyf,  SwaLN'WiN,  L'laax'u  FifiliiH, etc.,  11.220. 1830  (croicen<ir,  ett'.). 
CA<oruru4,  SwAiMiH>?l,Claafl'u  Finliu'',  I'lc,  n,337, 183&  if/ibbut)  {^  Stanm). 
Pa«yo<f»n,  Gronow,  SystmiiB.  Kil.  Gniy,  83, 1854  {Ihuxtlut,  kW.). 
Aurii*,  JoKl>AX  &  (iiiJiKKT.  Syuoiwix, B^H,  1883  (imiltaitit) . 
Calliaiton.  .lOBUAN,  I'roi-.  I'.  S.  Nat.  Sliia.  1880,  Ml  Wnnr-enHt). 

Lower  piiiirynKi'uU  upoon-shiipcd.  <ivate-oldoi))ic,  trunsvorsely  i-unrave; 
treth  in  ra<'h  jiivv  fully  couleMcoiit,  apiienriiig  :i.>)  tesscllationH  011  tliuanr- 
fuce;  jan8  with  difltinot  niediiiu  HUture;  the  edges  of  jaw  eveu,  the  teeth 
whitish  or  rosy  iu  color,  never  Kreon.  Upper  pharyngeals  eai-h  with  2 
rows  of  teeth;  ){ill  tTieUibriiuea  »i:arrely  nnit'i-d  to  the  narrow  itithinus, 
across  M-hirh  they  f«»rin  a  broad  fold;  dorsal  sptnen  fle.ttblu,  Kcareoty  dif- 
ferent irnni  the  soft  riiya;  up|ii'.r  lip  laterally  double,  tlio  interior  fold 
becoming  very  narrow  or  nUsolete  mesially;  lower  jaw  iucludttd  in  the 
closed  mouth;  lutenil  lino  internipti'd  posteriitrly,  coinmeucing  again  ou 
the  nivxt  scrieH  of  dniles  briiiw  ;  tubp»  of  lateral  line  scarcely  brauohed; 
aralcs  011  cLcek  in  2  to  -1  row.f;  m-alen  in  front  of  dorsal  on  uiedian  line 
6  to  8.     Dorsal  rays  IX,  IU;  anal  II,  9  in  all  spsciea ;  soolea  2f-24-6.    Body 


*  We  are  indelitrd  to  Itr.  G.  A.  BoiiUnser  far  th«  inl'oniintiou  tliat  In  lli»  tyjira  of  Sji»- 
ruuma  tlri(jatum  uud  S.  araeatiffa  thiro  lire  uu  [niatt-rlor  rauiueo. 


robust.  Species  very  tiiiuieruiia,  niostly  of  liirgn  size,  foiiiid  in  neiirly  all 
tropiiiU  seat*.  The  name  Sianii  watt  used  by  the  aucienta  iiud  by  same 
pro-r.iiiu«*aii  writers  on  /.unylot^y  for  the  Meilit^nrraueuii  spaciea  uf  Spari- 
Mtfmu,  l.tibrun  rrilt^i»iii  Liuiiii-iis.  Ity  (irunow,  ii  iiuubinoiuiiil  writer,  in 
17i)4,  .SVviru^i  wu.s  applie'l  to  it  groiiji  KiibstauLiiilly  i(l(-uti<-:il  witli  tlio  Liii- 
ii.isui  (;oim«  iMbrun.  The  lirnt  use  of  .S'<<irM«  sm  a  j;>-nurii'  iiiime  in  biiiouiiiil 
iioiiieiiclature  is  thiitof  l'or»kiil  in  177">,  Tlie  goiiiis  NVdrwo  of  Forskal  was 
Inuied  on  Hevcrul  it[iui<k'!«  ijbt:tiiit>tl  by  liini  on  the  loastH  of  Anibiii.  A  four 
of  theai-  iirv  uot  ScurolilK.  I'lie  (itbera  ull  belong  to  this  groii)i,  Fontkiil 
bud  rtpparently  nil  iiiM|iijiiiitttncp  witli  Lahrn*  creleiiiiix,  and  thiHspi'cics  i-ftu 
nut  iu  iiiiy  prop<-T  sonat"  be  tiikoti  us  tbo  typf  i.>f  hie  bqiius.  Cue  of  the 
H{H!i'ieH  iiifiiti<ini-il  by  liiiii  .sh<>ub1  bo  ho  taken,  iind  hh  :ill  hta  ^penitm  bebinir 
to  tho  siiiiie  ({(.MiiiH  it  iiiaki's  no  Hpecial  ditt'erence  wliieb  oue  is  scli-fted. 
.lordnti  A  (Jillfert  hitvo  rt'nurded  .Scdriix  yisiffrtcK*  Forskiil  iia  the  type.  If 
iSiiiirituma  crtlenxe  ohoubl  he  taken  aa  the  type  of  .S<ar«*,  the  proper  name 
bir  tlin  ]iriwut  genuH  ivoutd  bo  CtilliodoM,  and  sevt-rul  uf  the  iiaekoiH  generic 
niiiiieo  «>f  Swiiinson  have  jiriority  over  Pneudoacarun.  The  genus  ScMrun 
coutniiis  tiifl  tnajority  of  the  specii-B  of  the  .Scai'idft'.  It  iij  inoro  \videl\ 
illHtribiitiMl  than  tiii\  otht-r  <:(*nerit;  itM  Hpecioa  reurh  for  the  iiioHt  pitrt  a 
birger  ai/.o,  «iid  iu  gontuul  they  jire  more  brightly  I'oloreil  thtm  th»«  tttberH. 
i^X'-^Pti)  SoiiriiB,  amrient  naom  i>f  .Sjinrigoiim  cretente,  hairl  by  Koudolet  to 
be  from  rf^a/Vjwi',  t«i  ]i»,stiire.) 

.SCAKL'B: 

a,  I'liperjnw  with  tr»i(i  I  (u  t  pu«torior  vaninna- 
h.  Cbeitk  with  fnmi  '1  or  3  rciws  of  HraU'rf. 

e.  Ui'atl  witli  u  l»u<;llu<liuul  liuiiil,  a  yi-lluw  toiiKHndiuitl  ntriiici  on  body;  uiiter 

myM  of  cuiiilul  jinl  e-tilitri*!!  bki>  tin?  iuLi«<r :  rMiiiiLul  Miiltl-riini'utv. 

it.  riiiU-r  rK,viii>f  rniicUil  lilnrkiiih  nr  i:rtt>uUI>,  rlurknr  tluiii  Ibn  iiimlittii  ruy». 

f.  Yellow  ntripi-  jilxive  in'ilornl  alniiit  im  a  Icvi'l  willi  llu>  i\vr;  oiit<>r 

rayn  <>r  cuiiibd  i\tiv\i  urveiiifli  l)h)t>;   upper  jiiw  with  I  jxixte- 

riiir  caniriL-  (raii!ly  iliiplicutod):  '1^  row*  of  HLiiIrs  on  rlipi'k: 

licad  with  'i  l>lui.ili^ivii  strliMM,  (lie  bit<traf>ai.H!  rt>ilibsli  urynl 

luw  ;  diinuil  muU  anal  i^ucli  will)  '1  KriKiu  bumlM  iiuil  1  iiriiiiKi'  hop, 

(he  aaid  liavinu  ii  n>iiiitU><b  blim  npol  «ii  lb»  iiiciiibrnnr  lictntmu 

ovury  '1  rnyH.     GeuiTul  cubtr  ItltiiMb  grceu  iioxi.i1  with  oruagi>. 

I'lNiTrL.iTrs,  '.'OS? 
r#.  YoUoir  stri](e  atiove  poctoral,  moHtly  Iwlow  the  ll.■^  p|  ol'  llio  ry 
i>iil«r  rayn  of  i«uc1al  bliu'kinli,  Ibn  rrat  uf  tbc  raiidxl  Kreeni 
tipper  Juw  vrirb  2  poHterliir  raiiiiii^M;  2  ruwH  oi  hujiIuh  od  i-litn^k; 
iip|wr  part  uf  buRil  ibifk  jirn-ii.  brliiw  oye  lirli;lit  yi-lluMTiiib 
gr<'»u,  wilb  bluinb  iimrkins*  "■>  <>por<^b':  ilorHnI  bri(;ht  grevn 
III  buMi;  vuuCmlH  iKiln:  boto  of  ]HH'loraI  with  a  bbiobbu^k 
murk.  <  itiiiBral  oolur  in  lifo,  bright  grceu  \  darknr  on  Ihc  bjuk, 
[Hlb'rbr'low.  B01.LMAM,  '.Nli». 

rfrf.  Oulw  ruyn  i>f  cauilnl  oranKt*,  liRbtiT  lluin  <bn  mudiioi  rays,  Iu  eiluo 
blwkisb;  ypbow  Ktriiie  abiivo  |HM'Uiral,  biiUiw  tb<i  IdvoI  of  the 
crepti  slHiivH  un  tlio  bead,  wlii>  b  arc  ULMtrly  borixonuil ;  iipixT  Jaw 
Mitb  1  puHleriur  laiiuii'  (rarely  tbiiilk'ntw)):  3t  rows  of  scal««ii  un 
cbiwk;  bvail  with  2  bliiinbiirtM'ii  Ktiipra,  \\w  InliTapnci'*  n-ililioh 
ur  yolliiw;  iliirtiil  uiict  until  i-acb  witli  2  enroll  bumla  hiiiI  1  oraii^n 
iinv,  Ibi- bitter  wiUiiiut  lilii*<i>poti«;  basal  bniiil  of  <lor»u]  not  brokra 
into  grova  «pot«.    U«Deral  color  bluiah  greon,  uiIximI  niih  nraii;;!)-, 

ijiJnoniijtus,  205». 


1644  BuUtUn  //,  United  States  National  Mtiseum. 


I 


\ 


tc.  nwkd  witliout  loogiUulhuU  baniU  i  iwlariai'  eaniaca  S  to  4. 

/.  CmhUI  triiDcaUi ;  2  M>rics  <if  acalea  on  ohceka,  and  S  loalas  oa  tewer 
|ire»per(-nliu-  limb:  rwiinea  2  or  3  oo  eacli  tiA».  Color  aBiform 
violet  iiurplr:  venicai  Sni<  very  dark.  AKAi-.A]iaA,  SM>. 

/T-  CmiiUl  fill  liiaatfi,  llie  oatrr  raj  «  more  or  Iciaa  |iruilacr<l ;  cbMka  iritti 
34  or  3  ro«ra  of  acaloa;  iioalorior  canitMM  3  or  4 ;  culor  (dried  akin) 
plain  broWDiab,  ths  raniial  In  1  aptx-imvn  darker,  ur  flag  iiiiiaaalljr, 
iu  border  and  anf  Im  dark.  Tiumraica,  an. 

M.  (.'Ixvlui  with  4  ruwii  of  scalwi  auKlea  of  raudul  mure  or  litaa  Mlknl. 

y.  Color  diuky  olivacfoiu,  wnnp  au-alca  wiUi  a  ros,v  blutvh  at  baae:  4ar«*I 
edjcwl  with  dusky:  caudal  ilai-k.  pair  m  bate,  anil  villi  pole  ahailiB,  tto 
nnglea  little  pradiiriil ;  ii[Hirrlr  witb  blue  blotcbnt;  csninea  3:  4  row* 
of  (calca  un  obcvk :  vnout  rat  ber  acute :  T  »akU«  l>«fur«  doraal. 

ctTZAiaiuJc  »u«!. 
gf.  Color  dark  aky  bine;  Jawa  wltb  hrigbl  coloni;  Bna  rbirll.s  bltiv,  darkisr 
on  pectural  and  fmnt  of  raiidal:  niiddio  of  dun>al  i>tl<IUb,  witb  bloo 
apota :  a  red  band  urar  tbi'  i-dgc  uf  tbtr  caudal,  1  un  llie  baav  uf  Un> 
anal  and  I  nrar  tli<i  upjMir  olge  of  tbr  pectoralii:  renintln  nuMlJy  ml, 
tlieir  external  border  blur;  caudal  with  vrr>  aalient  aiigln*:  nppcr 
Jaw  witb  n<d  and  blue  e<l(iDpi;  anont  uiodrxali':  S  (no'ly  3)  lalonJ 
canlnea  in  npiwr  jaw.    Br«l««  hmwn  i»lx>^l:  eye  «Uli  bloa  apoU 
above  and  behind:  a  K''*^"  bund  fnnu  the  Nii;;le  of  tbo  taoutia,  bor- 
dered aba%-a  and  below  by  ml.     To'th  i)uile  small.  Tirn  I.TBW. 
fgf.  Color  liruwn.  w  ith  '.:  browu  lateral  bands.                        OJljUaoMM^  9dM. 
CALUOtioH  (xaAAit  beonty :  Meiic.  tootb): 
oo.  I'pper  jaw  wilbont  vaniDea;  2)  terioa  of  kcaliie  on  cheek. 

A.  Tbir<l  (partial)  row  of  aeale*  of  Ihe  check  of  3  ur  4  M-alee',  tluiM>  of  the  uppnr 
row  little  larK'T  than  tboac  of  tbe  aevund  niw  ' . 
i.  Caadul  alightly  rvuodod.  its  outer  mya  not  producod. 

j.  )iidef  nf  bixly  wilh  'l  broad  dark  luu|;itudlual  iiluulea:  aide*  of  b«Uy 
each  with  3  abarpty  deHnrd  ltne«,  earh  on  a  row  of  acalea,  Itiei 
stripes  running  from  tbe  brvast  to  lkeyun«l  front  of  ventraU  itbeao 
lines  uanally  Itnroniine  faini  or  eren  obsolete  iu  old  iudtriduabii. 
k.  Stnpea  on  tide  of  breast,  if  pn-srat,  whilisb.    Color  dark  rtddiak 
brown  aliov»,  paler  iielow :  hack  dark :  ajdee  w  Ith  1  dark  par- 
allel 8tri{ieA  of  the  color  uf  tbi'  liack.  sepanted  by  pAl«r  lalor- 
spacen.  IIk  upper  uq>-  fxtrudiDg  borkward  ftvm  «;*! 
abore  bluish  brawn:  a  narrow  whitish  streak  mnniag 
beail  along  the  midille  line  of  belly :  a  faint  dark  ipot  un  base 
of  perioral :  candul  pair  orange  red,  tlie  outer  nt>  s  •omewhat 
barred  witb  brown ;  dorsal  araB|ca,  ed^ed  with  biniab ;  oCker 
Baa  nearly  plain.  ilioirKJma,  Uttk. 

U.  litripea  ou  side  sf  breast,  if  preacnt,  inky  blue.  Color  briicht 
gnen,  olivareoas  abuvv.  pnter  below,  the  lower  half  of  tbe 
body  becoatinK  po!ilerior1y  more  and  more  yellow,  and  esi  ||io 
lower  half  of  the  raodal  ]>tilont:ie  bright  light  vrllaw,  tkis 
color  liein^  bricbteot  aixire  front  of  aoal :  lon{:ttudiiiaI  akadao 
un  sides  iif  Iwdy  brii;lil  erimsoa.  aaiMmlal  on  tlM  bead  \y  a 
band  uf  fn-en :  no  s|iot  on  base  of  peetoral ;  caadal  Ba  grrvm, 
its  lover  half  yellow :  durwl,  anal,  and  pectorals  graaa,  al 
least  al  bax-:  ventrals  yrUow.  KVnWASXl,  SBK 

Ji;.  Sidea  of  body  wltbont  distinrt,  brua<l.  darker  stripes.  Color  bimnii 
BO  bands  or  linn  np«n  body  or  head:  doraal  apoUcd  wttli  vtide* 
aadedxed  almveand  below  with  )ellow,  like  the  caudal;  caatfai 
wltbont  *t>ot« :  j-ctlov  lltie  near  the  edge,  and  another  along  tbo 
baae of  tbe  dorsal.  rtAVOMAluUtArr*,  Wff. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     1645 


<>.  Cundal  tmncato,  Ita  point*  al1glit]j  siilUnil;  Ride*  irith  a  brood  wbiUah 

lijiiKl.  Acrrns,  2068. 

hh.  Third  (i>arlmll  row  or  acali^a  un  (lie  rhc«k  of  1  ur  3  Kcalett  only;  aotleit  of  the 

ii|i|M;r  niw  innali  larger  than  tbuwi  or  thi'  ai*cnii<l  r»n  -,  raiidal  aubtmucatc>,> 

Ha  niitor  ra)~8  moro  or  Imm  priMliiied,  becomint;  miioli  elongate  vitb  age; 

flihiU  with  a  tloatiy  hump  almvu  the  snotit. 

i.  ruler  bright  blue,  the  ynuug  inure  or  Ime  nhailed  with  roddlBb  brown; 

dilH  iiuifttly  lilnu.  .  Sizo  lurtfo.  c^BULBUS,  2009. 

U.  Color  diiHky  olive;   n  palivypllowlali  «treak  rrniii  iipfier  part  of  «ye  to 

ii|i|H^r  biinn  of  raniliil.  tlfmUMATIClTH,  31)70. 

Subgenus  SCARUS. 


eOS7.  M'AKUN  PU.NCTHLATIIK  (Cuvler  ii  Valencionnea). 

n^^od  3i  (3}  with  caudul);  depth  3j^  (^i^);  eyo  nmall,  Xi\  in  head;  Hnout 
rfitheracute,  2i  inbnatl.  D.IX,10;  A.  II,  9;  »c»le«34-24-l!.  Hody  oblong- 
ellipticnl;  a  rnnine  directed  outwnrd  above  nnglo  of  mouth  on  each  side; 
It  Mi-ond  Mmall  ciiniDO  prescul  un  eai-h  ttido  iu  the  Npeoiiiien  descrihud; 
nppor  lip  covarinK  ;il(oiit  \  of  I  hi'  snrfiu'o  "f  this  upper  juvr;  rheok  with 
2  roWH  of  sctk's,  thosi*  of  tlie  ujipipr  row  1i<<iiig  .ilioiit  \  liirj{«r  than  tliose 
of  the  second  row,  2  Hi'aleM  Ih>I«w  f.h«  lower  series;  7  scaleH  before  dor- 
sal; orif(iii  of  ventriil  lins  directly  iiiidor  jH'ctoral,  tips  of  tins  not  reach- 
ing; i|nite  hiilfwiiy  fnini  th(<ir  ha^u  trt  front  of  aual;  pectoral  rcacliing 
aliutit  inidwjiy  between  tips  of  venfriiU  atid  front  of  aiiul;  I'iuidnl  fin 
trunrate  or  slightly  rounded  when  npread  open,  the  angies  not  ])rndiieed; 
the  otit«r  rays  \\  in  head  (in  spieimoii  of  6  inches),  In  life,  orange 
hruwu;  the  centers  of  uiost  of  the  sciileH  bright  Iditish  green,  these 
blotches  large,  so  that  the  green  predoiiuiinteK  ovoi'  tlio  orange  on  luoHt  of 
the  body  ;  on  the  anterior  ]f;»rt  of  the  back  i>n«l  on  tlie  top  of  head  there  is 
little  greon,  this  region  being  more  brown:  a  light-yelhiw  longitudinal 
liikud,  higher  op  than  tlio  similar  baud  in  .S.  it\mnpUTM»,  and  above  Iho 
level  of  tlio  green  stripes  on  head,  running  backward  from  upper  part  of 
gill  opening  nearly  to  tho  end  of  piM't<i:fil ;  below  thi.*  \»  a  dark-grayish 
liaiiil.  uboui  as  broad  as  eye,  extoniling  about  to  end  of  pectorals;  this  is 
bordered  above  und  betow  by  bright  green;  those  green  stripi-s  become 
very  distinct  tin  tiie  head,  where  they  extend  forward  on  snout,  1  above 
and  1  behnv  the  eye.  tlio  lower  meeting  its  fellow  on  the  upper  lip,  tho 
upper  on  the  forehead;  interspace  between  these  bands  dark  gray;  jaws 
whitish;  a  grass-gnon  bjind  ;iroMnd  lower  jaw;  lower  half  of  heft<I  light 
yellowish  green;  belly  pulo  greenish;  dorsal  anil  aniil  bright  green  at  base 
and  tip,  moslally  orange,  the  orange  with  a  median  tiiore  or  le.Ms  interrnptod 
band  of  blue,  the  corresponding  bund  ou  atial  rorniiiigarow  of  spots;  eiiiulal 
bright  greenish  bine,  the  outer  rayrt  entirely  hlne,  the  inner  with  their 
laeiubranes  orange;  pectoral  pale  yellow,  the  axil  not  dusky.  West 
Indies:  ratlier  common;  orient  the  nio«t  brilliant  of  the  grnnp.  It  m.'iy  be 
known  by  the  coloration  of  tho  aii.il  tin,  wliieh  li;w  suggested  the  name 
pani'tHlalyt.  Here  described  from  a  specinien  H  iuehos  in  length,  from 
Havana.  .-Vnothur  from  I'ortu  liico  is  in  the  museum  at  Cambridge. 
{jtUHCtulittui,  dotted.) 


164Q 


Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


Htarut  pvfMtwtolujr.  Ccyier  It.  VjxmciKiana,  Hist.  Kst.  PoIm..  xnr,  IK,  1839.  Martinique; 

JiiRPAN  it  SwAix,  Vrtx.  r.  ix  Koti.  Mas.  188t,  SO;  Jordan,  Rvvivw  Labroiil  Fishes.  6tQ. 

Igai ;  JoROAJi  i  RiTTKE,  Proc.  Ac  N»t.  Sol.  Phila.  19D7. 121. 
fmdoncaru*  pnnctulatwi.  OCICHRNOT,  Scarid^a.  Mas.  PstIh.  26,  1805. 
Sturvt  diadetna,  Cdvier  A:  Valkkc-ienneii,  Hilt.  Xat.  Polss.,  .tiv,  IM,  1838,  Martinique; 

Com,  Traiw.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  1871,  4«1. 
PtHdotaruM  diadana,  PncY,  S}-noiwis,  M7;  Prisr,  Knuiaprntio.  t18i  OiTioBKlior.  !<i-« 

rlit6a,  28,  1805  (nnte  i>n  typenl. 
AmutaMariM  UmiopUrut.  liL'NTiiRR,  Cat,,  iv,  22<i.  ]8<>2,  Trinidad;  rxoetlent  ilmwription ; 

oat  «r  Ukkmadbst. 
SearuM  l<mio]jtcruM,  JiiIcIjan,  Pron.  V.  ».  Nat.  Miia.  1888,  47. 


90&H.  SCAR|:H  KltU,MA^I..Ii>rtiaii  ^  F.rxnnBnn. 

Ucail  3!  in  length  (HJ  iii  total);  depth  3*.  Two  small  blunt  p08t«riop 
uuuiu«8  in  upper  jaw,  lu'iir  angle  of  month ;  c-audul  xhort,  aluiost  tnuioat«, 
the  utiddlo  rnys  a  littler  Hliortur  tliaii  the  outer  ones;  2  rows  of  acalea 
oil  clieek.  In  life,  bright  nf'^en,  darker  on  the  back,  pakT  below  ;  a  broad 
liiteral  tmnd  mostly  liyjow  level  i>f  oyc  and  twice  ividth  of  py«?,  of  a  brilliant 
oriin>t<i-yollow  coliir  extc-uding  from  ^{ill  opunlnfr  to  opponito  vent,  where 
it  cc.iAoa  aliiiOHt  alii'U|itl,v;  u])p<T  part  (jf  tliia  l»and  u  yellow  streak  more 
than  4  "«  wide  as  oyi'j  and  nearly  on  level  of  )iiipil,  peraiHtent  and  bright 
yellow  in  alrohol,  while  fhe  orange  fadfs  to  pale;  behind  the  vent,  the 
side  iH  :i  little  brassy  or  yellowisli,  tliis  shade  8ci»rcely  routrasting  with 
the  irrcon  tr>'"n>i<l  t^olur;  there  ix  iiIho  in  life  an  ill-delined  band  of  blnod 
rid  nearly  ;t  stiile.  wide  iibovo  and  below  the  jjronnd  color;  base  of  poetoral 
willi  a  Idne-biiiek  inarU.  upper  jnirt  iif  head  dark  green,  below  eye,  bright 
yellowiuli  green,  with  some  Iditiah  niarkiiign  on  operde;  eandiil  fin  green, 
its  iiiitcr  rays  bluekiHh;  nther  iiim  itijtired  in  both  the  typical  examples, 
the  dorsal  bright  green  at  bii*e,  ventriils  pale ;  teeth  pale.  Oulf  of  Uexioo, 
in  deep  water.  'I'wo  sperimens  were  obtained  from  ntomaehs  of  Rod 
(rroiipers  (E)>inephri>in  iiiiii-io),  the  first  ono  by  Mr.  Chfirles  IJ.  Itollmnn,  ofl' 
Tampa  I>ay.  The  second  was  sent  later  by  Mr.  Stexrns.  The  latter.  5 
inches  long,  is  espeoially  the  type  nf  the  luTegniitg  deMrription,  (Named 
for  ClmrluB  Harvey  Ilollman. ) 

Hcarut  Imthnaui.  JoKtiAK  A:   KvEKMATfN,  PriH!.  U.  ft.  Nat.  Miin.  IA8C,  470,  olT  Tampa  Bay 
(Type,  No.  ItTODJ.     Cull.  SiUi)  .Steanui);  .lOBbAX,  Kevlvw  Lal>n>lil  Finh«a,C83, 180Q 


aimi:.  srARrs  t.i:niuptkris.  i>ra»iHr»iit. 

Heail  3  (3i  with  caudal);  depth  2j  (3i).  It.  IX.  10;  A.  II,  9;  scales 
2^-24-6.  Hody  obloijg-ellipticnl.  A  cauiuo  directed  backwuni  and  out- 
ward above  the  angle  of  the  month;  tipper  Up  covering  more  than  i  of 
surface  of  upper  J.iw;  lye  Hniall,  0  in  head;  Huoiit  rather  acute,  2||  in 
head;  eheek  with  2  nearly  equal  rows  of  about  li  erale^a  each,  1  or  2  large 
seikleH  below  the  lower  series;  8  si'ales  on  median  line  of  back  1iefi>re  dor> 
aal;  peetoral  rcoi'liing  jimt  post  tips  of  ventrals;  origin  of  ventral  apinu 
under  pogtcriiir  end  nf  pectoral  botte;  tips  of  ventrals  Bcanely  rcaidiiug  to 
midway  between  their  biise  and  front  of  ana) ;  ciiiulsil  fin  when  spread 
out  very  slightly  rounded,  the  nuter  rays  very  slightly  produced,  It  in 


Jordan  and  Ex'crmann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     1047 


head.  In  specimens  of  ff  inched.  Color  in  life,  dark  orttiige  lirown  tibove; 
the  ("fintiT  of  each  soalp  ^noriiHh  blue;  nilhirr  alirtiptly  pnler  lielow, 
where  the  l>Iiie  predomiunN^H  as  it  (iofs  also  on  cantlnl  prdnncl*-;  sides  of 
lu'ijcl  with  2  lioii/ontaL  atripen  uf  dteji  liluisb  ^tim-u,  rumiiiifi  from  an^Io 
of  oj)ercl<-.  Ibrunjib  eye  and  iiiL-otliiii;  around  sunut,  tlic  intcrapnco  ante- 
riorly y<']I(iwigl),  pn^tpriorly  browuish;  be.id  liglil  ureeiii.tli  lielow;  Jnwa 
pjile;  2  f^n'pn  stripes,  witb  a  yellowish  intprKiiiite.  on  lowi-r  jaw;  ji 
broad,  lirifilit-yollovv  Innid  bi'low  li"\*!]  of  (iromi  striiiew  of  liewl,  riiiiniuK 
frotu  liaHO  of  pectortilB  lmikw;ird  rii*.'irly  to  Mjiddlo  of  boily:  ditrNjil  (in 
^rpuuixli  \\\\ui  uu  lowoi  litilf;  abcuc  thiA  u  broad  oruu;^!!  b.ind.  tbo  liii  mar- 
giiiBil  with  Kky  blue;  cnndal  indigo  bluish,  with  some  vngiio  yellow 
Hhtulos,  the  ontor  rny8  bright  nrnuKc,  edged  witb  iudigo  blui«ih  ;  anal  grcen- 
iah,  blue  at  base,  tbun  a  ratbeniarrow  Hlri]>e  of  orange,  tln^  outer  half  of 
tho  tin  bhiiHli;  vciitralH  grconiHli  and  yi>llowiMb;  pi'ctonil  light  yellow,  no 
d(irk  blotch  at  its  buHo.  In  spiriln  the  oningn  fad<>H  to  yeUowiwh  »nd  tht* 
blue  t<j  bright  grpeii.  The  yellow  laternl  band  is,  in  «j«irits,  da8liP<l  with 
red.  Wfst  liidiuM;  generaJly  cumnioii.  Hero  described  (roui  NpociuieuH  94 
inches  long  fioni  H;»vaii(i,  the  typos  of  .SVacua  rifi/iiinfis.  Utbora  exiiniined 
ore  ft'nni  Porto  liii-o  and  St.  Thomas.  The  uauic  jtHittacnt  biw  been  used 
by  rwent  writers  for  this  Hpeciua.  The  nrigln.-il  type  of  Corjfphima puilUi- 
rus,  sent  by  Dr.  fiardeii  from  CharleBtou,  ]»  Ntill  pn-si-rved  by  tb«  Lintui'nii 
.Society  of  Loudon.  It  hits  been  oxainincd  by  Dr.  Beau,  who  ban  foDud  it 
to  be  n  .VyrioAf/ij/d.      (rcr/i'iVt,  ribbon ;  Trre/jrif-,  iln.) 

Stanu  tmtiopUnu,'  VtsMx&Esr,  Diet.  CloMique,  JiV,  214.  pL  12,  IKIl,  Cuba;  (TrvncB  St 
VALEKCHNlfM,  Hi»l.  Nftl.  PoiiM.,  XIV,  195  (Mmv  tyiM-) ;  .lOHIiJlX.  I'r<M:.  IT.  .S.  Xat.  Mti«. 
IBM,  lii3  iDoto  on  original  type) ;  .Touoan.  R<>viow  I..iliruiil  FIsbrB.  08.1,  IHOO. 

Sennu  vrtula.  Cl'VlCB  it  VALKNriENNES,  HUI.  Nut.  rui88.,.\iv.l93. 1H39,  St.  Thomai.  not 
of  Hux'ii  Si  8<'nNF.IUEK  :  biuMul  on  a  ti|;iirf  of  t'AKRik. 

PmuluKarut pnllaev.  GI'MTHKn,  CmI..  IV.  226, 1H02  (after  Ooryphtena  ;>tiKa«u«,  L.,  whinh 
i«  H  itpcoieH  or  Syriflilhiii :  not  Seams  ptitlactm,  YovskKi.,  nn  Aniutie  niindra): 
GciOTIENi.1T,  S<'arid^s.  Mus.  Parin,  23. 1805:  PoKY,  Synopal*.  311 ;  PoEY.  Enuiin^mUn.  116. 

Searvt  rirgitmliM,  JokDAK  &.  .SWAl.N,  I'roc.  U.S.  NaLMtia.  1884,  US.  Havana  (CuU.  Jonlan); 
JoBDAN.  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  M  ii«.  1886, 47. 

I'lewioKaruii  tienioptrrwi.  CvioifRNOT.  Scaridi''!,  Mua.  Puria,  20.  I8SS. 

Seanu  priUaeru,  Cope,  Tnuis.  Am.  I'liilua.  Soc.  1871.  W\. 


iWU\.    NC.tKi'S   AKACASfl.t   ((iiiiitbur). 


Two  i»erie«  of  sculco  on  cheek,  and  2  scales  on  lowi-r  prenpercnlnr 
limb;  ciinincs  2  or  'i  on  each  side-,  the  middle  Berirs  coinpoBcd  of  6 
Hcalen;  lips  broad:  jaws  rosy,  the  npper  with  2  or  ,3  Hiiiall  pointed  jtrouii- 
nenccM  :it  the  angle;  teeth  small;  dorsal  spines  tiexilde;  canda)  irtm- 
cated;    11    pectoral  rays;   tnbes  of  the  lateral  line  simple;    lateral   line 


'  Wf*  have  thu  fullowing  notim  uu  the  t,vpo  of  Seartu  IffniapWritii  IIebmarBST: 

"  .S]i«tiini)ii  O.;;?  Ill,  liiiiji  in  very  Imil  ciiurlitioii :  the  lolor  f iitir»'l>- f«<leil.  Ciilin.  (IVa- 
iiiarfnU  I     Tin*  *lurMjil  nlimvw  I'jiintly  'J  cwlorM,  witli  n  Bpt>1  at  lh«  liaMi-  ofi^nch  iiit«mliraiai*." 

Auotlier  N[>n'iiui»ii  rrnin  l)ir  iiiufli'iiui  at  Ut^ucva.  O.'Mt  ni.  Ions,  is  in  lirltvr  ciiiKlUlnn. 
Thi'  colors  ou  tli*  "lor'<al  uliow  uiurv  (ilaiidy,  and  Ibsrc  are  2  ilnnky  ItaniU  ou  tlic  unnl. 
Tho  niiiiT  ray  of  cuinUil  uImiv*"  anil  iwliiw  is  [iiilfr  tlinn  tli^  ulhi'tH, 

TtiU  la  iilnullial  with  (liv  utb«r  Hp«clmen,  ami  btitli  fti!«>m  |i>  t>plinigtii  tliL>  upecica  called 
Stanu  vtrpinalU,  b;  Jordan  &.  Siroin  (Pt«&  U.  S.  NaU  Mua.  1884, 88). 


1648         Bullet fn  47,  UnUed  Slates  Natiottal  Museum. 


iDterrupled.  Color  nuilortn  violet  purple ;  vertical  flna  V(!ry  dark.  Ja- 
iitaiia  ((Wintlinri ;  urikiiowii  to  ns.  Ai'cording  to  Dr.  Qiiiitbor  "it  Iih« 
exactly  tlie  same  r-iil(iratiiiii  (as  Sparinoma  frofidoHum),  with  which  it  may 
be  eiisily  canfoiindrtl."     (Portugneso  naniu  for  hoiiic  parrot.) 

I'triidoiii-tiriii  nraranifa,  Gr^wrnEli,  (^ut,  :v,  227, 1R(K,  Jamaica. 
Searut  araetinga,  Jordan.  Keviow  Liibroiil  FisboA,  SSI,  IWO, 

tmi.   SCAIlfS  TniSI'lXOSIS,  Cnvler  a  Vnlcnricnnea. 

The  ty]ifl,  a  drieil  skin,  ia  thus  doot'riUed  by  (Jiiickeuol: 

Form  uf  I'lnidoKaruf  ijHOfnmaUi :  Jaws  ttnely  crooulalp  on  tbr  ciIki^,  ihrir  KOrfaoe 
flinoolb,  except  nn  Iuwit  J«iw:  tcrtli  pale;  3  poatiarior  i<uiiIikiji  abuvu;  Kculen  of  clic«k  in 
3rowa;  caudal  somvwiiat  roiinilci),  its  noglea  pmlutii;cil  in  sharp  poliitB.  Culor  nulform 
rtsddish  brown,  thor-Aiulnl  ini'tlliilly  t>aler.  it.t  jiOAtoriur  tnnrgin  aud  poiiilA  blaokiab.  A 
vury  UrE«  akiu  sent  t>y  tl)v  Mu«i-utu  o(  LlslKin,HUii|H>«eil  U)  coiut'  frtiui  Brazil. 

The  speciiueu  called  Scariit  iiuadrinpinoiiiH  is  not  ovtdontly  difforent. 
This  is  a  dried  akin  400  mm.  loug  ami  is  tbua  described  by  Giiicheuot: 

Form  of  Scanii  t/minptmt :  Jhwh  Irruclinnt.  flui'ly  cronnlatp  nn  thf  olRe,  tbclranrrace 
niiKKilh;  4  caniiiMt  on  cneh  aiilit  hIwvv  ;  3  ruw.inf  bcuIch  on  tin*  clioik  iiiiil4  ur&ono|>crcl»: 
cauilnl  »quiir«>ly  truiK'atc,  it»  lolxis  <«*itaii«  aiul  vry  «bi<rl.  Pnli.r  «llvi>  brown,  pnler  on 
iiiflt*»  mill  iM'lly,  tvitli  no  trace  of  baiidM  nor  liiifn  urt  li«nd  nor  fliiti;  linn  ^'elluwinh,  exc<^pt 
llie  I'Aiidnl,  wliit'li  in  diinky. 

Wti  havis  the  folluwinj;;  iiuti^M  on  the  Hamo  specimen : 

f.'ulur  Liitirt'ly  rndMl,  |Kmnil>Iy  blui.'-  in  lil'>?.-'4  disUnct'  po^trriur  laniues  on  rijtlit  aide  of 
upper  Jaw  (tbu  lift  6Jd<'  bnikcn) :  Hnout  ratbi<r  long:  candal  siiniily  Innate;  ohmk  MalM  in 
3|  rowii:  7  aoalfio  liefure  ilonal:  axil  pAlc;  Una  apparvntlr  imiIo  ami  plain. 

West  Indies  to  Bruzil.     (IriapinotMt,  three-spinod. ) 

Sennit  Iritpinoniii.  Cl'vicb  Si  VALKMcnmMEB,  Uiat  Mat.  Poiaa.,  xcv,  182, 1830,  Braiil;  JOR- 
iiA«,  Itcvlcw  Labroid  Kisln^,  6H4, 1890. 

Seanii  iivadrityinotuM,  CtrriHU  &  VxiJl?(c'iKN»sa,  Hint.  Nat.  Poia*.,  StV,  tV7,  ISSa,  Mar- 
tinique; GUK'HB.\OT.  Scarld('ii.27, 1886  (aoteou  tyre);  Jobdam,  Ptoo.  U.  S.  Nat  Hoa. 
1886,  &12  (note  on  typo). 

PttHdowant*  (juadritjiinonit,  Goode,  MuU.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mun.,  V,  34,  I87B. 

T  J'*»MA>«eflrMjif:AJonji,'fU'NTllEii,f;at..lv.a27, 1882:  not  >Si-nrti«rA/«H«,  Ku.M;ilft.SmmnDiau 

Piev4o*oanu  Uitpinutut,  Uuiciienot.  Scarid^a,  23, 18CS  (note  on  tjiie). 

SMS.  K(  ARt  K  rL'2.lXII..(:,  Iloan. 

Depth  :U.  IK.  IX.  10;  A.  III.  «;  i-yo  7i  in  head;  srales  3-25-7.  The 
body  IH  somowbiit  fiisiltirtn  in  Bluipc.  Tho  jawt*  are  whitish  at  tho  margin 
and  olivacoona  over  tho  re«t  of  their  surl'ac*';  3  cuninua,  directed  outward;* 
and  slightly  backward  on  lower  posterior  cdi;o  of  tho  upper  jaw;  upper 
lip  coveriug  r;vth<'r  less  than  i  of  tU"  snrfai/e  of  the  upper  jaw ;  snout 
attennated ;  n  considfrabln  d(>)ire88ion  nhovo  thi"  nostriU;  dtataiicn  from  tip 
of  ui>per  jaw  to  the  irl»,  uie.t8ured  obliquely,  equals  ^  dorMul  bone  and 


•  Th»  MjitK-inienii  from  Janiaii-ik,  wronuly  nalleil  PnvdoKaniii  rlilnrit  Jiy  Dr.  Giinthttr, «ra 
ttiuR  ili-Ri'rilHMl :  "  Two  aerica  of  ncnlm  on  i-liLM'k  and  2  nrali-H  on  th»  lower  limb  of  the  pro- 
iijixnuliiin:  tli<<  ai-cond  aeries  Ih  rmnpoKiMl  of  4  arnli'x:  r:iiidal  runndiKl,  witli  the  MBm 
prodiicod  i  IS  pectoral  rnya ;  twith  vi^ry  Rniall.  Nearly  iioiform  green ;  vurtiual  lim  edged 
with  dark  green;  nape  or  operelea  aonietimoa  reddlab." 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1649 


nearly  \  the  bead;  eye  8itni«t«d  rutlior  lens  than  I  nf  its  tliumetera  from 
the  u])|>or  profilf^  nf  the  head  and  iioarly  3  nf  ita  diainoters  from  tlie  lownr 
prolilo;  4  rowK  of  scaloM  on  tbc  rliepk,  Ik's'hIi-h  a  row  of  oenlea  upon  the 
aubopcrotiliini  siml  intcroiiertuliini;  lower  serk*  on  cliook  coutstjniu};  5 
Bcaiia  ami  the  other  Heries  from  <>  to  7;  7  iterirH  of  ai-alcH  »n  the  iiiediun 
line  (if  the  hnck  before  the  dt»rB!il.  Iloifrlit  nf  hmly  not  oqiijil  to-  length 
of  hi'iul.  Least  hoight  of  tail  <:<i[uitl8  lonjith  nf  postoibitiil  p;irt  of  head 
iiud  not  (|uit<3  {  the  ^^'ateat  lii'ij;ht  of  body;  orig'iu  of  dorsal  about  over 
tliat  nf  thi*  ])e4?ttiral;  base  nf  daraal  exactly  twice  aa  lonj;  an  that  of  anal; 
dorHiil  HiMiica  alioiit  equal  iii  oixc,  the  fourth  ^piue  e(|nalH  j^  the  ^reatcHl 
hei;(ht  of  body,  and  is  coiitninnd  'A  timus  in  the  distance!  from  tlie  tip  of 
the  ii[>pi;r  liji  to  thr  orjj^iii  nf  the  domal;  IcugtJi  of  pectoral  about -^  of 
tot:il  lcn;;tli  to  end  of  the  middle  caudal  raya;  vontriil  a  littli'  iiion-  than 
{  an  long  ;i8  h<'ad.  Enteral  lino  interriipteil  under  end  of  soft  dorwjil,  18 
Bcates  lieing  pinrcrd  )>efnie  the  interruption.  Pidors  nf  the  alrnbol  Hpcci- 
iiieu :  8piiioa8  doTHal  with  a  narrow,  dark  uiiirj^iu;  soft  di>rgal  with  a 
broad,  dusky  niiU'gin,  the  rest  of  tin-  tin  li;;hter ;  aual  liji^ht  at  base,  a  faint, 
diinky  band  coverinK  about  tht<  outer  )  of  the  fiii;  pectcrral  and  ventral 
p»le;  caudal  light  at  liase,  and  withneviTal  broiid.  lijjht  arciis  extendiun 
out  on  the  raya;  thu  uiujor  (lortion  of  the  lln,  Imwever,  i«  very  diirk;  goii- 
oral  color  duaky  •)Iiv:ie<nu.s,  many  nf  the  scales  having  a  ro.sy  blntuh  at 
the  base;  opereiilain  with  ;»  fovf  irro-fular  blotches  nf  blue;  iris  yellowish. 
Length  XW  mm,  c'nzniuel  Itiland,  Yucatan.  (Iteau.)  ("In  allusion  of 
the  ancient  uaiiie  nf  the  island"  of  Cozunicl.) 

Semnu ewzainiliT.  IIeam.  Rull.  r.8.  Kidli  Cotiim.  IH8H,  IBfl,  Coxumel  <Tyiie. No.  3T12«.    r'nll. 
Iioao>;  JOKIMN,  Unvirw  I.nliroiil  KiKlim,  «i^.  18!I0. 

eimS.  SrjlRrS  TKTITLA  {Bliwh  a   Sohneldor). 


(Mlliri.-H,   VlEJA;  Ou>   Vfwt.) 

Cheek  with  4  rows  of  srales;  angles  uf  caudal  uioro  nr  less  salient;  tei-th 
quite  small;  sirnnt  nioderato;  2  (rarely  3)  lateral  eanines  in  upper  jaw. 
ficneral  color  ilark  sky  blue;  si-alesbrowu-cdgcil;  eye  with  blue  sputa  above 
and  bi'liiud ;  a  green  baud  from  the  angiB  of  the  mouth,  borrlered  above 
nnit  below  by  red;  tin  jmle  lateral  band:  fins  <'hieil\  bine,  darker  on  pec- 
toral and  front  of  caudal;  middle  of  tloraal  reddish,  with  blni'  spntn;  ii  re)l 
bund  near  the  od};e  of  the  cniidal,  1  on  the  boAe  of  the  anal,  and  1  near 
the  upi>er  e-ilge  of  tlu*  [lertor.il ;  ventral^  mostly  reil,  their  <!xterniil  UordRr 
blue;  upper  jaw  wi<h  red  and  blue  edfiingH.  \V«:st  Indies;  generally  ei>ui- 
mon.  One  of  the  most  gorgeous  of  the  parrot- fi«heH,  reailiing  a  length  of 
nearly  2  feet.  The  spceinioiiH  here  described  were  sent  by  Professor  I'oey 
to  tlie  utuseiim  at  Cambridge.  (rHnia,  olil  woman,  given  in  allitsinii  to  the 
Spanish  name  Virja;  Knglish  namcv,  Old  Wife.) 

Vieja,  I>AltKA,  Uir.  rii^uw.  eU:..  88,  pi. 28,  f.  1, 1787,  Havans. 

Seanu  reluia,  Biniii  .1-  ,Si  usmiutB,  Hyt.  Ii-Iitliynl.,2S9.  1WI1,  Cuba,  after  Tauba;  CfViCB 
&  VAI.KNeiKNSkN,  ITiHi.  Nnl.  ['nlna..  XtV,  103,  ISktO:  GciciiENOT,  Scnridi'n.  '&.  18fi5  (iioir 
iiu  type).  JoHiiAN  &'.  .Swain,  I'roo.  U.  S.  NaLMiis.  18H4,0<I:  JniWAN,  I(rvi€>w  Laliruid 
rinbm,  (itH,  levo. 


1650 


ulletin  /7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


SatruM  nperbut,  PoEir,  Momorlaa,  ii,  218,  IROO,  Cuba. 

I'teudoteamt  tuperbut.  CCNTnER,  f^at.,  IV,  'J18.   IMffi:    POKY,  Sj-nopalo,  Sit,  1888;   POBTi 

Knuinuralio,  110,  1876. 
P*eiirfi>*<r<i  ni4  vetula,  Ooode,  Bull.  V.  S.  Xat-  Miis.,  v,  32, 1B78. 

£064.  HrARI'S  <aATIIOIII  S,  I'<N>y. 

Brown,  with  a  <'le!ir  browji  baud  ulou^  luiddlo  of  trunk  uml  anotlipr 
iildiig  lower  {vftrt  of  licH.v ;  posterior  •aniiips  utrnng;  eilgo  of  jaw  Ktrongly 
ritnarglnate;  posterior  bonier  of  cainUl  llexuoiis.  Cnliii  (Foey ) ;  not  seen 
liy  us.  Thifl  apt'ciea  may  bt^,  us  I'oay  suspectn,  Hirnply  tlui  normal  form  of 
Setirv»  arutug.  tbo  type  of  th«  lutttT  having  nn  i-auiiiiin.  Thf  roloration  of 
the  two  is  tbu  Haiiic     (yt'irtJoi;,  .jaw  ;  oSovc,  timtli.) 

Heunit  gnathoJut.  l'<iKY,  Itoperluriu,  ll,  2-10,  1867.  Havana. 

I'ttitdottarut  gnaUiudiu,  Poky,  Sj-nopHis.  :iril),  lUflS;  PoBV,  Uiiiiiiu'ratio,  1 19. 1875. 


Subgenus  CALLIODON  <4:ranuw>  S<'liiuii<ler. 

ifwifi.  ki;abi!k  ('Hon'K>sis<uii>i-ro. 

Head  :i  m  with  raiuiiil);  <U>ptb  3  (3?).  D.  IX.  10;  A.  II,!>;  eye  email, 
5i  in  bead;  Btioiit  not  obtuse,  2!(;  sruleH  2J-24-6.  Body  compurativoly 
elongate.  No  poHterinr  canino  toctb;  lip  i'over!n>;most  of  Kiirfntiof  upper 
jaw;  rlieek  witli  '.<  ri>W9  of  KcaleH,  iLtj  lower  witb  3  or  )  si^alrs,  those  of 
tbe  iijipcr  row  scarcely  t;ir;;iM-  than  those  of  tlxj  smoud  rmv;  7  xfrilos  on 
nmliiin  liiii'  before  dorH.il;  pcctonil  reiichiug  just  pust  tifis  of  veutrul.M; 
origin  of  ventral  Npinc  slifjlilly  bobiiiil  base  of  jiertorals;  ti])s  of  ventrals 
reacliinjc  slifihtly  tiiuro  than  midway  between  base  of  tin  ami  front  of 
aual;  caudal  »lightly  .iml  tn-tinly  toiindi-d,  itaonter  rays  li  in  htnul,  not  at 
III!  prodiicud  in  HpeciiiieiiH  OKaniined.  Color  iu  lifi\  nf  yoniig  of  2  to  4 
iut'beH,  (lark  olive,  little  itjoUled,  ro.sy  brduw,  on  busc'H  of  ttrnlea  :iiid  lower 
part  of  bead;  2  dark,  latcrnl,  parullol  .'ilrijtea,  thi>  np])or  jxtssing  through 
»ye  and  iiboiit  equaling  it  in  width,  being  twice  as  wide  a<i  lower  xtripi) 
which  uieetti  base  of  pet'toiaJ ;  jawa  roddiHli ;  tfrth  lijjbt  i<'ddisb;  dorsal 
oraugo  ytdluw.  it«  cdgn  pale  blui.<<b;  raiidal  and  anal  similar,  tlii'  former 
mottled;  ventralH  rtMl  orange;  puitorals  plain,  tiiu  biiHu  yclli>wisL  witbont 
ilark  blotch.  In  BpiritH  tb«'  rosy  I'olor  bcioitioH  grayish  and  all  the  fins 
pale.  Clblor  exainjjleN,  7  to  9  iuchea  in  l«ngtb,  an'  d:uk  roddisli  brown 
above,  paler  below;  back  dark,  Kid<-8  with  2  dark  ])aralb'l  wtripi's  of  the 
color  of  the  bunk,  He]iaratt'il  by  pjile  iuterxpaces,  tbo  ii))]ier  ouo  backwurd 
fniMi  pye;  suont  above  bluish  brown,  a  narrow  whiti-'li  atri'ak  ninning 
from  bead  along  thn  iniddb.'  lino  of  belly  ;  H  Hitiiilar  atrcakH  on  ea4'b  side 
of  bixtiUil.,  thi/ri'  boiug  I  ou  tsach  row  of  scales;  ti-otli  dark  n-il;  a  diidky 
blotch  at  base  of  pe('t<>ral;  t'aiidal  pale,  or.iuge  red,  dusky  at  tip  and 
ttidoB,  tbe  outer  rayi*  being  Honiewhat  barrt'd  with  brown;  anal  tight 
bltiiHh.  duKky,  paler  in  fnmt  and  on  L'dgo:  vcntrals  and  pectorals  ])»lo; 
doraal  orange,  edge<!  with  blnmh.  Hi'io  drseribed  from  a  ajiociHieu  from 
llayana,  7  im-hes  iu  length.     West  Indies,  north  to  Key  Weat;  gonenlly 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  Anurica.     I6iil 


roiiimnii;  1  of  the  ninnllcr  xppoiM;  tnkpti  liy  Dr,  Jordan  nt  Haviinft  and 
Key  West.  Spocitnons  frnin  noraiuJ:i,  Tortunas,  St.  Thniiias,  :iiiil  St. 
('ruix  i-xaiuincd  by  us,  I'ovy  reru};iii/eii  l'»tudoiicixr\t»  Uneulalits,  with  the 
3  streaks  along  the  side  of  the  breast,  as  a  species  disttur-t  from  /'.  lanctn- 
iTwix  (eroirrniig),  in  which  thesf'  iiiarkiuf^  iiro  obsolete.  TheHe  xtripes 
uro  present  in  all  our  tipurijiK-iiH  fraiuCubii,  iiiid  Kluridu,  bat  in  u  larger 
o\uniplL'  from  .St.  Liiciti  they  iiru  very  fiiirit  or  obsolete.  Thvir  absence  is 
probiiMy  a  matter  of  •■igis,  not  uf  8]ii'ritir  diflfitreure.  (crotirtt/iU,  liviDg  in 
St. Croi^,  whore  the  spcvies  wiis  discovered.) 

CiMt/ndim.  OBoifow,  Mam-tiiii  Iclittiyol.,  tl,  «,  1703:  QlKWOW,  Zoiipbylaovniii.  Z44,  t.7,  r.4 

taiue  jtatrta). 
Satriis  troirrnxiti,  1!I.(V'||,  Irlilliyiil.,])].'.".:!,  1T90,  St,  Croix;  iirubalily  more  (liiui  1  ttprciea 

inc^lllde<l :  JdKii.iN  A  < i iLliKltx ,  Sj  uo]>aiii,  B38,  1883 ;  J duua.v  ,V  Swain,  Vruiu  V.  S.  Nat. 

Mu*.  I»tM,87;  JoRUAN,  I..-.,  137:  JoniiAN,  Pror.  T.  S.  Nat.  Miin.  18HCI,  47;  BKAJt.  Bull.  U. 

K.  Fish  Cumin.  18iW,  1118:  .loitUAN,  Rnview  Liilmild  FUIilh.  K85,  IK9U. 
KryeMltiiit  erMefrndn,  SWAmnoN,  Nat.  Hint.  Cln.'ui'ii  Finlx-s,  II,  220, 1K3B  (iiuuu  ouly). 
M:nni«tfi«taie-«a>i«{as9n<«i»,  HbQCll  &  SciWBtDB«.Syst.Icbthyol,,!S&,IWl  (after  BuH'ii), 

St.  Croix. 
CaUindon  lineatut.  Hux'H  &  StbnkIDER,  Synt.  Irlithyol., 312.  t>l.  02,  f.  2,  I80I  (altorGtliiii(OW) : 

ObonoW.Svii.  Nat.,  E:<l.iiruy,S4, 18&4  {itinr  patria). 
Scarut  aUrniant,  CfviKli  Si.  VAl.liN<-lKNKB$>,  Hist.  Nat.  Polts.,  [v.  Son,  imo,  Martinique. 
I'tfuilottanu  liuntlatim,  ri'KY,  llu|HTt(irin,  II. 2:10.  IWi*.  Cuba  ;  Coicv,  RiiiiiiKTiilici.  1l!i.  1875. 
I'ttniUitearut  MtK^r-oriifM.  UCXTHirB,  Cut..  IV.  226, 1K62 ;  IJini-ilKNOT.  Sniridrf,  Slim.  P«rii<. 

2fl,  1805;  Pke^.  Syii<ip«i«,35u,  IHOi*.  I'mey,  Koniiieratifl,  119, 1B75. 
SfaniM  xafteitv-cniri*,  Core,  Tntua.  .\iii.  IMiil.  S<h'.  1870, 4111. 


Simn.  Sliltr-V  KVKRMANM.  Jordan. 

Head  2J  (^i  in  total);  depth  24.  Ti«©tli  jialo;  no  canines:  caudal  llu 
(iDtttilated)  appai->-utly  sabtruiK'atinn  liftt;  nuules  on  cdieek  in  2rows.  In 
lilV,  brijjht  jtrt'ci),  oltviu-i.MinH  above,  jliIit  Spfo^w  ;  the  lower  half  uf  the 
Itody  b<=*comiiiK  poNtfiinrly  nioro  mid  more  yidlaw,  and  on  the  lowrr  lialf 
of  the  L-audul  i>odiiii<l(!  brijjht  li;j;ht  yellow;  this  eolor  brightest  iibuve 
front  cif  anal ;  a  luii^itiidinal  bund  ol'  bright  criiniinn  (  fudiiig  to  whitish  in 
spirits)  on  body  on  level  of  eye,  bnt  narrower  than  i-ye  and  /iriiwing 
fainter  behind  ;  Home  iTiinson  nuirks  an  the  srjib'^s  above  this  band  fonning 
a  faint  interrupted  band  bulow  lateral  line;  both  thuse  bandis  coutiuueil 
oil  head  tu  i«ye  with  a  band  of  jjreen  (brown  in  apirits)  between  tbwii; 
sides  of  belly  each  with  3  sharjily  delinod  lines  of  inilign  black,  like  ink 
iiiartwH,  cauh  on  a  row  of  scales,  th'^se  stripes  i  iiuiiing  from  the  briMst  to 
beyond  front  of  aual ;  no  spot  on  Iiasu  of  pcctnral ;  bright  green  on  toji  of 
b(*ad  above  eyi's,  reddish  below;  caudal  liii  green,  it*  lower  half  yellow; 
dorsal,  anal,  and  pm-torals  (mutilated  iu  thetyi»ei,  apiiarciitly  alt  green, 
at  least  at  base:  ventrals  ydhnv.  In  K])iritH,  fading  ta  brown,  with  1 
distinct  p,ih>  lateral  stripe  on  lovcl  of  ]owi<r  part  of  eye,  and  a  fainter  one 
above  it.  Itlne-black  streaks  on  sides  of  belly  not  fading  iu  alcohol;  n 
snintl  dark  spot  tui  upper  edge  of  cnuda!  pediiiicle  near  base  of  caudal. 
Otilf  ol  Mexico,  in  deep  water,  with  Siaritn  hollinaui.  The  ty]ie,  '!  incbes, 
was  nhtained  from  the  stomach  of  a  red  grnnjipr,  olV  Tampa  Bay,  by 
Charles  H.  Uolliuau.  \'ery  close  to  Senrui  iroiann'm,  and  similar  to  it  iu 
pattern  of  coloration,  exoe]it  that  the  sharply  detlued  stivnka  on  the  sides 


1652  Bulletin  ^y.  United  States  National  Museum. 


of  tbc  brooAt  aro   in    S.  trermanni   inky   bine,    in   H.   croioiuis   whitish. 
(Named  for  Hart<»n  WftircM  Kverniann.) 

Scanit  evrrmanni,  JoRDAK,  Proi-.  U,  S.  Nut,  MnD.  188<1,  -169,  off  Tampa  Bay  (Type.  No. 
37880.     (.:oU.  n.  H.  lloUman) ;  JonuAM,  Review  Labroid  Fishcvi,  dgS,  ISSO. 

«MI7.  SCAKCH  FLATOMilttilNiTUK,  Cnrirr  «:  ValnncienDon. 

Jaws  trenchant,  their  (Tennlatinns  little  marked ;  no  caninM ;  3  series  of 
acale«  on  tliRi^heok  ;  cainlal  Rijiiarely  trniioiite,  i(.a  cuitjT  rays  not  prwlnce*!; 
body  <li'eppr  thiiii  in  .S.  rroitetiKin.  th«  Knout  more  blunt,  f 'olor  yellowish 
brown;  no  lijindH  "f  linis  tipon  body  nr  hpjid;  dorsii]  upottt^d  with  violet; 
a  yellow  lino  ncivr'tlio  odgo,  and  iknollior  .-ilon;;  the  Uuho  of  tlip  dorsal; 
caudal  unspotted,  ((inicliwnot. )  Martiiiifiiic  Known  only  from  thescanty 
doHcriptiuns  of  Valeucionm^s  and  Giiiuhenot,  taken  from  ono  young  speci- 
men.    (JIarHJ),  yellow;  nMrginatut,  margined.) 

Seanii  flaenmaryinatut,  CiviKit   ii.  VALEMciENNEy,    Iliat.   MM.  Poiaa.,   xiv,  202.  IgaS, 

Martinique  (Coll.  V\H') ;  JoKOAN.  Review  I.ubniiil  FiiilHia,  A8fl,  IMM). 
PmuiUttearus  Jtavomaryinatun,  Oiticbbnot,  Scaiid6s,  30,  lg6.S  (unt«  mi  t.v]M>>. 

iMlH.  M-ARIIM  A(;ilTirH,  I>uey. 

(LOIK).) 

Mead  rather  slender;  depth  3^  iu  li-n^tb,  e<inal  to  len^h  of  head;  eye 
7  iu  liuad  in  nii<idli«  of  ItM  Icnj^th;  candnl  BTihtrnnciitn  with  nalicnt  siOKles; 
Biinnt  riitli«<r  poiuti'd  ;  nontrils  close  toKCtlii'r;  no  poMt^^rior  crininrs;  I'heek 
witli  I  rowH  ol'  srjilcK.  Tfi'tli  wliitish  ;  general  rolor  \  iolarcniiH:  sides  with 
IV  broad  whitish  bnnd  ;  fniB  plain  reddish,  the  upper  vinlui-eun»;  npper  lip 
deep  bUio,  lower  carmine;  head  oli\aceoii»  above,  rosy  below.  Cnba 
f  I'w'y);  nut  scisn  by  wn.  Pcrhap.s  idcnticiil  with  Scarim  ijnathodMB,  whirh 
seenL-itci  dillei-  only  in  the  presence  of  posterior  c.nnincs;  their  si1i.sencein 
the  typi'B  of  ucu/»j«  Diiiy  be  dni;  t<i  iadiviilnal  viiriationa.  (a<?u(Nji,  sliarp- 
pointed.) 

Saanu aeutiu,  PoKT,  Momorlas,  II,  SIS,  IB81,  Havana;  .IiiniiikK,  Rrrlew  I..abmiil  KiHlira, 

Sftl.  IKW. 
Ptrudotearut  amituM,  I'oEr,  Synopsis,  ;L'>0,  1888:  Foar,  KiitMii«r:iLli>.  11B.  IBTTi. 

SMO.  StURUN  CKBlTLEtTM  (nioch). 
(BUTK  PAaBOT-riSM:  LORO;  Clailauobe.) 

Head  ai  (3t;  with  oitiidal);  d<-pth  3i  (3£).  D.  IX,  10;  A.  II,  9;  scales  2i- 
24-6;  eye  Biuall,  5j  io  bend;  snoul  rathor  ncnt4«,  2t  in  head.  Body  rather 
olonnate,  the  form  »nbclli|>tii-al  in  the  young,  beroniin^  dcicp  with  a;;o,  a 
great  lleidiy  bnuip  on  tlti'  fori'h*>iid  in  old  individunlM.  .Iiiwh  snitill,  with 
HniooUi  rd(,'eH,  wbitiwh  in  the  adult,  ro«y  in  the  y<tgn};;  n<t  jiostcriiir  caniiin 
trpth;  upper  liji  covering  uhoiit  i  of  njijiiT  ,)aw^;  t'lioek  with  2  rows  of 
Hi'ulcs,  thi>  scale*  of  llie  upper  row  uuarty  twice  as  broad  as  tboMo  of  the  lowi'r; 
lielow  tb(!  InwiT  part  is  a  (tartiul  row  of  2  scales;  f>  soalc.M  on  nn-dian  line 
of  back  liefon-  dorNnl.  I'eetoral  not  reacliinK  p.ist  tii)9  of  ventral*;  origin 
of  Teotral  spine  iiodor  poKtt>ri«r  end  of  pectoral  base;  ventrals  n-fwhing 
midway  between  base  of  Ijm»  au'l  fr^mtoC  anal;  cuiidnl  slightly  ronndeil; 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fis/ies  of  North  America.     1663 


whun  cpri'iul  opt'ii  itn  oiitpr  riij-K  ;i  little  iirortiiccil,  !•  in  hi<H(i,  in  young  of 
i\  (not  ill  Icugtli,  said  til  1m  iiiiK'ti  longer  in  udiilt.  AtltiU  ileop  iniilbrni  tiliic ; 
partly  >;rc)\vii  Mpi'ciirii'UM  (fiimi  lluv;iii:i)  Uriglit  sky  lilm- ••verywliBn- ;  siiuu" 
hrnwii  on  itpjur  tti'iJot*;  lowi-r  lip  ri-<t(liHli  liruwii,  i-dgeil  with  liliic;  Huh 
Lilim,  witl»s«ntie  luown;  lew-ili  pivlu  r<-<MiHli.  Voimg  (4  iiichea;  Koy  Wi-nt) 
li'^ht,  livid  hliie  yrtiy,  tiii{,'i'il  witli  bniwniKli  <in  Imck,  (nnt<'r  Idiiish  below; 
yollowish  tiliveoii  top  t>\'  liuaii,  Iiitt  in>  shiirp  uiarkiujrH  iiiiywlioro  esrept 
uii  liim;  jaivvs  rullicr  liriglit  lluHh  red,  the:  auoiit  IttiiiNti ;  teeth  pair  ;  dui'rial 
<'d);o<l  witli  luij^ht  Idiir,  IicJdw  tliiw  dull  niJiUj^e,  its  Iiiimc  livid;  ciiiidnl 
jjniyiHli,  faintly  baiuli'd  with  olhy,  it«  iippuruiid  lowtir  ciIkcs  brtfj;bt  blue ; 
unal  tl<*ali  ciilor,  ed^oil  »illi  li){lit  hliie,  Vi-ntniU  jL;n«iU8li-bliif<,  r:»ilili<;  on 
liutt  lays;  pectorals  lirHb  rolor;  axil  li^ht  Miir.  CoIdi  in  spirits,  ^rrenisli 
olivi!  iibOM',  pub-  b&low;  dorxnl  tliiMky;  caudal  and  anal  grayish;  liiiH 
utbiTwiMe  pale. 

Lar^o  exaiiiplen  I'ruin  Jamaica  hiivo  tlu^  following  colors: 
Boily  ultaniui'ini'  l)liti>;  lina  bhii',  dorsal  <-dgi<(l  with  dark<-i'  bliio,  llio 
iiieiiibrune  of  Mpinoiia  ilorHaf  blackish  at  baai';  itNky-bltiu  band  from  e\i'  to 
and  acrosH  (lacli  lip;  a  pain  bund  kob>w  it  mi  iiiidvr  lip,  a  narrow  pa]i< 
6<lf;iiit;  abovtc  jicctural  with  banc  and  iippi>r  ray  Uhic,  rcrtt  of  tisi  pali-; 
anal  deep  blue,  blarkiMb  at  bast";  vi-ntralu  bhif,  the  b-wt  rays  pab-r; 
caudal  di-ep  btiie,  the  outer  rayH  darker,  posterior  edge  pale;  ti-cth  pale. 
SperiumnH  about  f!  imhet*  ton;;  have  thu  back  yellow,  MCales  on  8id<'»  yrl- 
Inw  with  Kret""  ""dues;  brlly  nearly  iiiitt'orm  griii'iiish;  onliT  rays  ofcaiuliil 
iluep  (jret'Ti,  middlo  rays  pali-r;  dorsal  yellow,  rdyud  with  yri'un ;  anal 
pale  yidlowisli,  edni-it  with  green;  pectorala  nearly  eolorleas,  slightly 
orange  at  tiji;  ventralH  gro<'nJ!ili. 

Length  of  oNnmple  described  from  llavaua,  10^  incho-n.  The  npeeios 
reaidies  a  length  of  2  or  X  feet.  "Went  Indies;  goaorally  loiiiiiiou  ;  ntraying 
northward  along  the  coast  of  the  I'liited  States;  taken  in  abundance  in 
pound  nets  olf  St.  lieorge  IsEaud,  Marylauil,  about  12  iiiib-a  frmii  Chesa- 
peake Hay,  in  August,  18i>4,  soiiu'  Npociinens  weighing  12  poumls  (Dr. 
Hugh  M.  Smith.)*  Abundant  about  Key  West  auil  ia  the  IterinudaM.  In 
the  adult  {obtu»ii»\  a  great  Ittrshy  hump  ia  devoluiied  on  the  forehead  and 
the  lobed  of  the  caudal  become  iiiiiib  prudiii'ed  as  in  l'«eudoisvayua  <jau- 
ctt»ia.     {rirruleut,  blue.) 

^oraci(<a<:'r>'u<<'a<thuItlu«flHli).('ATicaiir,  Nut.Him.  Curolinit, etc.,  18, pi.  18,  IT43, BahmniBS. 
Loru,  Pakua,  WmcT.  Dif.  I'iu»u«  Uliit.  Nut.,  57,  |.l.  27,  flg.  J,  1787,  Cuba. 
Tromfia,  I'arba,  t.  e.,  Hg.  2. 

Vorypkitna  enruUa,  U|,04-||,  AaHlan(liiM.'l»<    fiaclir,  II,  VS).   pi.  170,  1780,  in  iMirt;    hTUt 
Catbouv  unit  8  figure  uf  Actbhiet,  iilUtrfd  fruiu  a  Agiiro  by  I'l.naiiER. 


*  Dr.  Smith  wrileiias  fulluwH  nndorriule  or  Ootubor  13,  1AD4:  "I  lun  uow  ablo  to  fiimiah 
Home  a'iilitlonal  dnU  od  tho  jinrruC  Itnli.  I  liavo  intwrvinwwl  2  uvntlKincii  wlin  wiw  tlio 
IIrIi  wIjpu  llTKi  ijiliQd,  aad  now  prenenl  tlioir  rteg«ri|ili«u  uf  ttm  colurn :  The  Imck  wks  very 
dark  }/r«cniHli  bltif^,  which  color  extended  IrnTi]  t.ht^  iiiij^r  part  oT  tho  beak  lu  llto  buno  of 
the  tul ;  MiiH  hIiiuIimI  oU  on  the  iiid«Ji  uf  tliu  Inxly  tu  n  liglit  liliio;  tlin  iindrr  pnrt*,  includ- 
ing llie  iiiamlililo,  WTi'  whitv;  llio  tint  wire  vcrv  dark  tjn-en  i>r  hlno.  ntmoat  lil«rk ;  Iheac 
cafarH  B|>|>ly  ti>  a  sin'eiiiieu  neiffhtii);  K  iHiiindit,  Yliiiikiiii>  tb.it  il  (hiMO  fi;<Ii  were  fniiiid  in 
th» Fotaiuuo  Kivf r  tiny  wmild alto pnitiabl v  l»e  tJiken  in  Int?  t'liBiujiijiki',  I  wnito  le  n  wrll- 
infonndd  flshormnn  unil  Hqh  dwiliT  nt  t'npe  O'liarlf.'i  <'ity,  Virginia,  lucluxiiiK  u  llgure  of  a 
piUTot'tliih  uod  luikinK  wiii>tli«r  auy  li^id  Ix'en  caught  Ihm  yeiir  Hcrojilied  that  A  low  lUh 
raMtnhlini;  th*  dgntc  and  my  deKcripliuti  wero  obtAinMl  ia  poniul  neta  iK^tweeo  Cn)* 
ChftrleM  itnd  Hiinaera  ('r«ek  in  .\ngiist  itod  !j«pt«inber.  lie  Icnrotid  of  0  to  10  of  Iheso 
'new'  flsb  taken  from  timu  to  tiuii>,  Buldum  luoni  thou  1  ut  u  lift.' 


1654         Bulletin  ^j.  United  States  National  Mtisatm. 


8«aru*  loro,  Blouh  &  Schnkidek,  Syatenia  Ichtbyol.,  288,  1801 ;  after  Liiro  of  Pabba. 

Searut  trUobattu,  LArftpfcUE,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  it,  21,  1803,  Martinique ;  on  a  drawinf:  by 
Plumieb. 

I  Searut  holoeyaneot,  LAC&i'toK,  Hist.  Kat.  Poiu.,  nr,  45,  1803,  Martinique ;  on  a  copy  by 
AuBBiET  of  a  drawing  of  Plumieb  ;  the  copy  ooloml  entirely  blue  in  order  to  repre- 
sent this  Hpecic8;  the  original  drawing;  probably  intended  for  Sparitoma  chrytop- 
Urvm;  the  nanie  copy  l>y  Aubrirt,  the  original  of  Bloch's  engraving  of  Seam* 
rceruietu. 

SearuM obttuu4.  Poet,  Memoriaa,  ii,  217,  1860,  Cuba;  adult. 

Seams  nttehalit,  Puby,  Monioriaa,  ii,  220,  1860,  Cuba ;  young. 

Pttudotearui  ehtorU,  GUntiibk,  Cat.,  iv,  227, 1862;  not  /Peanut  thlori*  Bux-h  &  Schhbidkb. 

Seanu  emruleut,  BuHiil  &  Schubwku,  Systenia  Ichtbyol.,  288,  1801 ;  after  Catksby,  and 
Trompaof  PabbA;  Cuviku  &  Valknoieknbs,  Hist.  Kat.  Poi&s.,  xiv,  180,  1839:  Job- 
dak  &  Swain,  Proc.  U.  S.  Xat.  Mus.  1884. 85 ;  Jobdan,  Proc-  V .  S  Nat.  Mu«.  1884,  137 . 
JOBOAN,  i.  e.,  1886,  48;  J0BU4.N,  Review  I.abroid  FisheH,  686,  1890. 

/>iira<Io(earu<  eamiUut,  GGntiieb,  Cat.,  IV,  227,  1862;  Gl'icrenot.  Scarid6s,  Mus.  Paris 
(Proo.SocImp.Nat.Clierbonrg),  1865,24;  IViKV,  Ilepertorio,  i,  373, 1867;  Poey,  S}itop- 
sis,  348.  1868;  GooDE,  Bull.  IT.  8.  Nat.  Mus.,  V,  S3,  1876. 

Pfeudotearnt  nuthalii,  PoBV,  Synopsis,  348;  Poet,  Rnumeratio,  117. 

PMeudoaeanu  obttutu,  Poey,  Synoitais,  34S;  Poey,  Knumeratio,  117 

S070.  SCAHUK  KMRI.KHATICIIS,  Jordan  &.  KutUtr. 

Head  3;  depth  3i;  oye  ii  in  head.  1).  IX,  10;  A.  Ill,  9;  scales  3-24-5. 
Dorsal  and  ventral  outlines  regularly  and  similarly  curved,  body  hiKhost 
over  pectorals ;  nostril  in  front  of  eye,  close  together,  very  small,  scarcely 
larger  than  some  of  the  nnmerons  pores  which  surround  the  oye,  the  an- 
terior round,  with  a  circular  marginal  valve,  tlie  posterior  oblong,  with  a 
valve  on  lower  side;  eye  H  in  snout,  low,  a  line  drawn  from  corner  of 
mouth  to  angle  of  opercle  passing  along  lower  edge  of  orbit;  jaws  project- 
ing, the  upper  without  canines;  cheek  with  ouly  2  rowH  of  scales;  origin 
of  dorsal  and  root  of  ]>ectoral  in  the  same  vertical,  which  is  anterior  to  tip 
of  opercle;  tips  of  last  dorsal  iiud  iinal  rays  reach  base  of  rudimentary 
caudal  rays;  caudal  truncate,  slightly  rounded  when  the  fin  is  spread. 
Hack  dusky  olive,  a  palo  yellowish  streak  from  upper  side  of  eye  to  upper 
base  of  caudal,  below  this  a  band  similar  in  color  to  the  buck  extendu 
from  eye  to  caudal,  sides  below  pale  with  an  indistinct  dusky  streak  from 
above  pectoral  to  caudal ;  a  horixoutal  green  stripe  from  ujjpcr  (iiid  of  gill 
opening  forward  Ihrough  upper  edge  of  oye  and  .across  top  of  snout; 
another  parallel  with  this  from  gill  opening  through  lower  edge  of  eye 
and  around  upper  lip ;  lower  lip  white,  edged  with  green,  !i  green  band 
across  chin,  and  a  pair  of  indistinct  green  blotches  on  throat;  brea.st 
washed  with  green;  base  and  edge  of  dorsal  and  anal  green,  a  broiid 
white  stripe  through  the  middle  of  each;  upper  and  lower  rays  of  caudal 
white,  tipped  with  orange,  edged  on  e;ich  side  with  green,  the  middle  rays 
pale  dusky  green,  paler  at  base;  pectorals  and  ventrals  white,  the  former 
not  dusky  at  base;  teeth  white.  Thin  species  is  most  nearly  related  to 
Scania  caTiiUitg,  but  differing  decidc^dly  in  the  (;<dor  markings.  The  above 
description  is  based  on  .a  siugle  specimen  6  inches  long,  .lamaica;  only 
the  type  known.     (ijifiX^fiuxriHoc,  banner-like.) 

Sranit  emblnnatictit,  JoiUiAN  A-.  ItuiTEii,  Fislii's  iu  Jiuiiuicii,  iu  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Soi.  Phila. 
1897, 122,  Jamaica.     (Type  In  L.  8.  Jr.  Univ.  Mus.    Coll.  J.  S.  Koberts.) 


Jordan  and  Evcnnann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     ir»55 
650.  PSEUDOSCARUS,  Bleeker. 

(GUACAMAIAS. ) 

t'leiutotcutiu,  Iti.EKKEK,  Viinil.  Akiul.  W«t.  Airmterdani,  Scaruiilca,  xii,  lani,  3  {inUror- 

rhinoir) . " 
Loro,  JOBDAM  &  K\'B8MAN!(,  Checlc-Lllt  Fiatioi,  418, 1896  {guaeainaia). 

This  ^enns  dilfei>  from  Srarnn.  tm  here  iindertitooil,  chiefly  iu  tho  deep 

;jr*on  or  l)liio  ciilDr  of  ilH  hi}j]i1jr  ciiodified  Jnwsanil  tflCtli.     Tlir  Hpeoiivt  are 
mostly  of  liirge  ai;to  and  robiiitt  form,     (if'ev^iff,  false;  <jxii/ju;,  <Soaru«.) 

rmDDOgCAIirS: 
a.  I'ppur  Jaw  «ltli  CMiii]i<fi;  caudal    tin  witli   an^Ipa  much  ciserled,  espociolly  in  tlie 
adult;  Aoft  diirAul  nnd  niial  pniliiij:;  in  [KiiiilH;  '2|  rown  ofcH^aWH  on  chot^k. 
b.  Upper  jaw  UHimlly  wilti  1  |K<i<U'ri>ir  oaniiie.    Culur  liriKlit  blue,  thi<  cdgt-n  uf  tlu' 
miali>>i1>ra<riiiitli:  dri^  dark  liniHit,  wilb  Kreen  upon  tb«  oxtornn)  liiirdvr  of 
llxt  Ti'ulniU,  wliicli  are  l«ug  and  polutcMli  fon-head  with  a  tiealiy  hump  in 
tli<-  adult. 
«.  Tuliea  af  thn  lateral  ]tn<4  conaidorably  braoob«d.  iTKUtsTmue,  2071. 

ec.  Tultpa  iil'tbt  lati>r!il  linn  not  branrbp<{.  itlsiFLBX,  2072. 

bb.  Cpperjaw  with  from  Tl  to  6  ]M(rtt<Ti*ir  cnuineH;  jawM  very  convex.  Color  grern 
uudiT  p>"  iurul,  uud  ul<iu>!  tbi>  «i>loand  |>ustvrior  part  uf  the  l>ody',  head, 
■nterior  mid  uppor  fini't  <>r  the  lia«k.  and  b<dly  Kmyiali  yiiUuw;  dorsal  and 
niiul  liiowii,  K|ioftiMl  Hith  green  along  Ihuir  baAea;  i>«otorala  and  venirala 
tlnlcxl  with  greru;  <  a udal  grayiah  y elluw .     Size  large.  PLBIAHUa,  2073. 

LwBO  (torn,  parrot) . 
Ml.  Dppnr.lnw  nitbnut  ponU-rior  <.-anln«8;  tMitli  dcup  Mnn  green.     Size  largo. 

d.  Caudal  deeply  uololied,  the  angle*  much  prndui-eil  in  the  adult  (the  Hn  tmn- 
cftttior  rounded  In  fheyonng):  body  iiiofleratvly  ftongalo;  depth  2|  M  3  iu 
lougtti;  otiHek  Willi  2i  i-DWM  uf  acalvx,  thuae  of  tlie  upper  rciw  Utrgur  than 
tboao  of  tiio  fs&eoud,  1  *(*alM  Iwtnw  tfie  MH'^jnd  ritw.  t.rolor  *tlive  green, 
vitli  more  or  Iomh  ill-d.e1iu«Ml  gre«-n  iiiarkingrt  on  head ,-  |g»wer  p.irlM  more  or 
leu  neddiafa;  vertical  Hn«  bmivuiuli  oraui;e,  all  fdi;ed  wflli  di'op  bhu'. 

(Jl-ACAM.^tA,  21)74. 
d4.  Caudal  rotrndc^d,  tbi*  anglea  nitt<  prodiii'ed:  1mm1\  robnal:,  the  ile]ith  Iu  ailalt  Vt 
In  length:  ebrr.k  with  '2  rows  of  Koalia.  the  lower  uf  4,  the  upjn-r  of  & 
aoalea:  lower  limb  of  pre<*|iercle  wliully  uakcMl  Color  light,  bruwniali. 
with  aoUK'  gri-enigli  nhnding  on  sidei« and  bluiah  green  on  eawlul  (H'dunele ; 
tiiiH  all  liriiflit  bine;  Mnout  uud  forelii>a(l  bluirth;  urbila  Kiirrouuded  by 
radiating  dula  nud  daahea  of  grown.  reamvo.  2075. 


Subgenus  PSEUDOSCARUS. 
SO:i.     PSEl'OOSCAKUS  CWLKNTIMK  (Cuvicr  ^t  Vnlenckunca). 

(LOBfl.J 

Jaws  l.irge,  their  edgt^s  marktsil  with  strong  donlifnlatinna,  upper  jaw 
Idaeon  its  edjn©  only,  1iiw»t  almost  outircdy  liliie;  iippor  jaw  usually  wifli 
1  po»t«rior  ciiniae;  utiuditl  Qu  with  ADglos  mutb  uxHBrt(;(t,  e6]ieL-ijiUy  in  the 
ndult;  soft  dorsal  and  i^tial  oiidiii)^  iu  points;  2i  row.s  of  srales  on  elieok  ; 
tiibt^s  of  tho  lateral  line  very  luucli  brauclied.  <'olor  bright  blue,  the 
edges  of  tho  acoloa  browiuah;  tins  dark  brovm,  with  grtseu  upon  the 


•  IWiidoicartit  tnierorrhinot,  Ihi-  (trst  sl^tlea  mtxitlotl'H]  liy  Hleefeor  under  Paeiirfofcorun, 
luuat,  iu  uooordanre  with  Ulveker's  ouxloni,  be  regarded  as  the  type  uf  tbe  genua. 


1650  Bulletin  fj.  Untied  Stales  National  Afitseum. 


exttirnal  liordur  of  the  ventrals,  wliioL  iiro  long  :iii<l  i><>int(Ml ;  forehvatl 
with  SI  tli'sliy  liiimj)  in  IIih  adult.  Wrst  IiuMi'm;  jirolnilily  lutt.  rare,  reach- 
ing a  liirgo  si  ;r<t;  recorileil  Ity  Tui'v  frmii  Ilitvaii;!,  and  from  .SI.  Tlioniiui  by 
Pli'^e;  known  to  us<)ti!,v  froiii  tliu  fxuiiuniition  uf  the  ori^iniil  typi-,  a  dried 
akin  in  tho  tuuHouiu  »t  i'aris.     (ourltmliHtu,  heuveuly  (blue).) 

Searut  eirUitiniu,'  C'ctriEB  tc  V alkkcikk.nilh,  Hint.  NhI.  Poiaii.,  xiv,  ItMl,  \K3a,  Si.  Thoma* ; 

JoRi>AN.  I'rtx-.  V.  S.  Ntt.  Mua.  ItWO,  M3  (note  un  originAl  t^pv):    Johdah,   Kevicw 

Lahruid  FUheo.  S87,  ISM. 
i'lmdoteanu  ealtitiHu$.  Gciciichot,  .S<iariil^a,  23,  ISSG  (uolo  on  tyi>ei :  Four,  SynopiUa, 

3<0,  1808;  PoEY,  Rnaniinitiu.  118.  1875. 


I 


mm.    p.>iKriioMt:«Ri!s  .martEx,  i-my. 

BuDitt  pointed;  Jawo  large,  bine,  with  cuiiraii  oreutilutiMns;  tulies  of 
tlie>  litUiral  Ikii*  vithoiit  brancbus.  Cotiir  i>iitiri<1y  blue.  lAMijrtb  'A  I'tx-t. 
C'ubB,  (I'ocy);  n»f  seen  by  um;  Apj^nrcntly  ditTi-ring  from  I'neudoiicarm 
ci(r{««HiiH«  only  in  the  simple  tubes  of  the  lateiid  line.     (timpUr,  simple.) 

I'Mtidvttarvt  «im/jtrx,  PiiKT.  Rt<p«rturio,  I,  185.  IMIT,  Havana;  IViKV.  Synojiaia,  348. 18118; 

I'oKY.  KnumeraUo,  118,  1875. 
Starut  iimphx.JifliVJtli,  KcvIkw  l<«1jruUl  FlahM,  Mi,  l(i»o. 


{t07S.     PSEI  DUKIABI'N  PLKUXrH  (I'<x\v>. 

Uody  oblong  oval;  jaws  large,  very  conrox,  tho  oreinilatinDs  large  and 
round;  upper  part  of  (lui  juws  blue;  upper  jiiw  with  from  :t  to  li  jinslerior 
cituitieH  (Jt  on  <nie  side  in  type,  5  or  C  on  thi^  other);  clioek  with  12^  rowa 
of  scales.  Color  red,  sluided  with  bine  and  green;  green  under  pectoral, 
and  along  the  aiJo  and  posti-rior  part  of  the  body;  huad,  anterior  and 
ii]»por  pari-  of  tlie  back,  and  belly  grayish  yellow;  dorsal  ai]d  iioal  brown, 
apolti-d  with  green  ali^itg  their  bascn;  pectorals  and  ventrals  tiiit(<d  with 
green;  oanditl  gi'iiyinl)  yellow,  Sixe  large.  St.  Thomaa.  Only  the  tyi>e, 
a  very  largo  dried  ukin,  known  ;  not  ween  by  us.  It  is  evident  that  SiMrita 
ffvacamaia  Cnviei  A  Viileutienni'S,  the  •'  Onuid  Scare  aux  niuchioreg  blcnn," 
with  '.i  to  6  posterior  eimtnes,  can  not  be  the  original  Srariia  guacittnaia  of 
Cuvior,  wbieli  has  no  eanitios  at  all.  Xo  writer  ha»  ei.!iaiiiiBd  any  other 
specimens  referable  to  the  iiHtfamnin  of  Valenrienui'H.  but  I'oey  has  given 
to  these  descriptions  the  u.iuje  Scnruii  pleianu$,  wlii^h  the  NpecioM  must  keep 
if  it  bo  really  valid.  (Named  for  M.  I'lce,  who  collected  for  Cuvier  iu  the 
Wext  Indies. } 
Searut  j/uaeanuiiu,  CinriBB  &  VALKBcriKXNES,  Hist.  N'at  Pois«.,  xi v,  179. 1830,  St.  Thomaa. 

(<*oll.  rit*.> 
PteuHrM!ar>n  ffunenmaia,  ODlcHKfcrr,  SoaiMAa,  31,  lS<tS  (nut«  oo  type);  not  Stwrut  yMO- 

camaiti,  Cvwkh. 
Searwt  jitrinnui,  I'uBV,  Mcniorius.  n. 393,  1841.  St,  Thomas;  liaMid  on  Hfamti 

Ci'ViBa  i  Valkhcijwsbh  ;  JouiLi-t,  Itcvlcw  liiibroiil  Kiahi's,  S87,  ISVtt. 


•WehaTotlie  following  note  on  the  ty))«  cf  Startu  crUjitinHt:  "A  largo  hIuITmI  skin. 
O.U  IU.  lon^,  from  M.  TUoiuat.  (Pl<i«.)  °  Color  now  [>Iiiln  ilnitky  (perhap*  blue  iu  life); 
tartli  uppan-Dlly  dark  (rrctii ;  rur^lii'ad  fat;  n  hIuuIo  cniiiiio  un  rient  aide  "f  'ip|>er  jaw. 
nonet  oil  li'fl ,  cheok  wlili  3^  riiwn  of  HriiU'n:  7  aculi-H  Ix'furi.-  dormil;  ruiidol  n>niid<-d,  but 
Willi  (ho  outer  ruyit  mucli  phkIiicmI,  alHint  ^  tbnir  leii^tJt  IhtIok  oxaerU^ ;  of\l  tlut  laat  raya 
of  doraai  and  nnal  Hiiiiilarly  prolonged  iuto  ii  iioint;  votitriua  long,  polDted;  rortn  ratbor 
robust ,  bond  3) ;  depth  3^.'' 


. 


Subgenus  LORO,  Jonlitu  Si.  Kvonnimn. 
SOU.  rKKUUORCABrS  flOiCAXilA  (Carier). 


(Cl'AeAXJllA;  (iUEKN   PAUKOT  Kl:)!!.) 

Head  A  to  ;{|  in  IrngtU  to  base  uf  candiil;  dejith  2}  to  31;  eyo  small,  6 
iu  heacl;  anoiit,  uut  vvry  <>1>tim(',  3it  in  houl.  I).  IX,  10;  A.  II,  1);  scalea 
-j-2-l-fi.  Hody  iinxlcratcly  olmigiite;  no  r:iuine  teeth;  upper  lip  eovoriug 
iiioru  tliati  i  of  Nurlace  of  nppir  jinv.  Cheek  with  2  rows  of  scales  of  5  nr 
6  in  euvh  row,  tliuse  of  lliu  i)]>)>er  row  ueurly  twice  aa  broud  an  thosx  of 
tbo  lower  j  a  single  isciilr  below  tbu  lower  low ;  6  or  7  Sfiib-s  on  tiifdiiui  lino 
bi^foro  dorsal.  I'Bctorals  reacbinjj  just  jtast  tips  of  vrtitriils;  origin  of 
ventrtil  apine  below  the  middle  of  pectoral  base;  raadnl  rounded  when 
Hpreiid  open,  it8  augl««  Bligktly  jiroduccd,  its  outer  rays  (hi  spocinii'ns  8 
lucbort  long)  i  in  heoiL  In  adults  the  outer  raya  are  longer  in  proportion, 
aud  in  very  obi  oxarapleB,  none  of  which  hjia  been  seen  by  iis,  they  are 
said  to  I>e  prcatly  produced.  Color  in  life,  of  BpecinieiiH  of  niodcnite  wi/e, 
olivfl  green,  ofu'h  srale  edged  with  t-leiir  brown,  ith  middle,  especially 
above,  brijjUt  verdigris  green;  aides  of  bead  bntwiiinh  gray  ;  belly  wLiti\ 
tinged  with  brown;  a  bright  grcc-u  stripe  from  rye  nroiuid  anoiit,  another 
from  eye  to  eye  above,  another  niidnlatiiig  stripe  below  ey<' ;  several  green 
spots  and  dashes  In-hind  eye;  upper  lip  reddish;  jaws  dfi-p  bluish  green, 
thu  color  not  fading  in  spirits;  teeth  dorp  greenish  blue;  vortical  fins  iill 
brownish  red,  verging  on  orange  above,  their  edges,  including  sidi^s  and 
tips  of  eaudul,  ail  bright  greenish  blue;  ventru)  flesh  color,  tinged  with 
orange,  its  anterior  edge  grwnisli  blue;  poetoral  very  pnii'  redili-b,  the 
Hrst  and  last  rays  light  blue;  a  greenish  dot  at  the  base  of  each  uicmbrane 
of  dorsal  and  una!;  axil  reddish.  Older  individuals  similar  iu  color,  but 
with  the  head  roun*  pinkish  aud  its  markings  inorct  difl'iise.  In  spirits,  the 
green  stripes  ami  spots  on  head  becotni'  fainter  and  the  red  of  itjiper  lip 
and  axil  and  the  orange  of  liiis  (ado.  Length  of  tho  example  here  described 
from  Key  West.  7i  iuches.  'i'lio  speeies  reaches  a  length  of  2  or  3  feet. 
West  Indies,  north  to  the  Florida  Keys,  son  lb  to  Hio  do  .hini-iro;  every- 
where common.  This  species  is  abundant  about  rocks  at  Key  West,  and 
is  also  not  niiL-omiuou  in  the  llavnnn  market,  whiTtt  it  is  known  still  as 
(hiacamiiui.  Otir  tisb  is  eertninly  the  fiiiiicninaia  of  I'arra,  on  wbieh,  as  the 
printed  record  eliows,  the  Scnnu  r/Hncdwioia  of  Covii-r  was  liaaed.  The 
speeimen  in  Cnvier's  possession,  afterwards  dcsrribod  by  Valenciennes 
under  the  name  .Scarug  ijiiacnmaiii,  has  eauines  iu  the  upper  jaw,  and  must 
belong  ti>  a  di.><tinet  aud  (to  us)  uuknovru  speeies,  to  which  I'oey  has  given 
the  name  Scarnt  plrianuf.  We  have  seen  no  speeimeus  a  yard  iu  length, 
as  mentioned  by  Parra,  nor  have  we  seen  any  with  the  caudal  lobes  pro- 
longed to  tbo  extent  shown  In  bis  figures.  None  uf  imr  s])ccimens,  young 
or  old,  show  traces  of  fiiniiifs.  We  have  examined  the  typo  of  Searnii 
tureketiut*  in  I'aris.     It  seems  to  be  the  eame  as  J'lrudoncantt  gmivamaia. 


'  The  typoof  Searuji  turchrnui  in  (htiH  dosurJbctl  by  Qiiichoiiut:  "  Form  of  i'jrwJoiirarti* 
calettiniu:  Jaws  finely  rrennlnte  on  tb<i  crl^o.  otiicrwiite  ^rawith:  no  pontorjor  rAiijnc«: 
2  roiraof  scaieson  cheokii;  eaiidat  rounili^l,  its  iiD^IrH  litllc  inxKlticml.  Color  dark  cnwii, 
paler  oa  airlo^,  roHy  beluw;  givx^u  aruua  on  menibronvH  of  tluraal,  of  which  theeugo  1a 

3030 27 


J 


lOfiS         BuIUHh  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


Poc.v's  Srani'  ro'lrnlux'  uecnig  ti>  In-  hnsfd  im  young  cxaniplcg  with  rather 
sharper  8110 lit  tli.-tii  tiHTial.  (tiuacamaia,  S^pauiah  nainr  of  u  \ATg*^  pftmit 
with  rwy  thick  jawe.) 

Biutenmaia,  Pakka,  UD«rr.  DIT.  ViisKan  Hint.  N*at  ,  )>.  ^4,  pl.tW,  17S7,  Cuba, 

SeaniA  .iiiafaimiia,  I'rviKR.  K<';;iii>  Anidial.  K<1.  il,  Vul.  1,'Xi,  1820;  iiu dracrlption :  iMmxlaii 

I'ARKA;  not  Kcanu  gvatamaia,  Cv\ir.a  A-  yxLHSciKSXta— Saarut  pUiantu,  I'orT: 

.ToBfiAK  in  OlLBKBT.  SyDopsis,  IKIS,  1883;  Ukax,  IlulL  I'.S.  Fiah  Com.  1888,  IWg. 
ttearut  turchctiiu,  CuYiKK  &.  Valkni-irnnkh,  ItiHt..  Nal.  I'oUm.,  xiv,  181, 18:19,  Porto  Ric": 

GmcnENOT,  St'oriilrK,  23,  IHflS  fnoUt  nn  ty]io):  JORDAN,  Proo.  D.  S.  M»t>  Hiu.  IHSS,  Ua ; 

DuU<  on  original  typ«. 
Searu*  rotlraiut,  PuKr,  Moniorias,  II,  221, 1800,  Havana. 

Pniitdn'Canig  roftratu;  I'tiKV.  .Synojwln,  349,  IHflS ;  PtiKV,  Koiiucratio,  118, 18TS. 
I'teuilofrann  Itirehtmut,  I'OKV,  Repcrtorio  I,  317,  1861;  I'oky,  Synnp«i«.  MS,  1868;  Po«T, 

Fauna  Piiyrto  nii|ni-riis  3,17. 187.'i. 
I'ltudosrarus iriiaeamaia,  CiOVTllKH,  C»t.,iv,233:  VoKV,  Synopsin, 348, 4S1, 1868. 
IltmUtiima  gHiitamaia,  Job[)an  .V  GluilRT,  Syni)paiH,  607, 1H83. 
IkarMt  <jxiacam«ia,  JoHDAir  &  Swain,  t'r«c.  t'.  S.  Nat.  Miia.  1884,  84;  JonOAX,  Lc,  137; 

JuKiiA-N.  Prac  IT.  &  Nat.  Mua.  1888,48;  Jobuam,  Ilsvivw  I^liraiil  Fialiee,  688,  leWI. 


inth.  I'KKl'DONI-AKI  N  PKKKtCO  (Jonliin  A.  Uillmrl). 
(PKKIUPii.) 

Heiwl  3  iti  lenjtth ;  depth  21 .  1).  IX,  10 ;  A.  11,  9 ;  Rcalea  l'».  Itody  roliust, 
dr)>p,-roiiipreeNoil ;  tt»p  of  hi-nl  with  a  V.xt^i-  adipnae  hump.  \o  pninted 
t«i!th  at  uiikK"  »if  utuuth;  iijiper  lip  covering  abinit  1  the  surfure  of  the 
upper  tli'utary  phktu;  lower  lip  raveriiij;  Uoms  only  oi'  luwcr  dcnlary  pl:>t<>. 
Cheek  with  2  r'lWK  of  scalies,  the  l<iw<'r  nf  \,  the  upper  f>f  5;  lower  lirah 
of  prodpercii'  wlinlly  iisiked.  Citidal  (iu  »oiiicwh;it  rounded,  itH  labe« 
U(»t  producfd;  pectoral  liu  J  leiiju;tli  nT  hyiid,  reitcliiiifr  to  tips  nf  voatraU; 
voiitrjila  in»crti-d  undur  front  of  pi'cttmil».  Colofiitioii  in  life,  light 
brotvuiKh,  with  Home  greeuisli  Mliiidjiifpi  on  Hides  nod  litiii«h  green  on 
cimtliil  peduncle;  Diis:t1l  bright  liliie:  fliiout  and  forebuivd  blui.sb;  orbits 
Hitrroiimli'd  by  nidtiitiufr  dots  and  iliiHlies  of  greoii ;  teeth  jfreeD,  In 
Kpirita,  u  yollowiah  arcii  below  and  in  front  of  I'yo;  iijipfT  edge  of  donal 
and  lower  edgea  "f  nnHl.ii.  an  ill,  and  veutralK  yellowiBb,  a«  is  tUo  lower 
Hi(U>  of  the  head.  Pacilic  i-ojist  of  Mexico;  kiiowrt  frtmi  Maxntlnn,  L» 
Pivz,  iiiid  the  Veiindiw*  iHiaiidn.  A  htrge  wpeeie.-*  oomnion  in  the  rockH  iiboiit 
Ma/.atlaii.  It  ik  Heldoni  cnnght,  nnd  'w  not  eiiten.  The  type  here  duscrilted 
is  U^  inches  in  lonfjtli.  It  in  renujrkalda  that  thisflin|;U?  itpurieM  and  C»li>- 
tomun  xetwiUm  are  the  only  Scaroid  llHhes  ynt  described  from  the  eiiHtem 
Ptkcifio.     (jwrri«0,  •  Bpftniah  word  fur  parrot). 


dark  pwen  or  Mnr,  an  in  that  of  nnnl  nnil  Hint  of  rnuilal  iK'twn'ii  lh<<  polntji^  peetoralu 
njld  TDntralii  yellow,  tliv  lutt<'r  liugid  with  i;ri>oii  tnHunl  IIh'  i-ilKeii.  Ty|a>,  »  drietl  akiu, 
not  fully  grown,  from  IVrti*  Itiro." 

Ou  the  aauii-  airechut'ti  (.'xauiintil  hy  iis  in  Parin  we  liuvo  tli<>  fdllowini?  note:  "Startit 
turthtiiut.  (Ciiv.  A  Viil..ilv.l81  )  a' ilricci  •kin.  0.4i)  iii.  lonj;-  Truru  IVrlo  Iticu.  (Pl«<.) 
Color  railed  to  a  plain  biniwn,  iiiiter  Ihiin  in  ,N'.  ratlritinvii ,  no  chiiIik^m.  F(>r(*head  not  vrrj 
fleaby  (yenntfi;  tnuibd  willi  lis  IiiIhjd  exmrled  fori  to  J  ihuir  luuglh ;  duri*!.  tiniil,  and 
rentnilji  lemt  jtrotluced  than  in  tliB  i^yi'tyf  S^a-ntn  eo-ldtUnua;  {ii'alce  uu  clieok  intTrown; 
head  Sf  iii  lenetli :  it>'p<l>  3i  :  tenth  fniVil.  Iiiil  Htill  pttrtiv  creeD." 

•  Poey  deAcriben  Vtrudtiatarus  nttfrntux  na  lirowni«li  Itliit*.  with  ultramarine  bine  on  lb« 
head  and  tnar^na  oT  donuil.  nnni,  mid  a  rntral  -,  teeth  lilue,  ni^e  ruUier  amnil.  Aemrdinc 
to  him  I'lfudvuearut  turelitnut  diflcm  fraiu  /'.  rotiratiu  in  baviu;;  the  Jawa  loia  ti'rrainal 
and  tlip  head  iiniforoily  rolorud;  poat«riur  part  of  cnitdnl  bordered  with  blue,  oa  ia  liie 
dumal  and  anal. 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1659 


Aiaruf  iMrrieo,  .Iordan  &  GilJtKRT,  fror.  H.  S.  Nat.  Miiii.  1881,357,  MautUa  (Type,  Mo. 

ansa.     C<>1L  C.  H.  Clllmrl) ;  .InuiAir,  Kovlew  Lalinilil  FIhUwi.  S8«,  18S0. 
Searut  jtrrrico,  JouuA.N,  Fiahua  of  Siiialiia,  id  I*rw'.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  1085, 483. 

Gniiip  ZEOrDKA. 

This  group  containH  tli"  siiigln  iBiuily  Zndir.  It«  relatinnsIiijiR  iiro 
uncertain,  thr  .•iriiKitntP  iiiid  tho  jncrt'asril  niimlior  of  tlip  ventral  rnyH 
iuilicatiDg  n?tatioiiNtii|i  to  tlie  tUryiiiUr,  while  tli<*  jittnoliiiu'ut  of  the  poat- 
teiupural  tu  tbtf  bkiill  sug^tiHU  arUiiity  with  tlif  Tiuthidiitw. 

Family  CL.X II.  ZKIU.K. 


(TiiK  .Friiix   KnjtiKR, ) 

Body  nhiirt,  ilouji,  iniinli  ('(MiiproHHiil  anil  (ilttvnleil,  nakwl  or  covered 
witli  tlliiiiiUi  Hiiiootb  Hi-iiltss,  or  with  iiony  |>rntiili6raiu-.OH.  Month  liti^e, 
tenuiival,  th«i  upper  jaw  protrai-tile.  Teeth  Kraall,  in  narrow  l»an«iK  or 
singln'  series  on  th«  ,inwK  aikI  vomer  iind  Kiimetiuies  on  the  jialatiiioN. 
Ey<'»i  lutural,  placed  hii:h;  opendi'  iiinrh  reilincd;  syiiie  of  the  bou<m  of 
head  iihuully  with  ftpiinis;  ])riMi)i<'rclu<  not  NeiTttto.  I*o*-tuinponil  very 
firmly  afctaciied  to  tlic  wkiill;  lower  liiuli  ndnate  lor  it.i  wholo  length; 
tlio  diAtal  cn<l  only  nf  ilH  tipper  linili  Ik  attached,  'riio  Rupra-elavtcio 
wtiort  and  VriaiiKalar,  l>eat'iuu  a  Mhort  spiiio  near  it^  anterior  einj^lt?,  ita 
poateiior  cdj;e  divided  ititu  'A  spirri-.s,  2  «>r  3  of  wliieh  Htuiiil  out  al>ovi< 
the  Blirfaee  of  tlio  sliili,  Vi-ntri^l  ndy^o  oftini  Knir:»te,  with  strong  Ixiny 
plateK.  Lateral  Hue  well  developed,  coneitrreiit  with  the  hack.  Itraiichi- 
oste^^alH  7  or  H.  (iill  wpeiitn^H  widp,  the  itieiii!)raue.i  little  nutted,  free 
from  tho  iHtbniua.  i'mtudnhraiiehia- litrgi<.  Air  Hladdiir  targe,  (ill]  nikers 
iiHoally  Hhort;  gilla  l,  ti  slit  liehiod  the  fourth.  I>or»al  fiu  eioaruinnte  or 
divided,  Ihi)  anteritw  [lart  \\  Ith  HpiiieH,  which  tiro  often  Htriin);,  tlie  pos- 
terior ]iart  longer,  \X»  hij^hext  rayit  l*ehliid  the  middle;  floft  nitiil  entirely 
sitnihir  tn  Httl't  doiAal,  nHnully  precu^lud  by  1  to  4  HptiH?.-4  wliirh  are  not 
graduated  aod  wliiidi  often  form  a  Keparate  tin;  veiilral  Iioh  thoracjr, 
well  d<*vel<i])od,  their  ravM  iiBUiilly  I,  (t  to  1,  X;'  peetorals  tiiiiall;  enudal 
tin  ronn<led,  on  a  moderate  peduncle.  I.,ater.il  line  obscure,  luianiied. 
Pylorie  eaea  oxeeediugly  uiiinerous.  V'urU'hra-  ationt  3"!  (Xvux).  (ieuora 
8;  specisH  about  !.'>;  Imhefi  of  oin^riitar  appeitnitire,  iiihaliitinK  warm  hous, 
often  at  i'on»*iderubIe  dei»th.  The  species*  undergo  Kroat  ('hanKCH  in  the 
oonrso  of  developineiit.  The  ".lohn  Dory"  {/.nifi  J'ahir)  is  n  well-kiii>wu 
foott-lish  of  Hoiithfrn  Kiirope.  The  relullorm  of  this  family  are  uot  evi- 
dent, and  it  .should  form  a  distiuct  group  or  superfaiuily .  The  inereased 
number  of  ventral  rays  anil  the  armature  of  the  belly  MU{{j{e«t  relationship 
with  the  Herycolds;  the  adnate  post- temporal  8Ug(;esta  the  Clnetndouta. 
Not  having  any  better  arningemont  to  sng-ffUBt,  we  leave  the  Xriihr  iu 
associatiou  with  the  Chirtodniitidn;  rentoviii^  tbeui  from  the  neighborhood 
of  the  Scomliroid  forni.'*,  to  which  they  bear  only  the  moNtsuperliclal  reooni- 


•  Said  to  be  I,  6  iu  Ortotoma,  wliiob  may  iM  an  error  iu  ixtaiitlug. 


1660  Bulletin  4.7,  United  States  National  Museum. 

blance.       {HcomhriAiv,   j^ronp   Ciiltina,    (Situther,   Cat.,   11,   393-39B,    1860; 

Ci/Uidn:  aUuther,  Iiitr.  Study  Fish.,  4r.*.),  1H8I.) 

a.  Uoriutl  H|iiiK>«  vcr^-NlrnnK,  morvor  lesa  niiinii>ntnnK;  niia.1  H|im«x3or4.     Douy  Hpiiioua 
IilAt<>fl  iirt««-iit  itliiug  liuAen  itrvrrticnl  flit^  iirtd  l»etw4^ii  T^ntraU  auil  anul. 
h.  AduI  spini'it  ;i:  l>otli  ilurmili  with  strong  IxtDy  H^iiDoua  i>lat«a  *t  tia««;  rcntr*] 
rays  1,  &  or  I,  7.  ZsxorBls,  6$1. 

CVTTIN* : 
aa.  Soraal  apiUxH  l<>«  ;  ansl  Hpioim  1  or  li;  virticnl  pliit««  Uttin  <1«voln|ie<l. 

c.  Jlwly  u'illiaiit  larec  Uouy  iiIii(«m  or  waitK.  tlu>  ■kin  eorcn^d  willi  smjdl  iK;ale«; 

linitv  iiT  rlitruil  nm)  uival  witli  Imiiy  )iIiiIi-m.  Zenion,  052. 

cc.  B<j<l.v  willk  InrKO  couieal  buiiy  iirotiiburfliiccii,  'J  <iii  imib  sidD  or  llio  liiu'k  nnil 

uiaiiy  on  thu  bi«lly.  URCOaOUA.  S53. 

651.  ZENOPSIS,  Gill. 

y.rnoptit,  (ilU..  I'n«.  Ar.  Mnl.iroi.  I'hiln.  1882,  128  (ne6u<oni«). 

body  ovat«,  macli  compretuied,  without  Hcales,  ainl  without  warta  or 
hiiiiijitt  in  tliei  itdult.  liiud  i)t«i<])Gr  Ihtiit  \ati\i,  \\»  aiiturinr  prolili'  ftteep. 
Monti)  nithcr  li»r>:«,  iippur  jaw  protnictilo;  teetli  small  011  jiiwsi  and  vnruor, 
iinuo  nil  tlio  |iitlatiuc8.  Vnrioiis  l)oiic»  of  tbo  Lend  and  Nboiildor  girdle 
aniu'd  witJi  S|iiiiL'S.  Sffies  of  bony  plati's  alnij[f»  the  siden  nf  th«  lielly  and 
ihv  biuiPB  uf  both  dnrsiil  and  aiiat,  eiicli  plate  arniud  with  ;i  stinnj^  Hpin«i, 
Kye  L-irfj;tv,  pljircd  bifjh.  (Jill  rakers  itliurt.  Dorattl  »|>iti<>s  Very  strong 
nsnully  10  in  number,  ituiiiu  of  tlitun  lilnnicntoiiN;  annl  npines  3;  Toutrul 
tin?*  long,  tlio  rays  I,  li  or  I,  7.  f'audiil  peduncle  sleiidKr,  the  liii  uot 
forkud.  Tliroe  spucina  known,  dilTering  from  tho  Kiiropeun  geaua  ^«ui,* 
mainly  in  the  preseurc  of  H  anal  Hpiu<<.s  iiiHti-nd  of  4,  and  in  the  greater 
(Ic-vulopiueitt  of  the  Hpinnns  aniiutun-.  rolagic.  {^i)v,zcHn;  (V''?j  >ppe»r> 
:iuc<i.     /pi(»  is  from  '/.({<,  Jnj»itor.y 

S07«.    ZKVOPSIS  OIKLLATIIN  (SU»r«r). 

Head  2^;  depth  IJ.  I).  IX,  26;  A.  Ill,  '>\.  Wody  short,  deep,  rnm> 
presaed.  Skin  wholly  imkud,  except  for  tin-  Uttny  IniekUTS,  which  ;ire 
jriiK'd  I'af.li  with  a  fontral  sfiiuo  linokr-d  harkward  and  uiurk(<d  with 
nuliatiug  riiiges;  7  biirklurs  ulonj;  tin;  base  of  (bo  dorwil,  Iho  liftb  and 
sixth  Ittrj;c«t;  U  on  thu  niodiaii  llnu  iu  front  of  the  veutrali*,  the  soi'ond 
largoHt;  1  mediuii  plate,  6  pairii  betwi-oii  vi'ntral»  and  aiiul,  and  A  alonj:; 
the  base  of  tbo  anal.  To])  of  the  head  with  roiighiHli  rid^^rs,  but  witfaont 
Hpinert;  a  apilie  ut  Ihu  baav  of  unuli  dentary  bones  tho  broad  niuxillariea 
ouch  with  a  suppluuieutul  bone;  teeth  nearly  obsob-te.  Kyo  largi',  much 
imarrr  gill  opening  than  tip  of  Hnuiit.  (till  rakera  abort,  (.'uudal  ]ie<liin- 
clv  vnry  Blonder,  caudal  (in  abort  and  rounded;  pectorals  very  .short;  ven- 
trals  largi',  tbu  rays  I,  t>,  the  first  soft  ray  <h)aely  ai>i>re«8ed  to  tlin  Hpiiie; 
anal  spines  short  and  stout,  the  soft  rays,  like  thnjjo  uf  the  dorsal,  low; 
dorsal  spines  lilauientoits.    Color  silvery,  nearly  plain;  a  black  lateral 


*  Tlic  Knru{HHUi  genus,  7!rui,  oonfailning  the  oommon  'Muhn  Dory,"  Zruf  Jaher,  a  well- 
known  Tuud  flab  in  tbe  Modllerraneao,  baa  not  been  luiini)  in  Amoritaa  waters. 


b 


ocellatcd  spot  in  life,  dieappe.aring  in  spirits.  Pelagic;  1  Bpecimen  known, 
takeu  ofl'  I'roviucftown,  MosaacliuBetts.  DectcripCion  from  the  original 
type  in  the  masenm  of  the  Itofltou  Bociety  of  Naturiil  History.  {ocelUitu$, 
acc]lat4\) 

ZniM  oetllatM*,  Stoher,  Pidc  Boat  Sao.  Nnt.  Ulat,  vi,  IgSd,  3MI,  Provincetown,  on  Cape 

Cod. 
/enopHi  oeetlahu.  -T (tun an  &.  Gilbbkt,  Sjmopti*,  406,   1888;  Ooodk  &  Bban,  Ocwunic 

lohlli.,  221  with  plate.  IXUO. 

65a.  ZENION,  Jonlan  &  Kvermauu, 

Zfniait,  JOBCIAN  &  EVKHMANN,  riiook-LUt  FtlhiMi.  418,  lasn  (holnkpi4\. 

liody  compresBed  ivnd  elovnted,  covered  n-itli  very  BniAtt  scaK-B;  month 
protriictik".  DorBa!  Una  conlijfiiouB,  the  lirst  with  tJ  or  7  low  spiues;  a 
short  Bpinfi  heforu  the  miu) ;  lioiiy  pliiteo  present  aloiig  thu  bnaea  uf  the 
dorsiil  and  anni  flns.  As  in  Zeii»,  vtMitrJil  tins  coiupoBod  esieh  of  1  Hpino 
and  H'soft  rfvys,  not  depressible  in  a,  groove.  Very  iiiiuuto  teeth  in  tlie 
Jaw-s  (uid  on  tbo  vuiiier,  nonv  on  the  )lIlIaliIl■^  Iioiiob,  HrimcliioBtegalg  M. 
Deep  aeaa.  Tbu  Hiu^le  spoftos  deacrilietl  below  soeiiiH  to  be  the  typo  of  a 
distlurt  ^unuH,  diileriiig  fit)!)!  the  AustraJiaii  guiiiiB  Cyllait  in  the  absence 
nf  vuntiut  gro<)V(>  aiiit  iu  tbo  priiaeiice  of  bony  plates  iiloug  doraal  and 
aual.    (A  djmiuutive  uf  Ztu»,  C<t>s,  the  John  Dory.) 


S07:.  ZBMIIN  HOLar.RPIHlGood«&  Itean). 

Head  2J;  liopth  2i.  1).  VI  (►r  VII,  26;  A.  23;  V.  I,  «;  P.  16.  Kyo  very 
large,  4i  in  Imdy  or  nearly  2  in  head;  interorbitnt  width  3i.  Premaxil- 
latiea  prolnii-tilu  :iail,  when  drawn  out,  a  di'ep  horseshoe-shaped  groove 
la  exposed  lii't\ve«i;  tbo  oibitN;  premaxillary  '2  in  head  without  anout; 
maxillary  tbln,  broad,  oIiMibi*  at  the  cxtri>niiiy,  its  letigtli  eipmiiug  thitt 
of  Interorbitiil  area;  lenjjrth  of  mandibb;  nearly  i  that  of  head;  luoutb 
almost  vt-rtical  wbeu  t-losed.  Quadrate  bone  eQcling  poBteriorly  in  a 
broad,  nbtnse  spine,  and  with  sflverul  ridgt'M  with  niinnti^  tirri ;  tiupra- 
orbital  also  with  Hev<ira!  minutely  lirrated  ridge.s.  TeiJtli  in  jjiwh  indis- 
t in gtiiKhablo.  except  to  the  touch.  NostrilH  ]>laooil  clewe  to  front  of  eye 
Boiiiewbat  above  ItH  iiiidille,  the  jtosterior,  which  ia  jiim-h  the  larger,  a 
pesr-Bliap<Ml  nlit  about  3  tinie.t  aa  long  n»  anterior.  FBeudobntiiohia'  well 
developed;  II  or  IT)  very  Bmall  tam-colate  gill  rakers  below  tim  iingle. 
Oill  openings  very  wide,  the  nieniltrnni'B  very  deeply  idoft  and  only  nar- 
rowly jittmhed  to  the  isthiuna  in  front.  Uriinchiostogals  H,  Dorsal  .inil 
veutrul  origins  in  the  «anio  vortii-al;  distance  of  the  spiiiuiiB  dorsal  from 
nnuut  e(|ual)ng  greatest  height  "f  body  ;  stpinoiiH  dornal  of  tj  or  7  Mpine.s, 
the  first  of  wbicb  in  niiuute,  about  ^  a»  long  as  second,  which  is  as  long 
as  eye;  second  Hpiae  tiuely  serrated  in  Ihe  middle  of  its  anterior  margin 
and  dilateil  at  the  root  bo  as  to  partly  conceal  base  of  third  spine;  rays 
of  soft  domal  iucre:t.''ing  in  size  backward,  the  lirst  being  only  i  aa  long 
as  last,  which  is  about  i  as  lung  as  head,  the  longest  rays  abont  the 
ninetiwnth  to  the  twenty-fourth,  th<<8e  are  slightly  longBv  than  the 
last;  caudal  alinoat  truncate  or  very  slightly  rounded  when  expanded, 


1662         Bulletin  ^-j,  United  States  National  Museum, 


tlie  iiiidille  rays  nearly  iia  loug  as  eye;  vent  under  flftl)  ray  of  B«coud 
(loranl;  nual  origin  under  aixtli  ray;  atiai  raya  increttaiiig  in  sixe  liack- 
war<l,  tlie  lou;i;«Ht  nut  in<ir«  tlian  ]  ah  loiif;  as  tbose  of  ilorsal ;  ruya  of 
soft  dors  ill  aud  aii.il  all  Biuiiili'  :in<l  arti«-iilnt«d;  length  of  ventral  spine 
i  of  )>ody,  exteediuf;  t!i:it  of  tlie  lougOHt  Moft  ray;  ventral,  when  fully 
ex])an<)(»l,  Biilitriniigiilar,  iLo  B|>ii)o  minutely  Herrated  on  its  anterior 
in.'irgiii:  poctfinil  subcirculiir  wlioii  i-x])iiu<lc-d  and  composed  i-utir«-ly  of 
Hiinjrlc  iirticulal'ed  r.'iyis,  tlitj  lougc-st,  in  middle  of  ilii,  \  as  long  as  eye. 
Alioiit  iU  rows  of  aciklen  l>etvvoun  tbu  laLoiuI  line  and  lione  of  spinous  dor- 
Hii],  atid  about  liT  in  tatcnil  liiiu.  TlatuN  at  )i:iNe  uf  dorsal  and  aual  well 
devt'lopnd.  Leniitli  "A  to  '.\\  iucLes.  Th(^  type  Hpocliiien  was  taken  by  the 
.Whairas*  at  Station  UXiH  in  2:20  fntlioniN,  oft'  Yucatan;  -  other  apeciiueos, 
No.  ;{9297,  from  Alhatrotn  SUitiou  l.'65r>,  on  Little  Hah:inia  Hank,  in  338 
fathoms,     ((ioode  A:  Uean.)     (oAo;,  whole:  Axtt/j,  8<-aIe.) 

CVCm  holnUpit.  ^^t>ouv.  ii  Ukan,  Ooeanl.  Iclitbyology,  225,  iiga.  233.  233l^  and  Z33b,  188^ 
off  Yucaun  and  Little  Bahama  Bank.    (Tj-pe,  No.  382M.    Coll.  Albatren.}  , 

653.  OREOSOMA,  Cnvier  &  Valenciennea. 

Oreounna,  CmEii  A  VjkLKNriESNBs,  nist.  Not.  PoIbb.,  IV,  515,  1830  (atlanKmiTnl. 

Body  elevated  and  compressed,  sculelt's-s,  rough  or  warty,  and  provided 
with  several  liirge,  deridiuina,  oonicnl,  bony  protiilitMiirices  syuiuiatrically 
arriiiiged,  the  surfat'e  "resembling;  a  relief  map  of  a  volcauii;  country," 
about  I  of  thesn  on  tbn  baek  and  'H\  belnw ;  poRtorior  part  of  body  with- 
ntit  coneH;  no  bony  plates  at  husc  of  dorsal  and  una!.  ilea<l  without 
SLvrriitiiiiis;  a  small  born  above  ea<.'h  eyo;  ojierckv  i<m:il] ;  pri'0])crcln  with 
2  ridge.H.  Mouth  oblimif*^  tho  lownr  jaw  projecting.  Villiform  ttKith  on 
jaws,  \  oilier,  :iu(l  pabitines.  Dorxal  NpineH  I«jvv  and  Mxiall,  partially  bidden 
by  the  humps,  i^ult  dorsal  and  anal  similar,  rounded  ih  nutline.  Pec- 
toralH  Hhnrt,  rriiinded.  L'audai  rounded,  on  a  slender  piMlnude  under 
pfctorali*.  Voiitrals  *  well  dovelo|>ed,  thoracic.  One  speeiea,  aearcely 
known,  probably  hr>,louginf(  to  the  /.eidif  but  its  ndatiouship  unr«rtaill. 
Jt  may  very  jikidy  l><'  a  larva  of  the  8|)ecieB  called  V^tlopfU  rotrm  (Low«), 
or  of  some  other  s]  locie^  of  Ci/Uopsiii  or  of  Cyttya,    { ufjoi,  hill ;  datfia,  body.) 

i07H.  OHKOSONA  *TI.ArfTICriC,  Covler  Jt  ValoncU'iin™. 

Head  nearly  3;  depth  about  equal  to  length  of  body.  H.  7;  1).  V,  29; 
A.  2B;  V.  ],  fi;  C.  14.  I'rolilo  utraight,  nearly  horizontal;  tiioiith  nearly 
vertical;  t'«rehea<l  brond  between  •'yes,  above  caeh  of  whirb  is  a  amall 
<-onical  horn;  Kuborbitala  and  preoperele  eutiri';  operole  small;  tail  and 
region  hotwei^i  dorsal  and  anal  closely  compressed  and  iiuaraied;  trunk 
much  thicker,  with  '2  groat  couicul  warts  on  each  side  above,  and  about  a 
doKon  on  each  side  below,  1  on  the  median  lino;  those  dermal  roues  are 
reatlily  detached,  and  are  marked  by  concentric  rings  parallel  with  their 
base.    Spinous  dorsal  inconspicuona,  hidden  by  the  cones ;  pectorals  abort ; 


*  AvcordinK  l»  Cnvirr  A.-  Vnlcnrleouvs.  tin-  vcotrals  "oDt  lo  nomtiro  MCdilMire  du  I,  S." 
But  we  may  douUt  U  llilc  numtxir  !■  accurately  ooosted. 


Jordan  and  Eitrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1663 


Tentni]s  long;  middle  tk^  of  dnnial  and  anal  longest.  Color  grayish. 
Open  Atltiutic.  Known  Iroiii  a  single  Hpooimoii,  U  inrlioitloug.  (CnvierA, 
Vnlenoiennes.) 

OmmmtL  orionticum,  Crvm  &  VALENriEjrNGS,  Hint.  Kkt.  Poim.,  rv,  SIX,  1828,  open 
AtUntic :  GVhtHKB.  Cat.  FUhat,  I  3U,  aixl  it.  3M :  GiKips  i:  I1KA^.  <>o«uiio  Iclith..  228. 

Or*fi*»nHt  ctmiftrttin,  C't'viiiR  ii  VAt,KNCie}lNSS,  X.  e„  pi.  00;  •HUin  type:  k  Blip  arbluf;  trtitn 
itucorrocl^d  pruof  shevta. 

(Iroup  OAPROIDEA. 

A  grou]i  of  d'tnbtful  :>niuitie8,  contuinin;;  llic  ningle  fauilly  Cnpt'oUUv. 
It  liua  thi>  ventral  tina  normal,  the  poRt-tomponil  udnate  to  the  sknll,  and 
\»,  in  many  respects,  similar  to  the  Hijuamipinnnf. 


Family  CLXiri.  CAPROIDJE.* 
(THR  U<>aR-PI8I1KS.) 

Body  compressed  and  elevated,  covere<I  with  small,  ctenoid  scales;  sides 
of  head  Boaly;  preor1)itiil  and  pr(.<opercle  more  or  less  serratv  or  armed; 
opercle  small;  gills  iiorniikl;  gill  inomhranes  separate,  free  from  intlimus; 
top  of  head  bony;  proiuuxiliiirics  VL<ry  protractile,  the  posterior  procesit 
vpry  long ;  mouth  moderat*,  the  lower  jaw  projecting,  the  teeth  very 
ftiiiall;  lateral  line  not  extending  on  caudal;  dornnl  fin  long,  the  atont 
spiooa  separated  from  the  soft  rays  by  »  deep  notch ;  dorsal  spines  not 
gradiiat<'d;  aniil  fin  with  3  spiues  separated  by  a  notch  from  the  soft  rays, 
the  first  spine  longest;  soft  part  of  anal  as  lung  as  soft  dorsal ;  vcntralH 
I,  5,  the  spine  strong,  inserted  bolow  peetoral.-t;  eauilal  fin  roiimiud,  on 
a  moderate  peduncle.  I'pper  limb  of  the  post-tenipontl  widcneil  at  its 
distal  end,  which  nllbrds  a  very  firm  attachment;  the  lower  limb  short 
and  thick.  The  HU]»ra-olavicle  long  and  aleudor,  its  posterior  edge  sharply 
Hcrrut.c,  thi<  serrations  atuuding  nut  above  the  surface  of  the  skin.  Ver- 
tehni'i  in  normal  nitniher,  lO-f  1H:^23  (in  Caproi),  Two  or  3  speoieH, 
arranged  in  3  genera,  and  living  in  r.-ktbcr  deep  water.  Caproa  aper,  the 
Boarflsb,  supurlieiully  resembles  the  .lohn  Dory,  Zc«»  faber,  and  is  com- 
mon on  tbo  cuasti*  of  Houthern  Ktnope.  This  family,  like  the  preeediug, 
is  of  dnobtfii]  iiHinities.  It  is  oiUy  remotely  allied  to  the  Zfidir,  and  its 
relationship  to  tlio  ('arauijidn'  or  other  Scombroiil  forms  Is  not  e\  idcut. 
Antigonin  bears  much  superliuial  resemblance  to  the  Ephippidtr,  u  resem- 
blance probably  arising  from  real  affinity,  as  is  shown  by  the  form  and 
attachment  of  the  |io8t-temporal.  An  extinct  genus,  I'roanH'ionia,  is  said 
to  connect  Aniiiionia  with  Caprot.  {Capridn.  Lowe,  Fishea  of  Madeira, 
IMS,  xn.) 

a,  IiAtrrkl  line  complete.    Body  doeprr  than  long,  roveced  wiUi  nragh  BoaltM. 

6.  Te«lh  ileoder,  in  jawa  only  j  annl  (ptnoii  atrong.  AimoOHTA,  VU. 


*  Called  OmpmUa  by  Dr.  GUI  to  diatinpilsb  ibe  group  from  Vaprida,  the  family  of 
Cttfra,  the  goat 


1G64 


Bulletin  /7,  United  Stales  National  Museum. 


554.  ANTIGONIA,  Ix)wo. 


Atiligonia,  LoWB,  Proo.  Zoul.  800.  I^nd.  \Mi,  »&  icaprot). 

napTuphoutit,  MOllkk  &'  Tbosciiel,  liunii  lobUiyulugloii'.  ill,  28,  lUi  (ftur»ra). 

Ojtptinofm,  ScuLEOBU,  Fauna  JapoDicn,  Poia«.,  XLii.  84,  ig.2, 1847  ln<ftc«erM4>. 

Bmly  very  doup,  tbo  <li']»th  iiiucb  grcuter  tliaii  length  of  btxly,  which 
JH  nxceasively  cuiiijiroH.Hcd  aiul  ruvcri'd  with  iiimli^ratt^-sized,  firm,  rou^h- 
cteuoid  Bcak's;  jHolile  from  nnjn>  tu  (iorsa)  very  sti'cp  and  nenily  Btraij^ht. 
ynrl'aro  of  lieud  ubove  witb  ronjjli  bony  Htriii-;  preojierole  ftnd  Biiborbital 
bones  artiidd  witli  elcnder  :intri>rae  Hiiines;  luuiitli  email,  its  cleft  nearly 
vortical;  preiiiaxillary  with  a  vi<ry  long  process,  su  that  it  is  oxti'cmely 
protractile,  purUaps  b-sa  so  than  in  Capron:  lower  jaw  projectinj,; ;  upper 
jaw  8om«vvli:«t  [imtTaitile;  ni,^xill.iiy  brnad,  nraly;  Kinall,  very  slender 
tootli  on  jiiws  in  1  row,  none  on  pnlntc;  chin  rough;  preopercle  with 
rough  8tri;i',  becoiutng  iintrorso  s]>incs  lioloiv  ;  chcoks  deep,  covered  with 
rough  sciilus;  opordo  short,  scaly.  BrmubioHtegals  6;  gill  membranes 
separate,  freo  fiom  i.'^tbmns.  Liiteral  line  coucurri^nt  with  the  back.  Fin 
spines  RtilV  :iud  strong.  Dorsals  united,  thu  third  >*pinc  stout  and  ele- 
vated, thu  sixth  or  la.tt  spine  shortest,  lower  than  tho  soft  rays,  the  fin 
is  thus  distinctly  notched.  Soft  dorsal  and  anal  simitar,  long  nud  low, 
none  of  the  rays  produced;  anal  M|iiiica  3,  joined  to  the  liu,  the  first 
longest.  Ilojte  <ff  dorsal  and  anal  with  a  sbeatb  of  suiall,  rough  scales 
extending  on  tho  tin  spines  and  slightly  on  tbo  rays,  not  on  the  mem- 
braues;  caudal  peilitucio  short  ;iud  dixp,  deeper  than  long;  caudal  short, 
R4|uaTe]y  truncate;  vctitruls  strong,  of  niotlernt(«  length,  at  lowest  point 
of  voDtinl  outline,  wi-ll  lieliiiid  poctunds  anil  directly  below  spinooa 
dorsal,  M-hicli  is  at  bigheHt  point  of  dorHnl  outline;  ventral  spine  large, 
rougliencil  anlciioriy ;  pector.als  iiiodcnito,  not  falcate.  I'robably  a  single 
species,  widely  distrilmtod.  A  very  Bingului-  fish  of  unccrtaiu  rclatioua. 
It  is  placed  by  (tiintlicr  among  tho  tnranijUlii  with  I'lolitj',  I'uvlluii^  Pftne*, 
Zani}lu»,  etc.,  tho  uatnrul  character  of  tho  family  being  destroyed  by  the 
intrnsion  of  these  diverse  fomi«.  TiVo  see  no  real  resemblauci-  between 
Antigmiia  and  any  of  tho  Carnnrftdn ,  nor  does  it  seem  to  us  to  possess 
Scombroid  afiluities  ttt  all.  It  seruis  to  be  telatod  to  Ctiprot,  &u  Stein- 
dachiior  and  (iiil  have  indicated,  iu  placing  Aniigonia  among  the  <'a- 
prciihf.  Tho  Miiion  of  tho  post  toniporal  with  tho  Hkull  iu  Caprtu  suggests 
affluity  with  Zanchia  and  Chtttwion,  a  suggestion  borne  out  b^'  the  long 
pubic  bones.  In  it.n  lin  armature,  scales,  and  1'niighiicH.s  of  heail,  Antigonia 
suggests  I'riacanihiia,  to  vvhicli  gcuiis  it  may  be  possibly  related.  Cupron 
shows  some  external  rcscukblancc  to  Xtm,  but  thu  syKtctuatic  position  of 
Zeui  is  oqiially  nuccrtaiu.  Nothing  but  its  small,  smooth  scales  allies /friic 
to  tho  Sooiobroids  and  its  singular  veutrals  suggest  the  Berycoids.  Ztim 
has  3^  voitebr;p,  and  thi^  pubic  bones  not  elongate.  {Avriyoyeta,  a  cit}' 
founded  by  Autigoaus,  the  alkisiou  not  erideut.) 


Jordan  and  Evermann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     1005 


S079.  AXTTflOMA  TAPROS,  U.W(s, 

(Sill  KIIIDAI.) 

Ileiu!  .1;  depth  (greater  witb  agel  always  more  tlinn  length  of  body; 
•y*  ik  in  heud;  Buoiit  3J.  D.  VIII,  'M-  A.  Ill,  :i3;  V.  I.  5;  P.  13;  C.  12; 
sealea  ir)-o!'-40.  Anterior  protilft  of  )i«ad  ntfcp,  hut  growing  Mtveper  from 
tbr  nap<'  to  first  iliir9;i|,  hii  thiit  it  in  concft\ o  nbnvo  eye;  liaar  of  dontnl 
forming  a  Hteeji  obli<|n«  lino,  corroHpondiiig  to  Mtit«rior  profile;  I>ii8«  of 
anal  and  outline  of  brcaxt  alto  verj'  »1)lic|ne;  niaxtllitry  reaching  front  of 
ey«' ;  3  or  1  rows  of  scales  on  cheek  ;  prickles  on  chin  ;  preorbital  ami  other 
bonen  of  hi>ad  longer  anil  more  niimeroiiM  in  males;  top  of  head  coven^l 
with  rciu^h  Mi-rrate  strin-;  third  dorsal  spinn  strong,  rniigb.and  cnrved,  1) 
in  head;  first  anal  spine  about  as  long  as  eye.  3^  to  2\  in  hca^l;  ventral 
8]iine  1^;  candal  U.  Scalus  vary  rough,  mnch  as  in  I'riaranthut.  Lateral 
line  i-ouipli-t«,  concnrreiit.  with  buck.  Air  bladder  largo.  Color  golden 
ri'd.  Lc-ngth  about  a  foot.  In  rather  deep  water,  widely  distributml  in 
the  Atlantic,  and  uIho  in  the  I'acifli-  about  .lapan  nnd  the  Ki  Islands,  and 
Mauadoj  if  the  I'acillo  spcoics.  Antigttnia  mbf-nertu',  )iroveH  to  be  ideutinal 
with  J.  capro',  as  is  suppoMi'd.  It  lives  in  ubotit  UN)  fut.houiii.  (8teiji- 
daehner ;  spi'i'iinens  from  Tokio.)  ( Caprot,  a  related  gi-nus,  from  -xaitpoi, 
a  gniiitinK  Hea-(i»b.) 

Antigonia  eapto;  L«>we.  rroc.  Zoiil.  So<:.  Lontlan  1813,  85,  Madeira. 

flajirvpSimuji  iturera,  MPUJia  A  TlUMwrnti,.  ITurx   lelithroloKicn-,  III.  |i.  28,  |il.  A,  l\g.  1, 

Ifll-'i.  Barbadoi. 
/lyiitinului  rubrtcmt,  i^llueillCL,  Kmitia  Japanh^o,  I'liiaaoaa,  M,  pi.  K,  tig.  3, 1847,  Omura, 

Japan. 
Antii/uitia  milUrri,  KU'NXnfiiKK,  Sltxb.  Akail.  Wiiw.  Wlan.,  LXXX,  I87D,  380,  |il.  0,  fig.  I, 

King  Qeorge'a  Sound. 
Hn/i'rtriiia  rayrot,  U<ki|>IC  l»  IMtKH,  Uooanlo  lolithyolom'.  2^>  llg.33&,  IglMI. 

Subortler  SQUAMIPINNES. 
(The  SrALYPiNs.) 

Body  rompreued,  corereil  with  small  or  miunte  ctenoid  scales;  lateral 
|1nn  unarmed,  ronciirront  with  the  1>ack;  muutli  small,  with  slender  or 
brush-like  teeth;  upcrcles  armed  or  not;  nostrils  double;  gills  4,  a  alit 
hohtnd  the  fourth;  k'H  nirmbruues  ntiitod  to  the  broail  scaly  isthmus; 
pseudobninchiii'  present;  air  blriddor  ]ire««nt;  dorsal  fin  long,  the  spines 
nsiially  well  devolop<>d,  the  soft  part  nsiially  more  or  less  scaly;  candid 
nsiially  tmncati-  or  double  concave;  anal  similar  to  noft  dorsal ;  vcutrals 
thoracic,  sometimes  niilimcntary,  simietiinoH  with  ;.'  spines,  the  pubic  bone 
becoming  progressively  «-longnf<';  vortebra-  usually  10+14  — 21,  but  some- 
times still  further  reduced.  Itasis  of  cranium  double,  with  a  ilonbI<5  mua- 
nular  tube;  post-temporal  tri furcate  or  bifurcate  in  Kphipjritlit  and  other 
trtiiiBitioniil  fornix,  jmi  in  tb«  Scombroids  and  Percoids;  in  other  species 
(Irmly  united  to  the  skull,  itn  structure  showing  the  nsnal^  forks,  the  space 
between  tlioni  lilliul  in  by  bone,  so  that  only  a  forftmeu  is  left;  s<>cond, 
third,  and  fourth  npper  pharyngeala  small,  <isaally  reduced  to  vertical 


1666         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


transvene  laminae  Hypercoracoid  with  median  foramen ;  pectoral  with 
4  Bhort  basal  bones.  This  group  comprises  a  large  number  of  fishes,  some 
of  them  showing  analogies  with  the  Carangida<  on  the  one  hand  and  with 
certain  Percoid  fishes  on  the  other;  the  typical  forms  specialised  in  direc- 
tions leading  toward  the  Plertognalhi.  The  limits  of  the  gronp  are  nncor- 
tain,  nJthongh  there  is  no  donbt  about  the  relationship  of  any  of  the  genera 
here  treated.  Perhaps  several  of  the  families  currently  recognized  as 
Scombroid  belong  here.  From  the  SquamipinHes  the  Pleetognathi  are  cer- 
tainly descended.  The  close  relation  of  Balittet  to  Teutkit  admits  of  no 
donbt.  This  relationship  is  shown  in  the  osteology,  the  reduced  post- 
temporal  and  coalesced  bones  of  jaws,  in  the  great  development  of  the 
pubic  bone,  in  the  restriction  of  the  gill  openings,  and  in  the  character  of 
the  scales,  especially  the  armature  of  the  tail.  In  a  natural  system  the 
BalUtida  would  follow  the  TeuthiiiAai  and  Siganidir.  The  Teuthidida  and 
the  Balittida  are  as  nearly  related  to  each  other  as  the  Ephxppida  are  to 
the  Chcrtodontidae.  (tquatna,  scale ;  pinna,  fin.  The  group  is  called  JCpeUu- 
mia  by  Cope,  but  the  name  Squamipinnet  is  older,  and  the  CkaUHUmtida 
are  the  chief  constitnents  of  both  groups. 

FaMIUKS  of  SqUAMIPINNES. 

a.  Post-temporal  bifurcate  or  trifnrcate,  not  united  with  the  skull;  dorsal  fins  2;  sepa- 
rate teeth  slender,  hardl;  brush-like;  maxillary  distinct.         KpnippiDiE,  CLXiv. 
aa.  Post-temporal  apparently  simple,  firmly  nnlted  to  the  skull,  dorsal  fin  continnons; 
ver.tral  rays  I,  5. 
b.  Toeth  bmsh-like,  setiform,  thick  set;  post-temporal  with  a  foramen  which  is 
iiMually  fnlly  perforate;  caraivorous  flshcs  with  the  intestinal  canal  short; 
the  caudal  peduncle  unarmed  and  the  pnbtc  bone  not  greatly  developed ; 
maxillary  distinct, 
e.  Scales  well  developed.  Ch^ktodostto*,  clxv. 

ce.  Soales  reduct-d  to  niin  iite  asperitieA ;  some  of  the  dorsnl  spin«<s  Hlamentoos. 

ZAJIfUD^S!,  CUCVl. 

66.  Teeth  incisor-like,  in  a  single  series ;  post-temporal  with  a  fununeu  which 
docH  not  pons  through  the  bone ;  scales  minute,  rough ;  herbivorons  fishes 
with  the  intestinal  canal  elongate:  the  caudal  piMlunde  nsiially  armed 
with  spines  or  tubercle^;  maxillary  and  premuxillar.v  immovably  united; 
poHt-tein|ionil  united  with  skull;  pubic  bones  very  long,  bent,  firmly 
attached  to  ouch  other.  Tbothu>ii>.c,  CLXvn. 

Fsimily  CLXIV.  KPHIPPID.*:. 

(TlIK  Sl'APK-FI.SIlE.S.) 

Body  compressed,  usually  greatly  elevated,  the  anterior  profile  steep, 
the  caudal  peduncle  short.  Scales  moderate  or  small,  ctenoid,  densely 
covering  the  soft  parts  of  the  vertical  fins ;  lateral  lino  present,  following 
the  curve  of  the  back.  Mouth  small,  terminal,  horizontal;  prema.villa- 
rics  slightly  protractile;  maxillary  short,  withotit  supplemental  bone, 
partly  slipping  under  the  narrow  preorbital;  jaws  with  bunds  of  slender, 
pointed,  movable,  brnnh-like  teeth;  nostrils  double;  preopercle  very 
finely  serrated  or  entire;  gill  membranes  broadly  attached  to  isthmus,  the 
openings  restricted  to  sides;  branchiostegals  6  or  7;  pyloric  Cicca  few; 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1667 


gill  rakers  very  nLort;  pAen<lr>bronc1iin>  present.  Dorsal  i\ntt  2,  aotnf^what 
connected,  the  (irat  of  8  to  11  spinen,  wLich  aro  ilcpreMNible  iu  ii  gr^x'^'e; 
Aoft  dorsal  and  Anitl  tius  anU-riorly  high,  their  bases  thickened  by  the 
Brnles;  anal  sptDos  3  or  4,  short;  caudal  liu  tmuoato  or  doubly  c-oucavr; 
pectorals  8hort.  the  rays  all  braiirhtMl;  voutrals  thoracic,  normally  I,  5; 
aonietimuH  riidimeiitury ;  ii  liirge  iiccetwory  scale  an  in  the  •S^aridir;  air 
bladder  large,  coninionly  bifurcate  in  front,  uud  with  2  slender  horns 
behind.  V'i-rt«!brii>  10-{-  11=; 24.  Post-tcQipornl  bifnrcato  as  ttanal  among 
lishes,  not  Joined  to  the  »kiill.  As  hero  nuderstood,  a  group  of  abont  4 
genera  and  10  or  12  spccii's,  related  to  tlio  Chatoilunluhv  but  tthowing 
important  differences  in  tlie  skeU-tou,  which  hIiowm  reBeniblaiicuH  to  ))Oth 
Scombroid  and  Sparoid  forms.  Shore  llshes  mostly  of  large  size,  iu  warm 
MOB,  olten  valued  as  food. 

The  following  diagnosis  of  this  family  is  given  by  Dr.  Gill:  C'hn>todon- 
toidea  with  n  wide  acaly  iBthmus  extending  from  pectoral  region  to  the 
chin  and  sepaniting  the  branchial  apcrturcx;  spiuons  partially  dilleren- 
tiated  from  the  soft  portion  of  dorsal;  upper  jnw  scarcely  protractile; 
ethmoid  cariniforni  above  (not  suuk  and  concuvc)  and  vomer  declivous 
(not  projecting  forward  or  retu.se),  parapophysesspiniform  and  po«t«riorly 
inclosing  a  h:emal  canal,  and  post-temporal  bones  bifarcatod.  (Ephippni, 
etc.,  GUnther,  Cat.,  ii,  61,  1«60.) 

KpmFrcijH: 

ff.  Ftrvt  donal  lln  ronpoRpd  orspinfl*  connerteit  by  iiiainljranii,  llif  tliird  iptno  liiclii^Ht , 
rentrala  well  ile\«-I(ii>c€l,  I.  5. 
b.  SosIm  stiuill,  Xi  lit  711  iu  lliB  iHUinil  line.  CiuritxiipTKUca,  flliS. 

UoNODAcnruifj).- 
tm.  VlntAonul  fin  <:«mpuM>il  ot  »h<irt  free  npine*,  IIik  Iwit  onn  liifrhmt;  vwotmlfi  moM 
or  nidlmautary. 
c.  Ventral*  smslt  but  nonu»lty  •ievelot>«d.  U)v  my*  {,8;  bmly  not  dorpnr  than 

Uing.  PAUAI'HKTn'H,  (M. 

655.  CH^TODIPTERUS.  l..ic.'p.'do. 

OUMtf^r/mif ,  LAOtrtoK,  Bint  Xst.  Voim.,  iv,  6oa,  1Mj2  {pinmirri  -  fabtf). 

Body  much  elevated  and  conipres^od.  its  outline  nearly  orbicular,  the 
anterior  protile  nearly  vertical.  S<'aleH  small,  iV)  to  70  in  the  courne  uf  the 
lateral  line.  Jaws  about  i-rpial;  do  teeth  on  vomer  or  [lalatinen ;  te<^th  on 
Jaws  sleuiler,  somewhat  movable;  preopercle  liuciy  serrulate.  ISranchios- 
togals  6.  Dorsiil  rmB2,  somewhat  connected,  the  lirst  of  usually  9  spines, 
tbethir<l  of  which  is  elongate:  anal  "pinesS.  small,  the  second  the  longest; 
ventral  with  a  largo  accessory  scale.  Pyloric  oii-ca  4  to  fi.  Auiencau; 
distingiiishctl  from  the  Asiatic  gcnns  HphippH$,  by  the  very  much  smaller 
scales.  ixct/roXttty,  Chwtodon;  Ai';;  two;  irrepdy,  ftn,  the  dortal  being 
divideil. ) 

a.  Tbini  donul  uplne  mnrn  or  Ism  i>lersl«<i,  espeotaily  In  tiwyonnir.    Atluitlo. 

PAD  KB.  ■MM. 
ao.  Tbirtl  dorsal  ipine  Msracly  hlgbcr  tliui  fmirlli,  not  oinrr:  llian  \  Irngtli  of  boail. 

f  MlOo.  aoMATVB,  aotii. 


1668         Bulletin  /7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


SOSn.  rH*:TOI>n>TKBrS  FABRB  (Brou»«oiipt). 

(AN«KI,ri»H;   Sl>*l)KnHH.) 

Tlnad  3  to3J;  depth  1  tr.  IJ.  P.  Vtll-I,  20;  A.  Ill,  18;  scales  GO;  ca>c» 
4  to  8.  Vortical  fina  Invv  in  the  j()uii<;,  falfiito  in  the  ailult.  Third  ilor- 
Hal  Hpine  more  thnu  \  hf^itd,  in  niliilt  iihout  .m  I(hi^  ua  from  tip  of  stiont  to 
edgf  of  prcoperclr,  its  mcmbi'.ine  blackish,  more  ]iroil)ic»>«l  in  the  young; 
chin  with  a  row  (if  port's;  prnurliitiil  noarly  an  wiilo  as  wye;  jH^ctoral  con- 
HidiTubly  ahurtur  tliiiti  xenlnil,  thi"  first  »aft  ray  of  tho  latter  (lliuiiimtous. 
Gniyisli;  a  ilawky  btiml  acrnss  tlio  pyo  to  tin-  throat;  a  second  Himilar 
band,  broador,  hc^tnniiig  in  front  of  the  dorsal  mid  uxtnndiuf)!  across  base 
of  ]i(H't<>riiI  to  the  belly;  a  third  band,  narrow^T.  extending  to  middle  of 
sides,  from  the  biise  of  fourth  and  lifth  dorsal  spiues;  a  fonrtb  brna<Ier 
band  from  the  last  dorsal  Hpine  to  the  anni  8piuc«,  tbo  remaining  bands 
alternately  short  and  lon^;;  all  of  these  liands  f^rowin^  obscure  and  dis- 
appearing; with  ajfo ;  ventrals  black.  Length  2  to  3  feet.  Cape  Cod  to 
Rio  .laneiro;  very  abundant  on  our  South  Atlantic  coast;  an  excellent 
food-fish,  reachinj;  a  Jarg'-  size.  Very  large  fipertmeiiM,  which  wo  snppose 
to  ho  old  individuals,  but  which  havp  been  regarded  na  a  distinct  species 
( Kpkippun  giija*,  C'livler),  liavo  the  occipital  crest  and  anterior  iuterhii>ni.'ila 
developed  in  thick  bony  niasaea.  Similar  changes  occnr  in  the  .'uliilt  of 
SvUiie  atiil  iither  Cantni/tilo:  (fitber,  blacksmith;  the  species  was  called 
Faber  mariiiu»  by  Sloanc.) 

Fahrr  marinut  fens  ijtiadratiu  (tli«  rilut-fldi)  SuiAn,  Nat.  Hint.  Jwnaiea,  n,  290,  ]>1.SSI, 
170.'l,Jamaica. 

t'hir-tocloti  /ahrr,  Broitssokkt,  Irhtli,  lleaui,  1,v,  j>L  4, 1782,  Jamaica  (roll,. I.  KlUal ;  Caro- 
lina (Coll.  Dr.  Bln|;c[eii).     [Society  Islands,  Hanks  &.  Si>lflntloT.] 

Xeiu  quadralut,   GURI.m,  .Synt.  NaC,  I.  122S.   1T8A,  Jamaica;   after  Faber  rnarinv  Jrr* 

Chntodan  pliimieri,  P.i/wn,  lebtliy.,  i»1.2n,  1793,  Martinique;  nfu>r  ri.rMiiK. 
8tUn»  ijuadranffiilarU,  liArtrtiiz,  Ilixt  Nat.  PalNa..  IV,  'j&l.  180:!,  Jamaica  ;  alU-r  SLO.aXB. 
Chaiodoti  ovi/ormu.  MlTriiir.i.  TranB.  T.it.  nnH  Phil.  S«r.,  i,  JP15. 247. i.l.  ,<;,  (Ig.  i.  New  York. 
Kphifipui  ffigat,    CrvtKli,    Ri'-gno  Anim,,  Hd.   II.  Vol    2,  191,  \*2D.   America;    very  «lil 

«<xainplcA  with  swollen  occipital  crttsi ;   miTrrErsii.  Cat.,  I1.  HI,  IKSn :  UouirOok,  Icbth 

8.  Car..  107, 18B0. 
EphippuM  fabrr,  UC!«TlfBK,  Cat.,  II,  01, 1H80:  TIolurook,  Iclith.  8.  Car.,  107,  1f«ao. 
Chatoiiptenufabtr,  .romiAN  <t  CiIijieiit,  S3Fnn]>iiiit,  on.ltVin. 


MNl.  <-H.«TOr»tPTKRrH  ZOXATITK  tlSlnird). 

Dorsal  Vlll-I,  IK;  anal  II,  Ifi;  (scales  70.  Long  rays  of  soft  dorsal  and 
anal  ^  longer  than  head.  This  species  agrees  with  Clurti/dipUriit  faber  in 
nearly  all  resjiects.  The  chief  dillerences  ntv  that  behind  the  great  hand 
from  soft  dorsal  to  anat  in  '^  2onaUt»  there  are  2  other  hands;  1  under  mid- 
dle of  soft  dorsal,  the  other  at  bast*  of  caudal,  both  distinct  complete 
rings;  no  othiT  bauds.  The  tbird  dorsal  spine  ia  not  very  higli,  being 
only  about  i  length  of  head,  and  about  twice  height  of  the  fourth. 
liCngth  2  feet  or  more.  Pacilie  coast  of  Ann^rica,  San  Diego  to  P.aiiama; 
rather  coninioii  tiotittivvard.  Occasionally  seen  at  Mazatlau,  aereral  speci- 
mens being  taken  by  us  in  the  Astillcro.  It  was  foiuid  by  Dr.  Gilbert  at 
JiAzatlau  and  Panama.     The  original  type  of  the  siieoic*  came  fruiu  San 


Jordati  and  Evermann, — Fishes  of  North  Amerka.     1609 

Die^o,  when-  no  author  sabiieqoont  to  Girard  liaa  soeii  it.  It  is  probnbly 
geuiTiilly  didiiacd  a\on^  thv  00:1st,  althoiigli  \e»a  abuiKlaiit  than  tbe  curre- 
epuiidtug  specicB  (ChattHiiplfrut  faXter  L.)  in  in  the  Atlantic.  (roNahM, 
zoned  or  bauded.) 

Kphippvf  lonatut,  (ilRARD,  Pac.  R.  R.  Snrr.,  x.  (>l.  110.  IK>8,  San  Diego.    (Coll.  A.  Caulily.) 
ClurtndipUruM  lunatus,  .fotutAK,  Cat.  Fiabeit,  102,  1885;  EvEiuu.vit  &.  JeNKlWB,  Pruo.  U.S. 
Nat.Kiu.lWI.  100. 

656.   PARAPSETTUS,  Sh'iiidjMUmr. 
I'nraptrtbu,  SrmmkVfTmft,  Johtli.  Heit.,  111,  .So,  I87S  (/winaiiujiuu). 

liody  abort  and  tle«]i,  much  compreoHed,  tbe  depth  not  ^euter  than  the 
Icugtb.  Scalus  vary  aianll,  strnngly  cti-iiotd,  covering  thi'  Aoft  niys  of  the 
vertical  tins;  lateral  line  evenly  arched.  Suuut  short,  verticiilly  truncate 
:it  tip;  mouth  Huinll:  teeth  chttte  8ut,  xlendur  and  Hhai-p,  in  3  or  1  rows,  the 
outer  Blightly  larger.  Oport^len  nuariued.  Soft  dorsal  and  iiiiiil  long  and 
high,  the  tipi4  fiilnito;  apinouH  dorHnl  roproseuted  by  9  ikhort  fni^o  Hpinos, 
uarct'ly  rising  above  the  aurfaco  of  tho  Bcnk-s;  unal  with  3  very  small 
»inc8.  FtTtorula  r>hort;  vcntrala  aniall,  I,  r>:  caudal  double  concave,  the 
outer  lobe  pointed,  the  uiediau  lobe  ronuded.  One  specioa.  Thia  genus 
diOVnt  from  the  East  Indiiiu  Monadaetylut  (=  I'teltut  Ciivicr  >&  Valunci- 
runca)  in  having  the  v<'ntTal  fins  perfect  and  the  body  not  excessively 
di«>p.  The  reliitiona  of  this  goons  seem  to  ns  evidently  with  the  Kphip- 
pitlii'  r.ither  than  with  tbe  Scombroida,  auiong  which  MonodiutiiUix  bus  been 
generally  pbiced.  liut  Cayrot  u^ad  AnliijoHia  are  not  far  distaut  froui  it. 
(xafici,  near;  Pnottat,  from  ^('^/rrct,  a  flattlxh,  turbot.) 

S08S.  PARAPKETTCN  PAKAXlil^lKlS,  Steinilarhaor. 

Head  3;  depth  U.  I>.  IX,  28;  A.  III.  24;  I'.  18.  Fonn  of  Chirtodipterus 
faber;  the  snout  very  blunt,  the  lower  jaw  included;  maxillary  reaching 
middle  of  i\ve;  eye  longer  than  snout,  1  in  huad.  Last  dorsal  spine  i 
as  long  as  oyo,  as  long  as  third  anal  spine;  longest  raya  of  dorsal  and  anul 
nj*  long  as  head,  lust  niy  of  dorsal  and  anal  Hhort«<«t,  the  posterior  jtart  of 
(in  rounded;  caudal  slightly  longer  thuuheail;  pectoral  slightly  Hhortcr 
than  head;  llmt  soft  ray  of  vonirul  liliform,  twice  Imgth  of  last,  2  in 
bead.  Color  silvry  gray,  paler  bulow;  basr  of  caudal  ji-Uowish.  with 
brown  dots.  Fnnania  (Steindachuer);  rar<';  sevi^ral  specimens  lately 
obtnitied  by  I>r.  Gilbert. 

I'nm/'uflhit  ]ianamfn*i$,  STBinDACllNM,  Iclitli.  licli,,  in, 51, 1075,  with  an  t'XooUoul ll|[ara, 
Paoama. 

Family  CLXV.  ClIiETODONTlU^.* 

(TllK   HOTTKIIFLY-FI8HE8. ) 

Body  strongly  compressed,  elevated,  suborbicular  in  oatHne,  rovor<<d 
with  nio<ler&to-aized  or  small  scales,  which  are  finely  ciliated  or  nearly 


*  For  a  r«visw  of  tfin  genrra  and  gpecien  of  Cliirtodoiitidic  of  Kortli  Aniorica  aa*  papor 
by  SigennuDU  &  Uorulog,  ia  Anoala  S^.  T.  Ao.  Sci ,  iv,  11)87, 1-IB. 


1670         Bulletin  4^7  <  United  States  National  Museum. 


Hmootli ;  latrral  linn  present,  concnrrent  nith  the  bark,  not  extending  on 
tho  ffiiidal  lin;  mouth  Hninll.  irrotrftctiKi,  tennhial;  maxillary  very  short, 
irregular  iu  form,  dividcil  in  two  l»y  a  lon^itudinu]  suture;  iippor  part  of 
ukull  Hiilid,  (Htipilul  i-rost  ntroiig;  jiost-tciiipotal  liriiily  ,join<-d  to  the 
BkiiU,  it«  form  really  trifiuc^ttv  th(>ii;L:li  ap|ifariiig  siinplu,  the  iuterspace^ 
lietwct'ii  tho  forkfl  lillod  in  tiy  liono  ko  that  only  n  foramen  is  left;  lut 
bone  of  mil)orl)it.-il  riiij;  liruily  jojuod  to  the  iireoporculnm;  teeth  bmah- 
like  or  Hotirnrin,  often  u\trenu)ty  long,  iti  niirmw  band<i  iu  the  jaws;  no 
tt'oth  ou  voinor  or  ituliitiiien;  no  <'itniii(^H,  ninl.ars,  or  iuris'jrs:  eyes  laterul, 
of  raodorate  size;  hnvncliiuNt^'galB  0  <ir  7;  pnnndoliraKchiii'  very  large;  air 
Idaddcr  present.  (Jill  iiiembranes  mnru  or  leKtt  nttached  to  the  isthmus; 
gill  rakoFM  very  xmall.  Dor»!iI  fin  Bin^;ki,  loufiniiotiH,  itH  ruyHsomotiniea 
filanivntoas,  it»  Koft  part  us  well  iv«  the  noft  part  of  the  »n:il  densely  cov- 
ered with  Muall  sc'.ilus;  anal  einiilar  to  the  soft  dorsal  with  3  or  4  spinea; 
ventrals  thoracicj  I,  5  ;  laiidul  nsually  triuuatu.  Vortebru'  10  + 14  ^=24,  the 
antirlor  abbreviated  :  inRcrtioii  of  the  rilm  Interior;  poat-tinnpontl  nsnally 
roiliii'f'd,  iiud  not  bifurcate.  ( 'aruivnrcitis  (Ishes  of  the  tropical  seas,  noted 
fur  their  Miii;;iilnr  fnruis,  bri j;!it  I'olorw,  und  gn-at  activity.  Genera  8  to  10; 
spticiea  about  IHO,  uiost  nf  lliem  belonjring  t(j  €h<rto4on  and  romuca uMiui. 
Thf  p.\(;(<imivo  (iiii<!ki)t!».s  of  Kensc  and  motion  cnaldr  thrse  tishes  to  uiain- 
t.-iin  thoiuselvcs  in  the  Htnifjf^lc  for  MiHtenoc  iu  this  close  competition  of 
tliy  I'oral  reefs  iiotwithsitanding  their  bright  rolora,  The  yoiiug  are  very 
different  from  the  adiiit,  and  pass  through  a  stjige  termed  Tholickthyt  in 
which  the  riieinbnmi'B  .-ire  greatly  developed,  fonninp  collars  imd  sheaths 
:tbout  head  and  neck.     {SijiiainipinnrK.  part,  Glintlipr,  Cat.,  n,  1-57,  I860,} 

Ca.KTfWitniKX: 

a.  I*rr«>g>e-rrlr  iinftriULiI^  tloriul  opiiitvi  ii»l  KTAdnnted,  noiuo  rif  Iha  iii«illtiii  niiliicw  lon|!vr 

(hun  (hi>  last  »t>iui>«;  kpuIi-h  cniiqiBrutively  Iar)(p  (young  wiHi  tho  rholirhlhyn 

r«roi). 

h.  Snriiit  (^aanals,  iialnlincit,  oto.>  with  preniHxitlarioB.  arlionlitr,  nnd  dcniury  bones 

mncli  pnHlncoiI,  benk-lilce;  oInn<irinantli,  witli  innxillarieA,  abort,  lateral  Unci 

c.  Dvmul  gpiiioH  VI  iir  l.'l :  Hul't  mjii  Almiit  3U  (IU  U>  23). 

d.  Scales  lartto:  b«ak  nadrmto.  I'ROONATBOttltB,  657. 

id.  ScbIbs  amiU,  about  75  in  lioriconlal  aeritin:  lHUi.k  vnry  lonf;. 

Fuucipioui,  C58. 

hb.  Siioat  little  if  at  all  produi'cit;  iliirHul  BjiinuM  itjttiully  12  to  14;  not  griuluated, 

dome  of  tbe  middle  tincN  higlieat ;  kual  aplum  3.  CnjKTODOK,  859. 

aa.  I'rfwp4<r<'t('  anm^  nt  itx  Hngluwltlin  v(>rjHtroagBplDe,  which  Is  snroetimpB  (troovMl. 

t.  lui*TOi*ert  li'  iiiuirniiMl;  \crHral  limh  of  prwoi»crclo  «)x»*y  Hffijie  riilire  or  ne»rly 

an :  Hfitml  I'm  vk  il h  S  ta  11  Ai)i)ic«,  ilA  aoft  rnya  'Si  to  32,    1'Oil.vcA.VTnus.  (Wl. 

te.  lutdrupiTi'le  nlicirl  niii]  linind,  aruiiil  » illi  I  to  4  alroUi;  vpiuoA;  preo|ien>le  ser 

ratuor  iipiii<iii'<;  dorttal  nplnon  nlwdt  U,  i;ra<9iinl«d,  ttip  Inat  one  longest; 

flcuicji  rntliDr  ■tnull ;  iHtbuiiia  v<rn,'  n»imw. 

/.  Vorliral  liiiih  t»f  prc«r«>r<!lo  niuiply  fierrat«,  with  W  to  3DimaJI  te4<thi  iMMtjr 

nbtoMi;   lather  riibuat.  lIoLACAWTHOS,  I 

f.  Vertical  limb  uf  prfajiorclu  wilb  ^  tu  ti  riMt.HjKicuoua  «piiiea;  buily  nra 

much  coiupreB8i>d.  AKuKunrrHTB,  ( 


Jordan  and  Evermann, — Fishts  of  North  America.     1671 


» 


657.  PROGNATHODES,  GiU. 

P»fljiMUJto*«f,  Gill.  Piw.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Pliiln.  1IM!2,238  (pcj/d     aeuUatut:  naraconly). 

This  gannA  ih  intcniirdinte  Ix-twoen  Chelmon  itiiil  Chirtodon,  havinf;  the 
]iro<liici-d  ariont  of  the  furiiu-r  and  a  tin  foriiiulit  more  like  thot  iiHuslly 
seen  in  thu  laUor.  ScaleH  large.  Oue  Mpeciett  knuwu.  {npo,  before; 
yyiidoi,  JAir;  eidoS,  likeneas.) 


¥ 


SWK8.  I'WHIXATUnDES  AI'ItKEiTt'M  (Pcis;). 

HeMlS;  depth-.'.  D.  Xfll,  1!»;  A.  Ill,  15;  BCAlea  Sl-lO-lll.  Kuont  niml- 
erately  pro<lin'e<i,  about  *  Iwij^th  of  L«'»il;  profile  Ht«Bp,  ronravo.  Maxil- 
lary reaching  to  uiidtile  oT  siitwt.  Aiij^le  of  ]ir«>oi>erclf>  rniiDded,  minutely 
serrat*.  I)«rM«l  npiiien  toiifj  niul  very  HtroiiK;  fourth  Bjiiuo  2  iti  ilupth; 
meuibraim  lintweeii  Hpiiu^f*  di-ep!y  ixiti^hud;  soft  iiiial  iti^her  than  soft 
dorsul,  tlit^ir  biuial  !ia]ve«  ilIdiio  Mivali'd;  c-aitdul  tnini'ate.  Uniform  reddish 
browu,  with  shining  lon;;itudinal  strpa-ks,  fidlowiug  tho  eeriea  of  wiibif*; 
spinoim  domal  and  it.'*  b:iHO  blackish;  soft  doisal  bordered  with  urangc; 
other  fiDH  yellowiBh  or  colorlciia;  border  of  operrl<^  orange;  ocular  band 
•lark,  narrower  than  ej'e,  witliotit  paler  border,  not  •^xtrndin}!  below  eye. 
(fitiutber.)  West  ludieH.  Kuowu  mily  from  tb«  aci'oyiita  of  GitnthiT  and 
Po«y.     {acttleatii*,  spine.) 

CMmoH  aeuUatwi,  Vokm,  Momnriui,  It,  202,  Jnty,  I860,  Havmna. 
Chtliiio ptila,  GOirniKlt,  Cut.,  U,  38,  SnptenilHir.  1800,  Incalily  nnknoirn. 
I'rojfnathodf  afiil<^liir,  Voky,  Syaopaia,  3M,  1868;  Kiobsmank  &  HoaNiNO,  Aun.  N.  Y. 
Ac,  Sci.,  IV,  18H7.2. 


I 


658.  FORCIPIGER,  .Jordan  A   MiOregor. 
r,  JoBbAM  &  MoOewk)B,  Dflw  gftnus  (tvngiroafrw). 

Thin  ffemifl  difTers  from  Chtlmfm,  Cnvier,  in  tbn  long  and  higb  Bpinmia 
dorsal,  which  iw  foujpost'd  td'  !2  stiiiit  spinea  (U  in  ChehiutH}.  The  suniit, 
aa  in  Vhtlmon,  jh  very  lonjj  and  (dwider,  bearing;  the  abort,  fon-ep-liku 
jaws  at  the  end.  From  VroijiialhoiUt,  a  genua  Ptill  more  cloaely  relattul, 
Forcijiujrr  ditlVrs  in  tliti  nniali  Hcalea,  there  being  about  7->  iu  a  Iiori/.ontal 
aenee.  I'ncilir  Ore.ni.  Two  idoaely  related  uppcips  known — /■'.  lonniroftrit 
(Cavier  &  Valeni-ienu(«)  Crom  the  East ludiea, and  the  following,  i/oroepi, 
tweezers ;  yeru,  I  bear. ) 

SOM.  FOB<'IPUiEK  FLAVISSIXIK,  .r<ir<liui  &  MrGref;nr.  nnw  fip«:|ps. 

Hea4l  2i;  depth  2;  e.vo  tH  in  bead.  1).  XII,  22;  A.  Ill,  IT;  snoat  1?  in 
head.  Body  short,  stroogly  *.'onipre»»ed,  itH  outline  angular;  anterior 
protile  very  ateep,  concave.  Mouth  aniall,  at  the  tip  of  the  projecting 
■nout;  cleft  of  mouth  li  ni  eye.  Scales  unite  ttninll,  ctenoid,  [l-75-;i5, 
irregularly  placed,  Htiialler  on  head  and  bases  of  Iium,  the  rows  alouj;  lateral 
line  paraUel  with  it  only  iint4<riorly,  those  below  run  bori?.oiitttll,v  on  lower 
parts  of  the  body  and  irregularly  upward  and  backward  above;  lateral 
line  concurrent  with   the   buck.      Doraal   Mpiuos  t^xtremely  atrong,  fifth 


1672  Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


spine  If  in  head,  longest  soft  rays  i\  in  head;  cAudal  2^  in  head,  slightly 
lunate,  upper  lobe  longer;  third  anal  spine  very  long,  mnch  longer  than 
second,  1}  in  head;  pectoral  \\  in  head;  ventral  1^  in  head.  Color  bright 
orange,  deepest  at  base  of  dorsal ;  head  and  nape  abruptly  black  to  level 
of  lower  point  of  eye,  below  this  point  reddish  pearly ;  breast  aud  lower 
jaw  nearly  white;  preorbital  bones  paler  than  cheeks,  which  are  mottled 
with  brownish;  median  region  of  top  of  head  palt-r;  pectoral  slightly 
dusky;  dorsal  and  anal  colored  like  body,  the  last  rays  of  anal  with  a 
large  black  blotch,  vertically  oblong,  its  longest  diameter  a  little  greater 
than  diameter  of  eye,  not  ocellated  as  in  i^.  loyig\ro9tri»  ;  soft  rays  of  dorsal 
and  anal  blackish  at  tip,  the  very  edge  pale;  candal  abruptly  blackish. 
This  species  is  extremely  close  to  F.  longiro$tri*,  which  is  common  in  the 
East  Indies.  The  American  species  differs,  however,  in  the  deeper  body 
and  the  mnch  larger  anal  spot,  which  is  almost  round  in  the  East  Indian 
species.  Kocky  Islands,  off  the  west  coast  of  Mexico;  numerous  speci- 
mens from  Clarion  and  Socorro  islands,  6  to  8  inches  in  length,  (flaritn- 
mut,  very  yellow.) 

fltreipigir /tantiimu*,  Jou>AW  &  McGbsoob  MS.,  Qarion  and  Socorro  islands,  Revil- 
tacicedo  ArcbipclaKO.  (Type,  No.  S709.  L.  S.  Jr.  Unir.  Mus.  Coll.  Kichard  C.  Mc- 
Gregor.) 

659.  CH£TODON*  (Artedi)  Linnxus. 

(BCTTERFLY-FISHBS. ) 

Ckaitadon,  Abtkoi,  Genera,  51, 1T38  (nomeroiu  specleii,  the  first  one  mentioned  bdonging 
io  PtmtacantAmi!  non binomial). 

Telragtnoptrut,  KLSCf,  Hiatoria  Pisciam,  37,  1744  (many  species:  $triatut.  etc.:  non- 
binomial). 

CktHodim,  LDCiLxrs,  Syatema  Katnne,  Ed.  x,  273, 17S8  (indndee  all  known  Cktrtodnntida). 

CkatodOH,  CrviKa,  Rt^gne  Animal,  Ed.  II.  Vol.  2,  189.  I(<29  {itriatiu.  eapvitratut;  tirst 
lestrk-tion  of  the  name  to  the  preeent  group). 

Rmbdirpkonu,  Sw.\i\snx,  Class'u  Fisbvs.  II,  21.  1839  (ephippium}. 

CiOutnedut,  KaCT,  Wiegmann's  Archiv,  18C0  <tn<>/m). 

Linopkmv,  Kacp,  Wiegmann's  Arcliiv.  1860  {auriga). 

Sarolhrodiui,  Gux,  Proc.  Ao.  Xat.  .S>i.  Pbila.  1882.  2:W  (i'hatodoi,  CrriEK.  nee  Aectkoi: 
offered  as  a  sabetitute  for  Chtttvtlvn.  the  latter  name  )>tfiDg  transferred  to  I'mnacan- 

ttUJi). 

TkctieUhift,  Gl'XTHKS,  Ann.  Ma^.  Xat.  Uist.  1868.  457  (uMfiU:  larv:il  form). 

Tetraijoiwptnu,  liiJ^EKEB.  Ke» .  Famille  Cbiitodontoideo.  52.  1877  ($triatut). 

Cktrtodon>op$.  liutKKr.B,  Le..5X  1»T7  (eollarU). 

ITrmiehatodvH.  Bleekek.  I.e. .S3. 1877  itxi]nttratu.'\. 

LepiditchirtiHlon.  ItLCBKtlB.  (  e..  'A.  1877  {unimaculatutt. 

Oimoehfrtodon,  ItlXEKER,  I.e.,  jl,  1877  (trianiniium). 

Chatodon,  Jobdan  Jc  Cilbebt,  Synopsis.  614.  18&I  (rvstrirtiou  Oieainttrat'i*> 

AnitothatodoH,  KLVsztyatH.  Ki«<-be  drs  Rothen  Mwre*.  M.  l.siM  {aunj-i,. 


*Tbe  Linniean  p^nii.'*.  ('htttwloii.  is  bait-d  un  Tanuns  ypecie.*.  cliifri.\  of  tbi^  family,  the 
Pomaetntridir  and  Tenthididtr.  Forskal.  in  1775.  rviuovrd  th>-  lattrr  elcuit'Dt*  u>  form 
his  sabgemra  Jfru<fr/if«/and  .leanthnnit  I'emacanthiit  and  HUnfan'fiu  wrrr  nniov*^ 
by  Lac»:p*de,  and  by  Cuvirr  thr  cenas  wa.'*  Iimit«<i  e^-M-nliiJlN  to  its  present  IwandarieTi. 
0at  of  the  tiro  Ltnnu'an  ypevirs  *triatut  and  tafittratu*  n)fDtion,r<l  i>y  Cii\  :er  must  b« 
reganled  as  the  type  of  Vhirtod^m.  Of  thrse  ttriatut  was  ih>i*"'n  js  t\  w  of  T'tra-i'  n-p 
tenu,  which  wonid  apparrnlly  leave  eapittratut  as  the  type  of  I'hrti'don.  Tiie  uw  liy 
Bleekerof  Cktrtodon  fur  PoMacaHlhm  i*  ,in«tid<'d  nnlv  by'tlit-  peculiar  ruW»  of  nomeucla 
tore  adopted  by  Bleeker.  This  codr  recoVniird  prv  Liuua-an  genera,  and  nu>I«  the  Iii>t 
•pecies  mentioned  under  a  new  grneiic  name  as  the  typr  of  it. 


Uody  Bliort,  deep,  very  atronjjly  rompreaaed,  especially  above  and  hohind ; 
head  miuill,  compresseil,  almost  everywhere  acaly;  mouth  very  suall, 
terminal,  the  juws  providi-d  with  long,  alouder,  Itcxible,  liristle-Iiko  teeth; 
vomer  !»oniotimo»  with  t<50th;  preoiien-uliim  outiro  or  nearly  80,  without 
apiuo.  Dorsal  lln  -liu^le,  coutiiiuous,  not  notched,  the  dpiimiis  part  luui;;ur 
than  tbo  soft  part,  of  aliuut  13  spint^s,  the  spines  not  ^aduated,  Hom<< 
of  the  middle  odcs  being  longer  than  the  lost;  Inat  riiya  of  aoft  dorsal 
uaually  rapidly  Hhortouod,  aome  of  thoui  ocoaaiooally  KIamontoii8  (in  Kaat 
Indian  epccics);  caudal  peduncle  short,  the  caudal  flu  fau-ahaped;  anal 
similar  to  soft  doraal,  precedeil  by  3  or  4  strong  apiuea.  Hody  covered 
with  rather  large  I'teuoid  »valei»,  eoiiiewbat  irregular  in  thoir  iirrangeoiont; 
the  lateral  line  curved,  high,  parallel  with  the  hack.  Oill  opcuinga  rather 
narrow,  the  membrunee  narrowly  Joined  t<>  the  isthiiiiia;  branch ioategaitt 
U.  A  very  large  genua  of  aingiilar  and  beautiful  tishcx,  al>ouudiug  in  the 
tropical  sesa,  especially  about  volcanic  rocktt  and  roral  reefs;  most  of 
them  have  the  body  crossed  by  transverae  black  bars.  They  are  all  very 
active,  ffeding  on  aiuall  animals,     (xixiry,  brJHtlo;  oiSot'c,  tooth.) 

a.  Scale*  on  triink  >U  »ub«<^ual.  ib«ir  pcwterior  marina  regularly  rounded.    Noueof 

the  mv*  u(  thu  «ult  domal  produced. 
CKCTODOKTOra  iCIurtndnn;  u^,  npiwarnnce) : 

b.  8«riM  of  i)ch1c«  beluw  axu  of  IxMly  runnlneoltliqaoly  npwKrd  luid  backward,  tbo  low- 

eat  beoomiug  mare  i>r  Ibmh  horizontal. 
«.  OeuUr  band  ext«adiDg  from  uaiM  only  to  eye;  a  IraasverMS  baud  between  eyv*. 

NIORIRO0TEU8,  SOBS. 

«e.  Ocular  band  eiitendiiig  rroni  na|ie  beyond  eye  ■ctom  tb^  ohnek  aad  iDtvrupercle. 
d.  Baae  «f  eoR  dorsal  with  >  largu  bbick  apvl,  uut  uoollatcd. 

UCaLLATCB,  3080. 

4d.  Baae  of  »on  donal  without  black  apoi. 

f.  IlniiiDml  band  prcanul.  nrxKBAlJ«,  2087. 

M.  Uuiiicrul  band  ubnent. 

/.  liudy  with  u  dark  band  between  duraal  and  an^  no  oaodal 
oocllut. 
g.  Ocular  band  edged  with  ytttlowiah  ur  wbitiab  above,  aofl 
dorml  and  anai  witb  much  biwik.    sedk.vi'ai(1C8,  S088. 
py.  Ocnljir  bund  jf*t-black,  not  wbito  edged;  (loft  donuki  and 
atial  nithoiit  hlork.  AY  A,  208U. 

/f.  Body  without  Idot^k  croaa  baud*,  tb^i  oouliU-  liauduuly  |irraeat; 
an  ooellus  on  caudal  pedunole.  at.enutvs,  20(0. 

CnJcronoN: 
M.  Sorlcaor  Male*  lirlnw  axis  of  body  extending  dinm  ward  und  liacknard,  forming  an 
angle  with  thuRC  kIhivo,  lacli  nerii'i*  iiiiirkMl  by  a  C(.>ntioaona  black  '•treuk. 
A.  ISody  wilbuiil  ocelli.  crvMAud  by  dark  bauds.  rrKIATl'8,  201M 

AA.  Uody  wUli  a  lart;o  block  ocolla*  below  aofl  doraal.  cjtrisTBATC).,  'JO'JU 

AAA.  Body  witli  2  m'olll,  a  large  one  ou  caudal  |iedui>cle  and  a  amallrr  onr  un  llnii 
a  or  0  eon  ray*  of  dunol.  bbicei,  Su03. 


Subgenus  CHATODONTOPS,  nieeker. 

80H6.  t-HJ<T0D09r  MfiUIUOKTRIN  (Gill). 

D.  XII,  24;  A.  Ill,  20;  ecaiea  41.     Body  dc«p,  the  depth  1}   in  extreme 
lougtb  ;  aiiiiut  little  ptoiliiccd.  ita  length  lettatbun  that  of  eye;  ocular  baud 
extending  from  doraal  only  ttj  eye,  not  acroea  the  check;  muzzle  witb  a 
3030 28 


1672         Bulletin  //,  United  States  National  Museum. 


spine  If  in  head,  longest  soft  rays  2^  in  head ;  caudal  2^  in  head,  slightly 
Innate,  npper  lobe  longer;  third  anal  spine  very  long,  much  longer  than 
second,  li^  in  head;  pectoral  1^  in  head;  ventral  1^  in  head.  Color  bright 
orange,  deepest  at  base  of  dorsal ;  head  and  nape  abruptly  black  to  level 
of  lower  point  of  eye,  below  this  point  reddish  pearly ;  breast  and  lower 
jaw  nearly  white;  preorbital  bones  paler  than  cheeks,  which  tire  mottled 
with  brownish;  median  region  of  top  of  head  paler;  pectoral  slightly 
dusky;  dorsal  and  anal  colored  like  body,  the  last  rays  of  anal  with  a 
large  black  blotch,  vertically  oblong,  its  longest  diameter  a  little  greater 
than  diameter  of  eye,  not  ocellated  as  in  F.  longirottru ;  soft  rays  of  dorsal 
and  anal  blackish  at  tip,  the  very  edge  pale ;  caudal  abruptly  blackish. 
This  species  is  extremely  close  to  F.  longirottria,  which  is  common  in  the 
East  Indies.  The  American  species  differs,  however,  in  the  deeper  body 
and  the  much  larger  anal  spot,  which  is  almost  round  in  the  East  Indian 
species.  Rocky  Islands,  off  the  west  coast  of  Mexico;  numerous  speci- 
mens from  Clarion  and  Socorro  islands,  6  to  8  inches  in  length.  (^H««t- 
mtM,  very  yellow.) 

ForeipigtT  flavitrimut,  JoKDAN  &.  HcGrsoob  HS.,  Clarion  and  Socorro  islands,  Revil- 
lacigedo  Archipelago.  (Type,  No.  5709,  L.  S.  Jr.  Unir.  Mns.  Coll.  Rlcbsrd  C.  He- 
GregOT.) 

659.  CH£TODON*  (Artedi)  Linnaius. 

(UUTTEKFLY-FIflHlS.) 

Cheetodon,  Abtkdi,  Oeneia,  51, 1738  (numentus  species,  the  first  one  mentioned  belonging 
to  Pomaeanthus;  nonbinomial). 

Telragonoptnu,  Kledi,  Historia  Piaclom,  37,  174t  (many  species:  ttrialut.  etc.;  non- 
binomial). 

duOodon,  LnrnxCB,  Systema  Natnnc,  Ed.  x,  272, 1758  (inclndiw  all  known  ChatodotitUUr). 

Ohatodon,  Cl'ViBS,  R^gne  Animal,  Ed.  11,  Vol.  2,  189,  1820  (itnattM,  eapittratiii;  Urst 
restriction  of  the  name  to  the  present  group). 

Jltlbdophonu,  SwAncsoN,  Class'u  Fi»bi!8, 11,  21,  1830  (ephippium). 

OUharardut,  Kxllr,  Wicgniaun's  Archiv,  1860  (m^i/eri). 

Linophora,  Kavp,  Wiegmann's  Arcliiv,  1860  (aurt^a). 

Sarotkrodut,  Giu.,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  .Sci.  Pblla.  1862,  21)8  (Chcetodoti  Cuvier,  nte  Artkdi; 
offered  as  a  substitute  for  Chcetodtm,  tbo  latter  name  being  trnnsferrod  to  I'omacan- 
thus). 

TholieMhys,  Gt'NTHKB,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hint.  1868,  457  {ot$fui:  larval  fumi). 

Tetragojioptnu,  Hlkeker,  Kov.  Famille  Clia'to<lontoides,  52,  1677  (ttriatut). 

Ohtetodonlopt,  Bijckkkr,  I.  c,  53, 1877  (enllaris). 

Eemichcetodon,  Hleekeb,  {.c.,53, 1877  (eapi»lratu»). 

Lepidoehietodon,  liLEEKKB,  I. «.,  .M,  1877  (unimacutattu). 

Oonoehertodon,  III.BBKER,  {.  e.,5(,  1877  (triangvlum). 

Choftodvn,  Jordan  &  (iii.BEKT,  .'^ynopsia,  C14,  1883  (rt^strictiou  to  capistrattm) 

Anitoeh<Btodon,  KlCnzinoeb,  Flsche  dcH  Kotben  Miieres,  54,  1884  (auriga). 


*  Tbo  Linna-an  gentiH,  Choetodon.  is  batH-d  on  various  xpecieH,  cliifH  v  of  this  family,  the 
PotMuentridoe  an<l  Teiithididee.  Funikal.  in  1775,  removed  tin;  latter  ehniientH  to'  form 
his  subgenera  J &u<f<'/><i'/ und  Acanlhunit:  Pomaeanthuit  ami  //u(acanrA««  were  n-inovcd 
by  Lacepide,  and  by  Cuvier  the  genus  wan  limited  essentially  to  its  present  boundaries. 
One  of  the  two  Linnit'im  species,  striatus  and  cajiittratu* .  nieutiouod  by  Cuvier  must  be 
regarded  as  the  type  of  Chatodim.  Of  these  ttriatxtt  was  ehoseu  as  type  of  Tflrafiimop 
tenn,  which  woula  apparently  leave  capittratua  as  the  typo  of  Clurtoaon.  The  use  by 
Sleeker  of  ChtHodoyi  for  I'omacanthui  is  .justified  only  by  "the  )>eculiar  rules  of  noineucla- 
ture  adopted  by  Blocker.  Tliis  co<le  recognized  preLiiiiiivan  genera,  and  made  tlie  tirst 
species  mentioned  nnder  a  new  generic  name  as  the  type  of  it. 


Uoily  short,  deej),  very  strouRly  <oriipre*8ed,  especially  iibove and  1>obiiid  ; 
head  eiuiill.  cuiupresMed,  nluioKt  everywhere  ttculy,  month  very  smull, 
terniiaal,  the  jiiwsprovidi'J  with  long,  slendiT,  tlexible,  l>riHtlu-]ike  teeth; 
vomer  »onietime«  vfith  teotb;  preoi>er<'ulmn  entire  or  a»:»rly  no,  without 
spine.  Dorsal  lin  siuKie,  cuntiniiQnB^  uot  notched,  the  spiuuua  part  lougor 
than  the  soft  p»rt,  of  ahuut  13  8piiii<8,  the  spiuex  imt  Kradiiatod,  soniu 
of  the  middle  oneg  being  louder  thnn  the  iMt;  loAt  rays  of  aol't  dorsal 
usually  rivpidly  Hbort<Mio4,  Home  of  tboiu  occooinDivlIy  lilnmentoii.t  (in  East 
Indian  spcrioe):  ciiudiil  peduncle  oliort,  the  caudal  fiu  Inn-abaped;  nnal 
kimilur  to  soft  dorsul,  precedetl  by  3  or  4  strong  spines.  Body  covered 
with  rather  large  ctouoid  scales,  somewhat  irregular  in  tbi-ir  .irrangemont; 
the  later.il  lino  curved,  high,  parallel  with  the  back,  (iill  openings  riither 
narrow,  the  [ucmbr.-iues  urtrrowly  joined  to  the  isthiuna;  branchiostogalit 
6.  A  very  laryo  genus  of  singular  and  beautiful  fishes,  abnnnding  in  the 
tropical  seas,  especially  about  vob-anic  rocks  aud  coral  reefs;  most  of 
thoni  have  the  body  crossed  by  transverse  black  bars.  They  are  all  very 
active,  feetling  on  small  animals,     (xninf,  brittle;  oSovi,  tooth.) 

a>  Sjcalea  oii  trunk  uli  anbeqnitl,  their  pusleriur  marginB  roguliU'ly  roimdeil.    Ifooe  of 
the  r*y8  "f  t)io  son  iloriMil  produroit. 
CB..«T0IKinT0P«  iCIurloiliit :  wil>,  iipprsnincu) : 
>.  S«rl«i  of  Dcoliiii  beluw  lixia  of  liutly  rinmlnK obliiiuvly  npwanl  Mid  bsckward,  tbc  low- 
ejit  buuomiiiK  inuto  »r  Icai  1iiirir.uul«I. 
c.  Uoular  bscil  eitendiog  from  uu|>«  only  to  rje-,  n  truaveroo  liaiid  )>ot«eoii  oy«a. 

niiiniHosTids,  2U85. 
V0.  Oonlar  band  B^tvading  from  nsp«  l>eyond  ey«  x^riNw  Ui>.'  cb•^ek  nud  iiit«<ru])ernlo. 
if.  B4U<<  of  soft  donal  with  a  lurg^  blaok  spot,  uot  oooUat«d. 

(xraixATus,  zona. 
M.  Bas«  uf  soft  donsl  witboat  block  sikiI. 

r.  IlniiienI  band  prmciit.  HmxRAUS,  2067. 

w.  Haiucral  band  atwent 

/,  Body  with  u  dark  baud  between  dontal  and  anal,  no  caadal 
ooelliis. 
g.  Ocular  Imnd  nlged  witli  yellowish  or  whltl<b  ubuvn,  soft 
dortiid  an4  anal  with  luuch  ldAt.'l>.    i>tDlcNrAkius,  2IM8. 
gg.  OcQlar  baud  jft  black,  not  white  edgfd:  soft  duraol  and 
anal  wilboiit  black.  ATA,  308S. 

//.  Body  wltbnitt  liUutk  croM  luiiMtt,  the  ocular  iMinduuly  proiwDt 
lui  QMllax  DD  caudal  p«<liiiH'lti.  at.kiiatl's,  'J09V 

CiLCTOOON : 

bb.  SvrieS  of  sealea  Ik-Iow  \xi%  of  iHHfy  uxtvndlnj;  doivnwriril  and  Ifuckwiiril,  furniiug  au 

angle  Willi  Iboau  alHive.  i-acb  4<>rii>«  iiiiirLtuI  by  »  continuoun  black  itroaV. 

A.  llody  without  oocUl,  cnia-wd  by  durk  bunds.  stkiaiis,  aoui. 

hh.  Ilotlv  Willi  a  lur;n>  black  ocelliin  lielnw  loft  dursai.  CArisraATl'M.  2V1K!. 

AAA.  Il4>d.\  with  "  iicrlll.  a  largo  uuc  on  candal  peduncle  and  a  suiallcr  uu<'  tm  lint 

8  ur  »  ion  rays  of  donul.  bbicei,  JiWI. 


Subeenua  CHVeTODONTOPS,  nirek^r. 
MU.  CHXTODO.t  Kir.KIRONTIlIS(r.Ul). 

D.  XII,  21;  A.  Ill,  20;  scales  U.     Body  deep,  the  depth  1{   in  extreme 
leuglh;  snout  little  produced,  its  leugth  less  than  tbatofeyc;  ocular  baud 
extending  from  dorsal  ouly  tu  eye,  not  across  the  cheek;  muzzle  with  a 
3030 28 


1674         Dullciin  ^y,  Uniled  States  National  Museum. 


blnclcish  biiiid;  a  trausvorsc  band  between  the  eyuB,  much  uarrower  than 
eye;  it  buml  betuetMi  <le>rsal  I'm  ami  inierorbital  arc%i,  clescendiu*;  to  t^tn- 
pleniinil  1)orilei'i-(l  tvitb  whitish;  another  acroM dorsal  tin,  cniida]  peduncle, 
and  near  margin  of  anal,  tbo  :interiqf  margin  of  which  cxtoiidfl  from  the 
base  of  the  iintoriur  noft  rays  tu  luilla  of  aiiul  fiu;  caudal,  prodiici-d  part 
of  dorsal,  nmr^iii  of  aiinl,  luid  fill  of  jwctoral  and  ventral  tins  pale.  Cape 
8nn  LiicaH;  only  the  original  typi-s  knowu.    {n«V<*,  black;  ro»\rHm,  ]>eak.} 

SaroOiTitint  itujririutrxM.  UiLi,  Vnir.  Ac.  Mat.  S«i.  PblU.  1882, 34.'!,  Cape  San  Lucas       CuU. 

XantUH.) 
Vhittodon  ui>/rii-««<rur, .lOHiiAX  .V  cliuiHitT,  I'rofi.  V.  S.  Nat.  Muh.  1882,  MS;  BlQKXSLLXiC  {l 

KoiUHKU,  I.  r.,  7, 18(i7. 

SOM.  l'H.i:TU»<)>i  orKLLATVN,  Bloeh. 
(t'AIIOBt;  IDAUBUTA  DK  IJi.  ALTU.) 

Head  3;  di<pth  U.  D.  XII  or  XlII,  20:  A.  Ill,  Ii!;  Hcales  B-34-15  31  In 
a  median  ai'riox.  Ifoity  siibrhotiibntdHl,  the  antfirior  )irulile  concave;  Huont 
Houiewhut  prmliiicd,  biiiHcr  thiin  eye  in  aiUilt;  laterul  lino  extending  to 
below  posterttii'  third  nf  suft  dors^al ;  dorsMi  and  uual  liua  iin);ulatod  behind. 
Color  tjoldtHi  t^:iy;  u  largo  nonocellatod  black  spot  on  base  of  soft  dorsal, 
ail  indiBtinrt  band  extending  vertically  from  this  spot  to  base  of  anal;  a 
siiiall  black  npot  on  tip  of  Hot't  doraut  (uot  prescut  in  yonng);  ocular  band 
usinowf.T  thau  ey<",  oxteiulinj;  from  in  front  of  dorsiil  through  eye  and 
oxer  iut<;ri>perele;  no  hmneral  luind;  a  black  .<tpot  on opercle  above.  West 
luiliaii  riitina:  coitiinon  at  Havana,  tho  young  Htrayiiig  iiorthwanl  in  the 
(inir  Stri'aiii  to  New  JiTsey  aud  Kbuilc  Ishiud.  {otellatue,  with  eye-like 
spots. ) 

Vhirtmiun  MtUalu;  nu>cil,  Icblhulogla,  lil.  'iU,  rie.2. 1787. 

OhiHni/«»  <>imuen(a'iM,  Bu)ci[,  Irtilliulugiu,  iil.319.  11^.  1,  1700;  CCVIKB  Jt  VAUEMriDrMMS, 

Hint.  Nut.  Pniti!.,  vn,  67, 1831 ;  PoxY,  Mwiiiirtoji,  11, 371,  I8«):*G(:irrBKm,  C«i.,  il,  l>,  IMO; 

Jordan  d  «!iuiriit,  Syuopst*,  9M,  1883. 
SarolhTodtu  inarufonricrtit,'  (tlix,  Troc.  Ar.  Kat,  Sri,  PbiU.  1801, 99,  Newport, R.  I.;  young. 
SarnthruJun  aw;ifrjriV"//M,  PoEv,  Kuiinierntio,  A3,  IK?.*},  Cuba;  yocing, 
OhirU'ilan  maciiloeincliui,  JuUijas  ,V.  lin.HiCBT,  Synoimio.filA,  1883. 
VhaloduH  utellatu/i,  KKJES1IA.V.N  4  Hobni.no,  1.  c,  7, 1887. 

2UK;.  niKTODOJf  III  MKKAI.IS,  Giinllier 
(MU^KCS;   1)111.1.  KlKIll 

IfeadS;  dopthU;  eye  3.  I), XIII, I'D;  A.  111,17;  scales  (»-S0-17.  Hody 
deep,  the  back  elev:iteil,  the  ])riirilti  steep  and  .'ilifrbtly  concave  or  Htraigbt; 
auoiit  very  nlightly  prodnied,  shorter  than  eye.    Scales  rather  large;  aU 


•Ckirlmtnn  mtinilneinetuii  (Gn.L).  Head  2i;  lieplh  li'  !'•  XII,  19;  A.  III.  17.  Body 
Bulwrlili  iiliir,  cliHu'ly  cumiircH.ned;  profllu  Htevp,  concave,  tlm  gliorl  snout  projoctiOK ; 
iiiuittii  rrry  «n)ii]l,  iiiaxillnry  nr>t  rrArlathLT  tl)i<<  \x'rt|c'nl  fniiii  tin*  nntfrior  aonlrtl;  caiitlai 
]HMliiu<rlit  vrry  itliurt ;  tutf^nil  line  brginnJiiK  at  iippi-r  iitii;Io  of  (»percli>.  ruiiiiiug  obliquely 
unwftril  to  opposite  I  lip  liano  itf  mift  JorBiil  niiil  tln-ii<l(Hurvo<l.  cmliuf;  <i[i|H)!.it«  extrendlT 
tir  nori  ilomal.  (HivHremiit,  dttrker  abovp;  a  ilark-brun-n  liiiufl  fri)ii>  Ufgiiinins  nf  donuiii 
Uu  <)l>lii|uv1y  forward  IhrnaKti  eyo  ntid  acruoa  tliu  clieokH;  a  Mvconil  \iut  lM-(;iiinlDK  In  a 
liliilrli  on  gu'n  itorBal,  runs  vurticalty  aprons  tbo  body.  Atlantic  eooat  in  the  triilf  Stroam ; 
doubtlvae  tbo  young  of  Cliatvilon  ocfltatxu. 


Jordan  and  Evermonn. ^Fishes  of 


4(«M»]f<»- 


1675 


in  Neries  rnuning  upward  and  backward,  the  Bories  iiot  markml  by  contln- 
iiiiUH  lilack  (ttreaks,  eitln^r  plnitt  <tr  with  dusky  spota;  latorul  lino  e»(t«nd- 
iiig  to  below  iioBtvrior  end  of  Fmt't  d<>rnul,  (.'(dor  ;i;uldun  Krny;  the  blaek 
orubir  biiiid  iiLtrrowor  ih.in  e>e,  e«igi*d  with  palti,  cxtcudiiitf  ('niin  uajio 
uiTosa  oj'r  iiiiduvurchurk  iiiid  iutiTopercle;  hiiiin-T;il  liaiid  [ire>eiit,  5iro;idi'r 
than  (lyp,  extt'iidiiif;  Inuii  trciiit  of  H[dni>uH  diirnnl  riiiu(i<;b  l>tt««  of  pi'i-toriil 
to  ventral ;  :■  bmad  bund  rriiiii  iast  ilurHul  xpiiiex  (o  b.i^e  uf  \\\\..\\ ;  Kvft  dor- 
sal and  aiiiil  with  w  d:irk  hand  piirailol  with  th«  m.-irg^iii;  H  dark  bands 
uci'osN  caudiil  pi'diiiiidf  at  b;i»i«>  of  (in;  landal  fin  with  a  faint:  bund;  ven- 
tnilHilurk;  )iucliiial  and  (■d<,'(-'.sof  rortiral  linHpule.  i'u(Mli(.'  cosiHt  of  tropical 
Aiiterica  frnm  (iiiuyjo.iM  to  I'auiitiia;*  very  fominoti,  L>sp«4:ially  about  rocks, 
Length  M  iiicheK.  A  hitndsoutu  litlk^  lisb.  (Aameroli*,  portainlng  to  the 
shoulder  from  tlio  broad  humeral  band.) 

Chittadon  hwrnrrtilit,  lil'NTllKIt,  Uat.,  1).  IB,  1800,  Sandwich  Ulanda  (by  onar);  CiUNTIIKR, 
FiHliMi  Ccntriil  Ainorira,  410,  pi.  (STi,  tli;.  3,  I8C(l-  Kii'.k,niia.se(  ^  Hok.mmu,  <.  e.  «*,  1887; 
KvKiiii.m.N  i  Jexkiks.  I'roi).  V.  S.  Nat.  Mub.  1«»1,  IflO. 


S0N9.  CH.VTOiiOX  NKDK.XTAUM'K,  Pooy. 

\Wm\  ;|i.  ;  diiptli  13.  II.  Xlll,  L':i;  A.  HI,  19;  .sen lea 7-38-17 ,  Hcdy  r.itlu-r 
deep,  tbo  luirk  tdnvated;  snotit  siibciniical,  .soimiwhat  priKhieml,  Boarwdy 
an  liiUK  iiM  <'ye,  the  prolilo  conLioe.  Dorsal  .iiid  anal  Hoiiii'wbiit  rouiidod 
Itehind.  Kowh  of  ttraloa  extending  upward  jiiid  backward  on  nppt^r  partH 
iif  body,  those  aliove  most  objitiue.  tbomt  of  siiles  of  bidly  inontly  nearly 
hori/ontrd ;  no  dark  streakH  aloii^'  HcalcB.  Roily  ytdlowish,  dusky  above; 
ocular  blind  dusky,  very  broiul  above,  narrower  below,  e<ljfed  with  whit- 
ish alHive  in  frunt,  aud  broadly  luar^iued  with  yellow  behind  itbove, 
ci»ittiuiied  below  Bero.-w  the  iiiti'toperde,  the  edftiu;;!!  riierj^inn  below  to 
Bilvory;  n  very  broad  darl<-browii  vertical  band  from  extremity  of  dorsal 
across  tail  over  jiostmior  lialf  of  soft  dorsal  and  nnul,  edjjed  behiud  with 
white;  caudal  iiud  veutrats  pale.  West  Indies;  rather  scarce;  onr  speci- 
men taken  by  the  Albaironi  at  St.  Lucia,     {itedtntariui,  tjuiet,  prone  to  sit.) 

Chrtladun  triientitriiiji.  I'OKV,  Mniuorian,  II,  20:i,  1H<0,  Cuba:  KKSb-VHAKN  &  Uoiinlso,  I.  e., 

8,  1887. 
Chertodmi  grtuUui,  CUlNTiiEH,  Cut.,  u,  2(1,  1800,  Caribbean  Sea;  West  Indie*. 
Sarothrodu*  Mdmtanas,  PuEV,  SynopaU,  304,  18<ig. 


«)8«.  ('I11:T0U0.\  AVI,  Jordan. 

Head  2i;  depth  11;  snout  2}  in  head.  I).  XII,  18;  A.  HI,  !7;  scales 
9-,S6-17.  Body  short  iiud  deep,  strongly  compretused.  Suotit  narrow, 
sharp,  eouHidenibly  produced,  its  outline  formiug  in  front  of  eye  a  sharp 
angle  with  tlio  [iroHIe  of  the  head;  anterior  profile  «t«op  ami  stratjijlit 
from  before  eye  to  lirst  dorsal  spiuo;  eye  lartfe,  about  as  lonj;  as  snout 
<in  young),  a  little  lous?t'r  than  post-orbital  part  of  head.  Dorsii!  lin 
high,  the  second  spiite  highest,  very  strong,  s^  lon^  as  head;  soft  dortal 


*  Krroneoualy  attril>uted  to  th«  Sandwivb  lalauda  by  Ur.  UUotlidrt  Ibo  types  probably 
from  Paoaiua. 


hi^'li,  higbiTtbau  the  post«rior  spiuen,  the  longeitt r:( vs  alHtiU  ^  head:  ana 
aiiuilnL'  to  Hoft  (lorAsl,  its  hccoikI  spine  stonter  tfaau  third,  :uid  about  equall 
ti)  it  in  luDgtb,  about  i  luugtb  <>f  bead;  cuiiilal  lio  soniowbat  rounded,  l}f 
in  bead;  veiitralst  uut  i|uit«  rearbinj^  anal;  pectorals  still  shorter.     Scale 
of  uioderate  si/o,  thi'  HOlt  ]>.irts  of  tbo  vertical  (iiis  less  Bcaly  tiinn  usual;] 
liilei-al  line  running  very  bi^li  /ind  cciisiiiy  aliniptly  under  first  ray  of  sofkl 
dors.'d.     Color  in  spirits,  light   yellowish,  with  2  oblique  Jct-bl:u-k  i-ro>«.| 
baudH,  and  no  other  spots  or  ocelli,  lirst  baud  iuvolving  lirst  aud  second 
dorwtl  iipinca,  thcu  exteudinjj  downward  and  forward,  closi-  behind  the 
liueiif  tbo  ]troliln  and  across  the  eye  and  ncruss  the  cheek,  where  it  is 
fainter;  tltiH  baml  !i  litllc  narrower  than  tlieoyc;  tbo  taccoud  band  mora 
tb.'in  twiciv  as  broiul  na  the  lirst,  begiiiiiing  Kbniptly  nith  nearly  all  t]i(< 
ninniVirauc  of  the  fourth  and  fifth  dorsnl  spines,  covering  the  tifth  spine 
from  its  biise  to  near  its  tip;    the  posterior  bonier  of  the  black  band 
extvniling  from  near  the  tip  of  tho  fourth  spine  in  a  straight  line  acroM 
the  diirMal  fin  aud  the  body  to  near  the  buse  of  the  last  nnul  ray;  tbsj 
autui'iur  nuir^in  runs  in  ii  wUghtly  citncavc  line  fruni  the  base  of  the  fourth 
spine  to  the  middle  of  thu  bnse  of  tbo  anal ;  the  lower  border  follows  the 
base  of  the  iiu:il  tin  wttliout  including  any  nf  it;  this  band  broadest  on 
the  dorsal  liu  and  gradually  narrows  downward;  middle  line  of  foreheail 
with  a  <luHky  sbuile;  no  dark  on  soft  doi'snl,  caudal,  caudjil  peduncle,  aital, 
pectorals,  veutrals,  orojjerclcs.    (Jiilf  of  Mexiuo,  in  rather  drep  water;  the] 
type  1^   iucbcH  long,  taken  from   the  stomas;]!  of  ycomo-iiit  aya  ou  the 
Sniipfier  Kanka.     (/(jyi,  specific  name  of  the  lish  [^Seitmnni*  aya)  in  wb>i^6 
stomach  the  type  specimen  was  found.) 

Chtelodon  aya,  JuBOAN,  I'rnc.  1°.  S.  Xnt.  Man.  1886, 225,  Snspper  Banks,  near  Pcnaacola, 
Florida  (Type,  Ko.  97747.    Coll.  Jordiui  &  Stoorst);  EioBNUiKii  fc  Howruto,  L  a.,  u 

X887. 

a099.  CH^KTODOX  AT^IfliTrs  (Pooy). 

Body  oval,  the  depth  2  in  total  length;   eye  3j  in  hoiMl  (3  in  young 
of  llucb;;  scales  not  iu  series,  having  contrary  ilirections  as  in  Chtrtuilumi 
capiiitrnluii;  Hcales  in  hitcral  Jitie  %'>,  the  scries  rudiug  at  end  of  dorsal. , 
Color  steel  gray;  tins  yellow  iali ;  ocular  band  present,  but  no  other  cross  i 
bauds;  below  end  uf  laterul  line  and  abuvu  middle^  of  caudal  peduncle  a 
black ocelluH smaller thun  in  (.'hatodon  rapistratut.    Huvaua  (I'oey );  known 
from  one  '\ery  youug  Bpeciuieu,  uulesn    Chivluihii  iiiiiiolor  is  the  same  spo- 
oie«,  as  i,t  probable,     (it-,  without;  rrt/r/a,  ribbon  or  band.) 

Sarulhrodiu  alimintu.t,  Poky,  S}rua|i«i»,  93;I,  1808.  Havana. 

/  Cha-lodoH  unieulor, '  Sai'VAok,  Jtall.  Sci.  I'hlUmi..  iv,  222,  \m),  Martinique.    (C«U.  B«laii. 
gpr.) 


•Thefnllowlniili  tliooriglnnldcurriptlonof  f/irt^flifon  unwolor;  D.XIII.IB;  A.!!!,!."!; 
iMl.iu.  Hniiti'iir  (111  nirps  (M>nl«uuu  deux  fiiiii  (Iliiin  la  lunuuear.  >ti]ieaTi  ]Kiinlii,  iin  iifiii 
plu»  lmiei|iio  li-iliiiim^lrudB  l"t«il;  [inMijiorcuiiMli'Dtvli'.  Cornndenilfur  Inline  uuiforme, 
rtiiuttruul  itur  l«<los:  uue  luiiiilf  >x-iilaErc  ilroile;  Hx(rt'iiiit<<  di*  la  rlornule  aiolleet  de  las'- 
ale  de  vauleiir  claire;  vi>nl.r.>il«»  grlaHtreH.  Lougvur  O.BO  m.  Marlliii<|ue.  lU'lauser.  1 
iuniculoT,  uuoKWlared.f 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1677 


«091.  ('lt£TODO?r  KTRIATUK,  Linnii-us. 
(HDTTEHrLV.) 

IIead3;depthU;eye3;.  I>.  XII  or  XI,21;  A.III,«;  H<-aleH8-IO-lH.  Bmly 
ovate,  foiiiiircsseil,  thii  aiiteriof  jirolik'  Hniiu'wliiit  (■oiic»\<''.  Soft  Joinul  and 
noal  somewhat  augulutu  lu'tiind;  auont  little  prtidiicutl,  vnry  little  longer 
tlian  i\vo.  St-rica  of  seniles  abovo  latri-a.1  Itiiu  runuiug  iipwurd  ami  hack- 
ward,  1<>(<8  stmiifht  than  in  ChnioAon  rapUtratun,  iibiivi.Min<l  IttOaw  with  ■ 
rontiniiotm  hlack  sti-cuk,  vrhitb  ix  conitpiciioTifl,  the  ntreiikit  8onicwh»t 
tiiuliiliittt,  I'oiiver^tiiiit  backward.  S<Tii'8  of  scales  I>elow  n\\a  of  body  run- 
lilnj;  dowinvanl  and  liiickward,  inorB  ni^arly  horizontal  than  in  t'hiitodou 
cajiiglratut.  Bid"'  wliitiHh,  witji  narnf'w  liark  lines  bcUvcea  tlie  rows  of 
si'ules;  a  black  HtnjH*  iVom  occijiiit  tlironjjh  cyo  to  lower  sido  of  hoad;  a 
broad,  tliiHky  band  from  anterior  part  uf  dorsal  mrostt  wides  bidiiiid  jn'ctoral 
and  ventral,  not  hiding  the  lontiitiidiiial  luarkin^.s:  nuothi-r  siuiiliir  uuo 
from  posterior  [lari  crfspiiinos  dorsal  to  and  uitoks  uiiildle  of  anal ;  au  olivn 
band  across  caudal  pwhincje  and  rins  adjaci.-iit;  Hoft  dorsal  and  una)  lifjht 
at  base,  a  broad  olive  band  tbrougli  (niddtf,  tliiseilKed  with  Idack,  the  tips 
narrowly  yLdlovvinU;  4.-nudal  Hiititlar,  but  with  an  additional  coIorli'sB  mar- 
gin; olivt' luciltHnjis  at  basi' of  cauelal  J  iie<'tt»riil  colorloHs;  v«'ntriil  plain, 
dusky,  lighter  at  bust';  sonietiincH  a  large,  iU-dotiiied,  nwy  blotch  behind 
pi't'toral.  West  Indit-s  to  Brazil,  rather counuon  :  onr  specinii'ti  from  Buhia. 
(ifrio/M*,  striped.) 

ClKEtodon  maerolrjiiiiilm,  Unris  NtHnviM  tribut  nigrU  lotii,  ABTEDt,  Sjoop«iR,  Bfr,  17%;  nn 

locality. 
Jrabnu rattro  rrfitxo fateiii  lateralUuu MbvufuMU.  LnraxDS,  &ni(nii.  Ac,  I, UGi.  17Mt  •ftor 

A8TEDI. 
ChaUidon  ttrUilu*,  Ll>lM.«l'g,  Sy»t,  N«t..  Ed,  X,  275,  17M,  India  <»fter  Cliatodon  macruUiii- 

dolui,  o\c.,  Aktedi);  Ci'vieu  a  VAt.«N(lKXxr»,  Hist.  Nat.  Polw.,  vii,  10,  1831;  ToBr, 

Memoriiis,  ll.:<7l,  I8M):  lifMHKk.  Cat..  n,B,  IMW;  KlQEiniANN  &  Uo«HI!ta,{.e.,8, 1887. 
HafOlhrodul  ttriaHu,  Pui£Y,  HvDupsiit,  352.  IMS. 

Subgenus  CH^TODON. 


2U»d.  ni.l'ITODII.N  ririSTHATCS,  Linneu*. 
iVA.ur.Ht..') 

Head  31;  doptli  1?.  D.  XIII  (or  XII).  lit;  A.  Ill,  17;  Boales  (M2-17, 
Rudy  nid  v-rry  dwp,  the  back  modi'rat4?ly  elevated,  the  atit^-rior  prolilo 
Boniewliat  coiiciivt-;  snont  somewhat  pnidiicod,  as  loitj;  as  the  <-*y«*;  soft 
dorsal  and  anal  fins  imgulatwl  bciiind;  dorsal  spines  rather  sli-ndt^r; 
scales  rather  large,  their  arrangenifnt  peculiar,  thosn  above  the  levi'l  of 
the  upper  part  of  the  eye  placed  in  Mtraight  scries  which  run  upward  and 
backward,  those  bcdow  this  lino  in  series  riinnin);  similarly  downward  anil 
backward,  each  si-ries  of  scalee  beinj;  shiii-pty  ninrki'd  by  a  continuous 
blackish  Mtreak  on  the  skin  underneath  the  scales.  Ocular  band  black, 
edged  on  both  sides  with  whitej  much  narrower  than  eye,  and  ext-eudiuK 
across  eye  and  rlieek.  the  2  meeting  on  the  nape;  a  very  large  jct-bluck 
spot,  i  Itriiitdcr  than  eye,  broadly  ocelluted  with  whitish  on  body  below 
soft  dorsal;  soi't  anal  and  caudal  oatli  with  a  brown  band  licconiitig  bhiok 


1078  Dulkfin  ^y.  United  States  National  Museum. 


oil  Hucli  r<l((e,  tlie  iiiiu  on  cauilHl  most  •li><tiuot;  the  edg«'(i  of  verticnl  fla» 
itbriipt.ly  pull'.  Loiijjtii  li  itirlies-  Wnst  Indies,  generally  coiniuou;  our 
iipei'iuieiis  i<x:iiiiiiiei1  from  lliivuiiii.  A  uiost  beftiitiful  little  fUh.  {capi- 
slratua,  'weiiriii';  a,  britlli'  or  lioitdilrcHS. ) 

Cliatuilmt  eaintlritlui,  I.lKN.ltl'ii,  Syiit.  KaL.  Eil.  X,  275,  nS^,  India;  oii  a  spis<!tm(«n  in  Miu. 

AdolphFrwIoriclj  Ci'Vibr  &  VAiJiWiKiftfKB,  llUt  Nat.  Pi)U.h.,vii,<H,  1831 ;  Ol'imna. 

Cat.,  n,  12, 1800;  JOUDAN  Si  aiLblUT,  S.vnopala,  IMO,  1883 :  ElQUniANM  ie.  IIOBJcufo.  1. 1. 

».  1W7. 
SaroUmHlut  eapirtratiit,  I'oEY,  EnnmivniLit),  02, 187&. 

aa»s.  niKTiiiHix  iinii  ki,  n.  m.  smfth. 

TTeftil  alidiitH;  tlc-pth  1!;  uyu  largti^  L'';  in  hcail.  I>.XIII,20;  A. III.  18; 
BCnlt'x  tl— 1(>-17.  liofJy  uliort.,  iloo{i,  fniil  nilipli  coniprpasetl;  prtifiU-  8t<*(>p, 
itliKbtl.v  r.oiiVtix;  liuail  rather  lorgo,  pciintoil;  nioiitli  Buiall,  tcriuiual;  Rnoiit 
lint  )irii<iin-t'<l,  [;  li'ii>;tli  of  pyt" ;  lator!\l  liim  li«if;iiiiihi{;  at  posterior  e«lgc  of 
eye,  riirviii);  upwiinl  iitul  liin;kwiiri),  tiiid  tiTniiuatiiifr  iimliT  anterior  pari 
<if  aoft  <]rii'H:i1  lin;  Bi-iilcB  lar>;«.  tlio  ruws  aliovf'  longitiulinul  axis  of 
bo<ly  ilirocNid  tipujird  iiinl  Imckward,  those  lielow  inclined  slightly  (town- 
wind.  Cainlnl  peiliiiK'lo  very  short,  iiliont  ii*<  hroiul  ns  pyc.  Dorsal  long, 
fil(nat<-il,  l!ic  hiiiffi'ftt.  Kpine  V  Innftli  of  hi'iid;  soft  dorsal  evenly  rniiailed ; 
linNiil  liiilf  of  liiiili  pi>rl  iiiiiH  ol'  fill  thickly  covered  with  am.ill  Hcalus;  dor- 
Hiil  itri|j;iii  opponitn  pofcti-rinr  edge  of  opiTcIe;  ttnul  tin  deep,  long,  roiind«<d, 
tbo  proxiniiil  ji  of  t^nft  portion  diMiaely  Hi|uaniated,  thi3  small  sciiles  nlao 
rnvitrln{r  tho  liiiai^ii  of  m^cttud  and  third  .tpiiica;  cuiidjil  Hbort,  rounded; 
pi'r't4)rHlN  )[  leiigrh  of  hriid,  roHiidrd;  vmitntls  txa  loiii;  ns  p<>i'toralfi.  poiuted. 
Colors  ill  lil'p:  (i'lurul  liody  color,  puiirly  griiy;  aglisli^ning  jot-Mni-k  hand 
iihoiit  'i  wiiltji  of  oy<>  ami  having  a  forward  onrve  l»'giniiing  a  short  dis- 
tnin-f  ill  front  n(  dorsiil  ami  extending  dowmvard  Ihroiigli  I'yu  and  thciu'c 
iltiwiiward  and  l>a<kw«rd  t<>  lower  margin  of  gill  0|n'niiig;  this  not 
I'Xteiiidin^  on  ftroiiMt  iind  hinict^  not  iiiHi-ttng  ii;!  fellow  of  the  oppoAite 
aido;  abovt)  nyo  this  stripe  is  bordered  on  each  side  by  a  vriy  narrow  pale 
Htroak;  a  dull  hhnkiali  band,  Ij^  times  an  wide  :is  oyo,  rnuning  vcrtii-ally 
aiTOsn  body  (ram  hasu  of  dorna!  to  median  line  of  alxlonieii ;  the  anterior 
liordi-r  of  this  band  i'\tnnding  from  front  of  <lor«al  to  poMtwrior  .-ingle  of 
opercb',  thiMire.  obliipii-ly  downward  timl  backward  liehind  base  of  pectoral ; 
behind  thitt  b.ind  and  separated  from  it  by  a  spai-o  Bomowhat  wider  than 
eye  i*  another  dark  band,  d  idler  and  J  wider,  with  its  anterior  edge  cur>-ed 
forward  and  its  piMtt^rior  margin  on  tlie  raudnl  pi>diiii<-le;  involving  abunt 
}  width  of  thin  band,  and  extending  from  dorsal  to  ventral  eilgo  of  body 
is  a  largi',  (.ircntar  orolhis,  more  than  1)  times  eye,  consifiting  of  a  durk- 
bliio  spot  surrounded  by  a  narrow  vvhiti'  /.on«,  wliirb  rovers  a  jiiirt  of  thi- 
base  of  the  soft  doiHiil ;  iiiimcdialely  ahove  this,  and  within  the  extension 
()t>  the  dors.-il  tin  of  the  dark  baud,  is  another  similar  but  Kmallor  ocellns. 
aliont  the  si/e  of  eyr,  involving  lirst  S  or  !t  rays  of  soft  dorsal;  a  narrow 
dark-brown  vortieal  bar  on  eaiidiil  iH'dniielc, separated  from  base  of  eandal 
r:iyH  nud  frniii  th:it  ]iart  of  the  lin>:iil  bi>dy  band  posterior  to  tb4i  ocellns  by 
narrow  white  spaees;  htiriil  in  front  of  oruljir  stripes,  and  breast,  greenish 
yellow;  ik  black  creacentic  mark  on   opt^rcle;  spiuons  dorsal  dnsky,  the 


4 


Jordan  and  Evennann. — Fishes  of  North  Atturica.     1679 


dark  vertical  l>antl  ext<'inli««  i>ri  tbi'  first  7Hpine«;  soft  iloreal  dark,  witb 
Rhftrply  delined  pnlo  odgp;  pnrt  of  ounl  covort^d  bj-  erales  dnaky,  -with  n 
unrruw  darker  murgiu ;  niiscaled  jiortioi)  ycllowisli  white;  oitudi*land]ioc- 
torals  |iale;  voiitriilH  dusky,  ed|;;cd  with  yollow.  I^n}rtb  l\  incho.g, 
WooUh  Iliile,  MasBSfhusetts;  ouly  tko  type  and  2  uthcr  spociiiieaH  known, 
all  i-idlectcd  liy  Dr.  H.  M.  .Smith  in  the  siiiiiiiier  of  1X97:  evidently  the 
ynnrifi;  of  Kometropicul  «p«(-ies  broiii^bt  north  in  the liiilf  Stream.  (Nitinful 
for  Capt.  .fobn  J.  Brice,  U.  8.  Coiumissiuuer  of  Fish  imd  Fisheries.) 
lHumtntioii  brii-ri,  H-  M.  Sjiith,;Bu1I,  r,  S.  Ki^h  roioin,  iei97,li|>.  >«2-m3,  wiih  plui..,  >Voods 
Hole.     (TviH-No.4Ma«) 

66o.  POMACANTHUS,  Lttr.^p.de. 
(("imi£\'tTA.'». ) 

Pnrn«,eanlhm,  LAfKPKHK,  HUt-  Nat,  PoU"..  iv,  ".IT,  1803  (arfuahu,aa  restricted  byCuvler). 

roinacanlhuJri,  Gll.1.  rrw:.  Ai'.  N'uLSci.  Pliilik.  18)12,244  {zuuiptclut^. 

Ohirlodcn,  IlLKEKKH.  Arofi.  Xrilsrl.  .S'l.  Nat.,  Ill,  5.  Itt78  (trAUnlVrritl  V.J  dpavlvB  cif  I'oina- 
«jHtAiu,  OA  thu  tint  aiieclet  or  Cha-todoH  iiu>ntiuDcd  by  Artvdl  beluiigA  to  lb<i  liiUcr 
icroiip,  ami  tljv  firitt  »p«ci«R  iiicationed  by  Lsc^iiMo  unilur  i'o-inacatUAw  ti«loiig>  to 
Zanclxn). 

Bo«ly  much  compressed  and  elevated,  covered  with  wniall  scahis,  .imong 
whidi  smaller  odch  :irc  di8tribiit«d  so  that  tht>  series  are  not  diittiiirt;  pre- 
operdo  witb  .-i  very  stroiii;  spine  at  itd  anj^le,  the  vertieal  limb  entire  in 
thendiilt,  usually  t»en'iihtte  in  theyount;;  iiiteroperck- entire  or  nuurly  8o; 
dorHnl  tin  entirely  scaly,  with  S  to  U  graduated  spiutMi:  soft  dorsal  iisinilly 
iniirb  «levat«(i  in  front;  anal  with  'i  Kniduiited  spiues;  brancliionteiiralii  6; 
air  bladder  with  2  {losterior  horns;  pyloric  cH-oa  nimierons.  Species  few, 
in  I  ho  tropical  scms;  chiefly  .\nieriean;  the  young  brilliantly  oidored.  the 
ivdnlt  usually  dull  colored.  The  species  vary  greatly  witb  age,  and  liavn 
iM<eii  almost  inextrirtibly  confused,  oa  the  ago  variations  itre  niueh  more 
striking  tbiiii  the  spcciiie  diwtinctioijs.  The  number  of  dorsal  spinea  is 
UHtially  diagnostic.     {Ttibftu,  operculum;  aifai'Oir,  spine.) 

r<lMAl'ANTlll;i*: 
0.  Ilfiraul  aiuiit-a  VIII  to  X.  39  to  U2. 

t>.  SejUi-H  111  liitcrAl  liii.'  ul I  5(1  U\  56;  ilnnwl  Vllt  or  IX,  .10  tu  3:!.     A    III,  21. 

Color  i>r  ulnlt  iil<<«l  gray  ur  Mt«rc>«ly  ynllowUli:  yniiii);  wUli  4  Mhltlah  t-Tima 

h&DllH.  AHiVATCS,  2<IIM. 

hl>.  Si-iUm  in  lalrrnl  lloeTOtnOOi    liorsal  ninally  X.  29  or  V.1,  anni  III,  23  or  34. 

Color  lilii«k  i»i«tiiU,  wltUylluw  mottlliiyH;  Uaneorpvrlot*!  y«llo«i\  yoiiog 

wilb  sfViTiil  ypUowlnh  inwn  liuud*  TABL*, ;.'00&. 

VriUKf  K%T\\Ofirj>  {I'unHKantliiit:  tUot.  IlkvnMs) : 

aa.  Iktmul  \1, 'j:3:  anallll.SO  10  22.    Adult  liTnwn.witli  n  ilnrk  iwrtnrnl  himdi  yoiine 

witb  about  5  yellow  curvMl  oroH  bam,  xumrtervs,  'Juw4. 

Subcenui  POMACANTHUS. 

ton*.  pomrA^iTiirK  akii  ins  ii,initieii»). 

iDuirK  Anon.:  CniaiviTA;  roaniaAM.I 

noad3i;  depth  IJ;  eyeSJ;  snout  L'i-  P.  VIll  or  IX,  30  to  32;  A.III, 
24;  scales  tt-.'>:t-27,  the  larger  hc4»I«*s  surrounded  by  smaller  ones;  caudal  tin 
roundptl.    Color :  ftdnlt  gruyiab  without  tinge  of  yellow,  the  center  of  each 


1080  Bulletin  47 >  United  States  National  Museum. 


aoa1«  Ulftckish.  the  pilpe  pearly  pray ;  head  Knd  vertical  finsdiiRky  pray.their 
tips  lilaokiali;  no  pale  stripe  bcforf  oye;  spat'o  liebiud  preojiercular  spine 
pale;  a  narrow  yellowish  bar  near  tip  of  cinidal,  foIIo^vo<l  by  a  dark  streak, 
the  tip  of  the  iiii  whitiali ;  pei't(»ral  yeDo-wi.sh,  esiiecially  its  inner  side  and 
ita  bftfiijl  half,  it«tip  transliicent;  no  orange  on  base  of  pectoral ;  lower  jaw 
pale  flesh  color;  vetitrnlei  brmvu.  yoUowish  at  tip;  younger  individala 
have  a  wliitinh  orotw  bar  on  the  anterior  part  of  body,  behind  which  are 
soiuotiiiiea  still  others;  in  alcohol  rich  ni8eet  brown,  the  black  spot  on 
each  sciilo  faded,  tLo  pearly  gray  o<lge  eatiny  white;  vertical  fius  browii, 
base  of  dorsiil  wilh  uunieroiiH  Miimtl  white  tipecke.  Luii^b  1^  to  '~  fe«t. 
West  Indioa,  ocriwionally  north  to  New  .lersoy,  south  to  Bahia.  Commoi]; 
like  the  other  ((jtecics  of  tlie  jiemis,  varyiiiji;  excessively  with  age.  Fre- 
itiieutly  tiikcn  with  i^peur  or  hook;  not  valued  as  ii  food-fisfa.  (arruafMO, 
arched,  relating  to  the  cnrved  cross  bands.) 

Cl'irlodon  arcuatug,  LmnjfXS,  Syiit.  Is'nt.,  Ed.  X,  273, 1758,  India ;  from  apnc.  Mii«.  Atl.  Fr. ;  D. 

Vllt,  9U:  duHky  with  5  dark  baoda ;  PoEY,  .Synopaia,  351, 1866. 
CJurtodan  arirev/i,  OLOca,  IchthsroL.pt.  IKI,  fig.  1, 1787.  Martinique  ;  on  a  drairin;;  by  Vvr- 

HiEB,  tUu  xpiiioH  9  in  the  Driginnl  drawing;  PoKT,  Synopaia,  aSO,  19A8. 
Ohirlmt,.!,  !ule»emi,  BoiTMATBRBE,  Eiicyrl.  Metli.,  182,  1788,  Jamaica  ;  aft«r  BiioWNa. 
Chittadon  Uttoritolo,  PoKV.  Synopaia,  351, 1BG8,  Cuba  (Cull.  Poey) ;  black  linn  bordttrml  niUi 

yvllowisli ;  fln  rayn  not  uouuled. 
J'omafanthut  balUatuj,  t'vviKK  Jt  ValkNCIENNES,  HlHt.  Nat.  Polaa.,  VII,  208,  1831,  Porto 

Rico  (Cull.  I'k-c( :  Poet,  MvmorUs.  11,371, 1861. 
I'oinnfauthui  cimjulatui,  CuriEK  «:  Vaucncienmes,  HlaU  Mat  roisa.,  Vll,  3M,  IS:il.  Weat 

Indica ;  probably  acnl  by  Pl*«  from  Porto  Klco. 
Po^imeanlhua  (/ui'n>/uecine(u<,  CuVIKK  Ic.  V'ALEJICIE!n(E8,  Hiat.  NaL  Poiaa.,  vn,  llfl,  1831, 

Weat  Indies,  probably  from  Porto  Rico. 
Pomaeanthiu  aurtwi,  Lac£p(LIiE,  IIUL  Kut.  Poiaa.,  IV,  S18,  1802;  CmniB  Ai  YAUtHCICindS, 

Hlat.Nftl.  I'lPlaa.,  Vll.  2K!,  1831;  Kkik-mmakn  i  HoEKIlio,  1,  c,  12,1887. 
T'ouiaeantlnu  pam.  OCnthkb,  Cal.,  il,  55, 1880:  iu  part. 
i>am<i«in</iuf  areualtu,  JoUOAN  &  Rtrn'EB,  Pmc.  Ai'.  Nat.  i^ci.  1807, 125. 

sons.  POHittAXTlllIK  PARtT  (Blocii). 


(Pauu;  Indian  Ftsh:  FLAxnaB.) 

Read  3i;  depth  IJ.  l).X,29or»0;  A.  Ill, 23  or  24 :  Hciiles  abont  fiS  in  a 
n]()di:m  serieH,  ^  to  90  in  the  series  above  the  lateral  Itue;  caudal  Qn  trnn- 
cate.  Color  black;  J'oiuiy  with  5  yellowish  cross  baiuLs,  tlio  first  on  the 
BDont,  the  second  acrosn  the  operi'le,  the  ihtrd  aiTns,H  the  Imdy  under  the 
tip  of  the  pectoral  (in,  the  fourth  uorosa  the  posterior  third  of  the  body, 
aud  the  ilftli  «>u  the  c:iudai  ]Te(iuucIe;  the  third  turns  biiek ward  above  .ind 
extends  along  the  outer  edge  of  tlio  dorsal  (In  to  its  tip  :  the  fourth  cri»«e.>* 
the  ;iMal  near  its  iiu'ddle  and  extends  liackivard  acrosH  dorsal  in  a  similar 
way;  base  of  pectoral  orange;  caudal  rounded,  its  bonier  not  ]iale;  moat 
uf  the  scales  cdguil  witli  yellow.  This  speiies  is  well  di8tiugiii$ihed  from 
Pomacanlhiui  arritatiin  at  nil  agcH  liy  the  smaller  scales  and  by  the  presence 
of  10  dorsal  spines  histoiid  of  9,  The  aihilts  of  tlic  2  f»rc  also  diH'crent  iu 
color.  In  I'omacanthitt  arciialus  eitcii  scale  has  »  whitish  crescent;  there 
is  a  white  stripe  from  eye  to  nostril;  the  caudal  and  doi-sal  without  jiale 
edge,  and  there  is  no  pale  area  1>ehind  preoperouhtr  aiiiiie.    Iu  both  spe- 


oios  the  yoniif;  show  pale  croBs  hands,  and  of  those  th«>  ono  1>elutiil  tlifl 
shoiililcr  {(ersista  Innjreal.  Length  »  foot  or  uiiir<>.  West  Iin]ie»,  south  to 
Bahia;  uot  rare  snutliward;  not  yot  rec<irdc<d  from  the  coast  of  the  United 
States.     {Parii,  a  firaziliau  name,  used  hy  Mnrcgruve.) 

Chatodon  paru.  Bu>cn,  lobtliyol.,  pi.  107,  tig.  1, 1787,  Bruil ;  on  a  drawing ;  Pdcy.  Synopaia, 

351,10118. 
PomacanthuM  areuaUi$,'  Cuttbb  &,  Valbhcibkrbb,  Hiat.  Vat.  PuUa..  rii,  311.  1831;  not 

Cheetmtnn  amiatut,  L. ;  LOtkbh,  Spolia  Atl«ntlcR.6t,  1880;  JuBDA.f  i  GiLBEKT,  SS'n- 

opAiM.  Cin.  1883 ;  Kl(IKKltA.NN  ii.  ltott.vtNi.,  {.  r.,  9, 1887. 
PonwiraiirAiin  jmni,  CrviBR  li.  Valknciksnbs,  Hint,  N»t.  I'oi«ii.,  VII,  2(16,  liOl :  GOnthkr, 

Cat.,  u.  S5. 18C0,  iu  part  -,  Jokuan  (l  BOTrEH,  l>roc  Ac.  Not.  Sd. PUla.  1897, 124. 


Subgenu*  POMACANTHODES,  r.iU. 
«0M.  POXACAXTHIIH  ZOXIPKJ'TrS  ((lill). 

(MOJAIIKA    Its  IJiH  PlKDRA^.) 


Head  3Ho  3} ;  depth  lHuiid"H  to  Uiu  young;  eye  Skinhead.  D.  Xr,23; 
A.  Ill,  20  to  22 ;  scales  70.  I'rofile  very  Mteep,  unovou ;  preopcrculiir  spino 
longer  tbitn  eye,  3^  in  bead;  prt-orhital  equal  to  titaxillary,  \\  lii  head; 
IftHt  dorsul  spinii  \\  iu  bead;  longest  ilorsnl  ray  |  longer  than  head,  fal- 
cate; anal  roiindiHl,  itii  soft  rays  uuu:h  lower  than  those  of  dorHal ;  caudal 
short,  truncuto,  li  in  head;  pet'tomt  iiiodenite;  ventral  very  long,  ilongur 
tlnin  heuil,  the  (irst  rny  lilamvntoita.  Sciiloa  irregular,  largi<  and  small 
ones  intermixed,  tlionf  of  h<Mid,  hrcast,  and  nape  minute,  Iiiti'roperclo 
with  one  stiiiitish  spine;  preoporcle  very  liiiely  Semite.  A  largo  Inmip 
lit  nape  iu  adult,  .\diilt,  dark  gray,  blackiali  ]ioat<rriorly,  luoHtscalus  with 
black  ceutcTs;  edges  of  scales  bright  sky  bine  iu  life,  o«pefia!ly  posteiiolly  ; 
a  triangular  broiixc-yellow  p.-»tfh  iu  front  itf  lino  rouiiecttng  pfff-orals  with 
ventrals,  tbeii  a  diffuse  blackish  bar  from  front  of  dorsal  along  region 
bi-Uind  jii't'torals  to  veutrals,  then  a  broad  l'iuvlmI  bar  of  yellow,  obscured 
by  blackiHb  centers  of  scnle.e,  beliiuci  this  a  ilill'iisi-  blackish  area;  breast 
vermicnbited  with  bluo  and  yi^llowisli ;  a  blackish  bar  »-overing  most  of 
head,  bebiml  whit-li  the  oiicrrlesand  uapearc  yellowish  ;  jaws  jialc  bluish; 
dorsal  orangi',  vtrmiculat"  with  sky  blue,  the  edge  bright  sky  blue,  below 
which  isoraiigi';  caudal  orange,  vorniicutated  with  sky  blue,  th«  edge 
<>r;i,ngc,  the  very  margin  blackish;  anal  blackish,  veruncuJated  with  sky 
blue;  pectorals  light  orange,  marked  with  grayish  bine;  rcutrals  largely 
blue  black,  tipped  with  orange ;  spine  bluish.  Young,  pure  Idack  on  dm-sal 
and  anal;  top  of  he.id  with  a  median  line  of  bright  yellow,  dividing  at 
the  snout  and  extending  along  each  side  of  mouth  and  iiieetiiig  on  throat 
Ixilow;  side  vvifh  5  very  di^<tlllct  iiiirrow  bright-yellow  cross  bars,  strongly 
convex  forward;  bluo  lines  between  these  bars.  Length  IK  inches.  West 
coast  iif  tropical  America;  rather  common  about  rm'ks  from  Mazatlan  to 
Panama;  a  beautiful  tisli,  showing  great  changes  in  color  iu  the  course  of  ^ 
deTelopnient.    (^daytj,  Eone;  prriuK,  breast.) 


■  Most  rrcpiil  wriliTK  Imve  inllo«l  lliis  .4|><viu«  PumoeanthuM  nmiattit,  hut  Ihi:  tnin  ar 
aim  i>l  Llimiimii  nitiHt  hv  Uit*  preiodiiitf  »i>eclo«. 


1C82         Bulletin  ^7,  UniUd  States  National  Museum. 


Pomacanthoiiiit  innipMlitt,  GiLU  Prov.  Ae,  Nat,  Scl.  Phlln.  18S2,  Si4,  San  Salvador. 
fomaeanlhut  errticen talis,  J<'BDAK  &  GlLBBRT,  Proo.  0,S,  Kat.  Man.  18^1,998,  Matatlaa: 

young.     (Type,  No.  2aiU9.    Coll.  Gilbert.) 
rouuti-atithtu  umipfctiu,  JofitiA.%-  &  UlLllBKT,  Proc  r.S.Xat.MilJL  1882,378:  BlOBOUXII 

<V  UoKHI.va,  1.  <;.,  U,  1887. 

66i.  HOLACANTHUS,  Ljic.pi  do. 

((Jatalinictas.  ) 

llolacanlliui,  LArti-KDH,  HUt  Nut.  PoisH.,  iv,  525, 1H«3  (trieolor). 
(Unicaiithut.  SWAINHO.S,  Cliuw'n  KlnhnH,  [I.  212, 183V  (/ainarrX-ii), 
OtiUropynt.  Kai'I-.  Wi^cmanu's  Archiv,  xxvi,  1876.  IM  (fi6i>«i). 
Aeanlhimbatoilon,  Blkbkub,  Arelitv  Niwrl.  Soi.  Nut.,  XII,  5, 187fl  (tr|iW(ifa7>t»). 

Body  ((bloDK,  ratlier  roljitst,  tlio  bark  not  jjrL'atly  elevatoil  nor  <'oiu- 
proHBoil;  Bruk'H  ratiit^r  Hiiiall,  rimgbittb,  ofteu  nii.xed  with  smalltT  oues. 
Vorticnl  limb  of  tlw  |ireop<'rclu  witli  small  etjiial  serra-;  n  strong  spine  nt 
the  anfjip  of  tlie  prcoperclo,  this  iiBiially  grooved;  iiiteropercie  short, 
nruieil  with  I  to  4  stning  spinca.  Dorsiil  fin  -K-itb  12  to  l.j  strou);  spine."*, 
wliiili  urn  usually  (intdimtcd,  iiureiiaitii;;  in  heiji^lit.  ti>  tln'  lust;  soft  dorsal 
tiii>d<'r:it<!,  willi  17  to  20  r;<ys,  iiKii.-tlly  ni>t  I'udinj;  in  MtrRaniBrB,  Coloration 
iiNiially  lifilliiuit  and  well  dalirird,  tbe  cliaiiKeK  ^\\w  to  nuc  lees  thuu  in 
Poutapiiiitliut ;  Hpt«oi<>H  iiiuiioriDia  in  all  tnipicul  seaa,  iiboun<liu{;  about  coral 
reefs.     tiiAof.  vvbole;  awurOu,  spiiio. ) 

a.  ritiiilid  HiilUniniat*-,  il!i  •iii'Ick  nut  iii-ihIikpiI  Id  fllniuvnlK,  i1«  rolor  y^Oow 

0.  Scalt'H  in  lainral  liiir  75  tu  Ml ;  n  rallicr  uurron'  i-urved  IrniixvcriMi  whitlnli  band 
liebind  baac  of  iioclorala,  ilH  width  mucli  lesit  thnu  l«ii|(tli  «f  p(>olursl. 

PAt«ui,aiW7. 
bb.  Scalon  iiv  lateral  lln<-  alioiil  flO;  linrty  ulivi,  brown,  witli  n  very  broad  orange 
iiroi  l>obiiiil  hciul,  itn  widtli  nearly  fM|Ttal  to  Iriigth  of  tvoctJtral. 

i-|.AniOKKmi8,Mie, 
an.  Canilsil   liiihiiU*,    bt-n  ati^loH   pnHliireil  in  (llameiitfi;  proorbifal  \>llli  n  blunt  vfrtno; 
IxhIv  itiiiKilv  lilui'k,  )lid  iiiuii]  uihI  tM\  yllow:  aralM  ratlirr  luri{<^r,  ulidut4<t. 

TBlCOU>ll.  ZOM. 

8il>s;.   nULKANTIflK  PAI^^NKIl,  ValeDtieiinm. 

Hcftd  1;  depth  2k  ll.XIV.  17  nr  18:  A.  Ill,  16  lo  IS;  scales  in  lateral 
line  7."  to  M.  J^ciik'.-^  Nnlii.'i|iinl  in  size,  tlm  nivvs  N.inKtliwisr.*  aud  uroKNwiHe 
(lultc  ditttinit.  AtiCfudifif;  llnil>  of  prropcrido  tirniMl  only  with  8ui)ill 
sMjrrn';  sphip  at  angle  of  ])rfO]H>rpkv  about  2j  in  boiid ;  prfttrbita!  with  2 
or  3  Ulnnt  [loints.  Color  dark  piirpli.sh  brown,  crosacd  below  fbo  sevi-ntb 
Hpiiio  by  n  wbiti.«h  fiaiid  iittuniuitcd  :iiid  I'nrvi-d  backward  below ;  4  nearlj 
eiiuiilistant,  iridiHlinft,  verliciil,  bliiisli  lines  arrosa  body  between  thir 
while  banil  and  base  of  candiil ;  caudal  iiiarKined  with  brown;  dorsal 
and  anal  with  2  indiatitict  lines  paiallel  with  tfat>  bordora;  potil«rior 
margins  also  bluish;  nitidnl  [vdiilralw  •  ],  poi-torals,  and  inariftn  of  anal 
yellow;  head  girdled  xvitb  2  di.<;tinct  bluish  hnndt),  1  in  front  of  eyi-a, 
and  1  frotn  front  of  diirnal  and  lu-bliit|  the  eyes.  (fJill.)  Went  coast  of 
tropical  Anieri4-tt;  <';tpe  i^iin  l.iieiifl  to  tlie  Galapagos  iMlands:  rare.     The 


*  Doraal "  yellow  In  <ilU'a  il«at!riptiou  ia  probably  n  «lip  lur  "  rentnUa.' 


form  callotl  llnlaranihn*  »lrifiatn$,  al")ri>  described,  is  iloubtlesa  tbe  young 
of  itolacanihus  ptiMfr.  Tbe  hitter  is  ligured  as  ivStlioitt  bluiuli  luivrbiti^a 
on  bead  or  body,  t!i«  dorMul  mid  iiiial  edged  witb  yt.db»w  <ir  brown,  au<\  itH 
cnuib'il  pluiii  yellow,  (^aiscf,  a  sparrow;  the  word  also  applied  to  certain 
flonndors.  > 


Uotaeanthat  patttr,  VALKNcnttttTKB.  V'oyaRv  Vtiiiuii.  327, pL  6, 184fl,  Qalapmgos  Archipelagos 

til'NTKEK,  Cat.,  il.  4S,  18IM. 
ni-Uteatilhut  itriijiilii;  I>IIJ.  I'rui'.  Ac.  Nat.  Sri.  I'lilln.  1882, 343,  Cape  San  Lucas. 
t'omarantliHJi  pamier,  ElUKNM.tNN  .L  KolLNiNa,  L  r,  U,  1887. 


800N.  IIOLA(-;t\Tlirs  t-LA.RIONK\HIK,  GUbort. 


I 


Head  4;  depth  H;  <'yp  4^  in  hrad.  D.XIV,  1«;  A.  Ill,  IS;  maleH  60  t^ 
65,  about  36  with  jtoros.  Eye  siiinlJ,  littlo  more  tbiin  }  snout,  H  iu  iiit.er- 
orbitnl  width.  Auti-rior  profile  very  slinhtly  concave  above  orbits,  the 
Huoat  not  protriuJiiig;  nuixilliiry  4  in  bi:ad ;  preoporciilar  spine  gently 
ptirved,  its  outer  fiino  chaiiiieleil,  th<'  aiiiiie  flttiug  into  a  groove  in  front 
of  biise  of  pectoral,  2i  in  heail,  not  rewcbiug  vcrtifiil  from  niiirKii)  of  o|>er- 
cle;  vt-rticul  limb  of  jircopiTi'le  with  20  to  25  abort,  strong  spiues,  hori- 
zontnl  limb  wttli  2  flpincs  pojutinj,'  bnekward;  tin'  anterior  portion  of 
margin  of  interoperi-lo  with  2  strong  Hpini-a,  from  1  to  3  sinulb-r  ttpinrg 
lioliiitil  these;  preorbitiil  'with  a  stroBig,  coiiipre^si'd,  blunt  Hjiino  dinvted 
forward,  and  2  Hharp  uticH  lieluw  it;  posterior  mar>;in  of  Hiiboporelii  with 
a  KoricH  of  short  S]iines;  no  opun-tilur  S|iineH;  iiii>nibraiLr'  of  firiit  ilorHal 
spinfl  frcu  from  f*"»len,  of  Ho-oiid  and  third,  partly  scaly;  otiier  spini-s 
with  nicnilininoo  wholly  scaled;  IdiijjtJi  of  fnnrtocutli  spine  2}  in  hnad ; 
ftoftdor.sul  anil  annl  not  prodwcrd,  the  angles  i-o«ind«d,  tin'  postiTittr  nrar- 
gin.t  inclined  but  Nlinhtly  forward,  and  about  on  vertical  id'  biuie  of  cau- 
dal; ion<4<-Nt  ravM  of  itorsal  niid  nual  ciiiial,  U  >u  head;  caudal  tnincale 
Tvlien  widoly  spread,  the  uiij^lun  not  ronndod,  the  onter  rays  not  nt  all 
pi'odnced,  about  e<|ualiug  length  of  hcml;  jji'otorals  mid  ventrula  about 
ei[ual,  ei)ualing  length  of  head  ;  the  vetitrals  with  outer  roys  slightly  pro- 
dnced,  rcjirliiug  to  or  nlightly  beyond  T<.!nt.  Scalen  large,  every  where 
Covered  with  small  b:uial  accessory  Mcales,  all  rmigh  ctenoid;  lBt«ral  limt 
murh  arched,  concurrent  with  the  back,  iucutnpk'to,  ending  nudiT  uiiddk* 
of  soft  dorwal,  with  rnily  Itt  poreH.  Head  and  body  very  dark  olive  brown, 
a  wide  orange  red  bar  behind  heiKl,  iiiclnding  niipn  and  back  as  far  as 
sixth  dorrt.'il  eiiine,  becoming  narrow  on  middle  of  sideto,  and  expanding 
ag:iiu  bulow  to  include  region  from  gill  openings  nearly  ti>  veut,  being 
here,  hoWeveT,  darker  and  lesn  distinctly  defined;  the  yetbiwish  color 
ciintinncH  backward  ;is  a  HuUitiargi&al  band  a}i  dortial  and  aual,  the  margin 
being  deep  bhin,  broaib-r  pnHtoriorly ;  cand;il  bright  orange  reil,  with  very 
narrow  bluy  margin;  pietmal.t  yellowish ;  ventrals  yellowish  olive;  verti- 
cal liiis  otlierwiHc  with  color  of  sides,  hetigth  about  7  inches.  This 
brilliant  species  in  extremely  abundant  at  Clarion,  Socorro,  and  Sau  Beue- 
dicto  islands  of  the  Kovilhigigedo  group. 

liolacanOitifelarionenii\ii,{iH.HF.RT.I'roc..\l.S.'Snt.  Mil.*.  IHIK),  72.  Revillaeie^^o  Ulanda:. 
Clarion,  Socorro,  aud  San  Beoedicto.     {Vuil.  Altiatrvt) 


1684  Bulletin  ^y.  United  States  National  Museum. 


2«M.  HOUCANTHrK  TBICOLOB  <Bl4>eh). 
(Rock  BsAtmr:  CxTAUNrrA;  VA^itTA  dk  vxm  Coa/ius.) 

Heitd  '\\ ;  depth  1}.  D.  XIT,  19;  A.  in,  18;  mwIm  3-48-^.  Pint  doreal 
Hpinv  H  in  1<-uKth  of  the  last,  which  is  2\  in  bead ;  a»ceiidiug  limb  of  pre- 
oporclo  iirmed  only  with  small  i4«rra-,  the  largest  not  more  thun  iV  the  length 
of  the  lnr|i;e  spine  at  the  angle;  angles  iif  the  osudal  produced  into  tila- 
ments;  preurbital  with  a  distinct  blunt  spine;  scales  nearly  iiuifomi  in 
BJie,  the  lengthwise  and  crosswise  rows  quite  distinct.  Color  in  lite: 
head,  ant<.'ri»r  part  of  trnnk,  »nd  caudal  du  golden  yellow;  rest  of  body, 
snout,  and  chin  blik«'k;  dorsal,  anal,  and  opercle  edged  with  sc.-irlet; 
orange  on  upper  aitd  lower  ray  of  caudal;  iritt  yellow,  blue  above  and 
below.  West  Iiidiett,  Ui>rtli  to  Beriuud.i,  south  tu  Bithia;  curuuion;  not 
known  from  the  I'uited  ijtatae.  (tricvlor,  thrt-e-colored — orange,  yellow, 
and  black.} 

Oatalintta.  F abka,  D^aer.  Dif.  Flee.  Hist  NsL  Cabo,  12.  pi.  vii.  a^.  2, 1787,  Cuba. 

OKmtodon  trieiiUir.  Iiu>cH,  Icbtb..pl.l26, 17«5. 

Botacanthv*  tricolor,  LxctPtDK,  Hint.  N«l.  Poiau.,  IV,  525,  IS03 ;  CrmW  *  TxmJICHWma. 

Ul»t.  Nat.  Pulim.,  vii,  IBS,  1«31 ;  GCXTHBR,  C»l.,  n.  49,  IdW;  I^ibt,  Moim.riM,  ii,  871, 

1861;  Posy,  Enumuralio,  CI,  1876:  J0EOA.V  &.  Bl-ttee,  Proc.  Au.  Nat.  Sel.  Plillo.  1897. 

12s. 
OmiamOiwi  tricolor,  SwAiMso^f,  CUm.  Fiabos,  JLrophlbiana,  luid  Reptiles,  Ii,ai2,18M. 
Ponuu»fMv4  Irieolor,  Jordax  ic  Gilbbbt,  Synopaia,  Ml,  1883 1  EiosBiLunf  t  HoBimie,  L  a., 

15,1887. 

eea.  ANGELICHTHYS,  Jordan  &.  Bvennaun. 

(ISABKUTAS.) 

Aniirliehth}tl.  JOBO*I»  A.  EvEBMANK,  Cbeck-Liat  Flsliea,  430,  18SS  (eitiarU). 

This  genua  is  separatetl  froni  IIolnc«nihH»  by  the  presence  on  the  asecnd- 
in"  limb  of  the  preoperKle  of  Hoveral  stout  graduated  flpiin-a  in  addition  to 
the  large  grooved  spine  at  the  angle.  The  soft  dorsal  «nd  anal  are  much 
falcate  and  the  preoiintal  is  without  Hpino;  ititeroporclc  armed  with  1  to  4 
spines;  scales  rather  largo;  body  ovate,  mther  deep,  and  coiuprestKMl. 
The  known  sjieeieH  are  rtuiong  the  larj-est  of  the  Chwtwlonta  and  perhaps 
the  most  gaily  colored  uf  iill.  Species  all  American.  (ayyt^.ui,  augel; 
tx^i/i,  flab.) 

a.  Spine*  on  SMesdlng  limb  of  iirooperolo  moderate,  the  looKuat  Ipsa  than  }  length  of 

tlie  Urge  spine  at  tliv  auglu. 

(/.  Nape  with  a  bliio  oetlltis:  8o(t  ilontal  and  anal  edged  with  dark  Idnc;  depth  ]{ 

ill  lenKth  In  mluH.  ciuaihb,  2100. 

lib.  Xapo  without  diallnct  noellua;  no  dark-bine  edginga  to  soft  dorsnl  and  anal: 

body  deep,  tlm diptli  U  in  Ungth  in  aitult.  isabbuta,  31«1. 

ma.  Splneeon  ascending  limb  of  preopcnJe  very  atroiiB,  the  longeat  abunt  )  length  nf 

llie  long  «pine  nt  the»ngl«t  uo  oe«llaa  nt  naiie:  no  bloe  edging  to  •■in  dorsal 

and  anal :  dot't-h  l|  in  length.  lOIHX'CB,  2102. 

SIOO.  ANOEUCHTirrH  CILURM  iLiDDicns). 

(Anoel-fisii:  Isadeuta.) 

Head  3};  depth  IJ;  eye  4*  in  head;  snnnt  24.  D.  XIV,  21 ;  A. Ill,  31. 
Hody  oblong,  oval;  anterior  profile struight,  st4?«|i,  sharply  eonvox  iu  front 
of  dorsal;    iiutcrinr  doraul  c^utline  and  ventral   outline  nearly  parallel; 


Jordan  and  Evermanu. — Fishes  of  North  America.      IC 


jaws  projiH'ting.  I-rtij^h  of  liciwl  e<|iiiil  to  ittt  d«pth  from'iintiTim-  murgin 
of  hlue  rijit;  in  frotilof  domain  the  prtHirbital  \  bio:Hler  than  eve,  with  1 
or  2  iudiNtinct  aiuiirs;  jirfio]K'itil«  with  a  strong.  );'"of^'<'d,  stigbtly  cnrvi-d 
Npiue  ;it  angli^,  ulxtiit  as  lou^  an  orbit;  5  nr  6  dhort  blunt  spiDuH  with  iuter- 
uK'diatK  iJiiniJte  oiiew  on  upper  limb,  tb©  longest  of  tbtwu  spiui-a  K  in  tba 
apiuL*  at  tbe  angle;  2  nr  3  abort  etrotig  spiiioa  on  lower  limb;  iiitor- 
opercle  with  1  or  1!  nbort  npinea;  p^e^);l^i]lll^y  very  thipk,  ite  width  iibovo 
oqiiiil  to  orbit;  a  lurinw  from  front  of  (>yo  below  nimtrils;  iiiterorbital 
greater  thau  pn-orliital,  equal  to  distaucc  betivoeu  eye  mid  upper  t'ud  of 
^il!  opening.  8oft  doi-Hiil  riud  aual  falciito,  the  tilauieutoiiH  tipa  reucliiuij; 
miicli  lieyoud  the  ciiiulal;  pectoral  broad,  •>)di<]uely  rouniI*'<l,  Ij  in  h<-ivd; 
rrntrnls  lou};,  the  spint!  long,  \\  in  head,  thu  rayH  slightly  lilamentous,  not 
tjiiitu  reaching  imul,  o<tuiil  to  bead;  camlal  rounded,  o(|iial  to  huud  behind 
prciuiaxillur}':  lateral  Hue  ceasiuji  before  renohiug  i-nd  of  dorsal,  the  sfalett 
below  regularly  arrangeil,  those  abovi-  irri'^nlarly.  Groiiiid  eolor  olive, 
teruiiiml  half  of  scales  on  sides  yellow,  siilo  of  head  yellowish  olive,  tup 
of  head  dusky;  a  hlue  riuj;  in  front  of  dorsal  surrtnindiug  a  black  npot 
containing  a  few  pale-blue  wpeeks ;  iris  yellow,  bin©  above  and  below ;  nppor 
jaw  bhio  black,  some  yellow  at  eomer  of  mouth  ;  lower  jaw,  lower  9id«<  of 
heiMl,  and  breast  dusky  olive  ;  a  dark  blue  margin  to  operrlemueh  broader 
above  than  below;  upper  edfje  of  preopt-rciilar  spine  pale  blue;  edge  of 
dorsal  fln  blue  black,  a  black  liloteb  on  liuit  rays,  the  tin  otUorwiHe  red- 
dish or  orange,  beenming  paler  toward  tip  of  Jilauieut;  aual  similar  to 
dorsal,  bnt  darker;  eandal  entirely  pale  nrangu  or  cji'ar  lemou  yellow; 
pootoral  lemon  yellow,  the  base  with  a  brown  bloli-h  bordered  anteriorly 
by  B  narrow  blue  stripe;  veutrals  leiuou  yellow,  somewhat  dusky  at  huae. 
WestludiBs;  cnminitn.  Mere  described  from  spoeinit'iiH  from  J arnaicu.  A 
large  showy  lish.    (rifiaris,  with  eyelashes,  referring  to  the  produced  Una.) 

Anr/tljUk,  Catksbv,  Kat.  Hist.  CaroUnii,  et^u,,  1737.  H 

liabrlita,  Pakr4,  Uif.  Pieuu.  etc..  17BT.  Cuba.  il 

OhiBtatUin  eiliaru.  LlHNwBDd,  SyaL  Nat.,  Ed.  X,376, 1758,  Indies;  in  part.:  BlOCB,  lolitli..  [il 

■ill,  1787. 
Chalodon  m/uamuionui,  Shaw,  Natamlisls'  MisooUaoy,  275,  1780-1813;    oner  AoKiil-llib 

of  Catbsht. 
Oh<etod<in  parrot.  BloCH  &  SCBlfllDBR,  Syat.  Irbth.,  236,  1801,  Cuba;  after  laabelita  uf 

TAsaa. 
llulacanthtif  eornutiu,  PeamaBEST,  It<>cade  Icbthyologlque,  44,  pi.  .^,  ll|:.3, 1823,  Cuba, 
JInlctranthut  /nrmotUH,  CastklsaV,  Aniiu.Noiiv.  oh  rarPB<ln  l' Amer.  tlu  Suil.  PuIshouh.  Li 

pi  2,  flg.2  18S5,  Bahia;  Gt'jrxntiB,  Cat..  U,  17, 1880. 
UMeanOiui  eiliarit,  LxctrtOK,  Hist.  Kat  Pufta.,  n',  527,  180C2;  Cl'VlEii  J.  VALlHcieNNES, 

HisL  Nat.  Poias.,  vn,  15*,  1831;  Poev,  Mcmoriaa,  a,  371,  1S81;   OI'kthbb,  Uat.,jn, 

1880;  PoaY,  SjDopai*,  351, 1868j  LCtksn,  Spoil*  Atlantira,  300, 1880, 

Pomacantiiuf  eiliarU,  Joboan  Jc Giloebt,  SynnpsiH,  on,  1883.  

.ingtliehlhyii eUiarit,  JoKVAM  it  EvBUKANIf,  Check-List  Fiali«a,  <21, 1890;  JoBOAH  &  JtOT- 

TBB,  Proo.  Ac.  Nat  Sol.  Phlla.  MB7, 125. 


tlOI.  AKGKLt<;]ITaY.S  IKABELITA,  Jonlan  &  Butter,  new  apeolM. 

(AHaEL-run.) 

Head  31 ;  depth  Iji ;  oye  3j  in  head  (yonng) ;  snout  2J.     D.  XIV,  IH;  A.  II 
19.     Itody  nearly  oval,  anterior  pnililii  very  steeji,  much  steeper  than 
Uolacanthua  ciliarin.  the  lips  not  projectiug  ;  length  of  head  scarcely  great 


Jordan  and  livcrnianu. — Fishes  of  Norlh  America.     1687 


roj;ulaily  iirvhod,  l>ut  aiiproacUiiig  tlie  ilorsal  outline  ponteriorly,  ceas- 
ing bclore  reui.'bing  <^nil  of  dorsal.  8<'aloi>  bilow  liitcral  line  regularly 
itrraiigi'd,  tlnMsn  aliin-e  irregular.  Color  iu  ulrohul,  iiniforui  gray  (jtrob- 
ubly  uraiigo  ill  life);  8calf8i'tlgt«il  with  silvery;  iivery  faiut,  iiftrrow,  black 
or  dork-blue  o<lgv  tn  dnncil  anterior  to  lll.-iuii-ut;  teriiiiuul  half  nf  ]iectoriiI, 
\  of  (.'nnditl,  and  tipa  of  dorsul  iiuil  uiial  behind  and  including  tbe  falcate 
Iob<'8  yelluw;  no  )>luu  nu  concavity  of  ilorital  and  iiiial ;  lips  pale;  edge  of 
operi'lo  dark  blue;  ii  faiut  iudication  of  a  dark  blotch  in  front  of  dorsal; 
no  blue-blnck  blotch  on  base  of  pectoral.  This  specios  diMVnt  fniin  AngrA- 
ichthijg  nliari*  in  tho  form  of  the  body,  iu  color,  and  CKpcciMlly  in  the  very 
long  spines  on  the  upper  limb  of  prropi-rclt*.  A  single  f<|M-i'inien,  9  inches 
long,  frotu  tbe  Dalapiigos  Islands,  collected  by  United  Stat-i-a  Fixh  ( 'imi- 
luiitsion  stvanier  AllMlrota.  {iuSohu?,  a  sliuikf  oT  arrows,  fruiu  the  brist- 
ling prooiKsrcle.) 

JJoltKaiittiii*  intlnciiJi,  JnKiiAN  *  lUTTEK,  in  Gllh^rt,  Pr^>c.  n. S. N«t,  Mu».  IftW,  itS,  Gala- 
pagos Archipelago  (Type,  Nu.  47747,  I'.  S.  Knt.  Mim.  Coll.  Attialroit);  JoMjJkH  it. 
KVKIIUAHN,  I'liork'LUt  I'Msliei,  4:!1,  tSUAi  uiuiib  only. 

FwnilyOhXVl.  ZANCI.U)j€. 

(TuK  MooKiHU  Idous.) 

Body  oblong,  much  coniprcssed  an«l  elovatod,  covered  with  uiinntL*  rongb 
settles.  Mouth  hmalt,  with  long,  slender,  brush  like  teeth;  no  teeth  on  the 
palate;  boncA  nf  top  of  h«>ud  thick  and  solid,  developing  with  use  u  cou- 
spionous  median  horn  on  the  forehead,  wanting  in  the  young.  i'ri'i»|ii'r- 
cle  nu.armed.  Dorsul  single,  with  7  spines,  the  tlnr<l  and  succeeding 
opines  ]irolougetl  into  long  iilauente;  iuterspiual  bone  ]irojecting  before 
dorsal.  Anal  similar  to  soil  dorsul,  long,  with  its  anterior  rays  prodnced; 
a  small  autrorao  spim.'  before  anul.  Caudal  peduncle  unarmed,  the  flu 
lunale;  jh-ctorals  short;  ventrals  pointed.  Intestine  long.  Coracoid 
bones  laruely  developed.  .Vcrtebne  reduced  in  number,  il -|-  I,3  =  2ti.  Air 
bladder  large.  lirunchiostegalB4;  ]iyloric  c:i'ca  14.  One  speoios,  widely 
distributed  about  rocky  islands  of  the  P»ciiio.  (Genus  Zanclut,  Otlnthcr, 
Cat.,  11,192-494,  1860.) 

663.  ZANCLUS,  Culler  Jk,  Vuleuciennes. 

XtHXtv*  (CoMMRUBOil)  Ct7VIBH  &  VAUNCWirNRS,  HiSt,  Mat.  I'Otu.,  VII,  1(K!,  1X31  icamutut). 

ItoHoptrrut,  liuo.MOW.C'at'  Fiali.,  Ktl.  (tniy.,  77, 18&4  (iiutrnui). 

liiHthoeetUntm,  Gui>iiin-(.>t,  AnD.  Mitiiie  ot  Loire,  ix,  4, 18(10,  {eenlrugnathutH) ;  young. 

Characters  of  the  gcnns  included  above.     (C'tyxA.MK,  a  sicklr.) 
tlW.  ZANM.liH  t'OKNItTPH  <Lliinir)i»i. 

(M<lOUt>>lt  TIKIL:   U«8.1Vi  I'lQtrtSlli   POBTR  EKBKinNE.) 

Head  'Ji ;  depth  about  as  great  oh  length;  eye  2$  in  snout.  D.  VII,  38; 
A.  Ill,  '.K\;  snout  H  in  head,  greatly  pi'udnced,  the  upper  jirolile  v«ry  con* 
eave;  horu  on  forehead  w-oll  develo]H'd,  wanting  in  young;  teeth  nlender, 
briish-liko,  very  witch  (irojectlug.    Anterior  mys  of  dorsal  and  aual  pro- 


108C  Bulletin  4J,  United  States  National  I\fuseum. 


tbnn  its  rlojitli  bVlow  top  i>f  eye;  jneorliitnl  }  ns  liroart  m  eye,  without  any 
iudicutiou  of  u  sspiuo;  ])rciojR'rcii]!ir  apiiio  stroiij;,  |  lenf^tli  of  eyi',  SJ  in 
head,  'i  <H"  I  vnry  abort  Mtmit  s[iiiii<»  on  iijiper  liiiili,  tlir  lori}{i'Bt  ahont  5  io 
Hjiiuf"  :it  jiU);Io,  1  tm  lowor  liinb;  1  Hpiucv  oii  iiitoropercU-;  premaxillary 
not  very  brnatl  un  top,  very  jirotntftile,  not  projm-tinjj:  beyond  anterior 
prulilv;  iutcrurbitul  };rciiter  tliuii  preorbital,  cijiiul  to  distance  betwi-«n 
eye  nnd  nppcr  end  nf  jjill  op«'ning;  I'lirrow  iti  front  of  oye  iudistinct; 
doreal  )ind  iinal  falcate,  the  til.imoottHiB  tips  reiioliiug  iiiiirh  beyond  caitdkl ; 
pectoral  obliijnely  rMiiiHied,  «ini;il  to  hearl,  the  lower  rays  very  short; 
vcntnil  spine  1?  in  boad,  tbn  liluini'iitoim  rays  reiu'liiu;;  ori};in  of  uaiil, 
ubuiit  !  Ioniser  than  ln-ad;  caudal  rounded,  louder  tli.aii  hei«l,  but  shorter 
than  vinitral,  hiteral  line  co;i8injc  belbre  reaehiug  end  of  dorsal,  the 
Healths  Iwlow  regularly  urninged,  tboFii'  iibovo  nearly  so.  t'olor  in  life, 
ycdlawitth  bi'otvn  on  sides,  uaeb  seiile  with  :i  ibirkor  or  oranji;o  spot;  buck 
aba<led  with  violet,  which  jjrowB  bricliter  jind  nwrjios  into  iut«use  8l<\  blue 
nIoii}r  the  edges  of  spinous  dorsal  :iiid  on  thl^  re>;iou  before  tbti  dorsal; 
scales  of  doroa]  riigtoii  with  Itrowu  j^jiois  lik<;  tboso  on  sides;  hwid  paler; 
tbi>  upper  lip  yellowinb  ;  lowor  jaw  ri'<l(liHh;  spines  of  pruoporclo  ;»tiil  i'dg« 
of  opercle  very  bright  isky  blue;  iris  yellow,  umrked  above  and  below  by 
bine;  a  blue  bar  extcodiu^'  tVoiii  in  front  of  lirst  rlmssl  spine  halfway  to 
eye;  breast  sky  >diie;  pectoral  r<ky  blue  at  base,  tbon  broadly  k<>1<)oii<  »t* 
edjfe  pali<;  ventrals  poblon;  fio8t«rior  edgo  and  produced  lol»e8  of  dorsivl 
nnd  anal  golden  yellow,  cuudal  broadly  <'dKC<l  with  yellow;  no  distinct 
Oi'dlua  at  nape,  and  no  dark-blue  iMl^'ingH  to  soft  dorsal  and  aonl.  This 
Bpeei»<8  is  closely  ri-bited  to  .{n;it!iibthiiii  rHinria,  but  ditlers  dpcidedly  in  the 
eelor  iiiarkin^^s,  espi'ciiilly  tlinno  of  the  uiipo  jind  dorsal,  iu  the  j;re:it  depth 
of  the  head,  and  in  tbo  noii[iro.jpi-tinK  inouth;  ulso  soiiiewbut  iu  general 
ciiutour  of  body.  Florida  Keys  and  pritltaldy  ueifjblioriii;^  waters;  com- 
luon  ;  reaeliiiig  a  larno  size.  This  description  is  busf'd  on  thi-  type,  a  nin- 
gle  speoiinen  H  inches  louj;.  from  Key  West.  Florida,  colli'cted  by  Ur. 
Jordan.     (/«a&e/i(a,  the  Spanish  naiiiv.) 

J'omacanlhiu  eiliarin,  KmKNMA.VN  A-  HoBI«l^o,  Aim.  K.  V.  Ar.  Sol.  IXilT.  lA.  not  orniiibont. 

An);rlirhlh!/a  itabflita.  JoiiliA.V  U  Eveksia.vn.  CItcek-Li.'tt  l''i»lii.'a,  i2U.  18M;  uamv  only, 

(TyjX),  No.  363,  L.  S.,Tr.  I'ulv.  Mum.     Coll.  !>r.  Jonliiii.) 

8I0S.  AMJt:UaiTHV8IOIlO(:US,.Tar<]iut  \  Kotter. 


Head  •^l ;  dejith  1?  (2  in  total);  eye  4!,.  1>.  XIV,  2tt;  A.  Ill,  20.  Body 
very  (b'ep,  foriniiij;  almost  u  regnlnr  ellipse,  wliglitly  coiieave  above  and 
in  front  of  oye.  rieorldtal  without  spine,  .shorter  than  width  of  iuter- 
orldtal,  which  is  narrower  thiiu  di.stauco  betwci-n  eyo  nnd  ujiper  end  of 
gill  opening;  spine  at  angle  of  preopctele  straight,  longer  than  orbit, 
abont  ei[ual  to  preorbital;  S  or  9  spines  on  npper  limb  of  proopercle,  tbeso 
nearly  i  as  long  ns  the  one  at  angle,  very  much  longer  than  in  Angtl' 
ichthifv  ciliarii;  2  weak  spines  on  lower  liuili,  and  -  on  iuteropercle. 
Boft  dorsal  and  anal  falcate,  thu  longest  rays  libiuK'nt'onB;  jiectoral  very 
obliiiUKly  ronuded,  the  lower  rays  scarcely  J  as  long  as  the  upper,  wliieli 
are  li  in  bead;  ventral  wligbtly  filuuientons,  etioal  to  head.     Lateral  linu 


p 


{alarlj'  archrd,  l>ut  4»i)i>roaohinj;  the  dorsal  outline  poBteriorly,  couh- 
before  renrhing  end  of  dorsal.  Scalua  brluw  liitorul  line  regnlnrly 
urraii)^ed,  thosi-  above  irregular.  Color  in  alnobol,  iinitorm  gray  (prob- 
ably orange  in  life) ;  HoalcH ('(lj;i'd with  silvery ;  iivery  faint,  narrow^  black 
or  dark-bliia  ed^e.  todoraiil  aiittsriur  to  tibtiui-nt;  teruiinAl  linlf  of  ))«i-tor: 
i  of  vaiidti),  iind  tijiA  of  doTbiil  :iii<l  antil  behind  ami  including  tbu  fnb'uto 
loboa  yelbiw  ;  no  Idnu  »u  c'oniiuvity  of  ilorsu!  niid  atiiil ;  liiis  pulu;  edge  of 
operclu  diirk  bbii';  :i  fulut  indik'atiuii  of  a  dark  )>lotch  in  front  of  dorsal; 
no  blue-bluck  blotch  on  bus*.'  of  pectoral.  This  Bpc<-ie8  dift'i-r*  from  .Ingel- 
iehthiia  ciliariii  in  the  form  of  this  body,  in  color,  and  eepticijilly  in  the  vory 

^long  8pinea  on  tlie  iipprr  liiab  of  preopi-rcb'.     A  single  spciinieii,  H  ii>i-be» 
long,  from  tlio  <  Jalapiigos  lubinrls,  ('ollected  by  United  .^'ttiti'S  Fish  t'mu- 
misaiou  ati-anier  AlbatrotH.     (iuSuKoi,  a  Hhuaf  of  arrows,  from  the  biiat- 
ling  preoi>«rcl«,) 
7/0 
■ 
^.] 
•ni 


llolaeanthuii  iodoevji,  Jori>a?i  &  itirrrcu.  In  Ullbart,  Prao.  V.  S.  Nat.  Muh.  1890,  445,  Gala- 
pagos Archipelago  I'lypt',  Su.  47747,  U.  S.  Nttl.  Muii.  Coll.  AWalrimt) ;  Joati.v.N  \. 
EvBKUANM,  CliiMik-LUt  Ki8li«fl,421,  IBIWi  name  iiuly. 


Fiimily  CLXVI.  ZANCIJlMv. 
(Thk  MnoiusU  Il)Oi,s.) 


body  oblong,  juucb  comprt-itsed  and  tdevatoil,  rovored  with  ni inn t«« rough 
■fOftles.  Month  ^i^ulll,  with  long,  simidcr,  brush  Iik(t  teeth  ;  no  teafh  on  thv 
'^alatu;  bones  of  top  of  head  thick  and  solid,  developing  with  agu  a  lou- 
■picuons  (DL'dian  horn  uii  the  fortdiL-iid,  wanting  in  Ihu  yonng,  l'r>-o]ii-r- 
ole  auurmed.  Dorsal  single-,  with  7  spines,  l!ie  tbini  and  Kiicceoding 
Hpinfis  prolonged  Into  long  lilaunMvt« ;  iutorspinal  bone  projecting  bcfon^ 
dorsal.  Anal  slniihir  t-o  soft  dorsal,  long,  with  its  ant«rior rays  ]irodncwl; 
a  sniiill  uutrorsi;  spiui?  bi'fore  iinal.  Caudal  pi^dimele  unarmed,  the  flu 
Innate;  pi.'ctoruls  ahoit;  veutruls  poiutcd.  Intostino  long.  Uoracoid 
bones  largely  duvoloped.  yi-rtebrm  reduced  in  number,  SI  +  13  =  22.  Air 
bladder  large.  liranrbiostegalB  4  ;  pylorin  <-ii>ca  11.  tbie  species,  widely 
distribitttnl  about  roi-ky  ishiuds  of  the  I'acil^o.  (Genus  Zanclu»f  Giiiither, 
Cat.,  II,  -lOlMai,  1860.) 

663.  ZANCLUS,  Ctivicr  &,  Valenciennes. 

Xaneiiin  (CoMMEitso.S)  CuvuEB  &  VAi.cwciK.'fNCs,  Uist.  Hat.  foUa.,  vil,  102, 1831  (eomuftur). 

iJonoi'trrri',  Umonow,  Cat,  Fish,,  K<1.  (.>nij'.,7T,  1854  (piwsr»iij). 

(JiMlhueenlrum,  Qvtvamsor,  Ann.  Maine  al  Loire,  IX,  4. 1866,  (centrugnathumt:  young. 

Charttctcfs  of  the  genus  included  above.     {^dyxXoy,  a  sickle.) 

tlUS.  ZAXt-LrX  ('OK>'FTl'S<Llnnn-ii«). 
(Ui>OBISH  IDOI,;  TSKS.\M;   PlqUIEB,-  I'olITR  KKBBmNS.) 

Head  2? ;  depth  about  as  great  a.<4  ti-ngth;  eye  21  in  anoiit.  D.  VII,  38; 
.\,  111,  :<3;  .suoiit  IJ  in  bend,  greatly  ptmluced,  the  upper  prolile  very  con- 
»:nve;  liorn  on  fon.'hi'ad  well  developed,  wanting  in  yonng;  teetli  xleuder, 
brush-llko,  very  uiucli  projecting.     Auterior  r;iy8  of  dorsiil  and  anal  pro- 


1090  Bulklin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


Thia  genna  ini-lnflee  those  TettXlixiMa  which  have  the  tail  armed  nith 
MBhB.rp,  autrorsc,  ]»ncet-like,  niovnlili^apiiie;  stroii);,  fixed,  incisor  teeth; 
reutral  rays,  I,  5,  mid  ii8ually  ii  epinoH  in  the  dorsal  t'lu.  The  iiuiaerotis 
Hpei-ifS  an*  found  in  nil  tropical  fteiiH ;  herbivorous  iishes,  living  about  cnrAl 
roolH;  the  adult  protecte<i  liy  the  niiirderoiiH  caudal  Rpiue,  which  gro^v■ 
larger  with  age.  {tcvUH,  tbe  Scjuid,  l.olii/o;  substitutod  by  Liuux-us  for 
Qrouow'8  name,  Iltpalut,  for  no  eridcut  reason.) 

a.  Candal  spiuo  Niiall ;  speclm  pftlo,  bUTCcI  iriU>  block.  TMOicntar*,  X1D4. 

iM.  Cauilol  apjne itronf; ;  spocioti  notpnU',  liarntl  witb  hWk, 

b.  DorMl  KDil  nnol  wtibimt  j-oUow  utreok,  widened  boliind  on  don«l  uai  natL 
e.  OaUliiti  rliombuid,  the  depth  I J  In  luogtli,  color  brnti-n,  wiuheal  with  diw|i 
blue.  C.«ni'(JII'8,  SI06. 

ee.  Oiitliiio  ovftte,  tbo  depth  about  2  in  len^b;  oslur  brown,  orver  bln«. 

it.  Caaditl  ■imply  biiiarc.  HKPATt's,  Sioe. 

dd.  Caodal  deeply  cniiiTginato. 

<.   Tppcr  b>b«  of  caudal  not  flUmentoiu.  CBKSTOins,  SIU7. 

«!.  Upp'T  lobe  »r  rmidAl  pr<Kbir)Ml  in  h  filanieDI.     bahlamtb,  2106. 

bb.  Dorsnl  and  anal  with  a  joUnw  atrcak  braadenc>d  liuhiud ;  a  licali-colon-d  r.punant 

uudnr  eye.  AUA1.A,  SIOS. 


104.  TRVTHIK  TBIOKTKflCK  (Llnnaeoa). 


Head  3f ;  depth  !{ ;  eye  2J  in  enont.  D.  IX,  23;  A.  III.  21.  Body  ovate, 
anterior  i>roiile  gently  curved,  most  convex  over  eyes;  auont  somewhat 
produced,  noncave  above.  DorMiil  liu  iiiodenife,  autcrior  apiuea  more  or 
leas  L'aiiDeali'iI  in  tbeskiu,  ttie  longest  splni's  iilioiit  1^  in  snout,  the  aott 
rays  shorter;  first  anal  flpiiio  very  abort,  tln'  tliird  Iniigeat,  about  equal  to 
longeat  dorsiil  spiai'H;  soft  x>ortiun  of  niml  about  nn  high  oh  the  third  anal 
apinc;  eandal  slightly  liiuute,  the  lobes  but  little  prwlured;  poctorals 
about  118  long  ns  heiid;  rentrals  us  lung  as  Nuout.  Color  in  life,  dark 
greenish  or  slaty  above,  with  yelluwieh  cloudings;  4-]iiti,  bully,  throat, 
and  a  narrow  etrip  along  bns(>  nf  anni,  whiti;;  vortical  iins  dusky;  anal 
with  a  ii.irrow  whiti;  margin;  pectorals  plain;  ventnils  white  on  under 
Burfaoe;  sidi^s  witb  5  bl.ick  huvn  eai'h  about  as  wide  as  pupil,  the  first, 
beginning  Just  in  front  nf  the*  braiR-liio.stt-gnls,  extends  upward  and  bnck- 
waril  ncrosa  fbeek,  tlirough  eye  ami  to  iiieiliiiii  line  of  back,  where  it  meeta 
its  fellow  from  the  other  aide:  the  second  begins  at  front  of  dorsal  fin  :uid 
extends  downward  to  base  of  prctoral  fioiii  whiib  point  it  is  continued 
downwaril  in  n  niirrowor  line  beginning  on  base  of  |>ectora1  and  ending 
just  above,  bn.se  of  ventral;  the  tbird  begins  near  base  of  sixth  dorsal 
apiiio  and  extendi*  acn;»H  side  to  boJly  .it  a  point  nndw.ty  between  anus 
and  beginning  of  anal  lln;  the  fourth  begins  on  base  of  first  dor.tal  my 
and  estend.s  to  first  aoal  ray;  tbe  lifth  begins  nt  base  of  seventh  dorsal 
ray  and  extends  across  side  to  base  of  lifth  anal  ray;  a  black  spot  ou 
npper  side  of  candal  pe*lanc!n.  Pacific  Ocean;  very  nlmndant  about 
rocky  islands  from  New  Zealand  and  Australi.i  to  the  llawaiii-ui  lalanda 
and  tbe  RcviilagigedoH;  not  yet  fuiiod  clMcnhere  in  American  waters;  onr 
B)>ecinicii8  from  Clarion  anil  .Hocorro  islauda.  (Irioitojus,  r/oet'f,  three; 
dreyo),  to  cover.) 


Jordan  and  Evemian  n .  — Fishes  of  North  A  merica ,     1691 


Cheetodon  trUMegnt,  Lnai.KVB,  Syst.  Nat.,  Ed.  x,  27i,  1TS8,  India. 
Ilarjnirtu  fateuttu;  F0R8TKB,  DeaiT.  Aiiiiii.,Eil.  Liibt.,  210. 
C'AiatudvN  lAra,  Lal^pKub,  Qiat.  Nat.  Poiu.,  Ill, 2S,  flg.  3, 1800,  no  Imality. 
At(uUlmnut*bTa,  LAC£rKl>E.  Uiat.  Nat.  Poim,,  iv.  &46,  pi.  G,  llg.  n,  I802,  no  loc&Iity. 
OhmMatx  «oiM0a,  Lao£i'kiie,  n int.  ^'Bt.  Foias.,  rv,  737, 18M2, 00  locality. 
Acanlhurttii  hintntio,  Be.n.vett,  Cnyinn  Fialius,  II,  pi.  11,  IH30,  Ceylon. 
TmtAU  auttraiit,  (iltAY,  lii  Kind's  Narr.  Survoy  Coast  orAualralln,  11. 435.  li42S. 
Aeanthunu  jiuhurmnlut.  Bknnbtt,  Wballng  Voyage,  It,  37ij,  IMU,  Society  Inlanda. 
Aeantliiintt  tri/ittrgtu,  Ct'vlRK  &  VALKNClCHirai),  Hist.  Xat  I'oisii.,  X,  197, 1HJ5;  GCHTIIWI, 
Cat.,Ul,327,IMI. 

SIOS.  TErTIIIS  (;.f-BULKl'S  (BImib  &.  HchavMur). 
(lUunBHO:  Ull'B  SUKOKUX;  ULL'B  TA.sa.) 

Head  3i;  depth  li.  D,  IX,  27;  A.  IH,  24.  Body  rhomlioid,  tb«  anterior 
prolilH  subverticiil,  nearly  sttiii^jht,  innkiug  au  anwle  of  about  (Wy  with 
asiH  of  body.  Cimliil  ileopl.v  ttiiiaTginMt<!,  ita  Jobea  siibeijiial,  the  middle 
raj'K  j!  letif;tli  of  outer,  ('olur  de«p  blue,  or  rathi-r  bruwti,  wa.-ibtvel  witli 
deep  blue;  Itwly  with  umliilatiuK  loiiKituilinal  pulu-bliiu  strLMika,  no 
dark  cross  bar.-*;  veitic-ul  lius  blur  witb  obliijuo  brotuo  strrakH;  li|ia  and 
cniido;)  Hpiiic  yellow  ;  eilgr  «f  c'liidiil  black  ;  itectoraJs  jolluw;  young  with 
tho  hliio  flliadi'.s  obnolete.  ^VcBt  Indies ;  jronerally  oommon  from  Key  West 
uud  Uenuuda  to  Babiii.     (cwraleus,  blue.) 

Turdut  rlmmboidaliM,  CATlsnr,  Nat.  Hist.  CarollDB,  etc,  1712,  baaed  in  part  on  Blooh. 
AeaiMurtu  emntleuji,  Ulocb  &  S(^:ilMEtl>BB,  Syat.Ichtfa., 314. 1801, after  CATKHDr,  I'AMU. 

and  BnowNB,  Caroliaa,  Havana,  Jamaica;  CuvtsB   &  VALEMcn»irB8,  Blit.  Nat. 

Poiaa.,  X,  179, 1835;  GI'nthkii,  Ciil.,  in,  336, 1881. 
Acantlivrtu  brtrit,  Poky,  Memcirins,  II,  2(17, 186U,  Antilles  .-ind  Havana. 
Aeanthurtm  broiiMiimflii,  Dksmakbst,  IVeiu.  Dcti.  Ichtli.,  26. 1B'J3.  Cuba. 
AeronuruM  etgniUalut,  Poky,  Enaiavnitiu.  69, 187S,  Cuba  ;  youuK. 
TeuthU  etmrultut,  Mkkk  &.  HorntAN,  I.  c,  228, 1884. 

aiM.  TEIITHIS  IIEPATt'8,  Linuncua. 
(Common  StnioEoii;  Ttocn^n-riaa;  LAxcsT-ruH;  BAiui&Hi  Tano;  SAiiiNEcit;  Karbrrci.) 

Head  3i;  depth  3.  D.  IX,  2(i;  A.  Ill,  24.  Form  ovatu;  anterior  profile 
modorut«ly  conv<'X,  fonuiDK  an  angluof  40^^'  with  axis  of  body.  Caudal 
Niinply  Innate,  its  iuiier  raya  about  jj  leii^ftb  of  outi-r  luyN;  cuiulnl  lobea 
8ub6i|tiJil,  tlio  upper  iiovor  )Uaiii<>iitouB.  C'obir  dark  cijivo  brown,  more'  or 
Ibhs  distinct !y  };rot'C)isii ;  luidiUe  of  isideH  jiabir;  nidrs  with  about  12  dis- 
tinct blaokish  %'('rlii;«l  bar.s,  rather  uiirrower  than  the  iiititrttpaccH,  uost 
distinct  over  front  of  aual ;  a  brovcni.sh  stripe  iilouf;  liast>  of  dur.sal ;  wpi- 
nons  dorital  with  alternate  stripes  ruiiuiii),;  upward  and  bm-kward,  of  dark 
blue  and  tiroiis-f  olive,  thf  two  rolors  of  about  <'i|iinl  width;  wilt  doreal 
with  a  bhiish  struak  on  the  anterior  side  of  «>afli  ray,  and  a  bronze  stripe 
behind  it;  iins  very  dark,  often  aitiiost  black.  West  Indies;  t-oiniiioii  from 
Florida  to  Bahia.  This  in  the  most  abundant  speoies  of  the  gfiiiiH,  being 
apparently  comruon  thronghont  the  West  ludiea,  and  certainly  so  at  Key 
West  and  Ciiliu;  ranging  northward  pi-rhaps  as  far  tta  Charlestou,  donbt- 
leKs  not  to  NoAV  York,  where  it  i»  ri-portiMl  on  the  aiitbority  of  the  confused 
collection  of  Milbert.  {hepatiu,  aa  old  name  of  sunit;  IihIi,  from  hrpan, 
liver,; 


1692         Bulletin  ^7,  United  Stales  National  Museum, 


TrulhU  hrpatu;  LiXNjsrs,  SystVat.,  Ed.  xii,SOT,  ITM,  Carolina;  after  Jltpatna  miurrmw 

rrflcin,  OboBOW. 
ChiTlodun  eJiinirgut,  Bixx'ii,  Ao«l.  Flaf  h .,  W,  pi.  2Sd,  No.  24,  ITM,  Martinique;   uo  a  draw- 

iug  by  Pi.rMiEK. 
/ieaiMumt  /lepaiu*,  VuvH  *;   S->inEii>BB,  Syat.  Icbtb.,  211.  IBOli  in  part,  not  of  later 

wntrm. 
Aeanthunn  jihUbotomuJi.  CL'vibb  ,v  ViU.KNCiBiniE8,  HisUNal.  Poisa.,x,l7(i.  I(Blfi,  Martin- 
ique, Brazil,  Havana.  New  York;  rosr,  Beportoiio,  I,  SM,  1M7:  Pomr,  S.v-nopal>. 

345,  1Ik7,18B6 
Aerommit/iiAiti^,  flNONitw.  C.-iU  Viithfa,  TM.  Gray,  1  IS,  18M  (name typo  a»  T.  h»pahu  I..| 
AeroMtrtttenriietnt,l'i<l'.y.  Menn)inin,  ii,a«i,  IB*1,  Cuba;  younn, 
Acanthurtt*  ehiniinjiui.  (v'rvtiSB  A:  VAMCNCiKN.tKs,  Hint  NnL  PolitB.,  X,  IM,  1835;  GC:mi|Ui, 

(.'at.,  itl.3'JS,  1861;  Poky,  Synopsis,  :i5.M808;  JoBLiA!!  &  CtLBBRT,  Srnnpaia,  817, 1883. 
Aeanlhtifiit  ni<mfaiu,  Jokdaj*  Sc  Cilbkbt,  Syoopnia,  941. 1883,-  not  OAoCadOn  n^rriedM, 

UnuiBus,  from  lliu  Krai  Sp«. 
Tfuthis  luitutut,  Mekk  k  IIorKMAN.  (.«.,  229,1884. 


il'il.   TErrniS  «'UI:STUMS,  Jonlun  a,  SUrlu. 


(I'lARUXUu  NlMllill.) 


He!id3i;  depth  Ig.  D.IX,i!6;  A.I11,24;  kuohMj  in  hwvd;  oye3i;  pec- 
toral o<]ULil  til  buiid ;  cuikUiI  {  1iia^i-r  tli:iii  Lend ;  Innirredt,  doi-Kid  Hpine  equal- 
injc  loiigext  Bol't  ray,  14  iu  head  ;  veulral  1!  iu  Iiead.  Body  deep  and  coui- 
pr«HWHl,  the  anterior  |irc)lil«  Htoop,  ctmvox  befnrpeye;  randal  Innate,  the 
upper  riiy  i  [oilier  than  middle  oiit>,  vt-ntralti  very  long.  Body  slitty 
brown,  mottled  with  Kiay  but  without  It.'iDdH;  dorsal  with  a  bluiBb  grmy 
baud  at  base,  then  a  bronze  i>iiv,  farkinfr  on  siift  diirsal,  ini'lo-Hing  a  Iduibb 
jjray  b;»n<l;  n  gray  hands  .lud  1  hron/e  ones  on  dorsal  moroor  Iohh  distinct, 
e.^jiecially  iu  yonu);^;  an:il  with  '>  blitinh  Kray  and  .5  hnm/u  bands  more 
tddiiinc  than  tbu.no  ou  dormkl  and  hcncu  not  continnouH  the  whole  leujifth 
of' tin;  L-aiida!  pediiuclo  blurk,  a  whitish  yellow  cions  baud  lu'hiud  «pino, 
foiiit  in  adult,  tbr  aiiUTior  iiiiirgin  \t?rtif.'»l,  the  posterrur  conravt-;  re«t 
of  cniulal  bhick:  |iuctiiral  yollitwiRh;  v<!ntrj»l»  dnaky,  the  spino  hlack. 
Adult  with  tbr  pcctoiid  ijuito  VLdlow;  pale  baud  at  base  of  caudal  fjrow- 
ion  faint  with  age;  a  blue  Mlreuk  along  base  of  dorsiil.  LtMigth  8  to  Ifl 
inuhcH.  Kocky  >>hore8  on  the  wtuit  coast  of  Muxico  fVooi  Mnziitlau  to 
Tanaina;  coinuion  at  Mn/.iitlan.  Also  obtained  by  Dr.  Gilbert  in  IK81 
at  Mazatlan  and  ranauni.  Thi-so  Hpeoimt'iia  having  been  dvstroyed  hy 
lire,  bftvu  nevLT  been  de.'tcribiul,  and  wcr<<  pruvisiunally  and  iucorre«t)y 
referred  to  tbe  West  Indian  spt-cioB  Truth'm  tra'tat  (bahianiit),  from  which 
this  «pet'iiiM  difb-rs  in  a  few  rosp«ct.H,  (Named  for  Crouton  '  lalniid,  a  coiu- 
irmudiug  peak  In  tliu  hiirbor  of  Mazathiu  at  tht^  baue  of  which  this  species 
tibounda.) 

Teuthui  ertttonit.JuUBAM  ic8tAUliS,i'lt\u>»  of  Siiiftlou,  in  Proc.Cal.  Ao.  S<!i.  IHffA.  485.  pi.  47, 
Maxatlan.    (Type,  No.  2890,  L.  .S.  Jr.  Univ.Mun.    Cull.  HupkinnexpoiliUoii  to.Sinaloa.) 


*  "  Revuiid  tbp  limibaiid  vrMU  i(fl  palm  tree  looe 
F1iihIi«i<  th*  bciiioti  lii:lil  on  t<tll  ("rcmiju: 
Tl]e  last  »ihI  linii^'ltiii'Ht  nC  lh<'  >Taf>t;v  horde, 
Skm  Madro  ih>uu!I  I'urtti  uccauHoril.'' 


Jordan  and  Evertnann. — Fishes  of  North  Anurica.      1693 


t\m.  TKIITHM  BAHUXLN  (Cuteliwa). 

(lUitnEmo^  Oi'CAN  Tavcm 

Head  3|;  depth  2.  D.  I\.  24 ;  A.  Ill,  22.  Ontline  ovitto;  anterior  profile 
fniKlerately  ronvex,  makiug  iiD^le  of  45''  with  axis  of  iHXIy.  C»ii<]itl 
di'oply  einnrginate,  its  upper  lobe  much  the  longer,  in  iidult  slender  and 
nsnally  produced  into  ii  filament,  the  inner  rays  \  length  of  outrr  niyii 
(in  adult).  Color  diak  bn>wn,  lilotohed  with  piiler  1>elow,  no  transverHo 
bars;  broim,  wavy,  longituilinni  atretikH  on  sidoa  of  body;  8  dark  lines 
running  parallel  witb  edge  of  dorsal  tin  for  ita  vrboln  length  and  He|)arated 
by  interspaces  of  naiuo  width;  margin  of  caudal  (in  hluinh  with  a  violet 
biiHv;  no  distini-t  dark  rroHS  bar  at  base  of  i-aadal.  Loti^th  1  fiK>t.  West 
Indies  and  neighboring  i-oasts  of  tropical  America  from  Key  West  to 
Bnbia;  th«  adult  easily  known  from  related  species  by  the  form  of  the 
caudal,  the  young  by  the  tin  ruyH  and  tho  markings;  our  specimens  from 
Key  West  and  llahia.     (Name  li'om  Bahia.) 

iloatitAunM  ttahiantu.  C.verrRiJ<A(',  Anim.  non  v.  oa  Rami  do  L'Aiurr.  ilii  Suit.  24,  pL  11,  fig. 

1, 1856.  Bahm  ;  Jordan.  Pn>c.  I".  S.  N«L  Mas.  18U0.  »23. 
StanthMTHt  Iractut,  Poev,  Mcniortaa,  n,  3US,  ISfiO,  Cubs ;  I'obt,  ItoportorJo.  39(1,  lJ<eT;  Jur- 

Dim  *  UlU«in',3;na|>«i«,IMI.  11W3. 
Aeronunu  nifpituliu.  Poet,  Enumerstio,  69,  m5,Cub> ;  larval  fonn. 
JcunlAunii  moloidcn,  JOkbA!C&.  UnAKBTiProc.  U.S.  Nst.Uiia.I88S,  628;  not  uf  CUVIKK  &. 

Tmthit  (rocttu,  MUK  &.  HomiAN,  L  «.,  220,  ISM. 

8I0D.  TUrTHI.H  ALULA  (UMsen). 

(PmiJisoriiK  I 

Head  3| ;  depth  1 J  to  l> ;  eye  \ii ;  niaxillnry  4);  in  head.  D.  IX,  30;  A.  Ill, 
26;  iVom  eye  to  cornei  of  mouth  t^  iu  head;  gill  opening  U  in  bead; 
ojiercle  short  and  obliquely  set,  4^  in  head;  liunieral  l>one  striate.  Ilody 
ovate,  strongly  compressed,  rloaely  rovercd  with  small  rough  sr^abis  whii'h 
become  sliagrceu-liko  on  head;  lateral  lini^  present  but  obHciiro;  anterior 
profile  strongly  cdiivi'i  above  and  beforn  thecyo,  thence  somewhat  concave 
nod  nearly  vertical  to  the  smnll  projecting  mouth.  Teeth  broml,  digitate, 
each  witb  4  or  fi  claw-like  serrtn  at  ti|>;  lower  teeth  with  the  serrm  ninch 
smaller,  forming  notcbi'S,  Jaws  very  Hhurt,  about  ei|ual,  about  10  incisma 
iu  each.  Anterior  nostril  moderate;  close  to  posterior,  which  is  inmh 
Hiiiallcr.  Dorsal  and  anal  low,  continuous,  rounded  behind;  louKOst 
dorsal  ray  ne.ir  end  of  tin,  2^  in  head  ;  longest  anal  ray  2  in  heiwl ;  caudal 
lunatr,  upper  and  lowiTungles  produced,  but  acuminate  and  short,  middle 
rays  H  in  head,  the  outer  1  in  bead;  caudal  spine  very  strong,  2^  iu 
head,  attaohcd  near  its  posterior  enil,  tbr  short  sharp  ]>ost«rior  nid  (rev, 
the  long  knife-like  anterior  portion  slipping  into  a  groove  in  the  Hesh; 
pectoral  long,  i  longer  than  hea>1 ;  veutntis  1,>  in  hua<l.  Color  dark  piir- 
jilish  brown,  aluiost  black;  a  pale-yellowish  or  tlesh-colored  orescentia 
area  under  eye;  a  ring  of  pearly  whitish  around  mouth,  not  quite  oontin- 
nous  above;  a  pale  streak  along  dorsal  tin,  widening  behind  into  «  pale> 


1694  Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


orange  patoh,  occupying  |  of  height  of  lost  ray ;  base  of  last  ray  dnaky ; 
anal  marked  in  the  same  way  as  the  soft  dorsal ;  a  very  narrow  pale  edge 
to  soft  parts  of  dorsal  and  anal;  pectoral  black;  caudal  abruptly  pale  at 
end  of  black  caudal  peduncle,  with  a  curved  dark  Htreak  parallel  with 
edge  of  fin  and  nearly  the  diameter  of  the  eye  behind  it;  behind  this  a 
diffuse  yellow  area  parallel  with  the  dark  streak ;  fin  behind  with  a  nar- 
row pale  edging;  flap  of  opercle  narrowly  pale.  East  Indies  to  west 
coast  of  Mexico ;  taken  in  abundance  on  Socorro  and  Clarion  islands  by 
Mr.  Bichanl  C.  McGregor.  Onr  siiecimens  above  described  seem  to  agree 
in  all  respects  with  accounts  of  the  East  Indian  species,  (xkan-ali-ala, 
its  name  at  the  island  of  Oualan.) 

Aeanthanu  aliala,  Lksson,  Voyage  Ctxiuille,  Zool.,  ii,  150, 1830,  Oualan.     (Coll.  Leason 

Si.  Oarnot.) 
Aeanthunu  glaueopareiut,  Cotier  &  Valencibkneh,  Hiat  Nat.  Poi«s.,  x,  190, 1835,  Oualan ; 

Molucca  (after  Harpurut  glaueoparritt*.  Fobsteb.  unpublinhed  drawing  of  specimen 

from  Otahelte,  called  Harpurvu  nigritant  by  Blogh  &  Schmiobb)  ;  GOhthkb,  Clat.,  ii, 

839. 

665.  XBSURUS,  Jordan  &  Everraann. 

Xetunti,  JoBDAif  A,  Bvbbmann,  Cheek-Lliit  Fishen,  421, 1896  (punetatiu). 

Teeth  in  1  row,  each  5-lobed;  caudal  peduncle  armed  with  3  large  bony 
plates,  placed  in  a  right  line,  each  one  with  a  bluntish,  nonserrated  keel. 
This  genus  is  close  to  the  East  Indian  genus,  Prioiturus  LaG<<p^de,  differ- 
ing chiefly  in  the  character  of  the  caudal  armature,  the  plates  in  Prionums 
beingsmall,  sharper,  and  in  greater  number,    ^edti,  scraxiiug ;  ovpd,  tail.) 

a.  Body  very  deep,  the  depth  in  adult  1)  in  length;  body  and  fins  ereryvhere  coreretl 
with  round  blackish  spots;  caudal  plates  with  elevated  keel  (in  the  male),  sur- 
rounded by  smaller  tubercles.  rONOTATDS,  2110. 

aa.  Body  not  very  deep,  not  revered  with  blackish  spots. 

b.  Body  ovate,  tlie  depth  2  in  length;  coloration  nearly  uniform. 

ri,ABIONI8,  2111. 
66.  Body  obloug,  tlio  depth  2)  in  Irngtii :  a  brond  brown  lateral  band. 

I.ATICLAV1U9,  2112. 

2110.  XKSIIKVK  PI'>OTATi;S  (Gill). 

(COCIIINITO.) 

Hoad4;  depth  IJ.  D.  VII,  26,  or  VIII,  26;  A.  Ill,  23;  V.  I.  5;  snout  IJ  in 
head;  eye  5^;  poctoral  louj;  as  head;  ventral  Ij  in  head;  caudnlli',;  second 
dorsal  spine  2  in  Load.  Adult  (of  16^  inches) :  Body  deep,  roinpri-SHod, 
covered  with  fine  velvet;  anterior  profile  concave  before  eye,  then  con- 
vex, the  abort  conic  snout  projecting,  lower  jaw  included.  Proopercle 
obliquely  placed,  its  bony  ed>;e  slightly  roughened.  Caudal  witli  'A  stout, 
compressed,  blunt  spines,  with  broad  bases,  the  tips  turned  upward,  the 
spines  whitish,  witli  l>lack  baHes.  Some  speoimen.i,  probably  females,  with 
no  other  spines;  others,  probably  males,  with  many  spines,  similar  in  form 
but  much  smaller,  scattered  over  posterior  half  of  body,  most  numerous 
about  the  other  spines,  these  black  in  color.  Young  with  3  small  blunt 
laminie  only.  Gill  rakers  extremely  small  and  weak.  Caudal  evenly 
Innate;  pectoral  not  falcate.    Teeth  |  ou  each  side,  iucisor-liko,  lobate. 


Jordan  and  Evemiaun. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1G95 


I 


Color  of  iuliilt,  nlive  greeD,  i»litfhtly  palor  below,  every  wh<?re  evenly  cov- 
ered with  smuli,  rouriil,  blark  spnt:*,  oloat^  set  btU  not  ronltoeat,  the  l:trg(>Ht 
ftbout  e(|Uiil  t(>  iioHtril;  ciuichil  puiluiii'lt<  uiiil  tin  :ibru]>tly  bright  y<.'llu\v, 
nnipotted;  tithor  tins  cnlorod  like  tho  body  .ind  Kiniifarly  !^]ioiti'(l,  the 
apotd  more  apur»e;  vertical  lius  iliiHky-od^^ed,  the  HpolH  ft^wiT  oti  the  edfj^e. 
Young,  lij{ht  steol  blue  or  gray,  paler  Imlow  ;  a  triiiugwiar  silvery  }iatcb  on 
ltro;i8t  ami  operclos;  cjiudal  (in  canary  yellnw,  siiuiutiniea  white,  cbmdetl 
at  base;  Bpcoud  dorsal  and  anal  black,  a  daik  bar  from  napu  through  ey«; 
snout  duwky ;  small  dark  spots  evBrywh»<re  on  body,  these  HOmetinoa  bo 
niiinerniiH  as  tu  rt^duco  the  (ground  color  to  leticulaliong.  Rocky  plueen 
on  the  Paoilic  cooHt  of  Mexico  ;  reaching  a  length  of  18  incbea  ;  the  young 
of  I  or:iinrhpa  in  length  iibuiidaiit  in  rock  poolei  about  Cape  Sau  Lucaa 
and  Mazatlan.  The  adult  taken  by  uh  iibotit  Crestoti  Island  and  by  Dr. 
Gilbert  about  the  Kevillagigedos  and  Citpe^Jaii  Lucoti,    (;4un(.-fa<N«,  spotted.) 

/YHmur«#>»ww(<i<H#,  Gill,  I*rw.  Ac,  Nats  S<>l.  Phik.  1863,  842,  Cape  San  Lucaa  ;  yuuug. 

((^»11.  John  XaftttiH.) 
Xeturutpunctului.  JOBDAN.  Fiahoa  of  Sloalou,  488,  pL  46, 1B95. 

^Mll.  XESrBDS  fLARIONIK,  Gilbert  ic  Stuka. 

Head  3i  in  length  tu  base  of  caudal;  depth  2.     I),  VII,  26;  A.  Ill,  22; 

eye  H  in  snout;  pectoral  4  in  k'Ugth;  ventral  7.  Prolilo  undulating;  con- 
cave on  HDOiit  and  above  evca,  producod  btd'ore  eyes  and  at  occiput;  occi- 
put fonniiin  a  well-rounded  augli',  behind  which  th<i  onrvo  of  the  back  ia 
uniform  to  tlw  ciindal  peduncle.  Toi-th  in  a  single  row,  alike  in  both 
Jawh,  wide  and  Hat  outer  margin  oblique,  divided  into  5  rounded  lobes; 
lower  jaw  inchnled;  gill  (>p<'niiig  cijiial  in  length  to  pectoral;  11  rat  dorsal 
apine  }  as  long  a!4  tho  others,  which  tire  tjulmijunl;  v^'utrat  Hpiue  extend- 
ing to  middle  of  vent,  i  length  of  soft  rays;  upper  rays  of  poetorai  pro- 
dnced,  the  tin  siin»i''whataciit.eat  tip;  poBtt-rior  margin  of  pectoral  concave ; 
anal  nbghtly  higher  thou  ttnl't  rays  ordoi-s.<il  but  einiitar  in  outline.  Body, 
head,  and  ftns  everywhere  with  a  vilioQH  covering;  3  large  bony  plates 
near  tail,  not  with  recurvnil  spines  in  our  speeiuiens.  Color  iu  alcohol, 
uniform  dark  brown,  often  liuuly  mottled  with  darker  in  life,  the  eaudul 
dark  yellowish.  Nninertnts  HiiceimiMis  lis  inches  long,  obtaiaed  by  1 'r. 
Oilhert  (All/It  I  ring  Coll,),  at  Ciarion  labind  in  the  KeviHagigedo  Archi- 
pelago. This  spci'ifs  is  ninch  deeper  than  Xeiiirun  hitii'ltiHii»,  as  shown  in 
thv  figure  given  by  Valenciennes,  and  shows  no  lateral  baud,  but  it  may 
be  the  adult  of  the  same  species, 
XtMuruM  elariuitit,  (j lLnp:H r  &i  Staiikh,  l'r>ic.  TT,  S.  Nat.  Miia.  18U0, 44S.  pL  SI,  darion  Island. 

X£.SL'BrH  l,ATIl'LAVIL'S  (Talcnclonnes). 

Head*;  depth  21;  eye  4;  snout  1*.  D.  VII,27  {Vin,28):  A.  Ill  or  IV,  23. 
Snoot  much  proilneed,  ant-erior  proHle  below  eye  concave,  between  eye 
and  dorsal  fin  convex;  3  ]ihite8  on  median  line  of  caudal  [leduiu'lf,  of 
nearly  uniform  size;  X  incisorw  on  I'ach  side  of  up]>er  juw.  Color  yellow- 
ish or  oraugo.  a  broad  hanil  of  darker  or  brownish  extending  from  gill- 
opening  to  base  of  caodal  fin,  narrowing  toward  postoiior  end;  body 


i 


pTottimtUr  coTtwd  witk  toe  darker  piiiictnl«tia— :  to*  all  pmlc  oraage. 
(Description  from  Valaocieanea'a  pUt«,  whidi  mmj  iDcmreotK  represent 
Xmutm*  puneictuM. ).  Galapa^M  lalancU;  only  tb«  type  known.  {Uttu 
aide;  <ri<tri«,  stripe.) 

Priauurtu  iaIirUTitu.  VAuaKtMMsmt,  Vtijngm  Vtmn^.  MB,  yL  T,  <c.S,  ISM.  Cmtapa(o» 
UlaAd*:  UCaTBKR,  CaC,  in.  Ml,  un. 


OltMip  PLECTOGNATni. 


(The  PLECTOGWATHOrS  FiSHBS.) 

Oue  of  the  most  important  oflahoota  of  the  Aemulkcpltri  is  the  gronp  or 
order  FUclognatIti,  iocludini;  the  3  »ul)onler»  of  Sfl«r«dermi,  thtracodfrmi 
and  OfmmodoHtet.  The  extremes  of  this  Kniap  show  a  remarkable  diver- 
gence from  the  usoal  type  of  spiny-rayed  lishea.  The  more  generalized 
forms  are,  however,  very  cloae  to  the  group  c:iU*.><l  SqHomipinnrt,  and  aspe- 
oially  to  the  family  of  Truthidi<hr.  There  can  t>e  no  doubt  of  the  common 
origin  of  Balittidir  and  Tfiilkidid<r  an<l  that  the  divergence  is  comparatively 
recent.  The  close  connection  of  these  groups  leads  ns  to  subordinate  tbe 
FUctognathi  to  tbe  JcaHlhopferi  and  to  place  its  3  subonlers  in  their  natural 
position  as  an  offshoot  from  the  Sqiiamipinne*.  The  I'ltctognalki  may  be 
thus  deducd :  * 

S<-apnla  suspended  tn  tbe  cranium  by  a  post-temporal  wbiob  is  short, 
ondi  vided,  and  aiichylose^l  to  tbu  epiotic.  Premasillaries  usually  coonilfied 
with  tbe  maxillaries  bebiud  itnd  the  dentary  bones  with  tbe  articnlar; 
interopercle  a  slender  rod;  biwer  pbaryugiial  bones  distinct;  upper  pharyn- 
geala  laminar,  nsnally  vertiral  and  trnnsversv;  skin  usuully  with  roagh 
shields  or  scales  or  bony  plates ;  Kkeleton  imperfectly  nssifled,  the  nnmber 
of  vertebrie  usuiilly  sumll,  typically  loss  th:i(i  L'4  lUKuallv  14  to  20);  rarely 
cousicleralily  increaHed.  0ill-o(>euiiiK8ri;8trli-tcil  to  tbe  sides;  ventral  tinB 
rediic-ed  or  wanting,  tbe  pelvic  iHitieH  usually  eloiififtte.  Spinniis  ilursal 
small  or  Wiinting:  air  blai9<ler  without  ilnit.  t'iHhe.x  rbietiy  of  the  tropica, 
mostly  iuiurtive  aud  depending  nti  their  toncb  skin  ur  bony  or  spinous 
anuatiirc  for  their  protection.    (irAcxrd;,  braided  or  joined;  yydOoi,  jaw.) 

Snliorders  of  Plkctcmwathi. 

a.  Jswe  -ritb  dlsllnrt  teeth. 

li.  Spinoaa  dnnial  prnaent^  body  with  *ca]«h  or  movable  plalei.  ScucBODRimi. 

bb.  Spbious  doriial  wiuitiii((:  body  (!iii'.iu<iMl  )u  iin  iniui(ivalil«  carapooe  of  hexagonal 

platen ;  thejawfi,  liwies  of  finn,  ami  Inil  only  fn-e.  OsTiuoousaili. 

aa.  Jawa  pach  modini'<l  foto  a  sort  of  Iwak  ;  I'licti  Jan'  wiih  un  vnamel-Iike  covr-ring  and 

vritliont  diHtinrt  tmth ;  gcalexrlionilioidor  Dpinifunn,  witli  root-liki'  insertiona: 

■plnouH  iliinui)  waotfng.  GriuiotKiirrss. 


Suborder  SCLERODEllMI. 

Plectognaths  with  n  B|iiiiou»  ilorsal  composed  jjf  one  or  more  spfnoa 
inserted  jii«t  belihid  Hip  ci-aiiiiini;  liOiJy  of  tlio  itormal  linh-tikc  Hbape; 
BcaleB  rougli,  or  B]>iiii>;<.'ronB,  af  P'^nlar  (Virni;  jaws  with  (li^tinrt  teeth, 
conical  or  iiici**(ir-like.  Four  familicfl  may  be  recognized.  (^M^tfpdi, 
hard;  SepMcc,  aikia.) 

a.  Ventral  flnsreprescnlnl  earh  br  a  largn  «piti«,  normnlly  articulating  witli  the  pelvic 
bone*:  bmIim  rmttiiltd,  tnurA  or  U>8Hiipiiii);eniin;  vertcbrii-  ll>. 

THHI-AjrTHIll,K.  CIJCVIII. 

<M.  Veotral  fliia  obitoleteur  tli«  pair n*preMiil<Ml  by  saiagle>iiplii»ut  tboi-ml  uf  tlio  long 
pelvic  biini';  acolc*  riiii):li.  rhowbin,  ur  Hpinirnrai. 
b.'  Vertcbni'  iti  «tuiUI  imin1>cr.  IT  to  31 ;  no  barbiO  at  cliln .  01}  opening  not  before 
the  eyes, 
e.  FirHt  daraal  compofiifd  oT  3,  rurvly  2  spiDCN,  tlio  tint  apino  rpry  large,  the 
Kecoml  locking  it  in  croctloD :  aciUi-n  cumpamtlTely  large,  booy,  rougb, 
rartuiuK  a  ciiat  of  mail;  vertobni;  17.  IUu^tiu^k,  clxix. 

ce.  Firat  dureal  of  »  aingle  apiac,  witb  a  rudlmont  at  its  liiiae;  scales  minate, 
uttt  Iwiiy,  the  udgeH  spiDusvent.  ao  that  tbe  anrfaco  ciT  tbe  biidy  ia 
r«iish  velvety.  Moiiai-a.nthid.«,  clxx. 


l> 


n 


Family  CLXVIII.  TRIACANTHrP.fi. 

Body  roni]irefwe(l,  rnvered  with  Hinall  or  rRioate  rounded  scales  more  or 
h-M  BpiDi>;eriiiie,  Mitiitli  siunll ;  teeth  in  1  or  2  serieH  in  e:u-h  jaw,  conii-al 
or  iucieior-lifct-.  l-'irsit  dorsal  fin  of  '.^  to  6  strong  spiues,  thu  first  one  l;irg<«8t; 
soft  (toTHiil  ratluT  long  and  low.  Himihir  to  nual ;  ventral  fio»eai-h  u  strong 
Bpin«  attached  to  the  pelvic  bdiic;  verlcbrir  (in  Tria<-an/Aii»)  9  +  10  =  19. 
Three  genera  and  about  5  species;  trnpical  shore  lislips,  chiptly  East 
Iiidiiiu,  1  of  them  .Vniei-iciiii.  (Triacanihina,  OUnther,  Cut.  Fiataea,  viii, 
20«-2]l,  1870.) 

Tbiacasthouis.i;  : 
o.  Teeth  conical,  not  inciaor-Ulte:  oanilail  peiliiu<-l<<  aliort. 

b.  Teeth  In  one  row  in  each  Jaw.  Hollakdu,  MM. 


666.  HOLLARDIA,  Poey. 

IToOardiii,  Porr,  Uemorlaa,  n,  348,  IMl  (holUirxiit. 

Body  ciuiipressed,  rhoiuboid ;  ibc  baclc  elevated  inesially,  the  dorsal 
and  ventral  iintllni's  siniilivr.  Ttorsal  iueerted  postiTinrly,  with  li  Hpines, 
not  depressible  in  a  furrow,  the  lirNt  spine  inncli  larger  ftnd  longer  tb.in 
the  others;  veiitrnl  »piiie.H  long  and  rough  ;  teeth  i-onical,  in  1  nerie*,  aliont 
10  iu  each  jaw  ;  no  distinct  Literal  lino;  siiilesesich  of  several  simple  spinea 
separate  to  the  ba.<ie,  long  aud  nhaq).  One  species.  (Xainnd  for  Henri  Hol- 
lard,f  at  one  time  profe.sHor  of  zoology  in  the  faculty  of  sciences  at  Poiten, 

•  Vertoline  29  ur  SO,  iiliin  wllli  ii  lony  bartwl,  (;1I1  opotiluaa  bcforn  the  eyoa,  in  the  Eaat 
Indian  rainilv.  f'silnrrjifialutir. 

I  "Je  i>riu  M.  Ilollard  itnccrptiT  mun  liiimniiiKe,  •■uiuul'  un  tribut  de  reconnaUaaiico 
ponr  In  b^ii  iravail  qu'il  a  lns£r6  dana  Ina  Annalea  dea  Sciencea  Maturallea."     <Po«y.) 


1698  Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


Holland,  anttior  of  "  Monnjjraphie  dn  liv  familte  rles  BaliAtnidM  "  (1853)  aud 
otlirr  jiajicrs,  the  chief  Roiin'o  of  our  kiiowlodf;o  of  the  Mtxiicturu  aud 
relatiouH  of  the  PleotognatliN.) 

3118.  IIOI.r.AKItU  IIOI.I.ARni,  Pitpy. 

Heii.1  25 ;  dopth  1:^ :  eye  larj,'*,  '2\  in  head.  D.  VI,  17;  A.  14 ;  P.  15;  V.  12. 
I'micr  imd  lowifr  ]irt>rili'H  of  bejid  equally  oblii|iie;  ttnst  doroal  Rpiiie  At 
middle  of  limly  ;ind  at  ita  LiKliest  point;  tiMitli  slender,  5+5  in  eitt-h  Jaw; 
fin  rnys  all  mngh:  voiitial  8]iliios  loujiPr  than  lonjfOBt  doraiil  spiue,  \\  in 
head;  soft  verti<':il  firvN  i'oiiiid(>d;  |ie<'t(iral  Hliort.  pointed;  gill  oiii'Ding 
vertical;  Hkiu  overywlierc  very  r<tu;rh.  I'ale  greenixh,  with  inteirnpted 
durk  Imuds.  Cuba;  a  single  injured  Hpecimeu,  9}  InchM  long,  washed 
ashore  ou  the  rwf  near  Havauit. 

iroUardia  holUirdi,  Pnisir,  MeiuurlaH,  it,  S4S,pL18,  t)g.  11,1801.  Cutni;  G L'TilTBKB.  Cat..  TIU, 

SUB,  18TU. 

Ftttnily  0]>XIX.  lULISTID^. 

(TlIK  TKIGOER-FianSS.) 

Body  oltloiif^.  or  ovate,  modunitfly  coiupreMsed,  povori'd  Avith  rathrr 
tarjje  ron^fli  mjileh  or  souths  of  vftryiiij;  foiiu,  th«  scnti-s  not  forming  un 
iininovalilc  cjiraiiai'v.  Lateral  Iin<'  oliMcore  or  -wantioir.  Mouth  umaJt, 
tenuintil,  low;  jaws  slittrt.  eai:h  with  jiltoiit  1  serips  of  separate  imiaor- 
likc  teeth;  eye  nejir  ot'cipiit:  pri'nrliital  vrry  deep.  Chin  •wilLont  barlrtjl. 
ftill  ojieninffs  small,  slit-like,  above  or  in  front  of  pfitoral  fins,  and  not 
bf>for<>  eyes.  Dorsal  (iiiti  2,  the  antrrior  of  2  or  3  spiuva,  the  first  spine 
litiuhi>st.  vor,v  etrnng.  the  sucond  loi'king  it  in  iTection:  second  dorsal 
reniot(>  from  th«  llrst,  of  many  «oft  rays;  caiidnl  fin  rounded  or  forked; 
vfiitnil  lin.t  «  anting,  tlieir  phii-o  otiupiwl  by  a  single  stout  thii'k  spine  at 
the  end  of  the  mtv  long,  i)»ii.tlty  iu"vn1ile,  piibir  boue.  FoHt-t<-mporal 
short,  Bitiiple.  tlit>  forks  obtiti'rated,  the  bone  groMn  solidly  to  the  sknll, 
and  with  no  foramen.  W-rti-brif  iu  reducoil  number  (171.  Genera  about 
fl,  specica  nboiit  50.  Shori'  fishes  of  the  tropical  seas,  of  rathiir  large  sirCf 
carnivorous  or  partly  In-rbivorons,  vi>ry  rarely  iisojI  as  food,  ni.any  of  them 
reputed  as  jidIhouous.  Aci-ording  to  I>r.  Day,  "Eating  the  Jiesh  of  theM 
fishes  occasions  in  places  sj'mptoiiis  of  most  virulent  poisoning.  Dr.  Men- 
nier,  at  tlie  Mauritius,  eonsiderB  th.'tt  the  poisonous  flesh  nets  primarily  on 
tho  nervous  tissue  of  ^ho  stomaeb,  ociasiouing  violent  spiksnis  of  thot 
organ  and  shortly  afterwards  of  nil  the  inuatles  of  thi»  body.  The  frame 
becomes  racked  with  spuanis,  the  tongiio  thiekcned,  the  «<ye  fixed,  thi» 
breathing  labovioits,  and  the  patient  expires  in  a  parnxysm  nf  extreme 
suffering."    (7{it^«fi(/.i ,  geiius  llalittu,  tiUnther,  Cat.,  vn, 211-229, 1»70.) 

a.  Ciudnt  podiinclp  rnmprcsned. 
b.  Todtl)  wliUe  or  |iiili-,  nut  nx!. 

t.  T<iet1i  iiDci|iiivl,  nblicjtip,  e«rh  one  deoply  noU-hwI. 

d.  GUI  «|ieninfr  with  n  nnrnlier  nf  eriliirfiMl  linny  pllltes  or  srntM  bebiiid 
it:  vcDlrnl  tlnp  movaltlo,  8ii|ij>orlfd  In'  n  Hiring  nf  apinea,  moraor 
luHH  freo  nt  tip,  mid  rt'iirml>llng  tin  my<:  cliveks  nntirolv  R«ia1cd, 
wltliniii  naked  gnxivi-*  or  patcboB;  eye  with  a  groove  before  It; 
•oalM  ntber  unoU,  60  to  15. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1699 


t.  Dorwl  and  aniil  fins  falcate  in  the  ndnlt:  candal  lobes  acnmlnate 
ill  adult ;  Intcnil  lino  ali^iuler,  iinilulutc,  nioif  or  Irna  developetl : 
aoalea  of  titll  and  po«t<!iior  parts  iinurmMl.  xlmilar  tu  thoneoo 
reat  or  iKidy',  ventral  Map  n-ith  Hlvudcr,  eblu-ii  npiuc*;  ttilnl 
donal  epinc  littli*  smallor  than  aecoiiil  and  remote  from  it. 

Balibtes.  007. 
Of.  Doraal  and  anal  tlna  low  ddiI  roiindc>d,  tliair  anglm  mtid  ilime  of 
caudal  not  pnidur^'d,  lateral  lltio  ohsnlelo,  or  tritb  ■  trae<<  at 
the  Nboiildcr;  acule*  of  iwatcriur  part*  each  with  u  bluut 
apine  or  tnlit<rcli' ;  ventral  llap  uiutuw,  ila  Buppiirllni;  apiova 
atout  itDd  tkivk  in  the  adult;  tliini  doraal  »|iine  hiiiuII. 

pAcinrsATiirR,  <*». 
(M.  GUI  opening  vitli  only  ordinary-  »c«lo«  behind  it;  no  onliiri^tMl  plntt'x 
or  acntca;  rentral  llap  xmnvly  Riovniiln,  Its  anrraie  lualed ;  lat- 
eral llni'  obnolrti".  Iblrd  dontnl  «pini>  siiiall  or  wanting:  vnrtleal 
Una  in  adult  nioTo  ur  leAs  un^uluto  nr  falr.ute. 
/.  Chin   nut   projecttug;   cheeks  cliwely  scaled;  donud   spinea  8; 
BTMleA  of  posterior  parts  uuannod  or  kooled. 

Canthtdebmu,  wo. 

/.  Chin  mDOh    proJeotlDg  i    check  with   3   to   ft   narrow  parallel 

grooves;  dunal  spinea  S;  aealca  ut  po«t«rior  partJi  mure  or 

leas  keeled.  XA.NTHiCHTnY»,B70. 

M.  Teeth  ctoo,  inr.iaor  like ;  scales  of  posterior  iMtrts  more  or  l«aa  keeletl :  ■ 

jcroove  boture  rye.  enlarged  scntns  behind  it;   lateral  linu  obaolebt: 

tbini  dorsiO  spine  giiijiU  ur  wuiitlag ;  clini-ks  oiitiruly  soalixl,  but  marked 

by  narrow  ifroovi's;  enlar^eil  ro-ntva  prunent  behind  ifill  oiM'ninf;;  voii- 

trftl  llap  scarcely  looyable,  lt«  snrl^c  stmled .  vertical  fins  more  or  leaa 

angulaCed.  Hkucbthvb,671. 

667.  BALISTES  (ArU><li)  LimiiDtui. 

(TRior.Eii-risfraH.) 

lUt\%»U»  {k\\T%W\  Lixtt.vrH.  Syn.  Nat.,  Ed.  x.  .137.  17SH  ((•cdtto). 
CofirinrKii,  RAriM:f>qt^,  Indiru,  41,  1810  icapnwt(»>. 

ChalUmnn,  Sw.MNio.v,  Nut.  fllgt.  Classn  Kinbcs,  11,  32S,  lf)39  ijxilcArrn'ma) . 
Capritcui.  Swainsov.  Nut.  Bist.  Cluas'n  Fialies,  11.320. 1B39  (ro^ritciK.  after  CapTi*m$  of 
Wiu.,tiOHiiy). 

Body  romprost^ed,  covered  with  thick,  rengh  HcaleH  or  plates  of  morler- 
•tc  ftizn,  .">0  to  73  in  a  length  wise  »i"iie»;  11  D:iktMl  ^loovi"  het'ort*  eye  bt^low 
noHtrils;  Internl  line  more  or  leaa  developed,  vnry  sleiidor,  tindiiliit<>,  <'tiii- 
wpii-niMiM  only  when  the  scaleN  are  drj',  extending;  on  the  chw'kw.  Pelvic 
flap  hirge,  movable,  supported  by  »  xeiieH  of  Hloiider,  ptiiijrent  Hpiiie«. 
(.'Aniliil  podiinrle  (.'ouiprcHBcd,  ito  BciiIes  iiiiamied,  vrithout  Mpiiics  or  dilTer- 
entiuted  tiibercleM  Hiuiiliir  to  those  on  rc»t  of  body.  Gill  iipciiiiiK  with 
eiilar(;ed  bony  Hi-titeH  behind  it;  cheekH  entirely  sciily,  without  nakod 
patcbt^H  or  fjfoovet*.  Both  jtiM-tt  with  irregtthir,  inciftor-likc  twtb.  iisiiiklly 
i  on  oiii'h  side  in  each  Jaw.  Firnt  dorgiil  or3  Hpinex,  tbe  anti-riur  of  whii-h 
is  niiii'h  thi-  l!ti|i<'''t,  till"  sccouil  nctin^j  »m  h  tri^K'T.  loikiu^  the  Urst  when 
pi-frtcd;  the  third  neaily  iw  Iapko  aa  Norond  iind  remote  from  it;  (<ociind 
diirK.l1  uiid  itual  b'O);,  Nimibtr  t<i  each  other,  in  the  adult  alwiiyH  falcate  or 
filiinientoutt  in  front:  caudal  fin  rounded,  with  the  outer  rny»  mar h  pro- 
duced in  the  adult;  brttnehiostegiilii  G;  vert<')>rie  7 -|- 10.  8|>e<'ier<  rather 
few,  chiefly  Aiuericuu;  some  of  them  etrnj-iiig  to  the  Old  World.     (/idXAa>, 


1700  Bulletin  47 >  United  States  National  Museum. 


to  nhnnt;  hnl'wtn,  an  inBtnitnent  for  throwing  arrows,  in  allnsion  to  tbe 
triKK^r-lik**  spiiio;  th<<  wurd  is  takou  directly  i'roui  tltoltaliun  naoie  Pmm 
Ilalitlra,  orow-ltaw  fittfa.) 

CAPRIHOirH: 

a.  Laleral '  liut.-  vuinplete,  Ifeg^inning  dd  the  lower  part  of  check,  tbenoa  eztetiiUiif 
ujiwurfl  t<»  tx-liinil  cyK.  tlii<ni'<>  liachwuni  tii  lieyonit  firatitoraal,  thence  alimptly 
downwani  to  aliove  «n*I.  then  upward  ninl  at  lAitt  hariznntallj  bw-kword  nu 
vaniln]  pninnrla,  the  lino  ererywhero  ninili  iiDiliilati'il.  the  lioea  of  the  two  Hidn 
coiiDiM-lc>d  li;  a  crosa  line  »t  the  nape;  d<ir«at  tin  Talcate  or  AUmeDtotus  doml 
rJiys  alKJiit  ITI.  27  ;  A.  25. 
b.  Scnlp.tqnitesmall.aboatTDtoTBin  ulengthttrlso  Hcries;  domal nud nnal nDmarked 
or  nvarly  «<>.  l*oi.ri.EPlA.  21 14. 

bh.  SimUoii  niiNiernt*-,  in  nhiiiit  fit)  (!iO  1o  R5)  In  a  k'netfawiae  aerie*. 
e.  Body  with  tew  liliiix  »pllla>^r  iiniie. 

d.  Durnul  mid  nniil  tina  i>litin  dnoky  olive;  a<'alea  :>«.    tiAVTrUKatXTH,  2115. 

(M.  UurHal  aiid  uual  with  obliquu  dark   bandN  o^  liltilah  ap4it«;   yonog 

rliJiided,  lUid  with  va);ue,  duaky  klot«lit<a  at  iHUe  of  duraal ;  acalea 

about  eO.  CABOLIXEIIBIS.  ZIU. 

ee.  Body  covered  with  roundish  tiloe-black  apot«;  doraal  and  anal  afaoiUrij 
xpotted.  roROiPATUS,  2117. 

BAU8TI8: 
aa.  Lateral  line  inromp1et4>.  nunBlly  ilrveloped  only  nu  head,  nap«,  and  randal  pnlancle,- 
cheek  with  2  bmad  lurvi'd  lilUf  ImndH^  amnllur  biimls  radialiiiK  from  eye;  danuU 
in  adult  with  the  nutorlor  raya  tUmiiDDtiiua.  1).  UI,  28or  29:  A. 25  to  27;  acalea 
00  to  S3;  doraal  and  anal  with  obUc|ue  blajnh  boiidai  37  Mwlea  between  origin  of 
donml  aad  vrnt.  vmrtA,  2118. 

Subgenus  CA.PRISCUS,  Ual)tiriu|uu. 

an.  nil.lHTEX  POl.TI.KPIK.  Steindaehner. 

(I*«3l  PI.TIB0O.) 

Heart  3i  to  .1| ;  depth  1| ;  snoiit  li  iu  liead ;  eye  5  in  hesid.  D.  III.  27 ;  A. 
25  or  2(5;  scaluH  70  to  75.  t'autlal  pciimn-le  iiuarniod.  l^pper  profile  mod- 
eriit«'ly  elevated.  Ki^ht  t<"Otli  in  t^a(■b  jjiw  ;  iv  grutip  nl'  large  plat«s  liebiud 
gill  oprtiing;  a  gmove  below  the  nostril.  IvorKnl  uinl  nnal  jiiticli  t'lt>vated 
in  front,  tlio  Ioii{f('«t  ray.H  alioitt  as  louj^  ih  head  in  tltc  uiliilt;  <'uiulal  cou- 
cave,  with  its  atiKlpH  inucli  prodiued;  jmctorul  sliorl;  lateral  lino  exnrtly 
08  ill  Jialiilef  larolijifmif.  <'olor  Urown,  a  halt"  riiii»  at  thu  corner  of  the 
mouth;  ilitTiii^e  bine  B])«ts  on  uitpe  and  alioiit  spiiiotiH  iliyrsal;  vertical  Uim 
nearly  plain  olivncooiia.  Lower  l^altlornia  to  I'anamn,  genernll}'  ooiiioion; 
u  lar^i'  Hpecies,  reut^hing  n  length  of  2  feet.     (nuXvf,  many;  Xcni'i,  scale.) 

Haunts  putj/lrpi*,  SnuxuACUXKH,  Iclith.  Ileitr.,  v,  31.  1870,  Magdalena  Bay;   Maratlao; 
Acapulco. 

8116.  BiLISTKK  NAlTPililJIUll,  Jordan  ic  Stnrka. 

{VS7.  rrcncxi  na  lah  I'lKDRAa.) 

Heiul  3;  depth  1.^  D.  Ill,  27;  A. 24;  »f»\o»  50, 12  rows  on  cheek ;  Biiont 
l|inh6ail;  eyeS;  first  dorftat  spine  1?  ;  lonucstray  1> ;  loiif;est  anal  ray  1{; 
upper  oandnl  lube  Iji;  pertoral  -4.     Ilody  very  plnnip,  not  Htrongly  coni- 


'  The  Utera]  lino  in  theae  flahea  la  naually  luit  notiaaable  uDlea.i  the  acal(<a  are  drjr. 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1701 


preaa&il;  no  Hpinnlea  on  i-nudal  peduncle;  a  few  larger  scutes  Itehind  j^ill 
openings;  groove  liei'ore  eye  Kliglit,  not  naked.  Latf^ral  line  trat'uit1di«  tor 
niuNt  of  ita  leiij;tli.  First  durmil  spine  very  Htout,  the  third  reitirvtp,  mod- 
erate; (lorHul  iiii>il«rat»<l>'  eleMited  and  falrato;  aiiul  ruiindiMi;  caudal 
iloiilde  <'uii<'uvu,  thLi  puiiited  ocitt^r  rayn  lunger  thjiu  thu  ruuuded  iiitxT 
ones.  Dnrk  dull  olivogiceu,  iioart.v  jdaiii,  t'dgOHoI'MraloN  liirgidy  piilo  l>liie. 
especially  tciwiird  tlio  tnil ;  fiiiiit  trsKtiu  of  niiiiit^roiiN  dark  cruflK  liiindH;  tio 
HtreakH  «u  ilicvks;  fiiis  dusky  olive,  thi^  iiorfuriil  ami  first  ilursal  paler, 
base  uf  pertoral  dii8ky.  8im  erul  ttperimeiis,  each  ahuiit  u  Tout  lung,  wem 
takou  fruiu  the  wiet-k  of  a  Frouili  oi.iii-id'-vviir  iu  the  Aatilleru  at,  Ma/.iit- 
lau  by  nsing  dynniuite.  Fimiid  iu  tniniiany  with  i'omacan</iu«  canijieotM 
and  XttHTHt  imnclat**.     {Hau/iagium,  ;i  xhipwref-k.) 

Dalisirt  nav/rmjiv m,, J OUD A»  Jk  STARKS.  Finlu^a  of  Siualoa,iii  Proo.CiU.  A cSoL  1896,488, 
Mantlan.    (Type,  K<>.  1056.  L.S.JFr.  Univ.  Mok.   Coll  Bnpkiiu  Expedition  to  SUuUoa.) 

21  IB.  BAUSTES  (AKOMKKNSIH,  (iiiibliu. 
(LeATIILK  .Ia<"KBT;  CL'CITO;   "TUBIIOT.") 

HeadSi;  depth  1).  D.  111,27;  A.  25;  scalea  usually  about  60  (55  to  63) ; 
ahoot  35  scales  in  aii  al)Iii|iie  tierieM  from  veut  upward  and  forward.  Third 
dorsal  spine  shorter  luit  »t«)uter  thnu  Ihi^  weiotid  and  ri-aiottf  Irom  it ;  platen 
on  hoail  similar  t<i  tliimu  uii  hody;  cacidal  IuIk^h  produced  in  adult;  soft 
dorsal  high,  itx  lougettt  rays  elevatod  but  not  fliauioutoiis,  iii  adnlt  1^  in 
bead.  Veutral  llap  large,  supported  by  several  slender  imiicont  Hpines, 
reseiiibling  fiu  spines.  Lateral  liue  very  sleader,  showing  only  as  the 
■ealoa  begin  to  dry,  its  i-onrse  everywhere  uiidulatiug  and  very  iTooked; 
it  extends  from  eye  backward  to  intersjiaie  betwoiMi  dorsals,  then  beuda 
abruptly  and  obliquely  tinwnward  to  op|>aaite  lirst  third  of  auul,  then 
forms  »  V-shupcd  ligure,  returning  bark  to  level  ol'  middle  of  caudal 
peduncle,  whence  nearly  straight  to  base  of  caudal ;  a  lirauch  from  behind 
eye  ©xtenil*  obliquely  do«-tnvjtrd  and  forward  to  the  bri'iint  below  jiccto- 
rals;  a  cross  brunch  at  the  uiipe  coiinectii  the  lateral  lines  of  the  twosid(«. 
Color  ia  life,  oli\6gray;  a  more  ur  leas  didtiiict  darker  tross  bar  under 
froot  of  sei'oiMl  ilorHul  and  1  un<ler  last  ray;  botue  small  violet  xpots  on 
upper  {Htrt  of  Itauk;  UHually  a  rin^  of  bine  Hpots,  alteruatiug  with  olive- 
green  HtroakH,  about  eyu  ;  viohiceous  marks  on  sides  of  snout;  flrst  dorsal 
spotted  and  I'loudoei  with  bluish;  seeond  dorsiil  jialc  yellowiKh  with  dear 
aky-bluespotn  seimrali-d  liy  olive-green  reticulations,  th© }»pot,H arranged  in 
rows;  bine  niarkingit  all  lading  in  alcohol,  leaving  theoIiva<u-ouH  streaks; 
base  of  dorsal  with  ',i  or  1  dark  dilVuse  shades  in  the  young;  base  of  pecto- 
ral blniah,  with  olive  s]iots;  anal  colored  like  soft  dorsal;  pectoral  green- 
ish. Tro]>i<';il  part9  of  the  Atlantic;  oecaaioual  northward  in  the  Oitlf 
Btrciam;  very  cuiumon  on  onr  coast  and  in  the  Mediterranean,  rarely  north 
to  England.     (Eii. ) 

Italista  eaTiUinentii,  Gmelin,  Syit.  Nat.,  I,  liOD,  1788,  CaroHoa. 

IMiltet  eapriKim.  CrUKUH,  Syst,  Nat,,  l,  UTI,  1788,  Indian  and  American  Oceana,  aHnr 

OaoKOW;  GdlfTllEK,  Cat.,  vin,  217,  IKTO:  JntiU&K  &.  GlUiEUT,  SyDopHis,  Hli.=>,  1883. 
BalUCet  frunira,  J^Aciekmi.  Hljit.  Kat.  PoE.ts.,  i,  17ft6,  Nice;  on  a  Bpeuiruoa  receJveil  fnim 

I'rofeiiaur  Buuira. 


1702  RitUctin  fj,  Untied  States  National  Museum. 


Italittt*  enprintw,  VALKKncNURB,  I«htb.  Hen  C»nari««,  04,  pi.  10,  18M.  Canarie*. 
liatUli-t  /iiliginuniM.  De  Kay.  X.  ¥.  Fauna:  FUhn  330,  f>l.  57,  tig.  188, 1U2,  New  VorL 
JSaUttrt  tattioiittru;  I'OKY,  Mi'tnurias,  It,  320,  1861,  Havana  ;  adult. 

:>1I7.  BM.IHTEN  FOBCIPATCS.  Gmelln. 

Head  3:  dvptli  2\  in  ivdiilt.  D.  Ill,  26  tu  28;  A.  25  to  27;  st-^Ies  60;  ej-e 
4J  iu  lioutl;  snout  34.  Genera]  fnnn  of  lial\»tn  capri*ciit.  FItnI  <loraal 
spiob  stout,  rough  iinteriorly;  tliiril  njnnti  small,  inserted  well  Itehiud 
serond;  soft  doi'iial  with  tbo  third,  tbnrtli,  and  til'th  tuya  umcb  elevated, 
coDsidei'iibly  louK^tr  than  hi'uO,  in  niak'S  :it  li/ast;  iiniil  roniidvd,  its  ante- 
rior rays  not  elevated;  cuudal  double  concav<«,  ita  n])]>er  rays  produced 
ill  a  nhort  uunto  lobo.  Tonr  scapular  plates — 2  large,  2  small.  Gulden 
brown  above,  yellowish  below;  sides  of  bond  with  many  groenish-blae 
itpotit,  oblou);  iu  form;  a  Ntrcitk  of  similar  culor  aorusd  snout;  sides  of  body 
with  bhui-bliiek  spots  larger  thiiji  those  ou  hi'ad;  larger  on  lower  parts 
bnt  most  ilitstinf^t  "ii  bm'k;  most  of  tbeso  with  a  pale  ring  or  ocellus;  soft 
dnrsal  with  similar  H])ots,  smaller  itnd  more  ocetlati-;  aniil  with  smaller 
Btiotti  closer  together;  caudal  unspotted;  base  of  pe(;toral  blotched  with 
blaclt.  Lateral  linn  evident.  (Steiiidaehner. )  West  coast  of  Africa  and 
tho  neighboring  islaiidB,  iipp.ii-ently  straying  to  America,  it  JJalinlen  mori- 
liuHdHS  and  Ilalintes  poiretli  are  the  aamo,  as  seems  probable,  iforvipatut, 
having  foreeps,  from  the  form  of  the  tail.) 

StipvUeh,  Wnj.l'()Dnv,  Hiat.   rise,  Appendix.  7,  pi.  9,  f.  I,  1686,  High  Seas,  near  St. 

Vincent. 
ihiaprtva  lain  Joreipata,  L18TKB,  In  Willaghby,  Hilt.  Ptac.,  Apjwndix,  31,  pi-  1,  33,  16C6. 

Brazil. 
lialUtnf  /oreipatiu,  GliitMN,  Sfit.  Nat.,  i.  1472,  1788,  Braxil;    aft«r  Otiaperva  lata  of 

LlSTKB:  GClCTHKIi,  (-'lit..  VUI,  216.  1870. 
Halitteji  piinetalMt,  ^9lEl.l^,  Syst.  Na«  ,  i,  1472,  1788;  after  ^itipritch  of  Wiu.I'ohbt. 
£aUj>tei  npilotftprrrytfiiil,  WjlUBAVU,  Artudi  IMnclum,  m,  455,  1792,  Brazil ;  an«r  Buaperva 

lata.  Ll^TKK. 
IMitieii  jjutlatUM,  VrxuiAVH,  Art«dl  Fi«c.,  UI,  467,  17t2,  St.  Vincent;  after  iSNprMc*  of 

WlLLDOnBI. 

AoiMtMi  cilia n'«,  BuxB  ft8ci»KiDBit,  Syst.  Ichth-,  471,  iStl,  Brazil;  after  Lists*. 

fialiateit  Uberiftiti;  Stedcoachxer,  lobtfa.  XoclzcD,  iv,  9,  1M67,  Monrovia  in  Liberia. 

r  Baliula  puwelli,'  CorE,  Proo.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  I'hlla.  1«70,  120,  Newport,  R.  I.  (yoUDg); 

.T.iMi'.VN  .\  flii.iiriiT  .'^ynopalH.  8W,  1883. 
l:ali''-f  (,,     iM.'  '"  ,1  I'll.,  Tran*.  Amcr.  Phil.  Soc.  1871,  479,  St.  Martina;  yonng. 


*  ItalitUt  pofiUi.  Coi'B.  ]{ead  3)  in  tnlu)  IrtiKth;  depth  1].  T).  ITI.  26:  A.  S.  Form 
eli'VAled,  iiruAlu  convex:  seiilen  wltliuut  juvjinitical  npinea:  2  ur  :i  aojipiilar  plBt«8:  Drat 
duraiil  nplue  riiguiH<,  1)  in  mur./.le:  thinl  <i»rKal  a|iiui>  well  dev«lo]>e<l.  Aahy  alwvp,  pale 
below;  nidus  ovcrvwlicre  wil It  ■vorio*  nf  InngiliidiuuU}' ovul  iiziirt"  niioU:  ilcirnal  niid  aual 
llua  murketl  witli  hiiiiiIIit  blue  w^hAh.  (Copts)  Newport,  RIkhIo  Isfunil .  a  doubtful  ap«. 
cina.  proliulily  th»'  yonUK  nf  llnUnltH  forcipaltn .  in  any  event  a  Bpi-cie*  ittrayinj:;  froiu  llio 
West  Inilies  in  tbe  Uulf  Sln>iiin.  Tlio  f*horlrranal  is  the  only  undent  cbarurttT  bv  wbich 
pifwUi  riiiiti!  b«  drstliiKuJklieU  tri>at/iircipaCuii.  (Named  fur  lladiiicoverer.  Saiuuol  VovroU, 
of  Newport.) 

I  Tile  l'i.>llowiti^  i*  a  dencriptiou  of  tlio  (ypo  of  BalitUi  mvribnndvM,  CoPE;  Head  S|; 
ilii(i(li  Ij  ni  very  yotmis:  e\o  2  in  nnool  in  yoiing.  U.2B:  A. 28:  wiilen  alioiit  60.  NoDO  of 
tbe  riiVK  i>roiluc«M]  (in  tbe  youu(;).  <  aiMlal  ri'calarly  convex,  prokihlv  coneave  with  aj(o: 
flrat'loritiil  R)>ioe  bristly  iu  liont:  tliirit  spiue  welt  developed,  miirli  iieliiml  necund:  pel- 
vic iMine  elon^jite,  H|iiiKiua  liehtu<I.  itM  iH,ntenor]turt  imivulile.  iiti  Hup  witb  ray-like 4ptDC«; 
scapular  platea  about  4;  anterior  (oetb  aciimiunte;  elieek  aealeii  iiuuierona,  rtlgoH^,  no 
nukvd  fliuiarea;  auteriar  pmllle  of  lieod  nearly  atruigbl:  iieali>n  roueb.  tbeir  uullinea  in- 
dialiuet,  each  with  2  rnwa  of  a|iUiiilo'«,  nererul  in  an  auterior  runed  ran,  and  2  in  a 
poHli-rlorrow;  notptnraon  candal  pe<(lunelo;  laiernl  line  not  pvident  in  tbe  ty|ie,  prob- 
ably ap|>e«ring  with  ago.    Color brunn,  with  luuny  auiull,  pulu-bluu  »pols  all  over  sioca  of 


Jordan  and  Evertnann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1703 


SubfcnuB  BALISTBB. 

alls.  lUMSTKS  VETILA,  UatUBua. 

(Olb  Wif*!  Oui  Wbkcbj  Ciicumu.) 

^wmI  S;  <l<"pth  lj|-.  II.  Ill,  2t1;  A.27;  scales  B3.  Lutenil  line  placed  na 
ill  Ilali»lM  parolinamh,  lint  tbc  meilian  ]iart,  from  base  of  first  doisal  to 
front  of  cniulul  puihiurle  xviiiitiit<;  in  tli<>  niltilt,  hriLurh  uu  clmck  i-ea.s]iig 
oppneito  gill  opening;  crofls  Itraacli  presont;  voiitrnl  (l;ip  well  ik'vcltijteii, 
with  Blender,  Hliaip  ttpiiji-H.  Srnloauti  head  iiiucli  Miiiallitrand  iimroi-rowili.'d 
tliau  tIiOB«  on  liudy:  tliird  dursiil  HpLne  nitlior  Hkortvr  and  wuuker  tliittt 
■econii,  roniottv  Iroin  it;  ciuidivl  iiii  widely  forked,  the  lobea  filaiiieiiioiis 
nn<l  nbniU  ecpial;  duraal  in  adult  lilaiii«<nt<iim  at  tip:  anal  littlu  oluTiited 
anteriorly.  Two  fiirved,  utrnngly  marked,  Idiiiali.  dark-i'dynd  ImndN  on 
the  aide  of  the  head,  tho  lower  fnuu  the  iiiiglu  of  thi>  uiuiith  toward  the 
throat,  tlio  upper  from  alxtvo  tho  Htinut  to  the  root  of  the  pectoral;  the 
Color  pei'Mtsteiit  in  nlciihol;  ii  i>tii«k,  li^ht-eilgo<i  line,  Htituhirly  eurved 
bidmv  th<'  eye;  «evoi;il  otbir  Mimilnr  linen  radiittinf;  Irom  the  eyo;  caiidul 
fin  marjfiiied  iiboi'n  ;iud  below  with  blniHb,  auil  with  iin  iutr;»-uiarginal 
bluish  b:ind;  dornal  iind  aiiiil  liua  with  trauHverso bluish  bauds;  younjj  with 
0Oiue  irreKobir  obtii|tie  black  lines  following  the  r<iwH  of  gcaloH.  Tropieal 
parts  of  the  Atlautie.  ThiH  apeeics,  acuordiug  to  l>ay,  occurB  alao  nn  the 
coRHt  of  litdi:i,  but  the  Indian  I'oriu,  culled  Jlaliilet  tetula,  haH  n  liit'};or 
nuuiber  ol'  liii  rays,  roiuuioii  in  the  West  Indies;  oce.ivsiomilly  northwiird 
in  the  (jnll'  Stream  an  f;ir  im  Woods  Hide,  {relulu,  ni)  old  \v<»man;  a 
name  commonly  naed  for  tUo  Hpecics  in  the  WcHt  Indiea,  and^  like  cieja, 
itsSpanish  cognate,  al»o  applied  to  eertnin  Labrolds. ) 

Ouaperva,  Uaucohave.  Hint.  BraM.,  163,  IfMS,  Braell. 

Turiliuaculo  ratliato  (llio  lll<l  Wife)  CATE8UY,  Hist..  Carol,  pi.  22,  172S,  Bahamu. 

BalitUt  vttula.  LlNTf.r.iK,  ».vsl..  Nnt.,  Ed.  x,  339,1758,  Aacension  Island;  utUsr  BaUiUt 

tttula  iif  OnniccK,  Iter  ('kincii«i«,  2'M,  1757;  GCmtueb,  Cat.,  viii,  215,  1870;   Josoan 

ic  GluiEBT,  Syniipnlii,  tt.'iS,  Iti&t. 
BalUlet  MlitM,  Walbai'.m,  Art<idi  riBcium,  ni,  407,  1792,  Weet  Indioa,  iiflcr  KBoVKIl. 
Chaliotma  relatn.  Swai;<»on,  (.'liww'nFidlieii,  u.  12$,  1839.  iift«r  Ytlula/  (irolinbly  a miaiirint. 
BaiUtet  tqueitrU,  OSOKOW,  Cat.  Fuhm,  Ed.  Gray,  81,  ISM,  American  Baaa. 


668.  PACHYNATHUS,  Swainson. 

rarhf/natfiu',  SwAiwsiiN,  Cla»»'n  FishfH,  u,  TCfl,  1839  {Inanirxilarit^eapiiitralui] ;  notPaeky- 
gnatha  uor  Pacbj/ijnalhiui.  both  tlivm'  uaineii  enrlivr  uiwd  for  geuoni  of  Hjildom. 

This  gonuB  differs  from  Iiali»te»  in  tlic  roiiuded  outlines  of  tho  verticil! 
fins  and  iu  the  preaenct!  of  spines  ur  tubercles  on  tbu  at:a1ea  of  the  poste- 
rior p:irt  of  the  body.      Ventral  Hiip  small,  8o^Ile^^■bat  tuovablti,  it.8  siijiport- 


liead  and  Ixxly.  moat  of  llictn  obluug,  tuMt  diKtiULt  piMt«rlorly.  wontinjKon  bmiKt;  uthi  r 
■pntK  dixtlDi't.  on  niib's  uf  nnoiil:  :)  Ihtk"  bluok  blulrheH  at  base  uf  atrniKl  Uorxnl  Iin 
and  1  at  bi»»e  ol'  limt,  lb"  Iiittor  dilluitn,  vnjjm>  durk  buDds  di'm-uuiliu^  Iroiii  tb»-Hf,  dur 
sal  aud  anal  with  paJB  »|iotH,  none  on  cuudul ;  bjue  of  pprturAl  diiMky.  St.  Mnrliu^  iHtand, 
intbe  Wiwt  ludicM;  biiowii  t'roiu  1  T«rv  JUU"K  Kiomiiti!  otttuiiiml  bv  l)r.  vou  Ki,ii'r»niH; 
the  alHive  deflcrlptiou  from  tlilf*  Hp(N*im*?u  wlii*^  ia  probably  tbi*  yooii^  uf  UnlUtrs  ford- 
pahu,  from  which  only  the  nmndtMl  fins  diatliicnwh  It;  tliw  tvidonlly  n  chararter  of 
inuiiHlurity.  Wu  aro  indebted  tu  Che  kludiioaa  of  l>r.  Edward  J.  Nubin  furnii  <]i>iiorliiaily 
to  euunine  tbia  and  others  of  Professor  Cope's  tyixia.     (morilmndu*,  cwuin;;  uuath.) 


1704  Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 

ing  HpineH  Khnrt  and  very  thick ;  Isteml  line  redaoed  to  n  trace  at  the 
Hlioiildt>r.  Froui  the  morB  rlnsely  ullied  gennH  Halittapim,  to  which  moet 
iif  the  Kiutt  Iiiiliun  BalistaidH  beh)Ug,  Pachynaikut  difTors  obieOy  in  the 
(ireHeiii:L>  of  the  j>ri'Ocular  groove.  Sjx^cicH  rather  few;  all  of  the  Pacific 
Ocean;  I  ruDgini;  to  our  musts.  (n'a;(i''?,  thick;  yrdhoi,  jaw,  hence  cor- 
rectly written  J'achifffnalliut,  a  aumo  pr»M>fcnpi©d. ) 


SUB.  PACHT5ATHUS  t'lPISTIUTim  <Sh»W). 

(Pm  Pdkboo.; 

H*;.d  2( :  (loptli  2.  D.  Ill,  30  ur  31 ;  A.  27  or  28;  sr-ales  54  to  64.  Body 
rivtlier  oblong,  :i  fjiuovK  htfori^  the  eye.  Kuch  scale,  for  alum t  9  rows  on 
thi'  tail  iiiid  poHterior  |iiirt  of  nides,  with  :i  Hinall,  Hiuonth,  iiiconspiciioiia 
titheri-le;  ubont  34  si-aloH  in  sovur.il  parailol  lirtrizntiUvl  Btreiiks  in  front  of 
pectoral,  n  trannvorso  series  froiii  soft  dorsal  to  vent;  a  few  bony  aeatw 
Itebiud  the  j^ill  opeiiiiitr,^  1  of  thotic  couaiderably  oultirped.  Lateral  lina 
oUsolBte,  rrdnced  In  :i  aloiidi'i-  groove  oti  n  few  scales  behind  eye.  Dona) 
and  atiat  tins  rathor  low,  with  ontlinoJS  rounded  or  slightly  angnlar  in  front, 
tbu  lirst  riiys  not  prodricod;  ciindal  dmible  triinc.'ite,  the  aneh*8  sc»rc«ly 
prfxUii'ud.  First  dorna!  Hpiiio  strong,  sumcwluit  ruiiglitiULMl.  Ventral  flnp 
small, »oniewh;«t  movable,  «np]>orted  by  a  ftnv  short.  tht<'k  ti]>ine9.  Uniform 
blackish  brown;  a  yellowish  ring  from  middle  of  uppf^r  lip  tvround  the 
lower  jaw;  .a  straight  yellow  Btripe  from  ttuH  ring  towani  the  pectornl, 
not  reaching  the  gill  opening;  thin  Bcmifliinea  iibscnt  or  indistinct.  Two 
types  of  coloration  Keen  by  us.  8oine  apeciuiena,  pr»b:ibly  feinalea,* 
urfl  dull  olive  with  darker  clonrle;  no  yellow  on  [vosterior  parts  which  are 
dciiroely  paler  behind;  linet  all  plain  idiro  blarkifih:  Btr*?ak  l)ehind  mouth 
light  bluLKh,  very  faint,  soon  fading  Jifter  death;  lower  lip  blue,  then  golden, 
then  a  bliio  ring,  then  yellow,  tlieu  bluish;  njiper  lip  livid,  bluish  above. 
Otlinr  specinieuH,  which  tin  probably  males,  are  dark  oliv©  clouded  with 
darker;  posterior  half  of  body  deep  yellow  below  median  line;  (ins  black- 
iali;  tirst  dorsal  bright  olive  yellow  on  mcmbniueit;  green  on  caudal  nienj- 
braueH.  the  raya  bliick;  aniil  ri'ildish  ;  ntreiik  behind  nioiitb  bright  rod  in 
one,  whitish  in  another;  tipper  lip  livid  bine,  then  onmgp,  then  golden, 
then  livid,  Mne,  or  purplish,  then  orange,  then  irinison,  then  dark.  Still 
other  spei-iaiens  huvn  wbitiwh  marks  instead  of  red.  I'aeilie  Ocean  ;  widely 
distribnti'd  through  thu  P',aKt  Indict  and  on  the  euiut  of  China;  also  abun- 
<lant  on  the  I'aciiic  roast  of  tropieat  Aioertca  from  Magdalena  Bay  to  tli« 
<!nla])agoB.  The  speciioens  here  ilecrribed  from  the  V'enados  oud  Creaton 
iHlandfl  at  Maitnttan,  iind  from  La  Vnz  and  C'biitbDm  Island.  Diir  (male) 
spoeituens  agree  perfectly  with  Blecker's  figure  diawn  from  Eaat  Indian 
tixampk'8.     {eapiitratuK,  bridled.) 

Z>  BalitU  bridi,  LACtrftDK,  Ht«t  Nat.  Potat.,  l,  S35,  1798:  on  « drawing  by  COKKnaOKi 

without  lorklity. 
Ilalittf  eapittratus,  8UAW,  Ood'I  Zuiil.,  V,  «17, 1804;  nfter  LAdtPtDB. 
BatifUt  ambcinsntu,  Gkav,  Hardvricko,  Illuiit.  iDitinu  7.»(il..  1834,  Ambolna. 


*Tbe  MMcnal  orKans  in  siHS'lmtitin  taken  nt  MsuilrUa  lo  January  are  too  little  < 
to  enable  ua  to  recognite  Uie  dlatiaclioai, 


Jordan  and  Evennann. — Fishes  of  North  Anurica.     1705 


to 


'aUHm  mUi*,  Kkkhrtt,  Proo.  Coiniii.  ZoSl.  Sao.,  1, 1831 ,  IN,  Bast  Indiei ;  QOKTmil,  Cat., 

VIII,  •.'Id.  I»7n. 
Pachifnalh<it  trianguUnit,  SWMtHeoS,  C'lMn'n  Finhea,  II,  7>3C  1831),  VizagapBtam  ;    after 

Kl'sttEix.  pi.  20. 

Uiiti«l*f  hifi-t,  itluilAJUWOM,  V«y.  Snlphar,  FIhIioa,  127, 1843,  East  Indies. 
^alitiet  frrnatuM.  RlcUASDSON,  I.  r.,  120,  IMS,  East  Indies  ;    Dlkkkcr,  Alliu  luil.,  pi.  323, 

1862. 
KalinUt  tckmiUii,  Blrkeii,  Verh.  Bat  Gen.,  TiXXV,  37, 1862,  Sumatra. 


hrsbsa. 


66g.  CANTHIDERMIS,  SwaiiiBOD. 

(SoHACO.S.) 
Il,  SWAtMDOM,  Nat  Riit  ClaHs'D.  Aiiim.,  ii, 32t,  18:19  {angvUmu=  nuumfo/tM). 
This  Kenus  di Iters  from  ISalitlen  chielly  in  liiiTiiig  the  gill  ojicninp  sur- 
Toundfd  by  ordiuflry  Bwilea,  thero  being  lui  dcvolopoil  buny  srutea  bebind 
it.  Body  nimli  iiiun;  eb>ng;ite  tlitiu  in  /litUttm ;  dorsal  H|Hni'§  3;  domril 
and  atial  elevated  in  frout;  niddiil  with  ilM  angles  n<iiit<>;  scule.'t  iiio<dera(«, 
not  very  rrjugh;  scales  of  cjiiidal  pedumdvi  nniinnoil,  or  with  a  median 
gpiue;  cheeks  njiiiplotely  einlrd;  a  naked  groove  before  pyo.  Species 
not  well  known,  iiihubittn^  both  Indira,  tiiiiitbrr  places  all  exc»"pt  C. 
aureoliis  ill  the  Bynuiiyiny  of  Canihidermiii  macidaliix.  The  variation  in 
Hquaniittiou  and  in  tbi5  iiimiliLT  iif  fiii  r.iya  showa  that  ut  leoHt  C.  *»J}lamen 
and  oupeoially  C.  sobtKo  are  distlnut  from  ('.  maoutatug.  [aKayOa,  spine; 
deptta,  skin.) 

a.  S<^^H  of  trnnk  uacli  with  a  nicttliin  npiiie  or  keol;  e,yo  mrNlnrato,  4  in  nnuutiuetMiired 
ublliiiicly :  tips  of  vertical  Una  mcxliiralrly  prtxluced ,  JJ.  1X1,  20;  A.  24. 

souaco,  2120. 
04.  SciUei)  of  trunk  wltboot  roMllMn  (plnrs  or  kcK«l. 

h.  IKirsal  rny»  III,  27;  anal  raya  23.     Kye  large,  3  In  anoni,  moaaured  olilitiuely; 

tipn  III' ti-rtlcnl  Aua  niilili  prudiicoil :  adult  plain  bl-ovinisli,  iinnpotlnl.  but 

HnuicMiufS  i-luud«(]  willi  paler.  BlFFUAMt.v.  2121. 

hb.  Domsl  ruyii  III,  22  t.o  24;  anal  10  to  2t;  sralea  not  very  magli;  adult  witli 

luuro  or  leKH  of  blui<  or  pule  spotH.  MACVXATl'M,  2122. 

MA.  Dorsal  rays  III,  20;  oiial  rays  IT;  li>w<-r  pnrt»  apatti'd  with  vrhil«. 

WILLUUHUSII,  3123, 

8120.  (-A.\TIII»ER]IIS  .SUUAIIt,-  I'.wy. 

(SOIIACIM 

Head  4  (iu  totul  with  caudal);  tleptb  2.     D.  Ill,  28;  .\.  2i.     Itody  c.iui- 
M>d;  lirst  dorniil  spine  7}  in  total  length:  Iti^heHt  donutl  ray  3^;  .iiial 


'TliP  rnUowlni;  DominMl  sperive  Is  probably  tlio  young  of  Cauthidmnit  sobacn: 

CanUiidenntH  (urjifrritnuM^  CoPR- 

U.Stf;  A.  24.    Orhit.  liirio.  3i  in  niiiKli*,  4  in  hnad.    Pi<lvlc  depth  1),  bnmeml  211  times  in 

.  ttital  length;  anid  ileplli  2j  times  iu  (li«»aine.    The  scnloii  possoHS  acunvi'X  vertiral  series 

[of  nhnrt  aciito  Kpiiies,  with  »  ineili.iii  litrite  spine  directed  backward  fruni  niiildle  nl'Hrrius. 

lis  anlerliir  ninrjiiii  in  sliiirp,  nud  il<i  anterior  liaso  supiwrted  hy  a  niinibitr  ol  I'otiver^rnt 

rilw.    Spinet  i>f  domal  xriiles  huve  ii  briiiicli  sculn  at  l»u)e  in  front      The  cliwk  maloa  are 

very  uiiniiniiis  iintl  iiol  liirjjer  llian  tliii«o  of  l«idy.     Doriuil  HpiueslroDK,  slont,  wllh  4  rows 

of  epiniil<v,  Mnootti  bt-liinil;  nti  liir^or  c-aiidnl  npinos;  caudal  tinwinvex.  without  pniject- 

,  ing  ancli'R:    |irolilt>  nmirly  stniiglit.  inlrmiiiled  hy  the  convex  orbltiil  margin.    Color 

I  brown  above,  yellowish  Ih-1ow  ;  4  louKitU'linul  ilHrkbrown  strl]i«s  abiivv  iiiiddle  of  wide, 

■   ch  break  inlQ  rjioIi  jiosttTiorlv;  3  briiwii  Hixiisnt  base  ofdnreal  Hu;  Ixilv  withbroaii 

nlar  dork  bnnits :  on  thi>>  ciiiidn.1  pi>tlunrln  nuil  [m^IvIu  ri^gion  sinulikr  broaii  bands  form 

irie   reticulated  pntlern;  Nus  lnnwn-xpotted.     Tvpe  3  iiiilicH  In  li>iigtli.     Loi-alllv 

pfelH>ertalll,  suppose*!  to  bn  fnini  St.  Mnitirm,  Went  Ill^ll^^g,  or  from  Durieu.     (Cope.)     ft 

[iwliincs  to  DiviKitin  I.  A.of  tli<«  Kcuiie  uf  llolbinl^  tlmt  is,  the  soapular so iiunBtion  similar 

>tn  t1i.it  of  iIji-  KJdt'H,  iind  I  lis  thinl  •Inrsiil  hjiJMe  w«lt  'lovelopod;   tne  obeek  acolee  nut  sepa- 

[rate«l  by  ii;tked  linKun^!*.     Itttjirrritimt,  niuHt  rough.) 

3030 30 


1706         Bulletin.  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 

ray  3|;  eye  5}  in  head,  4  in  snout;  pectoral  short,  rounded;  caudal  me- 
sially  convex,  the  pointM  produced  and  equal ;  first  dorsal  spine  over  base  of 
pectoral ;  distance  from  tip  of  snout  to  tip  of  pelvis  equal  to  g^reatest 
depth  of  body ;  dorsal  and  anal  falcate ;  scales  granulated,  those  on  the 
pelvis  and  base  of  dorsal  and  anal  longer  than  broad;  those  of  caudal 
region  keeled  or  spinescont.  Dark  brown ;  vertical  fins  dusky ;  sexes  simi- 
lar; air  bladder  large ;  no  pyloric  ciecum.  Length  2  feet.  West  Indies, 
rarely  north  in  the  Gulf  Stream  to  Woods  Hole,  Massachusetts,  where  2 
young  individuals,  agreeing  essentially  with  Cope's  description  of  C. 
aaperrimut,  were  recently  obtained  by  the  U.  S.  Fish  Commission.  (Softooo, 
the  Spanish  name  at  Havana.) 

Balittei  sobaeo,  POBY,  Memorial).  II,  324,  IMil,  Havana. 

Balittts  aiperrimus,  CoPB,   TraoH.  Am.  Pbil.  Soc.  1871,   478,   anppoged  to  be  from  St. 
Martina. 

aiSi.  CANTHIDEBSIK  HtFFLASKN  (Uitcbill). 

(SOBACO.) 

D.  Ill,  27;  A.  25.  Differs  from  Canthidermit  tobaco  in  the  larger  eye, 
which  is  3  in  the  oblique  length  of  snout.  Points  of  dorsal  and  anal 
longer,  that  of  dorsal  3  in  total  length;  produced  tips  of  caudal  longer, 
reaching  beyond  the  convex  middle  of  fin.  Scales  of  trunk  without 
median  spine  or  keel.  Body  more  elongate.'  Dorsal  and  pelvic  spines 
smoother  than  in  C.  lohaco;  scales  generally  less  rough.  Plain  brownish; 
sexes  similar.  West  Indies;  our  specimens  firom  Havana.  This  species 
and  the  prec«ding  are  referred  by  Gtinthor  to  the  synonymy  of  Canthi- 
dermin  vuKulatui.  This  reference  seems  to  be  incorrect.  Canthidertni* 
maculatui  is  covered  with  round  white  spots;  its  vertical  fins  are  higher 
than  in  C.  tufflamen,  and  the  number  of  fin  rays  is  ninch  less,  {aufflamen, 
an  impediment;  referring  to  the  second  dorsal  spine,  which  prevents  the 
depression  of  the  first.) 

Sobacn,  Pakba,  Dif.  rieza»  nisi.  Nat.  Cuba,  17,  f.  10,  1787,  Havana. 

BalUtes  tuj/lamen,  Mitchill.  Trans.  Lit.  an<l  Phil.  Soc.  N.  V.,  i,  1815, 467,  locality  nnknnwu ; 

sail!  by  De  Kay  t^i  be  from  the  South  Atlantic. 
BalUUt  macropt,  Poey,  Memorias,  II,  326,  1861.  Havana. 

il8S.  CANTHIDERXIS  XA(  ri,ATi:S  (Bloch) 
(tKJBAN  TfKBOT.) 

Body  elongate.  D.  Ill,  2-1  (II,  according  to  Bloch,  who  overlooked  the 
third  spine;  III,  22,  according  to  Gronow);  A.  21  (19).  Dorsal  and  anal 
fins  short  and  high;  body  and  fins  with  round  blue  spots;  eye  small; 
scales  without  median  keel.  AVest  Indies.  (Bloch.)  Not  seen  by  us. 
The  description  of  Bloch  agre&s  apparently  with  the  species  called  DalUtea 
melanopteriu  l>y  Cope,  who  desoriben  a  specimen  from  "Darien,"  btit 
whether  from  the  Colon  or  the  Panama  side  of  the  isthmus  in  not  stated; 
probably  the  former.  If  we  can  trust  descriptions,  this  species  (mocit- 
latHS  =  melaiiopUru«)  is  closely  allied  to  the  one  here  called  CanthidermU 
tufflamen,  diflering  in  the  shorter  dorsal  and  anal  and  the  spotted  body. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     1707 


PooaibJy  Giliitber  itt  right  iu  referring  »ujlj(amfn,  macrop*,  opulatH*,  and 
Vtill uijhheii  to  tlio  syuonyuiy  of  inacuialui,  liiit  in  that  ciim<  the  vuriations 
in  color  anil  in  tiu  rays  iiiiiBt  tio  unuBimlly  lai'Ko.     (maculatug,  Hpotted.j 

HalUUt  radio  donaU  rtnrraliiue  hfimilimo,  cU\,  Ukohow,  Zooplijl.,  192,  1765,  American 

, Ocean;  iliiruil  rnys  III,  22;  A.  19;  l>eU.v  ii|x»t|pil  willi  whiU>. 
llalisttJi  maculaUn.  HliX^k,  Icbtliyolu^la,  |il.  t.M,  1786,  West  Indies  (baited  uu  »  ajwcitncii 

with  D.  II,  34 :  A.  21 ;  body  and  Hn«  spotted  wilb  blue) ;  Gl1miK&,  Cat.,  VIII,  218.  li70; 

Is  part. 
RalUtei  amfrieamtt,  GVKLIK,  SvHt.  Nat.,  I,  HT2,  17(W.  America  ;  ader  GHOKOW. 
Ifalittet  macTopttnu.  Walbaitm.  Art4tdi  I'igc.  III.  iK>,  1792.  America;  alter  Gronow. 
t BaUtUi aeulatv*,'  GitAT,  Hardwloke's  UItikL  Inil.  l<m\.,  Kialies,  |il.  a,lig.  1,1833,  India 

(jwmg)  i  ftgnred  by  BrxEKBK,  with  whit«  nimlN.    I).  Ill,  24 ;  A.  21. 
Ba\i»t*M  rVW,  OBnNow,  Oat.  FUbea,  Kd.  Gray,  36,  18&4,  American  Ocean.    D.  Ill,  22; 

A.  19;  after  GiioNuW. 
BaiUta  lantjut,  a8o.'«<i\v.  Cat.  Kiitbfla.  Ed. Gray,  37,  IMil,  American  Occaa.    D.  IU,  34; 

A.  21;  oolur  rrddisli,  pulcr  Ik^Iow;  t^ye  moderate, 
Halittei  mtlanu]/(rrut.i  C'oFK,  Tntna,  Am.  riiU.  Soo.  1871,  478.  Darien. 
badtttt  maeulalui,  U.w,  FialieH  of  Inilta,  6:^,  1ST8,' in  part. 


2133.  <:i>i'TIIIDi:UlllN  WII.LrtilfilKII  iLny  a,  Ronnett). 


Hi>ad  ;H;  ileptlt  '2k;  eye  luodorat^,  about  1  iit  aaont.  D.  Ill,  20;  A.  17; 
scales  alioiit  ttH.  liody  elongate,  covered  ivitli  Btiiuuthuih  aralcs,  thoise  on 
caudal  peiliitii'lu  iiotkcoled.  Third  dorniil  B|>iiit)  Hitmll,  nut  I'lir  behind 
Mocoiid;  ventral  liuii  iis  iu  XiiHlhuhthyt,  obsciirc,  iiiiuioviiblo,  Boaled  over 
ID  adnlt.  Jaws  siilwijuiil.  IJorftal  .lud  :iiiul  abort  ami  high,  the  longest 
dorsal  ray  S*  in  body,  longer  than  buse  of  fin.  ('uiidal  uK-eially  ronuded, 
with  nburp  ituglos.  Xo  latenU  line,  (ireuniab,  with  roiiml  bluish  spota 
from  size  of  pupil  uouly  to  size  of  eye,  on  body  aud  hsuioA  of  vertical  fins. 


*  Tho  foUonin^  Is  l>ny'a  do«rription  of  the  Eaat  Indian  apectea,  GanthiJtrmii  oettltUiu 
(Gray),  to  wliicb  liojjivos  the  name  (!authidenitut  Hutcutatus.  Thiadnacriptlon  apparently 
reft^ra  mpmiully  to  On  iMiilrrmU  onilatut,  bat  it  iDcludcM  Atlantic  apevlmcnB,  and  muy  Im 
cunl'naeu  willi  Canfhidrrmta  »uJHatn*ti : 

"B.  VI.  1».  Ill,  2Uiir27;  V.  IS;  A.  24  or  21;  C.  12;  RcalM4U  toSS;  L.  tr.  28;  length  of 
hiMid  3{|  t<>  4.  a(  cumliil  Itn  6|  tu  7;  huight  of  iMxly  2}  to  3  iu  total  lenfctb  ;  eve  2  tii  21 
diamutere  I'rurn  eiiil  ol' snout  nnil  2  apart.  A  priiovo  Iu  I'runl  of  ryo.  Twili  nupvun. 
Dolch<-<l.  riml  i1«iib;iI  tin  coiiiiim-iicch  ulmvi-  gill  (r|>ening,  )1«  nnt<<rior  apinr  «lron;:iinii 
Dearly  )  aa  lun^  i>a  Ix'Otl ;  vi-ulrul  xpiiiH  iiHiiiUly  niuvuble;  ponteriur  o<lj|;e  ut  l-uuiI^iI  cuuvox 
or  niiiliilatiNl;  set'oml  dorsiil  ami  riiittl  lilth  ontcriorly,  (-aiieriHlly  in  luliiUa.  t'litMjka 
entirely  KOidt'd  :  uu  onMtuntH  iK-nt4*H  lieliicid  ^ili  opiMiinjz.  Scati^i^  rnii^huiHl  ^raiinlult*il,  but 
williont  apinex  or  proTiiinpnt  tnlwrilKa.  iixcjjpt  in  flie  innnnture.  Illui.iTi  Itlaili ;  ymiug 
pxaiapieHiinifuvureti  with  uunieroiiii  iiL'tit  b1i>tob<?a,  inori'  iw^iociiilly  in  lowpr  bait'  ot'liudy, 
tlio.-<u  niHjt.1  nriilensiiiiiiieruufl  atiil).tri2i'Miia<liilla:  duntal Hitine liliick ;  eyen  hazel.  Indian 
and  Atlantic  Oi'eann.  mon:  er<p«riiil1v'  in  tlu-ir  tropival  iiuil  xiihtnipiial  p>.>rtiODii:  alaa  Uio 
Pai-ilic,  and  nri-aMiunallv  ou  llu^Brllitb  ounat.  It  in  very  roiiimua  at  Madras,  attainlacat 
l«aat  Iti  inches  lit  If  n^th." 

t  The  folloivins  ia  Cop^'a  doarriptiou  of  liatiMtei  metannptfrvt : 

Itadii2.     I).  24;  A. 21.    I)ianii-l4<r  of  orbit  twice  iu  muzzle  and  t«etfa;  front  oonvnx  in 

Erotile,  heiid  ratbcr  8fiiini(iiiit<';  jinal  flflpth  'iM  times  In  sanii*.  Irength  of  hem!  (to 
ranchial  alJtl  S.'i'i  in  i>ami<.  Aulerior  i'nr«  much  l.trgrr  than  posterior,  but  not  produced 
beyond  menihniue-  Kxtrnniity  of  eaudaf  Ou  ftUghtly  rounded.  First  apliioii»  dorsal  ray 
ax  long  iia  fn>iii  nrhit  to  riclua  urix,  rii^iiae.  the  nigir.  alniont  npinoiis  dintullv,  the  piiinbt 
all  dirvoliil  tbrwnrd.  not  outward,  a«  in  It.  OMjtfrriinyu.  ThinI  siiiiie  wi>ll  devclopwl. 
Scalea  with  3  rows  of  HpiiioN  ou  poxterior  and  4  on  BDterior  part  of  bixly.  On  the  former 
1  anterior  IK  promliifnt  and  diriK'twl  biuknard,  hoiiio  10  rows  hping  most  marki-d;  they 
dioanpear  toward  othiT  piirt*  uf  tlio  body,  and  the  smallrraiiinw*  iMM'ome  tubt^rrli*.  The 
whole  surface  of  tho  scalois  roveriMl  with  thew.  and  th(>  rAtllatlTig  ridgOA  which  ciinvi>rj;e 
tmrardn  tbim.  Scalea  on  acapular  r<'i(ion  I'rry  ninull.  IVlvic  ]daie  narrow,  witlioiil 
joint,  cheek  aoaloa  in  tranavcrao  »iTii>«.  I'oslr)'>flvii;  rava  inill»tiii<-t  or  wanting.  <"<ilor 
blackish  above,  brown  below,  a|K>ttfd  hxi'imh  <>n  hi'iwt  niidanturinr  part  of  hark  Willi  pulo- 
browu  spota  aniaUortliaupupU;  unpaired  UDsualfurm  block.    Darien.    LeD|;th  4  iDchea. 


1708         Bulletin  47,  UnUed  Stales  National  Museum. 

Size  largo.  East  Tiidie«;  once  doiilitfully  recorded  from  Arapuloo.  Veiry 
cIoiH)  to  C'iit('ii<'errni/i  uniriilatna,  if  really  did'ereiit.  It  hajt  still  fewer  fio 
rays  if  tlie  figure  of  Ulat-ker  ami  tlio  description  of  Lay  A  Bennett  can  be 
triiHted.  (Nituied  fur  Frauci.s  Willughby,  the  learned  author  of  Uistoria 
Piscium,  in  1(W6.) 

JlalUtf  iKillughbtiii.  Lat  Ic  JJufNriT,"  Ziiiil«>>!y  «f  Itoerlie.r'ii  Vo;^■•j•^>.  0».  pi.  21,  flu-  I. 

18:i9,  AcKpulco. 
I  JialUlu  maculalfu,  Blkkkeu,  Atloii  IiuL,  pi.  218,  ag.  4, 1803.  Eatl  Indict :  out  uf  Bum  u 


670.  XANTHICHTHYS.  Kaup, 

JCanlMeAlAyft  (Kaup)  Bicuahiiso.v.  KDcydu[it9(lii>  Brltumiua,  Bd.  Xll. 313,  ISM  (1 
uiewi). 

Uoily  oUluiii;,  covered  with  ciiudiTatc-ai/ed  Aiiioothisii  st^alea,  those  ou 
posterior  )»urtof  liody  nsimlly  ivttb  blunt  keels;  iioeDl:irgfdttoat«s behind 
{rill  u)ie]iitif;;  no  lateral  lino,  of  only  a  truce  at  the  shoulder;  a  groove 
before  eye;  S  t"  ;>  narrow  gronveB  on  Iho  iheek.  Camlal  peduucle  deeper 
tliiiu  broad;  dorfliki  spini'H  ronipitnitively  Biuall,  2  only;  soft  dorsal  and 
anal  moderately  t^tevatud,  the  tips  acute;  candal  liiniite;  mouth  stnall, 
placed  hi^li,  th«  toctb  aa  in  JiiiUife*;  the  lower  jaw  much  projecting; 
ventral  liti\tH  uiidm  rlopcti.  tnunoviible,  and  Hcalcd  ovtT.  Cliielly  American; 
2  species  known;  iillicd  to  Vniithidernii',  but  dill'ering  in  ncveral  regard*, 
especially  in  the  grooved  rlieeks.  jirojoctin^'  cUin,  and  fewer  dorsal  »piue«. 
{^ardoi,  yellow;  /^'n''?,  fish,  which  is  not  trne  of  any  species;  possibly 
Xantkium,  the  cocklebur;  /;{0v$,  fi»h,  was  intended.) 

•  Tbn  following  in  the  fiiU  text  of  the  dcscripiion  of  Ijiy  *  Bemi<<U : 
"  Bal.  ol/luni/D-vtialU,  Infra  r<infertlm  albidn  ^ttatus;  aqaaiuU  latamlibii*  ptntlrUoDe 
aiil>BpiiiO!ii.ii ;  pinnia  dorsali  Bririimlu  an^Uiqii<<  elitrntia.  triiiiit;iilariliui*,  (-.iiiiduli  trtitiita. 
D.a.DU;  P.  U:  v.  —  :  A.  17;  C.  12.  l'l«t«<  XXI.  He.  2.  iliiai.trca  l-ntja,  fic,  WiLl,.,  Ichtli. 
App.p. 'il.tali.  T.'iO;  lUv,  S.rii.  Pi»c.,p.48.  I'riokleorUin^tei.tl'ile  lisli,  lirew,  lUiv.,  ji.  ns. 
tub.  7.  Hub  111  Oieauo  PaciHoo,  proiMJ  Acapulio.  A  upw.iiufu  i.l  tlii«  flsli  wii«  proservnl 
by  Oiiptiiin  ItcloluT,  K.  N..und  presentt-dby  liiiu  to  tb"  UiimMini  of  Ibo  Zoi'lo::i(»l  Suciety. 
ltd  farm  U  iiii>r»i*I<i&gj)UMl  Cbaii  ia  aaual  arnoiif^  jtH  ruiiuMDt^rH.  Uh  lud^M  beiuje  L^9  tlifui'l 
(if  ifa  total  li-iifftli.  UK  Burfiico.  oa  in  utber  »prrii-H  of  JlalUln,  in  diriili^  info  conipurt- 
niviitft.  »«f  wliifli  thi>*i'  ii^iiiiitl  till-  ijill  opi-iiiu;:H  i»ri  eficli  aido  lire  uot  evnl«!nllv  lar^iT  than 
thii  lulJuiuiiiK  om^a,  tb«!r  dialiiic'lion  in  Iliia  part  Im-Iii^  vrrv  fliutly  iiiarke<r:  earh  of  tbA 
rimi|>iirliuont«  piwtiTior  W  tl"- 1"  it.irnl  tins,  rac<-pt!im  tliose  of  thebih  k  iind  IwUv.  ia  fur- 
uiahi'd,  townrd  lis  uiid-riiir  p'lrl,  wiilin  sliort  n  biliidi.  «oii)i'wlintBplBOU»,  tubiTcle,  "dilfcUxl 
biK'kwurtlN.  Oil  lilt'  (ikill  lni<Mr  1iii>ercl«*fl  ionu  0  rows,  but  uouf  of  tiii-m  i.-n  HiiHirienliy 
ntruiiic  t»  dt^acrvn  clii>  uanio  of  spliua.  and  thi'V  cun  only  bo  ri'itinilml  hk rt-pn-xentius  the 
alroiitf  BniKiliiroMf  thin  purtinmimeothnrBiM'Lioa.  The  total  liu^tli  Mil  inrhca,  of  which 
tlin  rnmlal  llii  ori>iipii-,H  2  iii('he».  Kroiu  the  tip  of  the  n.w  to  the  ant<<rinr  part  of  tho 
urliit  tliu  dinfiinc*  ia  1}  iiichi^H;  tlir- dlamotcr  of  tliu  orbit,  ]  of  au  iinh:  tho  aiiti-rior  ray 
of  Ihu  limt  itornal  Un,  1  Im-h  in  Ipnglli,  iH  |dttc«l  1  Inrli  Imliinil  tlio  orbit ;  Ifiitf  lb  of  thr 
Hrrttdiiraiil.  1  intli :  ItilHrt-nn  it  and  the  aocnud  doraal,  1 J  inrhiai  loimth  of  ii«<'oiid  doraal, 
2  iu<hc8.  tlint  of  ila  fourth  riiy  l.iin«  2}  incbea;  from  W.-,  turminntiou  to  Oio  liuaoof  tho 
caudal.  11  inelii>«;  liMij;tli  of  llio  oiihT  ray  of  tho  c«ii<lnl,  2  itu'lipn.  of  tho  iiiiil.ll-  nn  •  IJ; 
from  IholiaH^of  tho  caudal  to  tbr  anal  tin,  IJ  liiebi-n:  bitao  of  IhiMinal  llu  11^ 

foiirlli  ray  Imiud  2  imln'a  in  leiijilh:  heme  to  the  mnlrnl,  wliicli  !n  )  of  an  .  1 

liinthea.    Th<<j><>ot<>rnl  linn  are  iiiodt-nilc.  I  inch  in  length  bv  {  in  their  t;r>        '•- 

'rill'  greiileal  hoicht  i.i  bIhivo  tlm  vmtral  Hn:  it  ia  here  3J  iinhe.H;  llm  depili  ;i.  r.--  tho 
tail  ia  1  inch.  The  only  dintlnct  menlion  of  this  flah  which  we  havn  met  in  nonlaincd  io 
the  work  It  of  Willughby,  liav,  and  (rri<w,  whose  soToral  tigureB  and  deatrlptions  rMlaU 
appumutly  on  a  ninglo  apwiiueu,  exiating  in  their  time  in  the  Jluaenm  of  tbe  Uoyal 
Society.  Of  Hie  identity  nf  onr  upeeiea  with  theirs  it  ijialmont  inipoaaililo  toootortaiiiB 
doubt.  Tins  aynonymn  quol«<l  from  t  h«in  ar«  referrwl  by  Illoch  ami  niuffwllne  writ«i«  to 
tho  llatutrt  inaculaliit,  Blocli.  n  specie*  dilfering  in  rnrl'oiia  ro«pe«l«.  and  porUrnlarly  by 
ila  i("<a<<-r  conipiirative  bn-ailth,  ll«  loQ;{er  dorsal  and  anul  Una,  and  tbe  larKer  number  of 
niva  m  Ihoso  linn.  '     <l.jir&  li<tnneit.) 

\  XnnthieMhifii,  Kikn\t:  Markml  fiirrriwa  on  the  fact-;  2  rnya  in  tlio  ftrat  dorsaU  aoahielda 
bebiud  llio  gtil  ujMiuiugi  I  BiK.'viva,  X.  cunumvicv§.    (Richardaun.  (.  c.> 


■■ 


Head  3;  depth  2.  0.  II,  31;  A.  28;  P.  14;  scalea  3«.  Bndy  oUlonR.  its 
depth  at  imuB  i  Ii'ss  tliaii  at  pelvis;  e-yu  vory  high,  ">  In  hL-iid,  3  in  snout 
to  tipsof  upper  teeth  ;  prRocnlar  furrow  luixlorato;  lower  jaw  much  h>ngor 
thiiii  iiii])er:  uoonlnrged  plittoa  hebind  gill  oiipdIii^s  cheek M-ith  8  oldique 
uaketl  stripeH  like  Bciirs  from  gill  (ipenin>;  to  chin ;  dorsal  Rpinei)  2,  (he  firist 
very  larne;  aoft  dorsiil  iiiodoratoly  ©levutcd,  it«  longest  rny  *  length  of 
base  of  tin;  Annl  Hiitiilar,  tbo  murgiii  litttc  concave;  caiidnl  lunate,  itH 
anglM  w<dl  marked;  veutrnl  and  dorsal  apines  not  very  rough;  vertical 
diiinieter  of  aoairs  dnuble  the  longitnilinai ;  median  tnlwrclo  present  only 
on  the  tail.  Color  clear  vii»Iet,  tbo  stripoM  ou  cl)e«k»  violut  blaek;  body 
with  intomipteil  longitudinul  lirms  formrd  of  a  lurj^e  violet  point  at 
each  intersection  of  Brub's;  luw  of  the  n'oiiad  color;  upptT  and  lower 
borders  of  caudal  violet  red,  the  posterior  edge  blood  rod;  a  narrow  yel- 
low streak  along  front  of  other  fins;  soaly  siieath  at  base  of  tins  red. 
West  Indies  and  southward;  recorded  from  Mauritius;  probably  widely 
distribated.     Length  10  incbeH,     (n'ni^etM,  suarliug  or  showing  tho  teeth.) 

BaliMleM  Hngttu,  l.iyniMVS,  Syst.  Nat,  Ed.  X,  330,  ITSH,  no  Incallty  t  Hua.  Adolph.  Frid.,  1, 

68.    D.lll,2B;  A.28i  "laterjbiis  rapitcn  tri|i)icab>!i;"  OfSTIIKn,  ('(it..  VUI,  221. 
Citeuyo,  Pajuu.  IMf.  n*-/.**,  ctr.,  Ciiha,  in,  1787,  Havana;  uft»-r  Linn.kus. 
Balitift  eurastatim;  Umkuk,   Syit.   Vat.,  l,    1472,    1788,  Curaasavia  (Canujtio) ;   aft«r 

GRO»OW. 
BalUtet  noUU«$.  naonow.  Cat.  Fiahes,  K<l.  Gray.SO,  18M,  botli  Indiea. 
BaliilH  nitidui,  (innwovr,  C'ul.  Fl«be«,  IC<I. Gray, 3fl,  1H64,  American  Ocean. 
Balutft  lineo-ytinctatut,  HoLLAlili,  Ann.  tid.  Nat.  ISM,  4th  St'ri(«a.  \u\.  1,  05,  Bourbon 

Island. 
Balixla  eieatriecntu,  I'OEV,  Memoriua,  II,  '.f27,  1801,  Cuba. 
BaliMtft  fiecMi,'  J.  AV.  vox  MCllkh,  Relnen  In  Ver»ini);t«ii  Stoatcu,  Cauiuln  iind  Mvilcu, 

1,182.  IWM,  Mexico. 
Xanlhiehtliyt  eitalrieanu,  Fobt,  ISjrnapfllii,  43S,  1868. 

'  BalitteM  heckeli,  von  Miillcr,  is  B|i]uircntl,v  a  npories  of  Xantiiichlihyt.  and  ta  probabfy 
iilentirjd  with  A',  ringmt,    ThooriKinnl  dencriptimi  is  very  IrnpiTfert  iiml  ivadfl  an  fiilliiwH : 

"Der  iwpito  Fiscti  gi-bort  deiii  Uciitm  lialinltii  nii,  tloHM'ii  ('ImmktiTu  iu  KnlgendMii 
bcaU'lieii:  Arlit  /itiiiie  in  jwlcr  Klnulaik<,  i.\Tei  KiirkeultiMueii.  von  wplihen  ilii^  ltkIH'  nun 
ein  nt^t^r  x\vi*i  hitrutirnrtiirun  St4irb4>1n  iH^ntiibt,  dii>  nle  in  einr  Uinno  anf  deiii  Ktipfiv  aiwli^r. 
lci;fii  kiinnf^n.  diu  r.neitc  uIht  wuii-h  iaI  unil  ii1i«>r  il«r  Aft4irduKN«  Mt«kt;  di(i  Uu-iic-hliuAavn 
frblen  mill  Hiiid  iliinli  rin  iihiiliolurt  liurii  wli'  diia  uaf  dem  Kiickcn  OTOotxt. 

"  lll«  Kt'Ki'nwiotit'K  Spii'itw,  wi'lulic  ii-b  clM-iifullH  mit  ritriinKun  vou  Ktieiu  jHjn/enu 
aiit)i>»vbu.,  ut  prai'lit  \(ill  uUr«in(tniildan  duf  ilom  kijii'Vi»n,  wt^li^lu**  Iiarh  dor  rnt<*t*4elto  iu 
WiMHd  iil>«*ru''lit .  aiif  liiT  lllwrrtciu^  t»:it  i^cllirwtluMi,  ntieh  dent  Baurtic  blaM^iioCPlrotb 
worden  den  Flitkuti ;  «amu)tlUliB  Flciitm  n  mid  Srbwniw  h^bbaft  ilvgetrnth  ;  die  WBcb  voni 
Dilt  atarki'n  SJigi-niihrnii  vflricbonon  llilrncrdnnkel  cranblnn :  diw  Autif  ft'iirii;  rosfhraiin, 
wird  Ifbball  iiud  inUflllncnt  liin-  mid  lierlicweel.  Rriiat-  und  Al'l<rlUw«en  betludeii  «icb 
bdi  diPiiein  Flnrli  ill  cinirr  liirl  wfibrondaiiKiTonltinlUi'h  iiischi'n,  /ItlcniDd  B^'WurunK.  I<'b 
halm  ilic  Sjhtk'.*  ni«iu>in  tM<riiI]iut«.'n,  mi  I'riih  daliin  grmliie-deiK'U  Frounde  Heokel  iti 
Ehren  lialtrlrs  heclrtii  ni'iiount." 

(J.  W.  run  MiiUor,  Roiwn  in  den  Vorehugtou  Staateu,  Conuda  and  Mcsioo,  I,  182, 183, 
18»1.> 


S13«.  XlTTUirilTHYK  SEXTO  (Jonlui  k  GUbert). 


Heail  3^;  dcptli  L'?.  D.  II-I,  L>9;  A.  I,  2fi;  scales  37,  23  in  an  obliqne 
aeriea  upward  htkI  fonvanl  from  front  of  aual.  Body  olilong,  elliptical, 
slightly  heia\ie«t  forward;  dors.il  ami  ventrnl  outlines  ainiilitr,  neither 
laiicli  ari.'lied ;  body  uot  Btrougly  couipreaeud,  its  greatest  tbickuewi  :i  Httlo 
leHH  tluin  I  its  greatest  depth;  uuMtth  vory  smull,  t4>rniinal.  Ligher  np 
thiin  iisutkl,  nearly  in  line  of  axin  of  Uody,  the  chin  protruding  beyond  it; 
width  of  month  fnnn  angle  to  nnj^le  abont  ^qnal  to  diameter  of  eye. 
LowtT  jaw  tliu  longer,  its  teeth  slightly  dirocttid  backward;  upper  jiiw 
with  ita  teuth  dirocted  slightly  forward,  shutting  outside  of  the  lower 
tveth.  Teeth  pulo  lnownisb,  gomewhat  iiueqnal;  lower  terth  wedge- 
eliapi-d,  broadest  uud  nearly  tnineate  at  tij);  ti-eth  of  upper  jaw  idjliqnoly 
truncate,  slightly  vuiarginate,  the  outer  angle  pointed  and  )^rojecting; 
about  8  teeth  in  outer  row ;  thr  niuulh  so  closely  shut  that  the  innt^r  row 
can  not  bo  seen;  eye  small,  Iiigh,  and  well  back,  its  diameter  contained 
nearly  twiceiii  iiiterorbital  width,  Sinsnout;  a  groovein  front  of  eye  l>eIow 
noHtrils,  ahoiitaslimg.-w  di.'iinrtorof  eye;  5  narrow  grooves  un  cheek  below 
eye,  ext^iiiling  frnm  near  mouth  backward  toward  huso  of  pectoral. 
Height  of  gill  opening  slightly  greater  than  dimiioter  of  eye,  its  lower 
edge  opfiosite  juiddle  of  poetural.  [Scales  of  body  compstratively  small, 
not  very  rough;  8calc.4  of  belly  somewhat  reduced  in  size,  arranged  in 
obli<ino  series  mnning  downward  and  backward  frnm  pectoral  region, 
those  farming  a  (outraat  in  direction  with  scales  of  sides;  scales  on  caudal 
peduncle  wlthniit  kee!  or  spines,  similar  to  those  on  rest  of  body;  8e.ile« 
on  posterior  portion  of  sides  slightly  carlnate,  forming  low  ridges  along 
rows  of  scales.  Oill  opening  siirronndet!  by  smull  scales  and  without 
larger  plates.  First  dorsiil  spine  very  robust,  ]ilncod  sumcwhat  behind 
eye,  its  height  a  little  more  than  twice  diunietcr  of  eye,  the  deep  dorsAl 
groove  as  long  as  spine;  socoiid  spino  shoit  and  sUnder,  its  length  abont 
equal  to  diameter  of  eye;  third  <lijrBal  spine  wholly  wanting;  soft  dorsal 
rather  high,  its  longest  rays  more  than  i  length  of  base  f>f  fin,  IJ  in 
head;  an.il  similar,  its  base  u  little  shorter,  a  few  series  of  small  scales 
covering  base  of  each  tin;  caudal  moderate,  Innate,  its  depth  from  tip  to 
tip  more  than  its  length,  and  1^  tiitiea  in  length  of  head.  Caudal  i>odtincle 
subterete,  deeper  than  broad;  ventral  spine  nlightly  movable;  pectoral 
short,  rounded,  less  than  i  length  of  head.  Coloration  in  sjijrits,  dark 
olive  above,  rather  pale  below,  the  skin  between  scales  somewhat  darker; 
scaly  basal  part  nf  ilorsal  and  anal  abruptly  black;  membrane  of  these 
fins  ycllowisli,  the  tips  dusky;  st-aly  ba«e  of  caudal  dark  brown,  the 
medial  part  lighter  brnwnisli ;  a  lunat'O  bund  at  tip  yeHowiuh;  pectorals 
olivaceous.  Kooky  Islands  otf  tin;  west  coast  of  Mexico,  not  common; 
close  to  Xanthichthya  ringev$.     Length  1  foot,     (rnenio,  having  a  long  ahin.) 


Jialittea  mrnlo,  JoRtiAK    Jn 
Revillacisedo  Qroup, 


(iluiEUT,   rrnr.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mils.   18SI.  ^8.  Clarion    Island, 
(T.viKi,  Nu.  28a«7.    CoU.  UvuU  U.  £,  NiolioU.) 


WelieMhyi,  SWAJNSOK,  Class.  Aniu.,  ti,  325, 1K5»  irinffnu.  BtA>rr<:  n<it  uf  I.mif  jnm). 
UelanirJilhyt,  GUnthxb,  C»t.,  viu,  237, 1870;  i:am<cted  siK'UiD);. 

Thin  gcQUs  dilVpra  from  Itttlute*  chii-Hy  in  tln'  jirenenceofn  aeries  of  even, 
white,  iiiL'isor-like  teotli,  inHteml  of  Hit)  iiregtilar  inciaors  of  lialiitet.  The 
tail  is  iiiinrtned  or  M)c-  »e.il»!*  »lij;litly  ki*el«<l ;  a,  groove  is  present  before  tho 
eye  liclow  the  iioMtrilei,  itnil  (.he  e]jite1<H  lim  wholly  scaled.  The  vurtieal 
Qiis  am  atii^iihiteil,  but  U(>t  giroilitncd  hi  tilitiiieiitM:  ventral  flap  siuiill, 
immoviible,  und  covered  with  ruugh  acales.  Tropical  sous,  <  fiikwi,  blttok ; 
/^6i>f,  fish.) 


a.  Dorsal  Hpioin  ll.  sort  my s  34 ;  aoiU  rays  32. 
oa.  OunuU  splsea  2,  salt  rays  112:  niial  mys  28. 


pirKi-s.  2126. 
niSPLNOSl'Ei,  2127. 


I 


SIM.  HKLirHTHYN  PirKtIM  (Poer). 
(GM.^jrATBi  Black.  Ouiirurc;  Calu'ati.) 


Heod  4  in  len^^h  to  eml  of  middle  of  rays  of  caiidnl.  Ti.  111,34;  A.82; 
scales  about  53 ;  (iy<!  \  iu  snout,  ns  loit;^  am  preocular  furrow ;  dora&l  apinM 
3;  randul  truncate  with  its  points  prodnced  fur  ii  distimce  *  length  of  fin. 
Blue  bluck,  u  sky-blue  bund  along  bases  of  dorHnl  and  aniil;  ii  whtto  baud 
iiloutr  [Kistcriipr  edge  of  caudiil  paralkd  with  the  Hordrr.  (I'oey.)  Woet 
Indii'N  Olid  southward;  not  very  cooituon;  very  likely  idcntii'iil  ■with  the 
Eaat  Indian  species,  which  has  been  wrongly  identitied  by  anthors  tis 
Bali9te»  hunU-a,  ringeng,  or  mger.  If  the  apeines  iirc  identiciil  the  uume 
pi«etM  should  apparently  be  retained,  iis  noue  of  thcs(>  earlier  uaiiies  wna 
intended  for  this  Huh.     (piceut,  pitch-black.) 

UaliMet  nigra,  o.sreck.  It«r  OhincDsi*,  295, 1707,  Ascension  Islaiiil;  prH-Liiuneui;  ckUed 
Baluteti  riitjjetm  alter  LiNN.KU.t  in  later  or  puat-Lliuuciui  cditioiu. 

Oal^aU,  Pahka,  ]>ir.  Plt!z;i«,  rlc,  18, 1787,  Havana. 

I  UtUrhlfKjt  ringnit,  liLCEKKa,  Atlas.  Ind.  Icbth.,  v.  108,  pi.  230,  Ok-  t.  l'W2,  East  Indies; 
nut  Batinrmt  rin-itnM  LilOf.KPS. 

BalUlfM  pieeus.  Poev,  Proi.  Ac  Xiit.  Sci.  Phila.  I8fla,  180,  Cuba. 

t  BatitUt  Ininiva.  rtC'NTHmi.C.'Bt.,  \'ni.  22ri.  1870;  iiat  of  I..ACl:pf:DB. 

f  HaUntetniger,  iiilSTUKn,  Kistius  Zoozlbar,  13$,  pi.  IP,  lig.  1, 1800,  nut  nr  Muugii  r'arli  uur 
of  UoUartl. 


I 


8187.  HELICIITHTS  BIHFINOSrs,  QUbert. 

Heads';  depths,  V.  11,32;  A.2U;  V.  15;  »c»le852.  Lowerjaw  but  little 
protruding  in  open  mouth;  H  teeth  in  I'ai'li  jaw,  tho  2  ant'erior  of  which 
arx  broad  truncalo  iuciHors  without  uot<:h;  3  lateral  teeth  iu  Iowit  jaw 
•■ouBpiciiously  uotcLud,  the  anterior  linglo  projectiug;  iu  tho  upper  jaw 
the  posterior  tooth  la  truncate,  entire,  and  the  other  '.'  lateral  t4<L<th  but 
slightly  notched;  tveth  iu  lower  Jaw  each  with  a  strong  horizoutn!  back- 
ward proceHs;  eye  5  in  snout;  length  of  antcorlvital  groove  |  eyt>;  width 
of  gill  slit  1  snout;  distance  from  end  of  dorsal  groove  to  soft  dorsal  2i  iu 
snout;  first  dorsal  Hpitie  vpry  heavy,  its  tip  curved  backward,  its  length 
i  head,  the  front  iiiirl  sides  of  Hpiue  nigost"',  but  not  aiiiuons,  tho  ru- 
gosities coarser  in  front  and  iibove;  second  dorsal  spine  very  slender, 


m£  »  UdrA  f  hw,  t^  BMsbnuso  extendui; 

the  l/mgOt  mt  ito  baae  «boat  i  snont: 

gatline  •tnigbt,  the  dm 

I  ia  aUi^tly  convex  behind, 

■t  vt^al  te  iiiMfitwr  of  orUit ;  pUte* 

■Mktiiilly  similstr 

■Iwwisg  iM>  taid«oc7  to  cojiIwcv 

mi  iTOgfc  iwihiM  tmsta  on  the  platM 

■k»  aak  WmIbk  tUMwek  spines;  Mvcra] 

■■Iw4iil  filMM  iBBMiiaMr  %akiwl  tfM  ap««l»,  aaeh  with  centrttlly 

T«dfaUlaic  V»r»i  patv«c  f  iai  vrj-  ■■■t>.  ■•  wH  ■■  tb«  nMsrabrADo  imiue- 

iJTititj  V»h''->-1  it.    Oator,  y^trj  '^'^  caWlt  hlse  in  hto,  beconiinp  nai- 

fhCMtjrUMkiaspmto:  a  wutov  licks  Um  ItBoaloaglMMa  of  dorsal  and 

;  wkita  u  ifuiu:  cawlal  vith  an  intzmmnrginal  black  band, 

•4f*A  ytalariMly  vith  *  xtry  manom  vhit*  lin*.    Very  abandant  at 

Ciaitaa  aai  Oaiiiiii  mhmdm.    {ki^immmt,  h»rimg  3  spines. ) 

I2S.  Ctarion  and  Socorro 
) 


ra^milf  CUL3L  HOSXCASTBXDJL 
(TttK  Fuji  Pisncs.) 


Body  mnrb  comprrMcd,  corered  with  xer;  small  ron^  sealea,  forroin); 
ft  velvety  covering;  iualv«  sometimes  with  aptn««  on  the  caudal  peduncK'. 
I'pper  jaw  with  a  double  9«ri«'9  of  ittci«or-Iike  teeth, 6  in  the  onter,  and 
4  in  th<-  inner  seriea;  lower  jaw  with  6  ^Lmilar  tet'th  iti  a  sin^rle  seriea; 
rtrnt  dorsal  with  a  single  strong  spine  and  generally  a  nidimeiitary  om- 
twliind  it;  eecund  doisul  li>np,  similar  to  anal;  rentral  tins  rcdiict-d  to  a 
RJiuple  usscona.  fixed  or  movable,  amall  appendage  at  the  end  of  the  lone 
pidrio  lionc;  this  appendage  often  mdimentary  or  entirely  absent;  no 
Itivrbi'l;  vertebrje  T-fll  to  14=18  to  21.  Genera  6  or  more;  apeciea  nitoat 
50.  Horbi  vorons  short-  fisbi-s  of  warm  seas,  closely  allied  to  the  Balitlidtr, 
ditVerihf;  I'bielly  in  having  the  first  dorsal  reprt'sented  by  a  Hinglc  spine, 
liohiiid  which  is  sometimes  a  radiment ;  scales  8iu»ll,  spioigerons,  the  skin 
inoDtly  riiiigh  velvety.  The  specieo  aro  mostly  small  in  size  and  art?  not 
tiaad  as  food,  having  little  flesh  and  that  of  a  bitterish  tiste.  (Genus  Mon- 
tu^nlhiit  QUiithi-r,  Cut.,  \iu,  229-254, 1870). 

a.  I'ubic  Imiuo  with  A  small  tpiae  at  its  end:  glU  opening  short,  nearly  vertical,  dona) 
and  anal  moderale,  eacli  vf  leu  than  40  nys. 
b.  Polrio  apine  movable. 

c.  Domal  spine  not  barbed,  ita  edge  merely  roogh.  OAXrtOMms.SJi. 

M.  Doraal  epine  armed  wtUi  stitniK  retrorao  barba,  aaaally  bi  S  aeries. 

Mo.iACAimniB,  «7L 
M.  Polvio  apino  fixed:  dorsal  spine  with  abbut  4  aeriea  of  ainall  barb*. 

PgKflKlMONACASnnTS,  B74. 

aa.  l*iibio  bone  witliout  spine  at  il«  rud.  gill  opening  long,  iiUliqu«.  dorsal  and  anal 
long,  <^aoh  of  40  or  mor«  ra.va:  dorsal  spine  witboat  barhn,  initerteil  alwve  the 
orbit.  ALUTKBa,  vrs. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1713 


I 


672.  CANTHERINES,  Swainson. 

amUftfriMM,  SWADIBON,  riuK'u  Fighes,  n,  (27, 1830  (na»\tt\tii  -^  tandvnehtntU). 
i<t  AlMUMLarma.  Aoak^iz,  I'uiiiii.  KosRilen, Vul.  2, 251,  IMS  lorale:  riwail ;  niune  preoo«upi«d). 
lAomtnmtanthtu,  Klbkkeii.  Ned.  Tydakr.  Dioik..,  ni,  11, 1860  {pariialit). 
Canthorhintu,  Gnxj  comcted  ijtelling. 

This  p'nus  differs  from  Monacanthim  rliiefly  in  tlii'  abseiicn  of  bjirbs  on 
th«>  dorsal  spine,  which  is  lim^;,  gtrnn};,  aiul  j>liic<^il  ovrr  the  front  oC  thu 
eye.  Soules  miiiutti.  Sjx'cios  fi-w.  (MCirOoi,  uhb,  or  monUkuly  dxayBa, 
H|iiiie;  /jt'y,  Bnnut.) 

a.  DorMi  1, 35 ;  A.  .tl.  rCT-t.rg,  2128. 

aa.  Doraal  1,38;  A.  34.  CASnLji, 2130. 


I 


I 


SIS8.   rANTHKRIiims  PrLtlTH  (Ronsani). 

(LUA  OOLORADA.) 

Drptli  abont  2.  D,  11,  35;  A.  31,  Body  modfirately  olerated;  Rnout 
mcMleriitciy  iirorttifed.  the  upper  profile  filightly  (•oiiniive;  ponfcrior  iiiivr- 
giu  of  eyo  directly  above  axil.  A<1(ilt.s  ( 1^  inchi^n  iong'i  willi  2  to  6  pairs 
of  strong  recurved  spiiH-s  on  etkch  .side  of  tiiil ;  cainlal  sliurt;  dorsal  apiiie 
nearly  straight,  rather  shorter  Ihan  lieiid,  without  biu-bR,  serrulate  io 
front,  aitnnted  abt^ve  front  of  eve;  skiti  with  a  velvety  appfiiraure;  the 
scales  minnte.  Coloratioit  variable,  generally  with  »  whitish  sjwt  beliitul 
the  lost  dorsal  ray,  iiiid  8ov(.'r;il  more  or  less  distinrt  pale  longitudinal 
hands  along  tall:  lioiid  with  ititdulatiHl  liltiiKh  Mtn-iika;  body  sometituea 
with  scattered  round  li);ht  spotH,  ench  with  a  diirk  speck  in  thf  center; 
young  sometimes  nniforni  silvery;  color  probably  varying  with  snrronDd- 
ings.  Reaches  a  sveight  of  ti  pounds,  (Giiiither.)  We.xt  Indies  and  coast 
of  Mrazi],  occaNioually  north  to  southern  Florida;  speciriieriH  frotu  BiiLia 
©xiiTnined  by  iih,  brown  in  color,  without  markings.  Identilied  by  <iila- 
tlier  with  the  widely  distributed  ICast  Indian  Hpooles,  ('aiilhrrineii imrtfaliit, 
perhaps  correctly,  bat  the  color  seems  ditTerent.     ( jiultus,  dusky  gray.) 

Lija  eolorada,  I'iUUA.  Die.  Fieus,  etc.,  pi.  2a,  1787.  Cuba. 

Monaeanlhui  pullut,  Uanzani,  NoT.Caann.  Act.  Sd.  Iniit.  UnuoD.,  v.  f  pi.  1,  1842.  Brmiil ; 

JoBOAN  &  GiuiKiiT.  Synupsia.  8&a,  188S. 
Honaeauthut  maerocfnu,  Hoi,L.AB».  L   (.,  tt,  327,  pi.  12,  &e.  1,  1854;  adnlt,  Bahia;  body 

corerod  -nrith  rounded  spots,  iii<«  of  eye. 
Monacanthwi  Tupprlii,  Castei.iah,  Aniin.  Am.  Nonv.  AtntT.  Sud,  Pols*.,  97,  pi.  47,  flg.  2, 

18S5,  Bahia;  II.  II,  3A;  A.  31);  body  nitb  oraiigr  spiita. 
Unnacaneinu irroratuj.  PoEY.  Meuiorioa,  n,  330,  18IH,  Cuba;  cbeelia  with  nbUqiie  oranKO 

streaks ;  body  with  looKitndiDul  brown  streaka  and  pule  Kpots. 
Uonaeaiithut  ttratiu.  Per,  Momorioa,  II.  320.  ISBl,  Cuba  ;  8  spines  on  raeh  aide  of  tail. 
Mmneanthiu  parraianut,  PoKT,  Proo.  AA.  Nat.  Sci.  Fbila.  1863.  185,  Cuba;   after  lAjit 

Colorada  of  Paura;  4  spioea  on  earb  aide  of  tail. 
Xanaeantiim  ptineta/u$,  Po«T,  Synopala,  437,  1888,  Cuba;  no  strlties  on  side*  of  nhosk; 

apota  cm  Inxly  yellow. 
Xonaeanthiu  jtardalit.  QDKTaBtt,  Cat,  VHl.  230,  1870;  lii  part,  probably  not  of  RI^ppill. 

ei89.   CASTHKIHXES  <'ARI)h£,  Jordan  &  McGregor,  nfw  specie*. 

Head  3,^0;  de)>tb  2.  V.  1,  3S;  A.  .'^4;  eye  H^.  Hody  elliptical,  com- 
pressed; anterior  profile  Nomcw  hat  conrnve,  obliijiic  ;  mouth  small;  teeth 
large,  white,  and  irregulur:  gill  opeuiug  somewhat  In  front  of  pectoral, 


1714  BulUtitt  47,  Unikd  SlaUs  National  Mtiseum. 


ita  length  31  inliond;  clorsul  wpino  very  stout  and  straight,  cverjrwhei* 
rongli,  1)tit  williutit  diatiiict  luirbfl,  1)  id  head;  (iorsol  raya  2  in  head;  unal 
ray  2  in  lu^sul;  caudal  short  utid  r<Hiud<j<!.  1}  in  Jifud;  prrtoral  2^  in  head; 
pelvic  Imiie  with  ventral  sj)ino  fimily  nttachod,  the  latt«<r  with  about  10 
rudiatinij;  spinulea;  ventral  lliq)  little  ilrvolopcd;  rundal  pednncJe  with  4 
Htronj;,  hluutiah  Hpiuos,  turned  lurwurd  and  arrayed  in  2  pairs,  1  above 
and  1  below  th»  iiiiddl«i  line.  Color  dull  gfrayish  olivft;  head  finely 
spef.klod  with  darker;  iiu8  all  pale;  lips  whitinh.  lalauda  olF  tbo  wc«t 
coast  of  Mexico;  1  epccimcu  iibout  7  inches  LniiK  frotii  Clarion  Ibland. 
(iNaniod  for  Mre.  Chiirlott*)  JIcGrcKor,  mother  of  Kivhard  (".  MeOreijor.) 

Cttrntherin't  mrolir.  JhudjsN  .V  McOiik<iiir  MS.,  Clarion  Island.     ('I'Mi*.  Nn.  IIOBR,  L.  S- 
Jr.  Unir.  Mu«.    CuU.  K.  C.  MoUregur.) 

673.  MONACANTHUS,  Cnvier. 

JTofMMantAu*,  CuviEB,  R6gu«  Aniinul.  VA\.  I.  I&2, 1817  (ehinnttit). 

IHeAnlcrTiia,  Swainmo.x,  Cliuttn  Kixlicn,  ••t"'.,  11.  :t'27,  IHIIS  (iurapui<=BalxtUheru»t,  LaoipMe). 

8l*phanolfj>U,  Gill,  Proo.  Ac.  Ni»t,  Scl.  Pliiln.  IKOl,  7«  {Mti/er). 

Body  short  and  deep,  very  atTonjjly  compressed,  covered  with  minnte, 
rough  Bcalen,  Mouth  very  Biiiall;  upper  jnw  with  ii  donble  series  of 
incisor-Iiko  tenth,  imually  C  in  tlio  outer  and  4  in  the  inner  a«rie«<;  lower 
jaw  with  about  0  incimirB  in  a  wiiiglo  B»>rii's;  teeth  connivent,  nncqnal; 
giJl  o|i«ning  a  small  dlit,  sh^rttT  tlmu  thu  eye,  nearly  vertical  below  the 
p<i8terinr  part  of  the  eye.  and  just  in  front  of  u])i>er  ediao  of  pectoral. 
Dor.nal  spine  large,  urnied  with  2  series  of  retrorse  barba,  and  no  con- 
spicuous Jilftrueut«;  N(>Rrind  dotsul  and  anal  Una  Riniilar  to  each  other,  of 
about  'Jo  to  :t5  ray."  each  ;  Cfuidal  fin  moderate,  niiindcd;  pelvic  bone  with 
a  blunt,  movabln  spine,  the  bone  connected  by  a  movable  flap  of  varying 
.si/e;  Hide  of  tail  often  with  a  pateh  of  (tpinea,  cupooially  in  the  males. 
Vertebnt"  7-f  11  to  H==l><  to  21.  Speeies  very  nnnu-rous,  in  wami  aoaa, 
nioHtnfthcni  reacliiiijjasiuaU  NJze.  All  are  lean  fishes  with  leathery  skin 
and  bitter  Ucsh,  uasuited  for  food,     {uovui,  one;  aMai'On,  spine.) 

MoNArANTtHW: 

a.  Vontnil  tiwi)  in  the  nilult  grontly  developed,  extendtng  moob  lieyond  th«>  tpdItsI 
apino;  ndnlt  'vrltli  2  or  3  ]>iiirii  »f  re<'urrc<I  apiuua  on  caudal  pediincle,-  youog 
witljoiil  tlii'M  cbaracleni,  slmiUr  to  youog  of  Utepkanoifpu. 
b.  D.  I,  30;  A.  30.    Color  very  variable.  CIUATTS,  2130. 

SrSPIIAKOLCPia  ttrritjiarot,  crown;  Ktnit,  acale) : 
on.  Veutrnl  flap,  even  In  lulnit,  mnderatrlyilevnlnpod,  not  roach ingbeyinxlpolric  spine. 
Du  recurved  xpincs  on  luiudol  pvdiiucle. 
e.  Dorsal  anil  anal  ciuh  with  3U  to  3'J  soft  ray*. 

d.  Dei>tli  umre  than  )  Irujfth  of  Iwidy.  BTSPIPre,  1131. 

dil.  Depth  lion  tliaii  |  Icnglh  nf  iHMly.  UPOOMOTrs,  318S. 

CO.  Doraol  and  aual  each  'vrllh  abont  'J1  «oft  raya.  orposmw,  2133. 


SISO.  KOKOCilKTHr.H  CIM.iTrS  (MltihlU). 

{LKAxnEa  Fisn;  Lija.) 

Head  3^;  depth  H;  yonng  IJ.  D.  I,  .10;  A.  30;  scales  very  small,  with- 
out median  crest.  Spines  becomiuu  lunger  on  oatidnl  peduncle,  which 
has  ill  addition  2  or  :i  pairu  of  stroui;  8piueti  curved  furwuid,  these  proiu- 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1715 

inrnt  only  in  adnltx;  Tcntral  dnp  longpr  than  Imnjl,  about  \  length  of 
btxly.  Scales  nn  vcntra]  llap  <levelopo<)  n8  Itftt  platen,  with  their  free  luar- 
uiuH  pi-ctiiiate.  Snout  point^'d,  tbo  npper  profiU-  <:ouoavu.  DorKal  apino 
Htroiig,  nearly  :i8  loiif^  \\%  head,  iirniud  liehiuil  with  2  ron-s  of  retrortie  barbx ; 
vnntriil  Hpiiie  ginal],  ronuh.  t'olor  varyiiijj  vrry  niU'-h  with  the  >»urroiiiid- 
ingH  of  th<<  fish,  from  dull  idivi'  vjws  to  the  rooBt  vivid  ^t\\m  tcri«<'n;  the 
niurkin)^  not  well  deilnt-d  uiid  not  very  raiiHtaot;  ^i-«i'n,  with  whitf  oirri 
onsid*')*;  n  whitish  ionjiitiHlitial  cloud  beliiud  pcrtoralH:  n  pal<>  bitiid  down- 
ward ttiiil  forwiird  from  eye;  lower  sidr  of  hcnd  with  darker  crowi  liaiidH; 
doTHiil  and  anal  piiikiHli,  with  (usually  3)  darker  upots  at  liasi-;  ventral 
ll.'tp  I'll^t'il  Willi  MOJirli-t;  CJir'.dal  K«'*«'ni«h,  iuottli<d  with  darker  .-lud  piili.-; 
Boirii'  npM'inii'nRMhow  tjeLthor  rod  nor  {n"cpn  shades,  urid  have  vaKU<',  <lu»ky, 
lou|;itudiiial  Htripos.  West  Indies  and  Florida;  v(<ry  aluiudant  about  the 
l-'lorifla  Keys,  with  M.  hi»iHdH».  The  yoniij;  of  the  '2  very  iiiHoh  alike,  but 
cilialuti  in  always  more  elongat4<,  and  us  it  grows  oId*-r  tlic  pelvir  llap  growx 
nineh  larger  iiud  the  armature  nf  the  tail  more  distinct.  Leu;;th  4  to  8 
inches,     (ci'iutu*,  fringe*!  with  lasho!*.) 

BalUtet  eUinttu,  UlTCItCU.,  Amer.  Monthly  Ma^.  and  Crit.  Rtr.,  Marrli,  1818,  JOB,  Bahama 

Straits. 
UouaranUtiu  pinaea,  Rkkr,  Norara  Klaclie,  3011,  180T,  Rio  Janeiro. 
Afonnitnntliut  ofeidentnU:  lil'NYtlKR.  Cat.,  VIII.  237.  1870,  Puerto  Cabello:  JoiiDAN  Ic  On^ 

rik:l:l,.><yti"pBU,  KJtt.  1KH3. 
Af(^ta«iiH(Au«  rf<irii*»i.»«.-  C'l'it,  Tronn.  Ani«r,  Phil.  Soc.  Pliila.,  xiv,  l»70,  *70.  Florida  Reef; 

JuHliAX  Si  <i[LliEltr,  8yuu|Miii,  8&7,  1883. 
jrondMnlAiM  eiiuMua.  JORD.^.Y,  Proc.  U.  S.  Vat  Uua.  ISM,  liS. 


81SI.  MOyACA^THrs  IIIKPini  K  (LiunaMia). 

(Fool  FiaSi  Fiuc  KisH:  Lsatiiku  Fihii:  Uui(.><v  Coict;  Lua.) 

Hand  31;  depth  If.  D.  I,  32;  A.  32.  Young  nUgbtly  deeper  (If)  pro- 
portionally than  adult,  Kody  rather  deep,  .laws  8ube(|iiA];  eyes  large, 
about  3  in  snout.  (Jill  opening  uhont  iw  long  us  eye,  separated  from  the 
eve  by  an  interspace  nearly  e(|ual  to  its  length.  Anterior  profile  slightly 
concuve.  Dorsal  spine  somewhat  shorter  than  snout,  more  than  i  head, 
Inserted  above  posterior  ptu"!  of  eye,  stout,  rough,  unued  behind  with  2 
rows  of  retronie  barbs;  first  ray  of  soft  dorsal  often  BlanienlouB  in  the 
adult  ( male  f),  its  length  v^irying  from  that  of  !«iiont  to  that  of  depth  of  body 
(longest  among  specimens  seen  by  us  is  1  from  the  Ciuiary  Islands);  pec- 
torals •iinall.  Pelvic  bono  lonir,  ending  in  a  short,  blunt,  movable  spine, 
1>«youd  which  tbo  abdominal  tli.p  does  not  extend.  Scales  minute,  each 
with  a  crest  of  abont  3 prickles,  tho.ie  on  caudal  {Msdnncle  villous,  those  on 
ventral  llap  larger,  elongate ;  no  naked  areas;  oo  recurve<l  spines  on  tail, 
rirasa  greeu  or  olive;  back  and  sides  with  faint,  irregular  whitish  spots; 
bond  plain;  spinous  dorsal  and   caudal  green;  second  dorsal   and   unul 


ri.'iiiii  "1      ii   I   .III     <    "M     Si'iii.,.  nil),  rt  ..III,.. 


,1,  I I. .Ill'    .i,.i,il,.r. 


»" .         ■.       ..-. ..-  ..'•     I ;.....      .1       .,,      -v-r 

Cbnt»ih|{  ;i  fi«rk  liluidirA  i%i  Isjmw  uf  tlnniaJ  autl  tuank .  beatl  uiiniiuttMi  -,  cautlju  nitli  a  larofm 
erMa  band.     KInrlila  Kpef.     (Ci>tie.) 


1716         Bulletin  4.7,  United  States  National  Museum, 

translncent;  adnlt  less  variegated ;  dull  olivaceous,  mottled  with  dusky. 
Length  10  inches.  Cape  Cod  to  Cuba,  abundant  on  our  South  Atlantic 
coast  and  the  Florida  Keys;  also  found  southward,  through  the  West 
Indies  to  Brazil,  a  large  specimen  from  Bahia  having  been  examined  by  us. 
It  occurs  also  in  the  Canaries  and  Madeira.  This  species  has  been  identi- 
fied by  GUnther  with  the  East  Indian  species,  MonacanXhut  letifer,  Bennett 
(1830),  but  that  species  seems  to  have  the  dorsal  spine  weaker,  rather  less 
than  I  head,    (hitpidut,  bristly.) 

Balitta  hitpidut,  LnraxuB,  Syst.  If  at,  Ed.  xn,  405, 1766,  Carolina;  .Tosdan,  Proc.  IT.  S.  Kat. 

Hns.  1884,  IIB. 
Baiitta  brocetu,  UrrcRlLL,  Trans.  Lit.  and  Phil.  Soo.,  I,  1815,  467  New  York. 
MonaeanOau  fiiamentoiu;  Vai.enciknni:8,  tin  ConaricB,  95,  1830,  Canaries;  adnlt. 
Jf onoeantAu*  yoUtnuIa,  Valemcibn.vks,  ties  Canaries,  95, 1830,  Canaries;  youDB. 
Monaeanthfu  vaHut,  Bamzani,  Not.  Comm.  Bonon.,  v,  6, 1842,  Braiil. 
XonaeatUkut  manaehxuetUMU,  Db  Kay,  N.  Y.  Fanna:  Fisfaes,  337,  pL  57,  fig.  187,  1842, 

Massachusetts  Bay;  Stobxr,  Fishes  Mass.,  174, 1846. 
Uimaeanthu*  ufiJtT,  Db  Kay,  N.  Y.  Faona:  Fishes,  337,  pi.  69,  fig.  194,1842,  New  York 

Harbor;  probably  not  of  BENNETT ;  GrsTRER,  Cat.,  Vlil,  240, 1870,  in  part. 
UvnaeanOau  tigniftr.  Stoker,  Synopsis  Fishes  N.  A.,  497, 1846,  Massachusetts;  snbsti- 

tnte  for  tetiftr,  preocrupied. 
Uonaeantlvut  avriga.  Lows,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.  1850, 253,  Madeira. 
StephmoUpii  letter.  OoL,  Oat  Fishes  East  Coast  K.  A.,  78, 1861. 
Monaeanthut  broeeut,  Jobdan  &■  Qu.bebt,  Synopsis,  856, 1883. 

aisa.  KONACLyTHUS  SPlLONOrrS,  Cope. 

Depth  2i.  D.  I,  32;  A.  31;  scales  each  supporting  a  pedicle,  whose 
summit  divides  into  4  or  5  radiating  spines.  Body  elongate,  outline  of 
ftont  straight ;  dorsal  spine  long,  with  simple  teeth,  4^  in  length  of  body ; 
dorsal  and  anal  fins  medially  elevated;  no  brush  or  spines  on  caudal 
peduncle.  Pelvic  shield  elongate,  spinous  all  around,  the  movable  portion 
present.  Light  brown;  some  longitudinal  lines  just  below  the  dorsal  flu, 
the  median  developing  a  dark  si)ot  below  middle  of  soft  dorsal.  Gulf  of 
Mexico.  (Cope.)  Not  seen  by  us.  Perhaps  the  young  of  M.  hispjdu*,  but 
moreeloiigato  than  any  specimens  seen  by  us.    {6niXoi,  spot;  vSiroi,  back.) 

lf<m<iea)i(Au(  $piUmotui,  COPB,  Trana.  Amcr.   Pliil.  Sor.  Phila.,    XIV,  1870,  476,  Galf  of 
Mexico  (CoU.  Capt.  Bakor) ;  Jordan  &  Gilbert,  Synopsis,  857,  1883. 

2I»8.  ■ONAOANTHIK  OPPOSITIS,  Pooy. 

Depth  about  i  of  total  length.  D.  I,  27 ;  A.  27 ;  P.  12.  Preanal  flap  not 
extending  beyond  pelvic  spine;  prolile  of  hi-ad  not  concave;  dorsal  spine 
over  posterior  part  of  eye;  spino  sinoothish  in  front,  with  2  rows  of  barbs 
behind.  Ventral  spine  not  "etaloc;''  anal  inserted  a  little  before  second 
dorsal ;  dorsal  and  ansd  highest  mesially.  ,Scales  on  tail  with  brush-like 
spines.  Color  yellowish  brown,  with  dark  points  forming  irregular,  iiitor- 
ru])ted  longitudiniil  streaks  on  side.<<.  Length  about  6  inches.  Cuba. 
(Poey.)  Not  seen  l>y  us.  App.arently  similar  to  Monacanthtia  liispidiis,  but 
the  flns  shorter,  (^opposilus,  opposite,  from  the  ])08ition  of  the  dorsal  and 
anal.) 
ilonaeanthiii  oppotilu*,  PuBT,  Momorias,  ii,  331,  18C1,  Havana. 


674-  PSEUDOMONACANTHUS.  Hleekor. 

antkut,  BLKCJiEX.  Noalrl.  T;d«kr. Iticrk.,  ill,  IMS,  II  ^maentrutj. 

This  geuns  differs  from  yfonacantkm  chiefly  in  haTin^  tbi;  vvdItbI  8{»iue 
iminoTably  attached  to  tho  pelvic  lione.  Tbt>  dnnuil  8]itue  has  iiauallx 
about  4  rows  of  aniall  barbs,  the  autrriur  odg»  aa  well  ha  the  iHMterior 
being  armed.    Species  chiefly  East  Indian.     (^fvST'fi,f»\ae;  Mvnacamlku*.) 


I  eis4.  PKErDoaoxii'iTracs  juiprtoxts  (Cop»>. 

Head  2} ;  depth  2.  D.  I,  35 ;  A.  30.  Eye  moderate,  '.i  in  snout  ( in  young 
indjyidoal  2i  incbe«  long).  Sealea  each  with  »  single  spine;  no  larger 
■pines  or  brush  on  caudal  pedoncte.  Dorsal  spine  strong,  tu«ert«d  itver 
front  of  eye,  1^  in  hcut,  its  anterior  faco  with  2  rows  of  small  spLnnles 
directed  downward,  and  a  ftiugle  median  series  directed  upward ;  uear  the 
base  of  each  spine  of  lateral  tteriea  is  a  short  branch  spine  directed  upward ; 
a  very  weak  series  of  spines  down  each  side  of  tbe  posterior  fai-e.  Gill 
opening  slightly  obliiiue,  below  posterior  part  of  eye.  I'elTii-.  plate  short, 
without  movable  portion,  with  2  spines  dirrcted  forward,  2  backward,  and 
3  on  each  side  upward;  voiitml  Map  inconspicuous.  Color  uniform  dull 
olive,  the  bdly  more  silver}-;  caudal  peduncle  mottled  with  durker;  fins 
plain.  Known  from  2  younc  specimens  ooUeoted  at  St.  Martins  Itiland, 
West  Indies,  by  Dr.  Van  Rij^ersuia.  The  above  account  taken  from  one 
of  the  typea  kindly  sent  us  bv  Dr.  Edward  J.  Nolan.  The  species  is  a  true 
i*Mi«ioiiM>iuii)aiii^ui.     (a/i^<,  all  uronuil;  o4t''$>  sharp.) 

Htnaeanthiu  mmphuuvt.Copm.  Trans.  Am.  PhU.  Soc.  Phila.  1871,  «77,  St.  Martins. 
675.  ALUTERA,  Cuvier. 

(PiLX  FI8HBS.) 

•.  CmKU,  RAgoo  Anim.,  EU.  i.  133.  IH17  iiHonoetrot). 
[AtuUra.  AOAKDIX,  Spin.  Ptac.  Bmnil.,  i:r.  IX'SS  (oi«nowro«|. 

iMlAuj.  Gill,  Vn>c.  Ao.  \at.  Phila.  iinei.  ST  «iurantH>«u4). 
s,  Alutariut,  etc.,  cormTtvKl  •i»'llint;. 
S,  JoBOAM  ii  EvERMAX.x,  CbeckLiat  Fialivn,  424. 18M  (4crii>l4l}. 

Body  oblong  or  rather  elongate,  strongly  comprewed,  oovvred  with 
minute,  rongh  scales.  Mouth  and  toi^th  essentially  as  iu  iIonac<i»th>i»,  but 
the  lower  Jaw  more  projecting,  so  that  the  lower  teoth  are  directed 
obliquely  upward  and  backward.  Gill  opening  on  oblique  slit,  longer 
than  eye,  situated  lielow  and  in  advance  of  eye,  its  pottterior  end  l>ehind 
baae  of  pectorals.  Pelvic  bone  long,  falcate,  movable  under  the  skin, 
without  spine  at  its  extremity.  Dorsal  spine  small,  inserted  over  the  eye, 
rough,  but  without  barbs;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  long,  each  of  36  to  50  rays; 
caudal  Kn  convex;  {>ectoral8  siuitli.  Species  numerous,  (a  privative, 
XvrTjp,  a  deliverer;  or  (according  to  Dom^iil)  dXovrof,  unwashed, 
,  aordid. ; 

SeHATAIUNTBC*  {ttpat,  bom ;  uciuva,  iplDii) : 
a.  Daraal  niy*  I,  38. 

b.  Anal  rsy*  18  >  colurstioa  noarly  unlfurm.  aOKBvn,  3116. 


1718         Bulletin  ^7,  United  SlaUs  National  Museum. 


U.  Anal  rays  38  i  body  oorerod  with  amall,  romd  dark-brown  spots. 

rvwjttsx,  tan. 
aa.  Uaraal  rays  about  I,  M;  anal  rsjri  aboat  SO. 
Oaretkia:' 
c.  Caudal  An  rloniptto,  with  rounded  angles.    Colotatioo  not  aniform,  the  b«ad  and  body 
wilk  iiTBi^iiiar  blue  spots  and  lines,  besidea  small  round  blaok  spots;  u]ip«r  pro- 
file of  auuQl  concave.  tCBtetL.  2137. 

ALimWA: 
««.  Caudal  fin  abort,  sabtninoste,  nrith  itaale  angbM.    Colontlon  uniforiD  ■,  apper  pro- 
ftle  or  snoot  couTex .  mokockbos,  8US. 


Subgenus  CERATACANTHUS,  GUI. 

XIU.  ALl'TERA   NCIitEri'll  (Walbaam). 

(FiLB  FnR:  Obahob  File  Fibhi  I.uai  Fool  Fml) 

Head  3|  in  length:  depth  2  in  adult  to  2)  in  young.    D.  I,  36;  A.  38. 

Body  growin)^  dee]i«r  with  age,  tho  outlines  luure  ooiivox  in  the  adult. 
Eye  Bniiill,  altoiit  4  iu  auotit.  Gill  olit  ueniiy  twice  na  long  aa  eye,  its 
upper  pu.sterior  oA^o  nearly  under  iiiiildle  of  eye.  Aut«.Tior  profile  very 
uliglitly  fuuvt'.x,  growing  Nteeper  with  age;  a  slight  depression  nt  bade 
of  upper  jaw.  l*i<ctoral  iius  scarcely  \  longer  than  eyej  dorsal  apin*- 
slender  and  weak,  longer  iu  the  young,  2  to  'A  times  length  of  eye;  doraal 
and  anal  liu^  low;  caudal  very  lon^^iu  young,  Viecommg  shorter  in  adult, 
ita  auglea  rounded.  Scaler  uitnuti-,  shagreen- like,  uniform  over  body. 
Coloration  ni-arly  uniform  dirty  uliv©  gray,  varying  to  orange  yellow,  often, 
enpecially  wUoii  youiij{,  mottled  above  with  darkiir  bltiish  or  dull  orauge; 
caudal  Bomutiuies  dusky,  edged  with  white,  usually  dull  yellowish  in  the 
adult.  L<'ngth  21  inches.  Cape  Cod  to  Florida  aud  Texas;  rather  fre- 
<lut>nton  sftudy  flbori*.'*,  uspecially  iu  the  Carolitiaa.  A  large,  lank  flsh,  of 
unattractive  fnrtii  and  useless  aa  food.  (N'aiued  for  Dr.  .lohann  David 
Schopf,  an  cx<'ell<"nt  botauiat  and  an  acute  obi»6rver,  sent  aa  a  surgeon  with 
the  Hesaian  troops  on  LoDg  Island  in  the  war  of  the  American  Revolution.; 

BaUHu  leluxpfii,  Wauiaum,  Artwli  ri»'iiini.4fi|,  Vlvi,  Long  Island;  nllcr  Scikepf,  BeT~ 

lin  r>«it.  Nstorf.,  Vtu.  ISA,  1788. 
HalUU»  <iMrantt«cti*,  MrrcBlu.,  Trans.  Lit.  anil  I'liil.  Sih'.  N.  Y.,  t,  I81S,  4(18.  New  York; 

adult. 
AtxUera  euJii>ieaurla,  Da  kat,  New  York  Fauna:  Fiabos,  338,  1342,  New  York ;  yoiuij;. 
AlutrruM  hnlbrnoki,  HolXAKD,  Ann.  SoLNat.,  IV,  7,1855,  North  America. 
Alutfrtu  cvUtifroiu,  Uollaro,  Ann.  Sol.  Nat.,  Ser.  I.  IV,  8.  pi.  l,flg.2. 165S,  "New  York 

and  Bahia." 
CfrataeanOi^u  auraaNoeut,  Gux,  Cat.  Fisbes  East  Coast  X.  A.,  57,18IU. 


tlM.  ILPTERA  PUNCTATA,  Agassis. 

<L<'iS«  MiNdO.j 

Head  to  iippi-r  einl  nl'  gill  opening  '.<,},  in  length;  depth  2jt.  D.  1,36;  A. 
3.5;  orbit  lA  in  L<.'Md  to  tipper  end  of  gill  o]>eiiing;  IfliiKth  of  gill  opening 
3;  caudal^]  luboily;  base  of  doranl  3.     Pro  tile  concave;  lower  jaw  mach 

*  Kanu^  for  Per  Os1>ock.  a  student  of  IiUinn>aa  and  an  excellent  lublbyoloeiBt,  who  ool- 
leotml  iu  Cblun,  his  lUir  Cbinensis  first  iiablbibed  In  17iJ7. 


** 

*  little  ne^      *^r;  c 


^'''•enia. 


\^:  "T*  It  in  ^ 


Middle  of  ^rr^  •**  •faa*rTi^^  *>**  U»e  nr^^"  "'^  "'bit  rr„  ' 


1720         Bulletin  Iff,  United  Staies  National  Museum. 


Subgfenus  ALUTERA. 

8188.  AI.VTKIU  XUX(K'KBOIS<(>abuck). 
(LUA  DASRUbA.) 

Depth  2J  to  21.  D.  1,48;  A.  50;  vertebra'-?  + 13.  Bmly  oblong;  snout 
prodact'd,  with  iippiir  profile  i-unvex.  Dorsul  Bpiue  sleniler,  short,  not 
\  longer  thnii  eye,  abuvo  midilli^  of  orltit.  Lower  part  of  gill  opening 
ill  mlvauce  of  eye;  pei-tonii  Ihi  Inflow  poiitorior  piirtof  orbit.  C'audul  fin 
Hulitruuratc  or  double  concuv<-,  vitb  acute  aii);lca;  much  bhorter  than 
head,  and  shorter  than  its  own  ]i(Mlun(dc;  dorwil  mul  anal  fins  low;  ven- 
tral wpine  none.  Skin  finely  velvety.  Color  uniform  brownish  olive,  or 
grayish,  liuely  njnttled  with  diirki-r,  the  region  below  dorsal  with  faint 
dusky  sjiots  uudd  piiler  ivtiiulatiuiis.  West  Indies ; '  also  reourded  from 
thu  East  Indies  and  .Isipiin,  where  it  is  said  to  he  rare  and  to  be  used  iW 
food.     (.//fOHo<rre>»,  the  unicorn;  /joi'o;,  one;  xepai,  horn.) 

OaprUcut  invriwn  dentibvM  minuli;  Kuus,  I«lith.  Hiuna,  HI, 26, 1744,  pi.  3, flg.  >,  v«ry  bad. 

no  locsilily. 
Ualuittt  tnorti>ci<roa,  OtfHKCK,  Iter  Cbinensis,  110,  ITST.Aala;  Luk.kcb,  Syst  NM.,  I,  Ed.X, 

327, 17W ;  aftiT  OsnBCK. 
JtatulM  ohlongiinmlut,  etc.,  Obonow,  Zonpliyl.,  No.  IM,  1785,  Indian  seas. 
Liia  barliuda,  Parra.  Uif.  I'iczaa  Hist.  Nat..  48.  i>I.  22.  d^.  2.  Havana. 
BalUUM  Ueinii.  aMKl,l.N'.  Kjriit.  N»t.,  1788.  Indian  seas;  after  GuoNOir  and  KL£llf. 
BalitUt  barhatw),  WauiaOm,  ArUxll  PiHuitim,  iu,404. 1792;  afler  Klein. 
Iloluletmonoatrol,  var.  unicohr,  Rnocn  &  ScHNCrDKR,  .Syst.  Inlitli..  463,  1801 ;  aTter  OtnciaT 
UalitMurratUomU,  Fk£mi.vvillk,  Nouv.  Bull.  Sc  Soc,  Dillom.,  No.fTT.  24B.  pi.  4,  lig.l.  1813. 
Aluieret  hirardi,  Lbhso.n,  Vuyage  C'uquiUe,  Zuul.,  108,  ]il.  7, 1828,  New  Guinea. 
AlvUra  dntrta,  TciuilKCK  di  ScoLBOia,  Fauna  Jni.>on.,  Poias.,  2*2,  pi.  131,  dg.  1,  IM7, 

Japan. 
Alularivt  amphacnntUut,  HiJSKKEn.  (.  e..  23, pi.  2,  ftz.  n.  East  Indies. 
Alutariui  obliuratxu.  Cantos,  Malayan  FialicH,  3,'>3. 1850,  Pinane. 
Halutt*  {(iiytKirula. Qrx.vow.  Cat.,£d.  Orsy,  3S,  1854,  lodiao  seas;  after  BalitUt  Mmgi- 

itjteuluitt  «tc.,  of  CiRONow. 
Alutfnn  anffinonu,  Hollaud,  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.,  iv,  18AS,  11,  East  Indies. 
Jialitltt  unieomuf,  Hasilbwskv,  Nmiv.  .Mini.  Soc.  Nat.  Muacow,  3t,  283. 18SS.  China. 
Slulariut  inacrncaiitltut.  Blkkxek,  Vorh.  Unt.  Gen.,  Bitliat.,  XXCT,  22,  ]■!.  3,  fig.  0,  1843,  East 

Indies. 
Alulrra gvnthtriana,  Poir,  Proc.  An.  Nat.  Sol.  Tbilji.  1863, 184,  Havana. 
Monatanthu*  monoorrM,  OCmtueb,  Cat.,  nu,  251, 1870. 


Suborder  OSTRACODER.MI.f 
(The  Truttk  Fishes.) 

This  gronp  includes  those  Plec-toguaths  which  are  wi  thont  spinous  doraol 
and  whJL-h  bnvothr  liody  Inclosed  iu  a  3-aiigk'd,  4-iiu<'lud,  or  5-angluil  box 
or    curapnco,   formed    by  polygonal,    bony  sc^utes,  firmly  joined  at  their 

*  TTjB  Aroerionn  speriis  nt-cms  to  lie  Identical  witb  thn  Eut  InAian  AUi4tra  nKmnesro*. 
Should  diirrrenccia  tippi-ar  i>n  comparison  uf  spvrlcnens,  the  former  shonld  apparently 
stand  no  Aluttra  ijiinllfriana.  Pi>cy. 

t  For  nn  expcllcnt  n-vicw  of  the  Hpii-hw  of  tlii.t  ctoup,  Hfe  (loo(l(<,  Priw.  U.S.  JJal.  Mna. 
187U,281.  S«u  alau  Uullard,  "Monugraplilc  du  lu  ntmille  di-s  OilfaeiunidM,"  Annalce  Soi. 
NaL  1857. 


I 


edges,  ami  with  iliHtiiict  U-etli  in  tbe  jaws.  There  is  bnt  1  fanally,  the 
Oglraciidir,  a  siuf^ular  utt'nbout  tr<>in  tlit>  Scltru^ervni,  (a  (Srpaxov,  a,  hard 
■hell,  like  tliat  of  an  oyster;  Sr/pua,  skin.) 

Family  CLXXI.  08TRACIIDAE. 

(The  Tuunk  Kishks.) 

Hotly  short,  cuboiil,  trii|iietroiiH  in  jientiiBona!,  eovere<I  by  a  carapacn 
faruied  of  liriuly  uuiloil  poly^juiiiil  bony  iintiliiH,  the  jaws,  buses  of  tho 
Jiim,  itud  t^aiiilal  |«'duii«'lt>  I'ti'e  unit  covered  by  smooth  ukiii.  Month  small; 
each  jaw  with  i\  single  seriea  of  loiij;,  narrow  itM-th.  Mamillaries  und  pre- 
iuaxill:(rie.s  firmly  united.  (Jill  o]ieiiiu>;  a  nearly  verticil  slit,  l)elow  »ud 
behind  the  eye.  Dor^nl  tin  8in{;lo,  short,  without  spine;  nnni  short,  aim- 
ilar  to  ilor!ial;  ciiiidal  roiindt^d;  no  ventral  fins;  vertebra-  II,  the  anterior 
y  idoti>;tit«,  thii  lust  fi  extretiiely  Hbort ;  no  ribs.  Genera  3;  Hp«Tiea  about 
'^),  all  of  the  tropical  ne-.is,  living  iii-ar  the  bottom  in  tdinllriw  waters. 
The  species  ol'  this  Kfuup  are  so  etngiilar  in  appearance  and  so  easily 
preserved  that  Miey  hiivc  been  coiiitnoii  in  lolicitioiiH  eviT  since  the  col- 
lei'tiiig  ol'  tropical  curiosities  bojjan.  The  4  American  spec iea  wore  well 
known  to  Artetli  and  Linnirns.  "Tlio  loromottoii  of  the  trunk  fishes  is 
very  pceuliiir.  The  propeilinj;  foreo  in  exerted  by  the  dorsal  and  anal 
fins,  wliirli  have  n  hitlf  rotary,  siirlling  motion,  resembling  that  of  a  screw 
propeller;  the  caudal  (In  aits  as  n  rudder,  .><ave  when  it  is  needed  for 
uutiMually  rapid  flwinunin^,  when  it  is  used  as  in  other  lisLes;  the  chief 
fiiDctioD  oC  the  broad  jiect/orals  aeetits  to  bo  that  of  forming  a  ctirreiit  of 
water  tbrnugh  the  gillH,  tbu!«  aiding  re!i|iir,itirin,  which  wuuld  othcrwiMe 
hv  dillu-ult  on  aceutint  of  the  iiamnvncus  and  iuliexibilitj  of  the  hraucbinl 
apertnres.  When  taken  from  tho  water,  one  of  these  lisbeN  will  live  for 
2  or  cl  hours,  all  the  liiuo  solemnly  I'anuiu^  its  si"*?  ■''■"'i  vvhen  restortnl  tu 

'  it«  native  element  «eeni»  none  the  worse  for  its  cxjteriinre,  except  that,  on 

ocronnt  of  the  air  absorbed,  it  can  not  .'tt  once  sink  to  the  bottom"  (Goode.) 

^^    {Sclcrodermi,  group  Ontraciontina,  Gliuther,  Cut.,  'niii,  255-268,  1K70.} 

^B       a.  Carapace  roruiiog  n  contlnaoni  bridge  behind  the  anal  fin  -,  ventral  surCice  not  oari- 
^^H  natc;  caudal  rayn  U>. 

^^H  b.  OirapAco  Lrii|ii«triiii(i,  or  3-an);)o<l,  a  meilian  doniaJ  riii^i*  *iiii(l  u  rl(l(;i'  cm  oju'li 

^^^L^^^  sidv  uf  bcUy  prominftnt ;  rirlgt^  on  «aich  fliilp  of  back  obBulL'ti!  or  Yvaut'iof^. 

^^^^^L  LACTOPUKva,  076. 

^^g    OMiraeion.  \ 


676.  UACTOPHRYS,  Swainson. 

(TllRKK-AXtiLKU  ThI'NK-FIRHES.) 


OMtraeion.  p«rt,  Lititurxe,  Synt.  Nat.,  EU.  x,  33a,  nn  (many  upecieH^  drat  reatrlt-tml  by 

Swainwu  to  tun^lval  (onua,  eubieiit  taken  aa  type). 
Laelephryi,  Swainkon.  Xut.  IliHt  ClaSB'o  FiahM,  II,  194, 324. 1839  ((n'pimiK,  etc, ;  rMtri(rU<d 

to  upprleit  trigonal,  with  A)iiuni). 
Khinrniinui.  SwaINoON,  Xut.  IIikI.  Cluitit'n  Vialira,  n.  104,  324,  1830  (rn'i/u«r<rr). 
Oitracimt.  Kacp.  Arrhlv  Naturi;.  lS."i.l,  214  (triqueltr:  reatrlut«(l  to  tri(;onul  fonue,  the 

4-Bn^ltMl  forma  Iwiiig  naint^d  ('ibolion), 
JLeanthottracion.  riLEEKRR,  Atla.s  Idithyol.,  V,  27,  1M2  (quadricomU). 
Ltetopkrt/i,  BlJiKKCli,  Atliix  Ii-lilhyol,.  v.  27,  1882^  norrectwl  apc'lliug. 
Ckapinut,  JoauAN  Jk  £vBiuL&.N2f,  Chcckl'Ut  FUbca  N. aatl  M.  A.,  424,  ISOe  (MeautJoitf). 
3030 31 


1722  BuUctin  ^j,  United  Stales  National  Museum. 


Triink-liBhcs  yritli  the  cnrnpftce  S-angleil.  t.ho  ventral  snr(":ico  tl.it  or  con- 
cave, iittver  cariualc;  oarajmcu  I'loned  bchiuil  the  iiual  fiii;  i-arapaoe  wiUi 
ur  wttbuiit  I'ruiitMl  and  uliiluiiitiiiil  8{iiti«8;  ilorsal  tays  9  or  10;  caudal  T»y» 
!»lwiiyB  10.  ThiB  g«Tiii8  coiiliiiim  .">  H|»'ri<'B,  I  til' them  .\niencnii,  and  ililt'ers 
frntii  the  Old  Wtirhl  geiiim  Otiroiion  only  in  the  form  of  the  carapace.  'l'b« 
inediBii  dursiil  rid^jfe  of  tlio  ciir.iiiaci"  in  iiitifh  more  devi.<lo7)ed  than  the 
(ithi^re,  80  that  the  liody  is  3-Hidi-d  and  rl-an;;]ed,  instead  of  4-iiided  and 
'l-iinjik'd,  »8  in  Oatrncion.  Altlioiit^h  thiH  iliaracter  ia  a  striking  one  it  ia 
not  ono  of  hi^li  Btnictnnil  iiuportaiici^.  Iloliiird  and  Blocker  have  di»- 
cnrdml  it  an  lioin;;  of  no  ro.il  Bygt(>iniitir  vnliii>.  All  writer.^  agrco  that  the 
«jii'i-i«M  of  tlio  ^roiip  an<  most  clu.si'ly  reltttcil,  and  that  the  relati(»nB  of 
the  »iiecics  are  i-loscr  than  tlmy  siiipcar.  Wo  think,  with  Dr.  (iooile,  that 
tbo  Bliajie  of  the  ojinijiaiMi  atl'onls  "  the  most  ri'lialdo  jinido  in  the  arrange- 
ment id'thi-  8[>ocieH  of  the  jrcntis,"  and  w«  think  it  not  iuipropi-r  t«>  accord 
generic  iliHtinction  to  the  3-angIed  Hfvecioa,  oh  dixtinct  from  the  more  spe- 
ciali/ed  t-arijjled  forms.  (Shortened  from  liirloria,  a  milk-cow,  o^/apf, 
eyohrow,  fruin  t)u^  urojci'tiiig  horns  of  l.mlo^hryt  iricomU.) 

KiniiESOIIl'S  (p-itTJ,  tilo;  ffiilia,  IkhIj); 

a.  Oaru| <>  willioiit.  gplnc*  nuywli'Ttv  TKiqrcTER, }i:i|t. 

aa.  Carnpnrr  wUh  ilintiiirt  npinoe,  lit  Inaat  nn  llir  viiDlnil  ritlgpa  liehind. 
I.  Frontiil  niilndN  noun. 
CHAPLVI'k  (Ohapin,  Ihe  Spaniab  nnnie) : 

r.  C'amiiitco  a{ieQ  li<r'liinil  (lie  iloraal  tln^  bwly  ererywhrru  with  roood  dirk 
Hpols.  IIIOAt<DAUS,  2140. 

LAiTornBYS: 

re.  Caropooo  i-lonod  behind  tli<>  dorsal  flu ;  l>odf  mottlxl  with  paler. 

•ntiaoKt-a,  SUt, 

ACANTBOBTRAnON  (lUavfa,  spiOV :  ktrriMJtiof,  a  little  IkOIl : 

t>b.  Kroutiil  regiou  with  2  «tran|!  spinca  Ukv  horns.  TBICOUCia, 3042. 


SubgcQua  RHINESOMUS,  Swniniuni. 
2 1  nil.  I.VITOPHRVK  TBI({ttKTKK  (t.innicns). 

(TlirWK  Pl.tll ;   Rock  .SXSLLnsU:  DlllNKKN-nsU;  OnAPIS;  I'l-ATK-nilH.) 

ll©:id  I ;  depth  31 ;  eye  8  t«i  9  in  total  Icti^tth,  4  to  l|  in  helRht  of  side. 
D.  It);  A.  10;  T.  12;  scales  9.  Carapace  trigonal,  without  sjiincs;  hreulth 
oriiiiU  to  i  length  of  body  iti  iidiilt'S,  greater  in  yoiirij;.  \'i-nti'al  surface  of 
riinipace  convex  atituriorly,  (■oiimve  jioHteriorly.  Mack  elevated,  coni- 
prcsNcd,  sidi'9  .joining  "t  an  angle  of  alioiit  'M  tIejjrocB.  Carapait"  con- 
tiuuouB  behind  dciical  liii,  IntiTorl"it;il  siiari- coucavc  llppcr  sHrface  of 
snout  concave.  Tcdh  loiiK.  «])ike-like,  8  to  lo  in  ciuh  jaw.  Scaler  of  tb« 
sides  h(ixat;oiial,  in  yiniiij;  vpith  gtrirc  radijitinij;  from  center  to  aiif^lee  of 
each  Hcalc.  in  adult  armed  HJmply  with  tubercles,  it  to  10  in  Ian;ritiidiual 
series  from  f^ill  opening  to  tail,  S  iit  median  line  of  veutral  surface,  8 
between  ventral  keel  and  aiif^lc  of  luick;  posterior  dorsal  acute  ttnaniied. 
Ilrancliiiil  aperture  oblitiuo,  its  li'n^th  ijreiiter  tliiin  diameter  of  eye, 
desi'i-nding  before  b;iae  ol  pectoral,  Fius  (ditiisdy  roiiiidetl;  caudal  of 
moderate  length  and  lounded.  Dark  brown,  thiekl.v  stndded  witJi  ctr- 
eultir  ttputa  of  yellowish  white,   eucb  about  f,   of  an  inch  in   diaine- 


I 


Jordan  and  Evermann, — Fishes  of  North  America. 

i«r;  tlio  ponitiiiu  iif  theH<' npots  appenra  to  have  iiu  n-lution  to  tlu*  8bii[M) 
of  till'  plnira  of  tbr  i-urapiicer  ventnil  siirfin'e  lij;litrr  and  Kp<itl<-t»;  epi- 
dermis oltPii  jibnieleil,  luaviug  the  shp)l  iiiiirnriii  tmvuy  wbito;  lips, 
l)aa)-s  of  the  lius,  iiiul  tiiil  ntcaj  Hrown  liku  i\w  j;ri>iiM<l  folor  of  tho  b<nly. 
Ill  dried  tipeiinieim  the  cpkli-rmia  tlrii's  .■mil  loses  its  cubir,  mid  tbv  alirll 
allows  tbioiiKii  vvilb  !i  linbtpr  abiidfl.  Oiiiitbcr  stJitcH  that  tlu»  tips,  rcM its 
of  tlio  litiM,  root  of  tlie  tnil,  jiiid  tip  of  tlio  iiindal  »i«'  blink,  (lioodc.) 
Lcn^tb  10?  inoliea.  Yoiint,'  in  lifr,  light  nlive,  poviTed  every wb fro  abov« 
and  below  witli  rmitid  darker  Hpot.'<  of  (;rociiisb  Idiie  .-ibout  as  lartjr  an 
pupil;  lins  plain;  r.iitdal  pt-diuirlc  w  ilh  ft  fpw  «potH,  Wi'st  Iiidi«'H.  north 
to  tbii  Hrriiiiidjia,  K«-y  Wmt,  and  I'rnsinohi ;  very  i-onitnon  in  tbf  'InipicB; 
aalu^fgiah  fmb  living  mi  tbu  buttouu  alionC  rcefa,  fruding  on  uiiuiiti'  aui- 
luals.     {iriiiueltr,  tLr<'i--angl»'d.} 

Ottradon  polyudOH  infrtnit  liuiufttr,  LlHyiXVH,  Mimciiiii   Ailul|>lil-I''Tedcrici,  I.  CO,  1754, 

India. 
Otiraeion  triqutttr,  LlSi><«U(i,  Sym.  Nat.,  Eil.  x,  330, 1758,  India  ;  iifter  Mus.  Ad.  Fr. ;  CttN- 

TIIKH,  Cat.,  VIII,  'iTiS,  lri70,  tiuuDC  Proc.  I".  S.  Nnt.  Muh.  187B,  271 ;  .loitnAK  A    UlLBBKT, 

Synopsis,  WIS,  1883. 
(Utrarion-  eoneatenatut^  Bloch,  lalilhf  ol.,  pi.  131.  178S.  Martinique ;  uii  a  ]iaiiitiuj{  by 

Plumier. 

Subgenus  CKAPINUS,  Jontnn  &  Eronuann, 

2140.  LAI'TUI'IIKYN  HICAt  DAMN  (Linuiium. 
(("HAPIK.   Sl'OTTEU  TlttI»Kn.*ll.> 

D.  10;  A.  10;  P.  12.  Ostraciotis  witb  trigonnl  carnpai^e  and  witb  tlat 
prominent  spine  on  oacb  vrntral  ridge.  Ilreadtb  of  body  loss  tban  ^  its 
len)»tb  w  itboiit  caudal.  Spa<o  bptwefiii  eyes  couoave.  From  tbe  median 
dorHal  lino  tlio  »iili«N  of  the  back  dcHcoiid  rapily,  curving  outw.-ird  uligbtly. 
i'aiidal  fin  riHindcd.  Color  yellowish,  with  numerous  annill,  ronud,  brown 
Hpfttii  on  carapace,  tail,  uiid  candal  fiu.  l.iMigtli  Hi  innbcs.  U'eHt  Indion, 
gen«ir!»lly  uoninioii,  from  Cuba  tu  .Xsnunsiuu  Uliiiul;  not  yet  n.'corded  from 
Florida.  (fticaM(/a?M,  two-tailed ;  that  18,  with  2  spinos  below  thi-  tail — 
"spinis  subcaiulalibus  2.") 

(Jttraeion  triangvlntiu  litlirrmlU  htxagonit  railiatit,  eU.,  .\btkui,  Goncru,  57,  1738,  India. 

OttraMon  bicamlalh,  LiNN.icug.  .Sjat.  Nat.,  Ed.  X,  :13V,  17S«.  India  ;  after  Ahtkui  :  nPNTUKR, 

Cat.,  VIII,  2S7,187U;  PoKV,  Uopertorio.  II,  442 ;  OooDK.I'roe.U.S.NacHnB.  1870,274. 


SubcenuB  1.ACTOPKRYS. 
n*l.  t.irTOI'IIitVS  TRUH)\rS  (Llnnnns). 

(Common  TuuNKi'iBHi  Chai'iv;  Siirllktsh.) 

Head  4;  height  of  sides  2.  D.10;A.H>.  Ilody  rather  sharply  3-angled; 
MO  spine  before  i-j-o.  Faoh  \eiitral  ridge  with  a  largo  Hat  spine;  dorsal 
riilge  bigb  and  sharply  foinpresaod,  deatendiug  ratber  rapidly  forward,  and 
ending  oppo«ite  posterior  margin  of  oibit;  c»rapaco  open  behind  tbe  dorsal 


■  .\«  Bloi  ti  uny.H  ilittiin  lly  llmt  liln  iiccniinl  of  Ottrneiim  fonentrnntui  is  luued  <>n  »  flguro 
liy  llnniii'r,  tlin  uiimi<  .hIiouM  u|k|iiircutly  not  b«  uiwtl  fur  au  Eiuit  liiUiuu  8|ieciea,  but  ia 
pruUably  n  synonym  of  tri-inttcr. 


lin.  (Ilive  j;r»y ;  a  very  faint  lilue  Kjidt  in  »he  i-piitfr  of  carh  ,>C  most  of  the 
sf.aleH;  ii<mtril  in  »  yt'llow  8i>ot;  bonndurtes  of  np]>er  hoiiU-8  blackish,  of 
lower  IiIiitmIi  ;  oiitlinm  of  viirioiiit  8ciit««)  lieliiud  i{U\  opening  black,  foriu- 
iiiK  a  dusky  areiv.espiM'iiUly  distinct  in  the  yonng;  n  niinilar  amuller  dnnky 
nrea  oil  fliiie  on  level  of  eye;  iris  yellnw.  fi:ia  all  pak- olive;  vent  yellow: 
belly  li^'lit  olive,  outlines  nl' tlitt  Bi-iite.i  bluish  ;  biwe  of  piH'toralR  yclloM-i«li. 
Lwif»tli  uliout  ii  foot.  Wt'Ht  Indies;  very  onniuion  as  far  north  ;i8  Memiuda 
and  Key  \Ve«t,  ocrasioiuiUy  iiortliwiird  in  the  (jiilf  .Stroani  (llolmpo  Hole, 
Ma«.-i.,  J^torer;  Woods  Hulo;  Che8ii]ieaku  Hay,  I^uggor).  All  I  of  our  spo- 
fieH  oernr  in  the  horbor  of  Parii,  in  Hra7.ii.  This  spKciee  and  othen  nr»- 
said  to  utter  grnutioK  sounds.     (  rptii,  three;  yot-ni,  angle.) 

Ontnteiou  Iriatigvlalut  lniil>lj  Hgnrararum  hexagonarujii  minfriUbiu,  »ito.,  ABTEOI.  Gmi- 

em,  MI,  IT3X,  Jamaica:  seen  t>y  ArteiU  in  the  rollt'Otion  of  .Sir  Ham  8l0Ml«  anil  lu 

till'  Najig'r,  Ilrwl  Inn.  I.onilon. 
0«(rit<»'uiit  (rt>>ni'«,  LiKN.Krs,  Syat.Kat.,  EiL  1,330,  ]7S8,  India;  after  Abtkdi;  GOKTllkii, 

Cut.,  vni. 'iW.  1S70 !  GooDK,  Proc.  U.  .S.  Nat.  Mii».  1878. 27«. 
Otiracion  yn^W.  Stobbk,  Iteat.  Joiiru.  Nat  Hist.,  1,  1837,  SK),  Holme*   Hole,  on  Marthas 

Vineyard. 
lAiftifi'hriif  iirieepr,  Kavi-,  Arcliiv  Naturg.  1863,218:  apeoiiiienA  witb  10  dnnai  njra,  Lin- 

nifiin  having  givnn  h_v  error  "  D.  14  "  In  tht>  ori^nal  di-»rri|illun  of  O,  (rigonu*. 
Otiraeiou  uuilnlatut,  1'OET,  Synopsis,  441, 1888.  Havana. 
Ottraeioi,  r-xpatuum,  CopB,  Xrana.  Am.  Phil.  Soo.  Iti70.  474,  Sga.O-lO,  St.  Martina,  Weat 

Indie*. 
Lactirptiryi  trigonut,  PoiT,  Uemoria*,  n,  362, 1841. 
Ottrtieium  Ingimum,  Jordan  Sl  GiLBKBT,  Bynopaia,  853, 1883. 


Subgenus  ACANTHOSTRACION,  Uleeksr. 
tl«S.    LAI'TOPIIRYS  TRir-(>K?riS  (Unnaena). 

(Cu<K01.t>;   T<mO;   (."dW  CI'iH.) 

IleMl  4};  depth  2i.  D.  10;  A.  10.  Cara])iico  trigonal;  adnlts  with  a 
broad  low  rirtK®  on  oaeh  side  of  the  bark,  tbo  dorsal  ridge  more  elevated 
than  iu  tho  yoiiuR,  wliii-h  are  soioexvliat  tt^truffonal.  Ventral  Burfai.f 
neaily  llat;  anK'^'*  of '^'"l.v  earinatp;  astoiitaphio  directed  forward  over 
iint'ii  pyu!  abdojuiniil  «[ub6h  Hat,  directed  liackwaid;  a  median  dorttal 
sinuo  Biiid  to  be  MinietinirM  proneitt,  never  persistent,  none  in  onr  speci- 
tiieuB;  brli1g<'8  behind  duinal  and  anal  each  ending  in  :i  lltit  spiue;  raiidnl 
]>o(hiui-Ie  with  or  withtiut  a  free  plale  '  nhove  or  bidovv;  (>ai'»]iu<'e  i.-lo«t>d 
bi'liind  dorsal  lin.  Culor  hroivn,  yellow,  blue,  or  gn^eu,  with  irregular 
blu<*  blotches,  tho  centers  of  the  scntes  often  lighter  than  the  mnrgins. 
Yoiiiig,  light  gray,  tiiigf^d  with  olivo;  bolly  white;  he:«l  and  carapace  with 
round  spots  of  rather  light  blue,  these  Hometinies  fonuing  more  or  less  intcr- 
roptnd  longitudinal  stiipcs;  iiboiit  1  of  these  slripen  on  cheek;  tail  abo\o 
with  blue,  brown-edged  spots;  dorsal  olive,  itn  base  black iKh;  <'Uudal olive, 
edged  and  luottled  with  light  Idne;  anal  similar;  pectorals  olive.  I..ength 
18  iucbes.  Tnipiful  iiarts  of  the  Atlantic;  very  coniint»n  from  Carolina  to 
Hraxil,  rungiog  nortliwurd  in  the  Oulf  Stream  to  Churloston  (Goode)  And 
CbefMpi'iike  Hay   (Lugger);   oceasioual   about  the  sbores  of  the  Oalf  of 


*  "Out  of  14  ii]wcim<>iu  oxamiDMl  6  had  ]ilat«a  above  nnd  ttckiw,  1  bad  3  above,  abd  • 
haduoue."    (Goudo. ) 


Jordan  and  Evcnnann. — Fishfs  of  North  America. 


Mexico,  at  PensMola  anil  rialvoaton ;  also  ranging  (MiMtwurd  tn  Oninoa  and 
tlin  ('iipe  t>f  Good  Hope.  It  is  rarely  l)r))iijrht  to  the  iiuirkete,  lnjt  is  said 
tu  III'  a  gonil  fiiod-iiBh  wlit-n  liaUoit  in  tli«  wlit'li.  Urr*,  tlire«i;  roriiK*,  horn; 
tbif  name  refers  to  tlie  2  frontal  lionis  and  to  the  siiprncand:il  plat<', 
figured  liy  leister  aa  an  erci't  siiiue,  tho  ligure  apparently  liaatMl  on  u  speci- 
men with  tli<<  plate  toru  loose  itt  ntio  end.) 

ISscit  Irutnijularu  mpitieomiitut  cut  e  media eauda  ettlatua  afulfud  {anj^iu <W]K(tM,  LiRTKR. 

In  WiUaghby,  IlUts  IM«i<.,  Apiieniiix,  1»,  1086,  Im-ality  not  siren. 
OMraexvn  (na>i</u<a(u4  aeulrit  (iunh»i  in  tapitf  tt  «ntw  bmgioro  rup*m»  ad  eaudoum, 

Abtkui,  G«n•'^^  511,  ITaS;  after  LlHTKli  in  Willaijlilty. 
0$tiracUiin  trianguUUut  dnobxu  oevltU  in  frnnU  tt  totitUm  in  imo  ventrr  luhcaudalrn/uf 

Mntf,  Aktbdi,  G«i»ni,  50,  lT3t< :  ipet^iaieua  leen  In  Liindou  at  th»  honto  <>r  Mr.  Llll,|n 

ood  In  the  Nagg'a  Ilvml  Inn. 
Otlraeimi  IrieaiiiU,  I.i.NNAcr.s,  Syat.  Kst.,  Ed.  X,  331,1T&8;  »fter  Artedi. 
OitTaeium  ijiuidrieontin.'  LnrNAKDS,  Syst.  Nat.,  Eil.  X.  MI,  1758;   aftiT  AhtkdJ;   GOW- 

THEB,  Cat.,  ^Tll,  257. 1870;  GoODB,  Ptoc.  U.  S.  Nat,  Mu«.  1879, 278. 
Ontraelon  lislrri,  LA.c£pfcDlc,  HUt  Nat.  Poisa.,  i,  468, 1798  j  aJt<.>r  W  tixriiHDY. 
Otlracion  Kxoomutui,  MrrciULL,  Amor.  Uonthly  Mag.,  n,  1818, 328,  Mouth  of  MUaisiippi 

River. 
(>$tTiXcwn  matuUitv*,  Rollabp,  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.  1857, 148. 
Oitraeion  gvinetniit,  UuiEKEIt,  Nod.  Tyilstkr.  Dierk,  II,  218,  Guinea. 
(Mrcteion  gronooH.  BunKSR.  Ned.  Tyd.ikr.  Uinrk,  11.  298. 
Aeanthottraeiun poly<ioniin,  Pour,  Eunmeratiu,  175, 1OT0,  Cuba. 
Ortracium  guadrieomf,  Joiidax  &,  Giloeut,  Syna|iai»,  8M,  1683. 

*  ConovrnlDK  tlit^  noniiiinl  HpMriRj*  (kf  IIi^h  tyiw.  Dr.  Goode  rvmiirUa;  "  I  bam  ni^vor  aoffn 
more  than  out*  Hpt*ci<*H  ul'  ilii:i  (vp0,  mid  tho  iiyntiiiviiiy  ut  tlx*  Ih'aiI  iiI'  tlti^  nntii't*  expntitava 
the  viHWn  (if  IhK  niniority  id  ii'dlbyolciglBUi  MS  «fll  iiH  my  tiwn.  K  m-iiiiii  only  fair,  how- 
OTer,  to  ijiioto  tliuoiiiiiini]  of  Pr  'lV]i-vl»i-r.  *  It  iipjiUJiri*  tn  iim-'  I't-ry  I'vidriil.'  wrote  ht^, 
'that  tliom  are  at  Mint  5  »[iei'ie«  of  lri!in;;iilar  (or  ralhcr  poiitacimull  lUtrafiont  witli 
flroutAl  and  presntil  apliicH  Ol  llioxn  tlilo  {O.  iiimdrimrni'j  ih  tho  iNni>  li<i)g<>Kl  kiiowu,  and 
may  boenally  dictingui^liod  liy  1tn>  tii'iirly  viTiini]  pruUle  ut'  tlj«<  Iioad  ui  WfU  a»  l>y  ttio 
atroRg  apine  wliict*  [)«rn9tn;il4-n  tli*^  p<iHt4'rn-!«n]ierior  4iiirAal  plittc.  Tho  other  ajieciea 
re»ni>hlinc'i"a<''''<""''"i»»ri'  Otfritriun  iKiliwanllint  iJltx-kiT.  Utlraeion  Iricnrnit  L.  {  Otlra- 
cion mrtmlM  (u  liidlurd),  Omraeiim  of-Duvii  BhicWfi,  and  Uftraeiini  i;Miii^<-n«i'<  lileeker. 
Imt  tidiiH  of  llitfieuxliiliilit  tliK  ri'iniirkiiblniOiariii'ler  of  tlin  posterodiiix-rlor  dorsal  anelo 
dcvelop'vl  into  a  aplno.  0.itrnrioii  nittaranlhnit  in  rliamctnri/iHl  hy  tlio  prowiDcu  of  aHpiuo 
npon  tlie  dorant  cr^nt,  b}*  il«  ublinup  pnilil*',  ami  Itv  tlin  hexauunol  or  Irrr^iilur  black  Tinf^ 
with  lai'iro  velloninli  center  irliicn  la  plainly  vinlb{e  upon  each  plate  of  tho  back  aiul  tlici 
llanksi  wbil«  Dutrafion  iinamii  la  (■ib^ily  riM;u^nix<-il  by  the  prealar  lcui;lli  of  tlie  frniilal 
•Ddjprcanai  apiiu-i.  by  tiio  abmMici'  of  tlio  nu'diau  iloriai  xpinc,  and  by  tha  very  obllqiio 
pruulo  of  the  hiiout.  ffatrtu-ivn  tricantiji  l.inu.,  wbJ4;li  appi^arB  t^u  bo  identical  witli  tbo 
specicMi  dPKi'rilHHi  liy  llollani  iiH  ihtraHon  mnruiatui,  in  marked  by  ita  nearly  vertical 
nnilileand  by  IdnKitudiniil  liro^vn  bands  iijiou  tUocbetika.  Oitracim  fliiinenniiln  loarki'd 
liT  theaubvcrtical  prulile  of  ilttracion  trieumii,  bat  baa  oheoka  witboat  liandK.  and  lim 
plat*)  of  tliecarapaieoriianii'UU'd  uithuvc-ntralocelUoflHiiU'I  color  or  blue.'  Tbr  prt-a- 
cuc«  of  plaU^a  upon  the  euiidiil  pfdunrle  in  Apparently  aovidenlul.  Tliry  nin^'  jMiHtiilily 
haveaoniD  n'latinn  tn  nvn,  iniL  L-criainlv  n^iiie  to  uj;('.  Out  of  14  H]ieriin«*n?4  exninlned  5 
luad  platog  aiMjvo  ami  linlow,  1  bad  l^niiove,  nnd  B  liad  uouo.  In  nuna<>riLiaa|ieciniHaKran 
I  diatingnisli  traCe.t  of  ttii>  uplUu  in  tliu  toiditli'  uf  the  dornul  rldi:u  nicntioiied  by  Dr.  Giiii- 
tber.  Tho  •uior  «f  youna  BptH-imeim  i.s  wtill  di'HcrilHMl  by  Giintlmr;  tiie  bamls  on  the 
obevk  are,  however,  ofo  brlubt  blnu.  Adult  NjxK-iroeiu  nru  oolorMl  in  a  rit'li  briuht  bluo 
orgrm^n,  li);btor  iu  tliorenler  nf  each  hexii^onal  plate,  t;Uinjr  tiio  ap|i(<:irunee  4if  annular 
markinj^s,  whleh  qiiictily  vnniali  afl'ir  ilealli.  In  xiniie  indiviiloula  the  color  la  worn 
from  tlierid>;e»  of  tho  I'araimce,  leaviiii;  piiti-hi'«(iriii;lit  lironii.  Ul(.H>kcr  claimed  for  bi» 
aptH^ipfl,  Ortraci<nt  nftfacanth»/t,  a  pi'Ciilinr  ^yt^lcm  of  tHiloration.  tint  it  ia  in  nnwiae  dilferent 
from  littt  of  the  oniinary  type  of  OjilrnriuH  <juatlrimrnii. '  The  larKeal  apecinieun  are  '21 
Inches  iony. ""  If  I>r.  Urnxle  is  richl  in  referring  ail  tlieso  fiimm  to  one  Ape(>ieA,  it  Mtionid 
ho  i-ailml  Laelnphnc  trirornit.  Tlie  only  iloiilit  «cenm  to  b<?  In  regard  to  Lactophryt  nvla- 
canUiim,  wliiidi  looks  to  u.i  like  adiU'erent  llah. 

'  "Maix  en  outre  le  ayslt'^mp  dc  rolomlioD  ilc  I'ospere  que  ,)o  croia  nonvello  ent  trea 
different,  eiuuiiie  bonclier  de  In  tote,  ilu  doH  ot  A*yn  Ibiiu'a  etaiit  orn6  d'^in  anneait  violet  nu 
noinltre  d'line  forme  heiaijone,  peulngoiie,  (]oiiilra3Jt;iilaire,  on  nieuio  romle.  el  ft  eontro 
lar^i^  oraiiKo  on  rtMiireatre.  On  no  voit,  rinn  tlit  [lareil  aur  le  rorpft  dii  i|inulriroriiii«,  l^iiia 
encore,  la  queue  nHt  lirun.itre  et  a  tooiiei  .iatin&trea  et  led  p»ct<intJfla  out  uu  rayon  de  plua. 
Jeooinnie  <:'ett«  i"<p>'re  iioiivelln  Oairaei^tn  noUtcanthn4."  lIuDiolro  aur  1m  PolMon^  uo  Ia 
00t«  de  Uuiiiee,  par  P.  Uleukcr,  p.  21. 


Suborder  GYM170D0NTES. 

riertognaths  without  a  spinauB  ilorsal.  with  the  ticxiy  nhort  and  witiS 
the  holly  inflatable:  the  scalre  typirnlly  B)iinifr>rm,  with  runt-like  inser- 
tions (archetypically  rbomlioirli,  and  vrith  th«  J«W8  in  an  enamel-like 
Roverinn;  envi'lopt-d  witlioiit  distinct  tM-tL.  Thin  groap  contains  dvgruded 
I'let-togTiaths  whirb  have  loftt  the  scales,  spinous  dorttul,  and  diatiiict 
t<<«th.  Id  the  extreme  farms  the  pelvis,  ribs,  and  caudal  Tertebnr  are 
alsti  l(it)t,  thn  species  depending;  on  their  dermal  armatnro,  Ieathei>  skin, 
or  inflatable  bolly  for  protoclion  from  pn<'mi«'s«.  while  little  power  of 
active  movement  remains.    Ixvuroi,  naked;  oSovi,  tooth.) 

a.  I'elrla  kod  ribi>  ubmlotc. 

h.  C»ni1»l  r<KK'"'i  nortnotly  il<>relop«<l,  wilfa  a  candkl  prdanrlc. 

e.  Upper  niid  luwvr  J«w  eacb  dirided  by  it  meiliiiii  sntiirr:  maxlllBries  aad 
dcnlariea  aach  enmd  outwanl  1i#bind  the  prniiavilUrie*;    ethmoid 
mora  or  !<«•  projecting  in  (Tont  of  rrooUla:  poetfruntaU  ejrtenaUnf  out- 
ward  at  tcaat  aa  far  as  fnratali. 
d.  Vcrtrbnr'  cuoiparatlroly  few.  IS  to  21  io  numlier;*  dortal  and  anal 
abort,  of  7  to  15  ray*. 
e.  Frontal  bftiiM  articalated  with  tbampraoeripltal  and  postftontali 
coutlnrd   Io  the  aidoa:  ethmoid  abort,  narrow,  little  pnml- 
nsiit  to  -riew  aboTO;  vertebrte  few;  head  broad:  noatrila 
TBriooa.  TrrRikODO!mi>«.  cl-Vxil 

M,  Franljtl  Ixinea  ftvparaled  from  the  aapnuxripital  by  tbe  poet- 
frontals  whirli  nirel  in  the  middle ;  ethmoid  proniiDeut  aboTv, 
enlorgi-d  and  narrowrd  forward;  anoot  pointnd;  doraal  and 
•aai  very  short ;  noalrila  obaolote. 

CAjnawASTBBWx,  cLxxm 

M.  ITpper  and  lower  Jaw  each  ondlTidcd,  the  praniaxlllary  and  dcutary  bunea 

rooalAud  Into  sntorvleM  arohea;  maxillarlra  exloiidFil  laterally  liohind; 

bo<ly  oovcri'U  with  stoat,  rooted  apinra.  Dioiki.vtidje.  clxxiv 

bh,  Candol  region  uf  buily  alKirted,  the  body  truncated  bebiod  tbe  doraal  aad  anal; 

Jawa  each  without  mudiau  autoro.  MouoJL  CIJCXV. 


Family  CLXXII.  TETRAODONTID^. 

(Thk  PcrrEiu*.) 

Body  oblong  or  ulongttte,  usnnlly  little  compressed,  aometiinea  VMnr 
broad;  bead  and  suontbru.td;  belly  capable  of  {jrcat  inflotion;  skin  t^cale- 
I0S.H,  iisnally  more  or  b-ws  prickly,  the  apiuei*  or  prii-kles  u»niilly  weak  und 
nioviiblo,  not  rooted;  in  I  genua  {Efihipinou)  the  Kkiu  is  armed  with  bony 
scutes  foniiin({  a  sort  of  canipuce,  approiiuhing  thutaeen  in  Ottranon:  eiuh 
jaw  iMiulliifnt,  forming  a  sort  of  hi'sik  which  iu  each  jaw  is  divided  by  a 
median  stiture;  niaxillarieH  cnt^'cil  (min-nrd  behind  the  preraaxillttriet<; 
lipK  full;  nostrils  various.  SpiuuuH  dorsal  and  ventral  tins  wanting,  the 
liu»  composml  of  soft  rays  only;  duiHiil  tin  j>ost«Tior,  opposite  and  Miniilar 
In  niial ;  caiidiil  I'm  distinct,  no  ventral  tins,  ttie  pflvic  honn  undevelojted; 
uoribs;  iiccloiul  linn  short  ftnd  broa4l,  the  upper  rays  longest;  caudal  Qn 
and  its  vertebrw  uomimlly  develo]ied,     Medil'routals  articolated  with  the 


■tipraoooipitAl,  the  pa«tfrontal8  conflned  to  the  sides,  etliuoid  more  or  less 
projeetiag  in  froct  of  Iroutiila;  postlrontals  iit(^ndh»f;  ntitw.ird  us  lar  jih 
frontalit;  prosetbiiioid  short  aud  narrow,  little  proiaiiiMit  to  view  above; 
vertebrm  few,  7  or  >(-|-y  to  13.  Gill  openings  snia.II,  pliined  close  in  front 
of  per.torali*;  air  bladder  preheat.  Genera  about  10,  species  iihout  t!0, 
iuLabitiiig  warm  8eu»;  (islma  ol'slu^giHli  moveuu'uta,  noted  for  their  babit 
<if  (iHinfj  tlie  Htoumcli  with  air.  When  distiirbi^i!  tlioy  thsu  lioat  "ti  the 
■iirfacc  belly  upward.  Not  used  a»  foiMl,  the  llesh  being  ill  flavored  imd 
reputed  poisonous.    {Telrodonlina,  part,  Oilutber,  Cat.,  viu,  270-316, 1870. ) 

TBTBAOIHINTIN*: 

a.  Fnintol  boncH  Rxpaaile<1  iiidtwiM  iiml  rormlni;  tlin  latoral  roofi  of  the  orbits,  the 
poatrrtiQtklH  liiiiiu<d  to  llie  poHt«riar  jiurtiuuH.    ,s^iecle»cbi<<lly  nmrjoe. 
b.  Nostril  on  i-m-M  mIiIo  wltli  '2  diatini't  upiiuiiigc  l'ront«l  rvgJoD  longer  than  brood. 
c.  liomal  «nil  hiiuI    IIiih  catii|iariitiTcly  lou^:,  falc«l«,  Mch  of  12  t<>  if>  mya; 
caudal  liioalc:  vortvlirn- ilH>ut  g  ,  ia^21:  noBtrlla  »rJuiU<,  ur  nearly  au, 
not  I'ui  iiiliig  adiiitiuct  iiaptltii :  ivuouu«  tubea  ou  uiipur  purl  of  bead  anil 
oil  aiiles  uf  body  very  cou«|iii'iiaiii.  LAUOCBrBALrs,  077. 

DC.  ItoraiLl  ttud  aual  fln<«  cumparntively  iibort,  roiisdstl,  oacb  of  6  to  B  rajra; 
cjindal  nauaily  rounded  I  viTtcbni'  ulmut  8  i  te^lti:  noMtrilH  at  tbo 
Rnmiiiit  of  a  liolluw,  !i)n]|iln  (or  lobudl  ixiplUu:  macvaa  tiibea  iiicm 
■pIcnonH.  SpiiERuiuEtt,  GTU. 

bb.  Na«tHI  on  uuli  nlile  vlth  a  bUlil  tcniaola  wilbunt  diatinct  u|>eii)Dg:  fronLal 
To^on  broaclor  tluiu  lung;  tloa  and  vertebra.'  aa  in  Hjihtroidtt.    OroiUES,  II7B. 

i  Vrontal  bonoti  narrowed  and  excluded  from  tbe  orbit,  the  postfrontala  being  elon- 
gated uiid  pruJocttMl  forward  atid  cui]iiiH.'t^  with  Lbe  prefrontala;  duraol  and 
oiial  Una  dliort,  rnundeih  unuut  very  obtiue;  vertehrie  8j-ll  =  19,-  uoslrils 
(probably)  08  iii  A'}<A«roi<ic'j.    FlarialUe  aiHiciuH.  CoiAiMUits,  680. 

677.  LAGOCEPHALUS,  Swaiuiion. 

LagacephtAu*.  Swain«on.  Nat.  Uial.  mu\  Cloas'n  Flaliea,  II,  IM,  illS.  1830  (ptn>\anti= 

lodocvphahu). 
PkyogatUr,  MUlXEB,  Abbandl.  Abid.  Wiaa.  Berlin,  352,  1830  (1811)  (luiuiru);  nuiio  pro- 

oconpled. 

pAynw,  MOUJCB,  Wiegmann'a  Arcfaiv,  IX,  1843,  330  (lunaru). 
I^t  Promteocephttltt  [Promecoeejihalnt),  ninBnji,  K«viie  do  Zoologie,  279, 18SS  (argtntatut). 
TtlTodon.  Glix.  Cat  Fiab.  EaiiL  Cuaat  M.  A.,  I».  1873  ilttvij/alut) ;  nut  uf  LlN>r.«us,  a*  prap- 

erly  rostricted. 

Body  comparatively  elongate;  skin  smooth  or  variously  prickly,  the 
pricl'.le.'i  niuHt  developed  on  the  Jilxlonjen;  abdoiiioii  caiiabli'  of  very  ^rest 
iullatioii.  Dorsal  and  aual  rather  long,  falcate,  of  Vi  to  15  rays  each; 
i;andal  Innate.  Nostril  without  distinct  papilla,  each  one  with  2  distinct 
openings;  mucous  tubes  on  upi)er  part  of  head  and  on  sides  of  body  very 
conspicuous.  Lower  side  of  tail  with  a  fold.  iSpecies  reachinf;  a  rather 
large  size,  chiefly  tropical,  one  of  them,  LagoccpKalui  laitot-rphithtH  1..,  reach- 
ing the  coasts  of  Bonthcrn  Europe.  Vortcbrii'  in  increased  number  (nbont 
8  +  13=21).  The  increased  uiiiubor  of  vertebni'  and  of  riiys  in  the  vorti- 
cal flns  mark  a  trannition  toward  the  allied  family,  Chotterhinidir,  in  which 
there  are  ahvut  l!ii  vert.ebni-,  the  doraul  niys  about  35,  tbe  aual  30.  (Aa/'o$, 
hare;  xetaA.ij,  head,  from  the  incisor  teeth.) 

a.  Body  elongate ;  bead  Ji  in  longtti :  dvptli  H.  utvjaAJOa,  Slt3. 

•a.  Body  itoati  bead  31  in  length;  depth  3).  PACHTCapBXLua,  21U. 


1728         Bulletin  47,  Uuiied  States  NaHonal  Afuseum. 


9141.  LKlOCEPRjlLrS  LSTiaiTITR  (Unnciu). 

(Smooth  ITftkb.) 

Head  3};  deptL  1}.  I).  14;  A.  13.  Eye  large,  silvery,  2  in  »ii out.  Bwlv 
elnngjito,  tail  Btendiir.  a  fold  of  skin  on  its  lower  edjje  nu  i>«.ch  side.  Tnter- 
orbitnl  space  llat,  sliorUT  th:iii  siioiit,  1^  in  eye.  H«ll.v  roviTod  with  lurge, 
Miibe<|(ial,3-root<*d  spiiios,  wtill  sepiirated,  tiosmiilliToncs  interinixeit:  l>ark 
iind  Hiden  Hmooth.  Gill  opiMiing  midway  between  snout  mid  front  of  dorsal. 
DnrHiil  :iiid  an»l  tins  lurgc  uiid  falcute,  the  lust  rays  rapidly  sborteuod; 
height  of  dorsal  1}  in  head;  caudiil  fin  liin.-ite,  the  longest  ray  1^  in  head. 
Olive  green  abovr,  side^  and  below  lustrous  silvery  white;  no  distinct 
markings.  Length  2  feet.  Capo  Cod  to  liriizil ;  couiuion  southward ;  inther 
Tw»  north  of  Cape  Hatteras.     (/ii^iyafut,  smoothed.) 

Ottradtm  eatkOoplMeo  obUmffut.  Artioi,  li<>DerB  Piac.,  eonni  '>8,  speoiM  13,  1738:  alVr 

OrbU  lagoetphalut.  Grew,  etc. 
Tttrodon  lanigatui,  hnntxvs,  Syiit.  Nat.,  Ed.  in.  411,  1760,  Charlestoo,  South  CaroUoa 

(Coll.  Dr  Garden) ;  Ol»ltTH«B,  Cat.,  vni.  274, 1S70. 
Ttlrodun  eurvuM.  MlTt'UlLL,  Trans.  Lit.  unci  PliiUi*.  Soc.,T,  1815,474,  New  York;  yonng, 
Tundan  malhematiciui,  Mitchu.l,  Traiia.  Lit.  ana  t>liilDR.  Soe„  i,  1H13. 474,  New  York. 
Bvlttonthu*  mtlanothut.  Gbonow,  Sjat,  Nat,,  E4  Gray.  24, 18S4,  Carolina  ;  baaed  on  Trira- 

odun  Itrrujatii*  uf  Linniriia. 
Tttfodan  Untolatui,  T'OEV,  Synopsis,  43S,  1888,  Cuba ;  young. 
L^lg^>eepha^u^  Urrigaitu,  Jordan  &.  Giunaet,  Synopsis,  SCO,  18^  -.  Joanui  &.  £uwAai«, 

Proo.  TJ.  S.  Nat  Uua.  188S,  232. 

SU4.  LAOOCEPHALCS  PACifTCGrHALCS  (Raaiuil). 
(Jdo-pisb.) 

Head  2*;  depth  3i;  eyeS^  D.  11;  A.  13;  P.  17.  Body  he.ivy,  tapering 
from  riiiddlo  of  liiMrl  backwanl;  snout  blnnt;  lenKtii  of  ciindiil  prdnnole 
cijiKil  to  liBiiil  in  front  of  middle  of  pupil.  Vertical  diameter  of  eye  ♦  of 
horizontal  diameter.  Interorbitjil  space  slightly  concave,  2  in  distanee 
from  i>nd  of  snout  to  middle  uf  pnpil;  di-staucti  between  eyes  equal  to 
snoot.  Gill  opening  vertical,  hniaderthiinbuao  of  pectoriiL  Xnchal  cross 
lino  of  nnieous  pores  halfway  between  snout  iiud  origin  of  dorsal,  itnd  ^ 
the  distance  ttt  biise  of  caudiil.  Dor.sal  and  anal  alik(>  and  opposite,  both 
sotrii'wliut  fftb'iitf',  the  ):).'*t  my  jiUout  4 J  in  longest,  winch  is  18  in  head; 
]ii'otoriil  Very  broad,  the  uinrgiii  olditjnc.  slightly  sinuous,  lowest  ray  | 
loitgi'st,  which  is  ae  long  its  snout.  2  in  hcml,  the  tifth  r:iy  from  bottom 
sfiortcrtt,  I'ppi-r  and  lower  rays  of  •unilul  slightly  produced,  middle  rays 
even,  upper  lobe  larger,  aa  long  as  caud:il  poduiiclc,  1 J  iu  hca«l ;  folds  on 
lower  part  of  side  of  tail  extending  forward  and  meeting  on  chin,  a  very 
slight  f<dd  on  cacli  sido  oC  tail  above.  Small,  enibi^dded,  3-ro4jt.c-d  spines 
on  the  belly  between  the  lateral  ridgen,  not  e\teuding  on  to  chin  nor  to 
vent,  skin  (ithorwiso  puifectly  smooth.  Lines  of  lutxoits  ]>orcs  as  iu  Layo- 
ifffltahtK  hififtiitiii;  -l  short  liuca  itinlit.siiig  a  qii;tdriingiilar  area  behind  the 
eye,  from  the  anti'rior  corners  of  which  e\t<'uds a  tine  surrounding  the  «,ve, 
the  posterior  iinier  corners  connected  by  the  nuchal  lino,  the  l.Tteral  line 
oxteudiug  from  the  posterior  outer  corner.    Lateral  line  extending  dir<<etly 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1729 


backward  till  iieurly  even  with  the  dorsal  fin,  then  i^iirvinf;  ilownwiird 
»Ti<i  oxtsndiiiK  "long  uiiddl)'  of  ths  tail  to  b;i-Hc  of  ranclal.  Color  in  alco- 
hol, silvpry,  olivo  iiUovo,  cknulcil  with  dwrk  olive,  a  faint  g^r«euiah-olive 
aroa  aloug  sid«'s;  lower  part  of  Hidi<  uilvt-ry;  below  wliito.  Tliis  species 
ditferA  from  Lagoft-pUalu*  liirhjaluH  in  tbo  robust  body  with  abort  caiidul 
pednnrle,  the  im-rely  eHiarginJite  caudal  lin,  and  the  Blinpe  of  the  pectoral. 
Went  ludies  to  Brazil;  not  coriinion,  Hero  describeil  from  2  spocimi'na, 
9}  iiichaHlouy,  troLu  Jiimaica(ColL  .I.S.  Kuberfc*).  (ffajii'j,  tLii'k;  ne^ali/, 
head. ) 

Tttradim  paehytephalvji,  RxKZilMl,  Nor.  Comm.  Ao.  Soi.  Inst.  Bonon..  rv,  1840,  73,  pL  11, 

tlg.'J,  Braiil. 
LayiJcrplKitut  jiachycephalui,  JoRDUK  &.  KirrTKR,  Proo.  Ac.  Nat.  Sri.  Phlla.  1807. 128. 


67B.  SPHEROIDES,  La«<;p%dn. 

(8WEt.L-FI8U£8.) 

tu iphfrn(4ft,  LACfepfiDB,  HidU  y«t.  Pols8„  ri,  1, 17B8  (Fr^nrh  noino  only:  tubtraiU). 

SfheroiiUM,  Dux(:RiL.  /dulogiv  Analjtiqne,  342, 1300  {tvhercalattu—tpmgleri,  from  a  ilra-r- 
^^^^         Ing  Bbuwiii-*  a  froDt  view). 

^^^M'Orttrfun,  Rafi.\b»jue,  Aoulyse  de  U  Nature,  90,   lUIJ  (jiubstltuto  for  Lei  ipfiiniddi, 
^^^F        L4.c£p(:tiE). 

V  Bphtrrtfidet.  LACtPftDt,  Pillot  BdiUon,  Hist.  Nat.  Polu.,  ^^.  27B,  18.11,  (tubercutatut—iptn- 

^^^H  CtTAtwmiijr,  .SWAimioN,  Nat.  Tliat.  Claaii'n  Fiaheii,  n,  IM,  33h,  \S39 itpenjlrri) . 
^^^MchrilitMh)/:  MCiXEa,  Aliliandl.  Akad.  WiaH.  ll«rUn,  352.  Hi'tfi  (1841)  {Imtudineut). 
^^^^  Hulaennthut,  Gkonow,  Syat.  Nat.,  Ed.  Gray,  23,  1854  {iiicliiiloa  all  Tttrodontida  and  Din- 

V  doHtiit'f^ :  name  prvoot^uidMl. 

^^^  Anehumniu.  Kaui-  MS.,  RicUABnaoN.  Voyaice  Herald,  ISS,  IRS,  ISM  (t]>mgUri,  etc.). 
^^^^bjiM  tUnomrtopn  (Slenmntloptu),  BmaoN,  I<«vn«  de  Zoolof;ia  1855,  270  (ttthidinttu) ;  no 
^^^^B        diagnoaU. 
^^^^Jiiuioephaltu,  Holj.ard,  I'.tndea  xar  liut  GymnodontM,  324.  1M7  (Utludineu;  eir..). 

^^^"      Body  ublung,  not  elongate  ;  akin  variously  prickly  or  smooth,  sontotimefl 
I  with    cirri.      A   single,   short,   simple  na.sal    tiilm   on    i-ach  side,  with  2 

I  ratlior  hir^e  openiuga  neiir  ita  tip.     I'oraul  nad  anal  fiua  short,  Ilttlo  fal- 

I  cate,  of  B  to  8  rays  each;  caudnl  truncate  or  roiiude<l,  nirely  slightly  c-oa- 

cave.  Vertfibrii'  8-|-10^18.  Frontal  bones  expanded  sidiMvinc  and  form- 
ing the  lateral  roof  of  thn  orbit,  tlio  postfroiitala  liiiiiti-d  to  ilio  postftrior 
portions.  .Spt'clea  nniDprous,  in  warm  seas;  largely  American.  Oiir  spe- 
cies represent  -  wtdl marked  Huligouora,  the  oxtretnoa  of  which  appear 
very  different  from  each  other  so  far  as  tbo  Hkiills  ar<i  concerned,  Some 
of  the  typical  species  of  Siihiroiilin  ajiproach  Cantltigatttr  in  the  iiarrow- 
iiras  of  the  frontal  area.  ((Si!>aif}t>g,  spliero;  eiSoi,  roseiuldanco;  the  genus 
based  on  a  front  vifw,  in  which  the  fish  was  represented  as  spherical.) 

SniutoiDss: 
a.  Skull  very  narrow  abore,  tbo  intororbltal  an^a  more  or  iMa  concave,  3)  to  C)  tlmM 
in  tho  IniKtli  <i(  tliK  \ung  aaoat,  0  to  12  tiiiii'n  in  liniid;  xidiMi  of  hod}'  naaallywith 
■iDull  denaal  Itiipit. 
6.  Interorbttal  area  very  deeply  ooDcaTC,  ohaimel-Ulce  in  the  odalt,  alightly  con- 
cave la  tbe  yooiiK. 


I 


1730         Bulletin  ^7,  Uniti  i  States  National  Museum. 


0.  Bitak  Mxl  1k>U.v  witbnnt'  pri«Uea  In  tb«  adult;  3  rattier  1ar{;« dcimal  flap* 
Iwhiud  lii'Ud,  1  on  rarh  Bide;  coloriktion  nearly  uoiromi,  tlio  ■{<]«•  of 
belly  with  or  witlmnt  Hark  liIatchRS.  ANarsnrEPa,  2145. 

ee.  Bock  unci  b«lly  more  i>r  lesn  prickly;  dorsal  cirri  mitallcr  and  furtlier 
npjirt,  ortcii  wnntint;;  rolirr  not  nnironii,  Uie  sidex  with  a  aerie*  of 
rotind  dark  blnlcheo;  tlio  back  green,  mottled  or  apotted  witli  maroon 
iiikI  iiky  lilaff.  LonATC^.  vm. 

hb.  Intnrorl'itiil  i<piic«  Hat  or  moderately  cooeave;  oo  dorsal  tlatHii  8iil«»  vrith  a 
avi  l«a  «t'  abiiut  12  bluck  blctehes  or  bnra  lioandini;  ]>uU>  v^lor  of  alMlomcD ; 
bw'k  without  curved  rnws  itreaka;  upi«r  ray  uf  caailal  pnxlared. 
lU  Sidc«  of  hcsiul  and  body  always  Hinootb  fxcvpt  noiuetiineii  a  strip  behind 
p«<:t<ii'nlH :  npioes  lariscr,  hi|;b(>r,  luoro  KteUnto,  wider  spurt  than  in 
ttltltfritiilft  tnnciilat'iM,  irrcgiilnrly  plured  and  often  wholly  wanting; 
Hldoa  iiHuully  with  aninll  donnnl  slips  or  daps,  espiH^ially  in  the  yuang; 
liliu'k  liiotrbivi  no  Rides  nearly  round:  caudal  witb  a  broad  dasky  bar 
on  1iu.<i>'  au<t  tip.  hPBNOi.KKi.'JUi. 

dd.  Siili's  firiifad  and  IxHly  always  prirkly,  as  is  the  bock  from  up(M*r  tip  to 
liua^Mjf  doraftl;  bi'lly  priirkly.  tbr  pri4-klos  nil  siuiilar,  small,  3-rooted. 
slllV  aivtl  close  snl,  never  ubsuIifU-;  iiu  rirri :  ba«k  with  dark  sitots: 
bliU'V  Itluti'bus  on  siduA  foruiinj;  sliurt  obli'iw  croa.i  liars,  I liogv behind 
liertiirul  mosC  conspii'tioiis;  niiidal  nearly  pbiin,  durker  at  tip. 
e.  Color  durk  brown,  with  bbuk  blut^'hrs;  a  srries  of  abont  a  dorcn 
Irrognlar  l>liuk  rtpolM  aUmj;  iinilcr  Aide  MAcrLATf*  21*8. 

M.  Color  dark,  oli%  ui'eoiiit  aliuvt';  lilaok  blotvlips  on  lower  part  of  aide* 
in  tlio  form  of  siiorf.  iibllciuo  cross  bar*.  MJillXORATCcSl'lt, 

r^EIUCHTHTK  (:feiAiK,  lip;  <;(9u<,  Hah)  : 
aa.  Skull  riry  linniil  iibovi;.  llio  inti  rorbital  space  broad,  flattista,  or  very  little  ooDeare. 
its  width  iiiiiro  Ibiiii  i  snuiit  and  21  to  i  iu  liead;  aides  with  uo  aeries  of  dark 
blotcbSM  Imuudliij;  (Im  linnof  l>olly. 
r.  Caudjkl  lln  ronndcil  or  j^iiblrniicatp;  back  And  sidc^s  with  nniny  small  irr«fpiliir 
liiuok  spola :  no  aerie*  of  laryer  blotches  l»iiindtn|,'  tin-  ""Iko  of  the  belly. 
/.  Dark  abiidca  on  back,  bnmd.appmirin);  hh  the  ground  color  and  orusaeil  hy 
pale  curved  rroM«  hum  and  streaks  forming  area  of  t'oncf^utrjf*  rireles; 
these  sunictiniea  lirokiu  by  rt'tiiulatious,  orery  wburo  profusely  sjiotted 
with  black  in  adiiU:  body  rather  sparsely  prickly  above  and  b«low  of 
somutiiuoa  (.'Utirdy  smooth. 
ff.  Interorliiral  spiu'i*  moderate,  allj^lilly  conrnA'e;  anont  aomewtiat  pro- 
duced, the  lye  n  ]Uili>  biliind  niidillv  nf  head;    pale  markings 
usBsUy  lrre)^lar,  iiol  foruiiiig  coutinuous  •U'cs. 

TEaruDnmrs,  siM. 

ffg.  Interorbital  area  Tery  broad,  nearly  flat;  snout  short  an<l  blantiah, 

the  eye  Ut'iirly  tuhlway  iu  head;  pale  milrkings  coToparatirel} 

rcguliir,  forming  distinct  urea.  AJtsi'LATtrs,  2161. 

//.  Dark  ahades  on  ba.c'k  nppeiiring  aa  liars  and  simts  on  a  pain  groand  eotor, 

the  pale  ureas  funning  more  or  less  distinct  ooDcenlric  atreaka;  tlw 

dark  areas  above  large  blurk  coutlneiit  blotches  which  form  above 

cnrved  streaks  nod  cioea  ban,  irreKiilar  nnd  variable  hnt  abarjil; 

marked;  interorbital  spneo  very  broad  and  slightly  convex ;  bot'k  and 

belly  jirifkly.  ronuosua,  2152. 

*e.  Candal  flii  liiuat^'  or  Inincatc,  with  the  angles  acnte  nr  produced. 

h.  Dorsal  rays  8;  body  more  or  less  prickly,  above  and  below. 

{.  Color  brownish  alwve  with  irregular  grayish  spotit,  and  somotlmM 

dark  cross  bands;  eye  ei|iial  to  iuNTnrlnUl  width.    rPBTHi, 2153. 

{{,  Color  brownish  above,  rorniicniatod  with  pnler;  eve  broader  than 

intororbital  space  (in  yonng  of  iiuvbi's).    trichockpiiai.ds.  21&t, 

kk,  I>oii>aI  rays  10.    lindy  <in  adult)  everywhere  perfectly  smooth;  ioter- 

orbitul  space  broad,  eijual   to  snout  and  twice    diameter  of  eye, 

brown,  with  darker  sjiots  above.  pacbtoastsb,  Z1E6. 


.^^^^R^m 


Head  2i;  de[>tli  3i  (when  nut  iiitliiteil).  D.  8;  A.  7.  Body  compara- 
tively eltjiigafe,  the  snout  very  long,  ooncaveiu  proliic.  a  little  loii(;t'r  than 
rest  ^^(  lieuil ;  eyit  largo,  2  to  3  ia  anout.  A  well-uiurknd  pair  of  email 
ilurmal  lliips,  Idatk  in  color.  1  ou  eacti  dido  of  median  liiie  of  back,  boliiud 
tlii!  occiput,  mill  jiint  Tiehind  gill  opening,  the  two  cliiso  tngethiT;  inter- 
orbital  area  very  narrow,  deeply  tioncave,  cliannid-like,  not  so  broad  oa 
eye,  tlio  width  of  ita  liuuy  part  Ct^  in  suont,  about  12  iu  head;  supra- 
orbital bono  proniiiiunt.  iSiilea  with  a  few  siuall  whittHh  dermal  c>irri  or 
tliittitth  llapg,  irre^'ular  in  Hix<*  and  poaitiun,  HoiiiotintUH  wanting;  ouradiilt 
oxanipli's  ((Jalapngoe  Islandn)  entirely  smooth,  the  Bkin  everywhere 
rough  velvety;  nostrtla  tubular,  with  2  latural  openings  near  the  aumtuit. 
Caudal  gontly  rounded,  the  rniddli-  rays  longest;  a.  slight  tracu  of  fold  «>n 
caudal  peduncle;  pectoral  liroad,  roiiiidwd,  thw  uppi^r  rays  longeet.  Skin 
on  hack  and  sides  tending  to  form  ohlit(iip  lengthwise  wrinklea.  Color  of 
adult,  dark  smoky  gray,  nearly  iiuiforin,  tlio  belly  Hi>arcely  pale;  baae  of 
fins  dusky ;  no  truce  of  lateral  hlotrhcH.  Pacilit.'  coast,  from  La  Paz  to  the 
Oalapugi/B  iHlaitda;  rather  rare.  Here  described  from  2  adult  rxaniples  (9 
and  10  inches  long)  from  Chatham  Island  of  the  CiatapagoB.  One  nf  these 
has  the  eye  larger,  the  snout  shorter,  and  the  inti-rorbital  space  much 
deeper  thiin  thi;  oilier,  a  ditTorence  perhnpH  aexnal.  both  lire  uniformly 
colored  and  without  prickh'B.     {anfjiming,  narrow;  rf})i.  hciul.) 

Tflrtiton  anrjiuiUepi,  jKXrKa,  Voyage  Beagle,  Kiaheu,  IM,  pi.  2H,  184^,  Galapagos  Island* 
((7oU.  CharJoK  Darwin);  large  apccimonti  in  )i(K>r  oonililinu.  tho  :<kin  nut  prickly; 
CiL'NTHBK.Cat.,  viu,  387, 1870;  Jordan  i:  (iu.ni£RT.  Proc.  t'.S.  Nut.  Mna.1881!,  831. 

AnchUomuf  an!^«lti^!ep^,  KicOAltUs^ON,  VoyaKo  Herald,  Flabes,  ISti,  1854. 

Bpltaraida  anguttietjit,  J0RU.4H  it.  Kuwards.  i.  c,  236. 

8146.  SPHKBDIDES  L0II,ITU8  (Stelndactkuer). 


(BOTBTR.) 

Head  about  3;  depth  about  4;  eye  moderate,  abont  5  in  head.  P.  7;  A. 
7.  Oenenil  form  of  Siilieroidtn  angiinlictiiii,  the  body  elongate,  the  head 
long,  the  long  Muout  2  in  head,  its  profile  coiieave;  interorhitnl  space  nar- 
row, deeply  concave,  the  width  of  it«  bony  portinu  4  to  h  in  auoiit,  7  to  10 
in  head;  nostrils  smiill,  papillifonn,  each  with  '2  opeuingHj  c»HentialIy  as 
in  8ph«roid«t  tpengleri ;  a  slight  trace  of  fold  on  ciiiidal  peduncle;  black 
post-nuchal  dermal  flaps  Monietiines  present,  these  farther  ;ipart  than  in 
S.  angusiipe]is,  and  often  wanting;  side*  with  flattish  demial  llaps,  pale  in 
color,  rather  nuincroiiB,  but  irregularly  aciittered.  A  rhombic  saddle  of 
sharp  2-rootod  spines  ou  back,  from  tiiipo  to  beliiml  gill  opeuiug,  thence 
back  to  near  front  of  dorsal;  a  smiill  imteh  in  posterior  ])art  of  gil!  open- 
ing; belly  velvety,  with  rather  sharp,  piirtJy  embedded  spines  from  throat 
to  vent;  head,  aides,  and  eiitulal  podnincle  without  spines.  Caudal  short, 
rounded,  1^  ia  he.td;  dorsal  small;  pectoral  broad  truncate,  tho  upper 
rays  Bcorcely  longer  thaii  the  lower.    Color  dark  green,  uaiially  bright. 


m 


1732         Bulletin  //,  United  Slates  National  Museum. 


with  many  irref^Iar,  amall,  well-definMl,  binisb  and  inaFooii-colored  spoti 
above;  a  row  of  Rinall^  cUITuhb  lilackish  blotclies  along  lower  part  of  sidee 
of  head  and  body,  aoiiie  faint  dark  ckiiids  abovr^;  a  dark  blotch  at  haw  of 
pectoral  and  of  caiulnl.  Tiulf  of  Ciilifumia  to  the  Cialapagos:  coihiiloii 
ill  tihallow  water  abuiit  i]a^attan,  the  iurgeut  example  seen  10  iuchealoug, 
from  .tlbatroit  Station  3fKi6.  In  tbia  the  dortoal  flaps  are  obsolete  I&  1 
from  I.a  Piiz  tlu>se  tiaps  are  an  distinct  as  in  Sphrroidtx  ang\i»ticcp»,  but 
fiirtber  apart.  8oniu  from  Piiunnia  have  tlio  Hides  of  liead  and  boilv 
prickly.  There  is  oousidorable  variation  in  other  respects.  The  speciiM 
may  prove  Inseparable  from  .S/iAfToti/r-jiiiN^KtficehfJA,  represeutiug  the  yoiiiijj, 
the  other  the  extreme  of  adalt  variation,  (lohatm,  lobcd,  from  the  lateral 
tlapa.) 

C^lntho<)atleT f  toltatwi, STxna>ACB.MUt, Ichtbyol.  Nottien.,  X. M,  jH.  y,  Ag. 3, 187D,  Altata. 
Sphemdtt  lobatvt,  JokbAK,  Fisluia  of  Slnaloo,  in  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  lgB&,  4S0. 

8147.  HPIIF.ROinKS  SPEXflLRKI  (lUocb). 


<.SOCTBE8If  POfTBBl  SWEU-  TOAD;  TaKBOB.) 

Head  3.  D.  7;  A.  ti.  Uuad  compressed,  narrow;  iuterorbital  space  very 
slightly  concavi),  or  Ibittinb  with  a  Blight  nwdian  ridgo,  narrow,  about 
^  as  broad  ne  eye,  its  width  5  to  (>  in  hi^ad,  '2\  to  3  in  snont,  which  is  '1  in 
head;  profilp  of  Hnoiit  not  atppp.  Body  viirionaly  prickly,  aoinntiiiica 
siUDoth,  iifiujilly  a  p:itch  of  minuto  spincH  from  occipnt  halfway  to  dorNal 
tin;  iM'lly  Hpinon^  to  near  the  vent;  nkin  of  hcnd,  tuil.  and  most  of  tin- 
skin  of  thn  .^idi-B  Buiouth  ;  sides  usnalty  with  small  di<rni!il  cirri,  especial! v 
in  the  yonii;;,  thcso  not  very  rou'^picuims,  V«»ung  i-xumplcs  have  the 
back  and  belly  covered  with  rather  largi",  imt  close  set,  at<'llate  pricklRtt 
:i!<  deMcriliod  iu  the  original  account  of  Titrodon  nephelu*.  Of  the  larger 
tiidividnals,  some  hav«  prickles  only  ou  the  back,  others  on  the  belly  only; 
1  or  2  only  oil  n  small  area  behind  the  eyes  near  the  median  line,  while  the 
majority  of  the  Lirgeat  are  entirely  Hniooth.  There  is  no  doulit  that  these 
till  belling  to  oiiu  species.  The  lo8,i  of  the  prickles  is  probably  to  souie 
(extent  dependent  on  age.  Adult  olive  brown,  with  umiierons  small  light- 
bbiiflh  or  greenish  spots  everywhere,  many  of  theiii  forming  ocelli  aronnd 
d.irki'r  spots  of  the  ground  nilor;  numerous  8catt<'n>d  black  spots  aa  large 
as  the  piijtil,  cue  in  iixil  below  most  distinct;  some  ob.sonre  dark  MpotA 
along  sides  of  belly,  this  region  being  Hesh  color,  with  pale  rivnlatioiis; 
pectorals  yellowish;  eaudiil  pule,  urtiialiy  with  2  dusky  shades.  Young, 
gray  and  olive  nbovc,  nnich  mottled  with  Idijckisb;  Imck  with  nuinerons 
irregular  blue  spots;  Iris  coppery,  the  pupil  green;  belly  white,  grayish 
brown  iilun^'  the  side-n;  12  rinnid  bL'tekisli  spots  along  the  boundary 
between  sides  and  belly;  a  whitish  b,ir  at  bnso  of  ciitidal;  caudal  with  2 
i>!ir!<  of  blackisli  nlivn  and  1  of  white;  other  fins  plain;  back  and  sidcn 
with  whitish  cim,  Wext  Indies,  very  coiiiiiiou.  ranging  north  to  coast  of 
Texas  and  western  Florida,  Mniitb  to  Rio  .laiieiro  jind  t^  the  Miuleiroa  and 
Canariejt;  the  most  widely  diHtriimted  Hpccies  of  the  riitnily.  Length  1 
font.  (Named  for  Mr.  t^peugler,  of  Copenhagen,  who  sent  the  type 
specimen  to  Blooh.) 


Tetrrdon  rpmgUri.  BlOCB,  Ichlbyologia,  1. 135.  pi.  t44,  1783,  Ernst  Indiei:  GfNTBEB,  C«4., 
VIII. 2^.1870:  T'uBV,  Eiiaiue>rutl<>.  173, 187.'>i  Johdan  A  Gilhert.  Syuojiaia,  BHM8KI. 

LfTtlrodottpiumur.  LACtPftIim.HMt.Xat  PniM.,i,  MM,  17V7,  Martinique;  od  ft  itrawiog 
by  Pli'VIEB. 

L*  SpMroid*  tvbmuU,  Lac£P^.P*,  Uist  Xat  PqIm-,  n,  1. 1798,  Martinique :  on  »  frniit-vfrw 
dnwing  by  Pl.cnMI1UL 

Tttroionplumiery  Buocn  It  ScB.tKiDKii,  Syil .  Ichtb.,  MM,  1801,  Martinique ;  aflvr  LAire- 
rtJitL. 

SphoTouif  tuhtrertlatui,  Pnxor  Edition  of  Lac^pMe,  n,  S7t,  1831,  Martinique. 

TtfruJtm  turgvfu-;  PoKr.  Synopala,  132. 186S,  Cuba;  not  of  MrrciriLL. 

Tetrvdim  nephfhu,  CoouE.ii  IIkan,  Pror.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mna.  18)12, 412,  Indian  River  and  Pensa- 
cola,  Florida  (Typed.  JJ">.  31127  ami  3U2«  J'mm  Indian  Kiver  (Coll.  R.  Edward  Earll) 
and  2O&70  (CoU.  Slla«  Slcornil) ;  Jokda.'V  &  GlUISUT.  Synu|iaiA,  900. 18ffl. 

Tetrodon  turfidu*  nephelu*.  JORDAN  it  (ilLBERT,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mua.  188i,  30C. 

SpKtroidtt  tptngitri,  JoauAX  &.  JiDuxuiw.  (.  (.,  237. 

S148.  SPIIEROIUKS  ■A<'DLAT(  8  (Blooh  1l  Schnvider). 

(PrrTEK:  Swnx  ToADi  Bu>wkx.> 

Head  2};  depth  3;  eye  Kmiill,  9  in  lieiid ;  iiiterorliital  width  3i ;  snont  1}. 
D.  7;  A.  6;  C.  7.  Uody  aliout  a«  wide  as  deep  vrtieu  not  inllated;  iiitur- 
urUilal  apace  Bomewbat  ci>u('iivo;  protilc  not  very  steep,  deprewsud  in  front 
of  eyes.  Bidea  of  head  and  bcidy  aUviiys  prirkly,  as  is  the  lirttk  from  ujiper 
lip  to  base  »rdurHal;  belly  prickly  from  lower  iip  to  vent;  prickleH  all 
aiiiiilar,  small,  iiioHtly  3-rooti-d,  tttiff  itnd  i-Iobo  net,  ruthei-  lurgest  puuteriorly 
un  back  and  belly,  iievfr  nliHulete;  Bides  witbunt  cirri.  Caudal  slightly 
rounded.  Color  dark  olivaceotia  .tbuve,  ooiuewhitt  lUitrbled  and  doited 
with  Iduck;  tdai'k  blotches  on  lower  part  of  sidea  in  tlie  form  uf  short 
cro!<8  biirg,  somewhat  oidique,  the  lirst  one  1>ebiiid  pectonil  iiiost  cnuspic- 
uons;  c'jiudal  flu  plain  or  nearly  ae,  the  tip  darker.  Close  to  Spheroidei 
tiKni/lerl,  the  spines  mimller,  closer  togi'ther  iiiiid  never  wanting;  no  cirri. 
Length  &  to  111  iarlii'H.  Attantii'  touflt  of  the  I'ultcd  State«,  from  Ciipe 
Ann  to  Florida;  very  common  northward,  replacing  the  closely  nllie<!  jS. 
tpeiiijltri.  The  only  ajieciea  uf  the  genua  conunou  outaido  the  Tropic«. 
(mneulatui,  spotted.) 

Taadjith,  Scnfirr.  Bcobaobt.  GeaelUcb.  Natnrf.  Frencile,  \lli,  189.  1788.  Long  ItUnd. 
Tilredon  hUpidut,  vht.  mttuMut,  Blocii   &■  Sounkiueu.  Syst.  lobtli.,  &04,  IBin.  Long 

Island  ;  ofl*r  SCHdPir. 
Tttrodon  liirgidut,  MlTOHiLL,  Traun.  Lit.  aud  Phil.  Soc.,  i,  1815,  473,  pi.  S,  f.  6,  New  York ; 

liOTniEn,  Cat.,  vni.  285;  Johdan  &  (Jii.bkrt,  Synoiwii,  8SI,  1883. 
Bphtroi4ei  maeutatut,  JouDAir  &.  Sdwahds,  (.  c,  238. 


2140.  KPHKROinEN  M.lttNORAT|;N  (Uancanl). 

(SpINVDArK  RlOW-riSH.) 

Head  2S;  depth  I ;  eye  14  in  head;  anout  long,  1}  in  bead.  D.  7;A.  6;  P. 
14.  Outline  of  iicnd  eoiicttvo  in  front  of  eye;  eye  full  nnd  high,  its  distance 
above  a  line  druwii  from  corner  of  month  to  upper  baso  of  ]ieetoral  ei]iiul 
to  it»  longitudinal  di:tineter,  Inlerorbit;il  «pac<"  very  narrow,  grooved,  ita 
width  equal  to  that  of  pupil.  NoHtrila  at  end  of  a  tube,  aituated  about 
e<iually  distant  from  end  of  snout  and  posterior  edge  of  eye.    CJill  opening 


1734         Bulletin  /7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


equal  to  Imm^  of  perioral,  liiit  higher.  Leuj^tli  of  cniidal  pe<lancl«  fruni 
aual  2  in  bcn<l.  LeuKth  uf  lieiul  equal  to  i  of  distance  in  front  <•(' 
(loraal.  Postoiior  nvya  uf  durunl  1|  in  lougeot,  which  are  2|  iu  head. 
Pectontl  very  broiid,  foUling  fan-like,  tho  uinrgiiis  scalloped,  Uroiidl.^ 
rniirifled,  lowp-it  my  1!  in  ii|«por.  wbii^li  is  2j  iu  Lead.  Candiil  tin  slightly 
lonji^er  than  tlio  distaui-u  nf  its  base  from  ilorsal,  its  rays  all  of  c<{uul 
leiiKtb,  If  iu  bead.  PrickloH  ou  venti'al  snrfaco  between  ohiu  and  vent, 
extending  uu  »>de  of  lie:id  in  front  nf  peutoral  fin,  on  sido  behind  pectoral 
tin  to  vertical  froui  dorsul,  abov't*  from  niKstriln  to  dorsal ;  only  the  snout, 
ttiil  of  pectoral,  and  caudal  pednnclo  naked.  Lateral  line  very  fniut, 
extenil'iHToblitiuoly  upward  from  side  of  snout  un(iereyc,  Uien  backirjird, 
curving  wligbtly  downward  under  ilorsm!,  must  distinct  on  siilo  of  tiii], 
Cnlor  in  alcohol,  above  very  ilark  brown,  with  binrk  blotches,  the  side* 
linbtor,  with  very  pale  reticulfttioiis.  a  aeries  of  alioiit  a  dozen  irregular 
black  Hpots  along  lower  sidt-;  brlow  white;  caudal  .ilije^htly  dusky,  with 
no  indications  of  bars;  other  Uiis  colorless.  This  species  ditfors  from 
Syheruitles  Hprngftri  in  the  hijib  and  ])r>iniineut  eye,  the  very  narrow  inter- 
orbital,  llie  strongly  concave  outline  of  Bunnt,  thn  extensive  diNtributiou 
of  prickb's,  and  iu  color.  West  Indies  to  Hrazil;  our  Kpecimens  collected 
at  Kingston,  .lamaioa,  by  Rev,  Joseph  B.  Roberts,    {marmoratu*,  marbled.) 

Tetndon  marmnratiu,  KA.NK&NI,  KoT.  Comm.  Ac.  8vl.  Inst.,  Iknion.,  iv,  1840,  Ti,  pi.  10, 

flg.  I,  Brazil. 
Splieroidvs  miinnoratut,  JijnnAH  Jt  UlTrrmt,  Proc  Ac.  Nat.  SoL  I'tilUk.  1897, 121. 

Subgenus  CHEILtCHTHYS,  Milller. 
8160.  SPHEHOIOKK  Tran  IHNEl'S  (Linun-iui). 


(TAMBOK;  (JLOBS  FIHH.) 

Head  3;  snont  moderately  Ion;.',  2  in  lieud;  uyit  Hnnill,  about  7^  in  bead, 
nearer  }fill  opening  ihnn  endof  stroiit;  intiTorWital  width -tin  head.  U.8; 
A.tj;  skin  of  bai-k  from  napi'  to  bc^fore  durnul  tin  covered  with  small, 
siiiirsely  t>et  prickles;  belly  from  throat  to  anal  with  prickles  which  are 
ratbitr  largo  and  cbisclysot;  axil  usually  prickly ;  these  prickliw  r.-irely 
wanting  or  obscured;  sides  sojnetiiiius  witli  cirri.  Back  dark  olivai^cous, 
with  whitish  curved  lines  and  streaks  paler  than  the  ground  color,  these 
Ktreuka  u*iunlly  arranged  as  follows:  a  circle  or  rhomb  on  the  middle  of 
bai'k,  in  front  uf  dorsal  liu,  this  siirnmiidod  bv  an  ellipse,  tho  ellipse 
Honctimes  broki-n  up  by  cross  8tr<';tk8;  lieforo  thiM  3  or  4  cross  atr<'aka 
extending  diivviiw:ird  .tiid  backward,  tho  onu  at  tlie  niip«  and  the  one 
behind  the  eyes  connected  on  the  ineiliau  lino;  buck  and  sides  with  many 
irregnlar,  round,  bbickiMh  H]i«tM  of  ditlVreiit  sizes;  a  dark  bar  at  base  of 
pectoral;  caudal  dn»ky  at  bane,  then  pale,  the  ])0»toTior  l  blackish;  skull 
not  very  broad,  the  iiitcrorbital  area  somewhat  concave,  the  ]>refroutal 
grooves  narrow.  West  Indies;  very  connnon;  occasionally  ascending 
rivers;  ranging  occasionally^  northward  in  the  fiulf  Stream  as  far  as  Now- 
port,  (teniudinmiii,  like  a  turtle,  Tentudo,  from  tho  form  of  tho  jaws;  "orbit 
ublougut  UiludiHis  capite''  of  Clusios.) 


Jordan  and  EvermaHn. — Fishes  of  North  America.     17S5 


X^UtmtltK  ffubtr,  ArncDi,  G«iK<ni  I*i<>rinm.  KeaiuOO.lTTS:  a/Mr  CLCnm.  TToj^ 
llit.,  SUJC,  Amurn.  Alhi].,  i,  &91. 174>. 
OfH>  toHl  %»lUftm  (tbc  UloW  Fir.li).  ClTESIiY,  Xat  nUt.  Cnivlina,  pi.  28. 1T43,  Virginia. 
lUnuiiM  iMbiAfMur,  Ll!<N.«rH.Syat.  Nat  .  EU.  x.332, 17&fi;  liuiil  kii  Balk  anil  AicTKUi. 
t  IWr«dM  ptHMtofM,  BuiCH  ti.  ScHXSlOKll.  Syst.  Icbth.,  SOe,  1801,  Braxil ;  Tukt,  Synopoia. 

uiisas. 

IWriMltii  fonutrieu*.  BLOTh  ^  SrR]mi>K&,  Syst.  Ichth.,  M6, 18U1,  Virginia ;  aflrr  CATCsaT. 
T«(rad«i  ammvrr7/;f(t/«,  (:o6iiE.lS'at.  Suloiirii  Jamaica.  287,  IB5I, Jamaica. 
JltcMaMiMM  r<<»e«'orii  (K^up)  KicHABUBON,  Voyage  Herald,  1«1,  \>l  H),  ISM;  not  Tttnd»n 
ntieularU,    BlxWU    A    SoaNUDEK.   which    la    TttrodoH  ttttudinttu,   Bujib,    not  of 

Ilotataitlhui  tfienothot.  Obokdw,  Cat  FiaUra,  Ed.  Gray,  2i,  1854.  American  Ocean. 
Tttrodi-n  leMludiHtui,  GC.nthku,  Cat.,  viil,  283,  1870;  I'OKT,  Euiuueraliu,  172,  1872;  .T(1|U>a>' 

II  l>ii,BEUT,  .Syuupaia,)<OI,  1883. 
Sphtnridn  UtImUnrus,  JOAt)A.N  &  EdWAEM,  Lc,  238:  JOBItAN  &  Rnm.  Proc.  Ac  NM. 

Sci,  I'bjia.  1887, 130, 


2151.  HPDKBOIDG.S  AMTVLATCK*  (Jonyna), 

.3;  deptli  4;  eyo  granll,  4  to  5  in  lieatl.  I).  8;  A.  7;  interorTjital 
I  very  broad,  nearly  flat,  it«  wiiltli  3{  iti  head,  1^  in  snout,  wliich  is  1 J 
in  head.  Itody  ro)>UHt,  moderately  inllatable;  the  bead  broad  anil  short; 
Bnoiit  short,  steep,  and  nearly  Htniijzht  in  jjrolilo;  caudal  siibtmucate,  IJ  in 
head;  dorsal  rather  high;  puetoral  broad,  truncate,  the  lower  tingle 
rounded,  upper  parts  from  nostrily  to  dorsal  covered  with  ginnll,  oharp 
prickles,  closely  set;  a  few  jirirklpB  ou  lower  piirt  of  fhet'k  and  nn  front 
of  li«lly;  iiinst  of  boUy  aiiiooth  ve\lii  lon^iliidiual  wriiikloH,  the  Hjiines 
emliedded  in  the  thick  Hkin  ;  whole  body  Hnitietiiiie.s  entirely  smooth  ( i^oH- 
tua).  Caudal  peiUinclr  oujuotti ;  up|i«r  parts  cv»-ry  where  with  sniiill,  round, 
blnckiah spots,  luach  snialkn'  than  pngiii,  tbt'se  inimt  coiiupicuonH  on  sides 
of  body  and  on  sides  of  head;  l»,itk  dark  brown  with  concentric  pale 
rings  and  curved  tttreaks  or  ."iitures;  a  V-sbapcd  murk  before  ilorsal,  an 
ellipse  surrounding  it  oxtiMidiuj;  Just  bcfor*'  dorsal  and  behind  nape;  2 
dark,  obliiym  bare  ou  laudal  peiiiintlci,  with  3  I'orru.Hpoiiiling  ulilopie 
streaks  on  head,  those  markings  less  distinct  in  old  examples,  the  dark 


*  Cnn'^t^mlnii  tl:i»  i<[i«cie*  Or.  (rilbort  remarks: 

^'S}ihtrmdf»  itntttiliituM  in  Vi«r3'  cliis*'  (*i  Sjihrroiil^f  Ustttiiiiuiumi  Iht*  trnpii'iil  Atluiif  in,  ilif- 

anil  HiiIcH.  and  thi>  woniipr  (livilnpnifiit  of  the  biiidi-«,  whirh  riiroiv  protrnilc  in  urlultx. 
The  only  iIillorcu<-t'»  wlili'li  liavc  Xnn^n  allt'i'iM]  l<i  iii<|iiirat4-  ixilUut  Iroiii  niiHi,(a(u.f  ifieralili) 
la  llie  Kre«t<'r  iltjvulopnx'nt  of  (>]>lr»-(i  iu  iliu  Utt'T  ludiiw  Wmg,  di-H.;ril>i<l  a«  |i<rre<-Uy 
am(j4it1i.  The  yrjujig.  howovir,  u*n.-illv  h»ve*  cviriBiit  Hpini*a;  thi*  pit^  which  iMiDtaiti  tli« 
apines  cati  oIwuvh  Dk*  iijiiiIi^  {>ut  in  (idiitt«,  miil  thti  rtpinvn  4M'ciftr«iuaal]y  ]irotrud»,  and  nrv^ 
eridont  in  «peoiiiieii9«li)li"rliiK  iiuiootluT  rfajH-rt*!  from  otlicrfi  whicti  »r<>  pt'rriclly  nmoofh. 
Thia  la  diii'  iu  part  tu  vnryioa  <iffvrlupiniiilJ(  of  thu  (tpiu™,  but  J.h  largely  attVlliiiCiililu 
to  difl'ercne^-*  iu  Rrati'  i»f  |*ri>ni>rva(i<in  luwi  dt'urfti'  i>f  iiitiaiiLm.  Y'aniii;  Bjii'iviiin'iia  siM-m 
alwaya  to  «liow  llin  runiontric  ]ii;hl  rincd  in  fniiil  nf  the  duriuil  fln,  and  tln>  liijlit  i-roita 
bara  on  head  iiud  iiaiK>.  tiici  Uttti'r  i-xt(>ntltug  dowiiw-nrd  and  backward  on  aidea.  Tlie 
anialleat  rini:  ir^  ii^iiuiIK  I'oiinertt-d  with  Uw  ynw  nurrouniliniy;  it  by  a  locdiaD  liDernnnlnff 
forwonl,  fliid  by  a  •'rn»fl  ntrcik  un  incliaidv.  Tlii>  dark  art'na  nr«  ruinjolliiieaaolld  aod  am- 
fcinu,  iiiun-  fn'<|iicnliy  oovenil  witli  nniiill.  niaiid,  l)lii<k  i)H)t«,  and  aomntiuieii  divideil  by 
rrlii'iilntiii;;  lltlit-liliiu  lines  into  aniull  p<>ty){ciu»l  blutcliea.  Tbf  Imvor  jmrt  of  tliuHidi'x 
ia  niarlifcl  wjtii  ]ar|;f  lilaclt  R|H)tB.  liarcrr  spoi'lnioiiM  ofti-n  have  tliin  pattrm  of  i-itlnra- 
tioM  indigliu€l.  adiillanliuwiug  bftck  uun  aidiK  iiliimxt  uitirnr-mly  luvc-rod  witb  ainall  binvk 
apota." 

Ainoni;  uiir  niiiiiy  HiHH'inionM  froni  Mazutlaii  nr  And  nil  runi^m  of  Tarlntiuiiit,  from  Itumo 
vhollv  withoul  apinva  to  Iboao  prickly  nbuvu  and  below,  both  kinda  btilog  taken  iu  the 

me  haul  of  the  net. 


1736  Bulletin  //,  United  States  National  Museum. 


spots  liocoming  more  niiirkeii  aa  the  pale  streaks  facie  away;  oandal  nearly 
plain,  dusky  Hebiuil.  Length  IX  inches.  I'jvcilio  coust  of  tropical  America; 
gpiHirally  I'oiiiuioii  tu  Buiidy  l»!i,v«  fr<nii  Cerroa  Island  to  Eciiatlor;  oace 
reconkd  from  San  Di«go;  represC'Uting  the  very  closely  allied  Sphiroidet 
tctltiitineut  of  the  Atliintic.  Here  ilescrilnMl  from  speeitnons  from  the  Gala- 
pa^Lw,  typical  oi  aniiulalut.  It  is  posHiljlo  that  th«  speciea  is  uot  really 
distinct  from  ^plieroidet  tesludhieuii,  liiit  the  siiont  seems  a  little  shorter 
than  ill  tli«  Jutt^er,  tbti  hund  broiuler  :iud  the  ]iale  luarkingii  wore  defiuitelj 
rcHeniUIiiig  coiicentric  ellipses,     (aiinulatmi,  ringed.) 

Ttlrviiim  anniitalU4.  Je.vtss,  /.ooI.  H^gle,  1S3,  1M2,  Chatham  Ulaod,  Qalapagos  Archi- 
pelago (Coll.  <'ha».  I>i»rwiu) ;  STELtDAtHSEII,  Iilith.Bellr.,  v,'.a,  18T4. 

Anchitomtu  geomrtrietu  (KAri-)  RlfUABliSOIl,  Voyage  Herald,  156.  pL  30,  IBM,  Galapagos 
lalandi;  notof  Bu)CH  k  .SCBNEIPER. 

TetrtMioit  hrraUli,  OCnthkr.  Cat.  FiKh-.^nn,  283,  IBTO,  Galapagos  Islands  and  Panama; 
nCU'r  KiCHAHUSON's  Hpocime<n,  prickly  aud  nitli  the  i  iitrrurbital  upace  broad  und  lUt. 

Tttroiion  gtoitutrietu.  UdirmsB,  Fiah.  Centr.  Anier.,  «88, 1808. 

apkmrmdet  UMhuiinctt*  annutatiu,  JoBOAS  &  Eowasob,  (.  c,  240, 

Repres<!ntcd  northward  (Guaymas,  Mazatlan,  La  Pax,  etc.)  by 

2I61».  SPriTIBOIDKS  AXyiTLATt;«  POMTfS  (Glrard). 

This  form  dift'crs  nBuully  in  huvin);  the  hm;i!l  dark  spots  smaller,  mora 
uuiui'riinH,  uud  muri-  iiiiei|ii:Ll  iu  hi/a'  than  is  usually  the  roac*  in  Spheroidet 
anuttlalits  nf  th«  same  size.  It  is  iilsii  inure  tVei|iiL-ntly  devoid  of  priekk<s, 
but  this  cliiir.icter  Heiiua  to  ho  snb.juct  to  gre:»t  v.itiiitiou.  At  Mazutluu 
smooth  aud  prit^kly  t^pcritueiis  abound  in  the  Astillt^^M,  and  tnuy  he  t^keu 
togetlmr  iu  the  sjiiiic  drawing  of  the  not.  Professors  livtrmann  and  Jen- 
kins AirtbtM'  uot<^  that  the  iiitenii'bitiil  .space  is  ll:it  in  S.  politut  nnd  con- 
cave in  •$.  aiinulalug,  bat  wu  arc  nuablc  to  appreciate  any  such  difference 
in  the  comparison  at  poUht*  from  Mazatlan  with  aniiulatut  from  the  liala- 
pagoB.  The  dilToreuce  in  the  size  of  the  spots  iSj  huwcver^  tuugible  and 
apparently  fairly  oonataat.     ipoUttu,  polishe<l.) 

Tttrodvn  polUut,  GiUAKD,  Paoifio  R.K.  Surrey,  X,  340,  18S8,  San  Diegix,  California,  speri- 
luona  iMTfertly  aniuutli;  GC.ntiiik,  Fiab.  Centr.  Amer.,48U,  1808 {  GCntueb, Cat.,  \1II, 
ffil,  1870;  JiiioiAS  .V  Gilbert,  Syuiipsia,  800, 1883. 

Sphmrmilrs  yvlitut,  JORDAN  It  EDWABDS,  I.  c,  238:  EvKRMAlfM  Sc.  JEHKINB,  Proa  U.S. Sat 
Mot.  1881, 10$. 

91fi2.  KPI11!R0I»E8  FOBIOKrs  (Gvintbcr). 

Head  3;  depth  2i  to  3;  snout  21  iu  hwul;  eye  6  to  6).  D.  7;  A.  7. 
Itody  short  imd  stout,  the  bead  i^hnrt  and  very  broad,  the  snont  short, 
slightly  ctmvex,  and  nut  very  steep;  interorbit.il  space  very  broiul,  lint, 
with  a  nie4ltii.n  bluntish  ridge,  its  width  I J  in  smuit,  2}  in  head;  no  cim; 
nostrils  iu  a  very  shiut,  thick  tube,  with  very  large,  slit-like  upenings 
extending  to  bane  of  tube;  miter  opening  ivliollj'  hitcrnl,  but  the  inner 
encroaches  largely  on  the  anterior  bicc  of  the  lahe;  hack,  from  nostrils  to 
dorsal,  with  rather  small,  sliarp  prickh's,  idoso  set  anteriorly,  sparse  poetv- 
riorly ;  belly,  ftom  throat  to  vent,  everywhere  with  small  pricklca;  head, 
aides,  aud  ciud&l  peduucle  with  siuooth  skin;  Gua  nither  small;  caudal 


Iruni-iiU',  13  in  lioiiil;  pi-ctoral  cdiliqiuOy  ro>in<le<i.  Color*  grayish;  Itaok 
uuil  ttiilvs  olusi'ly  covered  with  wliarply  ili'liiiod,  rouii<lii4li  or  obloDKi  black- 
ish rt]»ots,  viirying  from  Hizc  of  iiii)iil  ii|t\viiril,  miuit>  ot'  tlu-ui  iinilo  Htiiall, 
tbiisc  on  biick  cnuilueiit  ititu  fuivoil  I'ourentrii.'  or  triuisversi'  c^truaka, 
Hiirrouiidiiig  lupdiiiii  iialfi  areiui:  5  tn  10  cltwe-Hct,  transversv,  dark  Ktreiiks 
oil  U)\t  of  bead  itDd  Iront  of  Imck,  tlio  iiiiiikiugH  varying  considi-rably  in 
diHeri'iit  dpi^ciiui'U.H,  but  alwiiys  Htiurply  dotiricd,  and  tarniing  Hpots  iiud 
conoeutrii'  bitrs  jiud  cIlipHnidN.  Pnuuiua.  Here  dcacribiiil  Iroiii  iiiiiiierons 
(tpui'ituens  obtained  In  tbe  ^lllmtrom,  tbo  laiigi-at  iiliont  10  iucbvH  lung. 
Tills  8iM!tii-H  gconi.t  Jill  fed  to  iSplicroMrB  bajacu  (Casteluaii),  from  Huhhi,  itud 
18  vi«ry  distinct  from  Spheroidr'  aiiHiilntut.     {formomt,  cotni'ly.) 

TelTwkm/iiitmmu,  OtSirrumi.  Cat.,  via,  2K<,  1870,  South  America.    (Cull.  CuuiiiiK) 


2ISS.  fSPHKROinKK  FFRTIII  (.S(«>iiiil»c1iii(<T). 

Hua<l  2j}.  D.  8;  A.  7;  i>y«  4  jii  btMid,  about  i-iiunl  to  tbo  iiiterojliitHl 
width,  which  Is  3}  to  ii  in  liuiwl ;  anuut  short,  prolilc  ur.-tuuiil  rutbi-r  stui'p, 
it^  luiigtb  2i  to  21  iu  heiid.  Nnmoroiia  fine  Hhurp  spines  uu  upper  parts  of 
body  from  eyes  to  base  oldornal  tin,  and  below  from  throat  t«  veut;  a  nlight 
ftdd  along  eiu'h  siiUitif  tail;  caiidnl  fin  weakly  ooncavn.  ItrtiwuisL  iibov«, 
with  eiiuill  iiTi'giilar  libiiKb-grny  spots;  sumotiuies  3  faint  bbickisb  croea 
bunds,  the  forciuoiit  on  tbo  forelirud,  the  otbora  iiii  thr  back  before  the 
diirsul;  a  diirk  bjiod  on  biuw  of  ptM'tiini] ;  tiim  yellowiiiU.  (Steindac-luier.) 
I'itiianiu:  riitlior  Hcnri'i*.     Lengtii  ^Ij  inches.     {Ntuned  for  Igiiatina  Ftirtli,) 

Tetrvdon  Jurthi.  Stkinoac  IINEB,  Ichth.  Uettrfige,  V,  'li,  1874,  FuiAma  (Coll.  Kiirtli)  -.  JOR- 

DAN,  Pr<j<!.  1'.  S.  Nut.  Mu».  188&,:i9a. 
Spkanida/urthi,  JokbAN  k  EOWAUM,  I.  f..  330. 


tlS«.  KPHKROIIIKS  TICi|-HOrKI'HALrS<CniNi). 

Head  3^  in  total  Iwigth;  oye  3*  iu  Lend:  Suterobital  width  IJ  in  <^yo. 
D.  8;  A.  7.  rrofite  Hiidd«iily  doKceiiding  Iroiii  prefrontal  region  to  pre- 
tuaxillary,  archi-d  from  (hv  former  point  backward;  In^lly  r>]iinunit  to  ncnr 
vcut;  dorsal  rugioii  from  a  littb^  brbtud  tbe  nareN  to  above  the  oudM  of 
tbe  jiectural  liun  apinoiia;  spiiu-8  on  tbi-  head  long,  cioao  aet,  like  ttenl 
bristles;  raiidal  Itu  triiuiiitt-,  with  proiiiiiient  a.nglert.  nrowutHb  above, 
fuiutly  viTiiiiciilated  with  lighter;  nUlvb  yidlowiuli, becoming  white  below; 
fins  uniform  liglit  yellow;  a  brown  spot  at  base  of  pectoral.  (Cope.) 
Gulf  Stream.  Known  only  from  Cope's  doscriptiou  of  a  sniiil]  specimeu  4 
inches  long  tiiken  in  the  Gulf  Stream  off  Newiwrt.  Possibly  the  yonng  of 
Spheroida pachyijanter.     (Sp/?,  hair;  Kt^aXi),  head.) 


'  The  coluratloQ  of  Sphenidei  formtMHU  \*  more  •triklng  than  In  tnUidine\u  or  amiH- 

Belly  pure  white,  iMK-k  lilnrk,  I'.roMflil  with  iturruwpr  IJKhl  bnea.    The  Inttrr  have 

t  dirM^tiiiii  on  hvnil  anil  na|)0,  where  they  furm  7  ur  9  crusN  linrit,  and  show  a 

leviili-Dt  t«nJcMic>  to  Inmi  roiiceiilrlo  rlnga  ou  liuik.     Each  nontril  in  tt  tilai^k 

MMi^vntroaDflleil  liy  :i  whitu  riii^.    Tlu^  liglit  iinrH  art«  miii-li  uam»wrr  aad  iiion^  niintemna 
tlliiti  In  ttttMilinfuA,  uuil  un'  f'nMpteiitly  rniiniTlri]  Ht  crtmn  liraiicliM,  thun  dlviiiJii^^  ii]t 
the  ilaric  liackurniiud  iuto  diKiunuocCcdnorlcd  ollargu black  apeta.   Annl largely  blackinli, 
jtbu  other  lluit  liulit,  uuiuurkeU. 
32 


1738         Bulletin  4y,  United  States  National  Afuseum, 


Titrvflmi  triehif-ej'lial":  Coi-e,  Pnxs.  Ac.  Kat.  Svl.  Pliilii.  1870,  130,  Outf  Stream  off  New. 

port,  Rhode  I  aland  ;  iIoitDAM  tc  UluiEUT,  SynopiiU,  802,  1883. 
BfhmroUit»  trieiioerphalui,  Jobdan  ik  Eo wards,  i,  (l.,230. 


tlS&.  SPHKROIRKIS  rtCHTRASTEB  <HaUw  A.TnwoiMt). 

I)orKiil  r;i.Ys  10;  iut'Torbital  wiitlli  twite  diuiueter  of  eye,  or  equal  to 
leugtli  of  Kuoiit;  tioAtrilH  nearer  eye  tbun  to  tip  of  snoot,  papillary,  mth 
2  opeaiii^H.  I  loraiil  I'm  iu  front  of  anal ;  caudal  truncate,  upper  and  lower 
puinta  aoiuewliut  c*lu)i^'ftU;d.  Dody  Hiuooth  nil  over  in  adult  (probably 
prickly  wiion  yonnj;).  I'olor  bright  brown  with  darker  apots  on  the  bark. 
(G)inther.)  Length  U  inches.  "A  very  scarce  species  around  the  Uurl>a- 
dos,"  ((iiiuther.)  Not  Bt-on  by  reoent  coUootors;  powibly  the  type  of  :i 
distiiitt  Bnligtinus.     (jftr^t's,  thick;  ^^'^''VA'j  helly.) 

Ttlriiihtn  (OheilieMhyi)  imehngatter,  Ml'LLEK  J^  Tkoscuil  iu  Si'hombUTgk. Uiat.  Barbadoa, 

677.  IMn,  Barbado*. 
TetnvluH  iiachu<jattrr,  GUnthIU,  Cat.,  ^1n, 287, 1870. 
aphtnidt* paehijgaiUr.  Jom\yii  &.  Edwahvs,  I.e., 236. 


679.  OVOIDES,  LociSpi^de. 

L**  Ocuiilfii,  LACKrr.DE,  liiiat.  Nat.  Fous.,  1, 2M,  ITV?  {fataii  French  namo*  aatj);  Xmrnnl 

<iu  front  view  uf  Tttraodon  tuUadit. 
OruiH,  liLocii  ^  SciiNEi i>EB,  Syst. Icbth.,  530,  1801  (cofflvurMmi);  aftor  LAV^fiDK,  nuim 

preoccupied  In  nkolliiMks. 
OeuuU;  nt'.VIKKU.,  /.ualu;:in  Auolytiqiio,  1806:  after  LaC^KOC. 
Oonidm,  Uhuhk^^vk,  Aimlyite  dv  la  Nalnro  1815, 90  (aabalilule  tar  Oeuml. 
AroUirmi.  Muu-Eh,  Abh.  IterJ.  Akiiil.  1S:)9, 252  ttf^uriinariuii ^=  rftieiilnri*). 
IjM  />iJi)b'iHi>/c("Vfjt  {Dilotmmtfrlrr).  Winuos,  Reriie  Zwd.  1855,270  (rrrt'culoru,  Pto.). 
/  Lf  VifhotoviyeUrei  [  IMehotinnyettr).  BiBKOM,  Bev.  Zool.  1855,370  {fiufiMitU:  nu  diai; 

noais). 

Uocly  r.ithiT  robiiHt,  the  skin  iianally  more  or  less  prickly.  Nostril  on 
oiicl)  side  will)  ii  fci'ijtuc'lo,  bitid  to  th<'  ba«e,  it«  tips  withont  opt-niuj;,  the 
bniiH'fies  ol"  lln"  lurgu  oll'uctorv  ucrvo  euditig  in  tup-like  depressioua  ubing 
the  inner  edui'S.  «('  the  two  llattish  lobes.  Dorsal  and  anal  tins  xhort, 
rounded,  eiu'li  ol'  7  or  H  rays;  caudiil  rounded.  Vertebrir  nsnully  8  and 
10.  A  riiijc  nnmeb-  about  the  pye  t'oriniug  eyelids,  rustfroutals  ,-ind  pro- 
froutaU  dellected,  to  desuribu  the  se^nieut  of  the  oirrlo,  Speciea  uumer- 
i>u8,  chielly  of  thu  tropirul  I'acilic;  distinguished  from  Spheroidet  by  the 
solid  iiiiBitl  tentiicles,  and  I'ruui  the  still  wore  closely  related  African  genuH 
Tetraodun  (Tetrtiodoii  liHealiiii,  L.)  Ity  the  furtu  of  its  frontals,  the  two 
Keucra  being  iiiiuilur  in  exterunl  ohuructers.  (ovum,  egg;  ii'Soi,  resum- 
Idani'e.) 

a.  luti'rorbllal  «p«ee  concave,  ita  widtb  uparly  twir*  e,vi>  i  dpineii  on  body  coarse ;  culor 

dork,  the  back  with  ronnd  pslo  spots;  aeveral  parallel  lungididiDiil  stmak* 

•  l>el«w  pnct«inilii.  KKHTTHIZUM,  21&S. 

an.  lulpnirbitnl  aiutcp  tlitltiah.  Hi  uidtli  IJ  limRH  nyp;  Npimx  nl«tidor;  color  yollow. 

))lni',  or  briitrii:  bark  and  belly  with  or  without  roiiiiit  ]mleH}iotM:  iiodistinrl 

(l«rk  itlruakn  bi-luv  peotorall.  BBTOSVO, >IS7. 


Jordan  and  Evennann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1730 


I 


SISB.  HVUIftES  EKETfllZOJr  (Jordnii  *  Gilbwrt). 

D.9;  A.  10.  Entire  Iwdy,  except  suoiit  uwi  caxidul  pedimcle,  thi<.kly 
b<>««t  with  lonjf,  rnbu«t,  ([iiill-liki"  epines,  wiiicli  are  lun^'ottt  aud  iuo8t 
iiiiiiiiTouii  on  lu'U.v,  ttiese  Hpiiies  sometiines  apparently  wanting,  being 
btiiifil  ill  the  ultin.  Snout  Hliuit,  ciilioid;  interorliitul  apsvce  wido,  con- 
L'Uvc,  itx  width  ^router  llniu  ImKlli  irf  ttnniit,  iiiid  iieitrly  twii'i;  diaiu»t4-r 
of  c3?e;  nastil  tiMitaole  bilid  to  the  liase,  the  inner  «tiiiiir«>  of  L'lii'h  divi»iiin 
thii'kly  covered  with  uiinutv.  I'ltp-Bhjipi'd  duprt'ssiouH,  thr  ()|>oninKii  of  the 
nuHtrilti;  li<nj;th  of  t(«nt:vcIo  \  itit  distantu  iroin  oye,  or  \  dijinu-ter  id' 
t'yt',  LVdor  dark  Ifrowu,  i-vory  wliere  iibovt*  witli  round  wliitish  spota.  must 
iiuin^roiiH  «»ii  esiihlul  pL'dtiiu'1(«,  the  lurf^eNt  \  diitnieti-r  of  pupil;  a  dark 
iirun  aroiiud  biiKo  nf  pect<ira),  boimdod  by  a  whit«  line;  lieverai  parallel 
loii((it(i<litiaL  black  HtruitkH  btdow  the  pertorals.  Si/e  large;  length  abont 
w  tout.  T'aniuna  iind  neighboring  iMlands,  njtparently  rare.  ((Tr/biron, 
tbu  jiorciipiac,  I'ruui  ifjc(JtZ<^,  to  irritntc.) 

Arvlhron  rrrCAuoM,  JoiiDAX  A  GlUiKlTl,  Pruc.  T.S.  Kitt.  Uiti.  lt<82,631,  Panama  (Type, 

No.  29*70     foil.  Frank  H.  I«ra<ll..> ) ;  .Toiida.x,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mu«.  1885. 39S. 
Trtraodon  trtlhiion,  JoBlUK  dc  Edwadub,  l.e.,m. 

ai5;.  OVOIUKS  KKTOKVS  <ltOM  SmitlD. 

Head  -1;  eye  I  in  hi^»d;  snout  'A;  interorbitnl  Hjiaro  nH>derat4.^  nearly 
Ibit,  14  tiniL'S  width  uf  orbit;  iipp«!r  prolilo  of  snuiil.  .-lUrnptly  concav*^  ut 
tip.  lt(Mly  ev»My\vhoM5  thickly  bi-wet  with  «hort,  sletnlBr,  atiff  upincH  ox- 
ufpt  around  month,  vent,  and  b.ises  of  tins;  Kpiuiili-H  marly  nnifomi,  sanii« 
rootles",  othei!*  with  2  to  5  root«,  Jilmut  71)  in  11  nnv  froiu  t-yc  to  dur«jil. 
Nostrils  each  with  a  tenta<:le,  bilid  to  tin*  lia»»\tht''  InbrA  ihittish  and  with- 
out dixtini't  u])t»niuf;.  (.'iiiid;il  NubtTiiuriitc,  ■}  longer  (bun  ]K'<liiuile;  durwnl 
and  Jiiiul  rnunded.  Coloration  cxtrtMUfly  variable;  tbi'  tyjMJ  speciniru,  as 
dt'siTtbtMl  by  Mrs.  F.if^t^iiinaun.  dark  broiru,  evorywbcrti  with  roiinilish 
white  Hpotd,  a«  tiirgo  nn  pupil  or  larger;  thoMK  spotn  larger  below,  wsilea- 
c'ing  cm  vontral  surrai'tt,  forming  vprniirnlar  markings;  spots  on  liolly 
broader  than  HpacuH  of  grouinl  c(dor,  on  buck  narrowei';  tins  with  Niiiiilar 
but  suiallrr  HpotH;  no  Htri'uk))  or  black  luarku  anywhere;  jiecturalH  and 
dorsal  white-edged;  iinat  with  a  pale  marginal  otrcak;  niont  of  IhoHc  xeeo 
in  rollei-tiuns  agrtt>  with  lliis  type.  Our  many  Hpeciuitfns  collectod  by  the 
.tlhiiin'i'i!  jit  CUiriou  Nlaiid  are,  liowi-ver,  of  varinnw  Hliadi>a  of  roh»r,  rang- 
ing from  di'op  hlfii'  to  lemon  yellow,  ami  with  thi;  Mjvots  eijnully  variable; 
Monie  Bpuriuii'oa  aiedi-pp  lilut',  imspotti'd,  m>itii:  ye  How  with  dwrk  mutt  lings 
or  ld(>t«'h(*H,  Honin  bliirkish  with  pale  btiilKli  or  whitu  spots,  clo.-iu  set  ;ind 
profuse;  slill  othRrx  an'  black  with  tlm  white  in  tho  farm  of  vtrtiticnla- 
tions  and  aii;;nl:ir  stn/ak-s.  One  wpfi-iuicu  is  pure  yidlovvtsh  white,  with 
a  black  bnrui-roHS  tliLi  pectiual  only.  The  caiiscMof  thcue  t'X('es«i\e  vsiria- 
tionn  are  unknown.  In  all,  the  iirickles  arv  slender  and  very  uanierontt. 
WcBt  coaat  (d'  Mexico,  abundant  about  the  KevtUagigedo  Islands  anil  on 
rocky  shorcij  in  the  Oulf  ot  California,  dried  gpocimetiH  being  uflon  nold 
at  La  Paz,  and  even  in  San  Kranciwo.  Length  14  inches.  Very  close  to 
the  Ea«t  Indian  species  Ovoidet  mtltayrU  (Laceptde.)    (»t'(o»M«,  bristly.) 


I14f>         Bulletin  ^7,  [//tiled  Stales  NalioneU  Museum. 


Tttrandan  trloMut,  K<jBA  Smitii  (now  lira.  KioKMuuni),  BuU.  C>L  Ac.  9cl.,  ii,  0,  Kov.  13, 
IBBO,  Mexico.     (Type,  »  dried  skin.  No.  39U0.  Miu.  C'al.  Ac.  tJcLj 

680.  COLOMBSU3,  Gill. 

LtM  BatrMhopt*,  BiBBOit,  BcTue  Zoologiqne  ISKt.  I7B  (imltaeut). 

BatraeJiopt,  HoLulRi),  £tudei  aur  lea  Gymaodonlea,  XZl.  ISST  (pnU«eiu),  aaoie  preiH- 

cupicil. 
fotoiH«4nur,  (in,!.,  rrcw.  C  S.  Nat.  Uiis.  1884,  iZ3  ipniltanti). 

Thi.H  gi»inis  18  extcraally  similar  to  Spheroitin,  >>iit  diflera  8trikin(j;ly  in 
tih<^  Htriii'tiire  of  tlut  Hkiill.  tliu  frontiil  butirs  bein<;  narrowed  iiml  excludrd 
tVoiii  tlie  orl«it.  the  postl'roiital»  being  eloiigat«d,  projected  forward  and 
ronuet'ted  witii  ttio  preTrontiklH;  Niioiit  veryobtiisi-;  dorsnl  nnil  unal  short, 
roiiudud.  NoMtriU  as  in  Spheroidet,  uu  eueh  aide  a  hollow  papilla  with 
2  opcniiifiu.  Vertebra- 8  +  1 1.  One  sperieN;  8<iiitU  American.  (uoXoi, 
del"ei-tiv«;  ftidoi,  middle;  iVoui  the  narrowed  i'rontuls  excluded  fit>ni  tlio 
orbits.) 

ttSH.  C(>La)IK.>iI>i  PKITTAl'l'S  (Blocli  Ic.  S«:}iueiilvr). 

D.  11 ;  A.  il.  Hody  whort  aud  thick,  covered  with  huiuLl,  2-ruot<'d  spinoit, 
oicoitt  oil  .-.noiit,  ;irouud  pwtoral  tin,  and  ou  caudal  pedoiulo;  some 
Bjiiui'B  l>t)hinil  dorxtil  in  iidiilt;  spiuei^  on  sidi-'s  'vvith  their  puintH  directed 
toward  the  back.  Snout  very  obtuse,  Mli)>;htly  concave  behind  li]>,  ita 
length  le!«A  thun  iutcrorbit;iI  width.  Eye  rather  lartic,  not  i  inti-rorbital 
width,  ninch  nearer  tip  ut'  aiioiit  than  gill  openitig.  Pectoral  and  caudal 
tniticate,  oiUcr  tiii.s  rounded.  HrowuL^h,  with  <«  dark  cruas  bands  uu 
hack,  the  1!  bunds  between  dorsul  and  pectoral  aotuetihieH  conllaeut, 
the  baud  behind  pectoral  and  that  tit  buuc>  of  caudal  moat  diiitiact; 
[Kictoriil  dusky  ut  base;  no  diMtinct  spots  anywhere.  IJiver  inoutbit, 
Uiiiuuii  and  uortheru  llriv/ii,  rath«r  •oiiimou:  not  known  to  descend  to  the 
ttea.  Recorded  from  the  liio  Blanco,  K8Hei|uibo,  Maranon,  and  C'apin  ut 
Fani;  alao  IVom  the  West  Indies.  (ipirruHui,  parrot,  lioiu  the  forui  of 
the  beak.) 

0>rrai-ioTi  telramlun,  Sera.  Thi-miurua,  etc.  (prn-LlniiwiU]). 

Trtroilim  fitiUariit,   Buhjii  it   ScilNElDEK,  Syst.  IcUtb..   MS,  IMI.  Malabar;    GUntiIKB, 

Cat..  VUI,  2811.  1870. 
CHtilUhthfit  atellua.  MCllek  ik  Tkobcubl  in  SobomlinrKk,  Itritinli  (iiiUna.  in.  Ml.  1M2, 

Guiana. 
OuUichlhyi iirittaeuM,  STKOrUACIIKKR,  Icli.  MiUbell,  11.  18<i].  Ul,  ])1,4,  tlf.  2. 


Family  CLXXIII.  CAM'llHiA8T12RID.E. 

(The  Sharp-nobkh  Pukkemh.) 

Thii  family  inclddes  «niiill  I'lifVers,  Hiinilar  iuextemnl  appearance  to  the 
^vlraodontithr,  but  with  th<.t  uuont  sharp  and  the  buck  more  or  lesa  com- 
pret4»ed  or  rt<lgelike.  The  skeletal  iharach-rH  by  wbnh  the  group  is 
deliued  are  thnn  given  by  l)r.  (iiU  :  .Mo^lifrotilala  Hcparated  from  the  siipra- 
occiptal    by    the   intervention   of    the  splienotios  which   are    cooueettid 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America. 

together  and  laterally  expandnd,  Ijntoliort;  the  proselhnioid  prominent 
aliovo,  enlarged  and  narrowed  fnrward.  Vi'rt«br;(i  alioiit  8+10.  Ilfivd 
compreflood,  with  a  pri>je('tiii<;,  att<>iinated  auoiit ;  dorsal  niid  anal  ebort, 
few-rayed.  Nnstriln  obBolptc,  iuiperforatti.  <Mio  geniiH,  willi  if)  »pe<-iej», 
fiiniid  in  the  tropical  seaa;  none  of  them  reaobing  a  length  r»f  more  than 
5  iDcheij. 

68i.  CANTHIGASTER.  Swiuason. 

(•anthigiuittr,  SWAIN80M,  Vat.  Hint.  FiHh«a,  ii,  IM,  1)130  (tllugnmis  ooly:  ik>  •p<v-ii>ii  nirn- 

liouwl;  r<iJ>rrii(ui  intriidodl. 
r'nloitotii;  SWAiNBM.v,  Nnl.  Ili^t.  FiHho*,  II,  32M,  1X30  {ronratus):  inlHitUuto  fur  Cantlii- 

ijiuirr;  ndl  Pnlunotut,  a  gcniio  o{  Ilymmoi/tfra  of  pri<ir  ilulo. 
/V>{<in«ru«'  (KAri>  Ms.)  Ulcil.vKtwoN,  Voyngo  llomlil,  1*2,  18&4  (rt^lraluM). 
TfniMUhfhin.  liLKEKSK.  Nat.  TyiU.  N«lerl.  Ind.,  IV,  1H54  (ratnih'ni). 
Aiiofinifi*,  I'RTEiig.  Wiri^imnn'H  An'li.  ISfiri,  374  (rmiiaCtut). 
KhynrhotHi  (BlliBON)  IIOLLAliD,  SluilBH  GytnnodutttcH,  320,  1857  [peroni). 

Cluiracters  of  the  genua  included  above,  {a  kclyQix,  spin«<;  yadrjip, 
lielty;  .SwainHoti  hi^e  as  cl.'tcwheru  takeo  xay^a  to  mean  spine,  a  usage 
without  olasnical  warrant.) 

d.  Ko  lilnck  (H*i^UnM  Imlow  Uir  ilomnl. 

6.  l'|>|ii'r  piiria  ovcryn Iiiti-  liehlnil  liriul  rovcrcil  wIIIl  rmind  pitle  ipoUj  flu*  all 

(ink'';  duraulny-RD.  I'T/Nr-IATiXBIML'S,  21S0. 

^*h.  Up|it>r  patifl  dxrk  brown  without  wIhIjaIi  HjM>t8;  raadnl  lUwayii  niarkvd  witb 

Idnck :  dorH»l  ray*  6.  bostkatco.  ZIW, 

1169.  «rANTHI«.4STKB  Pr\n' ITISSllirK  (Gflnther). 

Tl.  9.  Snont  jirodnred,  it»  njiper  jirolilc  slightly  connive;  spinca  on 
bolly  and  front  <>(  lnirk.  I'ppor  parts  ewrywhtTu  bidiiud  bead  (■overt^d 
with  r<>iin<l  «  hitisli  ,H[it)tH.  not  Iar<;t>r  thiUi  )iii])il,  and  ,scparat«d  from  each 
other  only  liy  ii  network  of  tlif  l»rovvii  ground  uolor;  tiiin  nil  unmarked, 
pale.  Length  'i  inches.  Pacilli''  coast  of  America,  (iiilf  of  California  to 
Tanaina;  not  comuion.     (j;iino<aiif«imii«,  very  muuk  Jott.«!d.) 

Tttrodon  pnnclatUtimiu,  rit'rrTHEE,  Cat.,  vin,  302,  1870,  Panama.     (OdI.  Cnpt.  Dow.) 
Trirudim  ozjfrhijnehut,  I-OTKixoTOJC,  Proo.  \v.  Nat.  Scl.  riiila.  1881.  llfl,  Qui fof  California. 
PMnnotiui punetalittimia,  JnHD.iN  >V  <;ilhkbt,  I'roc.  U.  S.  Mat.  Miu.  1882,  3TU. 
OtuMtigofttr puMtatUtimuji,  Jubdan  &  Kuwabus,  l.e.,3M. 


ai«0.  rANTUKU.STEU  ROSTBATCH  (Bloch). 

1).  6.  Snont  inoder»t<'ly  produced,  riithor  more  than  twice  tbo  concave 
intiTorhital  npaoc;  caudal  nliglitly  Innate.  Fliiily  nmooth,  except  abdo- 
men, whirl)  is  CKVertHi  with  very  HDiall,  2-rooted  sjiiiii's.  I'pper  part« 
dark  brown,  without  white;  spots;  upper  and  lower  margins  of  caudal  lin 
abruptly  black,  tlie  middle  of  the  fni  pab',  ininiaeul.'ito ;  an  irregular 
brownish  baud  or  series  of  dnts  from  pectoral  to  upjier  murgiir  of  caudal, 
oontinaoua  with  tbu  dark  band  on  the  I:itti-r;  lower  band  of  cainbil  con- 


•  PnUmotiii  in  "u  nanio  iuvaivtcd  1»t  Mfillcr.  nml  l«  inditimiiil  liv  liiio  in  \\\*  Fortwitcoug 
dvr  Myxinoidnu  uuil  lu  ArcUiv  fur  N'uturi^iicbiL'litv  nir  1841."     (Itioliardauu.) 


1742         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


tlDiied  on  Mi<l6  of  tail;  mlnlts  (according  tu  Poey)  with  fb^fittiat^olonx] 
ImndH  on  caudal  peduncle  mid  on  oliia;  dark  Btrenks  about  rye.  A  young 
Hpccimeii  before  iih,  2  inches  in  length,  front  the  Snapjier  Bunks  off  Pen- 
sucolfi,  doL-s  not  show  these  liiira.  L°]ipi<r  and  lower  <>d);o8  of  cxiidal 
Alii  i))itly  .jet-lilack,  this  color  extending  ivh  a  dark  Btripc  along  the  nu'dian 
linn  of  candiil  p«dnuc]e  oUove  and  below.  No  cross  bands  on  tail,  ifellv 
with  cunHiiiciiou!^  2-rooti-d  prickles;  anuio  prieklcH  and  grnnalatioiiH  on 
the  l>;i(k.  \\'<*t  Indies,  nortli,  in  rather  deep  water,  to  the  bauk«otI'  Pen- 
Hiii'ola;  iiIho  faiiiii]  in  the  Madi-irns  and  Beruiadua.  (roatratM,  long- 
BDUtited.) 

TftTodon  ra«(ra<««,  BtocB,  lolittiT-oIogia,  1,  pL  IM.  1782,  Indis ;  OCHTHm,  Cat..  Vttt,  303, 
1871);  OoODB,  Aiu.  Jour.  Sol.  Arts  1877,  2&0;  GOntbbr,  Shore  FUlii-n,  Cb*lletig«r.  H, 
1880. 

Tttrndun  rajnttratut,  LowK,  Pruc.  Zool.  S«o.  I^ondoik  1B3D,  90.  Madeira. 

I'rltoimtui  {Anehimmin)  caudieinehu,  ICimAnosoN,  Toya^^o  Uorold,  ISX.pl.M,  fl)i».l-3, 
1854,  liH'ftllly  nnliiionm. 

Telradvn  oniat'H,  I'OEV,  Synopsis,  433,  1«6g,  Havana;  OIIxther,  Cat.,  vtu,  ao;i,  li*7o, 

Ttlrmlun  rauilicincluM,  <!  I'ktiikr,  Cat.,  vin,  303,  li<70 ;  INiEY,  Kiiumeratiu,  73,  1875. 

CnuthujOMlrr  taudicinetui,  (JOIE,  TraUH.  Am.  I'bilon.  Soo.  1871,478. 

Cantfiiiiaiter  rutlratu*.  JottVAM  6i  KvviAiilin,  l.e.,Ht. 


Futniiv  ci.xxn-.  nionoNTiDA:.' 


(TiiK  PoKcrpisK  Fishes.) 

Body  short,  broad,  dopressed  above.  Belly  moderately  inflatable,  cov- 
ered cverywlitiro  excefit  <mi  thn  lipn  nnd  c;tn(l:i.l  pednnolc  with  8piueii, 
wbicli  uro  nsnally  ^-rooted  or  ;i-rontcd  nt  their  Uouy  base.  Candiil  pe- 
duncle short  and  sleuiliT.  Mimtb  nnuloratc,  trmiliial,  each  juw  covered 
with  ii  bony  plutc  like  the  beak  of  a  biril,  these  not  divided  by  a  median 
suture.  Nostrils  on  each  side  lorniinK  n  Hutall  tenlacb',  usually  with  2 
opeiiiu^H.  Eye  rtitlier  liirKB,  fjill  i>in'iiing  nioderiite,  innnedintcly  in  front 
of  the  pectcinil,  wliicli  is  short,  bn>ail,  »nd  roundeil.  DorKul  and  nua)  fins 
short,  siiiiilar  to  oacli  other,  rotnidod  in  form  and  pbiced  jioetoriorly, 
(jeneru  iiboiit  15;  species  15.  Sliig)j[ish  (Ishes,  living  on  the  bottom  .luouj; 
wcciIh  and  corals,  in  tropical  Boas,  When  disturbed,  they  swallow  air  and 
llottt  belly  upward  on  the  water.  Their  capiicity  of  inllatiou  is  very 
umch  less  than  thut  of  the  Telruodontulii',  from  which  family  they  difler 
chielly  in  the  strim^jer  atinaturo  and  in  having  no  diviBii>ri  in  the  bony 
jdjitc  <>f  cither  jaw.  They  are  rarely  used  uh  food,  being  generally 
regiirdcd  as  poisonous.  The  species  are  mostly  well  known  in  collections, 
the  siii^iultti-  fiirni  having  attracted  the  attention  of  triivelers  in  the  ear- 
liest times.     {Tftrodontidir,  ]iart,  Giiuther,  Cat.,  viii,  306-316.  1870,) 

a.  DemiKloasiHoatloDK  verv  iiniill,  4!&cb  Clnl^  2-runti'd,  with  a  fine  flexiblf  si>ino  or  bair 

liku  bristle.     Kiiniil  l»iitui4u«  priwuiL  TkIi'iihoioUos,  «fii 

aa.  Donna]  oa«lA>iitioMsin«>iiUy  L'-rtHitwl;  tbr  siiincaratboraleDiler,  butatiffaiitlcm'tile. 

NaiwU  toDtacle  almple,  with  2  lateral  opooin^a.  DionoM.  683 


*S«>a  ElKnamann'ii  Kcvlew  of  tlip  Genera  and  Spccioa  ot  IHodimHdte  fonod  in  American 
Kcaa,  Annala  N.  Y.  Ac.  Sci.  188S.  2BT. 


Trichodiodon,  Bi.exkeei,  AtUa  lobtb.,  (iyiuDudoiit«H,  49,  iM7  (;>il«*fM). 
I  Tnchoe^citu.  OtlNTIIIR,  Cot.,  Vltl,  31B.  18*11  terinatseuM  —  pilonit). 

Ik><ly  oblont,',  littli)  deprensed;  iiMnal  tcutiu'le  present;  ilenuiil  ossiflco- 
tionx  very  amall,  vnfh  with  a  pair  of  liiterul  routs,  ;mil  earU  lentiiuatinjr 
1(1  n  lino,  l]i>xible.  Iiriatle-like  Bpiue;  tins  ii«  iu  Diodon,  of  whiili  thi'  species 
are  potwibly  the  very  ,V'>uii)B[.     (^ifiii,  Lnir;  Diwion. 

siai.  TKiiiiniMiiimx  I'ir.nNrN  (Mluiilll). 

Till*  8p«oie»,  which  may  bi."  simply  tlie  vory  young  uT  IHodon  hy»lrir,  is 
known  fiTily  t'ruin  ju'cuitiit.s  given  by  Mitcliill,  Cuvier,  and  litiul.liyr.  It  ia 
j)iK*»ibl«  that  thes«  'i  (lestriptions  rt*fer  to  'i  diflVrent  species,  but  luuro 
likely  all  of  them  are  based  on  young  DiimIomb,  Miti'hill  says:  "Hairy 
Diodou  i,  hiodon  pilomif).  With  n  eoverinf;  of  briHtly  hair.  I>eugth  about 
on  in4:b  aiul  ahult':  breitdtb  le-^H  than  liiilf  an  inch;  divpth  nearly  a<[ii;irter; 
tiiuking  a  blutit  Iiiitjp  of  a  lish.  Is  covered  nil  over — back.  Hides,  bead, 
iiiid  belly— with  bristly  Lftir.  The  hristlus  strong  and  lluxible,  without 
the  power  to  ncrutrb  ur  to  prit-k.  Hair  about  :i]i  iM<;ht!i  of  an  iuch  iu 
loiiptb.  C'omipbixiou  dun  or  brown,  witli  upotH  ou  tbu  bai'k,  HidcB,  und 
townrd  the  bfily.  Itns,  at  first  plniipso,  the  appearjinie  of  a  yoiuij;  uiousn. 
Mouth  Hoiall,  niidwiiy,  and  horizontal.  Eyes  vertieal,  liit<'r;il,  and  hirgiL-. 
No  ventral  Hub.  I'ectoruls  briimi.  Dorniil  and  anal  very  f:ir  back,  and  no 
hair  between  tboui  und  the  tuil.  TIun  Is  Itiit  n  Miuall  proieetiQii.  from  the 
thifk  liUfl  cIuniHy  bo<ly,  and  in  te>ruiinati-d  by  a  liu  of  7  rays.  Dorsa],  anal, 
and  pe<:tor:i.l  liii«  contain  ea<  h  ubuiit  13  rays." 

Cuvier,  referring  to  Miti'liill's  ilescription,  says:  "  \Vc  podHesM  in  the 
muaeuni  a  large  itidiviilual,  more  than  -j  feet  bmg,  entirely  riivereil  and 
roughened  by  xlender  NptueH  like  the  points  of  jiins,  1  line  ofRpineH  prtiiu- 
iurnt  nearly  on  the  back  and  on  the  sides,  and  2  or  3  under  the  belly.  The 
region  of  the  mouth,  that  of  the  eyect,  the  blue  of  each  iin,  und  the  end 
of  the  tail  alone  are  deprived  of  Apiues.  The  color  of  the  Rklii  i!<  gray^ 
with  round  hr<nvu  points  scattered  all  over  it  4  or  5  linea  broad,  ^^iluilar 
spotH  are  scattered  on  the  tins,  whieh  seem  tiv  have  been  yell(iwi»<h  in 
color.  While  waiting  to  know  if  this  Diodon  is  not  the  iuliilt  of  that 
which  Mr.  Jlitchill  baa  deseribed.  1  will  name  it  JHodon  iinptv." 

Ihiiler  the  uanie  of  Trirhocgiliia  erlnitceiir  fiiiuther  describes  a  very  yonng 
example,  apparently  iif  this  sauio  typo,  as  follows:  ".laws  without  me- 
dian suture.  Itody  covered  with  very  small  dermul  ossitieatiuns,  each 
with  a  [lair  of  lateral  roots,  and  a  tine,  llesible  spine.  A  nasal  tentacle, 
Horsal  und  nanl  fiiiH  iis  in  the  allie^l  genera.  The  spines  ure  hair-like,  i  of 
an  iui'b  long  iu  an  example  1}  iuobea  luug."    Locality  iinkaowo. 


De  Kay,  in  the  Fitnnft  of  New  York,  page  326,  haa  the  following  (toavrip- 
tiou  of  DioioH  pilonun,  I'rout  a  specimeu  2  iaobes  long,  .-uscoiupaiiied  by  a 
11fj;ur©  which  «'vidtiutly  reiiri-scnts  the  youn/i  of  IHodon  hytirix :  "Body 
oblong,  <'nl)()idal.  Every  part  of  the  ourfiico  excej)!  a  niuall  spare  round 
the  niuiitb  iktid  cvi-h.  tind  another  including  the  bnse  of  the  candal  liii, 
fiirDi.Hheil  with  bristlc§;  tliuse  are  from  V^  to  A  l""gj  directed  backwitrd, 
thuii);b  probikbly  caj)alile  of  urcction  at  the  will  of  the  animal.  They  are 
Homewhitt  longer  and  murt'  cmwded  on  the  dorsal  oiid  posterior  partm  of 
the  body;  tht-y  arc  all  soft  ami  llexiblp,  snggeHting  the  idea  of  hair-tike 
proceM»e8.  Eyt>8  lar^e  :md  lateral ;  the  vpace  bt'tweon  the  orbital  margins 
deproMed,  coucave.  NoKtril8  ainj^Iu,  with  nu  obli(|uely  truncated  tabular 
orifice.  Month  teruiinal,  broad,  with  thin  uienibranacooiiH  lipa.  Jaws,  or 
rather  tho  tui>lh,  (>nding  in  an  acute  tii*  iu  front.  Branchial  oriGi-e  ear- 
(ihapod,  phtccd  iu  front  of  the  nppsT  part  of  the  ba»e  of  the  pi-ctorals. 
Tho  dorsal  slightly  anteriur  to  but  over  tho  auul,  roiindod  on  its  margin, 
higher  than  wide;  [lectoral  short  and  broad,  it«  upper  rays  longest;  anal 
All  broadband  aiuiilur  in  Nhap(<  to  tlm  dorsal;  rnmlnl  lanceolate.  Brownisli 
nbovu;  aHby  wbittt  lieneatb ;  the  pruklfs  of  a  nictaUi*'  golden  color;  on 
tht>  buck  and  along  tho  sides  Hev«>ral  oblong,  ditttaut,  b]in;liiBh-bro\vn  8pot<4. 
Length  2 iiiche.i.  I'iu  rays.  D.  12 ;  P.  20 ;  A.  11 ;  C.  "J.  This  rcniJirkable  little 
BpecioR,  which  hafi  bi-cD  o«'iaHi(mally  taken  in  the  bay  of  New  York,  was 
first  doscribed  by  Mitchill.  It  was  Rabseriuuntly  referred  by  Cuvier  (Op. 
Bnii.  cit.)  OH  the  yonng  of  a  speolt-a  which  he  names  afper,  2i  feet  long. 
It  in  probable  tliii  t  liiH  opinion  nnderwunt  some  modification  subsequent  to 
the  publication  of  that  paper;  for  in  tho  lost  edition  of  his  Kcgno  Animal 
1),  jiUosut  in  cited  aH  it  (listjuet  species." 

While  we  may  infer  that  tho  sperimens  of  Mitchill  and  De  Kay  were 
both  sujipoaod  to  I'ouif  froai  Ne\i-  York  Harbor,  it  is  not  likely  that  IHodon 
h^nlrir  wn#  exer  I'mind  in  this  locality,  and  it  ih  probable  that  the  apeci- 
niens  called  " pilngiiH"  came  from  some  wanner  region.  We  have  never 
Been  any  species  referable  to  tho  genus  Trichodioihm,  and  doubt  the  exist- 
ence of  TricliodmtoH  pilosux  oa  h  distinct  genua  or  species,     {pilotui,  hairy.) 

Diodon  jiil-mt*.  MiTCinix.  Traim.  Lll.  and  Thi).  Soc.  N.  Y.,  I.  IBIS,  471;  auppnard  to  b« 

from  New  York  Harbor ;  iiiie<:imcii  1^  incbu*  luu;;. 
Diodon  tttpT,  Ccvnitt,  M6ui.  da  Huooum,  iv,  lgl8,  no  locality;  i^wciincoi  2|  fwt  long. 
i  Trithotydut  *rinat*wi,  GOkthbb.  Cnt.,  Vll,  316,  1870,  iiulonulily^  Hpcciuivu  {iiiili  looj;. 
Trickoiioion  pUerui,  GUntuxb,  Cut.,  vtii,  Sid.  1870;  Joriian  ic  GtuiEBT.  Synajwis.  i 

683".  DIODON.  LinmeuB. 


(FuitCUI'lNE  FlSUKS.) 

DioiUm,  'LnrHJKCS,  Syat.  Xat..  E<1.  X,  33S,  1758  (kyttrix). 

ParadiedoH,  annKKn,  Atliui  loliCli.,  Gj-mnuduiitB,  58,  1807  (Aytfrtr);  nanir  a  «QlwHiiit)i 
for  IHodon,  trauHforn-il  to  unotbvr  gooiiRi  tbo  fimt  «p»<'io«  mmtionod  by  LlniiK-na 
b«<ng  Diudmt  atinga,  uliicli  win  thun-furc  tak«n  by  Ulaeker  mi  t1ii>  type. 

r  Triehodiodon,  ItLKKKEn.  Atlua  lehth.,  G.rnin..  4U,  lti67  {jiUonu;  larrat). 

t  Tritkoeyrlvt,  GUntukk,  Cat.,  vni,  310,  1870  Urinaentt;  larval). 

Body  robust,  the  belly  moderately  inllatable.    Dermal  spinea  strong, 
fttilf,  most  of  them  2-rooted  and   erectile,  a   few   3-rooted  and  therefore 


Jordan  and  Evennann.—Fislies  of  North  America.     1745 


immovftble;  botb  jaws  entire;  nasnl  tnbo  simi'le,  M-itli  2  liiteral  oi>on. 
iiigs,  rei'turalii  broiu],  their  raargiii  luidubUc,  the  ii|i|mr  lo)>e  loii^^cHt; 
vertical  titiK  roiiiub'rl,  tbu  ilorsul  niul  iinal  sliort,  posU^riotly  insertiMl,  uim- 
ilar  to  each  otiier.  Troiiical  seae ;  the  tew  speciea  very  widely  diatribntod. 
(d^S,  two;  o()oi>;,  tooth.} 

<i.  Spioes  tei«tr. 

t.  Fnmlal  Kpines  not  as  long  u  poel-prctornl  npiiM's  (in  ndiilt«  not  \  as 
loug,  alKiiit  An  long  na  eye);  priidurmil  N|illic*ti  vrr.v  Rlinrt.  3'rcMfle4l,  Hxed  Or 
nearly  ■!>!  '.M  spines  lu  u  snriea  between  Huutit  aiiiI  donuil;  )uwt-iKH:t«ral 
RpiniMi  vrry  mmli  elt>ii);«l«,  eapi-ciiiUy  in  llii'  luliilt,  (Imrtvr  In  thuyonng; 
dornul  riiyx  15:  nniU  IS;  up|>er  lolw  or  ]HH-t(>ral  litllB  longtir  thiin  lower. 
Ailiill  alxivp  ov«(rywlicr<<  covered  wtth  round  Ul«ck  «pata,  tluAC  UrgMt  in 
front  of  liorKal,  smallest  on  nahoil  iirra  alniiit  month;  white  Iwlow;  liUH  pro- 
fQa«ly  iip«tt«d  with  black;  young  nitli  fpwt-r  apol*,  bat  never  witli  largo 
blritcliua.  IIVHTKIX,  2182, 

hb.  Frontal  apines  long,  ninally  longer  than  post-pectoral  spines,  about  twi««  m 

long  IB  eye  in  ndult ;  prMlorsal  spiniis  nut  HborU^neil,  3roatcd.  erectile-,  U 

tu  17  Mpincs  in  »  series  between  aiiuut  ami  ilorivid:  po«c-p«i-tond  tpiucs  not 

espei'laily  eloiigntc,  their  deTolopnibnt  viirliiiilr;  doraidmyAiiaually  12;  aual 

12;  pi'Otomi  kruailor  than  long,  its  up|<«<r  lolx*  polritotl,  lower  lobe  rnuuded. 

Body  marked  with  lilark  aiHitH  aud  blotclu-H  irregular  in  aire,  axnally  a 

broad  bl8('k  bar  from  eye  to  eye,  loutiniieil  IkOow  eye  as  a  narrow  bar; 

a  broad  bar  wroaa  i>c<:ipiit;  a  black  bloU-b  alHire  enrh  pectoral;  a  alwrt  bar 

In  front  of  durKol :  nnotber  iu  which  the  dnrHai  la  inserted ;  a  blotch  livbiud 

pvclurul,  und  niiiuy  aiiiull  apota  iisd  blulchua  un  upper  parta;  Una  with  few 

apotn,  uaiinlly  nnninrkeil  iu  Ibc  yciuuK-  >i(>i,A<'A.'vriii'i»,  21(3, 

"  Spinoa  c4>ioprt.-8M>d  laterally,  abort ;  1^  spine*  in  a  serien  belwcen  anoiit  and  doraol j 

upper  ports  covL-iud  with  round  apota,  Uiuso  about  pectorals  sunictimoa  con- 

Huea  t  into  a  blutcU ;  tliu  iuimaoulatc."  Macvlifkb,  SIM. 


r 


310S.  DIODOV  HVNTKIX,  Liniueus. 

(PouctPLNE-risii;  Erizo;  Pvebco  Esriuo.j 

Head  3;  depth  3^.  \).  VA  to  15;  A.  13  to  15.  Spiiieit  Htruag,  diluted  at 
base,  with  a  pair  of  biiHal  gruove(»;  frciutal  Kpiiieu  not  as  long  aa  post- 
pectoral  spines  (^iii  iidults  not  \  n«  lon^,  iiliont  \in  long  08  eye);  poot- 
pectoritl  B])in«-i4  longer  tbau  any  others,  ea|)i^ciiilly  iu  the  ndalt,  uaiially 
a1>uDt  ;i.>4  ]<>ti)j  u.*  p^■ctt^ral  lln,  those  of  the  pust^rior  part  of  bank  skiid 
tail  short  and  broad,  S-rootpd,  stnd  thpreforu  uot  erectile ;  predorsal  xpiuea 
very  short,  a-rooted,  lixed  or  iie;irly  so;  al>out  211  Bpines  in  iv  Bcriea 
between  »ui»it  and  dorsiil;  upper  lobe  "f  pt'ctorul  litth'  lonijer  than 
lower;  iipprr  smd  lowrr  part  of  tail  with  2  or  3  pairs  of  3-rooled,  iin- 
niovable,  recuiubeiit  BpiiieH,  Adult  :ibove  *iverywliere  covered  with  small 
round  blnek  s]Mit>,  these  larjjest  in  front  of  dor.ial,  Biiialle«<t  on  nakcfl 
urea  about  mouth  :  whitr  below  ;  linst  »!i  more  or  let).-*  npottcd  ld  the  adiilt, 
nearly  pliiiii  iu  the  youiij;.  Leugth  alwut  S  feet.  Tiopical  at'.u.'^;  «vnry- 
whore  [■ouiuioii ;  north  to  Lower  California,  Florida,  and  tlie  Hawaiiiiu 
LiIaudR:  nbnndant  in  otdlections,  being  Btnfl'ed  and  dried  as  aoariottity; 
not  used  as  food,     (hyglrir,  the  porcupine.) 

OrHi  rehinatuM,  RoNliKlJKT,  Do  Piacibua,  324.  165>t,  Northern  Ocean. 
fruoMajaeu  ijuara,  MAticoitAVS.  Hint.  Nat.  lira*..  LU.  1M8.  Braxil. 
CMronen  eonieo  oi)Um(fu$,  Aiireoi,  Ueaora.  60,  ^u.  10, 1T38. 


1746         Bulletin  /7,  United  States  Natitmal  Museum. 


Kritn,  Pakjul  D«ic.  I)if.  PlpM*  Hint.  K»t.  Ctih*,  SO.  pL  29.  H«.  I.  1787.  Havsna. 

i>Ki(iftii  Ay«trur.  L1NK.1EUS.  Syac.  Nat.,  K<l.  x,  :i3S,  I75ti,  India:  aflrr  AHTStil:  GOuthib, 
C»t.,  VIII,  :M)6,  IKTU:  Jijbuan  Sl.  liiLHEKT.  Syua|>aiii,  8£t,  1883;  .li>U01»  ii  BCTTCa,  Pmc. 
Ac.Nal.  Sci.  I'hlla.  IKI7,  VM).  nod  i.f  write™  gcm'rally. 

Diodoti  atiiuia,  BuxH,  Uliih.,  iv.  Tt.  |il.  125,  17«7:  not  of  Lnrx.ers. 

Le  Diodoii  iT'i.i'MiKH)  LAcKi-kDE,  Hint.  Nat.  PoU*.,  U,  1  and  10,  pi.  3,  rtg.  i.  1T»8,  Martin- 
ique; nil  a  druwiiig  by  I'l.rMrrii. 

Ihoilmi  firackiatiu,  Buxa  &:  ScHKEmEB,  SyaU  Icbtli.,  Sin,  IWl,  Cuba;  after  Paiaa,  |>l. 
211,  tii;.  1. 

Dind/iii  punetatuji,  t.ViriER,  M6in.  Mils.  UiHt.  Nat.,  nr,  t.13,  1818,  no  |n«alit.r 

IHiidmi  rr/iiiiiM  <I{AFI.NKS>vl'E)  BiiNAPAIiTE.  Cat.  Met.  Pioc.  £ur.,  87,  1846,  Mediterraneao 
Sea ,  iicciilt'tital. 

tlHodvti  lyinotiuimu*.  Gl'.tTiisit,  Cai.,  viii,  W7,  1870. 


aim.  ItlODON  nOLACiJITHrS,  Llmmus. 

D.  12;  A.  12.  Vi-ry  »iiiiiliirto  IHi^ihn  hijulnx,  Imtwith  tlio  frontal  t*pin(>« 
n8iiall\  lougiT  than  tin-  e]iiue8  luliind  the  iioctoriilB,  itbout  twice  tui  loug 
KB  eye.  I'ri'durBul  Hpiiics  nut  nbortened,  'Z-tooU-A,  erectile;  abont  14  to 
17  spiueH  in  a  Hcries  liotwccu  minut  uml  ilorsAl:  |ioBt-pectoraI  spines  not 
cspo'iiilly  ekm^jiite,  ligt  iiii)vabl<>;  pi'ctorjtl  broader  than  long,  upper  lobe 
piiiiitcd,  lower  tabo  rounded.  Colunition  mndi  its  in  lHodon  hifntrir,  but 
moTc,  vuriabb-,  tlie  spots  tVwer  uiid  liirj;er;  nsiially  a  broad  black  bar  i'rom 
ryi:  to  eye,  ooutiiiuud  below  evii  an  ii  narrow  bur;  a  liroad  bar  ai'ross  oec-i- 
put.;  si  lilaek  blotirli  above  each  pectoral;  :i  abort  bar  iu  front  of  dornAl; 
auuther  iu  wliicli  tlin  dorsiil  m  inwrtod;  n  blotch  behind  the  pfctoral,  and 
many  811111II  H|icit8  and  blotchi-ti  on  the  uppur  ]<artti;  fins  with  fow  spotti, 
mostly  imiiiiii'iilali'  in  theyouii^.  In  nil  warm  iumih,  north  to  the  Fbirida 
Ki'yH,  I.ovver  CalilViriiia,  and  the  lliiwaiiitn  Islands,  its  rangf  roiriciding 
with  that  of  Modoii  hiixtrix,  from  wliiuh  it  may  prove  to  lie  not  distinct. 
An  exiiiiiple  b<':loro  us  is  fnitn  La  Pii/..  The  di.stinctioOH  are  generally  evi- 
dent ill  the  ttduit,  but  youn};  sjweiiHous  apparently  iuteniiediate  are  oft«u 
round.  I'oasibly  the  two  are  dillereut  aesua  of  the  same  species.  Length 
I  tu  L'  feet.  None  Keen  by  us  of  an  large  aiius  oa  the  largest  kyatrix.  (6\6{, 
wholly;  a xttrOa,  spine,) 

Oitra<Uyn  nblongiu  holaeanthiu,  AXTBOi,  Gcmora,  BO, No.  20,  \Tt9 

Crafiraeiwn,  .Vo*.  u  and  i',  KlflN.  ItlHlurla  Pisr,,  10  nail  2u,  pi.  ;i,  tig.  0, 1740. 

Dutdon  holocanlltui,  LiyHMVa,  .S)»l.  Nat..  Eil.  X.  X!!>,  1T88,  India;  based  <in  Abtkdi  ;  nila- 

print  I'ur  hvlaciiitlhiiii. 
Erizo  Uuanabaiin,  Pakka,  SeKC.  Dil'.  PicEaa  Hist.  Nut.  Cubu.  6-J.  pi.  29,  llg.  2, 1787,  HavatuL 
I^  Dii'itou  tiifhelj;  l,ACi:vhi<K,  llist.  Nut.  IVisn.,  II,  1.3, 1708,  New  Cytherea. 
IHodim  lilnrtitMH,  SBaM',  (ii-n.  Zch'II.,  v.  pi.  2.  4ua,  1804;  nPtcr  IHodon  laehtU,  LArl^l>£DK. 
tHvdon  tpinotriniiHtit.  rrviER,  JK'-m.MuM,,  iv,  t.t4.  1818:  IKI  Inrolity. 
IHndnn  nntemmncMlalni,  ("fviRB.  Mi'tn.  Mim,  Hint.  Nat.,  iv,  VM,  pi.  0, 1818,  p»  iwallly. 
UindontfxmaeHlatut.t'vM^a.Ufiu.  Hub.  Hist.  Nat.,  IV.  130,  pi.  7, 1818.  uii   locality;   (iOa- 

THKIi,  FIsb.  Centr.  Am.,  3'.«,  1889. 
Diodcn  tniiUimatulalut,  Ci'ViKii,  Mem.  MuB.  Hist.  Nat.,  rv,  138, 1818,  nil  Iwality. 
Dinil'm  'luadrimtimlolnt,  Ct'ViKB.  Mini.  Muh.  Ui«t.  Knt.,  iv,  137,  pi. B,  1818,  Otaitl. 
Oiuilun  Melanvfitit,  Kaip,  Wii-niimnii'ii  Areliiv  1S55.  !K8. 

Pariiiliodon  tjundriiiiaculntvit,  lii.EEKKR.  Atl.  hlitli..  Oymuod.,  pi. 8.  tig.  2, 1886. 
Diotlon  maculatiu.  var.  u,  frl'KTHSR,  Cut..  Vlil,  a»7, 1870;  IiiimmI  iin  IHodan  i{\ehHr  til'  Lao*- 

vi.nK;  St.  Croix;  Jamaica;  Panama;  South  America ;  Hawaiian  Islands;  China; 

SoolooSea;  Indian  Ocean. 
Dtuilt))^  iiianilatui.  JubijAN  &  (ilLHBKT.  PtocC.  S.  Nat.  Uus.  UMKI,  7U  and  463;  JoAuaH, 

I'nK.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  I'blla.  1884, 4«. 


9164.  niOnON  aiCtaiFKH.  Kunp. 

Spines  riitber  Hliort,  Kt.iou<;,  i't)iii:irli!i!>ly  tluttriueit,  ami  compreaaod  trann- 
verael.v.  Upper  purt  ol'  tail  witliinit  oBBiliciitioiiB,  Imt  ii  piiir  of  Mpiiu;« 
lyiiij;  iilongsido  their  rout  on  aide  of  ilorHal  tin  ;  luota  of  spines  Htroii);  and 
long.  Abviit  15  trausvereo  serieit  of  ttpigiftt  between  Hnoiit  iiiui  doranl  Jin. 
('jiper  part  of  hwwl  and  body  witli  round  Idiw-k  g)>ot«,  eaoh  of  aituut  the  hizb 
of  t,b«<  pupil  of  th<>  eye;  8oriiotinie«)  the  spots  nbove  or  near  tlie  fioctorjil 
ronrlnent  into  n  l>totrh.  Hiis  nail  abdomen  inrinariilnto.  Iji'njLrtli  !0  iiivh<'«. 
(tiiintlier.)  ('iijic  id"  liuod  Kujie.  A  KpuriiuiMi  recorded  by  (JiHitbiT  from 
Culta.  This  \u  }terbjvp»  fui  error,  an  neither  I'ooy  nor  any  other  Americun 
writer  haa  noticed  Hpc'i-iint^iix  in  tb*'  West  IndieN.  The  S]>ecic8  in  unknown 
to  tia,     {niantla,  Rjiot;  fero,  1  bear.) 

f>u>i('>«  mitculi/rr,  Kai'I-,  Wicgniuiiii'a  Arrlilv  lS&!i,  LI'S,  Cape  of  Qood  Hope;  OUjrruEK, 
Ckt.,  vni,  309,  187U. 

684.  CHILOMYCTERUS,  Mibron. 
(UbllH-FISHK.S.) 

ChOomftetertu,  Bmiio:(,  Id  BcirD(<ril1e,  Rdvnv  Zooliigiqne,  40,  1840  {r*tirMtatvn=  tiffinut). 
ChUomtifUnii,  KAri-,  Wiegm.  Arrhlv  1H47,  UM  {aitlmnaUu). 
OvcUthUiy:  Kait,  WloKtii.  Archiv  1855,  Zll  iorhituUrii) . 
V\lunUhthy».  KaoI',  Wickiii.  Arehiv  1855,  2'tl  [carulm*}. 

IXvdim,  ISlkkkkr,  Atl.  Ic)il)i.,lt>iiiu<>il.,  6&,  ISBTi  {aHiit)a),  tbc  (iTHt  aiwrira  Tnentlmiixl  liy 
LiuDH'iim;  not  Diodon,  u«  niirliir  rtMilriet>'<l  by  Kaiip  to  Diniion  hf/ilriz. 

Itixly  brostd,  depressed,  lutHlenitely  inflatable.  Dermnl  apineit  Abort, 
Htotit,  ini movable,  triangular,  encdi  with  '.i  roat«;  nattul  tube  Hiinple. 
with  -  l;it(*r:il  openings;  tlio  tube  M>ii]oliiiie»i  rounded,  8uiiietiiiii'8  Ibit- 
tened,  :iiul  with  the  partition  feeble  and  easily  torn  «o  that  the  tentatde 
iippeura  divided;  ciiudnl  iiednuclo  short;  iin«  eniiill.  formed  :ih  in  Diodati; 
jaws  witliont  iiiediati  Hutiiri',  Sjierie*  nntutTwns,  «>f  munller  size  than 
those  of  Dioduii,  tlin  spint's  broader  nuil  hjwei-.  their  ba.neH  forniin;:  a  coat 
ofniail.  (^ff/Ao?,  lip;  /ii'Hrt/f),  tio8e.  '•  Nnrines  iion  rlosesau  fiouiniet.  niais 
•'hiii'iiiie  ayant  rnpprtrent'O  de  deux  li'vres,  ou  foru<!«  de  deux  teutacnleu 
r^iiniD  a  la  buKe.'') 

Ctei.lcjrrHTS  (junAo-t,  rmiiiel ;  in*u<.  Huh) : 
a,  NiwiU  li-ntju'le  Biilicf  liiiilrinil.  nol.  iliviile<l. 

b.  Pine  niii<p<>lt«d;  i>iipraiirl>ital  npiriH  2.  iritb  geotraUy  a  tentacle  between  Utein; 
11  Apiue  iu  miilillu  of  fureliuatl. 
e.  Siiporcilinrj-  wlyc  ral«t<l. 

d.  UpjMir  |HU-ti<  grefiiiliili  bliiclc,  iritli  a  Mrin*  of  nnibilatine  blncklali  utripnt 
TiuiDlDfT  from  ii«ji<>  backward;  a  himibir  siTii'ii  lifiwt'i'ii  I'ves  nml 
acroHS  fiit*<i ;  lui  oci-llHlfMl  lilnrk  itpot  iiIkivo  paolifrnl ;  11  Inrj^pr  imp  Itn- 
liiiii]  jwvtoral :  itii  ocolluti^il  npot  on  focb  fliilo  uf  dnrrtul,  anil  an  flnn- 
gnteil  npot  Iwliinil  t^tcli  of  tlie  ventral  aDl<iunii>,  si'Ikki-fi,  2165. 

dd.  ITjiptT  parts  plain,  witboot  avrie^  of  lines:  iipota  aa  lu  *rhitrpfl. 

8l>lN0»Vs,  31(16. 
ddd.  Upper  pnrtM  cuvfereil  with  blaek.heitagoiiBl  D'tlcolatjoua. 

AjfraLAHrx,  2107. 

«C.  Siiiiercihar}' edge  not  nklsoil;  iipp<-r  partn  nitb  nnraerona  bini'k  iluta,  aamn 

with  bUiish  r<>nlersi  a  bliivk  *|Hit  in  midilli'  of  ut(]ii.>:  a  Inrgo  kittnvj- 

Hlia)>oil  Mimt  aliovi<  pot'toml.  .inil  11  aiilitriantiilar  blotrh  iMtforo  uDil  alonK 

buai>  of  iloraul  tin;  n  aerii'B  of  autenDO.'  aluug  lower  part  of  Hiilir, 

ANTENNA1US,  l/lCg. 


1748         Bulletin  47 y  United  States  National  Muuum. 


CHitoMTonaim : 

a».  Kwal  tvnUcle  rtAttenwi.  dirldad ;  Aim  ipottod  with  black ;  ■opnoriiitel  •tune*  3, 

fecblci  i  nuuc  on  fureliead. 

>.  SapranuloT  cimiii  wrll  dOTeloped:   app^r  parU  densely  corrrerl  with  •ouU. 

rauod.  bUckiih  itiioM :  a  targr  hljirk  blotvli  before  and  aroand  dorsal ;  uotbrr 

un  carh  aide  aboTr>  {^11  upening:  and  {lectoral.  apiaes  abort,  coapraaaed  as- 

Icrior  root  flat,  lone«r  than  tlio  utbera.  ATTXtJA,  219 

M.  Snpmociilar  cirnia   wanting:  upper  porta  with  abort,  dark  atretika  or  bar*, 

becoming  blolcbc-s  on  tbe  aides.  CAurounKNUB.  3IT0 

SubECnua  CYCLICHTHYS.  Eaap. 


SIM.  CBTLOMTCTRIICK  SfHIEPFI  (Walbanni). 

<CoMMoi>  Bt.-itft-rtBa:  BABBtT-rtSR ;  Switl^Toati;  HWKUjriaa.) 

ncad  2\\  ilepth  3.  I'.  12;  A.  10.  Hwly  a  littU-  broiuler  than  de^'p  at 
gill  opi'nlnjj;!*;  interoeularepaee  broad,  concnve;  eye«  l:ir{ru,  lateral,  nearly 
•«  long  on  snont,  each  with  a  I'iiniB  above  it,  longer  than  pnpil ;  gill  open- 
ing about  as  wide  as  eye,  opposiite  tipper  auterior  part  of  pectoral.     About 

9  apinos  bi'twe«u  eye  and  tail,  tlieir  height  equaling  diiiinoter  of  pnpil; 
•pinea  on  belly  inuch  Btuuller,  partly  emliedded.  in  skin;  some  of  the  poa- 
terioi  with  cirri;  spines  on  raudal  peduncle;  anterior  root  of  earh  spine 
littlu  if  any  l.-trger  than  othera.  Peotornl  lin  deeper  than  long,  the  luargio 
iindiiluto,  the  upper  Inlii'  longest.  Oreeiiish;  belly  pale;  a  round,  black. 
ocellntcd  spot  iitmve  pectrtrjils,  not  ft«  large  as  eye,  a  larger  one  behiiid 
pectorals,  another  al  liawe  of  dorsitl,  with  aHmiiller  one  below  it;  back  and 
sides  with  p.-irallel  blaek  ]itri]u'K  of  iiuifdnii  width,  about  as  wide  as  the 
interspaceH,  tlioue  on  the  back  riiniiiug  loiigitiidiunlly,  tho.'>e  on  sides 
obliquely  downward  and  backnurd,  tliofno  on  front  of  heiul  rnnning  cross- 
vise,  a  dark  b:ir  at  base  nf  dorsiil;  belly  pale  in  the  iidiilt,  oft«n  black 
in  tbe  young:  other  fioH  pbiin.  Length  6  to  10  inches.  Cape  Coil  to 
Florida;  very  abiiridiiut  soutliwiird  in  xhalluw  water;  especially  numer- 
ous on  the  connt  of  tliu  Carcilin.'is  and  Florida.  1'he  body  is  capable 
of  considerable  tiilt:iti<>ii,  but  less  than  i«  the  case  ^ith  the  Tetrnodonts. 
''Tliis  species  is  readily  recoguizeil  by  the  dark  and  light  linos  of  the 
upper  parts.  The  lines  are  parallel  and  meet  toward  the  back.  A  retic- 
ulation is  sometiiiiea  formed  when  these  lines  meet  on  the  anterior  part  of 
the  bock.  Ill  the  young  there  teem  to  be  more  lines  than  in  the  idd.  Two 
spu'cinieiia  examined,  3  inches  long,  have  17  lines  between  the  pectorals;  a 
speciiiien  ."  inches  long  has  10  lines;  and  the  largeHt  specimen  examined, 

10  inches  long,  has  12  lines."  (Kigenmunn.)  (Niimed  for  its  discoverer, 
Dr.  JiiUaiiii  David  Schopf,  noted  us  a  botiinieal  collector.) 

771^-  ToaJJlMh,  Scii'jpr,  "Schril'lun  Berlin  LiewtlUcli.  Naturf.  Froondo,  vii,  I&2, 1768,  '  Lrfing 

laland. 
IHadim.  Mha'p/l.WAt^xvil,  Artedi  Piae.,  001 .  1703.  Lone  Island ;  after  SciiOpr. 
t  IHodnn  mrtilini.  WAi.M.\fM,  .^rti^li  IMac.  802, 1792,  no  localit.r. 
Diodon  gromrtricu*.  var.  iinmtui.  Blocu  A:  SciiNKIDKR,  S.vit.  Icbth.,  S13. 1801.  New  York  -, 

after  ScHiipr. 
THodvn  inatulotlriadu,  Uitthiu.,  Flab.  N.  T.,  470,  pi.  50,  fl|C.  3, 1814,  New  York. 
Diodon  rimiltilVM,  Cuvicn.  Mi-m.  Moa.  lllat.  Nat.,  rv,  12t.  pi.  6,  1818,  New  York ;  aftor 

Ummiu. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1749 


Dioduli  »itjrt,l\neatuM,  Anuu.  JtosL  Sotuu.  Xat.  HiaL,  IT,  1842,  08,  Brook  Raven,  Long 

Island. 
Diotlon  Jiiliginotvt,  Vk  Kay,  N.  Y. ITaiuia :  Fisliea,  324,  |iL  X>,  ttg.  181.  1842,  New  York; 

yoiinK. 
DiodoH  rerrucum.  Dl  Kat.  N.  T.  Fnnna:  Fiabuci,  3?S.  pi.  ofi.  Bg.  IM,  1H42.  New  York; 

yoiiDg, 
('hiiomycltrut  guimrtritiiu,  Kacp,  Wiegm.  ArcblT  1847,  var.  a  and  ft;  QOntheb,  Cat-,viii, 

Sin.  I8TU:  G(K)1>K,  Pror.  V.  S.  Nsl.  Mus.  18T9,  108:  JoUDAM  &.  GOSWIT,  SfHoiMis,  883, 

)Mi;  uol  Vittdon  gtuinetrieMt.'QioCH  &  SciLVBlutK. 


Sine.  IHlLOJIlilTKBrS  SPIXOSrS  (Uniin-iu). 

This  ipecicB,  lUK'ordiDg  tu  Gtintlier,  dilfern  from  Chilomiielerwi  tchapji 
only  ID  ttiu  riiloratioD,  the  dark  lines  on  th»  back  beiuK  iiliKent.  We  hari; 
•een  no  speciiucuB  of  it  and  dr>  not  kiiuw  whether  it  is  a  distinct  apeoiea 
or  uot.  In  i-tiMc  the  two  B]i«vieH  arc  idcati<'al  the  uaiiii-  Hjniioitua  h&n  priority- 
West  Indte»  mid  coast  of  Brazil;  not  seen  liy  im.     (jtpinotH*,  spiuous.) 

(riiq luaiiuii  aliniia,  Mabcuhave,  HlaU  liraxil.,  188, 1048,  Braxll. 

Orbiw  murieahi^,  Itana  riclu  Cruantaiatm  J finya,  WiULfoHBr,  Hlit«Ha  PliH-fiiin.  14.V  ISWt, 

Bracil ;  deHcrititiuu  copied  from  Uakcouavs,  but  Willi  a  new  figure  rviirfu-uliiig  CVitto- 

myelrnu  teKatpfi. 
A.tinga  alter  minor  orbieularii,  LtSTEB,  Willughby,  Hiat.  Piao.,  IS.1, 1880. 
Ouamaiaeu  alittga.  MARCiOAVs,  Hiitt.Nal.,  1118. 1&48,  "in  mari." 
OHracxon  tvbrotumlv  rrntre  ylabro.  ARTsni.  Gen.  69,  >'ii.  15,  1738. 
IHodon  >tnnvru4,  Iaks.kvs,  Syat.  Nat.,  Ed.  x,33f>,  1768,  India  ;  bniK'd  on  Amtbol 
Le  IHotUm  orbe,  LkciivkOK,  Iliiit.  Nat.  I'oiaa..  ii,  18, 1798,  Rio  Janeiro. 
D(»don  gtometrictm.  RliiCII  &  SCH.NEIDEH,  Ichtb.,  513,  pi.  9C,  IHCl,  America. 
Cyeliehthy  etmulv.  KAUr,  Wlcgm.  Archiv  18&S,  231,  Bahia. 
ChiUnuiffttrui  j^eoiiKfrieiM,  rar.  y,  GCntueb,  Cat.,  311,  1870;  tyiw  uf  CytlitMhtfii  cvmuMu, 

Kaup. 


Sl«7.  t-HltiOXrCTKKFM  AKTILLABUM,  Junlan  &  Uattor. 

AIliLil  t<i  i'hihtmfiHifun  sclMpJi,  ditlVriiig  iu  haviug  tho  whole  lnwly  cov- 
i-red  wttb  hiix-k  he\:iigoi)ik1  retirnlaiion.s  iiit^toad  of  paruUid  linea.  .Supra- 
orbital spines  2,  1  frontnl  fl))iiie,  :i  Aingle  spine  liehiw  and  iu  front  of  oye, 
2  hotwouu  oye  and  Kill  opoulut;;  intcrorbitul  Hpiiuo  deeply  coui-ave;  a 
trauBriTse  Hurie.H  of  cirri  on  chin,  and  nearly  all  of  the  spiuea  along  tho 
luargin  vf  the  1>«>IIy  have  cirri,  but  th«re  \»  none  above  the  eyeH.  8pini^8 
Mtiurt  and  Hat.  Color  in  akolioi,  above,  i'bi*«tiiiit  brown,  ]taler  on  BJdog, 
yellowish  hohiw,  tlie  body  evorywhoro  covored  with  retieiilutiug  black 
lilies  incloHJiig  nioro  or  Icsn  nearly  hoxagonal  arcoa  somewhat  ainaller  thtiii 
th<«  ptipil ;  on  the  belly  the  liup»  beoooie  benvior,  so  that  Poey'e  character  uf 
"orange  spots  in  a  dark  liackgronnd  "  ta  not  far  wrong;  an  ocellated 
black  spot  aliont  the  sizr  of  tlie  eye  above  tbo  pectornl,  .inother  bohiud  it, 
and  I  oil  eai-h  aiil«'  of  the  dorsal;  a  blank  Idotuh  on  chiu  in  front  of  tho 
row  of  rtm  and  anotbei'  at  ea<3h  t'nd.  Cnba  and  ,luinaiL'a.  H<?re  descrilied 
from  »iiecimpnt)  taken  at  Kingntou,     {(iiitillaium,  of  the  Autilles.) 

Chilami/etcrut /iili^Hoivt  an  Kperioa  dnbiu  (  ToKT,  SynopaU  Pear. Cuba,  429, 186M,  Havana. 
OhilomycltrMS  anlillarum,  .JoRDAX  ii  KuTTKU,  Proe.  Ac.  Xat.  8ci.  PhlU.  1897, 131,  Jamaica. 
<Typ«,  Ku.  5060,  L.  S.  Jr.  Univ.  Una.  CuU.  Bev.  J.  8.  Boberta. » 


k 


1750  Bulletin  4.7,  United  States  Natiotial  Museutn. 


i\e».  CHILOXVCTEBrS  AXTEXXATIS  <Cuvier). 

Spin<-H  stronf;,  but  Hhort;  2  above  the  orbit,  1  more  or  leas  prominent 
ill  the  mi<Idlf  of  the  fon-ht-ail.  Siip<>r<-ilinry  fd;;e  not  raiHed;  generally  a 
tK'iitacle  lictwffii  thf  Mi[>er('illai'y  spines.  TeiitacleH  alon^  lower  part  of 
Hide,  1  oil  eat'h  Nide  and  in  aclvuiico  of  anal  liii  living  especiaUy  devel- 
op<'d.  Tail  (tpinclosM,  but  th<-  roots  of  1  pair  of  spiiios  reaching  across 
behind  dorsal  lin.  A  black  spot  in  middle  of  nape ;  a  large  kidney-nhaped 
spot  above  pM-toral,  and  a  siibtriangular  blotch  before  and  along  baxo  of 
dontal  lin;  generally  a  Hiiiall  black  spot  below  eye;  some  or  all  of  theoe 
spot)*  edged  with  lighter;  npper  and  lateral  parts  with  nunierout  bla<-k 
dotH,  s<iine  with  a  bluish  pnpil;  abdomen  brown;  fiiin  unspotted.  Length 
8  inches.  West  Indies  and  southward;  recorded  from  St.  Croix,  Jamaica, 
Porto  Rico,  and  tht;  Cape  of  (Jood  Hope.  Not  seen  by  us.  (antcMtiafiM, 
having  feelers. ) 

IHodon  aitteiinatut.  Ol'ViEii,  Mrin.  Miw.,  iv,  131,  jil.  7, 1818. 

ChUomijctenig  jnineticulatvt,  PoEY,  Anal.  Iliat.  Nat..  346, 18^1,  Porto  Rico. 

ChilomycUrut  anttnnatu$,  Kacx-,  Wieiim.  Arcbiv  18J5, 23'J;  UCntuek,  Cat.,viil,  311,  1870. 


.SiibgMiiiH  CHILOMYCTERUS. 
31UU.  ClliLOMVCTKKrS  ATlXiA  (Liuna>us). 

(.Vn.MiA.) 

Head  2ii ;  depth  2?.  1).  12  or  13;  A.  12  or  13;  P.  12;  C.  10.  Spines  very 
short,  coin]ires.>(ed,  with  long,  .strong,  Hut,  ridged  roots,  the  anterior  root 
thi!  longest;  supraocular  cirrus  well  devclojicd.  Forehead  Hat,  without 
spine.  Three  feebltt  supraorbital  spines,  the  inner  root  of  the  foreuio.>>t 
overlapping  irontiil  bones.  Nostrils  in  front  of  orbit,  (icnerally  2  osseous 
stripes  acroHH  back  of  tail,  behind  dorsal  lin ;  abdominal  ossifications  nearly 
as  much  developed  as  those  on  back:  8  in  a  longitudinal  serii's  nearest  to 
median  line  of  back,  liody  and  tins  mostly  covered  with  small  round 
black  spots;  a  large  black  blotch  before  and  around  <lorsal;  another  on 
each  side  above  gill  opening  and  pectoral;  spots  of  the  back  more  or  less 
ocellated,  uiid  of  the  si/e  of  the  ]>n]iil;  tho.se  of  the  tins  mucli  siiiull<-r. 
West  Indies,  north  to  Jienuuda  and  Florida  Keys,  comnum  southward; 
readily  known  by  the  spotted  tins,  (atinya,  a  Portuguese  name  of  the 
species  in  lira/il.) 

Orbiii  invriealiii et  rrliculixtuK,  Listkh,  in  \Villu;;b1>.v,  llisturiii  Pisrium,  15.i,  pi.  I.  >Jo.7,  lair. 
lOHfi,  no  locality. 

Ostracion  rul>rotun<his  acnl'U  ntidi-jue  lirtfiiivi  tri'/uetrii  lurix,  .\i(tki>i.  (ioiiera,  59,  1738. 
ilcscriptiun  from  a  Hiii-oinit-n  seen  in  the  ( iniu  DniK""  ut  Stcpnev,  iiresiiniably  of  thin 
H]i«<:ies,  aa  Ll.sTEU  is  >|iiiite<l  in  the  .•*yii"iiyni.v.  .ami  his  iij;iire  is  characteristic. 

OtIraHon  bidfnf  tiilKerictit  nciileit  vndi'/iif  ilmxis  Irhimtrit.  AltTEDI,  Gencrn,  09.  1738, 
halted  on  u  »iiecinieu  in  the  collection  ol'  .Selia  at  .Vinsterdaiu  'i>iafiil<r  niijrce  latir,  ad 
jtimiat  ft  raitdaui;  "  rel'eienc^j  in  H_\iion\niy  to .1  tin'in  tiUer  iiiinnr  orhicvlaria,  I.isteh, 
In  Williighliy,  Ilistoria  I'incitini,  \X>.  Hi8C,  w  hiili  »eenis  to  he  ChUoniiictfrut  tfrinomi*. 

IHodon  atmi70  (inl»i>riut<Ml  titrin-ja).  Lin.n.ku.s,  Sy»t.  Nat.,  ImI.  \,  :t:t4,  1758,  India:  after 
OttracUm  bidtn»  iphierieat  of  ArTKDI;  not  of  mo»t  later  uuthons. 


TModon  rfHntUituM,  LiNN^EDii,S)-«t.Ki>l.,  RfLx.XU.ITM,  India.-  ikHltir  OitraeiumubrolumlU, 

»tc.,ABTKl>l;  UI'KTIIKa,Cnt..  VIII,  U13,  1870. 
CKilomycttnu  rfiicvlatut,  Jobdax  ii.  Gilbkbt,  8ynoii«ia,9M.  18S3. 

2170.  ClllLOMYrTKRIK  OLIFORMKXmK.  Eijjeunuinn. 

Nil  t^-utarli'saiivwlnTi'.  >»|iin<'»or  Uiiok  nil  lnw.  tlnmc  ul"  fmnt  u9])«<i;illv 
wi,  iiKTttiiMiiig  ill  HUi-  toward  bi'Uy  wlirre  thev  liectmn-  luiich  Ifirjjer  than 
tbo8)<  of  liiu'k.  NoN]iiii«>oi]  iiiiddli-  iirt<irehi-i>ii.  Aspitic  nt  n]i]«'r  jiut«'iior 
jiii}fli>  of  orliit;  1  ulmve,  Komewbal  lifliiiid  its  middli;;  1  Hllj^lilly  liidiind 
anil  tiliiivi'  ita  upper  postiM'ior  iin);li*;  aiiatlier  hiilt'wn.v  betwceu  the  last  ami 
the  iipptT  !ni;{lc  of  pertontl,  uml  nuutber  Uefurn  nnd  :i  littk"  iibiive  the 
iippii'  iiiui'giii  of  pectorul.  Hhio  abovf,  \vhit<-  beluw;  forehead  and  buHes 
of  all  thf  fiiiB  with  smiilt  < ,',:  iij.)  diirk  spolM,  fcwiT  on  nnal ;  buuk  di'niiel.v 
covori'd  with  short  streiiks  or  Itacs,  wbicU  Ik-c<iiuu  i;irj{i.T  aywts  on  Hides;  a 
few  niiiiKl  dark  spot-s  ( j  inoli  in  dianipter)  on  belly;  spotti  below  ey<>  larger 
than  tboMU  on  foiebuud,  almihir  iu  hI/.u  to  tkosu  on  cuiidtil  poduiude. 
Length  9^  inches,  Stm  Fi-dro,  Califoruia.  (Eigi^uiiiiiiin).  Apparently 
very  rare;  only  the  type  kuowii. 

Chitumyrlrrut  eaUfnniVMiA,  Kiok.vmaxn,  Aiiicr.  N«t.,  V,  18*I,  45,  1133.  San  Pedro,  Cali- 
fornia.    (CoU.  C.  H.  KlgfUiuaDii.) 

685.  LYOSPHjERA.  Kvenuann  A    Kendiill. 

hyotiihara.  KnIRMAMN  A:  KKSDAIX.  Hull.  l".  S.  Fiali.  Cumm.  IfiUT,  131  t^jMiOMi. 

Thin  fieniis  in  di8tiii{?iiisbed  from  I'hitom^rternii  by  its  armuturH  of  fliit- 
tish,  papery  or  eurtiliifciiimis  plut«s  to  wliiib  are  rttt:n;hiil  minute  hiiir-like 
papilla-.  The  uostril,  :ih  iu  Diodon,  in  undivided  and  haa  2  lateral  opou- 
ings.     (At)a>,  to  louse,  i.  e.,  lax,  dabby;  tHntipa,  sphere,  hull.) 


si;i 


lilltSPll.KttA  (Jl.OBOSA.  Kvvmuuiu  .V  Knudall. 


Heftd  3i;  depth  \\;  eye  'i\  in  heiid ;  Hiioiit  4.  1>.  U;  A.  4.  Korin  oblong 
ovoiil ;  lioad  broad,  interurbital  upaee  Bligluly  eonvex,  broad,  it«  ^vtd^lJ 
l^  in  li(>ad.  |jnrnal  and  anal  far  back,  eaeb  separated  froui  the  •aniial  by 
a  Hpftee  ei|unl  to  \  diaiuoter  of  eyv,  eaih  veiy  sniall,  tUuauai  niyn  searuely 
diatia;;nisliiil>le;  pcrtma!  hioud  ami  short,  about  ill)  rays,  the  leut>;th  leas 
than  iiiterorhif.il  width.  Tooth  of  eueli  jaw  solid  and  eoiitinuous,  Eii- 
tiit)  lutdy  sjiarsely  covered  with  tninnte  hair-like  ajtpendane,  or  very 
rlexilile  iloriiial  papilhe,  these  very  Bliort  ( /j  inch  long).  a)>]n>ariujj  to  be 
2-root«id,  and  attiitUed  to  dattisb,  papery  or  i-nTtila^riunuM  platea.  Nostril 
iu  a  short  papilla  with  'i  l.uteral  openings  and  no  division  at  tip.  (Jrotind 
eoIoryellowJNh  white,  this  eolor  regularly  broken  «ip  into  numerous  round- 
ish or  hoxa^onal  spots  by  n  uetwork  of  dark  brown,  the  width  of  the 
brown  spaci!.-i  liein>{  iisnally  h-aa  than  \  the  diameter  of  the  spots  wliich 
are  ooiatlu-'t  on  l)ack  and  top  of  beail;  a  villous  ]>n{>illa  ill  thi)  eenter  of  oaeb 
spot,  l.enfjtli  of  ty]>i-  n  iiK'lieB.  Atlantic  eoaist  of  the  Uiiitfid  iStates; 
kiiuwu  from  the  mouth  of  the  Kuijxiiihauuock  Ifivcr  and  from  llisoayno 


1752  liuMetin  4.J,  United  Stales  IVational  A/useum. 


Bay,  Ktoridtt.  The  2  BpecinienN  from  tlit'  k;iii|iubaiintiik  agree  i-lfwely in 
rolwr,  but  tho  1  from  Cape  Klctridu,  wljirh  appears  to  Ito  u  younger  iiiili- 
viduiil,  ilirt'ors  from  thom  HouiewLat  iu  color.  It  iimy  bo  (b'scribeil  us 
beiiif;  i>ale  yellnwisb  wbit«,  willi  uli<)utr>0  unrrmr  tbirk-bro'wii  or  blnok- 
inb  riot's  or  circles,  pnrii  iiiduHiiig  a  cinnbir  8|>ot  of  tbe  pnio  yellowish 
white,  these  c-irclcjt  Hiiiullettt  oii  the  b.-n-k  anil  not  tiiuohing  ca<-b  other 
liny  where;  on  the  iielly  thoy  aru  distant  fnim  eai'h  other  a  distaune  alH>ai 
ei|ual  to  their  owu  dijinieter.  It  seeiuH  th:it  »h  the  fmh  grown  older  these 
dark  rings  upprnnuli  eiu-h  otiier  and  finally  nnito  to  form  the  retieiilatious 
seen  in  tho  2  other  siK?ciiiu'n8.  Wf  were  at  first  disjiosed  to  regard  tho«<e 
Bpfcimens  as  being  the  youug  of  nouie  known  sjiocies,  or  possibly  Tricho- 
etiotioii  piloHUii '  (Mitchil!),  but  lin  exandtitttioti  of  llo  Kay's  figure  t  showM 
that  they  cdu  not  be  MLtchill'M  spei-i(;s.  It  is  equally  appureiit  that  they 
can  not  bo  C'nvier's  l>\t>doii  aajierl  or  (Jiintlier'N  IWc/tooy/ui  crinmxHa'^. 
(Everinaun  A:  Kendall.)     (v/ofcouMs,  splierieal. ) 

Ltiutphirra  glubota,  Rvriihan.n  ii  Kenuaij,  Hnll  V.  8.  Flnli  t'uniiii.  18t>7,  I'Jl,  pi.  S,  6gs 
II  und  12,  Rappahannock  River,  near  mouth  oT  Windmill  Creek,  Virginia.  (Type, 
No.  M79't,  TJ.  S.  Nnt  Una.    C'oU.  EvemuuiM  \.  Keudull.) 

Family  CLXXV.  MOLIl).«. 

<TllK   llK.\l>'i''ISUK8.} 

Body  obluDg  or  uiorc  or  k>as  Hbort  uud  decii,  conipressud,  trunrato  Iwliiud, 
so  that  there  is  no  i-atidal  ]ie(Ii]ric!o.  Skin  rough,  uaked,  spinous,  or  tes- 
sellated. Mouth  leryBmall,  ti<nniual;  I  eetln-omjik'tely  united  in  each  jaw, 
forming  a  bony  beak  witbtmt  modiuii  ^n^nrt^,  ii«  in  the  Diodonlitlcr.  Horsal 
and  anal  liiiH  Mimihir  to  each  other,  fakivte  iu  frout,  the  posterior  parts 
mure  or  bjis  ]]orfertly  roDllueiit  with  the  eaiidal  around  the  tail;  no  epi- 
uuus  dornal;  iio  ventral  liiis;  peUic  bojii!  uuileveli»jie<I ;  pertorals  present. 
Kelly  uot  inlbi table;  gill  0|)eiii]ig8  small,  in  fruul  of  pectorals;  an  acccis- 
Bory  oporralar  gill;  no  air  bladder.  I'lsheN  of  the  ojieu  seas,  apparently 
L'ompos<<d  of  a  huge  head  Co  which  .small  ling  aie  attaohed.  (ienera  3,  api-- 
cies  about  (i,  found  in  most  warm  seas,  pelagic  iu  habit,  and  reaching  a 
very  large  si/e.  The  very  young  are  variously  short<-ucd  in  form  anil 
armed  with  spines.  These  havo  been  often  regarded  iis  a  distiuel  genuti 
(.Vu^iieiwil^iMn).  Tho  tlesh  iu  these  lislies  is  coarse  and  tough,  and  they  are 
uol  used  iui  fowl.  (  Ciimnodonle,*,  group  Mvlina,  Ulluther,  (.'at,,  VUl,  317-320, 
1870.  ) 

Moi.m.«: 
a.  Body  aqliorblcnlnr,  U"i  twlw  ua  lung  m"  iloepi  iiltiii  tWrk,  run^h,  grbtly,  wttlioni 
lifxagoual  itlatea.  Mot,A.  «8«>. 

IUMKAMIINJ:: 
<M.  Body  alMoni!,  abnnt  twice  u  long  nn  <le«p;  nkln  muoolli,  tma»IUl(-d,  «rith  amunlh 
bexaKouiil  plate-).  Kastxanla,  (M7 


•  WnHim  pilonu,  HlTcniU„  Traua.  Lit.  atid  rhil.  Sitg.,  Vol.  i,  Igit,  471,  Sl.  6,  flc.  4. 
I  l»«  K«y,  N-  T.  Kaiina:  FUhaa,  :C/6,  p|,  M,  Hg.  IHO.  1842. 
;  IHmlnn  euvfr.  Ci'VIBH.  Mno.  du  Muaearn.  tv,  1818. 
^  GUutbvr,  Cat.,  vu,  316,  Itlu. 


Jordan  and  EvennanH. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1753 


686.  MOLA,  Cuvier. 
(HBAi>-iri8USS.) 

,  CcriKB,  TfttileAii  I'.IC^lu.  Hist..  Niil.  Aniniaax.  323, 17B8  (rtiCunda  —  mola). 
OrUrfljror>«eu«,  (tLtH.'il,  SVBt.  Iclitli.,Schuci(ler  ICd.,  310, 1801  (tn«l<i):  niinpriut  tor  Orthago- 

Cfphaliit.  SliAW.  tiouifnil  Zoology,  V,  i,  *S2,  1804  (iiio/o). 

OrUifiirru-t,  HAri.MUgDK,  Carutt.  Ale.  Niiov.  Uen. «  Nnor.  Sp.  Aiiim.  <•■  ^iallU}<l(»LlASi<:ilIl^  IT, 

1810  {luna  ~  mota). 
IHplanchiat,  H.tnHEtKjUE,  Caratl.  A\v.  Niior.  Ova. »  Nuov.  Sp.  Aiiiin.  o  Fiante  ilnUn  SioiU», 

17. 1810  {nanu  =  mola). 
Tt/mpauemium,  Rakzaki,  Nov]  Conim.  Ac  Set.  Bonon.,  v,  3,  pLaft«r  p.  81, 1837  tpUinei= 

mola). 
Trrmalop$iM,  Kaskani,  NotI  Oumiu.  Ac.  Sol.  Huniiu.,  v,S,  pLaft«r  p-Sl,  IBUl  (wiUugKb*ii  = 

mula). 
Ozoilura.  KkSii.Hl.'Suxl  Comni.  Ac.  .Sci.  Ikmun.,  V,  3.  iil.  niter  p.  81.1837  (trrn'ni  -  mobt). 
Ptdalivii  (GutuiLvu  MS.)  Swaissos,  Nnt.  IIUL  j|QdC1iut8'uFiBbM.«to.,  v,  I,  IM;  v,2,lWS, 

S29,183D. 
.^tMien,  CABeTELSAU,  M6I11.  snr  FoiaaoiM  AMqao  Aust.,  75,  flSflO  {&Uir«ri=mota). 

Laxval  Forms. 

ilolacaiMan,  Swai.nsok,  Nat.  Hist,  aud  Clnsa'a  Flshei,  «la.,  V,  2, 103. 3-^0, 1839  (jiona*<). 
I'allana,  NAttDo,  Ann.  .Scl.  Rtiipiu  Lonibaril.,  VeDi>t.,  v,  10, 112,  IWn  tpalliui). 
AeanllioBniHa.  DK  Kay.  Niiw  York  Fmiiia:  FinlitMt.  330, 1842  iearinatum). 
Venlaunu,  KAt;r,  Arcliiv.  Xaturgi^sch,  1855,  t.  221  <bo«jit). 

lio*\y  ovate,  BtTonf;ly  coiui)re8ae<J,  i-overert  with  a  thick,  rongh,  leathery, 
claMtio  skiu,  wkitcli  ih  irithout  l>ouy  iilutes.  PhjIUl*  foriiiinK  iJ' projotitiug 
itesby  no.se  ubovD  the  uunith.  Dortinl  tin  lieginuiiig  not  fnr  Ix'Iuiiil  pecto- 
rals, stiort  ami  higli,  fiili'ate,  coullii'-nt  with  11)(>  nnal  nrnntnl  (lie  tail;  do 
large  spiiiea  on  the  lioily.  (Iniiisy  lisbe.s,  fniiinl  in  most  wsirtii  seas,  roaoh- 
iugaKr^i'tsi/r ;  tlif  ymian  ( Mi>tariinlhuii)'  wilh  tlit*  l>oily<ie»*|nT,  iiiiichconi- 
presaed,  ^ithotit  tr:u-i«  of  t-imtltil  liu,  itH  place  tukvii  liy  a  row  of  uiiirgiual 
spiueit.     (mrifd,  a  mlllxtone. ) 


il7S.  114)1.1  MOU  (I.1□UR<n■^. 
(Sl^XriHHl   UKAl).ri»IIi  KIllLA;   Vk/.   LI'NA.) 

Iluuil  ri;  ilv|>th  rf.    D.  IT;  A.  16.     Dorsal  an<l  anal  t'lus  high  in  front, 


rrapiilly  derreuHiiii;  Imekward,  the  buight  of  eui-b  iiltuiit  i'|  in  li'ngth  of 
body  (u  adiitt;  iimihil  lin  tow,  with  a  wAvy  oiitliue.  I>«jith  nlwjiyu  more 
*  Tbc  utmiitiiil  enuiin  Moliicaitthut,  Snrainaon  (FaBaiia,  Nartlo;  Aeanthntoma,  Vti  Kay) 
iioa  tliun  limii  ili-lln-il.  IVo-ly  suliorbictilar,  mnch  c<>mprc«»e<l.  <lp<'pi.T  thiin  long,  ciivrred 
try  a  tliiii  nilvery  nlnix  on  which  ora  ninny  Dlruni;  ti|iin<'a.  Dnrsiil  uii<]  nniil  flns  bi^li  ami 
.liinrt,  nfit  o<»iit1iii*iitr  Lilt*  ii pare  on  llie  tail  Wi  we«it  thc^mcM'i'upietl  hy  a  ruw  iif  fliujill  m|i1tipb; 
ou  iiittTspinnl  bunm  for  tlic  niipnort  of  the  camtiil ;  piitonilsiiioJi-rute.  iDtcKtiDi'oiiliurl, 
with  but  'i  tiiruh.  TlicHr  Riiiafl  llsliea  U'i>rc  Uiiie  i>«'ii6rally  inniiifitiriMl  an  tlio  yuun^ol 
itoUt.  Till'  retiViiri'liUH  of  I*rof.  Frt><lerioli  Want  Pntnnm  (.Viri.  Nut.,  Dw  ,  IHTii)  Af'iinril  tii 
bIiow  tliat  tlif'V  H  eru  fldult  ti^lifn  allied  t*)  Jfo^i,  curt^ful  (^nrnparinoiiH  (laTJiig  lieun  made  b^ 
him  lictwfn:ii  Mrilacant/niK  and  1Iil«  youuu  of  ^l/o/u.  lii  a  H]>eri.]llv  vjiiiiablo  pa^H^r  "  Ou  tbe 
"rigiri  of  liploroirri  V  mid  llio  cTolmiouur  tlio  film  nud  tin  mv»  oi'  finlu'i*  (lixpt- 1'  S.  FUli 
Ooiiiiii.  fur  18W),  till-  lule  I'rof.  Jidin  A  K.xUt,  of  Iho  Cnivi-rsily  of  I'fiiiiEiyltucila.  bns 
can  fully  <li8ciiM:uid  the  relati>iii»  of  MntaennlJiui  in  Mnia,  Th«  rcaeiirclifn  of  I'rofeiwor 
Hyilcr  leavi.  no  doubt  thiit  Jf"l'ii!ii)i//'t'»  i«  «lra|dj'  ti  po<ttliirvnl  phase  in  tlie  dt-vidopinrnt 
of  J/<jfii,  an  w;u*  sii|iptiHi'il  by  l.iitkLMi,  St4't-ni!trii|i,  anu  OtintJipp.  ^VtM'orHiny  to  Uyder.  tlio 
parlit'nt  I'orinH  nf  M^Aa  ir<irn>Hpiindiug  to  tbu  form  culled  0*tracion  boopt  by  Kicuurdtiou) 
will  h\i  foiiud  to  ti.i\ '  u  dislluul  uul, 

3030 AS 


1754         Bulletin  47,  Untied  Stales  National  Museum. 


tlmn  4  lenffth,  .-md  iii  the  yonn^r  the  vcrtioal  iliatnetvr  exceeding  thti 
lon<;ttni]innl.  I-'orni  varying  iitnch  with  tip-,  the  lutily  becomiiij;  mora 
eloDgate,  tiie  fins  coinpanitivrly  tihorter,  the  eye  mufh  smaller,  and  a 
bump  being  dovelojied  above  the  mouth,  top|te<I  by  aii  osAcoua  tnbenlB. 
Dark  gray;  aiiles  grayish  brown,  with  silvery  rello<-tioiiK;  belly  duxky; 
II  broad  blackish  bar  runuiiig  along  the  batte.s  of  the  dorsal,  caudal,  and 
anal  fins.  Pelagic.  inliaUiting  most  t<iniperato  and  tropiciil  Neas,  swini- 
uiing  slowly  abont,  near  llie  surfai-o,  the  high  dorsnl  above  the  surface. 
Ci>iuniou  northward  to  England,  Cape  Cod,  and  San  Francisco;  rare  in  the 
West  Indies.  It  reiit'he.'*  n  weight  of  300  to  1,500  poiin<l«.  The  largeBt 
Bpecinaen  known  to  us  was  takon  at  Redondo  Beach,  California,  in  Jnue, 
1K93,  iinil  iiionutcd  by  Mr.  T.  Shooter,  of  Los  Augelee.  This  wa«  8  feet  2 
inches  Inn;;  and  weighed  in  life  1,800  pounds.  The  I'arilic  Doe&ti  form, 
which  runge«  frcun  4San  Francisco  t<i  Ma?:atUn,  seeuiH  to  bt.>  fully  identical 
with  ,t/o/a  nio/a,     (Eu.)     ( mo f^i,  a  millstone.) 

Xelndtrn  moJii,  h\>T(Jf.\».  Sjrst.  Kat..  Eit.  X, 334. 112,  1758,  Mediterraaean;  ttXUfr  UHraeivn 

ealhitojilalrtit  Mvbrnluoiliit,  Akteiji,  GeiiL'nt,  81, 1738. 
Tetrotlon  liiitr,  LACti'ftiE,  UIbI.  Nat.  ruins..  I,  500,  ITtW. 

ilxla  acult-ala,  KoLREl'TKK,  Nov  Cmutn.  I't-trupol.,  X.  17(111. 337,  )ll.8.  fl|;<>.  3  aili]  3. 
Orthrayuritcve  h\*iiidm.  Itlxx'B  &  Scdskidkb,  S.vit  Xc1ilh.,!>ll,  1801. 
Orlliragoriteut  i>r  LftnapUKii,  KoNDELKT,  l>e  FUoibii*,  424. 
/><ud<>n  carinahu,  Mrrcaiix,  Add.  Lye.  Nat.  HisL  Vvvr  York.  H,  181S,  SS4,  pi.  B,  Hg.  t,  New 

York. 
Aeantfiotomm  earinatum,  t>K  Kav,  New  York,  Fatua:  Flabixs  330,  pi.  .55,  ag.  179, 1843. 
Mola  raiuniia,  (TtrriER,  Tabloan  Eleni.  Nat.  HUt.,  323, 17M ;  afler  Tttrodan  mols,  LiXKJKUR  ; 

JuBUAK  ii.  OiLnKirr,  Synnpiin.  8611. 1883. 
Orthaauritnu  mola,  BLom  it  SCHNEUiSK,  Sriit.  luLtb..  5III.  1801. 
Otam^oriteMt  JaKtaltu,  Blocu  .k  Sciinkider,  S.vst.lclilb., 511, 1801. 
CtyhaUn  brent,  Shaw,  Ocn.  Zoolcigy.  v,  437.  pi.  175, 3804. 
Ceplialtn  jiatlananut,  SnAVr,  G<>I1.  Ziiol.,  V,  410, 1804. 
Orthaijoriicim  ijiiiMfu;  (TviKR,  li^inio  A  aim.,  1817. 
(VpAa/uir  or(Aa;;i>ri#fut,  Kisst),  Eur.  iloriJ..  ni.  171,  182a. 
Ozodura  umini,  liA^tZA.M.  Xiiv.  C'ouiiu.  Ac  Sci  Innr.  Douun.,  ill,  £!,  183U,  Mediterranean 

Sea;  lUXXAXI,  i.e..  pi.  B.  IKW. 
7V>n;>aii«i>iirim  planei,  Uamzani.  I.e.,  tablr,  1830,  Adriatic  Sea. 
IHplnitfliinii  natuM,  Ka.nxam,  I.e.,  table,  "in  uuirci  HicuKi." 
Trrmal'ijttiji  irillinjltei,  Ka.>%am,  i.r.,  lalili-,  in  iwiaiio- 
Orthragvrisetu  rrtiii,  Rasxam,  (,  e.,  tnlilc,  iid  Imnlity. 
ftrthragoritcut ghint,  It.\]>7JkNi,  I.e.,  tjtble,  Mediterranean  Sea. 
0rtlkraji9rt§nu  rondtlttii,  Ranzaki.  I.r.,  Mediterranean  Sea. 
Ortkroforitcxu  blofliii,  RaxzaNI,  I.  c,  "in  nmri  occaiiu." 
OrtAfaffoHtetu  alexandrini,  Uan/ani.  L  e.,  Adriatic  Sea. 
Orthraiforuetu  redi,  Ranzaxi,  I.e.,  Mediterranean  Sea. 
OrUtragoritout  ccuieatUM,  Kamzam,  /.  e.,  uu  locality. 

OrthragorUeut  lunarit,  GnoMOW,  Cat.  Fiiihea,  Ed.  Gray,  iK.  IH.*!!.  Mediterranean  Sea. 
Oillkrageriteu*  jiolttri»,  Grohow,  Cat.  Firliea,  E<l.  Gray,  1S6,  IHH,  MediterraoeaD  Sea. 
OrlJtrat^lTitnn elrjans,  Rakzam,  I.e.,  Atlantic  Ocean, 
OHhragtfUeut  baltartr,  Ra:«ZANI,  I.r.,  Adriatic  Sea. 
AUdim  ttorcri,  L'ASTKLXAU,  Toiaa.  Afr.  Aiiiitr.,75, 70. 
.iUdoii  fapentif.  CASTElJfAir,  I  «. 

VaUntia  yiitlnsi,  Nakd.>,  Ann.  Sc  Rt>guo  Lumluird.  V«net.,  1, 112, 1840. 
Orllia'juruciii  aiialii,  A  VHES,  Proc.  (Jal.  Ao.  Sci.,  U,  1854, 31,  flg.  54.  San  Franciaco. 
.1/oIn  namit,  STEcexsTRl'i-  &  I.Ctkkn,  Ovnra.  Uanak.  Vid.  gelsk.  Forli.,36, 1W3. 
Uola  rrtiii.  ST«K.vsTHl-|-  &.  I.t'TKEN,  J.  c. 
r  OrtlkafforiteuM,  ap.,  Swinhoe,  Aao.  &  Mas.  NaL  Uiat.,  xn,  1888, litt. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  qf  North  America.      1750 


Orthra-joritctf  inodHnt,  HABTlUa,  Vurband.  Ak.  W«t  Aoiatord.,  1-48,  pU.  1-8, 1808. 
tMracinn  limijit,  KiciiAiiiiuu.s,  Vo,v    Erebus  it  Ternir,  K-lilli.,  52, 1M4,  South  Atlantic, 
Ceiilaurut  bvvtn.  Kadi*  (very  yuuni;  Urva),  Arobiv.  Xuluru.,  i,  liiM,32J. 

687.  RANZANIA,  Nnrdo. 

(Kl.ViJ   UK  TilK   MaCKKKKLS.) 
RoiWIlto. K A HUO,  Aon.  Soi.  Tioga.  Luinliaril.  V<>nct.,  V,  111,  103, 1840  (rrunrahu). 

Hoily  uljluiig,  the  ilejith  nbuiit  |  bui>(lit;  akio  Hnioiith,  teasel  la  UhI, 
iliviileil  iut«>  small  hexiigoiial;  Bcntellii;  cauilal  truncate;  otUerwiso  essen- 
tially iM  ill  Mola,  i\i«  Wf.e  siiialli^r;  llio  larviil  lormii  unknnuu.  IVIikgic. 
(Named  lor  Cuiiiillo  Kiiii/iini,  nf  ])ii]uf;ua,  1111  vxcolleiit  naturalist,  who 
wut»  led  1i,v  tlie  vsiriutiuuii  in  the  form  uf  Mola  to  aa  iueU'ective  eubdivibiou 
o(  the  apucioH  into  luaiiy  gt'tiunt. ) 

2i;».  U1.\ZANU  TBtJKCATA  (RcUius). 

Hijiil  uotiiuiUA3;  ilepth  iibmit  2.  D.  IH  to  19;  1M2  or  13;  A,  19;  C.18 
ta  '2'1,  lloil.v  ehingatuil  ovate  with  the  Biiles  ctiiiipro8»ud.  Eye  2  to  3  tiiu«a 
ill  snout;  snout  atraij^ht;  iiiutitli  autciior  ami  opposite  r«iit«r  of  eye. 
Caudal  vi'i-y  short,  its  liaso  straight,  slightly  ublt<iiie;  dorsal  ami  anal  at 
tlio  cxtrenie  end  of  dorsal  auil  aLidoiniuul  pmilles  and  coiui^-ctecl  to  the 
caudal ;  jiectoral  KouiewLiit  ])i)iuted.  >Skiu  oukooth  and  divided  into  aniall 
hexajjonal  plates  like  mosaic.  Color:  ''Iiutiiedtately  before  di-atb  the 
<H>lors  were  most  brilliaut.  thi-  baik  being  of  u  dark  purple,  grudiially 
lic-iri'asiiig  in  intensity  to  the  belly,  which  wjis  white  with  gnUlcu  rellec- 
tione,  the  .side  marked  with  green  lines  on  the  pur[ile;  toward  thi>  tail 
there  were  8everal  in-egular  white  Bpots  alioiit  the  aijif  of  a  threepenny 
]ueee;  the  dorsnl,  anal,  and  pectoral  tins  were  of  a  pule  Irad  i.-<>|iir,  but 
the  citiidul  iin  wan  niOHt  brilliiint,  beiiijkf  of  a  liri;;ht  biirnisbtui  silver,  with 
prifiiiiatii:  rellettioun,  the  raya  tiu(;ed  with  purple,  while  •»etween  the  r;iyB 
there  were  keyholo-RhajU'd  iiiarkiiif^a,  I'dged  with  gold,  fornitug  siicb  a 
brilliant  coiiibinatiou  uf  colors  as  is  not  easily  iina|L;ined;  but  this  bril- 
liaitey  entirely  vnnislied  a  few  niiniitca  after  the  death  of  tho  lifih.  when 
it  assumed  the  dull-blue  color  of  the  lignre  in  i'oneh's  Fishes  of  the  Urit- 
ish  iMles,  which  ia  evcreitiu^ly  good,  but  might  have  t)een  a  few  shades 
darker."  (.S.  <'logg,  ZooL,  'M'l,  1883.^  Horlase's  apeciinen  was  dapple, 
spotted  darker  ou  the  biu'k,  with  streaks  4  iuch  wide  frotu  eye  to  pe<'toral 
fill,  (lluy.)  Si/.ti  iiiucb  less  than  that  of  Mnln  iiuilii,  the  length  ;ibuat  2 
feet.  Pelagic;  occasioual  oil' our  Atlantic  coast;  oiieo  taken  on  the  Uer- 
oiiidaa.     A  reltttod  but  apparently  dillereiit  species  *  is  oceasionuUy  taken 

' Kaiitania  molnut,  JeMKUts.  Tliu  Tultuwlug  in  llie  sat<ataui»<  of  Dr.  Jeiikms  a  ileHi'rl|>- 
lioii  iif  thi»  »ptrri<w: 

■'  U.  IT.  A.  18;  U.  19:  F.  1:1.  Dcplli  2S  ill  l(>nj;lli  to  biuxt  iif  oaiuliil;  liuul  11:  eyo  «  iu 
lioad,  '.'i  in  mioiit,  |lo<1y  iiiucli  r<iin|irci)«>-<l,  tin*  rfatnil  iii»r);iii  n  olmrp,  rvralr  I'lirvi-il 
k<<el.  Y.yv  iiiiu:)t  nl)n>'e  r\1^  oT  ImmIv,  n  liltlo  iivartT  Hiioiil  (Ijiku  1>u.hi^  «iI'  imt^tiirul.  'rtM-th 
fonuini;  a  liirtlo  like  l>tiili.  luiviiilrtnlv  iiidilcii  liy  projciling  I'olilii  «f  skin,  v»lilnli  Cunii  .'» 
truncaicd  u|ieuiii>;  Iu  tlip  montli.  till!  om-niug  Just  in  Iruiit  ut'  iiiiper  luinc  ul'  )>■'•  torul, 
coyiMCil  t»j"  u  2  l<i|)<  it  volvL<.  IJikIv  lovored  Ipy  1111  aruiur  nT  stuiill  j>liiU'»,  uixt-i?  nr  loM..i  licx- 
anniiij  ant)  pmneiilril.  ['w-1'>rul'ulioiil  1|  id  liea4l.  a1)OTi>  n^innl  IvikIv;  liiiiitit  cil  tlurxat 
AlMuit  et|iial  tu  licud  ;  ;it)h1  hII^IiIIv  ItiwiT;  ilortuil  iniil  auul  etirh  Hi.»pur»i<'il  Iruiii  \\w  isiudiU 
tiy  a  uciU-li.  Color  liri^hl  nllvfry  on  ttiiti^a,  upper  parbt  dark:  hjiImk  wltli  brit;1itfr  Hilvrry 
biimln,  the  finite  wllli  dintiiii  I  lilat  k  liorrlupK.  tlie  nvxt  (  witli  niiiiirrnun  Ijliii'k  Kput-,  tim 
black  murgina  appcuriu);  only  011  ioirer  purtn.    Differini;  rrum  Kamania  truneala  uUlelly 


1756 


Bulletin  //,  United  States  National  Museum. 


itlxiut  tlie  Iliiwiiijnn  iMlauUs,  where  it  io  regarded  with  venemtiun  as  the 
kiug  ul'  the  tuuuies  uud  luacken'U.     (IrmirtituA,  cut  ull'  tibort.} 

TttTQilm  truneatuM,  RETZirH,  Vet.  Ak.  Ny«  Quidl..  VI.  2. 116, 17»S. 

OrHtai^eriieHt  ublontjiit,  ItLocn  &  ScnicEinm,  SysL  Ichthyul.,  511,  IBOl. 

Cqrikoiiu varifu.  Sham,  Ccu  Zwil..  v,  4;hi,  itMM. 

Otrh«tUt  tttrngaluf,  iiimto,  Kur.  Mi^rid.,  ill.  173. 1826. 

U<it  I  lAanci,  Nakik),  in  K^ruMuic,  Bull.  Sci.  Nut.,  xia,  137, 1838. 

('i>irlitilut  euehtrtini,  Tbaiu.,  Werner.  &Iein.,  vi,  1833. 

ffrthafforiMu*  truncatuM.  GOmtueb,  C»t.  nu,  319,  1870(  Dat,  FUh.  lit.  BiiU,  pL  U9,  276, 

1081. 
UuKtctnia  trunetUa.iOHViLS  Si  <;iLBKBT,Syuapals,M0, 1883. 


Suborder  LORIOATL* 


(The  MAiL-CnEEKKu  Fishes.) 

Tbii»  griiupi  i8  dlatiu^iiiHliiul  liy  a  sinKlu  ])ocu]}ur  cburiift«r,  the  oxtension 
of  tlie  tliii'd  Hiiborbttal  liuuu  aiross  tbv  cheek  tu  or  toward  tbo  preopcrole. 
From  tbu  Cntniomi,  nti  ulTHhiiot  from  thetiaiiif.<  Kru'M')  >»  ^'birb  the  d(<ve]op- 
iiioiil  iiT  thi!  Hubiirbit:ii  Htuv  is  carrii'd  nitirb  fartbiT,  the  pn-gciit  RT'xip  is 
iliAtiiigiiiMtied  by  tb<-  iiuriuiil  cbaructer  of  tbtMibuiiUh*r  girdle.  The  folloir- 
iiij:  dolinitiuu  iif  the  Loricali  is  given  b,v  Dr.  Gill  (Pruc.  U,  S.  Xat.  Mas. 
ISMH,  5Hy): 

AcJintU<>|>li!r,VS>iu<^  with  th>-  Hcapular  nrrh  iinrmAl,  th«  pngt-tcmpoml  and  poctero- 
ti*ru{K}ral  ritnniii:;  {tart,  nuil  tUh  lttlt«r  iDU«r\'viiiii^  lietni'on  tttt^  |HMit-t4.m3pond  anil  tlte 
|iruaci(puU.  Iiifniurbitiil  (luiiii  willi  all  Ixuiea  onlcrio);  iiitu  tlic  urliital  mnrfEio  and  func- 
lluaul.  nuly  imrliiillv  rxtcndud  ovor  this  olii'ck;  with  tli<-  tliinl  btiiio  liy[icr1ro|>]ii«l  aud 
di»vi'lni)fil  an  a  »t<iy  io>[iiu;,MhK  on  thi-  nnt*rior  wall  nf  lh«  |>rt<a|H)miluni :  )>oal-l<>ujpunil 
vuflniiHly  i'iinnr('(<*i1  with  the  f[i{trtlr  nnil  ]iti*ni11(-;  iDtonaflxlllurietf  with  ivcll.(ievf9loiie<l 
aaceudiii^  ji('dJi'lt*H  f;llflui^  (iXM^r  Lh»  frnnt  of  (he  {truitclliinoiil. 

Ill  n.11  (ithrr  rt)M|MM-t8  the  gcnii])  ig  i4ti!»ji'Ct  Ui  grent  variation.  Couceru- 
iog  this,  Dr.  (iiil  has  tbe  fullowing  e&collont  disciuision: 

In  vk"w  iif  the  wiilw  raiigf  of  vari«llou  that  has  bwn  shown  to  be  maDireatOil  by  the 
vnrlonn  HHMiiln'rit  of  the  j^ri^Jit  group  uf  mnil  rheeked  INher^  it  outT  Ix*  coDrtiilenxl  that  tt  Ia 
nut  II  uiiliiral  grruiip.  In  «n<-  m-nno  it  in  not.  The  iiltri:rtnci<n  iiru  ccrtaiulv  AUUicleut  to 
Jiinllrv  1b^  *i-t;r<>Ki^iion  "f  l>x  i-lmiiPiiiH,  no(  only  Into  h  number  ut  fuinillna  but  into  wsreti 
aiifHThiinilira.  NeviTthnlcjtii,  the  lelalionii  Iwlwi'cn  thu  rnrionii  luitnilwrB  are  mirh  at  to 
in<llvat«  that  they  I'orni  n  nntiirul  iillliuuKh  innrh-interniptoil  series,  ami  the  |{uo.<ia  of 
Cuvior  U  appkreutly  juAtitlCil  by  a  detailed  oxiimiimtioa  ol  the  anAtomy. 

Tbe  moHt  g<)nenilized  of  thu  mail^iuecked  flibes  appvar  to  bo  tbe  Storpinioidra.  Theae 
liavo  the  general  form  or  ordinary  flshe«  tike  the  SerranidH,  Sparidx,  and  nuuicroua  otiiera. 

In  tbo  Biuiiller  <>vt'.  iu  baviut:  tbe  i')'e  plwed  well  uliovn  tbe  luoiith  aud  shove  tbe  axis  of 
llio  body,  in  Ikeliaj^b  pooition  of  the  fKH-tornl  llu.  in  the  1ilL;hiar  ilurtiul  rintl  anal,  And  la 
thu  loliiiatioii.  Know  11  only  I'noii  1  Kpncliurn  in  L.  S  Jr.  uiilv.  Miih..  .'ii  incheo  lonj, 
taken  at  th«i  iiiotilli  of  I'liurl  Hurhor.  Honolulu,  hy  Mr.  Hie]  Knpn.  and  ai-nt  to  Stanfonl 
rniv'i<rnily  liy  Mr.  (^hnriri  It.  Wilnon.  (ixaJtim.Vhe  niilivi-  nmiio  of  the  Hih.  iiietuiD); 
tbi!  soiirri'  frmii  wliieh  tho  Boiillo  uud  the  .\lblcf)ro  Hpruni;  la  agce  paiil.')" 

Iln inaiiui  militia,  .lE.iiKifie,  I'rtic.  t'al.  / c.  Scl.,  »erie«  2.  v,  October  31,  1«95, 780  to  784, -with 
colorod  pitilfv 

'  Culled  ( 'alai'hracti  on  paue  THI.  but  Luricali  is  tbe  eiirlieat  Kluglc  word  applied  as  a 
nsino  to  thin  Broun.  Dr.  (iill  rpnmrkii:  "Onvier  eave  no  latin  name  to  the  '/ofku  <?u< 
riM»'(>,'  nnd  it  ho-i  Iteen  utiemplrd  to  ronicdy  llie  ib'Tei't  liv  tbn  proiMieiil  of  variouK  iianieii 
InvoU  In);  llio  idoa,  o.  a.,  hufm  I.nriealir  (MciMnrtiii",  18:ii).  I.oricati  (,Ienyn«,  IStlj),  Far- 
ri'i-tiKiiifii-  mid  I'arfnfdUat  (IlicbaniHon.  I836(.  Caiitfiilrjttn  (SwnliiKon.  IftiS),  CatafhrOKti 
(.MiilliT.  \m),  HcUfOpa.ti  (Graveuburet, llMo>,  ekUroj/eniUa  (Uweu,  It^J,  and  VataphraS' 
toitltr  (C'niitur,  J8S0).'' 


Jordan  and  Evemiann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1757 


Onteoloiry  »Uo  ctirrolioniles  tliit  ncHmr  ntUlioDiililp  of  lliost*  fonuH  tn  the  normal  Aoan- 
(h(»p|4«r)'^lHH  0«lit^H.  If  wi'  luok  Aiuung  thiMin  nnrniAl  fnrius  f(<r  Ihn  Qrareiit  r^latlTOB  of  tbe 
ijiui]><-lie('ktNl  l)Mh(M«,  in  Utr  ]irc»eut  ntAtc  uf  our  kuowlotlj^e,  wn  MppL'>ar  to  at  teaMt  njiproxj- 
iDfttn  thi'  truth  in  cUimiag  fur  tl«m  it  nearer  Telatioa«hlp  with  (lie  l'irrili>1a  llmu  any 
uDicra.  TliiH  viuw.  liuWMer,  in  Himply  liypatJintirAl,  niiil  enii  not  \w.  runalili-rei]  In  l»t 
ti^tuliliiihitl  iinlil  wi!  iMWome  liotter  aciiiiiiiiitoil  with  tlif  uniiloniv  of  llif  AuriouH  raomlwn 
of  till'  xiiUorder  Aconlhuylrrjiffii.  Wliiili  «f  the  Heurptnwidea  are  the  most  j{CDHnill]iL(<d  ia 
ii  rniirtt  (littii'iilt  (|iiiMtioii  tn  «nHWi-r. 

In  aonie  n.'ape<-t!i  iIid  (^biridn,  or  Elexagmmmlila, appear  tn  be  more  gnnoralixod  than  the 
Scorpii^nitla.  Tbt^y  aro  ieaa  arnieil  witli  8piiR<B  than  the  other  n^preaentatlvoaof  rho  gn^«t 
group  uf  uiailcl^oolcoi]  Usbcjt,  and,  what  in  Mlil  inoro  ai^nilhant.  Ilu-  ilirhiwt  or  baaj- 
aphinokl  U  mnri'  ilrrrlopi'il  juirl  upproachpa  in  forio  that  Pieoiplitiisi  in  iha  normal  Acau- 
tliopUryKians;  ncvcrthelfn*,  iIh-  parielal  boD(<s  i-'onvergf  toward  the  front  soaa  toaloiual, 
if  uol  <]iilt4!,  tuiii'li  over  tho  fronl  uf  tho  anpraix-ripiliiie.    Th<"  pnranphi'noid  »rriila  i-lon- 

gatml  proi-r(Mi>>4  iijiMjird  In  iiii'Kt  oorreaponillng  proi<easA8  of  tlio  itiilitoi  tali  or  ortiitiuipl 

ntti/ifl.  In  iH'th  m(  thrM*  ohariict«rH  thi'y  ilt^riatv  friiiH  tho  Scorpit^niiln  anil  upproai^h  tliu 
C'oltlda.  For  thia  roaaon,  tlii>rel'ore,  they  aro  pluccid  aft«r  thn  Si^nipu'iiida  uud  befiiru 
the  Cuttlda.  Tbt>  ("iiupnratively  aliirht  vnliie  of  thi<  approiimatiun  or  aoparnlion  of  t)io 
parirtfliit  tbiiH  upp<<iira  »nd  di'rnoiiHtnitea  that  it  la  iundriaablv  to  at'paratu  widely  eronpa 
n'Jtt'nihling  rach  olht-r  in  »n  many  obaraotera  bocauM!  of  aiich  dlffcn-me*. 

An  olongatu  ii(iivoiiH  imrtion  of  Ibe  doraul  On  and  an  inver«i<ly  abort  niYr<l  portion  aro 
deTolo|Mtl  in  tli>'  IliinititpleridML  ni-vortheleas. thuac  liohra  ucrcr  in  inoal  oalenlo^irnl  aa 
well  »a  moat  Kulcrfial  uhiinidora  witli  Ihr  CoHida;  roiiaf«|n»i(illy,  tlo'  onoaturulni'Ha  of 
rciiiorini;  liioiii  far  from  tlm  (*ottiiiM  and  luoio^-iating  tiicm  with  tlio  Scorp«'Dida,  Oi*  well 
an  Ihcf^liKht  valut- of  lh»  relative  projiortiona  of  the  apinunn  and  niyifl  portinna  of  tiie 
doranl  tin,  boconit-A  uvidi-ut. 

TImi  unli;oloK><-»l  rbaractrra  of  tba  rintyfieplialid*  and  HopUchtliyidji  are  imperfectly 
known,  and  il  r<-mainn  (or  futun'  lnvv4tlgatioa  tudoteniiino  wbaC  are  tliolr  exact  rolatlon- 
aliipa  and  t'liurnt^terlMtlra. 

Tliti  Trigiida  and  IVriatoililds  depart  very  widely  from  the  olher  eroupa,  as  will  Ijiwome 
liiT(<!i.nt!r  niftnlfeal :  l>iit,uiitwitliiii:indiDi:.  tiii-ir  n  ialiuQxhipa  appamr  to  be  more  intimate 
with  the  gBiiiTKlijiwi  iimil-i'liiwked  li»li<"j»  tliori  witli  any  other  gniop. 

The  UactylupU-ridft  depart  ctilt  morn  from  all  other  Hahea  limn  do  tho  Triglnidft.  W« 
look  in  vain.  Iiovrvver.  for  any  uian>r  relation  of  ttiooe  llahea  than  the  Trii}loidfa,  and 
ciiuixxiiintitly  it  may  he  iuwiiukmI  tlmt  they  arti  the  ilurivjitivea  from  a  ty]>e  from  which 
llio  TriKli'In  havi>  Icaat  divorgod. 

In  Hnu,  the  rt>latb>i)aliip.i  of  the  varlona  families  nf  niail-oheekeil  flahea,  in  the  prvactit 
state  of  our  ktiowludt;<5,  niny  l>e  expreaseU  In  the  fnllnwlD);  licnealogiejil  tree,  in  wblt'li  tlie 
leflrluuid  branch  In  each  caac  repreaenla  (be  more  generalised  type  of  eauli  pair: 


Cirrttidu' 
Caraeanthiile  F  I 


i       -g. 


{\orica,  a  ouirosa.) 


1758  BuUetin  //,  UniUd  States  National  Museum. 


VaMIUSB  or  tA}BIi-JlTI: 
•.  MyoddiHK '  more  or  !<<«■  ilnvsloped. 

b.  Puat-tciiiponil  btrurt'atr  and  ei!>iiii««Ud  with  the  cnuinm  by  tu  prniftfii  Is 
nnnnni  mannor. 
«.  Uvdy  and  bewi  oamprMwcd  nr  modemtelr  deprpivckl.t 

d.  Actinosta  miMiermte  anil  inxrrlMl  on  pijaterior  edge*  of  hjrpercorKcoid 

and  bypoconooid :  rik«,  tj  pically,  banie  on  enlarged  parapophvMa. 

«.  GiUa  3^  ur  4,  tlio  slit  Wliiod  the  laat  Kill  small  or  wttnting ;  Bpinon« 

donuU  well  ilevulopcd ;  anal  with  a  olrong  9pin««,  I  be  fln  raUwr 

■liort;  body  covered  nitb  mate*;  a  Hlngle  lalrral  line;  top  of 

bead  more  or  Icai*  armed ;  Tortebnr  mtlier  few.  '.M  to  31. 

M.  GQla  i.  with  •  large  allt  behind  the  fourth;  Imtly  rorered  with 
■mall  aoalcfl ;  oraainin  tinarmetl :  dorsal  and  anal  flnselungate; 
vertebra  uuim-roils,  mure  than  :iO. 
/.  Koatrila  normal,  the  ponteriur  m  ell  drvclopeil. 

AsoKijipoMATn).*,  cucxrn. 
Sf.  Mustrila  aioglc,  the  pusteriur  repn-sriited  by  a  muall  pora 
well  bebiiid  the  oUier  and  not  f nnrtlonal. 

IlBXAUKAMMinX.  CIXXVOI. 
id.  AcUnoata  large  and  partly  intervening  Iwlweeu  the  liypvrcoraiwid 
and  the  hypot-oraeold :   ribs  acasile  on  the  vertebra- ;  vertt-br* 
nnucrous,  30  to  M ;  uo  ana]  apluea  -,  body  not  unifortuly  sealed. 

CorriD  J".,  cLxxix. 
6t.  PiMit-teiii|KirBl  expanded  and  connected   with  the   cmDloiii   by  an   exteoal\'» 
III  tare. 
g.  Aaiu  Rubmediau;  ventraU  subalidominal :  gill  openings  very  nmall;  eso- 
■koleton  dcToloped  u  apiniform  pricklee ;  head  excv^ively  Urge. 

RHJlMPHorOTTtD.*,  CUt.XI. 

gg.  Antia  tlioracir;  ventraU  Aabbraebial ;  gill  oiteninjit  moderate-,  exuekele- 
ton  duvoIop<sl  OH  pintea  arranged  in  aboal  8  longitudinal  rowt;  spl- 
noD*  doraal  short  or  wanting.  Aooiin>.K,  clxxxl 

Dnoaanu: 
an.  Myiidnnie  completely  wanting:  vontrala  completely  iiuitetl,  forming •  ronnd  anok. 
inu  ilink,  » liiili  in  rarely  obsolete;  Hpinoiin  dornttl  little  devrlopeil. 
k.  IttMly  cavtiy  elongate;  raiiilal  reslou  abort.  Cvi'LorTKRIDJt,  cuxxn. 

hh.  Body  cavity  ahortj  caudal  region  elongate;  akin  atuoolh. 

Lll>AltlDinALOLXXXttt. 

Family  CLXXVl.  8C0RP JiNI U.E. } 

(ThK   ROOK-KlSltK8.) 


Boily  oblong,  more  or  less  ecunpressod,  tlio  head  lorjjo,  aud  with  "ue  or 
more  pairs  of  ridges  above,  which  uBnally  terminnto  in  spinca.    OperelA 


'Myodome  or  moaoular  tube,  "a  chaiiiber  for  the  rectoK  iiiiisi'1<^«  of  the  eve.  Tli!»  i» 
laolated  tmm  the  brain  cavity  by  llie  devi>to|mient  of  a  plall'omi  from  the  ba«inrrl|iilal 
oontiniioii*  wllti  horl»,ontttl  ridi{e»or  nhilvcH  iliv<igini,'  Irom  the  inner  »  alls  of  the  pro 
oli)'  boiieii  uDil  lurel  ior.  along  tW  niidillc.  I  liiiii  coiiKtiiiitiU);  a  roof  for  the  miucular  ehttin 
biT  rind  «  llmrr  for  lliii  rronial  rttvity,       (fJlll.) 

(  B<«ly  nixi  lii'nii  imuh  <icpn'»«ii  in  llii>  fiimiiy  of  Ptalt/f^'lutKda'  and  it»  relative*. 
groilpH  li<»(  repreHeJitcil  i]i  the  \Vi»«jfrn  IleiniHjkttere.  Two  H[)eei(*M  of  IHati/crjihatua  have 
bi-eii  Hrroneoiialy  mtiribol  to  the  region  iiiiiler  cuimiderntion.  These  an-  u>eiitionr<i  un 
pace  2U'^8 

:Tbi<  oriclnni  draft  nf  the  areonnt  of  this  family  ta  cantrilmleil  by  Mr.  Frank  Oranier: 
to  Ihia  nnmeroiis  addition'  have  bwu  made  liv  ttie  pre»rnt  author*.  Some  of  the  d«»'rip- 
tlona  are  winpted  from  thoae  in  Jordan  ic  tilltiert'ii  Syuopais  Kimhea  N.  A.  All  tbeae 
hare  been  vuritled  ou  now  material. 


ueaolly  witli  2  spiiioii.s  processeii ;  preopercle  with  4  or  5.  Mouth  toniiinal, 
natially  Iiir>;p,  with  Tillilorin  teeth  <m  jiiwB  and  vonier,  ami  iiKually  on  the 
pnlatiiR'is.  I'rcniiixillarii-H  firotrai-tile;  maxillary  broad,  without  wipple- 
in«iit:il  lione,  not  Nlipping  iintler  preorhital.  GilloponinjfB  wide,  e.\ti™dLug 
Ibrwartt  Uclow;  rho  ^ill  ]ueiii1>i;iticn  «i'i|iarftlo  and  fru©  I'roiii  tUu  iMthmuB; 
UHiially  lu)  slit  behind  the  fourth  K'"-  •Soali>a  ntonoid,  or  sniuetiiucB 
cycloid,  uaiiiilly  well  developeil,  Hometiiiu'B  nearly  nbsoirte.  Lateral  liijo 
siDfflti,  cuiitinntniH,  <oikuit(4uI  witli  the  buck;  a  narrow  bouy  stay  oxt«iid- 
inj;  backward  from  the  Huburhitul  toward  tlio  preopiTcle.  Ventral  lins 
thurocic,  of  tli«  nurtnal  perooid  Hinii,  1,  5,  the  rays  branched;  dorwtl  tin 
conttiLiKVHs,  tfouii'timeH  ho  deeply  notchud  as  to  divide  it  into  2  parts,  with 
8  to  It!  rather  strung  ftpiiies  iuul  about  hh  iiiauy  soft  mytt;  anal  rather  Mljort, 
with  !-!  apiuL'R  and  '>  to  10  sol't  rays;  Hott  raya  in  all  thu  Jins  branched, 
except  Boruo  or  all  of  rays  of  the  pectorals ;  pyloric  ca^oa  in  raodi5i'at«  or 
Btimll  nuuiber  (Ich.h  than  VJ).  I'tjeiidobranchiie  large.  Air  bladder  usually 
prt'Bcnt.  Actiiio8t8  moderate,  inM-rted  on  the  posterior  edges  «1"  hy  percor»- 
I'oid  aud  hypocoiaeoid ;  ribs  boniu  ou  entar|[;ed  pleiirapapliyMeB.  Post- 
tetupnral  bifurcate,  uoitiially  connected ;  inyodonie  iiior(>  or  less  developed. 
Genera  ubont  3il;  specieH  about  '250,  iuhabitiujj:  all  seua,  but  especially 
ahtindimt  in  tht*  temperate  parts  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  where  they  form  a 
lar^e  proportion  of  the  lish  fauna.  They  are  uoiinii^ratory  liHhes  living 
ahont  rock..  Mitst  of  tbuni  are  of  large  si/u,  and  all  aro  used  as  food. 
Many  of  them  are  viviparous,  the  yoTiiif;  being  produced  in  gieiit  iiiunbers 
when  about  i  luoh  in  length.  {TrigUdai,  group  Stxti^anina,  QUnther,  Cat., 
u,  5»5,  I860.) 

SKIIASTD«.«: 

n.  Dtiraal  ii]ijn»<i  mom  than  12;  vertebrio  more  than  10  +  14. 

Ij.  Diintnl  sphitw  15  or  16:  vertebmD  about  12  \  10:   palatine  t«eth  praaenti  top  of 
beoil  ncnly,  aralen  «t«Dolil, 
e.  Anal  HI.  7  or  8;  pectoraU  long,  narroiTi  vertebra  12  -i- 111=31. 

SEBAliTRH,  B88. 

et.  \ual  111,  ii;  i>ectorulH  with  lo^rer  ruya  bruadeuetl  or  prolongMl  lata  liugui- 
rurni  ImIjoi  vertebrro  U  i  18  =  29.  SeuastoluuVK.  MO. 

M>.  Dorsal  hjiIuch  13  ur  U;  vnrtebriu  I'J  +  lS=tT. 

i{.  Palatine  trctli  preaeiit.  i^EBABTODia.  090. 

dil.  Palatine  teeth  none.  S&BA8TOP8I8,  (RM. 

Sroiu>ie>'uc.<K: 
an.  Dorsal  flpioes  12 :  vcrtebrn;  10  +  1^=U. 

«.  Polnttno  tM'th  pro-!«t'iit:  anal  raya  asually  III,  5. 

/.  Buuea  of  head  aniruely  oavumona;  occiput  vith  2  pairs  of  splnefi;  icalea 
ct«uiii(l  or  provided  with  dcrmiil  llapa. 
ff.  Pecliiml  with  Hurac  of  ll»  median  rays  more  or  Iras  braaobed. 

A.  Scal<<a  on  top  aud  sidni  of  hood  ctvnold,  rratniini  much  as  ia 

SrtnistvilrM,  the  annuluru  moderato.  IIclicolettus,  002. 

hh.  Sontrja  uu  top  und  aldea  of  head  cycloid  or  wantiuj;;  cranium 

with  many  iipiii(<a.  Scobp^ena,  003. 

gg.  1'ecloml  raya  all  aimplv:  hpail  taore  or  leas  icaly,  the  walva  ctenoid. 

I"o>rrixi'8,  094. 
/.  BoDce  of  head  with  large  ranriferour)  imvitie*;  occipnt  with  only  1  pair  of 
B]iine«i  Bcalea  cycloid:  jiectoral  rays 20  or  more;  bead  Hcaleleaa  aboTO: 
no  groove  at  occipnt;  aome  of  the  pectoral  rayi  branched, 

SITAJICHU,  ns. 


17f.O  Bulktin  47,  United  States  National  Museum, 


688.   SEBASTES,  Cnvier. 

(Ruse-fishes.) 

firboMtn.  Cuvnit,  H*ew>  ADintnl,  Ed.  2.  Vol.  II,  166,  1829  tHoniffita=maHim)>i . 
BtiKbatttt.  .Sjtl-VAOK,  Noiiv.  Archiveo  Mua.  Porll  (2)  l,  187H,  14'ii  (norcr^nnM). 

Body  oMouj^,  cwiiprt^sswl.  Ilea^l  hir^^e,  BC»ly  iibove  and  on  sides;  era 
iiijil  ridgcH  well  di.-velnped.  Mouth  tenniiial,  very  Imiad,  oliliqno,  tlic 
bruud  nbort  raaxillary  osti'Uiliinf  t«  below  tht<  o.ve;  lower  Jiiw  projecting, 
•with  ft  bony  knob  at  tlie  nyiiijihyain,  flttinj^  into  ii  rostral  notch;  villiforiu 
teeth  on  JHW8,  vomer  and  palatlu*?.H.  Ky«  very  large,  rloae  to  upper  pro- 
file; prooperclo  with  5  diverij^iiig  8|iiiie^<,  op&rcle  with  2;  Buprasi-npulitr 
apinea  stroiiK;  gill  rakers  bmy:,  slender.  SimiIps  snitill,  ct«noid.  irregularly 
arraujjfil;  no  di-riual  llaps.  Dorsiil  flu  cuntiiniioiiB,  very  louff,  the  spinoiia 
part  imifh  longer  than  the  soft  piirt,  of  l.">  elriui>;  B))in<tA:  anal  spine*!)  H, 
atroiig;  cniidal  einivrginate;  pectorals  loii^,  iKirrow.  Branrhioetegnlii  7. 
Vertebnc  12  +  19  =  31.  Coloration  mostly  red.  <  ivoviviimroua.  One 
apeoiea  knowu,  in  the  North  Atlantic.     (6tfia6r6i,  uiaguiliceut. ) 


SI74.  8KBA»TEK  MABIM^iS  (Unnieuiik. 

(Rogxns  I  ;   liKDrun;  SNAfPEK;   IlKHOrROAM.) 

Heud  3;  depth  2lt.  D.  XV,  13;  A.  111,7;  lateral  lino  M  itnbes);  scnleti 
nliout85.  Body  ovate;  back  elevated,  th»'  ventral  ontlint;  straightiah;  toji 
of  bead  ovt-nly  scaled;  inti-rorbitnl  space  with  2  low  ridgee,  bfitvreeu 
vvhii'h  it  is  concave;  uaanl  .Kpiues  pri'seiit;  i-ratiial  ridgi's  moderate,  rather 
low  and  sharp,  the  hjiiih-b  sharp;  preuciilar,  Hnpraoculnr,  iioatocniar, 
tympaulo,  and  parietal  ridges  pro.scnt,  tlie  latter  with  the  tip»  abruptly 
divergent  uud  with  pariotikl  .and  iiii<-h:il  spines;  Hupni.'»<'jipular  spines  very 
abarp  and  proiiiliu-iit;  operiMilar  apines  lung  and  nliarp  ;  Hubopercniar  spine 
proniiutut:  prooperciiliir  Hjiiiies  xloiidcr  juid  sharp,  the  second  loDKest; 
suborbital  stay  cilos*  under  orbit,  not  remdiing  prcojitTvle;  prtforbital  nar- 
row, Drith  ".i  spint'S,  Eye  exceedingly  iiirgr,  3  in  hc;id,  more  than  twice ns 
wide  a«  iutororliitiil  H])ace.  Month  very  large,  obi iiino;  maxillary  very 
broad,  rciifbiiig  iiiidille  of  eve,  itJi  length  I'lt  in  head;  preniaxillaries  on 
level  of  middle  of  pupil;  lip  uC  low<>r  Jaw  much  projecting,  with  a  con- 
apiciKnis,  pointed  syiupliyKenl  knob;  uiaudible  and  maxillary  scaly; 
paeudobranchLe  very  large;  gill  rakers  long,  stiff  and  strong.  Dorsal 
spines  sharp,  the  longest  :ibuiU  a«i  long  as  eye,  the  lindeeply  eiiisrgiuaie,  the 
■oft  rays  not  very  high,  higher  than  the  Kpiucs ;  caudal  hfi.rrnTr,  moderately 
forked;  iintil  spines  moderate,  graduated,  the  second  n  little  shorter  than 
eye;  pectoral  rather  long,  reiichiug  vent,  its  base  narrow,  some  of  the 
upper  rays  divided  ;  ventral  reaching  to  vent.  Scales  muisiU,  irregular,  not 
strongly  ctenoid.  Orange  red,  nearly  uiiiiorni,  Hotiietimos  a  dusky  oper- 
cular blotdi,  and  about  5  vagne  dusky  bars  on  the  back;  peritoneum 
brmvoitth.  Length  IS  inches.  North  Atlantic,  abundant  on  both  coasts. 
CBpe<'ially  iiorthwiird:  reeordeil  fmiii  the  north  and  west  coasts  of  Europe 
to  the  British  Channel,  nire  south  of  the  Faroe  Islands;  Arctic  Oce:tn, 
Spitzbergcn;  loohind,  (Irecnl.-ind  ;  a  shore  (Lsh  :is  tar  south  as  Maine,  ftnnth- 
ward  in  deeper  waters,  as  far  as  ofl'  const  v£  middle  New  Jersey.    Accord- 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  Amtrica.     1761 


: 


inj:  to  Ooode  &  15oan  it  breed*  abnnrlantlf  nff  the  south  roast  of  Nevr 
I'jy^luml  ill  late  Hinmiier  lictwecn  KX)-lSfl  fatUoma  and  there  is  no  reosoti 
to  helievo  tlmt  the  .TtniuK  ri»o  (o  the  Bnrfnoe;  the  fry  were  caught  by 
tim  biishot  at  thesi!  <lepthH.  (mariiuu;  mariiic]  Au  important  food-lish 
biMiiitit'uUy  colored.     (Eu.) 

Pcrca.  rnorina.  LiNN^ua,  Sy»t.  Nftt.,  E<1.  X.  I.  290, 1758,  Nt»rw»y:  Attfxii'i  refemir*  lo 

&trtnn\t»  teriba  nmincuanly  inclndrd  in  tbx  iiynonymy. 
Prrea  nitrvfgita,  A.scAXirs,  Icoiies  R«r.  Nut.  1772,  i,  7,  tab.  Ifl,  Norway, 
IliUnfentfiiM  taiiiruinrti;  FabkB,  Fiache  lalanila,  120, 1829,  Iceland. 
Sebmlft  iifplgnlrionalit.  GAiM.viili,  Viiy.  iHluidit  and  GriM^ulauil.  Pciisn,  pi.  B. 
fUlmitr$  ftueiatfu*  StoBEU,  I'roe.  Uoat,  8oc.  Xat.  Hist.,  v,  31, 1854.  Provincetown,  Mail.; 

yoaDg  apMtiineii,  aiii<l  to  liavv  but  13 dorsal  aplnm. 
Pfrea  numtgiea,  MOlXEB,  ZiWil.  Dauica,  M,  1779. 
Mnutti  iioneegieuji,  CCVIBE  A    VALEsriKSSBt..  Hi«t    Nat,  Poiwi.,  IV,  327,  pi.  87,  1819; 

KlcnABrwow,  Fudub  BorBuliAinw,  53,  1836;  Storeh,  HUt.  Flnbeii  Uuaii.,  3H,  pi.  8,  llj;. 

1, 18B7;GrNTKEB.  Cat.,U,»S,  I860;  lilttrrUKH. Challenger  iir|>ort.  XXll.  Dccp.Sea  Fliibea, 

17.  188fl:  CoLU!l'T.  NDrgM  Kinbea,  19;   Dat,  FUbea  of  Oreat  UritaJu,  I,  42,  pL  18; 

Gouus  A'  Mean,  KulI.Eanfx  Itifit..  xi,I4. 
HfboMUs  mariimt.  Wiirri:,  Cat.  Itrit.  Fifth.,  8;   Collctt,  Norake  NordhkTi  Bxpedition, 

Fiake,  15.pl.  t.flp>.3aml  1. 1880:  .JiiiiDAN  ic  (tn.iiEKT.  Synopain, 451,  1883:  LlUJimowi, 

SreriuP*  och  Morgea  Fiakar,  M.  1891 :  UOODE  <).'  HzaH,  Oceanic  Ichthyoing}-,  SOU,  Ug. 

34^,  18(l«. 
StiMutn  rinponi$,\  KK'Iter,  Natnrhiat,  Tiilaakr  ,  i,  271,  l)«44-4.'i,  Norway,  in  aballow  water; 

(iltx,  Proc  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Pliila.  1883, 383 ;  C  L'.ntheh.  ( '»t.,  n.  90. 
Seljiutei  inariiiu§  ciriparxu.  ,T(>KI>AN  .k  GlLSKBT,  Syiiopaix,  Gol.  1883. 
Hfbaitt*  reffutut,  £ia)TBi>M,  BkuiiiL  Fisb.,  Kd.  1. 197,  pUle  uuly,  oo  deac-Tiption. 


689.  SEBASTOLOBUS,  Uill. 
ofotiiM,  Gill,  Report  Smltbaoniao  Inatitatlon  1880,375  (18111),  (ntamyehir). 


Pectorala  with  a,  wide  ImHe,  produced  biickwurd  nuur  tho  upper  margin 
and  not  mMliftlly,  lower  raya  thickened,  (■xtciulinj;  uincb  Imyond  rays  iivst 
above  in  n  liugiiiloriu  lobe;  vi-ntralH  dirtietly  tinder  axilH  of  pectorals, 
with  the  outer  ntys  produced,  thick,  brnnthiHl;  anul  III,  n;  vertebrm 
11  +  in  ^=:  2i) ;  othprwisd  an  in  Sebastet,  Pacific  Ocean  in  deep  water. 
[(Seftttgri'ii,  Sebnnteii;  Aofii'ic,  lobii.) 

a.  Uanial  rayii  XVI,  9;  branrhinatveobi  naked :  eye  3;  In  head.  AijisrANra,  2175. 

(10.  Uursal  raya  XV,  9;  bnuiohiaateKala  ai-alyt  eye  21  la  bead.  ALnVBU8,2176. 

3175.  .SF.IUST<»L(IBIS  .ILASCAXPS,  Beaji. 

He.afl  slightly  more  than  2g  ;  d.-pthl.  I).  XVI  or  XVII,  9;  A.HI,5;  pec- 
toral 22.  Later.il  line  31  (pores).  Itody  comprcHsed,  hciid  lurg<>,  about  nH 
wifle  lis  high,  Eye  large,  3J  in  head,  a  little  lungt^r  thiiii  enoiit.  Interor- 
bitJil  space  n:irrow,  concave,  nearly  3  in  nrbit,  with  a  pair  uf  obscvire  lon- 


*  Body  elong»l«(l.  not  CJinvex  in  frwnt  of  doraiil  tin;  4  rtixfiiiot  diirkbTHwii  trnniivorao 
band*  uu  lb«  Kidea,  the  bruudimt  at  th«  pnxterior  purlii>ii  rif  tin'  lio<ly.  UurxaJ  XI II,  14 ; 
anal  HI, 7.     (Stornr. )     TbJN  i«  dnuUtlenn  a  yiiiiug  •■nniiip|i<  of  Srhatt-t  xian'nujr,  mtil  nift  a 

I  Srbatte$  vieivarut  ia  llioiigbt  l«  he  a  ahtjrn  frrm  or  variety  of  Seha»tet  marittua.  Wo 
liiivn  nut  been  ubU*  In  diHliiis.')!!"''  i'-     Ibf  <  lijiriitl«rK  nllegnl  nr<5  tint  follow  hit: 

U«DL'Tid  I'^olor  liruwiiisb  n-d.  ituiiii'whiit  iiiottIi<d.  uilli  n  bluikisb  MuUli  nii  tlienpercio, 
and  aiinit'  olhiT  hruvvnittli  ajHtla  on  the  IhhIv.  IVrtornI  flit.i  »  litllc  longer  tlino  in  Hdxutta 
^lutrinu':  iiitpnii-uliir  ■(("iici'  raltHr  M:irriiw«T.  Ht-iid  :ij  ;  d<>i>tliril.  1>.XV,H;  .V.III.S. 
Nortbem  -^t'liH  of  Kuropn:  Hiiiallir  tbuii  (li,  {tri^rdin^,  miil  living;  near  aliore;  Ibou^lit  tn 
be  a  ali«Uuw  water  variety  j  porUapa  coullut-iJi  tu  the  Qord«  and  deep  bays  of  the  Kortb. 


1702  Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum, 


gitiidiual  ridgoR.  Criintal  ridgfts  thin  nnd  oliarp,  rtitlier  high ;  nasal, 
prcocnlar,  postornlnr,  tynipanip  niirf  nin'linl  spines  protninent,  abarp,  the 
aupraiii'iiliir  ami  |i:irietui  smnlli-r,  nil  urruiigiMl  in  »  ncnrlj'  iitrnight  lin«>;  % 
anmll  m1i:i|')i  Apinu  lu-.hinil  orliir,  fotlnn-nl  by  :i  larger  rtrlge  and  spine;  • 
ruthcr  »liiir|i  ijpinw  «n  .Hlmiililur;  pri'orliita!  with  -  liro.'»d  blunt  lobes  or 
spines,  witli  ;»  lar;;i-  port*  Iwtween  them:  Biiliorbltal  ridge  ni'ftrly  oontino- 
oim  from  front  of  jircorbital  to  prenpcr'ly,  close  up  under  eye,  thiu  .anfl 
high,  witti  1  Hjiiiic  unilur  anterior  niurgiu  of  orbit,  ikiiothi\r  under  it« 
iititldle,  and  'I  behind  nrbit;  uppnruioKt  preoporcnlar  i!pin<>  long,  with  » 
Mniiillcr  onu  in  front  of  its  Uemc,  the  following  \  mix-h  mnaller,  tbe  last  one 
iiiinutis  opi'rriibvr  ridgeit  and  Hpiiu'H  uenk.  Month  larj^ro,  nearly  horixoa- 
t!»l,  mikxilliiry  rosichin^  noarly  to  ]io.stirior  margin  of  orbit,  abottt  2  to  2?  in 
head;  .jiiws  equal,  Wlv,  low*>r  iui'lmled  laterally  imd  tiTniinating  with  a 
slight  aynipLyseal  kuob;  anterior  ends  of  preuiaxillariiis  enlarged,  den- 
tigcroii8,  with  u  proinineiit  iiuuy  projeutiou,  and  widely  separated  by  an 
interv.il  into  wbich  tits  the  tip  of  lower  jaw.  Teetb  iu  very  narrow  bands 
oTi  vomer  and  pulatincH,  in  broader  baudx  on  jaws.  Gill  rakert)  «hort.  den- 
tiiMiiute,  aliout  11  niovabin  and  about  5  rndiuinDtsou  anU<riur  limb  of  tint 
arch,  rsrndobriinchia'  rathor  large.  I 'orsal  spinca  rather  low,  tbe  fourth 
and  liflU  longest,  about  3}  in  head,  tho  thirteentb  and  fonrtecntb  very 
short,  mont  than  :)  in  thr  fifth ;  HiM'ontl  ana!  Hpiue  tongent  and  stron^^eat, 
24  in  head,  a  little  longer  than  soft  ruyH,  but  not  reaching  thoir  tipn  when 
laid  back;  origin  of  ventral*  under  base  of  pectorals;  pectoral  rays 
long,  rvai'hiag  tu  vout,  and  uiuch  beyond  tip  of  ventrala;  rays  nearly  all 
brantlii'd,  thi'  upper  mnoh  longer,  about  7  lownr  rays  broad  and  exsiTtM; 
baflo  of  ]iBi"toral  not  pioenrrent,  broad,  3|  in  bead.  Scales  on  body  large, 
strongly  cteTioiil,  those  on  head  partly  eyrloid;  mandible,  branch iostogal 
uieuibranys,  and  (ip  of  Hoont  naked;  inuxillary  with  a  pateli  of  sealea; 
[ircojierclr  with  a  few;  preoi'bital,  checku  and  intisrorbital  space  seal j; 
banal  lialf  <>f  peetoral  nietnbraneH  and  wiodo  «f  rays,  basal  part  of  xpt- 
noiiH  dorwal,  banal  half  id'  Koft  dor.-iul  membranei^  ;»rid  whole  length  of  rayi 
and  tbe  ventrals,  e;aiilal  and  anal  ahnoHt  i-ntirely  scalt^d;  brcactt  scaly; 
banal  [larlof  veiitnils  naked.  Color  reil :  a  dark  pateli  between  first  and 
third  diirHn I  spines,  another  between  nivth  and  eleventh;  distal  partes  of 
caudal  anil  veutrals  and  lower  rnyH  of  pectorals  dark :  gill  cavities  8om»- 
what  dusky;  peritoneam  white.  Boring  .Sen  and  Pacilic  coast  of  Alsskii, 
Wa.shington,  Oreguu,  auil  (.'alilbrnia,  in  109  to  786  fathoms.  Here  de- 
scribed from  spccansens  obtained  by  tho  AlhalroHt.     {alatf^Hut,  Alaskan.) 

Sfbatlololiiu  alatcattui,  IIBan,  Prix;.  U.  8.  Xat.  Uus.  lOtM,  44,  oft  Trinity  Islands,  Alaatca, 
in  isg  fathoms  (Coll.  AUiatruu) :  TrlLBKBT,  Kopl.  U. S.  Fiali  Comm.  18»3  (18IM),  4UB.' 


*  Dr.  nilliert  b&H  tht-  fnllovrin;;  note  on  SthaiUtMHUi  alasmnui: 

" ytea^mMiag  cloHtl.v  s.  imieroctiir,  bat dirtfrinc  ovnatnntlv  in  tbo  incresaed  nnintieruf 
ilomal  Hpiiiiw,  16  (17  in  oiik  n|>iH:iiiten)  innteud  of  15.  iiuil  in  tfii>  limuer  iiecond  anal  «|iliio. 
Ht'jwl  24  In  leucih;  iln]itb  4  iiii  »|ii-ciiiii>n  SMI  mm.  Um^).  T'nrt-ji  of  Uleral  lloe  35.  Uorsul 
XVI.  9;  annl  III,  ^:  |iei'l(irnl  21.  Minitli  Uri;r.  the  maillUir.v  iieitrlvrt««hliiK vertical fniin 
pitnUsrior  IxtrdtT  of  orliit,  Ztii2i  in  lieud,  ilH  width  cn^iitor  timu  ifinmoteroT  popU.  I're- 
maxillary  bund  of  tci-ih  whlc  nbiittine  Inr^ii'ly  oiit.iidi>  manillblo  iu  Trout  and  on  the 
HideH:  ft  rons|iii'n(iii->  inlu-ivle.il  lip  •<■' t-Ai^li  premntillary  wilii  n  dn-ji  vniareioiitiuu  hi- 
I'WMtn  tht' two.  intowhiali  lits  tijii  lip  «f  ll]o  iiiuidilile.  A  Hiuall  Icunb  at  mandilialar 
Hynipkyniii.  i:,><-  larni',  IJ  to.3Jin  heod. 2}  tiiiiiM  tlieintcmrhilnl  »i<lth.  Craiiialridi:tv<  ami 
»|iiti(i«  olHiut  as  in  tliculliiT  apcoins  of  tlin  ueniiii.  lint  thv  oci-ipilal  ridgen  iiut  xtroiiKly 
divrriiloK,  u»  in  .v,  macnrhir.  Prt^orbltal  iWHt'Tiorlv  witli  a  ripinuiiH  point,  a»  Id  .V.  aititrlii, 
i>or«m  spiuus  Igw,  the  cvntoor  of  the  tin  evenly  ruuDdod,  tho  spines  iooreasing  rctfulariy 


Jordan  and  Evemmnn, — Fishes  of  North  America,     1763 


aiTfl.  SFBiSTOrOBIS  (I.TIVRMS,  Gilbert. 

Boily  Hk'iidcr,  depth  35  iu  lengtli ;  head  2i;  Intcral  liuu  .1H  tu  35  pore«. 
D.  XV,  R;  A.  Ill,  r>;  pui-toral  2*2.  Mcnitli  Ijirjxn,  13  iii  head,  maxillary  reach- 
ing posterior  mar<»in  rif  pupil ;  mandiUlB  latorally  and  iu  IVout  shnt- 
tiiig  ivithin  the  widn  pn-inaxillnrv  hand  of  teeth,  its  tip  fitting  into  an 
cnmr^riniitioii  hetwneti  premaxilhirips,  and  boiiriiij;  a  short  Hymphyseal 
kuoli.  Huiids  of  t«>eth  on  iiinndible,  voiiior,  and  paliiliiK'H  imrro« .  Kyo 
very  lar^e,  3  iu  liend,  3  times  iiitenirhital  widtli.  Interurbitiil  uiirrow, 
scaled,  concave,  with  2  low,  rounded  rid(;<'8.  Craniitl  rldfjcM  strong,  tcr- 
iniliitting  ill  sharp  Bpines,  aijrefiiig  with  th<ta<!  in  >'.  idn»canH»x\uA  S.  mniro- 
rhir.'  Preorhitiil  wido,  partially  overhippiiig  niitidle  third  of  umxillary, 
posteriorly  with  a  forwiirdly  directed  triatii-iilnr  Bpiii«,  in  front  of  which 
i«  ;i  I«n>j  slit-lilve  luncons  |iorp.  A  hluiit  tilhorclo  diret,t»<d  forwiinl  from 
front  of  eiM.h  protiiaxillary,  less  protuUuiut  than  iu  S.  nlimranus.  Dorsal 
spines  long  and  comparatively  strong,  tho  third  always  tho  htgheHt, 
the  outline  of  tin  hehiud  it  straight  or  coiii-ave,  ucver  convexly  rouii<lo<l, 
asi  in  S.  macrookir  aud  .*$.  alatcanun.  In  the  typo  opccimeii  tho  longest 
spine  is  contained  Iji  timt-H  iu  length  of  lieiid.  The  spine  before 
the  laat  is  s.rarrply  longer  than  the  one  preceding,  the  l:u<t  spine  again 
lengthened.  Second  anal  spine  uNiially  rurvLMl,  much  longer  ami  atronger 
than  third  und  longer  th:iu  soft  rays,  itsi  length  1}  to  2  in  head.  Iu  the 
typp  it  "is  almoniiall)'  ctii  vcd.  Vpntr.'i]«  rejicliiiig  tu  vent;  pectorals  to  front 
of  anal;  ]»erti>ral  fin  very  broad,  the  lower  7  rays  tliiekencd  and  extended 
beyond  uieinbrancs,  the  lobe  thus  formed  Mubject  to  macli  variation,  being 
iiniiiinally  Hhort  in  the  ty]ie.  Scales  rough  ctenoid.  Mandible  scaled  at 
base  inily,  the  head  otherwise  completely  invested,  including  tho  liranchi- 
ostegnl  rays  and  monibranei^.  Fin  membranes  covered  with  lino  ctenoid 
scales.     Color  red ;  a  dark  blotch  on  meinbraneM  between  first  ami  third 


from  ttia  first  ta  the  foarth.  then  nt  re^nilnrly  dlininlnldiig  tn  thij  fanrtfenth ;  the  Hfteentb 
and  9lxt««iit)i  BKitiii  leucllieuptl.  Xln.'  lunc'At  iiplnt.'  lit  cunLttiai'd  fnnu  '.!!  t-u  2t  tinira  in 
th»  lon^tli  uf  lli»  lu'iid.  StM'oiiil  anal  Hitiiio  htu^i^i  ntiA  Alroiieor  tlmiu  tlilnt,  tiqnaliiif;  or 
exi'cvdiiig  Uiigtli  of  soft  raypi,  it»  Ipiit'tli  2  to  '.'I  in  that  iif  hi-iiu,  Vt'iilrulB  imiiallv  marct'ly 
rftachlug  yeut.  tln'  [H^eUirnJi  uot  rcnt'liiiiK  frunt  of  utial.  Lowm-  n^tturnl  lab«  iiniiauklly 
tiroad,  rontainii  T  tnO  thii  heiieil  rays.  iTiiad  li'fla  irompliMHyHciiled  tiinn  in  S.  altirrlU,  the 
bnuiobloatcgkln,  luamliUli-,  iiiuxilluiy.  ubiI  Iuvvkf  purtiun  o(  prLxt]i«rolu  wUuUy  naked. 
Color  reil ;  a  liln^rk  blutcb  uci'iipios  the  tnunibranefi  iif  the  tirtit  ibrt^  aEurHal  BpiiiuD,  u  mac- 
ond  exIcmlH  friiiii  tlio  nittli  (mIIki  t>ltivi>ii1h  »piiiCH;  iimrKiii  of  petlnrul  uiid  vvntml  Una 
lilaok;  1141  hbick  blotch  tM^bJnd  al^cc)n(l  una!  apiiii-:  jieritoneioii  nnd  lii)i]}|;  of  gill  rnrily 
white.  Thia  ftpeci^n  diftera  from  S.  nllireli'  in  tho  lower.  luiii:or,  evenly  rtMinilL-il  .ipinoua 
dorwd,  the  wblte  lioinf;  of  the  ):ill  cavity,  uud  the  partly  naked  hniiil.  U  hah  t;i.ki>n 
■biiDdiiDtly  on  thn  Alnakan  ojtpfilltjnn.  bciua  rfprosi-ntfil  from  tho  lollowinK  »t«tioii«: 
3227.  3324.3330,  3:131.3332  3,'i:i7,33M,a33».:i;i40,:iS43.  334(1  SMT.iinil  ;!:!48.  Tbew  ure  birulfd 
III  n«riiig  S4^,  north  of  I'mLlaaka  iHlaiid ;  iu  tho  Norib  Pacific;  aoiitliroai  of  ntiltiuik 
lahio'I,  and  olf  tho  rnai^tA  of  Wii«hin;^loii,  Oreffon,  and  (^'alifomia,  in  deptlia  of  from  109 
toTM  I'lithnnia.  " 

*  Tbu  fidlowin^  ia  a  deaiTiption  of  the  type  of  tho  genua  Schnjttolobua  from  Japan : 
S«txut:t.,bii>  wiorroc/iir  (Giintlier):  Hnad  2i:  depth  3J.  1).  XV.fl;  A.  I II,  .S;  V.  22  (V). 
L<kt.  line,  rilioiit  45.  Sculen  rather  regular.  Ey  vvry  largu.  much  lonj^or  thau  aauot,  3  in 
lieail.  Month  wide,  inaxllhiry  reanhiiig  lieydnd  middle  of  eye.  Toetb  on  mundihlea, 
vomer,  and  pulutineain  very  hiirrow  liiiiidH.  thoae  ou  pn.Miiaxilfarieo  in  ttoniowtiat  briiuder 
liMida.  liit*'nirliital  ap.tc^  tlattiab.  narntw,  Hcaleleaa,  nliout  2^  lu  orSit.  Oroipital  region 
flat,  with  nouie  rndiiiieiitary  aealiit.  I'rooctihir.  aiipiaiNiihir.  pontiK'ulnr,  tyin|iaiiir,  pari- 
etal, uud  norbal  rtjiiiK^  prt'BOTil.  Interorhitai  Hiay  wltli  atrong  «piiie».  I'riwiperclo  with 
5  pointe<l  nplnen.  Each  rnmnn  of  maiidilde  with  3  large  pnrcH.  Doraul  djiinefl  rntlier  fee- 
ble, tblrd  to  Aixtli  longeHl. 'Ji  lu  bead.  Anal  Hpinea  atronger,  but  xborter  Ibou  Icuigeit 
dorsal  ^plIleH.  <;,'iudnl  tniiicatc.  t'ertoral  estrcniely  broad,  .'i  or  <i  lonor  ravs  elongated 
beyond  thoH4<  alHive  them,  their  extn'iioliea  aomewlml  thickene<l,  and  ii84!d  like  theainii- 
lar  out«'r  ventral  rayH,  um  uu  i»rgait  of  loconiotiaii.  Poctonila  reae.hliig  vent,  veiitruin 
beyond  vent.  Ke<l.  a  largo  black  spot  nn]ion1crior  half  of  •pinoiin  dnraal,  nnotber  lictweeu 
•salapinea.    Length  U  iucbea.    Inliind  .seauf  Japan,  off  Inoalma,  348  fatbums.    (UUntlier.) 


17f)  1         Bulletin  ^7,  Untied  States  National  Museum. 


dorBal  Hpin6s,  nD<1  a  largo  one  boginuing  back  of  fourth  apine  and  extend- 
ing along  entire  upper  edge  of  lin;  edge  of  pectoral,  vontriil,  anal,  ;ind 
Bometiuiee  caudal.  Muck.  lu  Hutiie  spui-imens  a  black  blntcli  on  luenibrnne 
back  of  second  iiiiul  spine,  &»  i\\  S.  tiiacrofhir.  Opercular  lining  blackish, 
this  visible  exterua^lly  iix  a  diinky  blotch.  Aleutian  Isliiuds.  Tbe  type  i» 
a  speoimeTi  .S25  mm.  (12}  iricliea)  lon^^  taken  Hontli  of  the  Alaskan  Penin- 
Hiila  of  Alu«kii  lit  a  dc>ptb  of  02.~i  fatlionis.  No  other  specimen*  ^ett- 
aisciircd  daring  tlie  Aliiskiui  expedition  of  IKSK),  l>iit  tbe  species  waA  lat«r 
found  tu  bo  iiliit().4t  e(|na]ly  aUinidaiit  Avith  S.  ataiivaHii*  m  deep  water  ort' 
tlie  cn;iHt  of  C'alifcintiii.  From  jS.  ultwcanwii  it  is  distiuguiKhable  at  Aigbt 
by  tht!  contour  of  the  apinoua  doraiil  tin,  tbo  amaller  uiimbcr  of  dorsal 
HpineK,  and  tbo  dii«ky  lining  of  the  uponle.  Fnim  ■'i'.  macroeliir,  with 
which  it  ugretH  in  its  titi  formula,  it  is  distingnirtbed  by  the  greater  htMght 
of  both  dorsji!  and  anal  spioes,  and  in  the  dilTcn'ut  contour  of  tbo  tipinoti>> 
dorsal. 

Tbo  following  description  ia  taken  (by  Mr.  Cnuner)  from  a  specimen 
from  off  San  Diego: 

Head  24  to  2ij ;  depth  3J.  D.  XV,  9;  A.  Ill,  .">.  Transverse  rowof  8<-alo« 
about  33.  Bmly  compressed;  head  rather  large,  very  slightly  cumprosfiod 
in  region  of  orbit.  Eye  very  large,  orbit  I'J  iu  head,  nearly  twice  aa  largo 
aa  snout.  luterorbital  siiaco  very  narrow,  Sj  in  orbit,  moderately  con- 
cave, with  2  cluMcly  approxinialud  frontal  ridges.  Cranial  ridges  tbiii  and 
sharp,  not  very  high;  preocnlar,  supraocular,  piistoculiir,  tympanic,  parie- 
tal, and  uuchal  spinen  present,  arranged  in  a  stTiiight  line,  all  sharp;  a 
sharp  spiue  bebijul  orbit,  '2  on  shoulder.  Moutli  large,  nearly  horizontal; 
maxillary  reaching  posterior  margin  of  pupil,  li*  in  lio.od,  somewhat  dilated 
lirhind.  Jaivsei|uah  lower  jaw  included  laterally,  and  with  a  very  slight 
syinnhysoal  kuob;  priMnaxitlaric^  not  mci-ting  iu  front,  each  with  a  small 
liony  pruiiiiiii'nce;  tiji  of  lower  jaw  fitting  into  the  cniargimition.  Kroad 
liaudH  of  tectli  oii  juwa  and  narrow  baud.-t  on  vomer  and  palatines.  Pre- 
orbital  rather  broad,  with  2  large  slit-like  pores,  it«  lowc^r  nntrgin  Ainnate, 
without  s)>ioes;  suborbital  t^tay  close  under  rim  of  orbit,  with  3  sharp 
spinoH,  the  sharp,  high  kc«l  bof^inuiiig  at  anterior  edge  of  jireorbitail  and 
extending  across  prooporcio;  jireopercular  spines  small,  sharyi,  diverging, 
the  uppernioat  largest,  with  a  small  spine  in  front  of  its  base;  opt-rcubtr 
Hjiiucis  niiuutt'.  No  pit  between  suborbital  stay  and  orbit.  Gill  rakers 
short,  l.'i  ou  aut<:-rior  limb;  pseudoliraiichiie  small.  No  pit  at  orrlpiit; 
space  between  parietal  ridges  slijjbtly  concave.  Anterior  dorsal  spine* 
somewhat  curved,  tho  third  longest,  '2i  iu  head,  the  thirteenth  about  4  aa 
long;  longest  soft  rays  about  equal  to  longest  spine;  second  aual  apinn 
strongly  curved,  much  stronger  and  longer  than  third,  about  H  In  head, 
roaeliing  beyond  aoft  rays;  ventrals  not  attached  to  belly  by  a  niem- 
bniue;  pectorals  reaching  far  beyond  ventrals,  nbuut  to  origin  of  anal; 
lower  5  rays  sliglitly  thickened,  exscrted,  rays  all  branched;  baso  of  tin 
broad,  about  3i  in  heail,  not  procurrcnt.  Scales  of  body  large,  very 
strongly  ctenoid,  easily  decidnou.s,  those  on  bead  cycloid;  maxillary,  pre- 
orbitaU  cheeks,  int»'r«rbital  space,  operelo,  breast  and  branchfostegal  mem- 
brance  scaly;  tins  thickly  covered  with  cycloid  scales;  lower  jaw  nake<l. 
Color  IU  alcohol  reddish;  a  small  dark  blotch  between  tint  and  third 


Jordan  and  Evtrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1765 

doraal  apiuea;  itpinoiia  ilorxal  lilack-<)d{;e(l ;  lipn  iif  fan<lal  aud  ventriil  fins 
uJid  of  ponterifir  anal  and  lower  ]H)ct-oral  ruyB  diiHk.v;  i«'rit<)iieniii  Hilvor.v 
with  Bcntteri'd  siiinll  lil:ii-k  hjiuIh.  Len^'tli  iilirnit  :i  fout.  .Maoknii  I'euin- 
Niila  to  Sail  I'iego,  iii  det^j)  uatcr.     (aliU-tW*;  altut,  liij[;li;  rcfum,  nail.) 

Sebatlololmn  atlivrlii.  (ilUiCRT,  Kepi.  L'.  S.  Flub  Comiii.  Itifla  |1BW«),  -ilU,  yil.Za,  south  of  the 
Aiaiksn   Peninsula   at  Albatroaa  Station   3338,  in  025  fkthonw.     (Type,  Xo.   nut 

■uiinit'd.  ('■  -s.  Xut.  Mils.   Cull.  (;uu<Tt.) 

SfliatUi  mamchir.  UOirrilEB,  Cliullcujjcr  Report,  Shme  f  lahoa,  65,  pi.  27, 18HU,  Inland  Sea 
of  Japan,  off  Inoslma,  lo  34s  ratboros. 

690.  SEBASTODES,  GUI. 


(KoCKriBKKS.) 

Bebaitodrt,  GII4.,  Prpc.  Ac.  Nut.  Sci.  Phila.  1861, 185  {paveiDpinit). 
SefmntifhthtiM,  (iiLi.,  Priw.  Ac.  Nat- Sci.  Pliila.  1862,320  {nii/roeinettu). 
StbattotHHu;  CillX.  Vr\»\  Ac'Nul.  S4:i.  T'hila.  18IM.  147  (tnelanayt). 
AWoJtomtw,  (;iLU  I'roc.  Ar.  Mai.  Set  I'liiln.  ISM.  147  iroiaeevt). 
AeutoiMntum,  Huisyu^fia  U  BcEBO.t,  Amurican  Naluralial  181)3,069  {oralit). 
Primott>ina.  Kios.mi.vns  fi  IIgi^on,  Atnerioan  Naturaliat  18S3,  (MM  (myttiniu). 
JtrrnitoduM,  EiOBKMANN  &  BEB.SOK.  Aiucrican  Maturaliat  18S3, 670  (maligrr). 
Avctoffnnn,  KidKjtMANTi  fi,  liKnaoy,  AnierioaD  Naturalist  18iW.  67<>  (awr»«iil««M*). 
Kvtieota,  JoRu.i-V  it  Eversians,  Cbeclc-Lint  Fialms  N.  and  U.  A.,  4M,  IHyfl  ^inni|;«r). 
Kotebasleg.  JOKiiAN  &  EvEitXAN.N,  ('bwli'Liat  Finltos  N.aod  M.  A.,4:iO,  181*0  (atirura). 
nijc;»ii H«CTi.  JobuanA  EvE:ttMA>'>',Cbeck-Li>tFisli«aX.  andM.  A.,  131, 1880  (rwtririncitM). 
Jlmmelat,  JiiKdan  &.  KyKUMAim,  vow  8iib{;i>Dae  {ffltittctiM). 

Body  stud  head  soiuowhiit  compressoil ;  Lend  liuge,  23  to  3}  iu  length  of 
body;*  depth  2J  to  :-i|  in  lungth  of  body;  mouth  nioderate  or  large,  with 
the  jows  eijiinl  or  the  lower  more  or  less  pro.j««'tinjt;  the  maxillary  rejith- 
iiig  middle  uf  eye  cir  beyond,  soiiiPtlmea  beyoud  posterior  odge  of  orbit,  it« 
loDgth  from  li  to  '.i  in  head  ;  tuetli  iu  villiform  builds  on  jaws,  vonior,  and 
palatines.  Keo^l  more  or  leott  evenly  scaled,  without  dermu!  Haps;  inter- 
orbital  space  convex  or  I'lincave,  wid»iiiug  markedly  with  ii;^u;  cranial 
ridges t  more  or  less  developed,  onu  or  more  of  the  foUowLng  pairB  always 


'  Tbo  b<n);lb  uf  b(alv   in  llipiit!  ileaeriptiana  Ih  moaanred  in   the   iiaual  way,Lo.,fi-om 
tip  uf  aauul  Uj  baau  uf  cuuilul  rtu. 

t  IMo^ram  0/  cranial  ridgei  0/  Sebatlodei. 


/   f 


NaiMl. 

Ii.  I'ri'ociilar. 
r.  jjiijiniuvular. 


-\    /a 


d.  P(»t<«:uliir. 

e.  Tvni)>iuil<:. 
/.  Curunal. 


o.  Pnrlftal. 
h.  Nuibal. 
».  Kytw. 


17(5(5  PulMin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


present,  uitually  ondinK  in  spinea:  pntocular,  aiipriMcttlar.  postocnlar, 
t,vini>imi<',  coronal,  parietal,  !in<l  iihcIimI.  Fivo  prt-opeiculiir  and  2  opor- 
piiliir  apinefl ;  1  to^Kpiiiesuu  tliettiipraacnpiila.  Suliarliitalatiiy  moderate, 
UHiiitUy  not  reaching  preoperrlc.  Gill  rakers  various,  from  very  long  and 
flltiuder  to  very  Hhort.  Scales  moderate  or  small,  mostly  ftenoid,  35  to  liW 
traufi\<-r«e  iteries.  Dorsal  tin  coiitiuuuiis,  eiunrgiiuite,  its  formula  XIII,  12 
to  X'n;  atial  fiit  III.  5  to  I*.  Poctorals  well  developed,  the  base  brood  or 
narrow,  the  lower  rays  uudivided.  Ciiudal  slightly  rounded,  triincat«,  or 
MliKtitly  forkcil;  soft  parts  of  vertical  lins  more  or  less  scaly.  Pyloric 
circa  (>  to  11.  Vtjrteliric  12  -f  Ifi.  Speries  of  varied,  often  brilliant  colon, 
mostly  red.  Hexes  colored  alike.  The  j^-oup  inhabits  the  two  shores  of 
the  Northern  Pacilic  Ocean ;  some  of  tlio  species  are  extremely  Ijocaliiiml; 
exeaediiigly  abnudaut  in  rouky  ]daces  alon^  the  west  coast  of  the  United 
States.  Tliey  we*m  to  disappeiir  rather  abruptly  to  the  boutk  of  sonthem 
California,  :iini  the  number  of  speeies  dwindJes  northward;  none  Arctic-, 


f^ 


M6i  ^    ^^ 

M&UITOnBS  IIOSACCfA. 

Spines:  o,  priMnnlar:  6,  xupraiKuUir:  c.  postocuUr;  d,  tympanic:  <■,  imriuUl. 

the  bulk  (if  th<'  jjioiip  inhabiting;  teiiiporate  waters.  The  vertical  range 
of  miKt  of  the  MpecicM  is  rather  limited  ;  some  live  in  and  near  tide  wat«r, 
anil  ji  fuw  jipiiules  b:ivo  btieii  tukmi  at  a  ilcpth  of  1,IKX)  feet.  All  ore 
ovoviviparourt,  bnngiuf;  fitrth  •»rniit  niinibiM's  of  youu^,  which  are  nearly  ^ 
imh  in  leiiju'tli  when  boni.  The  species  dill'cr  ifreatiy  in  form  and  amiA- 
titre,  and  in  the  rxt^'usiou  <»('  the  Iniues  of  the  cruniiim,  but  the  generk 
ba-sod  fill  these  di(l'erenf<>8  int<>rf;rijde  tun  clDsciy  to  ailrnit  of  deliuition, 
uotwitlistandiug  the  gfreiit  differeiiceM  which  appear  on  cumparisuu  of 
extreme  furiiis. 

The  followiii);  detailed  remarks  on  the  osteology  and  relations  otStboi' 
todet  are  taken  from  Cramer's  memoir,  "On  the  crimial  characters  of  the 
genuB  Stfbtutodet:"' 


•  PpM-.  Hal.  Ae.  Sci ,  awlH  2.  ToL  V,  18(MS,  ST;<-6I0,  pis.  ST-TO:  raprintvd  M  CvDtribatioM 
to  Uiology  from  the  Hopkins  Seaaldo  Lulmntury,  Xo.  u . 


The  cLiiriict«riatii'  spines  aud  rid^ea  are :  Thu  yireocular  ou  the  anterior 
Hiiptrior  bi>nli%  oi'  tht-  orliit;  t!io  siiiH-aocular,  iie:ir  the  I'llgti  «i|'  the  fi'<.iutal 
boDe  iibdvu  the  iiiiclille  of  thu  orbit;  the  ]ioBtoful;ir.  ttahiiid  tlio  8ii|triii)cu- 
lar,  aud  thi«  t-ytiniaiiic,  liobiiiil  the  pimtoi'i]l:ii'  on  tjjii  rroiit:il  Imnv  ucur  tLo 
siijieriur  poBtiuior  anyle  nf  the  urliit;  and  tlui  [mrittal,  jirt'Mtiut  iii  all  Iho 
Hpc'ciuH, »  lonj^ituiliiml  ridgu  on  the-  iniildkt  of  tliu  jiarictal  l>uiio.  (M'tbe8« 
I'ldiieH  ull  tiiuy  bt)  nb>«(<iit  uxvojit  tbi.^  ]iurivtal,  »nd  in  the  iliflrrmU  sitci'ica 
ill  whicli  thoy  are  prtweiit  differ  exceed iuj^ly  iu  the  dcgri>L>  nl'  their  devid- 
opiiieiit.  Tiio  tliickuoBU  of  the  lioues  of  the  skull  I*  j;eui*rully  (Jorrelatcd 
with  other  cbanictcrs,  nithfr  thin  papery  HkiiUs  heiiriuH;  strongly  devel- 
oped bony  rtdgi'9.  whilu  tlm-ker  iiml  more  lioiiy  hUiiIIs  have  the  ridges  l»>w 
or  uhsoIet«.  Uut  there  iire  Huveral  exicptiou^  to  the  rule.  Other  chariio* 
tera  »t  first  seem  importaiit,  lint  :ui  thuy  occur  in  a  I'uvr  spccifH  only,  fiir 
apart  in  the  serii-s,  they  must  be  regarded  as  (.porndic.  Thua  uiichal 
spines  are  present  iu  S.  levit,  cbhrostictun,  nuront,  aud  cuntlellalHs  (lu  the 
last  specieH  i-onnected  with  ii  tendency  of  the  rtd^'e*  to  break  up  iuto 
tipiiiei*  and  tiiben-leB),  but  tliey  arc  inconstant  oven  in  the  Kpo<.ie»  in  which 
they  oc»'nr,  ao  that  it  is  doubtful  whether  they  are  always  present  in  any 
species.  The  eorouul  spine.s^  lik<-wise  inrotistaut,  are  UHUuUy  present  in 
5.  aurora,  aud  nearly  alwayK  preaeut  in  ^.  auiiviilatus. 

In  some  apecioa  in  which  pairs  of  ttpiuea  are  normally  ab»ont,  these  are 
BOiiietinies  present  in  a  nidiniontaiy  or  distorted  form,  either  singly  or  in 
2>aira.  Atthou;:L  the  /xiHcioyiijii*  gT<nip  ts  eliaracterized  by  tlie  abMeiice 
of  the  uanal  jiaiiK  of  apiu<'K  in  adiil(»,  2  adult  I'auviDjnnii  Hknlls  had  a 
rndiuioutary  sopra-  or  [lost-ociilar  on  tlio  left  side,  aii<l  a  very  yimrig  Hkul] 
of  tbia  divlaiou  had  rtidimeiitary  lyiu|ianic  spiuea  on  both  side>4  and  a 
poAtorular  on  tliev  loft  side;  a  iiiudiiim-Ki/ed  »u7<>iio;j«  had  u  rudimentary 
right  tynipaulu;  and  a  lar^e  one  hnd  a  p:iir  of  poatnciilara  and  a  dctbrnied 
loft  6U]iraiicul:ir ;  a  young  jtaiidua  had  a  rudimentary  right  postociihir;  in 
au  ri'mijatuK,  in  ivhich  the  HOfiraoi-nlarH  are  noiiiially  absent,  thu  spiines 
were  still  pii-aeut  ici  the  form  «>f  low  liiuiipsou  the  ridge;  iu  another  speci- 
jnen  the  wnpraocular  npiue  Wiia  sharp  aud  perleetly  distinct. 

Hilgc  iidorf  oxprcsseil  the  belief  that  when  I  of  the  2  pairs  of  Ftpines 
(anpraocnlar,  imaloeular,  and  tyin|ianic)  ia  absent,  it  ia  the  sii[iraociibir 
and  not  the  postoeiilar  that  ban  disappeared.'  Tbi.t  ia  proved  by  aevernl 
series  of  farts.  When  the  '.i  spines  :iri'  ]ircaont  together,  the  distance 
Itoui  the  batio  of  the  tympanic  to  the  bane  of  thi'  anjiraocidar  ou  the  one 
hanri,  anil  the  diMtance  from  the  anpraoi-iilar  to  the  prcot  nlar  on  thu 
other  hand,  are  to  each  other  iu  many  species  as  1  to  1,  varying  from 
this  ratio  to  1  to  3  in  rosacput;  while  where  1  of  the  spines  is  absent, 
the  relative  diHtauces  vary  from  3  to  10  to  3  to  15  (except  nebiilointii,  2  too). 
Theae  meaanreinents  give  the  all  but  invariable  rule  that,  when  1  of  the 
Hpines  ii!i  absent  the  ao-ealled  snpraocitlar  occupies  the  poHitiou  of  the 
postocular.     When  both  the  supraocular  and  poatoenlar  are  prcaent  and 


•  Jlilgenilorf ;  tTcIwrnicht  iiljor  dio  .i»pBuiin'lii>n  .S<'ba*ic«  Arleu,  Sit/.unM.llt>rielil  dnr 
lTfli4«llH(-tiafi  N'utiirfor^chendtuB  Kreiindf:  r.ii  lU^rliii,  21.  I>(-c.,  IHSO,  p.  168.  "T>:ifl  lunxinuuii 
Villi  l^iinii'ii  am  ilU<<rk<i|if'  koitiinl  l>«i  .S'.  marinoraluM  vor,  iiuiiilirb  I'iDer  in  der  NaaenoO' 
eeiid,  dri  Diu<a1di>iti,  ilri-i  niif  dt^m  Aiitfeurjuid,  Orbital  durnctt,  von  ileuun  deriiiittlero  b«l 
deu  iDdu-ru  Artcu  zuerat  verscbwiniiot," 


1768         Bulletin  //,  United  States  National  Museum. 


difler  iu  size  (which  in  iiBiially  tlw  rasHS),  the  siiprancnlar  is  iiiyariali]j- 
weaker  than  the  iiostor-TiIar.  The  doprcKsioii  liBtwoen  the  ty^nipauic  and 
postocular  ia  always  ilcep,  wbilo  betweuu  tho  jiiiotoculiir  and  siiitraorular 
there  is  freiiaeiutly  a  well-iiiiukctil  lidjije  (lAiorowfirfK*,  rlmttochloria,  rubrrri- 
mnn).  III  leih  tluj  true  »iipr:itiiulur  is  nHiially  pri'sent;  in  the  sikull  at 
hand  it  waa  absent,  Imt  on  one  hhUi  a  Idunt  knob  rn-riipieil  thr  position 
leqiiired  by  the  rule  of  FKlativo  distuur'es,  aud  .just  liebind  this  ]ioiiit,  on 
both  HidcH,  thiTi'  wua  a  dcprossioti  in  thl^  otherwise  4'oiitiunouM  ridge, 
niftrkiu^  tlu-  depresstuii  betwx'oii  Uw  mipra-  aud  post-ocnlarH.  In  the  xkiill 
4it'  elonyalmi,  in  which  1  of  tlie  pairs  of  Hpiiies  in  nnrnially  absent,  there 
ia  :i  b>w,  rouiciil,  rudimentary  »pitii'  on  the  left  «ide,  ocottiiying  the  poai- 
tioa  of  the  supraurnhkr,  iia  required  by  tho  rulo  of  ndative  di.stano<i8. 
These  facts,  taken  tO)fi*tlmr,  suum  t<i  cMst^ibIi>ih  the  enuclueion  that  when 
1  of  the  trio  of  paira  of  npinrs  in  a1i»uut,  the  snpraoouhir  spiue  has  dia- 
appctarod,  <iiid  tiiu  Hiipraucular  ridge  nierge<l  with  the  ]iostoc'ular. 

Of  thu  ('haiit;e8  that  taki)  ]ihu-u  with  increasing  age,  tho  following  are 
amung  tho  most  roimtiiut:  The  lumen  of  the  skiill  ^row  thicker  aiid  in 
very  large  Kpecimi-us  bet'onie  spongy.  The  prootsseB  of  the  uicsethmoid 
become  dopresswl;  and  tho  ventral  prooesH  of  the  basispheuoiil,  when 
present  at  nil,  tiomc^tinies  sutt'era  fouipk'te,  and  always  partial  absorption. 
Tht)  iiitiiToibitiil  Hpace  grows  relatively  wider,  this  being  one  of  tho  iiio«t 
striking  and  constant  variations.  The  width  of  this  space  is  ulways  given 
aa  nieastired  at  ita  narrowcwt  part  (which  iiaiially  falls  immediately  behind 
the  pryoeulur  opinoB),  aud  compared  with  thi*  total  leitgtli  of  the  base  of 
the  rtliuIL  In  a  young  rfxillnris,  the  i-atio  of  interorbitat  width  into  the 
teuglb  of  the  base  of  the  sktiU  ia  .5^,  in  a  niediniii-sized  one  4!!,  and  in  a 
large  one  4.  In  a  yonng  maliiiir  it  is  4i,  in  an  old  one  4j| ;  in  a  young 
miniotuo  3},  iu  an  old  one  '.i]\  ;  in  n  young  //nrfrfus  3,',,  in  an  old  ont<  3.  In 
a  very  young  i-ubcmmnx  it  ia  ti^,  iu  one  J  or  3  times  as  large  5j,  in  one  in 
which  the  i-ranial  riilgea  :ir«  almost  completely  serrated  5,  and  in  a  very 
large  old  Kpeciineu  \X  . 

It  will  bo  seen  frmn  the  key  given  below  that  in  sevcrul  parta  of  the 
group  closely  related  spocii-s  have  t}iu  pariutuls  iu  coutael ;  but  while  this 
serves  well  as  a  rharaetcr  of  subordinate  iiiiportanee,  the  more  fact  that 
any  1'  species  liin  e  [larietals  wliirb  meet  or  overlaji  is  nd  proof  of  affinity 
unless  it  is  supported  by  other  agroemout«.  The  most  reliable  cranial 
oharactorH  for  tlio  pnrposo  of  classification  of  the  species  are:  The  degree 
of  cnrvaturo  of  tho  base  of  the  skull;  the  convexity  or  concavity  of  the 
interiirbUal  space  aud  its  relative  width  j  the  direction  of  the  inesethnioid 
processes;  the  degree  of  devclopuient  of  the  ventral  process  of  the  ba«i- 
spbenuid,  ami  tho  gtreugtli  or  weaknetis  of  the  cranial  rtdKes.  These  char- 
acters aro  i-losely  correlated,  and  furnish  the  only  basis  for  the  arrange- 
ment of  the  Mpecica  within  the  genus.  In  the  ptninxpinis,  melanoji»,  and 
pi:ini(/«T  groni>s  (see  eliussiiication  below)  tho  base  of  the  skull  is  strikingly 
oiiinred;  the  iutcrorbital  space  is  always  convex  (at  most  Hat,  uevcr  con- 
cave) anil  relatively  wide,  its  width  never  being  more  than  3}  in  the 
length  of  the  baau  of  tho  skull;   the  iucauthmoid  procoMes  are  never 


Jordan  and  Evennann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     1769 


dirtirWHl  iipwiml;  the  ventrttl  ])rooe«H  uf  the  baaisphi-nnid  is  iibs«nt,  or 
reduced  to  a  iikto  point,  <ir  at  most  otcaiiionally  preaeot  isi  very  youug 
HpL-ciiijeuii;  the  traniiil  riilgon  are  jiourly  or  uot  at  all  ileve)ope<l,  and  the 
«piii6n  iii'i-  tlelicattf  or  absiiut.  lu  the  ro»nccu»-nehuloaut  jjroiijm  the  baau  tff 
the  Hkull  ia  «traii|;lit  urm-arly  so;  tii<.<  iiiternrbital  space  ia  always  concave 
aail  narrow,  its  ratio  in  the  base  of  tlio  skull  varyinji;  fniiii  \^  U>  <4 ;  thu 
iueBi>tbiiii>id  proct)8«e»  art'  alwayr*  dirt"<t«?d  iiiort"  or  less  upward;  and  tho 
ventral  proiBss  uf  the  baair<ph«<uuid,  the  cranial  rtdgeti  and  the  8piu08  are 
Htr(>u){ly  developed. 

TlieHo  2  ^Tonps  of  cliaracterH  woald  rnrui.sh  an  ainplo  basis  for  the 
division  of  the  genus  into  2,  if  the  species  uieulioncd  were  alone  to  be 
ronsidered.  Utit  between  the  1!  v;ronp8  dislingiiisbed  by  tbi'so  characters 
lii-8  aijotlicr  ( intron'tgcr-aHtora)  in  which  tho  lia:<o  of  the  nkiilj  ia  somewhat 
curved  (approiiibnigstraiyhtiii-HH;,  the  inttirorbital  sprici*  is  Hat  or  slightly 
coucave,  uf  niediiiin  wi<ilh,4  to  1^  into  the  ba,sc  of  thu  ukiill,  the  procusBes 
of  the  luesclhmoid  are  dirtr-ted  lint  little  upward  and  the  ventral  process 
of  the  biui8pheiioid  Ih  poorly  developed.  Uy  the  interposition  of  this 
group  it  18  possible  to  arrange  a  scricn  fttim paurUpiuiii  to  rotticeim  in  which 
there  is  au  almont  perfect  gradation  of  all  the  above-nientioaeil  chann'terH, 
Croin  Mtrikiiigly  cnrvcd  to  straight  base  of  skull,  from  convex  and  broad  to 
cotieave  and  narrow  iuterorbitul  spaee,  from  luescthiuuid  prucea.4t!H  du- 
jire-ssod  to  those  dircrted  15'  above  the  dorsal  ptaiie  of  the  skiill,  Ironi  a 
nidinieutary  to  a  !"uHy  develuiiei!  vential  process  of  the  busispheuoid,  and 
from  nearly  nbBoloto  to  strongjy  develoju'd  cranial  ridges. 

The  single  species  nibrrrimus  fiiruiwhes  at  dillVrent  stages  in  its  develop- 
ment a  series  of  characters  that  jiarallel  in  a  ^4trlkiug  way  the  series  Just 
described.  The  very  yomii;  skull  is  8o  uiucb  like  those  of  roiaveug  and 
rhodocklorh  tlml,  if  it  were  the  only  riiherrimnt  at  hand,  it,  might  easily  he 
put  bt'tween  them  I  ii  a  stM-iew.  The  width  of  the  intemrbilal  space  is  tjl  into 
the  base  of  tho  skull,  leliilively  narrower  lliun  that  of  any  other  skull  in 
the  collection  of  M,  and  deeply  concave;  the  niesethnioid  processes  are 
directed  upward  and  the  ventral  process  of  the  basisphenoid  is  well  devel- 
oped. The  very  huge  skull  «if  the  same  species  is  aiuioHt  exactly  adapted 
to  the  description  of  the  aitntra-inlroniijer  i!iTnn\i.  Tho  iutururbital  space 
is  perfectly  Hat  and  -l-f',  into  the  base  of  the  nktlll,  the  ineHctliffioid  proc- 
essea  extend  fornaid  nearly  hori/.ontnlly  and  tho  ventral  process  of  the 
basisphenoid  is  nidiuientary.  The  gap  between  these  two  (txtremes  is 
completely  closed  by  skulls  of  iBterrncdiate  age. 

.S.  naxicola  ami  diplDproa  wnmtitiite  another  iuterraediato  gronp  with  the 
base  of  the  skull  miiikedly  curved,  the  Luterorbitiil  space  iilightly  convex 
or  llat,  of  medium  width,  31  to  4J  into  the  base  of  the  aktill,  njeaethmoid 
[irocesses  directed  but  little  upward,  aud  the  ventral  process  of  the  basi- 
sphenoid rudiuiLMitary  or  fairly  developed.  This  iutermediato  griutp,  unlike 
the  other,  lacks  the  supraocular  Hpiue  and  probably  forms  one  of  the  links 
betwe4iu  tho  »'n/owifiafl-jnHiii(/<T  group  and  the  other  rocktish  in  which  the 
supraocular  is  wanting. 

The  following  classilicatioa  (ooutuiuing  moat,  but  not  all,  of  the  species), 
3030 34 


1770         Dulktin  ^y,  United  States  National  Museum, 


based  vxclnsivfly  ou  i-rauial  rbai-a«-ter8,  suuiiuari/es  wbat  haa  been  said 
ftiid  incliidoH  rnrnw  details  not  liitti«rto  uicutiunud: 

«.  Bueof  sliall  markedly  curved.    luU'rurbltol  ipaot)  convex  iir  !)>(,  broad,  leas  ihui 
3^  in  tlie  liiise  of  tins  HkiiU.     I'ri>i'('<wr(i  uf  m<M)talimaiil  not  (IiTv«t«4j   upward. 
Ventral  proresii  of  baaiMplioDoiil  rudltnentary.    Cranial  ridj;(>ii  (ibaolrte  or  weak, 
iipiiif  *  oli»ent  «r  ilnlioate'. 
b.  L'raninI  ridge*  (uxcepl  jMirivial)  obsolete  or  very  aliglitly  developed.    Crania] 
spines  absent  or  vurr  kucoDitant  nnd  wxakly  diveloped. 
0.  Farietala  not  mpetiii);;  nu'Hothinold  provvftftea  weak  und  d«preese<] ;   ukull 
modcralrly  thick:  ]kurk>lal  ridgne  weak,  with  miiiuto  apinva  or  non«^ 
ottier  ridges  none. 
d.  tntvrorbiial  «pao«  plainly  oonrez.  PAUCiapiinB. 

dd.  lutvrorliital  Hparo  nearly  Hat.  jordafti:  oo<id(I. 

ec.  Pariotals  nii<«ting  iu  tlie  middle  line,  but  oepaniieil  piatcriorly  by  a  wedge- 
aliajwd  cxposiirr  of  Ibc  supmoccipitnl.    Mcsclhmoid  pruceiuiea  better 
dvvelo]ied,  straight,  and   horixootal :  skull  thick,  the  bones  striated: 
parietal  rid^a  low.  spineteas,  other  rtdgcs  none. 
«.  Preooular  spines  uuue.  rLAVIDl'l;  MBl.AHura^ 

'  ««.  I'TDociilar  splni'D  |ir<'Ki'nt.  MHiiMua. 

M>.  Cranial  rldcmt  Homewhiit  dr'\'olci|)ed ;  preooular,  anpiauenlar,  postoriilar,  tyw 
panic,  and  purictal  Hplnea  present,  all  delicat^i:  ventral   pruooss  of  baai- 
spheiioidsonii-timesprcHentiu  young.    (Tympanic  spiuea  usually  absent  or 
Imperfect  in  alronrnt*.) 
J.  farietals  u»t  nireliiic;  inlerorbital  space  Dsoally  plainly  convex ;   boiiM 
thick,  more  or  less  striated. 
^,  Supraoc-iiUr  spine  present. 

A.  iiase  uf  skull  strikingly  curved ;  parietaU  nearly  nieeUni;. 

nrroMkutai  uvAUb;  bupkiksi. 
AA.  Base  of  skull  less  strikinKly  carved;  pacietala  woU  separated. 

%.  luteriirhitiit  |diiiiily  convex.  PINMIOKU. 

a.  InliTiirbii.i'  '      or  nearly  so.  KlNrATca. 

pj.  SopraiK  iiliir  «piiu'«l  il»  »rll»i>p.iral«>d;  lnlcrorbitalspa<>«  ' 

but  liltU' cunvt- .1 .  ...^..^.l.:.4uid  pruci-jiaes  directed  soinowliai  up- 
ward. .  ATUDVlMt.NH. 
oa.  Base  of  skull  marke<Ily  curved.     Inlerorbltol  spa«e  Hat  or  sliKhtly  concave,  of 
niediiirii  widlli,  'i\  to  4^  in  base  of  skull.     Prooesaea  of  inesetbmoid  directed 
but  little  npwsrd.    Ventral  process  of  basispbenoid  nidimeulary  or  fsirly  do- 
velupcd, 
J.  Cranial  ridges  fairly  developed :  sujiraucular  spines  absent;  skuU  tblo,  papery ; 
mifsetbiuold  prucrs»<?s  honxuntal. 
k.  Parii'lals  nut  meeting.  SASICOLA. 
H-.   Pnrietals  uioetin;;.                                                                               mpiAJPBOA 
oaa.  ItiiM'  nf  skull  nearly  straiglit  Inlifibtly  nirved).    Interorbital  space  fliit  or  ali|{htly 
vunrave,  of  niediuin  wi<ltb,  i  to  \\  iu  luise  of  skull.    Procesaes  of  nieaotbniokl 
directed  but  111  tie  upward.    Ventral  process  of  l>asispheaoid  rudimeutaiy  or 
poorly  doveluped.     Crnnisl  ridges  and  spines  qutte  sironi;. 
L  Cranial  rld|;ea  well  devela[Mnl.    Preocular,  supraocular,  pnatornlar,  tympanic, 
psnelal  and  nocbsl  spines  present :  coronal  spines  usually  present. 

INTnuMGKB;  AURObA;  HXLANOSTOMCB. 

oaoo.  Base  of  skull  strai((lit,  or  nearly  so.    Interorbital  space  concave  and  narrow,  (} 
to  Of  in  base  of  skull.    Processes  uf  nuisctlMuoid  dircclod  upward.    Vantrml 
process  of  bssispbenoiil  well  derulupod.     Cranial  ridges  high  and  strong. 
m.  Supraocular  spine  pn'seut.     rariet4Us  unt  meeting. 

M.  Sknll  thick;  cranial  ridges  broken  into  tiilierclrs  and  spines;  inter- 
orbital space  l>ut:  loeselhitiitld  processes  liurisuulat:  veotml  prooesa 
of  basispbenoid  rudimentary  in  adult  (the  skull  of  young  aimoat 
exactly  as  in  rojra«Pu«;  see  below).  KtrBSUtOTOB. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1771 


nil.  Skull  Bumowhnl  papery';  rlilgcn  itnmotlu  inUtmrliUal  ii|M<:eooneave; 

niosetliiiiuiil  priioesMa  dirovri'il  upward :  vvulial  prouesA  «f  baiii- 

■phouciid  well  dnvulopi-il  in  hotli  >oiiuji  ami  uUi.      constkllati'S; 

lt(i8AC1I08;   ItllODOC'lILOKI^^  CULOttUtmCTUS ;  RL-fKIiTHlli. 

mm.  SnpraocnUr  «pino  alxu-nt. 

0.  InU'rorbftjil  Kpace  not  iridttolnj;  nuirkedly  backvranl. 

t>.  Pnr|pl.-il«  not  iniM'tiii);:  nkiil!  pupnrj'.  aivOItOATVB, 

pp,  l^uriAtalH  mi'i-liiiu  ;  nkiiU  buiiy. 

q.  KiK'hiil  apirieii  nunc.  UL'BBl vcktds ;  LEVU. 

qtl.  Muvluil  Rpinc«  prottont;  ridgea  Chick  ami  bii;li. 

HKKKIC-EI-R:  NlliKOCIHCTL'S. 

00.  Iiit(<rnrliitnl   «pacc  widening  marliedly  iHtukwanl;  parinUta  not 
luuetliiK. 
r.  Cur»Dal  opUioapreMMit;  aknll  tiony.  AUMCOLliTDa. 

rr.  Corona]  ^pinrn  none. 

I.  ISkiill  tliirk;   bunea  striated;   InteroTbltol  ■ps(y>  alightly 

cunvex.  bastbf.u.iiiek. 

w.  Intvinrliltul  apitce  cimcavp  and  the  cranial  riilijDa  atruug 

nnit  bigli.  VKxiMJiHis;  maliokk!  caknatvb; 

CHKTSOMSLASi   ySBrUMrS:  OIUiSRTl. 

Tlip  tntcr<>rhitnl  Apace  bofoiiifs  iiiorp  concavf  nud  iinrniwer  unil  tbe  ridgea  stronger 
uiid  higher  f'niui  tliv  bogiuniug  tft  the  «uil  af  the  aerloN. 

Messra.  Eigeninann  &.  Bceson  have  ntteinpted  to  tinliilivide  thir*  genus 
into  several  on  the  l>a.-4ifl  of  crntiiiil  characters.  Mr.  Cnimpr  haw  giveti  in 
tlelaii  in  the  (ia[i»r  aljova  i|i]otpil  bis  reasons  for  rojectinjj  thcHe  pioi)ose(l 
genera  and  for  rrvrrtinj;  tii  tlio  seriuciice  i>f  siiocicH  in  Jordjiu  A;  (iillmrt'a 
Synopsis.  The  cliaraiiur  I'sjiecialty  put  (orwiird  liy  Kigfniiiaiiii  tV  Heesoii, 
that  of  the  coiitart  (not  tiniim)  of  the  parictals,  seems  tn  lis  oC  very  slight 
value,  oven  a»  a  Hpccili)-  diatiiirrtion. 

The  follow  iiig  is  the  aualysiei  uf  guuera  of  Sebaatintc  given  by  Eigen- 
uiutm  iV  Hccson.* 

Sbbastina;: 
a.  Vcrtelirip  27  nr  more. 

b,  t>urii«i  npltieii  U  to  16;  the  lowpr  pwtOTsl  rayn  thlrkened.  nnbrancbwl,  and 
pnnlunMl',  vi-utrali  diroclly  uudcr  poctui-alii.  Suburbital  tiay  Htmiig,  api- 
uiteroua.  ScUABTOLoiiug. 

6ft.  Doraal  HpiDvs  13;  vrrtcbrip  27. 

e.  Falatinis  with  teeth.     Lower  pectoral  rays  nnbrancbed,  tbeir  tips  pro- 

jl'Clillg. 

4.  Pariclala  meeting  above  ibe  aiipniocclpital.t  «xcc(>t  sunietinies  iu 
l^Timotjnna. 
I.  Jaw*  vqiiiiJ:  beail  narrow  above;  high  and  pronlnent  cranial 
keeU  cndhiji:  In  npinvs.  I'mM'olar.  mipraacular,  tym|uuilo, 
and  parii'tal  pr«a<-iii.  liill  rakcm  iioually  «lii>rt.  ipatalato 
or  claviitt',  llieir  brinKli-iii'd  tl|m  itpiuiTeruus.  Scalea  luually 
very  strou^'lv  clriiuiil:  iu'CMu«ory  nciilea  nunieroiia;  aub- 
orliltnl  itay  ilimtid  obliquely  dnwnwnrd  and  barkwnrd; 
aecoiid  ao.-il  hpinr  iiiLirli  lii^arirr  thiin  anil  at  Icial  ax  longoji 
tbiril-  Btxly  xliorl  and  d<-pp,  bark  nrctied,  iiioitth  very  large 
bat-  n)th«r  cam»w,  hcml  bi'itvy .  Intrr  and  nob  operclp  wit  li. 
out>«])int*.  ItrunrhioHtejialn  and  lower  jaw  nakrd.  Three  or 
i  largi'  pure.'*  ulong  I'aob  raroiifl  of  the  lower  Jaw.  Spcclea 
nsuully  with  crou  biuida.  SKBAaricuTuvg. 


♦  Proc.  V.  8.  Nat  Mua..  xvn.  1804,  J75-407. 
I  See  Sfhattomus  irreits  and  elont/atiuf. 


m.  Lower  Jaw  oneb  pni>$e«tiiiK;  ImwI  bnad,  akoD  naoallj  i— ii^. 

cranial  ridges  when  prearot  luiuUly  lo«-.  GUI  ralkmtm  nar 
loDK  aixl  alesder :  >c4ileN  uaunlljr  smootb.  fcw.  itmmj,  acoca- 
tmj  acalu.  Rranrliio!<l«)^l«  and  l«w«r  Jaw  iiralid  l>taTa 
of  lower  jaw  couveali'd  czccjit  io  loaaa  apMia*  af  Am0»- 
mmtum. 
J.  lYpuciiUr  apluea  well  den>lop«Hl.    FcritmamB  Uack. 

g.  I'mliicuUr   epint'   prtacDl.    Sapraaenlar.  Ij  iiumbji, 

anil  ocrlpltjil  *|>iD<n  well  dpralopad.    Bica«<  nal 

■|iliio  BtriiugiT  am!  nanalljIongM'tkaB  fbc  tUpi. 

8}-nii>li,Tai-al    knob   stronc,   prqjeetl»g    tnm\u4- 

Iiui>al  low.     Lower  paetoral  raya  DorMai, 

Iblckeuml.    Ko  apinei  oB  hitar-and  tabof 

(Mandlblrand  maxiUai7acal«d.t   Aci-rc^iia 

gg.  I'oaUiruUr  ii|iin<«  Dot  d<^«lo|md.     Supraocular  aad 

tympanic  wmieliniea  prBarnt.  always  concaaltd 

by  llif  akiu.    Occipitalx  eudln^  in  i>pisea  or  IMt. 

Iol4;rorbital  wiilv,  roiin-x.     IvOwrr  p«4:toral  rikVM 

tliirkcncd,  tbfirti|>*  prvjecting  bcyood  ibe  i 

brani.-.     noD«f>  of  the  Bkiill  ulriatv  aii4  |>lt 

Moiitti  *mall.  nurrow.    Mpini's  on  inter-  asd  aa^l 

opercle  aometlme«  present.     PeritotMum  black. 

Patnosri.vA. 
tf,  Prwcnlar  wltboiit  ii|iino;   akiill  Biiinotb,  wiiboal  spbim. 
Lower  pcibiral  rays  noruial.     No  spine*  on  inter-  ar 
auljoiienlu.    I'urituueum  uaually  wblte. 

SsBASToeoitrs. 
dd.  Parietala  aepsratcd  by  tlie  niipraoccipital.* 

h.  Cranium  with  parietal  ridni<»unly-  Lower  jaw  niarh  pro.rivt- 
ing.  entering  the  pruHlo:  a  proiuitieQt  aympbyaral  knob 
dire<:t4'<l  furwHrd.  U<;«d  brua<l,  courex.  Intemrbital  con- 
vex, Dvurly  sniontb.  I.,owcr  (ipntonil  ray*  uoruial,  oo 
Rpiao*  on  iutfr-  and  nubuiicn'le.  ExpiMcd  tirancbiusteg 
maxillary,  nud  iimndlhleM  dnngrly  »raled.  Porea  of  1 
Jaw  i:uovcMilcil  by  tlii-  Rcales.  SULiSTDDM.' 

AA.  Crauiuiii  with  muiiy  ridijH*.  all  endlug  i«  irplRra.    Itnnchloa- 
tf|;uln  (fxcopl  in  J.niirorn,  A'.  pTari^er,  and  X.  n^^W«|  aiMl 
uaimlly  the  lower  Jaw  uiiked.    Pnreeoflnwer  Jaw,  except 
in  /1mW(j«7<iii(I,  AiTy  lari;e,  vunapiiiiau*.  ullt  like, 
t.  l'o«l>ii'iilui'  and  tympnuii'  npineit  hoib  proaent.     I.owFr 
]HH!li>rul  TiiVN  lliii-kfDed  (I'xt'fpl  in  SriMatotnvs  ru/u4i. 
Iut«*r<>p«r<.le  iiud  «nl>(>ii«ri'le  ustinliy  with  cpiui-a. 
j.  Coronul  nni)  uiicliiil  ftpini^ti  prwi^nl ;  h  xpine  iwlow, 

nuutlKT  in  I'rinil  of  r^o.  { ), 

jj.  Curubiil  nplni'i  nut  ili'Veloped.  ScBaa1'ii>ii-». 

U.  roftoi'utiir  Hplne  uut  dovelopcd;  interopercle  and  sub 
upi-rclv  eavh  with  a  spine  at  tbcir  approximated 
corn era. 
k.  Coronal  spine*  not  drrelnpod;  lower  pertoral  ruy» 
usually  thtoki'iK'd:   iiif«rf>rbiCHl  nnually  with 
a  jsroovo  in  iu  midille.      The  larice  porea  (4) 
along  eai'h  rAunid  of  the  lower  Juw  oppu.    Max- 
illary, manilibli',  iiud  braaohiostJ'ealK  iisiiiUly 
oaked  or  wilb  minute  embt^dded  srales. 

Ptskupodcc. 


Jordan  and  Evennann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1773 


U.  CoTtinal    apinca  ilpvi>lop<'d :    lnt«rorbital  with  a 

mivllun  ridg^:  (rfll  riiUcrslong;  lowwr  iwctoral 

TTiyK  nnnniil.  not.  thiefci'in'i)  aTuI  llealiy.     VorM 

of  liivvLT  .i«w  (in  atiT\c\dalwt\  <!iilin>ly  cloM>d 

by  a  thin  lueiobntQe.  At:cTOEipn<A. 

e«.  Palatlnea  without  teeth.    Piwiculiir,  aa{inu>L'ular,  |H>ittucular,  tynjpniilc-, 

parJBtal,  uuchal,  aud  riKiiDul  ttpin(»H  iit*Yelci|iccl.     Siiiiorbltal  Alay  with 

ft  aharp  ttpiiiiroroiia  ridfco.  .Skbaotoi-sid. 

Abont- 12  or  15  spi'cies  *  of  Sebafloile*  hii\u'  liceii  ilfai-rilieil  frtnii  tbe  waters 
ol'  Japan,  iunl  al>ont  So  species  frmii  tho  I'mitii.:  ommt  nf  North  Anierrica. 
Thus  fur  iiduiv  hns  Irmmi  foiiml  coiiiiiKiii  to  both  roiista  of  thp  Vaciiir.  There 
is  pro<if  that  at  1»>mh(  H  si>efien  inhabit  tin-  w«.>st  const  of  South  Aiwriru. 
In  view  of  the  fiU't  thiit  tin:irl,v  till  thi'  HpecinH  of  tliiM  gt'iiiiH  have  bueu 
discoven-d  diirinp  the  hist  15  jri'srn,  tliat  there  are  stronj;  itiilications  that 
the  coasts  of  .lH]inD  »iiil  ti^inxjcnite  Sonih  Aiuerica  may  cuiitaiii  nt;arl.v  ns 
l^eat  a  variety  of  I'ornis  an  hiiH  been  Itroiij^ht  to  light  oii  thr  coaat  of 
Aiiierica,  ami  that  the  raiiKe  of  kuown  sjn'fitw  in  likely  to  ho  jireatly  vx- 
teude^l,  it  hiia  brt'u  thought  pruper  to  append  io  fouttioteH  tbe  diagnoses 
of  all  tbe  known  species  of  this  remarkable  geniis.  (Sebaite* :  ct8o<;,  re- 
semblance.) , 

AWikXTBIS  or  KORTH   AX1E1UCA.K  SPKCIBS  Or  SRBA8TODB8. 

ElMMKi.AM  (<r,  in ;  m«*oc,  hlat\i)  i 

i.  liiir.Hu)  apiiiea  14;  nk nil  tlikk,  with  amall  aplitci;  colom  dall.  OLAUCUS,  2177. 

II.  Diirsinl  !(pif)K.<  niways  13. 

a.  Iiitprorliital  miukh-  more  or  lens  uouvpx  (never  rtmrnvo,  bixnid,  lera  than  'H  h\  baae 

of  iikirll:  cniiiinl  riilcia  vi-ry  low  or  cibafileU-,  lbi-spin>-«,  »-lii-n  pri«pul.  delirulp; 

baHv  nf  hI(u1I  xtraniily  ciirrrd.  lucNrthmoid  priifciincs  not  elovatiHl  limt  dlrt-ct«d 

upward),  Ta-iitral  protefiA  of  liuaiApliriiojd  riidiinrDtiiry  (or  fairly  d(<viilop<Ml  only 

in  yaiiQ^ri :  xknll  iiaimlly  thick;  aniil  rayn  Ill.Uin  III, 6;  kIII  rakers naatUlyloDR 

aod  nl^ndiT:  snntit,  prMirbital.t,  andJK'n'x  more  nr  \fh»  8<?uly. 

6.  Cranial  ridK^'-"  (""iccpt  [niriDtull  ull  uliNiilnli*  or  very  iili;;lilly  developed,  cranial 

•pIni-H  nbicul  i*r  v«r.\  iDooositaut  utid  minute  (regularly  pi'e««nt  only  in  yoiioi;), 

(preooular  aplnea  usually  present  in  myttinui) ;  lowvr  Jaw  mnvh  pruJeuUng. 

BIBABTODIS: 
e.  Parielal  bones  not  mcoling:  mnsethtnnid  prooeiMea  iri'ak  and  dcpresaetl;  acnli'S 
amall.tlO  In  IIM  Iraniverae  ncries  of  scalm  aiiovo  lateral  line.  55  tu  60  tuliea; 
lowi>r  jaw  mticli  prujectli]);,  pntertni^  proille,  a  large  iiympbyaual  knob, 
din'ctod  IVirword.     A.  Ill,  8  to  III,  10. 


*  A  foaiil  apccies  la  refnrnxl  to  thin  eenna,  via :  Srbattodei  rotm,  Eiconmann,  known 
from  a  fraemrnt  found  at  Port  HarfonbT'.illfomla.    It  i»  thus  dMcribcJl: 
"  Seboito^M  ( i)  rona,  EKiKNMANK,  Zu«.  1,  Hi.  l^tN). 

"  During  faair  an  huiir'n  ni!iir<!li  in  a  iH-d  i>l'  Tertiary  fosnllA  at  Port  Harfonl,  California, 
a  oomnarativplv  Irirs"  nuinlwr  ul  H»h  remains  wtjri.' illacovBrcd.  'i'luy  foDHistod  mostly 
of  iKulalcd.  und  in  tunny  caiit^  rrui:i]H'Ut)i.ry,  boueii,  uiixed  willi  tbe  n.'iiiulaa  ol  inumiualH, 
liirds,  cruatucriiiui,  riKlinti'M,  uuil  iiHilluHkM. 

■•  Aiiionu  tliu  liHb  ri'iiuiiiK  i-<  Ui«  l"»-(tr  nf  tbn  priotM-nlc  of  a  Sebant'idfM,  nr  miiiieit:<1atc«l 
(•iiuiin.  It  renri'Hints  a  (i»h  ulnint  0.30  )u.  lonj:.  Tin-  :)  lower  iirfiipercnliir  itiMnisi  ui« 
of  aboiil  ('i]iiiil  Hizo  iinil  tin  •liHtanrp  bi<twi'<'n  Ihi-ni  i«  aliout  p<|iial.  Tlu'v  arr^jill  dtrecttKl 
dowuword  mid  biiLkward  'tin-  rUifio  bi'lwt'i'U  llniexi«MMd  imriiuiiof  tlu"  liudiutid  that 
p<irtiou  Hi-rviii^  I'nr  llx'  ultjiclinicnt  nl'  th^s  iini.'^cleM  of  tbo  eiieek  in  iva«  utarked  than 
in  living  MjM'<l»'».  auil  tin'  laltrr  mirliiti*  ia  nhallovi'nr  and  broiiili'r.  Comiiari-d  with  liv- 
ing npcrit!*  of  Si'ha^todet  tliin  Bjn'iries  itiiinl  rraeuildea  rotacruit;  thi-  pnM)porclr  ia.  how- 
BViT  much  heavier.  The  otienltiUH  into  the  niucipOM  ranal  dSHir  fmni  all  Iiviiy;»pirM(>8 
v«ry  BtrlkiuKly.  There  arv  i  hucIi  opviiinua,  or  idta,  on  tint  anturior  liiilf  of^the  (Irst 
Hpitit>,  it>.'<:rniaini:  in  »iw  backward  (th<?  pontniur  iHi]ijtto  ^niiill  ami  iiut  in  view  in  Iho 
wi'onipaiiN  ing  ti^^re)-  'I'litro  in  n  hir|£e  pit  bi'tweeu  llm  lir:*t  loid  r*i-cond.  and  nmither 
In'turon  tlie  h<'i  oud  aiul  third  apini.H,  and  'i  hiiiiiIIci  oni-R  onllu' :ilvl,  rior  baji'of  tbeaiiUOUil 
a^iiue.    Tbe  apecioa  tuay  »taiid  as  Scbattoitt*  ( I )  rotas,"    (l^igenmiuu).) 


1774  DuUctin  ^7,  United  States  Nationcd  Museum, 


A,  Perltnnenin  wholly  black;  Jwly  very  hIquiIit,  Ibc  <1ei>tb  4  iu  Icogtb;  col- 
oration Hilvery  nlivt;  or  n<<i ;  xkulaton  rattier  flexible.  A.  III.B  or  10; 
sc«Uhi  55,  gill  rkkers  X+2S.  jobdaHI.  '21i8. 

<M.  PeritoDeum  white  or  wltli  dirk  dotas  depth  abont  >|  io  l«Dfth :  skeletou 
firm, 
r.  Anul  ru;*  III,  8;  pore*  of  Inlernl  line  nbuat  K>;  gill  rakrni  x-t-23; 
dusky  oliviwieans  above,  nilvrry  on  sidee,  nion*  or  less  tlnahwl  witli 
md.  nooDKi.  21'fi. 

««.  Anal  ray*  in,  0:  tabn  of  latemlllneESStoSO;  rolor  liKlit  olivnc^Muii. 
red;  yonng  olivacooiis,  »«miewhat  mottJoil.        PArcisrmin.  21H(>. 
ce.  rnrietal    liunca    iiminlly  inooting;    meoothmoid    |iroc««M!a   better  derclopol. 
atraiicht,  not  cluvattid. 
BBBAgTOeOMUH  [.HthtuUt;  vij^a,  iHMly) : 
/.  PnritoniMiiii  wliilo;  dorniil  (hi  dw|ily  Piiiurginate. 
f.  AobI  ray  a  111,0. 

Jk.  FovtoralH  reaching  tipt  of  venlralB,  but  not  qntte  to  rent ;  ol<Tae«ona ; 

eandal  ynllowiiib  greeu.  n^Viona,  21Bt. 

U.  Peclorala  nut  ri>ai'hiii|;  tipa  of  rontrala,  not  nsarly  tu  rant;  ^raj  of 

varyini;  Hhndea,  lb«  Imek  darker;  a  aniea  of  Urgewbtt<'  Motcbm 

along  nidon  ul'  back  tnii(-b  n)or»  marked  in  aome  Mian  in  utbera; 

flua  yelltiwiBh.  BBHRANiiiDEg,  2183, 

(f.  Anal  ray  It  III,  R;  color  duiky.  afdiw  spotted  with  black:  caudal  dark. 

HKliAKOPS,  S1B8. 

PsraOBPlNA.  (pri'miM,  nrBt  i  tpinut,  apiue); 
Jf.  Pcritonciiin  black  g  colors  dusk^,  lloa  bliiRkiah,  doraal  fln  not  very  deeply  emar- 
ginate. 
i.  Anal  rays  ITL  B;  preooalar  ridgea  obsolete,  frontal  ri-gion  botween  them 
not  speoially  coort-x ;  color  greenish,  iqiockliHl  with  olive, 

OILUTOS,  31ft. 
{{.  Anal  rays  III.  9;  prooruUr  rid):es  ]ir«aont,  nsaally  I'ndiiig  in  siplin'ii,  fron- 
tal regioti  bi'twurn  them  Imlifing;  coliir  lilackUh.  mi'stinUh,  2185. 
M.  Cranial  ridgea  s<Mii<>\tliat  di-vc-lupid,  prt«icu)ar,  postoculor,  tympanic,  and  p:)rir<tat 
aplucn  UMUully  nil  pi-osviit,  delicale  (iiupraocnlarnliiopn'suiit  In  Houi-spvcit^: 
tyinpaiijr  iiMiially  dbxpnt  iu  aCronireiM);  lower  Juuprojoctlng;  parietal  Irenes 
iiHuully  not  iiii-vllu}^.. 
Acxn'ciHK.'VTrM  (BCTirvji,  aciiiD:  iiiTi/uni,  cbin): 
j.    Lower  .jaw  luurh  prtiJiHJtingi  iicalcs  raiher  small;  latemllineSOtoTJ;  analraya 
111,  T,  Ui  III,  fr;  lUirsal  (in  not  diM-plj  cni.irizin.'it^,  H<tft  «torsal  low. 
k.  Sjecoiid  anal  npiut* »f «i<ely  or  nul  longer,  iisnally  «borfT,  tlian  third. 

J.  Supraocular  apliio  vvuntiug:   culur  crt'iiuiy  olivaceous;  ixiritoneinD 

lllucV.  KNTOMBLAS,  2186. 

{I.  Sn]irii(icuUr  npini^  nsnally  prtMKint. 
m.  I'eritoni'ttui  black. 

n.  Anal  rays  til,  8:  oomprosaod,  elongate;  rafaus,  rnrioasly 
marked  with  brown.  BcirrK,  21V7. 

nil.  Auui  raya  111,  7;  elongalv:  head  poinliMl:  ii>i>i«tly  black 
above,  lutoral  liuoToruiiUun,  black  band  bvlnw  it. 

MACliONAUlt.  218*. 
mm.  Peritxinenm  while.  niiKviiu'iNis.  2liEa>. 

kk.  Second  anal  nplno  niilably  lniij;r>r  than  third;  pcritoaeiiin  bhiok. 
0.  SnprtKMMilar  8pinon  ti8iial]>  pn;srnt. 

j>.  Bijily  rnllicr  ox'ai*',  ili«>  dt>]iih  I<>'4h  than  .^  in  length. 

q.  Lateral  line  about 'U;  rolor  «hit!rty  orcatny.      ovAl.jg,  3190. 

79.  l.uti<rnl  line  uliotit  43 :   color  darker.        BtiiE.HUANMi.2II>]. 

pp.  Bmly  elongnlc,  deptli  mure  than  3;  pore*  of  latezal  line  So 

to  52. 

r.  Poctcirali  not  Tfnebinp  vent;  A.  Ill,  7;  color crcnmy  with 

diirk  bnudn;  itpines  un  ht^nd  very  weak,  ofU'ii  absent.. 

uorjuMsi,  2192. 


4 


Jordan  and  Evemumn. — Fishes  of  North  America.      17 


TT.  Peatonls  n<«eIiIog  rent;  A.  TTI,  H^   diuky  nbuve,  with 
foiot  traces  of  darker  blohibeH  aluug  li»ck. 

ALurrs,  2199. 
on.    Supraocular  (piDM  aiNimt,  body  ratb«relani;st«:  A.m.  7;  cobir 
cljii'lly  nil.  rmiHi'iEii  2194. 

SonoOLA  (riarui,  Ril :  cnlu.  to  iDhnbi t :  living  i><  <  be  zone  of  r^l  nl^iv) : 
if.    LiOW»r  Jnw  littli"  pnjjiH'tinj;;  l«l:Ilh•^  mndt'rali",  biU>r:il  lim-  45  Ioo-t;    A.  Ill,  7, 
i.rlll.  n. 
(.  Saprauculiir  aplne  present:  A,  III,  T;  colnrrud. 

I.  Sc.ib^fi  on  nmndiblp  Bniooth;  color  rbii'fly  ornn^p.  PINXirjER,  31d5. 

M.  8fal*!niti  ni(indi1ili<  vi-ry  nmitb;  color  rliidfly  brick  rwl. 

u.  Colur  u(>i>vu,  dcrp  venulUvo,  luuttlisl  witli  lleab  color  oil  sidrt; 
bolly  licht  riid. 
r.  No«]iiuiii  brlow  eye.  mixiatps,  71B8. 

tv.  Spiuo/i  prc«(>nt  below  eyo.  ALimAxcn,  2107. 

«u.  Color  n-dilinb  oration,  miirh  raiittled  nn  back  mid  up|ier  part 
•  if  nldi'ii  »ith  dark  brawn.  ATRnnciiENa,  2108. 

M.  SoproocnlAr  npiiir  wnnCin^;  inlpnirbitjil  Bpuc<*  btit  littlo  i-nnvrx:  iiiaii. 
diblo  with  a  n-w  linioiilb  sciilfa;  colurxUvacoiiii.  A.  (11,0:  tympnnio 
ipino  usanlly  abiiunL  atuuvihs.ns,  i!l99. 

EoeEBARTE.a  (•juT.  daisiK  HrbtutfM): 
aa.  Inltrorbit«l  spnc p  flat  nr  ulinflitly  conrave,  of  niMllum  nidlli .-  mi^rthnioid  proi-euea 
bnt  Illtlo  or  nol  at  all  elt'Tnt«d,  vontral  prof^a*  of  lifi«i«phfnaM  riirtlmrnturj-. 
Cnuilnl  ridg>-»  and  apini'a  nioil("rat*>ly  stronp.    Lower  .i:iw  nioUcraloly  or  not 
raocb,  mmirtiiucK  not  at  all,  pnijirtiug;   ({ill  rakon*  iinunlly  bmi;  ami  sleuder; 
A.  [II,  II.  in  T(I,  K.     I)ec<p.wati>r  nprcioa. 
le.  Baaeofakull  alroDgly  viirvi-d,  Hiipraaoiirnr  apino  abaotit. 
ir.  PurietulH  not  in<.'«tlDg,  lowor  jaw  nomowiial  projoctiog. 

ij.  <iiU  rakcralU  +  22:  dark  ban  un  aldi-H  raiut,  b«<roiniii|;  obaololonith 

agp.  SAXU'OLA,  2200. 

yy.  Gill  rakera  10  -f- '.!!,  alendpr,  2|  in  orbit ;  du  dliittnct  dark  cn>i<a  bar«. 

rR.\MEBl.  2201. 
yfiy-  ^11'  raker!*  10  4.  27 ;  2  dark  lialf  bnra  on  aide  consplnuou.<)  ami  per- 
Hjfltent.  HBMICI.NCTUS.  3202. 

ast.  Parietal*  nirptioc:  prpmoxlllnries  with  [irominent  d<'iitli;ernan  knoba, 
(wtwec-ii  wliitb  tin;  tip  iif  lowir.iiiw  tit».  DipuH'noA,  2203. 

WW.  Baap  of  sknll  nearly  ntrtiJ^lit^    aupraiciilar  splui'  preaent,  ijulte  atroiig; 
coronal  uud  uiicbal  xpluBn  u.^uully  prt'.ient. 
t.  Bcound  nnal  Hplno  much  longer  and  atronger  than  thlnl.     A.  Ill,  6; 
poret  of  Ijtt«n>l  lino  nltixit  29.  Al'ltoRA,  2204. 

a.  Second  anul  apino  littlpor  not  at  aU  lontcor  than  third.    A.  ill,  7  or  8, 
Mnntli  »nd  itilt  cavitKw  nji>r«  or  lew*  black,      mklanostomi's.  2205, 
IK.  Second  anitl  apino  minalinj;  third   in   leDgtb.     A.  Ill,   7.     Lining  of 
nionlh  nod  gill  cavity  Inrgcly  liW-k.  I.STUuNldHlt,  22M6. 

oa*.  Baae  of  okiill  iitralj.'bl  or  ni>arly  ao;  iiitcrorbitol  nimi'^^a^  a  nil»  lonruvc  and  nar- 
row: tlio  cniniiil   ridgch  imd  upliicn  well  dcvobipi-d.     McHctlinioid  prweaeos 
diriwtnil  upwiird:  ventrnl  priHciiii  of  ba«Itiplir>nold  well  dovolopod ;  aknll  00m- 
pamtiv<<ly  Ibiu.    Uill  rnkern  naiially  abort. 
Sebasttimi'S  {Stbatltii^  Siiio^,  Hlionldei'l : 
a'.  SiipraociilHr  iipinn  proarnt'.  in Ivrorbital  apace  concaro. 

fr'.  Second  until  spine Hcnrcely  UiiiKcr  than  third;  color  rnKl.  noarly  plain.  Crautal 
ridt'x  lirolinn  and  unnol  wltli  aoj-ea«ory  spiin-ji.  ItiltriirHUnl  9r*c*Dt>ttrly 
flat  ill  adult  (rldgnt  mnoath,  interorbltal  apavo  conrat  1^  in  ymini;.  »i>  in 
Stbafliiilei  rimaefiiti,  KUBKRItiMi  8,  22U7. 

tf.  Second  ana)  spine  mnrli  lunger,  nHuaJly  atronger,  tban  Ibird.    Cranial  ridgea 
snioutb. 
a',  ('olor  more  nr  l<>Ha  roay,  with  3  tp  5  round  blntohcJi  of  pink  on  aide*  uf 
buck, 
d'.  Itorul  Dpliioa  uaually  low,  the  bigbeat  lean  than  {  the  loogtbof 
bead :  no  amall  grticn  Hjiotu  uu  aidoa  of  back. 


177C 


Didktin  //,  United  States  National  Museum. 


«'.  Body  everywhere  with  mull  roaiid  pale  »|>at«. 

OONSrSLLATtTS,  ] 
ft'.  Body  wlthoQt  BtcUnte  apota. 

t'  Scciiinl  ttiiiil  H]>iii«  louger  Uian  tblrd. 

ff'.  Uiuiilibla  acal.v ;  tli«  5  \aTg,is  pink  blotehm  wBahed  , 
with  iirange;  g«iiiTal  color  light  ar&nge.  orerlaJAJ 
with  blackUh :  intororblt«l  apacr  r»l)>er  broad. 

T-'MBEllBirs,  : 

n'.  Mandible  tikked ;  ]>*le  blotebM  on  ftidot  snrroande 
by  pnr|ilo  nliudet:  hewl  willi  pnrpliah  abore. 
A'.  Supraorbital  rldgr  mthvr  high,  with  npine*. 

BOflACEUB,  2M0. 

Kh'.  Sapraorbitalridgelower,  ihieker,  and  witboiit 

spineH,  AYIIE9I,  2211. 

ggf)' ,  WaniWHv  partly  HC»1y;   sprond   nnsl   very  long; 

craniti!  ridj^ea  vury  H)iar[i ;  jtalo  blatoiien  un  aidoa 

■urronnded  by  groeu  aJiadcs,  no  purple, 

i{HuDoc-nu>ei8.  2212. 

gifgg'.  Mandible  and  maxillary  acaly ;  dunuil  rather  high ; 

iiit«rorbilal  llaltlhh  with  deiji  median  groove; 

pale  bl»t<'be«  washed  or  fad«<d.  «tis,  2313. 

f.  Second  anal  apinenbiiiit  a*  loni;  as  third:  maDdlblc  naked: 

nu  syuiphyteal  knob.  oiU-i.  £14. 

(fd'.  Dorsal  spines  very  high,  tho  Uiitliesl  \  the  length  of  k(«d :  bmly  almre 

witli  niiinv  Htuall  round  Kfeen  spots.    iJeoond  uuul  spine  muob 

liiuUOT  than  thini;  mnndilde  nuked.  cill.'>lli>sTl<7ros,  3315. 

ce'.  No  ronud  blutcbes  uf  piuk  un  sides  of  back.     Nnclial  spliiva  prrsirnt. 

iiufuntus,  alia. 
ElBPAincnB  {'IntiiiiL,  8paln  \  irturiK.  Spaniard :  Spanish  fl»g> : 
CM'.  Saprauttiilar  spluo  wauliai:. 

«'.  Muudible  SI  jiIy:  prritoDcam  dusky  or  black. 

f.  LowiT  javr  uiily  slightly  ur  not  at  all  projecting;  perilAUi^nm  Jet-black. 
t.  Moutb  and  Kill  cbanib<-r  Jct-bhiek.    1*.  XIII.  12,  A.  Ill,  5.    Lower 
Jaw  not  pnyeclliig.  8i!rRX!«ls,  2217. 

tif.  Roof  of  inijiith  posteriorly  duoky.  bnrcal  and  brnnihlal  cavitiia 
otherwise  white:  lower  Jaw  a  little  pruJevUn^r.  D.  XUI,  U  or 
l&i  A.  UI,  7  or  6.  ZACENTRCs.  32Ii). 

iy.  Lower  Jaw  much  projecting ;  side*  abore  with  Irregular  horizontal  inter- 
rupted oUro-grvea  bands :  peritoneum  dusky.    D.  XIII,  13;  A.111,6. 

KLOHOATQB,  8210. 

W.  Mandible  naked:  peritoDoum  pale  or  white.    Body  usually  deep. 

I'.  Sciiles  oil  heiid  inoHlly  cycloid  ;  lower  Jaw  proJertiuK ;  ht-ad  large,  pointed. 
m'.  Sccvud  anal  spine  4^  in  heud ;  color  pink,  with  1  interrupted  oroas 
bwa  of  biMk ;  back  •ometlmea  dusky. 

L.«vi5.  2220. 
mm'.  Second  anal  Kpine  2|  in  head,  mach  stranger  than  thini:  color 
pinkish  white,  bnuded  with  deep  crimson. 

arBBivwrrus.  2221. 
U'.  Scales  on  beail  rtenoid;  lower  Jaw  usnally  iooladed;  aocond  anal  «piDe 
little  eniargeil. 
n'.  Nuchal  sjilutui  none.    Body  not  barred  with  black.    Intororbltal 
apace  widening  markedly  from  before  ba«kw«rd. 
AtJCTOSPntA  (aM«(iu,  self:  tjrina,  sjiiue) : 
0'.  Oorunal spines  usually  present;  color  brownish,  mottled.    ADUOrLam, BH. 
00'.  Coronal  spines  none:  ridges  with  entire  edges. 
FTBROPODI'S  (rrtpar.  Wing:  rove,  fuotj : 
p'.  Gill  raknm  I'xtri-iiiely  short,  most  of  them  as  wide  oa  high;  geniral  coIot 
duaky  greenish.  KADTaKuaoEK,  222J. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America,      1777 


pp',  Om  niki'Ts  hiRheT  tbiui  widn. 

>y'.  Hi|;li<^*t  (ioriuil  iipini!  niitalily  mom  thnn  \  1«nglb  nf  bead. 

r'.  Henil  am!  Ji)vj>or  part*  nompcokli'd  wltli  nranjje.  mitinhnuip  of 

niiiiiouH  ilurHiU  not  very  iliM"iitv  iric-iH«<il. 

i".  Color  dark  browu,  vnried  with  light  Jirown ;  rioritnl  npiuea 

modoratc.  cai'rim-k,  •J224. 

»'.  Color  re4diiili,  varied  witb  .vnllovriH}] ;  (luraal  niiiurx  «x- 

trfuielv  hifih.  vexillabir,  21'25. 

rr'.  Head  iind  api»er  luirta  cvorywhpro  api-cklid  wltli  oraiiKO ;  frout 

nfbatk  .Tttllowihli ,  Hoft  tinn  hlack  :  dariuil  apiuoaoiti-niiu^ly 

h)i;li,  their  Di<>Dibntn«ii  deeply  incised,        maliokr,  222^. 

9f '.  Hlgb<>iit  duraal  ajiiiie  little,  if  any.  more  tliau  ^  tlie  b-uglh  of  bnsd. 

<'.  Palo  Idoti'lips  on  aidoH  not  rormine  a  continnoux  lateral  band; 

parietal  rid^^ea  modcrnlc. 

u'.  PaliMiiiii'kingHl>ri('k  n-d,  dnrkiiiarklugablaokish;  duraal 

membrane  vory  di»ply  inciiurd.  niuiBKn,  2227. 

uu'.  Pale  mttrklnga  fleab  color  -,  dark  markingH  olivaocona. 

CABXATUa,  2S28. 
uuii'.  Pale  markinga  yellowt  dark  marklngti  Idacfciali, 

c<tIR¥iioiiEUis,  223S. 
If'.  Palo  blotchcfl  on  aidea  forming  a  coDtlnuuciA  luttiral  band; 
body  nod  Aii9  profusely  speckled  wltli  pitle;  dark  mark- 
lugH  black;  piUe  marking* yellow;  parietal  riilgea  vory 
ntroug.  NEUtTLOBl'li,  2230. 

8»BA8TlCimiV8  (Sehattft:  ixOw,  fish): 
nn'.  KiK'hnl  spiiion  prrsfnt,  nomotiinea  coslonci'iil  ■with  pnrivtnls;  cnuiini  ridit«« 
high,  urranged  nearly  In  n  right  linn  un  laili  side  of  the  narrow  ln]i  of 
head:  buily  witb  bl;>ck  rroHii  bar.i.  xoiuc  red,  at  iiuist  ou  bewi. 
t'.  Craniul  rldKc-.t  with  their  t^ineH  entirr:  color  <ilivui-e(iiia,  witb  black 
croBH  biuiiU,  the  red  chietiy  conlineil  lo  the  Jaws.      SERRtrETg.  22:11. 
vt'.  Crnulul    ridgeM  wiili    I1;e   siirliici'    hiiiken,    iipinoiiK:     frontitl    ridgen 
elevated :  i:olor  brl),:bt  red.  with  bliu  k  b.iLHlii  overlaid  by  red. 

KIliBuCIM'TUS,  2232. 

Bubcenua  EMMELAS,  ,Iardi>ti  ic.  Everiuaoa. 

8177.  NKBA-STOUGS  OLArCUH  (Hilgendorf). 

Head  .*)i  in  len^h;  depth  3$;  eye  i}  in  head,  1^  in  anont;  interortiital 
widtli  3},  in  hsiid.  D.  XIV,  16;  A.  III.  8.  Lateral  line  witb  5U  pores. 
Hi^heHt  dorsal  spine  2|  in  head,  thirtoenth  spine  H,  f<Mirt«i'QtL  Hpiiio  3}; 
second  annl  spine  3.;|,  third  anal  spine  Hi,  longest  soft  ray  of  doreitl  1, '■',(. 
Crown  and  occiput  very  'troud,  more  convexJy  arched  tbiin  in  any  oth««i' 
sjiei^iea  known  to  tis.  Nasal  spineH  low,  but  strong.  Ociilnr  ridgo  low, 
evident  only  aliove  front  of  eye;  oecipital  ridf{e«  barely  evident,  evenly 
scaled  over;  top  of  hi-ad  otherwise  without  H])iTies,  ridges,  or  furrows, 
the  even  convex  curvi*  nnbrnken,  Verdcil  distaiice  from  uiiddju  of  inter- 
orbital  Mpace  to  np]H'r  edge  of  orbit  eqniillin*:;  i  vertical  di^tineter  of 
orbit.  Anterior  niargiit  of  preorbital  with  2  rounded  IoIh's  whirb  do 
not  brar  spinous  points:  prcopercnlnr  spines  very  strong,  the  upper  2 
f'losely  approximate,  thi-  others  wi<ie]y  separated,  all  tlie  spiiieH  sliurp 
pointed,  the  uppermost  very  wide  at  bane,  the  second  much  narrower, 
the  othi-rs  short  ami  wide;  upper  3  spinas  directed  backward,  tho  3 
lower  downward  and  backward;  opercular  spines  strong,  tlat,  often  bifid 


1778         Bulletin  //,  United  States  National  Museum. 


ortrifid;  spines  on  adjacent  anples  of  Bnliopcrdc  niul  iiit<>rn[>flTc1e  some- 
time»  bifid ;  bi-hiiid  thescv  iiu  rii!ir}»iii  nf  siiboitercli"  a  fdw  «li<trf  spinous 
point*.  Gill  rakerg  very  loii;^  .iml  slemUr.  ll-f-29  in  mimlior,  the  anterior 
1  or  2  oC  lower  arch  tulieniular,  tbe  Intif^est  (22  nun.)  more  tliau  »  diameter 
oforliit.  Miiiidrhle  very  heavy,  thf  Hyni]diysi8  not  produr'fd,  tin-  '2  jawa 
aubeqtial.  Voniorinc  and  pnhitiiiv  pati-lKsn  of  tooth  oxtroniply  narrow. 
Fills  lii^;li,  tlio  third  to  sovi-ntli  doisii)  «pinc«  i*nliei|iinl ;  c:iiidnl  very 
slighlly  c'liiaryiuate;  anal  spines  ^^riuUiated ;  poctorala  fcnrcoly  reaohiug 
vertical  from  vont,  the  lower  it  simple,  the  10  mipor  forked;  vontral  not 
reaching  v«nt,  <{  lengtli  of  brad.  Ciunlal  Kcnled  to  tip  on  inenihrHues  and 
niys;  »nlt  iIorRiil  nnd  sinnl  with  narrow  hands  nfKcales  following  thn  rays 
to  or  ueiirly  to  their  tiji".  tin?  lueiuhnvnoa  of  thi>  (irnt  3  or  •!  riiys  in  cacli  tin 
wholly  seiilf'd  on  hsisal  tliiid;  Rpinotis  dortinl  nnkod  ;  pectoriils  .sciiled  on 
t'Osal  hidf;  ventral*  naked;  bead,  tlio  maxillary  and  nmndihlo,  tbo  liran- 
chin8to({al  rays,  tin-  anterior  and  tipper  half  of  int*roperc-Ie,  and  all  of 
proorbital  except  a  niintitt<  arua  along  it«  )u>sturiiir  luarfjin,  naked.  The 
bwly  is  ('(vviTcd  with  small  weakly  oteuoid  HcaleH.  lar);ely  eovcrnd  over 
by  the  estraordinarily  <levcloped  ncrcsaory  .scale*;  Bcalea  on  lireatit,  belly, 
and  pii'pi'ctoriil  area  fttnnuth.  The  naked  flkin  covering  bones  of  head 
IN  niJiiiitoly  wrinklcil  or  papilloscs.  t'olor  in  »))irit*,  light  brownish  ou 
liody  iiud  liust.  with  darkiT  sbadi-s  on  lipR,  gill  luembranes,  opcroles,  and 
top  of  head;  it  may  have  been  reddish  in  life;  mouth  and  gill  cavity 
wbitti;  pt-ritonoimi  jet-black.  On©  specimon  10  cm.  long,  from  Bering 
Island,  The  identification  is  made  with  some  doubt,  owing  to  lack  of 
any  detailed  <li'«cription  of  the  type,  a  driud  Bpcciinon  from  Yt'sso,  and  to 
some  niiuor  discri'iiaiicius  between  the  two.  Our  specimen  has  .V)  (not 
49)  luhcB  in  tlm  liitoral  line,  the  nasal  spine  issninll  but  not  i>roperly  to  be 
called  rndiincnlary,  the  dors.il  notch  sceiiis  soincwbat  deeper,  and  tho 
eeuond  anal  spino  Houiewbat  shorter.  North  PaciQo;  cooste  of  Japan  and 
lleriug  Islauit.     {(jlaitcua;  yXavHo^,  hoary  bhio.) 

Subgenus  SEBASTODES. 
SITB.  HKBISTUDKH  JORDAKI,  Qilbirt. 

D.  XIII,  It  or  15;  A.  UI,  9  or  10.  Pores  in  laterul  line  54  to  58.  Max- 
illary reaching  vertical  from  middle  of  eye,  2\  in  hca<l;  snont  3(j  in  heiid; 
interiirbital  widtli  1?;  eye  large,  3^.  Hody  very  slendi-r,  the  doptli  4 
in  the  length;  the  least  depth  of  cmidat  |)edunrle  J  dianiet«r  of  e.vis; 
head  very  slender,  'IX  in  length,  taporing  regularly  to  the  very  sharp 
.suont.  Mandibb'  ])roject,iiig.  itN  tip  entering  ])rolile,  provided  with  a 
nitlicr  Hunill  but  di^linct  sympbyseal  knob.  Interorbital  width  flat  or 
slightly  convrx,  wholly  scaled  over,  the  orbital  riilgis  ob8(dct«  or  a  faint 
tracx  cmiy  of  the  Htipmorbltal.  wbicb  is  al^vay^«  without  Kpiue;  occipital 
ridges  are  low  and  ubarp.  lertitinating  each  in  a  Hptnoiis  ])oint.  In  addi- 
tion t"  thesi'i  the  tynipaiiio  spines  .are  Hometimcs  weakly  drvt-loped,  and 
the  nasal  Mptiics  are  present;  heail  otherwise  whidly  suiootb;  preorbitAl 
very  narrow  behm-  eye,  wide  aiitcriorly,  without  di.-stinct  lobes,  but  witli 
1  or  2  weak  spinonB  points;  gill  rak<-rs  long  and  wry  slender,  2*J  present 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1779 


on  borizontftl  limlj  of  outer  arch,  tho  longest  equaling  \  diameter  of  orlilt; 
preopercular  «])itii-8  ;">,  comparativfijy  slcutli-r.  all  <lir<*ctv(]  liackward;  ilor- 
ual  flpines  very  slender,  tbu  fourth  the  lougcHt,  or  the  fourth  and  liftb 
oiiaiil,  contained  2}  to  2J  lu  length  of  heiKl;  ilnrsiil  very  deeply  iiotch)>(l, 
the  twelfth  s|>iue  lint  \  as  Iou>;  as  the  loiiKCSt,  and  liurely  couuectei)  at 
bsiHe  with  the  eleventh  ;  soft  dorsitl  scarcely  \\»  \\\g\i  as  the  spiiioiLs;  flrHt 
imal  8|iiue  very  slutrt,  Hie  accoiid  very  Blijthtly  stronnjer  thuu  the  third, 
and  nciirly  or  quite  im  lonj;  tiK'iuiiired  from  bnue,  it<i  length  3^  in  head  •,  the 
second  opiuo  appi'iirs  iiineh  shorter  than  the  third  when  the  tin  iti  declined; 
lonfjest  soft  my  of  aual  2«  in  head;  eaiidn]  deejdy  notched.  Anns  anterior 
in  iMiaition,  midway  lietween  lirst  aual  spine  and  luiae  of  ventriils;  tips  nf 
vetitnils  extending  to  or  beyond  it,  and  the  jjectoriilM  exteudiufi  beyond 
tips  III'  vcutrala.  Scales  gniiiU,  everywhere  etcnuid,  entirely  r.overin«»  head, 
inebidiuK  )ii'>x>lb>rie9,  inandililes,  and  snout,  except  a  triiingiibir  area  on 
top  of  snout,  beneath  wbiib  lie  the  preniMxillary  spines.  Color  a«  in 
Si Iwttoiiix  i/oadii,  dusky  olive  above,  bright  silvery  on  sides  of  head  and 
body,  and  below;  jirobably  with  xoine  red  in  life;  tins  unmarked;  month 
and  <jtll  cavities  pure  white,  the  peritoneum  jet-black.  Skeleton  eonipar- 
ativcly  llexible  a.s  iu  deep-water  lishea.  Len^tb  1>  inrhi's.  MoHt  nearly 
allied  to  Sebimtodi-s  t/ooii<i.  from  which  it  diU'MM  iii  the  iniiib  slenilerer  liody, 
the  Ioniser  aual  spinen,  the  Hlaek  peritnneum.  ami  the  nuire  nuineious  ^ill 
rakers.  From  S.  < n/owt/ii*  .•md  oniiia  thix  speries  dill'ers  in  the  oli.soiesceuce 
III' the  cntnial  ridi;es,  as  well  as  in  other  details,  (Gilbert. )  This  species 
Btauils  at  one  extreme  of  this  geuiii*  as  tfehantode*  nii/rociiictin  stands  at  the 
other.  Neither  type  repre.-teiits  the  primitive  stock,  and  it  may  be,  aa  Dr. 
K]{ri'ni)iaun  ban  siigi^eNted,  that  SiltiislodiH  myilinaii  is  the  ripecies  nearest 
the  primitive  ty[ie  from  which  the  l.orviiti  arc  all  descended.  (Named 
lor  David  Starr  Jordan.) 

SeAiulodcijarciani,  GlLtiKHT,  Itopt  U.  .S.  Fi<>h  Onini.  1803  (1890.400.  cout  of  California  at 
Albatross  stations  9935,  3103,  and  3114,  yiP  to  37°  N.,  in  fri  to  114  fathoms. 


8170.  SEBiSTOOKS  GOaDF.I,  Eicenmann  &  Eigenmaon. 

Head2;(;  depth  3$ ;  eye  3i!  in  bead.  D.  XIII,  11;  A.  Ill,  8;  later.1I  line 
5."i  (pores),  about  JK)  transverse  series  above  lateral  line.  Body  very  -ilen- 
der,  with  narrow  con«tricted  cauda!  pedumle,  sharji  snout,  and  mncb  pro- 
joi'tiiifj  lower  ,jaw,  the  latter  well  entering  prolile  and  furnished  witk 
8yinphya<sil  knob.  Eye  moderate,  slifjhtly  longer  thiin  snout;  nnixillary 
reaching  slightly  beyond  middleof  orbit,  I'i  iuheadi  leattt  depth  of  caudal 
peiliuiele  less  tlisn  diameter  of  orbit;  preorliital  narrow,  its  least  width  * 
pnpll.  with  a  minute  spine  or  none.  Nasal  spine  obsolete.  Top  of  heart 
smooth.  Interorbital  width  U  in  head;  preorbital  region  not  prominent; 
all  hilt  Ihe  pai  ielal  ridj^es  scaled  ovei';  preo]iereula)-  Hpines  llat,  sharp,  all 
diiciteil  liacU  W.111I,  the  seeouil  and  third  e(|ual,  the  othern  shurt-er;  iiper- 
ciil.'ir  and  su]tr.tBea]iular  spines  well  developed,  (iiil  rakers  long  and  slen- 
der, abiint  'I't  on  .interior  limb  nf  arch,  the  longest  \  K-ugth  of  orliit. 
I>ui'»al  spiTieK  low  and  slender,  the  longest  about  L*i  in  head,  the  twelfth 
^  height  of  thirteenth,  the  latt«raliout  ^  height  of  s<ift  rays,  which  are 


1780  BuUciin  47,  United  StaUs  National  Museum, 


lower  t.hftn  tho  Bpines.  Caailnl  forked  for  |  ita  leugtb.  Anal  very  small, 
tlie  spiiii-B  short  hut  strong,  iBfradnsited,  the  secoml  stroDKer  and  slightly 
shorter  thnn  tliinl.  \t»  leu^h  i  orbit.  Soft  anal  rays  low.  their  height  i 
head;  pictoral  not  reaching  vent,  1|  in  h<'a<l.  projecting  heyond  tips  of 
ventr»I«.  8cale«  roogh-^tenoid,  loraidetely  investiug  head  aud  body, 
iucliiding  maxillariea,  maiidildc,  mid  outer  liranchiootegal  rays.  Gill 
rakers  10  or  11  -f  -•$  t<^>  25.  In  ,3  yoiiog  apcfiiiions  the  oooipital  spines  ar« 
evident,  the  othern  t'oncealed  or  not  dcvelopwl.  The  young  obow  ."»  dusky 
bars  downward  Iroui  lnn'k,  under  front,  middle,  and  end  nl'spinoasdorval, 
IhsIow  Hoft  dorsal,  and  on  caudal  peduncle.  Tho  bend  is  contained  'i\  tiinea 
in  tho  longtb  ;  {b«!  depth  'X^.  The  second  anal  spiuu  is  as  long  as  the  third, 
but  tloen  not  rcuch  it»  tiji  when  fin  is  declined.  Ihisky  olivaceous  ubove, 
ailverv  on  «idi's  jiiid  liclow,  more  or l^iis  ttii«hed  with  red;  spinous  dorsal 
Komewliat  dnsky,  vertical  fins  otherwise  yelIowinh,  without  diHtlnctlve 
markings;  lining  of  diouMi  and  gill  cavity  white;  peritoneum  white,  with 
Hui.tll  scattered  black  stellate  epot«,  wad  more  or  loss  uloinlcd  with  Diiunt« 
specks.  Bones  of  skull  modorntdy  thick;  craninl  ridges  (except  parietals) 
and  spines  obsolete,  occasionally  u  niinnte  tyvipanic  or  parietal  spine  pres- 
ent; pfuietal  ridges  low  bnt  distinct,  parletfil  bone<(  widely  separated, 
intcr0rbit.1l  space  nearly  Hat  (slightly  convex},  broad,  verv"  nearly  Sin 
base*  of  sknll;  ventral  process  of  basisphenoid  rndimeiitary,  meseth- 
moid  processes  weak,  flat,  depicssed,  ba.se  of  sknll  fparaephenoid)  mark- 
edly curved.  Length  IK  inches.  San  Diego  to  San  Francisco.  Mere 
described  from  specinicns  from  Albatross  Station,  2949,  off  Santa  Rarbara 
Islands,  in  155  fathoms.  The  species  is  now  taken  in  abuvidance  about  the 
t'oponadoH  Islandn.  Santa  i'alulina,  and  the  C'ortez  Banks.  (Kanie<l  for 
Dr.  George  Hrown  fioode.) 

Stbatlorif  joodri,  KiofLVMANX  A  RmE.'num,  Proo.  Cal.  Ac.  Scl.  1800, 12,  S»n  Die^o.     (Coll. 

C.  H.  EiKonnmmi.) 
Stbattichti^tl*  goodti.  atLBSRT,  Proe.  U.  &  NaL  Mas.  I8S0, 75. 


SISO.  HEDXHTOSEK  PirCISPtMS  (Ayrai). 
(ItooAOCiO:  Menor;  .Tack.) 

Hewl  21;  depth  SJ;  eye  4  to  6  in  head.  D.  XIII,  13;  A.  Ill,  9;  P.6. 
Luteral  line  with  65  to  80  tnbes,  abnnt  lUO  scales  iu  longitndhial  series. 
Body  elongate,  coinprcssed,  profile  stniight  frcwn  protrmling  tip  of  lower 
jaw  to  front  of  dorsal.  Mead  large,  long,  narrow,  aud  pointed.  Mouth 
much  larger  than  iu  any  other  sjieeies,  oldi<|uc,  the  broad  maxillary  reaeh- 
iiig  to  beyond  eye,  its  length  IJ  in  hejul;  lower  jaw  very  strong,  with  » 
projecting  knob  at  tip,  which  protrudes  Hirther  than  in  any  other  spccien. 
I'rcuiBxtllary  on  level  of  lower  edge  of  pupil,  Interoenlar  space  broad, 
with  2  low  ridges;  top  of  bead  scaled  to  tip  of  snout;  maxillary  and 
preorbital  scaly;  preorbital  with  narrow  neck  and  3  small  spines;  subor- 
bital utay  moderate;  preopercular  sjiincs  rtbarp  and  diverging,  third 
largest,  the  lower  often  divided;  opercalitr  spines  moderate.     Gill  rakers 


'  Base  of  ikall  mr«aii ri-<l  Iroiii  lip  of  vomer  Ui  poatisrior  end  uf  baaiooelpltaL 


J^ 


Jordan  and  Evcmiann. — Fishts  of  North  America.     1781 


sleadiT,  coiiipreBAcd,  u«t  very  Xon^^.  Kye  larjjo,  slightly  luoi-p  tLuii  iutoror- 
bit.-il  widtli.  Scnle*  very  siiuill  aijd  rough,  iripjjiil.-tr;  ncve.sn()iy  acales 
few.  Dorniil  spines  low,  nitluir  slemler,  tiu  deeply  eiiinrgiuiito,  loiiKest 
■piiio  '  length  "f  lu-nd,  Hnartelv  (liglier  tliuusoft  rsys;  caiiilal  euiurgiuato; 
annl  low.  its  »]»iii6H  Hinnt),  »Uort.  grailuated,  llio  Hecuiid  Hliort4;r  thmi  eye; 
pectoralK  narrow,  rjilher  long,  not  nearly  reuFhiiig  voiit,  tJni  liii.He  J  diiiiuv- 
tcr  ul'eyv;  veiilriil.H  irtliorlur,  not  r<<acliiti{f  tips  of  pectortvU.  i'ale  dull 
or«llgu  ti'd,  d»rk  brown  nlmvn,  tht'  sides  muiiewhnt  vaguely  Bpotli'd  ;  yonug 
olivjifuoiis;  tins  iieaily  idiiiii,  lowor  rctldisli;  npjiiT  dimky;  ti])  of  liiH<-r 
jaw  ilurk.  Uouca  of  hUiiII  llilok;  craiiiiil  ridges  (except  )>arietalBy  mid 
Hpiue»<all  )d)soleti';  small  »|>iiieN  nNiiiilly  present  in  the  yonng,  uccasinntilly 
iu  udiilts;  piirietal  ri«lgp«  low  l)nt  distinct;  pniietal  bonex  ngiiiilly  widely 
Bepavuted;  iuiiTorldtiil  spuce  convex,  brwid.  very  nearly  3  iu  base  olttknll 
iu  ailult;  nu^netbinoid  proceMies  weak.  Mat.  ilepresgeil :  ventral  process  of 
ba«l!<])bcnoiil  rndiinentriry,  base  of  Mknll  (paraapbeiioid)  markedly  curved. 
Length  30  inehes.  Sau  Diego  to  San  Krauoisco;  abandont  in  rather  deep 
water,     (jmiici,  few;  »pina,  spine.) 

Se\ia*lrt  paiieityinU,  ATBBft.  I'roc.Cul.  Ac  Sci.,  t,  1854,6.  San  Francisco;  Gibabd,  t".  S. 

I'iic.  It.  K. Survey,  x.  Ki«he». 83, 1868 ;  Ciix,  Proc.  Ac. Nat.  8ti.  I'UUa.  1881, 165 ;  ATUas, 

I'riic,  CmI.  Ac.  Sri.  )«6"J.  215;  ('•I'ntiieb.  riit.,ll,  98. 
^tUatUnitt  jHtuciapiiiM,  JoaiiA>  Is,  GlLBBUI,  SyuopsU,  866, 1S83. 


Subgenus  SEBASTOSOMUS,  GUL 
1191.  SKBASTOOES  FLAVIDt'8  (AyiM). 


(Yeixciw-TjiiL  RocKTiaa.) 

Head  3:  depth  ;i;  pertoral  4.  D.  XIII,  15;  A,  111,  9;  scales  about  (50. 
Body  olilong,  cnntpres^ed,  bai  k  not  iiiitcb  elevated.  Ili-ad  rather  long, 
pointed;  mouth  large,  obliijiie,  the  ciiaxiltary  extending  to  nearly  opposite 
poBteriar  titargiu  of  oyc,  2  in  bead;  |»ri'iuaxillarie8  iu  fr<int  ou  level  of 
lower  margin  of  pupil.  I^owor  jaw  utrcngly  projecting,  its  aympbysenl 
knoll  very  jtroniinent,  but  lesn  ho  than  in  Sihii»liitiis  iittiiri«iiinii.  I'reor- 
bital  narrow,  wttbout  apiiieH.  Top  of  bead  cveuly  HcUed,  naaal  H])itie8 
only  present  ami  very  souall.  Only  the  parietal  ridges  visible  under 
Mt-aleH.  Pr<<opercular  Rpiuen  r.itlier  etrong.  all  ol'  tlietii  directed  Htrniiply 
bai'kwaril;  operiubir  8piiicM  moderate;  BU|irascjtpHlar  «pines  i«niall,  the 
upper  obsolete.  Si'iilea  inediuiu;  aeeeasory  seales  variabb'.  Dorsal  npinea 
low,  Hiender,  lougeat  3  in  head ;  soft  rays  nitber  bigh,  fin  very  deeply 
euiarginste,  mciubrane  joiniug  tbirt^^eutU  spine  at  about  i  itu  height; 
CAudal  fin  notched;  anal  npiiie-s  low,  regnlarly  graduated,  third  spine  leaa 
than  i  the  height  of" soft  rays,  second  ;ts  long  as  eye;  pei-toraltius  shortish, 
rather  broad,  ii>aeliiiigti|i  of  ventrals,  but  not  ijiiite  to  vent.  Olive  green, 
rather  pate,  plain  or  (iiidy  spotted  ivitb  yellovviMh;  fiu,*  olive,  caudal 
Htrongly  tinged  with  yellow;  young  niottlod ;  peritoneum  white.  Bones 
of  skull  rather  thick,  cranial  npinesall  almeiit,  parietal  ridges  low,  weak, 
curved,  the uiit«rridgeH absent:  parietal bouex  meeting;  iuterorbitalHpaee 
wide,  3  io  ba«e  of  akull,  ueaxly  evenly  convex ;  mesothmoid  procesiiea  i^uite 


1782         Bulletin  47 >  United  Slates  Natuynal  Museum. 


tftroug,  somewhat  comprenwetl.  not  i'lt'v:it»'(l ;  vviitnil  proeosA  of  bitsisjilic- 
iioid  nuliiiu'iitary,  base  of  skull  utioujjly  <'iirveil,  Ldigtli  24  incben.  8an 
Dii't;n  to  Siin  Francisi'o,  iilniuilant;  an  iuiportiint  fuod-fiab.  (Jiaridut; 
JUtviii,  yfllow.) 

Stbiltodtl  ftiitidut.  Amis,  Proo.  CiU.  \t.  S<0.  IMS,  209.  IIk.  (M,  San  Prucisco  (Coll.  W. O. 
A]rrea> :  Jobdah  ii.  Uiliiebt,  S.vnupais,  8S7, 1683. 

8183.  NEB.iNTi>ni:s  KKUBA.MIIDES,  Eiictmwnnti  &  ElgMimoilD. 

Head  3;  depth  3)t  to  3i ;  eye  U  in  heatl.  D.  XIII.  15  or  16;  A.  Ill,  9;  lui- 
erivl  lini"  60  (fK>r«-H).  KIoiis:atr,  sleudt-r,  the  tloiHjil  pmlilt*  luit  littl<-  iuqu> 
arched  than  vt>iitru1:  tieud  coniiiroHsed,  uiiterinr  proiile  silmuHt  r<ti:ii|^ht; 
Bnont  long,  |)ointcd;  lower  jaw  projcftiuj;,  ito  tip  entering  profile.  Eye 
large,  Ij^  iu  snuiit,  li  iu  strongly  convex  intcrortiitiil.  I'raniitl  ridges  nearly 
obaolete,  iiom-  id'  iheui  oiidiii;;  in  fipiues;  Da.<ial  HpineH  minute,  nut  evident 
I'ltiTU.'illy.  Parietiil  buiiea  iui'«tinj»  iiliove.  I'reorUJtul  withoul  spines; 
preoperi'nlar  spintiH  lonK,  sli-nder,  the  lower  oneH  iia  well  dfvrloped  ub  the 
iiiiddir  oiMiK  in  ];ir);e!(t  ■tpi.irlniuiiH;  opiiiciditr  spines  :t!<  iu  Srhiiitloih»  flnridua. 
iV\\\  nikern  lung  :iud  sk-tnlta',  a»  ii»  Sefm»tot(<» jlaridHD.  Scali-.i  lurfje.  those 
ol'  lieail  gri-:itly  nthioed  ;  snout,  niaiidibk'S,  and  even  the  li]is  cloaely  sraU>d 
iu  the  olil;  jwlatiue  patcheH  of  tei'tti  peculiar,  a  constriction  near  their 
middle,  tin*  aiUeriur  iitijjle  tiirui'd  inwanl.  iKirsul  lin  low,  the  highest 
Hpinc  aii«)ut  I]  in  heud,  uuti'h  Imtwocii  the  2  Huh  deep;  candal  notchi>d; 
aiiJil  spines  slender,  gniduiited;  peftonik  not  rcnehliig  tlpMof  vtMitiala, 
iiotni'itrly  to  veut.  tJrjiy  of  viirying  shaden,  the  ba<k  always  darker;  a 
McrieH  id'  large  white  blotiliea  alon>^  aidiH  id'  li:ick  niiirh  more  uiarkeil  in 
Kome  e\:inip]ei!i  th:in  in  others;  liiiH  all  nitire  oi  less  Htrougly  tinged  with 
yellow  and  edged  with  du»ky.  Length  about  20  inches.  Cort«z  Banks 
otr  .San  Diego,    (Kigenniaiin.)     (-S^rrona*,-  e/ijoc,  reseiublancei) 

Sebiulicthyi  jiaviitiii,  KiaE.vjux.x  ic  ExoiLSiLAXX  (not  uf  Aybks),  West  American  SciitntiBi 

StiHUtodu  mrraMidts.  EiaimiAjrN  &  EioiurMAKn,  Proc.  Cat  Ac  Sol  18H0,  3«,  Cortex 
Baaka.    (Cull.  C.  H.  Eiguimuuui.l 


M88.  SKBASTODEN  MELAXOFS  (airsrd). 

HMdS;  depth  2J.  Ii.  XUI,  16;  A.  Ill,  8;  scales  60  to  70,  53  porw; 
peotorsl  4^.  Ileiid  lung,  in  I'orm  inlertiiodiate  between  i*^.  mjintiiitiH  and 
.y.  Jlaridu-ii.  Maxiltwry  not  quite  r<-inhtug  jioHterior  margin  of  orbit,  ita 
length  a  little  lesH  than  1  head;  lower  Jaw  protruding,  its  tip  on  a  line 
with  dcMieiiiling  profile,  l-ye  large.  Crauial  ridgex  all  »c-iile«l  over  and 
without  Hpini'H  in  the  adult;  apaoe  forward  of  eye  not  projecting;  pru- 
opereuliir  Hpiiies  short,  Imt  sharp.  Gil!  rakera  longer  than  in  S.  iiiyatiitut, 
very  slender,  iiorsal  rather  low,  deeply  eumrgiuate,  highest  spinea  2J  iu 
he.-Ld,  a  little  lower  than  soft  rays;  candal  Hlightly  emarginatc ;  anal 
Hpines  Hmsill,  the  second  shorter  but  stonter  than  third,  longer  than  eye; 
pei'toralH  short  »u<l  rather  brund,  not  reaching  as  far  as  tips  of  vcntrals, 
whii'h  scnreely  reach  vent.  .Se;ile8  moderate;  accessory  scales  nnnicrous; 
maudiblo,  maxillary,  preorbital,  and  tiuout  closely  scaled.    Olive  brovm, 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     1783 


dark  above,  HiileH  i)al«r;  npjier  ])uvt  of  sides  tliiikly  iiKirked  with  siiiall 
ulttty-blark  blotclicH;  lieuil  MuckisL  iiUovi';  ii  dark  streak  on  muxillary 
mid  Olio  from  uye  acroas  cheek;  ihiii  dusky,  dorsal  palter  nt  buae,  with 
niiiiiy  tiark  olive-brown  !<pot«f  a  black  ociihir  Hj>ot;  lower  raya  of  pecto- 
rals often  tinged  witli  orange;  peritanoain  while,  Uuitea  of  skull  thick, 
cranial  rid^it.'s  (except  parirtala)  jind  spines  obaotute;  parietal  ridfjfs 
inoiU'rati',  aoniettmeB  ending  iu  a  Hinall  spiut.^;  small  supra- or  ]>08tucii)ur 
spine  sonj('«tine»  present;  piirictal  bonw  tunchingor  over]a|i|iin<!in  middle 
third  of  llii-ir  length:  interorbital  Bj>a«e  lirood,  convex,  lU'ftrlySin  base  of 
aknll  ill  adult,  uR-xethinoid  processes  not  elevated  ;  ventral  processor  bjwi- 
»ph<'n«td  riiilini«>ntary ;  bimo  of  skull  (iiarawpheiioid)  markedly  cnrvod. 
Length  ^l  inches.  Mwntcrey  to  Kndiak,  moat  abnuihtnt  northward;  very 
almnihiut  at  Sitk.i.  whtsra  it  is  called  "  f'.liick  Uass."  At  San  Francisco 
niiich  Ittss  L'oniiiiiiii  tlinn  .S.  Hiy«tiH««;  aUcmt  Humboldt  Hay  much  more  com- 
mon, being  thu  most  aluindant  (oi>d-Ji»h,     (;i<'A.n;,  black;  coip,  face.) 

SttxuU*  mriannpi,'  liiBARD,  Proo.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phn».,  nil,  18S4,  13S,  and  is  V.  8.  Pao. 

R.  R.  Suit,,  x,  Fi8lu«,  Rl.  18,^8,  Astoria  Bad  Cape  Flattery  r  AruES,  Proo,  Cut  Ao.  ScL 

1882,  213,  Br.  66,  (iONTiiEB,  Cat.,  11.98. 
SttaHotomat  tiinuUsn;'  UiLL,  Vkm.  Av.  Nat.  Set.  PliiU.  ISM.  U7,  Cape  Flattery. 
SOttulodtM  iMtanop*.  Ckaxeb,  Proc.  OaL  Ao.  8cl.,  awlea  3,  v,  1805,  502,  pi.  68,  fig.  4. 


Subgenus  PRIMOSPINA,  Ei|j;enmaiui  \  Ueeaon. 
2t»4.  KKB.1ST0IIKS  ni.lATCK  (TUcaiiid). 

HeadS};  depthSto^i.  D.XIII.IG;  A.111,8;  I'.I8orI9:  transvOTse (ob- 
liqne)  row.s  ol'acales  l6or47  (-f  3  Dr4  on  caudal);  pores  iu  lateral  line  IG  or 
47.  body  coni pressed,  deep,  its  width  over  the  basouf  the  pectorals  about  2 
iu  the  depth;  dorsal  outline  descending  rapidly  backward  in  a  flight  curve 
from  origin  of  lirst  dorsal  to  end  of  second  dorsal;  depth  of  peduncle 
mure  than  H  iu  depth  of  body  :  head  compressed,  prolile  steep  and  nearly 
straight;  eye  moderate,  orbit  circular,  it«  diameter  a  little  long(>r  than 
SDOiit,  3ji  iu  head,  its  posterior  riiu  at  about  lli(>  middle  of  h^ngth  of  head. 
Interoibital  space  strongly  convex,  itsdei>th  a  little  less  than  orbit,  3I|  to  4 
in  head.  Nasal  spines  snnill ;  cranial  ridges  and  spitien  all  obscdeto,  except 
the  parietal;  parietal  ridge  very  slightly  develo])ed,  with  a,  minute  point 
or  none,  covered  with  ai-ales.  Mouth  moderate,  quite  obliiiue;  tip  of 
nppor  jjiw  ou  a  level  with  center  of  eye;  iuu.xillftr.\  2i  iu  head,  ita  pos- 
terior end  reaching  about  to  vortical  froiu  posterior  edge  of  pupil;  lower 
jaw  a  little  projecting,  with  a  slight  syniphyseal  knob.  Very  n.-irrow 
baitds  of  teeth  on  jaws,  vomer,  and  palatines.  Preorbital  moderate,  its 
lower  edge  »rarce!y  at  all  indented  or  entirely  coutinnoiis,  spineless;  sub- 
orbital stay  scaroly  visible;  preocular  spines  smal],  the  3  upper  ilirtR'ted 
backward  and  slightly  diverging,  nearly  o^ilidistant  and  of  ecpial  size, 
the  2  lower  minute  or  obHole8c«nt;  opercular  spines  small,  without  visible 


•  fl^r^rriug  to  Dr.  Uiranl'n  description  of  tliis  apcclcs.  Dr.  I  Jill  romsrkh: 
"It  iiiulHo  prniMT  to  rniiiark  Miat ',!  «|N<ci6.'4  nre  apparently  ronr»unde<l  byCrirArd  under 
tbn  imniK  Srhmlrit  mrlanapn,  1  witli  'ii  aiuhII  apluo  api>ii  tlie  xnpruKcapalar  Uuiie,  I 
otli''r«  upon  tlic  ciIkc  »f  tbo  upenW.-,' mnl  nn'Uhur  ('mm  Oipw  Flattery,  wtlli  tliu  lower 
opnrcular  «|iiue  an  wi-U  u»  tbu  Huprnorliital  riilijvn  iili»nl>'tc,  iiml  tlio  IVin>lu>ail  ln'twoun  liio 
oyea  perloutly  arubed.    Tb«  Latlar  iiiaf  bo  uaiueil  lS«tMUlav>m\u  tinulani  <Uill>." 


1784         Bulletin  ^y,  United  States  National  Museum, 


ridges.  Gill  rakers  aleniler,  2  In  orbit,  23  or  2-4  on  STitertor  limb  of"  tirst 
nreh.  l)or*m)  tin  rather  low,  tho  spiues  delicate,  tlio  liltb  longest,  2^  to  2j; 
ill  li<<a<!,  the  &e<'on(l  iiixHit  wjiial  to  the  elovoutli,  the  twelfth  about  li  in 
the  thirteenth,  tlir  meiutiriine  r;tthi.'r  deaply  incised  anteriorly  and  reaob- 
in;j  abont  liullVjiy  ui>  tlie  tliirtei'uth  spints  anft  rays  about  equaling  tht< 
spines;  ctiudal  liu  sli^'btly  liiiiutu,  itj^  lt^tl;;th  about  1^  in  head;  second  aud 
third  iiualapiues  uboiit  i)i|(inl  in  lenKtli,  tbe  I'oruier  a  little  the  stronger,  1^ 
iu  the  soft  rays;  pectorals  reiu-hiajt;  very  nearly  to  vent,  U'  little  le«s  than 
bead,  'ili  in  body,  their  base  nearly  'i  in  their  length,  the  median  rays  long- 
est; ventrals  not  reaching  vent,  about  IJ  in  pectorals.  .Scales  on  body, 
uperoles,  and  interorbital  spsiue  strongly  ctenoid,  tbo.'<e  nu  uiundibles,  max- 
illiirioH,  imil  most  of  those  on  cheeks  cycloid;  |ireorbit;il  luid  snout  vritb 
miiMitti  scales;  acccBwry  scales  few.  Color  in  alcohol,  divrk  reddish 
brown,  mottled  with  ligbt-er;  top  of  head  nearly  bluck;  n  dark  stripe  on 
edge  of  lower  jaw,  another  ou  maxillary;  a  durk-brown  Imnd  from  pre- 
orbittil  downward  and  b:ickw.iird  to  poHterioredgc  of  prcnpcrcle;  a  broader 
banil  friiin  posterior  nm  of  orbit  backward  and  downward  iicrosH  pre- 
ojiercle  and  iiperi'lo;  tins  all  dusky,  the  dorsals  somewhat  mottled ;  peri- 
toucuiii  bbick.  I'oHHt  of  Alaska,  rare;  not  recently  noticed  i-xcept  abont 
Kadiak.  The  abov«  description  is  taken  from  3  Hpeeiiiieus,  Xi\  to  5J  inches 
long,  lYoin  Kaiiiak,  in  tht>  possesnion  of  the  .\la»tka  Comoiercial  Company. 
No  others  have  been  obtained  nince  tho  time  of  Pallas  and  Tileaioa.  (cilia- 
tuH;  eiliuiii,  eyelid,  with  the  lashes.) 

Epii\tph»l\i*  eiiialta,"  TilbsIOb,  Mim.  Ac.  Sol.  St.  Fetorab.,  ir,  IjlO,  474,  "  Camtachaticu* 

et  Amcricanu*;"  no  specific  locjility  given,  pmbably  from  nboiit  Kadiak. 
Perca  variabilis  VkvUlS,  '/.aagt.  KosaoAaiut..  m.  341.  I81I,  Aleutian  Island*.    (Typa  in 

miuoani  iif  Berlin;  re<I  speclraeuR  of  8eba4U>det  aleuHamu  included  a«  tho  anmiuor 

OoloratioD  of  "rariabiliii.") 
Stbtuttt  tiariabUiii,  Covisu  Sc  VA.LXlfcnt]nil8,  Hist  Nut  roiu.,  IT.  347:  GOKTBKK,  Cat., 

n,  9». 
StbattaiUt  eiliatu;  JoiirMN  iL  OOAIIIT,  Synopgla,  658,  1BS3;  COAMEB,  Proo.  Oal-  Ac  8ei. 

189S,  59-J. 


2186.  8EnA8T0l>KS  JTIfSTIMIS,  Jonlmi  &  Gilbert. 

(PECHK  I'HeTllE;  PUIEfcT  YVHt;  BLACK  KoTKVIBU.) 

HeadSi;  depth  2f;  pectorals 3^  in  head,  D,  XIII,  1.);  A.  111,0;  boaImCS, 
SOto^  pores,  llody  oval-obloug,  ci>uipresNed,  lioth  outlines  evenly  ctirvMl. 
Head  rather  blunt,  compressed ;  prolile  nbliiiue,  almost  straight,  becoming 
uonvex  with  ane.  Month  smaller  tbitn  in  any  of  tbe  preceding  siiecies, 
oblique,  lower  jaw  protruding;  ]ireniaxillaries  on  level  of  lower  rim  of 
orbit;  maxillaries  dilated  behind,  reaching  posterior  margin  of  pupU, 
thickly  scaled  behind,  their  length  'li,  iu  head.  Tlie  region  between  and 
in  front  of  eyes  bulging  rousiderably ;  proupercle  with  rather  strong 
spines,  the  2  at  tbe  angle  longest;  opcrcularsjiineB  rather  strong.  Spinous 
dorsal  very  low,  tbe  longest  spines  2J  in  he;id,  lower  than  soft  rays,  liu 
riitbcr  deeply  eniarginate;  Kccoml  ntial  Bjiine  stronger  than  third,  and  a 
little  Hboi'tcr,  3A  iu  head;  i>ei'tflral  frnN  lung,  about  us  long  as  head,  their 


middle  rays  longest,  nsvchiii;?  beyund  ventralo  to  jibont  tenth  dnrsiil  npine; 
cmidiil  t*tiiiirgiiiiLtc.  lloiics  <if  sktill  tliiik;  Npinps  all  nliseiit,  except  pre- 
uculiir,  wliieh  id  soiuotijiu's  present,  ridges  obsolotf  exce|it  llie  parietal, 
whiidi  aris  low  (iiul  wc:ik,  Hontewliut  I'urvcd,  the  parietiils  meeting  or 
slightly  Heparatedj  interoibital  spai-e  hroad,  evenly  I'ouvpx,  2J  in  base 
of  Hkiill;  iiiL'sctliiuoid  proc-enai's  small,  somewhat  compressed,  not  olevnteil; 
ventr.-il  jtrni-css  of  lKi«isphrDoid  riidinieutury ;  Imse  of  skidl  very  ntroiigly 
curved.  Slaty  black,  becoiuiuf;  paler  below  the  laterul  Hiio;  sides  more 
or  li'NB  mottled;  tips  of  lower  jaiv  bbick  ;  top  of  liend  with  3  indiBtiact 
croKs  baitt,  t'xteuding  on  tlii*  choeks;  a  dark  bar  on  anterior  f-dge  of  opor- 
cle;  fin.t  till  dtiflk}-;  perit'oneiiin  blaok.  Length  11  tncbi-s,  I'uget  Sound 
to  Suu  IHogo;  tL<!  most  ahuudunt  spt'oii'M  uf  the  fiiiuily  nboiit  Sun  Frna- 
cia«-o;  ri.>iiud  iu  nithei"  shallow  water.  (/(iVrf/?,  a  priest,  fronj  the  tlnrk 
color. ) 

SttHttlUtUya  mytlinui,  JOBDAH  it  GnjllBT,  Proe.  V.  S.  K«t.  Una.  IMO,  4SS,  and  1B«1,  66,  70 

San  FrancUco,    (Type,  >ro.2«l«S.    CoU,  Jora«ii  &  Gilbert.) 
Stbaatudta  my*Un<u,  Jokuah  A.  OiLBEBT,  SynopiU,  659, 1883. 

Subgenus  ACUTOMENTUM,  Eigeninuin  &  BeeaoD. 


B188.  SEBASTOIIES  RVTOMKLAS  (Jonlan  &,  filltXTt). 

Ilead31;  depth  3i;  pector.tl  3i  in  hear!.  I).XlII,15j  A.  111,8;  B<ale«65. 
Body  ublont^-elougiite,  back  little  arched.  Ciindal  iroduiri'lotflentier,  Pro- 
file Ibss  stei'])  than  in  ^.  ofulin,  snout  blunter.  Month  small,  short  maxillary 
exteudiug  Iu  belnw  middle  of  f-ye,  it«  length  2J  in  head;  lower  j;iw  pro- 
truding, its  tip  I'Dterinj,' tlie  prolile;  preorhitnl  very  narrow,  without  spine. 
Eye  large,  lesw  llian  interorbitnl  spaer,  4  in  head.  Craniul  ridges  mostly 
covered  by  the  sralea;  preop<!n-iilar  spines  siiiall,  directed  backward ;  oper- 
cular spines  small;  Jaws,  preorbitnl,  and  snuut  with  small  scales.  Qill 
rakers  numerous,  long  and  slrnder.  their  length  about  S  ilttiitieter  of  eye. 
Dorsal  spines  very  low  and  slender,  longest  about  1)  iu  bfud,  Un  moderately 
emarginato;  soft  dorsal  long  and  low,  not  murh  higher  than  spiue.t;  oau* 
dul  lunnte;  nual  low,  its  second  spine  strongrr  than  third,  but  not  au  high, 
3i  in  iieiul;  pectorals  moderate,  rearliing  beyond  ventrals,  not  to  vent. 
Bones  of  skull  rather  thick,  ricigfs  all  absent  except  the  parietals,  which 
are  low  and  weak;  preo<'ular,  siijiraocHtftr,  postocular,  tynip«ni<',  and 
parietal  spines  iiaHally  preneut,  weak;  parietal  boiie-n  scarcely  meeting; 
interorbital  space  bro.id,  H  iu  bast!  of  skull,  convex;  ventral  prnceBS  of 
baBisphciudd  wtiakly  developed  in  yonug  (riidtracutary  in  ndults) ;  mcseth- 
inoid  processes  somewhat  comiireaaed,  ni>t  idevute<l;  bsise  of  skull  very 
strongly  curved.  Dnil  olive  green;  sides  with  obscure,  round,  rilBty  sputa; 
Ixdly,  lips,  iind  lowi'r  parta  tinged  with  creamy,  obscure  light  and  dark 
shades  aeniss  cheeks;  2  or  3  nbscnro  dark  vertical  bars;  fins  all  dnsky, 
somewhat  reddish  tinged;  lower  half  of  pectonil  reddish;  peritouoiim  jet- 
black.  Length  I-  inches,  ("oast  of  California,  Point  t'oncepoion  to  Mon- 
terey Bay,  iu  deep  water;  rare,  {lyroi,  within;  /ieXai,  bluok.) 
3030 35 


178C  Bnlhtin  47,  United  States  National  Afuscum. 


Stbantiehthyi  mlomtla*.  .lORDAN  ilk  OiLBERT,  Prvc.  IT.  8.  Nat  Kua.  UM,  143,  Montcrcr. 

California.     (Typ«,  No.  27044.     Coll., t onlnn  \  (ill Iwrt.) 
Sebatlmla  mlomrlat,  JtiKDA^  Is  (■lUiKUT,   Syuopula,  05ft,  18(i3;  Cbambb,  Piw.  Cal-  Ac. 

8oi.,  Mrips  X  V,  laOS,  203,  pi.  68,  ttg.S. 

CIST.  KEBASTOnEH  RUFl'S,  Ei({enuiuo  it  Btgenmano. 

'^HcadS;  depth  3^.  D.  XIII,  14^;  A.  Ill,  H);  56  pores  iu  lateml  line. I 
Boily  ooriiprc'.siied,  o1oDf;ate;  prntilu  stniiKht,  less  steep  tkuu  in  Sthti»t4>drt^ 
orulh,  Hiumt  l»ro«<lor.  Eye  mnderate,  nrliit  slightly  louger  thnn  Himnt,  Sj 
to 'I  in  lioad.  Maxillary  lOkchini;  to  niiddk' or  little  lieyond  iuiildl«  of  eye; 
niandililu  witli  n  )»rouiiin*rit  symidiyseal  knob.  Iut«rurbital  slightly  con- 
vox,  iia  widt'  an  or1>i*  in  MinalJi'r  sjiorimcn,  wider  iu  the  larger;  pn>ocnIiir, 
Hiipi'.ioriilnr,  pUHtoi'ulur,  tyiiipanic,  nnd  parietal  t<piuiu<  prcKent;  tbo  part- 
rtdl  ridjres  higher,  narrower,  umrc  diverjjingf  and  niori-  contipifnuiia  than 
in  A',  um/in;  preofniar  vn  fully  dcwlojifd  an  in  S.  ornlit:  pri'orliital  very 
narrow,  iiliont -l  in  «rtiit,  with  'J  r*miiil  hactiwiird -directed  spines;  preoper- 
uular  Hpin&s  Ion;;  and  sltjiidcr,  all  of  tliirni  loiigfr  and  .xtron^er  tban  $.  oralit, 
tlio  lower  2  very  loiiiij.  tbe  Hviond  reiirbin;j!  lieyond  lia.se  of  thini,  not  nearly 
ri'acliiii^  U)uH3  of  thinl  iu  .S'.  oralis.  Head  entirely  covered  with  nioderate- 
siy.pil  Hi'ulefl,  those  of  body  larger.  Onttin<*8of  spinous  dorsal  little  arohod, 
highest  Hpine  B)it;litly  iiioru  tbau  ^  in  be.'i<J,  tbo  LiKbcstray  about  «4]ual 
to  bij;;hi>Ht  Hpiiiti  ;  caiKhd  eutargiiiato;  anal  spineH  graduated,  second  e^inal 
to  liiffbeilt  dorsal  spine.  Kufous,  varioualy  niarki'd  with  brown;  latfinil 
liunnifons:  iipjier  niijrle  of  npcrele,  a  line  from  cyo  downward  and  back- 
ward to  ujipor  half  of  |)cctoriit,  auothc'r  parallel  tu  it  from  upper  angle  of 
maxillary  liaikwanl,  ami  tipd  of  jawM  dark  brown:  these  markings  con- 
spiinious;  hc!id  otherwise  diIqun;  axil  black;  margin  of  spinous  dorsal 
and  greater  partof  uit'iiilmiueB  of  soft  dorsal  black  ;  bawe  of  dorsal  rnfous, 
Hpotted  with  iliirkor;  eatiilal  dusky;  membranes  of  the  reniainiug  tins 
cliietly  black,  the  niyn  riifons;  pi-ritoneiitu  Jet-black.  Length  about  22 
incites.  San  Diego;  I'ortez  Banks;  notseenbyus.  (Eigenniaun  &  Kigea- 
mann.)    (ruj'itt,  red.) 

StbattiMlf  TH/'iM,  KioENMANN  i:  EiOENMAMl,  I^TOc.  CsL  Ac.  Soi.  18IW,  13,  Poiot  L«ina; 
Concit  Banks.    (Coll.  C-  H.  EiKcmuanii.) 


itifi.  SEBAKTODKS  llAi'DO>(ALDI  (EigeDnmnn  &  Beeaon). 

Head  3  in  total  length;  depth  3}.  D.XIII,  13^;  A.lII.Ti.  Rlougate; 
bead  ptduted;  eye  small,  orbit  1^  in  Knout,  4}  in  head,  \l  in  interorbital ; 
lower  jaw  projecting;  maxillary  reacliing  to  below  piisterior  margin  of 
eye,  2  in  bead.  Interorbital  filightly  convex,  without  ridgeM;  cranial  ridges 
low,  obBCurc,  all  terminating  in  short  .spines;  prooctilar,  supraocular. 
po8tocuIar,  tyinpanic  and  parietal  spino»  pn'scnt;  preorhjtal  if  dinineter 
iif  orbit,  with  3  retrorso  K]iines  below,  the  ponteiior  atiiullcKt;  a  retrnrse 
N])ine  jii«t  below  orbit;  opercular  npiiies  simple  and  strong.  Mandible, 
uiJixilljirieH,  sniiorbitals,  ;ind  entire  Hunnt  scaled;  siali'it  of  heiid  kuiiiII, 
ctenoid,  those  i»f  budy  larger.  SpiiioiiM  dorsal  regularly  arched,  finirth 
and  fifth  -spines  highest,  H  iu  head,  Ligbest  ray  3^  iu  heiid;  annl  spines 
graduated,  the  second  considerably  struuger  but  shorter  than  third,  the 


latter  5}  in  bi-atl,  hiD>;est  ray  3  itj  bond;  pecUiraiN  re:icbiii^r  Hnniewhat 
bt'.voiitl  vclitnilB.  Top  of  h<>a«l  and  biiok  cbiully  lihick,  iiiti-Kil  tiiio  vur- 
mitiiiTi.  .»  lilcu'Uirtb  liaiid  jiiHt  liebiw  biteriil  line,  itiiiili  widi.-r  fnrward, 
extending  on  Htdi's  lndnw  tlii<  lirtb  <)orMil  H|>iiit';  a  likiir<.t  njierciiliir  upot,  a 
bciirid  huitd  duvvuward  ami  liiickward  frniii  ove,  a  tiurruw  nuo  ueruaa 
cheek  below  eye,  lij).s  utid  lip  of  li>\ver  J:»w  ebietly  bbick,  rest  of  heiid  iiiid 
sidi-H  diit'lly  voviiiilioii ;  anal  iiiiil  vpiitnilit  vurniiliuu,  pt^ntonils  and  (.-iiiKliti 
lilackish,  dnrxiil  iifju-iy  lil:u-k,  iixils  dnakv,  I'etittHUMiuj,  Idack.  I><(ngth 
24  iui'bea.  S:iii  ]ije).'ii;  nut  Heoti  by  uh.  (Eigeumauu  &  EigcuuiHim.) 
(Natued  fur  IInii.  SlursbaU  iMcDouald.) 

Sfb<uto<kii  proriger.  EloElotAIlN  &  BiaSNXANH  foul  of  JobdaM  It  OlUisaT).  Prm-.  Cal.  Ac. 

Set.  IHOU.  15,  San  Diego. 
AeulBiiitntuin  macilmialdi.  ElOKSWAXM  &.  USKION,  Auier.  NitliuaUal  1883,  M9,  San  Diego. 

(Cull.  EiKvmuitun.) 


aiHI).  SEBASTUUKK  UUtVlsri.VIS  (lh<AU). 

Head  2|;  d©i>tb  Itj.  D.  Xlll,  14;  A.  Ill,  7;  scales  Sii  «i-  HI,  51  tiilieti. 
Budy  i-loiiKale,  immpressed,  it*  greuteot  widtb  i  leiigtb  uf  Load;  uaiidul 
pediiticlo  Mbnrt,  Kh  least  de)>tli  '^  of  itM  luD<;tb  froui  cmuI  of  ftol't  dur^al  Us 
ba>t<e  of  uiidille  i-utidnl  niyH;  bead  Hitiiilai  in  ebapo  to  tbat  of  S.pniriucr, 
L'rauial  Tiilgf»  aliiioat  obaob'to,  except  on  the  occiput,  wliere  tb«  spiuea 
are  Iuuk  i>>>d  depressed,  neurly  as  long  tm  tbi.-  eye;  preticnlar  and  supra- 
ocular spint'8  pH^mnit;  no  tyiuparir  B]diR'8.  M<nitli  larjje,  tbij  broadly 
(•xpaiidfd  niuxillury  reiicbiuj'  buyoiid  tbe  iiiidiUi-  of  the  f<ye;  b-ngtb  of  tbe 
upper  jaw  ( interiiiaxilb)  un<l  (iiaxilln)  nlniuat  ^  lirugtb  of  head  ;  l(iwt;i'jan' 
rniicl)  projiH-ting,  its  h-njrth  oiiiuiling  tbat  uf  eye  and  poHtitrbital  )»«it  of 
head;  upper  lialf  of  tlio  iiiaxilbi  ciivoii'd  vvilli  vpiy  tine  sralcs;  the  tuan- 
dible  iiIho  hati  liiiu  .scales  atuug  its  iiiiddk<  iiud  posteriur  porthin.s;  maiidiblo 
with  :i  well-developed  knob  .it  tbe  syiiiphysig;  oya  J  :in  km;;  a«  smmt, 
ratlier  morci  than  ',.  length  of  lii'a<l.  and  aliuiit  e<tiial  tu  width  of  tbe 
nearly  llat  iuteiorbital  upat'e;  widtli  id"  preoibital  b-iw  than  *  leugtli  of 
eye;  preojierculur  spines  short  uiid  shuip,  sorond  longest,  aUtnit  J  iw  long 
118  thi-  evr,  the  tirst,  fonrtb,  and  fifth  vi-ry  Btnull;  the  points  of  tbe  fourth 
and  lifth  direeteil  obliijuely  downward  and  backward,  (jill  nikers  uind- 
erateiy  long  aud  Hlendcr,  11  -f-^8,  tlie  longest  at  the  uugle  i  as  long  tin  the 
■uout  or  I  aa  long  hh  the  eye.  Spinous  dorsal  low,  the  lir^t  apine  J  aH  long 
as  the  second,  and  rather  more  than  )  0.1  long  as  eye;  the  fotirtb  to  the 
sixth  spines  longe.st,  rather  umre  than  h  length  of  liead.  Membrane  nf 
soft  dor.sivl  aud  U>  suiue  extent  tlnit  of  the  Hpinous  dorHal  eruly;  liMigeat 
soft  ray  of  dorsal  rather  shorter  than  the  longest  spine;  tlio  latit  uoft  ray 
as  long  as  the  tirst  spine;  tirnt  aual  flpine  very  short,  r  as  long  an  ihu  Hec- 
ond,«r  i  UH  long  as  the  eye;  the  second  spiue  sliorter  and  stouter  than 
tbe  third,  equal  to  the  snoot  in  length;  the  tliird  spine  ueiuiy  H  times  its 
long  as  the  eyo;  longest  soft,  ray  exceeding  length  of  longest  dorsal  spine 
and  nearly  eijual  to  the  jiostitrbttal  purt  of  the  head;  pectorals  shaped 
very  luneh  iis  in  S.  yroriift  1;  the  lower  -1  or  5  rays  slightly  exserted  at  the 
ends,  tbe  middle  rays  longest,  slightly  longer  than  tbe  litiad  witiiontthe 
postorbital  part;  ventrala  out  extending  aa  far  back  as  tbe  pectorals, 


\ 


1788  Bulletin  4^j,  United  States  NatimiaJ  Museum. 


their  distanco  from  tbo  veut  eqani  to  \  tbeirotrn  length,  whicb  is  f  Irjigth 
of  liead.  reriloiU'UUi  silvery  white.  In  Rpirits  tb<.<  hack  is  pal»  rusty 
brown;  the  sideH  In-low  tlie  liitrrfti  Iiut>  jiiiler;  bt-lly  whiliitli;  trac^-s  of 
dark  r.olor  on  tlii^  meiiihritne  of  the  8]niiou8  tlorsii] ;  moft  dorsal,  pi-otorals, 
ventrnls,  and  niial  paie;  some  traces  of  brownish  on  the  caudikl  iiii'na- 
brniius,  lu  >'<!. pioru/ir  the  secund  aniil  Bpinir  itt  distinctly  hniKer  thuii  the 
tliird;  ihi*  perltouuiini  is  black;  ji  tynijianic  spine  is  present;  the  gill 
Tukeru  Ml  in  niiDibt^r  and  uiuu y  uC  them  club-Hfanp('<l  at  the  end,  the  loa(^,st 
riithcr  nior<'  thjin  i  tho  length  of  thti  eye;  the  fourth  and  filth  preojiercH- 
liir  H[iiiii»H  urr  dir»'Cled  bori/cmtaHy  backw  urd,  and  the  scnlcs  iirt'  iu  75 
r«wn.  Tliesu  couipariHouH  tire  ilrawii  fruiii  th*'  type  of  S.  prorii/rr.  Lenjrth 
Hi  inches.  C'oiist  of  soiithciistfrn  Al.-inka  (Ik-nn) ;  not  set^u  by  us ;  knowa 
only  from  tli6  type  taken  iu  Hasfiler  Harbor,    iturvia,  sliort;  rpinna,  spine.) 

Hebatliehtliyf  pTon'itrr  vjir.  brrrUpinit,  IlEAK.  Proc.  V.  S.  Xnt.  Mna.  1883, 359,  Hasaler  Har- 
bor, southeastern  Alaska.     <Typc,  No.  ;i3u<H.    Cnll.  Copt.  Ueury  E.  NIohnla.) 
SelMnlude*  proriger,  J onvxM  A.  GluiEUT,  Syuopsia,'  VSu.l8t(,'l^  Alaskiiii  ri*^!!!!!^!!^. 
8fb<ftielilli!/ii  I'ltritjiini;  JuHOAX.Cat.  Fiabea  K.Aiucr.,  107,  188S;  Beam,  True. U. S. Ifat. 

Mua.  1884.027. 

2100.  SGBASTODES  OVALIS  (Ayrea). 
(TtUVA!    WlDOW-FlSH.) 

Hefid3;  deptb2f    D.XIII,  U;  A.  111,8;  pectoral 3.^;  heightof  dorsnlS; 

lateral  line  about  70.  Mody  deep,  almoRt  ovalj  back  considerably  cl<?vatitd, 
]irolile^sloop,  lower  jaw  coneiduralily  ]irutrudiiig;  riiouth  not  lar^e,  max- 
illary reachiui;  to  post-erior  <'d^o  of  pupil,  its  len(j;tli  abnnt  2i  in  bead; 
preopercol.'ir  siiincM  lonji  .md  Hleiider,  all  projecting  bai-kward;  opercular 
BpineK  HtronK ;  preorbital  nurru w.  with  2  blunti.sh  spines.  Gill  rakers  very 
lony  and  slender,  longnal  J  diniiii'ter  of  eye.  Kye  large,  slightly  lougpr 
thfin  snout.  Doraal  iin  very  low,  notcli  between  fi)iinouii  and  soft  paria 
very  Hhallow,  height  of  2  purls  ubimt  uijual  (2^  in  head),  the  luembraue 
joining  lat^t  irjpine  at  about  2  it8  heiglit;  aecond  unnl  spine  longer  and 
atrcingiT  than  tliird,  ahnotit  utt  high  im  noft  rays,  2jt  iu  head;  pectorals 
long,  ri-achiiig  Iveyuud  ti]ia  uf  ventrals;  i-uiidal  cniarginaU*;  tuaxillary 
and  niandibjy  scaly  ;  bones  of  skull  rather  tliick,  preoctilar  apiufs  atrong, 
supraocular,  iiontocuJar,  lynipauic,  and  parii'tal  Mpiues  prt'jwnt,  small,  nud 
wi-ak,  ridges  ne.-irly  ob.-iotito,  except  parietal,  which  is  low  and  weak; 
parietal  bone*  iiifetin^;  interorbital  njiaru  3j^  iu  briso  of  skull,  slightly 
convex;  ventral  proce.HS  of  lui^tsplienoid  rather  weak  lu  yoiiiif;  (rudimen- 
tary in  iidiills);  ineKtitliniuid  processea  eoujpresavd,  rather  weak,  not  ele- 
vated;  bnHe'>f  skull  very  niu<>h  curved.  Olivacoous,  strongly  tinged  with 
creamy  red,  e»pcei;illy  boluw;  m(;nibraue  of  both  d<i|-gals  covered  with 
many  small,  round,  black  sputi;  aiuiilar  sgiots  UHiially  mi  body  ;  npper  tins 
^eeuisb,  lower  yellowish,  mostly  dark-i'dged;  caudal  liu  dark;  young 
more  greec,  with  3  or  3  large  black  blotches  on  upper  port  of  sides,  and 


♦  Thp  slalotnrut  iu  .larrinn  &  l!illHTt'«  Synop»ifi,  p.  aW,  (hat  Stltuloden  jiruriijer  haa  beoi 
oonr<mD(l<Hl  by  Tiloiux  nn<l  l'a\iiLn  vrith /itiiaiilorirt  eiliotm  in  cmmeoni).  Tlin  *|K*cunona 
called  bv  (kcm  ciliafiu  anil  v a riaiiilii  iui:luiii  cilialus aud  aleuti<inu4.  The  true  jfroriMr  la 
not  yet  known  firom  Alaska. 


dl 


Jordan  and  Evemiann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     1789 


withmit  cliirk  spots  on  liiis;  pcritonenin  lilaok.     LeuK-tli  11  iurhes.     Coast 
of  Ciilirortiii),  .Suu  Diego  to  San  FruiiciHuo,  rare;   in  rather  di-op  wnter. 
{ovaiit,  oval.) 
8^b<ulodn  avaiut,  ATBEH,  Proc.  Ual.  Ao,  Sol.  1802, 300  to  212,  Bg.  69,  Sao  Pranclaco ;  JoBUAN 

St.  UlUiBRT,  Synopsii,  S60, 1883 :  CuAKCB,  Froc,  CU.  Ae,  Sol.,  anries  3,  v,  18«$,  SM.  pL  58, 

flg.B. 
Sebattiehlhijt  oralit,  .foKOAK  <t  lilLUBirr.  Pmo.  U.  B.  Nat.  UtU.  1880,143;   ElQBmiANN  &. 

ElOEiniAXN.  West  Ameficui  SiMi-ntist  1889. 128. 


9191.  SEBASTODEK  ElflENXAlTTn,  Cramer. 

ni«ft<l  2,',. ;  ik^ptha;.  n.  VIII,  H  ;  A.I  ri, « ;  p.  18|  ;  pores  in  Literal  lin*'  4 1(+ 
2  on  biuin  of  t'iiiKlnl) ;  trnnHvt-r.><u  rows  of  scales  41.  Hody  conifin'ssett,  itn 
width  (l)ebinil  npiircletj)  about  2|  in  ita  depth;  greutest  vvitUb  4)1'  heiirl  2i  in 
it^lnugtli;  prolilt'  ttlecp ;  interarltitAt  opiicc  Hat,  51  in  head;  Biiprnofiilar 
and  parit'tivl  ridjjes  tjiiito  well  develojied,  thi'  forratrr  liat,  tlio  lattur  diverg- 
ing liaikward;  preocnhir,  Huprftdcnlar,  po«tocii]arr  tympanic  ami  parietnl 
spines  |ircHent,  not  very  lar^e,  butubarp  ;  ii  curved  shallow  groove  at  each 
8id«  of  interoibital  space  inside  of  the  siipruoeular  ridjies.  (.►rbtt  lar;;f\ 
nearly  circ'il.ir.  'il  in  hi'sid,  its  np]>rr  rim  i.ui  a  luvtd  with  thi?  prolile, 
Saoat  BboTtj  about  eijniil  to  intororhitsil  width;  preorbital  nioderttc,  with 
2  Binall,  sharp  Bpines  directed  downward  and  backwiird;  inaxillary  2? 
in  head,  r<>iiching  a  tittle  beyond  vertical  i'rnni  pwterior  ed^je  of  i)npl!; 
maiidibb'  projecting  somcwliat,  VFitb  a  mudcrate  symphysf^al  kn<ib.  Tli© 
n|iperni<mt  preopercitlar  »>piue  small,  directed  a  little  npward,  the  Bei'ond 
longeBt,  buriz.mitiil,  the  fourth  and  fifth  amatl,  but  evident;  upper  opcr- 
cnlnr  spinn  .'»li  ndor  and  sharp,  the  lower  sliortf  r.  liill  rakers  bnig  anrl 
slender,  about  'JH  in  the  orbit,  i'.T  on  hori/ontal  liinb  of  tirat  arth.  Scales 
rough,  ctenoid,  those  on  ojiorcles,  cheeks,  and  interorbital  apace  and  Huout 
souiewhiit  rougli ;  thoge  on  maxillary,  mandible,  and  breast  montly  eycloid  ; 
very  few  accessory  scales.  Spines  of  dorsal  nioderati',  th<>  fonrtli  longest, 
2i  in  heud,  the  lU'th,  utxth,  and  soviinth  nearly  cqtinl,  the  twelfth  2i  hi  the 
fonrth,  the  nu-nibrau©  deeply  incised;  longest  dorsal  ray  about  ei|nal  Ut 
longest  Npim-;  anal  spines  graduated,  the  second  iieiirly  as  lo:rg  iis  and  bnt 
little  (ttrongcr  than  third,  2^  In  hHail,  Ij^  in  the  soft  niy.^;  candjil  Irunoal*, 
or  a  little  rounded;  huso  of  pectornls  i  in  head,  the  SI  lower  rriys  stuiple, 
the  middle  rays  longp.st,  icaehiTig  a  little  beyond  vent,  'A),  in  Icngtli  of 
body;  ventTJils  rHaeliing  vent,  t'olor  in  aleoliol,  reiMlsh  brown;  jj.'ile 
below;  dorsal  atid  peetitrals  dusky ;  nieniltrnnes  of  spiuoius  dorwal  black- 
edged,  and  Lips  of  ventrals  blnckish;  peritoii«nni  white,  with  a  IV'W  black 
specks.  This  spceies  is  neiirest  to  StbaatutltH  oriilin,  but  the  mouth  is 
larger  and  the  fitlof  ditFerent.  One  specitncn.  7  inche-s  long,  taken  at 
Monterey,  Califoruia.  (Named  for  Dr.  Carl  11.  Kigennnmn,  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Indiana,  in  recognition  of  hia  work  on  the  genus  Srbailodet.) 

Srtitulodfi  fijenmanni.  Ckaiieii,  In  .Turdaji,  Proc.  CnL  Ac.  Sri.  ISM,  3:)tl,  pi.  42,  Monterey 
California.    (Coll.  Dr.  \V.  W .  Tholmm.    Tyiw,  No.  401B.  L.  .S.  .Tr.  Cnlv.  Mu»  \ 

Sins.  8F:B.i.STAnKS  IIOPKIXSt,  Cmmer. 

TTcad  3;  depth  .1*.  D.  XIII,  11;  A.  III.  7.  Transverse  rows  nf  scales 
(halfway  between  lateral  line  and  back)  about  i>'2;  pores  aliont  51.  Hody 
compressed,  not  very  deep ;  protile  steep ;  depth  of  caudal  peduncle  a  little 


1790         Bulletin  47,  United  States  Nathmal  Museum. 


]eMH  than  orbit.  Head  compreaseil;  eye  lar^e,  nrbit  3(  in  boud;  int«r- 
orbital  apace  ovenlj'  convex,  l-J  in  bead;  cranini  ridges  ni-arly  obsolete ; 
piirietul  riilf^es  very  low  but  broad,  brown;  uasal  apiues  Bniiill,  (tii  apart; 
prcoi-nlar  rather  atroog,  trian^lur;  6iiprai>cu]ur  and  poatiicnlar  iisn.-illy 
preBent,  wry  mitiute;  tyinpiinic  and  parietal  8pine«  soniotiiuea  present. 
Mouth  ni(id(.<rnte,  oblique;  maxillaiy  very  little  inoro  than  3  iu  bead, 
nearly  roachlDf;  vertical  from  center  of  pnpil,  its  post<'rior  end  very  M-ide. 
2  in  orbit;  lower  juw  much  projecting,  with  a  prominent,  forwardly 
directed,  sympbyseiil  knob,  wbieh  fut<'rs  the  pruiile;  narrow  bands  of 
teeth  on  jawo,  vomer,  and  pulntine»;  preurbilitl  ratlier  narrow,  its  lower 
ni:ir{{in  ]ob;iti<.  with  itntiiutitiies  a  sniiill  Hpiue;  preopercniar  Bpines  tlat, 
sbar]),  nearly  et|iiidiNtaiit,  all  directed  backward,  the  necond  longest, 
fijtii  th  ami  liltli  minute;  n]>ercnl&raplne8  Hat,  8bnr]i,  somewhat  diverging, 
tlic>  upper  I'onsuliTably  l.orjier;  B])iue8  on  !*b<nilcler  weak;  gill  riikens  29 
on  anterior  limb,  ton^,  Klfntler,  very  little  more  than  '1  in  orbit,  [torsal 
Bpiut-B  slender,  low,  the  t'ourtli  liiugest,  27  in  bead,  (be  twelfth  i^  u»  long 
08  longest;  soft  rays  eifual  longest  »i)iinc.s;  only  a  alight  nntch  between 
the  2  ilorsnls:  cniidal  hiniito,  1^  iu  bead;  second  anal  spine  stronger  and 
considerably  longer  than  thiril,  longer  than  aitft  rays,  lunger  than  longest 
dorsal  apine.  very  little  more  than  '2  in  head;  itectorala  reaching  beyond 
veutrals,  but  not  to  vent,  >\  little  less  thiin  Lead,  .1J  in  length  of  body, 
their  biise  ijjirrow,  ei|Uiil  to  orbit,  the  biwer  rays  nnt  thickened.  Scales 
rather  suiaU,  everywhere  «troni.'ly  ctenoid;  accewjory  Kcales  not  very 
nnmerouH;  )ireiirbita1,  snout,  masilbiries,  mandible,  nnd  brancbiustegal 
rays  scaled:  all  the  (Ju  rays  more  or  less  ccaly.  Uones  of  skull  thin, 
cranial  ridj^es  nearly  obsolete,  parietal  bones  meeting;  interorbltal  sp.-u-e 
somewhat  cnnvex,  3Jt  in  base  <>f  skull;  a  tiliglit  dejirossion  on  each  side  of 
a  sluirp  narrow  median  rid^e,  and  nnotlicr  just  within  each  snpraocdlar 
rid>;e;  veolnil  process  of  biisiflphciiuld  rudiim-iitary ;  mesetLmoid  pro- 
cesses corn  [tressed,  not  eleviited;  base  oT  skull  very  strongly  curved. 
Color  mticli  iiH  ill  SrlingtoiliH  niiilis;  diirk  olivaceous,  tinged  with  re«ldish, 
espi'iiully  below;  a  large  iiTPgulrir  dark  blotch  under  soft  dorsal,  crossing 
laloriil  tine;  ii  Htiiallor  one  uu  lateral  line  below  posterior  part  of  spinoas 
dorxai;  tup  of  head  iind  anterior  p'.irtof  hack  In  :ibout  ninth  dorsal  apine 
nearly  uniformly  dark  to  below  laleriil  line;  '2  iiideilnito  dark  baude  from 
behind  orbit  across  preopercle  ;unl  operebv;  lips  bl.ick;  dorsal  tin  oliva- 
ceous; spinous  dor!'al  dark-oilKed  ;  soft  rb>rs:il  darker  at  baw;  caudal  and 
peetoralu  olivaceous;  axils  dark;  voutrals  yellowish;  anal  p;de;  no  small 
round  black  spots  anywhere;  poritoucuni  black.  Lenj^th  of  ty]ie  speei- 
men  7J  inches.  Monterey  Hay,  California;  not  rare;  formerly  coufioinded 
with  the  young  of  A',  ornb's;  more  common  than  the  latter,  ^Named  for 
Mr.  Timothy  !Io)ikins,  founder  of  the  Hopkins  .Seaside  Laboratory.) 

HthathnUt  hojtHnti.  CaAMlcn.  Pror.  Cnl.  A.P.  Sci.  IKU.'i.  604,  Monterer  Bay,  California 
(Tyiie,  Nil.  •,.•286,  L.8.Jr,  Univ.Mud.  Cc.Il..r..r<Iuu  &  Glllwrt);  JOBOAM,  FrocCal.  Ac. 
Bci.  IBM.  237,  pi.  II. 


iilSS.  .SfnAKTOOF.8  ALCTCH  (Gilbert). 

Head  2J  to  2J ;  depth  a  to  34;  eye  3k  in  beful.     D.  XIII.  15;  A.  ITT,  8;  P. 
17;  scales  60.    Mouth  large,  maxillary  reachiug  back  of  pupil,  2^  to  2^  in 


Jordan  and  Evennann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1791 


bead;  prein;«xill!»rii'N  iiotche^l,  the  sj-inphyseal  patch  of  teeth,  h<>we%'er, 
«hiittiii<;  iitiLai(!n  tlintii.  Teeth  uu  jaws,  vomer,  aiul  palatines  in  very  uar- 
row  li:iinl»  ex<t']>t  iit  «jui])h,v8is  uiul  on  vomer;  a  consj^ii'iious  rlfpression 
on  eai'h  sidi'  n(  synipbyHts  l-o  iereiv«  the  anterior  preiiiiixillury  piitcll. 
Eye  very  lar^e,  tb*'  diatueter  «xoe<'ctiiig  Hiintit.  Intororbitul  npaci'  very 
wide,  flat  or  Hlij[;htly  convex,  con«])i(U«u«Iy  gronvt-d,  it«  wiiltli  1|  eye. 
Soft  liuB  wholly  envi'loped  iu  fiiiL"  mcuIoi*.  Cniuiiil  ridgt-s  all  low,  the  splnox 
Blender;  ruronul  iiud  nuchal  NpiiieH  alone  abticul.  Maiidibk  projurtiug 
nincb  1>ey<>nd  Ihi-  tipjter  proliliMif  hend,  tbcHyinpltyseal  knob  vei-y  strmi^ly 
developed  in  the  iidiilt,  not  imticeably  so  in  young.  Oil)  rnkun)  hmg 
and  nuiiii-rcius,  \  as  long  :ia  eye.  Second  and  third  anal  spines  about 
eqnal.  Cranial  ridges  all  very  low,  iaconnpicuunH  :itid  with  a  small 
spine  or  none ;  iiauiil  and  prrortilar  evident;  siipraofulur,  pnMtocnlnr,  and 
tympanic  prenent  but  hidden  by  sobIbh.  mure  con8p)Ciio»H  in  the  very 
young;  jiarietal  ridges  (.■videut,  ending  in  low  fipines;  preorbitiil  niirrow, 
its  least  width  \  eye,  its  aiiti'rior  edge  with  2  long  uiticnnH  ulita,  and  in 
BOOie  cattes  a  Hingle  buakwurdly  ilireited  Hpiue;  operrular  and  humoral 
Bpines  well  developed;  preopomilar  Hpiiiea  tiat,  not  very  large,  the  upper 
2  approximated,  the  tower  2  b-ojidly  triangnlar,  tipped  with  abort  spines, 
directed  downward  iitid  backward;  doiaal  spiui-a  curved,  the  longe«t2* 
to  2!(  in  head,  tbu  tweUth  uboiit  jr  the  longest;  soft  dorftal  about  us  hi>;h 
Bd  the  loiige.it  Kiiines;  ana!  spines  strong,  the  aecond  slightly  slinrter  than 
the  third,  whiib  eipials  or  slightly  eseeeds  diameter  of  eye.  In  tlin 
youug  the  second  aual  apiue  cuu8tant]y  equals  or  (vx.(:eedH  the  third,  but 
grows  relatively  shorter  with  ag<-;  Hoft  nuai  rays  higher  than  sol'C  dorsal, 
2)i  in  head;  eaudnl  well  notcbeil,  vontrals  long,  reaching  vent;  peetorals 
longer,  reaching  nearly  to  frniit  of  itnnl.  tiill  rakers  hnig,  elavate,  \ 
di.'iinoter  of  iirbit,  2."i  on  :interior  limb  of  areh.  Scales  rough,  ctenoid, 
with  many  acce.iHory  minute  ones,  which  are  especially  alniuilunt  on  bead 
and  nape;  head  wholly  scaled,  iuclnding  the  interapercle,  maxillary  and 
niaudiblc.  and  thootitcr  branehiostcgal  rayo;  anterior  tturfneo  of  pectorals 
and  iiuier  eaiidiil  rays  i-Iosely  invested  with  ininut*'  ctenoid  seab-s  wbieb 
extend  well  towaril  tip.-<,  also  of  soft  dorsal  and  anal  fius.  ( 'olnr  bright 
carmine  rod,  lighter  on  belly;  dorsal  dusky,  edged  with  black;  an  elongate 
olive  brown  blotch  ;ilong  base  of  soft  dorsal;  a  shorter  one  nndiM'  the  la.<<t 
■pines,  and  a  faint  one  under  the  middle  of  sinnous  dorsal,  the  latter 
extending  farther  down  on  sides;  a  dark  blotch  ou  back  of  caudal  pediui- 
ole ;  belly  silvery,  ivashed  with  red;  a  dark  blotch  on  operele,  1  on 
axil,  erog!i  l>ar  i>ii  oeci)>nt,  1  on  snout  and  2  dusky  bars  im  cheek; 
lower  lip  and  tip  of  nifindible  hlafkiah;  month  aud  gill  cavity  dusky; 
Gds  all  red,  tlie  spinous  dorssal  broa<Ily  margined  with  blackish;  perito- 
netuii  Jet-black  in  the  young,  varying  from  black  to  gray  in  .idnlts;  length 
12  to  IH  inches,  Tacifie  coast  from  Bering  .Sea  to  Santa  Uarbara;  coin- 
nion  northward  iu  dei-p  water.  This  species  was  described  from  a  single 
immature  example,  dredged  by  the  Afhat lois  Mmth  of  .Santa  Cruz  Island, 
southern  California.  No  additional  material  was  obtained  during  the 
extensivi^  drerlging  operations  of  the  AII><tlroi»  on  tlu'  California  coast. 
The  species  is,  ht>wev<-r.  very  alnindunt  in  the  north  Tacilie,  both  north 
aad  south  of  the  AJeutlun  lalautls,     It  was  taken  at  varioiu  dredging 


■tatioii.s,  north  of  Uoalaakn  Island,  in  the  Ttcinity  ot  Dniniak  Piuw.  in 

BriHtoI  Hay,  luiil  gotilh  of  tho  Aljiskan  PcniiisTil.i,  in  depths  of  SS  to  128 
ratbuiua.  A  siiixlt)  iuiliviihiul  was  iiIbo  taki'u  with  hook  ari<l  liue  in  l.'n»- 
liifika  lliii  liur.  At  ooi-  ipI"  tlio  nliovt-  Htutioun  4S  »p«<cLiiicus  wtTc  taken  with 
the  bi'aiii  truwl.  Thiii  uihliliotial  luatiTJiiI  shows  that  •$.  at»tu*  in  one  of 
thti  liriglit-ied  rnoktish,  most  closrly  allio'J,  jwrhaps,  to  .V.  miwia/ii*.  'Frma 
tLi>  latftT  it  ilitl'erH  foiispicuniiHlj-  in  the  groatly  prod accd  niandjbolar 
syiuphysii),  with  th><  \'(<r,\  iiioimiinred  eyuiphyseal  knob,  lui  well  am  iu  i>thi<r 
i'e6|(f('t«.  It  in  nWied  uIho  tu  •>',  jiroiii/ir,  but  dilftTH  utunu^  otLer  points  io 
having  both  poNtucular  and  tympanic  spintts  dweloped.  Its  relAtioos  Iu 
S.  Arcrin/iiwin,  Hi-aii,  iirr  also  clost'.  (tiiliaTt.)  (dXovro^,  unwaahesii,  from 
thu  Mpecklcd  coloration. ,1 

SeltotHclithi/t  dluClK,  (iluiEltT.  I'roo.  V.  S.  Nkt.  Mus.  ISttV,  78,  Santa  Bart»ra    t-l-»«^t 
(Type,  No.  48244.    CoU.  SUmtTOiu .) 

S194.  8EBA8T0I>Ki<  PBOBIOSR  (Jonlan  k  GUbertl. 

Head  3;  depth  3jt,  D.  XIII,  13;  A.  III.  7;  P.  3i  io  length;  scales  75. 
Body  uluDgat)-,  siiDR'wbstt  cuiuprcBHvd,  a  liltli-  less  slender  than  in  Sthaa- 
todvt  tloii'iiiiuit,  whicli  tijia  Mjifc-iee  iiiiiili  renemtiles  in  coU>r  an<l  foriii. 
Hciul  nitlier  hiiiuII  ;  itiontli  xiiiall,  niitch  a.H  in  N.  oraiit,  the  short,  broad 
maxillary  i'vt«ndijig  to  buyoml  tluN  idiilillo  oltheiiye,  the  premaxillary  on 
the  lev4>l  of  lower  uiiirgiii  of  pii])il ;  uiaxillury  2^  in  hoad;  lower  jaw 
strongly  projei'tiiig,  with  a  conHpicotniu  syuipbyseai  knob.  Eye  very 
lai'gu,  b>u;;i't'  thuti  snout;  prcorliltal  narrow.  Cranial  ridges  verj-  low  and 
weak;  invociihir,  Kiii>raor:ii]ar,  lynipiiiiio,  and  m-<'ipital  prtwi-nt;  uiosr  ot" 
the  rittgi'H  ])attly  covtTcd  Ity  scales ;  tympanic  npine  niinnto;  ocri]dt«l 
ridgo  not  innKjiiciioiii*,  the  spine  dopres^^cd;  proopercnlar  spines  sharp, 
the  Boeniid  longest,  the  points  of  all  directed  backwanl;  opurcnlar  spiuea 
moderat*'.  Iuterorliit:il  sjiaeo  broad,  nearly  im  broad  as  tbo  >>yo,  somewhat 
regolarly  convex,  tb(^  iniibllo  being  elevated.  (Jill  nikera  very  Inng,  slen- 
der and  Diinieroiis,  the  longest  longer  than  supraocular  ridgu,  and  about 
■i  the  diaiueter  of  eye.  Siales  rather  small.  Dorsal  fin  very  low,  as  in  & 
oralix,  not  deeply  ocnarginate,  the  highest,  spiiio  littb'  uiore  than  i  length 
oi'head;  «of<  dorsa]  low,  |  as  high  as  long,  the  highest  ray  about  c<inal  to 
tho  longiisl  spine;  caudal  thi  nntdorately  forkoil;  anal  fin  low,  its  length 
nearly  piina!  to  the  height  of  its  longest  ray;  Kccond  spine  nin  eh  longer 
and  stronger  than  third,  acarecly  shorter  than  longest  ray,  2-^  in  head; 
pectorals  rather  long  and  narrow,  the  tiji.'i  reacJiiiig  beyond  tips  of  ven- 
tnils  to  vent.  Dright  light  red,  mottled  above  with  dnsky  olive  green, 
the  ground  color  forming  rliatinct  blotches  nnibr  third  dorsal  spine  and 
Hiidei'  flrst  and  last  rays  of  soft  dorsal ;  lateral  line  i  unniug  in  the  middle 
of  a  very  diatinet  contiuitotia  red  stripe,  prucisely  as  in  S.  tloni/attu;  licad 
above  with  pnrplisli  cross  shades;  opercle  with  a  dutiky  blotch;  2  olivii 
shades  radiating  from  the  eye;  lips  and  tip  of  lower  jaw  blackish;  iiis 
rod;  candal  lin  bright  rotl,  sjieckloil  witli  dark  olive;  spinous  dorsal  bright 
red,  the  [loatcrior  part  of  each  luennhTuno  blackish;  soft  dorsal  olive  and 
red;  lower  fins  bright  light  rod,  with  sliades  of  olive  yellow;  pvritouetim 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     1793 


black.     Li>u;;th  10  iiicbos.     Coast  of  Califoruiu,  from  San  Diei;o  to  Sau 
FranciBco,  in  di-op  water;  not  rari>.     {prora,  prow;  grro,  1  bear.) 

Mmttifhthyt  prerigrr,  Ji»<[>AN  .k  GiuiSRT,  Prac.  V.  8.  NaU  Miu.  1884,  327,    Monterey. 
(ryi«!,  No.  271(»5.     Coll.  Jordan  A:  liilberl. ) 
tHidti  yrorigtr,  Jobdax  &  Giuuutr,  Sjnopaia,  Ml.  1883. 


Subgenus  ROSICOLA,  Jordan  A  EyenniiBii. 
*l*6.  8EnASTOD»i  PIXXIUEB  (tilll). 


(TuovA;  IJBANOK  Bociorunt.) 

Head  2|;  depth  Si;  pactoral  Si.  1>.  XHI,  14;  A.  Ill,  7;  srales  48.  Body 
ratber  robtiRt,  itlovatml,  nixl  ('(itupri'^Med;  tumitli  lar^o,  oUliqne,  maxillary 
reai'biti^  to  below  poatorior  nmrgiii  uf  large  eyi>,  its  lenj^th  i  bead;  inau- 
dible somowbut  projecting,  wilb  iL  knoll  at  tip;  the  middle  tevtb  on  a  niiscd 
ba.se  which  tits  into  the  cinarginution  ot'  U])p('r  jaw;  interdrbital  Hpsico 
as  wide  a«  ejc,  which  iv  I  iu  liead;  sparo  between  ])arictal  rid^ts  concave; 
both  jaw8,  preorbital,  masillary,  inandible,  and  snout  araly,  scali-s  on 
lower  Jaw  smooth;  prcorliital  ratber  narrow,  with  2  spines:  prt-opcrru- 
lar  spines  long  and  sharp.  Dursal  tin  deeply  emargiaate,  i(«  spines  rather 
high,  nearly  tat  high  an  soft  rajs,  lougest  2-^  in  head;  caudal  tin  Iiinato; 
pectoral  tin  long,  reaching  to  tipn  of  long  ventrals,  piist  vent;  base  of 
pectoral  nnrrow,  alioat  as  broad  ns  eye;  t.et'oud  anal  spine  Ntrong.  nciirly 
as  long  as  third,  ',i  in  head.  Gill  rakers  very  long  and  slender,  nearly  | 
diameter  of  eye;  accrji«i>ry  scales  nnnieroiis,  esppeiiilly  on  bead.  Hones 
of  skull  thiek;  parietal  ridges  <iuite  strong,  ending  in  a  spine;  preocular, 
atipr.iocular,  jKwtocular,  and  tympanic  (lijjitn-s  prenont,  thin,  sharp,  and 
slender,  their  ridges  weak;  pariitiil  bones  well  sopiirtited.  interorbital 
space  convex  i  concave  on  each  side  of  center).  broa<l,  3i  in  l>ase  o(  skull 
in  iidiilt;  mesethinoid  (iroceHses  nut  eleviitod,  ventral  proeesK  of  basi.t- 
]ibenoid  rudimentary;  base  of  skull  markedly  curved.  (Sround  color 
light  olive  gray,  profti.sely  Idotched  with  bright  clear  orange  red  or  witli 
light  orange  yellow,  the  red  shades  prediuninating  :ibove,  the  p:ile  l>elow; 
liclly  nearly  white;  top  of  bead  with  eross  blotches  and  niurbliiiga  of 
orange,  alternuling  with  pale;  sides  of  the  he.iid  llesh  colored,  with  3 
bright  orange  bands  radiating  from  eye:  maxillary  with  orange  toncbea; 
lips  ])ale,  tinged  with  blackish;  inside  of  month  pale;  dorsjtl  tin  with 
membrane  bright  orange,  a  large  Mack  blotch  occupying  membranes  be- 
tween seventh  nn<l  tenth  dorsal  spines;  this  t<pot  is  usually  tliHtinet,  but 
in  old  exanipIeH  sometimes  obsolete;  ]>eetorals  light  red,  mottled  with 
yellowish;  other  lins  all  bfight  orange,  without  dusky  tips,  slightly  mot' 
tied  with  tialer  at  base;  lateral  line  running  in  a  distinct  continuous  light- 
gray  streak,  whieh  is  not  crossed  by  the  r<'d  markings;  old  si^ecimens  some- 
times with  large  inky  blotches  ou  difl'erent  parts  of  the  body;  peritouenin 
pale.  Length  2.'i  iuehes.  IVille  coaAt  of  the  United  Statoa,  from  San 
IMego  to  Paget  8ouud;  one  of  the  most  abundant  species;  constantly 
fonnd  in  the  nuuketa.    {pin»iyer,  largo  Himed.) 


179-4  Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


SeboMtodtt  ro$arrtu,  AVRBM.  Proc  CaL  Ac.  Sci.,  ii,  1862,  216,  tig.  62;  not  Sebattet  rotmctut, 

GlBABD. 

SeiMUlotomut  pinniger,  GiLL.  Proc,  An.  Xat.  Sci.  Phila.  1664, 147,  San  Fninciaco. 

Stbattichthyt  jnnnigrr,  Jordan  li-  Gilsbbt,  Proc.  l^.  s.  Nat.  Mua.  1R80, 72. 

Stbailodet  pinniger,  .loRDAN  &  GlLiiEKT,  Syuopsis,  662,  1883;  EinRNMANN  &  ElOBmiAlfK, 

Prm-..  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  I88U,  16;  Crameb,  Pruc.  Cai.  Ac.  Sc).,  series  2,  T,  18S5.  SM,  pL  a«, 

fig.  7. 

SIM.  8EBASTODE8  MINIATl'S  (Jordan  &.  Gilbert). 

(Kabtikra;  Rasher.) 

Head  2};  depth  3;  pectorals  3}.  T>.xni,14;  A.III,7;  araleslT.  Body 
obloiig,  tbo  form  mucb  as  hi  Srhatloden  pinniycr;  bead  moderate,  somewhat 
I>ointed;  moutb  rather  large,  the  maxillary  reaching  pant  pupil,  its  length 
2  in  head;  preinaxillary  on  level  of  lower  edge  of  pupil;  lower  jaw  pro- 
jecting somewhat  lieyoud  upper,  with  a  moderate  synqibyseal  knob; 
middle  of  lower  jaw  elevated,  fitting  into  an  euiargination  of  the  upper. 
Head  more  completely  scaly  than  in  related  species,  the  scales  rougher, 
the  scales  on  the  preorbital  and  bead  generally  being  fully  ctenoid ;  man- 
dible scaled  even  to  the  sympbyseiil  knob,  its  scales  always  roughly 
ctenoid;  interopercle fully  scaled;  most  of  the  briinchiosteguls  with  series 
of  scales ;  maxillary,  preorbital,  and  tip  of  snont  fully  scaled ;  preorbital 
with  a  narrow  neck ;  interorbital  space  vory  broad,  with  a  slight  deproa- 
sion  on  each  side  of  »  median  ridge;  preopercular  spines  rather  long  and 
sharp,  the  second  tbe  longest,  the  spinns  radiating.  Gill  rakers,  as  in 
m.  pinniger,  very  long  and  slender,  tbe  longest  about  f  diameter  of  the 
eye.  Dorsal  fin  low,  rather  deeply  eniargiiiate,  about  as  in  is. pinniger,  bnt 
rather  higher,  tbe  soft  rays  higher  than  tbe  spines;  caudal  fin  slightly 
eniargiuate;  anal  fin  rather  high,  the  second  spine  about  as  long  as  third 
and  stouter,  little  more  tiian  i  the  height  of  soft  raj-s,  about  3  in  head; 
jiectoral  fiu  moderate,  tbe  tip  reacbiii^  about  to  vent,  the  base  rather  nar- 
row; ventrals  very  long,  usually  reaching  p.ost  vent,  almost  to  the  begin- 
ning of  the  anal.  Uones  of  skull  thick ;  |>ari(.>tal  ridges  low  but  broad, 
ending  in  spines;  preocubir,  supraocular,  postocular,  au<l  tympanic  spines 
]>re8eiit,  sharp,  broad  at  base,  their  ridges  weak ;  parietal  bones  widely  sepa- 
rated ;  interorbital  space  convex  ( nearly  Ihit),  broad,  3  in  base  of  skull ;  ven- 
tral process  of  biusisphenoid  partly  developed ;  me-iethnioid  i)roce8ses  well 
devel(»ped,  compressed,  not  elevated ;  bii-se  of  skull  (parns]>henoid)  strongly 
curved.  Color  above,  deep  vermilion,  mottled  with  llesb  color  on  sides, 
belly  light  red;  back  and  sides  everywhere  with  clusters  of  black  dots, 
80  that  the  whole  body  has  a  dusky  shade;  top  of  head  and  back  with 
vaguely  defined  cross  blotches  made  of  dark  points;  3  obscure  orange 
8trii)es  radiating  from  the  ej'e ;  maxillary  with  a  red  streak ;  lips  rod,  mot- 
tled with  blackish;  under  side  of  head  light  red,  mottled  with  darker; 
inside  of  mouth  red;  fins  all  bright  vermilion;  spinous  dorsal  spotted 
with  olive  gray  below,  the  membrane  posteriorly  edged  with  blackish; 
soft  dorsal  spotted  Itelow  with  blackish,  a  vortical  dark-olive  stre.ik  on 
each  membrane;  other  fins  tipped  with  blackish,  the  membranes  mon?  or 
less  dotted ;  no  black  blotch  on  the  spinous  dorsal.    Length  24  inches. 


Jordan  and  Evermann, — Fishes  of  North  America.      170.' 


Coast  of  Calit'ornia,  San  F''rancigco  to  San  l)i«»j;<')  t'ouiinon  iu  tlie  markets ; 
the  bright  red  coloration  ilifl'ereut  frocn  that  oC  nil  otlxT  speciea.  (  m\n'\ain»y 
vennilioD.) 

Hf\>v»vhth)it  miniatVM,  JobD;U<   Si.  Giuikbt,  Prwi.  V.  S.  Nnt.  Mas.  I6MI,  70,  Moatercy. 

(Coll.Junlaii  Je  UilbiTt.) 
MMntoiUi  minMtuf.  Ji>Rn\)i  i;  (iiLBERT,  SyniipaU,  063,  IStCtj  Cuambu,  Pruc.C'Al.  Ac.  8<:i., 

•eriOH  2,  V.  1805, 696.  |iL  50.  flg.  8. 

Subgenus  ZALOPYR,  Jonlan  dc  BTemuuui. 

8197.  KIlIl.iSTOIIRS  4LKrTU>'r.<(.  .TnnUn  A  Brvnuaun.  new  Mpeclea. 

H<Ad2^;  dopth  3.  1).  Xlll,  13;  A.  Ill,  8;  acaXw  r.r>.  Gill  rukrrs  4+20. 
Eyr  4  ill  bead;  inu^illary  2i\i;  snont  4;  interorbital  Apace  4  :  |>ectoral  Ijl; 
ventral  Ig;  third  dorsal  xpineSl;  soi't  dorsal  raya  24;  seeoud  ana]  «piue 
31;  soft  anal  raj's  2;  caudal  li'^;  longt'st  gill  raker  i  eye.  IUmIj-  rather 
deep,  the  back  iiri'hed,  the  anterior  iirolile  Btifl'  and  nearly  straight;  top 
of  head  hroad  ivod  llattish.  Interorbital  space  very  broad  with  a  low 
naked  ridge  on  either  Bido  njidwuy  between  eye  and  median  line;  space 
on  each  si<I«  of  each  ridge  ooucavo.  Na«a1  xpine  Mhiirji;  preooiilar  Hpino 
abort  and  sharp;  supraocular  ridge  low,  its  spint^  inconspicuous,  but 
present;  pustocnlar  spiue  Hiniilar,  lint  larger;  tympauir  Hiiuilar  and  still 
larger.  Frontal  ridge  on  either  t^ide  naked,  witbLiiit  spine,  but  with  thi< 
sliort  sharp  oirnnal  xpine  behind  it,  and  continuous  with  it  under  the 
scales,  (k'cipital  ridge  sharp,  ruthiT  low,  ending  in  a  low  spine,  and 
with  sonietimi-.s  1  nr  2  spines  on  its  ripper  siirfaiO;  li  low  cross  furrow  sop- 
nruting  the  occipital  from  the  Kliarp,  short,  nuchal  spine.  A  Nharp,  short 
ttpiue  on  the  orldtal  rim  at  base  of  aiiborbitnl  stay ;  .'(  others  on  the  orbital 
rim  before  it;  3  on  the  lower  cdg<-  of  the  preorbital.  Pust-temporal  with 
2  or  3  Hpiuoiit)  piiitit.H.  a  sharp  spine  bt'hind  it  above  angle  of  gill  opening; 
a  Hat  spine  oii  the  humerus.  Opcrcle  with  2  strong  spines  diverging,  ciicL 
arising  from  a  ridge  on  the  bone.  Two  Hpinea  at  jatiotion  of  i4ubu|)ercle 
and  iiitcrupercle.  Preopenle  with  .~>  radiating  spines,  the  second  longemt, 
3^  in  eye).  Space  between  occipital  spines  nearly  liat.  I'oaterior  nostril 
twice  as  long  i>n  anterior.  Lower  jaw  with  4  large  mucous  pores  on  eacli 
aide,  lower  jaw  projecting,  the  Hyrnphysis  thickened.  Scales  rather  large, 
rough  ctenoid,  diciduous;  rough  scales  oo  middle  of  maxillary,  and 
almuBt  all  part.8  of  lower  jnw.  Horsal  spines  low,  slender;  soft  dorsal 
higher.  Se4.<ond  nnul  sptnc  somewhat  shorter  than  third,  the  soft  rays 
high.  Pectoral  rather  long,  not  <|uite  reaching  vent,  but  beyond  tips  of 
Tuntrals.  Candals  slightly  Innate.  Color  pbiin  uniform  brick  ro<l,  the 
edge  of  dorsal,  anal,  caudal,  and  ventral  bl:icki»«h;  pectoral  without 
dusky  shade;  tr,ice<<  of  3  dusky  shades  across  cheeks  and  operclea; 
insitle  of  mouth  and  gill  opming  coppery  red;  peritoneum  silvery, 
Aleutian  I^IaiiiIh  to  Kadink;  probably  common  in  water  of  modnrato 
depth,  This  strongly  lumked  species  is  the  type  of  a  diittinct  subgenus, 
Xalopi/r,  .lurdau  •&  Kvernmnn,  cbariicterieed  by  the  spinous  suborbital 
and  the  increased  number  of  cranial  aplues.    The  species  *  is  here  described 


*  SfMH-liiK^D*  |>rd)>i>l>l)  of  tltifi  Hpp<>iM  liars  )m-n  taken  in  «toiii<veb«  of  ihf  fur  »«>\  tOal- 
Unhinut  alnncnniu,  ilanlari  \  (.'lark)  alioiit  Kadiak.  It  Ih  iiahl  lliat  Ihiii  iipi'cir*  aud 
JMmMm  iMahu  ar«  voeuRioiially  taken  in  aalman  i>«ti»  at  Karlok,  oa  KadUk  lalaixL 


1790         Bulletin  f7,  Uuikd  States  A^atio7ial  Museutn. 


f^om  4  iip«ciuieiiH,*  1}  to  2  r«ut  lung;,  clreili;ed  in  110  I'athoms  in  Bholikof 
Strait,  Aliwkii,  ofl"  Karlnk,  Kadiak  Island,  Jn]y  20,  WXl.  (Coll.  JUmtio**.) 
It  i«  n^an-st  Sebatlmlia  niininiun.  Unt  tlittera  from  that  and  all  other  Aineri- 
run  upeoies  in  the  incrrafied  niiiiiber  of  crauial  spines,  uiid  especially  in 
thf  presoncp  of  HpincM  Imlou  the  i-yp.  It  ih  evident  that  this  is  thi*  red 
•pecies  ■wrougly  idt'iitilied  bv  Palloa  as  the  adult  of  hia  Prrrii  rariahi!i§, 
tbft  I'jiinrjiliiluf  filiafun  of  Tilesins.  One  of  PallaaV  speciuiens  from  the 
Aknitian  Islanils  haw  been  exainiiied  by  Dr.  Jordan  in  Derliu  and  dc- 
8L'ribi>d  under  Ctiu  nutiit',  dmibtleiiH  tM-roneous,  SfboBlode*  maUubaric,  tb« 
true  mal^ubaiTo:  being  ii  Japauuau  Hptscios. 

Pena  rariabilit,  PaLLas,  Zoogr.  Ko9so-A*lat.,  itl.Ul,  1811,  Aleutian  lalaoda;  In  port:  Xh» 

siippimrd  lulult  or  nutuincr  (oriii.     (S|ivcitueu,  Nu.  BUS,  Mus.  Ilcrl.) 
Selatlodtf  tnatiuhurie,  Jouiiiiw,  I'ruo.  Ai'.  Nut.  Si-i.  I'hlla.  1883,201;  JoRDAir,  Cat.  FiHh.  H. 
A.,  loa.  1885:  iirolmbly  not  .Sebaittt  tnoUvbarae  Hiujekdobt,  Sitigber.  Ges.  Natnif. 
Freande,  Ucrlio.  188U,  170.  from  YcMo. 


Sl«8.  MEDASTODEN  ATRORtTBF.NS,  Gilbort,  new  species. 

Head  2^  ;  depth  2i;.  Saont  4i(  in  total  length  of  head;  65*6  4;  interor- 
liital  width  5;  leftist  width  uf  preorbitiil  '2^  in  |nipil.  !►.  .XIII,  14;  A.  Ill, 
7;  V.  17;  obIi«|iie  rows  of  acnlcH  above  lateral  line  45.  Ilody  def-p,  com- 
pre.MSLHl,  il.s  gri'ntt'nt  thickuews  about  A  its  greatuat  depth.  Caudal  peduncle 
very  deep,  compre.-wed.  its  Uast  d^pth  about  ^  (i^ivatest  dfpth  of  body,  and 
jin-ater  than  Iftigtb  of  pediincli*  bt;hin<l  ba.'^e  of  dorsal  tin.  Ileiui  wide, 
heavy,  its  np]>er  pnifili*  descciiding  in  a  gi'ntly  i-onvex  cnrve  from  front 
(if  doraal,  the  ooripital  an-a  aligtitly  di'pressod.  but  not  tTan.worBcdy  flat^ 
t(-ned.  Interorbitnl  region  and  ofL'ipnt  strongly  coiives  tnuiKVoi-aely,  the 
foniK-r  with  a  sliallow  I'hanuel  nniiiiug  jiarallel  with  i^ach  nrbital  margin. 
Lower  jiiw  projecting  bi'voiul  tho  iippur,  the  tip  cntr-riiig  the  profile.  Xo 
HyinpbyBual  kmili.  ilaxtllary  reaching  «  vortical  drawn  midway  between 
hinder  margin  uf  the  eye  ami  bark  nf  pupil,  its  length,  tiieaitiireil  from  tip 
iif  Huont,  «>i|naliug  length  of  Hooiit  and  eye,  :tiid  |  length  of  head  to  end 
of  nivper  oiiernihir  spine.  I'reoperciilar  spine  Hhort,  regularly  radiating, 
the  Bwoioi  and  third  longest  diverging,  tho  iiiiju'rinoNt  vt>ry  short,  about 
e<|iialing  the  fourth,  rreorbital  with  2  very  wide  Btrong  Npincs  direet<'d 
dovvnw.ird  aud  iKR'kwnrd.  Cranial  ridges  low  and  inconspirnous,  but 
evident  thrmighont  and  terminating  In  strong  Bpines.  The  ua8.al,  pre- 
oeul.vr,  ])08tocnlar,  and  parietal  alone  are  present.  Gill  ntkers  bmg  and 
Klender,  9+--  on  anterior  areh,  the  longest  2\  in  orbit.  Dorsal  Bpin<'B 
high,  .slender,  llexittle,  the  fourth,  filth,  and  Histh  eijual  in  their  height, 
which  eipials  length  of  snout  and  eye.  Outline  of  the  npions  doraal 
regularly  convex,  mneh  as  in  Perca.     Membranes  nut  deeply  iuciaed.     A 


•The  foUowinn  doHcrlption  in  from  a  apet^imcn  in  the  Berlin  Mnicnm  brought  liy  I'alliwt 
froin  the  Alfntinn  Ialiin<(8:  "D.XIIl.U;  A. III.  7.  Spinca  ofhoail  low,  il«velo]ieiliibuut 
«a  in  Srb(utait<M  miiiinlin  ami  fiinniifrr.  Prwieiilar,  iiiiprmxnlar,  )»iiilaL'alar,  tymptiiitc, 
<X'Ciiiilal.  and  nnclial  spineii  ilisllnrt:  m  pair  wf  «inall  rorniml  npine..*  pn<M'nt,  aa  alao  ■ 
«ni«ll  itpiiie  bi'l'urw  anil  otifjiint  below  eye.  MaxiUory  n-iifUiue  to  ponU-riiir  burilrrufeva 
1}  in  lieail.  lioth  Jaiva  covcreil  witli  riiiiBh.  <t«tn>iil  Rralen.  lnti'n>rliiliil  iipnie  tlnltUli, 
aoaln^,  itH  bn'iidilg  &  littli'lfNH  tliAu  Ibnlo?  rv«.  Pri-oiwrciilnr  spiiM' Mbort,  BimpI*'.  I*Te- 
ori>it;i1  Hplu«a  itirnple.  Lownr  jaw  acnn-elvproioclind.  ^>M^^llll  anal  npiuo  wrttncly  Unig^r 
thuu  tbiiti.  Luiii{i.M)l  duinal  H|iliiti  ?}  in  lirail,  u  liltlo  leiin  tiiun  tlio  luugrsit  ibtNTt  nfa. 
I'ectonU  4^  In  buuy.    i;olor  cliicUy  red :  3  dark  ■batloa  acroaa  clieclc." 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     17f)7 


ileep    nntcli   lietweon  dorsnis,  the  twelRrh   Bpino  onntainod   2^   timea  in 

the  fiHirth;   wol't  (lursnl    lii;,'b('r  than   niiimmH   tlorsal,   the   loii^mt   rays 


aliuhtly  more  th;iii  k  length  of  IkmuI;  c::iiiihil  (^vnuly  rotiudiHl,  J^!  in  bt)M<l ; 
aniil  H[iiiiL'D  >ri':t<lii:itor],  tbi<  sccnnil  imt  !4triiii;r(,['  tbjiii  the  tlnnl,  roii- 
taiiietl  \\  tiiiK'H  iu  it»  li^Di^tb;  tbiid  spiue  1';^  iti  buiiel;  lon^oHt  8i)ft  ray 
lij ;  veTitTiilM  reacUiuj;  voiit,  l^  iu  linul :  pt>rtoral8  reacliitij^  beyntnll  voiit, 
uoiirly  to  "ipiiiisitK  Hrat  :ni:il  spitm,  they  lowur  niyH  iimcb  tliiikpiied,  sini- 
jilo  iinti  uadivided;  base  of  pectorals  Tvidi',  3 J  in  keail.  Soiiloa  uti  aides 
[of  body  weukly  ctminiil,  fceliii);  eiu«utli  to  the  touch,  those  ua  breoat 
tniuute;  »o  nrcensory  si'alcH  ou  body;  he.'kd  very  couipletoly  scsaled, 
iiiclndii)^  top  «f  bend  uh  far  forward  a.s  iia>;al  HpiueH,  eutin*  Hrihorbital 
riu^,  exposed  portion  of  maxillary,  nud  the  iiianilihie;  uct*eH8nry  Hcales 
uuiiitsriJUM  on  nu\e»  nf  head;  Hi'iiltw  ou  luiixitliiry  uiid  uiaudible  luiiiiito, 
aiiiooth,  ])arti)illy  tiiiibedded;  snt^  dorsal,  uiial,  iind  caudal  deiiAely  ciivel- 
u|ied  in  uititiiti)  Hcati'M  to  tbi-ir  tips,  tho  Mcales  «i]iially  pri-a«iit  mi  rays  and 
uitniibraiies;  ventral  ray.n  sealed  <iu  auturiur  face,  the  iiieiuhmneH  nuked; 
the  lower  tbii'keiK-ii  rays  iind  the  nppi-r  4  or  5  rays  af  pectoral  wealod  at 
hase  only,  Iht-  otbero  ncuk'd  to  tip;  iixillary  sidt*  ot'  peidiir.ilN  iniked.  The 
general  ccdor,  when  fre»h,  rt^ddiHli  orauj^i*.  tiiilch  niuttU<d  un  back  ami  upper 
part  of  8idi'H  witli  dark  brown:  dorsal,  anal,  and  caiidui  dn.sky  orauKe, 
with  darker  nionibrauuH ;  pei-torals  and  vontrals  dusky;  liniiijr  of  jjill 
cavity  nad  peritouc'uui,  brijjht  sihory  white;  opercular  llap  oraoKt'i  pre- 
Cftled  by  a  dark  bbituh;  li  faint  dark  slroakw  ou  aidt*  of  bead,  1  nin- 
liinji;  lengtlivr isn  of  tiiaxillary,  1  from  the  narrow  snborbila]  arrosK  the 
chock  to  the  fourth  pri'operciilar  spine,  a  third  from  eye  b;»rkwBrd  and 
downward  to  base  of  upper  2  preopoicular  epiDes;  snout  and  mesial  por- 
tion of  lower  lip  ditsky;  top  of  bend  uuttlcd  witb  brown  and  orange 
red;  \  ijH-ouMpiououH  round  spots  of  clear  orange  aloii^  bock,  I  under 
third  and  fourth  dorsal  spines,  I  under  seventh  and  eiifhth,  I  iintler  origin 
of  soft  dorsal,  thu  hist  under  itf»  tetuiiual  rays.  Mont  nearly  related  to 
S.  alrtririiin,  having  a  strongly  convex  interorbttal  wpace;  strong,  low, 
cranial  rldifes  enrling  iu  short,  Htruu>;  spines,  of  wbiob  tbe  |)oHtoouhir  &ud 
nuchal  are  wanting.  Caudal  rtmvex.  It  diU'erB  most  ronspicuouHly  in 
its  t«il  eolui,  Ktionjrly  ]>rotrndiuK  lower  jaw,  and  very  Iouk  slender  gill 
rakerH.  Leu((th  about  a  foot.  Coast  of  Culifornia;  know u  from  1  apeoi- 
moD,  probably  from  Monter^y. 

BelMi*lodrt  atrorubetu,  GUJieitT  MS.    <Ty|H>.  Nu.  IB73,  L.S.  Jr.  CTnir.  Uns.,  from  San  Fran- 
clauo  market.) 

ai»».  NKD.lSTOlrKK  ATHOTIUKNN  (.hmUn  ,Ji£  OUbert). 

((iAlittCl'A.J 

IK-id  ;t;  depth  2^  1>.  XIII.  14;  A.  Ill,  li;  sialea  52.  lioTi<ti  of  sknil 
think  ;  parietal  ridjjes  moderate,  eiidiiig  in  liplufs,  supraocular  spin  o  absent; 
pretienlar  and  postocular  spine*  present,  sliarp,  slender,  the  tiilges  little 
developed;  tyuijoanii'  sonietiiuea  present,  small.  I'ariotal  bones  widely 
separated;  interorbitul  apace  nearly  3^  iu  base  of  skull,  nearly  tiat,  a 
median  depres»iou  between  2  ridges,  oovering  mucous  oanaJs;  ventral 


1798  Bulletin  47,  United  States  Natiotial  Mtiseum, 


process  of  basispbenoid  rudimentary,  sometimes  fairly  well  developed, 
mesethiiioid  processes  compressed,  sligbtly  elevated;  base  of  skull  (para- 
spbenoid )  strougly  curved.  liody  obloug,  not  titpering  rapidly  backward ; 
head  moderate,  rather  pointed ;  mouth  moderate,  the  lower  jaw  somewhat 
projecting,  the  maxillary  extending  to  beyond  ]>OBterior  border  of  pupil, 
its  length  2  in  head;  premuxillary  below  pupil;  eye  large,  34  in  head; 
uasiil  spines  prominent;  preorbitul  very  narrow,  with  2  stout  spines;  pre> 
oi>erouliir  spines  short,  rattier  sharp,  the  second  longer  and  slenderer  than 
the  others;  opercular  and  suprascapular  spines  sharp;  interorbital  space 
widened  backward,  its  width  less  than  that  of  the  eye  and  more  than  the 
length  of  the  parietal  ridge;  gill  rakers  slender,  not  very  long,  the  longest 
i  diameter  of  eye;  preorbital  scaly;  maxillary  partly  scaly;  mandible 
with  some  smooth  scales;  scales  large,  i-egularly  arranged.  Dorsal  flu 
rather  deeply  nniarginat«,  the  spines  moderate,  the  fifth  \  length  of  head 
and  lower  than  soft  rays;  caudal  truncate;  aual  tin  short  and  high,  its 
spinet)  slender,  the  second  shorter  than  third,  and  not  much  stronger,  about 
24  in  head;  longest  soft  rays  11  in  head;  pectorals  long  and  narrow,  reach- 
ing past  vent  nearly  to  beginning  of  unal,  their  length  }  that  of  head, 
thoir  base  uarrow;  vontrals  long,  reaching  just  past  vent.  Olive  green, 
marbled  with  darker,  sometimes  browuisli;  belly  pale  yellowish  green; 
flns  olivaceous,  no  red  any  where.  Length  15  inches.  CooKt  of  California, 
San  Diego  to  San  Francisco ;  generally  abundant,  especially  southward. 
(ater,  black;  rirciis,  green.) 

SdiasHehthyji  atroviren;  Jordan  &.  Uilbbrt,  Proo.  U.  S.  Nat.  Moa.  1880,  289,  Monterey. 

(Coll.  Jurdaii  &  Gilbert.) 
Stlxutoden  alrovireiu,  Jokuan  Sc  (jii.BF.Rr,  .S.vno|i8is,  0C2,  1883;  Cbambb,  Proc  Cal.  Ao. 

Sci.,  sories  'i.  v,  18U5,  595,  pi.  CO,  fig.  lU. 

Subgenus  EOSEBASTES,  Jonlon  &  Everraann. 
S3U0.  SEB.iSTUUKS  S.IXICOI.A  ((iillK<rt). 

Head  2t  to  25 ;  depth  .S  to  3^.  D.  XIII,  12  or  13;  A.  Ill,  7;  lateral  line 
with  4.5  pores;  eye  large,  2Jt  to  3]  in  head,  much  longer  than  snout  or 
interorltital  widtii;  nioutli  large,  miixillary  reaching  nearly  to  posterior 
margin  of  pupil,  2i  in  head.  Mandible  lat^^rally  inclinled,  the  tip  strongly 
projecting,  with  conwpiciious  symphyscal  knoli,  which  enters  profile.  The 
least  width  of  iuterorl)ital  space  aliout  equaling  ttnont,  5  in  head;  preor- 
bital narrow,  i  pupil,  witli  2  xtroiig  triangular  lobes  with  spinous  tips; 
preojiercular  spines  directed  backward,  or  the  lowest  si  ightlyoldique.  Gill 
rakers  long  and  slender,  the  longest  j  orbit,  I'onstantly  10-1-22  or  23.  The 
second  anal  spine  varies  somewhat  in  length,  always  extending  slightly 
beyond  tip  of  third  aual  spine  when  the  fin  is  d<>eliue<l,  usually  not  reach- 
ing tips  of  soft  anal  rays,  its  length  2^  to  2i  in  that  of  head.  Young 
individuals  with  faint  dark  bars  occupying  usual  position;  a  jet-black 
blotch  on  middle  of  soft  dorsal  witii  a  light  streak  below  it  separating  it 
from  the  ba<-k.  Highest  dorsal  8i>iue  'Ji  in  head,  the  spines  moderately 
strong,  the  membrane  not  deeply  incised;  height  of  sott  rays  about  equal- 
ing that  of  spines;    caudal  cmargiuate;  second  anal  spine  longer  and 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     171)9 


BtrnuKt*r  than  third,  and  lon^t^r  than  soft  rays,  2  to  2i  in  hcml;  vi-ntrnU 
ii»iiall.v  not  to  vcul;  ]ii>cti>rul8  tieai'ly  to  froiit  of  anji],  Scuh'x  rough 
ctonixl  ou  l)i'(taHt,  iiiiixillary.  niiiuilililx.  iiixl  snout.  Itoniss  of  mIuiII  thin, 
pri'ticular,  po.stoculuc,  tynipunii',  aii<l  pariutul,  and  ftoiuctinji-.s  riiinh:*!  xpioeH 
pruflciit,  aniall,  abarp,  tlio  ri<lg(<»  niodcratt-ly  ili-vclopod ;  prK»ciil:ir  liilgn 
pruiuini'iit,  tke  itpiui-  prujerting  aliovc  orliit;  pnriotal  i'lil^<-.-<  Noiui'wliiit 
ciirvi'd.  pariutal  lioueit  unt  niuctiuj;;;  iuturoihital  Hpitof  widr,  ;<}-iti  1)iU4i^  of 
nkiiU,  a  little  ronciivo,  lusirly  lliit  iM-tweni  tbl^  Miipraix-iilar  liiljjf*;  vi-ntml 
pru<'i-Mof  baeinpticnoiil  fairly  <levi>liipeil ;  uiuHutliiiioiil  proci'Msi^H  small,  runi- 
preatMsd,  nut  elevated,  biMv  of  itkull  HtrouKly  i:iirvrd.  (ilivari<oiic  above, 
silvery  bolow,  nvi-rlttid  btdtiw  with  iisbt  red ;  young  with  3  or  1  brownisli 
Idai'k  bars  on  aide,  lK<<'omin)f  faint  in  older  eXHnipleii  and  Hoinrtiiiii'B  alao 
in  youn^;  in  theKf  a  dutiky  blotch  on  occ'i|>nt.  1  inchidtn^  front  of  doitsal 
and  1  on  back  uf  tail;  ilorsal  Aomctinies  with  black  Hpotti.  tbc^  xpiniuiH 
portion  often  with  a  itubiumlian  band  of  black,  abovi<  which  tho  incitiud 
nimubranv  is  white;  couspiciiuua  olivc-browu  Hpotn  on  caudal,  aaiially 
ounllncd  to  ba.>!«  and  up])ur  lube  of  (in;  i>eritoucnin  bla<'k;  biirral  and  gill 
oavitie.M  whitK.  I^enjfth  12  inchcH.  Vi-ry  iibnndant  in  deop  wat<?r»  off  tlio 
coaat  of  southern  California;  Si^autii  Itarbara  Uland».  in  from  44  to  155 
fathouiJi.    (liilbert.)    (laj'um.  rook;  colo,  I  iuhabitj 

eMxmtieMhut  laneota.  tituiitiiT.  Pnic.  V.  S.  Nat.  Mim.  18IW.  78,  Santa  Barbara  liUnil*. 

(Coll.  AUtalrau.) 
SflMilo'ifi  iaj(K«la,  t'OAJlKli,  Troc.  Citl.  Au.  Sci.,  iieriea  2,  v,  18K>,  SOO,  60,  Uj,'.  12. 

Seoi.  .SEB18T0DBM  CBiXERI,  JopIbd. 

HeiMl  Tt:  depth  2J.  D.  XIII,  14;  A.  111,7;  P.  XQ-?^;  pori-siu  lateral  line, 
IX  (-1-  1  on  caudal);  tran«vcr»c  rowa  of  acale«  49.  Uody  compreaaed,  its 
thiokiii'SH  2^  in  it«i  depth.  Interorbital  space  tiat,  4t  in  head;  cranial 
ridifca  low  but  evident,  th«j  pariet;il  ridge*  thin.  Fn'ocular,  Hiipraocnlar, 
poHtociilar,  tyiupuuic,  parietal  and  uiichal  apinus  present,  the  l,'i8t-uani«<I 
spine*!  being  marked  oil'  from  the  parietal  ridjica  only  by  dopresHioun, 
ami  the  parietal  spines  not  well  marked.  Orbit  nearly  circnlar,  'i\  in 
head.  SDoiit  about  cqnal  to  interorbital  width;  preorbital  with  2  tri- 
angular lobes,  bill  nu  distinct  spines.  Maxillary  reaching  a  little  beyond 
vertical  from  middle  of  eye,  2^  in  bead.  Mandible  acarcely  projei-ting, 
with  a  aniall  aymphyseal  knob.  The  3  upper  preoperctilar  spineH  nearly 
equal,  a  little  divi-rgent,  the  lowest  oue  obsolegecnt.  Opercular  apinea 
imHlorate,  nearly  eqnal.  Qill  rakers  slender,  2i  in  orbit,  21  ou  horizontal 
limli  of  HcHt  arch.  Scales  of  medium  ai/.e,  tboaci  on  opercb-s  and  cheeks 
ctenoid,  those  on  snout,  preorbilal,  maxillary,  and  mandible  scarcely 
cU'Uoid,  or  cycloid;  jiccessory  seab-M  in  moderate  number.  Dorsiil  spines 
rather  low,  the  fourth  Jougei't,  2j;  in  head,  the  twidflh  about  k  iim  long; 
the  nn-mlirane  of  spinous  dunial  rather  deeply  incised;  long'^t  •lomal 
rays  abo'lt  c(|ual  to  longe>tt  spines;  necnnd  anal  »piue  about  e<|Ual  to 
the  third,  but  Htronger,  curved,  3  in  head,  alioat  1^  in  soft  rays;  cau<lal 
eiuargiuate;  base  of  |iectural  2}  in  head,  the  10  lower  rnya  aiiuplc,  the 
middle  rays  luiigvet,  3j  in  length  of  bvHly,  uuU  roacluug  u  little  beyond 


1800         Bulletin  //,  United  States  National  Museum. 


orif^D  uf  iinal ;  ventral:*  reiiching  a  little  beyond  reut.  Color  in  alcoh<ll, 
ycllowlKh,  darker  siIiovk  (iloiilitlcBs  lirij;;lit  red  in  lift')!  '  shiirt  faiat  croM 
biiadH  on  upper  part  of  «idi'K,  1  iiuder  geooiid,  third,  :iud  foiirtb  dorsnl 
MXiitiea,  II  itecotid  nuder.slxth  and  uevi'iitb  a]iiii«-H,  a  third  imder  iiiiitb.  tenth, 
and  olpvimtli  apiin-H,  and  thf  iVmrtb  iiniler  tbi>  soft  dorsal;  u  black  spot  on 
upper  p:irt  oj'ojverclor  iiiembraiie  of  apitioiis  dorsal  blaok-ed(;cd  ;  doraals 
mid  pi-ctoi'tilH  !i  little  dusky,  ttiiti  otbcrwisc  pale;  iiisitle  of  mouth  a  little 
dusky  at  the  sides  and  in  front  "f  tdnjjui-;  iiisidi'  of  ^iH  "•uviti<.<M  dasky  in 
front  of  pHi'iidabraiii-lHM' ;  ppritaiieinu  d;irk  brown.  Coast  of  Aloaka;  only 
till'  iyp<',  6i  iuches  b)ng,  kuovvci.  ( Nttinod  for  Mr.  Frank  I'ramer,  of  Li-land 
Stanford  .Ir.  Uuivei'aitj',  in  lecognitiuii  of  liia  work  on  the  g«nua 
SfbaalodfB. ) 

StbaitiMtet  eramtri,  JnBpAN,  P^o^.  V.  S.  Nat,  Md«.  1994, 4i\,  coMt  of  Orepoo,  at  AlbatroM 
Station  3091,  Lat.  4S^43'N.,  Lone.ia^'-'il'  W. ,  in  3?  Tathoma.  (TjTw,  Nu. 47745.  Cull. 
GUlwrt.) 


asm.  SBBISTODES  8EftICI?iCniS,  Qilliert. 

D.  Xlt-I,  13;  A.  m,  7.  Head  2|'„  to3;  body  nleuder,  tho  depth 3!  to  3| 
iu  lou^tli.  Mciiidiblo  with  a  u]U4l**rate  MyiniihyHeal  knob,  whirb  projrota 
to  (Mitur  tbo  prolllo.  .Maxillijry  ararcoly  reacbiiiu  vtirtiral  from  (uiddlo  of 
pupil,  2»  to  2^  in  be:id.  Eye  avi>rajring  HiiitvllBr  tliati  in  S,  tnfioola,  'Si  to 
'M  in  ben<i  (rurnly  'S  in  bend).  Interurliital  a]mie  of  moderate  vridtb,  flat, 
with  a  alight  luodian  leniftbwi^e  groovr  buuuded  by  a  )iair  of  low  roiiud«d 
rid^BH,  the  groove  and  riilKus  someiimcs  nut  evident,  rreocular,  Hiipni- 
Ofular,  and  oct^ipitul  ridgi-.g  low,  but  Hliarp  and  Bvidt-nt,  terminating  in 
atroiig  tlxtii^h  sleudtir  npinoH,  Nuaiil,  pr<'(H-iilai',  poxtocular,  tympanic,  and 
oci'ipitftl  spines  in<"si»iit,  the  pri'ocnlar  the  stroujfest,  directed  outward 
and  back>vaid  80  aa  to  project  ovlt  thu  orbit.  Farietak  not  in  contact; 
prcorbitiil  narrow,  with  'J!  tri:ingiibir  nr  roundM  lobt-a,  with  or  without 
alight  apinnuN  tips.  I'n'utiercular  spities  with  cfniipresaed  triangular  baae, 
the  npt^cf  -  usually  tmaroat  toKCthiT,  directed  bnckwnril  or  alightly 
uiMvanl,  tbeoilKTH  backward  unit  downward;  a  Hiibopcrcular  and  an  int«r- 
opurciiliir  apim'  cloHoly  approximated;  H  huni(*ral  apinea.  tlill  rakers 
long,  aiwider,  very  nuinerou.-<,  dtnidopt^cl  as  movable  rakers  to  tli«  extreme 
anterior  nuil  of  tlie  arclr ;  10  or  11  gill  rakera  on  vertical  limb  of  anterior 
ar<-b,  '27  on  Uori/.ontal  limb,  the  longest  alightly  le^.^  than  dianicter  of  eye. 
Fifth  doraal  apine  highest,  2i  to  2i  in  hrad,  longer  than  the  eoft  raya,  the 
membraiiea  bftwi-pu  H])jue«  not  d«>«'ply  ineisod;  the  notch  between  dorsala 
ratbpr  sliallow,  tlir  twelfth  spine  f  to  »  length  of  tbirte'entli ;  oandal  emar- 
giuati-;  Hfcuiid  iinal  eptuo  Htrong,  longer  tbivn  third,  usually  not  reach- 
ing tipH  of  Hoft  ruya  when  liii  in  declined;  length  of  Merond  apine  j 
tbatuf  iii^ad ;  vi"ntrjil«  usually  re.'ichnig  to  or  l»t>yi)iid  vmit;  tin:  pectorala 
varying  from  slightly  l»ebiiid  vent  to  alightly  bobiud  origin  of  annl. 
Scales  on  breast  cycloid  or  weakly  ctenoid,  elHewbere  on  body  rongh 
ctenoid;  head  coiii|dettily  Hcalod,  tlio  acalc!*  on  top  of  li»ad  and  on  cheeka 
cti-iioid,  those  on  .><nonl,  in,i.xilbiry,  mandible,  and  briiticbioat«gal  rays 
much  reditcrd  in  a\f.e  and  ainontb,  l(i  to  ix  tubes  in  the  Inlenil  line;  about 
96  vertical  transverae  aeriear  above  the  lateral  line,  each  aeriea  under  th« 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      l.S(H 


I 


» 


(luraal  finHcoiitjiiniug7oi'8  nciiIoh.  Culor  inspirita,  lijrfat  browuifib  altove, 
silviiiy  KU  kivvor  lialfof  sidt-H  and  lielow  (tiiigeil  vvitb  iwl  in  life) ;  auont  iind 
t<i|i  of  lieivd  ilnsky;  aoiiiotiuies  a  dusky  streak  fniiii  tii>  i>f  Hiimitto  eye,  a 
sui'uud  om-  iToaaiuji  bet  weeu  prtouulnr  ridjfL-B,  and  :i  third,  leaa  ofti^n  viHJble, 
ou  ucripiit;  ;i  iliaiiioud-shiipr'd  lirowu  Idotcb  on  uapo  and  umtt-r  front,  of 
t>piaon«  dorstal,  <?xtc"iidiiinil«wuw;ird  iieiirly  to  liiterwl  Uimj;  a  wiiall  blotvEi 
imdor  sixtb  and  Boveiitb  (lorsal  spiiu's;  a  very  consiiitujtuis  swldlo-f*bu|»ed 
blown  <TO!«  bur  iind(.>r  tbe  cijjbtb  to  eleventh  apiucH;  this  in  wider  and 
liffbtcr  nt!Xt  thc>  biu-k,  liecouu'H  uurrower  and  more  iutense  Jiiat  iibovo  the 
Iut«ral  line,  then  widens  into  an  iiit«nfie  verticrvUy  ellijitical  blotch  ua 
iiiiddk'  of  bides;  a  aimilitr  leiM  intenai*  bur  auder  soft  dorsal,  and  1  on 
caudal  peduncle;  the  lij^bter  portion*  ti-f  (hi^sc  bars  showing  dnrker  spots 
tiiid  iiiottliu>;ii;  those  bcDeuth  tluj  Ush  cucroneliin^  HaiD6w]iut<iti  tbt^irbiMal 
portiuua;  nieuibraneB  of  doritul  tins  tvitli  ill-dulint'd  miuidiBli  spots  of  light 
bruwn;  civiidal  rays  with  a  lew  elongate  otivi'-brown  npot8j  huiu<>  of  these 
often  Ibnuiug  a  vortitiil  serii^s  near  haso  of  tin;  niumbrnuuH  ItetwM^u  the 
rays  largely  olive-brown  on  liiisal  \  of  fin;  a  fiiint  dark  upot  above  middle 
of  baae  of  pectoral;  pi-ctoralti,  veutrals,  and  anal  white,  unmarked; 
month  and  gill  ravity  white;  peritoiitHtiu  brown.  Length  7  inches. 
Very  clo8oly  related  to  iS.  /toj-ieodi,  from  which  it  difl'ers  conapii-uoiisly  in 
it«  smaller  si/c,  it»  r*bt«rply  delined  i-i-oas  iuira,  the  siuuUlt  head,  Hiualler 
niontli,  uikI  smaller  eye,  and  in  thr  Imigir,  more  nnaieroiis  gill  raki-ra. 
(.'oust  of  t'alil'iiruia;  taken  rather  iilitindantly  iu  the  8aut»  llarbuni  fhaii- 
ne],  and  at  tiret  eonfused  with  the  young  of  S,  saxicola,  Speritueni)  arc 
from  JlbalroHs  Stations  2949  and  2959,  in  depths  of  155  and  55  fathoms. 
(Gilbert.;     (irmi.  half;  pinctui,  banded.) 

Sehattodft  temicineltu,  (JiLliEKT,  I'roo.  V.  S.  Nat  Miia.  1806, 440,  pi.  &3,  Ug.  I.  Santa  Barbara 
Channel,  I-»t.  33J  57'  N.,  Long.  119^  53'  30"  W.,  in  155  fathoms.  (Tyjw,  So.  17&81. 
Coll.  Albucruu.) 

SS08.  JsKBASTOBKS  DIPLUPRU.!  ((lUbert>. 

Head  2i ;  depth  I'f.  (J.  XIII,  12  or  IS ;  A.  Ill,  7 ;  a")  pores  in  lateral  line. 
Maxillary  reaching  beyond  middle  of  pupil,  24  in  head;  preinaxitlury 
produced  on  each  side  of  median  line,  forming  2,Jbrwaidly  prnjeeting 
deutigerous  lobe«,  in  the  deep  emargiuation  between  which  titj»  the  tip  of 
mandible;  sj^mphysoal  kuob  small.  Kye  large,  3  to  3^  in  bead.  I'reor- 
bital  narrow,  ji  pupil,  with  2  strong  diverging  spiueo;  iulerovbital  apace 
1}  in  orbit;  preopercnlar  spiuea  strong,  the  second  u.-<nal]y  t<be  longest, 
the  thirdj  fourth,  and  fifth  directed  downward  and  backwnrd;  opercular 
spines  longer  thuu  those  on  preoporcle;  2  aniall  spines  on  shoulder,  tiill 
rakers  long  and  very  t^Kuder.  the  longest  I  orbit.  l>orsal  spinca  mod- 
erate, longer  than  soft  rays,  the  longoHt  2^  in  head,  the  twelfth  il^  its 
height;  caadal  nmargiuate ;  Hei'oud  iiD:tl  spine  longer  and  HtrougiT  than 
third,  shorter  tlum  Hoft  rays,  2i  to  li  iu  Leatl;  voutrals  barely  resiching 
vent,  the  jiectdrals  slightly  beyond,  l|  iu  head,  with  broad  base,  the 
lower  rays  not  thickened.  Scales  large,  uiiuutely  s[duon8  :»nd  readily 
deciiluous.  very  Htnall  and  cycloid  on  maxillary,  inautlible,  and  breast. 
Fill  membranes  thick  and  sealed.     Boue«  of  skuU  thiu,  cranial   ridges 


1802  Bulletin  ^j^  United  States  National  Museum. 


moderately  developed,  parietal  ri(lK()8  iiiurkodly  curved;  preofiilar,  post- 
ocnlar,  t.viwpftuio,  nnil  pariptnl  siiines  iircseiit.  mostly  tbiu  an«l  shyrp; 
purictal  boues  ui-ctitijLr;  tuterorbitsil  xpace  \  ill  biiae  of  akiill,  ciiucavr,  tho 
Hat  center  hordcreil  liy  li  ridges  (the  roofa  of  the  luucouii  eaimls);  the 
Kilpr:iociilur  rid;;i-H  foiiuiuf;  :in  eli-vati'd  Uurtler;  niesi'thiiioiil  proces8w 
oompresaed,  not  olfvated,  vfiitral  procena  of  Ua.Misphfnoid  partly  devel- 
oped; basi'  of  skull  strongly  curved,  Uiiiffum  rosp-red  ;iltovi»,  liriKbt  sil- 
very on  Bides  and  bidow,  sparsBly  blaok  punctate,  n  faint  dnsky  bar 
behind  ppotorulB;  apiiiouA  dorsal  with  dti.tky  margins,  thi»  Hiit»  otherwise 
uniuarki-d;  pi>riliiueunL  Jet-bhick.  Coiutt  of  Boiithern  Califiimia;  many 
HpvciuD-iiN,  thi<  lurgcHt  desiTJbed  7  inches  long,  from  jilioiit  tlie  Corunado 
IfllundB,  in  2\  futhoiuH.     (Gilbert.)     (^liiXooi,  double;  TCfiofia,  a  prow.) 

HebattichUifH  l^ipll^|lroa,  GlUJtRT,  I'roc.  V.  8.  KjiI,  Mua.  ISM,  TS,  Coronado  Islands,  Lai.  3*^ 
44'  ao'   N.,  Long,  tij-^  13'  W.,  in  114  fathomk.    (Typo,  No.  W.'3*.     CuU.  Atbalratt.) 

Seba$tu<let  diploproa,  (.'RAMEB.  rriH'.CiiI.  A<-.  SoI.,«eriea  2,V,  1IA&,  506,  jil.  61,  fig.  13.  GlL- 
BBST,  Kept.  U.  b.  Fiah  Comm,  1R83  (18U6),  407.* 


SS04.  NEBANTODEK  AITROBA  (Gilbert), 

Head  2J;  depth  2J.  IK  XIH,  13  or  11;  A.  Ill,  ft;  lateral  lint>  29  (poree); 
eyo  turgi%  S^  iit  head,  miub  longer  than  snout  or  iiiterurbital  space. 
Muiitli  large,  ina.xilljiry  nearly  reacliing  vertical  from  posterior  margin  of 
orbit,  3^  ill  head,  its  width  ojiialiug  tlianieter  cjf  pii])il.  Mandible,  later- 
ally a«  well  as  in  front,  largely  ahtitting  within  the  widti  promaxillary 
baud  uf  teeth;  bandH  on  vomer  and  palatiues  nigu  wide.  Freop(<rcnlar 
Hpiuea  regularly  radiating,  the  (ipi»iT  -1  more  nearly  it<|n»l  than  usual. 
Preorbital  wider,  it«  least  width  i  pnpi!,  with  2  strong  triangular  siunea, 
directed  downward  and  bai-kuard.  (iill  rakers  clender,  .he  longest  little 
more  than  i  eye.  Dorrinl  apiuua  strong,  not  high,  the  longest  2j  in  head, 
tho  twelfth  Jibyut  jr  't**  height;  soft  rays  lowi^r  than  spines;  raudul 
slightly  emargiuate:  Hecoud  anal  .spine  very  strong,  ranch  longer  and 
stronger  than  third,  and  about  ui|ualiug  in  length  the  soft  rays,  its  length 
about  '2i  in  bciid;  voutrals  reacliiug  to  or  slightly  beyond  vent;  pectorals 
to  front  of  anal.  .Si'ab^s  very  rongli  ctenoid,  thuwc  of  lateral  line  enlarged, 
covering  breast,  briuichiostegal  rays,  umudible,  uia\illary,  and  part  of 
Hnout,  everywhere  rough.  Fins  enveloped  in  a  more  or  less  lax  metM- 
brane,  invested  with  line  et«<noid  ncales.  rtonoa  of  skull  very  thin;  preoc- 
ular,  anpraoculnr,  postocular,  tympanic,  parietal,  nuchal,  and  usnally 
coronal  spines  present,  sharf  I  and  slender;  ridgea  moderate;  parietal  ridges  1 
high,  tliin;  parietal  bouoa  not  meeting;  inr«*rorbital  space  narrow,  long,,! 


•  Unnu  ilinao  apei^iuieiin  Dr.  tJlHwrt  mnkc-H  tlip  fnllowiusf  remark*; 

"AlJ  tlii'so  uliiivr  tho  i')iaract«rliClt'  silvpry-wliiu?  colorulion  on  lower  half  of  sldM. 
Tbfln^  un*  I  rut-e^t  nf  dark  hnra  iiii  I  lie  huIcji  ;  I  on  iingM!  and  iinOnr  front  of  Mpiuouit  ilorwtil ; 
2un  Hl<)ti8<tiviirgiiiK  dunnuurd  from  iieliind  inlililli' kF  lipinuiiii  diirmil:  1  under  niiiltllr  air 
KoIX  dorual,  Thori'  are  (-oiToeimniliun  duskj-  marks  on  tln!  tliin,  tliiit  on  soft  iliir->nl  Iwiu); 
a  distini't  bliirkinli  lilotcli.  Tlip  pni.K'etiiii;  [nlicn  of  the  pr«iuaxillurie«>  are  cvidenl  in  (lie 
jrnuui;e«t  iu<livliliiiil».    Fius  and  Aiiiiirt,  iif  lit<a<l  nlioiil.  im  bi  adiillH. 

■'  TliD  rIII  rakors  in  tliU  »|iceicfl  iiri'  B  nr  10  •-  21  to  25.  Tliv  maxilbirj  i«  21  to  2)  in  liisut. 
The  lut<irnrliital  »p»i:r  iit  v<>ry  Kliglilly  itiun.  cUiin  {  evr.  Tho  vrutml  tin*  extoiid  marly 
tu  Vi'Ut.  Pectorals  1|  lu  b&oil.  Then*  in  oouaidurulile  vnri.itinn  in  lhp<lirc<'liun  ol  ttie> 
(ipiicr  |iri«nperoalar  «pini«,  whicli  Hrr,  diri'«t>Ml  iwniiptiinrjt  Ktraieht  forwarrt,  .'^nnit-tiniea 
uliliciunly  forwiird  and  downward.  Lower  preorbital  ftpluo  directed  obU^od^'  Uovs* 
wnnl  and  backward.'' 


Jordan  and  Evermann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     1803 


A\  ill  bftsc  of  likiill,  \  iliiiiiiutor  of  orbit,  iiioiUiriitcly  (Mincave;  '2  t>road 
Jow  ridfreo  over  the  li»r}t<'  iimcmis  catiiiU;  lui^Mulhuioid  prnreMKes  com- 
prosseil,  tbin,  \'ery  littlfl  «lev!it«<l;  ventral  jimcesa  of  liiisisjiheiioid  ruili- 
uioiitarj',  ba»o  of  skull  iiioderatuly  curved.  Gill  rakers  vccy  liirge  and 
tliiok,  roiiiimrtttivL'ly  few  in  niiiuber,  7  im  vurttr^il  limb,  and  14  or  15 
movable  ones  and  siliout  S  tiiben-leH  on  Lorizoiital  limb  of  gill  i»rch.  The 
coi'on.tl  ripinua  nrc  no  incoivHtaiit  funtnro  of  tliin  flp<<<'ii'<i,  abHeiit  nearly  as 
often  as  present.  lu  1  ii|ieciniiMi  u  alight  pruuiueni-e  on  1  aide  indi- 
cates ita  pusitioD.  Uniforni  rud,  li^ht  below;  ii  narrow  bl.-vck  ntreiik 
alon^  edge  of  spinous  dorsfi.1,  the  triuiigiilar  iucisod  jxirtiDnn  (if  aienibraiie 
above  it  whit«:  a  Hiniilnr  mark  botwe*;ii  Bueoud  and  third  aii.ll  spiurH; 
(inn  otbiTwise  nniiuirkiMl;  peritonenni  black;  month  iiivity  wliitr. 
Length  1:.*  inchi'8.  About  the  Snntn  Ilurbaru  iHlands,  in  233  iiud  l.'G7 
fatliotne.     ((Gilbert.)     (<uiiorn,A»,\ya.) 

/trtioftUhlhtft  aurora,  rriuBKBT,  Prou.  U.  S.  Kat.  Mtu.  1800,  HO,  Santa  Barbara  Islands, 
Uit.  33°  js' 30"  N.,  Long.  119041' 31/' W.,  in  aW  fathoms.  (Tj-jm^,  Mo.  482^9.  CoU. 
Albatrou.) 

SibattiMUn  aurora,  Chamsk,  Tnic.  Cal.  Ac.  Sol.,  aeiin  2,  V,  1895,  6M,  pi.  &A,  fi^.  15;  GlLr 
DEBT,  liupl.  i;.  S.  Flifli  Oumm.  ISIKI  (ISMI),  407. 

3205.  HKBAKTODKM  XGMXOKTOJIIH,  KtK«nmiuin  6c  EiKenmiuiD. 

The  original  typi'S  of  this  sjwcios  are  thus  described:  Head  3J  in  total 
lenfftli;  depth  about  3.  D.  XIII,  13i ;  A,  III,  "J;  lateral  line  V.i.  Uody 
aliort  mid  deep:  li«ad  heavy;  month  l.ir^e.  lower  jaw  projectitif;,  maxillary 
reaching  to  below  posterior  border  of  pupil;  tne  very  largo,  orbit  1  in 
snout,  3^  ia  head;  interorbitiil  spue*?  slifijhtly  di-pressed,  4}  in  liead;  pre- 
orbitiil  narrow,  3  in  orbit,  with  au  aoteriur  simple  and  a  ]iosterior  luany- 
poiutcd  spine.  Cranial  spiuest  low  but  distinct,  suuMith,  and  ctvveri'd  with 
skin  to  their  tip;  the  3  ocular,  the  tympanic  and  jiarielal  spines  present; 
opert-ultir  uud  ]ireoperoular  spiiien  lon^,  simple  ;  maxillary,  mauilibh',  pro- 
orbital,  and  snout  scaly;  sealea  of  opercle  nithcr  large;  scales  of  sides  very 
largo,  with  but  few  accessory  ones.  Hill  nik*?rH  (doudcr,  3i  in  orbit. 
IiorKsl  Hpines  all  very  to^^,  the  third  and  fourth  the  highest,  less  than  au 
<n-bital  iliauieter,  the  soft  raya  3  in  head  ;  anal  ft[dnea  graduated,  the  seo- 
oiid  not  uuK'h  more  than  Jr  length  of  soft  rays.  Body  scarlet,  shading  into 
uiaddi'T  brown  or  bhu-'kish  red  above  lateral  line;  tSus  venniliuu,  the  first 
dorsal  with  ita  tiienibrano  narrowly  bluck-edgeil ;  ail  other  lius  more  or 
less  black  on  posterior  half,  the  oanihil  most  so;  head  vermilion,  tinged 
v<ith  black;  inside  of  mouth  and  gill  cavity  almost  wholly  black;  upper 
posterior  portion  of  gill  nicmliraues  black;  a  black  bur  above  upcrcle; 
peritoneurn  black.  Length  about  22  inches.  Point  Loma,  California. 
{iifXit^,  black;  6r6tia,  month,) 

Miatlmiet  iinlaitottomfu,  Eiorvmanm  .it  EiGENMilfir,  Proo.  Cat  Ac.  Sol.,  seriva  2,  ni,  ISSO, 
17.  Point  L/oma,  near  San  Diego,  California.     (C»tl.  C.  H.  Ei);eniuaQii.) 

S2U«.  Si:«.iST«l)KS  l>TKOMflKK  (UillxTt). 

Head  3);  depth  2l(;  eye  3t  to  4  in  head.  D,  XIll,  U;  A.  Ill,  7  or  8;  P. 
18;  lateral  line  3d.  Mouth  large,  the  maxillary  reaching  to  middle  or 
posterior  tbiid  of  oyo,  J  in  head,  ita  groatest  width  i  its  greatest  length. 


1804  Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


Manilihle  protniding,  pntering  profile  in  largo  specimeDS,  les*  promineut 
iu  till'  youug.    Syiiiphyseiil  knol)  prosrrit,  but  not  couspicuouo.     Teeth  on 
jttws,  vomer,  niid   palutiiit's  in  niirrow  bauds.     Eye  large,  loiigi-r  tliau 
BDOiit.     Interurbital  spacti  slightly  coDcave,  with  2  evident  liiii^tndiiial 
ridgm.    Cranial  ridges  8hnrp-od>;e<i  au<l  rnadcrately  elevated,  the  spines  I 
strong.    NosmI,  preocnlur,  Kiipraociilitr,  postncular,   tympiiuic,   corouul, 
purietal,  nnd  michiil  spines  present;  1  or  both  coronal  spines  occasiouAlly 
wanting,     rrenrbital  of  luoiierato  width,  its  anterior  lobe  sotuetiiiies  elid- 
ing in  a  Hpine,  tlie  posterior  with  a  sh.ir])  Apiiiona  edge  bearing  1  to  4  sliMrp  1 
points.     Prcn]»erciiliir  8[iiiie-s  lurgf,  regn];irl\  rudiiitiug,  the  L'  up|)er  ooea  I 
n.i)prosiuii»t<'d  imd  more  .ilcniliT,  the  othern  brniully  triangular,  dirert<><l 
downward  and  backward.     Two  .spines  sonietiiues  present  at  angle  of  sub- 
opercli-;  opercular  siniies  i^onietinieH  donble.     Lower  rim  of  orbit  sonjc- 
tinius  serrntcd.    Gill  rakern  long  and  slender,  the  longest  ^  diameter  of  I 
eyi',  22  or  23  on  Iowit  limb  of  outer  arch.     Spinous  dorsal  rather  low,  the  ' 
twelfth  spine  ^  tbi^  height  of  tb>'  lust,  which  is  j^  head;  the  lougent  spine 
2)  in  hend;  Sfcoud  n.unl  spine  stronger,  but  Hcurcely  longer  than  the  third 
2i  ill  heiid;  p<<ctoi«l  without  thickened  lower  rays,  reaching  to  vent,  \^ 
in  body;  ciiudal  einaininatt".     Scales  large,  nteiioid,  about  HO  tubes  pres- 
ent in  the  liitt-ral  line  ;  small  accessory  scales  numeruns;  all  parts  of  tho 
head,  includiug  cheeks,  mamillary,  inaudible,  branch iost«gaI  rays,  snout, 
and  interorbital  upaoe  covered  with  scales;  giilar  region  scaled;  nil  the 
llns  invested  to  their  tij>s  with  line  scales;   scales  large,  ctenoid;  tins 
scaled.    t'r»niiil  ridges  and  spines  riitbor  low  but  strong;  coronul  and 
nucbttl  spines  pie.sent;  niatidibubir symphysis  ]irontin(<nt,  with  small  sym- 
phyaeal  knob;  i>i'ritonetiii),  month,  and  gill  cavity  black  or  dusky.    Color 
uniforni  bright  red,  chiller  than  in  S.  minininH.     Smaller  spot  iinens  reddish. 
Traces  uf  line  olive-green  bars  on  back  ;  numerous  dark  sjiot'S  along  lateral 
line  ;  a  dark  blotch  on  ojicrclc;  'A  bands  uu  check,  and  a  blotch  in  the  asil 
of  pvictiiral;  uti  the  (ins  edged  with  black,     Several  specimens  were  taken 
in  Bering  Sea  to  the  north  and  west  of  iruala-nkn  Island,  iu  deptlia  of  85 
to  ;150  fathoms.    The  speiics  evidently  lives  at  luiich  greater  depths  than 
does  .s.  tiliitiiK.    The  cranial  ridges  are  well  dovelopeil  and  termuiuto  in 
strong  spines.     I'oronal  spines  are  nsnally  ]irei<ent,  but  may  be  absent  on 
one  or  bihth  sides.     In  bidh  types  of  .v.  inlronii/er,  taken  at  a  depth  of  2li6 
fathoms  iu  the  Santa  Uarltarji  Ohunnel,  Ciilifovuia,  the  coronal  spines  an 
wanting,  but  iia  they  agree  with  uiir  specimens  in  all  other  important 
details  we  make  the  identilication  without  doubt. 
The  following  ebaracterN  are  taken  from  Alaskan  speciineiiB: 
Bones  of  skill-  r.Hthor  thin;  ]>reociilar  spinert  long,  sharp;  snpraocnliLr, 
postoenhir,  and  tympanic  spiucH  broad,  strong;  coronal  spines  small  iu 
Alaskan   spcfinieiiN,   wanting  iu  those  from  California;'    parietal   ridge 
high,  strong,  with  2  spines;  jiarieta!  and  nuchal  produced  by  interrup- 
tion in  parietal  riilge,  which  iu  some  iuNtunees  allows  a  sliglit  tendency  to 
break  u]>  into  a  series  of  sjiines;  tho  other  ridges  lower;  parietal  bones 
well  separuted  or  barely  uniting;  intcrorbital  Hjiaee  4  to  4|  in  base  of  sknll. 
flat;  luesethinoid  processes  somewhat  eoinprcssetl,  with  broad  upper  sor- 


Jordan  and  Evermaun. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1805 


faces,  nrit  eleviiteil ;  veutnil  proiN'Ss  of  li;i«isj)Lciioiil  ruiliiiifiitary  or  a  littlo 
(kivolopod ;  bsisi-  <il"akull  moilcratoly  cuivt>(l  ( less  than  in  SvhiiHtodi*  aurora), 
Pitcitic  t-iioiit  of  Aiiii'rtca,  in  ileep  water,  from  the  Aleutian  iRliknda,  in  85 
to  '330  fjithoins,  to  Snnta  Uarliara  IslaDtlii,  in  21(6  fiitUoma, 

grbnttiehOtyt  intronigtr,-  GlLUEBT,  Proc.  V.  S.  N»t.  Mu«.,  XIII,  1890,  81,  Santa  Barbara 
Island*,  L»t.  33'^  55'  30"  N.,  Long,  itg"  41'  30"  W.,  in  j66  fathoma.     (Coll.  Albairviii.) 
Sfliailodt^  inlroni'jtr,  UlLUGBT,  Kopt-  '-^'  l'i»^-  Coiiim.  1R03  (IgOA),  407. 


I 

I 

I 


Subgenus  SEBASTOMU3.  Ulll. 

nor.  KERANTODEM  RirRKKRlMUM.  Cramer. 

(Kbi>  Xi»Kri8n;  TjiXBon.) 

I!o,k13;  depth  3i;  eyo  4J.  D.  XIII,  14;  A.  111,7;  lateral  lino  abont  5(1. 
Body  oblong,  nittierdecp,  not  much  comprnssed ;  liead  lurge,  Itluut,  iiioiith 
Irtrgf,  maxillary  reacliiiifj  jioarly  t<>  i>osterior  edge  of  <'y*\  it-*  length  i 
tbivt  of  liearl;  preiimxilliiry  on  level  of  lower  (-dge  of  pnpil;  lower  jaw  a 
little  proji^rting,  tlio  syniphyaeitl  kunl>  slight;  iiitcrnrbitiil  Bpa<"'0  coarsely 
Bfalod,  with  '2  sliijbt  ridges  anteriorly.  Preorhitnl  witle;  pwoperenlar 
6pine!9  briiad,  ii.'iii:illy  divided,  the  third  mnltiii<"d.  Scalea  «i)  h'ad  rongb; 
jaws  naked  ;  Hnhorlntftl  stay  wr-ak.  Gill  rakers  short,  clavate,  the  longest 
i  eye.  Scales  on  Imily  rnngli;  arcessory  scales  nninerons;  pectoral  aliort, 
liroad,  it^  leiigtii  4  iu  body;  domal  Bpinoti  HtDiit,  rather  low,  the  flu  not 
deeply  notched,  the  longest  spine  al>uiii  its  ln<ih  im  the  soft  rays.  2A  in  heail ; 
caudal  tniiieate;  »ol't  fins  acaly  ;  Beeoinl  anal  spine  little  Htronger  or  longer 
than  third,  J  height  of  soft  rays,  2j  in  head.  Skull  of  largo  adiilt:  Koiles 
thick,  spongy,  cranial  ridgew  well  develuped,  entirely  broken  up  into 
apiiics  and  tiibereles,  parii'tal  bonea  widely  «opariited,  iuterorbitivl  space 
flat  (a  oompresswl  longitudinal  ridge  above  niiicoa.H  canals  on  frontals)) 
slightly  more  tliati  4  in  base  of  skull;  ventral  process  of  basispfieuoid 
mdinientary,  niesethniuid  processes  Ktroug,  compressed,  not  otovated,  base 
of  ftkn II  straight.  Skull  of  young:  Ridges  well  doveloppil.  sharp,  not  at 
all  Borrated:  prcoetilar,  supraocular,  postocnlar,  tympaiite,  and  parietal 
apines  ail  jirosont,  sharp;  interorJ>ital  space  deeply  eoncavo,  C^  in  base  of 
skull;  ventral  process  of  basisphenuid  partly  developed,  tnescthiitoid  pro- 
o«««»  elevated.  Color,  clear  deep  veriniliou  red,  paler  below;  a  narrow 
undnlatiug  whitish  streak  along  the  sides,  from  the  eye  to  above  the  base 
of  the  anal,  and  another  along  the  lateral  line;  these  indistinct  in  the 


•  Tliia  BjM*(e!4  ha>*  boon  idf^ittitl^tl  with  S.  fn<*/on«J»/»mti*,  Klj^ennmnn.  by  ^'ramer  anil  by 
•ToiiIho  &  Kvumiaiiii.  Tim  ly|ien  nf  llio  two  bnvo  not  Iwen  roiii|iMre(),  ii:iil  tlie  •li'Scriptiati 
i»f  .s'.  tnelauottoiiius  fiiWa  to  ft^rco  in  so  many  dotaila  witli  Hn«<'i[neiiA  nf  .s'.  intronifffr  ttiat 
it  nr«nw  lii'nt  le  krH-[i  till'  t  wn  apart.  S,  intrmtujtr  liiia  tlie  m-iul  birgir.  SJ  iii  Inltti  Icnirtli. 
Tim  intercirlillHl  s|m<M'  in  uiirruwer,  5)  In  leuclli  of  bead.  The  mulex  ;ire  Urjjer,  III  lu  lliu 
c.mir«f  of  t.ho  luipral  lino.  'I'lie  B<'e»!Mory  •rnlen  itic  vprv  nuiiicr'Hii.  The  gil\  roller*  an< 
murli  !nii^(<r.  ttie  !on;;i'7it  cont-aineil  '2\  to  24  lltnen  in  tliu  ilbiinflterof  tbeorbil.  TliuHoeeod 
and  third  aiiul  ii]iinei4  an*  (Mpiiil,  rir  thn  neconil  alightlv  tbfr  lnn|;er,  (^ouliiitirfl  1|  tinieH  in 
ionsnit  iiniil  TAv.  In  S.  mflanoiilomuf  tho  head  1»  31  in  totnl  length.  Thert<  are  4:i  ftrnlea 
in  ilie  lAtt-tnl  line,  iiiiil  Inil.  few  ac<i  KHnrv  HcaleK.  i  he  (.'ill  rukerM  nre  eontiunc^l  !U  linica 
lu  Iho  (linineUr  nf  tirliit.  and  tlie  ann!  Rplnes  aro  rrailiiatptl.  tbw  seenni]  •'nut  muefi  innrii 
than  ^  the  len^lli  of  the  auft  niy*."  Tvro  MpiM'linenH  of  .*»'.  iutrmiijifr,  30  cm.  and  41  *Tn. 
liiug.  entirely  ap-ce  in  thr  riw(HM-tH  alKire  inentioued.  IHiu  Uiditfiujcoa  alleged  Ui  aoparat^ 
the  two  Hpecies  can  not,  therefore,  bo  due  to  ago.     lUilbert.) 


18Q6  Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum, 


ttdnlt:  faint  dnsky  sbadps  rndinting  from  eye:  fins  red,  soft  fins  always 
liii'gely  bliickiflli  at  tiji,  «apeciiilly  in  young;  yoaiig  more  distinctly  tuarkiNl 
tliiin  adults,  which  :\sm  iiuarly  jiluin  hrick  red  ;  periUiiuMini  white.  Length 
3(Mrii  I1C8.  I'siciliiT  Ciiant  of  tli«  IJiiitcd  Stiit«8,  I'roiu  Sun  Diepo  to  I'ligrt 
Sound;  (iHi)ndniit;  renche.'^  :■  larger  size  than  nuy  of  the  other  •{lecic*. 
e\cu|>t  jKiHsibly  •Stlnislodtii  puuciiti>ini»;  uu  important  food-lisL.  varyinjc 
iiiucfa  with  jige,     (rubfrrimm,  very  red.) 

flebattndr4  nidcr,  JoBOA.N  &  GiMlKBT,  BynnpBlii,  Oft'i,  IHftI  (not  of  AyukS),  niul  of  Ute 

HrliiutiHta  nihrrrimii;  CRAMRB,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sbl.,  iterieii  2,  V.ISK,  587,  pla.  03,  C3,  aoi]  Kl. 
Monterey  Bay,  Califoraia,    <OoU.  Cramor.) 


SflON.  8EBAKT0DEN  CilX.STKLLATrS  (JonUu  it  Gilbert). 

ISivrrTED  KonKFUn.) 

n6ad2J;  depth  2J.  D.  XIII.  13;  A.  Ill,  6;  lateral  line  53.  Hody  robust., 
heiivy  forwunl,  taptriiig  into  a  blonder  caitdul  ])eiliincle;  head  rather 
pointed  in  inolVle;  mouth  lar^e,  oblii|ne,  lower  jaw  slightly  projectiag 
beyond  eraari^^iiiiitrd  tip  nf  ii]i]>i>r  Jaw,  a  small  knob  at  the  BymphysiB; 
luaxilliiry  very  bro.id,  extending  beyond  pupil,  its  middle  part  with  many 
aiuall  scales,  its  k-in^th  12  in  head ;  iireniaxillary  in  front  just  below  the  lercl 
of  the  eyi';  mandible  almost  entirely  covered  with  xiuall  rough  sciiles; 
muzzle  iiuil  ]irporbitj«l  Hfaled  to  tipof  snont;  heail  densely  covere<l  with 
stiiatl  Mi'iibw.  rr(>operr'l»>  with  iu  ai'coiulHpino  long  and  sharp;  prcorbital 
widL%  its  fdgc  ]ol>c<l.  Kye  Inr^re,  1  in  head.  Gill  rakers  short,  clavnle, 
tlio  longest  "f  tlu'in  about  i  t'l"  diameter  of  eye.  Scales  strongly  ctenoid, 
tho  iiL-eeMSory  sralo«  larg«'ly  dovclitped  Dorsal  xpines  ^ath)^r  strong  an<l 
low,  (he  fonrth  morf  than  i  tbi'  length  of  lipa<l,  the  liu  rather  deeply 
emarginate;  soft  clorttiil  ratlicr  low,  abotit  as  high  :is  seciind  anal  spine,  2} 
in  head,  robust,  cnrveil,  rousiderably  longer  than  tho  third  or  soft  rays; 
caudal  slightly  oinarginatc;  pectorals  rather  narrow,  reaching  beyond 
▼entrals,  about  to  vent,  tlii^ir  li'iigth  jf  that  of  head.  Sknll  long,  the  bones 
moderately  thick,  the  prtMicular,  atipra.oculur,  poatociilar,  tymp.anic,  and 
parietal  spines  present,  broad  at  ba^e,  moderatpely  thick  and  sharp,  the 
ridges  strong,  high,  the  parietal  ridges  curved,  with  a  slight  tendency  to 
become  serrate  and  develop  small  Hpiuos ;  parietal  bones  widely  separate*!, 
interorbital  space  narrow,  it  iu  base  of  skull,  deeply  concare,  the  snpra- 
oenlar  ridges  very  high,  and  a  deep  depression  between  the  ridges  over 
niui'oiis  rimals;  ventral  pr<>i'u*»  of  biuiisphonoid  strongly  developed,  nies- 
ethmoid  prr)ceKHOrt  t'ou)i>resHed,  thick,  elevated;  base  of  skull  straight. 
Orange  red;  b.ick  olive  shaded;  bollj-  yellowish;  cheeks  with  red  and 
ytdlowish  wluidea:  liend  and  body  everywhere  (d<isely  covered  with  small 
roundish  piiln  Bpotn;  spots  iitmve  light-roi**'  color ;  below  larvccr  and  nearly 
white;  4  or  fi  roundish  roHO-e()lored  blotcficH  on  b.ick,  besides  sonic  ntnt- 
(lings  of  giioii.-ir  shade;  thi-  hmt  spot,  often  obscure,  under  tho  fourth 
dorsal  spine,  tho  next  near  ttio  luterul  line  under  the  eighth  dorsal  8i>iu<9, 
tlie  thinl  close  tn  junction  of  JJie  two  parts  of  dorsal;  the  fourth  under 
end  of  soft  dorsal;  a  fifth  sometimes  near  base  of  eighth  dorsal  spimt; 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fiihes  of  North  America.     1807 


opercular  tinp  with  a  rosy  spot;  Aus  light  rcildisli ;  dorsal  speckled  at  base 
with  li^rbt  fttiil  dark;  |)crit4>iieutti  wliite.  Iw«n};th  15  iiiches.  Couol  of 
('aliluruiu,  Sati  I>i<-gii  to  San  KranciHro;  abiindiiiit  in  rutbor  deep  water, 
espeinully  aoiitbward  ;  »  brillinutly  eulorud  tii«fa,  one  of  tho  buuU»omL'8t  of 
tbiaHbowy  group.     (ooiia(clIalii«,  atarred. ) 

/irlxtitieliOkUM   eunttrttaluM.  JoitliAK  Si   (^ILHEBT.  rrac.  U.  S.  Xal.  MiiB.  1880,  2B5,  Santa 

Barbara  Channel;  San  Francisco.     iTypr.  Xn.  209(13.    Coll.  JoTiInn  &  Oliborl.) 
Stlxutodet  cotuUUaiiu.JciUDMi  6c  rill-nBRT,  Syui>[>al«,  ttOti,  18K1. 

3:!«».  SeBA§TO»EM  VXBKUKI'S  (Jordan  &.  Qlllwrt). 

HoimISH;  depth2};  Aye  lAtgo,  4  in  bead.  D.  XIII.  12;  A.  Ill,  6;  lateral 
linii  40  I  tuboD).  Gcavral  fonn  of  SrhastodtK  cQKtU'lhtHg.  Month  luoduriite, 
oblir|iic>.  lower  jaw  si'arcoly  projecting,  ita  tip  littiu);  into  tht>  emitrgiiiate 
tip  of  nppcrjaw;  iimxillary  2  in  bead,  reiicliiug  posterior  margin  of  pupil; 
earh  jaw  witti  Hiiiall,  siiioolhinh  scales.  Cranial  ridgits  rather  tibarp,  tower 
than  ill  S.foiinlilltiliif;  preocniar,  supraocular,  posloeular,  tyiupanic,  and 
parietal  spiues  present;  internrbttiil  area  concave,  with  2  prominent 
ti<l^es,  tho  region  luiich  broailiM-  than  in  S.  coiuiU-Ualuii,  }  width  of  eye; 
8Mpr:iocular  ridge  low,  its  si)ine  smaller  than  tynipauic  spine;  |ireo«ulur 
spini' prominent;  preopercnlar  spines  all  acuU*;  preorbital  narrow,  with 
2  spines.  Gill  rakers  rather  lonj(  and  slender,  tho  longest  about  ^  eye. 
Seules  moderate,  with  many  accessory  sciilos.  Domal  rather  low,  deeply 
einarginate;  fourth  spine  fl<inal  to  soft  rays,  about  i  heail;  soft  dorsal 
longer  than  high;  secoml  anal  spine  large,  2i  in  bend;  caudal  slightly 
omargiuiUe;  pvet<^iral  not  reaching  vent.  3}  in  body.  Light  orange,  over- 
laid evci-ywhi^re  with  Idackisb,  the  latter  color  forming  on  lower  part  of 
sid''S  retienlations  iu  tine  pnttoru,  tho  renters  of  scales  being  paler  than 
edges;  sides  oC  head  with  dusky  shades;  sides  of  hack  with  some  large 
areas  of  Idackish;  upper  parts  with  5  large  ronndetl  blotches  of  piuk 
washed  with  orange,  the.^e  blotches  arranged  aa  in  S.  coH»tellaUt»,  bnt 
larger,  less  sharply  defined,  and  of  a  different  hne;  the  second  blotch  with 
a  Binaller  one  above  it;  a  rosy  spot  on  opercular  tlap;  li us  pale  orange, 
shaded  with  diinky.  Length  about  IH  inches.  C'oa.-<t  of  Califumia  from 
Point  Coucepeion  to  Corouudo  Inlands;  scarce,     (umbroiui,  shady.) 

t(rbaMticJith!i$  uinbronu,  JuaiiAM  A  UlLBurr,  Pror.  0.  S.  Nst  Mii».  1H82,  410,  Santa  Robs 
Island,  oflf  Santa  Bsrbars,  Cailfornia.    (Tyres,  Nos.  3114V  and  31141.    CuU.  Audrca 

Stb€Uiodf»  arrmu,'   KinttniAjrH  k  EniKXMAxrN,  rroc.   Cul.  Ao.   Sci.   IStO.  So,  Coronado 

Islands  (.Sail  IHtg^'  inarki>l.>.    <(Joli.  C.  H,  Ki|!«iimBnu.) 
Srtta»loiltiumhrot<ii,3i>MiAti  &  GiLBKMT,  S;D<(|>si*,  050,  1883. 


*  Stbann,lntrrrutl»thn»i\eMT\br'\:  Head  31  tnJl:  d«p»> ''<)*^3'     D.  XIII,  12^  tnl.l:  A. 

ri'   "^    I  <•"'  -I  <    /i„i,','.,i  17  If,  ill      s|iRp<<af  Srhatlvdri  riitiifrvi.    Jikws  i<<|iia1.  mamillary 
I  '  tiaii  2  in  lii^nil.     I'ri'iirbiU-tl  uarron  ,  wiili  ;t  lliit  npttieS  ; 

iijliil      CrnnittI  rldirnn  hiih  unil  imrrnw.  liTinlniillng 

,,  M.i.i,..  hI  .,   I  .  ,i,,,i,ij I  iM'i'l|il(al  Hpiiivii:  liilrr' 

,.  illfc'ii.     MutlUury  uDd 

I  'lull  ■pilin  little  liinjcer 

II : .  ■■••1 111,.,  ..i„it. 

uMirLniii  wii  I  lii; 

■ildr*  Ix'liiw  I  1 1 110 

Cniiiiul  o<ilor      I -I -I ' •     ,--...,....    ;....;...,,;.-- u  or 

(1111  |ilr.    poMierinr   i»'krt  ol    lAlmii    Iiiim  tiliik;  «iitrj<  III  liiMui   Ivroiicfl*  (witii  |iiiilii.  Hiiowiiig 
liiiiiii^li)  with  HU  ill-duUnvil  stroak  luivkwanl  Iroui  iipp«<rntif;lv  of  oyr;  a  bsltt  ^iiik  a|rat 


18UH  Bulictin  4.J,  United  States  National  Museum, 

8SIO.  KRBASTODEN  ROKICEDS  (GlTArd). 

(COBSAIB.) 

lleiMl  2\\  ilepth  3;  cyo  very  large,  3i  in  heaa.  I).  XIII.  13;  A.  Ill,  6; 
lateral  liiie-lH.  Hoily  oMoiig,  little  elevated;  head  riitli<T  pointed  ;  month 
iuoder»ti«,  thojiiwg  alioiit  e()uai,  the  lower  with  a  small  knob;  tnaxillary 
not  nuichiujj:  postorior  border  of  (\ve,  its  leutfth  2  in  head;  premaxillarius 
btdow  tlie  <>rl>it.  Maxillary  and  preorbitul  partly  opaIwI;  mandible  and 
snout  naked;  prvoperciiliir  H]iineH  short.  Oil!  rakers  modtTate,  lonK<?r 
than  ill  S.  co^»ie\U\iu»,  not  claviite.  Soiiles  moderate,  the  accossory  ones 
namerous,  Dorsal  spiiK'S  nitber  low  iiiul  Ntrotig,  the  lonrtb  \  the  length 
of  the  lietid,  about  u8  biKh  ii»  the  soft  ruy^<,  the  tin  rather  deeply  eniar^- 
unt<.';  r:iait:tl  Kti^lidy  uoti-hcd;  iltial  nitbnr  low,  with  tlie  second  apiue 
curved,  'l^  in  heud,  miu^li  lougur  :Mid  ation^vr  tliuii  tliinl,  sbortiT  than 
the  Hoft  ray»;  pectonil  liua  iuodt<ratu,  rcachiu};  beyoud  tips  of  vontralH, 
past  the  vent,  ^1  iu  body.  Hones  of  skull  thin;  preoculivr,  flupraooulur, 
postocnlur,  tympanie.  aud  parietal  apineB  prouent,  slender,  sharp,  th« 
ridges  thin,  rather  hi;;h,  parietal  bonus  well  separated ;  iut«rorbitul  apace 
narrow,  5ji  iu  Iniee  of  skull,  concave,  with  li  sninll  ridges  over  mucous 
oaoals;  ventral  process  of  basisplienoid  well  developed;  mescthmoid 
proeeosev  oomprostied,  strongly  elevat-od  (nt  an  angle  of  uboiit  45  > ;  base 
of  skull  very  nearly  straight.  Kright  orange  red,  the  young  strongly 
tinged  or  mottled  with  golden  yellow;  back  with  4  pale  8pot«,  arraugeil 
precisely  oti  in  a.  comUUaUa,  rhifdvvlilorit,  and  chlorottietun;  these  alwayn 
very  distiuct,  of  n  rose-pink  ctdnr,  or  Hamotime«  alnioMt  white;  the  darker 
border  luouud  them  is  of  a  doc-p  purple  or  blood  color,  never  greenish ;  lina 
roay,  mottleil  with  ur:inge;  head  with  radiating  atripee  of  orange  and 
rosy;  iiiipe  with  alternating  burs  of  yellowish  and  deep  rod,  the  oolor« 
blending;  no  decided  groeu,  and  no  small  pink  spots  anywhere;  perito- 
tieaoi  blackiiib.  Leti;;tti  12  liichea.  Coaet  of  California,  San  Diego  to 
San  Francisco,  in  rather  deep  water;  theniost  nbundantof  the  red  speoiee, 
aud  one  of  the  tstuulleat;  eoloratiou  very  brilliiiut.     (rotucvmi,  rosy.) 

Sebarirt  rotaeruf.  Oibabd,  T'rflC.  Ar.  Ka(.  Sci.  rblln.,  vn,  1854,  US,  mill  in  U.  K.  Pac.  R  R. 

SuTT.,  X,  Kbhea,  70,  pi.  21.  I8&8  (poor  fleare,  from  s  ipecimea  in  biul  enudltion>,  San 

Diego;  San  Francisco  (Coll.  A.  Caiuiidy  and  Dr.  Newberry);  G(t!<TRKH,  ('at., n,  W. 
gtbtutai  helvutiKttulnlii;  AyBHa, Froo.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.,  a.  IBSV.  26,  f.  B.  San  Praociaco.    (Coll. 

W.U.  Ayrm.) 
Stbatlod*!  roKtuut,  Jorda.s  &  Oilbsbt,  SynopsU,  090, 1883;  CsAiiBa,  Proe.  Cat.  Ae.  fid., 

•oriea  2,  v,  189e,  608,  pi.  (U.  Ilg.  20. 

SSll.  KKBASTODES  ATRE8II,  Gilbert  &  Cnunpr. 

Head  2^;  depth  21-  D.  XIII,  13;  A.  IU,  6;  laternl  line  (pores)  42  U\  44; 
trau8\'erse  rows  of  scales  43.  Very  closely  roliitcd  t^  Srimttodtt  rouMfeiu, 
bat  the  supraorbital  ridge  tower,  thicker,  and  witlioat  B]iino.    Body  oblong. 


on  nptver  auffl«  of  Kill  openlnj;:  head  below  orbit  pink,  Trith  bronze  bar  throngb  rb<>ek  ■, 
niaxitlar!  pmk.  wUb  a  modlau  bronxeatreak:  m<tniliran(>»  •>)'  ninillUri*-"  cbleflr  bronii-; 
lowrntnrfuor  of  head  roae  ooloretl;  breaat  yt'llowitib  pink,  ulMl«iii«n  nearly  wfiitc,  arra 
alwTc  anal  yoUowlsb :  dorxal  light  binlah  pluK,  oloudeil  witli  brouz«.  Ilio  raya  of  all  the 
Other  liii*  pink,  th«  mcmbrauvs  bruuie.  Length  about  11  incbea.  Cormiado  Islands. 
(anviM.  bruaze.j 


not  ranch  elevnted,  its  width  Abont  2  in  ita  depth.  rJrhit  Inrge,  3^  in  head ; 
Buuiit  about  H  ia  orbit.  Interorbitiil  nyaco  concave,  2  iu  orbit,  with  n 
mi^diiin  ^^roovtj  bordured  liy  :>  piur  of  ridut-B  diveruin;;  backward,  Crainal 
ridmts  well  developed,  th«<  prewuliir,  pogtoiular,  lyiDp.'tiiic,  iind  pivriutiil 
KpiiicB  pre8<<nt,  Mliarp.  Month  modorate,  j.iwa  aUoiit  oijiiai,  m.-ixillurj 
:ibout  2^  in  houd,  remhiuy  to  vertical  from  posterior  liorder  of  ptipil;  tlio 
lower  jaw  witb  u  mnull  syinphyHoal  knolk.  Thi-  upp<'r  preopercular  spinea 
nearly  <'iiiial,  Kkiarp  iiud  Iouk,  tliv  third  wliartcr  and  broafl;  lower  opcr- 
i-iil;>r  spine  horiKontiil.  the  np])er  larger  luid  dirert«d  hoiiifwhut  «i])war<l. 
CliU  rakrr*  iiiodt^riito.  the  lonni-st  ubout  3  in  orbit,  21  ou  imrizontiil  limb  «f 
(IrHt  arch.  Si-alea  inodi^rah-,  ctenoid,  accessory  hcoIivs  ntmiorotiH,  maiulible) 
uakeil;  intiTorbital  gprti  p,  preorbitals,  tniixiltarieH,  the  rays  of  thv  dornal, 
anal  nnd  r-nuilal  lia.'i.  iiud  tlio  nindiiiii  rayxof  tli«  pxctorals  sealy.  Fourth 
dorNal  ray  Ion);e»t^  about  2>  in  bead,  the  twidfth  abont  2i  in  ilif!  foitrth, 
the  dorsal  rays  ahortiT  tbnu  tli«  loii^Lwt  spiur-N;  second  anal  Hpiiie  much 
toU).,'<3r  auil  tttron^'i-r  than  third,  about  L'  in  hi^ad,  the  rays  ei|ual  to  the  sec- 
ond Hpiti«;  caudal  slightly  eu)arf;inati>:  pectoralb  modi'rafc,  rc.i«liiiig  a 
littl©  beyond  vent,  tlie  niediau  riiyn  louKest,  3^  in  len)rth  of  body,  base  of 
lin  a  little  less  than  orbit,  tbu  7  lower  rayN  »iuple,  uouiewhat  thick- 
ened; veiktral  rays  rivarhiii^'  vent.  Color  in  ali-ob<i),  like  .S'.  iotairu»; 
dark  brownish  above,  pakn-  below;  a  small  pule  pitikinh  xpnt  tiiiniediately 
under  baae  of  foitrth  dorsal  npine,  and  anotber  funiall  one  iiiin)<>diat«ly 
uiMlur  bitsw  of  ei;;hth  spiuL';  it  third  larjjer  spot  jii»t  above  lateral  line  and 
under  the  ninth  HpluLi;  a,  fourth  H[>ut  tiiiiiiediately  under  thr:-  first,  and  a 
Wfth  under  tlie  last  dorsal  niyw;  peritoueiini  dork  brown,  speek led  with 
bliii-k  dots.  UistiUfjLiished  from  .Sr&rts(rtrfr«  rotai'mx  by  the  absuQce  of  the 
Hupraoiiilai  spine.  Lennth  9  iuehet*.  Coiistof  California.  Onii specimen 
taken  on  a  tniwl  line  at  Corte/.  lianks,  tie.ir  Sati  l)iej;o.  (Named  for  the 
late  Dr.  William  O.  Ayres,  of  tjun  FraneJHno,  an  excellent  naturalist,  one 
of  the  pioneorH  in  the  ntudy  of  thi'  fauna  of  Califoraia.) 

Hthatlmlet  ayreMi,  Gll.nGRT  Si  Cn AMKM,  Prm^.  t°.  S.  Kat.  Mun.  1399, 450,  Cortei  Banks,  near 
San  Diego,    (Type,  No,<77«.     Cn\\.AU,mrn,$.) 


SilS.  KEBASTIIDKS  KIKIillUCllMIRIN  (.Tnnlail  A:  Ullbort). 
(Flvkish.) 

Head  2\\  depth  3.  D.  XIII,  M ;  A.  Ill,  G;  lateral  lino  58,  the  acooBSory 
scales  vt<ry  minterouB,  Body  oblou^.  uiorcolonf^ate  than  in  related  sjiecies; 
maxillary  iijr  i"  head,  reaching  beyond  pupil;  jaws  abont  equal;  pro- 
orbital  narrow.  Eye  very  large,  3i  iu  head,  I'rcoporonlar  spines  long. 
Ciill  rakers  as  in  N.  ronactHii ;  niiUkdiblo  Auely  Hcaled  near  the  base.  Dorsal 
Itn  niuderately  eniarginato,  lower  than  in  ronmritt,  longe»t  spine  nearly  3 
ill  head,  Hoft  dornal  as  high  UH  ><pinea;  caudal  Hll<;hlly  notched;  second 
anal  spine  longer  than  in  any  other  species,  longer  than  maxillary,  b)>:her 
than  soft  rays,  j  length  of  head;  pectoral  rcachinjr  past  ventralw,  nearly 
to  anal,  3}  in  body,  tSkall  long  and  narrow,  the  bones  thin;  itreoeular, 
snpraoonlar,  poatocnlar,  tyrnpanie,  and  parietal  spines  present,  long, 
Hiender,  sharp,  the  ridges  thin,  high,  jiarietal  bonus  well  separated,  inter- 


1810         BulkHn  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 

orbital  Biiace  narrow,  6  in  baHeof  nkn]),  lem  than  length  of  sapnMMsalwr 
rid^f,  dct^ply  concave,  tbe  8iiiiraociilar  ridgos  high  »X  the  sides  and  a  do«p 
deprcsHidti  luHwecn  tho  ridgexover  the  iiiucoub  oanala;  ventral  proccAs  (if 
)>u8i8phenoui  well  dpvolojx^d;  nu-Ht-tbinoid  proceosee  compre.s.>)e<l,  tbiu, 
elevattil,  but  not  a.s  strongly-  un  itk  Mmntodf*  rotnicfus ;  baac  nf  skull 
Htraight.  Uright,  rlear  rose-red,  without  trace  of  purplish;  regiou  »»l»ove 
Iut4!rul  line  with  miu^h  deep  greeu  in  tbu  form  of  reticalutiog  streaka; 
below  littoral  line  the  yjrcen  givca  pliiccs  to  bright  goldea  yellow  siniilnrly 
mixed  with  rud ;  top  of  head  with  itosh  bauda  of  green  and  red;  gr«4'n 
atreaka  riidiatiiig  from  the  eye;  4  bright  pale  ]iink  spots  on  sides  of  buck, 
arranged  jtrecisely  as  in  roaiicem,  <oH»trllalui,  and  chloronlictuii,  the  color 
brighter  tbiiu  in  these,  mirroiMided  by  riugw  of  green,  without  any  trace  of 
purpliHh  Hhadiug;  a  pink  operciilur  spot;  a  palo  area  Itehtud  eyu;  tins  all 
with  tht^  rays  red,  the  menibraues  olive  or  golden;  peritouenui  dusky. 
Length  12  inches.  Off  Monterey  and  San  Francisco,  iu  deep  water; 
rare.    (fjoSor,  rose;  ;i;A<ij/jo5.  green.) 

Stbaiiiekthi/t  rhodoehlofU.  JoBDAN  &  GILBERT,  Proc.  IT.  S.Kftt.Mui^  1880,  U4,  Monterey 

Bay,  California.     (Ty|w,  Xo.  2«!Hr7.    Coll.  Ji)ri1uii  .V  Gilbert.) 
Stbaitude*  rhodochlorit,  Jordan  &.  Gu^krt,  Syuopsi«,  697,  1883, 

SSIt.  8KBASTQDES  KOM,  Eis«i]iiianu  i:  Etgvomuui. 

Head  2J  (3  to  3^  in  t-otal  leugtii);  depth  3  (3*  to  31).  D.  XIII.  l.'Jf ;  A. 
Ill,  l>^ ;  lateral  linii.ST.  Hndy  oltlong.  Luwor  jaw  included,  itasyniphy^cal 
knob  strong;  ninxiltary  reoeliing  beyond  eye,  2  in  head.  Orbit  1  in  snout, 
lttt5«<  morn  thiin  I  tiuie-^  in  head,  greater  than  interorbital  width.  Inter- 
orbital  deeply  cnuci»vi>,  gruov  ed  tiiediully,  ."i4  in  head.  Cranial  ridges  vory 
high  niicl  iiurrow,  ending  in  pruniitH'nt  spines;  preocular,  snpranrulor, 
and  tyuipiinir  spines  directeii  outward  and  liarkwiird;  postocniar  npward 
and  backward;  oreipital  ridges  in  largoKt  spefiiiieiiM  <i  nmi.  high,  the  re- 
gion between  them  depressed;  opercular  luid  preo]ir'rcnlar  opines  long  anil 
strong.  Preorbitid  little  les.s  than  i  width  of  orbit,  with  »  single,  tlat, 
ilownward  directf<l  Hpine  at  its  po.steriur  angle,  (iill  rukerH  all  short,  the 
longest  J  orbital  di.inieter.  Mandible,  maxillary,  and  Huunt,  except  a 
median  triangular  flpot,  scaly ;  accessory  sruh's  very  numerous  on  cheeka 
and  oporeles.  SpiuuuHilorsal  deeply  incised,  the  menilirauo  of  lifth  H])ine 
meeting  sixth  »pine  near  its  l:a.iiil  fourth,  less  decjdy  incised  in  sninllor 
specimens.  liigLiest  spine  2  to  2}  in  head;  highcHt  dorsal  ray  2}  to  3  in 
head;  second  amil  spine  2}  to  3  in  hend;  highest  anal  ray  2jt  to  21);  pei:- 
torals  reaching  to  twelfth  dorsal  i<|>iiie,  '1}  to  .^>  in  total  length.  Color 
mArksnll  having  a  washed  or  faded  apiiniirance;  body  and  head  inteuKO 
rose  pink;  buck  and  dorsul  tin  indistineily  marked  with  raw  sienna;  Una 
colored  like  body;  3  pink  sjiuts.  [  liclow  origin  of  soft  dovsjil,  1  below  ita 
end.  and  lubovelatt^ral  line  liolnw  iiiutli  dcir>«al  spine;  nieuibranes  betwcoa 
luaxillariea  satuni  red;  pcritoncnui  imitectfy  white,  or  tuore  or  leas  dusky. 
Length  abo)it  22  iiichei*.  Coast  of  sonthi'in  Culiloruia,  I'oint  Lonia,  Han 
Diego,  in  KJO  fathom.'*.     (Kigcuinann  &  Kigenniann.)     (7015,  dawn.) 

Mnutottft  roi,  KinaXMANN  it  EKueNXANii,  Proe.  Cal.  Ac  SoL  ISOu,  18,  Point  Loma,  sear  Sao 
OiCEO.    (Coli,C.U.EIgcDiuaiiii.| 


* 


* 


3914.  REBAiKTODES  (ilLLI,  Ei)^nuuDn  A.  Eiginmann. 

Head  3  (3i  to  tip  of  candal) ;  deptli  3  (34).  1).  XIII.  VM  ;  A.  Ill,  T^j  lat- 
eral litif  (porefl)  11  itr  4">.  Bntnit  vciy  hroad,  lilinit.  Mouth  very  obliijtie, 
tho  preniaxillary  (in  a  level  with  superior  fd^'o  ofpiipil.  Drliit  1  in  »uout, 
4Ho't^  in  head,  ii  little  tfroater  tban  inttTorbitul ;  iuterorbital  neiirly  evenly 
concavp,  tlio  median  groovci  shullow^  lower  jiiw  prdjuctinj;  and  enteriti); 
protile,  without  syniphyseal  knob;  prcilile  nearly  straight  to  ori;{inof  dor- 
siil  tin,  not  Btevp;  iimxilliiry  reiioLiuj;  jioBterior  ed>;n  of  pupil,  'J:  in  bend; 
preoeiilur,  anpriuiruliir,  poHtociilur,  <it:cipit:il,  and  nnclial  Hpine»  sharp; 
the  first  1  vnry  Mhorl  and  Itrosid,  tho  supriiocular  «piui!  itbniit  2J  in 
interoridtiil ;  nci-ipitsil  epinos  very  high  and  stout;  nvirhal  npinoH  almost 
('(intiuunuH  with  nrcipilal ;  opeionlar  ami  prcnpercnlar  opinoa  long  and 
strong,  the  ;i  «iii><Tii>r  iirenpeniilar  conical,  direotwl  backward,  the  other 
'J  llat.  triangnlar.  <b>wtnv:ird  and  backward;  prcorldtal  with  a  sharjt,  Hiib- 
conical  aiit<'rinr  spine,  atid  toruiiiiating  posteriorly  in  a  Hitnilar  but  larf^pr 
Hpine;  muxiflary  with  a  iVvw  BCBle,s  mipwiorly  on  it><  moiliau  third;  inter- 
maxillary liitnd  nf  tet'th  sliallnw  in  front,  5  in  orbit;  snont  either  naked 
or  with  II  few  Bcatt«red  patcbi>8  of  ncalcg;  mandible  entirely  tuikod. 
iScftlM  atr(HigIy  ctenoid;  accessory  scales  very  iiiimeroitR  everywhere, 
eeperially  HO  on  cheeks;  scales  of  h<>acl  slightly  I'iliiit*.  depressed;  inom- 
branes  of  i^nft  dorsal  and  anal  with  iniuntc  scales  on  basal  hitll'  of  tins;  a 
few  scales  basally  on  8]nn(ius  dorsal.  Vomerine  teeth  in  a  V-shaped  patch: 
jmlatiiie  band  of  tt*tb  short,  4  in  nrbit.  Gill  rakers  very  abort,  i  to  i 
nrhititl  diameter,  it-|-17  or  IX,  Spinous  dorsal  low,  tho  highest  spine  2if  l^i 
'2i  in  head,  the  tin  deeply  notched,  tlx'  highest  ray  ahiint  ei{i];tl  to  bi};hest 
spine;  caudal  trnnente;  weeond  anal  stouter  and  abont  as  long  uis  third. 
Uncc'il  and  opercular  iraviticH  anil  peritoneniu  white,  sparsely  (lotted  with 
black;  ventral  surface  light  geriuiinni  red,  sha^iiug  into  scarlet  on  tail; 
doi'sal  siirCace  rather  chisely  r-irveri-d  with  siiiall  bronr.c,  roundish  spots, 
which  i>xteitd  npnn  the  niembraiie  of  soft  dorsal  Jin  and  a  few  on  spinous 
dorsal ;  series  of  conlliieut  bron/.e  spots  fonniug  radiating  streaks  or  biiiids 
on  siiles  of  liead,  1  ovtetiding  from  eye  to  upper  angle  of  gill  opctiing,  1 
to  tip  of  lower  opercnlur  spine  which  is  contiuoed  upon  the  shoulder  us  n 
conepiciioiiN  blotch,  1  to  lower  atiglo  of  opercle,  1  downward  nud  slightly 
backward  across  check;  lower  lip  and  anterior  part  of  niaxillnry  dusky; 
a  few  coiiepicuons  spots  on  base  of  pectoral ;  all  the  dark  uiarkiiigs  bcc.oni- 
ing  blackish  and  peisisting  in  spirits,  the  radiating  slreaks  of  the  bead 
especially  (otrnpicuous  in  the  alcoholic  Hjiecinieu;  a  light  spot  under  last 
dorsal  spine;  1  cm  opercniur  (lap.  Length  about  L':l  inches.  I'oint  Lonia, 
near  Sun  Uiego,  (.'alifornia.  (Eigetmiajiii  t&  Eigemuaim.)  tNaiiieil  for 
iJr.  TLfodoie  (iill.) 

fSelHUluilf.1  gilU.  KioE-NMANN  A  HlOENMASN,  .\rncr.  Natural im,  T-Vli.,  IWIl.  I.VI,  Point  Lx>ma, 
ni>ar  San  Dieeo,  California.     (Coll.  Dr.  l^i^i'iiinanu.) 

«ai«.  SEB.^STODKS  lULIIRIISTlrTCS  (J.trilnu  A  (iil1i..ili. 

(Pbw-a  TERJItaUit..) 

Head  2} ;  depth  L'J.  D.  XIII.  ]:i;  .\.  III.  C;  laternl  lin.'  '^.  Itody  oblong. 
Hetul  uioderate,  pruUlo  rather  stee]),  with  u  nearly  uvuu  «lupc.     Mouth 


il 


1812        Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


1)ir((c,  obliqnc;  mnxillaryit'achiDg  to  behind  the  pnpil,  ita  length  ahoatSf 
in  hea<1 ;  ]ireniaxi]lary  in  front  lielow  tho  level  of  the  large  eye,  whicli  is 
3^  in  hoail.  JawH  equal  in  closed  month,  tip  of  lower  fitting  into  emar- 
Kinate  nppcr  jaw ;  11  rather  oonRpiruouB  symphyMal  knob.  Preorbital 
sinuate.  I'reopercnlar  Hpiiiea  rather  sharp,  second  longest;  opercular 
spincH  xhnrp.  Gill  rakers  long  and  rather  strong,  not  clavate,  the  long«Bt 
abont  'i  diameter  of  eye,  longer  than  in  related  species.  Scales  on  head 
fewer  tlian  in  S.  von»UUaim;  snout  witolly  naked ;  mnxillary  partly  scaled ; 
maudihlo  naked.  Dorsal  spineH  very  high,  nearly  as  high  as  in  rfxillarit, 
the  fourth  higheMt,  nearly  ^  hea«1,  higher  than  soft  rays,  which  are  also 
considerably  elevated;  dorhal  fin  rather  deeply  emarginate;  candal  fin 
emurginate;  anal  lin  not  very  high,  its  serond  spine  mnch  higher  and 
stronger  th.-in  third,  abont  ax  high  as  the  soft  rays,  2^  in  head;  pectorals 
3i  in  lengtli,  with  inodurntc  bane,  reacliing  lieyond  tips  of  ventrals,  about 
to  vent.  Bones  of  skull  thin;  preocniar,  nnpraocnlar,  postocnlar,  tym- 
panic, and  parietal  Hpincs  ])resont,  strong,  long,  and  sliar]^,  the  ridges  strong 
and  high;  parietal  bones  well  Be]>arated ;  intcrorbital  space  4}  in  base  of 
skull,  conravu,  tho  ridgcH  over  mucouH  ])ores  high  and  thin;  ventral  pro- 
oesH  of  basiKjthenoid  well  dovelo]ie(l ;  mesethnioid  procexses  compressed, 
iuo<ierato1y  e1cvate<l ;  base  of  skull  nearly  ntraight.  Olivaeeons  above, 
sides  pinkish  and  golden;  4  roundish  spots  of  pink  placed  as  in  iS.  cam- 
ttrHatiiB  and  jV,  rotacriis,  but  lews  distinct ;  a  ]>ink  blotcli  on  opercular  flap; 
upper  parts  of  the  body,  from  just  below  lateral  lino,  clonely  covered  with 
small  round  snotH  of  a  clear  olive  green,  tliONo  Hpots  moxt  distinct  on  back 
and  top  of  head ;  on  Hid<-s  of  body,.ju8t  above  and  below  lateral  line,  these 
S|)ots  form  2  continuous  series,  following  course  of  lateral  line;  eyes 
above  with  green  Hpots;  fins  nearly  ]ilain  red;  base  of  dorsal  spotted  with 
olive.  Tho  preorbital  s]>ineH  ean  not  be  nsod  to  distingniKh  this  species 
from  S.  ran,  Eigenmann.  If  tho  two  are  distinct,  they  are  distingniahable 
by  the  sealiness  of  the  maxillary  and  mandible,  the  length  of  the  second 
anal  spine,  and  the  color  of  tlio  ]>eritoneum.  Length  15  inches.  Pacific 
Coast  of  C'alit'ornia  from  San  Die^ro  to  San  Francisco;  abnndant  in  deep 
water;  a  very  pretty  fiwh.     (^Aoj/'^of,  ureeu;  6rixr6i,  spotted.) 

SrbailUhtliyt  (hlorottietvt,  .ToRDAN  &  ClLliEliT,  I'ruc.  IT.  S.Nat.Mug.  1880,294,  Monterey 

Bay,  California.     (Tji*,  N<i.  2«n64.    Coll. .lonlaii  i  );illwrt.) 
Sibanlndm  cAiorwdVru*,  .Tuiid.vn  &  Cilbebt,  SynopBls,  6<W,  1883;  Chamer,  Proo.  Cal.  Ae. 

.Sol.,  sorivs  2,  V,  18US,  rm,  ]>l.  C3,  llg.  21. 

i!S1«.  KEHASTOnKS  RI'PEKTRIS  ((iilhert). 

He-id  2J;  depth  2;;  to  3.  1».  XIII,  18;  A.  Ill,  7;  lateral  lino  31  (pores), 
about  <)0  vortical  serie-s  counted  above  later.-il  line.  Eye  2*  in  head,  longer 
than  snout  or  interorliital  space;  the  latter  narrow,  concave,  without 
riil;;cR,  the  least  width  i  orbit.  Maxillary  reaching  lieyond  middle  of 
pupil,  2J  in  head;  jaws  equiil,  tii>  of  lower  jaw  Kcarcely  iirojeeting;  teeth 
in  very  narrow  hands  in  jaws  and  on  voniur  and  palatines.  Preorbital 
very  narrow,  its  least  widtli  less  th.in  i  pupil,  lobate  and  without  spines. 
Supraocular  ridf;e  short;  nasal,  preocniar,  supraocular,  postocnlar,  tym- 
panic, occipital,  and  nuchal  spines  present,  tho  ridges  of  moderate  height, 


hut  the  Npint-s,  eBpcciiilly  postopular  and  tynipiinif,  strong;  preocnlar 
riil;;u  tint  little  cousjiioiioiici,  thu  tpitiiD  much  Hiii:illei  tiinii  in  Sihattodri 
*«NrM»i«  iiikI  SfbattiHiig  intmlrMt.  Spinen  oa  Hhuiililer  little  <lttvolopi<id; 
opercular  spines  ruther  weak:  preoperculiir  »piii<M«  Kinull,  the  'J  uppt-r 
ilirccted  liackwanl,  the  others  downwunl  luid  huckwuril.  iJiiidiil  Una 
not  deeply  notched,  the  longest  spine  3  in  head,  the  twellih  ^  its  length; 
»'>iX  dofMal  not  high;  cuiidiil  truncate;  sec-oucl  iinitl  Mpiue  luiigur  und 
nlruuger  tbnn  third,  :is  lung  oh  soft  rays,  but  not  rourhiug  their  tipsurben 
the  fin  is  declined,  2|  in  head;  pectorals  short,  If,  to  'J  iu  bond,  rcuching 
lioyoud  ventrals,  hut  usu.-illy  not  to  veut.  Scales  rongh  ctenoid;  suont 
niiked  or  nearly  so ;  8<<:ilea  ou  inaxill.-iry  and  mandihle  tniuiite  athI  Kmooth, 
little  evident,  those  on  l>re:i(it  rough ;  lius  invested  in  a  thick  niemhrnnc 
coverc<l  TTith  line  scales.  Color  as  in  Srtmtloiitn  laffHtiim,  luit  u?*uiilly 
withl^elongnte  l>l:tck  streuks  below  liiteral  line;  a  bl»ck  blotch  ou  middle 
of  ventrals;  n  bur  itt  bums  of  pei-toriils  and  iu  rail;  peritoneum  bliirk; 
hncciil  and  gill  cuvities  white  or  xligbtly  dusky.  Coast  of  Ciilifoniiu,  in 
devp  wjit'er.  A  single  specimen,  .'>  inches  long,  of  thiH  species  wiie 
olitniued  ut  Albnirott  St;<tiou,  318H  in  218  fiilhonis,  mid  it  in  evidently 
allied  to  the  roaacruii  group,  but  is  without  the  pink  spots,  [telow  the 
lateral  line  is  »  single  bbick  streak,  which  grows  more  intense  oppo8il« 
the  dark  vertical  bars.  The  interorlntal  space  contains  '2  low  inconspicu- 
uus  ridges,  its  width  is  contained  2^  times  iu  diameter  of  eye.  No  spine 
or  a  very  weak  one  at  lower  angle  of  subitpercle.  l<'ivi>  spcoimous,  the 
iuuge»t5i  inches  from  the  8aata  Barbara  Islands.  (Gilbert.)  (rupcttrii, 
living  about  rocks.) 

Btliattiehthv  rupeilrit.  lilLHCRT,  Proe.  T7.  8.  Xst  Mils,  ISM,  n.  SsnM  Barbara  Islanda, 
at  AlbaCroiB  StattoQ  a9«6,  Lat.  33O  jt'  N.,  Lons.  119^  30'  45"  W.,  In  ijo  fatboma. 
<Tjpo,  Mo.  48341.; 

Subcenua  HI8PAN1SCUS,  Cramer. 

ii\7.  KEUASTODtM  M.NK.NMK  ((liltHTd. 

Head  2^ :  depth  3.  D.  XIII,  12;  A.  Ill,  5;  lateral  line  40  to  45  (tnl>oa); 
«yn  very  large,  2)  to  3  iu  head;  snout  ijl  to  5  iu  head.  Kmly  nhort  and 
daep,  heavy  anteriorly,  with  slender  caudal  pednuulr;  month  large,  max- 
illary reaching  beyond  pupil.  2(  in  head,  its  greatest  width  less  than  i  it« 
greatest  length;  Jaws  about  e<|nul,  the  lower  mostly  iucludetl  within  the 
iip|t«r,  but  the  tip  littiog  into  a  notch  Itctwiwu  tntermaxiliurics,  and  with 
a  somewhat  projecting  synipbyseal  knob;  t'^etb  present  ou  vomer  and  iu 
a  long  slender  patch  ou  palatiues;  in terorbital  space  rather  narrow,  con- 
cuve,  with  n  pair  of  low  ridges,  itx  width  0  in  head.  Nasal  spines  pres- 
ent; preoonlar  spines  strong,  triangular,  directed  outward;  suprncicular 
ilidgeslow.bntevideiit,  diverging  posteriorly,  ending  in  strong  spines;  tyiii- 
'  panic  and  occipital  spineA  also  strong;  apper  :<  pre<jpercular  spines  e<|nal 
in  length,  pluc«d  ctusp,  and  usually  nearly  parallel,  directed  backward; 
lower  2  small,  directed  downward  and  backward;  2  opercular,  3  supra- 
Dcapular,  and  2  or  3  strong  preorhital  spines  preseut.  (iill  rakers  slender, 
tlie  longeet  (  orbit,  2t  on  anterior  liuib  of  outer  arch.  8jiinee  rather  high 
and  strong,  the  doraal  moderately  notched,  the  highest  spine  2^  iu  head, 
about  eiiual  to  soft  rays,  the  lowest  nearly  \  its  height;  mombranea  not 


1812        BitUctm  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


IrirgOj  rthliqno;  maxillary TP.irhing  to  behind  the  pnpil,  it«  leng-lh  about  2^ 
in  head;  ]>roiiiaxillary  in  front  Imlow  the.  level  of  the  lnrg<>  oyp,  which  is 
3i  in  liciid.  Jivwrs  e(|nal  in  closed  inouth,  ti]>  of  lower  litting  into  Omar- 
giiinte  upper  jaw;  s\  rutlicr  conspiciioim  Hymphyoeal  knob.  Preorbitj»l 
sioiiivtc.  Preo|ifmiliir  Hpiiics  rnttn-r  shnrp,  second  longest;  opercular 
apincH  Ktiiirp.  Gill  rakcrH  long  and  rather  fltroiig,  not  clavute,  the  Inugeat 
about  'i  ilinnif'ter  uf  cgf,  \efi\^tsT  th:in  in  related,  species.  Se&lits  on  be«d 
fewer  tli;in  iu  .V.  coniMUiiua;  aiioiit  wholly  naked ;  uwixllliiry  partly  sraled ; 
mandiJiIo  ii:ikcd.  Dorsal  «pineN  very  high,  nearly  as  high  as  in  millarit, 
the  foiirlli  highest,  nearly  k  b4>ad,  higher  than  soft  rayH,  whicii  are  also 
cousiderably  elevated;  dcir^al  lin  rather  di-eply  oniarginat«;  caudal  fin 
einiirginutf;;  aiuil  tin  not  very  high,  its  aeeond  Rjiitie  inixli  higb«*r  niid 
stniugpT  thai!  third,  about  as  high  ns  the  soft  rays,  '1\  iii  head;  jiectoraU 
3i  iu  length,  with  moderate  base,  reachiiig  beyond  tips  of  reiitraU,  aliout 
to  vent.  Bones  uf  ukull  thin;  preocul»r,  Nupraociilar,  {Kistocular,  tym- 
panic,  aud  puriet.'il  Hpines  present,  strong,  long,  an«l8li,ir|»,  tlie  ridgisstrong 
and  high;  parit^tnl  bones  well  sepiiruted;  interurbitnl  Hpuce-iJ  in  base  of 
skull,  t'oni'uve,  tbo  ridges  over  niucoiix  pores  high  iind  thin;  ventral  pro- 
oosH  of  b!i8i«)>hi"U<)id  wt^ll  clevelojiod;  nu-«ctbiiioid  processes  compressed, 
uiaderately  elevated;  hiiM>  of  skull  neiirly  straight.  01i\'aceoii»  altore, 
sidoH  pinkish  iiiul  golden;  4  roundish  spots  of  pink  placed  as  in  .S.  con- 
aUUatitt  nnd  S.  rntaviiih,  bul  1«hh  distiuct;  u  pink  blotch  on opercnlar  flap ; 
npjier  parts  of  the  body,  from  juNt  below  lateral  line,  «.'loMely  covered  with 
Huialt  round  apots  of  a  clear  oltvu  green,  the.sp.  h[ioIs  most  distinct  on  hack 
and  to])  uf  hpnd;  on  sidi-s of  body, Just  above  and  below  lateral  line,  the««o 
spots  form  2  cautioiioiis  fiorics,  ri)llovrliig  course  of  latcra]  line;  eyoa 
above  with  grtMtn  spots;  flnH  nearly  plain  red;  base  of  dorsal  spotted  with 
ulivi':.  The  preorbit-al  spinen  can  not  boused  to  distiu;.'uiHh  this  species 
from  iS.  !■(;«,  Eigoniiiauii.  If  the  two  are  distinct,  they  aru  cliHlingnishable 
by  the  xratincss  of  the  miixillary  and  in:iD<Ulilo,  the  length  of  the  second 
anal  spine,  and  th<^  cidor  of  the  peritouenni.  Length  15  inches.  Poi'iHo 
Coast  of  (.'alitunila  from  San  Diego  to  Snn  Franciaro;  abaudaut  in  deep 
water;  a  very  pretty  fish.     (xXtiap6i,  greeu;  tfrivrd;,  spottttd.) 

Stbattiththy  chlorotHetut,  JOBDAH  &,  GtUlEliT,  Proc.  XT.  8.  Nat  Moa.  1880, 3H,  Monterey- 
Bay,  California.     (Type,  Ko.  SODU.    Coll.  JcirUan  &  (iilbert.) 

Stbtutodet  <>hloro$tuhu,  JoBDAX  t  OlIMCRT,  SyDOpsis.MS,  1883;  CbaMRR,  rioc.  CaL  A(<. 
Soi.,  aoriea  2,  V,  IWS,  !>0g,  ]>l.  03,  llg.  21. 

8916.  NEHASTODCS  RIIPK^TRIS  (Gilbert). 


Head  21;  depth  2»  to  3.  1).  XII!,  1:1;  A.  HI,  7;  lateral  line  31  (porM), 
about  CO  vertiejil  serict*  cotinlcil  above  lateral  lino.  Eye2t  in  head,  longer 
tluui  snont  or  intcrorbital  spu<'e;  the  lattor  narrow,  concave,  witboat 
ridges,  the  least  width  i  orbit,  ilaxillary  r<>rkchiing  beyond  middle  of 
pupil,  2i  iu  head;  jawa  eijuul,  tip  of  lower  jaw  scareely  projecting;  teeth 
in  very  narrow  bnnda  iu  jaws  and  on  vomer  luid  palatines.  Preorbital 
very  narrow,  itA  least  width  U'hh  ths\u  i  pupil,  lobatc  ;«ud  without  apincM. 
8u)>raocidar  riilg©  short;  nasal,  itrcociilar,  supiaorular.  postorular,  tTiD- 
paniu,  occipital,  uud  nuchal  spines  present,  the  ridges  of  moderate  height. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  Atmrica.     1813 


hnt  the  spini-a,  especiuUy  pofttoriilnr  nnd  tynipimip,  strong;  pr^ociiliir 
ridge  but  littlo  conspicuoiirt,  the  Kphio  iinich  biii.-iIIm'  th:iii  in  SrhostuiUi 
iinitt»i§  1111(1  Sfhiistodit  iiut^ntrHii.  Spuwn  ou  Hbuiililer  litllo  lUneloped; 
opercular  spibeo  ratber  weak;  preoperotil.ir  spiiifH  Hniall,  tho  2  iii)pfr 
(lirectud  Imokward,  tlie  otbers  ilownwatil  and  liackvrartl.  I.iotsul  tiim 
not  de4*ply  iiotdied,  the  longest  t<piiie  3  in  bead,  the  twelfth  j  ita  length; 
Bui't  dorsal  not  high;  cuudal  tniacittv;  Becoud  nual  opiiio  loiigiT  and 
stronger  than  third,  aa  long  im  soft  ruvH.  hut  uot  rearbiug  their  tijmwhiMi 
the  liu  is  dncliiiiiid,  L!}  iu  hcud;  pectoriilB  tthort.  If,  to  2  in  head,  ruachiug 
beyourl  vt'ntrala,  hut  nHiuillv  not  to  vent.  ScaleH  rough  ct«uoid;  Riiout 
naked  or  nearly  bo;  scalen  nu  iiiiixtllary  »nd  oiandthJe  iniaiito  and  smooth, 
little  evident,  thnao  on  lireunt  rough;  lins  iuv»>«ted  in  u  thiek  uiouihrane 
ct>'\  ered  witli  Hue  si-ales.  Color  iw  in  StltiitlorltH  znt^mlrut,  l>tit  usunllv 
witli  ^oluiigate  h];i<'k  streakK  l>elir\v  l.'iter;il  line;  a  Itlark  blotch  on  middle 
of  veiitrals;  n  bar  at  base  of  peitonils  and  iu  axil;  perit«noriiii  l»la(-k; 
buccal  and  gill  oii\'itie«  white  or  nlightly  dimky.  {.'oiuit  of  California,  in 
deep  water.  A  single  specimen,  .~>  inehea  long,  of  this  Mpvciim  wiui 
obtained  nt  Jlbntrvnt  Station,  lilSJt  in  218  fathoms,  and  it  in  evidently 
jilliod  to  tho  nftni't-un  grnn|N  but  is  without  the  pink  spots,  llelow  the 
laterril  lino  is  a  ningk*  black  streak,  'n-bich  grows  more  intense  opposite 
the  dark  v«rtir.;il  bars.  Th«  iiitorurhitiil  apace  contains  2  low  incouspicu- 
outt  riilges,  its  width  in  coutainti<l  2|  tint<^  iu  diameter  of  eye.  No  spine 
or  a  very  weak  one  at  lower  angle  of  suluipercle.  Five  speciniena,  the 
lvDge8tr>^  iucl|«i»  frou)  the  Santa  Barlmni  Islauda.  (Gilhort.)  {ruptttru, 
living  about  roeks.) 

SilMtHehlhyi  ruprtri;  GtUlBIT,  I'nie.  V.  8.  Nat.  llo*.  1890.  7«.  Santa  Barbara  Iilands. 
at  Albatross  Station  9946,  Lat.  33°  jS'  N.,  Long.  119°  30'  45"  W.,  in  ijo  fathoma. 
(Tj'iMj,  So.  *82<1.) 

Subgenus  HISPANISCUS,  Cramer. 

«il7.  SEHASirnilKN  (ilXE\81S  (Gilbert). 

Head  2*;  depth  3.  I).  XIII,  12;  A.  Ill,  5;  lateral  line  40  to  4."  (tnbes); 
eye  very  largo,  2}  to  3  in  head;  dnont  1}  to  r>  in  bend.  Uody  Mhort  luid 
deep,  heavy  anteriorly,  with  slender  ciiudul  peduuute';  month  lurge,  max- 
illary reaching  beyond  ])Upil,  2\  iu  head,  its  grvuteHt  width  less  tliau  {  its 
greatest  length ;  jaws  abiuit  e<|ual,  the  lower  mostly  iudnded  within  the 
np|ier,  but  the  tip  titling  into  a  notch  between  interniuxilljiries,  and  with 
a  somewhat  projecting  syniphyseal  knob;  t-eeth  ))reiient  on  vomer  and  iu 
a  long  slender  pfttth  ou  palatines;  interorbital  «|mce  rather  narrow,  con- 
cave, with  a  pair  of  low  ridges,  its  width  G  iit  bead.  Nasal  spines  pres- 
ent; pTeocaliir  spiues  strong,  triangular,  directed  outward;  supraocular 
ridges  low,  hutevident,  diverging  posteriorly,  ending  iustroiigspines;  tym- 
panic and  oceijiital  M]dnes  also  strong;  apper  '.'•  preopereular  spines  e(|nal 
in  length,  placed  close,  and  usually  nearly  parallel,  directed  backward; 
lower  2  small,  directed  downward  and  backward;  2  oporcnlar,  2  supra- 
scapular, and  2  or  3  strong  preorhital  spines  present.  Gill  nikern  slender, 
the  longest  \  orbit.  21  on  anterior  limb  of  outer  arch.  .Spines  rsithor  high 
and  strong,  tho  dorsal  moderately  mitclied,  the  highest  spine  2^  in  head, 
abont  eqnal  to  soft  rays,  the  lowest  nearly  {  its  height;  membranes  not 


deeply  inrined;  second  anal  upitie  lonJ?«^r  and  stronger  tb;iii  third  nr  than 
any  oC  dorsal  MpineH  iind  lon^fi'  tliiiii  iinal  ruyM,  its  li'ugtb  Hl»(>ut  i  bead;| 
cmidul  Hliglitly  lunate,  J  head:  puctoniU  reachiug  slightly  l)eyoiic|  veot, 
till-  Itiwor  tnyn  ui>t  thickeiu-d,  tlie  lin  1;|  in  li^iid ;  ventral  spiuo  ae  long  mm 
Bofl.  rays,  'Ji  in  boiid.  Scales  xniall,  not  regularly  iniliricjited,  Ktnooth  and 
cyiloid,  exci|)t  those  do  occiput  iviid  a  few  aloug  latursil  Hue  on  posterior 
part  of  body;  snout  iiukcdj  luiixilluiy  and  niandilile  only  partly  scaled; 
soft  rays  of  all  tlie^  tins  (■ov»TL>d  with  8>'ricH  of  Biitnll  si-iiles.  Fale  below, 
dusky  above,  hlotrliud  with  rcddtHli  iiud  liluck;  a  blackish  blotch  od 
oi»ereIe;  fluadiill  njddish,  irroguiiirly  niark(<d  with  Idackish,  the  caudal 
mostly  rod,  souietinifs  with  n  bhickish  terminal  bar;  cavity  of  month  and 
gill  flmtiibi-r  imd  peritoneum  jct-Ulack.  Two  sp<M'inions,  the  larg^ist  7 
inches  long,  (inlf  of  <.'iilironiin,  iii  deei)  water.  (Gilbert.)  t«f»cn»»«,  liv- 
ing in  the  gulf.) 

.SrhtitliclMin  tinruii*,  UlLaKRT,  ProG,  V. S. KKt,  iiVM.  18»a. 81,  Gulf  of  Californim,  at  Alba, 
troiks  Station  3015,  Lat.  19°  N.,  Long.  »3<>  W.,  ia  145  fathoms.    (Type,  So.  43085. 

t\)ll.«aU)erl..> 


1818.  SKBASTOUEH  ZAfEXTBUS  (GUburt). 

Head  2<|;  depth  3i;  caudal  pediiucle  narrow,  3i|  in  depth  of  body.  I). 
XIII,  U  or  15;  A.  Ill,  7  or  8;  tubes  of  luteral  line  about  12,  70  vertical 
serifs  above  hiteral  line.  Body  ebingute.  Mmitb  uiuderale,  ninxillary 
roachiMg  vcrticiil  from  niiddin  of  pupil,  2^  in  htsid ;  lower  jaw  slightly 
the  liingi-r,  the  tip  with  :»  sniiill  Lcnob;  teeth  in  very  n.-irraw  bnntls.  Kyi' 
luiH'h  longer  than  snuiit,  :!  to  ',ii  in  head.  Intomrbitiil  spare  narr4iw, 
Bouiewbiit  concave,  IJ  in  diamet«T  of  orbit;  prccubital  extremely  narrow, 
its  least  width  )  pupil.  Ridges  ou  head  low,  but  sharp,  the  spines 
ruther  strong;  jueoculur  riilge  strung,  triangular,  ending  in  a  strong 
outWiir<Uy  diri'tti'd  splto';  nas:i1,  preoruhtr,  siijtriiocnlar,  tympanic,  occipi- 
tal, nntt  8ciiiietini<''H  inichiil  spiueM  present;  L'  H|ii:ii's  on  shoulder,  2  on 
operrle,  and  the  Ufiual  5  ou  preoperclo,  the  liittcr  dir<'c;tf<l  backward;  pre- 
orbitul  lobati\  but  without  sjiineg.  <<ill  rakers  long,  ver}'  slender,  ) 
diametvrtif  orbit,  ^lipn'NODtou  anterior  limb  of  outer  arch.  8]>inou.>i  dorsal 
low,  with  strong  ftjiines,  the  longest  I'i  to  '2i  in  head;  notch  between  dor- 
sals rather  shallow,  the  shortest  spilte  more  than  A  tbo  limgest;  soft  rays 
about  (Hpiiiling  the  opines;  randiil  Inineat*  or  slightly  eiiiavginate.  1|  in 
head;  sec<>ud  anal  spin'"  very  long,  iiKU.{|ly  longer  and  stronger  than 
third,  curved,  11  to  1}  in  head,  reafhing  to  or  beyond  tips  of  soft  rays  iu 
declined  fin;  \'eiitra)«  rem-liing  beyond  vent.  If  in  beu<l;  pectorals  reach- 
ing nearly  to  front  of  aiiitl,  H  in  head,  the  lin  not  procnrrcut,  the  lower 
hair  with  greatly  thickened  rays.  .Scale."  large,  rough  ctenoid,  those  on 
maxillary,  mandible,  and  hreattt  smoother.  Five  vaguely  detinod  black 
bars  on  back,  1  don  uwaid  from  najx-  auil  front  of  dorsal,  2  approximated 
under  spinon.-i  dorsal,  1  under  miildlc  of  soft  dorsal,  and  1  on  caudal 
peduncle;  th»su  under  <lor.sal  •■ucroacli  more  or  less  on  the  tin;  all  but  the 
tirst  confium-d  below  lateral  lino  on  middle  of  siiles,  the  third  interrupted 
above  t.ifeaal  line;  2  black  streaks  backwanl  from  eye,  the  upper  tcrini* 
nating  in  a  conspicuous  black  blotch  ou  opercie,  the  lower  ending  on  sub- 


Jordan  and  Evemiann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1815 


op<'rclt>;  t'aitiliil  iiiiuiarki'd  (ir  with  «n  olwcuri'  dnsky  nu'flijin  lilolch; 
other  thin  uiiniarkrd ;  a  faint  ilusky  uxillary  hhitrh;  sirtes  iii:irkeii  witli 
Bomt!  reil  ill  lift';  roof  of  moiitli  pustoiinrly  <lii«ky,  biici-al  ami  l>r:iiK'hial 
caviti»'s  othiTwisc  white;  peritoneuiu  |ut-lil;i<'k.  t'oaBt  of  Culiforniu. 
Typi-M,  3  «pciMmeuM,  5^  to  %\  int^lies  Icnij;.  frttm  the  Santa  Itailiani  InIiukIh,  in 
1 15  ami  ir>0  f:if  hums,  (f}ill)i'ifc.)  (sii,  au  lulciiNivf  paiiitii-,  mid  xivzpov, 
nplTif>,  str«ii;;-B]iinefl.) 
l)r.  tiillwrt  oHsprvos: 

Sevontl  Apcoimeriii  were  UkiMi  north  of  Foint  Rpycn  on  the  rowit  nf  Cultfuniia,  at  depths 
of  TSjinrl.'il  rutlinniH  (.(UnfroH  Slntiiini>,  'X-MXi  mid  'i:i51).  The  vM-iim.!  unnl  npino  la  always 
very  Inrtt).  lint  frei|cnntly  fiiils  to  ri'aoh  tlpii of  (tcifl  Hiinl  rayii  whrn  deprenHi'il,  Ibiix  illfTor- 
iuK  frum  tbo  type  spociuiuDn,    Tbi<  iK'ptli  is  lUsu  grtiatcr,  'i  iuatrad  of  'i\  in  kngtb. 

SebaitichlhjfM  tacent-nu,  GujiKBT,  Proc.  U.S.  Nsl. Uiis.  1890,  77,  Santa  Barbara  Islands, 
at  Albatross  Stations,  1893  and  1996,  in  14s  and  ijo  fathoms.  (Type.  2fu.  4824U. 
CoU.  Uillwrt.) 


SSIU.    SKnANTOI»i:s  KLO.\UATV8  (Ayres). 

(Ktoia.) 

llL«a(U';;  depthfti;  poctural  S*.  D.Xrir,13;  A.  111,6:  sraleH  ."W.  Body 
mure  ^loiiffiite  than  in  any  of  the  other  apocics  («xcei)t  pmuitjiiiiiii),  cnui- 
pressed.  Head  long,  rather  pointed.  Mouth  ]urge;  niaxjllary  I'xtending 
til  posterior  luarKin  of  pupil,  ita  length  1'^  in  head;  preniiutillary  ou  level 
of  lower  margin  of  orbit;  lowtr  jawBtroiiiily  projecting.  Eyn  very  large, 
loU({er  than  suoitt,  3i  iti  head ;  iiitt<rorliitaI  sptwe  hroucl,  conoitro,  with  low 
frontal  riilyes.  Preoperciilar  wpines  very  sharp,  al!  pointiul,  directed  baok- 
ward;  ojificular  HpiueM  vwry  long  and  sb.-irp.  iJill  rakers  long  and  slnmg, 
the  loni^est  uliotit  i  the  eye.  Scales  larj^e,  not  vary  roujjh;  accefl.sory 
scales  uumerons;  nia.villary,  mandible,  and  pronrhital  scaly.  Ooroal 
spiuea  luodurately  hinh,  rather  strtiujj,  the  highest  .'ibotit  e<|iial  to  soft  rays, 
,  2i  In  head,  the  liii  notiIee|ily  inniir^iuate;  ciitidal  liu  liin.'ito;  anal  lin  rather 
low,  second  t<X)iuH  I  k*u<;th  of  bead,  much  longer  than  third,  higher  than 
soft  rays;  peitorala  uio<ler<itely  hrond,  long,  rencliiug  beyoud  tips  of  short 
ventral*  to  vent.  Skull  Iwig,  hones  thin,  preociihir,  postocular,  tympanic, 
and  parietal  spineo  ])roaunt,  tilciider,  sharp,  tho  ri<lgeH  moderately  devel- 
iipuil ;  BociietiiiK's  Mnpraocnliir  spiui-8  present  and  diHtlnct;  parietal  bones 
wid»»ly  «eparate<l ;  interorbital  hjiqco  long  and  narrow,  5J  in  baae  of  eknlT, 
miuterately  eoncuvn;  ventral  pmeaas  of  biisi.Nphonoid  well  developed,  iiies- 
utbiiioiil  proce^.'^es  cumpreBsed,  slightly  elevated;  liaao  of  nkiill  somewhat 
cnrvtul.  Gill  rakers  i)  or  10  +  20  to  22,  extending  full  leugth  of  iinb. 
In  tlioyoinij;  the  lateral  Btripes  are  broken  tip  into  smaller  blotcbof,  the 
iutermjitions  to  tho  dorsal  stripp  leaving  a  series  of  saddle-liku  blotches 
.'jliiiig  the  buck,  whi<'h  corroHpond  in  jionitiou  with  those  of  N.  ansiinla. 
There  is  1  under  lirst  dorsal  Hpiiies,  1  under  middle,  and  1  under  end  of 
spiuoiiH  duTHiil,  1  uoder  soft  d0rs.1l,  and  I  on  back  of  onndal  peduncle. 
This  correspondence  is  interesting  in  c-oiiuectlon  with  similar  color  marks 
discovered  iu  the  young  of  «S.  diplopron  and  those  known  to  occar  in  the 
.vonng  of  the  rofrirrHn  group.  Color  light  rod;  sides  above  with  irrogiilur 
horii:ontal  iuterroptcd  olive-greeu  bauds,  which  are  more  or  less  broken 


1818         Bulletin  fj,  United  States  National  Museum. 

maxillnry  rooohing  Iteyonil  eye,  its  length  24  in  head;  prporbital  TjixmuI; 
prfopeiTular  HpioeM  long,  all  <lirect«'il  b!i<;kw»rd,  Ibe  Becund  lou^e^t;  opt^r- 
ctilar  Hiiitien  weak  ;  3  snpruacaiuilur  Hpiiies.     S<-ulc-iion  body  liirgr,  ctenoid  ; 
tti'<')-HHory  Denies  not  very  niini(>roiiB:    uiandiblc  uakml.     Spinous  cIoi-ks) 
hitfh,  th<'  Inu^'CHt  apiDC  '1  in  hi-ad,  higher  than  the  »oll  rriy^,  'wfait-h  arc 
much  vlevatiMl;  setond  iiu^I  spiiio  loDjfvr  and  stronger  thim  third.  2\  in 
head;  Hoft  part  of  anal  high;  iiertoralK  riitlier  Hbi>rt  iiiid  broad,  the  tips 
b»rely  reai-hitig  the  veut,  their  lei;f:th  3}  iu  body;  veutrale  rencbing  to 
vent;  eaiidji  I  truncate.     HoneB  of  skull  rather  thin  ;  preocnlar,  postoenlar, 
tympanic,  parietal,  iind  cortinal  Hpiiws  preHi'ut,  )|iiite»Ii'uder,  iih»r]>;  pstii- 
etal  Hpines  Honit^titnea  divided;  the  ridgea  uiodeiately  thii-k  and  Lif^h: 
psirietnl   boni'N  rpiite  far  apart,  iuterorbitnl  apnee  narrow,  4  in  base  of 
aknll,  ita  middle  ennvex,  a  depression  on  each  side  between  the  convexity 
and  the  siipraooulnr  ridge;  veutrnl  process  ofliasinphenoid  stron^jjly  devel- 
oped; niesetlininid   proeeasea  compressed,  thin,  elevated:    base  of  skull 
straight.     In  one  specimen  the  gill  rakers  are  7 -flu;  on  the  upper  limb 
2  only  are  long  and    eonipressed,  the  others  are  round  and  thick,  but 
slightly  movable;   on  lowei-  limb  all  those  ennnu-rated  are  cooipreased ; 
jii  front  is  a  mass  tluit  miglit  reinesent  i  udinietils  of  one  or  wore.     Color 
bluckiah  brown,  luiicb  juuttled  with  ll^ht  Itrown;  top  of  hea4l  dark;  a 
dai'k  blotch  on  1!ic  njiiur  .'ingle  of  tin-  opercle;  entire  body  lluslied  with 
browuiNh  red,  thiH  color  uiost  noticeable  on  front  of  head;  o  brownish  red 
streak  along  middle  of  maxillary,  and  a  second  from  the  pn'orbital  down- 
ward and  backward  across  the  cheek;  another  from  eye  to  lower  part  of 
opercle;  (iuM  all  marked  with  dark  and  light  olive*  and  reildisb,  the  latttT 
hne  esporially  nn  the  vcutnils  nnd  anal;  boj^eof  peetonil  blackish:  north- 
ern upeciiuons  are  more  blaikish,  and  b-ss  uniform  iu  color;  old  specimens 
are  often   nearly   uniform   reddish   bruwu;    the   young  sometimes   with 
obscure  dark  burs,  the  caudal  tin  speckled.     Length  18  inches.     Pacific 
Must  of  AmericA,  from  Tape  Mendociiin  to  Cerros  Island,  very  abundant; 
the  only  species  cuteriug  bays  and  caught  with  honk  and  line  from  wharves. 
It  may  be  known  at  once  by  the  coion.al  sjiiues,  tbose,  however,  often  ob.-so- 
letc  in  the  tu»rthern  form,  var.  lUiUii.     {(iiiriciiloUi*,  eared.) 

ttebatut  a«H«it(a(»«,  iluiAUD.  Vrw.  Ac.  KaL  Sd.  I'lilU.  laM.  131.  H6,  Ami  V.  S.  Pac.  R.  K. 

Siirv.,  X,  KiaheN,  «)i,  185A,  Presidio,  near  San  Francisco  (Type,  No.  S4f .    CoU.  Lhtat. 

Trowbridfe'"') :  AVBES.  Proc.  Cat.  Ac.  Sci.  IMS.  21.".,  llg.  68. 
SebattfTvbtr,  Ari(i;8,  I'rov.  Cal.  Ac.  Sri.,  I,  18M.  7.  San  Francisco:  octiilt. 
Sttiatlri  rubrr,  vnr,  /inrrux,  Ayiies,  Proc.  Cat.  Ac.  S>rt.  [,  ltl54,  7,  San  F-ancisco;  young. 
Heboftoilet  aiiriculatin,  JoHUAK  &  Uu^ebt,  Syiiopsla,  070,  1883;  I'iumbr,  Prov.  Cal.  AOi.-] 

Sci.,  aorlos  2,  V,  IfiUS,  601,  pi.  I».  tg.  26. 

Rei>resoiited  northward  (Vancouver  Island  to  Point  Reyes)  by  a  forni 
much  darker  in  color,  and  lacking  one  or  both  coronal  spiucs  in  about  half 
the  specimeus : 


22S3a.  KEBISTOIIGK  ACBU TiaTUN  D.iLMI  (Rii;«Biuaau  A  Bei<soti). 

This  form  is  thus  described:  Head  3;  depth  3.  P,  XIII,  14^;  A.  III.  6^. 
Dorsal  opines  moderate,  2  in  bend;  lower  .jaw  ])roJectiug.  .Maxillary 
extending  beyond  eye,  about  2iiu  head.     Kyo  ei|uaU  snout,  39  in  hea<l, 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1819 


••onsiclei'aUly  ini>rfl  than  mternrLital  width.  Irif*rnrliital  concave,  2  strong 
ridgos  (lividinK  it  into  a  nn'iliiiii  auil  11  luternl  ;;r<iiivfH;  lucorUttal  tiurrow, 
w  ith  2  (l:it  spine  itioi  t'8«e.t,  rreoiier<-nl!ir  sjiiues  dirertcd  hiirkvs-ard.  (Jill 
rakerH  uhunt  '1  in  orhit:  nevotid  anal  uptue  '2\  in  head;  iuiixill:iry,  inan- 
diblesaiid  snout  uaked;  sciiles  mostly  cycloid.  Lower  pectonil  r.iyh  thick 
and  tit-shy.  Thre<<  Htniijjht,  <liirk  cross  hitnds,  1  from  iinpc  iicrosH  hi»e  of 
pcctiiriil,  1  from  rsixth  t<i  Hevtnth  ddrsai  Njiini!  toward  nuns,  a  hiilt  onn  from 
eighth  to  teuth  ilorsal  »piuo  to  lattTul  Hub,  h  Iiro:idtjroi[i'  lieiow  noft  dorsal; 
tkcHO  U.'ire  exteuil  ou  to  the  doruat  lin ;  a  few  small  dark  spots  on  huse  of 
poctorals  and  ou  shoiiUlcr;  sides  of  tail  more  ur  less  mottled ;  dark  Htreaka 
mdiiiting  from  eye;  perituneiiiii  pain.  Sperinicn,  8i  inches  long;  San 
Francisco.  Thi>  ty[m  Nppcinicn  lielongs  to  thc^  collection  of  tho  Indiana 
University.  (Eigeuiiiauu  iXl  IJeesou. )  (Named  for  William  Hcaly  I  >all,  of 
the  Smithsonian  IiiHtitutiou.  who  has  t>een  intimately  identitied  with  tliu 
Pa>citic  coast  zoology  for  uinuy  your». 

I'teropodiii  dailii.  ElOKNMilNH  &  BEK80.S,    Am.  Xnt.,  Vol.   x.XTin,  Jan.,   18M,   Ofi,   San 

Francisco. 
Selxutodtt  aur<«uia(ia  dalU,  JosDAir  &  Stabxs,  Pruc.  C«l.  Ao.  Sol.  1895, 708. 


Subeenus  FTEROPOOUS,  Eigeumooa  It.  Beeson. 

tiii.  SEBISTODES  HANTBELLUiEB  (Jordui  &  Uilbcrt). 

(GaAafl  KorKnsH.) 

He»<l  3;  depth  21.  D.  Xni,  13;  A,  III,  (!;  scales  17.  Body  oWong, 
de4<pe»t  at  thu  shoulders.  Head  short,  hlitnt.  Mouth  niodtTiite,  little 
obliiiiie,  rnaxitlary  reaching  to  posterior  uiargia  of  eye,  its  length  2i  in 
hi-ad;  premu.xillary  rather  helow  level  of  oyo;  Jaws  equal,  without 
8\  iu(«h,VMeiil  kiioh.  Eye  small,  anterior,  4J  in  head.  I'reopercular  sphiea 
short  and  stoat,  the  2  iippiT  siiheijniil;  opercular  spines  very  hroud  anil 
llat,  sometimes  hiful;  Biipra.scapuhir  «])iMfs  strong.  Gill  rakers  very  short, 
wide,  couipresacd,  the  longest  almost  as  wide  aa  high.  Scales  ou  body 
large;  accessory  scales  few.  Dorsal  spiues  low,  the  tifth  iiboiit  K  the 
length  of  head;  the  tin  little  euiurginate:  soft  rays  considerably  higher 
tliau  !>pine«  ;  caudal  slightly  romuled  ;  aual  high,  its«pinea  h>w,  the  second 
as  high  as  lliinl  and  much  stouter,  %  in  head;  pectoral  ratltershort,  re.icli- 
ing  Vent,  its  l>;i8e  extteiiiely  broad,  its  width  ;iltout  §  length  «f  head;  the 
lower  rays  nuich  thickened;  length  of  pectorals  ItJ  in  body;  vpiitrals 
moderate,  not  unite  rwuhiug  the  ttjis  of  pectorals.  Hones  of  skull  thick; 
preociiliir,  postoculnr,  tynijtantc,  and  parietal  spines  present,  strong,  tho 
ridgcM  hnv  but  lltiek;  oceipitiil  ridges  vitv  loug,  ei(iialling  diameter  of 
firbit;  jiarietal  bones  separate;  iuterorbital  »imi'iv  IJ  in  base  of  skull, 
sliglitly  coiive.v,  concave  laterally  inside  of  siiprancnhir  ridge  narrower 
th:iu  eye;  \  antral  proces.s  of  basisphenoid  well  developed;  uieauthnioid 
procos.ses  eoiii|»reHse(!,  strong,  slightly  elevated;  base  of  skull  x  ery  nearly 
straight.  Blackish  green,  with  pnlerniottliiigs.  aidesspottcd  with  darker; 
belly  pale  greeuish;  paired  ilu»  dark,  oft«a  bordered  with  reddish;  other 


itKO 


BtdUtin  47,  UniUd  States  Nalkmal  Afmsrtum. 


fioa  diiefly  oIivae««a«,  •potted  with  darker:  tb*  brightfiw  of  tfaa  alire 
■■d  pveniah  ■liidf  is  quit*  Tmrisblc.  bat  tlw  aiwaeB  m  tlwmym  wUhant 
doAnite  aarldagi  aed  witbont  brigfat  ml :  peritoaeaai  bravAMh.    I/onftb 

•ofitbward.  A  strongly  marked  •peein,  kaown  M  Mie*  bf  it*  short  ^U 
nk^r*.  (roMtrellum,  diminutJT^  sf  i— li  ■■,  •  i*ke;  ftr*,  I  bc«r;  fnat  tlM 
BBsn  irill  rskerso 

Mswfftrtri  rwtrilKfcr,  JnsKAN  A  GiLBSBr.  Pn*.  C.&  Kal.  Um.  um. 
«dU  «Hat  2.  T,  IBM.  M*.  |tlB.»  asd  79,  Of*.  >7  m^  41. 


CkAMSm.  Pive.  CkL  Ac 


SStl.  HnAi«TODEH  CArBUTTM  lUckaHaM*. 


Haid  3)  ;  deirtb  2f ;  eye  and  siMvat  eqnsl,  2  in  maxillary,  4f  in  bead.  D. 
XIII,UtoU;  A.II1,  G  or  7;  P.  IT  to  19:  stales  41  t«  44  (pores);  taans- 
rerae  rows  of  scales  42  to  47.  Body  stoat,  cumprcaoed.  the  back  elerated. 
Head  dtroDgly  compressed ;  tbe  dorsal  profile  nearly  straigbt:  mterorbttal 
space  nearly  tiat  bt^tneen  the  mo<rerately  elevated  »ttpra4H-aIar  ridges, 
6|  io  5|  in  bead;  nasal,  preocular,  postooolar,  tympanic,  and  parietal 
spiDCS  present,  sharp,  the  ridges  moderate;  maxillary  2^  in  head,  its  broad 
posterior  end  reaching  about  to  posterior  rim  of  orbit;  lower  jaw  some- 
what projecting  with  a  symphyseal  knob ;  line  scales  on  maxillary  and 
part  of  lower  jaw.  Freorbital  broa<l,  with  usually  1  or  2  siuall,  rather 
blunt,  spines;  suborbital  stay  short;  preopcrcalar  spines  directed  back* 
ward,  tb<>  2  upper  shiirpeet,  the  middle  one  flatter  and  larger  bnt  nokl 
divided.  Dorsal  spiuos  high,  Htrong,  the  fourth  longest,  li!  in  head ;  mem- 
brane of  spiuoiiB  dorsal  decr>ly  incised,  attached  to  tbe  thirteenth  spine 
at  alwnt  the  middle  of  its  height;  tbe  soft  rays  a  little  Bhorter  than  the 
spines;  second  anal  spine  scarcely  longer  or  stronger  than  the  third,  2|  in 
head,  1}  in  soft  rays;  first  uual  eiiual  to  eye  and  snout;  caudal  trnncate; 
pectoral  reaching  to  or  beyond  vent,  3,1  to  3i  in  length  of  body,  its  base 
3  in  its  length;  accessory  scales  few.  Dark  brown,  more  or  leas  washed 
with  coppery  or  j-ellowish,  tbe  dark  shades  l>eiug  dark  red,  the  pale 
shades  light  brownish  and  tietter  defined  tbiin  in  S.  rrjriltari$,  bnt  similarly 
plare<l.  lu  alcohol,  body  and  head  Miickish  iibiive,  with  a  very  alicbt  pink- 
ish tint;  paler  below  ;  liris  alt  blackish  ;  pnle  shades  whitish ;  perit<ineum 
w^blte.  Piiget  Sound  to  Sitka;  abundant  northward:  replacing  .S'.  ratiU 
larU.  This  species  is  very  close  to  Sehntlodra  rcxiilarii  in  general  char- 
acter, but  ditfiTH  from  it  In  color.  It  has  fewer  accessory  scales,  a  more 
prominent,  somewhat  projecting,  lower  jaw  with  symphyseal  knob,  • 
broader  prtxirliitol,  lees  flattened  cranial  ridges,  a  longer  second  anol'i 
spitie,  and  lower  dorsal  spines.  Tlie  body  ii)  apparently  more  compressed, 
tbe  pi'ct<>ral  a  little  longer,  the  posterior  end  of  the  maxillary  a  little 
broader,  with  a  slightly  ditferent  outline.  Here  described  from  sped- 
mens  from  Seattle.  (caMrinus,  northwestern,  from  eaurMt,  northwest^ 
wind.) 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann.  — Fishes  of  North  A  merica,     1821 


Stbailt*  faurinvt.'  Richabobok,  Voyage  of  thoSalpbur,  Icbtbyology,  77,  ]>l.  il,  ftg.l, 

1816,  Sitka,  t 
rSfioftodM  oovrinM  Jobdah  It  Gilbirt,  SynoptlR,  072,  1883. 


tSi6.  SEBASTODES  TEXILLIBIA  (Jonlan  ,kOUbert). 

Eie  moderntc,  hi^^h  up,  -t  to  li  in  lit-ad.  D.  XIII,  16;  .\.  Ill,  6;  scnlfs 
55.  Hotly  stout  and  comprpMsed,  back  elevated.  Mouth  ratlicir  Iftrgo, 
bro.nd  ma.xiJln.ry  extondiiij;  heliiiul  orliit,  itH  length  "J  in  head;  j)retii,axil- 
lary  on  lovnl  «f  lower  edgt-  of  |>iipil;  Jawa  biiIig(|ii:i1,  Iowit  ttoniewbnt  pro- 
Jfcting,  but  without  .synipliyscul  Itnob;  nppor  jaw  ptnarginutc  at  tip; 
intcrorbital  spitce  uaiTower  than  eye,  occiijMed  by  2  nuKed  ridKes,  cov- 
ered by  the  seales;  preoiierciilai-  apinca  moderate,  some  of  them  ujtnally 
divided  into  2,  3,  or  I  at  ti[>,  middle  oue  larjteMt;  proorbital  very  broad; 
Hii1)»rl>itai  stay  short.  Jiiws  naked.  Gill  rakers  ra-tlier  loii^  nnd  Htruug, 
the  louguat  ali|;htly  ulavate,  ;(boiit  2  in  eye,  Duraul  B[iiuea  v(*ry  strong 
and  high,  abont  aa  in  S.  chloroUUtuii,  nearly  as  high  aa  in  S.  iiiaUt/tT, 
the  higheat  iiiore  than  |  length  nf  beiulj  and  rattuT  higlter  tbiin  the 
very  high  noft  rnys;  membrane  nf  spinona  durital  rather  ilceply  incised, 
but  less  eo  than  in  S.  mnliijir;  aeeond  anal  spine  S  in  liead,  acareely  longer 
than  third  and  not  nuiidi  ntroiiger,  about  i  ha  high  ah  Huft  rayH;  caudal 
tnincut*?;  pectoral  sliMrttjr  than  head,  not  re.-»<:hing  vent,  its  base  riitber 
broad,  length  SJ  in  body;  ventrals  not  re.'uhiiig  vent.  Uoiioa  of  aknlt 
thick;  preocuhir,  post.ociilar,  tympanic,  and  parietal  spines  prenent  (tym- 
patiic  spliie.H  aometimea  absent),  the  ridges  I'ather  low  and  heavy;  parietal 
bonea  far  apart;  internrbttal  space  3J  in  lia.se  of  skull,  soniewhsit  concave; 
n  deeper  median  gr«o\'o  between  2  amall  ridgcH  over  the  nineoiis  cannla; 
ventral  proceas  of  basisphi'noid  well  developed,  meaethnioid  processes 
oompresaed,  a  little  elevated ;  btute  of  skutl  straight.    Bright  pale  y ellowiah 


*  Tbp  following  U  the  ori(rlnal  dsscriptlon  o(  Uils  )ipeolc>«:  "Char.  Spte.  8,  gevJi  liter- 
mibiiA,  lineJH  nloratla  intrn  orbitflR  ntillU,  npinin  ntu*i  nlrincjiie  liini.<4,  Mpintft  rntrriH  oji|ittiii 
demiftsifi:  ]mrt«  npiiiOEuk  pinun- ilurai  allii  arruntik:  piiinltt  iiitiuaciilntjn."  liiulii:  U,  111  13; 
A.a/6i  C,  )3J;  IMtcl  VIII,  \'.  l;S.  I'LitK  XLl,  tig.  1.  H»ir  Dllt,  hiat'.  ' 'Tliis npi'Cil'n  CTfJiUy 
resenihlttn  tin*  S-  non'eiiicMt.  in  iIlh  nrnmture  of  ilji  bcail,  hut  ilitl>Ti*  Iti  ibe  jjrnjitpr  lieight 
of  Ita  diirnnl  siitueH  ami  thi'  lar^ir  i>i«<<  of  Ibu  ni'iitna.  It  in  IwltcrarniiMl  tliiiii  Ibe  .v.  riin'a- 
btjif  wbicli,  like  ilxcll',  ii  an  lubBbitatit  ol  tliv  Nurlli  I'aciHc  Oieaii,  nu<l  it  illlt'ur.i  in  tlia 
namoara  uf  ilx  Hii  ntyfl  Imlli  trout  tliul.  H[H-i'1rM  ami  tlie  H.  iiiermit  ol'  Jupiin.  It  Iniit  more 
naamblaoceialtMspinen  tn.v  w<irmora(uji(T<'iuin.  ASthle^ul,  Fauna  Jaiwn..  tjib.;il.  tig.  1^ 
but  the  marVinuH  <<u  llie  tinn  illtl^r  iinil  t  lie  iloraul  rnyit  ol  cavrxinii  ure  higher  thuii  tliono 
ofaiiv  or  tbegeS  npocinit.  Tin'  leiiKtl)  a(  (be  lieiul  niul  Llin  hi'iubt  iit  (be  IhhIv  nr«  alioiit 
e(]iiiif,  unit  Hri«  cttutuiDtftl  3^  tinteM  in  tbc  wbuitt  len^Lli  of  tlio  HmIi.  1'hc  inlrTorbiliil  Hpara 
Is  Hattinh.  iin<l  b)  Bi'arci-ly  (liprrtioril  l>i>biw  (bi>  niiir^iin  ot  Ilu'  orbil  ItcHiilta  thi<  unnnl 
■pine  nfiovc  llir  nontrils  iratr»  m  u  itualler  uuti  at  I  b«  untmor  ii|ii-iiiiig.  Tbri-u  i.n  an  imiiio 
pblDt  nt-ar  ttiu  niidillo  of  Hk- orbitnl  •rout,  auotlurat  Iho  WHU-iior  iingJcflf  tbo  nrliit,  and 
A  tbird  unmlb'r  ono  dji  lb*-  tenipli'n  rione  iieixitlh  il.  Tin*  liilfnii  f^rnnial  cn'fi.  com- 
mencing ovrr  fbi}  lerniMinil  wpine,  in  law  and  eiven  and  oiuIm  in  u  minitar  |Mi]nl.  Tbo 
•ui>m«c-apniur  nliowri  an  ucnlo  Vnit  nut  i*lL^VHtt;<l  «*dgo    'n'tnrh  imkIi^  in  a.  Nharp.  ant;ular 

Soint.  Anntlior  imint  of  tlic  same  lM>ni-  is  vrith  dstKculty  df>t<-('t(id  umoni;  tbc  Acalcx  luwor 
own  utd  tbt'  sirtiiHilH  haii  alno  a  HpmonK  point.  Tfai*  preorbilal  m  divided  lute  .'I  kIibIIow, 
tnincKt«d  l'jlx.'A.  wbiili  urn  u  little  lib'ii  No  ridgp  can  lio  traced  oxliruallv  acru«»  Iba 
cheok  DOT  aiiv  spine.'*  nndcr  the  ©yo.  Then"  an:  the  »Anal  5  pmomTcalar  anKl4'.s  of  apinoa 
and  2  iiiHsri'lilar  oiniH,  Two  nilnul«  teeth  exiKt  in  tbe  »u1iop«rcnluin  and  iuteru]K'ri'iiluia 
at  tile  point  wliero  tlniie  Iwrnoa  niMit  each  othfi'.  All  the  spitiea  are  clo«i-lv  rei  uiubi-nt. 
Tbvre  nrti  U  mwH  uf  xcalnt  in  a  l»n;;itiidin»l  rnw.  ciclnatve  nf  some  small  iinea  on  tbe 
bnae  nf  tbd  caudal.  The  speclnien,  iH'ini!  drii'd,  has  hoi  it«  colors.  L«n|!lh  15  lncbe««." 
The  nnrtbwexi  canKt  of  America,  'i'bo  iipi-i'iiiiL<ii  wait  procured  al  the  Kuaaiau  •ettU-nieDt 
of  Bltka.     (Rk-liuTd*oa,  Voyaan  of  tbe  iSiiIpbnr,  ■•agoTl.) 

I  This  species  is  rory  abuiidAiit  in  Sitka  llaibur,  vrtwro  many  speciuens  «  ere  taken 
by  naiulWO. 


1822         BtdUHn  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


red,  becoming  lighter  below,  the  reddish  anil  yellowish  forming  large  and 
irregular  areas,  sonietinies  one  shade  preiloniinating,  sometimes  the  other; 
a  pink  cross  blotch  on  back  at  base  of  second  and  third  dorsal  spines 
sometimes  present;  npper  parts  of  hea<l  mostly  pink,  with  broud  olive 
shades  running  backward,  1  on  lower  lip,  1  on  maxillary,  1  from  preorbital 
region  downward,  1  from  eye  backward  and  downward  across  cheek,  and 
another  across  opercular  spines;  iins  all  pinkish  red,  membranes  olive; 
vertical  fins  narrowly  edged  with  dusky ;  top  of  head  usually  with  alter- 
nating cross  shades  of  pinkish  and  yellowish ;  yellowish  shades  sometimee 
replaced  by  light  olive;  other  specimens  are  quite  red;  still  others  brown- 
ish;  light  areas  on  back  have  a  position  similar  to  that  of  the  rosy  spots 
in  Sebtutodes  oontti'llattu;  peritoneum  white.  Length  2  feet.  Coast  of 
California,  Han  Diego  to  Cape  Mendocino,  very  common ;  one  of  tbo  larger 
species.    (_vexillari«,  standard  bearing.) 

S«^(Utiehthyt  VKtiUarU,  Josdan  &■  GU.BEBT,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Hns.  1880, 292,  Santa  Barbara 
Channel ;  San  Francisco.    (Type,  No.  27087.    Coll.  Jordan  &  Gilbert.) 

8tba*todf*  vexittaris,  Jordan  &  Oilbebt,  Synopsis,  672, 1883;  Cbajisb,  Proa  Cal.  Aa  S«i., 
series  2,  v,  1895,  «02,  pi.  66.  figs.  28  and  29 

8226.  8EBAST0DE8  MALIflEB  (Jordan  &  GUbert). 

(Yelluw-backeu  Rockpisr.) 

Head  2};  depth  2^.  D.  XIII,  13;  A.  Ill,  6;  scales  47.  Body  oblong, 
robust;  head  large;  mouth  moderate,  the  jaws  nearly  equal  when  closed; 
maxillary  reaching  to  opposite  posterior  margin  of  eye,  its  length  about 
i  that  of  head;  preorbital  moderat(>,  with  an  angular  lobe;  preoper- 
cnlar  spines  very  short ;  opercular  long.  Gill  rakers  moderate,  somewhat 
clavatc,  about  a»  long  as  jHipil.  .Scales  rough;  jaws  naked.  Dorsal 
spiues  very  high  and  strong,  higher  than  in  any  other  species,  the  mem- 
branes very  deeply  incised,  so  that  i  or  more  of  the  length  of  the  highest 
spines  is  free  anteriorly;  highest  spine  about  f  lengt>h  of  bend,  the  fin 
deeply  cniargin.ite ;  soft  dorsal  high,  but  lower  than  the  spines;  caudal 
truncatt! ;  anal  high,  the  second  spine  2|  in  head,  little  higher  than  the 
third,  not  J  height  of  soft  rays;  pectorals  very  broad  and  rounded, 
reacliing  beyond  ventrals  to  vent ;  base  of  fin  broader  than  eye,  the  lower 
rays  thickened,  its  length  3i  in  body.  Bones  of  skull  moderately  thin ; 
preocular,  postocular,  tympanic,  and  parietal  spines  present,  strong,  sharp, 
the  ndges  high  and  thick;  parietal  bones  well  separated;  interorbital 
space  4^-  in  base  of  skull,  deeply  concave,  with  rather  high  ridges  over 
mucous  canals;  ventral  process  of  basisphenoid  well  developed,  meseth- 
nioid  processes  compressed,  strong,  much  elevat«d;  base  of  skull  nearly 
straight.  Color  warm  yellowish  brown,  the  anterior  portion  of  the  back 
and  sides  usually  clear  yellow;  breast  yellow;  anterior  part  of  body  and 
head,  eH])eeinlly  in  the  adult,  closely  covered  with  small  round  spots  of  a 
clear  orange-brown  color;  posterior  part  of  body  darker  than  anterior, 
variously  mottled;  soft  (ins  all  slaty  black,  the  pectorals  and  dorsal  paler 
at  base  and  speckled ;  brownish  shades  radiating  from  the  eyes;  perito- 
neum pale.    Length  20  inches.    Pacific  coast  of  America,  from  Monterey 


to  Sitka,  moetly  in  (Tfnp  water;  very  alfaDdant  nortbwanl;  one  of  the 
largest  Biiecios.     (iii(r/u»,  inaat;  ijrro,  I  bear.) 

iMiutieAtAi/t  maliijtT,  .Tobi>av  St.  GILBERT.  Proc.  T.  S.  Not  Miu.  1880.  :t23,  San  Pranciaco. 

(Tyi«\  Xo.  ZVimi.    Cdll.  .Ionian  &  Gilbert.) 
StboMtadet  malvjcr,  Jordan  ii  OiLSEliT,  Syooptiiii,  S73,  1883;  Cbamek,  Pruo. Cat  Ao.  Set., 

MrioaS,  V,  1896,012,  pl.M,  Ug.30. 


t%il.  8KBAMT0DKN  (ai.BERTI,  Cranicr. 

Head  2,',;  depth  2|  to  3.  1>.  XIII,  13;  A.  Ill,  6;  P.  17;  transverse 
(oLi]ir|iit))  rnws  iif  acale8  40  to  42;  lateral  lino  ()iori'a)  iiltont  39  to  42. 
Uody  soniewbitt  conipresjsed,  its  wi<ltli  over  b;ise  *>f  pectorals  nearly  2  iu 
tlie  dt^ptb  (over  ttie  Bhoiilders).  Hf-ad  loiiiprosscd ;  prolile  steep,  nearly 
atrai){lit;  pruncular,  postoiiilar,  tynipauic,  siiid  parii-tal  spiiicti  :iud  ridges 
present,  all  rather  delicate,  tlio  Hpiiies  soiUKwbjit  appraised,  tbe  piirietal 
ridges  diverging  backward  in  slight  outward  curves.  Ititerorbital  Np;ice 
1^  In  orbit,  a  little  cui>i:ave,  with  a  pair  of  low  ridge»  and  a  aballow  itiedlan 
groove  between  tlieni.  Orbit  hijili  up,  nearly  rir<nlar,  4  in  head,  its  pos- 
terior dm  at  about  middle  of  length  of  head.  I'ruorhital  scitrcely  lobate 
on  its  iitargin,  iisiuilly  with  1  abort  triangular  spine  posteriorly;  sub- 
orbital stay  uot  visible  externally;  preopercular  spines  all  directt-d  bark- 
ward,  the  2  uppermost  closer  together  than  the  otbirs,  the  2  lowermost 
weak;  opercular  spiues  rather  ouuill,  Hharji,  without  visible  ridgex;  mouth 
nearly  horizontal,  the  tip  of  the  upper  ji»w  nearly  on  a  level  with  the  lower 
rim  of  iho  orbit;  inaxilliary  2*  in  head,  its  posterior  end  reaching  about 
to  vertir;*!  I'ntni  iioaterlor  rim  of  orbit;  Inwi-r  jaw  very  slightly  projertiiig, 
with  a  aligbt  eyiuphyseal  knob.  Teeth  on  jaws,  vomer,  and  palatiur.'s,  the 
baiid.<)  on  the  latter  narrow.  Gill  rakers  rather  slender,  2  to  3  in  orbit,  23 
on  anterior  limb  of  tirst  arch.  Fourth  dorsiU  apiue  highest,  \\\  in  head; 
the  membrane  of  the  tirst  dorsal  very  deeply  incised,  reaching  only  t  of 
tbe  way  up  on  tbe  anterior  side  of  the  third,  and  about  J  of  the  way  up 
on  the  fourlb  apinc,  nearly  to  the  tip  of  the  twelfth,  and  about  bulfway 
np  ou  tbu  tbtrtcfotli  «pino;  soft  rays  lower  than  tbe  spinea,  about  \\  in 
the  longeMt  spine;  eambil  tin  truncate,  with  11  or  12  fiill-length  raya,  about 
IJ  in  bead;  second  anal  spine  longer  and  nuiuh  stronger  than  the  third, 
2}  in  head,  \\  in  the  soft  rays;  pectoral  tin  reaihiug  to  or  a  little  beyond 
vent,  'A\  in  length  of  body,  the  median  rays  longest,  the  8  lower  niys 
anbranelH-d  and  thickoui-d,  base  of  fiu  3  iu  its  length;  ventrals  reaching 
not  quite  to  vent,  the  Apitie  about  e<|iial  to  third  anal  spine.  Seuk-s  rather 
Htnnll,  those  of  body,  cheeks,  nud  interorbital  space  all  ctenoid,  those  of 
Ikreiiat  ryeloid ;  maxillary  with  ininnte  scales,  lower  JaAv  and  top  of  head 
naked;  ucci'ssory  senlcs  lew.  some  of  thera  ctenoid.  Color  iu  formalin: 
head  blarkinh  above;  lips  dimky;  a  dark  band  from  front  of  orbit  for- 
ward ntnng  snlH  ot  tinont;  a  dark  stripe  od  masillary;  a  blackish  oliva- 
ceous baud  from  preorbital  backward  and  downward  across  [ireoperclo; 
another  broader  baud  from  posterior  rim  of  orbit  across  preopercle  and 
lower  end  ot'  subopercle;  a  dark  blotch  on  oporcle;  a  blackish  area  in 
Croat  of  dorsal  and  in  front  of  tirst  and  second  apines,  extending  with 


1824         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


iutcmiptions  to  axils  of  ]>ectoral8,  and  on  t<>  the  base  of  the  liu,  and  down- 
ward and  backward  in  a  narrow  broketi  band  ton-nrd  the  vent ;  atiotber 
band  from  Welow  sixtli  audseventli  denial  spinoH  downward  anil  backward 
uearlj-  to  origin  of  nnal;  a  third  short  one  from  bebiw  ninth  and  tenth 
spinea  to  latenil  linti;  11  broad  one  under  soft  dorsal  eKteading  below  lat- 
eral line  and  aimtbcr  :icroHS  back  oriR-duncle;  all  these  dark  iireas  eixtend 
np  on  the  dor»iil  liu,  their  outline^  are  not  sharply  defined,  nud  they,  »» 
well  as  the  lighterarcas  of  the  body,  are  mottled  with  soattcn-d  and  much 
darker  spots;  the  lighter  areas  of  the  iiide»>  were  in  the  freab  8tut«  n  dull 
brii'k  red,  bcc(imin>;  Iight'«r  below;  dorsal  membrane  blackish  between 
flrst  and  thini,  and  between  liltli  and  eleventh  npinea;  soft  dorsal  8|Kitted, 
with  bhickisb  auteriorly;  membrane  of  caiidiil  dusky,  the  ilark  mnch 
broken  into  Hpots;  unal  and  vciitr:ilt>  dnsky ;  pectorals  with  a  broad  trons- 
Terae,  dark,  Hpatteil  band  ni-^r  base,  and  a  transverse  dusky  area  with 
darker  spotM  un  distal  half;  ruia  in  life  probably  more  or  less  tinged 
with  the  reddish  <-o1or;  peritoneum  fvhite.  Coast  of  California,  rare:  3 
specimens  from  8an  Francisco  market,  7^,  8^,  and  8^  inches  long;  apeci- 
mens  also  taken  at  Monterey.     (Named  tor  Dr.  Charles  Henry  Gilbert.) 

BAartodn  gitbtrti.  CtLkUSH,  Proc.  CoL  Ac  Sci.  189C,  2il,  vriUi  platu,  San  Francisco.    (CoU. 
Dr.  Jordan.) 


2228.  SEBISTODES  ('AB>ATl!K  (Jordan  tc  Gilbert). 
(Fi.esn-roi.oREn  Kockpisr.) 

Head  2?;  depth  25,    D.  XIII,  13;  A.  in,  6;  pyloric  ewca  8:  vertebra; 

12-f-15;  8<'aIeH  43.  Itoily  rather  Hlmrt  and  det<p;  mouth  low  and  rather 
short,  maxilltiry  e%tci)iliir;f  t»  r.ithev  behind  postf-rior  edge  of  eye,  its 
length  2  in  bead;  prcmitxillary  entirely  below  eye;  jaws  abont  equal;  no 
BymphyBeai  kimb.  Scales  ou  lir>ad  rather  rougher  than  in  •S'.  ckryto- 
milat;  loweT  Jaw,  maxillary,  space  in  Iront  of  eye,  and  nasal  region 
naked.  Cranial  ridgeH  well  ileveloped,  but  Hnmewhat  lower  than  in  S, 
chrntomeUtH,  covered  with  thick  akin.  Gill  rakers  short,  clavate.  Spi- 
nous dorsal  always  Iiif^her  thun  in  .n".  rhnjKfimthm,  the  highest  t-pines  2  in 
bead,  rather  higher  than  the  soft  rays,  the  mL'tubraiiea  more  deeply  iuci8c^d 
than  in  N.  rhiiiHonuldt;  caudal  truncate;  anal  modoratelyhigh, second  spine 
2}  in  bead,  stron^^r  and  slightly  longer  than  third,  about  }  height  of  soft 
rays;  pectorals  rather  short,  SJ  in  head,  nbont  reaching  to  vent,  their 
bases  very  broad,  the  lower  ray«  thickened  ami  tli-sby ;  vcntrals  reai-bing 
vent.  Bones  of  skull  moderately  thin;  ]iri'ocular,  postocnlar,  tympanic, 
and  parietal  KpiiieM  presenf,  nliarp  and  strong,  the  ridges  high  and  strong: 
parietal  bones  widely  separated;  iuterorbital  opace  5  in  base  of  nkull, 
concave;  ventral  process  of  basiaphenoid  well  developed,  mesethmoid 
processes  oompiUHSed,  thin,  very  mnch  elevated,  the  points  curved  down- 
ward; base  of  skull  straight.  Yellowish  brown,  with  blot^be^  of  dear 
Hetih  color  or  pinkish,  the  <Iark  color  predominating  above,  the  pinkish 
below ;  membrane  between  third  and  fourth  spuies  always  pale,  this  color 
fonning  a  blotch  at  the  base  nf  IhoHc  spines,  and  then  extending  obli<)uely 
downward  and  backward,  oaually  joining  the  ventral  color;  in  front  of 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann, — Fishes  of  North  America,     1825 


thi«  light  area  onthesirles  is  a  narrow  oblique  dark  one,  in  front  of  which 
in  turn  In  a  pale  one.  whicli  befrins  at  angle  of  oporrlo  and  divideH,  pass- 
ing aronnd  peotnralH  and  nniting  below  tlieiii ;  a  light  blotch  nniler  eighth 
dorsal  spine,  extemling  np  on  the  tin ;  another  at  Junotiou  of  the  2  dorsals, 
and  ivuothor  iiiidvr  last,  ray;  under  each  of  rhene  are  irrcgnlar  undulating 
palt>  areas;  aides  with  pale  blotrlins  of  all  sizes;  head  »l>ove  with  cross 
shades  and  bands  radiating  from  eye,  its  light  sha<liia  tinged  with  pnndish ; 
fins  rolored  like  neighboring  parts  of  body;  poritoneuiii  white.  Length 
11  inches.  Coastof  California,  from  Sau  IMego  to  San  Francisco;  nbnndant 
in  Very  shallow  water,  the  young  living  close  to  the  shore  among  rocks. 
(<<arno(u«,  flesh-colored.) 

ttwhiky  eamalv^.S^vOiiKS  II  GrumT,  Proc  U.  S-  Nat.  Miih.  11)80,  73,    Monterey 
(f  V>ll.  Jonlan  Jt  Kilbvrt) ,  BlORniAK.V  k.  BlORiWAint.  Wtiat  Amcricau  SoleDtl«t  1880,  W), 
~iMMiilu<U*t»nuUUl,  JOHSAK  &.  OUBBIIT,  Syoopais,  074, 1883. 


nw.  SEBAST0DE8  CHBTSOKELAS  (Jonlui  it  Oll)>ert). 
(BULCK  AjfU  Veixow  KocKnsH.) 

Head  2};  depth  2),  D.  XII,  I,  13:  A.  Ill,  6;  scales  -15.  no<ly  8hoTt  and 
stout,  compressed,  ilcad  short,  bluutisb.  Mouth  rather  small,  entirely 
below  the  axis  of  the  liody;  lower  jaw  slightly  included;  premaxillariea 
on  level  of  lower  edge  of  orbit:  maxillary  reaching  ponterior  margin  of 
eye,  its  lengtli  2  in  liead;  preorbital  wide.  Cranial  ridges  covered  with 
thick  skin,  ending  in  strong  npincs  which  diverge  Vxickward ;  preoperculur 
spines  short  and  thick;  gill  rakers  as  in  Sehattorirt  c^irnaliu.  Scjtics 
moderate,  rough,  the  nrocssory  ones  few;  li>wer  Jaw,  maxillary,  nasal 
region,  and  space  in  front  of  eye  naked.  Itorsal  spines  high  and  strong, 
the  highest  2i  in  heiid,  rather  higher  than  soft  ruys,  the  tin  deeply 
emarginate;  second  anal  spiite2t  in  hciid,  uinch  stronger  than  third,  the  two 
about  e(|Uj\l  in  length;  pectoral  3f  in  head,  with  very  broad  ba«<>,  reach- 
ing beyond  tip*,  of  ventral*,  which  reach  nearly  to  vent;  lower  pectoral 
rays  thickcne<l ;  caudal  truncate.  Uonca  of  skull  rather  thin;  proocniiir, 
postooalar,  tympanic,  and  occipital  spines  present,  the  ridges  very  high 
and  strong;  parietal  bones  iiuito  far  apart,  sometimes  nearly  meeting; 
internrbital  space,  in  its  narrowest  part  aljont  5}  in  baae  of  skull,  concave; 
ventral  process  of  boaisphenoid  strongly  develi>ped :  nie«ethmoid  processea 
long,  compressed,  thin,  elevutc<l;  base  of  skull  straight.  Patt«rn  of 
eulnration  precisely  as  in  •^.  carnatuif,  the  colore  difl'erent;  the  light  sbikxlo 
a  clear,  warm,  brownish  yellow,  with  Home  specks  of  deeper  oninge, 
varying  from  a  dusky  orange  to  olivaceous  yellow,  the  latter  color  more 
often  seen  on  the  belly ;  dark  sh.ido,  blivck  or  dark  brown,  with  Blight 
olive  tinge;  dark  color  |>rodominating  on  back;  membrane  between  third 
and  fourth  dorsal  spines  and  an  urea  at  biise  of  these  spines  always  pale; 
B  yellow  blotch  extending  thence  downward  and  backward,  usually  join- 
ing the  light  color  of  belly;  another  light  area  passing  from  near  angle 
of  opercle  uruund  pectorals,  uniting  below  them;  3  other  blotches  along 
bark,  1  nnder  eighth  dorsal  spine,  1  iiuder  last  spine,  and  1  under  hist 
Bofl  rnjr ;  trom  each  of  these,  irregular  pale  areas  extend  down  tlie  aides; 


182G         Bulieiin  fj,  United  Slates  NoHonal  Museum. 


(inn  thn  color  of  tbe  reg^iun  to  wliii'li  they  lieloiig;  betiil  above  with 
(liiHky  iToss  sliaileH  and  faint  b.iniU  rarli.-ttinf  from  eye;  perit'Oiii'tim  pa]«. 
LeiijTtb  13  incbeA.  Pacille  coast  of  Ainericu,  from  Puf^et  Sound  to  SiUi 
Uie)^u;  abiiuilaut  in  rat lii-r  deep  -water;  northern  specimens  more  dail  in 
color  tbttn  tbosc  from  Sun  Francisco,     (xpvtfo;,  gold;  /le'AtrS,  bbusk.) 

HtboMiithih}!*  cktynnmflai,  JiiRPAN  &  OlLDEBT, Proc.  V.  &,  Nat.  Mna.  IMM, 4&S and  465.  Mon- 
terey.   (Type,  Nu.  MOtW.    ("oil.  Jurdan  i  GIIIktI.) 

StboMtichUiyt  chr)iinmrliui  vnr.  i>\irj>ure\tt,'  BlOEXMAlTM  &  KIOECMANH,  Wpat  AmvrkMn 
Sci<^Dtlat  l8iW.  i:iO,  San  Diego. 

StbOMlMlfJi  chTytomrlaf.  Joitn&M  &:  GILARRT,  SynoiwiH.  675,  IB83. 


ii$a,  8E0AST0DES  XEBITLOSCS  (Ayra8>. 
(Y«t.U)W-sPOtt«b  RoOKrtSH.) 

Head  3;  depth  2J;  eye  large,  3  in  bend.  D,  XIII.  13;  A.  Ill,  7;  lateral 
line  4i.i.  liody  robust,  tbo  bucl(  elevated,  tbe  profile  steep.  Mouth  rather 
large,  the  Jaws  equal,  tbo  maxillary  2  in  Icngtb  of  head,  extending  to 
beyond  papil;  jawa  naked;  prpopercular  spines  short.  Oill  rakers  its  in 
S.  clirynomtlna.  Dorsal  rathiT  bi;;h,  considerably  emarginate,  the  highest 
spines  2  in  head,  higher  than  soft,  raye;  candnl  truncate;  second  anal 
Kpiue  2|  ju  head,  stouter  aud  (ili);btly  longer  than  third,  much  lower  than 
soft  rays:  lu-t'torals  nhort  and  Itroad,  3^  in  lougtb,  reaching  beyond  tips 
of  ventruls  to  vent.  .Si.'ak'«  nmjih,  the  accessory  scales  nnmerons.  Bones 
of  skull  modwittely  thin:  preociihir.  postociilar,  tympanic,  and  parietal 
spines  present,  the  rid^fea  vi-ry  high  and  strong;  parietal  boues  for  apart; 
iuterorliitul  apace  narrow,  5  in  biisc  of  fknll,  made  dt^eply  concave  by  the 
very  high  aupruoccipital  ridges,  with  nearly  Hat  center:  rentral  process 
of  liasi.sjihonoid  well  developed,  mosethinoid  processes  compressed,  thin, 
ninth  pleviiti'd;  base  of  skull  straight,  (iroiuul  color  bine  black  of  vary- 
ing shade,  aonu'tiiuoji  tinged  with  y<!lIowiah  anteriorly,  everywhere  liuely 
and  irregularly  freckled  and  spotted  with  yellow  or  white,  the  light  color 
usually  bright  and  sharply  defined;  thesH  spots  smallest  and  most  numer- 
ous ou  Lead;  a  broad  irregular  yellow  baud,  ino^lo  of  confluent  blotches, 
from  between  third  aud  fourth  dorsal  spines,  involving  their  membrane, 
downward  to  latiTnl  line,  thence  baekw;ird  to  base  of  caadal;  fins  all 
blaek,  with  light  spots  at  basr;  under  parts  soiled  yellow;  peritoneam 
pale.  I.,ength  12  inches.  Pacific  coa«t  of  Anierii-a,  from  Vancouver  Island 
to  Point  Coueepciou;  a  very  pretty  species,  in  rather  deep  water;  uban- 
daut.    (nehulot*u,  clouded.) 


•  I>r.  EiaeDDiimn  Cliiia  descrili«?<  Stbafliehlhyi  chrytomtUit  p^irpvrttu: 
*^  The  KitpniiK'ulnr  spluo.-^  are  niined  much  uiiuvu  lh<«  HurroiiniliTig  parta,  Dorsal  III  ODO 
ft|irv'linrn  Xlll.  13|  in  tlicntltrr  XIV.  12J.  Mi'inbraiii«ofiill  tlir  liosdurk  Kr«<riiii>)i.  tipped 
with  {Mirple.  Haa«]  of  auni  yoUuw.  Hr.ud  uml  liuck  durk  bronm ;  h)wer  portions  of  niilf* 
piiriild,  uaae  ot  piMStoral  aud  lu  >i|>p<ir  Iwll'  hrnwn,  tlnt;ed  with  yellow.  A  purple  bur  <-x- 
ivniliiig  from  eye  downward  iind  bnckwnrd  t«  !>ul>o(M)rcle.  bclow'whtch  ia  a  groinLsh  luind. 
(illl  iiifnihraiiesaod  meiubraneH  IwIkk  nuiidlnrj.breoet, and  hidlydirlv yellow;  mNDdiblea 
purple.  Ii>»ir  lip  yclhiw  up|M'r  siuti"  blue.  niemhraiieA  hptwcen  third  Bud  fourth  and 
aoTenth  and  eighth  ilorfial  nplnea  purple,  the  color  i*xiendni);  nn  back:  a  aimilar  ajiot  OD 
and  below  Inat  dornal  aploo;  aidcH  irr«xularly  blotched  with  puri>le,  this  color  uot  formJiig 
a  bond  ntodK  posterior  part  of  latiTul  lino.  ' ' 

Two apeouueD*  from  t^e San  Diego iimrkot.  (KleeumaDn  tc  Elgcnmaun.)  Whether  thia 
la  a  diittiuct  aiiecie*  ur  aimply  an  latenalCloation  of  the  mual  black  and  orange  ooloraUoo 
we  cautiot  determlDA. 


/kbaiUifaMeiatut,  Gibabd,  Proc.  Ao.  Nat.  Sol.  PhiU.  1854, 116.  mnd  In  U.  S.  Pao.  B.  K  Surr., 

X,  Fisbea,  79,  1&58,  San  Franciico;  untaf  Storbb. 
Sebatttt  nttntlotn*,  Atrss,  Pror.  ChI.  Ac.  Sci-.  i,  18M,  5,  San  Francisco, 
SebtuHdUhy/ojieiolaTit,  Ixk-kinotoK,  Pnx!.  U.S.  Nat. Mud.  1880.  2U7.  San  Franciaco. 
SrbattodeM  ntbulomt.  Jobdak  &.  Gilbert,  Sfnopaia,  070, 1883 ;  UKaHBK,Pruu.  Cal.  Ao.  SeL, 

aeries  2,  V,  18B5,  003,  pi.  <7,  Qg.  32. 

Subgenua  SEBASTICHTHYS,  dill. 
iSSl.  HKBA!iT(mE.S  SEKKIIKPK  (Jordau  &.  UUbert). 

(TBKtFISU.) 

Head  3;  deptb  2A;  iicctonil  3i;  i-jo  siimll,  ;j  id  lieud.  li.Xni.13;  A. 
Ill,  5;  8culc«  "lO.  Hiiiiy  robust,  foinpreastid  behind.  litiad  rompressud. 
Moutli  larj;e,  tlio  luaxillary  rtrafhinj;  to  appuaite  iniddlu  nf  ««ye,  its  loug^th 
2i  ii)  {lead;  Jaws  equal.  C'l-aiiial  rid>;e8  covered  witb  lax,  thick  skiti,. 
placed  ni'arSy  in  a  rij^lit  liui;  on  eacli  side;  interorI>itiil  space  cloBoly 
scaled;  prcoTlnt;il  nithor  ttroad;  prooperciilar  spines  aliarp;  jawh  naked; 
inenibrimwi  of  Bpiuuus  dortiiil  thiclk,  covered  witli  amaU  scales.  Oill 
raktjrs  short,  still",  aud  clavato.  Dorsal  Hpinea  strong,  riither  low,  scarcely 
exserted,  lower  tlian  tliu  soft  rays,  the  longest  2J  in  be-id;  second  una] 
Hpines  2i  in  head,  stronger  th;in  third,  scarcely  longer;  pectorals  hmud 
and  rounded,  the  lower  rays  thickened,  the  tipo  reaching  vent;  veutrala 
reachiii,C!  Ix^youd  vent;  caudal  rriunded.  BoDe8oft(knll  moderately  thick; 
preocular,  poatociilar,  tyniimnic,  parii^al,  and  nurjjal  Hpines  jiresent,  short, 
thick,  rather  blunt,  the  ridges  very  thick  and  high;  iiiichiil  apineK  aouie- 
tinieii  coaleaceut  with  parietala;  parietal  bonea  aievtin^;  iu  a  straight  line; 
interorhital  space  narrow,  t!  in  ha-te  of  skull,  coucavo;  2  atron;,'  rid;iea 
over  macoaa  canals;  ventral  process  of  basisphenuid  well  dovelajied; 
mosctlimoid  prouesses  stronj;,  compresseil,  slightly  elevated,  distal  half 
deciirved;  base  of  skull  straight..  Dark  olive^  blackish  above,  yellowish 
below;  sides  with  about  7  oblique  black  cross  bands,  wider  than  eye, 
naually  sharply  defineil,  t)ut  suiuetiines  fuiut  iu  the  young;  2  black  bnudA 
downwfinl  and  backward  t'rom  oyo;  lifis,  mouth,  front  and  lower  ])iirt  of 
head  strongly  washed  with  coppery  red;  bases  of  Una  with  small  whitish 
spots*,  fins  blackish  olive;  cranial  ridges  black;  perituueniD  pale.  Length 
12  inches.  Coast  of  California,  from  Point  Keyes  to  t'erros  Island;  very 
abundant  southward,  about  rocks  near  shore;  one  of  the  most  singularly 
marked  of  the  rocklishes,     (»<Tr(i,  saw;  -ceps,  head.) 

Sebattichlhyt  trrr ieept,  J OBVAK  ti.  GlLDKBT,  Proc.  l'.  S.  Nat.  Mutt.  1880, 38,  Santa  Catalina 
Island;  Santa  Barbara.    (Typo.  No.  26018.    Cull.  Jurtlau  &.  Gilbert.) 

SebeModa  terrieepn.  Joboan  Si.  (iiutairr,  SynupaU,  670,1883;  Cbameii,  Proc.  CaL  Ao.  Sni., 
•ertea  2,  v,  18«6, 601,  pL  05,  fig.  23. 

nZt.  8EDA»T0UKS  MtiBOCLXCTlS  (Ayroa). 
(Black-bakskd  Rockfish.) 

Head  2»;  depth  21} ;  eyo  large,  4^  in  head.  D.  XIII,  15;  A.  111,7;  scales 
50.  Itody  short,  dee]),  aud  compressed,  deeper  than  iu  any  of  the  other 
species;  back  arched.    Head  large,  compressed.    Mouth  very  large ;  max- 


I 


1828        Buiklin47>  United  States  National  Museum. 


illary  extenflinj;  to  beyond  pnpil,  2  in  head;  lower  jaw  very  slightly  pro- 
Jecting,  tlie  syuiphyHia  not  produced ;  premaxillary  scarcely  below  ey«. 
Cranial  riilgca  higher  Minn  iii  any  other  species,  thrir  Kpitie«  blaiit,  tlie 
ridgBB  arranged  in  2  nearly  parallel  Heriea  as  in  S.  terricepi,  the  snrfaM  of 
the  larger  ones  roughened  hy  anessory  spinoas  tnberclea  aa  in  S.  rvAcr- 
rimua;  occipital  ridges  very  high;  skin  covering  cranial  ridges  thin  or 
obsolftc,  not  lax;  interorhital  space  sparsely  8<-aIe<l,  very  narrow,  its 
hreailth  a  little  more  than  i  diameter  of  eye,  with  very  strong  frontal 
ridgcts,  which  aro  not  covered  by  the  scales ;  jaws  naked ;  preorbiial  broail, 
alow  ridge  extouding  along  it«  surface  nud  that  of  the  suborbital;  this 
ridge,  somewhat  roagh  and  not  covered  with  the  scales,  is  continnonii 
with  the  abort  saboribital  stay;  preopercular  spines  short,  very  blnut, 
the  opercular  Hpiiir's  very  strong;  scapular  spines  moderate.  Gill  rakers 
short  and  aUtut,  claviite,  the  longest  nearly  \  the  diameter  of  the  eye. 
Domalspiueti  rather  high  andstrcnig,  the  longest  2:^  in  head,  about  as  high 
OS  8') ft  rays,  the  tin  nut  deeply  emnrginate;  caudal  fin  rounded;  anal  tin 
high,  Its  second  spiuc'  2{  in  head,  higher  anil  mac;h  .stronger  than  the  third; 
pectnnils  brcKid,  fan-shaped,  3}  iu  length,  tlieir  base  i  broader  than  the 
diameter  of  the  orbit,  their  tips  nut  quite  reaching  tips  of  ventrals.  Scales 
rongh.  liase  of  Kknil  nearly  tttraigbt;  iuterurliital  space  concave  and 
narrow,  about  6  iu  base  of  skull;  process  of  uiesethnioid  directed  nearly 
hori/ontally  (In  an  old  specimen);  ventral  process  of  baslHphenoid  well 
develojifid;  cranial  ridgiM  very  Htroikg  aud  high;  int«rorbital space  widen- 
ing qaite  markedly  buck  ward,  pariotiila  inet'liug  in  luidiUe  lines.  Uright 
oraiigo  red.  with  .'i  jot-black  vertical  bars,  overlaid  with  bright  ro<l;  thrM 
bars  coniitarativdly  narrow,  none  of  them  wider  than  eye;  1  at  Ix^ginnlng 
of  dorsal,  extending  downward  on  opcrcle  and  scapular  region;  a  second, 
broader  ouo,  under  middle  of  spiuouM  dorsal;  u  third  under  posterior  part 
of  i*piiiouH  dorsal ;  the  fourth  nurrower,  under  fnmtof  soft  dorsal;  the  fifth 
under  niiddlc  of  Hoft  dorsal,  ull  of  tlicflo  extending  on  the  dorsal  fm ;  2 
oblique  lila<-k  bauds  from  oye,  downward  iind  backward  across  cheek; 
another  upward  and  back  ward  toward  the  nape;  fins  nniforuidcepuriiiige, 
anal  and  ventral.s  tipped  with  blackish;  nioutli  red;  peritoneum  white. 
Length  2  foi't.  I'licilic  coast  of  America,  from  Monterey  to  Vancouver 
Island,  iu  deep  water;  very  rare  southward;  occasionally  abont  the  Faral- 
lones,  where  the  spcciuicns  hero  described  were  taken ;  rather  common  in 
the  straits  of  Jnitn  dt^  Knca;  a  large  ami  singular  species,  the  mo«t  strik- 
ing in  color  of  the  group,  and  acareely  leM  beautiful  than  Sfbtmlodct  rubri' 
rintfut.  It  is  eNndently  closely  related  to  Hebastodn  urriape.  (»»</tr,  black ; 
oitto(M(,  girdle.) 

SdMUltst  niffrocincUu,  Atrjis,  Fnic.  CaL  An.  $o).,  n,  ISSO,  2S  and  317,  flg. 6,  Sae  Pranciaco. 
Stbastielilki/i  uigroriiict-uit,  Oll.L.  Proc.  Ae.  Nat.  Sci.  Philii.  1862,  '."78. 
Sthatlwlrt  nigrocineluM,  Juuuan  &  Uli.BliUT.  SyaopcU,  0T7, 1883. 

NoTK.— For  piirpo,seB  of  comparison  we  here  append  diagnoMB  of  the 
\'emainiug  known  species  of  SibwstodcM. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1829 

I.  SPBCnS    BEU.TKP   to   SEBASTODRS   XXUSKm  AND   8,  OVAUB,    rBOM    tns    NOBTHDN 

SuoEKs  or  Japax. 

•.  SEBASTODE!*  I.XEBXIN  (CnTier  &:  ValeDaiennes). 

(Ue  wabu.) 

Heftd  very  alieblly  inure  Itiaa  dnplli;  riBpUi  2J  \a  3.  I>.  Xfll,  15;  A.  Itl,  7;  Isitnral 
UDD38lo42ii)urL>!<i.  Nooul.  iiroornlui,  puolocular.  t.viupuuic.aniliiarivtaliiiiiiiK-ipreiwul.iill 
ruduuentiry .  li|ii>«r  {irulUe  of  \wat\  riaiD); rathi<r  rapiilly,  without  eurvlnx,  to  tlio Hli{;liUy 
curvtHliia|xi.  Head  pointed  forward.  Lover  jnwprujcH'tiug,  irilli  nynipbysekl  knob.  Orbit 
rntber  mor«  I  ban  3  1o  3{;  Boout  (to  tip  uf  <-bio)  2)  to  S] ;  intcrorbtlAl  apjice  4^  I41  i\  in  bviid. 
Miiutb  <ibli<)ae.  Maxillary  triM'hing  niidtUo  or  e.vp  or  a  lilllti  l>e)-t>nil.  Teetli  lu  narrow 
bimda 011  Ji»«n,  vomer, anil  palatiuiM.  I'reorbilal  low,  with  2  atroBg epine»  dlrecti'il  bmk- 
warit.  Maxillary  and  maiulibk<  »i«ly.  Upper  uutllni<  of  ■pimma  dnmol  i|tiiU»  mrongly 
onrvwi.  Iil'tli  ami  niKtli  Hpinea  nearly  (  ms  long  wt  bead,  Itrat  spiuc  hut  littii^  morn  than 
\  orbit,  lla-  tn  elftb  about  equal  to  snout.  Vvntrale  ibuiit  :!i,  p«vt<jriil  iiltout  1^.  c'4iadal 
about  \\  ill  bend;  verlralit  roachiiig  nearly  uk  far  lisrk  as  louKest  pectoral  rayii,  la  aouio 
ciuee  nenrly  to  origin  of  anal;  tiiH'oiiii  anal  spins  KtrtjngtT.  Minietluiva  a  little  ehortfr, 
•otneUniHii  .1  bttte  longer  than  third:  <-4iuiljd  nearly  truiicAt<!.  Maxillary  eitreinely 
weakly  aratcd;  maQilibln  («{«.'),  Bnont.and  pivurbital  Hualeleaa,  Latural line psrallot  with 
doraiii  oullioo,  38  tn  VI  |K)rea  uii  body,  2  on  vuiidal.  Itlackiah  gray  or  rt»ddi«h  Tlolvt,  paler 
below.    Abundant  at  Tokiu.     (Stctndiwbuvr  &  Dt3derleln.> 

8eba»le*  intrmit,  Cutieb  St  VALEMcrENNKS,  Hist.  Xat.  Poisa.,  fv,  MS.  1839,  Japan  (lnt«r- 
orbltal  apaee  not  tMUcave).  GUnthkb,  Cat..  11.  97,  1800;  Hilokxiiurf,  Siix.-Iterlobt. 
Creaell.  nattirf.  »i<iinde.  I^rlin.  17'.',  1880;  STStXDACIUfBB  ic  DOOKSUUW,  Deokaclir. 
Akod.  Wiss.  Wien  IS&l.-JOS. 

6.  SEBAKTUDE.S  YE\TBI€0Sl'8  (Temmlnck  k  ScliIeRvI). 

Upper  iiirfac*  of  heart  flat,  the  ridRM  and  spines  very  feeblo;  interorbital  width  5  la 
hexl,  lowvr  Jnw  acutely  pnuiiincnt;  maxillary  reaching  middlu  of  eye.  Fourth  dorsal 
spine  lonjscst,  nearly  i  length  of  hood,  much  longer  than  tlilrd  anal  spinn.  Brownish. 
Sea  of  Japan.    (Giinthrr.) 

Uilgendorf  regards  A'.  cmtrieMtu  aa  Identical  with  &  inermtt,  Cnvior  &  ValenciennM: 
but  It  sppeara  to  bediaUnot. 

Stbattft  rtnlrieoTUf,  TBMMITfCK  &  SCHLEOEL,  Fauna  Japnn.,  rnias.,t8.  pi.  XS,  flga.  1,  3, 
1843;  Bleeicee,  Verhond.  llatuv.  Ucnootsoh.,  xxvi,  8U;  GCN'I'HEB,  Cat.,  u,  07,  ISau. 

e.  8EBASTUUEH  JOT^EIU  <Oiuither). 

(TOKEKOKO  MB  WABU.) 

Bead  3  to3|;  d«ptb  3.  D.  XIII,  14  or  IS;  A.  Til.  7;  P.  16  (V) ;  lateral  Hdu  about  42  to 
49(;ioro8|.  Orbit  3;  snout  and  luterorbilol  wiilth  tnore  thou  3}  in  head.  Muutb  uiddrnile, 
ulilii|tic:  prnvecting  biwtir  jaw  with  MyiuphyAPnl  knob.  Teeth  delicate,  ahurp.  iu  uon-ow 
bonds.  Maxillary  nut  iinlte  rvaohing  middle  of  vyo.  I'reorbital  low  (brood 0  with  2 
strong  spint>s  dirieted  downward  and  backward.  Firxt  (uppermost)  spine  of  preopcrole 
a  little  weaker  than  the  fifth;  seoimd  longest,  the  ottacrs  drnroasing  rapidly  in  length. 
Opercular  spines  panUlf>l,  the  npper  stronger,  Maxilluryi  under  side  of  lower  Jaw,  as  in 
S.  inmnu.  Freurbital  and  greater  l>art  of  snout  (nearly  whole  bead  except  lipa)  sealed. 
Porra  of  lower  Jaw  iuranaplcuous.  Fourth  to  aixtli  dorsal  apinea  longest.  2  iu  head;  sec- 
ond anal  apine  atrougi-r  but  eijuai  to  third  in  length,  2  iu  head.  Pectoral  somewhat 
pointed  toward  tlfr,  as  long  ait  or  only  n  little  uhurter  thau  liead,  rtmcbiog  beyond  rent  or 
evva  to  origin  o(  unsJ.  Ventral  and  eaudal  ](  in  head,  tlici  latt«r  slightly  concave;  basal 
half  of  spinous  dorsal  with  minute  scales;  whole  of  soft  dorsal,  anal,  and  caudal  com- 
plet«lf  scaled.    Color  io  life  (DOdorlein),  rod,  darker  on  the  back;  6  bUokiah  oroM 


1830         Bulletin  //,  United  States  National  Museum. 


I  ronning  upon  donal  fin  sod  rndlnic  bdow  (ercoiit  BBBcad  md  thtrii  at  Imleial  Ilnr 
ImI  t  bands  nbort.  ruaaded;  thi>  tongcat  2.  middle  b&nds  *oin«tim<w  intCTTn|)t«<l.  imi  I. 
■oaMtimeiifoniiiuc^Bputt.  LeogtbOttjicbm.  JspuD;  Xi|>lion,Tokio:  appanrntl)  iodarp 
wiitor.  (^temdachncr  ti.  I>iWl>Tleiii.)  ErroDeoiuljr  ldenUfl«d  wlUi  H,  imtrmit,  Cvrter  k 
TaleD«lenDea,  by  IlilKondorf  and  Dwlprlriu. 
MiOHbtt  Joynm,  GDMtbu.  Ana.  aod  M»g   Nat.  Hiat.,  I.  187S,  US,  Niphen:  Challcocv 

Report.  Shore  Fl*li«»,  «.  pi. 29.  hc.  A,  igMt. 
ANu<a>  nwrmif.  HiijaeirDDBr,  S.B.(iMolLn*lurt  Freonde.  BFtlin,  172,  with  pUte,  Htm 

STKtSDAcnxRB  &  DOdebucw,  DenkMk.  Akad.  Wiaa.  Wien,  'J06. 1884. 


d.  ^EBLSTODES  CLEGjIXS  (StcJndaehiier  b.  Did«rieUi). 

Head  aiid  depth  2}.  D.  XIII,  11;  A.  Ill,  6;  acalw  35  rpom).  Natal,  pnatocnUtf.  t^w 
panic,  and  occipital  apino*  preaeot,  but  iitUe  dereloped.  Orbit  3}  in  head,  and  attain*  | 
uX  miont,  \  of  iut«rorliital  npac-ci.  Mazillarr  reacbing  poKterior  rim  of  orbit.  Teeth  la 
rattier  narroir  Imndii.  Inferior  border  of  preortrital  (lightly  ainnate.  MaxiUarf,  man- 
dible, and  proorbilal  naked .  Pore6  on  lower  Juw  plain.  Fuurtli  tt>  seventh  doraal  apiana 
longeat:  Beoond  anal  apinealltUe  atron^r  and  lower  than  third;  idl  the  pectoral  rayi 
are  simple  faoid  by  Stelndacbari  to  be  only  a  perultarit^-  a{  youn;;  IndivldnaU) :  raodal 
truDt-ulf.  The  rollDwinf:  (ueaAart-menta  are  taken  with  the  bead  aaatandarrl;  Widtliur 
head  1^.  fourth  dunul  spiui- 4^.  penultimate  4),  the  loat  3^;  domal  rays  '1\,  |>eotor»I  1|. 
ventrala  1) :  buae  of  pcitoral  3] ;  Tentral«  reaching  to  Tonl,  the  pectorals  )>eyond.  Color 
Uicbt:  iHMly  with  S  dark  brown,  more  or  loat  interrupted  cross  haBdn;  fuiiiilar  apoca  eor 
erlntc  Boa  and  under  aide  nf  head  and  body;  bead  dark  above  and  ifith  ssv«ral  dark- 
brown  liands  radiating  from  eye.  A  aiuKlo  individual.  Tagawa.  Length  3|  laobts. 
(StoiBdaehner  ti.  DtiUerlein.) 

BtbatUt  tUgant,  Stkinuaciineb  II  DOobblbih,  Dflnkaelir.  Akad.  Wlaa.  Wion,  aos,  MK 
Tarawa. 

1.  8EBi.t)T0UES  STEIXDACUXEBI  (HUEcndotf). 

(AXA  Boi :  Taxaqi  in>  mai.) 

tIoad3|.  D.Xm.lS;  A.m.T;  P.18(g);  lateralliDr3lO(poreal.  Spines  not  prmniDeBt. 
KitauUjiiiteatrontc:  pri'ociilar,  anpraocnlar,  and  tymjianic  rudimentaiy.  Preorbital  with! 
blunt  B|>in<-ii  or  loli«a.  Soalea  moderate;  mnudilile  and  preorbital  naked;  pectoral  aoaly. 
rungU.  Orliit  (longilmlinal  diameter)  3i  in  liuul  (}  in  »nont).  Interorfaital  apaoe  U  In 
orbit  (verti'uU  diani<>ler|,  4  in  head  (probably  cunvpx).  MaxiUnry  reaching  beyond  middl* 
of  eye.  First  dursal  ii]>lun2|,  penult ininle2f  tii  3^,  laat  2)  to  3  in  bead.  Socond  anal  spine 
longMt,  !|  in  bewl :  third  21ti>21  In  lioatl.  Rtxl;  a  dark  HjiuLnn  upper  part  of  upercle.  Dla- 
tingulabeil  by  the  loiij;  penulijmale  durnal  Rplnti.  Length  II  tnilio.'*.  Ycxo.  (Hilgvndorf. 
Description  from  dry  B])ccinied».) 

Rchatte4ilrindachneri,lULa\S!n>owt,&.  B.6esoU.  aaiarf.  Ftenndc.  Berlin,  172, with  plats, 
1800.  Yezo. 

/.  KEBAliTODES  OBLOAOrS  <Guutbarl. 

HcadSi;  depths).  D.XIIT.  12;  A. III. 5:  lutcral  line  iiliout  IM.  Sealas  I 
lar,  much  amaller  abovo  ibaii  lielnw  lateral  lino.  lU-iui  scaly  nbn\-eas  far  forward  aaaifr 
trils;  very  minut*-  arule'  ou  preorbital.  Snout  {Miinted,  longer  than  ey«.  Intemrbital 
ajHice  flat.  e(|nnl  tii  rye.  <j  in  brad.  None  of  epincn  i>D  upper  aide  nf  bead  projecting,  thosa 
on  prcopcrclr  ohtuae.  Teeth  in  brciad  liando  nn  Jawa,  vinncr,  ami  palatines.  Maxillary 
reiu'bini:  poaterior  margin  nf  eye.  I>ursal  apines  struii|;.  fdurlli  l«  RrTenlb  longxaL,  2|  In 
head;  anal  npine^  Ktroniii-r.  much  xhurtc-r  than  lnnK<'!tt  dorsal.  Ilrowiilah,  marbled  With 
darker;  lowor  par1^8  and  nil  Una  with  brown  H|»utM:  an  ulill(|ue  hruwn  #iln-ak  frtim  pranr- 
bltal  tuwanl  anifle  of  preoptircle.  Inland  aea.Ju|uui;  market  of  Vokuliama.  <(iliiitliar.  I 
SrbOMte*  iMnniiiu.  aCHTTtBH.  Challenger  Ke|iort  Shore  Fieh(^.  04,  pi.  38,  1880,  Inland  aca, 
Japan,  Yokohama;  niLueNDoar. S.  B.  Uesell.  natnrf.  Freundc,  Berlin,  171,  with  pUl«, 
IMO. 


g.  8EBA8T0DES  HITZCKUBII,  CnmeT  nrw  apeclM. 

BpiuI  2};  depth  'i\.  D.  XIII.  12;  A.  Ill,  T:  Utoml  linB  42  (iioros).  Naaal,  poatocnlar, 
t>  mpiinic.  and  iiurictal  npiiio  pretxttit,  all  rndiiuiMittir}'.  Orbit  ciiuultu^  tntcrorbilal  Apace, 
Si  io  Lend.  1|^  iu  ammt.  Maxillary  TUAcbin^  bi'jDad  |MMt<!riorr)moriirbit.  Teeihonjawg 
in  broad  bandit.  Ipferior  bonier  of  preorbiial  vi-ry  filigbtly  loboil.  Lower  iirn'Oiie-rtHiInr 
apinm  nuarljr  (il)8o1i<te.  Hcail  scaly:  iimxillary  niid  iiwiniiibli'  nakod.  Porinuii  lowrrjitw 
bat  Ultlo  developed.  I-'ourtti  to  wventb  dariinl  spines  lim^CAt;  s^oDd  anal  *pinr  l0Dg^r 
and  •troiiijflr  than  third  iMM'tiiral  roiindi-di  imidnl  uliKlilly  rnncave.  The  fnllawiog 
racaniirviiieuta  are  tukeu  iviih  tht»  hmid  jui  fituuttiird.  Width  id'  li^ad  3|;  fourth  doraal 
apiue'ij:  iMmultimate  r>;  laitt diiriud ii])lni> 4) ;  siHund  Aual apiiii- a.  ihirdS]  :  dontol ra.va 2^ : 
jK-ctural  1);  vt-ntralHlt:  boaoof  i«.'eloral  ij;  vcutraJft  rvachiug  to  vout,  puotornlji  beyond. 
Bfxly  dark  bruwii;  5  dark  baiiilH  r»dintia|;  bu-kward  fnim  eye;  lower  part  of  bead 
Pa1«  wilb  bmwn  aitolH.  Single  indiridiinl.  Tukio.  Length  12|  inches.  (Steiudavbner  & 
UikkTlein.)  Stt-indachni-r  haa  callpd  this  a  dnubtful  variety  of  S  oilonjjn*,  <}iinthcr;  hut 
tt  SM-niB  to  be  distinct  The  dltliculty  of  cuniparitJOD  is  incroased  by  discrcpnnciva 
between  Gilnthor'a  deai-rlptlon  ood  Hgure. 

S*ha*tf*  obloiiffitii  (Vor/i,  STKL-«DAca.-rBB  6i  OOdeblbik. Deokaohr.  Akod.  Wiss.Wien.ZOi, 
188i.  Tokio. 

h.  SEBASTODES  TACZANOITSKIl  l^teindachm-r). 

Head  3 ;  depth  a  UtUemore  than  3.  D.  XIII  or  XIT,  13  or  U  -.  A.  III.  7 ;  P.  IS;  lateral  Hue 
MCiwres).  HeadoslniS  tfrn^nM,  CiiTier&  Volruciennea.  Stipraoeolorrvgiun  and  occiput 
witbont  externally  visible  spine*  or  ridses.  Nasal  and  precwular  spioea  present,  weak. 
Spinous  dorsal  luw,  witli  evenly  carved  iiinriiin ;  sixth  dorsal  Hpine  biKheet,  equal  to  dis- 
tance from  po8t«Tior  mnrj^ii  of  orldt  to  tip  •>(  iijipi-r  iipennlur  spine,  nonal  third  of 
spinons  doriuil  and  more  than  bSHal  half  ol'  noft  dorsal  and  anal  xoalisl.  rimtoral  32  in 
liody.  Orbit  3J;  tnterorbitnl  ivparc  5:  snout  (to  tip  of  slightly  prnjrrtinjj  chin)  3};  great- 
est width  of  head  2|  iu  bend.  Teeth  uu  .jaws,  vomer,  atid  palutinea,  small,  sbarp.  Trun- 
cate end  of  mnxlllary  reaching  nearly  to  posterior  rini  of  orbit.  I'reoiKTcle  with  S  spines, 
second  uud  third  longi-nt,  nearly  ei|Ual.  the  (lolntit  difuctcd  upward  and  backward,  the 
lowest  very  short ;  an^le  of  preopcnle  roundeil ;  oimrcle  with  'i  sliarp  spini's,  tho  upper 
lonjcor.  Anterior  dorsal  lays  hiijlifst,  little  lunger  than  lon);L>st  spine:  onudal  nearly 
Iroucate.  ulniu^t  cnlirely  scaled.  HPcuud  Anal  Apluc  tnn^cr  and  stronger  tliuig  third, 
RllEhtly  curvwl,  a  lillle  »horler  (liiiii  caiidul;  lir«t  ventral  ray  lonscst,  {  of  head,  the 
spine  Oft  loiii;  as  iLi^lii^sl.  ilurH^d  »pine.  lirowuish  violet,  gradually  paler  toward  belly; 
without  iir  with  iiidintliu^t  palclieji  of  darker  shade*  on  body  and  lou;;itudinal  hauiln 
behind  eye;  llua  blackish;  caudal  white  edged.  Length  0  iucbea.  Northern  Julian. 
(tSteindachner.) 

Dr.  Jordan  and  l*r.  Gilbert  have  the  following  notes  on  a  specimen  16  cm. long,  fVom 
Shana  Bay.  Itiirup  Ishind  (one  of  the  Knrils).  Tlif  spwirocn  agrees  wcU  with  .Stein- 
dachuer  »  description  of  the  types,  wliicti  came  from  northern  .Inpan : 

Color  warm  brown  above  and  on  sides,  paler  brown  below;  obscure  sbndlnga  of  darkor 
brown  on  iipiH-r  part  of  sides;  many  i<»lei  with  basal  or  central  area  darker:  operdaa 
with  a  dusky  shade;  no  dark  streaks  on  head ;  tins  brown,  all  except  the  pectorals  and 
caudal  becnininc  distinctly  block  uD  distal  portiou:  linin.;;  uf  buccal  and  gill  cavities 
white,  but  with  n  unrrow  dark  streak  alone  euch  side  of  Uoor  of  luouth  anteriorly;  ]^eri' 
toneuni  lirownlsh  Muck,  uniformly  and  densely  piiiiiienled.  thrown  and  occiput  evenly 
convex,  without  s|iinea  or  ridges  Maaal  spines  low  and  stronR.  A  rather  wide,  low  pro- 
ocniar  ridge,  ending  iu  a  strong  depreaseii  spine;  supraocular  rldpe  nearly  obsolete, 
without  spine,  its  jKwterior  (wrtion  evenly  sraleil  over.  Preorbltal  sinnatn  (interiorly, 
without  spines;  preopercular  spines  short  and  strong;  tiattoued,  the  second  and  third 
the  largBst.  dircc-ted  backward,  the  iirth  represented  by  a  slightly  prolecling  lobe;  oper- 
cular spines  slmtlor  to  tho.se  on  preoperele.  the  lower  the  Itirgcut.  (illl  rakers  long  and 
slender.  lo-f27,  the  longest;  half  the  orbital  diameter.  Head  3)  in  li'UgCh;  depth  2^. 
Least  depth  caudal  peduncle  3||  in  bead.  Kye  3^  iu  head;  infvrurhltal  space  4};  snout  4; 
maxillary  2.    I).  SII,X>  Uj  A.IU,7.    Pectorals  with  16  nj%  of  wliioh  the  lower  7  are 


1832        Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


simple.  Forty-flre  pores  in  the  latontl  line.  Spinoos  donal  low,  with  evenly  ronnded 
contour,  the  foarth,  fifth,  and  sixth  spines  e(|aal,  twice  the  twel/th,  2\  in  bead.  Longest 
soft  ray  of  dorsal  2}  in  head.  Second  anal  spine  longer  and  macb  stronger  than  third,  2 
in  head.  Candal  slightly  emarginate.  Pectorals  reaching  beyond  vent,  8|  in  length. 
Tentrals  slightly  oyerlapping  the  vent,  equaling  distance  from  tip  of  snout  to  upper  end 
of  ]>reopercle.  Scales  strongly  ctenoid,  except  on  cheeks,  breast,  and  fins.  Top  of  bead 
scaled  forward  to  nasal  spines.  Cheeks,  opercles,  and  preorbitals  wholly  invested,  except 
the  anterior  extremity  of  the  latter.  Maxillary  and  mandible  with  partially  embedded 
cycloid  scales.  Branchiostegal  rays  naked,  or  partially  invested.  Scales  on  breast  and 
prepectoral  area  excesalrely  small.  Many  small  accessory  scales  on  back  and  sides. 
Basal  t  to  }  of  vertical  flns  densely  scaled  Series  of  fine  scales  follow  pectoral  and  ven- 
tral rays  nearly  to  their  tips. 

8eb<uti»  taezanowtHi,  STEmoAcnNER,  Sitzb.  Akad.  Wiaa.  Wien,  256,  pL  2,  fig.  1  (dorsal 
XIV,  13),  Itieo,  Bays  of  the  Qulf  of  Stuietok,  Sea  of  Japan 

II.  SnCBS  AIXIKD  TO  SEBA8T0DE8  BOSACErS,  FBOX  SOUTH  AKEBICA  AMD  THB  CAFB  SXAS. 

<.  8EBAST0DE8  OCVLATDS  (Cuvler  &.  Valenciennes). 
(Cabkilla.) 

Bodythiokset,itadepth4intotallength.  D. XIII, Uj  A. Ill, 8;  P.  18.  Nasal, preoenlar, 
supraocular,  postocalar,  tympanic  and  parietal  spines  present,  quite  strong.  Opercle, 
suprascapular  and  scapula  with  smaller  spines.  Notchings  of  the  preopercle  distinct  and 
as  strong  as  the  spines.  Dorsal  spines  slender,  anal  spines  longer  and  stronger.  Candal 
truncate.  Color  (m.,  Gray's  figure)  reddish  brown  on  baok,  silvery  rose  Imlow ;  4  brilliant 
rosyspotsonthebrownof  back  at  base  of  dorsal,  the  first  under  fourth  spine,  second  nnder 
ninth  spine,  the  third  under  origin,  and  the  fourth  under  end  of  soft  dorsal;  there  la  a 
fifth  spot  on  the  side  at  the  height  of  the  shoulder  and  between  the  first  2  spots;  fins 
brown  (more  or  less  deep)  snd  bordered  with  bright  rose.  Description  based  on  an  Indl. 
vidnal  4^  inches,  the  figure  on  one  8  inches  long.  On  rocky  bottoms  in  deep  ivater,  Val- 
paraiso, Coast  of  Chile.    (Cuvier  &  Valenciennes.) 

Sebattet  otulata,  CrviEB  &  Valei)CIK.\xes,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  IX,  466,  1833,  Valparaiso; 
GOmthxb,  Cat.  Fishes,  105,  1860  (in  part). 

}.  SEBASTODEK  DIBWINI  (Cramor). 

Closely  allied  to  Sebattoden  rotaeeut.  Spines  similar  in  number  and  position, but  a  trifle 
higher;  upper  spines  on  preopercle  longest.  Gill  rakers  slender,  x  +  13,  nearly  as  long  as 
pupil.  Jaws  sube<iiiBl.  rectoml  short  1}  in  head,  the  loner  rays  thickened  Second 
anal  spine  long,  curved.  Anal  III,  6.  Compared  with  u  »pecinien  of  S.  rosaeeut  of  the 
same  size,  the  snout  is  blunter  in  .S'.  darwiiii,  the  cranial  ritlces  are  a  shade  higher;  the 
pecUiral  is  shorter,  reaching  only  to  vent,  while  in  .S.  roxaceus  it  reaches  to  second  anal 
spine;  the  second  anal  spine  is  much  longer  than  third  (snbeqnnl  in  S.  rotaeeu*);  the 
dorsal  spines  are  lower,  3  in  head  (2|  in  H.  rotaceun).  S<'.ales  similar.  MexiUones,  Pern 
Uere  described  from  the  MS.  notes  of  Dr.  Jordan  on  tho  type  in  Mua.  of  Comp.  Zoo)., 
Cambridge,  Mass. 

Jenyns  described  a  speciiuon  from  Valparaiso  .is  S.octilatut  of  Cnvier  &.  Valenciennes, 
but  pointed  out  ilistiuctions  between  tho  two,  which  witli  later  knowledge  of  related 
species,  prove  beyond  a  doubt  that  it  is  distinct;  it  is  probably  identical  with  8.  daneini 
from  Pern.  He  also  mentioned  the  tigure  of  another  speoies  from  Valparaiso,  very  dis- 
tinct from  the  others  in  having  the  spines  uf  the  head  less  devclopo<i.  Aliout  50  species 
of  tho  genns  have  been  descril)e<l  from  tho  north  temperate  waters  of  the  Parifio  coast  of 
America,  and  it  is  not  improbable  that  the  species  of  this  genus  will  be  found  numerous 
in  the  temperate  waters  of  tho  South  American  coast. 

t  SebasUs  oculala,  Jentns,  Voyage  H.  M.  S.  Beagle,  Zool.,  Fish.,  No.  ii,  part  4,  37,  1840, 

Valparaiso.    (Coll.  Darwin.) 
StbatUt  darwini,  Cbameb,  Prou.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  1896,  MexiUones,  Peru. 


Jordan  and  Evcrtnann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1833 


».  SRItiKTODKK  tMI>K>'KtH  (Gmelin). 

Hrntia.  ileptli  3|  in  tobil  longtli.  D.  XIII.  13;  A.  IH.fl.  lulenil  litiK  70;  pylorio  rnca 
It.  I'pjMtr  fiiirfiiirn  of  hmil  rallifir  tint,  with  low-  Titlf*ra  uud  miinr  dcpronAod  iipluua  bt'Uitid 
urblt.  IiitcrurbllA]  niiltli  •  in  liciwl.  MitiilUry  reuchtiiK  bc.vJii(l  mldiile  or  oyn.  Third 
to  Mvenib  dormol  iipin««  ncarlj-  imjiiiiI,  il  lu  head;  MMxmd  ui*l  aplnv  lonKMt.  B«ddlab. 
Capr  SCM.    (Giintlier.) 

Stoliidiirlmiir  biu  conipiirM)  S.  nmlahu.  I'lirier  iV  Val(>Dri(>niirs.  witb  «|>«rlmonii  of  H. 
fnjunriii  tram  the  Cape  of  (jixxl  llnpo.  and  fcruiid  no  dltfxmir'-  whaU-ver  belwevn  tliitm, 
ami  i:i>ii*iders  Ihrin  idcDifcal.  The  unrlv  binlory  vi{  ihr  ^ronp  in  full  of  idviitiUcation*  nf 
dttfrrnut  iipccloi  wbo«o  diBtinr'tiiowi  \f>  now  o»tAbIUbed  beyond  a  doubt,  and  it  U  dcairublo 
Ibm  uxtonairn  coiiii>uriin<ni>  bn  itiudc  betwmi  tb(>»e  two  api'Cii'n  before  Uiey  arc  iiirrg'^l. 
Thi'Tr  urp  »oni»  •trikloK  dl<crcpiiiirliv»  in  thr  Toriuiii  deiwriptlou*  and  fignraa  of  S.  ca^rn 
n«,  lUid  it  nould  uot  b<.<  aurpnalUK  If  ■  clOM  atudy  aboald  rcvnal  MTOrkl  welluutrkcd 
■|iocIm>  at  Ibc  Caiw  ilitrlf. 

I'ftea  Ui'fi'i  i/iiiii..//r.'r«j<"  liiioNoiv  ^.ooiilivlnooiini  No.  293,  88, 1783. 

Ar  ■    Oape  of  Oood  Hope, 

.V  ?im;  H<n2.  Cape  of  Good  Hope. 

&[_  i      -    ,          .  .             Nut.  I'olss..  IV.  Ul,  1821);  IJCOT  &   t^tAl- 

M.^Kii.  A.-tiiol  .  k  ;   II.  iiK.u.  1631i  Suii'ii.  lUiislT.  8.  sir.  l'la(x>a,pL 

22,  flc.  1.  ISIA:    l-i  II.M,lHtK>, 

I'trta  nfra,  Uuuiiuu,  i .. .  .ly,  113,  IH&I,  Cape  of  Oood  Hope. 


III.  Alukd  to 


ALEUTIXMUS,  IS  TlIC  JaPAMBSB  SPHCUB. 


L  8EBAST0DKS  X.lTSIBARf  (UUgendorf). 
(AKA  CWO.) 

IL-iid  JJ.  D  Xni.  12;  A.  Ill,  «:  P.20  (|3>;  lateral  line  about  38.  Prcocnlar,  anpra- 
<M'u1ur,  p<MtoGiiUr,  tytnpanir,  roronal,  parirtal,  and  niirhiU  xpinei*  pmwnl :  prcmulura 
lari;o,  tbc  parirtal  nod  iiurlial  KpincM  cIomt  to^^rtlirr  at  llm  rnd  of  »  nbarjirdiriMl  parintal 
rid(;«.  A  p»lr  of  wiNik  riiluro  ""  IntiTorbltal  cpiHT,  brlnn-n  Ihrui  u  iiit-dinii  (jroove.  Pro- 
orbital  vr\t\\  3  splnoA,  tbr  llMt  tditui,  ritiitulcil,  lliv  srcutid  and  third  ftiiccesJfSvidy  moTO 
piilnli'd.  Ibn  lual  dlrvctcd  DPiirly  lUiwiinard.  S4^alM<  inod'TaiC;  brad  nearly  oonipletrly 
•uaird;  pooloral  tin  ncjtl}.  Ilorlxonlnl  illtmirier  of  pyo  2|  in  head.  |  in  U-netb  of  auoul. 
Inti'ixirbltnl  rpiu'cll  In  vrrlloni  dlHiinilor  of  r-yr,  4  in  btNMl.  Mai illary  reaching  beyond 
middliT  of  cyn.  Lou^rnl  <plnciif  flr^t  durxul  '1\  In  hood,  Ibc  laul  but  our,  1,  uud  tlic  iaat 
*ptnv.  '^i  in  the  hevi;  tio^ond  nsd  ihlnl  anal  splniu*  «u|iial  in  Irngtb,  Zi  in  b«id.  Er« 
larer.  Color  ri>d,  (tlil);i>udorf.|  Tbt<  ly|ii<  on  which  thU  dmt'ilptiou  in  ba«rd  caiu«  from 
the  tnliind  of  UoiiUi.  Anuthcr  luri^er  Mpwlttiru  front  fnrthi*r  *oulli  (Ycco)  dilTorod  from 
lhi>  above  in  tht<  foliowin;;  charai't^ra:  Anterior  aplne  of  tbe  prcorbital  not  developed, 
•Dd  thr  Uiird  «plne  double.  D.  XIII,  U,  A.  Ill,  i,  P.I8  fi.")  Lateral  line  32  to  38. 
Bcalr«  larger,  tbosB  on  iivrloriil  Una  prickly  Head  3;  borltoulHt  dianioter  of  eye  3)  lo 
head,  \  in  l«'n(;tb  of  aoout.  Iiilcrorbital  apiirn  1}  in  vrrtiejil  dlainetrr  of  eye.  MaiiUar; 
MU-hiui;  udildlr  of  f-yr.  Last  dorsal  cplnr  bnl  ooe.  &i,  wnd  thr  luat  oiio,  3{  in  hwul :  iici-uudr 
aod  IhinI  anal  aplonii  3  In  liiad.  Thr  bical  nnme  nl  thia  fnnn  )x  nka  iiwn.  llnnto,  Yttu. 
Japan.  The  sporlmeo*  front  the  Alriitiau  Inland*,  In  Palliu'a  cullrrtjon  (No.  8IiS,  Mua. 
Berlin)  referred  by  l>r.  Hil^enilorl  lo  .^'.  mniMultartr  ia  our  StilHiMtatlrt  alnttiixnHS,  an  allied 
apeclra  irltli  aoiallar  «a«ks  and  lower  4]>ilke«.  iKamcd  for  Maiaubara.  u  Japaneae  nat- 
ural tat.  I 

Sttnutts  mattabarir,  IIiLaBjrtKnir,  Sitib.  Gcaell.  uatarf.  rmindr  1880,  170,  Honto,  Ko. 
niM).  Una.  Bar. ,  Veto,  >'o.  UTTD,  Moii.  Ber. 


rv.  SpctiKs  alucd  to  SunASTODBB  Jtrai  u.wia,  raon  Jafax. 
m.  KCBA^iTODKN  MlYOKt'K  (Hilgeodorf;. 
(KoocMon  on  KKsuumro;  Ooma  aot.) 
Dead  and  daptb  S4  (afaont  3t  In  toU)  iMigibi.     1).  XIII. 13,  A. 111,8;  P.  ^ 


70,  porta  SO  to  39.    Na 
3030 38 


1>.  XIII. 13,  A.  111,8;  P.  ^,  Utnralllne 
I.  priKwulai.  poalocular,  tyinpauir,  anU  parietal  aplao*  pnawil. 


1834         Bulletin  ^jy  United  Slaies  National  Museum, 


Fpper  profile  illglitlj  conrcnc  to  beginning  of  donal.  (Uglitly  depremed  behind  «}«. 
Eyonndanont  42,  inlArorbiUl  apace  S|  In  hend.  MnxillAry  reaohiog  to  poeterior  rim  of 
orbit,  in  oldrr  indiviilnalH  xotnewtiat  farllier.  lufcrlor  liurder  nf  preorbital  with  3  mtraor 
leai  roiiii«le<l  lolxis,  thn  laat  with  a  short  blant  Kpine.  Interorbitol  space  brtweeo  tknal*- 
Tsted  nupraot'nlnr  ridgen  weuldy  ion  vex.  Head  (.■ntirely  sralod,  except  jaw*,  anoatOn 
front  of  nostrlla),  prrorbitfll,  nnd  ni-flrty  the  whole  of  intcroperoU;  aokiea  of  brad  email. 
Hnn,rongh.  with  occesaoryaculea  liki-  Ibosc  on  hoily.  rr<HiperoQlar ipinea  S,  ahorl,bruad, 
blunt.  Spicouai  dorsal  iinirormly  rnundod  :  tirth  ami  nixth  spine*  lonKSAt,  in  yonng.  Z,  to 
a<hilt«  n<uirly,  3^  In  hnwl.  Smnnil  annl  niiioo  miicli  atrnuger,  but  ljltli>  longrr  than  third, 
2|  to  :Ji  ill  hvad.  Pcotornl  nboitt  i  in  head ;  ventral  more  than  1  \  in  hfad :  candal  etinalUng 
Tentral,  ultglitly  oonvi'X  ;  36  (o  39  poreo  on  body,  2  tu  3  on  base  of  fail  BlikckiAh  brow, 
with  iunrnnornblo  amnll  wliito  dots  on  body  and  linn.  In  somo  individuiila  the  unlfonn 
daric  brown  of  body  in  interrupt«4l  by  llulitvr  alindea.  (Steiodactmer  &  IXiderieliLl 
Lengtii  10}  Incbea.    XiU  rare  at  Xokio;  1  ii]H>plmen  at  Hakodate. 

Sebairtrt  nirotiit.  STBlKnAcnNGii   .ic  IX'UBBLKJH,  Denkschr.  Akad.  'Wiaa.  Wlea,  20"  pi.  7, 
1881,  Toltio,  Hakodate. 

n.  SKBANTUUGN  KI'IILEbELII  (QOgoudorn. 
(Ettbo  B0L> 

Head  2]  to  22;  dopth  k'»s  than  3  (3}  in  totAl  length).  D.  Xm,  13i  A.  in.  7  or  8;  kt- 
era)  linn  al>uiit  OS  to  TO.  Nnnal,  prtMiculnr,  pwttovnlor,  tympanic,  and  i>ari<-t«l  splwv 
prcnent;  lultTurbilal  apaoe  prtibably  ronc.ire,  \rilli  int4irMr1iltal  ridges.  Orbit  4j:  anuut 
(to  tip  uf  Allghlly  proji-cting  chin)  a  little  livia  than  4;  iuterorbital  siwco  4]  to  5  In  head. 
Maxillary  reBA>lilnt;  [lOHtfriar  iimrtrin  of  orbit.  I'reorliital  witii2to3abarp  spines  direeled 
downward  and  Imrlcnnrd.  Prentn'n'lf'  with  S  tiat  npines,  tlicaocond  from  above  loagnrt, 
hurixontal,  the  llltii  (in  adiiilH)  ultuu  lilunt  and  broad.  Interopercle  with  a  weak,  sbaip 
•pine,  bMldeitMiui>lina<»  iiiiollK-roiilMMiTt'udof  Hubopercle.  HeMl  scAled:  Jawa,  anonl, 
and  sntertar  port  nf  prtMirliilul  ai-ali^lcsa.  .ScHlsit  ou  intcro|>ercle  extremely  amall.  Sevml 
large  porva  ••!■  luulvr  !<idL-  uf  lower  Jiiw.  Sixlli  ouil  sevuBlh  domal  spines  longest,  a  liltis 
nmro  thau  2  in  iii'iid.  Socuud  :im!i1  striMiger,  Honietimos  u  little  shorter,  soiuetiniea  a lilUa 
lonKi'r  thnn  Mifrd.  2J  to  3  in  h«ad.  IVrtunil  a  little  long<'r  than  Tcntrola,  abont  1}  In  head. 
Caudal  neurly  truncate.  Tift  of  ventmln  rcavhini;,  pectorals  not  qaito  reaching  vmt. 
Rruwnisli  gray  (in  otiwliai),  with  li(;liU'r  and  darker  shailea ;  ndark  stripe  on  maxUlaiy, 
and  2  or  3  on  obtM^k:  npi'nlo  uImiv);  und  bi'lun'  with  washed  nut  spot.  (Steindachurr  li 
Diidorluin. )  Length  12  tu  1&  tuchca.  Cjiilte  comnion  at  Tokio;  Oulf  of  Striotok,  Sea  of 
Japan:  Yvzn,  Vedn,  and  Hakixlato. 

8tba$tti  Khlffiidi,  IIiuntNiKiHF,  S.  II.  Gesoll.  natorf.  Frennde,  1880.  171,  with  plate,  Japan; 
STBun>A<.'n.NBH  &  UitrjSRLEiM,  D«[ikachr.  Akad.  Wisa.  Wien,  1881,303. 


0.  8EK\STUDES  TRIVITTATUIS  (HUgondorf). 


(SmuA  BOi.) 

BmA  >|  teS.  I>.  XIII,  13 1  A.III,  Q:  pectoral  IS  (D  ur  ID  lowor  r*ya  simplel:  laf«ral ' 
UtW  M  (ta^es).  Cranial  spines  priiniiDtiiit ;  nasal,  preucular.  postocolor,  tym|>anie,  and 
pariotAla  prosont.  Int«rarbital  npnco  I  to  1(  In  vertical  dlanietiT  of  orbit,  1]  to  5  in  hsod. 
coniurB,  with  a  pair  of  hjturorbital  riilKca  at  the  sides  of  a  median  groove.  PreorbitaJ 
withuiit  pruminrnt  spines,  with  2  blunt  or  roandud  lobes.  Scales  median,-  maxiUary, 
mandililis  prcoibiinl,  and  }  of  interopercle  naked.  I'eotorni  fln  acAly,  the  scalua  rough. 
(Jill  rakure  long.  Orbit :)}  in  bead,  maxillary  reaching  middle  of  eye.  Ktret  dorsal  spina 
I{  to 2|  in  head,  ponaltiinate 4  lo  4},  laat  3).  Seioiid  nna]  njiine  inugrst,  2^  to  2}  in  hfad; 
third  2^  to  3  in  bead.  Civadnl  sli|;htly  convex.  Light  lirown-,  3  dark  longitudinal  bonda. 
(HilKundurf.)     LriiKtb  23  inches.    Toco. 

UttKutf  (rii'itta^iM,  HlIJUB^DO•r,S.  B.aeselL  natnrf.  Freonde,  Berlin,  171,  with  plate.  171 
wao,  Veio,  Japan.  ' 


Jordan  and  Everviann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     1835 

V.  NKBA^TOKiiS  VILPKS  (Stcmilnrhner  &  D.Kli-rl«in). 

Head  2ito2i;  dtptb3JU)3.  D.X]1I,I3;  A. 111.0;  P.J:  lAtoral  lino  01  (32  to  30  pores.) 
N«iui1,  preocular,  p<jitlwul/ir.  tymimnk-,  tinil  pnnntiil  Hpineit  jirpaeiil.  r|iilif  strong;  oyo4 
(o  4^1,  aouut  (to  tip  ul  «ym|iLi.va<-ik!  knnli  or  lower  Jiiw)  4  tu  tj,  inlcrurbitAl  niutce  6)  to  &  in 
buad.  Maxiltjirv  rva<*liiEi^  ptmttu'ior  murgiii  u I' orbit;  lower  jaw  pnti*}t'l~io|;.  with  aym- 
pbyseal  ktmti.  Lower  bortlvr  of  bruixl  proirliiul  vitli  it  blunt  lobrs;  priMjpercIo  witli  S 
Bpiueg,  tlie  a  lower  bruiiil,  hhmt,  llie  i  ijppi'r  more  slfodtir,  sharii,  tlin  2  i)ii«rt;iil»r 
npiiira  itroHKl.v  divtTKiag;  upirtsr  l-oiI  of  interoinTcIi',  eHiiwiall.v  In  older  iDiUvidualH,  with 
n  Mpinu;  lower  cud  of  subojiprcli^  wiUi  ii  uraker  gpiiio  wblob  soni<.<tiinra  diiialea  iuto 
K-vornl.  Sniiiit,  anterior  pari  uf  pri'orhjtii]  riiid  lower  .jaw  aralrlnaiii  a  few  rur}-  Boiall 
Hval<«  ou  iiiuxllliiry  Ii«Ihii4  nml  ujirU'i'  ]iriwrliitiil;  rent  of  bi-ad  Iblrkly  covered  wiOi 
roujfb  itoali'n.  Several  pttrr"  "ii  «icU  »iilo  nniler lower  .jnw.  Intcrorbilnl  npace  nearly  Hut, 
wllb  vorj-  weak  lutcrorbltal  riilt'*.  (rill  rakers  lonj;  anil  jtliiidor.  Upper  priit'ile  rlaea 
moderately,  ali^sktly  curved  nl  tliu  sDinit.  FMlh  or  aixlli  ami  tierenib  dorital  K|iltioa 
lonKtMtt.  2  lu  2\  iu  bead.  Second  luiul  aplue  alr<>ui;«r.  but  aometiniea  a  lillle  ntinrtei  tliau 
third,  'i\  in  lieatl  in  itmall  iudivUiunU,  nearly  ,3  iu  Inrjier  ooa«.  Paoloral  equala  boad 
wiLliout  ttnoiit,  reaching  vrut  in  luliilts.  a  little  iRiyoud  iu  young;  ventral  I|  to  \\  in  head ; 
cuudoj  eqnallDf;  T>-'ntrnla,  sligbtly  ronvox.  .Siale*  niodurat«ly  large,  with  souje  accoaaory 
acolea  Ilo<ly,  doraal,  anal,  and  eandal  llna  uiingled  nKldiab  brown  and  wltitisbr  pec- 
toral and  ventral  grayiah;  upper  lialf  of  bead  mldinb  lirowu.  utreivn  with  small  dark. 
brnwii  «]H)t8  wbioti  p»«torj(>rly  alnioal  nuitA  in  wavy  ntripes,  or  marked  like  body  :  lower 
aide  of  bead  and  liiidy  wliiUHli  yellow.  Not  rare  in  Uab  markets  of  Tukio.  A'ery  clo*e  to 
S.ichlfffttii,  llilgeiidorr,  luit  easily  diHtingiilKiicd  by  theabsenoeof  iptne  on  luforior border 
of  preorbital.     (Sli'indmhner  ic  DtiiliTlein.) 

BibatUi  ii'IpcA,  STKira>ACU>'Eii  &  UOuiutixiN,  D«i]ka<'hr.  Akad.  Wiuunaeh.Wien,  2ij3,  pi.  2, 
laSi,  Tokio. 

6gi.  SEBASTOPSIS,  Gill. 
BibaiUiptil.  GtLL,  Proe.  Ac  Kat.  Svi,  Phil*.  18fl2,  278  (polutepit). 

This  genuB  ditrers  from  Sib/mtodrn  in  the  alisonce  of  pnlatine  toeth.  D. 
XIH,  ft  or  Ifi;  A.  Ill,  •">.  No  fleriiinl  lljiiiu;  clieuks  and  op<'rcios  scaly  j  pre- 
orhitjil  with  ol'tnikj  Hpiiiu.s  or  none.  TLc  known  speoits  axe  all  of  very 
Bniiill  tiize  and  uro  ofteu  preserved  in  Cliiueae  insect  boxes.  (Urbailv*; 
oifiii,  appearance.) 

iita,  KKBASTUPKIS  WRIS,  Jnrdiiu  .1  Gilbert. 

Hend  2J^;  deptb  Ii.*.  D.  XIII,  10;  A.  Ill,  u;  muhIos  48;  maxilliiry  U  in 
heud;  eye  3| ;  peetural  aliuut  1;  longctit  iloisal  apiiiu  2|j ;  seconil  uitiLl 
spine  IJ;  ventral  1^;  niidillo  cftntliil  r;i.y  tiliont  '2  in  Loail.  JSody  woder- 
utely  uluD^iito;  head  nitlior  nlKtrii;  jn  ws  I'tjiiiil;  interorliitiij  spiice  coDi-ave; 
top  of  Loud  Bcniy  niid  without  occijiitnl  depi-esHion;  tiMial  »piuca  abnrp, 
with  a  lii'Hhy  ll.'ip  i)c:ar]y  m*  lou(;  an  pupil;  spines  aliove  e,ve  e.irL  with  a 
Htniilnr  llcshy  tlap;  preorliital,  stipraorliitrtl,  postorliital,  and  tynip.-mic 
spiueBpreBCiit,  each  shtirp  iind  liiKh;  occipital  and  niu-hstl  spiue.'^  also  well 
devsloped;  a  hthiiII  ti-nijmntl  ripiiie;  a  small  j<ptno  under  the  <'yo  on  th« 
8h.ii7)  stay;  a  spine  ;(t  fud  of  stay  in  front  of  the  per(iL'ndi(>ular  spines; 
the  last  with  n  siiiall  Npine  at  its  luisi*:  2  rtli:irp  .opines  lielow  opeicular 
Hpine.  Cheeks  and  operrles  roveroil  with  ctenaid  and  iniluiL'ated  acules 
without  tiups;  Itody  scales  ctenojtl  and  closely  imlirirated,  without  tlnpa. 
Uill  takers  very  short  and  slender.  Itreast  covered  with  iml>riciit«d 
cycloid  scales.    Vilifoioi  t<H;tli  ou  jaws  and  vomer,    uoue  ou  palatLnus, 


i 


1836  DtdUtin  //,  United  States  Natimtal  Af}4seum. 


Dorsal  thin  and  moderately  deeply  notched ;  rnudnl  ronnded;  third  anal 
spine  Kr«'at»T  than  second;  pectoral  with  upper  ray»  brauched;  lower  or 
oiiiiple  rays  thickened  iind  the  npper  of  theui  lunger  than  nuy  of  the 
brnuehfd  rays.  Color  lifjht  olive,  irregularly  banded  and  blotched  with 
darker;  flashed  with  cherry  red;  siiboperole  with  large  bhick  blotch 
somuwhiit  ocellated;  bead  blot-ched  with  olive  and  paler;  jaws  and  throat 
lar^i'ly  orange;  dorsal  mottled  with  blood-red,  orange  and  whititdi;  pole 
yellowish  bar  across  soft  dorsal,  then  a  blackish  streak ;  reat  of  t\nn  white, 
tipped  with  black;  candal  largely  bright  sciirlet.  bliick  toward  tip;  anal 
largely  scarlet,  mottled  with  black;  pectoral  yellowish,  b&rred  with  white 
and  Iilack,  lower  part  of  fin  waalied  with  scarlet;  ventral  light  yellow, 
with  a  few  black  spots  on  posterior  half,  and  scarlet  spots  on  anterior 
portion.  The  most  definite  marks  are  a  dark  bar  from  auft  dorsal  to  baae 
of  anal,  everywhere  washed  with  scarlet,  and  the  bluck  !«pot  on  the  snb- 
operclo.  PiiciHc  coast  of  Mexico  and  neighboring  islands;  the  original 
types  from  t'ape  San  Lucas,  a  few  other  specimens  taken  by  the  .ilh,itro$i 
off  Lower  t'alifoniia,  the  above  notes  on  the  color  Irom  specimens  col- 
lected by  Mr.  McfJregor  at  Socorro  Island,  respeotively  8^,  3i,  and  '2 
inches  long,     (iv/jvi',  razor,  from  the  sharp  spines.) 

Sttxutnptit  xyrit.  JonDAN  &  GnaERT,  Froo.  U.  S.  NaL  Hus.  1881,  Mt,  Cape  San  Lucas. 
(Tyiie,  Mo.  3U97a.    Cull.  John  Xantos.) 

693.  HELICOLENUS,  Goods  iSc  Bean. 


HMeoUttVM,  Goods  &  Bban,  Ocesnio  Ic))tb.,248, 1890  {daet^atiUnu). 

Tiody  oblong,  somewhat  compressod;  head  large,  ctenoid  scales  on 
tip,  and  on  cheeks  auil  upercles;  several  msries  of  spinons  ridges  on  hea<l, 
but  un  occipiUil  pit;  iiiuuth  large,  with  bands  of  villiform  t«eth  on  jaws, 
vuuier,  and  paliitiites.  Dorsal  liu  continuous,  not  deeply  notched,  with 
10  stont  Hpines  luul  10  to  12  rays:  iiual  with  3  spines  and  6  rays;  pecto- 
rrtl  broad,  fiiu-Hhiiped,  with  riiys  arranged  in  3  groups,  the  flrst  of  2  sim- 
ple rays,  the  Bei-ond  of  8  or  y  lirauclied  rjiys,  the  third  of  8  simple  ra.va, 
Boiiietinii's  proluriged,  with  their  lips  tendril-lik«i  and  free  from  membrane 
for  i  their  length  or  le.ss;  soft  dorsal  with  tips  free  ft-oiii  membrane; 
siitM)r1iilii]  ki'el  smooth,  or  with  a  single  anterinr  spine  under  eye;  pre^ 
urbital  with  spineN  siuali  and  bidden  betieitth  the  skin.  Verjebrn<  10-f- 
14  —  24;  DO  air  bladder.  Atlantic.  Very  close  to  Scorpcrao,  diflering  only 
in  the  frhaA/to-like  cratiiiiiii,  the  two  genera  ))r(ib»bly  ooiinected  by  iut^r- 
uif'liate  turms.    (^A/'kos,  strong;  wAeV?/,  elbow,  ami.) 

a.  General  color  bright  n>d.  dactvloftxKCS,  23M. 

««.  6«ueral  color  clear  acarlet;  ]ir«o]ierctilar  spinoa  mor«  prominent,  patmlle]. 


Jordan  and  Evermann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     1837 


S384.  HELlrOLKSI'B  DICTTLOPTEBIK-  (Do  Ilk  Ko«he). 

(SSBRA.N  IkPEBIAL;    KAN'EOAL;  CAJtr>ONNIEBA  :  SCUOPANUni  FuKAL;  CRABBA.) 

Heart  3J ;  di^pth  2}.  I>.  XII,  12;  A.  Ill,  5;  Interivl  line  43.  Hmly  not 
mnch  elevftt^rt,  littl<"  ci>in|iren«e)l,  the  tiiil  9l<<tuler,  II«-ftit  iiirue,  little  cum- 
preHBCcl;  diceks.  opi-roles,  add  oi'cipitftl  rcf^ion  well  aeated;  no  ileriitnl 
lliil>f<  aiij'wlicrr;  HiiUt>rl>ital  »t.iy  stnuig.  Ktoutli  latbtT  l.'irge,  wilU  teeth 
i»s  iimuil  oil  Jaws,  vomer,  and  ]>ulnttiies;  lower  Jaw  not  jirojectin^;  luaxil- 
laiy  oxtemiiiig  t'>  lu'voiid  impil,  f^iiliorbttal  with  a  iiiirrow raised  Hiiiooth 
rirljje,  whirl)  ondfi  in  a  «|iino  iit  thi'  Itusii  <vf  tlio  utiiy;  preorbitMl  iiaiTow,  it* 
i'dj,'B  Mliirlitly  8jniioii8;  iutertn-Uiisil  oimci'  niirrow,  with  2  iiiinillol  raised 
r)d|,'c,H  and  ii  di-6]>  fjroove.  Cnmiiil  ridges  slutrt,  nlvfirp,  jihout  »a  in  Siha»- 
li)il<'«  rn»nrru»;  prt'ociiiiir,  Biijiraoeulur,  ]ios(oeulttr,  tympiinir,  oeeipital, 
nnd  iiiichiil  npiiius  prn.seiit;  mijirsiscipular  Hptma  nharp:  no  exneoipttiils; 
opercular  spiueit  moderute;  preo]mrciiiar  Hpineti  sharp,  the  sccocid  loD>;c8t. 
Kye  Very  l!>r>;e,  3  in  bend.  JawB  naked.  Gill  nikerw  rather  loiij;  and  alen- 
dor.  Pectoral  vi-ry  narrow,  the  rnys  not  procurruiit  Heltiw  nor  thickened, 
renchin^  nn.il ;  voiitriilM  Binall,  ri-iichiii};  p:mt  vcut;  ana;)  aiiiitll  nnd  low,  iU 
Hocoud  spiiiK  a  litth- 8tont«r  but  not  loufjctr  tb.in  third;  durstui  luw,  little 
eiiiar^iiiiite,  tUo  Hpiiica  slender.  SealuB  etmioid,  rej^uhtrty  iirriinged;  uo 
iici-esHory  ncafew.  (Vdor  ih-lifiitc  »c:irlet  rod,  thw  oporcle  .itid  dorsiil  tin 
Koiiu'what  mottled  with  brownish.  Deep  w:it«r  of  thri  Atliiiitic;  very 
counniin  in  the  Meditcrrftneiin;  ooc;i8i(iu;i!Iy  off  luir  roiwt,  frimi  Karragiin- 
Hett  to  C!ii'asipo:ike  l>ayt«.  Hero  ilcatTibcd  froiii  :i  Hpeeimoii  tiiketi  oil'  C'hean- 
peako  U:iy;  a  I>eaiit]fully  eolored  Hpecieti,  (Ett.)  {SdttrvXof,  tinker; 
Ttrepov,  fin.) 

Saorpana daclyloiiUra,  Dl  LA  ItorilB,  Ann,  Mii(i.,Xl)t,  1B08.  |>1.22, flK.2,  Ivi«a.  Barcelona; 

Bissn,  Ichlliyol.  ite  KU'«.  ISO,  1810;  r,i\vruEU,  Cbnll«iij;cr  Report,  Vol.  i,  pt.  vi,  0, 18tlO^ 

JORDA.t  iV  (.rlLBBRT,  Synot>»ii',  870,  IS«3. 
Sebatte*  imitriaiU,  CiviEii  &:  VALK-NOtUNMliS,  Hist  Xat.  JPai«a.,  tv,  338, 1829,  Nloo. 
StbtultM  daetffloplfrus.  OUntiiek.  Cut.,  in. 90.  IIMO. 

atbmttOfiuB daetriU>t>Urm,  lloouK  ii.  Beak,  Hull.  MaH.Comp.Zanl.,z, Xe. 6,314, 1S83. 
BAiaiknMt  flaetytopterut, OooDB  It  BKA.N,  Ocoonic  Xclitliyulogy, 249,  pL 6a,  tig. 244, 1896. 

983S.  HGLICOLEM^S  MXDEBENKIH,  Uootlo  A^  lio*n. 
(Boca  NEaaA:  TAi  dk  Gato.) 


Head  3;  depth  3J  in  total  lenftth.  D.  XII,  12;  A.  111,5;  P.  19;  scales  of 
lateral  lino  2i)  to  30.  Ej'e  3  to  34  iu  houd,  not  projcetiii(.t  above  profile, 
lutcrorbital  rtjiare  very  deeply  concave,  Htroinjly  ribbod.scarctdy  j  diameter 
of  eye.    Snout  scarcely  *.-(|ual  to  eye.    Suborbital  stay  not  very  promiueiit, 

'The  rollowlDK  pointa  nm  taken  rrom  Go<Mie  it.  Bean's  ilt«iTlptii>n  of  BeKtnltnwt  Sae- 
tylopUrut: 

"Buck  ar(-niit.c ;  \ipiu\  !i :  28  to  30  taben,  abont  50  toalca ;  rtornal  tin  insertwl  iit«>vp  Inner 
upper  o&glr  af  oiM*ri-uIar  Hnp;  U*itKth  of  Hpiiioiia  i>ortiun  coiiaiili^nilily  K'ah  tliun  lifait; 
th»il  apine  longcit,  tliiMioe  a  f,'iiului«l  tlucrcaao  to  cirrontb ;  lieight  nf  nnH  ilofAul  coa»id- 
•rably  more  tliao  liiKlioHt  spine,  the  ray«  proiiecClug  far  bovniKl  Hie  ineinliram';  liaoo  iif 

rntonti  alniiinl  a)unl  to  luiiKvnt  myn,  which  n-ac-li  vont ;  niRt  2  rayo  niuiptu,  f»Uiiwlni( 
hranclir-il.  la«t  B  rilmple.  xlnoiler,  with  iirarly  i  tlm  l<<n);th  ot  tUv  r»y«  I'reoOtnu  mvm' 
branu;  culuruf  buck  oilvudhii;  iu  Irouaverw  bauds  uiiuu  sidea." 


1838         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


scftTcely  at  all  or  very  feebly  and  inronnpicunnsly  acnleati?,  yrith  ffcnertilly 
iiiily  1  slixtit  Hpinc.  Pri'orbital  spines  only  aiiiall,ol)Solete  teeth  on  angles, 
tlio  autorior  larger;  ajiines  oi'  [ireoperdo  larj^c,  oqiiidistiiut,  nearly  eqnal, 
fiei'oiid  sligbtiy  tlii»  laiKest;  |Kiralk>l,  hori/oiital,  nearly  Htraight  or  slightly 
curved  npTViinlj  Hcttpiiln  sind  Huprusciipnlaisniiill,  no  hnnmral  spine;  ii4isa]. 
prodciilar,  .Hiiprauciilur,  puatocnlar,  tympanic,  parietal,  »nd  iincL.-il  spiuefl 
pretient ;  spines  of  Iii*iid  lutconiing  more  oli.solcte  in  fiilJ-^rown  iudiviiluaJn. 
Lower  jaw  wiU)  symiiliyacul  knoU.  Dors.tl  lin  (as  seen  in  figure)  begins 
slightly  behind  upppr  anteriivr  angle  of  opi'rcle,  and  the  rnots  of  firwt  and 
Hccoiid  spiiii'!«  8VI-II1  cluav  together;  third  .H|)iiie  higluvit,  the  followiiig  ones 
slightly  decTLMHing  t(i  till- eleventh,  hist  ho  ft  ray  forked;  caudal  tnincato; 
Hecoud  and  third  anal  spines  ahom  equal,  origin  of  Uii  under  origin  of  soft 
(lori^al;  pectorals  reaching  heyoud  \«ut,  rather  abruptly  truiu-ato,  f&D- 
shaped,  the  hasi-  about  equal  to  orbit;  first  2  rays  siuiple,  tblluwing  9 
branched,  only  tlio  tips  free,  tho  last  8  siuiplo,  exsorted  for  Ij  their  length. 
Vontr.'tU  ruaching  nearly  to  anal,  inner  ray  not.  ittt.'ichud  to  body  by  mcm- 
brane,  No  latLuiii-  on  either  head  or  body,  ctoU  spine  of  dorsal  tipped  with 
a  Hhort  lilaiiiont.  Scales  ctviiotd;  cboL-ks,  opercles,  maxilla,  and  breast 
scaly;  aaout  and  hnvcr  jaw  naked;  soft  dorsal,  anal,  and  pectoral  scaly  at 
base;  lateral  line  nearly  Htiaight,  29  to  30  scales,  each  with  a  little  spine- 
like  p<iint  dirortod  toward  the  tail.  INile  lle-sh  color,  with  5  darker  or 
brighter  irregnlnr  broad  scarlet  bands,  often  mottled  or  suffused  with 
diiHky,  diBappenriug  on  middle  of  sides,  the  tirst  and  Buialleat  under  origin, 
tho  fourth  under  mu\  iif  dorsal  lin,  thc»  loHt  at  biisi^  of  candal ;  all  fins  sc-vr- 
let  without  spots  or  liarH;  spinous  dorsal  mottled,  its  spines  and  lilamonta 
tipped  with  white;  soft  dorsal,  vcutrnl,  and  anal  edged  with  white;  head 
bright,  Muarlet;  oport'lo  clouded  with  a  large  sufl'usod  |)ntch  of  loadcu  or 
p:vlo  violet  black;  gill  cavity  deep  mulberry  black;  Itaek  part  of  mouth 
and  tongue  and  gullet  more  or  less  deep  leail  color,  approaching  black; 
front  of  tiiouth  and  tongue  pale  or  whitish;  iris  golden  or  topaz,  8ha<le<l 
with  brown,  pupil  violet  or  opalescent.  (Live  csamplea  taken  in  August 
must  brilliant  scarlet  imaginable,  with  the  bands  dee^ier,  but  pure  inteuse 
soarlflt;  cyo  singuliirly  Ueautifnl;  .inal  fin  broadly  edged  in  front  with 
white.)  Peritouetnn  intense  shining  inky  or  nmlberry  black.  Fire  to  7 
cmca.  Vertebiif  lU+li*i  rarely  11,  including  aurostyle.  Length  15  inobes; 
prnliahly  breeding  in  sumnicr.  (Lowe.)  Madeira  Islands,  rare  (Lowe); 
ofl'  ea«l«ru  const  of  United  States,  froui  New  York  to  Oajie  liatteras  and 
outward,  and  ofl'  tho  coast  of  western  Florida,  in  70  to  373  fathoms.  (Cioode 
&  Itcun.)  Very  cloHcly  related  to  S.  ducliflvpUyuB,  with  which  it  has  been 
confounded.     (wicJd('rcn«i«,  fiuiii  Mudeira.) 

Sibatlrt  imprriotlt.\,i\V/r,.  I'Ulii'ii  nf  Uwlcira.  171,i>U.24  and  X>,  &?. 3, 1843-]8(i0,  MadeSn ; 

not  of  (UlVIKU  ik.  Vai.inciknnes. 
UrticiiUntu  mailtffniu,  UooiiK  *    BEAN.  Ocoanio  IrlilhyoloBy,  2S0,  1880,  Qulf  Stream, 

off  Cape  Charlen,  Virginia,  at  Fiah  Hawk  Station  897.  !•«■  37"  »S'  N,,  lone.  74"  18* 

W.,  in  IJ7I  fathomi.    (Type,  No.  2«T23.) 
S4lnuUl  <t»cll/topl*nui.  UUMTBBB,  C»t„U,  99,  i860 ;  ID  part. 


Jordan  and  Evcmiatin. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1830 


693.  SCORP/SNA  (Artedi*)    Lmnffiiis. 

(SC(>UI'ION   FlBUKil.) 

BtoTp<ma.  AsTBni,  Grnera.  17,  xx,  47. 1788. 

Sfvrpima.,  LiKK*ca,  Syni.  N«t..  E<1.  X,  2«6.  IIJA  {portUM). 

lf»9nbQ*Ut,  (il'icilKNnr.  M^iii.  So•^  Soi.  Xat.  Ch«rlH>iirg,  Xin.  R1,  IB68  (pnnila) 

Pmrattarpana.  IIlekkkii.  Vonl.  Ak.  Ani§t.  (1!).  IX.  pt.  ».'J<)fl.  1H70  {yitla). 

PmidMtbtut**.  SKVVXnit.  Nouv.  Ardi.  Miiit.  |2>.  i.  1878,  ni  {liimJjainvUiii) . 

Ai6o«aj>wlM  (Giu  MS.)  .Stbutij,  Bull.  U,  S.  Xnt  Mos.,  vu, 83. 1877  («r<mtfi«). 

n<)d,v  oblong,  Homewhtit  compressod.  Heml  large,  not  mnch  romprcAsctl, 
naked  iibovo,  iindtnori'  or  lews  nnrvrn  with  Hpiiioiisridgi'B,  often  withdt^nnal 
niijis.  Month  )»r};e,  with  liiinds  of  villiforni  tet>tU  on  jiiws,  voinor,  and  pal- 
utiuea.  Sealct  mostly  ctenoid,  of  aiodcruti-  size,  ofton  with  Hkinny  tiftps. 
Diir»al  tin  with  12stoutspluc8;  nnal  with'ispines,  th<-  secoml  rommonly  the 
liing(«t;  pc-ctoralM  liirgi',  ronnded,  the  Imsc  niiinlly  pTortirrent;  Hoiueor  all 
of  the  upper  rayn  divided,  the  lowi-r  siiiiplo ;  ventraU  iti8i'rt«'d  behind  pecto- 
FiilH.  Ki>  iiir  bliiilder.  Vertebra'  10  +  l't^=24.  Specioa  niinii^rous  in  the> 
linpii'iil  8<>:u<;  ImhPK  of  Hinr;nliir  fonns  and  bright  colors;  the  variation  in 
aqtianmtiou  and  anuatnro  very  great,  bnt,  aa  in  uiout  similar  casee,  it  is 
not  easy  to  find  definite  eharactera  for  gnbdiviaton.  {tiHopxatva,  the 
niieient  aume  of  Scorjurmi  ncrofn,  from  6Kopnio%,  neorpion,  in  allufdon  to  the 
dorsal  spini'H,  whiih  inllict  n  very  piiinful  Bting-like  wmiud.  The  modern 
Greek  naino  of  1£n6prr<tnut  (Srorpirna  icro/a).  Aci'ording  to  Apostolides, 
dnopTtio^  i*  now  the  cortmiun  name  of  ,y<tyi-p(in<i  fYorcun.  2SHop7tioi=^woT' 
pion.  Ar»niitiiei»f  rt  lish,  Aristotle  1531«,  20,  D08fc,  17,  593<i7,  598*1  II.  It  has 
many  pyloric  iippcudagcw,  breeds  (spawns)  twice  :i  yiuir,  altoriiiitcs  between 
the  open  sea  niid  the  nhallow  water  along  the  Mbore;  tlio  inopniSti,  breed 
in  the  open  sea  (ni  Tii\ayo%).  (Atheu.,  vu,  115.  Nnm.)  "Hed  dhop- 
tiioi."  Hieeeius  Siiys:  "Of  the  Cnopxioi  one  kind  is  pelagic,  the  other, 
littoral ;  the  former  is  a  Ib'ry  red,  the  latter  bliickitih."  Epieharmiu  calls 
the  (Jvo^jn'f'os  ffo/Ki'Ao;,  variegated.  It  isioliliiry  und  eata  s<>aweed.  Aris- 
totle mentions  dHopxfoi  iind  anopTTtfief  in  different  pliiees.  It  is  not  clear 
wbothet  be  means  the  snme  fiMb  by  theHenatues.  That  we  have  freqaeutly 
eat'On  both  dhopxaiyfi  and  exopsioi  and  that  the  tluvors  are  difleront,  no 
one  la  ignorant,  Aruhestrutux,  in  his  "Qolden  Words,'' Hays:  "liuytbi* 
smiiU  aKopictof,  but  beware  of  a  big  one."  ( Athen,,  viii,  52. )  The  tawny, 
]iel.igic  dHopiri'ot  are  more  nutritious  thun  the  large  oue!4  of  the  ^huftl 
water  near  shore.)     (Horace  A.  Hoftinau.l 


'  Tli»  fiillowing  Baropcaii  iipocins  nf  Seorpirnn  iuu  lieon  RttrllratM  to  onr  fuiniii,  )irab> 

|aMv  l>v  ern»r: 

I     ,"tcrii'nuj;,«r<!Hi,  LlNB.Sl'S.    (Pig  foot:  SronX'iiot :  D.  XIII,  10:  A. III.. "i;  lat«mllini'40. 

Boily  obloiii;,  coninrcMcil;  bftck  Honiewlmt  ulMvitU'd,  hfEtii'«t  nt  nrij^ln  of  ap'"""* ''"rnnl; 

■nliorliital  ~tny  cluiii^  lo  oyr,  wiltiout  nny  pit  (H'twi-oii  It  and  tlii'  <'V('    Hiiprjot  tiliir  iIh|i 

Iinxnl,  a  litlle  lower  tlian  oyoi  no  llnp»  on  po«l"rior  I'llci.  of  |irc(i|MT'lf,  4  on  iiruipllitl 

rrmon,  fow  nion;;  lut«rul  lino:  priNx-ular.  mipmrt'-'-r     '  ■  — " '  ■'     ;'iTiil. 

•nrl  nuchiil  ft|iiiii'«  pn^MMil .  it  pit  ln'fnr,'  oiriplinl  - 

dbiirt:  maxillitry  r«iu>hlug;  imat^-rior  inHr'.rlii  of  m 

•ml  <ipp<!r  p"«rt  111' pi(«'pf'r<Mf    btoIi-h  '■    '     ' 

klipwof  v.*i)trjili«.  wliieli  rt-acli  aoal :  v; 
thnn  tliinl.     iiiU  i-ultcrrt   Mliort  ninl   iiii<i\       i,«,i< 
(lurkoT,  UDd  Uutteal  witli  blitck;  mucli  less  vitiicguttMl  ttkou  la  6.  plumuri;  luuuUy  a  bUok 


I  lies 

I.i;ui...  i>    (.I......       ..,.-.<-.     iKlliLMl. 

'II  in  •^'.  fittitn^rri.  rHjicliiu^  iK^ynud 

'4(.H-oiid  uuaI  ftl.Mi«Ior,  little  loii^r 

1II1IWU,  uiuc-li    utoltliHl   abuvo  wilb 


1840         Bnlktin  /7,  United  Stales  Natwnal  Museum. 


a.  Breut  Maly. 

ft.  Oe«ipnt  with  R  distinct  qnkdrftt?  pit. 

e.  Suprauoulor  tentacle  lee*  Hun  twice  AiammiM^  uf  orliiL 
d.  Doml  rays  XII.  B. 

«.  Top  of  bead  uMlnhsH,  S  saaaU  ■piaea  on  miborbilAl  cAriiu. 

*t.  Top  of  he*d  not  wboUy  scalelsM,  the  int«rorbital  ijMice  iiioouiiiietvlj 
•calvd :  KulKirblt&l  rarltia  wlUi  S  spines.  CRisrCUkTA,  ! 

id.  Dorulraya  XII,  10. 

/.  Anlericir  Iwnlcr  of  orbit  witli  oo  dlstfoct  pit  below  it. 

g.  Suborbital  •toy   with  3    tlistioct  spiDcs;    tliird    anal    spine 

longer  and  ntroncer  than  ■econd.  BBAiOUKKSls,  13H« , 

gg.  Sttborhitol  stuv  iritbonl  spinea:  nbeek*  more  or  leaa  aealyc 
sevonil  anal  Hpine  longor  and  almnger  tliin  third. 
h.  PcctomU  2(1,  nliual  7  or  K  brHncbn] :  Trntral*  n>Arbinf 
l>«yond  vent :  Hap aborc  buv  of  pectonl  with  rvotin- 
nnna  edge .  RUTbio,  '. 

hh.  Pectorals  lU.  alwnt  10  brBDobed;  Tentmla  not  roach 

beyond  vent;  flap  atxtve  biae  of  pectoral  mneh  tat- 

teied.  PAKMOAA,  2340. 

f.  Anterior  tmrder  of  oye  with  a  distinct  pit  lietween  it  and  sul>>^ 

orbital  Rtay. 

i.  Lateral  V\uv  with  abont  SO  scales;  no  dermal  flteps  except  am* 

ones  along  Inlenil  line:  (DpriHirbital  t«ntacl<>H  small; 

pale,  mostly  unnpottwl.  octtaTjI,  1341. 

ii.  About  30  BcaleB  on  Inleral  linn,  miHil  of  th«  iwal<«  with  deniial 

tiapsi  supraorbital  Hup  large,  lougortbau  eye:  axil  blacli. 

with  larcv  wliil«  spoto. 

j.  Color  ratlivr  palp  or  reddish  j  interorbdtal  area  narrow: 

orciplUil  pit  di^cp.  PLl-umi,  "SO. 

)}.  Color  blacltisli:  inlerorhital  space  hroader  and  Hatter; 

occipital  ]>U  broader  sod  less  deep.         MT8TC»,  23t3. 

M,  Snproocnlar  tcnUu^lc  mure  Uiun  twice  diameter  of  eye;  flaps  on  lateral  line 

longsr  than  eye ;  anburbitol  alay  with  u  Hinall  ii]ilnr  nrar  Its  <'i'uteT,  another 

at  its  pustorior  end;  axil  gray  with  many  small  wbit«  mfictt. 

0IU.VDI00BM8,  3344. 

bb.  Occiput  with  only  a  rery  shallow  depression  or  none. 
k.  I'ec'toral  with  4  or  more  branched  rays. 

I.  Oooipal  with  a  very  sliallaw  but  distinct  depression:  iraborbtial  atay  eri- 

dent,  with  several  small  splucti.  amsoUL.  Ti*5. 

U.  Oooipnt  with  no  depn'ssinn,  or  only  a  slight  crt>a4»<nti<i  notch ;  saborbltsl 

stay  very  low,  a  inlniilo  spinu  at  its  posterior  nud.        SONOiue,  Z24C. 

kk.  Pectoral  with  hut  2  branched  rays ;  no  pit  ut  occiput.  mimuii,  S24T. 

S23n.  MCOnP.E?iA  AliASKlZII,  Goodc  &  Bean. 

MAa<1  nbnnt  2i;  •k>pth  ulioiit  8;  e.vo  2|  in  head.  D.  XII. 9;  A.  Ill,  5;  P. 
20;  sriileH  5-47-11,  2H  tuUvn  iu  lat<;iul  liuo.  Width  of  heail  abont  1  ito 
l(.*i)K(li;  iiilororhital  Hpiice  nearly  5  in  hciid.  Su]iraocalitr  ridge  elevated 
al)uvt.<  general  |iroll1i.\  suoiit  aKrnptly  ducltvouB  and  ver;  Hhort,  leim  than 
i  length  of  eye.    Maxilla  Teaching  poHterior  margin  of  orbit,  3  in  bead; 


bin  I  ch  on  posterior  half  of  spinonii  dorsal.    Sonthum  Euro[ic:  a  specimen  said  to  have 
Iwen  iwtit  lolinvjer  from  Now  York  by  Hilberl,  a  gljiteiiieiit  Kxlmriu-ly  doubtful. 
Seorptma pormu.  LltrSMVa.  Svat.  Nst..  Ed.  K,  2'Jfl,  1768.  Mediterranean  and  ocean;  after 

fcnrfima  p<nHuliji  at  oni(i<  rt  narfu  of  AUTBSI;  Cdvibu  &  VALBKCUiNKBtf,  Uist  Xat. 

Pulss.,  IV,  3U0|  (iC.MUKB.  Cat.,  11.  1U7. 


Jordan  and  Evennann. —  FUhes  of  North  Amerua,     184J 


monilibli*  roarhiii;;  beyond  orl)it,  uliont  4  in  len^^th  oC  txMly,  a  little  lew 
than  2  ill  bead,  with  proiuineiit  sjiiiph>>eal  knob.  NiPiol  spinets  Hinall,  3 
spiues  ut  top  iiforl>it,  I  in  truiit  ivud  2  Itebiid;  2  Hpinea  on  each  side  nT 
vefta-x  nnti  1  oil  eiioh  side  nl'  nape;  a  tympaiiic  and  a  biiuieral  Hpine;  two 
a{iineH  on  opercle,  6  on  prenprrcle,  the  tirht  with  a  Hiuall  snppli^uieiitury 
spine  At  itt  litixc,  the  KtronK  preorlMinl  xpint'M  overhang;  Kiipraiiiuxllla; 
8iil)orl>itnl  carinii  feelile,  with  3  Hizinll  upincH.  Top  of  lioad  Hi-iileletw; 
HidcHoihoad  itiroiiipIoUdy  Hi'aliMl.  (.'ophulic  fllaiui-ntH  all  Htuall,  the  lon<;oMi 
allure  orldt,  siUout  3  in  eye.  <,JilI  riik<>ni  6-f7.  DiatMiic-e  of  HpinmiH  dor- 
Nal  lYoiii  tip  of  siiont  e<]Uiils  length  of  its  1iai>«;  lii'Ht  dorxal  npine  2  in 
oerond;  third  to  sixth  aliuat  o(|ual,'2  in  head;  iicuultimate  Npiuu  H  i>> 
liUit,  which  ii«  aliout  ei|Uul  to  orbit;  loiij^'est  ray  about  2  iu  head;  cauilal 
very  lonj;,  it«  middle  rayti  about  3  iu  lunj^tb  of  body;  anal  ori^iQ  ttader 
eleventh  dorsal  Hpiiie,  ittt  base  2}  in  hoa<l.  third  opiDe  very  little  longer 
'than  Hocond,  twice  as  Ion;;  vl»  lin<t,  about  eqnal  to  orbit;  longest  ray 
littlii  nion^  than  J  head.  Vent  wnder  tenth  dorsal  Hpine.  Sectoral  very 
lnnK<  lon{;er  than  head,  reaching  to  end  of  anal,  the  uppernio^it  1,  aad 
the  lower  10  simple,  tlie  othors  branched;  ventral  reaching  origin  of 
anal,  nearly  i  ua  long  as  head.  Color  above,  light  orauge  yellow,  erenniy 
white  below  lateral  lino;  fins  all  jiulo.  length  3}  inclies.  Mid-ocean, 
N.  lat.  23"  13',  W.  Ion.  39-  10',  oast  of  Cuba.  ("Named  for  AloxandiT 
Agasniz  in  recognition  of  his  eminent  nervioe«  iu  lU-ep-miu  explorations.") 

Senrpnma  nf/BMiWi,  OooDK  Si  Bkan,  (h-ciuili-  IclitJiyology,  2-47,  Ug.  243, 18WJ.  N.  lat.  aj"  13', 
W.  long.  39^  to',  itatioa  159.  Steamer  Blake.     (Ty)iv  In  M.  a  /..) 

tS»1.  aCQHVf.yk  FBIKTrLATA,  C.MMle  k  Itnan. 

Head  2»,  twice  length  of  upper  jaw ;  depth  3 ;  depth  of  oandal  ]>edancle 
eipial  tu  »uout;  eye  nearly  3}  iu  head,  |  length  of  iiiarilJa,  D.  XII,  D;  A. 
II1,.'>;  V.  23;  scak-a  about  8-«0-I5:  lateral  line  1»\><m  about  STt.  Intvr- 
orliital  apace  moderately  concave,  t  in  upper  jaw.  about  V  in  head;  mandi- 
ble reaching  to  posterior  margin  of  eye,  Hlightly  longer  than  postoriiital 
))ait  of  head;  teetli  in  villifonu  baiidH  on  Jaws,  vomer,  and  palatines,  m 
intkod  8|iac«  al  RVHiphyNiH  of  niaxillarius.  Anterior  nostril  nearer  eye  than 
tip  of  snout.  Apair  of  spineiiou  prcorbital;  6  spines  on  suborbital  cftrina; 
r>  on  border  of  preoperculnm,  the  uppermost  largcjtt.  with  a  smaller  »np- 
plcuientary  spine  at  its  base;  nasal  xpines  developed;  3  supraorbital 
Bpioes  on  oaeh  side  and  3  more  on  each  xide  of  the  vertex  and  the  nape; 
apoHtocnlar  (f)  s|iiiie,  a  tympanic  aiwl  2  bumerulM;  2  thin,  flat  s])ineH  on 
opcM'cnlum.  Nearly  all  spiiii-n  of  bead  with  short  lilawents  behind  tbem, 
longest  lilaniont«  above  orbit,  scarcely  ^  of  eye;  anterior  nostril  tubular, 
with  2  dark -colored  tiluwents.  Qill  rakorM  short,  stout,  the  olub-abaped 
extremity  anued  with  ininnto  spinos;  4  developed,  and  2  rodimente 
above  angle,  8  develuped  on  anterior  limb,  besides  5  SMsile  mdinioDtfl, 
I'Hcudoliraiicbiir  present.  luterorbital  Npnee  iucouqiletoly  scaled;  supra- 
niaxilla  llnely  nculed.  lltNtanoe  of  spinou.s  dorHnI  from  tip  of  snout  rqiials 
twii-e  length  ol'  upper  Jaw,  tlrst  spine  c<|ualing  interorbital  apace, 
■ecund  nearly  twice  as   long,  third  altout  3  in  head,  penultimate  little 


1842         BuJUHn  47,  Umit€d  SlaUs  NaUonai  Museum. 


mote  tiutn  \  length  of  last;  lonc««t  soft  doraal  ray  \  haem  of  spinoaei 
donal.  Candal  sligbtl  v  ruonded,  middle  rays  nearly  \  of  head.  OTi>rm 
of  anal  nndcr  laai  dorsal  spine.  Anal  spiaes  •toot,  Ktcond  and  third 
about  oqaal.  attont  twice  as  loDg  as  fint,  longest  ray  about  3  in  bead; 
ventral  •lightly  longer  than  maxilla,  not  qoite  reaching  Tent;  pectoral 
reaching  vent;  1  upper  and  8  or  9  lower  raya  aimple,  the  other  13 
dirided.  Color  (in  alcohol)  H^'ht  oraiigu  yellow,  a  faint  doaky  Motrh  ou 
npprr  part  of  opercle;  an  irregular  area  of  dosky  under  second  half  ol' 
•pinouM  dorsal  extending  down  to  aboat  middle  of  liody;  another  ill- 
defined  blotch  }  length  of  eye  on  ba«al  half  of  soft  dorsal;  membrane  of 
spinouA  dorxal  beginning  Ix-biud  fourth  BpLiie  interminglotl  with  dusky. 
L^nifth  t!  inches.  Only  the  type  known.  De«p  water  off  coast  of  Georgia. 
(Goode  &  Besin.)     (crittulatut,  with  a  small  crest  or  tuft.) 

Scorpaena  crittutata.  Goods  Si  BaA5.  Oc.  Ichth.,  246,  Ag.  243,  18M.  N.  lat.  300  44',  W.  Ion. 

79'  16',  off  Georgia,  in  440  fathoms,  at  Albatross  Station  M'y    (^TPe.  Ko.  39326.) 
Btorpitna  tchinita ,  Ei'-nucH,  Ann.  Cnir.  Lyons,  XXVI,  474,  iU,  pL  27,  fi^  4  to  6,  1898,  Bay 

of  Biscay,  in  700  fathoms. 

8«S»«.  8COEP£X*  BK.(SILIE?rsiS,  Ciivier  &.  ValpncienBos. 

H«td  2t;  depth  21  to  3;  orbit  4  in  he.id.  D.  XII,  10;  A.  ID,  5  (Sj):" 
transrene  rows  of  8cule»  (obliiine)  about  '£>  to  3<),  (vertical)  50  to  fiO; 
tubes  25  to  30.  Itody  short,  comprosseil,  profile  convex.  d<-pth  of  caudal 
peduncle  a  little  leaa  than  4  in  head.  Head  compressed;  interorbital 
spac-u  narrow,  a  little  more  than  4  orbit,  about  7  in  head,  deeply  concave, 
deepest  between  preocul.-ir  sjtines,  and  with  2  markcil  longitudinal  ridges 
on  frontal  boues,  parallel  with  the  supraocular  ridgc-^;  a  deep  pit  at  the 
ocH'ipiit,  deepest  behind,  it-s  anterior  side  sloping  back  from  base  of  coro- 
nal ( tympanic)  spioes,  its  posterior  side  nearly  vertical;  prcocular,  snpra- 
uculnr,  jiQKtot-nlur,  and  coronal  (tympanio)  apine.^  moderate,  parietal  and 
nuL'hal  spines  shnritest,  their  ridges  thin  and  sharp;  exoccipital  spines 
and  ridges  preseut;  spine  between  orbit  and  occipital  small,  not  bifid. 
Fre«rl)ital  very  broiid,  with  2  sbiirp  npines;  no  pit  between  ant«rior  infe- 
rior border  of  orbit  and  Kiiborbitil  «tay,  the  latter  low,  with  2  or  3  small 
spines;  tip])erni"8t  incnperciibir  spine  nmeh  the  longest,  a  BmuU  spine  nt 
its  buse,  the  others  very  small  or  almost  obsolete;  operenl.ir  spines  ruthec 
small,  with  not  very  prominent  ridges;  all  ridges  of  heml  losa  prominent 
than  in  Scorpama plumirri.  .I.iwh  rfjnal,  the  lower  with  a  small  B\inphy- 
»eal  knob;  niaxilLiry  reailiing  posterinr  edge  of  pupil,  about  2i  in  head; 
teeth  nil  jawR,  vomer,  and  palatines  in  rutUer  narrow  band*.  Psendo- 
branchiii'  reaching  down  nearly  to  cpihyal  bono;  gill  rakers  short,  com- 
pressed, iibont  7  on  anterior  limb.  Dorsal  fui  deeply  notched,  membrane 
reaching  halfway  up  the  twelfth  spine;  dorxal  spines  slender,  low,  thCj 
longest  equal  to  maxillary,  abont  2^  in  head ;  soft  rays  higher,  about  1| 
In  head;  anal  spines  graduated,  the  second  a  little  the  thickest,  soft  ray*^ 
1|  in  head;  candal  truncate,  or  very  slightly  rounded;  pectoral  reaching 
beyond  origin  of  anal.  »  little  shorter  than  head,  its  base  not  ])rocurrent. 
the   li»  louver  rayn  slightly   thiekened,  exserted   and  simple,  the   upper 


Jordan  and  Evcrmamt, — Fishes  of  North  America,     1845 


r»yB  (except  tho  uppermost  one)  branched;  vi'iitrals  reacUiiig  beyond 
vent,  the  last  soft  ray  attocUod  to  the  body  for  }  of  itu  length  by  a  rather 
brood  uiembriino.  .Siipraocul.-ir  Kiip  long  and  slender,  longer  than  orbit,  a 
little  more  than  3  in  bead;  proocnlar  llap  small ;  Maps  nt  bostt  of  apince  of 
preitrbital  and  lower  spines  of  preoperclo,  sninll  omis  on  rhe<»k»,  mem- 
br;iue  of  spiiiuns  dorsal,  and  on  tunny  of  the  soalcs  of  the  biwly;  larger 
riape  on  Intornl  line  nnd  along  buso  of  dorsal  fln.  Scales  large,  rather 
smooth,  vrith  membrnD.K'eous  eilges;  a  few  rudimentary  scales  on  front  nnd 
lla[i  of  opercle,  on  prtiopiTcIe  and  lower  jvart  of  cheek;  brea«t  with  small 
scales.  Color  dusky  olivaceous  or  brownish,  whitish  below;  a  fi'w  large 
dKTnso  dark  spots  on  sides  ubnTe,  nearly  as  large  as  eye;  the  posterior 
part  of  each  scale  darker,  giving  a  slight  sppckleil  appearance;  axil  pale 
with  Htiiull  dark  Bpot«,  which  are  also  spar^iely  present  along  lower  part 
of  aides;  pectorals  mottled,  faintly  banded,  their  lower  part  paler;  spi- 
nous and  !<oft  dorsal  and  anal  irregularly  marbled ;  caudal  witii  median  nnd 
t«:riiiinnl  blackish  bands;  ventrals  dusky  at  tip;  sides  of  head  dark,  with 
some  small  darker  spots;  snout,  intiTorbital  space,  and  tip  of  maxillary 
dark,  faintly  marbled;  underside  of  head  whitish  or  marbled  with  brown- 
ish; peritoneum  white.  Atlantic  coast,  from  Charleston  to  Kio  .laoeiro. 
The  K|)octmenB  on  which  this  description  is  based  are  from  Pensatcula, 
Florida,     {hiaiiluiins,  from  iiraxil.) 

Seorpinia  bratilimtii,  CrviKK  i&  VALKl<riB.x>ES,  Hist  Nat  PoiM,,  nr,  3e!>,  1839,  Bratil ; 

GCNTUBU,  Cal .,  II,  1  n.  ISOOi  JoKliAN,  Cat.  Flali.,  100, 188E :  MUK  &  NCWLAKU,  Proc  Ao. 

N*t.  Sci.  riillii.  isa'-,  395, 309. 
Revrpmia  utrarnri,  CxHJbB  A:  Bean.  Proc.  U.  S.  N»t.  Mu«.  18*12,  t21.  Penaacola,  Florida 

(CM.  Sitiu  .StcarDH) :  .Ii>R[iaj«  i^  OujlKRT,  Pruu.  T. S. Mat.  M ua.  16S2,  614;  Juuuah  II 

UluiKUT.SyuoiHiii), 'Xil.  IBM. 

2S80.  Nt<OKP.E>jk  HI.STBIO,  Jenyu. 

Head  2J^  (2{|  in  total  length);  depth  3^  (4  in  total  length);  width  of  lioad 
over  preopercles  ;t|;  orbit  high  np,  4^  in  head.  H.  XII,  10;  A.  Ill,  5;  P. 
20;  transverse  (ubli>|ne)  rows  of  scales  '25;  tubes  of  lateral  line  23  to  26. 
Body  compressed,  its  width  nt  baso  of  pectorals  2  in  hea<l;  caudal  peduncle 
short,  its  depth  a  little  less  than  orbit.  Head  heavy,  its  depth  and  width 
e<|ual.  Intrrorbital  space  narrow,  2  in  orbit,  deeply  concave,  the  con- 
cavity with  sloping  edges  and  rounded  bottom,  and  without  prominent 
ridges;  preociilar  ridges  very  thick,  prominent,  with  strong,  prominent 
spinc«;  supraocular  ridges  thin,  high,  with  very  blunt  spines;  pustocular 
spines  oti  rim  uf  arl>it,  external  and  posterior  to  supraoculars;  another 
small  spine  on  rim  of  orbit  below  and  a  little  behind  postocnlrir;  tho  bifid 
spine  a  little  behind  middle  of  posterior  margin  of  orbit,  and  behind  this 
a  small  exoccipital  spiue  with  a  thin  prominent  ridge;  u  pair  of  sharp 
"coronal"  spines,  with  small  pita  in  front  of  them;  thin,  rather  high 
parietal  nnd  nuchal  ridges,  of  about  e<iaul  length,  with  blunt  spines. 
Occiput  with  a  ]iit  of  moderate  de|»th,  its  longitudinal  width  1)  in  ita 
transverse  width,  (toutiniioiis  on  each  side,  between  "  coronal "  spine  and 
parietal  ridge,  with  a  pit  behind  superior  posterior  border  of  orbit,  ita 
anterior  side  elo|iing  backwanl,  it»  posterior  side  nearly  vertical,  sloping 
aligbtly  forward  between  anterior  edge  of  pariettil  ridges.     Nasal  spines 


1844        Butletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


strong,  nearly  vertical.  Preorbltal  very  widi',  withont  prominent  ridges, 
it«  iiiforior  border  liibaU<,  with  2  or  3  siuall  spines;  no  pit  under  orbit,  bnt 
fi  hroiid  nhallnw  deproHHiou  uudor  wbole  lengtli  uf  orbit;  suborbital  rid^e 
t|iiite  far  from  eye,  eiiuidistant  from  lower  edge  of  eye  and  upper  odge  of 
maxillary,  itu  cariua  coiiiiioticd  of  :)  or  -I  minor  ridges,  each  beginning 
above  the  one  in  front  of  it  ikiid  euditij:  below  the  one  behind  it;  a  eint;Ie 
small  spine  ut  jioHterior  end  of  laat  rtdge.  Uppermost  preopcrcular  npine 
longest,  a  little  below  tbe  lint!  uf  suborbital  ridge,  with  a  aniall  spine 
above  its  ba«e  iu  line  with  the  ridge;  the  second,  third,  and  fourth  spine* 
sncccKsivoly  Huialler,  the  lifth  obsolete.  Opercle  with  2  somewhat  diverg- 
ing Hat  ridges,  ending  iu  strong  spines;  3  thin,  sharp,  plate-like  ridges  00  j 
Hbonlder;  llrst  2  scales  of  Interul  lino  with  bony  keids.  Month  very  large. 
nenrly  horizoDt^tl,  wboll.v  below  inferior  edge  of  orbit;  maxillary  reach- 
ing beyond  pusti'iior  edge  of  orbit,  very  slightly  more  than  2  (2,'a)  iu 
bead;  JiiwH  eipial,  the  lower  without  prominent  aymphyseal  knob;  broiid 
bands  of  teeth  on  jaws,  vouiur,  and  palatiuea.  Psendobranchiie  large, 
reaehing  down  nearly  to  epibyal  boui;;  gill  rakora  very  short,  broud,  with 
many  iniuute  spines,  about  12  in  all,  about  8  developed  and  3  or  4  rudi- 
inentfl.  Sciili-s  moderate,  mostly  cycloid  (or  very  weakly  I'tcnoid);  ver- 
tex, interorliititl  space,  snout,  elicoks  above  suborbital  ridge,  and  both 
jaws  naked;  siuiiller,  t-mbi-diled  .srales  behind  orbit,  on  base  ami  llap  of 
opercle,  anil  below  Hiiboibital  stay;  breast  scaly.  Anterior  nostril  with 
l.'tciniate  ll.ipN.  .Supraocular  (laps  tiitDuto;  numerouN  llaps  on  8id««>  of 
body  mid  jircoperclc,  [ireorbital,  aud  under  lower  jaw;  n  few  minute  one* 
on  sides  of  head.  A  very  broad  cnntinnons  dap,  wiilth  about  1^  in  orbit, 
above  base  of  pectoral,  parMllel  with  edge  of  oporele.  Origin  of  dorsjtl 
opposite  upper  iinglo  uf  gill  o|ieniiig,  not  dr'eply  notched,  the  spines  only 
ntodiTately  exHi'rti'd;  third  and  fourth  spines  etjual,  longest  twice  as  long 
as  firut,  about  2}  iu  head,  the  folluwiug  apiueH  gradnally  and  ftlighlly 
decrea.Ming  tt>  the  eleventh,  wliicli  is  a  very  little  longer  than  first;  longest 
soft  rays  about  e<|(inl  to  longest  spine;  caudal  tniucate,  1;  in  head; 
Hocoud  anal  spine  a  little  longer  thau  third,  about  ^)  in  bead;  soft  rays  a 
little  longer  than  second  sjiine,  reaching  base  of  caudal;  pectoral  'i);  in 
length  of  body,  reaching  nearly  to  origin  uf  anal,  the  base  procurr^nt,  its 
width  :i^  in  head,  th*i  U  or  1:^  lower  rays  a  little  thickeued,  simple,  hardly 
at  all  ex.^Brted,  the  next  8  or  9  rays  inuch  longer,  branched,  the  upi>er- 
luost  one  siuijde;  ventrnls  rearhing  a  little  beyond  vent,  2  in  head. 
Color  in  alcohol :  Toji  cvf  bt>ad  and  sides  ilark  brown  with  a  slight  wash  of 
cherry  red,  bully  white;  checks  onder  eyes  mottled  with  light  and  dark; 
3  to  5  sniatl  dark  bands  or  a])ot!i  betwet^n  orbit  and  suborbital  stay;  soft 
dorsal  dark  :  uiembrane  of  spiuou«<  dorsal  and  base  of  soft  dorsal  strongly 
wiutbed  with  oberry  rrnl;  a  sinnlar  spot  on  opercular  tinp;  some  of  the 
flaps  of  the  aides  of  Kiiine  color,  otbers  white;  pectorals  with  3  dark 
bars  alternating  with  lighter,  the  axils  cloudy;  csndul  with  2  broad 
dark  bars,  the  lighter  band.*  uiiich  mottled  with  white;  posterior  part  of 
sides  with  several  white  spots;  a  uarrow  black  band  across  top  of 
l>odunclo  just  in  front  of  caudal;'  peritoueuni  white.     Length  9  iurhes. 


'  Jeayns  nnote*  Darwin's  color  notes: 
•BiaU  trreguWly  atutped  black  spats." 


'  Whole  body  searlst  rsd,  flna  Mtb*r  (alM,  wilk 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      184Jj 


Ptiuaina  tu  .Fuan  Fernandez.  Tlie  specimen  frnm  wliicli  this  ilrvsrriptioii 
ia  taken  in  from  Chiirk'H  iKhind.  (inlapngoa  Aii'hip6ta;;o;  rei-oiileil  from 
Jnnii  E'eriviindeJ!,  Tialnpagoa  An-hipehigo,  Chini-bas  Islands,  aud  Panama; 
a  alioru  liab,     {huirio,  ii  stn^c  pluyer.) 

UtonHrna  hUtrio.  jENVNb,  Zoo).  Vajr.  Beagle,  Fiabw,  33,  pi.  8,  \iVi,  Chatham  Itland, 
Calmpagoa  Archipelago  (Coll.  Dnrwin);  Gl^NTHKm,  Cut.,  il,  115, 186(1 ;  .Stkindachnek, 
Icbthyologiarhe  Bnitriige,  II,  8.  IgT.'i;  Josdan  Proo.  Ac.  Nal.  .St:!.  I'hiln.  1883,  2B2; 
Meek  ie.  Nkwland,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nak  Soi.  Phila.  ISSSi  306,  300 1  JoBUAM  &.  BoLUIAN, 
Proc,  V.  S.  Kat.  Mua.  1889,  182. 


9i40.  84'0RP£>iA  P1XX0S4,  Craniar. 

Head  3|  (29  in  total  teti£t)i);  depth  3  (3;  in  total  leoKtb) ;  widtL  :it  lioae 
(if  pDCtorjils  4;  width  ol"  bead  ovit  prcopercles  3}.  1*.  .\II,  10;  A.  Ill,  5; 
pectorals  H);  transverse  (oblique)  rows  of  scales  2r>;  latmil  liiii.' (tiibeH) 
iiboiit  25.  Itody  compressed ,  C'audnl  peduncle  .thort,  its  duptli  a  very 
little  less  tliiiu  orbit.  np])tli  niid  width  of  head  about  oi|iial.  Orbit  high 
up, 'Ii  in  hi'ttd;  tnterorbital  spitd."  narrow,  2  iti  orbit,  dt'eply  i'oiitav<', 
williont  proiDJiient  ridges;  preocMilar  rid};es  thick  and  proiiiinetit.  with 
strong  «pine«;  siipiaocular  riiljjos  thin,  with  blunt  g]iiuM;  poutocular 
spilt(^s  on  rim  of  orbit  rathur  Hliai'per;  uo  aniall  ajviuc  ou  riiu  of  orbit 
behind  and  extunial  to  tht;  pontiK'nlar;  a  bilid  a]iine  behind  middle  of 
[lOKteriur  rim  of  orbit,  and  behind  this  a  thin  e.\occipitat  rid^ewith  a 
blunt  iipiue;  a  pair  of  sharp,  broadly  tTiaiigahir  "coronal"  spines  with 
small  pita  between  them  and  the  atipnionilai-H;  thin  piirletiil  and  itndial 
ridjL^HS  of  about  e<inat  IrnKth,  with  rather  blunt  spincM;  occipital  pit  of 
iiiiWlerat^'  depth,  its  lon^ltuditial  width  14  in  the  tranHverse  width,  its 
stulertiir  tiidu  .^lopiii^  backwaii).  its  posterior  Hidd  sloping  f<lightly  liack- 
Wiinl,  forming  a  shallow  pocket  in  ))<).'4terior  part  of  pit ;  the  pit  ia  coiitiu- 
uoiiN  till  if»cli  sidi'  liiitweeu  coronal  spiue  and  parietal  ridge,  with  a  pit 
behind  postern-superior  border  of  orbit;  nasal  spines  sharp,  strong;  ])re- 
orbitul  very  broad,  with  moderate  ridges,  it«  inferior  border  lobate,  with 
1  small  spine  directed  forward,  another  downward;  uo  pit  under  orbit, 
but  n  broad,  shallaw  deiiressiod  between  orbit  and  siibDrbitiil  ridge;  snb- 
orbital  ridgn  well  separated  from  eye,  eiiuidiNtaut  I'roiii  lower  ritn  of 
orbit  and  upper  edge  of  maxillary,  and  com]>08ed  of  'i  or  4  minor  ridges, 
each  ttegiuuing  abo^'u  the  one  in  front  of  it,  and  eudiiig  under  the  one 
behind  it;  a  »ingle  small  spine  at  puott-rior  eml  of  last  ridge;  up(»eruiost 
preopercnlar  spine  lougeHt,  a  little  below  (he  line  of  the  suburbitul  ridge; 
above  its  basciaa  small  spine  nearly  in  line  with  the  ridge;  second,  third, 
and  fourth  preopercular  spines  Biiccossively  smullur,  the  iifth  (djsoleto; 
operclo  with  2  diverging  tiat  ridges  with  strong  spines;  three  thiu, 
sharp  ridges  on  shoulder;  Hrst  2  acalea  of  lateral  line  with  bony  keels. 
Mouth  large,  nearly  horizontal,  wholly  below  inferior  rim  of  orbit;  max- 
illary roacliing  about  to  posterior  margin  i>f  pupil,  2i  in  head ;  jaws  equal, 
the  lower  without  promiDent  syinphy.-u.<al  kuob;  broad  bands  of  tettth  on 
jaws,  vomer,  and  p;ilatiuosi.  I'sendobrancbia'.  larKe,  reaching  down  nearly 
to  epihyal  bono,  (iill  i-.tkers  very  short,  broad,  with  many  niinnte  spines; 
about  6  developed,  the  anterior  rudimeuta  tending  to  form  a  coatinuoue 


1846 


Bulletin  /7,  United  Slates  National  Museum. 


spinous  ridg«.  BcbJcb  morterate,  mostly  cynloid  (or  very  weakly  ctenoidf ) ; 
vertex,  intororbital  8(iaK<%  snout,  l>oth  Jaws,  and  I'hueka  aliovtv  siilHirbitAl 
utay,  naked;  oiiial)  onilieddod  scales  l>el)iad  orbits,  on  cheeks  below  lub- 
urbitnl  stay,  on  liaHo  atul  lliip  nfopercle;  sralca  un  breast  sniali.  Anto- 
riur  notiti'iU  with  lnoad,  k^iif-Iikii  liii-iiiiato  flaps:  preocular  tlaps  iniunte, 
siiprnuculiir  JliqiH  l(iii;4,  uiure  than  i  orbit,  about  ^  aa  broad  aa  long; 
nunieraiiM  llupH  uii  back  and  hiiIom,  on  opunilo,  uud  edge  of  prenperclo 
and  ])nM)rbitul;  a  f«w  nuiall  ones  on  cbeok  and  un  eye  above  pupil;  a 
liirpi,  iiiuc'b-iui'isi'd  and  divided  (lap  abiivi-  base  of  [lectoral  parallel  with 
ed(;u  "C  oporciiiar  lliip,  its  Ivngtb  about  U  in  orbit.  Origin  i>f  dorsal 
o]i[»o«ito  upper  an^jlo  of  (i,'ill  opening;  dorsal  tin  not  very  di>eply  notched, 
the  npinuK  only  niodurately  exuerted,  third  and  fourth  Hpines  equal,  altont 
2|  in  head,  the  following;  Hjiines  decreasing  to  the  eleventh,  which  is  1| 
tiiuea  i\s  long  aa  the  lirst;  Ion};«'st  soft  rays  about  equal  to  longest  apinea; 
<!un<la]  truuctite  or  very  aligtitly  rounded,  l\  in  bead;  seiioud  anal  spine 
a  littlo  longnr  than  third,  uliout  2^  in  bead ;  soft  rays  a  little  louger  than 
aettoud  spini-,  not  quite  reiiching  tuiso  of  caudal;  pectorals  about  3)^  in 
length  of  body,  reaching  nearly  to  origin  of  anal;  the  base  procurrent, 
itM  width  al>ont  'ik  in  iiead;  ra.vrt  19,  tower  8  simple,  slightly  exscrted  and 
tliickoiied,  the  next  10  branched,  niucli  longer,  tlio  u]ip<^nnost  sitnplp; 
veiitrals  ri'acbiiig  only  to  vent,  (iuneral  color  apparently  scarlet:  chcr-ka 
under  orbits  mottled  with  small,  dark,  uiostly  round  spots;  dorttal  and 
pectoral  pale,  with  flight  cloudings  and  Nmall  spota  of  dork;  tlapaofaidea 
palo  or  scarlet,  cuudal  with  2  faint  cross  bsirH  of  dark  spots,  faiut  white 
spots  on  the  lighter  bands;  uo  trace  of  white  spots  on  posterior  part  of 
sides,  and  uo  truce  of  dark  band  across  top  of  caudal  pednnelc;  axils 
pato,  with  apiiarcDtly  3  or  1  darker  spots;  a  large  dark  spot  ou  (ud«  behind 
opercular  llnji;  2  narrow  dark  Imndu  under  posterior  half  of  spjnona  dor- 
Bul,  I'uucking  ou  to  abdomen,  a  broader  one  under  soft  dorsal ;  peritoneani 
white. 

This  species  is  very  closely  related  to  Scorpa-na  hintrio,  Jonyna,  Irom  which 
it  differs  in  the  foliovving  points: 


4 


Seorptena  pannoio. 

Nlnctocn  ppctortl  rays,  the  lower  8  ilm- 
]>!>',  tbo  liext  10  brascliud,  the  uppermost 
Miiiiplo. 

ilcclpllid  pit  ilw'iwr  beliiiul,  iU  posterior 
wall  hlantine  bnekwanl.  Un  tnTigituduial 
width  Ij  iu  the  transvorse  widLli. 

Maxillary  docH  not  rcucb  ])i>at«dar  bonier 
of  orbit.  2}  iu  ticsd. 


Ventnl  fitii  roaching  only  t^i  vent. 


Soft.  rR^Hi  of  annt  nut  riuita  roacliiDg  ba«H 
of  caudal. 


Seorpima  hutrie. 

Twenty  poctoral  nty«,  the  lower  11  or  Vt 

ainvplis.  tbo  next  7  or  B  liTBOCh(<U,  the  tippcrr 
must  aicnplo. 

Lnnttitiidinnl  widtb  of  occipital  pit  1]  la 
ibu  trauBverso  width. 


Maxillary  reaches  beyond  poaterlor  twr 
dur  of  urbit,  very  slightly  minis  than  3  (},^| 

in  b«ad. 

Vvntra]  Ddji  raicliing  bsyond  rent,  ahoot 
i  of  distance  from  voot  to  front  of  itnal. 

Sflft  rays  of  anal  reacliing  baao  of  oaudal. 


Jordan  atid  Evcnuann. — Fishes  of  North  Ametica.     1847 


Seorpama  pannota, 

Brokii  Asp  Bbore  bWHt  uf  p«clora)  mucU 
Incised  and  tatterwl. 

(iill  Tnkcrii  fevrer,  tl:n  rudimenta  on  the 
fraut.  part  iil'  tlic  luiturjiir  Ilitib  apparently 
luniiiuj^  a  lantiJiuuMj)  »i>iaulouii  ridge. 

Nn  •mall  <iplBt<  OD  rim  of  orbit  behind 
postouular  »])ine. 

No  trace  of  white  apota  oii  posterior  parts 
or  oidMi  or  ul'  a  niitaU  dork  bar  lUiroM  kauk 
of  caudal  immIudoIc. 

A  distinct  large  ditrk  spot  on  side  lishlnd 
operculor  flap.  Pectoritls  uud  )<n(t  dorsul 
with  very  little  dark. 

Getieral  color  in  alrobol  rndod  scarlAt. 


Bnpraocalorflap  large,  nioro  than  )  orbit. 


Seorpema  hUtrio. 

Brood  llap  above  base  of  pectoral  with  a 
nearly  contiouoiH  bead. 


A  AQiall  iploe  OD  rim  of  orbit  behind  poat- 
i  ocular  apine. 

!  Several  white  «jM)t«  on  posterior  port  of 
sides,  and  a  nuull  dark  bar  serosa  back  of 
caudal  peduncle. 

No  diHtlnct  dork  spot  on  side  behind  opiir- 
cular  dap  PuttoruU  and  Holt  dui'sul  with 
much  dark. 

General  eolor  in  aloohol  dark  brown  and 
cherry  red. 

Snpraoonlar  flap  small. 


In  bis  original  ilescriptioD  of  ficofpama  hUtrio  from  Galapagos  lalandA 
(leujfth  9  iHchtw),  .IciiyaH  jfivHS  the  following  iletailH:  Ma\i)lury  reai'liiiig 
piisleTJor  margin  uf  urbit;  Bniall  spicio  on  riui  uf  orbit  behind  poatot'ular 
spine  prctciil.  only  on  lel't  8i<le  ((.'ntirely  absent  in  a  emaller  HpecimcD); 
I'onHpiciiouH  (lar^e)  jtstlmated  oupraiHular  llttpa;  eleventh  iloraal  apiue  a 
little  lunger  tbuu  thu  lir»t;  1^0  pectoral  TAy»,  the  10  lowur  BiiupJe,  tbe  uext 
9  brancheil,  the  uppernwBt  oni>  simple.  His  '2  Bpociiuena  exactly  agree 
iu  nuiubec  of  fin  r«y«.  Tbe  piat«  acconipiinyiiit;  his  description  (both 
(Leacriptioii  luiil  plate  bsiaud  oa  Mamt^  apeuimen)  gives  tbu  12  lower  pectoral 
rays  Hiiiiplo. 

Uulortimatiily,  we  have  only  1  apocimen  q{  3earp(ena  liiBtriu  I'roin  Galapa- 
goa  lelandH  and  1  ol'  S. panno»a  Iroiu  Panama  for  ooiiipariBon.  It  woiibl 
he  very  ilcHiniblo  to  havo  a  NuritH  fur  comparison  in  order  to  (k'teriuinu 
the  amount  of  viiriutioii  In  the  color  iuid  in  tho  other  poiut'^  in  which  the  2 
iipei'iea  ilillVr  from  t-ncti  other.  (Cramur.)  ranamn;  only  the  type  (7$ 
incbea  long)  known.    {pannoHut,  tattered;  referriug  to  the  shoulder  Hup,) 

Heorpofnti  paniiofa.  C'raiter.  in  Gilueht,  Prnr.  \J.  S.  Nat.  Una.  1384,  4411,  pi.  42,  PBaama. 
(Type,  No. 47573,  U.  S.  Nut.  Miia.    V<i\i.  AWatrou.) 


Sitl.  SCORPfXA  OCITTiTA,  Glrard. 

(SCOnPBNK;  SCOBPION:  SCCU>IX.) 

Hoad  2{  to  21;  depth  3  to  3^  D.  XII,  10;  A,  III,  5;  lateral  line  30 
(tiibea),  50  to  60  sciilea.  Body  robust,  littk<  comprosaod;  iiiterorbital 
apace  not  very  deeply  foiicave;  a  pit  at  the  vortex  iu  front  of  ot-tipitftl 
ridges,  tmich  broader  than  foti^,  narrowest  at  the  tnidtlle  line,  ita  anterior 
ed^o  rtiiiiiing  outward  and  forward  on  each  Hide  to  base  of  tympanic 
aptnL^  Mouth  very  broad,  little  ubliiiue,  lower  j.iw  iueliided;  inaxillury 
very  broad  posteriorly,  2i  in  head,  re;u'hiiig  j)o«torior  mari,'lii  of  <»rl)it. 
Gill   rakera  very  short,   broad,   ci^upreased.    Cranial    spiaea    bluutisb, 


1848  Bulletin  ^7,  United  Stales  National  Mustum, 

high;  preooalar,  snpraocnlar,  poAtocnlar,  tympanic,  parietal,  nuchal,  atnl 
oocipital  Hpiiica  present,  l>esi(le8  a  bifld  spino  between  the  exoccipit-al  ami 
orbit;  upper  preopeivalar  spiue  much  the  lougeot;  opercular  spines  not 
large;  Bupru^Ciipular  spines  :h,  knife-like;  thi;  pn-orbital  with  3  or  4  mod- 
erate ridges  (livergiug  forward  and  ending  in  Kpinl^H;  a  sniall  diHtinct  pit 
between  lower  anterior  uiiirgin  of  orbit  aixl  siiburliit-iil  ntay,  tbn  latter 
uiodi-rately  carinato,  with  aouiutimoH  2  or  3  bluntitth  spines.  Hcn<J  nakeil : 
bri'OMt  and  re;;ioDH  before  ]iertoralH  covoriul  with  .■tuiall  <'mbe(Idcd  sc.ilea 
(with  I'xreption  nf  o]i«rciil:ir  tlnp):  anterior  margin  of  preorbitals,  margin 
of  pruiiperclti,  abd  n(i«ti'il>  with  skinny  tliips;  a  rather  small  tlup  bi-himl 
procK'iilar  spine,  a  larger  ouu  between  oiipra  and  post  ocular  Kpiues,  u 
little  uiori'  than  2  in  uvbit,  besides  several  sninllev  ones  on  various  parts 
of  the  head.  Mirales  small,  nowhere  distinctly  ctenoid  ;  nearly  every  seale 
on  the  upper  pnrt<r<  of  body  with  a  small  membranaceons  (tap,  the  flaps 
larger  along  iateriil  line.  Dorsal  spines  high,  higher  than  the  soft  rays,  the 
longest  ii^  iu  lieiul;  second  anal  Kpiuo  longest  and  much  the  atrongest,  3 
in  head;  peetgnil  very  broacl,  sboi-t,  und  rounded,  its  lower  rays  procnr- 
rent,  itn  tip  reaching  l>6y(iii(l  thf?  ventrals  to  veiit,  its  base  more  than  i^  in 
head,  itft  length  3A  in  bod  v ,  the  li>  lower  rays  simple,  thickened,  the  rest 
(exi-e]>t  the  uppermost  oni^)  liraiiehed;  cainlul  rounded.  Urown,  irrogn- 
larly  mottled  and  blotchod  with  rosy  purplish  .ind  pale  olive;  o{>ert-les 
and  cheeks,  a  bar  behind  eye,  and  5  or  0  large  blotches  at  biiae  of  dorsal, 
purplish;  head,  baek,  anil  sidtm  with  many  small  round  ilark-ojive  spots; 
belly  uui>potted;  thorarie  region  pink  ;  spinoua  duntal  blackish,  its  middle 
part  with  niiiny  ronndit<h  pale  !4p«t8,  forming  u  eoutiuuous  stripe,  besides 
smaller  black  Hpota;  caudal  anil  pectoral  with  vertical  bars  of  dark  and 
])a)es)iotA;  soft  dor.-ial  and  anal  »<p<>tii'd;  veutrals  pinkish,  little  spotted; 
juwa  and  brauehloMteguls  yellowish,  more  or  less  mottled;  axil  pale,  with 
ruutid  dark  N]>ot-*;  peritoneum  white.  Length  12  inches.  Pacitla  coast 
of  America,  from  Monterey  to  Aaoenstou  Island,  on  the  west  coast  of  Lower 
California;  very  abundant  alioiit  San  Diego;  a  good  food-Hsb.  Hero  de- 
scribed from  San  Diego  specimenH.     {'jiillalut,  8i)eckled.) 

SeerpimM  ffuttata,  Oiraico,  Ftoc.  Ac  Xat.  S*<L  Pliila.  ISM,  145,  Monterey  (Coll.  LteaL 
Trowliridge) ;  Guiakd,  V.S.  Piic.  R.  K  .Surv.,  X,  FiahiM,  77,  |il.  17,  liga.  1  to  4,  18&B;  Joa- 
D*»  ^  (iu,iiiBT,  8ynui>*li, 070.  1683:  UsBK  ii.  NKWiaitD,  Proe.  Ac.  Mat.  Scl.  PiaiU. 
1885,  3M,  -AV. 

SebatlapitUi  ijiittatiu,  Sra-KK-n,  BulL  IT.  S.  Kat.  tf  lu.,  vu,  63, 1877. 

iSii.  M('0KPJ:>°A  rLVaiERI,  nioeb. 


(Kabcacto.) 

Hoa<i  2i  in  length;  depth  3.  D.  XII,  10;  A.  Ill,  5;  lateral  line  40 (rows 
of  scales}  about  2.5  pores.  Body  short  ami  thick.  Head  irregular  in 
form,  with  uumerouH  groMvew  and  pitH,  und  many  Meshy  tlnps;  a  large  deep 
pit  below  the  eye,  between  it  and  llio  front  of  suborbital  stay;  supraocu- 
lar ilajj  at  least  as  high  tu»  eye;  large  daps  on  preorbital  and  edge  of  pre- 
operclo,  proociilar,  supraocular,  postocular,  enronal  (tympanic  f),  parietal, 
nuchal,  and  o>uccipital  spines  present;  a  deep  pit  beltind  cx>roDal  spines, 
aa  long  as  broad;  preopcrcular  and  opercular  spines  moderate,  bluntisfa. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — FUhes  of  North  America.     1849 


itnl 


ith  »  I 


Bharii 


apiliies;  a  few  Hoalea  on  pre- 
opurcle  aud  ojierciitar  tiap;  heiwl  otherwiKo  naked;  luAxillary  rcacbinR  to 
behind  e>e,  nut  quite  ^  head;  lower  jaw  included;  liroaat  covered  with 
miittlt  embedded  scales;  acale8  of  body  large,  nut  ctenoid,  Itrni,  many  of 
thi-u  with  lui-mltranai-eons  (Ijips;  lateral  Hou  with  a  aeriea  of  Ilesby  tlape. 
Uoraat  low,  the  hJ^heat  «pine  2}  in  head,  sntnewhat  lower  than  th«  soft 
rays;  pect^rala  very  l>roiwl,  procurrent,  reacbiug  uboiit  to  front  of  auul 
fin;  second  imal  Bpiuo  very  robust,  2.i|  in  head,  much  larger  thau  third; 
the  ridfjBs,  opines,  und  jjrooves  of  hutuX  all  exag|rerat«d;  ;«  aiimll  bilid 
Hpiuu  between  orbit  and  exoccipital  spiue;  iuterorbital  space  deeply  fou- 
cave,  the  pit  at  occiput  bowl  shaped-,  luaxillarj  reaching  Dearly  to  poste- 
rior margin  of  eye;  jaws  about  e')ual;  teeth  on  jaws  in  rather  broad 
bands,  tbose  on  Toiiier  aiid  pitlutlneM  iu  narrow  bniida;  gill  rakers  very 
short,  as  broad  as  high ;  [iHcudobninebiix  large;  orbit  high  up,  5  in  head; 
preorbital  wide,  corrugated  with  about  1  radiating  ridgco,  its  inferior 
border  with  'i  bliiut  itpiaes;  l.iaao  of  pectoral  2\  in  bead,  tbe  10  or  11  lower 
rays  Hiniple,  a  little  thickened  und  esBerted,  the  ujijier  rays  (except  the 
apiieriuowt  one)  lirimttbed;  second  anal  spine  somewhat  louger  than  third. 
The  color  highly  variegated,  Bubjertto  niiicli  variation;  sand  color,  with 
2  broad  blackiHb  Hliadett  on  the  body  and  1  on  tbe  head;  belly  purplitih; 
lower  aide  of  ht^ad  tinely  speckled  in  all  shades  of  light,  dark,  and  pearly 
bluish ;  upper  parts  covered  with  whitish  cirri  and  profusely  speckled,  the 
iurf»<:e  looking  as  if  covcretl  with  Band;  eye  with  radiating  dark  spota; 
dorsal  covered  like  body,  with  tsomo  well-mnrked  wkitiiih  i»pot«;  dark 
band  of  body  passing  on  to  ssecond  dorsal;  caudal  variously  mottled,  with 
'A  pale  and  3  black  bands;  aual  whitish,  variegated  with  reddish  and 
black;  ventral  siuiilar,  with  inoro  luarooD  red;  ]>ectoral  still  more  varie- 
gated, tbe  tip  scarlet  shaded;  inai<le  of  pectoral  largely  bright  yellow, 
then  blackiflh,  tinged  with  cborry  red;  axil  jet  black,  with  largo,  round, 
white  spots ;  lip.*  barred  with  black  and  whitittb ;  uieuibruues  and  angle  of 
mouth  light  bright  yellow;  peritonentu  white.  Sonio  exuuiples,  espe- 
ciaily  old  ones,  taken  in  red  algm,  largely  scarlet  on  body  and  lins.  Weet 
Indies  and  lirazil,  north  to  Ftoriila;  very  common  everywhere  iiova.  the 
Florida  Keys  southward.     (iN'auied  for  Father  Charles  I'luuiier.} 

Svorfoma  plumitri.  liUicn,  Nya.  HruiiU.  Stockll.,  S,  231,  178U,  Martinique;  BLOCII  ic 
ScUNKtbKB,  194.  ISOli  UOnrUJUi,  Cll.t.,n,  113,  1860;  JOBDAK  ,9c  QlLUEKT,  !SyDOp«iB.  080. 
1883;  JoROAN,  Proa  U.S.  Nat.  Ma«.  ISBi,  187;  Mekk  11  'SF.vrukKti,  1'rw.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci. 
Fhila  llf»i,  :I9G.  400 ;  QUtcthsb,  CliiaioDger  Beport,  Shore  FinlKts,  vol.  i,  I'arl  vi,  9, 1880. 

8eorp<ena  hvju.  CcviKH  &  V AUntClsmrKB,  Ilifit.  Nat.  I'oiaa.,  IV,  300, 1829,  Martioiquc. 

Sootyama  ratcaeio,  Posr,  Syaupula,  !I03,  1BA9,  Havana. 


M4S.  SCOBPfXA  HTSTES,  Jordan  &  Slarks. 

(I.APOH.) 

Head  2i;  depth  SJ.  D.  XII,  10;  A.  Ill,  5:  soales  about  30;  orbit  6^  iu 
head;  maxillary  l';  poctoral2;  highest  dorsal  apino  3^;  second  aual  spine 
3;  caudal  2.  Body  robust,  not  itnub  roiupn'HS(~il ;  iuterorbital  spaee  wide, 
not  deeply  concave,  i  wider  than  orbit;  a  pit  between  preorbital  and  eye, 
and  a  broad  depression  behind  coronal  spines;  uiembronaccouB  flaps  on 

3030 — ay 


pr^orbital,  edge  of  proopercle,  over  amtrilR,  and  above  eyes;  preocttlar, 

HiijirucK'ular,  tyinpunic,  coronal,  oocipit«l,  niicbul,  aud  oxoccipital  opinet 
preMent.  Maxillary  reaching  to  behind  eye;  lower  Jaw  included.  Gill 
rakers  short  and  thick,  aliont  3-|-ii;  head  naked,  with  the  exo<>ption  of  a 
few  *«m1icdded  scales  on  prenpercle  and  posterior  pnrt  of  opercle:  scales 
on  biidy  lar^e,  many  of  tbem  with  lueuibranaceous  flaps.  Olive  brown, 
aIint»Bt  Mack,  uiarlded  with  light  drab;  npen-nlar  dap  with  polo  e<lge: 
the  lint*  niucU  spotted  and  inarblt-d,  all  eso(.-pt  spinoas  dorKid,  with  white 
margin,  innn'  iliatitict  in  the  young;  caudal  fin  8howin<;  3  indistinct  cross 
bars;  a.\it  .iet-bla<'k,  with  whitespots.  Allied  t«  •S'<'orj>ii»a  plumirH  UliH-h, 
which  sjHMii-s  it  represents  on  the  Pacific  Coast  and  from  which  it  ilillers 
in  having  a  wider  iiud  Hatter  interorbital  area;  the  lower  Jaw  wider  and 
more  ronnded  in  front ;  the  knob  at  symphysis  not  so  sharp  and  projecting; 
the  pit  behind  coronal  spines  broader  and  not  so  deep,  and  tite  color 
darker.  Length  15  inches.  Pai'iftc  cua-^t  of  America,  (luayniaa  to  I'auamo, 
generally  common  on  rocky  shores.     (/it'tfr^Si  priest.) 

Seorpiaiu  mytrt  .Iukoaji  .vStabKs,  Proo.  CsL  Ac.  ScL  180S,4B1.  pL53,Haxatlan.     (Tj-pes, 
Nor.  1.W1,  ISIB.  1017,  291B,  L.  8.  Jr.  XToiv.  Has.    Coll.  IlopUns  Exp,  to  MauUan.) 


tiU.  8C0Br£XA  eRlNPM'OBMS,'  Cuvier  &.  VslenciaiUMW. 

(LlO.N  Fisu.) 

Head  2\;  depth  2\.    D.  XTl,  9;  A.  Jll,  5;  lateral  line  26  (pores).     lio<ly 

rathor  stout;  deeper  tliiiu  in  .S(«r^)(rn«  pltim'irri  and  much  It^SS  varii-(;ate>] 
in  color;  sidr.^  an<l  bend  with  dcrnini  Haps;  Haps  on  lateral  line  long;  a 
slight  depression  below  eyo;  "  corunul "  spines  none;  saborbital  stay  with 
about  2  small  spines,  !  near  middle,  the  other  behind;  occipital  pit  very 
deep;  spines  of  head  sharp;  a  few  scales  on  opercle;  breast  with  rudi- 
mentary scales;  Rnprnornlar  tlap  very  large,  wide,  and  I'ringed,  more  than 
i  leugtli  of  be.i.d,  reaching  to  beyond  froutof  dorsal;  eyeabont  1  in  lie.'wl; 
Tiiuxillary  reacbiiig  posterior  margin  of  eye,  2\  in  bead.  Dorsal  $,pines 
higher  than  iu  reflated  species,  the  hi;rhest  oqnul  !«  second  spine  of  iiu»l 
mid  iibont  |  bead.  Cirny,  with  brown  sliades  and  faint  cross  liars;  sidivi 
with  niimerons  liright  yellow  sjiots  iu  life;  axil  dark  gray,  with  round, 
white  dots,  I'iieli  siirrouiided  by  :i  durk  ring;  pectoral  largely  blackish 
above,  1^  tdaek  blotch  at  base  below,  tin-  tin  largely  tinged  with  yellow, 
eh)>ei'i:tlly  ou  the  inner  aide;  supraocular  tHament  bluckish,  with  graj 
fringes;  woft  dorsal  liirgeiy  blackish  toward  the  tip;  spinouK  dorsal  chietlj 
(lunky;  ventnil  tipped  with  bhiekit*li;  iinul  with  a  bl.ack  bands.  oaiid:il 
with  2,  a  faint  bitnd  nt  its  base.  Florida  Keys  to  Brazil ;  common  in  shal- 
low water  among  alg;e ;  a  lii«h  of  striking  iippeurauie,  niiich  dreaded  by 
the  tishermen.  The  Hpeciniens  here  described  from  Key  West.  Isramdi*, 
large;  coma,  horn.) 


*  The  Htinm  opecieii  of  Storptroa  found  In  the  wnten  of  the  tTnltoiI  States  majr  be  iU*- 
tlDgiiiRlicil  b.v  till*  (^rilorof  tli<>  axillary  reginn,  lu  fnllowi: 
S.  ijullala.  pale,  iifiiiallv  iii]H|>otti-(] ;  1  or  2  dark  «|Mit«  behind  11. 
AT.  phnnirri   jot  lilm-k^  with  n  frw  larpo  wliitt*  sjtolM. 
a.  hratniUnns.  imlt*.  witti  wevcriil  reuiiil,  blucklah  npotft. 
0.  irirriHif,  pale.  wltlKlnrk  "(■•'••ks,  uiiil  a  i1i*rk  iihot  nboTo. 
8.  ifranaicornii,  dusky  gray,  with  uaiuuruoa  wliite  glclUU)  spots.    (Jordan.) 


Jordan  and  Evemtann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1851 


Starjuana  tjraniiiec>mU,Cvrtxsi  &  VALENCiEmnca,  HlstXat.  PoIm.,  it,  MO.  1839.  Martin- 
ique, Porto  Rico,  Havana,  San  DominKo;  OOirTllBIt,  '^ut.,  II,  114,  IHM,  ToEV,  Syno])- 
ai»  MS,  lgM\  JoaiiAx,  Trui'.  IT.  S.  Nat.  Mim.  1.S8J.  13«i|  Jobhan,  CX.  Fiah.,  liia.lSUb; 
UUK  A.  Newlamu,  Proo.  Ac.  Nat.  Sol..  Pbila.  18«5,  3Dfi,  401. 


:::24r>.  Sf  «)llP.e\.i  iirs.SlILA,  Jordan  .V  Uullinwi. 

Head  2Jr  to  2J  (3  to  31) ;  depth  3^  t<i  3*  (4  to  4J).  D.  XII,  10;  A.  III.  5; 
luturut  line  45  to  47.  BihIj-  roliUHt,  coinprcsscd;  IjncU  littJe  elevHled;  pro- 
file very  j;i;iitl\  nn-hed  from  Nnont,  to  origin  of  spinous  ilnrsal.  Eyi-  large, 
3i  in  bfuil.  MoiitU  hirj;*';  iiiitxillnry  reachiii);  posterior  iti.irfjin  of  pupil, 
2  in  h«^A<I.  Snout  4i  ii>  heiMl.  Int(>rorbital  sjiaci-  nsirrow,  <-oncave,  itH 
width  !!■  Ijttln  le«M  than  i[  <\ve.  Occipital  and  Ntilmrbital  pits  .•\l>8<>nt.  i.iill 
rakers  whort  and  thii-lv,  3  or  6  dovolnped.  XiihaI  Hpinefi  short  and  Hhnrp, 
not  Iciui^er  than  length  of  nostril.s;  ]iri^ariihir  8|iirii<  very  prominent, 
lBrg(*r  tliiiii  others  on  top  of  head;  supninctilar  spino  not  so  Btronj;  as 
postooiilar  .-ind  tyiiipauii-,  whii-h  nro  tdrjso  together,  thn  latti'r  fidlnwed  by 
a  low  striate  ridgo  which  bi-iirH  tho  low  occipitiiL  uiid  niu'lial  Kpiiie»;  no 
coronal  spines;  tiMiijutrai  rid>?o  prnmiuent,  ending  in  u  .s))iue,  and  with  2 
blunt  Mpiue.i  in  Iront;  Indow  thfdOj  luid  aliuiit  hallway  to  suburbititl  .stiiy, 
aunthcr  wiaull  «nd  blunt  spine;  pre<jrbitiit  with  2  larj,'r  forward  projfi-titif; 
spinoH  iu  front;  aiiborbital  iiUiy  with  n  [iroiiilneiit  ridgo  whicli  beara  a. 
amiiU  opiiiu  belnw  naterior  margin  of  pnpil,  and  2  inoro  lii^hind  posterior 
ninrt;ia  (in  tho  younjj  th«  lirst  of  tliesiv  '2  is  absent).  I'reoptTch'.  with  4 
diHtiiiL't  HjtiueH,  bctiidca  Nome  4  sni.-Lller  projrrtiuua.  the  luvgest  spine  with 
li  Hinall  one  itnmediatrly  bolotv;  t>[ierctilnr  spiiie»  2,  lrir|j;e  and  Hli^trp.  tho 
hiwer  the  InngiT.  Scales  small,  srnr<'ely  rtenoid,  those  on  Ui'lly  much 
reduced;  breast  and  rfjj;i"n  in  front  nf  pectorals  and  ventral*  seaU'il;  nnte- 
dorsal  region  with  3  or  4  rows  of  embetldcd  Bcalps;  temporal  region  with 
a  f»w  embedded  Hvales;  cheek  with  about  1  rows  of  large  scales  below 
thii  stiliorhital  Htay;  incinbrane  of  opcrcb's  with  a  few  scjili's,  the  opercle 
itself  naked;  scales  of  body  without  llenhy  Haps.  .Supraorbital  t«titaclo 
develnjied  iu  the  yonnji,  disajipeaiitij;  in  thr  adult.  Dorsal  R|)iiies  not  as 
liiy;]!  as  soft  rays,  the  llu  de<>ply  notidipd  ;  (irst  apine  2  in  eye,  se<'nnd  H, 
third  almost  cipiating  eye,  fourth  and  lifth  almost  cipial,  3  in  head,  twelfth 
3^  in  head;  longest  soft  ray  uf  dnrsal  2i  in  ht'od;  first  anal  spino  2^  iu 
second  or  2  in  eye,  second  anal  spine  longer  than  third  and  e4]iial  to  eye; 
longest  soft  ray  etjualing  that  of  dorsal;  poctorals  long.  11  in  head,  the 
lower  It  rays  simple,  the  ni'xt  6  branched,  tho  uppermost  1  simple;  ven- 
tral reaching  vent,  vory  slightly  umro  than  2  in  head;  caridal  rijn.il  to 
pectoral.  Color,  dark  brown  almve,  probably  criiiiBon  in  life,  palo  below 
level  of  upper  half  poctoials;  upper  half  of  head  dark  but  without  nay 
distinrt  8[)uts,  the  hack  mure  or  less  niottb^d  with  duaky;  spitions  dorsal 
with  a  ilnwk}'  band  at  base  and  another  across  its  middle;  soft  riorsa!  ilark 
at  base  ami  with  .1  or  i  irregular  rows  of  saialj,  ob.scurc  brow^^isll  spots; 
caudal  tijjpwl  with  bbtck,  traces  of  ."»  narrow  dark  bar  across  its  middle; 
pectorals  slightly  ti[)p('d  with  black,  the  middle  slightly  mot tk*d ;  vm- 
trals  and  anals  [uile  or  with  trucea  of  black  on  tips  of  rays;  peritoneum 
white.    Length  t)  iuoheo,    Pacific  coaat  of  Colombia.    Kamerouii  specimeuB 


18.'52  BulUtin  ^7,  UniUd  States  National  Afusntm. 


w(iTO  drodgeil  at  a  depth  of  33  fatbrnns  at  Alhatrott  Stations  2796  and  2797. 
(Jordan  Sc  Bollinau.)     {ru»»nlHt,  reddish.) 

StttfiMM  rumUt.  JoRDAK  &'.  BoLLMAN,  Pruc.  U.  S.  N»l.  ilhit.  1880,  18S.  Pacific  cout  of 
Colombia.    (Type,  No.  tlli»,    Coll  Albotrou.) 


HM.  )!<(  UEr£>A  80X0B£,  Jonklna  it  Evennium. 

Head  24(3  iu  total);  depth  SH^^);  eyeSinhaad.  D.  XII,  10;  A.  HI.  5; 
■oalea  6—17-15.  Bmly  oblong,  slightly  couipresscd;  b»ek  not  greatly  ole- 
v»te«l;  profile  gently  arrhed  from  moiit  to  ori^jiu  of  lirst  iIors:iI,  and  but 
little  convex  from  there  to  caudal  6u;  vuutral  prolilo  ne:irly  straight  to 
orif;iu  of  luml,  where  it  makes  a  broad  an^le  with  line  to  hn«e  of  caudaL 
Head  large,  little  c«niprv«sed.  Mouth  large,  oblique;  niasillary  large, 
triungulfir,  2;  in  heftd,  extending  to  putiteriur  uiurgiu  of  pnpil ;  prenia\ill»- 
rii'H  vvitli  11  d«o|>  ainnsnt  the  middle  of  their  anterior  luiiruiu  into  which  fit« 
tilt.'  «ligbtty  iinijofting  lower  jaw.  Occiput  hn\nDg  no  distinct  pit;  no 
pit  bi-tweeu  tli«  lower  anterior  margin  of  the  orbit  and  snborbital  stay. 
Toeth  ill  villifiinn  liatiils  on  .jaws,  vomer,  and  pahitinus.  Siiborbitnl  with 
a  sharp  ridge  bearing  3  small  epiues,  tbene  in  u  line  with  a  strong  spine 
on  the  preoperclo;  n»mil  spines  sninll,  with  11  prominence  between  them 
nidde  by  the  upper  posterior  tips  of  the  pri'maxilLirieH;  the  preopercnlnr 
HptiiD  tho  l;irgesl ;  thoHiipraoculiir  ridge  with  2  Kraall  spines  a  little  Iwhind 
uiiilillo  of  oye;  on  the  upper  posterior  uiitrgin  of  the  orbit  a  strong  tuber- 
cle rising  into  :<  stuall  spinea  from  whiih  a  well-devt-Ioped  oot-ipital  ridgo 
extends  backward,  ending  in  a  sharp  spine;  tympanic  spines  ijuito  fimall; 
coroniil  ridges  i|nite  proniiuciit.  with  at  least  S  distinct  spines  on  each; 
niiohnl  spines  ivtdl  developed ;  opendo  with  2  strong  ridges,  both  begin- 
ning at  the  anmc  point  on  a  level  with  the  pnpil  .and  at  a  distance  from  it 
e(|u:illug  diauH'ter  of  eye,  (iio  Imver  oue  niniitng  nearly  horizontally  back- 
\v:»ril  across  the  opordo,  whik^  the  n]>pcr  and  weaker  one  divorge-i  from  it 
ut  an  angle  of  iibotit  SO  degrees  .ind  extends  to  the  lateral  line;  the  length 
of  each  of  tliL^ae  ridges  oipialing  diimiutiT  of  eye.  both  ending  in  spinns; 
five  preopcrciilar  spiiii's,  Ibo  iipperuiost  much  the  largest,  in  a  line 
with  the  suborbital  ridg*-,  iind  with  11  very  sjiruU  npineou  its  ridge  near  the 
uiiddie;  tho  stKond,  or  next  spino  below,  is  very  short  and  incouspiciions; 
tlio  third  short  mid  bnmd  and  proji'ctiiig  slightly  downward:  the  fourth 
HinallRr  tlisui  tliiid  and  incltitod  still  more  dowiiw.ird;  while  the  fifth 
is  still  smaller  and  projects  uearly  at  right  angle  with  the  first;  sub- 
orbitjil  ridgo  prominent,  bojiring  'J  small  spines,  tho  anterior  one  flirectly 
beiieiitb  tho  pupil,  tlio  otlier  at  nnt^'rior  edge  of  preopercle.  Origin  of 
spinous  dorsal  a  little  in  front  of  opiTculut  l!ap,  its  distance  from  snont  3 
in  body  to  base  of  caudal;  first  spiue  short,  less  thjin  snout  in  length; 
ftocoud  spine  equaling  eye:  third  e<(iia!iiig  distiKK-c  from  tiji  of  snoat  to 
middle  of  pupil ;  fourth,  fifth,  ami  sixth  each  !»  little  longer;  tho  remain- 
ing I  gradually  shorter,  the  eleventh  about  as  long  as  first,  thus  making 
the  tin  ©nmrginato:  sill  rather  stiong  and  pnngent;  tho  next  spine  slen- 
der, greater  than  eye  in  length;  dJBtancc  from  base  of  dorsal  to  caudaJ 
not  equaling  height  of  tho  former;    auul    uioderato,  its  height  a  little 


I 


I 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  Norih  America,     1853 


greater  thtiTi  \X%  I('ii>;tb,  its  origin  under  be^^inuiug  uf  ooft  ilorsul ;  tbe 
flrst  spine  Hbortor  than  ao'ond  spiiio  of  dorsul :  tliu  Bocnnd  nmcb  atrongor 
and  longor,  \  lenKtbof  head,  lougor  than  lon{;e(«t  doraal  8(>iu»;  third  more 
slender,  Bliorttfi,  abonteiiualiu^;  longest  doreal;  soft  rays  about  e^pialing 
longest  apine;  anal  and  dorsal  tins  c<inally  distant  from  candal;  pectorals 
long,  1,^  in  hea<l,  tboir  tips  jiiist  piissiug  first  nniil  spine,  ijasertcd  a  little 
in  advance  of  vontralH  nud  niucb  below  axis  uf  body;  tbe  nppcr  rays 
hraurbed;  ventrals  close  tocrother,  uiodorate,  Jnst  reachiD;^  vent;  caudal 
nioilerate,  about  equaling  pectorals  in  length.  Chet'ks  well  scaled,  oper- 
cles  nearly  naked,  occipital  region  with  a  few  poorly  developed  sciiles; 
body  covered  with  moderate  cycloid  scales,  about  47  in  a  longitudinal  and 
21  in  tranHveiBe  series ;  tbe  lateral  line  beginning  at  the  upper  angle  of 
opercle,  then  curving  <lowuward  to  a  line  vertical  from  the  tips  of  tbe 
ventrals,  and  then  uiiward  to  uc>nr  middle  of  base  of  tioft  dorsal,  from 
which  it  is  nearly  straight  to  caudal  fin;  but  few  dermal  llajis  upon  scales. 
Coloration  in  alcohol :  body  pule  below,  dark  above,  mottled  with  darker; 
head  dark,  snout  and  jaws  covered  with  tine  pnnctulations ;  a  dark  blotch 
between  the  eyes,  an  irregular  blotch  extending  from  below  eye  to  edge 
of  opercle,  and  another  on  suborbital  just  below  pupil;  spinous  dorsal 
with  3  dark  blotches  at  btise  extending  onto  body,  outer  edge  mottled 
with  black;  soft  dorsal  with  a  dark  spot  at  the  base,  a  black  spot  greater 
tbandiametcr  of  luipil  on  middle  of  outer  part,  and  another  on  the  tiita 
of  the  last  rays;  peetor.-ils  with  2  distinct  black  bars  and  mottled  with 
blaek  neur  the  base,  the  narrow  outer  edge  white;  axilla  jmle;  ventrals 
white  on  anterior  half,  tbe  terminal  hulf  black;  an.il  white,  tips  of  last 
rays  with  a  black  spot ;  caudal  with  H  block  bauds,  the  lirst  piirtly  on  the 
peiluncle,  the  second  about  oi]naling  J  the  eye  in  width,  the  posterior 
edge  at  middle  of  fin;  tbe  third  on  ti])  of  ilu,  about  etiualing snout  in 
width.  (Jenkins  •!  Evormann.)  Length  about  4  inches.  West  coast  of 
Mexico;  Gnaymas,  Mazatlan,  etc.  Common  in  shallow  water.  A  small 
speoioB,  closely  allied  to  the  group  called  PonttHM. 

Starptinm <tm«r<r,  Jkmkui'S  .v  EvcoHAXif,  Proo.  0. 8.  Mat  Una.  1888,  ISO,  Guaymas,  Sooora 
(Type,  N41.  3{MJ4<.  L'oU.  Jenkiua  ii.  ETenamui)  1  JoKPAJi,  Fi«U<<*  of  Sinoloa,  lu  Froo. 
Cat  Ac.  Soi.  18S5,  ton. 


8847.  8C0RP£XA  I^trERSIH,  Carter  &  ValenctimoM. 


Depth  4i  in  total  length.  D.  XII,  S;  A.  Ill,  5;  P.  T.).  Body  elongate; 
opercular  lobe  short,  2f  in  head;  eye  ."H.^  in  beitd,  t«|ual  to  snout;  int*>ror- 
bital  space  concave,  5  in  iliameter  of  eyv;  orbit  hi^li  up,  ma\illary  reaeh- 
iiig  posterior  border  of  orbit;  2  pores  along  tlio  lower  juw;  tbo  tirxt  sub- 
orbital with  2  spines  on  its  inferior  border:  prcoporulo  spinous  as  in  S. 
plhrnirri,  the  other  8]iin(^s  in  tbe  head  less  prononnced;  the  inteniul  spine 
("coronal")  of  the  prin<'ipal  frontal  lacking;  Knpraecapiilar  with  2  par- 
allel spines;  spines  of  dorsal  nnef)n:il;  pectoral  rounded,  its  first  2  raya 
simple  but  articuliiti'd,  tbe  next  2  bmnche<l,  the  following  14  sim]de; 
8i!oond  itnal  spine  very  short,  about  3  in  height  uf  body,  almost  o^ual  to 
(liutnotor  of  eyo;  occiput  without  pit;   supraorbital  tlax>  quite  short,  a 


1854         Bulletin  /7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


very  Nniul]  tim*  iit  tliu  nnstril;  Bomi-  sninll  fllanieuta  on  th*  atdas  ind  on 
liLt4'ra1  line,  ricucral  color  that  of  N.  «7niN('irvrfiM.  Cuvicr,  mubladirith 
yclloiTiah  ami  lirown,  the  belly  paler;  on  okiiriiro  blotrh  on  subopotrlr, 
another  on  inferior  l*uii«  of  pectoral;  caudal  with  ^1  vertical  brown  bau(L< 
on  a  yellowish  ground,  1  at  bnee  of  liu,  the  Becoiiil  in  middle,  the  third 
termlDal;  eye  niarkeil  Avith  red  and  yollow;  axillary  region  entirely 
wbitidh;  no  sniiill  white  points  on  the  scale*  of  tbiH  region.  L^n^tJi  'i\ 
inchoK.  (I'oey,)  \Vo«t  Indies,  north  to  Florida ;  recorded  from  Martinif|ne, 
lluvana,  and  Clearwater  Harbor,  Florida.  Thin  speciea,  with  only  2  of  the 
jiectoral  riiys  brnnchtMl  (OoodoA-  Roan,  in  their  description  of  tile  Florida 
typ<i,  nay  "rays  all  or  nearly  all  BJinple"),  seems  to  fonn  a  trannition  to 
the  is^eiiue  r<in«Hi'»,  which  can  l>r  di8tiut;ii)8hed  from  S'-vrjHrna  only  by  tho 
undivided  condition  of  the  pectoral  rays,     (inrnnix,  nnanuod.) 


Aorjiana  inermU,  Ccmui  A  Tauu«<'I£.nncs.  Iliiit.  N'»t.  PoIm.,  it,  311,  ISZS,  Uartiaiqac. 

lOoU.  M.  Richml.) 
8eorf>tena  oedpitalxM,  PoBT,  Memuriun,  II,  171,  IMK),  Havana;  Porr,  Synopaia,  30$.  IMS; 

Joniiik.!!,  Cat.  FUhcs  K.  A.,  109,  1885;  Mbkk  &  'S^vulSH,  Pfoe.  Ac.  Nat.  Sol.  Phila. 

ims,  397,  402. 
Storjttrna  eaUarnta,'  OoobK  A.  BlAM,  Pror, U.  S.  Nat.  Ma*.  188S, 412,  Clearwater  Harlior, 

Florida  (Type.  No.  23M0     Coll.  I>r.  J.  W.  Trli(M:  ictttkH  ti  GlUUtr,  Syvopate, 

liea,lBB3. 

694,  PONTINUS    i'oey. 

Pnnttnvt,  PoBV,  Mem.  HIat,  Nat.  C'liba,  n,  172,  IWW  ifotlitr). 
Urbattuiihtt.  Olix,  I'roe.  A<:.  Nut.  Sci.  PhUo.  1863. 208  (faiAiii). 

This  genus  differs  from  Siw-pn-nn  chiefly  in  having  the  pectoral  mys  aW 
fliuiple  and  th<-ir  tips  only  free ;  anal  with  5  tot)  raya;  suborbital  keel  com- 
IhiBbJ  of  3  or  1  distinct,  ditTtTonliiitcd  spines,  2  prominent  rotrorso  spiueti 
on  eiirh  prcorbital.  No  pit  at  occiput;  scalcH  ctenoid ;  cheekH  and  oper- 
du(»  usually  Kcnly;  pectorals  not  proourrent.  Tlie  American  species  all 
have  D.  XII,  10;  A.  Ill,  5.  (jioHtiutu;  poiu,  a  bridge,  referring  to  the  sub- 
orbital stay.) 

■  Here  la  itlveu  iiomli'  <b  Bonu'ii  dm<'Tlpll<in  of  Sf«rpirna  ealtnraUi,  which  apecioa  J«r- 
iIiUl  auil  Ut*ok  It  Xi^wlaiiil  linM?  iilentifiiMl  willi  Scorjiiniii  veeipilnlit,  l'<>«y - 

SeurjKrna  ealcarala,  (joooE  Jt  Beas:  l)o|ilh  S.  U.  XI-I.  1»;  A.  III.  5;  P.  IB;  latoral 
UneZS  ('£>IiiIh-h).  Bmlv  utwlrrut^.  rnbuitl ;  eye  lare^  nearly  3  in  head .  hiwrrjawalighllT 
iirtticcHDg,  with  u  wiiiill  Hyniiihynciil  kmib;  maxillary  rc-acblng  piwt  pupil,  lu^  L-nplh  f 
lieail:  pnxirliittU  Willi  ;i<llv'('rKinj:»i)in(>9:  ^iilHirliltJil  without  pit,  tb«>  Imhit  '  '  ■  iif^ 
armwl  wllli  2  miiall  Hpiin>»;  niixal  »piiii«.i  anioll;  iulcrorbital  «pi«e  nam)"  .^x- 

liiiliiiial  rlilt;i<(i,  it«  wiJib  i|  lunplli  of  eye;  rraoial  ri<li:f!i  rather  low.  with  ,,(««, 

amngMl  aa  in  Scorjnmn  tUnrnn.  Oixipilul  ravity  jiltnoat  itbdoh'tr,  Prprx'^-ni.-u  ii_y  a 
alicbt  iloproaitiun ;  pi-vopcrt-iiUr  spini-i*  5,  tUn  lont-nntvat  al<>ut,  ilircctrd  domwanl  and 
forward,  thr  uppeniioRt  ratbrr  Intij!,  nuirii  Ih.iu  }  n\r;  oiien'iiUir  mxI  ■tcapnlar  aploM 
nKxtariiln :  HiiprnuiiiUr  Ilu|>it  iiiIuuI'l-,  d  fi'W  uther  itiiiall  lliiiis  on  Imail :  chcoka  with  ralbrr 
laruo  hiibrli'ati'^l  M'nle«,  opuri'li;  ^vitii  Home  HoalcH  aitlfHorly  auil  «jii  Ita  Hap;  breaat  acaly . 
Hcalea  of  Imily  luru".  nut  cli'iiciid,  vvHh  feHdcminl  iSaiw  <ir  iiiitir:  ]><ir<'a  <if  lateral  lino  very 
I'liUHpioiioiia.'glll  rakcrx  Rlicirt  ami  ciniill :  doraal  apiJD«a  rather  oli'iidor,  the  Imigoat  21  in 
hiuil ;  liiimi'Jti  Knft  ray  2)  in  liea<) :  niiul  epinua  ainall,  the  lecond  auil  Ihinl  iiuliQ<|ual,  1  io 
hentl;  lust  ri4\  lurguly  iiiiil»l  <"  I'clly  bv  a  membnuie;  aoftanal  rnv»  m™!f  mfiv  rriitrala 
reachliiK  l>'>'t  '  •'■<■.  li  in  hnnd;  iwctiirut  Imic,  U  in  bead,  it*  !'.<  '  V| 

in  bead,  tbv  myanll  <<>r  ni'jirlr  nil)  nimiile.    Color  i>NHriitinlly  .'i  ii 

siliennr);  ax.il  of  )ke4'tornl  wltiU'«b,  with  dusky  s|»o<'ka.  a  ul.i.  .,m  .        ^'tLv; 

veatnia  moatly  block.    (Uoodu  ei:  Bvau.)    Clearwater  Uaxbur,  ifionua, 


I 


Jordan  and  Evermaun. — Fishes  of  North  America,     1855 


a.  Base  of  pwtoral  broail,  the  (Id  fajiabtipeil. 

h.  Snout  naked  above  as  is  Ihn  iuttMrbltol  space. 

t.  Eleventh  dxriul  8ii]n<.>  ueiu-ly  as  loDg  as  twelfth  \  maxillary  Sin  head;  intcr- 
orbiliil  apiii'u  10  in  lioad;  vyo  1  in  liuad  (young  spvciiut-n).  Uninmu 
roMy,  ititoruiiDgicd  witli  ]>early  white.  maoboi^ki'Is,  2218. 

».  Elvrentbdnraalepino)  aa  long  a»  twelfth . 

(i.  Kyo  h\  in  head;  maxiUsiry  reaching  |  acrosi  eye;  head  4  in  total 
ttiiigtii ;  nplnous  dorsal  U>w;  pectornl  pDinfed;  ■ii]iraorbiLal  ten- 
tiulo  S  1u  total  lungtli ;  caniiluo  red,  without  niarbLings. 

CASTOR,  '0*9, 

M.  Eje  I  in  bead;  nuxiUory  reaoblng  anterior  third  of  urbit;  spinous 

donuLl  liJKh;  i>octi>n«l  ronn(!e<i;  carmiDO  red,  with  rvrticiil  rosy 

lianils.  iNiLLCX,  2250. 

lib.  Snout  Tnlly  scaled  ulMive;  iuterorbitai  spnce  witli  few  scales,  top  uf  iiead  ntlior- 

wiAO  onlirrly  scaly.  batubumi,  2251. 

aa.  Base  of  pertaral  narrow. 

s.  Head  without  iilniaents;  n.ipo  and  top  uf  snout  scaly;  ventrala  reaching  vent. 

Feetoral  rays  18.  LONOiHl-utu,  2252. 

».  Head  with  simple  Hlvndci  lllonii-nls;  top  of  head,  Including  interurbital  apLce 

and  top  of  suout.  outirvly  scale<li  veotnils  not  reaching  vent.    Pootoral 

rays  18.  sixiuu,  22S3. 


224S.  POSTIM'S  SACKOLKPIS,  Goodo  and  Beau. 

Head  nl)oiit  2^ ;  depth  about  3 ;  deptb  nf  caudul  pedniicle  e'i]nal  to  Hiiout. 
D.  XII,  10;  A.  Ill,  5;  P.  17.  Width  of  head  about  2  iu  its  kaglU,  Sciilos 
6-22  (tiilM'H)-lO.  luterorbitiil  apace  dcepiy  concave,  2  iu  snout,  10  in  hc.nd. 
Eye  about  3  in  bend  (in  it  young  individtinl).  I'ti.st  orbitiil  p:irt  of  liend 
2  in  distsmeo  from  ti)i  of  fitiont  to  oTij,,'in  i>f  apiuuiis  dorsiil,  Muxilln 
reauhinj;  bL-yntid  middle  of  uye,  2  in  he:id;  iuandibloro;icbia;;  t"  posterior 
border  of  eyt^,  about  2  in  bead,  ecinul  to  ti'iiglb  of  veutriil  I'm.  Teetli  in 
villiform  bunds  on  jivwh,  vomer,  and  p«Iatini';  ;i  Diiked  space  at  syniphy- 
819  of  intiMtjiaxlHiiries,  into  which  lits  a  projecting  spur  at  tip  of  niaiidi- 
bles;  iiiiindibli-  witli  slight  Byiuphynoiil  knob  «nd  3  liiryo  port's  along 
middle  of  itii  snrface.  Nasiil,  proocular,  auprno«'iilar,  poatoriilar,  tyin- 
pnuic,  parietal,  nnd  nuchal  spines  present;  a  parotcipital  spiue  and  2 
hiimerals;  2  »toiit,  llat  spines  on  oporrle,  4  on  preopercle,  uppermost 
lar(;t*8t,  and  with  Hn])])li'meut:iry  spuie  »t  its  base,  third  larger  tli.tii  sec- 
ond or  fourth,  Suborbilnl  carina  consistiug  of  3  i^pinea;  2  on  preorbital, 
both  bendini;  backward.  Four  rudiments  and  2  developed  gill  rakera 
above  an^le,  1>  developed  rakers  on  anterior  liuib  of  an-L,  developed 
rakers  with  Binall  kuoU  at  tip.  Preocnliir  tilanieut  very  short;  sitpraiicitlar 
I) lament  about 3  in  eye  Autcrior  nostril  tubuJar,  with  thin  narrow  llaji; 
distancu  bi-tween  anterior  nostril  and  •■ye  eipialH  intemrbital  width;  pos- 
terior nostril  not  tnbular.  Scales  larger  than  in  I'onlintis  louffitpinii)  or 
cnntor.  luterorbitiil  space  nnd  top  of  snout  graleless;  Lead  otherwise 
entirely  scaly.  Distaui-e  of  dorsal  from  tip  of  nuout  twice  the  maxdla; 
iirst  spine  }  of  second;  third  louffcst,  about  24  in  head;  penultimate  spine 
about  5,  and  last  H]>iuo  1  in  head;  iirst  and  bust  H])ines  equal;  longest  ray 
about  3^  in  hetul;  c.iitdal  ulniont  truncated,  middle  rays  about  2  in  head; 
anal  origin  under  second  dori^ul  spLuo,  length  of  ba.su  1  iu  head;  tirat  spina 
about  2|  iu  second;  second  2;  in  head;  third  shorter  than  secoud,  about 


1856         Dullciin  //,  United  States  National  Museum. 

3^  Lu  head;  longest  ray  eqiiulB  longest  dorsul  apino;  pectoral  reachiiiK 
reiit,  rays  all  simple,  longest  'i\  in  longtta  of  body;  vcntnil  origin  under 
b«ee  of  pectoral,  rettcUinj{  veut,  4  in  leugth  of  body.  Color  (in  freah 
Bpcciiiien)  uniform  rosy,  int«nnlngled  with  pearly  white;  light  areas  nio»t 
conHpicaoua  ou  liu«;  auterior  part  of  anal  more  iuteniicly  coloretl  than  any 
other  part  of  tish;  copliulii'  tentat-les  pale,  the  Bupraooular  pair  with  ji 
littlu  baud  of  roHc  :t  littlo  bi'lou*  middle;  pupil  intentie  blue;  iria  {(oldeii 
iibove  ttiid  below,  overlaid  with  rosy,  greenish  goldcu  anteriorly  and  pon- 
tcriorly  ;  belly  aod  thront  jienrly  white ;  the  light  areas  on  caadal  Buual:it<> 
bfinda.  Total  leDgth4H">'heH;  to  base  of  caudal,  3|  inches.  A  single,  small 
individual,  otf  Yucatan,  in  130  fathoms.  (Goode  and  Uean.)  {,naHp6i, 
large;  A.e;r/$,  scale, ) 

/VnMiiiM  tnaeroltpit,  Goour  A.  Beam,  C)oeaiiio  lobthyol0i{ry,  »7,  ttg.  347. 1890,  N.  lat.  aeP  S9' 
30",  W.  Ion.  86"  aj'  45",  >t  Albstrom  Station  a3S4i  off  Yucaun,  in  130  fathonu,  ITjp*. 
No.  38331.) 

2249.  POSTISrS  CA.STOR,  Tony. 


Head  2^  in  totiil  longtli;  duptb  c<|(iul  to  distance  from  tip  of  snoot  to 
Drub  oi]irfopoi«k',  •!  in  total  length.  U.  XIJ,  10;  A.  111,5;  P.  17.  Eye  o^ 
in  head;  snout  prolouged  in  fnmt  of  orbit;  mouth  vi>ry  large;  niaxjllary 
n-su'hiug  t  across  oy«;  intororbital  spao'  very  narrow;  no  pit  at  occiput; 
3  pores  on  catli  side  along  lower  jiiw.  Teeth  as  in  others  of  the  group, 
asulso  eipercnlar  (spiiics,  which  .-u'e  not  striated;  jtrenporolo  with  a  rather 
strong  spiue  on  itn  bordtr  wliicli  has  another  smaller  oiio  »t  its  base; 
beltiw  this  2  blunter  s]iiues;  first  suborbital  with  a  lint  spiuu  above  and 
2  others  on  its  inferior  border ;  nono  on  it«  crests;  1  short  backwardly 
direi'ted  spine  on  tho  sccnud  miborbital  and  2  on  the  third;  nasal  spines 
presflnt;  preocnlur  spines  very  sharp;  supraocular,  postocnlar,  and  tyra- 
panio  spines  present,  iu  it  straight  line,  joining  tho  parietal  .tnd  nuchal 
spines;  a  spine  on  tho  uicuitoid,  another,  somotinies  'J,  on  the  suprascapu- 
lar; postfrontal  with  2  small  spines.  Spinous  dorsal  low;  last  dona] 
spine  twice  as  long  as  tho  one  before  it ;  second  anal  spine  niodiuni ;  pec- 
t.or)il  pointed,  its  seventh  ray  longest,  the  others  decreasing  rapidly;  all 
simple,  iirti<;nlated.  Lateral  lino  plain,  n  tube  on  each  scale;  scales  of 
back  sind  belly  of  samu  form  as  those  of  sides,  the  latter  larger,  non«  ou 
lictd.  first  suborbital,  maxillary,  luteropercle,.  nor  on  limb  of  preopercle. 
Flaps  not  braiirhcd;  supraorbital  tentacle  long,  5  in  total  length,  the 
others  very  short;  1  on  ethmoid,  T  ou  prefrontal,  1  on  parietal,  many  on 
lateral  line  and  belly.  Uody  carmine  rod  without  uiarblinga;  fins  with 
altern.atiuus  of  red  and  orange;  iris  red  with  small  yellow  circle;  supra- 
omlar  tentacles  and  last  raya  of  pectoral  anuulatcd  with  brown.  Length 
9  inches.  Havana;  very  rare  in  deep  water.  <Poi>y.)  One  specimen,  col- 
loctofl  by  Poey  and  agreeing  with  his  description,  examined  by  us,  in  the 
U.  S.  National  Museum.     (Catlot,  twin  brother  of  I'ollax,  in  Mythology.) 

PonlitM*  eatlor,  Fort,  Uemoril>^  11, 173, 1880,  Havana.    (ColL  Poey.) 
Sturpmut  eatlor,  Mkbk  &  Kswlamd,  Prw.  Ac.  Sax.  S«L  PiiUa.  1886,  307, 402 


Jordan  and  Evcmtann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     1857 


3250.  POMtNl'S  POLLUX,'  Foey. 

Very  closely  rolattMl  to  Ponlinut  metor  iti  form  and  color,  dJttingnia1ie<l 
prini-ip.illy  by  •*«  akisk«ton.  1».  XII,  10;  A.  Ill,  '>;  1'.  17.  Bwdy  hijijlior 
than  in  I'oiilimit  ritstoi;  lioad  ainaller;  eyo  lurgor,  11  in  total  leDj^th,  't  in 
beiKl;  niiixillary  roachinu  ;uiterior  tliird  of  orbit;  interorl<itiil  space  only 
t  of  ociibir  (li:iii)otcr;  orcipiit  no  luoro  di'pressetl  tliiin  in  Ponfimiit  mglnr. 
First  suborbitiil  with  2  quite  strong;  Hpiui-s  ou  itn  inferior  UurdiT,  and  1  <in 
its  crest;  a  ilfnibb-  fi]iinc  on  socoml  Buhorhitiil,  2  on  third,  in  a  line  with 
the  double  anterior  preopcr<'iil:ir  spine,  below  th«  latter 3  others;  the  other 
8piiii58  as  in  I'untinut  rit»H>r.  Tliu  long  bony  enpraacapnlar  tiMitarlo  more 
Blonder;  i\  aniall  prcorhital  tuntaclu  ;  othern  present  on  th«  ]ioiotH  of  siinie 
of  the  dorsal  Hpi libs;  the  rent  (litllciilt  to  diatin^niah.  Pectoral  ronnditd; 
Spinous  domal  higli.  Gen^Mal  color canninc  red,  with  vertical  rosy  bauds; 
tbeae  2  eolora  alternating  oil  the  flua;  iris  vermilion ;  peritonoiun  silvery. 
Length  9?  inchds.  Havana,  very  rare  (Pooy);  not  Bt^en  by  us.  (I'ttUiis, 
one  of  the  Gemini  or  twins.) 

Pmlinuipoaux,  PoBV,  MarooriaH,  U.  174,  ISSO,  Havana.    (Coll.  Poey.) 
SS&I.  I"0\TIXi;s  UATtlBrM,  Go-Mlo  A  Ilean. 

Head  ahont  2i ;  depth  nbont  2J ;  eye  and  anoiit  equal,  4  in  head.  D.  XII, 
10;  A.  111,5;  r.  IT.  Grfat est  width  of  head  wjnalH  niiddli'<  <^BudaI  ray». 
luterorbital  spnip  not  very  di-eply  concave,  about  2J  in  eye,  about  10<  in 
bead.  Miixilla  nearly  reaching  pnatorior  margin  of  eye,  iibnot  '2\  in  head. 
Mandible  roachinji  bi'jond  eye,  equal  to  postorbital  part  of  head,  twice 
a«  long  ii«  eye.  Tm'th  in  villiforui  h;indH  nu  jaws,  vomer,  and  piilatinea; 
a  naked  space  at  fly(nphy«is  of  intL^rm.ixillarioK.  A  pair  of  recurved  wpiueM 
on  preorljital,  t  on  Htihorbital  carina;  4  on  preopert'le,  the  uppermoat  with 
a  Hmulk-r  supplementary  Rjdue  at  it!4  ba8(>,  the  first  and  third  largest;  a 
pair  of  cnniproMsed  (lat  bpinea  on  operelo;  n:i«al,  proocular,  supraocular, 
pOMt<K-alar,  tynipaiiic,  parietal,  and  unt-hal  apiucs  present;  single  pos- 
terior apiiio  on  each  side  and  2  hitiuernl  npines.  Two  gill  raker.s  and  5 
radinieiitH  abovi'  the  angie,  and  8  rakera  and  .5  niditnentt)  on  the  rintr'nor 
lijub,  the  longest  jilxmt  R  in  oye,  slightly  expanded  at  the  tijis.  Pseiido- 
krancbijK  well  dc-viOojied.  A  very  short  and  *di-n(ler  proocular  and  a  largo 
supraoctipital  (aiipraocularf }  lilameiit,  the  latter  alioiit  1^  in  eye,  expand- 
ing at  top  into  a  seinileaf-likc  tip;  a  sitiall,  slender  fitauieut  between  pari- 
etalw  and  nuchal  8pin<'8,  ai-ombined  tihmieiit  behind  the  lower  proorbital 
apine;  aute-rior  no.Mtril  tubular,  with  2  or  3  small  filaxnonts.  Interorbital 
space  with  few  scales;  to[)of  euout  fully  scaled;  head  entirely  scaly  above. 
Distance  of  spinous  dorsal  front  tip  of  snout  equals  length  of  biLso  of 
spinous  dorsiil,  2]  iu  bmly  k<ugth;  first  Kpino  2  m  second;  third  longest, 
2^  iu  head,  equal  to  upper  jaw,  twice  a<»  long  as  pennltiiiiate  spine;  last 
spine  equals  eye,  4  in  head;  base  of  soft  dorsal  4,  and  longest  rays  6  in 

*  Pmv  states  that  he  uogloct«d  to  lukn  iiot«»  on  the  i;enerio  chatsctera  founded  upon 
thescaleaor  I  lie  head  ana  tbo  oiraple  rays  of  the  pectoral  In  I'ontitHU  pvUux,  bnt  tlio 
species  is  s«  nearly  relaUid  to  fontinut  caMor  ttist  Uu  believes  it  belongs  tu  the  aaino 
genus. 


1868         DiiUdin  47,  United  States  National  Museum, 


boil.v  Iniigth.  ('aiulftl  ne»rly  trunciitis,  middle  rays  IJ  in  bodj  Itjngth; 
first  iuml  spine  ithout  2J  in  sieconii,  the  secunil  longer  (ban  tliird;  long««t 
r.iy  ei)u:il!*8e«'oiid  f<piiir;  pei'tonil  n^acbing  slightly  iieyoml  veut,  tbo  ray» 
nil  niiiipli',  the  toiUh  loiifjest,  4  iu  leugtb  of  body;  ventral  reachiug  vent, 
its  spiiif  3  iM  hi'ad.  Ueiieriil  color  light  orange  yellow  (in  life  probably 
ror^eatv);  6  dark  blntnlirii  on  iipjier  uiirface,  lirst  on  uupv,  »t!con<l  at  brgin- 
tiiug  of  Bpiaoii:^  dorax],  third  iiiidor  fourth  dorsal  spine,  fourth  beginning 
nnder  Hoventh  Hpine,  fifth  iit  origin  iiud  sixth  near  end  of  soft  dorsal,  the 
largest  about  i  eye;  soft  dorsiil  witit  nnnieron«  ronndixh  dark  blotrhe* 
on  thu  Hkin  covering  the  rays;  caiidiil  niiirkud  tike  soft  dorsal;  other  tin* 
pale.  L<<^ugth  \i,  inches,  riosdy  related  to  PoHliuu»  caHttrientit,  liiit  di»- 
tiuguistied  by  Khortor  pectorals,  longer  second  aual  spine,  more  udvaneed 
position  of  auttl  liti,  Htiborbitsil  cri'st,  more  advanced  position  of  pectoral, 
wb<i»e  biwe  ia  altiioMt  hiddeu  under  branchiostegiil  menibtiine,  etc.  (Iff 
Cape  IlatteraH,  North  ( 'aroiina,  iu  80  futbouia.  (Goodo  iVt  Hoan. )  ( '•  Named 
for  Mr.  Riehnrd  Kutbbuo,  ebief  of  the  Division  of  Scientific  Inquiry  in 
the  United  States  J'^sh  Coinniisaiou,  iu  rocoguitiou  of  his  important  cou- 
tribiitious  to  marine  ztwlogy.") 

rontinit*  rallJiuni,  GuuL)K  &.  UlUN,  Ooeauic  Ichthyology-.  255,  flK.-MS,  IBUa,  oiT  Cmpe  Hat- 
teras,  N.  lat.  3j°  39',  W.  long.  74*^  jt',  ia  Bo  fathoms,  Albatross  Station  1398.  <T»ia. 
No.  Sa325.) 

»«S.  PUX-nSl'H  LOMJiSPlirM,  Go«Hle  ii.  Bean. 

Ileiul  ahotit  24;  depth  3);  loast  depth  of  oandal  jindnni'le  4  in  head. 
D.  XII,  10;  A.  HI,  5;  P.  II!;  rows  of  Hcalea  7-4tl-13;  pores  of  lateral  line 
25.  6reat4>f)t  wtdtli  of  heud  about  -  iu  it«  length;  interorliital  space  7  in 
head,  S-in  eye.  Kye  Sfi  in  hi'ad,  e<|Unl  to  snout.  Maxilla  reachiug  luidiUe 
of  eye,  2j^  in  head.  M:iii<iil>l«  uxlundiug  a  little  farther  back,  nbinit  2  In 
head.  Teeth  in  jawM  in  villifomi  bands;  n  slight  interspaee  at  symphysis, 
separating  the  2  enlarged,  elub-sliapod  ends  uf  the  iu(e>nnaxillariv«; 
vtmieriue  teeth  iu  a  very  narrow  triangular  band:  ]ialatine  bnudtt  very 
narrow.  Nasal,  preorular,  supraocnlur,  puetocular,  tympanic,  parietal, 
and  inicli:d  Hpinen  pretieut;  tliosn]ira  iiiul  post  ocular  and  tympanic  small ; 
a  poaturliitnl  tipino  behind  oiliit.  2  on  shoulder;  a  jiair  of  spines  on  front 
of  preorbital,  3  on  siibovbita]  ridge,  4  on  preopercle,  of  which  Jhe  one  at 
the  middle  of  tha  border  i»  tlio  largest;  2  on  o]ierele.  Gill  rakers  stout, 
rather  Hlmrt,  12  dovelojiod  on  anterior  arch,  !>  of  them  on  anterior  limb, 
liisiiliis  the  nnliinentii.  Paeudobranrhiie  well  developed.  No  filament* 
about  bead.  (  heikw,  opercles,  nape,  and  top  of  snout  scaly;  sides  of 
SDiiiit  and  muxillarie.i  naked.  Anterior  nostril  tubular,  distance  iVom  eye 
I  of  diiiuieter  of  eye.  Origin  of  spinouH  dnrsul  a  little  in  front  of  basie  of 
poctontl,  distani-e  from  tip  uf  snout  twiio  length  of  maxilla;  lirat  spine 
about  1}  In  seeoml.  seeoiul  about  2  iu  third,  third  2  in  head,  the  eleventh 
about  U  in  twelfth,  longi'Hi  ray  2i(  iu  head;  eamlal  very  slightly  emargi- 
ii:ite,  middle  ruys  about  l  in  liody  length;  origin  of  anal  under  first  my 
of  soft  dorsal,  its  batse  abcmt  3  in  head,  second  spine  longest,  the  first  :ii 
in  second,  24  in  third;  longest  ray  a  little  shorter  than  longest  spine; 
peetoroi  re4M:hiug  beyond  vent,  almost  to  end  of  apinous  dorsal,  Its  urigui 


Jl. 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  AmcrUa.     1859 

below  set'ourl  ami  thint  rlornal  8pin«<s,  niys  nil  small;  vonlrnl  iimler  jici'- 
toral,  ri^iioliin;^  vent,  iiboiit  2  in  hciid,  \\%  %\>hw  etjiial  tu  niaxillit.  Yont 
inider  ninth  spine  "I"  iliirs.il.  Color  (of  iilcxiholir  spociiuL'ii )  Hglit  orau;;e; 
cuudnl  vvitli  a  few  siuiill  (hwlty  blotches;  the  titluT  Hub  piilc.  Ni)t  su  ileep- 
bii<lii:il  :u)  I'ontinii*  kiiltUi,  tint  its  ijill  rakers,  dorsal  I'm,  anil  thf  ridges  of 
Lead  :md of  the  scales  are  siiiiilnr.  T.etigtb  5  inibes.  liiilf  of  Mexico,  off 
(Kiast  of  weHtcrn  Klorida,  in  niodt^ratuly  deoji  wat«sr.  (fioodo  &  lienn.) 
(loniii»pini»;  lom/Ht,  lou;;;  tpinii,  Hpinis.) 

I'ontiniis  Umi/itpinit,  CiooiiK  ic  BSAX,  (>C4<«iJii  Irlithyology.  258.  flg.  246,  18M,  Oulf  of 
Mexico,  at  Albatross  Station  2407,  iB"  36' N,,  85°  33'  30"  W.,  in  iti  fathoms.  i(Ty|ie, 
K.i.  81>323.) 


SSoS.  I><)\TI.MN  SIKKRA   iGillwrt). 

He«d  21;  depth  S.  1).  XII,  1»;  A.  III. 5;  IM«;  Internl  line  2u  (tubes), 
body  of  luodiTnto  dt-pth ;  the  Hiujut sharp ;  caudal  pediinclo  Hli-udiT,  wedgu- 
Bhupod,  least  depth  less  than  {  head.  Eyu  hirgu,  I'Kniaiiug  siiuul,  J  in  lioail. 
Month  large,  the  lower  jaw  wholly  iurludud,  thi-  dontigemus  portion  of 
pFemaxillai'ica  nhutting  outside  of  lunudilde,  with  a  ilccp  notch  uotci'iorly, 
■which  receives  tip  of  uiaudi  I  lie,  A  Htroiig  Rvnipbyneal  knob.  Maxillary 
in  jiilultM,  about  reni'liiiijj;  vertical  from  pnsterior  border  uf  orliit,  mnirly 
A  length  of  head.  Tueth  iii  broad  bands  on  jaws,  vomer,  .lud  paJatineH. 
liileriirbital  space  n.irrow,  cnncavu.  with  a  pair  iif  low  rid),'eHiunchiUverg- 
iiig  behind,  it**  width  2^  in  orbit.  Head  very  rongh.  the  spines  corn- 
prcs.Hed,  knifc-liki',  disposed  in  6  weil-ddincd  80rii<«,  the  upper  cotitainiug 
the  nasal,  the  coiispieuousl.v  projecting  prcocnlar,  the  «ti]iraocular,  post- 
ocuhir,  tympanic,  occipital,  and  nmliol  spines;  parocciptal  ridjie  contain- 
ing a  single  spino  iniincdiutcly  behind  orbit,  and  I  at  it»  poNterior 
extremity;  thi-  briilge  across  cheek  very  strung,  ita  ridgo  coutiuued  for- 
waril  onto  pienrbital  bnnc  jtnd  containing  4  very  strong  spines;  margin  of 
preiirbital  with  2  diverging  spines;  njipor  Hpino  of  prcopen-le  very 
strong,  iu  line  wiLli  siibiubital  rtdge,  with  a  smaller  spine  at  base;  3 
other  preupercnlar  sjitnes  liebiw  this,  directed  downward  and  bai^kwnrd, 
the  lower  nearly  olisolcti'  in  adults.  No  pit  on  occiput  or  below  frnitt  of 
eye.  Gill  rakers  Nboi  t  and  broad,  about  as  high  as  wide,  the  longest  almut 
i  diameter  of  pupil,  7  in  ninnbrr  on  anterior  liiub  of  arch.  Dorsal  spines 
weak,  very  low.  the  bmgist  cijnaliiig  diameter  of  orbit,  the  eleventh  i 
this  length;  soft  dorsal  short  and  high,  its  longest  ray  2 j  in  head;  cau- 
dal tnincato,  its  length  ei|ualing  length  nf  snout  and  eye;  ana)  spines 
not  very  strong,  the  second  sliglitly  longer  und  stronger  than  the  third, 
its  length  equaling  length  of  stmut,  H  i»  soft  rays;  ventrals  nut  rcarh- 
ingvent;  lyectnral."  with  niirrow  uonprueiunbeut  base,  tUeir  width  about 
e(|natiug  eye,  the  rays  all  simt>le.  Scales  large,  tliin.  everywhere  ctenoid, 
covering  breast,  checks,  npereles,  top  of  head,  .ind  a  part  of  suoiit;  want- 
ing on  niaxinaries  and  mandibles;  head  with  simple  slender  lilanients, 
nsnally  1  to  each  siniie;  each  scale  of  sides  with  a  fringe  of  minute  iihv^ 
niontii  around  edge.  Color,  light  red,  with  irregnhir  dark  gTe<iiiiHh  oUta; 
m.arkings  on  upper  b.-ilf  of  sides;  a  blotch  of  same  color  below  eye,  1 
Above  opercular  aiiine,  and   a  few  rounded   spots  on  soft  doi-sal,  nioro 


^ 


1860         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


nnmerons  on  caudal ;  lower  buIo  of  heuil  white;  buccal  and  gill  cavitiM 
and  pftritoninnm  bright  whitv.  Lon^rth  10  inchoa.  Onlf  of  California^ 
in  moderately  deep  wat<<r.    (Gilbert.)    {tierra,  a  saw,  in  Spanish.) 

Seorpana  tierra,  GOBxar,  I'roo.  IT.  S.  Kat  Mas.  1890, 82,  Oulf  of  Cclifornia  at  Aibatroaa 
Stations  agge  and  3011,  in  iia  and  71  fathoms,  N.  lat,  24°  30"  13",  W.  long,  ixo^  a9', 
and  N.  lat.  aS"  7'.  W.  long,  iiio  39'  45". 

695.  SETARCHES,  .Tohiiimn. 

Setarchet,  Johnson,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Load.  1862, 177  {guntheri). 

BathysebaiUt,  Sthnuachnkr  &  DOdbrueik,  Densohr.  Akad.  'Wis*.  Wlen  1884,  207 
{tUbeteent). 

Head  and  body  compresned ;  bead  Hcaleless  above,  its  bones  cavemoog, 
flat  between  the  eyes;  only  1  pair  of  spines  at  occipnt;  no  transverse 
groove  at  occipnt,  only  smiill  Bpine.s  or  none  above  orbit;  operolo  and  pre- 
operole  strongly  armi^d  with  straight,  long  spines.  Eye  moderate,  near, 
bat  not  tonching,  profile.  Mouth  terminal,  broad,  somewhat  obliqao| 
maxillary  extending  to  posterior  edge  of  eye,  much  expanded  behind. 
Lower  jaw  somewhat  projecting,  the  small  symphyseal  knob  received  in 
rostral  notch.  Villifonu  toeth  on  jaws,  vomer,  and  palatines.  Preorbital 
with  2  or  3  spineH.  Operrlo  scaly.  Scales  cycloid,  moderate.  Lateral 
line  a  broail,  Hoaleless  groove  with  skinny  (abont27  to  SO)  tubes.  No  laci- 
nisa.  Dorsal  deeply  notched,  with  12  spines,  its  origin  in  fi'ont  of  pec- 
toral; soft  dorsal  shorter,  the  rays  fewer  than  the  spines.  Anal  inserted 
under  end  of  dorsal,  its  spines  strong,  graduated.  Pectoral  broad  and 
bony,  with  20  or  more  rays,  of  which  a  considerable  number  of  median 
ones  are  branched.  Uranchiostegals  6  or  7.  Pyloric  appendages  few. 
Deep  water,     (Goode  &  Bean.)     (Etymology  not  obvions.) 

2854.  KKTABniEK  l>AB)l.lTrN,  Go<Kle. 

Head  2i;  depth  about  2*.  D.  XII,  10;  A.  Ill,  5  or  G;  about  30  tubes  in 
lateral  line.  Body  short,  somewhat  conipresscd ;  hc^ad  somewhat  com- 
pressed. Interorbital  area  equal  to  eye.  Eye  somewhat  below  profile. 
Ridges  on  top  of  head  low  and  inconspicuoUN ;  2  extending  to  occiput, 
terminating  in  low  (lat  Hpines ;  2  Hhort  ones  over  posterior  margin  of  orbit, 
ending  in  spines.  Snout  as  long  as  orbit.  Mouth  wide,  somewhat  obliqne, 
maxillary  reaching  nearly  to  posterior  margin  of  orbit,  it»  extremity 
expanded.  Lower  jaw  Hcarcoly  projecting,  without  prominent  knob  at 
symphysis.  Sides  of  he.ad  lightly  armed;  4  lilcuder  elongate  spines  on 
preopcrcle;  spines  on  oporcio  Hmall  and  inconspicuous;  2  slender  spines 
on  preorbital,  the  anterior  one  touching  opening  of  month;  edge  of  snh- 
orbital  bromlly  scalloped  with  2  jioints  projecting  downward  opposite 
anterior  and  posterior  margin  of  orbit.  Dorsal  insertion  in  advance  of 
the  i)ectoral,  first  spine  more  than  i  second.  e((Ual  to  ninth;  second  equal 
to  seventh;  third  and  fourth  equal,  a  little  longer  than  maxillary,  the  fin 
deeply  notched;  anal  inserteil  nndi'r  posterior  ](art  of  soft  dorsal,  last 
spine  and  longest  ray  equal,  as  long  as  soft  dorsal ;  ventral  base  under 


fl«oond  (lorMtl  Npine;  tip  not  roatihiciK  vont;  pocinral  hmail  at  l>ase,  oltm* 
gate,  eoiue  nf  tin-  median  rays  tippurmtly  bruueLi-il,  tbo  tip  uxtcudini; 
beytinil  ort|L;in  ofanal.  Vent  elosn  t<iorigiii  of  anal.  Scales  munll,  cycloiil, 
I'Ui-h  with  Keverul  concriitxiu  fiirniwa;  HCiiles  mi  npiTilo,  predperde,  ami 
Hiiliopt^ixlo;  liea<l  otli(irwi)ie  xi-aloIrRFi.  Lateral  line  liroad,  HcaleleSH,  with 
akiiiiiy  tubt'iv,  piiictifsilly  parallel  witb  duraal  uutliuo.  (fitxvde  &  Bean.) 
Gulf  Streutii  oil"  coiisls  iif  Uliodf  laUiid  atidNnTtli  Caroliua  aud  oil'  westeru 
Florida ;  iilso  ujV  liiirbudoB  iu  93  tu  21.19  fatbotim.  (parmalun,  ahieldod,  from 
the  large  scales. ) 

Setarcheii  iiarmalii;  fSooDI.  Proo.  U.S.  Nat.  Mug.  1881),  180,  young  Sfipcinien.  from  Che 
"  Lopholatilua  grounds  "  in  the  Gulf  Stream  louth  of  Rhode  Island,  at  Fiih  Hawk 
Station  876.  lat.  39^  57'  N.,  long.  70°  56'  W.,  in  1*0  fathoms  (Type,  No.  28064): 
GoiiDS  A:  Uean,  Bull.  MiM.  Coinp.  Zool.,  x.  No.5,213,18W:  Jobi>a:<  &  Gil.bebt,  Syn- 
op«is,6Hl!.  1883^  UUNTHEIi,  CliaUengor  B«pOrt,  %&»,  IB  1887;  GOODB  &  BSAN,  Oceania 


lohthyologry,  304,  flg.34»,  18M. 


Family  CLXXVII.  ANOPLUPOiLATIDiE. 
(The  SKn^ri8HKS.) 


m 


This  fmnily  is  elosely  .-»]li<>d  to  tbo  Hij-agranitrtidir,  dtfToriii^  c^hiefly  in 
tbe  noruml  d(>ve>loimient  of  the  iioritritH,  wliiidi  un«  forincd  iis  iu  the  Scor- 
poniflft  and  as  jn  lislii«  yeni-rally.  The  two  known  genera  differ  widely 
from  each  other,     liotli  are  found  iu  tbe  Kurth  I'aciiii;. 

AKt  iPU>W>IUTINiE : 
a.  PorHal  flna  wlduly  aoparatcd ;  anal  flu  with  a  spinpo.  Akoplopoma,  006. 

oa.  Donut]  Uu  contluuuu«.  deeply  notoliod;  aual  without  di»tluut  splum, 


Eurupu,  007. 


6g6.  ANOPLOPOMA.  Ayres. 


Anaplofoma,  Atbcs,  Ptdc.  Cal.  Ac.  Nat.  8oi.  18S»,  27  (mnianj;ut-=/mirna). 
SwmbroeolUu,  Petbiu).  Berliner  Mnnatsber.  1872,  500  (Malmunnu:=  fimbria). 

Body  cdougiitt'.  little  roniprcjwed.  tapering  into  a  very  stcndcr  candul 
peduntlo;  bead  ratlior  lonf;,  the  auiuit  aoiiiowbat  taporing^  nioutb  tor- 
mina!, moderate,  the  lower  Jaw  iiu-liided;  maxillary  very  narrow,  Hltpping 
ahiio!<t  eiilircly  iiuder  tbo  preorbital;  t*eth  niodrrate,  cirdlt'orui,  tbueo  in 
tbe  lower  jaw  in  a  siiiglo  fierien  laterally,  ami  in  a  narrow  band  iu  front; 
upper  jaw,  vouicr,  aud  ])a]atiueH  oaeh  with  a  baml  of  similar  te^'tb;  btMid 
entirely  Hcaly;  no  aupraorbilal  lbt]>;  preopercle  unarmed,  its  tuembra- 
nacoous  edge  ('reuiila({<;  gill  uieudn-ati<!B  joined  tu  tlie  iHtbiiitia;  body 
entirely  covert-d  with  uiiutito  etenoid  Hcalca;  lateral  line  Ninglo;  dorsala 
shore,  well  depurated,  the  tirHt  of  Hleuder,  Doxiblc  spines;  Hucond  donal 
aborter,  aiuiilur  to  the  anal,  which  i«  preceded  by  'i  weak  spines;  ^'Oll- 
tralti  but  little  bekiud  pectorals;  caudal  Uu  forked;  peritoneum  bl»ck; 
pyloric  cii'ca  about  U,  long  mud  slender ;  gill  rakera  slender,  few,  not  vei; 
short;  nwtriU  iJtirin:i],  the  posterior  well  developed.  Two  spet-ies  kuowitl 
large  fishtta,  valued  as  food,     (_ayoiikof,  unarmed;  ni}fia,  operculum.) 


1862  Bulletin  /7,  United  States  National  Afuscum. 


9SM.  AITOPLOPOIU  FUBUA  (1>iUIm|. 


lUUlUiW:  (JOAI^rlsa;   S'KIL.) 


Heiwl  Si;  dapth  6.  I).  XXI-17;  A.  Ill,  IS;  lateral  lino  190;  eye  7  in 
htjail;  anoiitS;  fourth  dovsnl  spine  3^ ;  longest  dona  1  ray  ^ ;  loQjri-at  anal 
ray  34;  pectoral  l-j^,, ;  voDtralB'24;  upper  randal  lolie  lil\»-  Body  c-longat*, 
little  oompresBetl,  tapering  into  a  very  aloiider  Miibcylinilrical,  eandal  pe- 
duncle; lieiid  rattier  largi',  i-uiiic.  Month  tnriniiial,  iiitxlerate,  the  lower 
jaw  iriclii<li-d:  miixillary  iiiirrow,  rea<'hiii]r  to  l«elow  fh>ut  of  pupil;  t«etk 
cur<lit<iriii,  iu  tiiuderate  bauds  uu  jsiwo,  youier,  and  pulatiues;  iuterorbital 
over  twice  as  broad  as  lye,  Very  »lif;htlj- roiivex ;  gill  rakura  utoderate, 
slender,  l)-f-17;  heail  i-titirely  scaly;  tins  naked,  Dorftalsand  anal  hj;L;h- 
oHt  in  front;  origin  of  spinous  dorsal  bcliind  base  of  pectorals,  midway 
between  tip  of  snout  and  lirst  ray  of  second  dorsal,  the  fonrth  spine 
highest,  the  npiiies  gradually  decreaHiug  in  length  posteriorly ;  sort  dorsal 
separati'il  from  spinous  by  a  distance  equal  to  length  of  pectoral;  anal 
»i[iii];;r  to  ,Hoft  dorsal;  pectoral  sharply  nmnded  behind,  reaching  slightly 
past  ti|i  of  aual,  nut  hiilfway  to  vent;  veutrals  rather  short,  inserted 
slightly  behind  ItaHe  of  pectoral,  not  reaching  nearly  to  ti]>s  of  pectorals; 
euudal  forked.  Color  lilaty  black  or  gray  i-nli,  somewhat  rt'tienJated ;  whit4< 
below,  the  young  rathci'  pule;  adult  nearly  black;  rentrals  and  anal 
colorless, other  (ins  dnaky  ;  camial  edged  with  p.ile;  lining  of  opercle  black. 
Usual  length  18  inches,  but  HomctinieB  much  larger.  Here  d«scril>ed  from 
a  spociiiieii  II  tiicbes  in  length  from  Monterey.  Monterey  to  Unalaska; 
rather  eoininim,  cBptoially  northward.  A  very  singular  and  interestinR 
fish.  It  is  rarely  used  for  food  southward,  being  rather  dry  and  tastelees. 
About  the  Straits  of  Fuca  it  becomes  very  fat  and  is  highly  ttppreciat<Ml. 
{fimWia,  fringe.) 

aatltujititliHa,  Faixas,  Zoogr.  Roano-Asiat.,  lu,  300, 1811,  no  exact  locality glren:  protHtli)} 

Aleutian  Iilands. 
Anuploiwma  mrrlongvf,  Atkes,  Proo.  Col.  Ac.  Soi.  185B,  27,  San  Francisco  market. 
Scmnlirocottut  xnlmonnu,  I'ETEas.  llorlfD.  MuDntaber.  I8T2,  5«»,  Vancouver  laland. 
Anitploputna  fimbria,  Juudam  ii  GoBBBT,  Syuupala,  630,  1883. 

697.  ERILEPIS,  (lill. 


Erilfpin,  OttJ,  SciflDce,  Jan.  W.  IflM,  54  (tani/tn. 

MyrioitiiU,  Loc-kinotox,  Vtw.  V.  ,S.  Kut.  Mim.  1B8U,  2*%{zim\ftT);  name  preaompiiHl  liy 
Hijriolepu,  F.oeBT".'*,  1«<M,  a  gtuix*  of  to»»ll  Saliw. 

HiKly  oblong,  Boniewhat  i-ompreHsed,  Head  heavy.  Mouth  moderate, 
the  lower. jaw  slightly  )>rniect)ng;  Imth  jaws  with  biinds  of  slender,  sharp 
teeth,  the  fmnt  teeth  slightly  enlarged;  similar  t<'eth  on  vomer  au<l  pala- 
tines; procipcre^e  »'tit)re;  iii»  di'mial  llapw.  No8trilH2  on  eaeh  side.  Ojll 
raker«  uliort;  gill  iiieniliranrs  vi-ry  luirrowly  joined  to  the  isthinna. 
Scales  Mmall.  ctenoid,  everywhere^  covering  the  head  and  Ixwly  and  the 
soft  parts  of  most  of  the  fins.  Liiter:il  line  Kingle.  Dorsiil  fin  deoply 
emargiiiate,  the  Kpiiies  iilxint  15  in  number.  Anal  rather  »<hort,  wttbuut 
distinct  spines,     {.ipi,  an  intensive  particle;  Xtxii,  scale.) 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1803 


SSM.  KRILEFIS  SOMPER  (Lnrkington). 

Heiid  \  in  total  length  with  caudal;  deiitli  3|.  I).  XIV-I,  If.;  A.  II,  11; 
inteittl  line  130.  Hi-ttd  everywhi're  deiisi'ly  siiily.  the  <nil_v  iiuki'il  areiw  mi 
till!  bead  bciii^;  thelipa  und  th«^  t'uldsuf  tbe  j^itl  iiiiiiiiltraiic*H.  Scali-u  on  liixly 
l:irgrBt  prtsteriorly,  8in;dl  oti  beiul  aud  cli<;et.  Vertical  lintt,  eKco|it  tbn 
H|iiiiim»  ditiflal,  coverrd  m-iirly  t<>  the  liiis  of  thu  rays  with  ainall  scalca; 
oxtcniiil  siirlui'esi  of  ]iairi-d  CiDa  Hiiiiil.-irly  sciily;  tipiiiont)  dorHiil  with  a  fi-w 
scales.  IVctorals  liioiid,  latn:<<ol:iti',  not  rcaihiii;;  the  vrut;  fourth  doraal 
apine  liiiigi-«t,  the  of  lu^rH  diininieliin^  ri';»Tihirl_v  tn  thu  twelfth.  Eyes  lat- 
eral, .slLorter  thiin  Hiitmt;  interarhitiil  8])itce  bioad.  nlightly  convox ;  max- 
illary Tiparly  reaclitnR  t(i  hclnw  niiddlu  of  pupil;  tioth  slendiT.  nharp, 
le^'iirved,  in  several  rows  (in  front  of  jaws,  in  a  singlo  row  at  sides;  voiiior 
and  palatiut's  with  tei'tb;  ;^il)  rakers  short;  ^ill  nioniltraneH  united, 
attuehed  to  tsthnuis  except  iit  posterior  ui.'irgin  ;  iiiterorliital  slightly  i;ou- 
vox;  jieetoral  reacbiii";  to  below  base  of  eleventh  dorHul  Bjiini';  \ent.rals 
inaerted  a  little  bobiiid  prrtorala,  Ittar-h  above,  whitish  below,  with  4 
broad  black  bars  on  tbe  sides,  the  lirst  over  the  peutotiils,  the  seeund  ante- 
rior to  tbe  vuiit,  almost  eneircltug  thi:  Imdy,  the  thiril  near  flin  base  of  the 
anal,  and  the  I'nurth  «<neir<  tioj^  tbeetmdal  pediiuele;  a  l)taek  bar  at  biise  of 
caudal  and  2  aeross  the  lln;  other  tins  blotched  and  linnded  with  li;;ht 
■lid  dark;  ctenoid  tips  of  the  scales  wkit«>.  Length  u  foot.  Monterey 
Bay,  Calfornia;  1  specimen  known,  the  ubore  account  taken  frum  the 
type.     (^xo*a,  zone;  /wo,  I  Imar. ) 

Jfyriofapvf  tvn^t,  Lockixotos,  Proc.  TJ.  S,  Nat.  Mas.  18S0, 248,  Monterey  {Cull.  W.  N. 
Lookisgton)  j  Joboak  jt  Gilbkbt,  Synoptds,  6to,  1883. 

Family  t:i..V.\VI[L  [[EXAGRAMMIDi£. 


(The  Crekwun<;s.) 

Hmjy  (>loiiU)it4),  ooverecl  with  wtuatl  Bcalos,  which  are  ctenoid  or  cycloid; 
bead  conieal,  scaly,  the  eraniniii  without  spinous  ridges  above:  preoporcle 
UBunlty  more  or  less  armed,  somettiues  with  entire  odfies;  third  suborbital 
developed  as  a  bony  stay  articulating  with  the  preoperclo;  tiioiitli  larj;e, 
with  acute  teeth  iu  the  .jaws,  and  ii.Htuitly  on  vomer  or  palatines;  nu?itril 
single  on  each  .sidi\  tb<i  posterior  opening  reduced  to  a  uiinnti-  jiorc;  gills  4, 
a  long  .ilit  behind  the  fourth;  gill  itiembraues  separate  or  uuiti'd,  usually 
free  from  the  isthuiiis ;  branchioBtegals  t>  or  7 :  pseudobrancbia'  well  devel- 
oped. Dorsal  lin  eontiititoti.s  or  di  videil,  the  auterior  half  of  many  slender 
spines;  anal  tin  long,  with  or  without  s])iueH;  ventrals  I,  ty,  inserted  more 
or  less  behind  the  pectorals ;  pectorals  broad,  usually  with  ])rocurrent  base, 
the  lower  rays  Mini]))e,  taure  or  less  thickened;  laterul  lino  present,  some- 
times several  series  nf  pnfes  de>eloped;  vcrtebne  niimerons;  pyloric  cieca. 
L'arnivoroiia  lishes,  mostly  of  largo  si/.e,  living  iu  kelp  and  about  rocks  in 
the  Nortli  I'aci lie  ;  some  of  tbem  highly  valued  as  food,  (ienera  (i,  2  of  them 
found  only  in  , Japan.  The  1  subfamilica.  are  each  very  strongly  marked, 
and  each  might  without  violence  be  regarded  as  type  of  a  diatiuct  family. 
{TnijWia  Betcrolrpidina,  Gllntber,  Cat.,  ii,  »0  to  95.) 


1864  nulletin  47,  United  States  Natu>n4il  Museum. 


u.  Uorul  Ad*  oontigiioaa  or  ooaneoted. 

h.  Anal  fln  very  long,  it*  ibj*  20  or  monw 
t.  Anal  fln  wlUiout  •plnet. 

it.  Gill  luenibruiHs  broadljr  nnited ;  niontli  modemte,  the  Jaws  witk  an  ouUr 
■eriea  of  atronger  teeth,  bnt  no  caninei. 
t.  Lataral  lioea  *  1  or  mure  oo  each  aide. 

/.  Dorsal  flo  coniinuooa,  or  aUi^htly  otoarjjiaate. 

ff.  Donal  fin  with  the  spiBraaepainted  from  the  soft  ray*  by  a  devp 

notch.  HKXAQ&aiuioe.  OBB^ 

OPBiouoirrtHS : 

id.  Gill  inembranoanvleoDneeleil ;  mouth  largo,  tbojaws  anned  with  stzmii; 

<\ai!iiira ;  lateral  line  aiagle  on  each  aide  i  waica  cycloid ;   preoprtda 

armed.  l}PlUOMMf,  TMi 

ec.  Anal  tin  with  3  atoat  apinea. 

g.  Gill  meroliranea  scarcely  luiited;  spinous  iIutmI  greatly  «Ieval«d  in  ftont : 
•oalas  very  rough.  Zasioudis,  Ttt. 

OxrVKUOlM: 
j/f.  Oill  membntnce  broadly  united;  dorsal  spinea  low,  stUr;  bead  pointad. 

OXTUBIC^TQZ. 

698.  PLEUROGRAMMUS,  Oill. 
(Atka  KiaHKS.) 

Fieurofftammu*,  Gll,l^  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Soi.  Phila.  1861, 106  (mtmnptftyi^itu). 

'ITiifl  K''i'i»  ilifl'era  from  Hrxagrnmmoa  mainlj  in  the  character  of  the 
doronl  tiiut,  thi;  high  apiiii^s  being  coutiuuuus  with  thu  soft  ruys.  Scales 
clfuoid.  Latcrul  lines  5  oti  each  side.  Tho single  B|)oc'iee  known  is  highly 
valii«<l  a«  j»  fmid-liahj  its  Ui-bIi  boing  rich  aud  tt<nder.     {xXeCpof,  u.d«; 

yfjaft^ii),  line.) 

iiM.  Pr.KrROtiRAaaim  M0K0PTKRT«ir8(Palla«). 


IATKA  t'L&U.)  t 

Hood  4  in  length  of  body ;  depth  4 ;  D.  XXI,  25;  A.  24;  lateral  line  210, 
pores  143;  eye  n  ill  head;  luaxiliary  2^ ;  8iiout3i;  iuterorbital  3^;  liifrheat 
dorsal  xpiue  li  ;  highest  anul  ray  2i  ;  pectorals  1;^ ;  veiitrals  1} ;  caudal  lobe 
11;  gill  rtikera  6  +  22.  Hody  rather  sttnit,  little  coinprussod;  hes<l  tint 
Inr^e,  th«  pmlile  rather  Htocp;  mouth  moilor.ite,  below  the  axis;  maxillary 
uNtcndinp  to  Inelovs-  anterinr  edjfe  uf  jMipil ;  jaws  Huheqiial.the  teeth  cardi- 
fornj,  in  ratbor  broml  bauds  «H)  front  of  Jaws,  the  outer  seriea  aligbtly 
eulurg«d,  a  ninglo  raw  un  Hides;  teeth  on  vomer  and  a  few  asperiuie  ou 
p;«latinoM;  iiiterorliital  wide  and  evntily  Ciiuvex.  Seales  ainiill,  ctenoid; 
top  of  liead  t<i  just  in  front  of  nontriln  scaleil;  vheekn  and  opercles  with 
'BDont,  ureorljitiil,  Buborliital  stav,  maxillaries,  mandible,  and 


Jordan  and  Evtnnann. — Fishes  of  North  Amcrua.     1865 


pertonilH  ami  t-iinftiil,  fins  otlierwise  iiiiked.  Fivo  latenil  lines;  the  lii-st 
lolliiwiujf  tiie  curve  i>f  tlif  back,  riiimiiiK  from  iiiijie  to  ii(i|ior  wi]j;i>  of  cauilal 
flu,  joiuiiig  its  fellinv  of  tlie  ojniosity  sido  in  I'rout  <»f  dormvl  Imt  not  con- 
cuiitiuiieil  ri<riv;iiil,  ifH  (lif<iiiii<'o  bi-low  iloiHal  (iii  iuitcrioiiy  ei|iial  to  i  eye; 
the  HOi'iiiid  rinniiu^  Irom  iipiicr  part  of  ^iH  opening;  to  niiildlu  al' camljil 
Hu  ;  tlio  tliinl  riiiiiiiii{i;  IVoiii  ;t  [loiiit  uti  t>iik',  tin  level  with  lowi-v  w<l;;u  nf 
pectoral  uiid  botweeii  tips  of  pectoral  ami  ventral,  to  tlie  Ipo^iiuiiin^  of 
posteriur  fourtli  of  uiiAl  li>i«o;  tbu  fntirtb  fruni  gill  opening  riiiiiiiiig  juHt 
abovu  Ijiuie  of  veiitrulfi  to  it  hhort  ^liRtiiure  bf-yuinl  tht'irtipa;  tlu>  lifth 
niiniing  iibove  btuie  of  juiul  ti>  lower  pnrt  of  ciudal,  unt«riorJy  Tincliilatitig 
oa  bi'lly  aud  joitiiug  it»  fellow  of  the  uppoHito  Bide.  .jiiHt  behind  base  of 
veutrah,  mid  cutrtitiiiinf:;  forward  t<iiiiply  bi-twccii  vciitrnls  to  tbroivt. 
Origin  uf  spiunnH  durKjl  tibova  tip]ioi'  end  of  gill  slit  cotitiiuioiifi  with 
soft  durMul.  no  uutih  b«t\vei-ii  thfui ;  Jirst  tinal  ray  :t  littli?  tiourer  biiHO  of 
caiidMl  than  po«tcriur  urbit;il  rim,  cuti-rrniiiDiiK  vvitli  soft  diiiHal;  pectorals 
broad  and  wliort,  evenly  ronuded  biiliiiid.  rt-'iitliing  to  below  tht>  ba.so  of  tUo 
fuurteifntb  dursal  spine;  vcntral.t  innertoit  bidiind  p(<rtorMl»  a  diat,anco 
equal  ti)  length  of  wnoiit,  tbcdr  tip-*  renrhing  just  past  tip«  of  jiectorala,  or 
i  di.Ntaui-e  to  vent;  ciiudal  ftirkfd,  the  lobes  about  eipial.  (iround  <-idor 
ill  life,  id'  lualc  18  iurlies  loug.  jialu  dirty  yolloiviali ;  hesid  mettled  with 
darker;  anterior  part  oK  body  with  a  fivw  laige  tiluck  blot  t  lies;  side 
crossed  by  ">  bhu'k  eroso  Imra,  the  I'trst,  wlilrh  ia  narrower  dud  b'osdi.stiuct 
than  the  utbers,  extending  from  the  twelfth  mid  thirlci'ntb  dornal  spines 
downward  to  below  middle  of  pectoral  tin;  the  second,  J  inch  wide, 
extendi  I'runi  tho  ciglitecntli  to  twentieth  dornul  spincH  downward,  its 
lower  end  lying  under  the  peetoral,  its  potttcrior  edge  tinsb  with  the  tip 
of  that  (iu;  thi' third  lies  aliout  +  ineb  farther  back  mid  is  ubuiit  ^  iueh 
wide,  its  upper  part  iiidiHtinct  and  it  doas  nut  exteiul  fo  low  on  bolly  us 
tbeaecoud;  fonrth  b:ir  viTy  broad  (li  to  2  tm-hes),  l*r<iken  and  irregular 
at  top  but  bhu'keBt  iiud  widest  ut  tho  bottotn,  wbere  it  stretiliea  from  ilio 
sixth  to  the  Kixteeuth  una]  ray;  the  fifth  and  last  liar  (1^  iuebeH  wide) 
lio8  between  the  last  Tj  dorsal  and  the  lust  !>  anal  rays;  above,  this  bar 
exteada  uvui  tbecandat  pi'diincto  aud  bark  almost  to  the  cniidal  liii;  all 
these  blark  bars  an*  enutinued  upon  the  dorsal  liii.  tbe  fourth  aud  <ifth 
most  pbiiuly;  rest  of  dmsal  tin  pnb:  yellowish,  the  iiiargin  with  a  very 
narrow  black  border  throughcint  its  entire  length,  iliirkest  posteriorly; 
pectoral  reddish  at  baae  and  above,  black  belnw  and  nl  tip;  ventrals 
black,  reddish  at  base;  unul  black  tbroiiglioni;  C4indal  reddish;  lower 
parts  white.  Another  speciiuea  of  name  si/e  bad  the  fallowing  colors: 
Ciroiiud  color  pale  cbroute  yellow,  area  above  neoond  lateral  line  somewbiit 
dusky;  bright  chrome  yellow  below  second  lateral  lino;  vertical  bars  not 
so  dark  as  in  tlie  other  specinieu  iluseribed;  dorsal  (in  iiniftirni  light  orange, 
with  a  very  narrow  black  border  lieginiiing  on  the  membrane  between 
tbe  lifth  and  sixth  Hpiiiosand  lontiuuing  to  posterior  end  of  llii;  pectoral 
clouded  ornuge  or  amber  above,  black  below  tfiith  ray,  paler  at  base; 
axil  pale  yellow;  anal  black,  a  little  lemou  at  base  lu  front  and  between 
iittecntb  ami  oightecuth  raytt;  ventrals  black,  yellow  at  base;  caudal 
ligbt  orange;  brun«biostegal  membraueB  white  and  pale  leiiiou,  a  little 
aO30 40 


^1 

1 


1806         Bulletin  4.7,  United  States  National  Afuscum. 


dusky  oil  outer  pnrta.  BeftiiieA  the»e  2  pattorna  of  oolnration.  of  which 
tbe  first  is  the  more  cuiuiiinii,  xome  irtdividnnls  are  dirty  gray  with  the 
bars  not  well  ilefituMl.  North  I'aeitic;  almudant  about  certain  of  tbe 
Aleiitinn  IhIuckIm,  particulurly  Atka  and  Attn,  rather  rare  at  l'nala«ka  <«&<! 
iiboiit  tbo  Pribilot"  IsliindH,  Imt  •.'rratir  in  itw  iiiovementa,  rancing  east  to 
Bclkofeki ;  found  in  tlif  kel]j  in  8  to  40  t'atbonia  in  spring  and  early  isnninicr, 
wlicn  it  can  lie  readily  cuiight  by  jigging.  It  rcachen  a  length  of  18  inohea 
or  luoro  And  u  weight  of  3  tu  1  pounds.  A  most  beautiful  fiab  of  esL>eIleat 
food  <|uulitius,  e8])eci)v11y  uxeellont  when  salted;  deatinetl  to  become  of 
commercial  iinportnnee,  Here  described  from  numerous  speciniena  tuken 
at  Attn  Island.  May  28,  1S"J2  (Coll.  Evormiluu^  (|(uvu?,  oue;  ttTtf/i/yior, 
An.) 
iMbrax  MonoptfryffiuJi,  TjkUJUi,  H6ni.  Aoiu].   Sol.    Potentb.,  u.  :t»],  |iL  Z3.  tig.  1,  1810, 

Unalaska;  I'.u.i^s,  Ztxipr.  IioH8o-ABiat.,iu,  281, 1811. 
Okirut  monoptrr]iijiut,  OPntbkh,  Cal.,  ii,  02, 1860, 

tSexa*jraminM»  mnnoptrryjiyt*.  JdKUaN  tk  4>luiEKi.  .S}' nop«^,  &42,  1SS3. 
l'l€uro<jTamtitu4  uwttopttrygiut,  TUitNKU,  Contr.  Kat.  Ilinl.  Aljiaka,  11.90, 1)186. 

699.  HEXAGRAMMOS  (St«l)er}Tilesias. 
(Hock  Thoot;  Gkekkum(;.s. ) 


Dodeotfframmai,  Stbllkk,  in  KrasheaiDiilkur,  Reliw  in  Enmabstka,  lib,  ITM  inanbiBt*' 

mial). 
Htxngratnmot,  Steller  MS. 

Uexayrammoi,  TiLBtilUK,  Act.  Arwl.  Fctrop.,  U,  335,  IflOfi  (aiper). 
Labrax  (Stellbr  MS.)  Pau^s,  JTr^Tii.  .Vmil.  I>terHb.,  11,  3«2,  I«IO  {lagotftihaltu) . 
f<eln'u«  (9TKIXER  MS.)  I*AI.LAS.  iCuDgniphIn  lUiMoAHlut,  ni,  37f),  1811  {.ntptrrUunnti. 
flhinu  <STCrXKB  MS.)  PAU.AI4.  ZdomTupiiio  KoKim-Aiiiat.,  HI,  278,  1811  (tujiercHi<i*u4). 
Chirm,  Cl'VIKU,  Regno  Aiiim.,  Kit.  n,  vol.  2, 249, 182U  (ntpeicilioinu) . 
Chiropnt,  GiBAJiD,  U.S.Pac.B.H.  Surv.,x,  Flsbca,  V1.\K*  {eontleUat>u). 
Ottogrammut,  Blekkek,  Vorgi.  Ak.  Anint.,  vi,  1370,1874  {oetoyramiHvii) . 
anmmaUtpUuru*.  (ilLU  Proc  Ac.  Knt.  .Sci.  Pbil.  18R1,  166  (tajiwe^iAnlut). 
AcanthoUbiui,  Gill,  Proc.  Ac  Xnl  SH.  PLIl.  IWI.  106  (»ct>u/otui;  ti]H'diiii'>i  with  tlti>  Mfi 

ilomal  buurixl,  thi-  iinnibi-rof  Hiune.t  Jipi>ureatly  iiicrcawHl). 

Body  oblong,  Huniewbiit  compressed.  Head  siibi-unjcnl,  blunt  in  profile. 
Mouth  nither  Kmnll,  liori/ontal;  jaws  with  bandri  of  moderate  riized,  coni- 
cal tei5th,  tbe  outer  low  eularged;  teeth  uu  \  ouier,  and  usually  but  not 
always,  a  small  patch  on  the  jialatitieSj  prcupenle  unarmed;  a  fringed 
Hiipruorbital  cirrus,  large  or  small;  gill  nietubranes  broadly  connected, 
free  from  tbe  inthiuuB;  gill  raker*  short,  tuliLTi'le-like.  Scales  small, 
luostty  ctenoid,  souietiuies  psirtly  or  wholly  cycloid;  head  more  or  les* 
scaly,  without  spines;  noBtril  simple,  ronnd,  with  a  pore  behind  it. 
Lateral  lines  iisiially  5  on  eaib  side.  Dorsal  fin  long,  with  a  deep  emar- 
giiiation  betvvoeii  the  spiups  itiid  the  soft  rays;  dorsnl  spinet*  slender, 
19  t"  22  in  niiinber;  anal  fin  elongate,  with  a  single  rudimentary  spine; 
rays  of  pectorals  and  aual  ex«erted  and  iiliiinat  simple;  pectoral  rounded, 
with  bruad,  jiroctirrcnt  bane,  tin)  r.iys  thick;  vcntrulr.  well  ileveloped, 
placed  at  a  i-uusiderablu  distance,  behind  tbe  root  of  the  iteotorals' 
caudal  snbtriiucate.    BraDcbiostegals  6.    Pyloric  ctuca  noiueruus  (abottt 


Jordan  and  Evemiann. — Fishes  of  Norih  America.      1867 


13).  Ni)  !iir  Mnclder.  Species  of  rnthtT  l»r;»<i  size  tind  liright  coloTatinti ; 
abiiDdiiut  in  tlio  Nuilli  i';u',ilic  ou  liotli  slioreK,  extcudiii};  soiitbwaril  from 
Hering  Sea.    (?5i  si"!  ypctnnrj,  line.) 

a.  CheekH  and  opercleii  Ailly  iuvraletl  with  eyelaitl  si-alM,  Ineliidlng  kraa  overlying; 

auburbital  stay.    Twu  iiulra  of  vut«DM)ii«  (laps  uu  lioud. 

nECAMUAMUi'B,  32ri8. 

•a.  Cheeks  nut  full;  scaled,  at  Ivaat  tbo  utt*  uybt  Kulxirliltol  at*}'  uoksd.    No  dtp  on 
occlimt, 
b.  Fourth  liue  of  pon'H  forking  In  iidratice  of  baM  of  voutrala,  Ibo  lower  hroueh 
ninaiii^  !■■  bn-«  of  unul  Ihi.  ixTiKiUAMMrB.  2250. 

66.  Fourth  litii'  of  purrH  Hiiiiplo,  piuHing  eloac  Xo  TenCral  Hn, 

e.  C'lii-ekH  anil  operclm  largely  naked,  a  patch  of  iMaloA  on  npiHT  portluna 

of  check  and  oporcles,  nud  a  small  ]>ulcb  aometlmcx  pri<>pnt  i>n  nild- 

illo  of  cbrok.  BTEU.KUI,  2200. 

(W.  Cbeoka  nriil  oporcles  largely  <iroli<d,  Ibo  anl>ocnl4ir  ring,  thr  region  over 

lying  the  attlKirbtlol  stay,  mid  tliu  iiiten)|>orilouk>iio  uakcd. 

d.  Snpraorbttal  llup  loii);  ami  aU'iuliT,  ikuM-ly  rriu;,:e<j,  its  leufctb  about 

equal  to  the  vertirnl  diuiiictor  vf  orbit;  ncaleii  Inrgely  xniiiolb 

poHteriurly  in  thvailiilb.  goi'KRCii.iosi'g,  2201. 

dd.  StipraorbirulihtpDmal),  little  if  nt  all  loniiortlianiliaiiiotoruf  pupil. 

t.  Cnixlal  Tpry  broml,  Ow  iionlitrior  iimrt^iu  comei  ovou  In  tho 

cIomhI  tlu  \  HcalrN  siiiootli  lii  niliilt.        laikm'ispiiali'S.  2202. 

A0.  Caudal  narrnwfr  tbiin  in  //.  lagorrj}halus,  tlie  ftofltiiirior  vilgo 

emari;iDat<!  when  fin  i»  clogcd.    ^^.■ales  i-nialler  than  In 

any  other  HiHvb-a,  (bene  on  Kbl«»  of  litind  and  hreaat 

luiuulo,  nearly  nnifom,  lemi  than  4  'ho  «iro  of  tboao  OD 

•idMOfkody ;  U  or  12nnlo«  in  iin  oblii|U(' aericti  between 

oecond  and    third  liiie«;   srnli  n  on  niidvenlral  region 

kriMmt.  prvi>«<--larttl  area,  and  Mv»  of  heud,  huiooIL,  all 

•itbera  atriinKly  elviioid  thruuKbout  life;  lirst  Uterpl  line 

extt^itdiii^  beyond  nilddie  of  mH-ond  derBal;    fourth  lino 

abort,  nut  riuvbiri);  lipa  of  vvntrula^   llllti  iJiiu  forking 

Iwbiud    Biiddln    of     leiitriili.     £ye    lnrgi\    <{    In    Ii«mo1, 

Suprnorhilal  leiitiulu  very  smnll.     .\iilerior  ttetb  in  jaws 

touch    enliirKed,   euniiielike.     I'alalineH  tootblens,    Fin 

m«mliruiteM  tliln.     Uitrmil  low,  Ichs  deeply  uutt'Uod  tlioli 

iiaunl.    Color  brown,  hlot<Hie<l  and  barri'd  wllli  diirlser, 

many  of  the  aoale«  porb  witli  a  ailvery  apol;  uo  nidiuling 

streuka  about  eye;  bbiik  bloteben  on  dursul  Uu  iiorru- 

•puuding  to  a  aimllar  niiuibur  on  bu:k  along  buae  of  dor- 

aal.    D.  XX,  23;  A.  21.    Sbio  small.    Known  only  fmiu 

Japan.  II.  utakii.' 


HM.  liKXAllU.iXlUS  ilKCiUlMMJIlIS  <rullaa|. 
(Rock  Tbodt:  ISoBKnAT^  Bodieuon.) 

Head  X{  ;  ileptb  4.     D.  XXI,  24 ;  A.  I,  23;  Hoaloa  112.     Rody  elevat«d  at 

the  shoulders,  de*iceridinj;  rnUiov  »te!«|»iy  at  tli«  ujiiie;  niaxiiliiry  not  roacli- 
iut;  tiiiddlo  of  eye;  a,  very  few  tctitli  oti  fioiit  of  paliitinos;  siipraoeular 
llap  .siiuiller  tliaii  in  other  specieH,  sliorti-r  tiiiiii  |)ii])il.  ( MioekM  aiul  opcri'lcs 
eiitii'uly  scaled;  Hcales  on  the  body  all  otruagly  i-teiiuid.  Snout,  j.-iwB,  pre- 
orbital,  int«ropercle,  and  adjacent  portion  of  preopercle  »<:^ale.lee■;  breast 


'  nexagrainmui  o(«ii'i,  Juuoa.n  4.  STiUUU,  Proo.  CoL  Ao.  Soi.  J»95.  HOO,  Yokohama. 
(ColL  Kcluoeuke  Olaki.) 


1S68  Bulletin  //,  United  States  National  Museum. 


unA  pre]>cctoriil  area  witli  cycloid  scales,  utuib  less  tban  j  the  aiaa  af 
tliosf  on  aiilCH^  scales  clHewli«ri'  ct<'noi(lj  10  or  11  scales  in  an  obllqiM 
series  betwi-en  liiU'iiil  liiit^  iind  the  one  aliovc  it;  ii])pomii>Bt  lat'Otal  line 
(brkiiiK  on  the  uape,  the  brniidira  running  to  opiioaitu  tlie  middle  oi'  Uia 
Bi'Cimil  diirual ;  Ihu  setouil  liiliTul  line  to  tippiir  edge  of  tail;  the' tliird  to 
uiidille  ul'tuil^  tlu!  iinliriiJU'liod  fDurtli  to  :i  little  beyond  the  miildlL-  of 
uiiiil;  tlio  tiflli  tv  |i»w«r  <jil;;n  ol'  tiiil;  the  fmirth  beginuiiig  HPur  the  loww 
tidgii  lit  tbc  [leftnrals  Jind  unilnlatiiiK  (ippoHite  the  ventrnls,  tlio  luweruiu*! 
on  each  nido  joiuiug  .iii(*t  in  front  of  the  veut,  and  procoiMlinK  uu  tlm 
ntrdiiiu  line  to  tlit)  niiddh*  of  the  brusiat.  I'eclonilB  :md  vontmlx  liirgv; 
t-iiinliil  ><li>ibtl,v  enKirKiuati^;  uienihraucH  of  Milt  dorHal  and  caudal  den8eljr 
Mciilud  tor  more  tliiiii  \  height  of  tin.  Two  paira  of  ciit»neonH  tinps  uii 
he;id,  thi'  nsiml  Nitpraoi-ulrir  pair,  losH  thun  \  diameter  of  pupil,  «ud  a 
nuivli  Hnialler  tiucipitiil  puir  vvhii-lt  ia  preeoiit  in  no  other  specii-s;  dorsal 
lii;;b,  deeply  noti'Iied;  laudftl  emarjjinati"  when  I'losed,  slightly  convex 
when  widely  spread.  Adults  l>rinhtly  eoloreil,  thi'  m.iles  witli  large  »kj- 
Idno  B|iiit3,  the  fMtiales  with  miniller  rod  or  orange  spots.  Voting  Houietimes 
pluiu  brown,  with  diirii  plain  [iunier:il  spot.  Males  clear  browiiiali  olive 
of  varying  shade,  lift  isn  tinged  witli  bhiish  ori'opjiery  and  vaguely  Motrhwl, 
often  with  ^uiall  blue  H[i(its;  head  !iud  :>Dtorior  (lart  of  body  with  rather 
large  Hky-bluc  «ipotj«,  each  sun'ounded  by  a  ruslj*  ring,  these  smaller  and 
more  uuineruus  on  the  top  of  the  head:  lips  with  bluish  spots:  upper  lina 
brown,  uiottb'd;  ventrals  and  iiiial  dimky  bluit>h:  peotorals  dark,  lioth 
ray.s  nud  uieinbtanes  crof.sod  by  shitrply  (Irliiicd  whitish  reticuljitionH,  mi 
that  tht)  lins  apjicar  to  be  profuHcly  Hpottrd  with  «  hile.  FomaloB  brownish, 
MOinewliat  linged  with  reddish,  elosely  covered  with  ronud  spots  of  a  red- 
&'\»\\  brown;  these  Hput«  itHuallv  quite  Hiuall  aud  uiiiJ'orin  over  the  whole 
baek  and  sidtH;  dorsal  tin  sputled  tin  the  scaly  part,  the  tins  utbenvisc 
jiliiin  reddie^h  or  bluish,  the  voutrals  usually  duBky ;  pectorals  light  oraugi-. 
without  mark  lugs,  (it  her  feni.'de8("w(<(f(f?oii<'iinfM(i")  have  the  ground  color 
aluty  blue,  with  ruw»  of  round  orange  spots  coiisiderubly  larger  than  usual, 
and  bi-eoming  verniicnliiliusiK  on  the  bejid ;  dorsal  tin  orange,  clouded  at 
b.is(>  with  blue;  soft  dorsal  edged  with  blniBh;  pectorals  plaiu  orange: 
belly  white.  These  inry  into  the  ordinary  tyjie.  Hoth  types  were  found  in 
abiinduDie  at  Sitka.  Length  18  inches.  North  raclQc;  ubnndoiit  frtim 
Point  Concepciou  lo  Kadiak  Island,.  A Ititikai  esjiecially  about  Sjin  Fran- 
cisco, a  conintcin  Ibod-rish  ;  tin'  sesea  very  unlike,  the  females  varying  much 
in  color;  the  nnilus  very  unilbrui.     (iStwcr,  ten;  ;'/Jirw/»;,  line. ) 

Labrax  ilttafframmtut,  I'aixas,  UC-oi.  Ac.  Petrrab.,  tl,  38C,  pi,  22,   By.  2,  fenwlcv  1810,  St, 

Ellaa  Bay  (Coll.  Joaejili  ISilliugii) ;  Pallas,  /oogr.  Kosgo-Asiat.,  in,  276,  IKll. 
ChirvB  guttatti*.  GiJiAiti>,  I'roc.  Ac.  Xnt.  .Sri,    I'hila.  1854.  \'i\i,  rr-niulu,  San  FraocisCQ. 

(Tyii««,  No«.  '.'ffit.  270.     Coll.  Dr.  Hi-oraianr,  atnl  Lieut.  Trowbridgo ;  No.  271,  Astoria, 

Oregon.    Coll. Lieut.  Truwbridgo). 
Onjtlf  liiitattu,  AYluca.  Pruc.  Cat.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.,  I.  1854,  8,  San  Francisco.    (Coll.  W.  u. 

Ayrea.) 
Cfiini'iii eoiuteUatut,  Girabu,  D.  S.  Pao.  R.  R.  .Surr., x,  Fish.,  43. 1868, malr,  San  Franciaco. 

(TyiJCR,  Nu». tta,  264. 20S,  V. 8-  Nst.  Mii«.    ColL  Dr.  Eenuedy,  Dr.  Hevnuaun.  and  Lleul 

TrowbriilEC.) 
Vhirut  viattihttriatyt,  Lockixuton,  Proo.  V.  S.  Kitt.  Mus.,  1880,  liS,  San  Franciaco, female 

wltJi  Urgv  uiMiUi.    <CuU.  Lockiugton.) 


Jordan  and  Evermann, — Fishes  of  North  America.      1SW> 


OKinpiii  ffMlatn;  Girard,  T.S.  P«c.  11.  R.Siirv..  x,  Fi»b..  «,HW. 

OkirvM  iMogrammtit,  (Jl'Mineu,  CRt.,  il,  VI,  \*^. 

Okina  eotultlUitwi,  G(':>'tiieii.  Cat.,  ii,  92,  IMO. 

ntxagrammuM  dKagrajmnut,  JonUAM  k  GILBEBT.  Synopiiin,  <U&,  1883. 

iihV.  DEXAIiRAMMOK  nCTOfiRAMXlS  (PalUii). 

I>.  XIX,  23;  A.  21;  1'.  I'J.  Hody  laxu'<'<ilate;  heai\  coiiii'.  coinprwsfid ; 
Hniiiitnlitiisc,  tli«  upper  jaw  thu  lunger;  uyejilurgr;  friU  iiieiiiliraiif  iiati'Lecl ; 
the  vertex  Jiiid  ofien-les  liuely  sraly;  8Ciil««  on  lio<!y  iiioiitTiitJ',  very  ruujicb 
lis  in  fliitiriraiHDioK  »lellrri.  Hoi-sal  snlifiontiiHidiis.  I.iiterttl  lini's  ■!,  the 
flrat  mid  seconil  iilong  the  bafk  i)arrvllel  wtlb  Uie  iiuMlijin  lalt'rnl  lino 
frmn  liea<l ;  tlie  lirst  rhnin-likc;  tlin  Kerotul  rtitiKpiciioUN,  <lisii|i|it'iir)ii); 
TlCJir  I'Dil  of  Hoft  tlofBitl ;  t lie  thin!  frntii  ■jill  ojioiiinjj  eniliiig  oppnsTtf  the 
middle  of'fiiiidul  fin;  IUl*  other  from  throat  to  rniirfal  jnininj;  itw  fellow  of 
the  oiiposite  nidf  and  riiiioiii^  atrnjtle  f'orwnrd  to  thmut.  Itody  yollow- 
it«h  below,  al>ovn  imiX  on  ilorsiil  with  ninny  diirk  HpotH;  liiicU  Hiiholivii- 
reoiis;  first  diirsul  ri-dilish,  seconil  with  diirk  Npots;  p<'rtoriil  traiiHlncent; 
ventnils  tipped  with  binck.  Found  itroimd  Kanii^hntkit  in  the  Bny  of 
.\vii.t(  ha,  1111*1  tho  part  of  St.  Peter  and  raiil,  and  not  les.s  aluindttnt 
arnnnd  the  Aleutian  Isliinds;  railed  Tirimijh  dilo>  on  arouimt  "f  the 
ronghneas  of  its  gcilem  culled  in  Alentiiin  Idijajnk.  r'nllected  by  I>.  Mnrk. 
(Pallas.)  Dr.  (iilliprt  has  th«f  following  notes  on  this  species:  "  This 
Bpeciee  is  closely  related  to  H.  itlello-i,  ditieriii)!;  i-onspicnonsly  in  ahape, 
eulor,  and  (in  forjuiilii'.  ii.  «<«/feri  is  very  slender  iii  »hap«,  taperiug  rap- 
idly from  hi'low  front  of  xpiDOiia  donsiil  bnrkward  to  the  very  slender 
c;iiidal  pediinrle.  In  If.  orlngravimun  the  flojith  is  greater  and  diiuiniahes 
very  slowly  liackwiird,  the  body  tapering  grmltially  into  n  high  roni- 
pressed  raiidul  pediiiii'le.  The  vertical  hi'ij{hl«>r  the  latt^jr  ei|tialM  dis- 
tance from  tho  tip  of  snout  to  the  middle  or  beyond  middle  of  eye  iu  if. 
)nl jyytinttMim,  while  the  Hiiini>  meaHnrnmeiit  it  less  tiKtii  Icrgth  of  Mtioiit  in 
//.  xlellfii.  In  II.  orlotfiammii*  tlio  snout  is  Rbort«r  and  more  hliintly 
ronnded,  the  eye  in  Biiiallcr,  tho  month  smaller,  and  the  ebei-k  shorter  and 
wider.  The  sijuamatiou  is  al.^o  mure  complete,  the  eheek  beiuj;  eutirely 
invested,  except  for  the  area  immediately  overlying  tlie  Hiiliurbitnl  stay, 
(tiilbert. )  The  following  notes  are  tukou  from  spei-imeno  reeently  ool- 
lect«d:  Fourth  line  of  pores  forking  in  advance  of  base  of  veiitrals,  the 
lower  branch  riiivuing  to  lia.<*o  of  anal  fln,  where  it  ends,  the  upper  brunch 
nsnally  short,  einling  ojiponiti'  middle  of  ventrals,  rarely  longer.  .'*Bcoud 
line  reaehiug  middh-  of  ser-oiid  dorsal.  Scales  very  roughly  eteuoid, 
except  on  hieiist,  prepeetoriil  region,  and  Hides  nf  liend;  7  or  8  Kcales  in 
on  oblir|iie  series  between  riiedinn  lateral  lineand  tho  one  above  it.  Lower 
line  forked  in  front  of  niiddle  of  ventral  tin.  Cnmln]  densely  covered  with 
comparatively  liirge  scales  to  behind  middle  of  tin,  the  .irales  in  itingle 
series  excc|>t  on  iniddlr  rays^  Supraorbital  (lap  largo,  eonrveiy  fringed, 
equaling  or  eNeeediiig  vertical  diameter  of  eye.  Eye  very  small,  r>i  iu 
head  iu  ailnlts.  I'aiiiliil  peilinii-le  deep,  its  depth  greater  than  length  of 
snout:  theeandal  liii  very  broad,  rounded  behind,  oven  when  the  fin  is 
closed.    Dorsals  deeply  notched.    Adults  usually  deep  brown,  with  blaok- 


1870  DuUelitt47>  UniUd  StaUi  Nationai  Museum. 


\A\  mottlinex  ami  mnr«<  or  Ipm  distinct  tnires  of  radiating'  ntmnlri  •raaaA 
the  pye,  and  u  round,  iliiaky,  liuuieral  spot.  Yonnger  individoala  ani 
oft«n  lighter,  reMembliug  //.  tklleri,  witli  wnoll  silvery  Kpota  on  sidr*,  aoil 
re^ldisb  ftnu.  ot"t<-ii  shovviug  very  consjiiciionBlr  the  7  V.sbaped  «>r  qu*d- 
r:tt«  Mackixli  blulches  at  baae  of  dorsal  fin,  nnd  .1  black  radii  divergiug 
fruDi  (tye.  TUc  sinitl  tin  is  uMnally  black  in  adiiltM,  but  often  mbitwa  obli<|U» 
<'roi»H  ViamlH  in  the  y.onng.  This  species  ao  now  understood  is  fonod  among 
the  Aleiitinii  iHliiiidfi  iiiul  westwanl  to  Kiinicbatka.  It  is  abundant  abuot 
Unalniika  luitl  whh  oKtaiueil  by  Dr.  Stejneger  at  Petropaiilski.  The  cfNB- 
]iHin<-flt  aliortj  fi>rui  '  of  the  genus  in  Bering  Sea.  .Specini«iifl  wer«  takra 
.•it  I'liitliiakii,  I'ftropatilaki,  liobben  lAlaud,  and  Iturup  lalsod.  (oxrv. 
eight;  ypa;//^?>,  Hue. ) 

paulaki  unil  Avatcha  Bay.     (Coll.  Merk.) 
Vkintt  «rdinalUM.\  Uol'K,  Pru«.  Amer.  PIiIIm  Snr.  IHiiU.  1873,  28,  Uaalaakm. 

Geo.  DaTidaon). 
OrtAffiwamiM  pailtui,  BunricR,  VorBt.  Ak.  Amit.,  vi,  137U:  after  PAUua. 
CKinuoelogrammut.  Gl'MTnui.  Cat.,  II.  02.  18M. 
n*xagra\nmiii  ordinatui,  JoBUAN  It  GiLBiBT,  Synoiwia,  M2,  U88. 


ni,  283,   IRtI,   Kamchatka.  Prtro- 
(ColLPmr. 


I 
I 


*  Tliln  Hp«c'l<>q liaa  Ih><'I) iMirnmtljr known  ik  H.  nrdinatiu.  We ina1c«'  ili«  idciitifi^atian vlik 
oelnfirammui  for  lli«  ri>llnwiiig  reaMinx:  (a)  It  ocrum  abanitiiDtly  at  the  typt'  loc^ty  iW- 
oetuijtamtnv.  and  ou  rlcNu-ly  r«ii(>iiilj|«M  11.  tuyer  an  in  often  ri'i|iiir>>  clofr  arntiar  to  «4|a 
rata  tli«  \wn  H(w<?ie>4.  A<-oonllng  t^i  VnWvM,  octoijrnmnntM  niiil  a*per  urn  not  oawidan^ 
(liNtiuct  liy  tliD  uallvno.  ami  win:  i-vvn  immi  rnuiiid'il  by  SIrlIrr  (&)  "rtoprmnmua  is  mM 
l<i  h<^  ubuiidunt  tlirnughuiit  llin  Kitincliatkiiii  reei<'n  anil  tin-  AliMitiaii  Jmlaiulii.  Yrt  if  mai 
rirrftno'i/' it  ii  not  tn  be  iili'DtilitMl  wilh  any  ku<>wn  »p<M  i4-»,  anil  miiAt  hare  c«rsii>nl  ilir 
inilti*!  of  all  rccpBt  c«lloi'(ur».  (ci  netuijriiinmvt  Ih  iliMirrilMsl  a«  liavlng  ly  il..r^  il  -j.n.r-. 
ami  'J-4  aDJil  ra3'(*-     TIiIm  Im  tlio  iiMunl   I'limuila  fur  ortHnatun,  wliiU-  ni>  .  ..  |« 

kiiiiwii  to  liiivu  aji  few  ha  19  H]tiii(*H.     Tlin  only  important  « IiMnrut  Id  tl  >  ,,;.  r*\ 

oclnffTaiiimu*  wliicli  fiilU  t«  apply  lo  orrfin<i<i«  i^  llic  iMinanintinn  cf  |i  .'  u 

f/riiininu*  i»  fiaiil  to  liavr  tlio  siiltornlnr  liinirlln  Tiiinnl^rly 
exc-rpt /f.  r/Mric/romwiH*  tUcaiiborljital  rlup,  a- wtll  ok  1I11"   - 

Till'  prvHt'nl  xiimifH  hIiowd  nume  variiilion  in  tliu  ^'■iiiiinmtiiii 

portioii  of  aiilioiwrrle  in  iiMitalh  iiiilicil  In  onr  HjitK'JnK'iia,  linl  ly  In  M'uh-  <,r  iluui  rj m 
nlel  I'ly  m-itli-il.  Tbcnt  may  li«  ex«-iiptiunally  a  low  waloa  un  adjaO'Dt  edgo  u(  inl  vrvpcn-lr 
\Vp  upiwml  (ill  coiiDla  iti  14  HpociiuujiJt: 


o. 

A. 

t. 

Lorality. 

XIX.  22 

23 

IS 

Sbana  liay,  Itump  laiaud. 

X I X,  23 

24 

IB 

Ho. 

X  I X,  23 

24 

ID 

Do. 

XIX. 23 

24 

1(1 

Do. 

XIX.  23 

24 

21) 

Il«. 

XIX,  23 

25 

ll> 

III.. 

XX.  22 

24 

IS 

Ho. 

XX. 23 

24 

IS 

l>i. 

XIX.  23 

24 

18 

PelriiiianUki. 

XlX,2i 

24 

IS 

D«. 

XIX.  24 

24 

18 

I>a. 

XIX,  24 

29 

la 

Do. 

XX,  23 

2:1 

IH 

Do. 

XX, 23 

2;i 

2(t 

Do. 

I  Tlio  foVlowine  It  t1>e  snbatiuice  af  Cope's  ilosnriptlon  of  O.  orMnatut:       

lIoniM^:  i|P|it1i4:  eye  5  in  lii'iwl.  1||  in  naoiit,  1^  in  intf<rorliital  spacx;  S,  XIX.  M:  A 
2«.  C.  17;  1'.  IK:  KCiiliif  1t-l»4  34;  IjriinoliitiKtcjralx  0.  Dor.^al  liim  not  very  elevatMl,'(»a- 
thinaiiH.  hut  nrll  nt>t<-liiMl  tit  point  of  union  of  tliti  two:  a  ileiitjitr  liap  above  aacll  «Tai 
lateral  linoi  of  poraii  5,  only  3  of  whicli  cvtrml  l«  tlio  boaia  of  the  oandal  On,  rla  the 


Jordan  and  Evcrniann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1871 


am.  HKXAr.RAmilOK  STELLKBI,  TiliMitu. 

(Okebnuni].) 

ncad  Si;  depth  1^.  1).  XXIII  (XXII  to  XXV),  19  to  21;  A.  23  or  24; 
Bcalos  110.  Form  riitber  slcmJer.  Muxillftry  reaihinjj  puHt  fnmt  "f  pye, 
ubotit  to  |Mipil.  Xo  tei'tl)  on  jiiilntini'S.  Si'nles  all  Htroiigly  <-t'pn(ii<l,  i^xcept 
on  siilcH  rit'  boacl ;  cliieks  anil  uprrcles  Inif-i-ly  naki'<l,  n  ]Kitrh  cif  sralt'S  on 
iippi!r  ]H»rliiiu8  of  clipek  iiiul  opon'les,  iuiil  ii  siuall  jiatch  HoiuctiiimH  prfs- 
<-nt  iin  iiiiilillo  of  (^Iwok.  ]''irKt  and  foiirlli  lutural  liiica  very  .-thurt,  v:iri:t- 
lilu,  tliH  l'«i-8t  rari^ly  ••xteiiding  l>ey«>n«l  nii<lill«  of  HpinoiiK  dorsitl,  the  foiiiib 
to  iiitdillc  nf  veiitrals,  rarely  beyond;  lower  llii«  Corked  in  front  of  mid- 
dle of  veiitriilM.  Caudal  liu  u:irrow,  eiiiari;inat«  when  I'loaed,  k>#ii  d(Miri(<ly 
at-alod  than  in  otlit^r  sppi'le»,  the  scdles  largn,  in  Minfjlo  iwrieB;  coniiunnly  !) 
aculc^  in  ^ac  ulili<lii<- Aerips  betwui'ii  median  Itnu  ;ind  ibd  one  above  it;  nculcs 
on  siib'B  (iT  lirad.  Iiri>!i8t,  rmd  jircpertoi'al  arcii  Hdiootli,  tvlsr-wherp  Rtroiiply 
I'lenoid.  horsul  Huh  1<-h»  deeidy  ii(di-1it.'d ;  t-andiil  peduncle  nurroxv,  T.he 
drpth  b'«H  than  b'ujjtb  of  Hnont.  Supniocidar  flup  HuuiU,  shorter  than 
diiinitit't^r  of  pupil.  Color  in  varying  bliados  of  n^'ay  and  browu  or  li;;bt 
reddish,  blotched,  uiarUlud,  or  barred  with  dusky,  ami  iisii.illy  with  ninripr- 
ona  round  silvery  »pot»  nearly  a.-*  ljirf;ii  as  pnjiil.  In  brightly  iiiurkeil  M|)cci- 
innuH  theru  in  a  svrieH  of  i{ii:idrat«  dusky  blot<'hua  alou^  biiN<<  of  doroal  ftn, 
coutiniipd  on  liii.sc  of  Iin,  miii-li  as  in  //.  oiliii\yaii\mH».  Likr;  the  latltT,  MiiTo 
are  niditvtinij  d:irk  Htr<>ak»  annui'I  the  eye,  of  which  the  2  auti'rior  are 
fhi'  moid  iiiHiMpinioUM  ami  penuaiU'Ut;  no  humoral  spot.     North  I'acittc" 


Msconil,  tliini,  nnil  tifth;  tlif  llrxl  i'xIcikIr  to  «piio«ito  tln'  iiiiridli>uf  the  ««'C«pil  doriMiI,  flio 
I'iMirlli  (»>iiimi>i]i!CH  twiow  iiTul  in  tViiiit  of  tlu^  IiumIji  u\  I  tin  jiooUinil,  uihI  ext«nilH  tu  n  |K)int 
a  lltttp  iM-tiiiirl  Ihut  mmniirt^l  by  ilio  i^^tlrpiiilty  uf  tliut  Hrj :  x\v,y  lnfi*rinr  Herii'ii  nf  'D|)|M>Hite 
aiiU'»  I'onv  cr{;i>  unit  iiulti<  a  tttilu  licliind  tlir  liiixls  oT  llio  v«ii(iulii  into  a  «iuglt«  nicdiun 
litii*,  whii  li  »xl<-iidH  to  (liu  hntunlitoiitnetU  tuld.  Tlie  m alra  atv  tluiii^iitp,  and  nt-arly 
tniuoatt-  diKtally:  ou  tho  niilcH  tltcy  nri' in  •^Mimic  Hcrii'ti,  btit  ix-ar  thn dunal  llti  frum  3 
tn  S  rowM  pxliibit  m»i1<'»  HiiT>«r)>o<wHl  vfiiiiiilU  (.incinil  eiiliir))«lt'  ornii^av  witli  iU-iIiliiiol 
blacklah  Hitiido  un  tb**  MiiIeK,  and  7  i)uai]r:it4*  hlaL-WiKti  Hjiuta  at  tite  \kvm^  iif  titn  dorKnl  tin  , 
twiow  Urij;l*b  %'tilloiv ;  rlni-niil  iiiid  rundikl  tin  yl^11trn  )Ah  at  1jn«i%  niar^iDit  witli  n  lirofiil  bljii'k- 
i«h  band:  ;i  lilock  HfxtlK on  the  iiiiiMliioftlii'  tiral.nnd  -I  on  tlio  rniddlr  of  tlii'sewiiddurMkl 
fln:  anul  vulliiw,  with  7  Idiukinli  li<I»t()liv>(«\ti'iiding  unltrrlorly  aoruNi  tliu  rayxi  pccioral 
\oUow,  witli  bi^jwu  »|iiii«  im  ttio  ruya  mid  u  bluik  tmo  nl  tlivliuse  in  front;"  eye  witb  5 
blai'kiHh  rndl],  (llvf-'r;^ii^,  *1  uiituriurly,  1  upward  uiul  biK'kwjknl,  1  tiiK^kward,  nnd  1  down- 
word  Mild  btirkwiird.     I^t^nirth  14  liirneii. 

*  Ur.  (iilbiri  ai\A»  tU«  fulluwint'  iiulivi  ou  Alaska  flpcriini-iiit: 

■' YntitiK  Indlvldniil.i  wi-ri'  drwlcrd  In  Inrgu  nnuibepB  In  the  dhallowr  watcra  of  Rrlvtol 
fin y,  at  dpjtttiN  of  Iroin  4.^  tti  144  I'lithitniN.  Si'iuini;  tiurlioH  broU(rbf  it  iii  but  ont*(<,  a  nIiikIu 
yoiiri};  iiirlivlduiLl,  and  t  jniull  ngipuarintc  at  L'nalaHka  BTnoriztht>  [irpvalont  7/t'Xrt/rraiJiw-t)* 
Mfrji/rninTiiuir.  Tlbi*  liiT^OHt  iiidivi'liijiln  ilriHt^cd  nii-iiMiiro  nboDt  12.^  iimi.;  (In*  nilult  rmm 
1.'iii&liv.ska  <{45  turn,  in  It-iji;l1i.  'I'ln^  rbanirtiTH  of  llin  niiei'it''^  Hocni  very  iMinataiit.  Tlitv 
doraal  varleji  fn)ni  XX  II  C  1!>  l<i  XXIV,  21:  tlie  nval  from  23  t<i  24,  In  l(i  wpoclmoiiB  tlin 
dorsal  forimiliirnnfliui  r.dlu««;  XXIII,  l!>i  XXHI.lil;  XXIII/JV:  XXni,2u  ;  XXUI, 
20;  XXI II. 2<);  XX11I.20:XXIII,  20;XXIII,2U;XXnT,  21;  XXIII,21:XXin,  Jl  XXlJi 
21;  XXIV,  20;  XXIV.  2.1:  XXIV.  20.  The  iinal  Iki  aliow-.  tlic  rollo»hi;i  .•oiiiiH  in  12 
*ii«i'iiiion!i:  'a.  'J:<,  2:1.2:1,  23,  23, 24.24. 24.2-1,21,24.  The  liody  In  1lll^  yoiini;  in  iiiiR-li  nioro 
Mlender  thnn  iu  U.oel •••}>■» mmut,  ih  liglilur  in  color,  ;iud  1«<  kn  tlio  round  liuineriil  ip«I  j>rM- 
out  1h  tilt"  lttlt*r.  Tliu  minriKiculur  tlnp  in  Minieu  Imt  hihiiUpt,  tlm  fheok  mori'  oxlt'Ds'ivKly 
nakml.  tboeyc  lur^i'r.  nnti  llio  niiicoLia  i^anul  Hyjitfin  Ii^hh  Htron^ty  dov^lojiod.  Tin-  Hnotit. 
cbei'k*.  (ipcnloii.  und  lowi-r  «u1eor  licod  nre  naked,  witli  tlinoicoptinu  01  11  pulrli  of  niiiall 
looAidy  Inibriinti'd  fCalf.f.  on  tho  iii>p<T  inmltrior  purt  ofrliwk  itnti  Iho  upper  tliiril  of  opct^ 
cIps.  The  dorKul  line  or  ik)ti-h  Ih  vury  iucoiispiruoun.  and  limniuiiti'o  in  IVtrnt  of  tliemtddle 
of  »plnoiiiiilor«»I.  In  iioiieuf  our  ^pJ-clineusarolhoro  InKtucd'  ii  lim-  olpon«on  luiddUoif 
nideit.  ThB  upwiOM  can  b<*  dixliniriiiDJiH  nt  ODcp  from  nil  otlicr*  by  tlii<  .'•Icndor  roiidHl 
p»4liinck'.  1  ho  hIdiIIow  notch  tM'tu'w»n  doritaU,  tin'  Un  fomirdd',  tb«  *liort  uppfr  lino  of  porcn. 
whii'tnnd^  iinih-rnulvrior  li»ll'o(  nniroiisdonwl  IholaiyHy  naked  cht^kB  and  open  loa,  lb» 
Hlniplc  iiiibntucliL'd  I'uurtU  lateral  llae.  and  the  extreme  roagbuesa  of  the  acabv." 


1872  Bulletin  4j,  United  States  Natiotial  Museum. 


from  Katncbatka*  nod  ITnalasIca  to  San  P^iracisco;  abuudBut  in  Puget 
.Soiiml.  Iiiit  r;itber  rare  hiiiuu)^  tbo  Aloutitin  jBlaiiila,  and  a<-arc«]y  known 
Hoiitli  t>f  Oape  Mouflocino;  errom-oiisly  n'C(>nl(Hl  I'roiu  .Iiipan,  where  Hexa- 
iiriimmot  oUtkii,  , Ionian  >&  Starks,  has  boon  iiiistnkon  for  it.  (N.iixieil  for 
Cioorif  Wilhehii  Stclk'r.  tbo  imlel'atignlile  nittiirulist  of  Iferin^'s  voyage.  > 

ITtZiujramtiUf'  strlleri,  Tii.evium,  Mitin.  Acwl.  t>t.  Poterab,,  ii,  335, 180P,  Kamchatka.     (Colt. 

Slellxr.) 
IlfjmtiraiMinu  ttHftfr  (StKLLBB.  MS.)  TlLBsros,  MC-m.  Aoad.  St.  Petrnb.,  ll,  1810,  340,  pi.  1£, 

Kamchatka.     (C'uU.St«ller.) 
Lolirar  ittlUn,  i'Ai.LA8,  M^m.  Acail.  St  Peterib.,  Ti,  39.<i,  1810. 
Labrax  liriaijra>ntitu»,  FalLak,  M6ni.  AoiuI.  St.  Pclcrtb.,  11,1810,895,  pi.  23,  llg.  3,  Petro- 

paulski,  Kamchatka ;  Palij^  Zoogr.  Rotiso-.\Nlat..  Ill,  S84, 1811. 
ChirBprUnfttiilonn,  Gihaho,  U.  .S.  P»c.  R.  It   Siirv.,  x.  Figlice,  46, 1858,  Puget  Sound  aadat 

Fort  Steilacoom.     ((.'iiU.  Ur.  Sucklc«y.» 
Oliiiut  CriffraininuM,  Coi'E,  PriH..  .\uier,  Pbili«.  Sop.  Pbila.  IRT3, 2U,  Unalaska. 
Labrax  hnafframmui,  Temmlvcx  &  SciiUMKU  Fauna   Japunioa,  63.  pi.  33.  1817:  ttot  of 

Pau.a.x. 
Ohirui  hexagfainmtu,  IrCSTRER,  Cut.  Fiabea  lirlt.  Mns.,  II,  bl ;  lu  part. 
Brsttgrarnuiuii  ntprr,  STEl.MiACIiyKR,  Bellr.  VixKhe  .Iii]Minii.  IV.  10)  OOt  of  STSIXKB. 
Ohirui hfiO'jrammut,  OI'.STITEU, Cut.,  11,01, 1880. 
Chirif  nrhiiU-nu,  G nxTHBK,  Cat.,  il,  03, 18<W. 

Acanlliitlrbiif  nrbutoni;  Ull.L,  Prnc.  At'.  Nat.  S«Ni.  Pbila.  1881, 186. 
tltziujiammoihfxwjrammut,  JoBUAN  it.  Evekmann,  Cbork-LiatFiahoa, 434,1806. 

8261.  IfKXAtillAHVOS  HIPKKCiUOSI  S  (PalbM). 


(Ked   litWK   TltOtT.) 

Tlparll;  .let.th  3i.  D.  XX,  23;  A.  22;  (joules  107.  Rody  rather  rolmBlT: 
aiiirritorliitat  l)ii)k  loii);  iiiidMlniulor,  densely  friiij:;t'd,  its  leugtb  aliont  c><]na]- 
iiigvertk'iU  diriinoter  «if  orbit.  Scalea  mostly  cycloid,  a  band  ol  ctenoid 
Kcalos  ofteu  proeent  un  po^taiiial  rr!jL;ioii;  8  or  d  scali'B  in  an  oblique 
BorifH  bt'twooii  sijcond  and  third  rows  of  jiori's.  A  sirmll  patch  of  t«etb 
often  prmctit  on  frout  of  jialatinus.  I'irst  aud  fourth  lateral  liuea  loog, 
usually  itachiii^r  in^youil  the  luiddlu  of  soft  dornul  aud  aual;  caudal  ver^ 
broud,  I'Dimded  posteriorly,  uveii  when  liii  is  closed,  the  membraues  coverenl 
liiMulh'  with  small  acalos,  thow  on  median  monibranes  in  several  seriea; 
dorBala  very  dooply  uutched.  Colortf  usually  bright,  hut  varying  tbroufih 
greeu,  brown,  and  bri^^ht  red,  ii.^u.illy  dark  green  with  large  round  red 
apota,  but  extremely  variable   and  fuimetiinca  finely  mottled,      Berinj: 


•  I)r..Ionlnn  liao  thn  fullowiutf  nolP<  on  ttiia  spociea: 

"Twu  »|iecimBn>!  finiii  Potrofiatiiskl;  Ijoiiiig  esaiiinlc  from  UnalAska.  Thia  »|M«i«« 
nceniii  iiiiK'b  I«kh  ubiinduit  aluUK  tlio  jilioreH  itt  Roriiig  .S(ui  thiui  ll.  uelogrammut  (nrdina 
tin).  Tlio  Pi!tru[i:4ul»ki  ■ijipclinciiii  g\\v  tb«'  follinviiig  data.;  Dors«l  X.Xll.  21 ;  X.\  lU.aB; 
iii!al23, 24:  |><>ct<ini1  'M.  Clu'iik  Hoa1<'il  iiIi»vl>  mil  bc^hind  tbo  suborbital  !>tAv,  njiked  la 
fruut  at  auu  iiicluiSln^  l\w  niay,  oxpejjt  for  a  ifcinall  natch  of  acale«  iuiukedirilofv  iH-lnw  tba» 
Bliiy,  |irt'«i'iitin  I  siicciiiirn.     Iiitimporcle, «Hln<[M?roli',amloporrlMinW<«<l,  fir.  -     ;' 


...  -M 

pntcbul  acilea  on  upper  part  of  lli«liitt«r.    Cpperlalcrallineeu(liii|;iiud(;r  »<  ib 

apiuv  in  1  xpt'oinioi).   iiniler  tvDtli  (ir  t^njUtn  i<plii<>  In  the  otlipr:    thr  <  i  lU 

bnri'ly  tolioni'Ol'i'eiilraliiiul  Npeciiiken.tocippii.titiM'nil  of  baHaltiribor';i-iirr:ii.>  ii:  n,.  Mir,er 
Tberr  htm  7,  H,  or  Dftniile*  in  an  obliqiio  ni-rivn  iHjtvfctiu  ai-c«>ii<1  untl  Iblrd  linruj.  cvuu1«(i  iic«f 
iiiiildli<  iif  Irndy.  Tbe  luweniioitt  lliio  l'urk»  at  n  [Kdiit  ili^litlj'  iii-iiri-r  lioso  tlnn  tip  m  Tt-n 
train.  iU  diAiiinoe  from  vcntraU  Idsatbuii  ^  it«  distriTXP  from  vcni.     Viii!  ,). 

«'xti'mlini;  Imyaiid  [KMJtorala  and  morp  than  Ijalfw.iy  to  front  of  anal.    Tl' 
Mtroiiult  ciiiiirL.'iiiAt<' wlii'ii  closed,  bpvoiiiiiit:  I riinoal*  when  «pr«Ad.     It  is  ...  ^xl 

liulfnidv.  CijbjruH  ctaiial  in  tlipRiiectuM,  tlif»lii;bL  (i|>nlri  itn  sidea  uumeniiia,  aiioiii  a.s  iHrirr  aa 
jinpil;  linn  lirigbt  nildi.ili  omniiigi',  espcciaUv  on  l>n«ul  half." 


Jordan  arid  Jivcnnunn. — Fishes  of  North  Atnerica.      1873 


Island  to  Monterey;  not  rare;  bfcouiing  tnori>  common  northwjird;  nvery 
showy  «p«riu8,  extremely  variiihle  in  color.  Dr.  Oilliert  obsLTves  that  the 
(tpecies  is  ivixiiiditiit  in  I'Dalaska.  He  Bt4t<'^<  thut  tlit«  patdi  of  paliitine 
teetb  is  an  unreliable  cbiiracter,  as  5  s]>epinicn8  out  of  the  t)  examined  do 
not  exbiliit  it.  The  species  in  »vell  digtinjjiiished  by  the  di>ptb  of  tiiu  dor- 
iul  uotch,  the  coiiiparutivo  aiuootliDi^Bs  of  tbi<  si'ute8,  and  the  lurgo  size  of 
the  Hiiiirnocnlar  flap.  The  upper  line  of  pores  extends  well  back  under 
baa<<  of  soft  ilorsnl,  ami  tbo  fourth  line  ia  iinbraiichcd.  The  sidea  of  the 
beiul  ore  scaled,  cxreptiug  tli©  rejjioii  over  Nal>orbital  stay,  ibe  snoot,  and 
the  interoperclo.     {eujtfrfitiusiti,  portmiiiiiig  to  the  pyt-hrow.) 

Labraz  tupeiHliomM,  Pallas,  J1i:<iii.   Arail.  St.  I'eteriih.,  u.  388,  1810.  ITnalaaka  (Coll. 

Jmepli  BillingsM  Palijlh.  /oo^.  Riis^iAniiil.,  in,:?!),  1811. 
CMnt*  pielu4.  Gikaiid,  Pnic,  Ao.  Nal.  Sci.  Philx  18&4,  1^2,  San  Franciica  (CoVL  Dra.  Koer- 

Duian  itild  XdwiM'rry),  Humboldt  Boy  (Coll.  Lient.  Trowbridiii-) ;  OL'.NTUKE,  Cat.,  I], 

aa.  IWM);  LOCKI.NOTOS,  P^o<^  K.  .S.  Niil.  Mufl.  1H80,  M. 
Chirut  baliun,  Cul'B,  Pnn'.  Anicr.  Plitlus.  t>OL-.  I'liJU.1873.28,  Captaina  Harbor,  Unalaaka. 

(ColL Prof.  Geiirge  nnvlrtnon.) 
Ilaagrammut  Mtiiir,"  11k.\s.  Pnx<.  1'. S.Nat. Mua.  1881.  154.  Amchitka,  Unalaaka (Ty]io, 

No. 27SS0.    Coll.  Beau);  Jordan  Ac  Uilubbt, SjaiapaiH, MO,  1883. 
CItiraptit  piettu,  Uibahu,  U.  S.  Pm:  U.  K.  Sarv.,  x.  Pishf«,  43,  l(ir<8. 
Stxagrtm^mm  *up«rcUieinit,3i)ftDA}i  A^  CiiJiEHT.Svnojiai!),  644, 1883. 

S«63.  lIKXACRAStMOK  LAUIHEFllALr.S  (Pallna). 

Head  3|  to  1  in  length;  depth  3ji  to  3J;  eyo  small,  almnt  5!  in  hend. 
D.  XX  to  XXIII,  22  to  '21 ;  A.  22  to  2-1 ;  P.  20  to  21.  Ont.r  row  of  teeth 
enlarged  iu  both  upper  and  lower. i:iws.  Teetb  on  vomurnud  front  ofpal- 
atiuos.  Maxillary  extemliug  tn  below  middle  of  eye  in  iidnltn,  2|  in  hnnd 
(2|t  iu  youiin).  A  Riiiall  (lup  iibovo  eye,  friuKcd  along  the  niarifin;  no 
tentarles  oii  nap<*.  Fins  biji;)!,  the  spinous  <loraal  deeply  notclicd,  tho  bwt 
spine  somewhat  longer  than  the  oui.>  ])ret'ediQK;  iu  tho  adult  tlio  lirtb 
■pine  is  the  longrst,  uefirly  A  Ititijrtb  of  head,  the  third  iiad  ftiurtli  spines 
uearly  equal  to  tho  fifth;  from  thw  Rfth  the  spiiu-s  gradually  diminish  iu 
height  to  near  the  end  nf  the  tin,  wbcn  they  ifeoomo  rapidly  shortened  to 


"  TbefollowinE  in  Dr.  r<<^ttii"H  iliMcription  "f  //,  trahrr: 

"Ui'Bil  4)  wllhoiit  oiiurtiildr  Haji;  ilr|itli  H.  D,  .VXI,2*;  A.  24;  lateral  lino  »bont  107: 
transvenio  about  SO:  i»ye  3  Iu  tieu<l.«Minal  Ui  iiitfrnrliilal.  HihIv  4ilil>>ii^.Tum}er:ili'lv  toiu- 
IireanMl:  iipiMir  ontliiM  of  bead  i-n)ivi<i.  but  with  asligbtfrniitnl<'lr-pri>rt.<<iriii;  lojwl.  lielghti>r 
tall  Mpiulrt  4  or  hrau) ;  Java  erjual :  tUi-  nmxilbiry  not  <tulti'  cxtendlui^  to  anterior  niar/^iii  of 
pupih  ti<rtn  ou  jnwH  ku<l  voiiiir,  iiono  nil  paliitliica:  it  toiitiicle  ovt'reacb  eye.  OrtKin  nf 
•piiioiin  <l<ir»Jil  iliri'c'ily  ovrr  Umho  of  itrctoral.  Ibi«li>nm'-st  Bpiuo  II  in  bijdy ;  the  lniic»'iit'iliin«al 
my  wjnal  to  im.ttorliitul  part  of  hivwl ;  ilorimlH  (l«^'ply  nolcueil ;  btiawof  aiinl  it  in  boily  ;  vi'iit 
c*i|ni(llf«la]it  iMstwt'rn  tip  nf  Mnniit  uuil  haA«  of  i^aiul^il  tin:  t-nuilal  dt'fjule^lly  forkod:  ihh.'U»* 
niln  iintquit*-  rcxv^liiiit;  veiii,  tljr  li!n;:tli  Mijna]  to  licad  with  o]H*ri"h?  Hap;  ilialantH-  iil"  ven 
lral»lrnni  unoul  iiii'n<  than  tHit«  IchitiIi  <>t  ('lutnilH.  wbich  i*7  in  body;  nhiiorikl  linos  on 
eat-li  side.  lhi>  upixriuont  iiii-i'tiiiK  ltd  fidlMW  on  tbuoppositv  Dide  in  fmnt  nf  tlu^  dur»ul,uiid 
rniilioni-^l  fi>rwjir<l  <in  tlie  niii>f  in  a  Wtimlv  uluiri  lliip:  it  mn»  Ijai'kwanl  rlomi  to  l}n^  luiw!  nf 
(loniul  and  I'lida  at  b^-fijitniniinf  lu^^t  lliirti  iifMoft  iluraal :  second  ia-trinuin^  at  naiic,  }  iia  far 
IVoiu  the  ti|>i«'riiiOiit  a.-«  It  is  from  I  lio  tliirrl.  and  I'XlrniUni.'  to  the  canclal :  tin-  third  Wciimtng 
Bt  tbo  npiMTrnc]  of  thi-  L'ill  nn(,>nini.;niiil  iHidintinn  thr  candal:  thi>ri»iirlliH  liltli<  abnre  the 
piH'l4>ral.  (Mirviiii;  very  Milehtfy  ilowDwani  ituil  illwuppfaiiiic  ahinit  l)i*>  iiiiddb-  of  tb<»  lnwly, 
notao  wvll dfv«*h,i,ed  aw  the  rent;  tin'  tit'tburigiiiaicai'liiAR  iind<*r  tin* pectoral,  wear  tho  tiill 
0[i<<uinL'.  ]iiu(»>*i  alK)vi'  th«  v«nCral  ami  on  t1i«  luwi-r  jiart  of  the  HidiMit  tho  laxly.  ondttiK 
ftialjoiit  E}io  bfgiiinin);  Of  tin*  laat  thinlof  anal;  tlK>  ^ixtb  nioott»  Ita  frilnvr  of  thr<  np|M>. 
•it«  Hide  n  iitrli"  bcliinil  tlKM  entral  Itasi'.  and  pjtond.H  forward  in  a  aincl''  limvniid  ruiia 
I  Inokward  iilmf  to  the  liaaeof  the  aual  Au.cudinti  nn  the  caintal:  m-uIch  evury whore  t'ory 
roujjli.  Liylit  )in)nn,siIvi.Ty  Ix'tow;  oai'li  dnrHalwitb  S  ilark  M"icbp».»ninllcr  than  ev<', 
not  n'&e)iiii^  liaio^  of  (in:  iMM'ttmilfl.  vrntralM,  and  anal  iiiiniai'iilnt^'.  Coanl  of  AlaAKn; 
klaown  from  yioiui:  AprrininiB  odIy.  tliu  larufnl  ^  iitehfa  l(Hit£-"  (lllratl).  Wd  liavn  exttUl. 
iDed  lUeac  apChCliueD«  aod  Bud  tbetii.  beyond  qnestioo,  the  yoiug  of  H.  $vpereilio»ut. 


1874  nuHciiufj.  llnikd  Slates  Natumai  Museum. 


fiinii  t)ii>  iiotoh.  Ciiiidal  viy  broail  at  bane,  convex  at  ita  p4Mit«rior  mar- 
girt  (>vpn  when  Ihc  tin  is  closed:  pectorals  broailly  ronnded.  ratber  abort, 
tbv  liiiigcst  vays  li  to  \i  in  head,  not  nearly  reaching  vertical  from  vent; 
vuiit.ral  tiiifl  1}  to  2  in  head,  short  and  rounded  in  the  yoiiug,  b«comiag 
l<>ni;et  and  iiuim  poiiititl  in  adiiltsj  ]ientora)  and  ventral  rayti  very  broad, 
espix-ially  tuward  thi^ir  tipn,  and  inurh  Wrani'hcd;  soft  rays  of  doraal  and 
anal  tins  clfft  on  terinitial  liftli,  iia  in  other  species,  the  two  halves  uut 
diverging;  5  lateral  linrit  on  eai;h  Hide  aa  usual,  2  dorsal,  u,  median,  and 
2  ventral;  upper  doraal  line  i-ontiuned  to  beyond  middle  of  second  doi- 
nal  tin,  usually  ending  under  the  fourteenth  or  5iixte<-iith  ray ;  lower  dorsal 
Hue  and  the  median  lino  extended  to  liiisn  of  caudal ;  upper  ventral  lior 
originating  below  and  in  front  of  the  pectoral  tin,  piiHsing  imni«-<liatcly 
alxive  lia«e  ot  vontral  to  which  it  does  not  send  a  separat*'  braocb,  and 
t6rniiii:itin>;  oppnsitu  middle  of  anal  tin  ;  lower  ventral  lint'Ktnxb'on  brrast, 
forUiiiK  in  iiilvnnci-  of  middle  of  vi<ntral  linH,  the  branohes  passing  to  basr 
of  tandal.  In  tlio  yoiiuj;  the  hcuIc'S  art*  all  ctenoid,  except  those  in  niid- 
vtMitra!  rei;ion,  breast,  prep<*ctoral  area,  and  sides  of  head,  all  biwoining 
Hinootli  in  ailiilt;  aiiniit.  subonnlar  ring,  suborbital  stay,  interupercle,  and 
UHinilly  tho  lowcrniofit  pnrtton  of  aubopcrcle.  scaleless;  Itasal  half  or  more 
of  oandal  and  ImimuI  third  of  soil  dorsal  with  the  nicnibranefi  densely  scaled: 
p«etoral  basis  al»n  ck-nsely  scaled;  nrales  on  breast  not  greatly  re'duced< 
more  than  \  ne  liirgr-  n»  those  on  middle  of  side!);  median  lateral  line  with 
110  pore«;  H  orli  scales  In  au  obli«|ui^  series  between  median  line  and  the  on» 
above  it.  Color  in  most  of  our  npociinens  a  nearly  nniforin  warm  bmwn, 
liKht-iir  on  under  pnrta,  marked  only  with  irregular  ftuiall  black  spots  and 
tiii(>s,  which  may  extend  on  the  dorsal  and  pectoral  tins;  anal  and  ventrals 
lilark,  till*  thickened  ti|m  of  the  i;iys  in  these  and  the  pectoral  tins  oft4-ii 
white;  a  larcu,  bliu'kinh  liunieral  K])ot  in  young  specinions,  often  disap- 
])earing  in  a<lulta.  One  spfciimm  (tturnp  Island)  has  the  npper  part*, 
iucliidiiig  dornal  :ind  eninitil  litis,  bright  reddish,  with  some  dusky  blotches 
anil  cloudings,  the  buirieral  spot  contipicuouH.  The  lin  rays  are  sis  follows 
in  Vl  Hpuciuiens : 


D. 

A. 

P. 

21 

D. 

A. 

I'- 

xx.u 

t3 

XXII.  2S 

n 

ll 

xxt.as 

23 

W 

XXII  33 

ss 

21 

XXII.  23 

28 

21 

XXII,  28 

t» 

21 

XXII.23 

23 

21 

XXII,23 

tK 

21 

xxn,23 

2U 

20 

XXII. 24 

23 

31 

XXII. 23 

23 

21 

XXII  1, 23 

S3 

21 

'West  sbore  of  Doring  Sea;  not  known  from  Alaaka.    We  have  ntimer- 

tiiiH  specimenH  from  Hobbeii  Island.  1  speciuieu  eiieh  from  Bering  and 
Itiirnj)  islands,  Y"i"vg  speciunnis  nji  to  2()  cm.  in  length  have  the  scale* 
all  rough  ctenoid  as  in  II.  ulcllgri  and  //.  orloimmmHi.  Specimens  30  cm. 
long  have  most  of  the  scale.-*  sniKOth,  a  few  along  middle  of  sides  still 
ctenoid.  In  an  ndult  .'4  cm.  long  all  the  scales  are  smooth,  those  on  bead 
and  nape  partially  cmbi'dded.  In  shape  and  general  appcariincc  thi* 
species  very  much  rcHtmblvs  //.  ortognimuiut.     It  bos  a  deep  candnl  jtevlnn- 


Jordan  and  Evermann, — Fhlus  of  North  America,     1875 


cIr,  n  eouvexly  ronndi^d  onndiil  fin,  and  u  rather  bluntly  rounded  snoat.  * 
(\ay(b%,  bare:  x£4kaA.i),  head.) 

r,abrax  lagotrphaliu,  PALLAS,  M£n>.  Ac.  Bt  P«torab.,  II.  1810, 384,  Kuril  Islands. 
(hammatu]ilturiiii  lagotephalvt,  Joboan  It  EvrrvanN,  Cberk-LlHt  Fiaboit,  435, 1896. 
Ilnapramtaut  lUcngrammuM.  BKA.V  &  Dbak,  Proc  U.  S.  KaUMiw.  180A,3<ll3,apccinipn8froin 

Prli'u]miilskl;  nut  of  PaUj^s. 
Hfzaitrnmnwii  laiiocriihalu;  JoRUAH  iV  litLBBMT,  Flnliisi  of  Bering  8ft«,  in  Bvpt,  U.  S.  Knr 

Seal  InTBaligatlona,  ItiBS. 

700.  OPHIODON,  r;irard. 

(CUI.TIH  Toim.) 

Ophiodtm.  OiRARn,  Proc  Ar'.lIiit.,Scl.Philn.  ISM,  133  {tlonfiaiUM) . 

i>]>lo)»ima,  UtHAKD.  Proc.  .\c.  Nat.  Sol.  Pliilft.  18M,  I,'l5  (/.(iiiMimii'n  =fl«ni;ntiuj. 

Body  eh>iigat'G,  low,  little  comproH«ed.  Head  long,  rather  point4>d,  its 
Mnrl'iK-o  Hcaleli-BK.  Month  toruiiuiil,  rury  large.  Jaws  with  very  strong, 
shnriy,  unequal  ttu'tU.  Home  of  tlit'iii  vauinf^-like;  loiijj;  twricH  uf  uarilifurm 
teeth  on  voiiut  itnd  ]iiilatii)c«.  Gill  a]>eiiin{[;a  very  wide,  the  niemliraiivs 
not  united,  fn-o  from  tlio  inlhinnH.  Proojiertle  with  a  few  lilnntiah  8pitie«; 
a  duniial  itaf»  above,  tha  pyo.  Scales  very  smaU,  hucoiiiiiig  .tiuuoth  with 
ago.  Lateral  lino  Bingkv  i-nntinunii8.  Dorsal  flu  looB.  deeply  iKitcliod, 
the  spines  iihoiit  24  in  ntinibor,  Hiender  and  tloxilile,  the  uiiddle  ours  hi;;h- 
est;  anal  tin  lon^,  without  distinct  siiint's;  venti-als  1,5,  intwrtcd  some- 
what behind  pei:tAralB;  pectoral  lin  broad;  pyloric  cicca  very  niiinoroua; 
gill  rakers  tiihcrclo-liko.  Species  of  Isngji  size;  among  the  largest  of  the 
cottifonii  lislics;  used  a.H  i\mA;  the  llcsh  livid  bhiii  or  grocn  in  color. 
(o'0ff,  wniikc;  oi^ul's,  tooth.] 


22n:i.  (HMiinno\  Kf,0\OATCH,  Oirard. 

(C'lLTis  Cot);  Hub  Cod;  Hiffalo  Coo.) 

Hea^  3i:  doptli  5.  D.  XXV,  21;  A.  22.  lloaii  largo,  the  snout  sh.irp, 
conic.  MoiUli  very  large,  the  lower  , jaw  ]yroniinent;  maxillary  reaching 
beyond  orbit;  each. law  with  a  scrios  of  large  ]i<nDted  teeth  bent  inward 
and  immovable;  froiil  of  iiiiiur  jaw  with  2  to  I  larger  catiincs;  outside  of 
the  sori«s  <tf  large*  fnetb  er»ch  jaw  bus  nniiierotia  Hioall,  Hharp  t€K>tli;  vonicr 
and  palatinc.'(  with  a  single  row  of  canines;  anpraorUitiil  tentacle  iiiucb 
shortur  than  pupil;  dorsal  lin  beginning  above  prLMijiorcIc,  thi>  lin  very 
rteiqdy  notched,  the  highest  spinos  nearly  i  length  of  head;  caiuliil 
eniarginate.  Drirk  brown  above,  ninth  mottled;  dorsal  tin  and  whole 
npper  part  of  ho<ly  rovored  with  nniall  rusty  brown  spots  of  varving  sixe 
and  hno;  lower  parts  of  body  of  .a  livid  liliiish  green,  especially  in  (ho 
adult,  the  tlcih  and  all  monibraues  tinged  with  green;  ground  color  often 

'  It  will  l>c  notml  that  nil  of  the  HiMwIeii  of  ntnagrammoi,  nxrept  R.  olaHi.  wPTf  Vnn«m 
to  Pntlaa.     ff.  ntitkii  Uan  aim*  Ih-^m  Inii^  kn«iwn  tocnlKH-inm.  tliuQgli  btit  rtt .  !     t'n- 

gaiabt'd  from  U.tlfllfri.    It  sfenrs  i)rr)lBil)U-  llmt  nil  oxi»Iiiig  njfoclp/t  of  H  ' 

Am  uon*  knon'o  |4>  iix.     TliiTt' art*  unirurnily  .'1  Inli-nJ  liiit'>4  nn  u.ncli  nlili*  in  .  <>i 

U**«aritmmni.     I'lie  »c*oiiii,  tlilril,  onil  Mill)  limw  ireoomplclo  in  lUl,  while  ihi'  iir.'i  hthI 
foartli  BD)  variouiily  (iweluiiod,  and  uft't.-i'  valuable  specific  obHractera. 


1876  Bulletin  ^7,  United  Slates  National  Museum. 


Mutsh  or  ruddisli  tinped;    yonnp;  sometimes  1)rlght  green;    Bns  dnaky^ 
itiottk'd,  the  dorsiil  ami  c.-iuilal  with  a  very  narrow,  pale  edging.     Length  ■ 
•111  inrliw.     Farillc  cottMt  of  Atnericii,  Sitka  to  Santa  Barbara;  very  abun- 
dant, reaching  n  weight  of  30  to  10  pounds,  being  one  of  the  moat  important 
foml  tishoH  on  the  ooaat.    {vlangnin*,  elongate.) 

tffihuidon  tlont/alut,  OlRAKD,  Prot-.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  PblU.  18M,  133.  San  Franciico  (Typ«,  Vo 
27B.  Coll.  Dr.  HeiTiiiaun),  Humboldt  Bay,  California  (No.  W7.  ColL  LivuL  Trow- 
lirlilgi'l:  UlltAHP.  r.  S  Pa.'.  It.  K.  Sun.,  X.  Fiiiheii  48,  pi.  18.  figs.  4  to  7,  185S 
(il'NTHKn,  ('At.,  II.  04. 18r>i):  JuRDAir  &'  (fiLBERT.  Synopala, 640,  I8KI. 

OpU'lioma panthrrinu,  GiB.tiu>,  !»r«ic.  Ai'.Nal,Scl.  Phlla.  ISM,  IM,  Cape  Flattery,  Waah- 
tngton  (T.n>e,  Ni>.  2".1.  Coll.  Llt-ut.  Trowbridge);  OIKa&O,  O.  S.  Pac.  K.  K.  Sorr.,  X, 
FUlicw,  48,  ]il.  18,  figs.  1  lu  .'1, 1HM. 

OpAiwian  paMiAartniw,  GUiriBisil,  Cat.,  11,03, 1840. 

701.  ZANIOLEPIS,  Oirartl. 

7.anU>Upit,  GlKAttD,  Proo.  Ac.  NaL  Sol.  Pbila.  1857, 302  (tatijnnHi*). 

Bodyelonnati',  little  compressed,  tapering  from  the  nape  to  the  long  and 
slender  tail.  Hend  sljort,  (conical,  tho  prnlile  tlci'urved.  Month  rather 
xmiil],  low,  toniiiuAl,  hort/ontul;  vanlilorni  t-oetli  on  the  jaws,  vomer,  and 
piiliLlinea;  iiu  supraorbital  virri;  pruuporck- witli  spines.  Gill  tuenibrouea 
not  united,  free  from  ttie  iatliuins;  ^11  r»ki-r.s  tiibercle-like.  Scales  »inoll, 
imbricated,  uxtremely  nmgbly  ct^tnoid.  Lateral  line  single,  contiunoua. 
Doreal  fin  witli  about  2l}(ipiQe«,  some  of  the  anterior  8piuet<  more  or  leaa 
elevated,  a  Auep  wiUih  between  the  spines  and  soft  rays;  ana]  tin  very 
long,  with  '.i  6j)itu-!4,  the  A<>oond  of  wliirh  is  longest;  ventrala  I,  n,  long, 
intiert«>d  11  litth^  l>el)ind  jiertorals;  pm-tmalti  moderate;  pyloric  ciHca  fe^ 
(5  or  ()).  Xnrth  I'acilir,  in  deep  water;  sinall  lislies,  not  valncd  aa  food; 
8in);utai'  iu  form  and  appearaiR'o,  and  bearing  some  reoemblnnee  to  t)ie 
/(•e/MJ»-llko  I'otliHii-.  (q<t»'i<H-,  a  eornlv  or  card;  Xfiti^,  scale;  hence  nmre 
correctly  »))plled  with  an  initial  .\.) 

a.  Thin!  tlor^ul  npine  jj^routly  c-lfvuiod,  Tuuirb  lonj^er  tliun  li«ail;  liend  le«*i<  tbnt)  i  If^n^lh 

of  Imily;  no  RUprnorblUil  Hap.  I.ATII'lNNtg, 2264, 

aA.  Thin)  ■Inr'tnl  lipino  inuiji^rat*',  oborlertbaa  head;  head  more  than  4  length  nf  body; 

supraorbital  Dap  proneut,  rBB)(ATUI.a 


82fl4.  ZAXI01GP18  LATIPDmR.  Cirarrl. 

Head  H;  depth  Tif.  p,  XXI-1. 11 ;  \.  Ill,  17.  Hody  rlongate,  fnMform. 
Boarcely  coniprt'SHcd,  the  dorsi-vl  outline  rising  rather  steeply.  Month 
small,  liori/,<HitaI,  low,  the  inuxilhiry  rcnchiuii,'  nearly  to  the  middle  of  the 
eye ;  tho  jireiii;ixillary  eutifely  Ixsiow  the  eye.  Eye  very  large,  longer  than 
snout,  m  in  head;  no  eiirnn  aliiive  eye;  preorbitiil  wiile,  partly  rovering 
the  scaly  max i Mil ry  ;  interoculiir  sjiace  rather  narrow,  somewhat  oonca%'e. 
nasal  spinett  proent ;  prcoperele  with  3  i«h.'irp  spiiicis.  Doi-sal  spines  slon- 
der.stitl',  the  lirst  and  second  longest,  usually  greatly  prodnccd.  hutatifflah 
to  the  tip,  scarcely  connected  by  membrane,  reaehiiig  t-o  nearly  middle  of 
second  dorsal,  and  nmre  tbnu  A  tln'  t4)1ri)  length  of.  the  lish,  but  ofVMi 
mach  shorter;  a  deep  notch  between  spiunus  and  soft  parts  of  dorsal;  sec- 


Jordan  and  EveitnanH. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1877 


I 


011(1  (lorBri.1  higb,  itsmyB  grivdnally  Hhortcued;  anal  loii^,  its  sphius  liigli: 
\  eiitrals  i-luugnte,  wido  upurt,  reiirliiiij;  imst  fntut  oruiial;  j>oct(>r:ilHHhort 
ftiul  tiarrow;  tuuiUil  aliurt,  .s]inlit.lj- ruiarfjiuate.  llt-ail  inul  ln)<lv  every- 
Avlioru  c'tivert'd  witli  mtuiiti',  iiiibricutiMl,  very  loii;;:!),  Hliiigreeiilike  scalra. 
Oliviicenns,  the  liody  tiinl  iipjier  fins  a|Hittml  with  riittty  brnwtr ;  tlio  verti- 
cal lliis  uiarkett  with  liliickisb;  a  bla>-k  strcuk  Utjlori!  t>yo;  tiiibarbirul  bbjtiib 
silvoi-y.  Lttugtb  l:i  iucln-s.  i'acilic  I'cmst  of  tbe  United  Stati'H,  I'l-cmi  .Sau 
Fniix'isco  iiorlhvvurd;  iihiindunt  in  deep  water;  ii  alendur  lisb  of  dry,  tiriu 
Hiib8t.!iiic;u  and  Biiigiiliir  furin.  Wkzo  described  Iruiii  ^[leoiiiiuiis  fruiu  ult' 
I'oiut  Uoyos.    {latHK,  bro.-ul;  jjiiimi,  liu.) 

Zaiiioltpit  latipiiiHU,  UiRAHU,  Proc.  Ai'.  Nat.  S«i.  Phfln.  1857,  203,  Fort  Stoilnrooiu,  Puget 
Simnil  (CiJI.  Dr.  Sui-kley);  OfR.\ttl>,  r.K.Pnr.It.  It.  Surr.,x,  Fi»h.,73,  pl.I7,flgi(,5  and 
0,  IBM;  GU.VTHJfJt,  Cat..  11,01.  lilCO;  JoUUAX  ii  GlUIEBT,  Sf1iup«ls,  U7, 1883. 

SSft'i.  /AMOt.KPIK  VBENATrS,  Eigenuianii. 

Head  3.?  iu  leugtli  uf  body ;  diptb  Til.  D.  XX-I,  12 ;  A.  Ill,  15 ;  eye  3J  in 
head;  sumit3it;  tuaxillary  'J;  third  dorsal  spine  lj(;  aecund  dorsul  ruy  2; 
pectorul  11;;  ventral  1^ ;  hltoikI  anal  Hjyiue  3^  ;  oiiudal  1).  I'oTm  o{  Z.  /a(t- 
}iiiini»,  Hlender.  tikperiug  biickvvardi*,  uut«rior  prtdUo  ^oiitly  ('oiivux,  the 
Biiont  gbur)),  tbe  lower  outliuo  scnrcely  ciu-votl.  Muiitb  tit  lower  ei<le  of 
diuiut  borizoittiil,  tbe  nmxiljiiry  reiicliiiig  vortical  I'rniii  trout  of  pupil,  3  in 
bead.  A  blunt  N]>irie  on  hetid  ^if  luiixiliary  in  front  of  uostril.s,  Teetb  iu 
broiid  cardifurui  baiula  on  jaws,  vomer,  and  palatines;  uo  canines.  Niwol 
ttpiueji  very  «trouj;,  unn-b  uinn-  developed  than  iu  X.  latijAiinu.  Eye  very 
large,  Sif  in  head,  liitercn  lutal  space  narrower  than  in  Z.  latiiiinnis,  8tronj;ly 
concave,  witb  a.  deep,  jnedian,  acalelesa  j;rouve,  widening'  anteriorly.  A 
long,  narrow,  siipraorliital  cirrus,  more  than  |  as  lonj;  a.-*  diameter  of  eye, 
on  Bupraorbital  rim  bebiud  uiiddie  of  eye.  (A  uitnute  tlap  similarly 
placed  iu  /.  latipiutiiii.i  Two  or  'i  )ire(jpercnlar8]iiDeH  developed,  with  I  or 
2  «u  shoulder;  no  ntlier  Mpiiies  on  heJMl.  Gill  raki-rs  xbort,  tiibercaliir, 
not  toothed,  10  or  11  on  anterior  arch.  Gill  uienibraneH  narrowly  joined 
acroas  throat.  Dorsal  begiuuiuj;  over  upper  au^le  of  k'H  opcTiing;  spiuesof 
auteriorpartuf  liu  with  mem  Hrttneiiclee])Iy  iueised,  the  first  Hor4  beiugmore 
than  half  free;  nouc  of  the  spine*  produced  into  lilameutw,  all  (stilf  to  their 
tips,  whicb  are  pungent;  the  anterior  spines  varying  in  relative  leugtli, 
but  thi^  third  neema  noriii;illy  the  lungeNt.  Ijt  to  U  in  bead,  the  Moeoud  and 
third  about  equal,  the  tin  thence  ohort^ned  to  the  twentieth  Hpiue,  the 
twenty-lirst  agaiu  Icnfttbened;  anal  spines  atioiig,  tbe  second  the  longest, 
i  longer  than  third;  anal  ravH  free  at  tip  and  thickened,  becoming 
gradually  higher  jiosteriorly,  tbe  liiat  raya  not  abruptly  leugtboued  as  in 
Z.  Iatipinni»;  pi'ctoral  long,  \  bead,  its  upper  portion  longest,  the  lower 
raya  tbickonid  towards  tips,  and  serving  aa  a  support  aa  the  liah  rests  on 
the  bottom;  ventrals  long,  the  outer  rays  tliickeued,  longest  barely  reach- 
ingvent;  can<lal  truncate.  Scales  as  in  if.  /n'i^iinni*.  luiniite.  but  regnlarly 
disposed,  their  posterior  edge  with  5  to  8  strong  spines,  nearly  no  long  as 
width  of  acalo;  tubes  and  pores  of  lateral  line  not  externally  viaiblo; 
head  and  body  entirely  scaled,  except  snout,  preinaxillarios,  part  of  inter- 
orbital  space,  and  lower  side  of  head;  aeries  of  spinous  scales  extend  to 


1878         DulUlin  ^7,  United  Stales  NcUioiml  Museum. 


ti)i8  of  rnys  and  sxiities  of  dorsal,  c.aiirlnl,  and  pnctoral  fins.  Color,  back 
witli  it  series  oft!  iiundrntc  lilutclios,  currespondiiin  to  or  ii)tem:itiu;|;  with 
a  »iiiiil;ir  series  uf  larK^i"  lilotclius  liidiiw  tlie  latcnil  line,  tbo  spacen  tie- 
tweeii  with  veniiiculiitinK  lities  ul'jjray.  itiflcmiiig  darker  spaces,  the  light 
liiifs  HtiriwtiiiieH  produced  lielow  the  latenil  line  in  v-8ii<ip*^<1  or  )  (-sbaiteil 
iiiarkJiiK^:  h(<ad  d;ijk,  u  silvery  litiu  ou  suburbitul  cliitiii.  edjj;ed  »bov« 
with  ld:iuk;  spiuiiii.H  dorsal  truiisliiceiit.  with  round,  bhick  a]i<it«,  fre- 
•jnently  more  or  leas  coiilluoiit  to  fiiriii  huri/:oiitAl  or  oblicpie  8tr><»ks;  soft 
dorsal  Hitnilnrlv,  imt  uiiicb  h^s-s  diHtin<:ti>',  iiiiirked;  rundal  dusky,  black 
in  ui.ales  with  whilo  posterior  margin;  Html  Idsck  111  lunles  with  white 
iiiarj^iu.  ill  fetiiuica  iiumarkiM) ;  ju'ctorals  with  2  bltii-kish  bars,  whil« 
edged;  vviitrulH  bliii-k  iti  iiiiilea,  white  ivlgtul,  plain  iu  ieiuiileit;  in  uialcs 
the  loivtT  ]i!irts  ol'  body  aro  iiiiitormly  lilaokisli.  (liilhert  >18.)  Otl'  shore 
bauks  of  suiitUern  ( 'alifuniia.  Herf!  doscrihed  from  a  specimen,  i<  iiichri 
lonK>  t;ikuii  olf  the  Siiuta  Uarbani.  I^ltiiids,  by  the  J/fcafrcia.  {/rtnalHt, 
bridled.) 

Zanioli!]>ii /rctmlut,  EinK.VMAN:<,  Weal  AuKTicMi  Sclentlat,  Not.  B,  I&*».  10,  CorCFi  Banks, 
off  San  Diego.    <CoU.  CBjit.  Cuter.) 

702.  OXYLEBIUS,  Gill. 
OziftoMiw,  Uux,  Proc,  Ac.  Nut.  Si-i.  Fliiln.  1862.^77  (fiiettu). 

IkHJy  ohlr)i)f;,  rsoniewlmt  tDttipresaud.  llrad  conioal,  very  Blonder  actimi- 
nate,  thi'  prolili*  ouiiK-whrit  coniavr.  Xbnith  small.  .Iikws  each  with  a 
lifttid  of  toith,  thi'  <iuti-r  si-rii-s  considerably  t>nlar{jrd;  iiiinut*-  t<>oth  on 
votuer,  few  or  uoiie  on  pHl.-ttiiieB.  Tt>()  of  hbad  with  dermal  tliip».  Pr<-- 
operclo  with  2  blunt  spint-s.  (ii!l  nienibraiies  broadly  counei'tcd,  free  fT»iiu 
the  iftthiiinij;  (;ili  rakers  nhort,  not  very  sioiit.  Scales  itmall,  cti-noid; 
u  Aiu^lo  lateral  tiiiu.  Dorsal  I'm  eiuai;<iniite,  with  alioiit  16  low,  rather 
alroii^  H)iit]eh;  Nuft  dorsal  inod<'nite,  itH  nienibr:tne  closely  scaled;  nual 
with  3  fitoiit  spines,  the  secuiid  the  bniKe^t;  candal  truncate;  pectorals 
rather  luug,  their  bases  nut  pmcurrent;  ventrals  HJoilerat*',  inserted  well 
bidiiud  pei'toralH.  Pytorh'  cn-rn  few.  Small  fishe«  of  bright  coloration. 
{o^vi,  8hai7»;  l.rliiua,  nn  nld  synou)  ni  of  Ufxai/rammmi,  from  Xefiiai,  a  kind 
uf  tk  Buiall  lish  Biiitiible  to  he  eooked  in  kt/Stfi,  u  kettle.  J 

92«B.  OXVLEBIUS  PICTrH,  Gill. 

Head  3§^i  depth  3i,  D.  XVI.  15;  A.  Ill,  13.  Body  rather  deep,  com- 
preKsed.  Heiul  little  coiiipressed,  slender,  pointed;  lips  thick;  lower  jaw 
alightly  inuluded;  uuixilt.'iry  suiall,  barely  reiichiii^  eyi-.  Eyea  large, 
about  eijnal  to  ^noiit,  1  111  bead;  nasal  spines  present;  iiitiTOCular  spac!«' 
narrow.  Scabs  oii  side.nof  head  very  sniatl ;  scales  on  body  small,  ctenoid, 
wt(b  strung  hnri/.ontal  sfriii',  those  on  breast  minute.  Dorsal  fin  continu- 
ous, its  spines  slilT,  the  middle  one  hlghost,  and  all  considerably  lower 
than  the  soft  rays;  second  unal  >>'pinr  lonp-r  than  the  third,  about  ei|iial  to 
the  soft  rays;  jieotorals  Icirely  reaching  anal;  vciitrals  to  past  vent. 
Tawny  grayish,  with  about  ti  black  hurs,  altumatiug  with  aroiw  uf  pale 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1879 


I 


<>raiit;i»,  the  liitt<T  (ili.sciin-il  l>y  dusky  sjiots  atitl  l>lot<'lii".H;  thi'  <l;»rk  bars 
oxteuiliuj;  on  thi'  fins.  tlii>  first  ncrofih  tlir  iiiip*-,  tbc  sfcoud  across  tin:  Diiil- 
illf  of  till"  »piii<ni«  <1  Ill-sal,  tin-  third  Urojidi-r,  across  puMti-rior  part  of  spi- 
iitniH  dorsul  mid  frunt  of  iiiml ;  1  jiltomb  luiddlr  of  soft  dorwiil,  1  on  posttriftr 
pai't,  imd  I  at  liase  of  Ciiiiilal,  the  tmiN  aliout  as  wido  hh  the  inti-rsp.-iceii, 
and  tlii'ir  nlgcs  irri'jjnliir,  but  nliarply  ib'flni'd;  jiiTtonilrt  iiud  caudal 
oiangi,  with  iTiiss  m-ries  of  spl)t^i ;  vciitrals  largely  blunk ;  iiiiih*r  side  of 
lii'iid  oriiiiRi',  fri'ckled,  apotti-d  with  pair;  2  fringed  oirri  over  each  eye, 
Hcorli't;  bri'iist  and  belly  iiiarblrd.  Length  10  iuchtr.i.  liocky  »horcj», 
un  the  Parific  coant  of  the  rnit*-!!  States  from  Moiiti^n-y  northward  to 
PiigBt  Suiiiid,  living  aiiioii^  alg"';  iilvniidaut.  but  niri'  in  toUrctiouK,  being 
Kiddom  taki'u  in  iiutK  Hun;  desorilM^*!  from  .Hpociiiioiis  from  Montoruy. 
A  uioat  bcutil.ifiil  and  active  littlo  flali.     QnV't»4,  painted.) 

(Uliirlriut  pietwi.  UIU.,  Proc.  Ac.  Nnl.Sci.  I'liilii.  1882, 'J77,  CalifornU;  no  dc>nn(te  looAllt,v. 
JoKUA.v  Si  GlumRT,  Syuupals,  «18,  1)W3:  Joiuiam  it  Stakk^,  I'roo.  Cal.  Ac.  Svi.  IMIS, 
802,pLT8. 

I'aniily  CLXXIX.  COTTIDil!:.* 

(TlJE  SOI'Ll'INJi.) 

Umly  moderately  elongate,  fiiaiform  or  cotiipr(j«.sod,  tajioring  backward 
fruiii  th«j  head,  whi<'U  in  UKiially  bruud  uiid  doirretiiMid.  Eyiti  placoil  hi;;h, 
the  int<iro(iilar  spate  iiMually  narrow;  a  bouy  stay  coutieiting  the  Hiib- 
nrhitol  wit.li  till.)  jneupen-le,  iisuaily  covered  l>y  the  bkin;  iipjiiT  jiiiglcv  of 
pn-oprrije  umiidly  with  1  or  niori-  Hpiiioiis  pruiosses,  tlie  huad  Kotni'tiiiKMi 
wholly  niiiirini'd.  Teeth  e«)a!i],  in  villifonu  or  ciinlifomi  buudu  on  jaWH, 
and  ofti'ii  on  vomer  and  pidatiuoa;  piouiaxillnrieH  jirolnirtilo;  maxillary 
without  sui)i)l('in(>ntul  boito.  iiiU>i  3^  or  -1,  blit  behind  thu  lastKmall,  ol'teu 
olisolctti;  gillrakeis  short,  tiiberoli'-liku  or  obHoIete;  gill  iiicmbruiici* 
broadly  i-uutiCL'ted,  oftt'U  joint^'d  to  the  idtliuiiiB,  Uody  naked,  or  vuri- 
imsly  armed  with  Hcalea,  pri<>klu»,  or  bony  phitiH,  but  ni'vtT  uniformly 
scaled;  lateral  line  present,  aiiiijtli^,  sninetiiues  chain-like.  Uorsal  iiins 
80)inrate  ov  Bomewhat  connected,  the  npines,  6  to  IH  in  niunher,  usually 
sleudor,  aonictimea  coiiL'ealed  in  the  ttkin,  the  eoft  part  ulougate;  caudal 
(in  Ntiparate,  niundrd;  anal  fin  i^imilar  tu  the  ttoft  doitial,  without  Mpinen; 
pectoral  line  large,  with  broad  ■(nocurrcnt  ImNca,  the  rayM  mostly  Hiinpic, 
the  upper  soiiietimi-s  branclnd ;  veiilrals  thoracic,  rarely  entirely  wanting, 
th«  raya  tisuallv  I,  'A  to  I,  5,  their  insertion  well  forward.  rseiidobraDchia^ 
present.  Vortobra^  uuuierotis,  30  to  50.  Scapular  arch  uunnal;  myodonio 
deveiiified;  iictiiioHta  large,  partly  iuterveiiiug  betwi-eu  hypercoracoid; 
ribsHessileon  the  vertebra-.  Pyloric  cn'cansuBlly  in  small  niiniber  (-4  to8); 
air  bliwider  commonly  wanting.  tJonora  about  t>0;  species  about  250, 
mostly  nf  the  rock  pmilei  and  .chores  of  nortlieru  regions;  many  speciea 
rniiQcI  in  frisli  waters  ;  sonin  of  tlio  Sail-water  species  descending  to  great 
depths,  Most  of  the  specie!!  are  of  small  8i7;e  and  Hiiigular  aspect,  and 
none  is  valued  as  food.    The  family  is  an  extremely  variod  one,  which 


*  We  aro  under  obllCDUoDH  to  Ur.  Wilbur  W,  Thobum  far  many  aoUn  vn  lluf  Anraricim 
Ootttda. 


1880         BuUetin  4j,  United  States  Natiotiai  Museum. 


can  HOT  readily  be  thrown  iiita  8iiburdiiiat«  gronptt.  Alrnwt  ever*-  HjieriM 
bus  :iu  iiidiviiluulity  ol'  it.n  own,  ^mil  aiiioiig  tbe  iiiiirinu  foriiiit  it  ih  ucc-o«.Mir}' 
to  reeoKiiize  abiiost  as  many  genera  as  specieii.  It  iti  iiii|>oa8ible  to  throw 
tbcsp  aiunll  ginicra  toj^ether  into  laijie  gruupa.  iH  tbo  Aiiieriiau  fnriiix, 
probably  Jordania  ia  neureht  the  primitive  scaly  stock,  from  which  »iicb 
Ibriits  iitii  /uniohpit  nuil  OxijUtiiiu  iire  rtlMO  <lmcen<le(l.  Hnnitriplerut  uud 
Xaulichtlijin  gei'iii  to  bi>  tlie  iuo8t  Hpeciiili/ird  genera.  Freab- water  dvgouer- 
atioii  is  extimiilitied  in  CuIIiim  ami  rranidi'n;  deop-wuter  degeueration  in 
Zetiicrlut  and  t'utliinriilua,  and  the  degradation  aHHuciuU-d  with  aliiggi^h 
habit's  in  JniTlii'hllii/ii,  I'liyfltruliitta,  and  (HlhrrliHa,  (Tii(jlid(F,  gronp  Ccl- 
tiua,  part;  groii[>  Scuvpiminu,  part,  Oijuthor,  Cat.,  Ii.) 

L  Spinoua  iluraiU  L>vi<)i!iit,  nut  coDc«-alt-cl  iu  the  flmti  iiar  inilla1iuj;iii/<lial,lp  fmiu  nutt  plut ; 
h«uil  -vvilli  nplucaor  tub«rcl«s  (excc|it  in  rare  vitaesi,  its  biiuca  nnt  all  hiilden  in 
Inx  i>kiD. 
a.  Ventral  tiiid  woll  (levelop«Nl. 
b.  Pei'toriU  llim  si-parato,  uot  oualnacent  Itelow. 
«.  Ventral  rnyA  I,  5;  vomer  aud  palatinci*  wUli  teeth  i  gill  membrane*  bnMuUj  united, 
free  fnitn  the  latboiug. 
JoaoA.snN.£: 
U.  Hoily  Ui<3tv  or  lesa  nculy  nbore,  ur  witli  nttigh  platfA  nr  prickles. 
e,  UorAiU  fin  very  loni;,  of  17  apineg;  anal  Iimf;^  uo  alit  Ixrliiiid  la.tt.  -{ill  arrii , 
hack  with  roiif{)i  Hoalea;  Hldua  willi  obUijuv  aerralwl  ioldK;  Ti-nlral  llus 
wpll  hobluil  iicctornltt.  JoMUjkMa,  Tuu. 

te.  Ihiraut   lin  inwtenitt-,  of  12  or  13  npinea;  unal  long;  body  very  slender, 
aldea  of  iiit<-k  with  rongh  plates. 
/  Laat  t;iU  areb  willi  uo  elit  bcbiud  it;  chin  with  2  barbeU. 

Pabickuxcs,  7W 
Xf,  Last  gill  arch  willi  »  alit  iHiliinil  it:  chin  without  barbell. 

SCOBPa»ICHTUVIN,K  : 

dd.  Uudy  covered  with  xmixitb  tkin ;  a  nlit  bohlnd  last  gOl;  doraal  ray*  U ;  bwly 
nitlier  robuHt.  SCOWMStCBTSn,  706. 

ee.  Ventral  ray*  uot  I.  5:  iinnally  I.  :i.  snmxtimi^s  I,  2,  or  I.  4. 
ij,  SpianuK  donuti  aburter  timn  m>(1  piirt.  of  leaa  (ban  13  apioes. 

llKMILEI'lDOTUf.*  I 

A.  Budy  ilnlinitelv  taurv  ur  lots  iti'Oly  ul>ove.  the  lutalos  HOmelime*  arranjpetl  in 
liunitH,  i»i'  n<<mi'iiim-H  niuililit'il  im  Ihiiiv  pliit4'j<,  thcjie  uduiilly  placed  along 
lateral  line  or  ut  Imiir  ul' (l"r»nl  (nkln  naki.-d  In  ArMttU»4t. 
i,  Liial  i;itl  arcli  -.riliiDut  itllt  behind  it;  gill  aieiiibraaca  uuitud,  free  frcnu  tbe 
inthmiiit. 
/.  Vomer  aud  palalinoa  wilb  teeth. 
k.  PreuiMTciilnr  npiiiu  with  1  to  d  enlarged  h"oVii  or  antler-like  prooMtea 
aligve,  iMmUlen  (he  2  on  It*  billil  or  emarginal"  Up. 
I.  Back  uJHivn  lateral  Uuc  evenly  scaly;  opiuoua  dorsal  emarfinat*. 

Chitokotijb.  tot. 
U.  Back  above  lateral  line  with  a  aeriea  of  enlarged  plates  or  aeelea, 
the  apace  jibovi'  and  below  thia  naked. 
TA.  Lat<.-ral  line  artiie<I  witli  u  Horiea  of  bony  plates;  preoperonlar-Uke 
priK'eHflrn  ijNuiiUy  nnniiTi-on*. 
fk  Doroal  Hu  with  1  <ir  ninro  i.if  the  .ulterior  spinea  elevated  and 
Ulamentou.i;  acattered  plat«»  behind  axiL 

TAKAMDK'IITUra,  TM. 

Wk  Sonal  fin  without  fHamontoaa  apinea;  no  plal«s  Iwkiud  u\il. 

It-Kuxvs.  nt. 


Jordan  and  Evarmann. — Fishes  of  North  Atneriai,     1881 


mm.  Lntenl  Hue  unarmed  or  vrltli  innall  liidden  sealiyi  oaly;  InNly 
rather  roliuat;  uo  filamuntoaii  npiueA;  top  iif  lieod  acaly; 
pnwptTciUar  aplue  wltli  but  1  baokvil  prwem  alwvB, 

AsTKOLYTBa,  710. 
kk.  Pn-upcrcular  apiui<  lilflil  ur  idmple,  without  liouks  ur  oullor  like  pro- 
CVS9CS  mImivv, 
0.  Vent  wry  cIomi  behind  veutrala :  «Qpraorbital  oirrun  rvry  high. 

ABCHlaTKS,  711. 
00,  Tent  ««U  Iwtdsd  reutraU;  supraorbital  oiirua  low  or  vraotiDg. 
p.  Bock  witli  a  dintinct  baud  of  acalca  on  oaob  aidv  above  Utvrul  lion; 
bead  mniKitb  ubuvf,  tbu  inkenirbita]  apocu  dat  nr  cuDraw, 
q.  Iut«rurl>lial  apaoo  flatj  head  witbuut  cirri  alMiTc. 

AKTKbifs,7l3. 
lyfj.  Intisrurbital  apaoe  oonoave;  top  of  bead  with  sburt  cirri. 

AxrniAs,  713. 
pp.  Back  oovered  wllb  rungh  aoaliw  abuve:  bead  verjr  rongli. 

r.  PreopervuUr  npiutt  mori?  ur  leas  evidently  blfarcate;  a  amall 
clmia  above  •;».  KOHCARSl'ii,  TIS. 

rr.  Preoporuular  spine  simple;  sides  scaly  below  lateral  lioo. 

KAMTRINTS,  716 

ppp.  Back  with  a  neriea  of  larger  platen  along  i-avh  stdn  Ix-low  base  of 
dernj&t  llu  abuvv  lut^Tut  line;  Ijojul  DaliL'd  above;  sides  witll 
•oatla-rid  aculi"*:  bud,v  and  bead  sdimdvr;  skin  alK>re  with 
warty  scalin  uud  ijricklea.  Iceli'b,  717. 

Pfpt-  Back   and    aidi^s  wbully  naked;    preuporvalsr   apino   aimplo, 
strongly  liiiuked  njiward.  Aktkiiucllub,  714. 

ij,  Tomer  with  teeth,  palatines  nitb  none;  the  side  with  a  series  of  bony 
keeled  spinous  plates. 
I.  PUteaoiihead  larger.  iilmilarluthaaoalonKlatontI  Hnei  body  very  Blen- 
der. di'itresBod  aliuve.  RAJtiruifUS,  718. 
U.  Plates  <in  bead   very  smail;  body  rattier  tobual;  iireojicrclv  with  4 
spines,  tbe  upper  booked  upward.                         Stbujibtuum,  719. 
<(.  Last  gill  arvh  wllli  u  dixtiiiot  sUt  bobind  it. 
u.  iiidea  of  boily   with  ubiiijue  secrated  fulda;  preo|>ercnlar  spini«  nuuil, 
simideor  bind:  gill  membranrs  wholly  Itco  frotu  (stlimus;  spinous 
dorsal  Dot  euiargiiuCo;  no  palatine  teeth;  body  aiouder;   vcntrala 
uinderate. 
V.  Caudal  lin  trunoato  or  slightly  emarglnale. 

IT.  Back  with  asorien  ofliuny  taliervles  along  base  of  dorsal:  liody  not 
very  eloiider. 
z.  Breasl  nakiM],  with  cross  I'ulds  of  skin, C4iutuiuiiig  mucous  tiilH<s. 

Tltl<ll,Hi-fl,  72U. 
xm.  IlreAst  wllli  ntnatl  scales  and  no  orosn  fulds.  Ktrr.mab,  721. 

WW.  Back  without  buoy  (ubvn^tis  aluut:  buxe  of  dorsal:  body  very  filan- 
der;  lower  rays  uf  jK'ctural  produced.  PuioNurrics,  7^. 

m.  Caudal  liu  deeply  forked;   body  very  slender;   lower  pectoral  ruys 
produced.  Elahiiu.  TJa. 

vu    Sides  of  liody  without  oblique,  serrated  folds;  nu  bony  tubercles  along 
dorsal:  body  very  robunt. 
y,  Uat'k  witll  1  or  2  bauds  of  large  rough  scales :  Istcral  line  wit  bout  Iwny 
shields;  pnlatiDL'i)  witli  tooth;  preojwrcnlar  spine  shurt. 
;.  Bank  with  i*tiD  liEiud  of  scales;  vontrsls  f^reiitly  ebmgate;  gill  mem* 
branos  free  from  isthmus;  spinoa*  dorsal  nut  notched. 

MkuXTSB,  734. 

a.  Back  and  sides  with  2  separate  bamls  of  ooitrso  rough  scales;  tod- 

trals  niuilrrute;  spioou!)  dorsal  notched. 

a'.  Gill  m»nilir«iii-«  piirlly  frex.  forming' a  l>rua<l  TkM  ui-ross  isthmus: 

uukod  akin  of  body  Unu  ajid  thick.  iUlutiju-UK/tCs,  72S. 

3030 U 


1882         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


aa'.  GUI  membranea  united,  nul  fonuing  a  distinct  fold  ■enis*  Uthxam 
(nnluss  Ibc  gkiii  ia  «Uriri!ll«<l> ;  nukiM)  xkui  tlilu  juiil  lax. 

CaLTCILEPUiOTPB,  7J8, 
yy.  Boily  witliout  Rcales,  but   writli  ii  bnml  of  cnarnt*  liuny  pintee  aiosK 
Ut«rnl  iiW;  gill  DieuibriuifH  bruiidly  ntiiUxl  to  tbv  iathmu*. 
h'.  Prsopcrcniar  ajiino  ainiplr,  ruiy  \an\i  and  Mln/nic.         Rnophktis,  737. 
W)'.  I'reopcnjnlar  apine  vxtremely  long,  anued  above  with  recurred 
hooka.  CiaiATOcom's,  72*. 

A'l.  Itody  not  definitely  netXy  above,  the  akin  amoolh,  priekly.  viUoua,  or  wiUi  acat- 
torcd  scaly  iirooeasea;  no  bony  armature  to  lateral  Line. 
COTTIN*: 

e\  Skill  aiuooth  or  irarty  or  velvety,  not  ercnly  liispid  Tjlb  atilT  prioklea. 
r'.  liill  raenitirnncH  broadly  iiuit4-d  to  the  ii<lhinii«,  not  fortning;  a  fold 
ttcroas  it;   rrenhwata-r  api'«ica  with  Iho  brad  ft^ebly  armed;  iiaJa- 
tine  lopth  prpsenl  or  ubaent, 
f.  Veotrals  with  a  cuiiccolrd  aplno  and  4  anftraya;  akin  often  prickly. 

tkrrrca,  73. 
fj'.  Ventrmla  Tritb  a  csonoiTaled.  apine  and  3  ar>rt  rayi;  efcln  not  prickly 
Iiidnliiin  loctli  iisnnlly  ulisolrto.  rTaawrnaA   730. 

»'.  Gill  o]>eiilng8  narrowly  joiui-d  to  tlie  isthiuua,  witbont  fald. 

[l-KPTOC<t>TTL>,  T«.) 

ter  .  GJll  niombranea  free  from  the  lalbmus  or  elae  I'onuiug  a  broad  fold 
acroHH  it. 
j".  Palatini'  teeth  none. 
A'.  Kiral  dorxol  aplno  not  eKpeclally  elpvaled. 
{'.  FnM>|>crvle  witb  3  i(|iini.-»  only,   the  upper  atnlght,  the  third 
turned  dowuwani ;  akeleton  well  oaaiflol;  lutcral  lijutdorel 
oped,  with  or  without  (H>ncealetl  plalc*. 
j'.  Lower  Jaw  shorter  than  upper;   aopraacapiila  witli  a  aSnglo 
aplno.  MToxi>cavaXt.u.s,73l. 

^'.  Lower  Jaw  longer  than  upper;   aiipmscapnla  witji  a  doitblv 
spine,  the  upper  branch  ."ihurtfr.  MEaAlocoTTr«,73a. 

iW'.  I'reopt'rcln  with  4  iiptDei!,  the  luwermost  or  fourth  tamed  don- 
wunl;   liouei*  of  head  more  or  b'na  ravemona;  latenl  Uoe 
(illi'ii  niiMlitkHl  c:r  retliicod  to  arjillered  |>oreM. 
i'.  tipper  preoperrular  i<pine  ctirved  or  hooked  opward  or  eiae 
obsolete  and  hidden  in  the  sklo;  akin  atDOOth;  oooipital 
ridgea  little  deve]<i|>ed. 
I'.  Nasal  splncA  obaidete ;  bono*  of  heed  soP.  and  tpon^;  lowrr 
Jaw  pruJeullnK';  luterel  line  rvdnced  to  scattered  paves, 
deep  water  aoiiliiinii  nllied  to  Fiiychrntutft. 
m'.  Vomer  with  »«cth;  pnlatinen  with  none, 
n'.    Proo|H>rfiiIiir  spiues  distinct,  uppennoat  long,  tbarp- 
o'.  DornalK  nell  meliarutcd  ZESTICRl.t^  731. 

00'.  Unri<;il!i  I'oiitiguous.  DABViTom'ti,  734. 

iin'.  Prroiteiicular  Npine*  very  short,  hidden  in  Ibe  skin, 
tlurHul  Uu  coiiliiiiioua.  Coirt'McL'i.tti.  T3i 

mm'.  Vomer  and  pnlalinea  toothless.         KtAL.l.cxx.vrTTT.'.s.  730. 
W.  Nasal  Hpini'x  struuf;;  bouea  of  head  Clnn;  lower  Jaw  included. 
p'.  Ventral  flns  very  long,  roAohlDg  past  lyont  of  anaL 

AMOVBOCom^s  737. 
jtp'.  Ventral  flna  nuKlemte,  not  reaching  vent. 

POBOCOTTCB.  738. 

kt.  Upiwr  prropermlBr  nplno  straiiEht;  lateral  line  chain.Uke, 
vmuiT  witb  ti-ctb.  an  evident  Klit  behind  last  glU. 
<('.  'I'op  ipf  head  with  ridges  or  crcatu ;  marine  apeciM. 

OJ«JooontTn»,7>». 


I 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  Nortk  Ameiica.     1883 


99'.  Top  of  bead  unBnni-d,or  nearly  ao:  Uciutrliie  npeiiiM. 

TBinutPUS,  740. 
Mf.  I'pper  prpo|»>rcul«r  upliie  ulinit,  amiiNl  wltli  !  or  3  antlFr- 
like   pntixsiim:  aljt  Itvbluil   liut  k'"   "nuUl  or  wanting; 
viiiiu>r  t^iotlileiM.  GvMJiiKAKi  nt'8, 741. 

hh'.  Firat  doronl  itjiiue  elevated;  skin  purfwUj'  »tn(intb,-  ^\\\  tui'in- 
braiK-M  tiiriuLD);  a  broad  fold  ocrosit  iKtIiniiiii.     Lkiocottus,  742. 
^'.  Palatine  Inlli  jireni'iit  (rarely  iilidolpte  in  one  apuoic^s). 
r*.  Gill  iiii-mlirancii  narrowly  joined  to  the  isltimua,  DOt  fonning  a 
fiiM;    pr«o|>«rcular    ttpinn    with    autler-liko    proce^M^t    skin 
.iiiiuulb.  LKiToooTTtm,  743. 

Tf,  C  iU  incniiiranea  frew  from  the  iHtbninM ;  preoperrular  spiiie  »borter ; 
hi'ail  am!  »i<li«  Ufimlly  wltlj  tonny  iiiiort  cirri, 
r.  Skin  or  nidea  with   ncattt'ruil   pricklea  or  railimentiiry  mall's ; 
prvopcrculiir  iipinc  liiHcl:  lioad  [xiinli-tl.        CLtNoconT!*,  744. 
«'.  Skia  p«rffM:lly  iiuiodth.  vrithoat  HcaieH  iir  pricklujt. 
V.  I'reoperonlar  aplnv  loni;  nud  aliarp,  smuctiiura  witli  1  nullcr- 
llkv  pmcosa  atKiro;  nnuitt  i«.'iito,  OuotX'OTTii.a,  745. 

U'.  Preopereular  apine  aharp.  carved,  almplei  iiDoat  acute. 

DxyoOTTTii,  746. 
W.  Frooperrularapiniialjort  anil  IjIiidI;  tumit  uareor  l«>H»ol>llise. 

ISLKIfMCllTTtJS,  747. 

rrf.  Gill  mumtinuios  I'rt'o  I'rum  itic  ialluuiU',  no  cirri;  prtjotwrcnlar 
i»piUM  aloador,  l>o<>k.i>d  upniiiil.  [  Autkulklli's, 714.J 

Buraint^c : 

00'.  Skill  utinoMi  everywiiero  rnii>:lii  ivitli   aiiinll  (duntislj  ]irii-kli<6;  flrat  duraal. 
ulivnlisd  ill  rroul :  Ititail  Mriiiill.  c  iimproswd. 
«'.  GUI  mi'mliraiina  irt>«  I'niiii  the  LsthniiiH,  vi-ntnU«  aiuall. 
v*.  Spmuurt  ilursAl  out  piuiirgiuiiii);  uo  AniootU  areaaon  body. 

HiSTiocorrtw,  748. 
■  ve',  Spinoun  dorsal  deeply  not«brat ;  aldea  with  nmooth  aroaa,  Blkpsias,740. 
•nt'.  C}illniiarok>mn<-a  nultml  totlieiKtbnjiia  ;  rrntralaloni;. 

10'.  Flnt  dorsal  liltl»  L-li<v,ito<l,  ita  base  scarcely  raUn)  abovn  ocoipui, 

NAL-riBCl-a,  750. 

ipw'.  First  dorsal  ({Tcntly  elevatail,  it«  baao  raised  abruptly  from  tbo 

dopruKsi'd  occiput.  KAtrnoinHrs,761. 

i]fj.  Spinoua  dorsal  longrr  thaii  aoft  part,  of  14  to  IBaplnoa;  akinrongh,  witbpricklea 
andttiljen'lt'ui:  teitli  un  vomer  and  ]>alBUo<<a:  n^llmembraaeafreefroui  iatbmiu; 
no  slit  bvliind  Inxt  p'll. 

«'.  Spinima  diinin!  or  l.T  spilifs.  not  notched.  Ulca,  752. 

XX'.  Spinous  diirsul  uf  IS  (o  18  spiuos,  deeply  notched,  the  antorior  apinea  hleliest. 

UlEMITIUKrKBl'8,  753. 
STNCHIBIN.A: 
ttb.  Peutorul  llns  continuous  around  Ihr  llirwit. 

y.  Book  with  apinooa  soalca,  Kill  muuiUranoa  freo  from  isthmoa;  no  slit 
bebiud  last  c"!;  teoth  on  vMiut<r  and  pnlalluos:  pruoiKircle  with  a 
altort  bifid  Kpiui-;  vrntrula  innerteil  fur  back.  Sllfl'UlllUS,  7M. 

AaCBLIfHTHTIM* : 

oo.  Ventral  tins  wholly  wanting.  Skin  pvrlectly  sMionitj;  im  slit  l>ehind  rourthglUi 
gill  membranes  free  from  iathmns;  teeth  on  vumurnud  palntuiva. 

AtfOCUCHTHTg.  7S6. 
P«TCHKOI.tmN.« : 

II.  Spinous  diirsul  not  erident.  ita  slendnr  Npiusa  wholly  bidden  in  the  akin  or  elae  india- 
tinuuishnbln  IVoia  soft  ruMi;  Iwud  iiiuiniiral,  itA  tMitips  hiddun  lu  lax  skiu;  skin 
smooth  i  nu  slit  biliiud  lust  gill;  Kill  iuj'mbr;iD<-s  linnwny  JiiiiH-d  to  thu  islbmus; 
no  tvrtli  >'ti  Mimir  or  piil;itiiii'S;  imulllury  uoverud  by  xUin  ut  prcorbitaJ;  routrala 
uioderutti  I,  3,  tbo  baae  aduatu  lo  body. 


1884         Bulletm  /7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


t'.  Spiuoun  dofMtl  wholly  hidden  in  the  Bklc;  bnnes  nf  heiul  not  icrcatly  c«> 

liiwt<r.{nw  y-sliii|ied,  \X»  rami  vriili'ly  itct|iHrat<><l.  ri^rPUmOLUnB,  TM. 

a'.  Spmoiis  duFHal  widviit,  thi'  spiiicv  uul  wliuUy  liid<l«ii:  boumi  uf  bead  ravan- 
utu;  la-WBTjaw  luDg,  U-shupad,  Its  miul  itpproximatu  at  baa«. 

703.  JORDANIA,  Storks. 

Jordania,  STAXKB,  Proe.  Aa.  K«t.  Scj.  Pbllii.  IBDS,  410  (Soflop*). 

Body  oloiifrato,  not  ;;rcatly  rompresaed ;  head  iiiuderato,  p»rt1y  scaled, 
with  dermal  l];i.pa  above;  uiodth  moderate,  with  bands  of  villiforiu  t««tli 
on  jinvs,  vomer,  and  pa1i»liue«;  body  iibuve  liiteral  lino  cioaely  co\enMl 
with  Htron^ly  ctenoid  scnlcH;  louerbulf  of  body  with  {date-like  folds  of 
skin,  rtinuing  ob1i(|iiety  downward  ;nid  backward  fVotn  lateral  line  U> 
within  :i  Nliort  dihtaiice  of  anal  liii,  tbu  pustenor  edge  of  each  fold  lixialy 
uiiil  Hhui])1y  8<-iTatt);  gill  Jiieuibi'au<-a  united,  free  from  isthiuua;  a  alit 
beltiuil  liistgill  areli.  Tlirei'  pieoiierciilar  spines,  only  the  middle  one  well 
developed.  Spinuiitt  di^rsal  ivilh  a  very  Iouk  base,  of  about  17  spine«, 
longer  than  the  Huft  dorsal ;  anal  long;  ventrals  I,  5,  inserted  ninoli  liehind 
pectorals,  Vert«br:i>  111 -f- 36=  16.  One  species;  in  waters  of  moderate 
depth;  a  Mingiilar  genua,  »ppro\ini:ttiiig  the  Ilvxuiirnrnvtidir.  ('•!  take 
great  pleitHiire  iu  naming  Ihii^  remarkable  geuoa  for  uis  leJkulier  in  iuiit 
ology,  David  Starr  Jordan."    Starka.) 


P 


SS6T.  JOKDAiNU  ZONOPK,  SUrka. 

Head  3|;  depth  5^.  D.  XVII,  15;  A.  22;  pores  in  lateral  line  50;  orbit 
3j  in  bead;  iiiaxilbiry  3^;  loiigt^at  dorsid  spine  IS;  longest  dorsal  ray2i; 
longest  uual  ray  2i;  lougth  of  vcutrals  1};  pectorals  i  longer  thou  head; 
caiidat  li,.  Holly  rutbor  elougsite,  eonipri-sHud  pusteriorly,  not  nucL,  if 
any,  anteriorly ;  the  buck  not  elevated ;  dorsal  and  ventral  outliuos  almost 
straight  from  lieail  to  caudal  peduncle;  head  not  large,  protile  from  fiont 
of  dorsiil  to  eyes  nearly  horizontal  and  straight,  then  abrnjitly  taming 
steeply  dovvnwiird  to  end  of  suont;  lower  protile  gently  curved  from  chin 
to  ventral  iiiiu;  month  kiiiuH,  the  niDxillary  not  reaching  the  vertical  from 
front  of  uibit;  Jaws  about  ecjual,  or  the  lower  slightly  (irojectiug';  te«tb 
in  villiforui  baiiils  on  jaws,  vuiiier,  and  ]Kilatiues;  eyes  large,  set  bigli  in 
head,  a  liltkr  shorler  than  snout;  ititerorbital  upacudeejily  concave,  \  as 
wide  as  eye;  a  flip  of  skiu,  k  a-s  long  iia  the  diameter  of  the  eye,  over  the 
anterior  edge  of  each  eye,  and  a  lotigiT  one  over  the  posterior  edge;  a  few 
minute  llcHliy  Hlipn  on  nape  ;  ua.sal  npiuc*  long  and  shiirp,  .somewhat  curved 
bai'k;  Hptuo  on  preojiercle  nioiple,  hooked  up,  a  miuiito  Hpiue  abovi^  it  and 
a  btnnt  spine  below;  posterior  end  of  0])ercle  pruniiiieut,  IbnaiDg  a  bltuit 
spine;  operde  prudiice'l  pustpriorly  in  a  llitp,  which  lie'*  iu  a  ithallow groove 
In  the  shiiulrjcr  girdle;  no  opercular  Hpitie;  gill  membranes  unit'ed.  but 
not  joinuil  to  the  istlituus;  a  diHtinct  nlit  behind  fourth  gill  arch  ;  branehi- 
OHtegaJN  5.  Top  of  ht'nd  to  iniildlu  of  eyes,  opercleN,  and  upper  part  of 
preopercleH  cloKcly  covered  with  Ninall  rough  Hcalen,  head  otherwiM 
naked ;   body  above  lateral  Line  completely  covered  with  ctenoid  soaIm^ 


Jordan  and  Evemiann, — Fishes  of  North  Amerua.     1885 


not  very  regular  in  size,  arranged  in  abont  f!7  Reriee;  lower  Imlt"  of  hody 
covorMl  to  within  n  Kliort  (li.Htnncn  of  imiil  with  about  50  ohliipio  platft- 
liko  folilrt  of  HJfiii,  tinr  i)o«tori<>r  C(l(;t'«  ff  which  arc  lioely  aii'i  xhtvrply  ser- 
rate, the  pores  of  lutera!  lino  Hituati'il  in  the  tiiipt-r  i-nil  of  these  foldt*; 
pi'cfcoral  base,  belly,  ami  n  mirruw  Hpnce  alotijj  bas^  of  atiiil  niikt'il  J  (in*, 
with  thp  exception  of  pertonl.  whii-li  has  n  few  rougli  r*ra!es  on  tlie  rays, 
uaked.  Dorsal  j-iiine-*  Mletultr,  tlio  lirst  emc  iuMr(e<l  in  ttdvance  of  ])e<.-toral 
hrnni,  directly  ovor  tlie  iippor  amX  of  gilt  opt'iiiiig.  the  liii  hoiiic  what  rounded 
in  outline,  the  npines  not  v.irviiig  greatly  in  li-iiglh,  with  the  escefttiou  of 
'i  or  'A  on  eaoh  wde;  »»ii  dor.snl  a  little  lower  than  npinouH,  tho  rayn  Hiib- 
iMitiiil,  itM  liasc  a  little  Hborter  than  thi'  \>iiM<  of  iirnt  dorsal,  mid  wlightly 
loiigM  than  the  lengtli  of  henil ;  ventra!  (ins  long,  inHi-rted  well  backward, 
Hmj  lift.-<B  n(!arly  \  a  heiidV  length  lichinil  pectorals,  tht<ir  tips  re.'K'liing 
paxt  I'rcmt  «f  »niil  fin,  their  tpugtli  tjtinal  to  tlu'  (tintance  from  snout  Ui 
oilge  ofpreopiTcle;  the  pnbie  bone  very  prouiiuetil ;  pcctnrul  fins  Jong  and 
curvud  iipwiird,  thi>  miildto  rays  thi'  longest,  n.MfJiing  piust  tips  of  ven- 
traJH  and  fr4)nt  <>f  iinal  U^  the  s|)aoo  botweeu  dorsals,  the  ends  of  lower 
rays  free,  the  width  of  the  fin  ut  its  Uhj^o  rontained  3  times  in  length  of 
head;  caudal  rounded.  Color  in  !'i)iritM,  blackish,  with  traces  of  1  or  5 
darker  cross  bars  nn  back;  Mides  below  lateral  lino  mottled,  faint  dark 
Hjiots  along  lateral  lino,  iu»re  conspicuous  posteriorly;  a  dark  bur  ^  aa 
wide  .'IS  eye,  running  from  eye  downward  across  cheek  to  anterior  euil  of 
Jntcropercle,  bordered  on  each  side  by  a  light  streak,  n  Hinularly  bordered 
bur  running  across  top  of  head,  slightly  turning  around  posterior  niiirgin 
of  orbit,  downward  along  margin  of  preoperdo,  and  ending  on  po.sterior 
end  of  interopercle;  snont  ahrti[>tly  black,  lips  dark;  tins  nil  dark  and 
Nlightly  mottled;  tips  of  \entral,  aniil,  and  caudal  rays  a  little  lighter; 
caudal  and  pectoral  dark  at  base;  slips  on  top  of  head  black:  belly  very 
finely  dusted  with  iiriunte  ilark  jioints.  Puget  Sonnd,  in  I  to  8  fathoms; 
types,  3  specimonH  taken  in  eluinnel  rocks  at  IViint  Orchard,  near  Seattle, 
the  largest  1  inches  in  t6u^;th.  The  life  colors  of  this  brilliant  species 
were  not  taken.  There  is  in  life  mach  red  on  the  lateral  plates  uad  else- 
wbere  on  the  body  ami  (ins,  which  disappears  at  onco  iu  alcohol,  {^(bkj/, 
xono;  OTti),  window,  from  the  banded  eye.) 

Jordania  tonnpt,  STAJlKil,  Proc.  Ac.  Kat.  Sci.  Fhjln.  ISa.'i.  410.  Point  Orchard,  Puget  Sound 
(Type,  N'o.  3134,  L.ii.  Jr.  Uuiv.MuA.  Oill  Mnmlu  Parker  ami  Adam  Uuliluiril) ;  Juu- 
DAM  &  HrxUtm,  tnc.  Cul.  Ac  Set  1895,  )i02,  pi.  79. 


704.  PARICELINUS,  Eigenmann  &  EigenninDu. 

Paricrtinuji,    ElORNlUXIl    A-  KlOKinUKX,   Went  Amencaa  Solentiat,   Niir.  0,   188S,  131 
i,hajiUti£ttai. 

VoDtrul  I,  5.  Bptnona  dorsal  well  develapcd;  pUs  3f,  no  slit  behind  the 
last;  voinrr  and  palate  with  Iceth.  Gill  niembran&H  (probably)  forming  a, 
fold  aiToss  the  isthmus,  (sides  covered  with  HtilV,  villil'onu  prickles;  a 
series  of  largo  ]date8,  each  ending  iu  a  large  recurved  spine,  along  the 
basex  of  the  dorsals.  Hea<l  well  armed,  the  ocoi|iut,  ]ireoporclc,  suborbi- 
tal stay,  preorbital,  and  part  of  the  supraorbital  with  spines;  naaal  spiufts 


188G  Bulklin  47,  United  Slates  National  Afus^um. 


prrwent ;  chin  with  S  barbels.  Hranchioategals  6.  Soft  dorsal  and  »ii»l 
long.  Aa  iui{>erfcctly  known  gunua,  t'vidcutly  allieil  to  Jordanin,  found 
in  riither  deep  wuter  in  California.     (Ttapa,  nvjtx;  Jcfli«tu.) 

S3»N.  ptRKEUMM  HOPI.ITUTS,  KlgODinAiin  &  EicenreaiiD. 

TIcBd  I ;  il<.<ptbfi*.  D.  Xn,  lit;  A.  2;<.  Hody  elongate,  snl'cylindrical  for- 
ward, soiiK^wtiat  i'(im)>reflBcd  lichind;  region  between  dorsiil  armature  Ibtt. 
Suotit  ]tuiiit<'d.  Kye  lark's  cloratcd,  t  in  xnout,  'Si  in  Lead.  IntcrorbitjO 
region  with  n,  di>e]>  median  groove  ami  2  Hliullower  groovoa,  its  width  lew 
tbau  din.mc'ter  of  pupil.  Tpper  jiosttrior  portion  of  orbit  strongly  ser- 
rate.  Poatvriur  marf^iii  of  prrorbital  xerr.ite.  Suborbital  stAy  with  3 
strong  upward  directed  Bpi[ii<H  hobind  tho  eye.  Top  uf  head  deprc«se<l, 
It  series  of  3  spinos  ou  either  side,  llie  posterior  '2  removed  from  tin* 
anttrior  one;  2  small  spines  nbovtv  poatiTior  part  of  each  eye.  Muqth 
large,  njaxillary  ruachiug  Ut  below  anterior  margin  of  pupil,  3^  in 
hvud.  liotb  jawH  with  Ivarid^  (d'  teeth,  the  outward  iinterior  ones 
rocurvod;  vomer  and  palattm-g  with  smaller  t-i'eth.  A  barbel  on  either 
side  of  the  lower  jaw  nliont  as  long  as  pupil.  Origin  of  spinous  dor- 
Nal  ubovo  thi'  jmctorior  portion  of  the  oper<'l(\  its  end  nbove  the  origin 
of  the  anitl;  c-andal  broad,  rounded;  vi-ntrulM  reaching  the  second  linal 
ray;  pettoral  very  broad,  reaching  the  lifth  anal  ray.  A  nanow  stripe 
Fibing  biiRB  of  anal  nailed  ;  pricklctt  iiloug  lateral  lino  eularg<Ml,  forming  2 
si-rics  <d"  Hpinolets  along  its  antt-rior  portion;  iW  pairs  of  strong  r<'curved 
Bpiuis  along  thi'  sidcM  of  the  liar-k.  Sides  ashy  with  scattered  msty  spots; 
a  ^terio^*  of  coiiHpicuous  piir[ib»  spots  below  the  lateral  lino;  lower  snrfaof 
white;  doi-Hul  and  fnudal  marked  with  rusty  barn.  Cortex  Banks,  of}' San 
Diego,  (."alilornja  (Kigenmann);  not  seen  by  ns.  Type,  a  single  well- 
preserved  tipecinien,  15  luui,  long,  from  tbo  stomach  of  Stba§todit  Irrit,  from 
•IH  fathoms.     (tiffAir/«<5f,  armed.) 

I'aricrlinut  hopliticut,  EioENMA.N>'  lV  G10ENMA.XN,  West  Americiio  SclentUt,  Mor.  9,  IMi, 
131,  Cortex  Banks.     (CoU  C.  11.  Eigrmnanii.) 


705.  ALCIDEA,  .Tordan  &  Evermaim. 

AUUta,  JOEDAlf  tL  EvKBMAJfN,  uew  genus  {tkobmni). 

Uody  elongate,  with  slendnr  and  spinous  head,  nranchiostogal  mem- 
branes broadly  uidted,  free  from  the  i«thmti8.  Preopertnlar  spines  sim- 
ple, 3  in  number,  all  directed  downward;  u  distinct  alit  behind  last  gill 
arch.  Teeth  in  jaws,  and  ou  vomer  and  palatines.  A  palmate  supra- 
orbitiil  cirrus;  others  present  ou  prcopcrcle.  Nasal  spine  strong.  Body 
thickly  lieset  with  short,  stifl".  villiforin  prickles;  a  sorics  of  plates  along 
each  Hide  of  base  of  dorsals,  bearing  eaeli  a  strong  spine;  plates  of  lateral 
line  apinoMH.  Both  dorsals  and  anal  very  long;  candal  rounded;  pectorals 
with  the  lower  rays  nimple,  exsorted,  producpd;  ventrals  brond,  1,  5. 
Ad'itha  diflers  widely  frotn  Jnlns  in  the  structure  of  its  vontrals  and  pec- 
torals, in  the  very  spitiotit)  head,  and  ia  tbo  nutnrtr  of  the  body  oorering. 
It  is,  however,  evidently  very  close  to  PariMlinu*.    If  Dr.  Elgenmann's 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America, 


account  is  comx-t,  the  two  hIiouIiI  Xw  j^enericall;  as  well  ns  apecillcally, 
(liHtiuct.     Gillrrrt  obsiTvi'S: 

"Our  itp«eimeii  «i-einii  to  ajfreo  in  nio«t  of  its  cbarttcfcrs  with  Eigentnanii's  (jjie  of 
¥ar\ctiin\ti,  btit  iliUi-m  I'roiti  biA  (Icii<Tl|iliou  In  a  ntini1)«r  of  inipnTtaat  rt<«|M'Ct8.  wliich,  if 
oorreetly  j^tcd,  wcmlcl  iiull4-al<'  fipcH-ilH'  HPj>aratIon  for  our  Apeclmeu.  Tbo  jaltfr  does  not 
posMU  k  iwlr  of  lout;  Imrlx-U  ut  Dio  rhju.  bnt  Iiah  otlu-ra.  not  nieuliuneil,  nbuvo  cyu  unl 
nlouij  niargia  of  preopercle.  The  i«nlK>rliital  nlay  ilo<>»  not  posMsa  2  »lro»g  iipwanlly 
direct  apiDiw  buliiiiil  nyr.  bnt  It  in  tliirkly  Iwmtwilh  n  uiublHirof  crowded  smaller  apinoa. 
Tlie  niaxillary  ix  <;iin(aiuiii  'i  (Imvii,  uot  11),  iu  bviiil.  A  (ll*tiiirt  slit  vxJst«1»'bln<l  funrtli 
gill  nrcli.  The  origin  uf  tlw  tii>in«un  dumnl  in  iitMire  i»iddl«  iif  oprrele,  not  ovi:r  ita  po*' 
toriur  [Hirllun  uh  atntvU  in  tbc  iltwrriptlon.  Tlic  lower  jiortloo  nf  pectomi  flu  has  itt  raya 
t'flry  much  cxavrtcyd  uiid  jtuiuvwUat  pniduied,  n  point  nut  meuiionnl  by  Klgentniuia." 

(akxij,  tbe  »ilk,  frmu  tb»  pr«oporcular  spioe;  eidos,  reserablauce. ) 

2208.  AU'lDK.t  THfUURM  (Gilbert). 

Head  3< ;  liciitli  7;  eyo  3j  in  hi'ud ;  snout  H.  D.  XIII.  19;  A.  23;  P.  16; 
V.  I.  5;  |ii>reH  in  luteml  Jlrin  4'A  or  -It;  branrliiogtofinla  R.  JSody  very 
slfiiiier  ami  eloiij;nff,  the  ventral  line  straight,  tlto  rlorsul  <mtliue  descoixl- 
ing  rB]iidiy  forward  tn  tbe  «lemb*r,  sharp  snout,  and  dcrliiiiiijj  very  gently 
backward  to  tlie  ritmp:iratively  thmi  and  cotiipresaed  caudal  peduncle. 
Hndy  bij^best  at  tlici  Bboulders,  cninprcBBod,  fvery  wbere  deeper  tlnm  wide; 
length  nf  caudal  pediiiirle  |  its  lengtli  from  ba*e  of  lant  doisal  ray.  Head 
iijirrnw,  its  greatrat  iviiltb  oijiiiiling  itadcptb,  its  profile  convex  above  the 
itri/its.  Mniith  iieiirly  hort/untul,  the  maxillary  reai'LLiiga  vertical  midway 
hotwi'cn  front  of  oyo  and  fiuiit  of  pupil,  2J  iii  head.  Teeth  cnrdifonit,  in 
rather  broad  buiida  on  jawg,  vntner,  and  pajatiuca.  Snout  Hlightty  greater 
than  Ifiigth  of  eye.  Supraorbital  riin  greatly  elevated,  tbo  interorbital 
Bpace  a  deep  narrow  groove,  with  a  pair  of  low,  rounded,  Ifngtbwiao  ridges 
»long  il8  lloor;  inturorbital  width  UJ  in  dinmotcr  of  orbit;  anterior  half  of 
Bupraorldtal  ritu  hiuooIIi,  posteriorly  beset  with  crowded  clusters  of  short, 
strong  spines,  occupying  the  upper  ptiaterior  qnadraiit  of  the  orbital  rim; 
3  of  these  spines,  aoicewhat  larger  than  the  others,  lie  1  on  either  side,  the 
other  in  front  of  the  siigiraurbital  cirrua;  upper  iiiarglii  of  suborbital  stay 
contiiiuoiiH  with  that  of  |»rcorhitul,  elevated  to  form  a  thin  knife-like 
creat,  which  is  irregularly  sernito  with  short  spinous  teeth,  th<?  anterior 
the  largest;  between  thia  ridge  and  tbo  oye  liea  n  deep,  narrow  groove;  a 
Htrong  iiostocnlar  spine  directcil  haakward,  followwl  after  uti  interval  by 
2  HJtnilar  fljiines  on  occiput,  the  2  series  thns  formed  diverging  backward; 
nasal  spines  very  strongly  developer!;  upper  edge  of  the  i>ost©ro-teinpor»l 
mlnntely  serrated;  in  advance  of  thi«  a  series  of  H  spines,  parallel  with 
tbo  occipital  series,  the  posterior  one  remote  from  the  two  anterior;  oper- 
ele  unarmed;  prcoperclo  with  S  simple,  Htrong  spines  directed  backward, 
the  middle  one  on  a  line  with  suborbital  stay  and  ttlightly  the  longest,  its 
length  }  diameter  of  pupil.  |{r»7ichiostegal  inetubranes  liroadly  united, 
free  from  the  isthuiu*  for  its  entire  width.  Gills  3^,  a  distinct  and  coiu- 
piiratively  long  slit  buliind  thts  fourth  arch;  gill  rakor.-i  undeveloped, 
tnljerrular.  Hody  covered  with  Bletoler,  short,  villifonii  prickles,  which 
leave  only  a  very  narrow  naked  stiip  along  baso  of  anal,  and  coiitiiuiona 
over  the  dorsal  series  of  plates,  reaching  the  base  of  the  dorsal  lias;  a  uar> 


J 


roTT  band  of  priclilea  in  axil  of  pectimda,  behind  this  a  wide  naked  nrw 
extending  downward  and   backward  to   behind  ba«e  of  Tentrals,   tb(>  3 
areas  separated  by  a  narrow  mesial  band  of  prickles  on   belly ;  siiuilar 
prirklee  cover  coiitiiinonsly  the  occiput,  tbe  opercles,  and  the  portion  ot 
cheeks  and  preopercles  which  lie  above  suborbital  stay;  a  narrow  length- 
wise baud  of  jtricVles  on  <hcfk    below  suborbital  stay,  the  lower  side  of 
head  tofrether  with  snout  and  inteorbital  region  otherwise  naked  ;  a  seric* 
of  S4  brond  plates  along  oui'li  side  of  dorHal  fins,  extending  from  the  nape  to 
the  middle  of  caudal  peduncle:  oacli  plate  transversely  an  jrnlatod,  tLeout«T 
lialf  directed  outward  and   downward,  tbe   inner  half  nearly  horizon- 
tal  inward,    the  unglo  bearing'  »  very  strong,  conipressfMl,  backw-ardly 
hooked  spine;  the  dorsal  liu.s  thus  i>ccu]iy  tbe  middle  of  a  flat  dorsal  strip, 
bounded  by  the2  8eriesof  spines;  a  imuibcr  of  enlnrKed  spine-like  prickles 
accompany  tbe  lateral  line,  each  pore  of  which  lies  in  the  axil  of  one  such; 
anteriorly,  these  prickles  are  arranged  somewhat  definitely  in  pairs,  '2  to 
each  pore,  but  tbi*  arrangement  is  lost  posteriorly ;  a  series  of  enlarged 
prickles  is  placed  convexly  at  baae  of  candal  fin ;  the  upper  unmoilitied 
rays  of  the  pectoral  fin,  and  all  rnys  of  dorsal  and  candal  fins,  accompa- 
nied by  sericH  of  prickles;  other  tins  and  tliickened  pertorul  rays  smooth, 
liody  without  filaments.     Ko  liHrbols  at  chin  nor  on  mandible  elsewhere. 
A  slender  tentacle,-paluiated  at  tip,  above  posterior  i>ortion  of  orbit,  its 
length  slightly  lew  than  diameter  of  pujiil.     A  sleiMlrr  branched  tentacle 
near  base  of  middle  and  lowermost  preopercular  spincH.  and  n  simple  one 
at  an  eiiital  di8t:ince  below  them;  a  similar  broadly  jialniated  tentacle  <in 
I'beek,  behind  end  nf  maxillary,  lost  on  1  side  in  onr  specimen,  but  tbe 
scar  apparent.     iJnrsal  tins  separate,  the  membrane  from  last  spine  join- 
ing base  of  first  *«ft  r:iy ;  spines  very  slender,  tbe  sistli  the  longest,  '2i  in 
bend,  very  slightly  nhorter  than  the  soft  r:»ys;  b-ise  of  spinous  dorsal  Ij^  in 
bead,  of  soft  dor»;il  2i  iu  length  of  head  and  body;  fVont  of  ana]  tinder 
twelfth  dorsal  Hpine,  the  longest  ray  i  head,  the  length  of  the  base  slightly 
less  than  4  head  nnd  boily;  candal  rounded,  IJ  in  head;  tbe  Inner  ti  pec- 
toral rays  Bim]ple,  tbifkened,  exsertcd,  tbe  membranes  very  deeply  incised, 
tbe  npper  3  longer  than  the  branched  rays  above,  tbe  longest  extending 
to  opptisite  tifth  anal  ray  ;  vcntrnls  bro»<l,  the  inner  rays  shorter  than  the 
outer,  which  extend   to  opposite  second  anal  ray.     Color  in  life,  light 
olivaeeonH,  with  I  brown  cross  bands,  1  under  spinous  dorsal,  3  nnder  soft 
dorsal;  a  aeries  off)  raiindiKh  dnHky  spots  along  ndildle  of  sides  below 
lateral  line;   back  and  sides  with  BUiall  golden  Apnts  and  streaks;  a  dis- 
tinct serien  of  round  blue  spots  above  latnral  Hue,  nnd  some  scattered 
blue  spots  and  blotches  on  back  an<i  head;  iriti  gret^n  and  du^^ky;  spiuoits 
dorsal  light  green,  crossed  by  narrow  yellow  lines;  soft  dorsal  transla- 
cent,  sha<led  with  r«'ddi.«(b  iiiid   bluish;  vcntruls  tran.tlacent,  posteriorly 
greenish,  with  white  pigment;  pectoralM  trjinRlncent,  the  rays  crossed  with 
rediUah  nnd  greenish  bars,  which  are  little  cnnspicuniis ;  supraorbital  cir- 
rus green:  preopercnbir  cirri  white.     Coast  of  Oregon  (Gilbert);  1  speci- 
men, 1R5  mm.  long,  dredged  in  "."ifathnms.     (Named  for  Dr.  Wilbur  Wilson 
Tbobnrn,  in  recognition  of  his  work  on  the  CnlUtUt,) 


I'arietliititt  tholnirui  Cln.nBar,  Rept.  U.  S.  Kisli  Cmum.  18US(IMW(,  «:1J 
OrcKon,  in  js  fathomi,  at  Aibatrosi  Station  3350.     (Coll.  Gilbert.) 


pL  30,  coast  ol 


Jordan  and  Evertnann 


706.  SCORPjENICHTHYS,  Girnrd. 


Sfirrpantiebtkyt,  RlRABti.  Pn 


(CAllKZO.NKt^.) 
Ar.  Nat.Sci.  T'liil*.  J*>4,  IS!  {mnrmnratu*). 


Horty  rathf^r  robust,  covered  with  Rinonih,  thick  akin.  Ilrad  larKe, 
Boniewhat  cojiipreRsod,  its  upper  siirfiicc  rugose;  niontli  rather  large,  with 
villifortu  U'oth  i>ii  .iinv»,  viuiior,  ninl  paiiititioi*;  jjill  iiieiiihraiKw  liroiully 
iiuiteil,  fr<>o  fr<nii  tin*  isfhmiis;  iv  liirgo  slit  bnhind  fourth  f;jll;  ])reoppr- 
riilitr  HpiiioN  Hmiill,  siniple;  f^piimuH  <liirsa1  lon^,  scarcely  emart^inato,  luit 
ftlightly  (loprcssed  near  its  niidill*^,  tlio  iirst  4  spini^H  shorter  thnn  thone 
imriipdiatfily  following ;  veiitml  linslarK*-,  1,  5.  Si/.o  larHO.  racilio  (k*an. 
A  well-marked  geuus  distingiiitihfd  iroin  ita  allies  by  its  porfect  vtsntrals. 
{SxoplCioi,  OHopiiaira,  Bcorpii'na;  ix^^^'i,  Hsli.) 

9279.  SCWBPJi.MrHTirTK  NARNItRATI'H  (AyT««). 

(Caiiczcin.I 

Head  2f!;  depth  SK;  eye  5\.  I).  XI.  IS;  A.  12;  P.  la;  V.  I,  5;  latfral 
lines  (p«M'8)  W;  I'.  IJ;  C.  Ij;  vcrtelirn' 15  +  -1 -~  •^-  Tnp  of  Lead  rugose, 
without  spiui'H;  intororliitsil  .ipaio  eoiicavc,  narrriw<;r  tliim  tin- large  eye; 
n  lloshy  flap  011  iiilddlo  of  snout,  and  1  on  end  of  maxillary;  snporciliary 
cirri  largo;  Jiiore  than  J  diameter  of  orUit,  laciniate;  up]>or  iireopereular 
npiii«  Hliort,  tttraight,  iilioiit  k  di:inK<>t«r  of  cyo;  Niiborhital  Hlay  very  broad ; 
nmNillury  i-xteuilini;  tn  beyond  eyo.  First  4  wjiincs  of  dorsal  8ubt<:i|n3l, 
Rhortcr  than  tii«  til'th;  dorsal  lin»  st-an-ely  couueoteil  at  bajsci;  pectorals 
shortish,  not  reaching  iiiuil;  Hkin  thick  aud  Icuthtry,  without  prickli^Ror 
oirri.  Larval  specimens  !  tn  '2  inches  Innn  are  smooth,  silvery,  and  tom- 
prosBfid,  luokiiigtjiiite  unlike  thi«  adult,  the  nuuiher  of  ventral  rays  readily 
distinguiwhing  them  from  othur  yoiiug  sculpius,  Olivo  bnnvji,  thickly 
mottled  with  dark  blotches  and  light  spots,  and  reticulated  with  different 
shades  of  green  aud  brown;  sides  with  5  irregular,  dark,  vertical  blotches, 
of  which  1!  are  under  each  dorsal  and  extend  on  the  lias;  belly  livid  bluish 
or  green,  reticulated  with  olivo;  the  ground  color  exceedingly  variablo, 
ranging  from  cherry  red  to  green;  lips  blotched  with  white;  tins  all  more 
or  less  barred;  llcsh  and  mendiranes  livid  bltiish,  the  coloration  of  thti 
flesh  variable,  like  that  of  Ophimioii  ihm<i<tiit».  Length  30  inches.  Hero 
described  from  a  spocimeu  10  inches  in  length,  from  .'^an  Franci.'<co.  Pngot 
Kouiid  to  San  Diego;  verj'  abundant;  iiseil  for  foo<l,  but  coarse  and  tough. 
The  largest  of  the  CoUidtr,  reaching  a  weight  of  20  to  2.">  pountls.  Com- 
mon in  the  markets,  but  not  esteemed  as  food,     (nwrmorulut,  marbled.) 

ncmHriptrrut  marmoratiu,  Ar»K8,  rroc. Cftl.  Ac. Sci.  1854, 4,  San  Francisco;  GiRARD, T7. 
8. 1'ac.  K.l{.  »aTv.,  FUhoa,  x,  M,  1858:  G0]n'lix&,  Cat., n,  154,  ISWi  Jobda;*  Si  Gtiumtfr, 
Synopais,  718,  18«t. 

707.  CHITONOTUS,  Lockington. 
ChilonoluM,  LocKraoTON,  I>roc.  CS.  Kat. Mns.  1881. 141  {mrgaeqtltalvth 

Body  elongate,  its  npper  part,  except  nlong  base  r)f  dorsal,  covered  with 
suimll,   very  rough  ^oales;   preopeiclu  with  11   Jung  spine  armed  with  3 


* 


1890         Dullelin  4.J.  United  States  National  Musettm. 


antler-like  procoasea  iiltove.  Aufil  pnpilli*  of  m«U'  exoesaively  deveJ- 
oped,  with  )L  tnlmlai  tilaiiiont.  First  <1<iih;i1  divided  into  2  portionA,  the 
imtorior  the  shorter,  its  front  8(iin<?  elevated.  Latcrnl  line  armed  with  a 
Herieo  of  keeled  srales,  toothed  ou  the  keel  uiid  nn  binder  mnrKui.  Other 
ckitruoti>rH  iia  in  .Irtrtliun,  the  Iimly  more  8luiider,  aud  the  aoules  roaghrr. 
{firioy,  chitou,  a  tuuic;  t'ujrai,  back.) 


M71.  rillTO?!OTUN  f  r(lKTi:XKtN  <Steind«etinor). 

Head  ."*;  depth  5.     1).  III-VII.IS;  A.  14;  r-ye  3i  In  bead;  maxillary  2; 

first  dorsnl  spifie  l|i;  pectonds  llf;  ventruls  IJ;  cnndal  IJ.  Body  mod- 
erntcly  sli'udcr,  robust  .iiileridrly,  tnpcrinif  into  a  slender  caudn]  pe- 
duncle; mouth  larjjc,  ititixillury  reaching  to  lielow  poHterior  margin  iif 
pupil;  t<-«'tli  in  Uiirnivv  villifotin  liand.-*  on  jii.w.s,  vninrr,  and  piilatinea;  2 
piiirhof  Mmiill  spi  Ill's. jiiHt  liiuk  of  i<yeH,  nnd  ix  p:iir  ut  <ircipiit ;  na.s]i1  xpinc'Jt 
mndiMiif^' ;  pri'apiT*  1p  with  iv  l!»r>j<<  prnccsH  vrirli  3  tipw;ird-<nrt'ct««l  spiufw, 
and  t^ndiii;{  in  I  hori/.ontii!  om«;  !)  spine«  below  it,  the  upper  one  directed 
bfu'kwanl-downwiird,  the  2  lower  on«*8  forward-downwAfil ;  iiit«i-urbit«J 
Hpsio'  vt"ry  narrow,  lens  than  i  of  pupil.  Top  of  licnd  to  in  front  of  cyc« 
closely  wriiled  witli  HtTiniRly  ctenoid  sealefi;  a  row  of  qnadratc  plut<<i>>  along 
lutcnil  litio,  thi-ir  upper  imd  piwlerior  odgns  stroujily  userrut*',  lowei- 
iinil  iinlerior  e<l>;('H  enibi'dded,  alxivo  th<<»c  the  baek  evenly  coviTed  with  d 
belt  of  et«fii>iil  HriiK'H  in  .'i  or  fi  series;  a  niirrow  spiiee  lielnw  dorxiil;  liody 
l«>Uiw  liiteral  line  iiiiketl,  Fiixt  dornal  npini)  elongate.  rei(ehin)»  to  the 
b;M»e  (if  thr  next  ti>  tin-  Isi.-*!  spine,  it.s  li'nj;tl>  ipiite  vitriablc,  the  first  3 
spiiie-H  sepiUiiled  froni  lUe  rent  of  the  (in  by  a  deep  noteli,  tlie  thinl  ivpine 
Minuter  tliiiu  llie  fniirJli;  ])ei-tor:>ls  reachin^j  p;iM  front  of  iinal;  ventrali* 
loiij;  and  ttlender,  inniTted  sliKlitly  behind  I)uki>  of  pectoral,  their  tips 
Mriircely  reiirliinj;  to  vent.  Color  pule  olivaeeoiis,  with  indications  of 
d;«rk  eros-s  burs  above;  lower  parts  white;  pectimil,  dor!<al,  and  eandal 
with  diirk  eross  liars;  ventrals  ami  iiii.i)  white;  tip  nf  Kuont  dark;  .t  ilurk 
bloteh  at  base  of  caudal.  Length  6  inehes.  Puf;«>t  ,Soand  to  San  Pnin- 
ciseo;  not  rare  in  wati-rs  «if  aroderat«-  depth.  Here  described  frtim  n  spoc- 
inien  from  Puj;et  Sound,  4  inches  in  length.  Speeimeiis  from  off  San 
Frandseo  (mviinrrphalnt'}  have  the  first  dorsal  spine  nsnally  higher,  the 


*  The  foltowlni;  ia  a  deoiTlplinn  of  a  upvcimcn  froin  off  I'oiiit  Rcvm.  tvp''  •'  "<■  <"''■■'•>- 

nutiu  iiUiiaetphatiit.    lt<-iid  2J  ^  ilcpth  TiJ.   U.  II  t-VII,  l.'j;  A.  15:  V.  1,  ;*:  ».  i  ■       ,, 

faikirorin:    lieiid  loiii:.  <<.vi'»  Inrgc,  separatMl  liy  n  very  iiiiiTOw.  nlielitly  ■  r 

orbital  «|iaM<:  inoiitU  luf|,'«,  ihi'  ma&ilUiry  cixt<'Ddlii|!  io iMislcrior  lionlcr <>r i  '  Ir 

witli  n  utroiic  prootsH  nriinyl  vritli  3  ur  4  ujiwurJ  •lirvcttxl  iiml  1  lioriionnil  u 

tliiH  3  iitlihr  HpiiiQH;  '2  ur  ■'{  «ip;iii!H  rluHO  Ih'IiIikI  <^y4^  on  cjii-b  miiIi^:  -  iK'^-ipit.d  r  r^ 

hi  ApiiieH.  ttiA  Kpucd  Ixitwi^'n  t lifUi  coui-uve ;  tiip  of  Iti^il,  inUkrorular  »,.;>..  ,.^ 

fiart  of  ciiwroli',  aikI  ii  uarrnw  Iwlt  clow  umliT  thv  eyo  cuvcrcil  willi  r'  il 
Inr  with  a  nerii-H  iir  i|iiii<SniU!  plitt«!i,  tlieir  upper  anil  puHlei'itirixliri'H  - 

hiwiT  ttiid  uitt<-ri>ir  e(1;;r.4  «iiilwilfl«Hl ;  alHivf  tlit^flr  ihn  Iwdk  evt^ily  rij-. .....  r 

IMrjileN.  Ihi'  lowL>r:iiiil  uijU<rlor  jkar't  of  i'ftch  acailc  riiilioibl<'<l,  iiiid  tlie  iip|ivr  •  v 

t4>olhpd:  ^  t4]  H  riiws  of  ihmi-  hcoIi'M:    n  iijirrow   nakwl  area  at  Iihhc  of  it..:  ^] 

apluoa  alnoiier,  tbo  HrHt  iiBiinlly  Ioiikit  thiin  hfail.  roacliiiiK  patit.  front  <'t  .".  -  i, 

depreaaoil;  tbe>csx>D(l  ami  tbird  •uinf*  pruvroMivi'l^  nbortcoc'd .  the  '  n 
thrn],  the  membrane  bpiwi-sn  ihir»l  ami  fourlh  diM'ply  oniHruiDure:  ■ 

IKH-tornla  reachiiiirpiwt  front  of  .Tiial:  v«iilnili<  to  vfiit :  anal  (uipllla  ...  ...  _ u- 

npicuiiun  cirri,     (^jfor  pair  olfv.iroou'*  witli  darker  cross  barn,  Hub  In  tht'  luntv  lilackii*h; 
vpiilrsla  and   anal    whilinh.    iinionrlci-il:   pyn  dunky  aliovK.     I.a.tictli  6   inrlica.     l)tl  .Saa 

FnincUco,  In  Uevp  wat«ri  tiikcu  ia  6wceii  ueta  (parranstlU)  olT  i>rake  Bay  anil  I'uint 
R«yea. 


Jordan  and  Evcrtnann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1S91 


1>o<]y  ^lrt^^  s1(»nc1f  r.    Thow  rharact-era  arw  variable,  unil  spccimcus  from 
the  Ort'icoii  coast  Khow  various  ijif<<rKrmlulion». 

Arititiut  fivntUmni.  Sniin)ArHNRli,  liihlli.  Bfltrttire,  v,  t»3,  pi.  U,  tig.  2,  187B.  Puget 
Sound,  Fox  Island  near  SteiUcoom,  Port  Townscnd,  and  Srd  Francisco.  (Cull. 
Stpliidnclinpr  )• 

rhilimoluii  Mfffiutiihalui,  Lockikoton,  ProcU.  S.Nat.  Uua,  1881,111,  off  San  Francisco, 
(troll.  W.  N.  Ln<'khiKt(iii.» 

Irtlilt  Jirujffnurit.  .TiiltOAN  ii.  (jlLHXRT,  RyDopaU.  102,  tilKI. 

lertiis  mfgaei^ihal lit.  .IiiiinvN  &  GlLnERT.  Syno|iaia,  003,  1883. 

Chitviivtut pujjcitiitit.  .Jordan  d:  STARK.H,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Soi.  iaili5, 8US. 

708.  TARANDICHTHYS,  Jonlan  &  Evennann. 
Tarandiehrhyt,  JoasAS  &  KwuiAJni,  Proo.  Cat  Ac.  Sci.  180S,  22S  (JHami^itojnu). 

This  RPTins  id  ring."  to  fcfUnun,  from  wliicb  it  diffi-rs  in  tli«  prt-Rcnc*'  of 
bony  plali'8  bi'liind  tho  axil,  ami  in  LavinK  1  orniori'  of  tbi>  Uorital  apint-R 
protlncfd  ill  tilniiK'ntN,  tlii'tu<  HpiTially  <1i-vi-1oi>m1  iti  tb<>  tnaW<.  Tbrro  or  4 
pn'opcrciilar spinrs,  thr  iippor  one  titrong  and  widely  bninchcd.  Tbc  dorsal 
band  of  plutcs  in  loss  complet*'  than  in  /cefinHa.  Dofp  wat<T  of  the  North 
Pacitin.     (rdpavSoc,  rt-indeer,  fruia  thu  ant1er-lil(««  epini's;  ix'ivi,  tiah.) 

a.  Occfpnt  with  a  prt-lilcc  deprouion ;  na«uil,  2  poetociilar,  and  wclpilal  eplDM,  atronglj 
doTKlopod:  flnit  2  ilnrs«l  aplnna  ninmrntniiH  in  tliodiuilo;  poxtujcillary  platoa 
preacnt :  rtoraal  Mrics  of  plat<>«  n^umtly  rroobiug  end  of  solt  domul. 

CAVirBON8,2373, 

Mr,  Oodpnt  with  ni>pii'l<1(«  (|cpr«^«lnn. 

I>.  First  2  ilurnal  spines  llliiuiunloiis,  about  equally  prodncnl;  doraai  aerim  of 

plau«  uinrli  limeiT  than  hi<uil,  riiictiiiiK  «nd  of  xoft  dorsal g  ptMtaxUUry 

plat«?«  prtwDt;  iinaiil  nUnuMit  prmt-nt.  FJLAXKjrroen*.  2273. 

W.  Fint  donal  Hpinc  filanuntoiiit.  the  Mvnnd  little,   IT  at  nil,  produnrd:  clnrnal 

Aoriiii  nl  pUu»i  iikiiiUIy  shurtcr  tliiin  Load,  nut  rraching  middle  of  soil 

dursal;  no  DAsnl  fllaiuflut:  paataxillac7  plat«a  preaent.  ni(tn«,3274, 

22TS.  TABAXDICIITHTS  f'ATlFBOXS  <rrllbort). 

npad2Jto3;  dfpth4i;  .ye  ;U  in  b.-ail;  snont  3^.  D.  X,  14orl5:  A.  12 
or  13;  lateral  liui-  ;i8.  Hody  nut  slender:  depth  of  eandnl  peduuch'  aboat 
i  ita  length.  Mouth  sniull ;  msixillary  reaohiiij»  but  little  beyond  front  of 
pupil,  2f  to  3  in  head;  inU'rorbital  spare  narrow,  ^oove-like,  itti  wiiUh 
\  diain*it<3r  of  pupil ;  naaa]  spines  very  atrong,  luore  than  \  width  of  pnpil, 
without  Klaueut;  anpraorbital  ridge  I'nding  alMtve  posterior  niar^in  of 
orbit  in  a  strong  epiue  ua  large  as  that  on  naaal  bone;  by  the  side  of  this, 
behind  tho  6ye.  another  equally  strong;  behind  theae  apinea  the  outline  is 
anddenly  broken  by  a  dei-p  eireular  pit.  a»  lar^e  an  pnpil,  lioiinded  lat^T- 
ftlly  and  poetn-riorly  by  the  short  occipital  ridp'.t:  occipital  apinea  Mtroiig; 
anpraorbital  Hap  well  developed;  no  other  conHpieuoii<i  tilann'nta  iu  our 
xpi'ciiiienB;  upper  preopercnlar  spine  atron^,  {  dian)i-t«T  of  orbit,  with  1 
procexw  diri'ct«>d  backward  »nd  3  to  b  npward,  the  u.'^ual  3  8pinr.<i  below 
thia;  a  spinona  point  at  lower  angle  of  anbopercle,  and  a  ohort  sjiiae  on 


*  "  Komnt  Id  ichr  jiroaaw  M«oe«  im  Piisvt  Snada  bel  dar  Fox  Inaal.  uicbst  StniLarooni, 
lM<i  Puii  ToYmiM'ud.  rii<l  HnIt«iir<rTH>i  San  Froneisoovur  and  Ulchl  ImOctoborao  aviclilmi 
aandlisoD  UberateUen."     (Steiudaclmur). 


1893  bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


shoulder.  I'orsal  «<-rif8  of  im.'»U'B  rsitlicr  short,  longer  than  li<>a<1,  ext«'Dd- 
ijig  from  f»ppoBit<*  fiftli  darsal  spine  to  bMi>  of  third  to  lust  r»y  of  soft  dor- 
8ul,  thiu  scrira  ii»u:illy  ln'coiiiiug  siug)i>  for  a  Hhort  distaiico  postt^norly, 
aud  I'ODtatiiliig  nbutit  1'.^  in  n  stTit-s;  a  few  scattered  »pinouA  plat<^a  bithiod 
axil  "f  pt'ctoriilg;  the  2  aiiti-rior  dora:il  spini-s  fi  lam  in  tons  in  males,  not 
ili-vat<'d  in  f'emali-8,  in  mir  sjucintens  esti-nding,  wheu  elcvati'd,  to  mid- 
dh' of  «oft  dorsal,  ({round  color  vary iujf  with  siirronuding*  from  olivo* 
C.-OII8  to  hrifflit  coral  red;  ii  linmd  black  bur  below  cj-e,  aud  \  across  back; 
I  nndiT  BpinoriR  dorRul,  2  under  soft,  dorsal,  and  t  aorosii  caudal  peduntde; 
belly  'n'liibo,  the  <lark  bnrfl  encroaching  on  region  below  lat^'ral  line;  iuale« 
darker  tlian  females,  with  Mack  piiiictidations  covering  Hides  and  below; 
the  br.mcliio.^tegal  meiiibrane.H,  llie  lower  j  of  pectoral.s,  tho  Tenti-als.  and 
anal  black;  spinous  dorxal  imgularly  blotched  or  mottled  with  Mark; 
soft  dorsal,  eaiidal,  aud  tiTiuiiial  portioQ  of  pectorals  (in  females)  with 
dark  crosH  bars.  Length  Si(  inches.  Coast  of  aciuthcm  California;  nn- 
meroas spcoiniens  obtjiiucd  by  tho  Alhatront  in 44  and  30  fathoms.  (Gilbert-. ) 
(cartM,  concave;  front,  forehead.) 

IteHnuK  cavijfunt.  On  iikkt,  Croc.  l^.S.  Nat.  Mux.  1800,83,  olT  Santa  Barbara  Islands,  al 
Albatross  Stations  1907  and  3945,  in  ^^  and  30  lathoms,     (Xy])0  No.  MW6.) 


«27S.  T  KAXDirnTnrS  FILAMESTORrS  (Omwrt). 

Hea<i  2?;  depth  4^  t^)  4};  eye  4}  in  bca^l.  D.  X-16  or  17;  A.  14  or  15. 
Body  Hhtiped  a8  in  Icrlinun  ijuadriirrintitg,  1int<  liravit^r;  randal  ptHlniielc 
J-  diameter  «tf  orbit;  mouth  Nmall,  miixilbiry  not  reaching  Vertiiwil  from 
middle  of  pupil,  2}  in  lieiid,  Teeth  in  broad  bands  on  jiiw«,  vomer,  and 
pabitineH.  interorbitiil  npace  not  niivro'W.  grooved,  its  width  more  than 
{  dnunol4'r  of  orbit;  pieopcrciilitf  npine  Hiroiig.  J  <liameter  of  orbit,  with  a 
islioit  tcniniiiil  point  and  3  or  4  strong  ii(iwardly  direuted  barbs,  curved 
Klightly  forwiiid ;  below  this  3  short  simple  H|drifs  directed  down waril, 
and  ilitwiiward  iinil  fifrward;  nasal  npiiuM  titrong,  occiput  with  a  broarlly 
rouiidi'tl  ridge,  ending  behind  in  a  rather  blunt  point ;  no  pit  behind  eyeu; 
int  other  spiucH  on  lu'iul,  (Jill  nieinbriine.'*  broailly  joined,  free  from  iitth- 
muM.  A  ximplo  Hteniler  (iluitiiMit  at  ba.se  of  ua-sal  spine,  a  conspicuous  one 
on  tip  of  tiiaxillary,  2  on  occipital  ridge.  3  on  preopcrcnlar  margin,  an 
locuospicuoTiH  one  near  base  of  opercular  Hap;  a  large  black  Kupraoeular 
lliip,  about  an  long  iu*  dianwter  of  pupil.  Biwly  armed  cfwentinlly  an  in 
<iuadriiieiiatiig;  the  upper  series  of  plii1.«'H  double  Ibrongliout,  beginning 
under  third  or  fonrtli  dorsal  spine  and  ternunating  nnder  l;»«t  dorsal  my, 
28  or  30  in  cncli  series;  36  or  37  platt's  in  lateral  line,  their  po.st.<-rior  bor- 
ders oeciusionally  with  a  slender  white  filiunent;  axil  of  pecturiil  with 
fro  1 1)  2  hi  6  Iialf-endieddeil  spinous  plates;  skin  otherwise  smcMtth.  Fins 
];jrge,  tlie  spinous  ilnrHul  wifli  (lie  first  2  r.iys  produced  into  long  slender 
iilnrnentN,  whtcli  reach  Iteyoiid  middle  of  soft  dorsal,  and  jire  much  longer 
than  head,  the  membrane  betwei-n  tlic'se  not  itieised,  and  they  are  not  w<p- 
aratxxl  from  test  of  fin  ;  dorsals  not  eiuiro'cted,  tlie  longest  ray  of  soft  <lor- 
snl  nearly  t  head;  jieeturals  not  long,  IJ  to  IJ  in  head;  ventrals  niHtiit 
i  hi»ad.    Olivaoooas  above,  white  below;  a  distant  black   blotch  under 


Jordan  and  Evennann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1893 


HpiiidUM  (Ittrsal,  1  or  2  ilifl'iim*  MwtcLos  iiiidi^r  nofr  tlorsal  aii<l  Hevoral  along 
Iiitenil  lim-;  IfccJitw  liit<>i-»l  liiu'  an  irr<>gtiliir  wrics  ot"  small  pfjirly  nputH, 
(iiiist  (liHtiiH't  sttit4<i'i<>rl,v  ;  ii  il:irk  bur  vorticully  rroKHiiig  ohr^-k  ;  ^xW  lurtn- 
liriiiit'K  dusky ;  pi-ctoruls  lilack  iit  buso  anil  on  lower  ruyH,  uppi-r  part  whiU', 
with  2  iiTi'^iilur  cros^  burn;  voutriil-s  (lut»ky ;  anal  whitf,  luarjiciui'il  witL 
black;  candul  \\'ith  a  ilufky  cro.sM  bur  at  baui;  unil  tip,  nit-Hially  wliiii>; 
iliirKalH  tniuslucMit,  narrowly  iHl^tHl  witb  blurk.auil  witli  narrow  obliqne, 
8t>un-wlia(  irregular,  tluHky  CIIMU4  barn.  Lcngtb  0  iuclnuf.  CiDiHt  of  Hiiiitb- 
i^rn  Culifoniia;  ttorcrAl  hpocluicnt*  obtainud  by  thu  AUxxlroM  in  145  aud  55 
fatlioms.     (Oilburt.)    (J\\nvivnlom»,  tlucad-like.) 

Utiinut  fi\iamn\lofu».  GUJirjiT,  Proc  T.  S.  Nat  Mom.  189u,85,  off  Saata  Barbara  Iilanda 

■t  Albatross  Stations  1B93  and  1959,  in  145  and  5;  fatlioaiB.     (T]'pe,  Nu.  44407) 
Taraitilii'lMiffijiiain'-nlonu.  JoRUjlM.  Proc.  C'lvl.  Ac.SuiI69<>,Z;2S,  pLZO. 

ttli.  TARAIinU'HTnVK  TKXDIS  (OUberl). 


Head  3i  to  3il ;  depth  5Ji  to  51 ;  ef&^  to  3!(  in  beail.  D.  X-17  to  111 ;  A. 
15  to  17.  liody  iilciidor,  t:iperiu|^  into  a  very  Hlendor  ciindal  pednncle, 
xvho6«  depth  is  lesw  than  ji  itei  len^tb,  and  i  diameter  of  orbit.  Eyelargn, 
longer  than  snont;  maxillary  reachinf;  slightly  beyond  middle  of  orbit, 
2k  in  head,  lianda  of  tveth  narrower  than  U!>ual,  pruaent  ou  jaws,  vomer, 
and  palatinca.  Interorbital  space  narrow,  i  diameter  of  pupil,  slightly 
concave  posteriorly,  the  ridges  converging  anteriorly  and  meeting  above 
front  of  pupil;  npper  preopercular  epiuo  sniuller,  about  an  long  n«  pupil, 
with  a  short,  terminal  process,  and  1'  or  3  npwardly  dircMt«<d  oiioh;  below 
thia  asimplo  H|iinv  din-it^Hl  backward,  and  2  diruvted  downward  and  for- 
ward; tiaanl  spinva  strong;  1'  strong  spines  behind  upper  edge  of  orbit, 
and  a  einglu  sharp  one  at  end  of  occipital  ridge;  occipital  region  gently 
concave;  no  pit  behind  eyes;  no  spine  on  opcrde  or  suborbital,  and  no 
dlNtinut  ttpinc  on  shoulder;  u  simple  black  dap  ou  upper  rim  of  orbit  pox- 
t4triorly;  no  otlit'r  fliipH  on  licud,  and  UHiially  none  on  plati'S  of  Literal 
line;  plates  of  lat<-ral  lino  su*  m  relnteil  specie*,  41  in  number;  diirMil 
HiTJi-H  of  ]ilateH  arranged  in  a  double  row  :m  UKUal,  liiit  vi^ry  short,  begin- 
ning under  ttfth  dorxal  opine  itnd  ending  under  tiixt  third  of  nuft  dorMkl, 
iitt  length  varying  from  .xliglilly  longer  than  lieatl  to  }  ilH  length,  double 
throughout;  »ide»  iiamedi;itely  behind  ji\il  of  pectorals  with  about  15 
plates  nimilar  U>  those  of  lateral  line,  but  smiiUer,  scattered  or  showing  a 
tendency  to  K'gular  arrnngitnieni ;  first  ray  of  spinous  dormvl  very  slender, 
flhuueutons,  varying  lu  length,  iu  iwlults  reaching  end  of  soft  dorsal,  the 
Second  spiuu  sometimes  sligtly  produced,  but  never  long;  the  2  dorxals 
entirely  diseonnectiHl,  the  height  of  soft  dorsal  i  or  4  length  of  heiu]; 
pectorals  long  in  mitles,  reaching  niiicli  beyond  front  of  anal,  as  long  :i« 
hettil;  ventriils  nearly  {  orbit.  Color  light  olivneeuus  above,  white  belnw, 
the  back  witb  1  bbiek  crossbars,  the  first  under  spinous  dorsal,  tlie  second 
and  third  under  ant^Tior  and  posterior  part*  of  soft  dorsal,  tlie  fonrtli  at 
buMc  of  caudal;  back  ami  sidex,  including  head,  witb  pearly  dot«  and 
lines;  those  on  upper  parts  frtviucntly  curved  and  margined  with  dark; 
spiuoua  doriMil  with  u  aiuiUl  dark  blotch  posteriorly,  and  sonic  dusky 


1894         Bulletin  /7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


luarkings;  .soft  ilHrwil  traiiflliioeiit,  with  limtiil  ohliqur  dusky  bam ;  raniLU 
witli  tln»  dusky  ba«iil  liar  imitinuwl  nii  tijipiT  iitid  Iowit  rays  at  lia»«»,  thv 
liaHiil  half  of  fin  traiitiliK'c-iit.  it.s  t<>nninnl  portion  with  2  or  H  1ihirkii>fa 
crcmBlmrs;  anal  liliick-cdfjcd  in  in.ilcs;  vi<utral  blnok  in  malcH;  buee  and 
l<)W<'r  half  of  pectoralM  liirui'ly  bluck  in  males,  thi>  fermirja]  portion  with 
pearly  ami  dusky  bars;  biiuu'liiotjfogal  mouibrantw  black  in  inulrs;  a 
broad  blai-k  bar  below  oyu.  Length  5^  iui-hes.  Conet  of  Bouthem  C«li> 
foniia,  in  rather  ib-rp  water.     (Gilbert.)     {trnui*.  ulcuder.) 

letlinui  trniiit,  (iiuiKRT,  Prm-.  U.  &  Nal.  Man.  MVX).  30.  ofTSanta  Barbara  tslanda, at  Atba 
troas  Stations  3893, 1946,  3959,  3977.  and  1983,  In  45  to  iso  fathoint.  (Tjpe^  IfObtSOM. 
CoU.  UUbcrt) 

709.  ICELINU8.  Jortlan. 

JetiinuJi.  JOBDAN,  Oat.  Flahes  N.  A.,  110, 1885  (<;i«adriiimahtf). 

Rody  slender,  little  coniprcssed;  nppcr  prooporcnlor  spine  long,  with 
to  5  biiuktjd  proecsaos  iiliine;  a  well  developed  series  of  Mpiuons  scalM  or 
pbiteM  itUnii:;  the  b»,e.k,  these  meeting  behind  dorsal;  another  aeries  along 
lateral  !in«;  no  plates  bKbind  tho  axil.  Three  or  4  pre«ipereular  spines. 
No  stit  behind  hutt  gill;  gill  menibrani>s  broadly  nuiteil,  free  from  the 
isthmus.  Teeth  on  voniur  and  palatines;  Hpiuous  dor8al  short,  without 
notch  ur  iilauients;  ventral  liiiH  Hniall,  I,  3.  Deeit  waters  off  the  coiist  of 
C'alifortna.  Size  small.  (Name  a.  iMuiinntive  (torn  Jcrlut/lHeXo^,  a  god  of 
sleep,  froiu  the  qaiea<;eiit  habit  of  thette  Northern  iisbea,) 

a.  XaJinl  tpntjicle  broail  auiI  palmate,  irtth  uurruw  sU^fn-Uke  twiae;  nasal,  2  |M>8toGiUar 

aii«l  uccipitjil  Hpii]t>  pn^ariit:  iiit<«roctilar  npat-r  alioiit  4    papil;    anpruuvalar  ttja- 

nisnt  nauaUy  flmlirUt«.    Ut'tul  'S^  in  li^uglh.  nxBRiATua,  337S. 

aa.  Naaal  tantacle  sinipln,  Hlvnder.     Eyn  titv  Inrgo;    interocular  space  very  narroir, 

•bout  }  pupil;  luaxillarj-  reaicliiiig  postrrinr  border  of  pupil;  no  poatuenlar  or 

oncipltAl  itpiiieH. 

It.  FnwiwrviilHr  Hpinu  moderate,  shurtrr  tbau  ryo;  h«ad  3|  in  Ipngtb:  eya  Imrft, 

8|  In  bfml.  oculatc»»  SW*. 

Ml.  Preapcrcular  spitiu  large, as  long  ■«  eye;  head  :}  iti  latigtb;  ^0  aiitall,4  ts 

bMd. 

BOKkAUt,  1S77. 
aaa.  Nasal  tentucio  oliaoixt*. 

e.  Uenil  flnmll,  ^  length:  interocnlnrapuvu  2)  in  pripil:  dorsal  Miriea  of  pUl«« 
luimlly  Inliirriiptiot  luiilrrpiiiiicriur  ru)-N  rif  sun  itonuil,  then  cuntiniiM 
un  lini'kut  I'liiiilal  |ledullcl•^;  ni>  iioHloculnr  Hpine .  nimiUiiniiocvipitaliipioea 
prtwout.  •ji'AUlitfGRlJtTCti.  JTJS. 

cc.  Heiul  lAi-};«r.  2^  ID  IcQjii^h;  dorsal  serlivt  of  jilateif  ronttttiioos,  tbo  aurias 
double,  oxetpt  fur  loot  6  or  D  wiales;  u  sburl  dunuol  (lap  iH'bind  eyo. 

•TSADo,  •am. 


22;.>.  ItELIMS  IIKBUIATIS,  (iilbert. 

Head  2}  to  2j ;  depth  4J;  eye  ;{;1  t..  ii  in  head.  D.X,  15  or  IB;  A.  12. 
Shape  itiiioh  att  iu  Jfeliniin  ijuadritierialiig.  Depth  uf  caudal  pedtittclo 
}  orbit.  Mouth  larger,  th«  maxillary  reaehing  beyond  middle  of  pupil, 
2j^  til  2\  in  bead;  t'Outh  as  uanal;  nnsal  Npinen  strong;  iuternrbital 
sjiace   nurruw,    grooved,    ^    length  of  pupil ;    preoperoular  apine  very 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1896 


be»vy,  Dliglitly  more  than  \  orbit,  with  a  terminal  loitth,  aud  3  up- 
wardly (lircrti'il  pruieases;  '-  Ulunt  HjiincA  behind  eye,  uud  nnother  at 
end  of  (ircipital  ridjj^e:  'A  prenpercular  siiiiies  b(<t<iw  the  main  une;  no 
distinct  spim-H  on  apervlo  or  Hhoiilder;  a  spine  nt  lower  )iiif;Ie  of  aob- 
opercle;  couspiououB,  ]iuIniu(o  t«ntnclos  on  uitsul  spiueti  and  ubovo  and 
behind  oyo;  licsides  tbcbe,  it  number  of  simple  or  dividod  filiitucnts  on  eyo- 
biill,  aci'i|iut,  preorbitiil,  inaxillar)',  itreupercle,  and  ahnig  liiteral  lint*,  tho 
latter  mostly  in  grnupa  of  3  to  ,^;  plat«!i  on  side  ua  in  related  apecicA,  36  to 
38  idoDg  lateral  line,  32  in  upper  dorsal  scriea;  th<>  dorsal  seriea  beenminK 
single  behind  dorsal  fln,  donble  ehiowheri-,  beginning  between  third  and 
fourth  dortial  spinoa;  no  x>l''<t«H  in  axil;  none  of  thv  dniHal  spines  lilamvn- 
toii8,  tho  middle  ones  the  longest,  tho  soft  rays  ntill  higher;  dorsal  fins 
wholly  Aoparatr;  veutrala  itmall,  about  j  diameter  of  orbit;  puctoruls 
short,  about  ^  Lea«1.  Color  ulivaccouH  above,  with  about  4  irregular 
black  biirs;  white  below;  midille  of  «td«s  black,  with  larner  or  amaller 
roundish  white  spots;  ]i])s  bliu>k,  orosHed  by  narrow  white  streaks; 
braurbiostegal  membranes  blockitih;  ventriilH  white,  other  tins  )ill  I'rotised 
with  oliliijue  or  vertiral  black  b.-irs;  spinous  dorHal  largely  black  ante- 
riorly and  at  tips  of  posterior  spines;  jiect'Orals  lai-^'^ly  bl.ick  on  bas.-il 
portion  ot  lower  rays;  barbels  white,  ex<-ei>t  tho  supraocular,  which  aro 
black.  Length  5M<iehes.  Oil' southern  C'alifuruia,  ia  rather  dee]i  water. 
(Gilbert.)     (fimbriatut,  fringed.) 

IcrliMUt  fiinhriatvt,  <>1Uiebt,  Vtoo.  V.S.  Nat.  Mus.  lHeu>7.  off  Santa  Barbara  Islands,  at 
Albatross  Stations  3893  and  397s,  in  14s  and  36  fathoma.     (TyiH-,  No.  4:1087.    Coll. 

UillKft.) 

fi7«.  UiEUyPM  OITLATCS,  GObert. 

Head  long,  2| ;  depth  5i ;  eye 3)  in  head;  snoatSif.  D. X,  15;  A,  14 ;  lat- 
eral line  3!l.  Boily  elongate,  tapering  rapidly  baekward  to  the  very  slen- 
der laudal  ]><'duncle,  whose  least  depth  is  '^i  in  its  length;  lower  profile 
■tratglit:  head  sharp  auteriurly,  the  occipital  ridge  blunt,  tli4<  iueludiMl 
apace  gently  concave,  not  pit-like;  eyi' very  large;  iiitemrbitcU  spiK'e  very 
narrow,  slightly  concave  posNTiorly,  with  a  median  ridge  in  front,  very 
strongly  ejcpauding  over  front  of  eye,  its  width  i  jiupil ;  mouth  large, ex- 
t«'iiding  beyond  vertieal  from  pupil,  2^  in  heiul;  fc-eth  in  rather  narrow 
bauds  in  jaws  and  on  vomer  and  palatines;  preo])<TCiilar  sjiiiie  rather 
Diuall,  in  the  single  specimen  known,  bitiil  at  tip  and  with  2  strong 
ttutler-like  processes  directed  upward,  th<-  ninnlier  varying  in  all  known 
species,  and  probably  normally  greater  than  2  in  tliis  spi-cies;  below 
this,  u  weak  spinous  projection  direct^-d  binkward,  .ind  2  stronger  ones 
downward  and  forward;  a  spinous  point  at  lower  angle  of  siiboju'rcle, 
none  on  occiput,  fhonldcr.  or  opercle:  branchiostegal  m>-uibriiiies.  gill 
nikerw,  anil  armature  <if  Midi'  as  tisniil,  the  ilorsal  series  of  phit»>s  nuu- 
anally  well  ileveloped,  ext'-uding  from  opposite  wrond  dorsal  spini-  to 
beyond  seeoml  dorNal,  where  the  srries  becomes  single,  those  of  thi-  two 
aides  closely  approximated;  no  seatt<Ted  pliil^'s  behind  pectoral.";  an 
(tIong»t«,  simple  Niiprnorhltal  llap,  u  lilanient  iu  cuuiieeiion  with  lutsal 
■ptne,  '2  uu  occipital  ridgt<,  and  1  un  otaxillary;  a  luw  lUamuuia  ou  pinbiii 


1896         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  NalicfuU  Afuseutn. 


uf  httiTttl  line;  uouu  of  the  dorsal  apinca  elovotiid;  p(<ctorals  reach- 
ing ali^lilly  l>oj-ouil  origin  of  aual.  Color  a-s  la  T,  tmiiin,  but  thi'  light 
uputa  on  u{iiH'r  parts  uf  liotly  not  clougate,  and  uot  dark  marKiaed:  uo 
euii8[>icaoiiH  dark  buT  Iji-low  orbit;  anal  iin  translucvnt  iu  the  epocunun 
horu  describcil,  a  feiualu.  Leugth  5}  iiu'h>>8.  Southern  Califomia;  1 
Bpi^citocu  kiiowu.     (Gilliort.)     (oettiufu*.  lurgi'-oyrd.) 

IcetiiiH*  uctiUUut,  GlUiSKT,  I'roc.  IT.  6.  Nut.  Miia.  1X941,  88,  off  Santa  Barbara  Uluids  at 
Albatross  Station  393$,  in  114  fathoms.    (CoU.  GilbuTt.) 


9977.  ICKLI.YVfi  BOBRIMS,  GUbert.. 

Hi'ad  2J ;  depth  4  J  to  54  ;  i-yc  1  iu  liead.  D.  IX  or  X.  16;  A- 13  or  14 ; 
16;  lateral  liar  3!f.  Vi'iy  aiuiiiur  to  inlinut  oculaliiti,  Init  iliHeriug  iu  tbo 
luge  a'u,o  of  the  prcoixTeuInr  spini-,  the  8iiiallt>r,  less  elliptical  eye,  the 
■wider  interorbital  space,  Ics.i  abruptly  oxpandiu};  autcriorly,  the  lower 
oceipitivl  rid;;eH,  anil  in  the  niiu'h  smaller  sizo.  liiidy  sleiKbir,  ta]><TLD^ 
rnpi<lly  buekwiiril  to  taiidiil  |iediini'le,  whoso  least  depth  is  3}  to  4J  iu  it« 
length;  heailli>ii<;,  etniiller  than  iu  IcvUnun  oculalu$;  oecipital  rid;:;e8  blanl, 
the  iaclnded  spat©  (iwitly  concave,  iii>t  j>it-!ike;  interorbital  8puco  wider 
than  iu  Ivilinna  oculatim,  not  distinctly  concave,  the  median  ridge  very 
faint,  the  width  about -t  iu  eye  (iu  undatUH  about  10  iu  eye);  supraocular 
and  oeeipitnl  ridges  ruj(o«e  or  iniuntely  pitted;  2  conspicuous  niocoat 
porejj  hebiud  oiveh  eye,  tbo  iiuterior  margins  often  elevated  to  form  a  spi- 
niMu  projeetioii;  month  liir^je,  extfliidiuf^  beyond  verticiil  from  pnpil,  Si' 
in  head;  teeth  iu  narrow  Imnda  on  jaws,  vomer,  and  palatines;  the  2 
auttrior  pores  1111  inaudible  open  together  at  symphysis  a.s  in  all  thi>  other 
»|«'cie8  of  th<'  j;©Ti lis  except  Irtliuiti  oivhitim,  where  they  open  separately, 
on  either  side  of  the  syniidiyHJ.s;  preopercular  spine  l:u-<;e,  about  ait  largtt 
as  eye,  with  I!  antler-like  jimcesses  direeti'd  upward;  below  thU  a  weak, 
spinous  itro,j<'etioti  directed  backward  (Wiiiiting  in  many  specimens),  and 
2  stroUKur  uues  downward  luid  forwiird;  a  spinous  jioint  at  the  lower 
anjL^le  of  HubopiTclu;  an  tiulistlivct  Hpinu  terminutint;  in  occipital  rid^O-*; 
armiitnre  of  aides  :is  in  /ci'/in»«  nr-Hfit^uji,  the  dorsal  series  of  plates  nxti'ud- 
in^  coutininiiisly  onto  the  back  of  caiidal  peduncle;  no  scattered  plutc* 
behind  peetorjil.H;  a  h)r}<;e,  rather  broad  supraorbital  d:ip,  bitid  or  trifld, 
or  ueeasioualiy  with  luoru  than  3  terminal  illuuients;  the  hui(;ht  of  tlap 
oi|ualH  or  .Hli;;]jtly  exieuds  diauieter  <jf  pupil ;  a  white  filament  near  tip  of 
luaxlUary;  2  ])airB  on  oceijiitid  lidges;  1,  uot  wholly  constant,  on  cheek 
ovcrlyin;j  suborbital  stay;  a  few  scattered  oce.s  acconip.-vnyiiiK  plata-s 
of  liiteriil  line;  none  uf  the  dorsal  spines  elevated;  pectoral  fins  reacb- 
iug  slightl}'  bi-yorxt  orij^in  of  anal.  Color  nliviiccou.s  above,  sides  of  head 
and  liody  vormiculaleil  and  blotehcil  with  olive  brown,  esjioeially  along 
middle  of  sideMj  white  below  nearly  to  lateral  line;  the  back  with  4 
black  cross  bars  as  in  hriinita  omlalmi;  »  diirk  blotch  <>u  cheek,  and  a  dark 
i^treuk  forward  froui  eye;  niembrjino  between  tlrst  2  spines  of  first  dor- 
sal dark:  usually  a  black  teiniinal  bar  posteriorly;  8e<'otid  dorsal,  pec- 
torals, and  caudal  with  I'aiut  (>bli<iUD  bars;  no  dusky  patch  at  base  of 
pectoral;  aual  tranalneent.    Length  2^  feet.    Alontian  Islands,  coikat  of 


4 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  Ameriia.     1897 


A]nak;>;*  iiiimi-riMis  Hjn-rimi'iiit  taken  both  imrtU  iiiul  sinitbof  tbf  Al«iitiiiii 
Isliktitls  utiil  ill  iirislol  It.-i;-,  in  38  ti»  5'J  r;iilii>uia.  n<illii'rt.)  (hunntia, 
iiurtboru.) 

Ittlinru  boreiitU.  (jLUiKin,  llvyt.  V.  !>.  Fish.  Coinin.  iw.i  i  ii-w.),  >[!>.  |il.  'i^.  Aleutian  Islands 
and  Bristol  Bay.  at  AlbatroM  Station*  3313.  3114,  and  othcri,  in  11  to  lai  fathoina. 


iilH.  UKMKl'N  qi'AimiHF.IUJlTl'N  (L«Mskint^OD). 

lli-ad  3i ;  tleptU 54.  D.  Vlll,  13 ;  A.  12 ;  V.  I,  3,  Uo.ly  slendKr,  littl.'  oom- 
|irt<B8<-(l,  t:ip<Tiiig  from  the  sboiildors  to  the  ali'iiiiiT  t:dl;  month  modtTiitc, 
till'  uiiixilliiry  ri':u'hiii;j;  abmit  U>  luidcllc  nf  pupil;  a  pair  of  riilK*'8  on  Ibo 
ooi'ipiit,  f.-ii'li  I'liiling  in  :i  Hpiiir,  Ihi'  Kpncr  iH'tWfM^n  tbuiii  ciniciivr;  iiil«'r- 
ovnliir  Bpiico  vrry  narrow,  groovcil;  uppir  iin'oprronlur  »piii«  very  lonji, 
iirmi'd  with  ubont  5  books,  all  but  1  iliri'rt>-it  iijiwiird;  b<-Iow  this  :t  aiiuple 
npinos;  b<':id  iiaki'd  or  v>'ry  nearly  »<>,  with  uoiispii-iiouu  lanconH  pori-s 
abovo  ami  u,  fi-w  uiiiinti-  cirri;  dorKiil  liim  yrpttriiti'd;  jx-otorala  broinl, 
about  rt<ai!hiiig  anul;  vrntrals  vi<ry  atnall;  liitoral  linr  with  a  H<<rii'8  of 
spinoim  pliiti-!<;  ubovc  it  alonj;  the  buok  a  dunlilt'  Mcrics  of  »piuinm  ]ilat<-a 
plnCi'il  at  an  :tligli',  tbr  nppi-i  plat<-.-4  with  tbo  fri-t*  i-dgi-  doNVnwaid  and 
backward,  tbo  Iowit  ]>lat<'s  with  rbi-  fn-r  cdni'  upward  and  backward, 
tlii8  bittnl  conipoHcd  of  a  8in)^l).<  ii<>riu8  b<<foiv  and  behind,  and  not  ext^'iid- 
iiig  iiroutid  the  dorsal  in  front;  iskin  otbvrwist.'  piTfcctly  stuoutli.  l'nlt> 
oliviice^iiLi,  goruc-wliat  mottled;  bttcral  lim- with  dark  blotchi-s;  biaiiobi- 
osti-giil  n-giini  l>lurk  in  tlii<  males;  a  Wlaok  liar  at  bime  of  caudal;  a  black 
spot  ikt  front  of  s|iinong  dorsal,  and  1  at  tip  of  the  last  apinc;  pi-ctoialtt 
with  a  dark  spot  at  lia.'w! ;  other  Uusolivaneona.  little  variegated.  Length 
H  inuhea.  Coastt  of  California,  in  water  of  moderat't<  depth;  locally  very 
abundant,  great  nnmberM  being  souietiincs  taken  in  the  sweep  nets  be- 
tween Point  keyeg  and  tho  (lolden  (>ate.     (qantinnrriutu/i,  luiirrowed.  1 

,irfd\u*  'iiMilriffrMtm.  (..(KKlKrnos,  PrtM.  C,  S.  Nat.  Min  187U.  J'.Hi, off  San  Franciaco. 

(T.v  |>e.  No.  2050:1.     Cull.  Lixklugtun.) 
/orliM  yundrianria/ujt.  J oHlj AN  ,1:  lin.lo:Hi,8;iici|iaiii,  OUl.  IBtU. 
/n-liniu  iirtadrueriatnt.  liIUit!l|-I,  I'TdO.  IT.  (i.  Na|.  Mu*.  180(1,83 :  JoilbAX.  I'tvC  Cal.  Au.  8cl. 

ISSe.  225,  pi.  ill. 

«<;>.  ICKLniM  NTK.lBfK  Sl»rk«. 

Head  2|  in  body;  depth  I.  i).  l.\-1.5;  A.  13;  eye  4  in  bead;  maxillAry 
'Ji ;  auont  4.  llody  lobiist  at  ahoMlders,  tapering  into  a  rather  slender 
t-audal  peduncb' ;  iip])er  profile  of  head  evenly  eurved  from  (tnout  to  dorsal, 
the  snout  rather  steep;  luuutli  hori/.outal  uad  plared  at  the  extreme  lower 
aspect  of  head ;  upper  jaw  projecting  flightly  beyond  the  lower;  narrow 
liandnof  villiform  teeth  on  jaw«i,  vomer,  and  palatines;  maxillary  rem  h- 
iiig  about  to  poHterior  margin  of  eye.  Nasal  xpineH  prominent;  upper 
(ipiue  of  prcopercle  longer  tlian  eye,  extending  upward  and  backward,  and 
iH'Kriiig  on  it"  inner  edge  1 4ir  2  nntler-likc  prociMMies;  Ik-Iow  it  on  edge  of 


*  "  II  !•  ImpoKitlblK  to  ciiniiuro  (liU  nr  any  n<h«r  (Ic-aeribt'd  afierira  uf  Icrlitiui  trllli  let- 
viMniMrnifii    rif^'iinianii,  ilonorttiril  rmni  partially  iliiiealml  atioolmi'iia.     l''rutn  KiKfie 


HniM 


i>f  till!  uivuporcular  niiinv,  it  M  oven  dvublful  nlietlivr  that  s|>cvlcs  la 
Mln  lerliiiut,"     ((filbert.) 


)iri<itpiTi-l<-  iiri-:^  niiinll  sptiicn,  ih*-  ii]))>cr  rutlivr  blunt  aii<l  nut  i-diiKpiriioin. 
til)'  liiwi'i'  Iiiii)j;rr  uihI  shaip,  poiiiliiif;  ilowiiwurd  autl  einuiMvhat  t'i>r«r»iil; 
on  I'iu'li  Hide  of  iH'<'i|int  i»  i»  !«iimll  blunt  tubrn-lc,  a  e-hort  dormal  diip 
bcliinil  ea<-b  i-vr,  ami  1  Mjaii'timi-ri  ]iri-.Hcnt  bi'liiiiii  cai-b  iH-cipital  tuliorclf, 
ht'U'l  iinkt'd ;  u  batiil  nC  M<-abw  abiu);  bjtck,  t'ullnwiug  ilurHal  oiitluie.  tvia- 
poM'il  of  "J  rtiWK  (if  siuli-n  l'i»r  must  iif  its  l<'iigtb.  but  the  posb-rior  a  orC 
Ncnli'n  arc  in  u  kIukI"  row;  tin*  ouU'V  ami  antfrior  mlgo  of  i<a<'b  M-aJe 
cmbftltb'd,  thf  innt-r  mid  pimtniiic  fi\^v  Ktroii^ly  I't't^uoid.  m<>  tho  tippi««iuj 
od|jci<  ijf  till*  rowH  uri^  etcuoiil  <'d);(<i4;  a  NincJe  row  of  iiTHL'ales  nlun^  lat«im) 
limv  till''  aiiti*ii(ir  mw^  iiiujuilii'r  tlinii  tlit*  otbem.  Dorsal  spiurs  »li<uilrr, 
tli<!  tiiiN  not  •oiiiu'ctcd  ;  rrnnt  of  niiiil  Klightly  ucaivr  tip  of  Hnimt  tbaii  bawt 
iiC  I'uiidal ;  iirrtorals  rutbrr  wide,  ri'iu'liin^^a  little  puMi  front  of  Mifi  ilommi. 
I'oliir  nlivi'  t;niy,  with  lujiit  itn-giilnr  dnrkrr  itosa  barn  on  back,  tlir  fipit 
niicb'V  tniililb'  t>l  spiiioitK  dni-siil,  the  ticcniui  undi-r  lirst  lunrth  of  Mift  iturwal. 
till'  tliii'il  rinibr  last  foui°tli  nt'  Niift  dorsals,  indiratious  of  1  on  rnudal 
|ii'diiiirb-,  iHiil  II  rlurk  xtivak  at  basi- of  ruudal  tin;  hIiIi.-.h  and  back  tiiottb'4. 
itiulrr  jiails  wliitr;  MMitrals  and  anul  wliiti',  otlirr  iiiix  rronsi<d  n-itb  dark 
wiivv  lini-s.  'I'liis  sjiccii'!*  i»  clowly  ndati'd  to  Irrlinuv  hunalU,  dili'rring; 
froiii  it  in  liavin;;  a  HinalliT  ryi\  a  stonti'V  ciuidtil  podunclf,  a  Nli);hil_v 
ividiT  intiTorbitinl  s]i;i<-i",  Mhnrtor  barbi-ls  bidiind  I'vr,  thi>  barbels  at  orripiil 
not  Nil  I'lin^iU'iiit  in  tbi'ir  pri'S(>n<-«',  and  in  Inivin^  tin-  mil  of  luaxillary  in  a 
(lillVii-iit  ri'lutiim  to  tin-  i-yi".  Tin'  i'y<>  of /rWiiiuK  hoivaba  is  I'OUtaiuci  oiiW 
.'I  tiiui-s  in  tin'  Iftigtli  of  tin'  lu>ad  in  spci-itncns  of  tin-  aamo  sizt-  att  Icelinm* 
flrabit  aud  tin-  jiiuxilUry  8<-arc<>ly  ri'uchrs  poMt  pupil.  This  vouiparuou 
in  ba.HL'd  Oil  K[H'i'tinriii4  of/.  IfOffiiiii  taken  by  the  AlhatronB  in  the  Straits  of 
l-'uea  and  in  Uiistnl  liay,  Alaska.  I'ligi-t  Sound,  at  I'oii.  Ludlow.  Waab- 
iiigton,  wlit'Te  niimy  »|K'cian'n.t  wen-  tibtnincd  in  181*6  by  Mr.  !!>t»rk«. 
{6Tfiixftu)y,  Biiuiut-eyed.) 

Irrliniu  tirabu,  Stakk»,  I'ruc.  CoL  At-.  Scl..  MTlea  2,  Vul.  vi,  1806,  Ml,  Port  Ludlow.  Wub- 
ington.     (Tyi«,  JIo.5451,  L.  S.Jr.  Univ.  M«»      (loll.  K.  C.  Starks.) 


4 


710.   ASTROLYTES,  Jordan  &.8tark«. 


Atlrolyltr.  ,\oui)\ti  .V  STAKK8,  I'rw.  Unl.  Ac.  Sei.  I8B5,  807  (/fnfitratii). 

Thin  genuB  is  close  Ut  Jftt-iUiia,  vrith  which  it  agrees  in  moat  respect*, 
ilitlVriiifj  ill  the  ])ie»iMii'e  of  stellate  siairs  on  top  of  hei.'ul,  iu  tbc  coucavn 
interurbitul  uiea.  Ilie  roiijcb  vertex,  iind  iti  the  form  of  the  large  pr«5oj»er- 
I'libir  M|iiiie,  wlitrb  (m  biliil  at  tip  with  1  ;intler-likL>  ])ruces»  or  hook  iiltore. 
The  nioulh  is  sniallei  th:iu  iu  Jilidiui,  (he  veutrals  longer,  the  baud  of 
Hcak-a  OQ  buck  mur«  d»velo]ied  and  the  iin«iil  Dtiineo  liirger.  There  is  somiv 
tiuiea  a  small  pore  bcliiud  fourth  gill  arvh.  8ho>'e  tishea  of  the  North 
PaciUc.     (tt(5r^jo>',  star;  Avr?)^,  releaser. ) 

Ertge  of  iin'opvnli'  lielim-  wUli  hliiiil    luTrntetl  tirociOMe*  below  llii>  apioc;  Imuw)  pf 
■lunliM  not  iiiret.ini;  ilB  fcUon  lieliiml  (Uinii]  llni  dorsal  rays  IX,  15. 

KuToapiiinTrs.  tan. 

UtixK  uf  |ircwper<'li>  tirtuv  npiup  vr'nii  pruoesiea  entire,  eovenMl  by  aklo:  baiiU  «/ 
iH'ilivii  mvotiiiK  il»  li'UoH-  tieliind  <lun>al  Hd:  duraal  ruyi  IX,  17. 

riutamtukXM.  TSSL 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1899 


SSSO.  ASTBOLVTES  NOTOSPILOTUS  (Girord). 

Head  2);  depth  4};  eye  4|  iii  bead.  I>.  IX,  15;  A.  11  or  12;  scales  about 
44.  Head  short  and  broad,  its  vertex  depressed;  nuchal  region  with  a 
cnws  ridge,  iu  front  of  which  is  a  quadrate  depression;  2  blunt  tiibcr- 
cloH  behind  each  eye,  iinued  at  tip  with  small  spines;  behind  these  2 
otliers  without  spines,  on  the  occipital  ridges;  each  of  these  spines  with 
a  small  cirrus;  a  small  cirrus  iibove  post-crior  part  of  eye;  a  minute  one 
on  the  uiaxiliury;  interorbital  space  deeply  concave,  the  supraocular 
ridges  ch^vatvd.  Mouth  moderate,  broad,  the  maxillary  extending  to  be- 
yond the  pnpil,  its  length  nearly  \  that  of  the  head;  suborbital  stay 
strong;  preoporch;  with  a  strong  process,  bitiil  at  tip,  and  with  1  or  more 
upward-directed  spines;  below  this  3  blunt  serrated  processes  or  mul- 
titied  H)>ineB;  vert«x,  temporal  region,  interorbital  space,  and  opercles 
covered  with  small,  detached,  stellate  scales,  strongly  spinous  at  their 
edges;  these  smaller  than  the  scales  of  the  dorsal  baud.  Olivaceous,  often 
tinged  with  purplish,  and  much  variegated;  a  black  bar  at  occiput; 
another  from  middle  of  spinous  dorsul  to  the  axil;  1  under  front  of  second 
dorsal  extending  obliquely  forward;  1  under  posterior  part  of  second  dor- 
sal; 1  on  caudal  peduncle ;  burs  and  interspaces  everywhere  tinely  retic- 
ulated and  mottled;  lower  parts  dusky,  with  brassy  tinge,  often  with  dark 
reticulations  around  whitish  spots;  branchiostegals  blackish,  with  yellow 
tinge;  fins  all  variegated,  the  lower  tins  generally  dusky;  a  black  spot 
ocellated  with  orange  between  tirst  and  second  dorsal  spines,  sometimes  a 
duller  one  between  third  and  fourth;  a  large  black  spot  between  sixth 
and  eighth  H))iueH.  Length  10  inches.  Coast  of  California,  from  Cape 
Mendocino  southward;  abundant  off  Santa  Barbara.  Here  described  from 
specimens  from  l^auta  Barbara.     {vSjTOi,  back;  (Js/Acards,  sj»otted.) 

Caljicilfpidoliu  laleralii.  AYltE».  I'ruc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  1855, 77 ;  not  of  GUIABI). 

Artediu*  w/to>jnMiiii.  CiRAKD,  l'ri>c.  Ac.  Xat.  Sci.  Philo.  1856. 134,  Tomales  Bay  (Typea, 

Nii8.  ;(29  mill  :i67.    Coll.  K.  .SiimuelH  imd  l>r.  W.  ().  Ayr«8) ;  GlRABD.  U.  S.  I'ac  K.  K. 

Siirv..  X.  Fi«hcs.  71, 18o«;  (U'NTnKH,  Cat.,  u,  174,1860. 
lrelv$  nulOKpilutin.  JOKUA.N  ic  GILBERT,  Synopsis, 09U,  1883. 

£281.  ASTKOLVTKS  FEXKHTBALIH  (Jordan  &  OUI)«rt). 

Mead  2*;  depth  4i;  eye  5  in  head.  D.  IX,  17;  A.  12;  lateral  line  3t>. 
(ieiieral  form  of  Aglrolylen  nolonpilotut.  Body  rather  robust;  head  large 
and  broad;  lower  jaw  included;  maxillary  extending  to  posterior  part  of 
eye,  2.>  in  head;  eye  rather  large,  about  i  broader  than  the  concave  inter- 
orbital space;  nasal  spines  strong,  with  a  conspicuous  cirrus  behind  them; 
top  of  head  less  dejiressed  and  less  concave  than  in  A.  noto»pihlu$,  its 
lateral  ridges  smooth  and  covered  by  skin,  without  spine-like  projec- 
tions; nn  tubercular  pnuuiuenccs  behind  eye;  preopercle  ending  in  a  short 
process,  which  has  usually  3  spines  at  its  tip,  the  2  uppermost  hooked 
upwanl;  tlie  3  prominences  below  this  spine  small,  entire,  covered  with 
smooth  skin.  (In.),  xotogpilolus  these  projections  are  much  larger,  and 
more  or  less  coarsely  serrate.)  A  fi^w  small  dermal  Haps  on  top  and  sides 
of  head;  head  with  ^nlall  stellate,  uonimbricato  scales,  arranged  much  aa 


1900  BuUclin  //,  United  Stales  National  Afuseum. 


in  .4.  Holotpilolitu,  liiit  I'Xtciuliiig  lower  on  sides  of  hoad,  covering  sbIk 
orl)itul  aii<l  poKt^irliituI  ic^idiis,  .-ia  fitr  down  utt  siiUorbital  stay.  Sca1c« 
on  Vtody  i-uv-shiiped,  arr:iii|;i'd,  »s  in  .}.  noio>}>\li^iut,  in  ii  bruad  bandaloni; 
eai'li  side  of  l>ack:  each  Imnd  aliout  {(scales  in  lirendth;  this  band  extend- 
in;;  miiL'L  fiii'tbt^r  back  tluui  in  A.  nutnupilulm,  meeting  its  fi<Ilow  at.'ruM 
tbe  back  of  tail  bebinil  din-Hal  fin:  a  Hniiill,  but  diMtinct,  iHtre-]ik4<  »]it 
bcliind  tlii>  fiiiirth  ^ill  t.wholly  iviintiiig  in  A,  nulotpitolua),  Finn  low.  the 
doraiil  much  luvvt-r  than  in  A,  }ioto»}iiU>ltii;  tbe  longest  donal  «<piue  iiboat 
lyqiiiil  to  8]vont,  3j  in  hi'ad  (in  tbe  female),  probiibly  biglior  in  niidi>«;  vi.-n- 
trulH  ;ib(tiit  rcticliing  >'ent;  jx-utonilR  pimt  front  of  aniil.  Color  in  spirits, 
nxMUiitially  as  in  .t.  nolonjiilotun,  but  paler;  <ili%'iireouH,  tbe  be;i<|  luottled 
iiuil  baireil  with  Idarkiab;  back  with  about  1  ttaddle-liki"  black  bars;  ba*' 
of  eauilal  Irhtr.kiisli ;  tins  all,  except  the  veiitrals,  wbicb  nic  pale  (  probnldv' 
dnak.v  in  nialea),  with  cro»H  bars  and  series  of  Hpota;  a  black  blotrli  tior- 
d(«rcd  by  urango  but\vc«n  lirHt  and  second  doraal  spinuti,  luxl  nuiitb<'r 
between  seventh  itn<l  eigbtli.  Length  '*  inchi-a.  Piiget  8oun*l;  Im-ally 
common.  (fi-nisiruli«,  ivitU  a  window,  from  tbe  smuU  g;ill  pore.) 

ArUthxu  fmt*lTali».  JcmnAK  &  Gilubiit.  rroc.  C  8.  Kal.  Miu.  18K!.  5T7,  Pugct  Sound 
(Tyijo.  No,  27306,  V.  S.  Nut.  Mu».  Cull,  Junlan  Sc  Gilbert);  Jubuah  A-  .Stab&i>,  Vmc. 
Old.  Ao.  Sci.  18BS,  807. 

711.  ARCHISTES,  .lordau  Jc  Gilbert,  iicav  genus. 

A  rehUUt,  JonoAX  &.  Oiusbitt,  Finbcs  of  Doring  Sen,  lu  Kept.  Fur  Seal  Itiri-iitigaUoita  for 
IHU6   18B7MS.  (;>'Mman'»>). 

Head  and  body  compressed  ;  latirul  line  armed  with  ;i  series  of  ^pinouj 
plal«8;  a  series  of  smaller  similar  ]ilates  along  base  of  dor*al  widentn^ 
anteriorly  an  as  t<>  til)  the  space  l»etn'iH!ii  dornal  nud  lateral  line,  but  not 
extending  around  front  of  dorHul  to  connect  with  band  on  the  other  side. 
Head  naked;  gill  lJ)euI)>raIle^  brniidly  united,  free  from  the  isthmus;  ti« 
ulit  or  )irire  behind  last  gill;  im  sjiines  above  eye  or  on  vertex;  :i  siugis 
gently  curved  i)rei>]iercular  B[)ine.  not  forked  and  without  cnsjis  or  proc- 
BKsea;  a  larg<<  Iritiged  Hapruoi'liital  Hup;  uniall  tlups  and  rirri  on  ocripnt, 
sirli-s  of  head,  and  along  lateral  Hue;  teeth  on  jaws,  vomer,  and  pabttine*; 
dorsals  continmniB,  notilied  lietwecn  npijioii.'j  and  soft  portions;  ventral* 
I,  3,  without  seta;  vent  far  forward,  imiuediat^dy  Itehind  base  of  ventral 
linit,  the  male  with  a  lung  uuul  papilla.  {Ufjxoi,  veat;  Hlludiug  to  its 
unusual  positiou. ) 

9SNi.  ABt'BISTES  PLI  HARIDK,  JonUn  &  GUbvrt. 


Head  3?  in  length;  depth  t;  eye  31  in  head.  I).X,2.'1:  A.  IR;  £■.  15  nr  IC. 
Anterior  jiortinn  ril  heail  rorajiri'SBed  and  narrow,  with  vertical  saden,  the 
widtli  at  angle  of  rnontli  littb'  gre,-jter  than  diameter  of  orbit.  Krotii  the 
ni-ular  region  thi'  head  widens  rajjidly  backward  and  downward  lu  ui\^ 
opercular  sjiine,  leaving  the  oetipnt  nari'ow;  greatest  width  of  bead  miuI 
body  near  preopercuhir  wpiue,  slightly  le«^  than  ilepth  of  he^wl  at  occiput; 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1901 


I 


I 


IhhIv  i'niiipii<nsi"<l,  rvi'vy-wliiTi'  mmh  iliwpiT  W),n)  wide.  M'mtli  i>]i(;litly 
tilvliijiii",  maxillary  ii'iirliin^  «lij;)itl.v  licynml  vcrtirsil  from  (iimt  i>i'  pupil. 
3^  in  bcinl.  Jiiws  Ftiitl  vniijiT  with  riitlior  nidi'  biiiiils  tif  iiiiifonii  fim^  ti-cth; 
a  smiiH  p!it«'l)  nil  frciiit  <if  [niliithu'S;  imwil  npiiuH  Mtrniig.  lived;  prciipcr- 
I'ulnr  spiiu'  ntriMi^,  .titii]di',  dirciti-il  iifiwiinl  ;ind  li:u  kw:ird,  griitly  c'tirvrd; 
prrociiliir  iiriirKiM  wilhoiit  I'urtber  Kpiui'K  nr  priiiiiiiu'ri<'«'9.  OiM-rrlc  thin, 
withdiit  rill  or  upliH';  Hiipianciiliir  rim  <d»'VJiti(l.  ])riiji'(tiii)f  iiImivi-  protile 
iil'hfiid;  iiit<>r<>rHital  Kpiicr  uiirniw,  ilt-cply  <'bjtiMiidcd,  tbr  sidt-pt  abiptii); 
lonvi'xiy;  (M-cipiit  drpnu^-d  lu-hiiid  the  pyt-H  simi  tr:iii«v«-r(tHly  roiitid>><I, 
n'lideriiig  tbi'  pndili'  sinnrwhiit  i-nnnavi-;  poHti'riorly  tbci  ocoipnt  rim-M  uiid 
iH  littTiilly  tiii(iiilutK-il.  Nitiiicwbiit  i|tiiidribt<-  tbi-nrCori'  iii  criigs  scrtittn ;  vi'i-tex 
witbout  rid^i'Horspini's;  siipriim-uliir  ll.'i|):tsliin^tt(i  I'y'i  biiironlutj'  in  furm, 
<'oi»rsidy  friii;?i(l  almij,'  tln'  miirfiiiia;  i\  pair  i>f  broail,  d<'<^])ly  cli-it  Ihips  nt-iir 
■  middli*  tii  iii'i'ipnt.  aitd  :i  mioihI  gutir  nt  jtimti'riiir  i^lge  nf  o('('i|>iit;  a  long 
Tirtfiiil  <-ivriir<,  n  kitIi'k  nt  i«bt>rt  lil;um-iit«  nlini^miirKiii  of  pn-opi'n'ki,  1  on8iili> 
(irbitui  stiiy,  1  iii-ar  tip 'if  iiKixill.'try,  n  tlilt  fllairi<-iit  iirar  iiiifrculiir  iiiif;1i<, 
and  a  sitIi's  of  4  lltami-utH  almij;  iiiiddb-  iil"  liit4'riil  linr;  anterior  norttrila 
in  iithiirt  tnlif;  jjill  iiirmliriincs  widely  jtMiii'd  iirrosH  tbf  throat,  I'litindy 
fr<»«>  from  i»tbmiit(.  Latfial  liii(>  rising  in  a  hi^b  couvcx  riirvr  aiit«'rif>rly. 
thi'  I'lirvi'd  !iint  straifiht  portjiiu.'*  i'(in.'tl;  .-iJong  it*  conrsi'  m  a  sfrii'«  of  14 
pliitt'N,  witli  till'  iippi-r  rd^i-  frrr  .'•mi  sjmthxis.  larj^o  alimjr  tho  furvi'd  por- 
tion of  thi"  liiii',  liiit  iliminisl]in>»  r.ipiilly  in  siw  piLHU-riorly,  thi'  fr<>«i  i'd^;ii 
lifi-omiii);  siiiontb  or  m-arly  no;  n  ifrit's  nf  uiacfa  HiMulh'r  Imt  siniilttr  pluti'8 
lii'a  along  Imsfot'dorBiiJ.cxti-ndiii;;  hallVay  nloujj  li.ick  of  raiidal  p«lntic]i), 
widcMUiiK  tmdi'raiitfrior  half  nf  sfiiiiotisiiorsal  to  (Vnrni  abiiiid  wbicb  iit'arly 
flllff  till'  npari"  Ivctwi'i'ri  dorsal  ami  bitt-ral  line;  Hkii)  otln'rwis)- »'iitir«dy 
Tiaki'd,  Piir-Hal  lirgiiniinn  a  piipil'M  diauifti'r  lirbiinl  m'rijntt.  Splm'uvcry 
Hl<<nd<-r.  tin' anterior  iMii'HliiubvNt.  each  frnwiicd  with  a  uii'mhrainiceoiiH  Map 
which  is dlfj^itati'ly  rli-tt:  lln-ihiril  spun' lonfji'st,  J  l<<nKth  ofhi'iHl;  tbi' last 
apiiK'  alinnt  \  thi'  Jhird  and  i  tln>  hiu  ri'<'din>t  Hbnrt  ray;  pi'ctoral  rays  all 
ainiplc.  thi'  lowrr  tliickriii'd  with  in<'iMfd  uu'inliritni's.  t.!n>  lon^rMt  mys 
ri-ai-liiiij;  vi-rtn-al  frojii  tbinl  anal  ray;  vi'iitraU  nairow,  ri'iirhitif;  front  of 
iinal  whi'ii  drrliiu^il;  \iiit  imini'diatrly  In-hind  viiitrai  liuH,  tbr  lonj;  anal 
pajulla  rtHcbiiiK  front  of  aiial  tin  whi*n  dvrlini'd.  Color  in  npirils,  lii;ht 
IJiriiyiah  olivi-.  a  Horii-H  <»f  5  irri'giilar  i|iuidratt'  Idoti'hr.M  aloiif;  thi'  tiack, 
iiMually  coiini'rt<'d  at  thi'ir  Inwi-r  inarfiiiiM;  ntiddir  of  widi'n  with  dimky 
inarldingB,  from  th<>  Uiwi'r  odnf  of  which  a  wrii^H  of  7  V-Khap»'d  hiai-k 
blotthcsdcsi't'tid  Inward  low»'r  oiitliTu-;  the  dusky  uarkin^nf  sidi's  nicli«- 
iti^  Htnall  rnirud  apotH  of  ground  color;  an  ol)lit(U<>  dark  hnr  on  snout  and 
a  black  Idotch  on  lower  partious  of  check;  intentpcrclc  aud  iipp<^r 
^lrall(•bin.st(•^;al^^  with  cross  acripo  of  black  spota;  pectnra!  with  a  large 
dark  Idotcb  and  inriiHtinct  cross  hare  nn  the  rays;  nnal  croswil  liy  oldifino 
iliirk  hiirH;  caudal  iiidiHtiuctly  t'russ-linrri'd;  dorxals  duHky,  without  dcti- 
nitc  p;tttcrii;  vciitiJilr*  jdain.  Lcn^ft.b  H  iiichcn.  UwhiKhir  Ihlaud,  of  tho 
Kuril  (ironp:  only  the  type  known,     (plumariiu,  feti tilery. ) 

^rsAiftM/iicmartii*,  iIORliAN  Se  (iil-nRRT,  FiHlim  uf  Iterini:  ^ii,  in  lit'pl.  Kiir  Si'iil  Invent, 
llilM,  ItWT  US.,  Ushiihir  Uland,    |T;]msiii  l^H.^°ll«.  Mii*.    CulLJnrOan  i 


1902  niiUeiin  47,  United  Slates  National  Museum. 


71a.  ARTEDIUS,  Oiritrd. 

ATi*il\Mt.  GiRARD,  Prop,  Ao.  X»l,  Sol,  Pliila.,  viii,  1S56,  13*  {XalmlUi. 

Boily  brou<l  .itkI  deprefwcd  »iit»Ti(>iiy,  eoniprcsBetl  toward  candal,  with 
a  broad  liauil  of  roiiiuli-il  Hcalos  jilon^  side  of  buck,  not  <'xton<liii<;  on  hcail 
and  not  iiK'o till n;  beliiiid  di^rsal ;  no  plutrs  itt  basf  of  dors.il ;  head  lar|;e. 
dfpipsned,  naked  above,  the  iutcrorbital  space  narrow  and  llat;  prei>p«>r- 
cl«  witli  ;t  nnxterati'  bifid  spine;  na8a]  spiiicM  Hinall ;  inoiitb  larg^*,  cli'ft, 
the  lower  Juw  included;  teeth  on  J.iwh,  vojner,  and  jialiitini's;  g^ill  mrm- 
brnuPH  broadly  united,  freo  from  istbnms;  braucliiostffjals  5;  no  f<l!t 
behind  last  <;ill;  doTHal  (Iiih  sejiariited;  veutraln  Nliort.  ^<hor«  flsbes  of th« 
Pficiljc  coast  of  America.  (Named  for  Potriis  Artedi,  the  asaocinto  of  \.\\\- 
meuH,  failed  thu  *'  Fatlief  of  Icbthyologyfin  "memory  of  an  icfathyolopiat 
•who»«  wnrku  prcparod  the  roml  toward  a  clear  and  tonciso  zoological 
niinioncliitiire.") 

n.  I>ijr«iil  l>iiiul  of  Acnk'K  iiurrow,  of  H  runit  anteriorly,  nuil  'i.  or  3  |M«teriorly. 

lATF.liALrs.  "iR 
an.  Domal  band  <if  acalea  wi<l«r,  of  D  diwr  anUirtarl;,  Aai-KKVi.i'K  S84. 


S2MI.  AltTKIMIS  l,iTKR\I.I!«  (Girard). 

Hriid  21;  depth  h.  D.  IX-10;  A.  13;  V.  I,  3;  sejiles  about  28  in  lonffi- 
tiidinnl  HcrieH.  llwdy  rutliet'  blender,  a  little  comprcMted;  heii<l  long  aud 
low,  less  dcpp  thuii  ill  ttieotbcrHpecies;  occipital  region  almost  Hat;  iiiti.7- 
onnlar  space  much  ii.arrowor  tbtiii  the  pye;  eye  shorter  th:in  snout,  nearly 
S  in  bead:  akin  of  Iii>iiil  every wIhstp  perfectly  Binonth,  its  upper  8iirfai>«' 
with  nitnierrms  uniall  conspiienoiis  pores,  ami  many  slender  Rmall  cirri;  no 
distinct  aiiprunrbital  i^irniis,  and  no  occipital  ridges;  n.'isal  spiiiea  small; 
mouth  very  Inrjre,  the*  jiiws  iieiirly  t>i(U:il,  the  maxillary  cxtc-iiding  to  below 
the  posterioi  ed^'c  of  Ihc  eye,  it«  length  .-iboiit  \  that  of  the  heiul:  preoper- 
coliir  spine  very  small,  ic>vero<l  with  the  skin,  forked  at  tip;  dorsal  baml 
of  Hi'iiles  narrow,  ^xi  almtit  8  rows  anteriorly,  2  or  3  posteriorly.  Liit4>ml 
liiK'  iiiilei'iiirly,  with  Hiiiall  <'irri;  dorsMl  spines  very  sU^iidcr,  the  llntl  2 
sliiirter  tli:iij  the  others;  pi'itoniln  reiK'hiiig  front  of  nmil.  Oark  cKar 
olive  green;  bead  reddish  shaded,  the  back  with  sharply  deliiied  eroM 
btotcbes,  uUoniately  durU  olivo  and  pale;  lower  half  of  sidos  iisnnlly  with 
nimieroim  sHmll  palt>  Bpnts;  belly  bluish;  fins  barred  with  diftVrent  <iliadf« 
of  olive,  reddish  l>rciwij,and  bliu'k;  northern  speeimons  with  a  black  sjiot 
on  tlio  front  of  the  spinous  dorsal;  below  it  n  scarlet  crr«cent,  iMirderwi 
with  yellow.  I-iMintb  0  inches,  Pacifio  coji-nt  of  North  Aaierica.  fhjiu 
Pn(;et  Soiiiid  to  .Sun  Luis  idHS[io.  in  rni-k  pools;  not  rommon.  lierr 
described  from  (ii]>eetmei)s  from  Monterey,  (lalrtvlU,  pertaining  to  the 
aide.) 

Kearjiifuirhlliiit  lateralit.  CiRARD,  I'rnr.  Ac,  fTst.  R<'i.  I'liiltt  laM,  li,";  (Typr*,  ^.i*.  33^ 
San  Luis  Obiipo,  Cull.  LIciit.  Tniwliriilge:  slid  300,  San  Francitco,  CuU,  Dr.  W,  U 
AyreB.> 

Arttdiiu  laleraHs.  GlHARP.  I'nw.  Ac.  Nat.  Scl,  l'hi)a..18M,  134:  GnuNb,  D.  S.  Pan.  B.  &■ 
Siin-.,  X,  F'Ulieii,  70,  III.  22a,  (Igi.  b  and  fl,  1858;  Ot^miBB,  (^lU.,  u,  174,  IMO. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America. 


nn4.  ASTKDirx  AKPEKrU'S.  SUrkii. 

Hc-rt.l  2J;  il.-pt»i  *.  1).  IX-lf>;  A.  12;  <■}'<•  I  in  Ih-smI;  niiixilliiry  2^; 
Knout  4.  ProHlc  nf  licnti  lirtKiilly  roiintlpd  frnm  tip  of  Hiimit  t<i  mTijnit^  tli" 
Himiit  vory  «t<n'p;  ktw<'i-  outline  nf  hi'iul  iifurly  liiui/uiitiil,  iiidiitli  sit  Inwur 
ii>ip<'(-t  of  ht'iid  littlo,  if  any,  iil))i(|ni';  insixillary  i'<-aciiiii^' to  tmluw  inidilli- 
of  cyr;  viilifi)riii  toctli  (in  jaws,  vonu-r,  uuil  piiliitim-r*;  na».'il  spiiD's  jn-imii- 
iii'iit,  [iivniHTciilar  priirc.SM  short,  liiriiriHtc,  tlcn  t-iitiic  Apiin'  i-oviTi'il  witli 
Hkiii,  :^  sjiiajl  s)*iiii'H  ilr'vi-jopc'it  on  vd>;v  iiC  piiiipiTcIr  lii'lmv  it;  top  of  licuil 
iKikt'd.  with  iiijiiiy  iiniroiiM  jmn'H;  iiitj'iorliital  wpini'  iiairow.  eoiuavf.  its 
wiilHi  iilmiit  i  t'yp;  :i  wide  l);iiiil  ol'  strniiijly  i  tiMioiii  Htuti's  nlon>{  hack, 
Htiit'tiii^  oppo8iti'  front  of  HptiioiiH  ilorsal,  unci  Uclovr  it  a  ilistiiiii-n  ■-(|iial  tit 
pupil,  tjrailiially  niiiiiiitt;  iipvvunl  ami  lu-arly  touching  tin*  ita«r  of  M»ft 
ilorsitl,  Jointii);  ita  iVIlow  of  the  oppo!sit(>  liiili*  lu'liiiiil  tiorMiil,  tmd  ri»i)- 
tiiiniri;(  on  caiulal  pi'ilinu-li"  to  midway  betwi-cn  l.-ist  r«y  of  dofHiil  and 
hfiHc  of  caitdiil;  at  it!«  vvideet  part,  uiidt-i-  front  iif  Muft  dorsal,  it  is  it  Hcitlfs 
wldtt  111  an  oldiiino  8ia-ii<!4;  33  cdjli(|ni«  st^mix  tii  itx  1cu|r(li;  lateral  linu 
armed  witli  3i)  ftcnoid  scalcn  in  ii  Hingli'  Bcrifs;  u!l  tlii'  walcH  Piulwddcd  on 
llicir  low<'r  anti*rior  i-d^t'saiid  i-tcnoid  on  tliPir  ii]ipor  poHti^riiU'  r-dffi'N; 
njikcd  area  ln'twci'ii  lateral  liin'  and  liund  of  bcuIi's,  at  ita  widest  part 
narrower  than  liaiid  of  urnli-s;  .spinous  dorsal  rounded  in  oitMiiie,  not 
joined  to  soft  dorsal ;  jieetorril  rejieliing  lu  liasi-  of  H((vrntli  or  e(ji;litli  ray^  nf 
suit  dorsal;  ventrals  reailiinj;  vent.  Color  idive  l>rowi\,  with  t  or  5  dark 
Irn'Ktilar  cross  l>arg  on  haek.  wliieli  Iireak  up  ami  form  retienlntiona 
aninitd  white  siioLs  on  sides,  tile  lowi-v  of  tliesi-  «)>ots  forining  ai'micirc'les 
only  where  tJiey  nni  into  the  white  of  t|je  belly,  the  first  ero.-m  liar  under 
front  ol'  spinons  dorsal,  tlie  seemid  nnder  frojit  of  soft  ilorsal.  tiio  tliird 
tiiuler  posterior  tidrd  of  st»ft  dorsiil,  and  the  fourth  imiieated  hy  ii  hlotidi 
on  candal  pednmle;  a  dark  streak  iit  ImNc  of  rainlnl  tin;  iinder  parts 
whit<>;  veiitrals  and  anal  white,  other  Kiis  enissed  witti  iiTHinliitin};  lines; 
lips  dusky.  Tliis  speeies  ditl'ers  from  ArtrdiiiK  lutcvaliH,  with  whieh  it 
seems  to  l>e  most  closely  n-lated,  in  liaving  ii  wider  aiid  loii^jer  hand  of 
seales.  and  in  other  less  important  eliaructei-B.  Lf'ti^tii  1^  inelies.  I'n^et 
Sound,  in  the  vicinity  of  I'ovl  Liirllow,  WiushinKton,  where  .'{  speeiinens 
wnre  ohtaim-d  in  IwaU  hy  Mr.  .'*tarks.     {adjirriiluH,  somewhat  rongh.) 

ArUdiut  lutiertiliii.  Stabks,  l*ror.  Cnl.  \e.  Sci.,  iwri<«  2,  Vnl.  vi,  IBlMi.  (<ra.  Port  Ludlow, 
Wastilneton.    (Type,  Vo.  COM,  L.  H.  Jr.  I'oIt.  Mas.    Call.  K.  C.  Starlu.) 


713.  AXYRIAS,  8t»rk8. 

AxyrUu,  STAiiBa,  ProaCal.  Ac.  ttel..  aorlciiS.  Vol.  vi,  ISIM,  SM  (AarWnffMni). 

Top  of  head  with  pAtiiii^a  of  etenoid  sealos  and  cirri ;  a  liand  of  very 
gniiill  si-ales  below  doi-sals,  and  a  Hiiij^le  row  of  larf{er  ones  followiti;;  the 
Iiit4<ra]  ltrn»;  villiform  teeth  on  Jaw»,  vomer,  jind  italatines;  preopereular 
spines  3,  the  npper  i-hort,  very  narrnwly  forkeil,  the  others  small;  dorsals 
not  eoniieeted;  t;ill  membranes  united,  free  from  the  isthmus;  no  slit 
lH-hin<l  lastnill;  venttals  I,  :5.  Thi.-.  <;enn»  is  elosily  relati'd  to  Avttdiuii, 
Chilonoliit,  and  Atirolijttt.    It  ditfers  froni  ArteAiun  in  the  roiiKh  head  and 


190J         bulletin  4J,  United  States  National  Museum. 


f<ain11f<r  Rcales,  and  frnm  Attrolytt*  nnd  Chiionotut  in  tlii*  fdn^r-  fork  to  th<! 

]>i'r-<>pi'i'rnliir  Hpiiic,  ami  in  the  siuullcr  Htiiies.    (u-privutive,  uut;  ^vpiiXi,a 
!ihav<!liu)r;  a^vpicci,  uiu'  uuaboni.) 


»986.  AXTUAK  HAKRINOTOM,  8tArk«. 

Hentl  2\\  depth  'I";.  I>.  IX-IC;  A.  12;  eye  4  in  head;  raftxillary  2\. 
Upprr  (irolilo  of  beiid  steep  from  tip  nCsiiniit  to  above  eyes,  theiii-p  nearly 
liiirizoiitJil;  nimitU  ;it  lower  aspect  ot  ljt?iiil,  the  jaws  subequal ;  maxillary 
rL-ttobiiig  to  tbti  vertical  from  pupil;  villiforiii  teetb  on  jaws,  vomer,  uud 
[laliithieH;  eye  Hot  liitfb  m  Ueud,  its  diameter  a  little  less  than  Iviigtb  of 
anoiit;  iiiterorliitti.1  Hpiice  nearly  cniicavc,  its  width  about  ^  eye;  upper 
prcoperciiliir  wpiiii!  aliort,  its  loiijjtb  about  ^  of  eye,  very  niirrowly  bifur- 
iftft!  at  tip,  the  forks  very  auiall;  bulow  it  on  odjje  of  prooperi'li«  a  second 
H[iiiie,  Hmiill  and  blunt,  ami  n  thiiil  aearcely  developed;  na^ul  spiuM 
prcMniiu'tit;  top  of  bead  and  njiper  part  of  open  lea  with  pii  tehee  of  rtrnnid 
srales,  a  patch  on  posterior  part  of  interorbital  space  and  behind  eyi», 
sending  a  narrow  Ivand  liMckwurdit  along  each  mt\e  of  head  aLio\  o  upercles, 
and  a  few  in  front  of  dorsal,  leaving;  a  seminaked  area  in  front  of  occiput, 
wbi(  h  Iina  a  few  Ncnles  at-attered  over  it;  mnny  eirri  mi  top  of  head  scat- 
tered uniaug  the  scales,  1  above  posterior  edj^e  of  each  eye,  1  over  anterior 
cd{{e  of  eye,  2  or  S  arotind  edge  of  preopercle,  1  on  end  of  maxillary,  and  1 
at  ea<-h  anterior  lateral  siair  back  to  alioiit  middle  of  lateral  line;  a  band 
of  rough  scaler  aloikg  back,  ;ibout  7  scales  wide  anteriorly,  and  eompoMd 
of  about  47  oblique  series;  the  ncales  obliijucly  embedded,  the  upper  pos- 
terior edges  j'trungly  ctenoid,  Hie  lower  anterior  edges  r<in1iedded ;  a  naked 
area  of  nearly  the  saue  width  as  band  between  it  and  spinous  doriukl,  the 
band  rniining  upwards  jiostcriorly  am!  touching  Nenoiid  dorsal  at  about  its 
middle,  running  bark  and  joining  its  fellow  of  the  opposite  aide  behind 
the  second  dorsal,  and  ending  midway  between  base  of  last  ray  ami  baae 
of  caudal;  a  single  row  of  'M\  scales  similar  to  the  others  following  lat«ral 
line,  Dorsal  sjiitics  subecjual  from  tb(>  lirst  to  the  sixth  or  seventh,  the 
fin  not  connected  with  soft  dorsal,  which  is  nbuiit  the  same  height  as  the 
spinous;  pectoral  rather  large,  reachiiyg  to  the  base  of  fourth  or  fifth  dor- 
sal rny ;  ventrals  sciircely  reaebiiig  vent;  Insertion  of  atiul  midway  between 
middle  of  eye  and  base  of  caudal,  its  longest  lay  iibont  eijual  to  those  of 
dorsal.  (Jrouiid  coloi  olive,  vvilli  about  r»  dark  cross  bars  on  bark,  the 
lirst  bar  under  midillo  uf  spinous  dorsal,  the  second  under  front  of  sofl 
dorsal,  the  third  under  its  middle,  and  tho  fourth  under  its  end,  the  liflh 
being  represented  by  a  blotch  un  tuj)  of  caudal  jieduucle;  a  darkstieak 
at  biise  of  caudal  fin  ;  sides  with  many  clear-cut,  round,  white  spot«,  grow- 
ing larger  downward;  the  lower  row  only  half  spots  where  the  white  of 
the  spot  nins  into  the  white  on  lower  part  of  body;  belly  white;  lips  and 
under  parts  of  bead  witli  dark,  olive  brown,  wavy  bars  of  abont  the  same 
■width  as  tho  interspaces;  lins  with  wavy  dark  streaks,  except  anal  and 
ventrals,  which  are  white,  ('oloration  very  siiiiilav  to  Arlrdin*  hilmili*. 
Length  2A  inches.  I'nget  Sound,  in  the  vicinity  of  Port  Lndlow,  Wa«Ii> 
iugton.    Due  specimen  taken  in  180G  by  Mr.  .Starks.    ("I  take  pleasure 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1905 


ill  luiminj;  this  species   for  President  Msrk  Walrod   Harriii^oii  <if  the 
University  of  Waskiujrtoii."    Sturks. ) 

ATjiriai  harrintiluni.  Stahk«,  I'tot'.  CoJ.  Ac.  Scl..  wflM  I',  Vol.  VI.  1890, S54,  {•!. 74,  l*rt  Lud- 
low, WaBbiDgrton.    (Typt-.  Nu.  3MT.L.S.  Jr.  Uulv.  Mug.) 

7x4.  ARTEDIELLUS,*  Jordan. 

ArtHlUlhn,  JoRDi,N,  C»t.  Fish.  N.  A..  tlO,  ItwS  (iinnnatui). 

FIoiiil  broiid;  t<'t'th  on  vonior  iintl  palatines;  preopcrenlftr  spines  2,  the 
ii]>|>cr  liirj;*'. Ntrongly  liooUi-il  U]iw]ii'<l,  with  no  untlfr-likt-pron'SNi's  jiliovo; 
ho  slit  lii-liiniJ  ln-'-t  gill;  ^ill  uii-uiliniiir>>  fn<f  from  i^itliiniiB:  skin  «uke«l, 
sniootli;  Npimtti.'*  ilorsnl  nhort,  not  imtclii'il.  Norllicm  w^'is.  This  i;i>niis 
siu'ins  to  III-  iii'itrost  l<i  Aririliut,  from  wliioli  it  ililfers  I'liivtlv  in  the  uiikvil 
skin  of  husMt  iiiid  boily.    (Name  a  dimiiiiitivo  of  Arlfdiu*. ) 

a.  PKtor*!  rayii  ntiout  30;  camlAl  rays  <()>-rv]ii|»edl  11:  lieml  witli  few  rirri. 

b.  Occiput  Willi  n  bony  piNiiulM'raiM'eoii  luirli  aiilc,  prnvidtxl  with  riuliiitin);  ridsM. 

U!(('l.^ATC«,  znw, 

&I>.  Occiput  wilhont  liony  prutiiboriiiu'tt  liavioB  radistine  ridgea,  its  place  taken 

by  a  blunt  ocvipital  rlilgc  nr  ^pine.  ATiJkHTlcus,  2287. 

no.  Pectoral  r»ysi3l4i',i'4,  cimlnl  with  Uili'velopwl  rays;  head  wfUi  manv ctrri ;  occiput 

iritb  rrry  low  round  ridgc/^  or  with  dodd.  PACincOB,  2288. 


S2S«.   iRTEniEI.U'S  CT^CIXATr.M  (Rolnhardf). 

HpimI  21    n.  Vn  or  VUI.  VI  In  14;  A.  11 ;  P.  18;  V.  4;  pyo  2*  in  hewl; 

poi'pf.  of  l;it<-riil  lint'  18.  HiNnl  liroiid,  oviiti';  cyi-s  wt  IiikIi.  Mi'*  iiil'T- 
iirliitul  vrry  iiunow,  iniicL  li'ss  tliiui  ili:iiui't<*r  of  oyr;  jiiws  hii1>i>i|||)i1; 
t4>ctli  riitln-r  sli*ii<lcl',  "ii  jnws,  voui'-r,  :iinl  p;iliitim<K.  I'li'opiTrli"  iiruif<d 
witli  2  spine.'*,  tin-  lower  short,  pointiii;;  ilowtiwiiril,  the  iipjMT  lonjr, 
•strongly  curved  and  Nliiirp;  opi-rtle  Iwlow  with  »  Mingle  spine,  teruii- 
niitin);  ,Tliove  in  a  soft  convex  flap,  eoiieeiilin^  liiMieiith  u  ilepre8««e<l,  hnt 
riharp-pojnted  spine;  lictwecii  tho  iintfrior  nnd  postiM'ior  pitirs  of  nostrils 
oec.iir  2  short  npini-s  and  ut  the  oiu-ipiit  2  otiiei's,  nil  of  which,  in  nonimnn 
witli  tho  other  spinen,  atv  ilire<"t*>d  do^vnwurd,  uml  project  hut  slijrhtly 
rtliove  the  internment;  »  sniiill,  Mhi>rt  cirnis  on  the  postj-rior  tuurgiu 
of  the  upper  jii>v,  iiiiniediiitely  in  front  of  angle  of  month;  u  Hmall, 
pointed  cirrus  iiliovo  eye;  origin  of  first  dnrsiil  ubove  lui«4'  of  p«'Otoral,  its 
lii'iglil  \  heiul;  secoiid  dorsal  it  little  lusher;  iitial  as  hi;;h  iissitoimI  dorsul, 
eiileriiiiiioiix  with  it;  pectoral  extending;  slij{li1ly  hey  ond  front  of  second 
dorsal  (in  adoUs):  ventral*  long,  reiuhing  nearly  t<»  vent.  Color  whitish 
.with  3gr!iyi"li  hrown  hands  acrow  liody,  middle  hniid  liroadest  from  Ihum* 
Inf  second  diiit^al;  in  adiilt.M  the  linnd.-*  are  hrok<'u  up  and  not  conspicnaus; 
Mtis  with  olilii|Me  traverse  ImudH,  well  ileiilied,  except  nil  tuiiil,  wliere  Ihfy 

i*re  fuiiil.    (Collctt.)    Arctic  Europe;  said  lo  crnnK  to  Urreulaud;  ilo  runge 
sonthwiinl  unccrtnin.    (Ba.)    (icii«iNa/H«,  hookinl.) 


K'h 


rt>''iM*   i:«'nilfi  trnrhldrrinltl'.    lIc'  '•r^ttithfhut.   ' 

(I                       iimI  iii;iny  "tlicrM  (ir  our  ( 'nihil'  1  r<'(errc(l  Ir                                    ''>ni 

.1       .  :ii  liiivlii;;  Ibc  alli  Wliiiiil  tb>' lii^i  .  .     .       ..i|.o<l  snd  (111  _ lally 

oiilU'd  lu  lb* isUiiuuii.    It  U  nil  ally  of  VaUtu,  ul  wlucb  (viiua  U  may  be  Uio  atinMlur 


Count  HiutnaliM,  TUtnmiltrT,  YiS.  9efaik.  Ifator.  UkUl  Afli.  189,  M.  Greenland. 
letlutvTtoinatUii,  Kboybr.  Nuturli.TiilsHkr.  1M4.2&2. 

OmtriOermiehUii/t  uitHnalut.  UOhthkb,  Cat.,  ii.  172,  IMO;  CoujnT,  Xonke  Nord.Dava 
Expwl..  3*.  1««0. 


SSS7,  ARTKDrKLl.rK  ATlJlXTlrrs,  JonUo  ft  Kwnnwin, 


r  species. 


RradL'S;  .Vj.thr.;  U.  VII, 13;  A.ll;  ¥.'20;  iy<- 3  in  h.«a<l ;  masUlaryii! 
I>cct(ira1  H;  pmcH  in  lata-ritl  line  2l).  Kody  rutbiT  eIoii);at«>,  roliust  Aut*-- 
riorlj-,  gr<'.Ttr«1  hi-i^hl  ul  origin  of  lioPMnl;  lioil.v  lapiTiiig  gi'adually  into 
the  long  rtlcntlci  randal  pfiluncli-;  moiilli  modcrati',  I  In-  msiKillury  rfa<-hiiig 
to  Iiclow  midfllf  of  piijiil;  narrow  liaiiiUnf  villiforni  tecjh  on  jaws,  voroi-r, 
and  piilatini-K J  iiilt-rorldial  u  imrriiw  rid(;i';  unN'rior  noKtril  ending  in  k 
dliort  tillic;  a  lint*  of  pon-.s  around  orbitaln  to  pi-copfrclx;  uoHa)  npintw 
prcm'iit,  very  nliart,  ft  pair  of  blunt  pro(uhprauc<'8  lit  occiput;  a  Inrj^', 
sliurp,  gtronjjly  rnrvi-d  .spim-  at  pn-opi-rcU',  and  a  short  litraifrht  ori»  b<<lox 
it  pointL]iK  downward  and  forward ;  a  sinnll  llfshy  papilla  in  frout  of  ^ac'h 
t',Vf',  and  a  miiintc  tlirt'iMl-lik<'  t<'iita<'l(>  at  end  of  nuixillary ;  origin  of  dor- 
sal ovor  ba««  <>f  pt-ctoral ;  pectoral  rcnchin>;  pa*f  notch  lM'twfH.'n  doruaU, 
vt'nlrals  inwrtcd  lu'hind  Iowit  <'nd  of  pectoral  bnso,  in  dixtAnce  equal  to 
Ifiinlli  of  Mnaut,  tlii'ir  tip*  not  «init<'  rracbinj;  vt>nt.  Color  iu  spiritA, 
iTt-amy,  wiili  inditatiuns  of  ri'ddinli-browu  crow*  bars,  thi>  Mamt  color  nn 
bai'k^  a  ibirk  bloti-ti  ut  bii.m-  (if  caudal;  bi>ad  Moinrwiiat  niottlfd  wilb 
brown;  NpiiioiiH  dni-s!j)  bla<;ki.-<li  wilb  'J  wliit<'  Ntrcuks  and  a  s(>rif8  of  spots 
ruuninj;  ininsvi'rsi-ly  m-ro^s  ilic  Hpiiics;  wcond  dorsal  with  0  dark  cixxw- 
liandH,  una!  with  i  Hiiuiljir  Imud.-t;  ]i<-i'lural  ikiid  caudal  with  2  or  3  irrcgn- 
lar  crosrt  ))ars.  This  specifs  ditlVrs  truin  Collftf:*  figiiro  in  (ho  spiuHM  on 
thi-  oroipiit,  beint;  rrpn"»i'nti>d  in  th<'  rut  as  lowi-r  down  toward  th«<  sidris 
of  hi'ail,  and  with  radiiittn^  stniilioiis.  Labrador  to  ('api>  Cod;  in  ratb<^r 
di'fp  wiil4M-.  Hfrc  di-scritM>d  from  a  spmimi-n  2J  inchvs  lon|Lj  from  M:u»9&- 
elinsrtts  Hay,  taken  by  th<'  U.  .H.  Fish  Comniission.  Very  dom-  to  Artcdirl- 
lim  uiii-itiHliu  with  which  it  ban  bi-«n  hitherto  ideutiiii*d,  but  appuroutly 
diHtinct. 

/<V'iiM  iini-inatm.  .f  ohdak  Si  ("tlLBKliT,  SynopulA.  893. 1883,  ipecimen  from  coait  of  Hnssa- 

chua«tu. 
ArlntirtlnM  uneinoltu,  (iii'iUE  A-  Kkak,  Oicaiili'  b'lithyi.lnjr)',  SAT,  flg,  3!>5.  tKRIt, 


32HH.  AKTKDIKI.M  S  PAIirU'l  M.  Clllwrt. 

Tl.  Vtl  or  VIII-12  or  13;  A.  11  or  12;  V.  23.  2  f22  lo  21);  V.  1,  3;  candnl 
with  tf  tlividrd  riiy»  (not  II  an  in  ArtMlirllut  UHrinntuf^;  lateral  linf  2-1  (2".' 
t«i  2fi) ;  Ic-ngth  nf  lu-a<1  (nn-asnri'd  to  rml  of  opercular  llap)  2|  to  2,^  ;  dv]>lh 
il;  letuit  ib-ptli  iif  i-and;il  pi-diiiicb-  I'J  tint<'8  in  orbit;  its  li>n):th,  from  hour 
of  Inst  unal  ray,  2};  in  bi-ad.  Vrry  closi-ly  rrlatid  to  Artidkllim  unfinatiit, 
rtilViTing  in  tln>  entire  olisoli's<'en<'i-  of  the  neiMpital  protuberances  or 
ridj;eH,  in  the  iniTeosi'il  numlnTof  eirri  mi  the  bead,  the  more  numeitxis 
pori'H  ol  the  lateral  line,  the  f(reater  nniolier  of  rnvs  in  the  pectoral  lins. 
o-nd  the  redtieti<Mi  in  the  raysnf  tbti  euiidal.  TlitH  diaf>iionia  in  the  result 
of  ;i  conipiiriBOii  of  tntr  types  with  I'ollett's  desrriptioii  of  Crnti-idt-nniclt- 
thijH    unrinatut    (Nonke    Nord-Huvs   Kxpi-dition,    VfVO,    29),    no    typicad 


Jordan  and  Ever»iann. — Fishis  of  Norlk  America.     1007 


RpcriiiifiM  Itfing  at  hand  for  coinpnriftoii.  Hrad  i-vt'nly  roaiidi-d  in  all 
diri'f.tioiis,  the  orbital  ri'gioii  not  oli-vati-d,  tli)-  Hiiout  not  angul:iti'd; 
niontli  slij^'btly  Inr^iT  in  nialrit  than  in  fftnAlfS,  n-arhiii);  viTticitl  from 
middle  or  prtstfriar  niarciri  of  papil,  2J  to  2^  in  hoa.d;  lowi-r  jaw  shoi"ti>r 
than  thi-  npptr,  a  portion  of  the  pn-niaxillarv  hand  of  t«'i<th  projocting 
Iniyond  till' ni.'inililili'  in  i.'|o8i>d  niontli ;  trttk  iiariliform,  in  rather  brood 
biindH  on  jaws,  and  in  piitehes  of  varying  xi/e  on  vomer  and  palntines;  in 
»inne  i«)iec line  1(8  )i  i*!\\  ti-etli  occnr  ill  a  uiiiKle  I'ouvex  series  on  front  of 
viiiiier,  and  but  3  or  4  form  n  line  on  palatines;  in  others,  we  Hndjin  irreg- 
nlar  double  series  or  a  narrow  band  nn  eaeh  of  these  bones;  the  t<'eth  are 
lUwnvit  strong  and  are  probably  in  adult  Npuciniens  never  entiroi.N'  uniit- 
ing  oil  either  vomer  nr  palatines;  lungitudinal  diameter  of  orbit  'i\  in 
head;  iiiterorbital  npaee  very  naiTow,  shntlowly  4-ancayc,  entirely  occn> 
pied  by  tho  STipraocnlar  eanals,  which  unit«  in  a  sinnle  porn  oi>poHito 
]io)«teTior  margin  of  orbit ;  |eii«t  int^Tueular  width  }  pnpil;  premuxillary 
proeetweH  projecting;  bnt  little  beyond  the  prolile;  nasul  Hpines  very  HinaU; 
liipth  pairs  of  iioKtrils  in  short  tnbes,  the  postt'rinr  situated  on  anterior 
orldial  rim:  oecipiit  with  2  very  incoimpicnouH  low  rounded  ridges, 
appiLM'iated  with  difficulty,  and  Mometimes  entirely  wanting.  No  trace  of 
thn  oceipitul  spine  seen  iu  MafuiaehiiHetts  spi-einieiis  of  JrtiiHelhi*  allan- 
iidit,  nor  of  the  eonieal  piotnl>er!»nces  di'HeribeU  and  tignred  by  Collett. 
Itarbols  niitnerons:  maxillary  barbel  large  and  rniispirnons,  sometimes 
siiiipie,  miM'e  oft4-ii  componnti,  fnruisbed  with  from  1  to  l  short  luU-ral 
brancheA;  a  well-developod  hiipraixMilar  cirrus,  nud  a  pair  of  cirri  on  pos- 
tt>rior  margin  of  oeciimt,  the  latU«r  i>cen|iying  the  position  of  occipititl 
Mpineg;  a  short  cirrus  near  baai^  of  opercnliir  (lap,  ami  2  or  3  on  preupercle, 
2  of  which  are  nsnaliy  at  b«i*e  of  the  preoperciilar  spinen;  2  cirri  on  ante- 
rior part  of  trunk,  1  immediately  above  ba^e  of  pectorals,  tho  othiT  half- 
way lictweon  lateral  line  and  front  of  spinous  dorsal ;  sometimes  mlditjonal 
cirri  above  front  of  jali-ral  line,  and  on  Iowit  luuigin  nf  silbocuiar  ring; 
II  8t>ri<H  of  4  or  5  very  short  cirri  c^os'^iug  th<i  cyo  horizontally  immeiliately 
above  tlie  |)iipil;  gill  nienibranott  broadly  nnitol,  joined  to  the  isthmus 
anteriorly,  with  a  wide  fr«e  margin;  gills  :t^.  no  slit  or  pore  liohind  lust 
arch;  pi'eopercular  s|>infs  as  in  Arlrdirllut  itnnitatH*,  the  upper  oni'  with- 
luit  smaUer  basal  spino.  Dorsal  lins  well  separated,  low  in  females, 
extraordin.irily  developed  in  mules,  the  spinoux  dorsal  in  the  latt'f'r  well 
overlapping  front  of  Hoeond  dorsal  and  having  all  nf  the  spines  exsertcd, 
the  iiiediaii  ones  for  i  their  letigtb  ;  these  nvMTted  spines  with  their  free 
portions  narrowly  margined  with  inombrane  whii'h  widens  at  their  ti|Ni 
to  form  a  cutaneous  (lap:  soft  dorsal  also  somewhat  olevat4>d  iu  malw; 
Ventral  fius  reaching  halfway  to  vent  in  females,  about  ]  this  distance  iu 
males.  A  series  of  5  wide  inncons  slits  running  along  lower  eilge  of  snb- 
orbital  ring  and  iiciiws  eheek ;  pores  of  lateral  line  niinutc,  4it  the  ends  of 
short  downwardly  directed  bninehes,  the  main  lino  opening  In  a  large 
slit-like  pore  at  b:ise  of  e:iiidal,  Color  much  as  in  li  Ifdii  llim  unnnalut, 
the  lower  parts  whitish,  unmarked,  tbii  ilorsnl  region  of  the  trunk  crossed 
by  3  wide  dark  bars,  which  often,  in  adiillx,  break  ii]i  intospotssepiiratAd 
by  vermirnlations  of  tho  lighter  gronnd  color,  I  of  (lieHO  bars  iiclow  the 


1908         Bulletin  47,  United  Stairs  Naiiofial  Afusettm. 


spinona  iloraal,  mnning  downwanl  and  forward  to  bnae  of  pectorals,  th«> 
second  aiider  soft  doinal,  tlie  third  on  caudal  pednnclc;  top  and  sides  of 
head  generally  diirk,  with  tine  lipht  dot«  or  Temiii'ulntions :  a  light 
Htreitk  HouietinieN  pi-eseut,  extending  from  prt-operciilar  spine  forward 
and  inward,  n]e4<tiug  ita  fellow  immediately  behind  eyes;  thin  V-slmped 
mark  usiinlly  altsent  or  iiiconM)iiritons,  luit  Bometitnos,  in  yotiug  A]ieciineD», 
foruietl  of  bright  silvery- white  ])ignient:  other  silvery  spots  or  Motrljfx 
may  iK-ciir  on  the  lightiT  intMViils  nf  the  back  or  sides;  pecioml*,  ilorsal, 
and  caiiiliil  cr().«H-baiided :  u  black  blotch  nt  )>a8t^  of  upper  ami  1  nt  bB>i«  of 
lower  )it<ct<)i'al  riiys:  tipn  uf  elongate  dorsul  ri)iiuffl  of  the  iiihIc  blitrk; 
vuntrulH  and  unal  •luinarkeil.  (.'oast  of  Alaakn,  in  KriMtol  Ib»y,  ennth  of 
,'^amlak  Isbind  and  iiurth  of  Uiialoska,  at  depths  of  from  ^  to  61  fathoms.* 
((iilbert.) 

.{rtrduUu4  paeilievt,  Oilbebt,  Rcpt. F.  S. Fiob  Comni.  18^  (1890),  ilS,  south  of  Saon^ 
Island,  at  Albatroii  Station  3116.    (T\fK\  in  V.  S.  Nat.  Mim.    Coll.  Gilbert.) 

715.  RUSCARIUS,  Jordan  &  Sturkn. 

Ritttariut,  JOttDAX  Sc  Stabks,  Prao.Cal.  Ac.Sci.l8Q&,  807  {meangi). 

This  genus  is  allied  to  lirlun,  ditVeriug  in  the  stouter,  firnuT  body,  and 
especially  in  having  the  back,  above  lateral  line,  covered  entirely  witli 
acuttered  rough  8i'al«.s,  not  arranged  in  a  definite  band;  no  naked  area 
bi'liiw  dorsal  or  in  fi-ont  "f  dor.-ial;  H  or  4  preopercnlar  spines,  only  the 
upper  well  developed ;  no  bony  plfites  along  base  of  dorsal ;  no  sraltw 
below  bilenti  line;  preopi-rculur  spine  long,  bifuvt-ate.  Characters  oilier 
wise  mnrli  as  in  Jrlidiim  and  lrth(».  Ointiditifflt.  from  I'uncum,  the  biitch- 
erV  lirooni,  a  rough  phiut,  in  iilluMiiHi  ti>  the  prirkly  scales.) 

S388.  BUMARirH  MEAXVI,  Jordan  &  Starka. 

Head  2*;  depth  r^^,  r>.  V-14;  A.  12:  bitenil  linefi-32:  orbit  4  in  head; 
uiaxtllary2;  anoiit  t:  highest  dorsal  spine  3;  highest  dorsal  ray  .S;  peeto- 
ral  li;  ventrala  2$;  caudal  2i.  Body  robust,  deepest  and  broadest  at 
sboiildcrs,  tapering  ijiiirkly  back\varcl  into  a  ftlender  caudal  peduncle; 
t>ack  soLnewiiat  elevated;  th"  ventral  outline  nearly  atiaigh I  from  chin  to 
ouudat  (in;  donial  outline  gently  and  evenly  curved  from  snout  to  caiKlal 
peduncle,  Month  loriiiiual  anil  nearly  Iiori7ontal,  maxillary  reaching 
pa.Mt  pujiil  nearly  to  posterior  edge  of  orbit ;  jaws  Hubei|nal,  teeth  iu  nar- 
row villil'oriii  bands  »u  jaws,  vomer,  and  palatines;  process  of  preina\il- 
Inry  prutnineiit,  extending  between  and  above  nasal  spines;  preopercnlar 
spine  wtiil  developed,  forked  at  tip,  the  forks  small,  the  inner  «uie  the 
longer,  .S  or  4  short  spines  below  on  edge  of  proopercle;  npercle  emling  in 


*  NanxToiiH  iii><>f'imf'i)ii  werv  lnk«i>  in  ISiH>  by  tbc>  Albatrou.  nt  Stiitlons  363T,  3038.  ami 
M3%  ulI'M.  I'aiit  ItliUKl,  III  32,  -U.  nnil  '^'  I'mliuniH:  AtUi  and  :t'>44,  dil'  I'rovoiitliuiv^  Kwn- 
rliatkii,  11)0  mill  !>li  rullmnin:  3G47  mid  354!<,  oti  KoIiIh'Ii  I.<lniid,  iTi  'JO  ruthinnH ;  »lmi  tAVvn 
(iff  Karlnk  in  IRDT.     Smiifur  tl\i«o  «]iiTinirim  aro  In  Iwlter  »l«t«!  of  imnervali"  "    '     .v 

Uir  Iniiil  H  itii  iiiiirp  |ifirt>H  tlian  i'doIiL  lie  niailr  nat  in  I  In-  tyiM^..     Tin  top  uf  Ik- 
ntniUlpd  with  Mieii«  |Kir<-n,  3  or  4  of  u  liiili  sire  in  tlir  intf  forltitJil  jip/i<  i'.     A  i» 
vtiili'  kIiU  iLlnni£  iiniier  mirfiweol  niunilihli-,  •-itnllnai'^l  tn  hnn<y  nf  prf^iperi'iilar  Hpinv.     The 
u  iilr  al ilH  aluuK  migo  uf  prvurbitid  aiid  <>u  i^lieek  ure  usually  6  iu  uuiulxir. 


;i  rliiij;  tiip  i)f  Luiid  witli  claniuil  llai>8,  1  owv  uiit<-rior  iiiar^'iii  nl"  ciye,  and 
ji  j^niiiji  uf  2  nr  3  over  [nisteiior  iiiaryiii;  tt  fi-w  slutrfer  i>tJt"»  oil  lirtjir ; 
iiiutuiiB  jjortm  Jirwiiini  luaiKlilik*  large;  ojiyrcle,  iijiper  pjirt  nl'  [iiLniiLntlo, 
loji  of  head  to  (.\ve»,  and  tin-  orUUul  ring,  coveretl  with  sharply  L-tenoid 
HoaltiH.  uppor  piirt  uf  iriH  witli  siiiiiU  roii;;1j  itciilvit,  bulaiK'it  uf  liesid  utikud. 
Lttterikl  line  with  tt  row  of  rough  jdiites;  ii]jpt'r  hulf  of  body  (Hunpletidy 
covered  with  8<'n.lc»,  their  anterior  edge  i^mbeddet),  ooarscly  ut<^n<dd  on 
their  jjiiatiTior  edfje;  lower  lifilf  «f  budy  naked.  Dorsal  spiuef*  alcDdcr, 
thuHe  iu  tlie  uiiddkv  liif;liei;l,  thf  fin  witlioiit  a  imU-h,  the  longvHt  Hpines 
reuchinj;  to  frout  of  8i>ft  durHui  whuro  liu  is  dt>pres8t<d,  well  Heparjilvd  from 
soft  dursal;  fir»t  dorHal  ray  iniierted  over  (irht  uiial  ray,  thu  liu  longer  and 
highur  than  una);  pcctoriils  somewhat  pointed  pOHteriorly,  reaching  jnat 
pasi  tlio  epave  lietwftMi  dorsals;  veiitralfl  insi-rteil  behind  tho  base  of 
pectorals  a  dialanco  ni(iiul  to  thd  length  of  htioiit,  tlieirtijm  reaching  to 
the  froni  of  tho  anal ;  caiulal  nlendor,  roiiiob'd  bebiud.  Color  olive  gray, 
belly  dusky :  bai'k  with  dark  cruBs  shades,  irregular  in  number  and  size, 
bidow  lateral  lini'  light  with  email  wavy  bars  ruuitiiig  across  to  within  a 
Abort  distaute  of  anal  tin.  and  fading  oat;  head  with  oroxs  sbndi-H  ubovo; 
a  dark  bar  from  eye  to  side  of  snout,  1  from  eye  downward  past  end  of 
maxillary,  another  behind  it  across  posterior  odge  of  preoperclc ;  some 
dark  inarkiugs  on  maxillary^  lower  lip  dark;  pectorali*  lighl  with  dark 
wavy  linc«  acrusN  them;  dorHal  fins  dark  and  mottled ;  anal  and  veutrals 
varying  from  whiti-  t<i  black;  caiulal  with  a  dark  bar  at  base,  light  with 
irrcgiilar  dark  crons  markings.  I'ngetSniin*!:  'J  speiitiieiiM  dredged,  about 
1^  iuelies  iu  length,  ut  I'oint  Orrhard.  near  Scaide,  Wiixhiiiglou.  (Named 
for  Kdmoiul  Stephen  Meany,  Professor  of  Ameriiau  History  iu  the  I'niver- 
sity  of  Washiugtou,  a.  leading  member  of  the  Youug  Naturaliate'  Souiety 
of  Seattle.) 

HnHiiriim  riuiinyi,  JoroA-N  a  StaHKs,  I'roo.  (?■!.  Ac.  Soi.  189.1,  806,  pi.  80.  Port  Orchard, 
Elliott  Bay,  Puget  Sound.     (Type,  No.  3127,  L.S.  Jr.  I'niv.  Mu».    Coll.  E.  C.  8tiirkn,) 

716.  RASTRINUS,  Jordan  &.  Uveraianu. 
Railriaut,  loVDAV  Si,  Evebmann,  ClinckLMt  Flabvjt,  437,  1890  (nmtiger). 

This  geuns  is  near  lalut,  from  which  it  dilfiTs  in  the  absence  of  the 
serit'S  iifdiirsiil  p1i)tes,  the  back  being  ebwely  aealy  iim  in  A'ttatwiua.  Fotir 
preoptTcnlar  S])i!iea,  all  siuipb'  lUid  weak.  Heatl  ronglt;  sjeles  heluw 
lateral  line  sfjily;  upper  preoperealar  spiue  simple  or  bifurcate;  liody 
slender;  eye  very  large.  I'aeifif  Uieau.  {1  antrum,  a  scraper,  from  the 
rough  scales.) 

am.  IU.><TKI.MS  hMTU.'KK  (Bean). 

Head  3;  d.ptli  5.  !>.  IX,  19;  A.  18;  V.I,3;  lateral  line  41;  ey.<  twiei-  a.*, 
long  afl  snout  and  f  as  bmg  as  head;  maxillary  i'xt<>iidiiig  to  below  middle 
of  eye,  and  broadly  expatidi'd  bidiind:  iiiterorbital  space  extremely  nar- 
niw,  less  thsiii  J  length  of  eye;  piictoral  extending  to  above  sixth  I'uy  of 
anal;  pri'opi'rrulnni  having  a  weak,  simpb-  spiun  liooki'd  tipwanl,  ittid  H 
weak  oue.s  pointing  backward  and  dowuward;  U'eth  ou  vomer  imd  pulat«; 


J 


mm         BuUetin  /7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


heiwl  witli  minntf  Hpiny  i<culvi»,  moHt  »lmniluiit  "ii  tlio  iipp«T  biilf ;  all  ttf  tht< 
bufk  uliiivi'  liittTiil  liii«>  di'iirti'ly  covitimI  uitli  mimll  spiny  hcuIi-.h;  laU^nil 
tliii<  made  ii}i  (if  riuMt'il  tubcM;  ii,  few  ruii){h  ttciilos  iiiiilc-r  lat«?r:il  ILuo  ou 
Hi'ooiiil  litilf  of  lindy;  liriiiii-liioHtr^al  iii<-ni)ii':iiii'!H  liroiklly  luiiUvl  and  wfll 
IVi'i'il  i'roiii  i.sthiuua;  hIH  In'liintl  IVnit'tli  ;;ill  iiliwilctcj  NpiiioitK  (Inrwvl  very 
lii;;li.  itN  loiijfcst  hpinr  j|  1U4  I(l1l^  jih  liciiil;  iilmiit  4  liir^c,  dark  lilotcliiw 
iiriiiHN  IcK'k  iiiid  wvfiiil  suiHllcr  imh-m  lii<tNvi'<'ii  tln-in.  Li'ugtti  3^  iuclit'*. 
ni'riii);?  .Sm,  off  Trinity  Inlands,  in  dt'ep  \viit«r.     (H«-uu.) 

(!iint-i>niing  thi;*  Nju-i-ii-s,  Dr.  Oillni  t  oliscrvcs: 

Tills  Rpeciot)  in  dit^tiuguiHlied  frwiri  all  uthors  iu  Uit<  v'<-'>ius  l<TtuK  l»y  the 
abspuroof  the  »«'rie8oreul!ir;;t<il  «piiiotiH  pliiUvi  iiluu>;  the  liiim>  ut'tlio  durttal 
tin.  Onr  Hptji'iniuiis  aj^rct-  with  tlin  t.vp<>  in  having  tht«  sides  above  ]at«ra! 
lino  (IcnHcly  <'over»-d  with  RctileH.  Theso  art"  not  iiniforut  in  ni/e,  and  are 
nrrunyed  in  nitlier  irr»'!(n).'ir  oldiiiiio  8«<ric«.  Tlio  »idtv*  liebiud  p«>c-ti.>ni]a 
rontain  lar<;c'  spinuim  plutco,  and  tlu?  tail  below  latrrui  linti  ih  dt*uacly 
Hcaii-d,  leaving  otdy  a  iijirrow,  naked  t«tri|i  along  each  oide  ol'  anal  base. 
As  Mtated,  the  upper  half  of  bead  in  di-nsely  rovoKd  with  small  prickleit. 
Ah  in  othtT  ftpeeius  of  Jciliit,  the  upper  preoperiMilar  spine  niuy  Ikj  siiuplo 
or  biCiiriate.  The  latter  couditioii  olitaiiiH  iu  most  ol'otir  ti]>tv'iiui>uc<.  All 
of  the  proopcrcnlar  spines  are  weaker  than  in  other  specitMi  of  the  ueriuii. 
Compared  with  tho  nearest  allien,  levhin  cHrroyy*  and  Icelun  catiiil'imlatnt, 
the  Hpei-iea  18  i'lirthcr  distin^iusbud  by  its  more  robust  Itody  ^  the  depth 
n]ipro\iiiiately  o  in  length,  iiiMtead  of  nearly  (!),  by  the  Hiuallcr  eye  v<n 
wtinh  the  «noiit  is  contained  1}  times  instead  of  nearly  twiee),  tho  nar- 
rower iuteiorbital  spare,  tint  very  Jiligbt  development  of  the  orcipitnl 
ere»t.H,  the  obMolescnse  of  the  oeei]iitHl  Kpuies,  and  the  great  h«i<;ht  of  tliB 
»pinnu»  dorsal  iiti  in  tb>^  male  speeimens.  It  bus  aliM>  a  uborter  »ecoud 
doiviil  fin,  the  fortniiJieiD  11  sperinienH  Ijeiti;;  IX,  19;  IX,  It);  IX,  19;  IX,  U4; 
IX,  1»;  IX,  -.'O;  X,  li»;  X,  1S»;  X,  20;  X,  •_'();  X,  20.  It  ba.^  less  the  appearance 
of  ndeep-;vatc>rMpe<io«,  tbemtieoiiseivniilti  nnd  porea  bt'inglcjtsi'ouspienoua 
aud  llie  color  lighter,  with  no  lirOwniHJi-black  or  bliie-blaek  tilit«.  In  nleo- 
liolie  Hpeeinieiis  the  nppnr  parts  arC'  light  brown,  the  lower  Bide  of  head  and 
belly,  inclnding  the  ventral  lius,  whilisb.  A  vcrtieal  blaek  l>nr  ocrupie* 
base  of  upper  half  of  peetorals,  n  streak  extending  from  iU  lower  end  ont 
along  middle  ray  of  fiu.  The  Idark  bars  eli.-iiai-teriatic  of  its  enugenon 
aro  here  repr4'i«}n  ted  by  irrej^iilar,  rather  8haj-i)ly  defined,  blotches  on  baek 
and  siileu.  These  extend  ahoonto  njiinons  aud  soft  dorsal  Hns.  A  distinet 
dark  stri'uk  rtiim  forward  from  eye,  erossiug  preniaxiltariei<i,  aud  leaviui; 
tip  ufsiiont  pale.  Month  and  ^^ilL  luvities  white.  North  Pacilic;  tianier- 
ous  fl|>eeii]ieiiH  taken  by  the  Aihairutm  bonth  of  the  Alaskan  Peninsula,  at  a 
depth  <d' i:^  fatbums.     (Gilbert.)     (inntum,  shietd;  <j<ro.  I  bear.) 

Ictlui  saiitiger.  Bean,  Vrxr.  \'.H,  N»l.  Man.  IHtKi, 41, Trinity  Islands,  Alaska,  56^  N.,  1)4 
aC  W.,  at  Albatross  Station  lts3,  in  159  fathoms;  UiuiBin,  iio|>t  V,  8.  FUh  Comai 
189!)  (lgfM).4IS. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1911 


717.  ICELUS,  Kroyer. 
/eWiu,  Kbuveb,  I^atnntlist  Tidsskr.  t,  253,  1845  (hamatut). 

Head  large.  Preopercnlar  spines  4,  the  upper  hooked,  simple  or  bifur- 
cate at  tip,  without  aiitler-like  processes.  Occiput  \ri  th  or  without  spines. 
Body  slender,  fusiform,  with  a  dorsal  series  of  bony  plates  from  neck  to 
))a8e  of  caudal;  lateral  line  with  ossiuis  tiiberclos;  scattered  scales  on 
sides  and  belly.  Gill  membranes  broadly  united,  free  from  the  isthmus, 
no  slit  behind  fourth  gill.  Dorsals' separate ;  ventrals  I,  3,  thoracic;  no 
pectoral  tilamonts.  Villiform  teeth  on  jaws,  Tomer,  aud  palatines. 
Branchiostegals  6.  Arctic  regions.  ('IneXoi,  loeluB,  son  of  Hypnus,  the 
god  of  sleep;  Kroyer  says:  "Navnet  valgt  med  Hensyn  till  nlkeurternes 
Dorskhed,  saavelsom  til  den  Nordligo  Bopael,  nogle  uf  Oldtidens  Forfat- 
ti're  anviste  Sdvnguden.'') 

a.  Aual  rsyii  U  ur  15;  depth  about  S  in  length;  dorsal  IX,  18  to  20;  ocoipnt  with  2 
|iairs  of  apiues  on  each  Hide,  a  deep  incdian  pit  between  them.        bh'ORNIk,  2291. 
aa.  Anal  rays  17  to  18;  dorsal  VII  to  IX,  18  to  24;  depth  5  to  8  in  length. 

b.  Dorsal  with  18  or  20  soft  rays ;  depth  5  in  length ;  ocdpot  nearly  plain,  without 
pit  or  prominent  ridees.  spiniokb,  2292. 

Ml.  Dorsal  with  23  or  24  soft  rays. 

e.  Dorsal  spines  IX ;  head  with  the  mncons  channels  not  greatly  developed ; 

top  of  head  scaly  or  prickly. 

d.  Eye  2)  to  2^  in  bead,  twice  length  of  snout.  EintTOPS,  2293. 

dd.  Eye  2j  to  3  in  lii-ail,  1|  times  length  of  snout:  top  of  liead  with  :i 

pairs  of  filanient«.  ViriNALis,  2294. 

cc.  Dorsal  itpinea Til  or  V II I ;  top  uf  heati  mostly  Hmooth ;  opercles smooth ; 

1  pair  of  filanieuti*  on  t'lp  of  head;   mucifcruus  channels  of  head 

highly  di'velopiKl.  cakauculatcs,  2295. 

aaa.  Anal  and  dorsal  rayn  imkniiwii ;  body  vt-ni-  slender:  depth  7  in  length;  no  ooripi- 

tul  Hpines;  eye  :t  iu  li<Nid.  AUSTBAUB,  2296. 

S:i01.  HKLIS  BK'ORMS  (lieinbardt). 

Head  3;  depth  .'>.  1).  IX,  19  <.r  20;  A.  14  or  15;  V.  1, 3;  P.  18  or  19.  Head 
large,  naked;  upper  preopcrcular  spine  small,  hooked  upward,  bifur- 
cate, 3  Hpini'.H  below  it,  2  of  them  hooked  upward;  2  blunt  occipital 
spines;  vert<'x  depressed.  Skin  of  body  above  with  warty  scales  and 
small  prickles;  some  rows  of  bony  scales  from  neck  to  base  of  caudal;  a 
scries  of  plat<-s  along  Iat4^ral  line;  sides  of  body  with  scattered  scales; 
scales  (in  sides  between  the  plat<>s  variable,  as  also  the  scales  below  p<'c- 
torals;  small  scales  sometimes  along  base  of  anal;  iuteroonlar  space  very 
narrow,  its  width4in  eye;  dorsals  separated ;  pectorals  shorter  than  head ; 
nuchal  spines  varying  with  age;  with  the  young  the  anterior  pair  half- 
way betwt'en  eye  and  post«'rior  pair,  with  adults,  the  2  pairs  touching, 
the  posterior  much  longer;  preopercnlar  spine  simply  emarginato  iu  young; 
adult  with  the  plates  more  rough ;  no  air  bladder;  gill  un-ml>ranes  broadly 
.joined,  fn-(t  from  isthmus;  no  slit  behind  last  gill.  Yellowish,  with  many 
brown  spots. 

Ensign  II.  G.  Dresel  thus  describes  a  fine  example,  6  inches  long,  of 
this  species  (No.  2M630  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  collection)  obtained  iu  Davis  Straits 
by  Mr.  N.  P.  Scudder:   D.  IX,  20;  A.  16;  P.  18;   V.  1,3;   lateral  Une  41. 


1912  Bulletin  47,  United  Slat, a  Xational  Museum. 


Thi'  liofly  iH  fuHifdnii,  with  tliu  iibtliiiiiiii:tl  oulliiit'  nearly  Rrrniglit;  tbr 
grcati'xt  h*-i}(ht  of  thi<  boily  at  the  <>rii;iii  of  the  HpininiH  dur>>ul  lin  U 
^  of  the  total  li'ii^th  of  tbi<  caudal  bat<e.  Tbc  ramlal  jx-ilniicli^  is  nlptidpr. 
thi-  b-ast  bi'igbt  of  tbi'  tail  bfiiig  only  \  of  tho  grciit^vt  li<'igbt  of  tbi- 
iMidy.  The  hi'nil  iH  Inr^o  and  imki-d,  its  ItMigtb  lieiiig  roiitaiiicd  2{  tiiiie> 
ill  th«  total  li'iiirth  to  tlic  i-iiuiliil  biiw.  Th<-  iiucbiil  r">>ioii  La»<  11  itii.--» 
riilKB  ill  friHit  of  wbicb  i.s  a  i|Uiidrat«' depn^ssioii.  Tbe  occiput  im  arni<<<i 
witb  :t  pair  of  blunt  Hpiiirx,  tbo  li'iiRtb  of  a  »piii«'  bi'ing  j|  of  tb«'  itn-atifMt 
(liiiTni'tiT  of  thi*  eyi'.  At  thf  liiixe  of  i-aiL  »\\'uu'  in  a,  blniit  prof nliiTaucc. 
Till'  prt'oporclo  is  arinod  with  -1  xpincH,  the  upper  of  wbicb  is  tlie  loiii;- 
ust,  liifiircati',  and  booked  upward,  the  1  next  Uidow  is  .slightly  bent 
upward,  mid  the  romaiiiiiig  2  an-  b<'nt  downwurd  jind  forward.  The  Rub- 
urbitai  Htiij-  is  proutinent.  The  eye  in  li»ru'<".  plared  m-xt  to  the  upper  pro- 
tile  of  tbi-  bi-ad,  its  gr<"atet«t  diaim-ter  is  rqual  to  tin-  length  o(  the  «uout, 
mid  if*  {  of  the  length  of  the  head.  The  uit^Torbital  an-u  in  vei-y  narrow 
:iiol  conrave,  its  width  beiiin  \  of  tlie  Kreiitc.st  diimmtor  of  the  i>ye.  Tln« 
nmxilla  i'xt<'ndM  njijjljtly  bi-ynjid  tbr  vertical  tbrojinh  thr  post<Tior  marffin 
id'  tbi-  I'yi',  iHid  itK  li'ii<;th  is  onititiiii'd  1  tiini'«  in  the  Icn^rtb  of  tb«?  hi-nd. 
'I'bu  tet'tli  nrr  in  villifurm  buud.K  on  the  jawK,  vomer,  aad  pAbitiiie.s.  Tbf 
liody  \x  cLirtly  iiakid,  with  ii  dorsal  (tcric^  of  I'll  bony,  Hoaln-liki-  plati't 
buginniiiK  o])po!*iti' the  !»istli  dorwil  npine  and  extending  upon  thu  app<-r 
nidi-  of  the  fnudal  )ifduiitili';  a  .hocoiuI  norii^riof  41  niniilar  platen  ubiiig  th«' 
iati'inl  line.  Tb<>ri'  are  -'  or  3  of  thew  pbiti'ii  on  eith<>r  nido  of  the  nap*-, 
liKbiiid  the  occipital  HpincN,  and  a  patch  of  4  or  .5  plates  below  the  lateral 
line  iti  tbc  pi'Ctoral  rcj^ion.  Thp«p)iions  dor.-'al  be^iiiH  ovrr  the  tip  of  the 
iipc-rrubir  tlap,  and  the  biigtb  of  its  liani- is  eijual  to  tbatof  the  upp<T  jaw 
it  is  coiujiosod  of  9  slcudi-r  mid  tb-xilib^  Hpiui'H,  the  li>UK<'Ht  Hpino  iH-ing  ».>, 
bin;;  an  1.b<!  di'^tant'i'  froiii  tin*  tip  of  the  Miont  to  the  orbit.  The  xoft  dor- 
Hal,  of  20  rayn,  bej;iflH  halfway  betwei-n  the  tip  of  tlu>  snout  and  the  basie 
of  the  I'atidal  lin.  Its  bust-  is  nearly  as  Ion;;  us  tin?  head,  and  tb<-  long- 
est ray  is  ii  the  li-njitb  of  its  bus©.  The  origin  of  the  anal  ftii  is  under 
tbi'  third  dorsiil  ray  ;  ibe  Iciiutb  of  its  base  i.s  i'i|ual  to  the  greati'st  height 
of  tbo  lio<l> ,  and  the  longest  ray  is  a.s  long  a.s  tbo  longest  dorsal  H])iu«. 
The  Ciiudiil  tin  \a  rounded,  tlio  middle  rays  being  an  long  in  the  niaiilla. 
'i'bu  len^'th  of  the  pt'f.trtra!  bivso  ii4  (  of  that  of  the  head,  and  tho  ioiigt'«t 
peetoral  ray  is  i'i|ual  ill  U'ligtb  to  the  greatest  height  of  tho  body.  The 
ventral  tin  is  coiiiposi-d  of  1  sjiiiin  and  3  rays,  its  b-ugth  being  J  of  that  of 
the  head.  There  arc  no  gilt  rakers,  but  the  anterior  arch  bears  9  or  lolow 
tubercles.  Color  ill  spiritM.  a  ligljt  olive  lirown  above,  yellowish  Ik-Iow: 
belly  wbit«;  a  lurge  dark  brown  blot<-b,  iiiitrkcd  with  white,  ext«iul» 
from  the  ba.si>  of  the  spinous  dorsal  down  upon  the  side  to  the  bitM'of  tho 
[lei'toriil  lin,  being  darkest  just  beliiud  the  operenbir  llap;  a  fteeond  niin- 
ilar,  but  narrower,  liluteli  on  tbo  l>aik  from  the  s<'venth  to  the  tenth  dor- 
sal rays  extend.*  obliquely  down  and  forward  to  below  the  latoral  linr.  ; 
a  third  faint  btotcli  on  the  bai-k,  :it  the  etui  of  tbc  «oft  dorsal;  in  addi- 
tion then'  are  mniierons  .■^mailer  spot''  and  blot<'hes  along  the  lateral  line, 
and  a  triaugularB2)ut  on  the  raiulal  poduncle  at  thuOAudal  lta««;  ebeek» 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  Atncrica.     1913 


brown,  tnarblpU  with  yellow;  dorsal,  caudal,  and  pt-utoral  fiim  with  nar- 
row black  traDN verse  baudu;  u  ilark  ttpot  ou  i\m  pectoral  Uu  uear  it»  baao; 
anal  aud  veatraltt  colorleaa. 

Conoeming  its  ocourence  in  AlaHka.  Dr.  (Jilbort  observes: 

"  Not  hitLerto  recorded  froiu  I'iicific  watei"H.  Our  sperimens  are  more 
coiiatiint  in  their  ♦■hiiractfrB  th;»ii  tlie  Athintio  ijiilividiiulu  roporti-d  on  by 
Collett  (Iteii  Noraka  Nord-Hava  Kxiiwlition,  lf»W),  'X>).  A  dutiuilo  narrow 
band  of  tine  pt  iL-kloa  )^xtoii<ls  aloii^  the  npp<T  l^dg•^  of  the  dorNsiI  Heriea  of 
pli«ti'»,  uauiiUy  occupying  testt  than  \  tiio  spiice  bctwren  ]plateH  and  base 
«»f  doraali),  and  extending  posteriorly  to  end  of  soft  dtiraiil.  Similar 
prickles  i-ovor  top  and  widcs  of  bciul.  The  platfs  of  tli«<  lateral  lino 
invariably  oxtund  to  tho  root  of  t!u>  caitdal  iin,  and  the  dorsal  iteries  to 
tht!  I>ack  of  th6  caudal  pediinilo.  None  of  the  specimcuB  bofure  us  lias 
pliitfB  along  th«  brtao  <d'  tho  anal  liu.  The  npecica  diflVrM  loiispiciioiialy 
from  IctliiH  njiiniyrr  and  /<.'(7h»  riinaUciiliitiDi  in  Uiiving  a  deep  pit  iiii  oct'i- 
put,  bniiiided  laterally  by  high  occipital  ridgea,  i^ach  of  which  bcara  2 
ruuudrd  prutuitieuceH  or  spiiii-B.  The  preoperuulitr  spines  are  longer  aud 
abarper,  and  tho  bifiiteation  of  the  ti]i])or  Hpinc  deeper  than  in  the  apucica 
uieiittoncd.  In  '2  individuals  thi'  upjxT  opine  In  tril"iircat<-,  tho  branches 
very  long  and  curving  upward.  The  tin  rays  in  (j  8p<-ciu)eu8  are  jw  fol- 
lows: Dorsal  VIII,  i!ll;  IX,  19;  IX, 21;  IX. 20;  IX.L'O;  IX,  lit.  Anal  Hi,  IB, 
15,  17.  16,  1.5,  TheHB  average  slightly  higher  thaa  c<)nnt«  of  Atlantie 
spoclmeuH,  none  of  which  is  at  band  for  coni]iariBoii.  The  Pacific  form 
may  prove  apecifivally  si'parable.  The  «pecies  is  not  abnndautly  rcpre- 
seuted  in  our  collection.  It  waa  taken  only  withiu  a  Itiiiitcd  area  north 
of  L'HJuiak  Island,  in  depths  of  17^  to  4U  fathoms,  at  .ill>iiirota  ^jtatious 
y.'5l),  3"J5L',  3253,  :j254,  3255,  and  3256. '' 

Arctic  seas;  circtimpolar,  if  all  wpociniens  naiued  birorniit  and  hamatNB 
belong  to  one  sperieN,  which  is  doiibtfni.  .Spitzbergeu  to  northern  liii'<.-dn, 
l-'iiilaod,  Alaska,  Labrador,  and  (.'ape  Cod;  abundant  about  Ureenlaud  in 
2  to  1(10  fathouiH.     Length  6  iiiche«.     (Eu.)     {biLvmia,  twu-liorued.) 

OoUUM  MMrnij,'  KBurOAauT,  Viil.  avUV.  Natiir.  Math.  Arb.,  vni,  1$I8, 7S,  QrccDtand, 

Omlridtrmichthyf  bieurnit.  GL'.vrnBR,  Cat.,  n,  172, 1800. 

lutui  trfromit,  JuBOAM  &  QlLBBItl,  Syaopsia, 693 ;  GtLBEUT,  Kt>pU  U.S.  Fiab-Comm.  1803 

<1880),  411. 
letttu  liamiiiu:  KrOtbr,  Kat.  HiKt.  Tidiwkr..   i,  'ZS'.I,  1M4,   Belsund   in  Spitxbergen; 

GCmtukb,  Cat.,  II,  172;  Ot'.vTHRa.  Challenger  K«pun,  .xxn.  03;  Collktt,  Norgex  Ki»ke, 

35;  Collktt,  Furh-  Vid.  .SeUk.  ClirUt..  U,  1880;  (Iollktt.  NoiHk  Noi-dh.Kiped.,  Fi»lte. 

34,  lab.  I,  tig.  Bi  Nyt  Max.  t,  N'litnrvid.,  xvni.  56,  IHHi;  LUtken,  Ksra-Hnvcta  Kifku  in 

Dijmphna-Togtet.,  123;  bOTKB.v,  Vid.  Mot.  Nat-  For,,  92, 11*76;  Sth''im,  SonV.  VId.  Selak. 

Skrift,,  18,  18M;  Lilljebobo,  Sverig.  ooU  Sorjj.  Kl»ke,  164;  OBEaKL,  Proo.  U.  8.  Nat. 

Miu.  1884, 3S:. 
Ittlmtpmtger,  Malm,  Forhandl. Skand.  Matorf.,  9  Mol«,  4lu,  1JW>,  Bobualla,  Swedes. 


'  According  to  Dr.  I.iilkcn,  fl'illiu  bienrnit  it  Identleal  witli  /wb«  haiiiuhit,  tbU  o|>iDton 
WinK  LiUHtNl  nn  H  drawing  ul  hicornu  left  li.T  Keinlinrdl.  Liitkcn  jiIho  lliiiiks  that  Cnltuii 
piiUiriB  inav  !•«  llui  numi'  lliili.  (.'itttu*  polfiri*  i«  naiil  to  liiive  D.  V^I  In  ^'^l,  la;  A.  14; 
rWhafcieoniMWiwiiaid  tipliavcU.  VIII,  ir>:  A.  14:  wliUv  la /"ftw  Aoi»!«'«#,  ColU-tt  tMiunta 
D,  Vai,  19;  A.  1.1.  Lulken,  1).  IX,  18  «r  1»;  A.  U  or  IB. 
3030 13 


1914         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Afuseum. 


SMS.  K'ELt'S  SPIXIGKK,  Gilbert. 

Head  2i  to  3;  depth  5;  eye  3  to  3^  in  hiad.  D.  IX,  20;  A.  17;  P.  18;  V. 
I,  3.  Closely  roBeiubliiig  Icr\*»  bieoimia,  but  ditTeriiig  coiiHpiuuonsly  in  the 
amiutiire  of  the  dorsal  Hfrici  of  plate*  iu  the  compiirativtly  plane  occipnt, 
and  in  other  I'hariictvrH.  C:iudul  jifldiiiiclit  very  elt-nder,  ita  doptb  Ui  in 
orbit;  moittU  l.'tr^e,  the  maxillary  reaching  Nli|j;litly  beyond  luidillo  of 
orbit,  ita  length  i  lioad;  tveth  very  linely  villiforui,  pn-tttMit  in  rather  wide 
liands  in  juwx  and  on  vuuier  and  palatini^  bone«;  nasal  spinea  strong, 
ao)titniied  by  the  high  aoconding  proreAHcs  of  the  prKiiiaxiUaritMi;  inter- 
orbitHl  8|ia(.'e  very  niirrow,  )n"f>ovi>d,  it«  width  less  than  i  diameter  of 
pupil;  orbital  rim  becoining  elovatud  anteriorly  and  poeteriorly.  and,  «t 
tin-  Itittor  point,  Hlroii;;l,v  donticuluteil ;  behind  the  orbital  rcg^ioii,  tbe 
■  iL-ripiit  Ih  Hhullowly  i-on''itve,  being  bounded  laterally  by  2  low,  evwUj 
rounded  litlgeet,  which  bccomo  narrower  po^tortorly,  and  eud  e»oli  in  a 
strong  8pine  projecting  backward  in  line  with  the  sories  of  dorsal  priokleti; 
preopereiilar  wpines  ainiilur  to  tho»e  of  Icrliit  hicorHU,  the  nppennoet,  as  in 
the  latter,  occasionally  Hiinpk-  instead  of  bifiireste;  the  iiecond  spilt* 
nHually  directed  otrnight  backward,  and  the  2  following  downward  and 
forward;  gill  inetulinini-s  broadly  nnitcd,  free  from  the  isthmus,  and 
neither  jiore  nor  ttlit  b<-btnd  the  iiiigeruioat  gill;  branehiostegala  6;  eye 
large,  li)ngL'r  than  snout;  a  slender  tentacle  present  over  the  posterior 
part  of  oat'h  orbit;  ii  series  of  plutes  Iroui  nape  along  oaeb  side  of  donuUa 
to  bai'k  of  eaiidat  pedniu^ln,  and  ii  Hccond  series  along  lat(.'ral  line,  as  in 
leclu*  hironitH ;  the  dorsal  series  with  28  to  35  plates,  each  of  which  bears 
at  itM  eeutui'  u  single  Htinng  spine  directed  outward  and  backward.  In 
tcilua  buvnii",  each  plate  is  traversed  by  an  iil>ti<|nr  ridge,  the  margin  of 
which  in  deiitiiMilated,  the  eeiitrul  tooth  being  the  strongest  and  ror- 
reuponding  to  the  singli' spine  present  in  Jrrluti  tjiiniijrr.  The  latter  agrees 
with  hilitt  lanaUciilatut  in  having  an  inner  Heries  nf  dorsal  plates  alter- 
nating with  the  prineipal  Huries,  each  of  the  siuiiller  plates  bearing  a 
initiate  prickle,  discernible  with  ditlicnity.  Tbe  platee  along  the  lat«'ral 
line,  11  to  44  in  iniiuber,  are  similar  to  those  in  IrrUu  bitornu,  having  their 
iipfkcr  and  jioBteriur  free  niargiiiB  serrulate.  A  few  scattered  spinous 
pl.'itcn  present  iu  axillary  region.  Dorsal  tins  not  connoeted,  the  spines 
very  HitMider  and  rather  high;  pectorals  long,  reaching  front  of  anal; 
vontrais  not  reaching  vent.  Color  light  olivacecnis  above,  white  l>eIow; 
upper  jiarts  mottled  with  dark  brown;  back  with  4  faint  black  oroaa  bars 
the  lirst  uuilur  spinon**  dor»<,'il.  tbe  second  and  third  under  soft  duntal,  tbi« 
fourth  at  bjvso  of  earidal;  ii  brown  blotch  on  cheek,  1  on  bast-  of  pectoral. 
and  ai!  irregular  series  iitong  full  length  of  body  just  under  the  lateral 
line;  2  )jniniineut  liLick  blotches  on  first  dorsal;  the  second  duraal, 
caudal,  anrl  pectoral  barred;  other  tiiiM  unmarked;  mouth  and  gill  eavity 
white.  Coast  of  Alaska;  numerous  specimens  from  AII>alross  Station* 
3216,  3224,  3225,  :«2d.  82-.7,  32.^H,  3263,  32»i7,  327»,  3279, 32K),  32»2,  3302, 3311, 
3334,  iu  17  to  121  fathoms.    Tboae  statioua  are  located  iu  the  viciuitjr  of 


ITiiiilaska  Islund  and  in  Bristol  U»,y,  Aloitkn.  *  (Gilbert. )    (^gpiniijur,  bearing 
spiueH.) 

Irrltu  Mjiiiiiyrr,  liiiJBtjn,  U«pL  U.  &  Fisb  Comm.  1893  (1886),  412,  pi.  24,  Briatoi  Bay  and 
Unalaska,  at  Albatross  Stations  3116,  3133.  and  elsewhere,  in  17  to  tii  fathoms. 


2S»iJ.  UKblS  KIUTOPS.  lU:ua. 

H.Ma3;  <l.-ptli  h'f.  D.  IX.  23;  A.  18;  V.  J,  3;  lat.Tr»l  Um»  -13.  Kj" 
.'tliiiiit  twirr  ri.H  lung  iih  Hiiiiiit  siiid  i  ;u\  \t>Ufi  UN  lii^ail.  MiiNillit  Kcurcr'ly 
cxt«'iiiliiP)j;  til  lic-lnw  iiiiiUtli'  of  I'jo;  iiit<-iiirliit:il  xjjucc  abiiiit  i  li-iigtli  nf 
eye;  oi'iijuit  with  3  Kiiiiirn;  pi'i'tural  i-xtemllii;;  to  iiliovt-  h<'i-<»ii<I  rti.v  of 
IMUll ;  jircojiiTi'li"  iilltli'ii  iiHiii  IriiuK  8cnli<iii;  voini-r  iiinl  |t.'il;iti<  wi-ll  timtlied; 
Itn.'iil  sCtUi'il  <u*  in  irilitx  mulliier;  latiTol  Itiii*  i-iiiitpiiHi'il  i>f  riiiMctl  t'lKi't*;  a 
«itinli'  Heiii's  ti(  «piny  sculca  on  back  iilonj;  U.iBe  of  <l(ii"8ii).s;  lnitnrliinflU-jfal 
luoiiibniiH'S  liroailly  iinitiMl,  fri-t'  from  itttUiuiis;  slit  bobjii'l  ImnI  yill  olino- 
lt't«.  Spiiiaii!^  iloi'8:il  Uiw.  its  hini^rst  itpiiii-  li-su  tluiii  Jt  ti'.iiiL;tli  of  lii-iul. 
Four  «1urk  IiuimIk  iutoas  l>:k<'k,  tiR'  tirNt  over  tlio  4<uil  (hf  tbt<  ajiinous  lU^rsul, 
'2  on  till'  ttoft  lUiraal.  uiut  1  at  bji««  of  criuila!.  Gi'tieriil  culur  li^rht 
brown.     Bering;  .'<ra,  ol!"  Trinity  IslutHlB.     (Bcjin.) 

Dr.  (litliiM-t  lism  tlic  folIowiiiK  luiU'i*  011  1  of  tlu'  f<>typ<'a  (No.  45.367,  U.  8. 
Nut.  Mn»,^  of  IckIii*  lari/ofiK,  kiniily  bjflui-il  by  Dr.  Ili-;iii :  Spi-clnien  77  iiiin. 
tnii^,  <>.5  unit,  to  biiHi>  of  cuuiImI  I'lri.  Ilt-ail  'i'J  niiij.  toi'iul  (»f  ogii  rrtil;irMpiii<-; 
ilcpth  U;  orbit  10*;  finontaf;  maxilliiry  11;  iiitt-rorbital  widtliJJ;.  Ilorsal 
IX,'_'3;  anal  tW;  pci-torul  IH;  caudal  !t  (divided  rayn).  rreopiTi-iilavspini-s 
ao  ill  Iiilim  vii-iiialiii.  tin"  iiplicr  Hpiii<<  abnormal  on  1  .liib*,  Hbowiii);  [I  points 
instead  of  3;  brlovv  tlir  forked  .spiuo  are  3  otIuT.s,  1  ilirert4-d  backwanl 
and  a  iittli*  dowinvjinl,  1  nearly  vertically  downward,  and  1  douTiwurd 
and  forward;  iiiisiil  spines  strong;  occipital  ridjjca  obviouH  with  4^aHily 
perceplildi^  dlendcr  HpincM,  about  as  in  Ivelui  ririnali»,  t^roudl.V  rounded 
antK-riorly.  scarcely  rld(;*'-like  iiniil  inimo<Iiitt<dy  in  front  of  HpiitcH.  Head 
ratlier  cloHcly  inveitt<-d  with  H<-uIeH,  scarcely  nn  roiiKb  or  so  nuiiieroDs  at« 
in  lmtii»  ricinalig,  lint  more  ho  than  in  Ivelun  ranalimitatuii;  opercle  covi'red 
with  sraleft.  FibillleliM  art  ill  Iriliit  liriHilHn;  1  pair  above  eyea,  1  aiiti-- 
riorly  on  occiput,  ami  I  ("-cupyinH:  tij)*  of  o<-cipital  sidnes;  the  pair  on 
opercle  cannot  lie  made  out.  Ariuatiire  of  body  iin  in  less  gtroti({ly  siab-d 
upecinK'UM  of  /ci/h!' cici««/i«;  lateral  liin' jirovided  with  the  unuiiI  NpjooiiH 
fictth'S,  43  or  44  in  number ;  40  (scales  in  the  ilorsal  .-ierieH,  which  exteiMls  to 
ha.se  uf  caudal:  above  it  a  rather  trovvded  [rrcguliir  serieH  of  Miualtcr 
scale-like  prickles,  mime  of  which  are  larmier  than  tlic  othorn  and  alternate 
rather  rej^ubirly  witli  the  phiti's  ou  the  principal  series;  piist»'riorIy  the 
8maller  of  the  upper  8i>ric8  are  ali.sent,  the  alternatiun  larger  otieM  alone 
preseut;  10  or  12  amall  spinoas  platus  arc  irregularly  disposed  bvtwcon 


*  S|iooiiiiens  were  obtnined  In  ISM  li)  tbo  Albalrottai  Stations  3G43  iioii  SMi.otr  T'rovust- 
nmvu.  KiiiiHbirlkJi.  iii  ine  anil  IMj  rBtlinnio.  Fruinli'S  uf  tliis  xjiflcicn  itcrni  iiinro  npinoiu 
thti'n  iiml*«.    Tlif  uplnit  on  «ni>r«nrliitjil  ri<l)!e  nrc  liielii'r,  thu  xiilxirMtal  «li>y  In  fmjuBul' 

firuville<l  with  J  lew  xpinoiiH  poiutH,  ami  the  t<i|i  uiiil  '•iilrs  iif  head,  a."  wi  II  as  tbu  I 
lu  dursol doiiea  uriiiiuuua  gtlatvs.  iiuiy  bo  thickly  livscl  with  nuiall  iiriikles. 


1916         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


lateral  line  and  dorsal  Herios;  a  patch  of  ttpinouB  pl»t(<ii  behind  pecttinklti. 
Color  vvideutly  an  in  Ic*lui  ricinalU,  though  very  greatly  £&ded  from 
expoHure  to  liffht ;  the  back  Hhows  trac-i>(»  of  2  dark  <toh8  bars  under  soft 
dorsal;  1  occupies  end  of  randnl  pcduncl<>,  and  a  very  indistluot  ono 
extends  downward  from  Hpinous  dornal  which  Ih  black  ponteriorly ;  belly 
uud  under  parts  );enernlly  duBt^nl  with  tint!  black  Hpecks,  the  iathmui! 
Incoming  abruptly  wliit«'';  nontril  tube  white;  snbocular  region  blackish 
the  color  continued  forward  into  the  preorbital,  opposite  the  front  cud  of 
which  it  crosses  upper  and  lower  lips;  a  dark  blotch  ou  moxillar}'  iu 
odvauce  of  tip ;  pectorals  dusky.     (eOprs,  wide;  o3^t,  eye.) 

le^u*  euryopt,  llBAM.  Proc.  U.  8.  Nat.  Mna.  1890,  41,  off  Trinity  Islands,  M  AltmtFoaa 
Station  aSss-    (Typo,  No.  453«7,  U.  S.  N.  M.) 

3294.  Il'ELl'N  VIl'INALIK.  Cilbert. 

Head  3]  to  Si;  depth  5f.  1).  IX,  21  to  23;  A.  18;  1'.  16;  C.  9.  This 
species  is  extremely  close  both  to  Ivrlui  wnuHculatut,  with  which  it  was 
found  associated,  and  to  Jcelut  euryopt,  Bean.  From  Icclug  cunaliculatv* 
it  diiters  in  the  following  respects:  The  coloration,  though  similar  iu  pat- 
t(«m  is  much  lighter.  The  belly  is  dusky,  but  not  deep  brown ;  the  isth- 
mus usually  becomes  abruptly  whit<i  under  the  branchiostcgal  membranes, 
and  the  latter  are  white  or  dusky,  not  bliu'  black  as  in  Ictltu  canaliculattu. 
The  floor  and  anterior  part  of  the  roof  of  the  mouth  and  the  gill  cavitios 
are  white,  not  blackish.  The  nostril  tube  is  white,  not  black.  The  occip- 
ital ridge  is  lower  and  less  <-ons|>icuou8,  and  the  spines  shorter,  bat  both 
are  obvious.  The  small  spinous  point  on  suborbital  stay  is  l(;ss  developed. 
The  dorsal  spint^s  are  9  in  niinilx^r  in  all  our  specimens.  A  closely  crowded 
series  or  naiTow  band  of  prickles  accompanies  the  doreal  scries  as  iu  Jeeliu 
canaHculfitiis.  It  is  noticeable,  however,  that  those  oC  thi^  series  which 
occupy  a  position  corrcspomliiig  to  the  intei'space  betwi'cii  tint  dorsal 
plates  arc  somewhat  enlarged,  and  recall  the  alt'crnatiiig  plat^-s  of /c<7inii«. 
The  region  bi-twecn  tlic  lateral  line  ami  the  dorsal  wries  is  almost  com- 
ph>tely  iuvest<rd  with  spinous  scales  in  most  specimons,  while  in  IctIus 
caniiliriiluluii  few  or  none  are  present.  The  head  is  d<Misely  covered  with 
small  spinous  scales  or  prtckl<-s  especially  unmeroiis  ou  to]>  of  head,  and 
<iii  oixTcle.  In  IftluK  tiiiiHlivHlutun  the  head  is  either  naked  or  sparsely 
covered  and  the  operclcs  almost  or  rpiite  naked.  Three  pairs  of  Bleud(<r 
iilaments  on  top  of  head,  the  anterior  pair  the  largest,  placed  above  back 
of  orbit;  the  second  ]>air  in  front  of  aud  slightly  within  the  occipital 
ridges,  the  third  ]>air  on  occipital  spines.  An  additional  pair  on  opercles 
seems  to  be  less  constant.  The  supraocular  pair  alone  is  prescMtt  iu  Ivvhia 
canalumlaliiB.  Thi;  nincous  canals  and  ]>ores,  though  large,  are  less  devel- 
oped than  in  Icelus  canaliculntus,  the  fish  having,  in  general,  the  bathybial 
characteristics  less  pronounced.  The  agreement  with  Icclug  curyops  is 
closer  thau  with  IrAui  candUi-ulalua.  In  fact,  it  8e«'ms  to  difl'er  from  Icelut 
curyops  only  in  the  much  smaller  <'ye  aud  the  somewhat  wider  interorbitai 
space,  agreeing  with  Icrlna  furyopn  in  all  those  resi)ects  in  which  it  differs 
from  Icelua  canaliculnlut.     In  Icclua  ridnulia  the  eye  is  2|  to  3  iu  head,  aud 


Jordan  and  Evermanu. — Fhht's  of  North  America.     1917 


lint  1)  times  length  of  Hnuiit,  ami  the  l(>!Uit  itit<-rurt)ital  width  ia  11  or  t3 
titiii^s  ill  beail.  Id  lnlu»  riir^ujin  frotypi-,  No.  45307,  I'.  S.  Nut.  Miia. ),  the 
e.ve  iit  '2\  tiiuos  in  huuti  iiiiil  twiro  tlie  leni,'tii  of  tlic  snout,  ami  thi<  Irawt 
intororbital  width  Iti  timc-M  in  hrjul.  It  cloi-ii  not  a«'<'ni  prolinlilo  thnt  tho 
apoi'i<-8  will  varjr  to  that  «.\tt!nt.  Maxillary  reaching  niiildlo  ol'  pnpil, 
2{  in  Iwiail.  irppur  prooprronlor  Bpino  sli-mh-i-,  forki»il  at  tip,  din-ctol 
■ipwiinl  and  backward,  tho  sm-ond  and  third  sptui-s  simple,  slcudt>r,  th« 
nerond  dirxcti'd  dDwuward  an<l  liai-kward,  the  third  downward  and  tor- 
ward.  IntiMorldtBl  sp!U"o  Bhallowly  gro"v<jd,  th<'  ttronve  widi-iiing  hai-k- 
ward  intii  uii  ooripitnl  depression  liuundi-d  in  front  liy  tht>  auuM-what 
idi-vutod  int<-ro('nlar  spiii'c,  lat"rally  by  th<*  oi-cipital  ridi;cH;  supruorbi- 
tal  rim  eh-vated  in  I'ront  aiul  behind;  meipital  ridKci*  hiw.  broad  and 
riiiinded  anteriorly,  liorominj;  narrower  and  uiori'  ere«t-liki-  poMtiTinrly. 
lu  lulditiou  til  the  prickloH  and  plates  alreudy  mentioned,  there  id  »  band 
of  HpioouH  »ealeH  behind  axil  of  jieetoruls.  Spinous  durmil  low,  the  long- 
est apiue  2{  in  liead.  the  lon^'OHt  ray  of  Hol't  doihul  :.'  in  head:  jKiituriild 
renrhiuf;  beKiuuiiig  of  huriroiital  portion  <if  hiterul  line,  the  lower  rays 
thickened,  their  membrnncs  ineisi^d:  veiiirab  «hort,  searcely  reat-hinf; 
vent.  Anal  papilJ*  Inrgo.  Color  in  spirita;  light  brown  otiove,  with  -I 
Idaekish  croM  bare,  1  iin<ler  Hpinoim  domul  joining  the  dark  axillary  pateh, 
2  under  soft  dors.il  und  I  at  lia.se  of  tail  merging  into  the  unifiiriii  deep 
brown  of  the  under  part.A;  beud  light  brown  aliove  und  below;  aiiliociiliir 
ring  dark  bniwn,  this  HtteiiU  wi<leuing  forwuril  and  crossing  npiier  and 
lower  lips;  a  snwill  patch  at  baNc  of  exposed  portion  of  maxillary ;  opere|» 
blaeki9h;  upper  luilf  of  pectorals  light,  with  or  without  .i  brown  baiwi 
liar,  the  diHtril  portion  iudiKlin'tlv  burred  with  light  biown;  lower  hiilf 
of  pe<'torul8,  and  all  of  ventriiU*  dark  brown,  or  bla<'k;  doritala  blarkinh. 
darkOHt  above  the  errmo  bars  on  buck;  iiniil  black ;  caudal  whitish,  duMky 
above  toward  tip.  Bristol  Hay.  Al.nska,  where  mimeroii.i  specimonM,  TM 
to  110  mm.  long,  were  obtained  by  the  Alhatrom  at  depths  of  VB,  S51, 
STiO,  and  tiMi  fathoMH,  respeetirely.  (Gillirrt.)  (rirJMa2i«,  near,  to  /iv(if« 
mryopt. ) 
teelut  vMnati*.  <rii.liCKT,  Ropt  V.  ,S.  FUli  Crinini.  19p:i  (IxiMl),  41.1.  Bristol  Bay,  Alaska,  at 

AlbatroR*  Stations  3324,  3330.  3331,  and  3331,  In  tog  to  406  fathoms.     (Ty]><<,  lfi>. 

«*737.) 

ti9i.  UKU-K  rUALUTLATrs,  Ollliart. 


Head:Uo:ii;  deptlKi.  I).  VII  or  VIII,  US  or  24  ;  A.  lit;  P.  Ifi;  V.  13;  bt- 
erul  line  -13  to  lli.  A  4lu«p-watur  spniiie.'),  with  coiispicuoiiH  mnenns  ciinala 
and  poriw,  thin  eraniitl  bones,  and  rither  plain  bliickiMh  coloration.  In 
other  characters  it  stands  soniewh.-it  intermediate  betw<-eii  hxl uji  hirarnit 
rind  Irrlm  spiniijer.  The  dorsiil  phit«e  hiive  the  serrnhited  cross  ridge 
of  Jcrlun  bicovHi*,  the  oocijiut  is  (ihnllowly  comiivi-,  with  low  bound- 
ing ridges  ending  behind  in  strong  spines,  and  thi.>  poMterior  rim  of  the 
orbit  is  elevated  and  denticulated,  as  In  Ir-ilMH  tfiifujet.  In  its  anterior 
|K>rtionii,  at  leant,  the  Herie'4  of  dorsal  pl:ii«8  is  iieeompanied  above  by 
a  more  or  le^is  irregular  niw  of  Mniiiller  plain's,  which  altornate  with  the 
larger  plates,  and  bear  each  a  small  spiio'.     ( 'undid  peduncle  lung  and 


very  sleiultT,  its  <I«ptb   ieos  than  i  its  1ftig:th.      Maxillary  re.-i4biiiK  to 
or  neiirly  to  v««rti<-jil  from  niitldlr  of  orbit,  21  to  2?    in    leii^li  of  b#a«l; 
jaws  wnik;  t«i'th  villiforiii.  witli  wiilcncd  b,i«e,    in    iitrtileratn  bauiiA  on 
jaws,  vomer,  iiixl  pulatiiios;  iiiisiil  eiiiiu-s  atroiijr,  projeotiiig  nttuve  »  tr»n». 
vrrHc  ilopresflioii  wliirli  crosses  titioiit   iuiiuiMli.-itely   on    front   of  orbit*: 
iiit<<rorbitnl  8p:ice   narrow,  iU  least  wiiltb  3J   tiiiiei*    in    orbit,    its  width 
whiilly  occupied   by  the  2  c-uiispinioitH  HiipraitrbituI  uiiicoiia  caiiaIs;  orrtA 
put  a   shalliiwly  dt-proxwd  pit,  boiimled  aiitiTiorly  by   the    raisexl  orbital] 
rejrion,  laterally  by  biw  roiiiKlcd  riiljjcs  ea<'h  of  which  terniiuufes  bobiiid  in  f 
H   vrry  stroll^;  spine;  prcuperi  ular  spiti«>«  Bleiulir    Mini    sharp,  tbe   ap]MY-| 
most  dirwteil  very  obli(Hii'ly  upward,  Blinr]ily  iioLcbed  jit  tip-  the  s«coiii][ 
Biid  tliird  ar«  ilirrctcd  downward  and  backward,  the  luvriTUicMt  dowllW4^l 
and  forward;  bony  stay  iK^ro.ss  <'be«k  conspicuously  <levt>]oi><-d,  and  bear- 1 
iiig  a  distinct  spine  just  behind  «^yr ;  a  »«!rii'S  of  tnnrous  slifci  :4.bitii;  undrr 
side  of  Huborbital  stay;  u  Nliarp  spinv   on  subopercln;    j^ill    iii«iiibraijc* 
broadly  uuited.  frri<  from  isthniaN;  bruiiibiiistegals  6;   h  distinct  filit-bk« 
jMjre  behind  fourth  ^11;  ©ye  bir^e,  3  in  bead,  loiipw  thtm  Hiioiit:  top  aimI 
sidi-8  ol"  lii-ad  with  many  niinuto  scutteri-d  whitish  pori^a,-  a   iiiinut«  liU- 
iniMit  msir  tips  of  maxillary  ;  jilates  of  liiU.*ral  lino  43  to  16  in  nuuiber,  their 
uppiT  and  posterior  edf;cR  free,  dentirulated  ;  dorsal  series  with  45  plat««, 
oaili  of  which  is  crossed  obliquely  by  a  raised  spiny  ridge,  the  central  p«»r- 
ttifi>  of  wUieh  is  htf^-ln-st;  between  the  upper  angles  of  these  plates  aofcond 
serieH  of  small  platt^s  ait«riiatin;»  with   the  Urst,  eaeb   be4irinv;   a  spiae  or 
prickb',  these  spitu's  occasionally  donbled  or  trebl«d,  «'8peciallT  in  the 
Linteriur  part  of  tbe  series,  mid   rerall   strikinKly  the   urriin^^uient   in 
Icclinat;  axil  of  pectorals  with  'M  to  2G  plates  similar  to  those  uf  Isit«<ral 
line,  and  showing;  n  tendency  to  a  regular  ;trrangemcnt;  2  or  3  sitnilar 
platea  atoii^  anterior  part  of  base  of  anal,  and  a  few  scattered   pljites 
on  I'acb  wide  botwct^n  lateral  and  dorsal  series.     Color  lijjlit  oli^ai-eona 
above,  bliiikisli  bebiw,  except  lower  Jaw;  back  with  4  black   i-russ  bar*. 
evident,   bat  not  eonHpicuous;    opereles   bbnk;    fiiig  all   dark;    p«ictor»l« 
inottl«d  with  Hiatfl  color;  base  of  canilal  tin  li^bt;  month  and  giU  CMvity 
dark.     Length  5  inches,     liering  Sea,  north  of  Uualaskn,  iu  deep  water. 
(Oill>ert.)     (vanalirulaluji,  with  small  rauiils.) 

Jcehm  ranalirulaluii.  Omjibht.  Kept.  I'.S.  Fisli  Oomm.  1W3  (18M),4U,lU.a4, off  Unali 
at  Albatross  Station  3339.  in  399  rathoms. 

38»0.  I«EU!i  AI'STRAUN,  ElgtiDnmno  &:  Eigonroann. 

Head:!;  depth?;  oye  3  in  head;  ni.ixillary  2.  Hody  ronnded  in  tran» 
vi'rsc  ficction,  scarcely  romprcsse*!  in  the  abdominal  region,  ta{M-riiig  from 
tbr'  Hhonlileirt  to  tile  Hlender  tail.  Month  large,  the  maxillarif's  rcacbiii" 
bcyiiiiil  pupil,  iluciput  without  ridges  invnpiiK»s;  intcrocularKpaecBligbtly 
grooved,  vi-ry  nairow,  its  width  about  f  the  diarnetrrof  the  pupil;  profilr 
straight;  upper  preiipercular  spine  rather  short,  simply  dilat4>d  M.  the 
extremity  or  witli  a  Ningle  upward-directed  spine  near  its  tip;  3  simple 
flpincN  below  it.  Dellyand  an  interrupted  b.tnil  along  (he  Midos  vrhite; 
a  Borlea  of  blockish  itpot«  or  iuterrup ted  baud  uloug  the  aidea.    Corte* 


i 


Jordan  and  Evennann. — Fishes  of  North  America. 

Rftiik«,  off  8«n  Dlpgo.  Typw«,  2  Bp<»ciin(>nn,  0.04  »n«l  «>.ii5  in.  to  bn,'«<  of  cau- 
dal, in  15  fftthom.s.  These  8]>i>ciiii('iin  wrro  taken  from  I  hi-  Htmiiafb  of  Srluit- 
lodti  mintii/Mit  a|id  an-  g)iirl1y  iligi'^^tud.  Tli<^  iiiial  siml  <1oif(uI  titiH  liav<-  all 
dlaftppi-ari'd.  Tin-  diiitiiton  and  arniatiiri^  of  (Ik-  linid  iixtiiatii  that  iliiH 
Bp«citM  is  closely  n'lati'd  to  lirHnits  iittudriteriatu*,  uf  ^'bii'li  it  ia  jxiKNiMy 
the  yonii|gr.  (Eigoniuann,)  Avery  imperfectly  known  spi-oien,  iint  seen 
by  IIS,  ]i<'i'lia]is  not  bi^longiiig  to  loelut,  but  appaivntly  ncari-st  that  ^oiiiia, 
(auslvali*,  Boutlioni.) 

Teeiwr  atutralii,  EiOKNMANN  ft  BmENHANN,  WmI  Ajiier.  Sol.  ]M\),  I!ll,  Cortcji  Baoka, 
California.    (ColL.  C  H.  KigeuiuouD.) 

718.  RADULINUS,  Oilb.rt. 
KaduUnuf,  GiuiKHT,  Troo.  T".  S.  Nai.  Mim.  Imwi.Bk  (mrjutUut). 

Bo<ly  very  slender.  Opercular  spinoH  2.  SpiiiouH  itonnnl  sUort,  tb«  snft 
(Inrftal  ami  anal  viry  lon^.  Gill  iiicinbrani-H  broadly  iinit<-d.  jioatiTiorly 
free  froRi  isthums,  \o  Rlit  bi-biiid  limt  gill.  Hruad  liiiibds  o(  caKliroiiii 
tcetli  ou  Jaws,  a  siingli-  writ'*  on  vom«<r;  no  tci-tli  on  paliiltucH.  Preopercli* 
with  2  short,  simple  Kpini-H.  Veiitratg  I,  3.  f*i<li'R  .-irun'rl  with  a  8<>rii'8  of 
lar^(>,  keelfd,  BpinoiiH  plates  alun^  laltTal  liii<>;  Huuihtr  plates  on  ht'ad; 
no  muallvr  Bcak's.     Pacillc  coast,     (radula,  a  acrapc^r. ) 

a.  Ejra  aoull,  3)  In  bead :  interorbital  ipaca  naked.  DOUtoiDM,  2207. 

an.  Eye  Iarg«r.  alMiit  2]  In  Lead ;  lnl«rurl>ital  tpaoe  armed  wltli  i<|>iiimiii  (ilutrs. 

ASPRJUXIIB,  3286. 

Ii4»7.  BAI>ITI.I\118  BULKOIDEN,  Gilbert,  nrw  aiieciBa. 

Head  4  in  length;  depth  9;  eyn  :iif  in  heail  (2}^  in  /{.  a«;)r<'f/N«of  thnsume 
■ize);  HDont  UJ ;  niaxilliiry  2?.  D.  XI,  '■!2;  A.  Zi;  iiec-tural  \><;  ventnila 
I,  3;  42  platOH  in  the  dorsal  norieH.  Head  and  body  very  f^longato,  dn- 
prxgHcd  antiriinly,  Uw  oicipnt  uid«r  and  tl.'itter  than  in  J{.  a»i)r<tfu»; 
anont  long,  di'pri'.t.m-d  unit  tapi-ring,  iiiiirh  a»  in  tlie  Divitertt;  iuterorbit;il 
space  very  narrow,  abnut  j  diameter  of  pupil;  nmntb  horizontal,  at  lower 
aide  of  »nout,  the  maxillary  roucbinj;  a  vi-rtii'til  which  triivt^rgi-.H  eyo  mid- 
way bctwteu  ita  front  and  front  of  pupil.  Kino  teeth  in  bands  iu.jaws 
and  on  vomer,  none  on  palatines.  In  K.  a»}irelluH,  also,  the  vomerine  teeth 
are  in  a  band,  not  in  a  Mingle  aeries  lu  stated  in  the  original  description. 
Brnnc-hioKteg:iI  membranes  broadly  united,  wholly  free  from  the  isthmus 
in  the  typo.  lu  I'.  a»prillitf  the  ^ill  niembraneH  vary  in  tbi»  respect,  being 
Homctinies  vvhoJly  free  from  the  isthtuiuH,  sometiHiin  attached  for  j  <ir 
mom  thai!  i  their  width,  rreojierele  with  "i  short  siiiiple  apiuea,  the 
upper  sflender  and  »b»rp,  directed  backward  and  uli^htly  n])wai'd,  the 
lower  l)i-oa<!or  and  shctrter,  directed  backward  and  downward;  below  and 
iu  front  of  these  lire  2  ruiindcil  pniuiinnnees  which  boiir  no  spines;  opi-rrle 
ending  in  a  triangular  proeens  which  ia  scarcely  spine-like;  nasal  spines 
rather  snmll,  a  de]ir6ssion  betwtmn  and  behind  tbem;  no  Hpiiies  on  orbital 
rim,  which  is  not  at  all  raised;  the  narrow  iuteroibital  space  not  grooved; 
oreipnt  broad  and  tiat  without  ridgen  or  Hpines;  ,1  Hiender  lilanieiit  on 
opper  posterior  border  or  orbit  and  a  ttiiuilar  lilftiuent  on  each  side  uf  oocl- 


J 


1920         liuUctin  ^7.  United  States  National  Museum. 


pnt  on  it«  posterior  Hue.  Body  with  a  dorsal  scries  of  imbric-uted  spinoiu 
plates  similar  to  those  in  11.  (upreUu$ ;  bnt  the  plates  are  smaller,  with 
less  evident  keels  and  shorter  spinex;  along  its  anterior  third  the  series  is 
accompauied  above  by  a  narrow  band  of  smaller  plates,  which  are  oon- 
tinaed  anteriorly  on  sides  of  occiput,  and  merge  anteriorly  into  the  patch 
behind  the  eyes ;  posterior  yK>rtiou  of  snout,  the  opcroles,  and  the  posterior 
line  of  occipnt  with  spinous  scales;  head  otherwise  naked.  Vertical  fins 
with  long  slender  rays  as  in  R.  atprelluH ;  dorsal  iius  separate,  but  the 
int«r8pace  less  thau  diameter  of  pnpil;  distance  from  front  of  anal  to  vent 
eqnaliug  }  diameter  of  orbit;  ventrals  short,  reaching  halfway  to  front 
of  aual ;  pectorals  reaching  slightly  beyond  front  of  anal,  J  length  of 
bead.  Color  light  olive  or  grayish,  the  loAvcr  parts  unmarked,  the  breast 
and  belly  silvery;  back  crossed  by  4  wide  browniHh-olive  cross  bars,  the 
anterior  of  which  under  spinous  dorsal  becomes  merged  into  the  general 
brownish-olive  coloration  of  upper  portion  of  head  and  nape;  edges  of 
bands  sharply  defined  and  markeil  with  concave  indentations  where 
encroached  upon  by  roundish  light-colored  areas;  spaces  between  bands 
slightly  dusky  and  marked  with  some  in'egular,  small,  dark  blotches 
along  middle  of  sides;  anteriorly  on  the  back  are  pairs  of  ronnd,  light- 
oolored  spots  with  darker  edges,  some  of  thorn  showing  silvery  pigments; 
a  small  silvery  spot  above  base  of  each  pectoral  fin;  a  narrow  dark  lino 
across  occiput  behind  eyes;  dusky  bloti'hes  on  checks;  a  dark  bar  across 
maxillary  and  lip;  a  pair  on  maxillaries;  2  faint  dark  bars  on  the  caudal 
fin,  the  tins  otherwise  translurout  or  whitish,  nnniarked,  diflcring  from 
HaduliHue  asprrllug  in  tlie  much  smaller  eye,  the  scaled  interorbital  space, 
the  presence  of  supraocular  and  occipital  filaments,  the  smaller  size  and 
weaker  spines  of  plates  of  the  dorsal  series,  ami  the  different  coloration. 
Only  the  type  known,  a  young  female  72  mm.  long  (No.  48705,  U.  S.  Nat. 
Miis.)fr(im  J ^/>a/ro«»  Station  3A()4,  off  Santa  Calalina  Island,  (California,  in 
59  rathoniH.  {/ioAi'c,  dart;  /:m5oc, resemblance  fiom  its  marked  likeness  to 
the  Darter,  Iloleusoma. ) 

S80K.  RADI'LIM'S  ASI>RKI.Li:s,  (lilbert. 

Head  41  to  4i;  depth  Hi  to  9i.  I).  VIII  to  X,  21  or  22;  A.  23  or  24;  lat- 
eral lino  3X  to  40.  Body  very  elongate,  tlie  greatest  depth  at  occiput, 
11  in  width  of  liea<l.  Hody  subquadrate  in  cross  section,  the  upper  angles 
being  formed  by  the  keel  of  lateral  plates,  tapering  gently  to  the  very 
slender,  flat  caudal  peduncle,  everywhere  as  wide  a.s  or  wider  than  deep. 
Eyes  large,  closely  ap])roximatod,  the  interorbital  space  very  narrow, 
not  grooved,  less  than  i  pupil;  orbit  2j  to  '2'i  in  head.  Mouth  smalt, 
reaching  front  of  pnpil,  2}  iu  head.  I'reoi>crcular  s|>ine8  2  only,  short, 
simple,  the  lower  directed  backward,  the  ui)per  backward  and  upward; 
nasal  spines  long  and  strong,  a  depression  behind  them;  bead  other- 
wise smooth;  occiput  not  ridged;  a  scries  of  l;irge,  keeled,  spinous 
plates  along  lateral  line,  running  high  on  sides,  their  free  edge  tunied 
obliquely  upward,  and  armed  with  from  1  to  several  long  spines  mcsially, 
and  shorter  ones  abovi-  and  below;  a  row  of  minute  si>inoiis  plates 
along  upper  edge  of  series  antitriorly,  the  series  along  lateral  line  con- 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1921 


tinned  forward  f>n  top  of  hend,  rnfidinK  itB  fellow  in  a  V-8hap«'d  pntrh 
tllliiij;  posterior  potlioiv  o)' inti>n>r)>ital  spat'p;  siiriilar  plates  on  Bnnnt  aud 
operr.le,  tilt*  hea<l  uiul  Imdy  ntkerwiBe  n:iki-i!.  lu  ituss  eectiou  th(i  plate»i 
mark  an  siluiipt  inigle,  lfi«  ha''k  lioiiig  Hut,  thi'  aidfs  vertical.  Dorsal 
Hpinett  Nleiidvr.  tlin  :.'  liiiH  weli  supiirat<Ml;  rays  nt'  Haft  dortisil  and  iimil 
very  sleiidiT,  ratluT  lonj;;  CHiittiil  tninooto  or  round<Hl,  j  liwad;  poctoials 
with  18  or  \\i  rnvH,  ruurkinir  tn  or  nearly  to  vout;  aniil  piipilla  vnry  lun^ 
iti  nialva,  more  tbati  ^  heail.  Color  light  idivaeeoiiM,  with  a  aeries  of 
fllonpato,  narrow,  Itrown  HtrciikH  alon;*  iniddh^  of  sides,  the  latter  also 
finely  jjnnrtsittj  with  lil;ick;  ii  dark  stroak  iti  front  of  eyi<;  tins  trans- 
lacent,  tho  dorsiils.  pvcturiils,  aud  •■atuliil  withHOue  black  spotting,  which 
abowH  a  tendtncy  tt)  form  bsira;  iiiiiil  uin)  vcMitruIs  white.  Length  h  to  C' 
inches.  Coasts  of  Orpj;on  iiud  Washiiiptoii,  tho  types  from  depths  of  from 
43  to  77  fathoms.  Also  found  in  I'lipet  .Sunnd  by  Mr.  .Starks.  (Uilbert.) 
(atper,  roinfh;  axprellus,  a  dimiuiitiTe  from  Aipro,  a  Keiius  of  I'ercida.) 

Iladiilinut  atpreUiit,  CtlLUEBT,  Proo.  V.  S.  Nat.  Mu».  1«I0.  »*.  off  Oregon  and  Waahing- 
ton,  at  AJbatroaa  Stationa  3046,  3037,  3058,  3059  (Typ«,  Nii.  43006) ;  JoBDAV  Ic  STAUKf, 
Proo.  Cal.  Ae.  Bel.  1886,  806.  pi.  81. 


719.  STELGISTRUM.  .Jordan  &  GUlmrt,  new  genns. 

ftlsljjUtrum,  Jordan  &  OU.BKRT,  Fiahea  uf  BeriDK  Soa,  in  Far  Seal  InveaL  for  1800,  1897 

MS.  {itfjnrijrri). 

Shaped  as  in  UnnUrimlotm,  whirh  il  resembles  in  appoaranco  but  with 
whieli  it  is  not  tdostly  nOated.  (Sill  membruues  widely  joiucd  across  the 
thruut,  wholly  fieti  from  the  iNthmiis.  Te4>th  on  jaws  uiul  vomer,  nuii»;  on 
palatint's.  No  slit  or  port>  bi'hind  last  pill.  Upper  pieopert^iliir  spine 
siniplL-,  gimtly  tijitnrved,  ft  short  spines  below  it.  No  oi>erciiliir  rib  or 
spine.  Nasal  sjiines  sliort  aud  stniiig.  Vert<!x  without  spines  or  ridj;es 
aud  without  lotig  tontaidcs.  Spinous  dorsal  without  antortur  noti'b,  the 
vertical  lins  all  faw-rayed.  A  sorie.sof  plak'S  along  lateral  lilm  aud  a  band 
aloii^  the  hack  which  merges  anteriorly  into  the  miVMS  of  minute  plates 
covering  to})  and  sides  of  heiul.  Ventrals  I,  3,  without  w'tn-.  V«>ot  iui- 
mediately  before  origin  uf  anal.     (artXyidrpov,  soraper.) 

29W.  STGLUISTKCN  KTKJ.MCUKKI,  Jardan  &  Gilbert 

Head  21.  in  length;  depth  31.  D.  IX,  17;  A.  13;  P.  16;  candal  with 
9  divided  rays;  lateral  hne  with  '10  platfs;  lower  series  of  dorsal  baud 
containing  Xi  to  .tH  ])late8.  Head  narrowly  wed|;('-ahap<'d,  tapering 
upward;  widlli  below  eyi>H  equaling  length  of  snout  and  }  "vo;  width 
at  prt^operclort  equaling  <lepth  at  occiput.  Month  larjco,  slightly  oblique, 
the  wide  maxillary  reiichiui;  vertical  bclitml  pupil,  0((uitliug  length  of 
snont  and  eye,  A  length  of  head.  Teeth  small,  nnil'ornL,  iu  narrow 
bauds  on  jaws  and  voiiior;  palatines  toothless.  A  docp  ojiked  trans- 
verse groove  between  na«al  spines  and  front  of  orbits;  orbital  rims 
moderately  elevated,  the  interorbital  spare  very  narrow,  channeled; 
oocipnt  Hat  or  slightly  coneavo,  angulatod  along  lines  running  backward 
from  orbits,  but  without  spines  or  ridges;   a  slender  hlament  above  each 


* 


1 


eye,  2  miiintt^  pitin  nlong  sides  of  occiput,  1  on  iiiborbital  at»y,  1  on 
iiiiixillary,  and  a  fi3w  on  plutes  of  latenil  line:  no  ousal  cirri,  aone  along 
eCifie  of  proojteroii?;  upper  preoperciilar  spiuo  genily  curv'e<l  upward, 
without  ciiaps  or  procoHscs;  l>elow  it  3  stiort  spines,  the  first  dir«<ct«il 
biickward,  tlie  seroud  vertically  downward,  the  third,  somewhat  longer, 
directed  downward  ami  furward.  Eyes  suiiill,  the  diameter  equaling 
luu>;tli  of  fluoiit,  i  lorijftli  of  head  luvasarod  to  eud  of  opercular  flap; 
ititerorliilal  widtli  eijualinj;  dianii-ter  of  |»ii]iil.  Straight  portion  of  lateml 
liun  longer  than  the  ol>lii|nely  placi^d  aatiTior  portion,  which  is  not 
Htrongly  riirred;  pIiiteH  cif  lati^ral  liuo  Htrongly  Hpinous  ou  their  npper  fr«« 
edges,  and  (if  similar  iiod  nearly  e<]a:il  size  thronghoat;  dorsal  band  con- 
tinued oil  to  Imck  of  caiiditl  puduncle,  whore  it  in  oontinnoua  with  the 
band  of  tlir  opptmitc  ytuli^,  the  lower  plates  of  the  hand  in  a  detinite 
k'ngtliwisf.  series  and  ua  liirge  us  those  of  lateral  linn  or  si ightly  larger, 
the  other  jdtites  of  the  band  dect-easiug  rapidly  in  siT^e  toward  base  of  tin, 
where  they  are  minute.  Thoy  are  purtiiiliy  arranged  in  scries  running 
obiirincly  u]>ward  and  baekward  frnni  (he  lower  larger  plates  to  the  baM.« 
ufthe  dorital  riivH,  on  whirh  they  extend  for  at  least  ^  the  height  of  ray. 
Dontal  HpinBH  with  niinnt«  spinous  plates  extending  almost  or  quite  to 
their  lijis.  The  t«iioiit,  t<ij)  of  hoail,  nape,  8uborhit:il  ring,  opercleA.  and 
cheek  abovii  the  Hubnrhital  stay  ruvi-red  with  minute  plates  similar  to 
the  ii]iper  }iart  of  dureal  b;i.nd,  with  which  the  invested  area  qn  top  of 
Inad  is  contiauoua;  side.-*  below  Iiit'eral  lino  naked  except  for  a  few  platr« 
behind  itsil.  IhirsalM  divid«<l  to  (h«  base,  the  last  spine  extremely  short, 
its  nienihrnne  Joining  extreme  base  of  the  first  soft  ray;  spinous  dorsal 
low.  of  slentler  weak  spines,  tin-  longest  ray  i  length  of  head;  longest  soft 
ray  L'i  in  heail;  anal  beginning  under  third  ray  of  soft  dorsal,  ending 
under  its  fourteenth  ray;  eandal  peduncle  xlender,  its  least  width  i  its 
length;  fieciorals  broad  and  short,  all  siniplo,  the  lower  thickeuod  with 
moderattdy  im-ised  uieuiliraues,  the  eighth  to  the  tenth  rays  the  longest, 
extending  beyond  veitieal  from  origin  of  anal;  ventrals  not  reaching 
vent,  2,1  in  head,  firound  eolor  lirrht  grayish  olive;  lower  part  of  sides 
regularly  rctii'tilated  with  narrow  dusky  lines;  a  dusky  cross  b.ir  from 
base  of  posterior  dorsal  spine.'*  mid  forward  to  aril;  a  8<>coiid  much  broader 
bar  from  front  of  soft  dorsal,  ending  irregularly  below  where  it  mergM 
into  the  reticidiitiug  lines;  n  third  hroiwi  bar,  less  clearly  defined,  under 
posterior  jjortion  of  mift  dorsal;  a  eonspieuous  broad  V-shaped  blotch  at 
bane  of  caiidal,  the  apex  direrted  forward;  a  faint  dark  streak  from  eye 
forward  to  tip  of  mandible,  .and  n  ero.ss  bar  behind  eyes,  continued  faintly 
on  to  check  ;  spinoun  dori^ial  with  a  small  dark  spot  on  anterior  and  I  on 
posterior  siiiues;  rays  of  soft  dorsal  and  cniidui  with  dasky  markings  so 
arrungod  as  to  form  line  eross  burs;  terminal  half  of  peetorala  finely  eross- 
barfed,  the  proximal  half  plain,  with  a  large  dusky  blotch  ou  e.vtreine 
biise;  anal  very  fiintly  barred;  ventrnls  unmarked.  Bering  .Sea,  off 
Kohbon  Island;  one  spoeimun  513  mm.  long,  dredge*!  in  10  fathoms. 
(Namcil  for  Dr.  Leonhard  Stejneger,  Carntor  of  KeptUes  in  the  U.  S. 
National  Museum.) 

ftttlflittrum  itejntgtrx,  Jokpa-v  Sl  fliLBEBT.  FiBhcs  Rcrltig  Se*,  In  Itspt.  Fnr  S«al  iavact. 
lor  1896,  1897  MS.,  Robben  Island  {OoW.  Slbatrotl.) 


• 


I 

4 


Jordan  and  Evcrmanv . — Fishes  of  North  America.     1923 


720.  TRIGLOPS,  l{i<iii]ini(h. 

Try/ln/f,  Reivhartit,  VM.  ScUk.  Notur.  Mill  li   A  f  h.,  v.  IKIL',  53  ipinffeli) 

Kody  ralliiT  i-lotigato,  llii-  tail  Ti^ry  Hlciidcr.  ilcltil  Altiull  »tiil  coin- 
pri'hfnil.  Month  romlcrato;  villifonTi  trrtli  on  j»wn  nud  Totnor,  iiotir  on 
the  p.-il.atincB;  proop<TciiliirKpiiict«  4,  small,  Hiniplc;  IksuI  prickly,  bnt with- 
out ncalns:  rt  rf>w  (if  rnliiij{<-il  pliitc-likr  «C!il<««  almi^  tln<  liitcnil  liiK>;  n 
Kimilnr  row  iibov<«  it  at  the  Ui»«f  of  thi-  ilorniil  Ihi;  thf  Mpucc  botwwu  tlKW 
ilfUM-ly  pricklv;  lower  half  of  hoily  croaju-il  nt  nliort  iiitcrvida  by  traiix. 
vrra<'  nniliilatiiig  foli1,->  of  Akin,  thi<  vt\^f  of  tlir  t'obl  with  niintit<<  roiigk 
hi-aIi'h,  ciLiiMinK  il  to  aiipi'iir  Hhjirply  nn<l  fiiirly  wiT;»tr,  thr^e  crotts  foUK 
bfiii^  I'l'tilly  roinirtl  by  liiniii  Ih'n  of  tin'  hit<-r:il  liiii-.  Uill  int*inbraiirk 
niiiti'il,  fi'i>r>  from  thi<  iHthiuii!>;  :i  iliHtiiwL  xlit  behind  last  gill.  DofMl 
KpiiM'N  rtitlii-r  1ii|;li  itiid  idrniler;  vrritrMln  I,  3.  Arelic  wjui,  {Triyla;  mi/>, 
itppi'iiraDCi';  the  Irannvfrsi'  fobU  ri-wnjblinj;  the  lat<-riil  plati*  of  Trigla.'t 

a.  Broiiit  rroMPil  by  rol4f>  of  akin  nimilar  to  IIiom  uu  I>o<I,v. 

I>.  Eye  UKHlrralr,  3  to  3)  In  timul;  iiiiuillury  Hnd  lower  iwrt  of  obeek  wltliout. 

(irlrklt-ii,  maxillary  2  to  'J^  iu  be»<l .  acin  dnniKl  iif  '23  lo  30  rava. 

c.  Hack  olirnocous.  varied  with  diu-kcr:  Uua  luritely  priokly:  eye  abont  3  It 

bwd.    AtlODtk.  I'lNinoi,  230U. 

ec.  Backnllvaceoiu,  witli  *  block,  (addlc-lrke  blot«lie»;  oye  3}  to  3|  iu  bvud, 

fin;)  long  ijrii'kly.     I'lu-itlc.  BBAtn.  S101 

bb.  Eyfl  rt-ry  Ivrsi',  'H  in  heud :  niuxillary  and  lover  port  of  cboek  prickly ;  ninTll 

lory  21  to  n  ia  h«tid :  soft  dvnal  of  21  tv  23  rayo,  aomsvova,  2302 

MM.  TRItiLOPH  PlXOIill,  RainliuMt 

HeiMl  3).  D.  Xn-2o;  k.'Jo;  V.  19;  V.  4;  M^a!eA48;  <<ye3  in  ht^&A.  Bnniit 
short  »nd  eliarp;  eyeH  large,  larger  than  lungtli  of  Hnout;  iQterorbit;<l 
pace  equiil  to  dianiet<'r  of  ttnpil;  jiiWA  subei|iuil;  t4-etli  niinnt^*,  on  Jawit 
ml  Vomer.  IIikIv  above  and  licad  olimely  covered  with  minute  granahi- 
tion!«;  encircling  the  orbit  ih  a  Heriei<  of  ttuiuU  warty  i>rotnlii>raur4-x;  |in<- 
opurcle  with  -4  small  i*pine,s  but  slightly  projeeting  beyond  the  skin,  the 
nppennotit  pointing  npwnrd  and  baekward,  the  otherN  downward;  no 
spines  tMi  operrle;  na.sal  Hpines  pienent ;  abovi' the  lateral  line  the  wboli> 
of  the  body  in  rough  with  grannlationN,  b«'low  with  ubliqne  and  ilentut4< 
nienibranaceonN  fold>>;  47  to  49  dentate  OHm.'ous  i>lat.eH  along  lat^-ntl  line;  a 
wrie-H  of  Hpine.s  along  the  ba«e  of  cb>r»ulH,  eeaaing  under  the  middle  of  tiee- 
oud  doptal.  Space  between  doraula  uliotil  e4|ual  to  the  diameter  of  pupil, 
all  the  ray'>  wlender  and  v<ry  hrittli-f  llist  dorsal  a  little  hi;:hef  th.-m  i«-e. 
ond.  Olivaceous,  somewhat  varii-gat.<<d  witi)  darker;  tin"  baiTi"*! ;  a  >M'rii>8 
of  (hmky  apotit  along  Miden;  an  ocidlat^'d  black  npot  ou  poaterior  part  of 
opinoiiM  dorwjil,  (Collett.)  MaleH  larger  tlmti  fomiilea  and  mneh  mor«> 
eoiuiiiuu.  North  Allanl  ie,  fi-oiu  Spitsbergen  »n<l  we.steiti  Norway  to  Ore«'n- 
land  and  oonth  to  Capi-  Co<i  lutd  ChriMtianMiind,  in  lather  dei-p  water;  not 
rare  in  lO  to  151)  fathoms.     Length  !H  inehea,    (Ea.)    (A  prrHunal  name.) 

Trinlnp,  pinytll,  itlcixiLMipr,  Vld.  ScUk-TTatOT.,  T,  1X32.  52,  Qrcenland, 

Tryjiiiyt  iilettrutl>el>im,C'ivr.,  Phh;.  Ar.  Nat.  Sri.  I'hila.  ima,  Bl,  Oodhavn,  Greenland  (niiat 

ray»  ST) :  G( '^<-rMilu.  Cot.,  it.  1T.1 :  Ll'rKKK,  Vid.  Modd.  ^'aturll.  yorou.  KJubeali.  1870.  tta, 

iOKDXH  &  GIL.BEIIT,  SyiioiMia.  713. 


1924  Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


SSOl.  TKMiLMI'N  BKAM.  UllbPrl. 

Hoail  S^tnSil;  <lcpt1i  H;  ftioiit   loiigrr  tliiin  oyo,  31    r^  ^  in  hpsd: 
3it«  3f ;  P.  X  or  XI,  2;i  to  Wi;  A.  LU  to  I'li;  C.  12;  I*.  18;  V.  1,3;  latrrvtl 
liiu'lH  I0  50;  )triuji'lii«>;<(ogiilM  H.     Body  heiivy  lit  HlioiiMcrs,  tiipvriiigrapullT  ' 
t4i  Hlt'iidi^r  I'.'kiiiliil  ]ifiliiuel<-;  di'pth  of  oaiiilal  pviluiiclo  \  ilM  ]ciif;ili  itvta 
\\\\HP  nC  IikhI.  iliirHiil    ray;  jtrcati'Mt   wiiltli   of  lu<:ul    Hliglirty    Ij-^jm    tluiti  itii 
di'ptJi.  itH  litwrr  pnilitf  htr;iii;jlit,   lln»  iipprr  ilrsfeniliiig   in  ii  n'^'itlr,  rrrii 
cjirvi";  jimiitli  iii'iirty  Imrizntitjil,  X\w  tnaxithiry  iilmuNt  ri>achiiig  Vfrtkal 
frntii  iui<UU4>  i>f  <'yi',  2,';  U\  'l\  in  li(>a<l;  villiform  tot'lli  on  jaws  un<l  viutifT. 
lion*'    on    pill  lit  inns;    Hupniiirbitiil    rim    Mliglitly    elcvat«<<l,    ii    gT<>ovi<-likv 
(Irpri'Haioii  lit'liiiiil  it;  inttTorhiriil  Npacp  nitlif-r  wi<lo,  funning  n  xlirUlav 
groovi*,  it«i  widtli  ?t\  to  5  in  iliauirtrr  <)f  orhit;  occipital  liil^i-M  ctlmulrlr, 
a  faint  tnici!  <»f  llieiii  KonK'timcs  jjri'mMit,  iiovct  ending  in  11  8pinc  ;  opcnrlr 
wirli  4  HpiiioiiN  points,  the  Imvi-riiin.Mt  (lirootM  ilnwiiwanl  iiuii  forwunl.  Ibc 
iitlii'i'M  riMlintiiig  ilownwiinl  luul   liack\v:ir<l.     BranrliiiiMtrgii]  racniliraiiM 
liroaclly  iiijii«*tl,  frcti  from  tln'  iNlhiuiiH.     LiingCHt  ilorsijl  Hpini*  Z\  U>  4  in 
hi-iiil ;  tiiUHt'  4.)f  HpiiiDUK  iloi-xtil  i  ,''^   to  \\  ill  ln'iul;  of  ttuft  ilorsul  '1\  to  Din 
Ifiigtii  of  hciiil  iihd  liody;  Icugtli  <il'  ha««'  of  ninil  2{'n  in  \wim\  «nd  IknI}-; 
Ciiiiilal  HligliHy  I'luiirgiiiatt',  li-,V  '"  iK'ad.     H<mi<1  ami  iippiT  part  of  Innly 
di-iiRi'lyi-oviTi'il  wilL  vt-ry  line  prickles,  nmch  tiiicr  than  in  Triij  I  opt  orr pi  ieu4; 
lowiT  siil»>  of  lii'sul,  tliii  niaxillarit'H,  and  n  imirow  ulrip  :ilotiK  the  loitrr 
Hide  of  (')i(H-k  naki'd;  the  iixual  Httricx  of  i'lilurgi-il  pricklvH  along  tin-  iMtM* 
of  dorsal h;  lati-ral  fohU  few  in  niiiiili<T,  Hrarci'ly  ••xi-i-cding  tin-  m-iitfr*  uf 
the  latcriil  line;  llu-y  Icavi*  a  wiiU*,  naked  strip   along  tln<  linsf  of  aiiul 
luid  do  not  <'iai-ircli- Itic  caudal  pi-dmoh'  lii'low;  lir<<aHt  with  5  or  6  ••nw» 
fold(»  miiiiilur  to  tlio«<>  on  tli(«  ntdi-H,  tli<>  sralco  along  murgiiiH  of  fuliK  i^ry 
Hinajl,  tlKW*^  of  tnicppHniTo  foldw  widi'Iy  Hcpurnt.t>(l,  not  ovcrliipping  tw  in 
Trii/lopa  iripHritt.    Color  light  olivo  hrown  atiovp,  wliitish  on  lower  parln 
nf  Niili>s  and    ladow;  tlii<  lirc^nAt   nnd   holly,  inc-lnding  area   in   front  of 
p<>ftoralt<,  nilviiry ;  liai-k  croHw.'d  with  1  Haddlf-whupi'd  Mai'k  hlotx'liof*,  nnwt 
di.'<(inrt  in  tlii>  niali'st;  the  liit<t  of  thi's*"  iiiulrr  th<' niiddli"  of  t!ii>  xpinous 
dorH.ll  and  i-xti-nding  id)Iif)ii«-ly  forward  to  the   iippi'r  axil    of  p<?(.-Tonil>s 
the  Ki'coiid  anil  third  iindi-r  thi'  noft  ilmsal.  narrowing  rapiilly  downw.ini 
t«  lateral  liii«\  the  ffMirth  on  the  back  of  caiiilal  podiiiiolo.     In  nialtvi,  the 
lowiM'  endu  of  these  croHH  Imrs  are  I'onneittMl  hy  a  narrow  U*ngtliwiM<  Ji-I- 
hljK'li  Ntresik,  ('Kt^•nding  from  whontder  below  lat<'ral  lino  nearly  to  liiiMMif 
i-aiulal,  th<'  narrow  interval  liefwecn  this  streak  anil  Intrrnl  line  ttccn]iin] 
by  u  bright  silvery  Nlivak,  iiiternipted  liy  the  cro^s  bars;  n  blnck  Idotfh  nt 
liaae  of  upper  and  1  at  ha^e  of  lower  eaiidal  rays;  a  itmall  hlurk  i^put  nnU 
tipH  of  the  onti^r  eaudal  ray8,  the  Mil  otherwiHe  iinniurk(<d;  an  indi«tinrt. 
dimky  hioteh  below  the  eye,  and   ii  duxky  xtreak  along   nnd«>r   ftide  of 
nnborbital  wtay,  pxt^'nding  forward  along  the  margin  of  the  prcorhii«l  to 
tipof  Hnoiit;  n  bloteh  on  middle  of  maxillary  and  npperlip;  front  of  lowrr 
lip  dni^ky;  a  dark  bloti-h  on  opeivle,  ami  a  dnsky  baron  branehiostcgitl 
nieinliraneH.     In  the  femnles  the  general  paltern  nf  eolurntion  is  the  umr, 
Init  the  darker  uiarkingn  are  lesn  iliHtiiiet,  and  the  blaek  lateral  Htrcak  of 

the    males    i«    ir|HeHi'iifrd    liy    a   tli»iiiniier-ti-d    serii'»    of    ilTegnlnr,    ilaik 

Llutvkuu  uud  vui'imculutiuiiM.     lu  buLh  acxuu  thu  dorsuhi  and  pvc'toraisi 


Jordan  and  Evtrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     1925 


cniwu'il  liy  naiTiiw,  (Insky  l>iir*,  ftirnii'il  l>y  wrioM  of  ilark  str<?ak»  tin  tlii< 
rayh;  moiitJi  vvhiliHh;  ^ill  lavity  «ilvciy  wiiitc,  with  tlii'  cxcfjituin  ol"  tlii> 
lining  of  tho  opcn'li'  Jiml  tln>  iinfcr  luilf  <»f  lnjni<'lii(>Kt(»(;n.|  uu'iiilmiiu-n, 
wUioli  lire  rluHky.  Tliin  iw  t-ln''  I'iu  ifii-  rcprrHi'iitativi'  of  \\w,  Atlaiitii- 
Tii</h'jif  piiiyrti,  Iruiii  wliicli  it  ilift'i-r«  in  tln^  jjri'dti'i  pili'inliTiiisn  nf  llm 
biidy,  jmrtii'iiliuiy  of  tln^  fjiinjjil  pcduni'li-,  in  l!ni  Huuinwliat  HiualltT  vyt\ 
thu  ini>rt<  poiiitod  siiont,  llii-  li^iw  <iun  MulHlivi»ioii  of  tlin  hiU'ral  foldh,  tin* 
U-tiH  r<tmplftr  iiivi-Htrnciit  of  tin*  linn  with  prickly  hciiIck,  hikI,  alittvr  nil, 
in  4hi>  ])('(Mili:i.r  ciilitratiaii  of  tlu>  idiiIo.  AlaKktk  to  I'li^i-t  S<mukI;  Uikt^ii 
very  alniiidaiitly  liy  tin*  .ilhalru»ii  al  Htatioii!<  loiati'd  l)oth  north  anil  south 
iif  flin  Aliiitiuii  Ifilamlh  ;niil  in  liiistitl  Buy;  also  from  about  St.  Paul  iHlanil 
in  'Ji  to  37  tathoiii;s,  olf  Karliik  iit  ^1  t'atliomN,  iind  i)tT  H<>tih<>n  IhIuuiI  in 
JH  fathutux,  and  liy  Mr.  .Stark»in  I'n^it  SmiiuiI,  Mir  dv)itli«  raiiginj;  from 
KM  to  4:^  t'atlioni.--:  .Hpci  jnirnHHL'  tul40miu.  iu  Icu^th.  (Uiiburt).  (Naiui-il 
for  Dr.  Tai'lcton  ILoHiuaii  Bi-aii.j 

Triylopi  jnnijcti,  BEAN,  l'rO«-.  t".  S.  Nftl.  Mas.  1833,  355:  not  of  KEINRAUDT. 

Tri-fl"!'!  Orani.  (,u.HZur,  Kniil.  V.  S.  Finli  (Juiiiui.  I81M  (IKIMl.  <2K,  pi.  28,  1]^. 'J,  Aleutian 

Islands,  Bristol  Bay,  al  Albatms  Stations  3114,  3317,  and  many  otiieni,  in  7i  tu  4a 

fathoms. 

SSOS.  THHJtOPS  »<-EPTK'FS,  Gilbert. 

Hmd  3i  to  Si;  depth  5li  Ut  Tii.  D.  Xl-21  to  23;  A.  2^  to  24;  P.  lil  (18  on 
leftsiilu  iu  2  8iiw.imons);  V,  I,  3;  C.  12-12-12;  lateral  lino  Hi  or  47;  bran- 
chiustuyalB  6.  Hody  vrry  robust,  the  npiKT  iirutilo  dustmidiajj;  rapidly  from 
front  of  dorsal  iu  a  regular  ciirvo  to  (t|i  of  short  huuiU;  least  depth  of 
L-aiidnl  pi'diiiic:lE«  4|  to  -IJ  in  its  Ifugtli  from  baHC  of  l.'i«t  anal  ray.  Itviid  of 
modtTiite  lL-u};tb,  \tn  width  lit  (o  2  iu  its  length;  ina.xillary  ri'aihing  Ut  or 
ueurlv  to  vertical  from  iiiiildio  of  jinpil.  2|  to2i  iu  hi'ail;  niandible  wlinhtly 
projecting.  Teuth  ou  jitws  and  vomer,  iiouo  on  ]ialutincM;  2  Idnnt  upiueB 
ou  occiput.  Kyo  vi-ry  large,  l^  liities  tli«  interorbilal  width,  and  2^  in 
head.  I'rcojicrcli:  ariiied  with  5  HUiall  apiuoiis  points,  the  nppur  one  ]uiint- 
iiig  upward  and  iKickwaril,  thoMt^uonrl  aud  third  buckHaid,  ami  tho  lo\v<-r 
2  pointing  forward  :  optirtdv  ondiiig  iu  a  triangular  Kpiutt.  l{raucliioHt«gal 
ua-nd»raiies  broadly  uoiti'd,  Irei'  from  th«  JHtlnuitH  poKtcriorly.  The  upper 
part  of  the  lioily  and  the  top  and  Kidca  of  IioimI,  including  all  of  chcuk, 
tbu  lowir,  aut^rior,  and  upper  pints  of  eye,  and  esiio.Htd  portiou  id'  tho 
maxillary,  thickly  luvt-rod  with  ])rickly  platen,  uuich  larger,  more  apinouM 
aud  ecale-like  than  in  Tr'ujlopn  pimjili,  and  on  »id<-8  loosely  arrungud  in 
K(.'ri«B,  t3pini«  ivnd  rays  of  dnrsalB,  cauJal,  aud  pectoral  flnn  coverwl  with 
wrjcs  of  pricklc.i  nearly  to  their  tips,  except  tho  lo\v'er  thicki-ui'd  raye  of 
pet-tnralit,  which  arc  naked;  a  row  of  enlarged  ;ilate-1ike  scalcii  along  thu 
lateral  line,  btu-oining  very  indiatinot  poateriiirly,  more  numerous  and  leas 
•liHtinct  than  in  TrUjlopi  jiin;iiii,  38  in  uuinber  to  opposite  the  int»t  ray  of 
Mcond  dorsal;  a  siniilar  series  along  tbr  liaso  of  dorsal  lliis,  ending  opjio- 
sito  the  posterior  part  of  second  dorsal ;  lower  buif  of  body  ei08.ied  at  short 
intervalM  by  tranaversc  undulating  folds  of  skin,  about  ISO  in  number,  the 
edge  of  cadi  fold  with  hiuuII  rotigli  Hualcs  causing  it  to  appear  sliarply  aud 
linely  serrate,  these  scales  niiirli  larger  and  more  sjiiuouH  than  in  Triijhpv 
pinydi,  th(.>8«of  ttucct^sitivo  fuld»  iticotiajj  uudovi'ilapiiiug;  the  folds  luach- 


1926  Bulldin  47,  United  States  National  ^fuscum. 


111^  Iroiii  Inturiil  lino  qtiitu  u>  the  :iiiul  Hu.  tlud  tiebitni  tbe  anal  rompli-telj 
oncircl**  lbt«  cuiiil:il  i>eduiii.'U<.     In  Triglnpt  i>infirli,  the  space  nlon;;  the  aokl 
and  tbf>  InwiT  Hides  of  ciindiil  ]iedtinclp  ia  naked.     Dorsal    liiiii  not  eon- 
i)(<ot«'d,  the  ineiubniiie  fruin  liist  ilorHal  npinc  oouiicctiii^  with  extreme  l-n-r 
ol' tirnt  soft  ray;  Hpiuoiis  dorsal  hi(;her  than  Huftdorsitl,  the  dorsHi  Mpiat* 
contained  'Ji  times  in   length  of  he:ul;  ruyn  and   npineti  nlcDder;    hooo  of 
an»l  ei|nal  in  length  to  that  of  second  dorsal,  a  little  more  than  ^  IcuKlh 
of  liiMly;  (.'iiiiditi  truncate,  with  a  niiiijInT  of  short  atixiliary  ritvM  abovr 
and  below,  iind  VJ  fully  drvoloped  rnys,  each  of  which  is  twic«<  bifiire»t«; 
pectorul«  reuchiiifj  bi-yond  front  of  iinal,  the  longest  ray  I4  to  I|f  iii  length 
of  bead,  thu  lower  rays  riilarKt'd  and  exsertud,  forming  a  distinct  lolie, 
Biiuii-  of  the  rayH  of  which  are  longer  than  the  upper  part  of  (be  flo:   «en- 
Irula  r<!achin|r  beyond  vent,  very  narrow  at  ba»f,  inserted  eluNe  tocntfart. 
the  outer  ray  not  provi<lcd  nith  the  broad  meiubranHriMiua  flap  pn><H'nt  in 
Trujliiyn  piiKjcli.    Color  olivaceous  above,  li^ht  yellow  with  morn  or  !«•• 
silvery  oti  Hides  of  bead  and  lieily;   truccH  of  4  Middle-sbikped   bunds  of 
darker  color  ruaohiuK  iutoss  back  nud  below  lateral  line;   1  under  hr»t 
durHtkl,  1'  under  second  dorsal,  and  1  on  back  of  caudal  pednncle;  more  uc 
less  of  the  outer  portion  of  gill  nit-mbrunos  black,  od;;ed  pOHt«riorly  with 
white;  jrill  cavity  l>li«ck  ond  roof  of  month  dusky;  dorsal  nud  caodnl  lins 
indistinctly  blotched  with  black,  the  blotch  on  the  dorsal  correspoudlDK 
more  or  b'SS  closely  t<o  the  bins  uu  the  back ;  a  Isiif^e  bti\ck  blotch  on  upper 
part  of  pectoral  itud  on  aide  of  body  juitt  i>bo\e  axil ;  peritoneum  ailrery 
){rayifih.     Very  closely  related  to  Triijlopn  biani  and  Triglvp*  piuifrli,  hot 
dilT'eriug  in  the  following  respects :   The  eye  is  much  larger,   the  suont 
shorter,  iih<1  the  jinixilbiry  shorter  ami  broader     The  aiuxtllsry  bone  «.iiil 
the  lower  half  of  check  nro  iuveste<l  with  prickles,  not  nakwl.     The  lower 
thickened  pnrlion  of  llio  pectoral  tin  is  produced  to  form  a  lobe.     The 
HculcN  on  the  iijijier  half  of  tln'  body  are  much  coarser.     The  <lort<al  seri^Aof 
en):ir;;cd  pricklen  tiiuch  Imn  coiispicuouB.     The  lateral  folds  are  much  luorr 
iiuBjorouH,  iiveruKtu;;  ubout  4  to  1  pore  of  the  Intend  line,  reaching  to  or 
iieiirly  to  the  anal  liri  and  encircling  the  canilal  peduncle  below.     The  ven- 
tral tins  ar>-'  much  narrower  mid  nearer  toj{ether.     The  lateral  line  hofr  a 
nincb  tuoro  pruiiouuceil  tijtward  curve  over  Ihtf  base  of  the  pectorals.     A 
short,  Lifib  occipital  ridge  is  present,  but  doe«  not  teriiduate  in  s  diKtinot 
spine.     (Occipital   ridge  obsolete  in  hmni,  u  ban>  trace  of  it  sometime* 
r  iNiblc).    Aleutian  Islands;  several  ttpociinens,  from  tW  to  155 mm.  in  length, 
liikcii  from  south  of  8nnnuk  iuid  north  of  Unaloska  Island,  in  4'.)  to  K{8  fath- 
oms.    (Gilbert.)     {dxsnTtMdi:,  thoughtful,  retloctive,  in  refereoce  to  the 
apjiearance  given  by  the  large  eyes.) 

Tritil'jyi  iceylina.  Cin.HKUT,  Ropt.  t*.  S.  Fixli.  Com.  1893  (ISM),  i2B,  p).  28,  tg,  a.  Aleutian 
Islands,  at  Albatross  Stations  3*15, 31M,  and  other*,  in  43  to  138  fiitbons. 


731.  STERNtAS,  .Jordan  &  Evrrmann,  now  genus. 

A'(frnta>.  JORl>AX  \  Kvermaxk,  uew  gemis  (Trnntttthut), 

This  geuns  is  closely  related  to  Triglopi,  differing  chiefly  in  the  »p,ily 
breast,  whicli  is  not  cnisscd  by  folds  or  mucous  channels.    Back  and  head 

coarsely  scaled.     I'ocific.     (<Jrf/jKor,  breast.) 


Jordan  and  Evcmiann. — Fishes  of  North  America. 


SSOS.  HTKRNUN  XK2«ONTi:THrS((iill>»n). 

Hvud  about  \\\  d«|itli  *3;  eye  3,1  in  lieu^l:  siiuut  »].  II.  XI,  23;  A.  23; 
P.  16;  V.F,  3;  hUxivilliiui  43;  brani-liiosre^iiU  fi.  Body  oliitpoil  im  in  7Vij7- 
fo^M  innijrVx,  rath(<r  ln'avy  !«t  sliimldors,  ta(H^^ill(;  gl';idn5»lly  biickwiinl;  ou ti- 
dal pediiiiclo  alciidrr,  ita  lisiat  doplli  4}  in  its  length,  whirh  is  {  length 
of  head;  ii]>|m'T  prutilo  of  beud  dusce inline  rapidly  in  a  Htrung  ronvex 
curve,  unbruktin  to  ti)i  of  unnut;  tnuuth  lur^c,  umxillary  reaching  vurtii-nl 
from  middle  of  pupil,  '1\  in  head;  iiit«rnrbital  space  very  narrow,  \  orbit, 
the  orltitiil  riiu  not  idevatcd,  thi<  space  ueithor  ^ooved  nor  ridded;  a  jiair 
of  broadly  rniimb'd  rti-ci|>it;il  ridifcs,  nut  ending  in  spines:  nasal  Hpines 
short  and  iuconspicuoiitt,  a  broadly  noticeablo  de|)reftsion  behind  tbeni ;  pre- 
opcrole  with  \  ill-dermod  projoetions,  1  b«t^\-eell  each  nmeoua  pure,  but 
without  definite  spines;  gill  membranes  as  usual;  pectoral  rays  apparently 
nil  BiiDple,  the  lower  oneti  thiekenod;  prickles  covering  dor^tal  region  and 
buck  and  side**  of  head,  nnusnolly  connie  and  few  Lii  number;  the  usual 
HcrieM  of  enlarged  prickles  along  either  side  of  b;ise  of  dorsals;  folds  below 
latenil  linn  nnmernnfl,  very  obli'ine,  2  or  3  to  each  [date  of  the  lateral  line; 
on  sideM  of  abdotnen  anteriorly  to  vent,  the  prickly  wales  bordering  the 
folds  form  a  deni«e  uias;*  in  which  the  linear  arraugeiiiont  is  Htill  faintly 
visible;  breast  corernd  with  a  very  ilense  patch  of  .similar  rtcalew,  utill  more 
closely  crowde<l;  lower  i>art  of  eheckH,  opereles,  and  preorbital  region 
naked.  Very  light  grayish  above,  with  the  usual  I  cross  bars,  thiwe  under 
M>rt  dorsal  and  ou  back  of  tail  broader  than  usual;  under  partu  whitish, 
becoming  bright  hilvery  on  breast  and  belly;  a  t*erieH  of  irregular  Hilvery 
•white  blotK'hes  along  lower  margins  of  the  dorsal  cross  bars;  pectorals 
dut<ky  at  ba-ne  of  up])er  and  lower  rays,  with  2  convex  dnsky  tiars  on 
distal  half;  snout  and  cheeks  more  or  le>is  dnt<ky.  This  sjK-cies  differs 
widely  from  species  of  Tnglopg  in  the  tuvestment  of  the  breast,  which  is 
without  trace  of  folds  and  is  covered  by  small,  closely  imbricated  spiuous 
Bcalca,  not  arranged  in  series,  In  all  other  spoeies  of  Ttiiitnpn  the  breast 
is  crossed  by  a  few  cutaiieons  foldi  Biriiilar  to  those  on  sides  of  body.  In 
S,  jcnoilithii*  the  sidcH  of  the  abdoiiion  are  covered  similarly  t^o  the  bre;ist, 
but  the  Hcales  are  arranged  in  more  or  le.ss  evident  series,  e«>me  of  which 
can  be  traced  nliove  iut^i  the  cutitrieons  folils.  The  body  is  not  slender, 
tite  lateral  folds  are  not  very  numerous,  and  the  scales  ou  head  and  on  upper 
part  of  body  are  very  coarse.  Length  1*  inches.  Bering  Sea;  only  the 
type  known,     ((rilbcrt.)     (4<>os,  strange;  dr^^o;,  breast.) 

Trii/tvpi  XfHutMhu;  liiLimRT.  Bepl.  V.  8.  Ptoli  Comoi.  1803  (I8MI,  42U,  pL  2B,  fig.  2,  nortti  of 
Uaalaalta,  at  Albatross  Station  3aao,in  34  fathomii.    (T;pv  In  V,  S.  Nak  Mu».} 


7aa.  PRIONISTIUS,  Ikan. 

PrUmUtiui.  lltA.H  I'rw.  I*  S,  XaL  M«».  ISKi  335  (inoe««iM|. 

•  Thi'<  genus  in  allied  to  Trii]lopt,  ditlcriiig  in  the  following  roApeats:  The 
much  slenderer  form,  the  abMjnco  of  a  series  of  bony  tubercles  along  the 
bases  of  the  dorsal  fin»,  the  oloogation  of  the  cxsertcd  pector.'il  rays  so 
that  the  lower  portion  of  the  tin  is  considerably  longer  than  the  upp«r, 


the  |lrL^tlCllCo  ortM»iTalionsi>n  all  the  dorsal  spines  and  r>ii  tbe  firat  aoA  ray,  1 
anil  th<!  einar);L]iati»ii  of  thu  caudal  tin.  AJuskii.  {Trfjtcof,  saw,  iartor,\ 
Mil,  referring  to  the  dorsal  tin.; 


SSOt.  IMHOXISTirs  HAI -ELLIS.  Bem. 

Headii;  depthS;  liratn!biuBtB«:il8r>.     D.XI-39;  A. 20;  C.  11  (deTeIop«d); 
r.  10-(-5;  V.  I,  'A;  Intoral  lino  51.     Itody  wldiider  and  i<loiigate,  its  j^rvai- 
08t  liei^^bt  eipialtiiK  length  of  lowor  jiiw.    Tbe  Ueiglit  at  the  ventraJa 
e<|aala  i  of  tbo  dintiiiico  of  the  ]>ectorttl  from  tbr  tip  of  tbe  suout,  and  i« 
contained  8^  tliiioa  ill  the  Btiiiidard  body  length :  vuiidal  puflnucle  ahortrr 
than  ill    Tniiiojiii  piiKjili,  jts  luawt  lieifilil  t<i|nulia>{  width  of  iutcrorbitAl 
Hjiave;  len^^tb  <if  I'Umltil  })e<luiiclii,  iiienanrcd  fruui  end  uf  aual  tin  to  origiu 
of  iniildltj  camhil  rays,  7  in  Iciijjth  of  body;  no  lioiiy  platen  along  tbe  dor- 
ttdl  tins;  lutorul  line  with  iroll-duvelopcd  o»»<-u8  tubcrduH,  furniaLeil  below 
witit  ciliutod  HCJilt'H  Miiiiiliir  to  those  of  Trujioyt  piuyili;  the  breast,  how- 
ever, uiijiku  thut  of  tb(»  aiie<-ieN.jiiBt  named,  ia  unkod.    The  head  ngre^a  in 
the  iQiiin  with  tliut  of  Tri^jSupa  pingrli,  btit  is  not  m>  deep  nur  so  wide;  tbe 
juwH  iirtt  iibuiit  tM|uiil  in  frout.     (trciitest  width  of  huud  iili{|;ht1y  more  than 
j  its  li-n);lh  ajid  7}  in  body.     Inttirorhital  widthj  measured  mi  the  boue, 
aliout3  ill  orbit,  which  eiiuala  tbu  suuut  in  length.    Ou  tbo  top  of  bead, 
cloflti  behind  the  orbits,  arn  2  short,  interrupted  furrows  similar  U>  those 
observed  in  nonio  specieB  of  iViofl«/M*.    Tbe  leiiKth  of  the  upper  jaw  is 
contained  2^  tiincH  in  tbiit  of  tbo  head,  equalH  thut  uf  the  ]iostorltital  part 
of  the  head,  juid  ih  eonUiiiied  Wi,  times  in  the  unit  uf  length.     The  maxil- 
lary extciiila  nearly  to  thu  vertical  throngh  tbe  middle  of  the  eye,  tlie 
uiaudil'Io  nearly  to  tbiit  through  the  posterior  uiiirgia  of  the  eye.     Th« 
loiigtb  of  the  mandible  \a  about  4  that  uf  the  heatl.     The   dentition  is 
the  Haiiie  as  ill  TrvihpH  p\n<i<H.     The  leiijjth  of  tbe  eye  eiiuaU  that  of  the 
snout,  and  i^t  eontained  '.i^  times  in  the  length  of  the  head.     The  br.'tncbi- 
OMtegal  nieiiibraiii)  is  not  very  deejily  eiuar>;iii!ite,  iiud  is  free  fnun  the 
iHlhiiiiis;  slit  hebiiiil  fourth  f^lll  a  little  mure  Ilinii  \  lu  Iouj{  as  tbe  pupil: 
j;;ill  rukoiTj  nil  the  anterior  anh  i|ni(e  niiliinoDtaty,  their  lenj^  being 
riither  ienH  than  their  width,  8  bolow  tlio  angle.     Distaiieeof  npiuous  dor- 
sal from  tip  of  suuut  equala  that  nf  peetoriil  from  same  poiut,  and  is  4|  in 
body ;  base  of  this  I'm  twiee  :i»  long  na  lunji^eHt  ray  of  noft  dorsal ;  length  uf 
llrMt  npiue  equals  that  of  tiist  ray  oi  soft  doi-Hitl,  and  is  contained  '■i\  times 
ill  that  of  Lead;  fourtli  spine  longest,  its  leiig^th  being  roiitaiued  '2\  times 
in   that  of  head;  last  s[>iue  very  little  more  tlian  (  a;*  long  as  (ir<<t;  first 
.••pine  serrated  aloii^;  lower  i  of  its  anterior  edge,  and  ull  the  following 
apines,  except  tbe  hmt,  are  HiniLlarly  armed  along  the  aiiterior  edge  of  their 
uxsorted  tip^;  e\outhe  first  ray  of  second  dorsal  is  thickly  set  with  minute 
Mpinen;  length  of  base  of  soft  dorsal  '2\  times  iu  body;  its  first  ray  equal 
to  longest  anal  ray  or  the  first  spine,  which  equals  distance  from  snout  to 
orbit;  foiirtli,  fifth,  sixth,  and  seventh  rays  longest  and  about  equal  in 
length,  twice  as  long  as  last  ray  and  1  as  long  as  soft  dorsal  ba^e;  mem- 
brane behind  last  dorsal  spine  extending  to  base  of  first  soft  ray ;  origin 
of  anal  fin  vertieally  beuealh  base  of  seeoiid  soft  ray.  the  distance  of  the 
anal  origin  from  the  siiont  less  than  length  of  aual  base;  length  of  fin$t 


4 


Jordan  an4  Evcnnann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     1929 

ana!  r;iyt'iiaaN  least  hi>if;bt  of  tail  iiml  i.i  whghtly  nmrt?  Mitm  }  that  of  fifth 
to  ei^litli,  wliii'h  iiro  loujre^t,  tlic  last  my  {  no  I(>ii<;  a't  nrlMfc;  vent  nearly 
muhv.'ty  bi>t\vi>t<u  origin  of  veiitnilH  jiiid  that  ul'  mini;  (iiu<t;il  rliNtinctly 
eiiiargiiuito  \vlii>u  fully  i3X|itiiideil.  tliu  length  (>f  niitldli-  rayb  II  timo«,  and 
tlijit  of  tbo  rxternal  ruys  7|',i  times  in  length  of  bmly.  The  stnutiiro  of 
the  jiectornl  is  Nimilar  to  that  in  Tritjlopa  j)iii;/i7«,  but  the  louge^st  of  the 
usaerted  lower  raya  cstvudMroniJidi'ralily  farther  back  tbtm  the  u;)|m'|'  por- 
tiaa  of  lh(<  tin.  The  origin  of  the  i)frt.<iral  ih  dirmHly  nndcr  that  of  the 
Hpiuousiliirsiil.  The  length  nf  the  longest  exsi-rtod  ray  (ehn-enth)  is  coa- 
taiui'd  4J  times  in  the  sliitidard  body  length.  Five  of  th«  lower  (toetorul 
rays  are  uiodilied.  Tbo  tenth  jn-eloral  ray,  which  in  the  longest  of  the  non- 
exBorted  portion,  iaouly  about  f-  as  king  as  the  eleventh  imd  exteiidn  to  near 
ihc  end  of  the  spinons  tlorsal.  Tho  ventral  Im  situated  further  in  advance 
than  in  Triglopx  piuiji  li,  iind  does  not  i|iiile  reach  to  th«>  veut  wlien*>sti!tldcd. 
tia  length  it*  contaiiuMl  nearly  lli  tiniea  iu  the  unit  of  length.  Colors: 
There  are  traees  nf  the  suuio  i  bars  vvliicb  tjriiariient  the  baek  nnd  aides  of 
Ti-ighi}iK  i>iii;ftlif  but  the  dorsiil  portion  of  the  nnirliio;;.'*  is  very  faint  and 
the  bivver  limits  nf  the  d.irk  an'.'is  are  the  nio«t  iulense  and  forni  a  sucees- 
sioii  of  elougntts  blotebes  along  the  uiediun  linu  of  the  body,  partly  below 
and  partly  on  the  Literal  line;  dorsal  lins  with  3  sorien  of  dark  sjiots  on 
the  rays  ami  HpincH,  but  not  on  the  counecling  membrane;  these  spota 
tbrniing  broken  bands  whii-h  are  ubli<iuo  nu  the  lirst  doFHiil  and  nearly 
horizontal  on  the  soft  ^Io^^;;ll  whim  the  lins  ato  raised;  a  cresceut-shapod 
Urokeu  baud  crosM-s  the  top  of  tho  body  at  the  ninth  dorsal  jipiiiti:  ft 
sburt,  dark  hloteli  noitr  the  root  of  the  ])eetoral  on  the  tenth,  eleventh, 
and  twelfth  rays;  Jinolherdnsky  blnteh  in  the  iii>j>eraxil  of  the  peetnral; 
i  dudky  burs  on  the  pat'torul,  tho  lirst  of  wliieh  is  very  short,  involving 
only  abuitt  5  of  tho  ravs,  the  seioiid  and  third  extending  to  the  lirst 
e.\sert«d  my,  and  iliu  fourth,  whieh  is  near  the  tiji  of  tho  tin.  extending  on 
the  7  upper  rays  only:  can<iiil  dusky  nt  the  base  und  with  l  bars,  the 
first  of  whieh  is  faint  iji  thi'  middle  and  the  last  interrupted  by  tho  oiuar- 
gination  of  the  lin;  Hps  and  upper  porliou  of  the  maxilla  ilnsky;  a  dark 
blotch  on  the  iut<-Topereuliiin ;  ni«ndirane  lining  the  inner  surface  of  tho 
operciitiim  dusky ;  veiitrals  and  anstl  whitish.     Length  1T2  Dim.     (Beau.) 

Cnueerniug  this  sju'cies  Dr.  (iilbert  obneryes: 

"Thi>elongivtion  of  the  lower  exacrted  pectoral  rays, and  the  'serrations' 
(i,  e.,  minute  spinous  s(r»leBj  on  the  tin  rays,  are  characters  which  I'lionii- 
litit  shares  with  related  species  of  Tritflopg,  The  sJendoriieBJ*  of  the  body, 
the  einargiaatiuu  of  tho  caudal  lin,  :iud  tho  elougato  dors:il  and  aual  Cus 
are  preseat  and  the  two  former  i","irried  to  an  extreme  iu  Klanura  forfirald. 
lu  addition  to  these  eharaeters,  I'liuiiifliim  has  the  breast  nakofl  and  the 
dorsal  region  without  the  usual  Huries  of  enlarged  plateis.'' 

Three  spi-cijueur*.  77  to  87  uiru.  long,  wiTe  seenreil  at  statinnis  south  of 
Sanaak  and  north  of  Uniuak  Islands,  Alaska,  at  38  and  5l)  fathouis.  The 
ventral  tins  seem  tn  be  not  more  ad%'uneed  iti  pusitinii  than  in  the  other 
sptM-ies.  In  other  ri'spei-ts  these  Kpeeimens  agree  wi-llw^ith  llenii's  o^linira- 
•  bly  full  ilesoriptiou.  Ab'utian  Islands,  south  tn  British  Coltuubia;  not 
rare,  (maiclfitx,  dijuiuutive  of  muwr,  sleudur  or  thiu.) 
30ail 44 


J 


1930         Bulletin  ^j.  United  States  National  Museum. 


l-rionitiiut  maceUm,  Bkan,  Vtoc.  IT.  &  Nat.  Man.  1883,  SS6.  Carter  B«y,  British  Coluint 
(Types,  N<w.  aiUMiidd  33793,  U,  8.  N»L  MuK.     Coll.  C«|ii.  U.  E.  NJchoU) ;  tJtuiSJn, 
Kept.  U,  :$.  KUb  I'uuuu.  I8V3  1 1800),  131. 


723.  ELANURA,  Gilbert. 

etanura.  Gilbbrt.  Kept.  IT.  g.  Fish  Coram.  HWl  OHW),  *»  l/or/oBfa). 

Tliis  gonna  ik  ut-urly  rclitttnl  to  I'rioHitliui,  from  which  it  (iifFrro  in  thf 
pri'wiuT  of  n,  wrifg  nf  cnlurgfil  siiiti-s  along  riirh  sitli-  of  bas*-  nf  tlorsal 
(iiw,  ill  till-  pri'Heui'i-  of  Mpiuous  ^•^"s^j  foldit  on  thf  brea»«t,  an<l  in  thf  vrry 
iU><i]ilv  forki'd  liujclal  liii.  Prmiiirrriilar  mjiIiu-m  4,  tho  lower  3  d»>vt'l(ipr«l  »<> 
thiiv,  tliit  1oIm'».  From  Triiihpa  il  ilill'iTN  iu  the  furk<<d  caudal,  in  the 
t^real  I'lougation  of  the  Uody,  unrl  the  Irngthi'Dt-il  tlnrsal  aufl  anal  linii.  It 
agrt'i^M  with  Triijlopa  auil  rrio>ti»liH»  iu  all  other  important  strurtarml 
di^tailtt,  iucltiding  th»i  (•xBertcd,  uion-  or  lea-*  iiruiluiixil  Iowit  poctoral  r»y». 
Alaska.     (.Kttinm;  i/Aavoi,  n  kite;  uvpa,  tail,  trom  th<-  long  oaoiial  tin.) 

2806.  KIAM'KA  FOKKU'ATA,  GUbert. 

Drptli  6J  U>11  l).XI-2i»oi-30;  A.  30  to  32;  P.  21;  C.  IJ;  V.I. 3;  lateral 
Itni' 5'1  to  56;  1ir»nchioHti<f(alH  6.  Tliix  ftpix-iivi  in  iiiimt  I'luaely  r(>latv<l  tn 
PriiniiKfiiis  maerllti$,  with  wliii'U  it  ajfrix.'s  in  il*i  ••xtrouw'  olonitation,  iu  tli« 
proihirtion  of  its  <>xs('rt<'d  pi'doriil  niyi*,  anil  iti  thi"  invi^stiufnl  of  tli* 
MI>iiii>(4  (mil  riiys  of  dor»ul  unii  cauilHl  aiicl  ptrt^intl  tins,  with  M«»ri««R  of 
minnti' prirklrM(not  "  wrratioiiN  ").  The  rainliil  tio  is  vci-j- widely  forkwl, 
not  mi't'i'ly  i-mjirgiimti'  ii.h  in  I'riuninliux  marrllun,  tlu'  doi^ul  scriunof  Rpinuu* 
wntrN  in  pri'Hftit.  iiiid  iilrto  lki>  iitHtoniury  pliit^H  on  tho  bn-iwl.  The  ven- 
tralH  occupy  thi>  ponitioii  usunl  in  tln<  (jcniii*  :uid  cxlt-nd  well  beyond  tL»' 
vent.  The  iiili'roi'l>ital  region  i»  a  wide,  Kiiiiih)W  groove,  nnliki'  tin?  nar- 
row space  in  Piionigliiin  nuirtllui,  liicro  in  a  niiki<<l  strciik  on  cht«ek  follow- 
ing the  lower  line  of  the  Huhoi'hiti))  stay,  and  the  coloiation  is  peculiar. 
Extreinidy  elongate,  hcavient  nt  the  nhooldei-K,  tapering  slowly  and  tvgu- 
liirly  tiackwiird,  the  ventml  n-gioii  often  diHt^-nded;  depth  of  V>odyei|ual- 
ing,  or  neiirly  eqiiuling,  length  of  snout  and  eye;  length  of  caudal 
pednnelii,  from  last  atuil  ray  lit  hjwe  of  median  eainlal  ray«,  varying  from 
J  tn  li  tinie.H  lenglli  of  niiout  atid  eye;  body  evi-rj'where  ooiiipres.sed. 
Hiiglitly  deeper  thtin  wide,  the  greutcBt  wiiilh  antl  depth  of  ht>a.d  ab«mt 
e<|n,'i!;  depth  of  eaudsil  pcMluncle  greater  in  fennilei*  than  in  uinhw,  nr<<r- 
aging  ^  diiuiieter  of  eye  in  the  former,  j  eye  in  the  latt^-r.  UecipituI 
region  of  head  nearly  i»quare  in  ctosh  wH-tion,  tapering  regnhirly.  A  pair 
of  incoiiHpicnoiiii  low  ridges  diverging  from  behind  eye,  and  a  pair  uf 
croHS  grooves,  1  iunnecliately  behind  eyeH,  the  other  ou  niiddlo  of  «H'ci- 
pnt,  hardly  uottieiibli-  in  the  yonng;  rtiipriiociib^r  rim  protrinling  liiterjtily, 
anteriorly  iiiid  jmsteriorly,  deeply  im-iirved  iibove  niiddle  of  eye;  interor- 
Ititiil  Hpace  wide,  evenly  eoueuve,  it.-*  greatest  width  over  front  of  eyt- 
eiin.iling  length  of  i*nniit,  i)«  k'iisl  width  i  diameter  of  orl)it;  Miont  sharp, 
with  greatly  convex  upper  protiU-  (ibctwing  n  faint  trunsvcrrw  groove 
behind  iniHal  i«pine.'<,  its  length  1et«H  than  diameter  of  oyc,  3)  Ui  3{  in 
k-iniirth  uf  head;  uiuiith   itligbtly   obli([uu,  ruuvliiug  a  vvrticul  biii/W»y 


Jordan  and  Evennann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1931 


lM<IWiM*ii  IVoiit  and  i(iiil<91i'  *4'  \n\\n\,'JH(  (in  vciiiik)  Ut'l\  in  1imi;;|1i  of  licml; 
eyt'  3i'ii  (i"  y"ii"H)  '"  -M  i"  li'-ii'l.  Gill  nictiibranfM  wiiU'ly  joined,  free 
friiiu  the  intUiniiH;  ii  \vcl1-di'vrli)pcil  nHi  ln-htnil  lunt  \i\\\;  niisiil  upiiicH 
iiiiiiiiu-,  ii.H  iu  I'rioHinliui  maiflliiA,  liiuidy  viaililc-;  ii|)])cr  prtmprnnliir 
wpini'  mIhjiI  iinil  Hiinplc,  li  lnwrr  inirM  <livr-li>pr<!  iis  tltiii  loiiciflctl  liiluti}, 
ii  ri-*;iil!irly  HrlTuti''  «r  spinons.  SipliMiiiiticpii  hh  iiMiial  iti  Tritjloiti;  the  boily 
nliiivc  till*  LitiTiil  liiH'  hjhI  till'  li>p  :ind  xidcM  nf  lii-:nl  Ifiickly  i.iiT-L>rv(l  with 
xruiiil  Hpiitiiim  hciiIch;  Iowit  hIiIi'  of  Ui-ad,  iiicliidiii^  tlic  li>wi-r  ]iii!'tH  iif 
I'liiM'k  uixl  pri<operi-li%  inula  nMrrt»w  wlrip  iiUtiiK  Uiwi-r  half  of  pn'iuliital,  tlii< 
8iiliorl>itiii  liriK.  uml  III"  suliorljitul  «tiiy  iiukrd;  tlit>  Mrrit^M  of  BJlKlilly 
rii1;ir>;''d  dorwil  Mciitrn  vnry  irrc^fiiliirly  dt'veltipi'd,  f  Jii'  plutrs  viiryinj;  fmni 
14  lo  'i-i,  ill  <o  cpt'ciiiicuM  L'oiiutcd.  Livti'rul  lino  t>liglitly  (icpri-ewL-tl  iilxivu 
axil  of  jiri-liiralH.  tUnuT  suiffiidiiiK  by  a  j^i'ntly  I'oiiviX  curve,  xoiuetiuies 
ijciirly  Hfr:ii;;lit,  with  ri4  t<(  Ttt)  isciit<-s  of  tin-  nnujil  eh.'inn-ti'r,  h;ivin);  iiiidii- 
liitiinj  fohln  ili-'Nci-ndiii};  iilili<jiu'ly  from  the-  posterior  ui.irjjiiiMj  iiuioitiuin 
wcondiiry  fohU  uInu  |)nwi'iit,  iivcniKliii,' nliotil  2  to  i-iiih  Kciiti^  of  thv  h>t- 
iMul  liiir,  Ihi'  tiital  iiiuiilii'rof  ioUUi'oiiiitril  :il<iii^  IoWit  half  of  Midcri  l>«<tng, 
in  iKlnJtti,  iilioiit  135;  :lMt('^i<^r  hate  ittut  Mxil  of  pi'rtonilH  and  n  Ktrip 
<"iii-irrlitijf  ^»^(■.•l^t  in  front  of  vi'ntni!  linn  iuik<'4,  tin*  hn^iiHt  witli  ii  fi-w  (5 
to  10)  trjinsvi-rfc  fnlilH  Niniihir  to  tliosi-  on  «iili-»;  tlic  liiJi-rjiI  f<dd>  liiive  a 
wiiK^  Miika-il  ninp  itloii^  lint^it  of  amil  fin  nnd  <lo  not  imk'ir'Ic  ijiiulal  p<-iliiiirlB 
ludow,  Dont.'il  npiiie.H  louj;  and  t>xtrt'iue]y  slcudcr,  tlio  loriHf«t  '2^  to  'i\  in 
JiciMl,  till'  '1  tins  wparjiti'i  tjir  iiR'niUrjuio  of  thr  hint,  ttpiiif  cxti'niliiijLr  1" 
\mm  »i  lirwt  soft  i;iy;  soft  dorNjil  vi'ry  Ioiik,  it«  hsihc  2f  t«  25  in  icnsjih, 
riidinf;  Hii(;hlly  in  udviitiC'ii  uf  hiHt  anut  rtty;  bam!  of  anal  2(  Uv  2^  in 
It'iiKth;  iiiiu«  auti^rior  in  position,  ni'arly  midway  IwtwsMm  axil  of  v<!iitrfi-l» 
and  front  of  anal;  vcnIriilN  int<(>rted  in  th«>  nsniil  position,  their  diMlant-t' 
from  Nnont  3}  or  1  in  li'ii);tli.  AKin^  ilicir  outer  margin  they  iir(<  providi'd 
wiMi  ii  wiilei  ciiliinvoii.s  fidd,  a.H  in  Tri'jl(>i>»  brnni.  They  i-xtend  wcl! 
l>eyonfl  Uio  v«'iit,  ill  male,  or  lu'urly  to  (Fn-  froiii  of  anal;  jM-etoral.'<  axiially 
with  21  ravN,  11h>  lower  7  .■'inipfe,  tliirkcricd,  exNerlcd,  2  orSof  them  often 
n."i  lou^  i\!*,  or  longer  tliati,  the  branclu'tl  rayw  above,  tIo»  liii  tljii»*  iippear- 
inj;  iMitehed  or  lohed ;  loiijjest  r;«y»  exteudinj;  well  beyond  front  of  ainjl 
and  eoiitaitied  1}  to  1)  tinien  iu  head;  eaudal  tin  very  Bhai-])ly  and  docply 
forked,  ("Mpecijilly  in  iiuile  I'xanipies.  wlien-  the  median  ray«  are  l>nt  i  tho 
len^ftli  of  the  lon;;<'«t  inn'n;  the  eaiidal  varien  in  lenjith  from  J  lenjjlh  of 
huad  (in  nialesi)  to  jj  len^fth  (in  fciiiHleK),  an<l  iinitains  11  rayN,  tlu>  lowcr- 
unwt  (<'orr«'»potidiijf;  to  tin-  iipperinoMt,  developed  ruy)  Khorteued  juid 
uiihratK'Lrd,  as  ustnil  in  Triiitopif.  Coloration  Miuiilur  in  \\w  twu  itexejt: 
Li;{lit  browninh  (iu  spirits)  above,  the  baek  criKtwd  with  the  umial  4 
Haddlii-Hliaped  hlotehes,  the  tirvt  one  broiMl,  uniliT  the  lirnt  7  or  8  doriiB] 
ttpjnert,  tho  weond  nurrnw,  under  Iht^  fifth  to  the  tenth  rays  of  w-eond 
dor.sal,  the  third  and  fmirlh  very  narrnw,  itndi-r  h\n\,  dorNiil  rayis  an<i  on 
baek  of  eainhil  pedaiiele;  between  the  second  ;»nil  (hinl  bam  are  2  or  3 
Hiniilur  fainter  ones  tv<tii;illy  dividing  tile  ititerNpaee;  tlin  harr<  are  eoii- 
tliiuetl  to  below  tlu'  hit<'ral  line,  wliiTe  lliey  iiiiniediutely  fork,  giving  rintr 
thurt  to  a  NerieN  uf  vertical  dark  blolclie»  iiioMtly  ariiiii<;ed  in  pab's;  the 
JutcrspiiCCB  lMitw«eu  Butue  of  the  anterior  paiw  with  a  bright  aUvory  spot ; 


1932         Bulletin  fj.  United  States  National  Museum. 


iiiiilci-Midc  of  ht'atl  uiul  liixly  wliitiHh,  \\\v.  Iiivuxt  and  anterior  part  of  belly 
more  or  U>sh  silvery;  lining  of  oporcle  jct-bhic-k,  th«  color  (lnt»cuiidin|f 
ontti  the  uppermost  bninchiorttepil  ruyH;  an  ill-Acfiued  dark  blotch  below 
»',ve,  from  which  nnm  :t  nurrow  Ktreiik  alonj;  pn>orbitul  to  front  of  Buout, 
wheni  it  eroiweH  upper  lip;  lower  lip  blaek,  exeept  1at<>rally ;  no  di^tinet 
niarkiuKH  »»  banal  portion  of  pectorals,  a  small  faint  spot  at  batw  of  itR 
npper  rays,  and  a  inniiber  of  very  faint  bars  sometimeH  visible  in  femalft*; 
mah-s  with  2  eonspienons  jet-hlaek  bars  erossinf;  terminal  half  of  the  lower 
thiekuned  pectoral  rays;  tips  of  the  narrow  caudal  lobes  Jet-black,  no 
other  markings  visible.  Aleutian  Islands;  m'veral  spitcimenH,  tto\\\  115  to 
245  nnu.  loiiK.  from  stations  south  of  Sanuak  and  north  of  Uniniak  ialaiids, 
at  (Ii'iiths  uf  38  to  50  fathoms.  (Gilbert.)  {Jorfivalut,  d«v]»ly  forked,  like 
sheaiit.) 

Elanura  /orjifata.  On.iiKllT.  Kept.  I'.S.  Fiiili  Cimuu.  1893  (IH96),430,pL30,fig.  I,  Aleutian 
Islands,  at  Albatross  Stations  3313,  3214,  and  yatt,  in  38  to  jo  fathom*. 

734.  MELLETES,  Beau. 

ifelltU*,  Bean,  I'roc.  U.  8.  Kat  Mus.  1K7!),  :tM  (papiliu). 

Itody  moderately  elon^at<-.  Head  broad,  depressed,  ronnded  in  fkont, 
naked,  with  several  cutaneous  Haps;  jaws,  vomer,  and  palatines  with 
bands  of  villiform  teeth;  preopercular  spines  simple,  rather  strong;  gill 
membranes  broadly  connected,  free  from  the  isthmus ;  a  slit  behind  the 
last  gill ;  a  narrow  band  of  ctenoid  scales  alou^  sides  of  back,  meeting  in 
frtint  of  dorsal;  a  few  prickles  on  ant<-rior  parts  of  body,  and  some  small 
dermal  tlajis  on  sides;  skin  otherwise  naked;  dorsals  connected;  the 
spinous  dorsal  long,  not  eu)ar>;inato ;  pectorals  well  develojted,  the  rays  nil 
simple;  ventrals  very  long,  I,  i,  the  inner  surface  of  the  rays  armed  with 
stitt"  seta-;  ])yloric  ca'ca  t>;  no  air  l>laddcr.  Alaska.  { fteXXifr/fi,  a 
loiterer;  reniaiuiug  in  shallow  pools  as  the  tide  recedes.) 

a»U<t.  .MKLLKIKS  PAPIMO.  Uoiin. 

Head  2i) ;  brauchiost^^gals  <i.  I>.XI-I,20;  A.  I";  ('.  11  (developed rays); 
I'.  17;  v.  1,  4.  Body  inodt^rately  elongate,  rather  slender,  somewhat  com- 
pressed posteriorly;  narrow  band  of  scales  close  to  its  dorsal  outline, 
otherwise  naked,  with  the  execption  of  a  few  i)rickles  on  sides,  Iload 
naked;  'J  small  cutiiueuus  appendages  on  chin,  1  near  the  end  of  each 
maxillary,  2  above  eyes,  2  on  the  vertex,  and  1  near  the  npi)er  angle  of 
each  gill  opening;  branchiostegal  membrane  free  from  the  isthmus  posto- 
riorly.  The  greatest  height  of  l)o<Iy  is  }  its  length,  and  ei|ualB  the  length 
of  the  external  caudal  rays,  its  heiglit  at  the  ventrals  contained  4^  times 
in  length.  The  least  height  of  tail  e(|ualH  the  distance  between  eyes  and 
the  length  of  the  antecedent  spino  of  tli<;  second  dorsal.  The  length  of 
the  caudal  peduncle,  measured  from  the  end  of  the  second  dorsal  to  the 
orijjiu  of  the  middle  candid  rays,  equals  .J  the  length  of  the  max.illary. 
Head  ei|ual8  twice  the  length  of  the  niaudilile,  its  greatest  width  equals 
the  length  of  the  bu»e  of  the  spinous  dorsal;    disluace  between  eyes  3 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  AmcrUa.     1933 


tiiiii-H  in  lenstb  of  seoonil  ntid  tliird  <lorH»1  Hpinof<:  li-ngth  •>r  anont,  or 
ilietuuve  IVoiii  et»l  uf  8iiout  to  i>rtiit,  c«|iuil8  l<>ug  diameter  of  oye  and  \ 
len<;tli  of  upper  Jaw;  lon};th  of  iiiiixillnry  o<|iml8  twioe  leiigtii  of  caudal 
piMlnnrle,  iind  \  leugtL  iit°  nn:il  baHe;  muhdiblc  2  in  bund,  or  5^  body. 
Tlicru  lire  2  obtiisv  RpiiiCA  on  the  onoiit,  2  abovo  tbe  pOHtnrior  pnrtH  of  the 
orbitM,  nnd  2  on  the  vertex,  thi-  lAst  4  bni»gproviib-d  with  itbort  lilaiDuiittt, 
nunc  on  the  8pin<<  of  the  snout.  There  are  1'  iniiiiite,  barbel-liko  lilanu'ntH 
on  tho  rhin,  i\\\A  tb^rc  is  I  short  cutaiioouA  tn/^  clufiu  to  tUo  md  of  eueh 
tniixilla  :iiiil  oti  tbo  nipnibruiii'  nt  tbu  iippi>r  :iii;;lo  »f  Mie  gill  opening,  Tbe 
distani-e  of  tbo  «pinnus  dnrsul  frnni  tb«  Htiunt  oinale  'i\  times  the  length  of 
it«  flr^t  Hpine,  it«  l<'ngt]i  of  ba!>o  o<|iitil8  the  greatest  width  of  tbo  boa<). 
Tlie  at'i-ond  and  tbird  dorsal  M])inc.s  tii'eei[iiiil,  their  length  )i<>iug  contained 
ncnrly  Xy  tiinen  in  the  length  of  tbe  body;  fourth  dontal  spine,  longest,  its 
length  t)  in  l>od,v  ;  fifth  dorHiilspineTi  tinieain  body;  la«tdorsn]GpiueMhortcr 
tli:iii  the  iiDtceedcnt  spine  of  tlie  second  dorsnl;  longestt  ray  of  second  dorsal  \ 
jui  long  :iH  diHtitnce  of  peitoriil  fruni  xnout,  tbe  la.st  niy  \  <is  long  us  the 
.■»nte<<'dent  Hpino;  dist»no»'  of  tbe  ikn;tl  from  the  Hnont  )i<'iirly  twice  that  of 
tbe  R))inouisdi>ninl  from  the  sume  point ;  length  of  tbe  iiniii  base  twire  tbnt 
oi  the  uitixilhiry;  longest  luinl  my  twice  as  btng  lis  the  l.-ist;  tips  of  tbe 
iiiiril  ruys  free  from  the  nienibrune,  Home  of  them  for  »  distanee  efiniil  t4)  \ 
the  diikniet<>r  of  tbe  orbit;  length  of  tbe  middle  ciiudiil  rays  4^  tiini^  in 
that  of  the  boily.tho  length  of  the  exti'ninl  rays,  4  tinicN;  length  of  the 
longest  peetnnil  niy  neatly  twi<-i'  tlirit  of  the  lifth  doinal  spine,  rxtending 
to  vertical  tliroiigb  tin'  rout  oftlienixth  anal  ray  ;  distaneeof  von(riiI  from 
snoot  <-*iuals  3  tinn'S  Ibn  lnn^  diaiiietiT  nf  (hi-  mliit ;  b'ligtb  of  longest  ven- 
tral r.iy  nearly  ^  that  of  the  Ivxly,  extending  to  vertical  through  tbe  ro<it 
of  tho  seventh  anal  ray;  tip^inftlie  rays  i'Xtending  Iieyond  the  nirinbnme, 
iu  one  case  about  \  of  tbo  len;rth  of  the  fin;  veotrals  fiirnisbed  with  stifT 
s<>tje  on  their  nndi-r  Mnrf:i<'e,  f<dl»>\ing  thi'  course  of  the  riiys.  C<dor:  The 
grnnnd  color  of  tbe  upper  part  of  tin-  Imily  is  a  light  giayish  brown,  on 
which  are  I  markings  of  a  darUer  brown,  of  which  the  lirst  .T  are  band-like 
iiud  extend  below  the  latenil  lino,  while  tbi-  fourth  is  widest  below  and 
sends  only  a  narrow  point  below  the  latt'^ral  lino;  between  tho  third  and 
fonrth  large  bn<ly  markings  then*  is  a  small  blotch  of  similar  color  l>egin- 
ning  at  the  lateral  line  nnd  extending  down  ward  a  distance  e<|ual  toabont 
\  tbe  lorig  di;uneti-r  of  the  orbit;  at  thi<  ba>'e  of  tbe  caudal  is  a  band-liki> 
marking  similar  iu  color  to  tbe  body  markings,  and  tho  posterior  half  of 
tbeeaudnl  lK>arB2  otiMcnn-  bands  of  brown;  lietwfx-n  llii-  bri'wn  markings 
there  is  an  iin-a  of  ye|l(i\vii*li  white;  tofi  of  head  sienna  brown;  cheeks 
brown,  of  u  darker  tint  than  th<"  ri'st  of  tbe  bead;  lower  jiartsof  bead  yel- 
lowish whit4>.  as  lire  tbe  buses  of  the  pectoral  nnd  the  anterior  part  of  tbe 
iM'lly ;  lower  parte  of  the  body  grayish  wliito,  d<ilt<'d  here  and  there  with 
spotA  of  milky  white,  largest  of  these  milky-white  gpiits  is  not  more  than 
4  M  long  as  the  oibit;  belly  with  sonie  similar  spots,  ics<-uibling  in  this 

much 


res|H 


Mj/DXWtphl 


yn 


spots  I 


Minalierthan  in  thatspocies;  api  no  lis  dorsal  mainly  very  dark  brown,  with 
2  light  areas  in  its  anterior  nnd  posterior  parts;  sneond.  third,  and  foiiith 
bodj'  markings  continncMl  iii>on  the  soft  dorsal:  that  jiriiceeiUug  £ruiu  the 


1982  Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  Natianal  Museutn^ 


inxU'rsidt'  of  liend  ninl  Ixiily  wliiliHli.  tlif  lin-nst  and  ant«*rior  part  <tf  Wllf 
uion<  «>r  K'SM  Bilvcry;  liiiiiiK  of  opcrclo  jvt-!»lHvk,  tin-  o»»Ior  il<>»ei<ii<ling 
until  tlu'  iippt-rmost  briiiii'liio^to^al  riiyx;  an  ill-ili-liiif<l  ilstrk  Itlnii-li  Im-Iuw 
r\i',  from  whiili  nun*  11  tmnow  xlri-ak  alniii;  pri-inbitaj  to  front  •»f  nnnal, 
wliiTi'  it  iTo.xrs  upper  lip;  Iowit  lip  liliiok,  t<x''<'i>t  hit<-rnll.v  ;  riu  tli^tini  I 
iuiirkiii|{r<  I'll  baxal  purtimi  of  jK-rloriils,  a  Kiiial]  fiiiiit  piput  at  bocH^  of  il« 
uppi'r  riiyK,  ami  ii  iiiiiiiUfr  uf  viTy  faint  ban*  i*(iiii«>tiiii<?.<«  vinibi**  in  femiilr*; 
iii;ilcMwit1i  2i-uuNpiriiuiiB  jot-liluck  btirsorosMiiifr  tcriiiiiint  LaTfof  ibdovrr 
lliic'ki'tK'il  pf«-toral  niys;  tips  of  tbn  narrow  t-BU<lRl  lobcH  jct-blatk,  no 
othrr  iniirkiii^  visilihv  Ali'ntiaii  Islaiiils;  Hcveriil  i*p<<('itiir>iiH,  fr<iiii  115  tn 
240  nun.  louk;,  from  Htationn  xuutb  of  Saninik  ami  north  of  (ruiiu:tk  iHl»tiit>^. 
:it  iliptli!*  of  38  lo  50  fatlioms.  (Gilbert.)  {Jorfivalttt,  deeply  furktrd.  ltk< 
h)n>»in.  j 

Klaiiiiru  /vrjieata.  iilUiKliT.   fU'pl.  V.  S.  Fii.li  roiiuii.  ISffJ  (ISim),  4;iO,  i»L  :iu.  (Ig.  J,  Alcutisn 
Ulaads,  at  Albstrois  Staliona  3113,  3114.  and  331a,  io  3<  to  50  fathoms. 

734.   MELLETES.  Beau. 
MaieU$,  Bran,  froo.  C.  8.  Kut  Moa.  IfiTti,  aH  {papUio). 

Uody  luoderatrly  elougatc.  lleml  broad,  depreaaed,  rounded  in  f^nl, 
naked,  with  severul  L-ntiiu«oii»  tlups;  Jawg,  romer,  and  palutiu«a  with 
IniDiU  of  villilbriii  teeth;  iin-oporciilar  ^piuea  siiuple,  ratber  atronir:  gill 
tui'tiil)r;tneM  bro.idlj  urmuoct^d,  tVoc  from  tbo  isthmus;  11  slit  1ii<liiiid  th*- 
hirit  fjjil ;  11  uarnnv  baud  oC  ctenoid  scfth-.s  alon^  sides  of  back,  meeting  in 
friMit  of  iloiiial;  a  few  prickles  on  anterior  purta  of  b^tdy,  iiud  souie  sinail 
dcniitil  llikjiri  on  sitieH;  t«kiti  othorwiso  naked;  <1otnaIs  couuected;  thf 
Hjiiuoiis  (Uirmil  long,  not  t>mttr>;jimte ;  pectorals  well  (lfvelo]>oj,  thf  rayw  .tU 
Himple;  vcntrals  very  lonjj,  I,  I,  tlie  inner  anrfacQ  of  the  rays  armed  with 
stiff  sctie;  pyloric  cii'cu  »>;  no  air  IilmldiT.  Alaska.  { t.tcX.Xijrffi,  a 
loiterer;  remaiuinj;  in  eballow  pooU  as  ihe  tide  recedes.) 

Vma.  seiXKTES  PiPILIO,  Bean. 

Iluadlii;  brauehiusu^galHi!.  l*.  XI-I,  20;  A.  17;  C.  11  (developed  rays.l; 
P.  17;  V.  I,  4,  Body  moderately  elongnto,  rather  slender,  somewhat  caxa- 
pressed  potiteriorty ;  narrow  baud  of  scales  clime  to  ita  doranl  outline, 
otherwise  naked,  with  tlio  excoptiou  of  a  few  prickln*  on  aides.  Heiad 
uiiUuil;  1'  small  outitneciut*  uppiMidagOH  on  chin,  1  near  the  end  of  ejich 
uiavilliiry,  '1  aliovo  eyes,  2  on  tin-  vert«s,  and  I  ni-ar  tbe  iippi-r  angle  of 
each  ;;ill  I'pcuiu};;  braucliiu8te;;al  membrane  free  from  tbe  isthmuii  poct**- 
riurly.  The  ^eatest  height  of  body  is  \  its  length,  and  iMjuala  the  length 
of  the  u\t«ri)al  candal  rayH,  its  lici^bt  at  the  vcntruls  contained  4^  timM 
in  length.  Tbe  least  heijtbt  of  tail  ei|ua!s  the  distance  betwe«>n  eyes  and 
the  li-n^tb  111'  ihti  auh'i  edi-iit  sfiinc  of  tbe  second  dorsal.  The  leugtb  of 
tbe  caudal  |icd)inclf,  measured  from  the  end  of  the  second  dorsal  to  the 
orifiiri  of  the  niiitdle  catidal  rays,  ci|uals  \  the  length  of  the  luaxillarr. 
Head  etiuids  twice  tlio  l<<n)fth  of  tbe  mandible,  ita  Rrcatost  width  e<|na1<i 
the  length  of  the  base  of  the  spinous  dorsal;    distuuoo  between  cyee  3 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  Atncrka,     1933 


times  in  length  of  eooontl  nnd  third  doraal  spines;  length  of  snout,  or 
diHtiiuees  front  end  uf  Hnout  tcj  utliit,  eiiniils  luug  diameter  of  eye  and  \ 
leii)rt<h  of  upper  Jaw;  length  of  uiiixillaiy  eijualB  twice  Ipiigtli  of  caudal 
pi'diinile.  Jind  \  length  t>f  aniil  base;  mandihlc  2  in  heiid,  or  5^  liody. 
There  are  '1  obtuse  n[)iiie8  ou  the  Hnout,  '1  above  tlie  posterior  part-t  of  the 
orhitH.  and  2  ou  the  vertex,  thr  laxt  4  being  provided  witii  short  lihiiiif(it«, 
Done  on  iho  Hjiiue  <>f  the  Hnniit.  There  aru2iiiinule,  harliel-likt*  tilanientH 
OH  tho  c-liin,  and  there  is  1  short  cutaiieoua  taj;  cIoku  to  the  <-nd  «»f  each 
niaxilhi  and  on  the  meinliniiir  at  thoniipcr  iiuf^lt!  of  Miogill  opoiiiu);.  The 
diHtanne  of  tlio  apiiiouH  dorsal  from  tliennoiit  e(|Uu]s-'{  tiiut^s  thelen^hof 
Its  lirHt  spine,  itH  li-ii<rth  of  ha<io  oiinnla  tlie  greatest  widtli  of  the  head. 
The  siTorni  aail  third  doraal  Hpiiie«  areeiinal,  their  length  Hcin^  eoiitained 
nearly  "i  tunc-*  in  thi<  len^jth  of  the  body;  fonrth  dnrKal  Bpini-  longi-Ht,  its 
Jeufithlf.  in  body  ;  lifth  dorsal  sjdin"">  tiuiiwin  liody ;  laatdomiil  spine  shorter 
til  Mil  thoantorcdentHpiiieof  tlieBece>nd  dorsal:  Ion  gost  ray  ofseeond  dorsal  J 
lUj  long  iiH  iliHtiitice  of  )M'i'toral  from  Kiiont,  tho  hist  ray  \  us  long  aH  tlin 
aiiteridi'iit  spin*';  distaiic*'  of  tin-  iiiiiil  from  thi'sntmt  in'sitly  twirn  that  of 
till'  spinoiiH  dorsal  frmii  tl)i>  same  pidnt;  liMigthof  tho  anal  base  twin- that 
oi  thr  [naxtllary;  ImigCMt  anal  ray  twii-c  as  long  iim  tin-  hist;  tips  of  the 
anal  rays  frrr  fnrrn  tin"  mcmbrant',  some  of  tln-m  lor  a  diMtaiire  tMiiial  to  \ 
the  diauiet4'r  of  tlio  orbit:  Ii-iigtli  of  tho  nuddle  caudal  rays  4^  tinn-s  in 
that  of  the  body,  the  length  of  the  external  rays,  4  times:  length  of  thi- 
longest  pec'torn!  rjiy  neaily  twin'  thut  of  the  fifth  dorsal  spiiu-,  extending 
to  vrrtical  rhi'ongh  the  rout  of  the  sixth  anidni^';  clintiinoeof  vonfiol  from 
snout  equals  3  tiim-s  Hit>  lony;  di.-iioeterof  the  <irbit;  length  nf  InOKest.  vi'ii- 
tnd  ray  nearly  ^  that  of  the  hoily,  extending  to  vertieal  thrnnnh  the  root 
of  tho  seventh  aniii  ray ;  tip'<  <if  tho  rays  extending  beymid  the  ineuiliriuif, 
in  one  case  about  \  of  the  h'n^th  of  the  tin;  ventrals  t'lirnislied  with  stiflT 
setie  on  their  under  surfai-i',  frdlowing  tho  course  of  thi'  rays.  Color:  ITie 
ground  eoittrof  the  npiver  part  of  the  lindy  is  a  light  giayish  brown,  on 
n-hich  are  4  tn;irkings  of  adarkir  brown,  of  whiidithe  lirst  3  are  hanfl-liki« 
auil  extend  below  the  lat<'nil  lino,  while  the  fourth  is  widest  below  and 
seiiils  only  a  narrow  point  liolow  the  liitt-ral  line;  between  tho  third  ami 
fourth  largo  body  markings  there  is  ft  small  blotch  of  similar  eolor  begin- 
ning at  tho  lati'ial  lino  nnd  exteUtUng  ilnvriiwiird  a  diatan<  cequal  toalmtit 
i  tho  long  iliameter  of  the  orbit;  at  tlie  ba-"'  of  tlie  c;indal  is  ri  b.ind-lrke 
marking  similar  in  color  to  thi'  body  luaikings,  and  the  postertnr  tialf  of 
thoi'iiiidal  bears2  obseiiie  bands  of  browu:  betwei'n  the  brown  iiiarkiugH 
til  ere  is  an  area  of  yellowish  white;  top  of  head  sieunn  brown;  choeka 
brown,  of  a  darker  tint  tlian  the  rest  of  thoheud;  Inwer  parts  of  bend  yel- 
lowish white,  MB  arei  the  bases  of  the  pectoral  and  the  anterior  part  of  the 
belly;  lower  pMits  <if  the  body  grayisfi  wliite.  ilolted  hero  and  tliere  with 
(•pots  of  milky  white,  largest  of  lliese  milky-white  spots  is  not  more  than 
^  B8  long  as  the  oildt;  belJy  with  Nonie  siuiilar  spotn,  rcaeuibling  m  this 
respeet  the  male  nl  Myoj^on-pliahix  tiriinliindinin,  but  tho  Rpots  are  ninoh 
smaller  than  in  thatupecios;  apinoits  dorsal  mainly  vei-y  dark  brown,  with 
2  light  areas  in  its  anterior  and  posterior  piirt«;  Hecoiid.  third,  and  fourth 
body  njarkiugs  eontiniied  npou  the  soft  dorsal ;  thut  proceeding  fruiu  the 


foiirtli  Ijorty  markiiip.  however,  in  contimieil  foTwnrd,  forming  a  mnririD 
for  the  up|ier  pimterior  pnrt  (if  tho  Hoft  dorsal;  ^ihiikI  color  of  the  pec- 
torn)  II  grayish  brown;  on  tliia  ^ronixl  citlor  the  upper  pi>i'tion  of  the  tin. 
on  its  iiiiterior  .surface.  Iiao  several  Imiuis  of  milky  white  l>ordpr«-<l  with 
ait'iiiia  brown  ;  the  lower  p;irt  of  the  iiiiti-rior  stivfitce  mottled  with  nearly 
liucar  niarkii]);i4  of  Hiemiii  lirnwu  liordcrfd  with  uiilky  white;  tho  niiirk- 
inKN  of  the  posterior  Riirfaru  of  tlu-  (loctoriil  ciirreHpondinj;  in  the  nkain 
with  thosi-  of  the  anterior  Hiirfiirn,  Init  the  tip.n  of  the  iiieinlirane  1>etwe<'ii 
muuy  of  the  Tiiyn  are  milky  white;  ventraln  otreukotl  nnd  spotted  with 
Hii'tinu  lirowiiridd  milky  white  on  lioth  Hnrfacen,  the  raemhranc  I'lusotothp 
tliird  ray  havinjr  a  rcj^iilBr  alti-ruatioTi  of  these  brown  and  whiti"  Apotx; 
im.il  ^ruyif'h  brown  Hpiirsiely  iiiottied  with  spot'*  rtimklur  to  tho»e  on  tbi' 
veiitrals;  iwritipnoiiiti  MihiTy  white.  The  length  of  the  iiitL-etiiie  ik  e<|nal 
to  till-  distMiico  from  t)i«  tip  of  tho  Biioiit  Ui  the  end  of  the  anul  lin.  Thn 
genital  papilla  i8  short,  iiUoiitei|ii:il  to  the  njieniii^  of  tho  vent.  Pribilof 
litliindti.  Kuowu  ft'oiii  1  Mpcciin)-u,  length  185  uim.  (Besn.)  (papitio, 
butterfly.) 

MtUeta  papiUo,  BlAN,  Frtw.  V.S.  Nat.  Mat.  I87a.;i54,St.  Paul  Island.  Pribilof  GreQ|i 
<T.vpe,  No.  Z375I,  U.  S.  Nat.  Uqh.  CoU.  Heory  W.  Elliott) ;  Jont>AS&  OtLBB^r,  SyiM|k 
■U,  718.  I8SI. 


4 
I 


735.  HEMILEPIDOTUS,  Cuvier. 
(Irish  Lokdb.) 

H*mBtp<dotUM.  CoVTKR,  Ritt.me  Anini.,  Ed.  2.  Vol.  n.  193,  183)  (hemitufiitlalwi), 
TfHimiMia.  KlciiAnowiM,  Faiinn  lii>r.- Amnr.,  111.  r>u,  ISM  trnUrieutv). 

Hody  with  2  broad  bands  of  roiii»L  Hcalollkft  idateson  each  side,  1  along 
tho  Hide  of  tho  b:i('k,  L  iib)u>;  the  lateral  line,  thf  upper  bands  meeting 
aiiteriorily  in  front  of  dorsal:  uculua  roiiiidiah,  their  upper  and  posterior 
mar^'iiiH  free;  akin  ethurwiBe  iinkod,  the  naked  ekin  thick  and  Arm;  liead 
naked.  Villiform  teeth  an  .jaws,  vomer,  and  palatines.  Top  of  bead 
rnjjiiHe,  the  ridj^ew  low,  without  spines,  no  spines  i>n  Aupruorbital  rim. 
Mnuiebioste^alf)  (!.  A  small  Hlit  biliind  fourth  ji^iil ;  gill  rneiuliranett  j»iiie<l 
to  iliiv  istlimtiH  jtnterinrly  but  forming  n  rather  broad  loM  nerose  it;  pn*- 
nperi-uhir  ajiines  simple,  Htronp.  tlorsal  tins  eoiniected,  the  first  long, 
with  stronjj  spines,  cnnir^inale.  llio  first  3  spines  shorter  than  those  which 
follow  ;veiitral8 1,  1.  North  Pacilie,  in  shiil  tow  water.  (ff/ii,h'A{;Xt}riS<i}r6i. 
sealed.) 

<i.  Tlirimt  nnil  liflly  [mro  wliitv,  nr  paWyrllovr.      T>.  III.  Till.  21:  A.  17.     Joriiaxi,  rtoT. 
Od.  Tliruot  null  liuU.v  |>rufu.ielv  siHitlMl  wllti  l>lack.    1).  Ill,  VIU,  IB;  A.  I.*! 

\tMU\UWJlMJTVK'.Sm 

■iMV..  IIKHII.KPIIinTll.S  JdltDA.Vl,   Ihioi. 

(iKI.HH    hORO;    YaUiOW  SVULVIIC.) 

ncftdS;  depth  IJ.    TK  111.  VIll,  21;  A. 17;  V.  I,  4;  eye,"?  in  lieml;  pector 
3)1;  ventral  1);  third  ilor«u1  npitie  3;  caudal  Ij.     Itody  nitlierrobnK.t  ant»» 
riorly,  tupering  iuttt  a  slender  oatidal  pedniiein;  nnnilh  niodurotc,  the  max- 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishts  of  North  A/furuu.     1935 


illary  rcftrhiiig  to  miiltilc  of  oyp;  lowor  jaw  innlniloil;  villiforra  teeth  na 
jiiWH,  vdiucr,  rtiiil  yvaliitiiK'n;  iiitcniihital  (Wcply  coiir'iivo,  abtmt  i  •<y<';  a 
flap  of  skin  iiVni'  piinN'rinr  inargiu  nf  fy,  1  '•»  tluM'k,  a  cimpU>  iit  tij)  of 
lowiT  ji«w,  I  (HI  end  ol'  iiuixilliiry,  1  iit  each  siilo  of  n»pc ;  tcip  of  ht-ad  cor- 
rti^atotl  lint  without  Hpttu-H.  A  btind  of  Hcalen  iiloii);  liaik,  in  4  hitIi-h 
antciiiirly,  I  or  2  poMtt-iinrly  ;  a  nukoil  uccii  bt'tweeu  (his  liuiul  au<t  Inti-rul 
lijw  of  alii>nt  tho  antni'  wiillh;  a  Hrrii'H  of  flpaI<>H  alotij;  lateral  liijv,  2  m<rie« 
aloii(j  thu  iiKvHint  third  of  \in  Iciijjtii;  bi-low  lat<TaI  liim  a  Imiid  of  Ncah-niii 
7  or  8  NcricH,  hoi-oiiiiii^  Bcnttcrvd  iind  eiubt'ddcd  audtT  prctorals.  FiuH 
grratly  (davati-il  in  thi-  miilcn;  oriKiii  of  doi'Hii]  ovit  hrnto  of  pi>ctoral.H,  \lw 
lirMt  3  Npiui'H  Hiibi-iiual,  thr  oIIk'i-  aiitvii^tr  Npiiii'M  tiiiirh  l(iii){t'r,  hut  xli^htly 
sliortftr  tlian  suit  ravN;  tip  of  pi'cttirais  rcachiiij;  fo  hrlow  thn  fniiith  .«oft 
ray  of  d»rsal;  vmitraln  iiinnivd  Hiighlly  hvhiiid  thctu;  thi-irtlpN  ri'aihiiiK 
v«'rit ;  caiKliil  Huhtniiiratf.  Cuhircn-ainy  whito.  niolUnl  willi  dark  Itrow-ii; 
tL«  iDiitllliigH  fiiriiiiiii;  iir«'nnlar  i"n>t<.s  bant;  Honit>  inix"lar  radiatiiij^  liiicj* 
from  eye;  vctittalrt  whitt;  in  the  fomalc,  dusky  or  HpL-tkled  in  the  male; 
othi-r  (liiN  witli  wavy  dark  oiokx  harn  and  Hpot.i;  lower  paitn  lai>;idy  bright 
yellow  in  life.  Here  deserihed  from  sjiecinieim  from  Ahiskni  at  ADmlrnna 
Station  31S31.  Length  12  to  25  Imehix.  Heriiig  Sea,  very  abmntautsoiith  to 
UnalMka  and  eaNt  U>  Kruliak;  niiieh  valued  hy  the  Aleiit«  ua  a  fond-tiMb, 
altboiiKh  rather  coar«e ;  «perimeiiH  writnulat  CapfaiiiH  Harbor,  Unala^tka, 
8t.  Pan!  lahiiid,  Boriiif;  Ishiiiil,  Unfjn,  Karhik,  and  at  Albalrotn  Station  3(i35 
oflFSt.  (ieorgi'  Inland  iti  21  fatlioum.  Characterised  hy  ilx  comparatively 
plalti  coh>rutiiui,  the  pale  part«  Wiujj  largely  bright  yellow  in  life,  wider 
and  Hliiilliiwer  interorhital  Mpaee,  Hiiiootlier  Hide  nf  the  head,  and  lunger 
dnrHal  and  aiinl.  Ail  HpeeinieiiH  examined  have  dorwal  XI,  21;  A.  17.  At 
unlenor  and  posterior  ends  of  oeeipital  ridges  are  eenters  aionrid  which 
radiate  very  <'oarNe  broken  Htriie,  ctyntnmtinj;  witli  the  tlrieriiranulatiouM  of 
II.  hemil^pidotug,  wliieh  are  also  dij^posed  in  rarltafin)j  lim-M.  The  iiialeH 
iliflTerfroni  feniali's  in  tlie  ^ent  development  n{  all  the  tinn,  the  higher  IhipH 
ou  hesMl,  and  the  presence  of  nmre  yellow  on  jaws  and  hntnelitoHti'i,'al 
region.  Tiie  jjeneral  eolor  of  body  anrl  npper  tins  is  dnll  olive  nuitlled 
with  blniHli.  the  ventral  (iliH  and  sides  of  belly  often  obweiirely  speekled, 
tL«  uuiler  partu  tratislneent  wbite  In  splrilrt  but  larj;ely  bright  yellow  in 
life.     (Named  for  David  Starr  .lordan.) 

Hemilfpidohu  joritani.  Bean,  Proc.  T.S.  Nnt.  Miie.  IKgl,  l.M,  (Jnalaska  (Type,  No.  ST-SM, 
U.S.  N.  M.  Cnll.  .Svlvaoun  Itnlloy);  «:n.BKUT.  He|iL  t"..S.  Kluli  C'omin.  imt:!  llH(«>,431i 
JOHtiilN  A^  UiuiERT,  FiHliL-H  Boriugf  8ca.  in  Kept.  Fur  Sonl  liiTo«ts  18Q0,  lttU7  MS, 


i»m.  ilKSILEFIDIITrM  lieXILRPinOTdM  (Tilenioa). 

(IlKLl   SeiLMN.) 

Hftad  '2\ :  depth  3}.  li.  II!,  VIFI,  l!i  or  20;  A.  15;  eye  Ai  In  head;  third 
dornal  spine  '.i;  third  dormil  ray  2i^;  pectoral  lij;  ventral  1^;  caudal  1^. 
Body  robust,  nnt  dcprosHed;  head  large;  interorhital  spaco  deeply  oon« 
cav«,  its  width  t  diameter  of  the  large  eye;  uoeipitnl  ridge«  low  and 
broad ;  bones  of  top  of  head  extremely  rough,  bnt  withont  npiuefl,  nake<l 
hilt  with  radiating  strhi' ;  Mmnll  tlaps  over  po.Hterior  part  of  eye,  at  o^cei- 
put,  over  opercle,  and  oi\  cheeks,  niuxillary,  preoperele,  mandible,  and  tip 


of  atioat;  month  inmlerate,  tli«  maxillary  reaching  to  below  posterior  mar- 
gill  of  eye.     Ja%viiBnlH.'<|unr,  villiform  tot-tli  in  broud  bands  on  jnw8,  vomer, 
and  piilnliiicB.     Skin  thick  uiid  lirm;  ((ill  Dir-inbranes  formiiij;  a  mo<l»'rate' 
fold  acroBS  tbo  isthmus:  u|ipvr  band  of  scales  of  about  4   rou-s,  luu-rower 
than  the  iiiturapaco;  first  3  opines  of  doraal  aliout  e<|iia],  lower  thaii  tbon 
following;  noft  dorsul  hi^jb,     <)liTni-«oii8 or  reddish,  more  or  iema  luotrlr^l 
and  barred  with  darker;  belly  and  lower  parts  jialo,  ]>rofi]aelycoveri<d  wiih 
small  blnckixh  spots;  iiius  all  iiiore  or  leao  spouklod;  skin  joining  Ikhic*  uf 
jaws  finely  spotted  with  bjaok.     Length  18  inches.     Kamchatka   to  San 
Francisco;  abundant  from  I'niLrct  Soniid  to  Sitka;  not  ronituon  in  Beriue 
8ea.     SmalhT  than   firmilepidnluit  Jordani  nuA  innoh  more  varied  in  color. 
Hero  described  from  a  specimen  9  inches  in  leii};tb,  from  Pii/^ot  Soiiml, 

AJthtHijjh  lunch  l«.'w<  nbundant  in  Bering  Sea  than  H.  jordant,  this  in  ibr 
inily  !*|«cicH  wliirli  c:im(*  into  the  liand.s  of  tliiv  older  writers.  Tli«<  Cottut 
triitliiinit  "f  Pallas,  HU'pnas  retilricosut  ENc-hscbtdtz,  H.  ti/efrii  Cuvier  d 
\'iil«niicniios,  and  H.  gibbti  Gill,  all  belon):;  here.  In  addirimi  to  tlic 
Htrikiii;^  dirterouccs  in  color,  H.  InmiU-jmlotuii  i«  diKtiiijrni-"<hi-«l  by  Iht-  tnnrh 
narrower  find  deeper  iutororbital  Hpiice  anil  the  more  i>j£f<'iisiTe  firrauiila- 
Hons  of  the  b<ine.s  of  the  hi'ail  in  iidnltH.  The  oceipil.il  jind  temporal 
ridjjes  are  more  elevated,  the  grannlatioiiH  liner,  extendiiijr  onto  upper 
portion  of  operele,  snborbitiil  ring,  and  bony  bridge  aerown  cheek.  The 
opcri-ular  rib  and  the  suborbital  Htay  are  Niuontb  or  fiiintly  striata  in  ff. 
jordoni.  Tlie  verlical  tins  are  couhttaiitly  slutrler  and  hiwer  thau  in  H.  jor- 
dam,  the  fnniinla.  1).  XI,  \'Pi,  A.  !.'>,  being  coustant  in  all  specimens  exam- 
iai'd.     {■t)tiiXtiit6a3r6i,  half-sealed.) 

CoUiM  htmHtpidoliu.  TuxsiDs,  M^m.  Ac.  Petarsh.,  tn,  1810, 383,  Petropaulski;  baaed  eo 

ilyoxoefiihatuM  eimiiiUu.  STBLUeil  MS.,  1741, 
Cnttut  trac.hurvt,  Pallah,  Zougr.  RoN.-AaUt.,  m,  ]38, 1811,  Kuril  Ulanda.    (Coll.  GapL 

Joiepli  VillliiK».) 
JltmiWpiitvtUM  tilrtii,    CCVIBR   *    Valr.n< :IB.-«,VM,  Hilt.    N«(,   Vo\—.,  IV.  278.  1828;  alW 

TlLESItTB  auU  VALLAS  ;   QCNTHBB.  C«t.,  II,  173. 

Bletmian  vetilriroiut,  EsirHs('iioi.TK,  Zool.  Atlna,  Hd  Hefl,  U,  1. 13,  l«2l>,  Norfolk  Sound  and 

Sitka.     (Ci»U.  Capt  KuUoline.) 
BcmiUinJotutffiUitii.  GiLU  Pruc.  Ac.  Nat.  Set  Phlla.  IBSZ,  13,  NortbwiMitBoniidary Surrey; 

no  deflnittt  locality  given.    (<;dU.  Dr.  Siiokley.) 
Hemiltjii<t<>t\'4  trneltuni*.  .TuiujAN  *  GnakUT,  Sj-iiopnlif.TlS,  1883. 
Ttmni*ti<i  ventrieota,  UlciiAUinMj:<,  Fauua  Uor.-Amer,,riiik.,S9, 1830. 


726.  CALYCILEPIDOTUS.  Ayres, 


CnlyeOtjndoltit,  Anuw,  Proo.  CaL  Ao. 8ci.,  t,  1B55, 76  (npinonu). 

This  gcims  is  very  clone  to  JItmilrpidotut,  from  whieh  it  diHiom  in  the 

broad  iiuiiiii  of  the  gill  ini>iiibrani>H  In  tlie  istliiuMH,  the  skin  not  ftiriniiip  a 
fold  iicriwH  it.  The  sl<iii  of  the  Imdy  i-nlliin  and  lax  iiiid  the  Kingte  known 
speeii's  iw  iiiiH'li  biiuiUit  inid  letsM  robnsl  lliiiri  the  species  of  UrmiUpiilnlwt,, 
The  fiirmttf  the  upper  siiifai'e  nftbe  crimiMiulH  also  different.  Tlie  i-idgesi 
on  bend  are  putmiiieiit,  l)rnkc'n  up  iiitu  rciu>;h  irregular  spines;  pnsfei-iur 
partiif  riiipiaorbitul  rimveij  rough  luiil  uneven.  (xtiAu5,cup;  Ae>ri4iuro{, 
Mealed.) 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     1937 


if:M».  ('AI.VC'lI,KPItlOTrs  SIMIVONIIS,  Aynw. 

Ilf.i(l  I'J;  <lipth  5.  n.  Ill,  Vlll,  W;  A.  15;  scalfft  60;  pyp  4-^  in  brwul; 
iiiiixillitry  2^;  fourth  rlurniil  spim-  l ;  pt^ctoral  1^ ;  v<-iitrnl  2;  t'liuilMl  1J. 
ISixly  niHicr  rlniigfilf,  dcjHvswii ;  Iicnil  liroiul,  HOiurwhat  cotnavi'  l>i'twi>tM) 
till'  (H'cipitiil  ridgi's;  'X  Kliarp  radiating  [iilgi'M  lii'liiml  np]n'r  pnntvrinr 
margin  (if  ciuli  orliit,  Miniii'vvliftt  ln'okni  up  iiitu  trj'f<;iil;ir  M)iititn;  posterior 
pari  of  Htipraorliital  rim  Inokiii  tiii  iiiln  «pinfH;  top  of  ln-uil  <'o\-<>rr(i  with 
liio.'O'  skill,  aihl  will)  -tliick-m-l  iiiucohn  tulifs;  ititcrnrlMtal  spijcc  narrow, 
ccnii-avi-,  X  diiuni'ttT  of  ryi';  pn'optTilo  with  2  utrmig,  sluirtiKli,  divi'rgiiig 
Kpiiir-K  alwivi-;  lic^lry  ^lipH  alio\c  opi-rclr,  iiCiir  iippti'  poHtrriur  part  of  i-yi>, 
jiikI  at  ori-ipiit;  n  Ion;;  llt-sliy  Hlip  on  uiiixillitry,  and  4  on  lowrijaw;  many 
HCalt*  nil  Miiti'^  with  small  liiips;  skin,  where  luil  scaly,  thin  anil  lax;  dor- 
sal hand  of  mules  with  ahout  7  rowM  at  it«  wictcst  pjirt,  aut<!riorly  luiuL 
wider  than  the-  spacfi  lH>tWPO)i  it  aiTd  tin*  lateral  baud;  iRtUiiiUH  rather 
liroad,  tlie  memliram-a  not  forming  a  fold  a<rii«a  it;  dorsiil  fiiiH  confjid- 
(Tiihly  onniiected,  spiiu'B  very  low,  thi'  highest  ahoiit  %  thi'  height  of  tho 
Moft  rays;  p<><t»)ral«  hroad,  shortish,  ttl)on(  rcaeiiin;;  vent;  distauee  fronj 
spinouH  doraal  to  Huoiit  Rreater  tii.iii  length  of  xieftoral.  C'olttr  hrnwn, 
nuitth'il  and  nliseitri'ly  liarred,  often  tin|c;fil  witli  red;  to])  of  head  nHiially 
with  brick  red;  Ijiis  all,  except  ventruls,  mottled  with  hlackish  and  red- 
dish;  skin  joiniriu  bones  iiCJawa  iins]iottj'd;  litdly  whitish,  iiiiniaeiilati<. 
Here  th'scrihed  from  a  specimen  from  Monterey  Hay,  California,  10  iiuLea 
in  leiifrth.  Const  of  California,  in  rathi-rdee]!  water;  not  ('ouimoii;  knuwu 
only  from  ahout  Wontiirey  and  .Sun  Fnuo-iKr'o,     («7i)?k>*k*,  spiTiy.) 

rftH^carpiiolottyinntVLt,  ATBBB,  ProcCal.  Ar,  .Sci..!,  1856,  78,  San  Pranciceo. 
UemiUyidvliit  »i»uotu*.  OlBAMn.  Pro«.  Av.  Knt.  Sol.  PUila.  I860, 134;  GWAMU,  V.  S.  Pm.  R. 
R.  Sun-.,  X,  Kiab.,  68, 1858;  J0110.LH  &.  niLHBRT,  Synopnia,  715. 

727.  ENOPHRYS,  Swainson. 
(Stonb  ScnLPiNs,) 

Knophryi,  BwAHraON.  Clann'n  Finlic-n,  [1.371.1839  (etavigtr). 
A^iieoaui,  GlBASD.  rmc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sri.  Philn.  INM.  lau  itnton). 
O^foevttv*,  AvttKs'.  I'Ttir.  Cul.  Au.Sei.  185*.  12  <rol««fuj). 

Body  short  ami  thick,  iloprecwd  anteriorly.  Hcivfl  very  large,  inaih«d 
ahove  with  mgose,  bony  plates;  a  serien  of  large,  rough,  bony  plates  along 
lateral  line;  no  scilus.  Teeth  iu  viHiforiii  bands  in  jaws  uud  on  vomer, 
iiono  on  palatines;  prco]>ereb-  with  strong,  utraight  spinps;  suborbital 
stay  broad,  ext<'riiany  boity,  gill  uienibranes  joined  to  the  isthmuH,  not 
formiD^  a  fold  across  it;  a  slit  bebtnd  fourth  gill,  Dorsal  tinn  Hcparate, 
the  aDtcrior  abort,  n»t  notched;  iiiial  short.  Intestinal  canal  elougatv. 
llorbivoruiiK,  feeding  cliictly  on  algjc.     (If,  on;  o^pvi,  eyebrow.) 

Aspicorrrrt  iwrmt.  ubield;  f'uUut): 

a.  PreniHJTculiir  npiiie  aliniit  i  li<<ad,reiu!hing  cml  of  np«roIe  or  •  little  boyoad;  bony 

lilntea  of  lide  without  kiwi  or  apinp.  Bison.  2310. 

Xmopbuys  ; 

aa.  Preoiieri-tilar  «pin<>  vnry  long,  rPn«"lilnH  middle  of  Hpiiioim  dornnl ;    liony  plaltm  ot 

aideM  e»i'ii  n-illi  li  wrruled  keel  ur  apiuo.  CLAVIOEK.  !£)ll. 


taeelpltal  riilgn  not  di<TBloi>ad i  Intarorliital  grooTv  deep  tmA  aaxrow.  pn 

opamalar  apiiK'K  ntnAll.  lccaslXiQ 

•«>  Tnoavone  occipiul  ridco  well  doveloped :  intrrorbital  grooxo  Iea«  dacp  adJ  wiin. 

preupereular  npinea  Urccr.  DicKB^rs,SU^ 

aili.  I'EBATIK'OTTrH  I.IXJISI.  .Tor<t«n  .^  Ollbort.  new  si>»«ip«. 

Head  2I|  iu  lon^tli,  meuaurml  to  oiirl  of  opercular  Dap;  depth  3\.    D. 
vn,  13;  A.  11»;  I'.  17  "r  18.     K.ye  4i|  in  b«ftd;  iiwixillary  2^;  prf..penolM 
apine  2J;  pectoral  flu  1J|.     Miixillni^'  runcbing  nearly  to  the  vertical  fr»i» 
poHt<>rinr  margin  uf  eye;    vtlliforin   tec-tli  no  Jaws  mid    vouivr,  the  otittr 
serirM   ii)  jiiws  (;i)luri;c<l ;  no   tnoth   on  palutiues;  iuterorbit.-il  Mpiu'c  ver; 
■Icieply  ohanncled,  its  least  width  J  diiitueter  of  eye;  upper  edge  of  orbital 
rim  Hbiirp  aud  beset  with  :i  siuglo  scries  of  small  teeth  ;   orripiit  abrnptlj 
depremiwl  behinil  the  oyi-H  to  ImjIow  the  floor  of  interorbital  space,  j»s  in  C 
rfic(T<(M«,  nearly  Hat  both  transversely  and  longitudinally,  tbeneciput  rid^ 
Ix'iug  very  low,  aud  the  trunnvcrs*-  rid;rc  soeouapiciionsat  hark  of  occiput 
iu  adult  ('.  rfirrroiu  is  here  not  developed;  nuchal  rid)^e.*i  high,  eleraleil, 
au<l  coiiipreiiHed  into  a  minutely  serrnted  edge,  a  vi-ry  sniall  i-i]8]»-like  ele- 
vation at  tlioir  biiHe  anteriorly;   uaaal   and   preorbital    spiues   n»   la  C 
dioiraiiii;  upper  pi'eop4>ri'iilar  sptui-s  elendi-r  and  eomc^rbat  deeurreil  ••- 
ward  tips,  minutely  rougbriied  on  the  outer  surface,  and  lieitriDi;  on  their 
npi>er  i^dge  li  retrorsely  bcioked  spines,  resouibling  the  sptueti  on  «  m» 
bash;  below  this  'i  short,  strong  npines,  the  first  immediately  l««lov  the 
ii]ipt'i'  spine  Kud  divLTging  from  it,  the  second  directed  tiearly  vertitttllt 
downward,  thf  third  downward  and  forwartl;  2  strong  diverging  spiDK 
at  iiiitvHiir  angle  of  Hubopcrole;   opercular  ridgu  elevated;   all    cxpaeed 
liiines  of  head  rongbeuett   with  radiating  serii'it  of  lines  which  are  beert 
with  minute  prickles;  lateral  line  with  3G  bony  plates  deorenaing  in  8ii» 
pi)Nt<'ri»rl y,  eaib   plate   bearing  small  rilender  Hpine»,  tho»o  on  the  Miiddlv 
of  plate  longiT  than  tbo  others  and  ilirerted  baekward.     From  fraK'npol" 
of  skin  left  ou  snout  and  .side  of  be:id  in  1  specimen,  it  ia  evident  thai 
this  species  ia  colored  miieh  as  in  C.  diciriiut,  the  gronnd  color  liKht  olive, 
thickly  covered  with  sninll  dusky  Hpnts,  around  which  the  groujid  color 
forms  narrnw  reticulating  lines.     When  takon  the  bones  of  the  bea4l  were 
a  bright  vitriol  green,     liering  Sea;  2  Hpecimons,  1^  and  i:)2inni.  long; 
1  taken  from  tbo   stomach  of  a  cod,  the   other   from  a  halibut,  both  of 
which  were  captured  near  St.  Paul  Inland.     The  skin  is  digested  olT  from 
both  apecimeiis,  so  that  the  color  can  not  be  doterminetl,  but  tbev  ate 
otherwise  in  good  condition.     Difieriiig  from  Cdirrrnui  in  the  deeper  nar- 
rower interorbital  sroove  and  the  smaller  size  and  different  annatnre  of 
the   preoperculiir   spines.     (Nanied   for   Mr.  Frederick  AugUNtns    Lu«-a.s 
Curator  of  Comparative  Anatomy  in  the  IT.  S.  National  Mum-uiu  and  uietii- 
ber  of  the  U.  S,  Fur  Seal  CorrutiiHsiou  in  1896  and  1897. 

CVradicotrtu  iiicajri.  JoRPAX  &  (iiLHERr  MS.,  Floties  Drriog  8««,  18M,  1897  HS..  St.  Pmul 
Ulaad  (Type,  Na  4iE>34 ;  Cnl>  jn,  No.  5061,  L.  S.  Jr.  Cniv.  Hoa.    Coll.  JonUa.) 

2S1.1.  tTRATOI'OTTrS  DIIERAr.S  (P»I1m). 

D.  VII,  14 ;  A.  10;  ('.  12 ;  1\  17 ;  V,  I,  X  Form  of  Enophryt  hUon,  the  head 
Itirge,  wilier  tliiHi  deep  or  li>ng:  toji  of  head  nearly  as  in  Enophrt/t  hitint, 
the  ridges  higher   and   very  run^h;   orbital   lidges  olevate<l,  continued 


Jordan  and  Everniami. — Fishes  of  North  America,     1941 


backwunl  toward  the  oitpe.  tlie  iM'etpital  riil^ea  sharp  bi-hiiiri;  upper  pre- 
opercular  .spine  very  l"'in,  miifjli,  neiirly  J  na  long  as  lu-uil,  with  Htrong 
ieiMirvt!<i  fuiokMdr  Beirutiiins  im  th«>  upper  ed^e;  lower  pifoperfiihtr  spines 
Btnuiy;  iijiercle  with  a  louKitmliual  rib  ami  no  ilistiiH't  sjiiiie;  littertil  line 
with  J)  row  <tf  raiigh  bniji,-  sfiitella,  caob  wiih  a  iiiiinite'  ccntrjil  .spiue; 
skiit  above  more  or  li-sa  vilhniH  or  prickly,  elsowhoio  siiinotli.  IhHiuiiib 
wide;  a  altL  bt4iiiiil  laai  jjiH;  vomer  with  treth.  lluriD^  ■'^ea.,  riitboi'  coiu- 
uinii  frnm  AhtHkit  to  K:i]iit-1iatk:i  fttiil  Naglialin.  Here  clpscribeil  I'roui  ii 
Hpet-iiiien  iu  the  Uritlsh  Musemii,  iibout  ti  inrlieM  long. 

|)r.  (iitbert  has  this  note  ou  liuveraj  ndiiltd  tukcu  with  seiiio  at  tlerun- 
ilceu  Buy,  Alaska  Peuiusuhi: 

Thvre  are  6  of  7  (ttrniig  barbs  iticliiifd  linward  on  upper  surface  of  pre- 
Mperciilar  xpine,  wliicli  ia  very  lung,  .^lendor,  and  straiglit,  rencbin;;  to  boluw 
middle  of  Mpinoiis  <lor»al,  FilanicutR  arraii^eti  as  in  Knoplirf/K  ilnrujiy, 
but  tho8i-  on  )>0!iterior  part  uf  body  much  niore  iiaiueroas.  Anal  papiIJa 
very  liirgi«,  0.27  uini.  in  a  spocinifn  195  mm.  Imi)^.  There  secnis  to  be  no 
prirklcs  oa  region  above  lateral  line,  or  on  iibduinen.  Stomai'hs  lilled  with 
mnilimcan  ahellB,  mainly  limiit'ts.     1).  Vlll.  13  or  1-1;  A.  10  to  12. 

One  »p<H'iin6n  from  Kohben  Isltiml,  erdlocled  by  Mr.  Harr(^tt-llamilte>i], 
ami  'A  jroung  apevimeuH  front  I'etrnpniiltiki,  hIiow  the  following  charactera: 
The  depth  of  the  oci'ipitul  di!]>res«iiou,  the  height  of  the  •iiflerciit  ridges 
and  Kpim^fl,  and  thv  auioiiiit  of  the  irregularity  in  the  caaps  of  the  pre- 
•iporcular  etpine  iit  aubjeit  to  great  intUvidual  variation.  We  liud  no 
iuipiM't:iut  ililferiMieea  helueen  thia  8pocinii<u  and  thoKe  from  the  Aliuikan 
PeiiiuHiila  reporteil  on  by  Gilbert  <  Report  ( 'ommisaionnr  of  Fish  and  Fish- 
erit'8,  ISSlfi,  -i:ili).  Tbeoccipital  depn-B.-^iouiH  less  and  the  cross  ridge  behind 
it  uiiich  lower  in  the  ndiilt  tVoin  Kobbtjn  Island,  tb<"  occijoit  rompuratively 
(lat  and  withuut  rross  ridgu  in  the  yotiug.  We  <li>  not  venture  to  tia»i<  any 
diHtinctiiin.<4  on  these  dillereuceH  which  may  be  ilue  in  part  to  age  and  iu 
part  to  individual  variation.     (di<,  two;  xfpnos,  horned.) 

CottvM  dietratu,  Pallas,  Kov.  Act  PvtroiHil.  1783.  364,  pi.  10,  tig.  7.  Petropaulaki,  Kam- 
chatka (Coll.  Stellt>r);  CcniBB  St.  TALENClEOiZA,  UUt.  2fat.  Fuias.,  iv,  1$9,  1829: 
aomaitB,  Cat.,  n,  ll». 

AyiuiiMete  etrout,  Tiusaius,  M6in.  Ae.  Pertenb.,  m,  1811,  278,  pL  13,  Petropaulski.  (CoU. 
8tell(ir.) 

Cottiu  iUlUri,  Bloch  ii.  ScBlfUDBB,  Syal.  lolttb.,  63,  1801 ;  after  STKU.EM. 

Crrntueulttu  liia-raui.  litLL,  Proc.  Ac.  N»t.  Sci.  Phllu.  18S0.  IDS,  luiil  Um.  107. 

Enoj'hryt  diceraut.  .loitUAN  ii.  (jlLBEBT.  SynopaJB,  711.  1883i  IjlLlillBT.  iU-pt.  U.  tS.  Fiith 
Cuuim.  1803  (1896),  US. 


729.  COTTUS  (Arteili)  Lillna-Us. 

(MlLLKll's  TlIUMllS.) 

CMtM,  Abtsdi,  Oenen  Piaolom,  40. 1738. 
OBMim,  LlNKifS,  .SyHt.  Nat.,  x,  2fl4, 1758  (gobio  •). 
PtgtdietU,  KATiHES^tJE,  Ic-hrli.  tibleDiiJii,S&,  IS20  (ictaiopt). 


*  OWtw ooMa,  the  common  Miller's  Thnnib  of  Europe,  b(<l(iii^  to  tlio  ojinie  £"><■!'  aM 
OMtuM pMieari*,  philonivn^  etc.,  having  no  palatine  t»'tL.  the  »\tm  BDinoth,  ani!  Mic  vi-atral 
rayii  1.4.  Xhv  rays  nrv  P.  VI  to  V'lII.  16  or  17;  A.  Vi.  Tim  nanip  CuHiu  In  rontrift«tl  tu 
tli'in  tyjK'  by  Ciivicir  .V  Viili>iii  ieuiH-«.  wliu  riiiiark.  "Co  Kfurw  (Vutlut)  avalt  pour  type 
IMrlniiiiTc,  im  pvtil  iicaittltupteryKieii  tie  nu*  riviinw  A  l«t«  large,"  eUi. 


1942  Bulletin  fj,  United  Stales  Natiottal  Afuseum. 


Culiopn*.  GlOABO, Pnio.  Boat. Soo. Xat.  HiMl.,  vx,  I8S0. 303  (tuiptt). 
rot,niuicvll\u,C>\u„  I'roiv  Bonis  8oe.Nul.  UiRt.,  viu,  1861,40  {piiiiflvltitU4). 
Tuuridta,Joiiliii}S  Ai  Kiel,  Man.  Vert.  E.  C.S.,  Ed. '.',255,  l«Tg  {rveti. 

Fresh  wnU<rHoal|iina.  Hotly  fiisi romi,  Heiid  t'wOily  anued;  skiusmoutb 
)>T  more  <ir  lo«»  velvety,  it«  pni-klcj*,  if  prcHi'nl,  not  bony  or  Kcale-likc: 
villironn  lecth  on  jaws  ;iii«l  votii<T.  and  sonietuueH  on  p:ilHtiui'«.  Gill 
op«iiiii^;»  »o|i:u-.iti-il  liy  a  wirlf  i.stliiiins,  over  whirh  the  moitilir.iuc«  tlo  not 
fui'iii  u  fold ;  ii(»  Hlit  )>t'hiii(l  full)  til  {{ill.  Hram-hiostegalsli.  DorsaU  nearly 
or  i\iuU)  HL^|iiii;it<',  the  lirat  of  (i  tu  !•  slender  sjiines;  vi-ntrals  luctderati-, 
each  wiLli  a  Mhort  coucealed  apiuu  iiuil  I  Hoft  rays.  Lateral  Hue  pri-selit, 
uiiiiull.v  uioir  fir  k'KB  I'liuin-like,  Humetitues  iiicoiiiplcte.  PreoptTcl*  with  a 
simple  spine  (it  itM  unglo  which  is  nguully  cnrted  upward,  it«  base  niorf 
or  loss  ouvart'd  by  skiu,  very  rarely  obsolete;  U8uall,v  2  or  H  apiues  tnruol 
downward  below  thin;  Muhopen'le  usually  with  .i  concave  Kpiue  turned 
downward,  Virtel'nc  10-f -'H  ^=;<3;  ]iyloric  cu-oa  about  4.  Fishe«  of  fiiualJ 
size,  iiiiiabitinf;  clfur  waters  in  the  nortlirTn  parts  of  Europe,  Asia,  suil 
Aiuerii'B.  The  spuries  ai'o  extremely  uiiiiierous,  and  are  very  difficult  l« 
distinKiiii^b,  it'll  bein^  very  Hiniiiur  in  funii,  colorntion,  and  habits.  ]t  i« 
probivble  that  tlmse  nre  desveiided  fr<>ni  some  Asiutic  uisi'iue  type,  ai 
lyaehulermiiH  i^Cenlridt!rm\rhtli\i»)  ruthcr  than  froiii  MyoTocrjthnlng.  lu  tliit 
case  CoHoH  asyir  wonhl  approach  more  neurly  to  the  ancestral  form.  FroiD 
it  lui-  doHcendi'd  Collin  mmiiicaliir  and  i'litlun  irialopa,  with  their  lunltitude 
of  variations.  Collna  ijohio,  aliiilitun,  jiliilonipit,  and  pollicarU  indicatv  the 
poMsilde  descent  nf  Vranidia.  In  lik<-  uinnniir  Triglopiia  seeois  to  be  d«- 
suuuded  through  Oiirmottn*  from  Myojweithaln*.  The  Miller' sTbiiinb,  or 
Blob,  is  found  in  most  streams  aud  Inked  where  trout  ocuur,  and  it  is  oar 
of  the  moat  destructive  MiemicH  of  the  trout,  devouring  its  eggs  in  great 
numbers.  [Colliin:  kiirro;,  an  old  name  of  the  Kiiropeaii  Miller's  Thumb. 
Cotlii*  ijuh'w,  Linna-ux,  from  wornr  hi;ad.) 

a.  Palatine  Imurs  cuiih  with  u  bjuiil  uf  t«eth  (tbeae  rurcly  few  iu  number  ur  wbolly 
abatuil). 
Pbobdictib  InirrH.  fuunti^;  ixtv^,  flsb>: 

b.  Prvupuniilnr  nplnv  almii,  booked  npwarti,  jiartially  or  wiiully  cuDixalfd  bf 
skiu  ;  'i  i>r  ;i  Hiiiallf'r  Hpinos  dlrect«-(l  dunuwant  luilnw  it. 
I.  AonI  my*  15  to  30;  back  and  nidea  smooth  or  rarionsly  priakljr. 
d.  Body  robuat;  b«i)<)  i'i)iiii<)i'<l  Hutvriorly. 

«.  Vent  midway  between  biise  of  caudal  and  tip  of  ammU 

ee.  Vtmt  nearer  banc  uf  laudiil  tbos  tip  ol'  anoat. 

QCbOSCJS.su. 
dd.  Body  InnK  and  alundar:  head  narrowing  rapidly  forward.  Die  cooiil 
uculvly  ruundrsL.  irvBmiUkjnn.  SK. 

«o.  Attal  raya  1 1  to  15. 

/.  Haad  nnrrnwcd  antrrinrly,  th«  snout  long;   latonal  Una  roa|>leto. 
booli  uud  itidoH  uoaranly  priikly,  aoraetlmM  amnoth. 

aaotHKca.  311* 

Jf.  H«ad  iDOTt«  or  \t*t,  lilunt  anil  roaniled  in  ontUne  ttnteriarly;  ika 

anont  ahnrt. 

g.  AunI   raya  13  to  15,   uaiully  ITi;  oaudol  peduncle  lUmt;  akin 

suiooUk  BKasTA.  ZIU. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     1943 


r 


^.  Anal  niya  11  to  13,  iMnally  13. 

A.  <.'aiii)ul  iitMluiK'lv  very  slcn<lvri  ila  leaBt  depth  not  miioh 

gr»'at<>r  Ihun iliuim'teruf  rye;  budyiuiil  litKui  jiriifnsclj 

•  p»snVU'*l.  I'OMCTUIjn  L-8,  'tiVi. 

hh.  Candal  pMiinolo  dwp.  jUi  liviat  tleplli  fi\u»,]  lu  IvDctti  nf 

Hiiuiit ;  lijirk  anil  xiik^B  Itsun  (IJMtiuolly  lllKtckl(^d. 

i.  Hrail    liliint,    low,    rouuilnl    unlpritirly;    Inxly   with 

vft^iio  (lark  I'lmitln  nr  N]trrk]«,  not  wry  dinlinrtly 

burrwl-  nkin  niiioolli  i>r  rnrloiiiily  pric-kly,  aoiue- 

tinivB  very  rougli,  at>i]ii.-liiue»  [lerrci'tly  Bruoutli. 

8KMISr'AIIIUt,Z32U. 

ii.  Uoiul  loiiH  ronml'tl,  Willi  II  intxliau  iloprttKsloTi ;  Ixidy 

ummlly   witli    linmil,   iilili((ii<',  rlurk    lp»r»i   n&ll 

UBUnUy  will)  Muniii  liui'  jirliiVlex,  Ihi!  bnrk  Maootli. 

ICTXU>I-B,  2321. 

TauSIDBA  (rabpa,  I'ow ;  tlim,  mppi<nnui<!C) : 

lib.  rn<api*rcuUir  N|>lni.<  v&ry  Ivgo,  as  large  aa  eye,  aail  «pir>Ily  hooked;  back  with 

»li(K»Ii  prii-kten. 

J.  l>or»al  TUT,  17;  aunt  Vi;  boad  vtiry  bnaA  and  flat:  Irady  oliTaoeouA,  finely 

BpcckliHl  and  luutled.  HICBl,  :a'ii. 

COTTCB: 
aa.  Palattne  teeth  waiillD;;  (rarely  a,  few  di<vrli>p<Hl  In  mfdi'n). 

k.  Preoporcli^  kUIj  u  spiiu!  at  lla  atigk*,  Iwliiw  wUii-h   iini   2  othera   iUreet«d 
duwDward. 
(.  Back  and  nldivi  more  nr  leaa  priokly ;  dumal*  ijiiiiit^Uil.  Iat«nil  line  oom- 
plete:  pieopercle  with  along  claw-Ukoepinc:  dursol  VIII.  17:  anal  13. 

OMYC-aca,  2323. 
({.  Back  und  aidee  amootfa  or  prickly  behind  axil  imly. 

m.  I'rfiopercaUr  apiiio  lonu,  ctirvMl  upward  iu  u  apinU;  donuil  flna  low, 
connected  :  dnrsala  VI I -10:  anul  13.  iiillicakis,  2321. 

mm.  I'n'opcri'iiliii' npiiic  ntrvL'd  ujiwitrdi  peotoral  ua  louc  iishuad:  dur- 
kaI  VIll,  1«:  lujul  U.  (XKiNVTfs.  K125. 

miniii.  I'r«a[mr<;iilar  xpine  very  lilinrt,  lionked  niiward,  domula  wvll 
tonnecU'd,  tlie  Npinna  low.  tlin  soft  rays  high;  lateral  lin« 
inroitiplete.  l/owor  prvoiwnsuliir  apluua  well  der<'lo|ifxl  i  D. 
Vll,  21iA.  IB.  PERPLzxDs,  2a2fl. 

U;.  Preopercle  with  a  ■tugii^  abort  apinc  at  iU  tip  only,  and  no  dialluut  apitioa 
belutv  it,  tho  lower  Hpiuea  reduou]  to  antslea  vf  tbi<  Itone. 
«.  I'oatorior  uostrlla  In  aliun,  but.tonsplcuoua  tuljos;  •  doraal'^  ooiiDi'«(«di 
akin  nnKxith  or  mnrly  »";  dursal  VU  tu  X,  18  ur  19;  nnnl  la  nr  U. 
0.  Latural  liui>  very  incouiplcte.  KJj^aiATHeKSU,  2327. 

oo.  I^t<>rul  Hue  cam[iletv  or  nearly  no, 

j>.  lk>r»ttl  npitiou  I  .V  eir  X.  A1-BDT1CP8,  2328. 

ftp.  Lloriial  spiufs  VU.  MlNOTl's,  21129. 

Mtt.  roHterior  uostrila  wilUuut  tuben;  akin  nearly  amootb;  O,  Vll  or  VHX. 
I6U1I8;  imall2tu  14. 
q.  Hood  miKlvntte,  3|  to  4  in  loogtb. 

r.  Uuutti  rathiT  Ur;,:^,  tho  iimxiUary  3}  in   bead,  reaching  to 

oppoait©  middle  uf  nye. 

(.  Depth  ■»!  to5  in  iBBfith.  BELDiKon,  2830. 

Mt.  I>eptli  Cin  looKth.  PHlIvOKIPS,  2331. 

rr,  M<iuth  vury  email,  tliu  iiiaTJllary  U|  in  head,  roacbing  front 

of  pnpll.  AMNJC,  339S. 

qq.  Head  largur,  3|  in  longtli ;  dujitli  S;  iiody  much  apotted. 

sriLOTtTS,  2333. 


*  Not  dMorlbcd  In  Coftut  minutat. 


1944         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


Utk.  pRopercV)  withoat  nphie,  ita  «dge  <iOT«nd  by  mraotli  sUn,  a  trace  ckf  X^\ 

upper  npliiK  run'ly  prewnt;  skin  amootli. 
<.  UnnutlH  KC-parate.  LXIoraifrs,  33BL 

tt.  Dorsals  c'ouni''Cti'<l,  long  and  liiir,  a  iliallow  notch  l>etir«eB  •piooiu  mmI 
au  ft  parts.  PKiacs^j 

Bubeenua  PEGEDICTtS.  KaaiiHtiuo. 
S314.  COTTl'M  A8PES,  Rivhanlson. 

(PlIK-KLY   BCMJIEAD.) 

neiidSi  to3i;  <loplh  Ij.  D.  IX  or  X,  19  to  21;  A.  17  or  18,  mrHy  15 
eye  5  in  heuil ;  titaxillury  'iit\  pectoral  1^;  ventral  2;  caiiilal  If.  Rodj 
(IeM{ie»t  at  .sboiildera;  I'liudal  pt'diiiiole  nitideratcly  ftleiuler,  it-s  depth  a 
liMlo  lc»«  than  length  ol'  tjiiout.  H€>ud  wcdgo-shiipiMl  aa  vicwnd  from 
allow;  luunth  quite  ;it  lower  jirciliki  uf  heiul;  maxillary  to  below  po8teri<ir 
luitrgtii  of  ])upil ;  pahvtiiie  t<M<th  in  a  vt^ry  narrnw  baml  on  front  nf  palatines 
only;  pruapLTi-ulnr  M|iiiie  long  aud  sharp;  interorliital  rtithor  wide,  aboat 
et^uftl  to  vertical  diameter  of  eye;  pectoral  barely  rpn<'liin(j  front  nf  until: 
ventrala  not  renoliinn  vent;  dorsals  slightly  connected  at  baso,  I'rioklca 
coarse  and  HtilV,  tint  oloscly  crtnvdwl;  lateral  line  complete;  vent  in  the 
middle  uf  tbt>  hndy  iu  tin-  Iiirgo  iiinjority  of  epooimens,  sonietinies  slightly 
ni'iirly  tiiil.  Culnr  MTuytsb  olive,  omcli  .spotted  and  mottled  witb  bl.ickiah; 
all  (ins, except  iinitl  and  ventrals,  with  dark  wavy  croas  lines.  The  cuaracr 
prickles,  more  auteriur  potdtiou  of  veut,  and  llutter  iuterorbital  apaii' 
acpurute  Coitm  a»per,  at  least  subspecitu-ally,  from  the  Sai-runivnto  River 
form,  Coitus  ytiltisui.  .Strcitms  of  the  Ciiaoado  I\'aiige  from  Vaiicon  vcr  Island 
to  Oregon,  abundant  in  cnid  streams;  extremely  variable,  almost  oror}- 
variation  in  the  ruughneHH  of  the  Hkiu  hcin^  found.  Len;rtb  it  foot;  the 
largest  species  of  Coitus.  Hero  dosuribed  from  a  8])ecicnfn  from  Walla 
Walla. 

Dr.  Oilbort  notes: 

rive  !*pi'«'tmtMi»  tiiken  in  a  ani.ill  strcim  emptying  into  Oepartar**  B«y, 
Vanconver  Inland.  The  Ivc.id  ia  nnkt-d  in  nil  of  those,  iind  the  prickleo 
absent  <nj  belly,  uhnig  liaai'is  of  Hpiuoiig  doraul  ami  anal  tin,  and  1)0  otuilsl 
peduncle.     IK  VIII  or  IX,  21  or  22;  A.  16  to  18. 

Still  other  sjiecimeiis  from  A'linconver  Tsl.ind  and  ultont  Port  TowuBend 
biive  a  band  of  Rniall  prickles  extendiug  along  lutvPiil  line  to  middle  of 
second  dorsal,     {atpcr,  ro<tgh.} 

Coltvs  (upfr.  lilCHAliDHOH.  Fjtunii  lUir-Aiuer.,  Fish.,  2S5,  18:16,  Columbia  River  at  Fort 

Vancouver.     (<ju11.  I>r.  <inirdDor.) 
TrafhidfrinU  rithardioni,  Ueckel.  Ann.  Wiener  Mm.  IMO,  102,  Columbia  River;  aflM 

RiriiABnwiN. 
Centridtrmiehlfijf  atprr,  RtciL4Jil>eo.\.  Voyage  Sulphur,  Icbtk.,  74,  184r>:  t;rvritui,Oat., 

II,  170. 
CotUiinU  ntptr.  OlBARO.  C.  S.  Pae.  R.  R.  Siirr.,  X,  Fi>h.,  51, 18&8. 
VraHidtaattitra.iOKik.ti  tc  GiLBEBT,  Sycopsia, CM,  1883. 

ajIS.  COTTIS  f)lI,OKllS  iGlranl). 

IIeu<l3:  deiithll;  I>.  VIII  or  IX,  IHto  21 ;  A.  l6tol8;  eye  5  to  6  in  bead ; 
uiaxillury  2^;  pectural  1^;  uaudal  1}.     llmly  not  much  compr«esed,  tbe 


Cuililjil  jiuiliinclu  iiliuut  n»  wide  us  leiiirtlL  iil  Htiduf,  head  bl~tiiu11y  riii)nd>:«I 
at  sunlit  us  viewed  from  alcove;  luoiith  lar};«<,  the  niaxillary  roactiiiig  to 
the  p««t<'ricir  luarRin  uf  |iiipi];  baiid!i  af  pulatino  toetU  variable  in  »i[ieci- 
uieus  from  dilTereatlofalities,  varying  frcmi  a  UKKltMate  band  to  a  wide  niio; 
iiiterorbital  tiitiial  to  wiiitli  of  oye;  iirHciiiuroiilar  nyine  rather  Hbari»  and 
lotiK-  I'ertorals  reui'liiti^  to  front  of  anal ;  venirala  nut  reaching  t«  veut; 
doraals  Hlij;htly  cuniiected  at  basi>.  Skin  ]>ri(;kly  or  more  or  lene  KUiooth, 
the  prickl«»8,  when  dHvelopi'd,  »iu;ill,  croAvded,  and  duxible.  Veut  nearer 
base  of  caudal  tLau  lip  of  siiont.  Color  Krayi»b  olive,  mottled  wilb 
darker;  veiitrula  light,  anal  light  or  Hlightly  dusky;  other  fvns  cr<>(«»ed 
with  wavy  lines  of  iiijht  and  dark,  Stri!iim«  of  the  Const  Range  in 
I'alifomia  aouth  to  Point  Conccjiriun,  very  common;  the  back  and  sides 
usually  cloBtdy  prickly  (jja?*rM»),  biittliuskiu  often  whoUyor  partly  neuooth 
(jwfoutt*),  the flmooth  specimens  usually  with  uxiHary  prickli-u:  tiie  prickly 
form  niorr  coninion  coastwiHe,  the  other  perha])f«  more  jil>iiudiint  iii  streams 
of  tho  iiitt'ricir,  the  two  uot  distinf^iiiwhttblo  liy  any  juTniiinent  chartt<'t«r. 
Hlto  described  from  specimens  from  l*an  rrani'iM(]tiito  Crcok,  .Santa  Clurn 
County,  Cidifomia,  3to7  inches  in  length,    {fiutoiut,  big  inoittbed.) 

CoUnfiirU  gutom;  (jrRABO,  Proc.  Ac.  Kal.  Sd.  Philn.  1«I54. 128,  San  Mateo  Creek '  iCvU.  It. 

U.  CiUlH.    Type,  No.29».  U.S.  Nat.  Mil".);  San  Joaquin  Rivci    (C"ll.  Pr.  Heemiann, 

Xo.2DI,«i)«uiinenB  prickly  In  iiidlit  oDly);  G irakd.  T'. S.  Pai-.  R.  K.  Surv.,  x,  Fi«li.,SI, 
I8&8. 
CattoptU  parvuM.  GiRAKO,  Proc.  Ac.  Xat.  itcl.  Phila.  1854,  Si,  Monterey,  Preaidio,  Fort 

Reading,  Petaluma;  prlokly  R|>ociiueus. 
Cottwi  tftniteabra  cenlroplrura.  Eionmixxit  &.  ElOBXVAJm,  Wcat  Aner.'  Sciontlit,  Vol. 

ri.  No.  49,  Xoremlwr.  1889.  149,  Allen  Spring*,  Lake  Co.,  Cal.  (CulL  D.  Cleveland); 

Hpvciinona  wttli  »iili'R  prickly. 
Oentridtnniehlhj/f  i/iiionii,  GChtiieb,  Cat..  II,  170. 
Uranidta  gvlota,  Joud/lK  ii-  GlLfiUUT,  Syuopsiv,  (I9S,  1883. 

SSlfl.  COTTDN  eTEBllA\XI.  Gilbert. 

Heiwl  3J  in  length;  dt'pth  5;  depth  of  otiidal  ppilnndo  2f  in  gre»t<<«t 
di-ptb.  D.  VI[.2I;  A.  l«;  P.  16;  V,  I.  I.  H.'iid.-.innll,  dcprinsid,  nurrowiiig 
rapiilly  forward.  th»-  Huotit  more  acutely  rDitndcd  tliim  in  (■.  pumtutatue. 
Muntb  with  distiiii-t  lateral  tlcft,  tlu»  maxillary  ii"iibiii>j  a  vitMcuI 
immediately  iii  advancn  of  pupil,  2lt  in  head,  M:iiidibli>  aligbliy  pru- 
trudirig.  Tfi^th  in  niiriow  bands  on  jaws,  vomer,  anil  palatini'H,  the 
latter  very  weak,  aiipan-ntly  coiici-alfd  in  part  lii'Meath  llic  skiii.  Total 
iuN'rorliital  width  ,ibiiiit  j}  diaiuctt-r  uf  eye,  »dinIlowly  concave;  oieipitat 
iirea  flat  or  gently  convex.  Eye  small,  IJ  in  snont,  5  in  head.  Pores  on 
iiead  iuui»ually  large,  the  most  conspicuous  occurring  on  suborliital  ring, 
along  mandible  and  prcopcrcle,  and  in  a  horiscontiil  line  above  opercle; 
3  pores  form  a  straight  transverse  lini*  behind  thi>  orbit;  a  short  noMal 
tube;  upper  preopercnlar  .npino  represptitcd  by  a  short  triangular  process, 
thcinargiu  of  the  hime  bi-low  it  l>eing  ttmoothly  rounded.  Spinous  dor.nal 
short  and  comparatively  very  high,  the  longest  spine  slightly  more  than 


'  Tbu  vuaaf:  lieliviibuil  rrout  t'pper  Pitt  Rivor  (Cull.  Dr.  J.  S.  Newberry),  mentioned  by 
Ur.  Girnnl,  iirolialily  bi'tuuj;a  lo  Collui  iheuta. 

•MiO 15 


1946 


Bulletin  4j,  United  Stales  National  Museum. 


I  tlio  longKMt  sod  i-iiy;  Isi-tt  Mpinc  higher  than  the  first   nnil  ulMiut  \  tbr 
lutlgcst,  thp  lejwtt  h><i(jlit  of  the  mfttilnniic  joining  IjM»t  spitit<   t(i   lirst   M»lt 
my  ••xovMling  Iftiglh  of  Hiiout;  Inngiwit  ray  uf  Bot'r  ilornnl  H]jghtly  nmir 
tbim  k  hi'iul;  nil  tin-  rnys  of  dorsiil  iin<l  nniil   fln»  Miiiiplo,   iinliranrliril: 
nimlal  long  and  iwinow,  nearly  trumiiti!  whi-u  «|iivad,  ?   lougth  of  \i>m\, 
9  i-:iiiilii1  rays  iir<-  bniiKlieil  at  tip  for  «ltotit  i^  liuigth  of  rays.     Tho  p««t<ir»l 
ri'in-ln'M  tht'  vt-rticiil  from  fourth  ray  of  »oft  <lors:il,  Hik  iipp<*r  ray  Hiniplr, 
tho  ni'Xl  «  or  7  forkrd.  tin-  roiuaining  rays  ln'ing  ttii<-kcTic-<l  with   itn'itiol 
tncmliriHii-.H;  vrnlriiis  witli  1  «iiinf  Jind  4  n»yi<,  not  U'JK-hiiig  vent,  1 J  in  howl. 
L»il«'nil   lini-  roiifti»iiiiiiiiH  ftiit-r-riorly,   running  high,    int*rmpted    undrr 
eleventh  or  |-«relftli  rity  of  Hoft  dorsnl,  a  mere  truce  viniMe  thcnc*  to  hte 
fit'  iiiudnl.     Hides  of  liody  thickly  eovored  with  coarse  prieklwi,  the  hpjwl. 
the  hreiist,  helly,  nud  a  uurrow  utrip  along  haw  of  anal  fin  uukcd.     Color 
light  brownish,  faintly  vennirulnt<'d  with  diirkt>r, -with  trare«of  ft  irtvgii- 
lar  i-rosH    hurs  from  baek,  and  a  narrow  diHtinct  bar  at  \\ajw  of  c»iidsl: 
per-foralt*.  dorsal,  and  eaudal   i'roHi«-1>Brred.     Chararteriwd    by    the  lonj; 
slendi-r  bo<ly  entirely   eovi>red  with   coarso  prii-klett,   the  short  Bpiuou!* 
dorBal  vi-ry  broadly  united  to  the  very  long  soft  dorttal,  the  long  ann]  fin. 
the  inroinplele  lateral  line,  the  very  large  poreo  on  head,  tin-   Imuirhrd 
pecloral  rayH,  and  the  alisenee  of  any  distinctly  projecting  prroporenUr 
opine.     One  epeeirnen,  '2\  inches  long,  from  Liwt  River,  near   KJanuktl 
FmIIs,  Oregon.     (Nmned  for  Barton  Warren  Kvermauu.) 

Oottta  ftermauni.  Cilbert,  UuU.  U.  S.  Fish  Comm.   IM9T,  11,  with  figora,  L^oat   River 
Lostine,  Oregon.    (Type,  No.  iSiX.    Coll.  Gillwrt.  Cnuner,  and  OtaU.) 


:si;.  fOTTrS  RHOTBGCS,  BtMa  Smitli. 

Head  as;  depth  44.  D.  VII  or  VIII-16  or  17;  A.  11  or  12;  latoml  line 
32  to  31;  eye  Tii  in  head;  niaxill.iry  2^ ;  pectoral  IJ;  <^andal  It,.  IVmI) 
rather  dt-ep  at  ebuulders,  tapering  into  u  slender  candal  pvdnnele;  li«34l 
puintecl.  sonu'whut  wcdge-»«h.'<ped;  month  large,  horizontal,  at  lower  pr»- 
lile  itt  head:  maxillaiy  rcucliiug  to  p<i(tterior  margin  otpnjtil;  pulatttie 
bund  of  teeth  very  hriiud  and  long;  interurbital  concave,  about  00  wide 
ua  eye,  preopercle  ttplne  ahur|^  with  2  sninller  onus  below  it.  PrctonUi 
raaobing  to  front  of  unnl;  ventrnlH  not  rcAobing  vent;  dorsals  seorccl; 
connected  ;  laterMl  Hue  etiutplcte.  Skin  of  head  smootli,  that  of  back  and 
HiduK  uBiially  rough,  with  short  eoarKe  prickles,  sbni-ter  and  stiffer  than  In 
Cotluf  anper.  t'ulor  dark  grav.  i'pott<Ml  and  niottle^l  with  hlackisb;  all 
fins,  excejit  ventrals,  mottled  with  blaiki>h:  billy  white  in  the  aniaUer 
spucimeuB,  duaky,  with  »iuall  bhick  ]iuiiit».  in  the  larger  oueA,  Colunihia 
Uiver  Hoflin,  generally  common;  a  well  nmrkLd  speciM.  Here  describtid 
from  flpeciineuB  from  llaugiuan  Creek,  Tekoa,  Washington,  from  3  tn  4 
iuchcM  in  length. 

Concerning  this  species  Oilbirt  &  Evennann  remark:  "This  strtingly 
marked  siiecieiJ  is  abtiiidant  in  the  .Spokane  region,  and  wua  tuk^n  at  th« 
fidlowinK stations:  Little  .Spokane  Kiver  at  Dart'n  Mill  near  Spokane,  and 
at  Chattaroy,  Waahiuglon;  Cidnmbia  Kiver  at  Colville,  WaahingtoD; 
Cu>nr  d'Aleue  Lake  near  Ca-ur  d'Alcne,   Idaho;  Clearwat«r  River  D«H 


\ 


Jordan  and  Evennann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1947 


Lewiston,  Iiltilu);  Wallii  Wiilla  Kiver  »t  Walliilii,  Ori'fron;  Hanj^tuan 
("rcok  at  'I'ekiia.  \VaHliiii)it«ii ;  XivtoheHH  Kiver  jit  Nuiili  VHkiiuji,  \\'a«Iiiii(i- 
toii;  Newsiiikuiii  liivur  iic:ir  CliohuUs,  WauLingtou;  Suoetmdiulu  River  iit 
Siioi|iiiiliMt()  I'.iIIm,  \V;i.HliiiiH;t<i|i." 

'I'hs*  Hiilitiif  It'dtiircHof  tliiH  .sj»e»'ie«  lire:  (1)  the  pointi'd.  vvedfjc-Hb:i]Mj<l 
proiile  iif  lienil,  aj«  \  iewt'tl  rroin  uhove.  tlii«  couti'astiiig  strnnjjly  witli  tlio 
usually  brouilly  rouiidcil  I'liiitoiir  of  utlior  Hpociea;  (2}  tlwyriiK^  luiri/ont.-il 
luuutli,  i|ait<-  lit  lotvt^i'  )iri>(jle  uf  beiwl;  (3)  thu  tuiticealily  runcMve  intcr- 
orbitiil  Jiiiil  occipital  re^iiiiKi;  (1)  tbi<  very  briMiil  ami  long  ]iiiliitiii«  bund 
of  teeth;  {."ij  tlio  rathur  slender  body  and  tbn  exlioinely  »lend«r  caitdnl 
I)eduDcle,  the  liitt-er  vxpuiidiDf;  fMti-Iike  at  Uivsit  of  (-jtiidul  liu;  (li)  the 
diirsala  asiially  R«?parttte;  whi'ii  iinit^'d,  i(t  i-xtreui<>  luwo  only;  (7)  lateral 
ltu«.<  cuxiiiiletc;  (>l)  sides  usually  well  iovested  with  prickles,  which  are 
triiiiit;iiliir  imd  coiitKC,  and  less  flosely  jilacfd  than  in  n»;)ir.  They  are 
uriiiDnwl  more'  jir  Icsh  definitely  in  uldji|iin  series.  There  ia  consideruble 
vurlatiou  in  tlic  I'oiiiplflciieds  i>f  the  iii^  CHtuicnt,  and  in  one  Bpociuicu  froin 
C'lielialis  an  avilhiry  jintcli  only  is  present. 

The  speciuii-as  from  Cbattnroy  and  from  Sumiimluiii-  Fiilld  are  referred 
to  this  j»])reii;8  witli  4unbt  as  to  their  iik-iitity.  The  fullownig  table  will 
^ivo  an  idea  of  tho  amaunt  of  variation  in  uiiuiber  of  tin  rays  found  in 
this  specius : 


Lotiility. 

Spinous  D. 

SoftD. 

Anal. 

Pectoral. 

Lit  tern) 
UiiP. 

32toM 
8210  33 

vu.jviu. 

10 

17 

U 

IS  1  13 

IS 

16 

LitUo  SpokADe  Rivar 

* 

8 
2 

a 

1 
*'    1 

3 

10 

s 

AVnlln  ^Vallll  Klver 

Colvillc  River 

I 

% 

I 

6 
« 

t 

s 

1      «  >  ■*• 

1 

TekiMi 

1 
1 

ft 

1 

L«wlBton 

•""""^ - 



(/uciOo;,  poOtd{,  rushing  of  the  torrent.) 

CoUiijr  rA»r/iriix.  KiMA  SMITH  (Mnt.  EiniorMAirN),  rnio.  T.  8.  Nkt  Has.  1883.  M7,  Spokane 

Fallt,  Washington.    (Type,  N0.3U787.) 
Vraniita  rA«(A«a,  JuBDASI  k  Gilbebt,  Synopsiit,  V53,  1883. 


881S.  COTTUK  81U8TA,  Jvrdan  &  Starbi. 

HpimI  :<  til  a,l ;  depth  4i.  D.  Vm  or  IX,  17  or  18;  A.  13  to  15;  eye  nearly 
5  in  lii-iul :  maxillary  2V;  third  or  fourth  durniil  npine  3Vj  highest  soft  ray 
about  2;  pi-ctoral  1,^7;  caudal  1}.  liudy  not  luiudi  CKaipressed;  caudal 
pcdnncle  ratluT  wide,  about  «'ijiia!  tuauuut;  luuiith  riitli(Tlar).jc,  thi^  max- 
illary reaekiiii.;  to  posterior  luargiu  of  |iiipil;  teeth  in  a  uiuderati'  baud  on 
jaws  and  vomer,  in  nn  exceedingly  narrow  band  on  front  of  ]ialatinr8; 
iotororbit&l  8pa<.<«  not  much  over  ^  eye ;  upper  pruopurouliir  spino  bhort. 


1948         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


not  iniu'h  liookol  up  itnd  not  vit,v  Hli:irp,  iv  hUaIIow  coni'nvr  Hpnce  bi'tVfvrii 
it  mikI  tlir'  at-conil,  etcurn-ly  a  notch ;  the  second  Btnnll  bikI  iibarp,  thr  tbinl 
lint  Mlijflitly  ilevflopi'i] ;  jM-rtoral  ri'acbiuj;  to  ln'Iow  tlir  fourth  ray  of  soft 
iloi'»iLl;  vi-utr;il  not  n-achiiiK  tlii'  vttut;  doi'»al8  Bciircoly  conm-ctetl.  tJn' 
soft  dorsal  hiuh,  Ibr  bi>^lii-8t  rays  I'litial  to  (\v<'  and  Huoat;  vout  uliglitlv 
nciiriT  tiiil  than  tiiMif  MKtiit.  >'^kin8ni»oth,  rxocpta  frw  acnttt-n-d  prirkli^ 
iinib-r  |H'Ct«ri*lB.  (.'olor  vi-ry  dnrk  lnown  or  blai-kish ;  sides  uiottl>'d;  W[\ 
of  b<<ad  uniform  blackish  ;  nil  the  fins  uion-  ur  b'^a  niottb-d,  V4-ntra]H  whit<< 

or  dnsky.     The  followtnjx  jh  tin-  fin  furmiila  of  4  speci ns:  Dorsal,  IX.  17; 

VIII,  18;  IX,  17;  IX,  18.  iUiul,  14;  15:  1.5;  13.  Upjier  S»cram<-iito  Ituin 
abont  Monnt  .'<hastti.  Here  degiTibed  from  4  Kp4M'iaii'D8  from  MrCloud 
River,  at  IJaird,  SlniBtu  Conjity,  Californiii,  about  1  iuchi-ft  in  lonj^th.  The 
HpiMUes  ia  Very  closi;  to  Cofli4»  ifimitctibtr,  but  it  has  a  longer  tinal,  wbirb  iu 
tliru  is  shorter  thnn  in  Coltug  ijulotut.     (Named  for  Mount  Sh.'ieta, ) 

CMtut  Winjtdi.  .rouoiL.V'  A  Stakka.  I'rw.  C'nl.  Ai.  Si-i.  18Sfi. '.".M,  McCloud  River,  at  B«ird, 
California.    (Cull.  K.  C.  dtjtrlui.    Tvpr.  Xn.  4190.  L.  S.  Jr.  Dttlv.  Ma*.) 


U19.  COTTtS  Pl-XCTfLATUS  (GiU). 

H<>iwl  .S;  di>ptli  4}.  1).  VII  or  VIII.  17  or  18;  A.  11  or  12;  eyp  6  in  he.-wl: 
niiixilliiry  Iji ;  third  dnnml  npltre  .3;  Ltuhest  ray  of  «oft  dorsal  2J;  high(«t 
anal  ray  21;  pectoml  \\;  ventral  H;  oiiHbil  1|.  Body  tdporing  into  a 
slender  euiidul  pe.tUiiicIo  wliich  i«  nt>t  luneb  wider  than  oyf :  t<«i»th  in  wi«t» 
biHidA  on  jawH,  voiuei"M,  nnd  prilaHiies;  interorbitnl  Hpate  rather  wide, 
abont  oqiiiil  to  eye;  maxillary  rc-ubing  to  posterior  mnrgiu  of  «>yo;  prr- 
opercular  wpinc  rulUer  sliai-p;  vent  hli^btly  nearer  tjii I  thau  tip  of  Hnunt. 
PectoRil  r(*acliinj;  to  below  bam>  of  fourth  ray  of  «oft  dorsiil ;  ventralsnol 
nsieliiii^  vent;  dorsaLi  Kcareely  connected,  the  wift  dorH;tl  extending  fur- 
ther back  than  anal;  skiti  in  themi  speeiinenN  entirely  smooth.  Color  oli- 
vai'i'iia.H,  evervivbc-re  pinutnbit-e  with  black  Hpofs,  more  conBpicnooK  atx 
top  of  lu'tifl ;  tip  of  xnnnt  and  b)W<'r  jaw  dark,  dni«ky  with  d;irk  j>oint« 
under  lower  jaw;  dorHitls,  pet'totuli*,  and  ciiiidal  with  Wavy  Hlrcak-<  and 
Heiies  of  »pe>ts;  anal  and  vr-iitralK  white,  anal  soinetiineK  dtiHky;  4  or  5 
dark  bjnlelies  nn  back  inilicatiii;,'  eroHM  I>ars;  a  dark  barat  ba8e  of  caudal. 
Lenglli  4  or  5  inches.  Headwiit<'r«  of  Green  Uiver,  Wjmuing.  Ilt'.re 
cb'Hi-rllii'cl  friiui  iiiiiiiv  .ti)ee)ini'iiH  from  tJreeu  Uiver,  Wyoiuinj;,  coIIik-I^hI  by 
Kverniaiin  &  Ratter.  Tliis  wpecies  will  prove  to  be  a  local  of  deiH'rt  vj»ri- 
ati«ii  "f  the  widely  diKtributed  Cotdiii  K'm incohtr,  from  which  it  diflrpt 
only  ill  tlio  slciidiT  caudal  peduni'b"  and  the  Hperkled  eidorrttion.  Th" 
name  pitnriiilatun  liirs  priority  over  lemitrabrr,  if  the  formal  are  t<ibo  niiitt^l, 
but  ill  Ibis  cise  it  would  hardly  be  worth  while  to  separat-e  either  fruui 
Cottus  ii-tatojm. 
Gilbi^rk  &.  Evermauti  refer  to  the  R])ecinienB  here  dosoribed  ao — 
NninerouH  specimeiia  from  Green  River,  Wyoming.  Comparing  the<«e 
with  typical  mmisritbrr  from  the  vicinity  of  Pocatello,  Idaho,  we  cjui  appre- 
ciate no  dilt'erenco  whatever,  except  iu  the  matt«r  of  nrmatnro.  None  of 
our  i  freeij  River  apeciuien-*  shows  any  prickles  whatever.  About  half  tho 
I'ucU'tello  Bpecimens  are  also  naked  and  are  iudiBtiDguisbaUle  from  ty)iic;U 


punetulatHM;  in  th<'  others  morcorleM  prickloB  ;ire  devoloped,  varying  from 
n  few  in  ;ixil  of  pei-tnrnla  to  a  biuid  co^'iriiijj  nicire  tlian  ^  of  the  sides. 
As  thii)  in  nut  an  nnii.Hiial  »tuonat  of  variutioii,  vivi  do  not  consider  Cottut 
trminabey  worthy  of  rt'COKiiition.  Tho  relixtintlN  of  I  'olliit  punetultttuf  with 
tho  eiiHtoni  epecioa  huvo  not  liecn  carefully  worked  oat,  and  it  si'uiiih  beat 
to  recoj^nize  it  for  the  (ireaent  as  distint-t.  Sprciraena  froui  fJrten  River, 
Wyoming,  and  from  Mink  Creek,  Kosa  Fork,  and  Tort  \tMif  Ifivcr,  Pooa- 
tello,  Idaho.  TliR  lolluction  containH  also  2  f4peciiiienH  from  TliomjMion 
Fulls  :iud  H  from  riuthend  Lake,  whii'li  tteoni  to  Uo  thin  »[n>cies.  Ity  tho 
Fort  Halt  Indian^)  tliiA  fish  in  called  alure,  n  word  meaning  homa. 

{pHnctulalui,  Hpt'c'kl«Ml.) 

PotamocnttuM  punehilatiu,  Gtu,,  Proc.  Bos.  Soc  Nat.  Uist.  1S61,  40,  Bridgers  Pom,  Wyo- 
ming (Coll.  Cape.  SinipHoii) ;  (ilLU  lohth.  Capt.  Simpaon  Es.i>I-  ^02, 187G.  with  plitla. 
CUitlui  jiunftuUitut.  (jiLnKUT  \.  EvKRMANN,  Itiill.  I'.  S.  FirtI)  Cumiu.  ItiM,  202. 
Cranidta  paiieCulata,  Juhdam  &.  Giuibht,  Syuopsiv,  697, 19S3. 


r 


aSSO.  0OTTt'«l  SKXISCABFR  (Cope). 
(ROCXT  MnrKTAra  BrLUlEAI).) 

Hea.\  3;  depth  H;  D.  VIII-17  or  18;  A.  12  or  13;  eye  5  in  head;  niaxil- 
Inry  *Ji ;  third  dorsiil  spine  1  in  haiwl;  hijjhest  dorsal  rnys  'Ji;  jiectoral  1^-; 
ventral  nearly  2;  caudal  !<!.  tiody  nut  niiirli  (-unijireased,  caudiil  pt<duncle 
wide,  6(|ual  to  len^'th  of  snout;  hcinl  liroail  and  rounded  anteriorly  aa 
viewed  from  aliovo;  inoiitli  l:tr;;e,  tliL<  umxillury  reai-litii);  alivot  to  pOHte- 
rior  umrjjiu  of  eye;  band  of  teeth  Kroail  on  Jaws,  voaier,  anil  th«i  palatiue*; 
intcriirhital  Kparu  (lione  only)  narrow,  not  over  ^  eyt*;  preopeiculur  Bpiiies 
rather  atniit  anil  hlnnt.  Pectoruk  ruachiu^  to  front  of  aual;  dorsals  not 
connected,  sear<"ely  nioetin};  in  rcuuh  Bpocimena;  ventraln  not  reaching  to 
vent;  last  raya  of  sol't  durnal  reacliiuj;  atmo.st  to  base  of  cauilnl,  hi(;he8t 
ilorxal  rays  o<)iial  snout  and  I  eye;  v«nt  niiU'U  nearer  tail  than  tip  of 
aaoiit.  Color  alaty  K^ay  in  ttpirits,  with  uiottlinjrs  on  sides  which  form 
incon.'ipifuous  eroHH  bars;  jteitorala,  dorsaln,  and  •'utidal,  witli  wavy  cross 
lines;  ventiatw  ami  atial  white  or  souietinte.s  dusky  and  ninttli'd;  adark 
•pot  on  Bpiuourt  dorNal  poHteriorly,  tin  edj^od  with  white.  Kofky  Mouutain 
region,  iu  clear  streams  on  both  alopes.  Abundant  in  Colorado,  nurtliuru 
New  Mesito,  Wyifuiinjr,  Montana,  Idalio,  I'tah.  easloni  \Vaahiii;j;toji,  and 
Oregon.  Fioiud  in  tliu  iippei  bitsina  of  tlio  Fraser,  Coltinibia,  .MiH.soMri, 
Colorado,  I'lattii,  Arkatinaa,  and  Lake  UonuerillB,  its  eastern  and  northern 
limits  not  well  aNoeitaiMid.  It  is  subject  to  very  ;rTeat  variations  in  color, 
size,  and  i-ou^^hness  of  skin.  Moat  »]M'eiuion»  are  suionth,  or  roiij:(i  only  iu 
the  axi!.  Somo,  especially  from  southern  Idaho  and  I'rovo  River,  Utah, 
are  quite  rough,  Honie  of  them  ai>  rough  as  Colin*  luptr  or  Cultut  rholheu*. 
These  rough  Bpeciniens  ditler  in  no  other  respect  from  aniooth  ones  from 
the  same  localities.  The  specimens  here  especially  described  are  f^om 
Eagle  River  at  OypsHni,  t'olorudo,  the  largest  i\  inches  in  length. 

Roii;;h  »peei)iHvii»  IVoiii  I'rovo  are  thus  de.siTibeil  by  .Jordan  tV  Gilbert 
(Synopsis.  H9o):  Head  8*;  depth  4*.  h.  VII,  IH;  A.  U;  V.  1,1;  eye  ^  iu 
head.     Form  of  Cottitg  atpa;  Uut  slender.     Skiu  of  tup  of  head  and  entire 


J 


body,  except  lower  part,  of  <"audal  peduncle,  thickly  «!nvor«Ni  with  slcmle 
Ii»|iillii<;  those  of  »iiterior  and  upixT  parts  of  body  each  tipped  with 
ttpine,  inauy  «>f  tbono  on  hcofl  with  ni«dinn  poret*;  top  of  heatl  with  a  nie- 
diun  leiigthwiso  ileprecisiun.      Ili<iid  narrowe<l  anteriorly,   the   mavillarj 
extending  to  Itcynnd  pii})il ;  opercnlar  und  (iroopercular  epinei^  na  in  CoUa» 
mpir;  lateral  lino  not  complete ;  Hgiinonn  dorsal  low;  soft  donsal  aod  Miid 
hi>:h;  caudMlloniK;  poctoralw  aViont  reaching  anal;  veutrals  r.-itber  broad, 
roiic'hing  nhout  halfway  tn  anal.    Oliv.aceoiiH,  barred  and  spotTed   a»  in 
other  Api-ciea;  finit  mottled;  npinona  dorsal  jiale  at  ba«e  and  tip,  witiia- 
uiedinD  brond  black  band;  2  dark  blotchfM  at  base  of  oandal.     L«u£tb 
4  inidii>8.    The  spociineua  hero  desiribed  from  Provo  River  at  Provo.  tvhen> 
it  io  oMociatpd  with   the  niuooth   form  i-ulled  trhrclrri.  which  diffcirs  onlv 
in  it«  BMiooth  8kin.     In  spevciinens  from   the  Yellowstone  Park  tlip  liand 
of  jKiLitiue   tet'th   is   very   broad;  there   are    no    pricklen    on   the    itkiii. 
Tin-  ht^ad  is  3)  in  k'lifjth  .ihd  the  rayH  are  D.  VII,  17:  A.  IS;  V.  I,  4.     Coui- 
piirinu  theac  (GiliboH  Kivi-r,  Wyoming)  with  specimens  of  Cottus  iclalop*, 
from  Mauinioth  Spring,  AikanHii;*,  the  differences  seem  well  marked.    Cot- 
tun  Ktminvahtr  ban  the  bead  blnnter.  lower,  and  more  rounded,  the  cheek* 
inoretiimid  and  tlietop  of  tUebeiid  withoutmedian  longitndiual  depre^sioti. 
Cotiim  ictfilopt  hi»«  tho  axil  jirickly.  the  outline  of  the  head  au;,'^iiJar,  the 
top  of  the  ln"ud  with  a  median  lougitudiiiul  depreasioii  from  Huont  to  napr, 
and   tho  body  has  broiid  diHtiiict  black  cross  burs.     These  'J  furmn  xeen 
like  distlnitspecieii,  )Mit  otlierspcriiiietis  are  intermediate;  specimens  from 
Torch  Lake,  Micliigan,  a;4rce  with  ifrmiicahfr  in  color,  and  aro  ioterinediatr 
in  form ;  specimens  from  White  IJtver,  Indiana,  are  coloredlike  ictalopg,  but 
are  Ititeruiedint'e  in  form.     Apparently  ninitcfihir  ahonld  l>e  reoognized  m 
n  apecies,  but  itn  rati||;e  and  distiaotive  i;Laract«n»  are  yet  to  bo  made  out 
in  detail.     (»cHit«o«fc(r,  holf  rough.) 

CkiUopiri4  temiteaber,'  CoPK,  Uaydoii  Snr>i\v  of  Montana.  476, 1871  ( IB72),  Fort  Hall,  tdaho; 

.roiiDAN  ii.  (iilJtEUT,  Proc.  V.  S.  2fat.  Mas,  1880,  iHt:  JonUAX,  BolL  U.  S.  fiah  Cuum 

1888, 5U. 
VrajiitUa  trmittabm,  JOSDAH  &,  GtUIEBT.  Sjnopalii.  095, 1883. 
UranuUa  vtiefUri,  Coi-ii,  Proc.  Anier. Phil.  Sai%  Phila.  1874, 138,  Bear  River,  Utah.    (Cell 

Llour  r,.  M.  Whm-Ier.J 
Uranidea  vhrclrri.Cofr.  'V  YaBROW.  ZooI.WliM'lor'n  Kipl.W.  lOOtli  nK'r.,T,QM.  pl.S2, 0(» 

3,  3a,  :H).  1870;  JoBliAN  Jt  GrLumT.  S.vtioiwin, 007.  ^ 

Oottwi  bairdi  punctulattu,  JuBOijr,  BuU.  U,  8,  Flnli  Conim.  1889, 19, 38,53 .-  wllli  iiUio 

2821.  COTTF.S  ICTAIiOPN  (Rafineaqne). 

(Mtller'8  Thktsiii:  BuiRj  Mrm.K-jAW;  iJxnAjncAii;  SrsixonaB.) 

lli-ad  3)r;  d.-pth   l  to  «.     D.  VI  to  VIII,  16  or  17;  A.  abont  12;  V.  I,  L 
Uody  slender  or  stout,  taperiu;^  ri'juilafly  backward  to  the  util;  rert«'X 


*  OoUoBfi*  tnnittabtT  In  Ihoa  <1cMrllie«l  by  ProfesBor  Cope: 

"  Kwlil.  U.VII.18.  A.lH:  V.J, 4;  ilnit  niy  of  aniil  bt^low  thirrl  nf  soeoni!  dona].  Sliio 
prirkly  al»<>vH  Ihi-  Inteml  lino,  miiootb  Iwlow  it  iMwti'riorly.  Hiniy  c<iinpmi«Ml,  pmSl» 
rialiiK  nidicr  Blecply  l<i  llir  iMutin  of  flrsl  ilursiil  (In.      Kyo  4.5  linii><i  In  hiiMl     T'  Ilm,    In 

liitt-mrlittiil  spate.     llu/«1i' contracted,  niiiTillnry  Imitip  muohing  In  1m-1<iW  i (ul 

Twniijjtnwxuu  prt'oportuliini:  1  im  lMf"rii>riui){li"iro|M.<n'uliiin.     Ijiit«rikl  lin  ,.4 

on  taat  fuiirth  of  •nuilnl  pmliimlM.    I1<'b<I  J  Ipiictb, 'rltlioul  cwiitlu]  tin,     i  .«; 

ilnrmiJ  liiii>  uiih  a  «fdiw  of  iliirk  spola;  aidaa  wUli  largo  dark  clooda.  Xluxc  nxirrliiinM 
fruui  f  urt  UjiU,  Idaho."    (Cope.) 


■ 


Jordan  and  Evcmiann. — FUhcs  of  North  America 


mtinr-wliat  doprrfwocl;  iiitproonlnr  «pn<'««  with  ti  fjronvc;  ptropcrrlr^  with  a 
niiort,  i*iiiiq)  npiuf,  liltlft  iKMikcil.  iliri'<'t<-<l  l>!u'kwiir<l  nntl  iipwiird,  nui^tly 
cowrril  hy  tin-  skin;  Inflow  tliiK  jic  2  Miiiullt'i' riitirt'iilcd  .ijiiiifs;  sulK]pl'l^ll^ 
with  a  8t«uti(*li  8]>ini',  (liii'rli-d  fii|-w:nil.  i^kiii  Hiimotlr,  rxrcpt  the  ii'juioii 
iiutii<'rlijit><[y  hi'hiiiil  tlir  pii-lnrnlH.  which  is  liowt  with  vi>iy  msuiiII,  Hhiirp 
prickli'j*.  wtiivh  :iri'  siiuii-timi'H  olisoN-t*';  liiU'ial  lint-  I'imspicnous,  cniitiiiil- 
(HIS,  or  iiitcrrtipU'cl  iM'hiiid;  fivHt  (litrstil  h>w  iiiid  fci'lili';  p<"ctt»ntl  iiiis  large, 
tln'if  Iciijftli  tii'urly  fipuil  f"  thftt  (if  tin-  ln'iul,  th«'ir  tip»  UMUnlIy  rwK5Ling 
kK-yniitl  till-  ciiij^iii  of  till!  Hiitt  (lorstil;  vtuiffiil  fins  nKiiicriitj-;  tsthniui^  viiry 
Itroad,  thii  ^ill  iiii'iitlii'iiiii'H  nut  roriiiiM^;  it  IVtId  hituss  il.  <  iliviu'iMiiis,  iiiiiii* 
t»r  h'HH  liiirri'd  ;iiid  spccklts)  vvUii  diirker;  thix  iiiustly  liiirrrd  m-  mottU'd. 
Li*ii;;tli  ;5  to  7  iiuhr'M.  Middlo  mid  Noithi'iii  Stiitcs,  iiliovindiiiK  i"  iill  tdi*nr, 
rm-ky  lir4)okH  mid  lakes  eiiet  of  the  I>:i.kot;iH  iuid  Kiiumhn  to  N<-w  York  iiiid 
Virgiiiiji,  «'X tending  SOI)  til wiirdaloii^tlif  Allejiliaiiio.stoNoTthl'iirolintt  iind 
noithfru  Aluhuiuu,  cspecinlly  litHiiid.iiit  in  liiucstouo  HpriiiKX  iiud  entering 
cavos.  Extrenwdy  variiible;  ver.\  dcstruitive  to  og^of  trout.  ([cUilu.ru*, 
the  eutfioh;  t^ip  fyv;  "  tlii«  tumio  iiii'imM  cat's  t'yo;  eyi-jj  like  tlioso  of  tbo 
catfisht'B  with  oblong  eyea,"    Rufiiicatiaij.) 

Note.— A  a  here  oiiilerHtcMid^  Cottvi  icUUopi  is  u  wideKprPad  and  abundant  Bpories,  vtty- 
Ina  ill  ((LIT<>rviit  rL';:iuii8,  an  In  thi>  oam  with  roost  noamlKrAtory  >4|»-i!ii>n.  In  thix.  n»  lu 
otn<im  uf  piinilur  raii;^^,  thi^  InlialiiUuitii  of  each  streuni  mtty  ttbuw  hw»l  p4*rulmritieH.  A 
DuiubuT  ut  (h«<ie  rurins  b»vc  reoolved  from  Dr.  Uti-uril  <ii>(>i.'illr  uaiii<-H,  which  aru  at'com- 
panicrt  hy  detailed  deacHpClouK.  Large  rnllrctioiia  ur  IIk.-o'  Haln-.s  aliuw  Uiut  nuiueroim 
siTullnr  "ap^cioH"  atill  tfxlnt  aiideMcrll>e4l,  n»  it  in  »  niri*  tlitiit;  (•>  tied  »  Hpecimen  which 
exactly  ogrfeii  in  nil  ri'i«pc'it»  with  uny  of  th*  »p<?cU'a  in  I^r.  Girurd's  ■  Muooicrapb  of  tbo 
FrrHb^V'»l<T  Cott'iiiU.'  lu  Ikin  work  the  tl^unsa  and  loug  deacriptiona  gi<i-  rbnractera 
III  iudivlduals,  nut  uf  tpeciivi. 

I'tgedictit  ichilojn,'  HAn.vEsqri,  I«btlLOU«iuU,85, 1830,  sprine  near  Lexington,  Ken- 
tucky. 

Cottu*  TuhariltoniA  AnAssi7,,  Lake  Snperinr,  31)0,  IS&o,  north  shore  of  Lake  Superior 
(Coll.  Loiiia  AgaxHix  and  Dr.  C,  T.  Jiii:km>n);  Oihabo,  Monograph  KrcshAVater 
Coctoida  y.  A.,  39r  GO.vtheb,  Cat,,  ll.  lH;  not  Trachidenrnt  riehardtoni,  Hkckci,. 

Coitus  batrdii,',  Oirabd,  Proc.  Amer.  Ashk;.  Adv.Sci.,ii,  1850, 41u,  and  Monograph  C'uttoids, 
it,  With  plut«.  Mahonine  River.  Poland,  Ohio.    (Cull.  .S.  F.'Baird.) 

Oettu*  r^^eridiona^<*,i  (iiiuiiD,  Proc.  Aiiir-r.  Assoc.  Adv.  Sci.,  ii,  1850.  110,  and  OrsADD, 
Uonograpb  Ciittoids,  47,  James  River,  Virginia.     (Coll.  S.  F.  Batrd.) 


*  In  Hplt4f  of  till*  nrrors  in  dcwcriptiiin,  there  ran  b*^  no  douht  that  RaflnMqUtt'a  "isal'a 
•ye  Siiringlidb."  I'fiinliclit  ietatojtt,  U  the  proxent  Kppcici;  tli*  doriuil  ravn  iins  eoiiiitod 
wronuly.  nriil  the  H(*alr.a  arc  Auid  lu  Ik'  niniilt.  Nevnrtlirleas.  "in  tUi*  iliriUirl««l  p4*ra{io«'tivo 
nf  biA  mfolal  viaiiin  '  KnllnM()ii<i  conid  have  bad  nothini;  ulse.  In  other  wurds.  Ills 
di-»iTlption  WH»ilrnwn  up  biwtily  and  in  part  fr"m  cut'iuorj'. 

t  Th«  form  r«llwl  <'.i(fi(»  rithardtoni,  .Agnaitli.,  Is  r»tlii>r  sl«inlfT,  with  tho  v»nt  rather 
tiiorv  |H>Hlerior  Ihau  iihiuiI,  pliictHl  luidwiiy  Iwtwfon  thi^Mnuiit  and  the  tip  tif  Ihe  I'loidiil; 
in  thir  ottiers  It  in  nearly  niidwiiy  lieiwecD  the  snout  nud  tlic  luiildlf  of  the  cniidnl.  Lnko 
8u]wrinr.  A  ApRriimn' taken  by  Or.  ,lnrilan  lu  LiikeSngteriur at  Maninrtte,  Michigan, 
a>(rt>ea  with  Cttttvt  ittnlifpn  fnnu  aontheru  MIssDiiri.  tt  la  u  liulti  iiioro  fllunder,  tlu^  colur 
a  lUtb^  ihirker  aod  loHtt  «t«'Hnite,  tlio  crtiss  ImrH  fatuter,  the  diirk  puncliiluli«ti*i  nmrn 
conMpieiintiH.  Thii  vent  liua  I]it«  iiniial  (H)!*ilion.  HlilimiKh  Dr.  (virard  t^^ure"*  Ihn  vmt  in 
bw  Luku  Sii|M'rUiT  R]HH-iii>eii».  type  "I  Onttua  richfirdsoni,  art  farther  back  Ihau  in  (\>tfu0 
itlalopo.  Ill  bi<  lien  re  of  f'ulitu  rieJiardmni  the  vent  ia  a  aliade  nearer  lia.im  of  euudal 
than  pd.Hteiler  margin  nf  eve.  In  all  siierinicuM  we  have  H«eu  itia  nearly  uildway  lietwwn 
uuatril  unii  i-auilaL     D.VlII,l?t;  A.  12,  In  the  apiH'inie)]  from  Marinette. 

I  Tho  Inrin  ralk'd  OMtus  tiairdi.  Giranl.  ia  aiiiiill  and  alonder.  witii  the  sniuoua  dnraaL 
very  low.  and  the  pahiliiie  twIli  leeA  dovelupud  Ihau  iu  the  utbor  forma.  Cayuga  Lakv, 
New  York,  tollhi". 

Ji  CoUiit  mfridi^)llali^.  flirard,  i.<  rather  niliust,  with  tlio  dotdal  lliH  »cnrc<dy  ■nnue>lci|, 
and  th«  nioiitli  Ittrijer,  tlie  inaiiliorv  Bitendluu  i<i  impoallr  posterior  lionler  of  lyc,  tho 
preoporculnr  Mpiiie  is  abarp  and  diructod  well  ui>ward.  Putuiaylvauia  to  Xurth  Carulinn, 
•long  the  AJlegbaaieSi  abaudant. 


1952         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


Ofittuji  iWlfont,-  GiHAKD,  M(n>ogn)pbCi>ttsida.42, 18S1,  Mttcburg,  Pennaylvania.    (GUI. 

JiKob  Green.) 
Vottiu   aUurdii.t  GlBARR,   Muiio^T^lib    Coitoida,  id,  18S1.  Port  Qratiot,  Lake  Harao. 

(CoU.  lta,ior  Bciij.  AivorO.) 
PutamucoUut  loyhenii, \  Jordan,  Ann.  Lyr.  Vat.  HIbI.  X.  Y.  1870, 320,  Etowah   River  and 
Iribularies,  Rome,  Ocorgia.     ((.'oil.  Jairdan  &  OilUrt.) 
Vranidta  rUhardtoui.  JOBUAN  &.  GlLBEBT,  S.TDOiuiiii.  6MI,  1883. 
Uraaiitta  rithardntni,  Joudan  &  GasKKT,  SynojNiia,  tM,  1883;  tml  tite  iuun«  riekar4i*mt 

la  prtNwoaploil  In  Ootitu. 
doltut  liairdii,  JORfiAK,  RuU.  V.  S.  FikIi  Comm.  1889.  29. 
I'vtamtxotUu  carolinn.i  GllX,Proc.  Bust.  Sue.  Nat. Hint.  1881,40,  Carolina;  OlU.lt>  Slm|h 

■on  Itcpt.  Ichlti.  Ut4tll,  403,  1877. 


Subgenus  TAURIDEA,  Jordan  &  RIm. 

an.  <'0TTl'8  RKTI,  Xelaon. 

Head3J;  depth  5^.  First  dorsnl  VIII,  second  dorsal  and  anal  dcetxoypd; 
V.  I,  ■! ;  P.  15.  E,v«)  4^,  1 J  ill  iutororltital  space  and  cquuUin^  snont.  Bod; 
sliort  and  stoat,  nUrnptly  contracted  oppositn  bu8(<  of  iinal.  Head  niueb 
depressed,  very  broad  and  i)ut,  broader  thnn  body,  breadth  }fre.'tter  than 
length;  depth  i  Icn;ttli.  F:ili»tiiit<  teuth  present.  Tail  vory  small,  aaln 
tei'i-tv.  Outline  tadpole-like.  Jaws  nitout  equal;  nioiitb  ratlier  ntinow; 
jaws  contracted  iind  Homuwliiit  prodnced.  Eyes  on  Upper  »iirf»ri«  noar 
together.  Preo)>cr<-<ilar  «piiie  <>3ttren)ly  Jar^je,  3  tiuiee  a«  larjjf  as  in  any 
otIiiT  fresh-water  Cottoid  known,  iia  long  as  eye.  h<H>ked  backward  ami 
upward,  giving  a  buU'alu-liku  a)ipi'urnnce.  Three  spines  hooked  down- 
ward bolow  the  larger  spine;  the  lower  concealed;  a  strong  spine  hooked 
furwiu'd  at  base  ofopercleg.  Hr.inchiostegaU  0.  Isthmns  as  wido  as  from 
snont  to  middle  ot'orbit.  Haao  ot°]>eFtoralB  cresofntio,  their  tips  jn^it  short 
of  iiaal;  ruys  all  «imi)l(';  ventrals  reacliing  J  distance  to  vent.  Prtifili? 
rjitiug  rapidl.\  to  dorM;it,  which  runs  along  a  sort  of  carina.  Dorsal  begin- 
ning  a  trille  beliin<i  vi^ntralN,  jnsl  behind  bend,  about  midway  belweeo 
snout  and  anal.  Vt>nt  midway  butwee.u  suont  and  base  of  candal.  Depth 
at  first  ray  of  nnnl  less  than  i  length  of  lioad,  thickening  at  sanue  point 
over  J,  Head  aniooMi.  .Spmo  above  lateral  linti  behind  heatl  covored 
witb  small  Htifl'  pricklc.-i  hooUid  backwanl,  readily  visible  as  small  bisck 
epecks  wbi'U  skin  is  dry,  Ttdor  ]iale  brown,  irregiilnrly  Bpott<»d  and  mot- 
tled with  darker  brown  Hoiuowhat  an  in  Lota:  pectorals  raottl<>d;  belly 
whiUi;  spines  spirally  curved,  forming  J  a  spiral.  The  moat  peculiar  char-  . 
aoters  are  the  strong  apiuea  of  the  preopcrclo  and  the  smaller  onee  Iwlnw, 


•  Coituj  ti'iltvni,  Ctironl,  i«  rallier  aUmter,  wItb  Hlrongi-r  lulaHiiv  U^Ui,  and  wllh  ( 
nl'   \hr  tirif>eriii4>Mt    <il'  the    pertarAl    rayn    Idrnrcjit*^,   tht^M«    Iwiii^  nutin*  to  the  other*. 
Ohio  Viilli  V,  I'vnunylvaoia,  nuil  Iiiiliuiiii. 

I  ('iillii»  altiiirdi.  (iirurd,  i»  nliorl  nml  chiililiy,  with  tlin  lint  ilnmal  rathnr  hiph,  und 
Joinrd  liy  mniiilirane  to  hmsoimI  more  tliuD  iti  llio  other  fumiK.  rominon  iu  WiscunKln  luiil 
Mletii^au. 

;  C"llu3  lophrni;  Jnrdnn,  i»  uleiKlcr  and  vorr  dark  In  lolor.  mid  more  I'onRpiinonalT 
vurie^ntod :  tim  li r«t  dura  il  higli;  Iht' ]mtatiiie  tenth  wi-ll  dovi'lo|MHl ,  |iml>ably  worlli) 
of  VKfielnl  nwii'-iillUiii.     Atiliaiiia  IIiihiii. 

i  f'liltif  ratuliiiit;  IJIII.  j«  »  very  liirci-  fnnii,  nithrrrnliiint.  n'Arlilni:  n  lit  hIt 

<!  liirhiH,  willioiit    ailDiiry  prlrkleH.   niid  with    the  pnlLilJue   l.rtli  well  ,1.  i  J.V 

lnl«nil  line,  AM  in  thn  other  t'omia,  in  noiiii«tiinpa  eoTilinuiMi^  and    MiinH'tiin,  -  .^1. 

It  iihtiiiiid*  Ui  the  liluoatulio  re^ua  Croin   Indiana  to  XriiueiUHie,  nod  la  fiequsuLh'  Kiumi 
In  cAVtw, 


Jordan  and  Evcrmaint. — Fishes  of  North  America,     1953 


tlif"  carinnt*d  1>a«'k  und  nbrnptly  roiitractiHl  1>ort,v,  forming  the  Hulitereto 
cniulril  pi-ilmiclc,  Tim  ]>rii'kleN  of  tlie  skin  iiro  coarser  Jliau  Jti  iiny  other 
Bpefies.  (NelHoji.)  Lon|Ttli  of  type  L'J  incliea.  Girnt  Lukes,  tie  2  ty]io 
wpi'ciiiii'iiH  t'rorii  Ijukc  Mirhi^un,  near  EvaD8ti>ii,  llliiioia,  in  rather  deep 
wiitcr;  rftrnftinsi  of  others  occur  amoiij;  (iirard's  typoa  of  Trii/lnpnit  ihomp- 
toni  from  Luko  Ontario.  The  t;ronp  Tmiridai,  of  which  this  spi'citiS  is 
type,  nifty  b(i  worthy  of  generir  riink.  (Nsinied  for  itM  tliscnvcrcr,  Mr.  F.  L. 
Rice,  then  a  stuilout  in  zoology  in  Northwestern  Univi'rsity  at  EvanHton.) 

OoUuM  rieri.  NeLSoK,  Bnll.  IIIh.  Mna.  Not.  IlUt.,  Vol.  i.  Mo.  1, 40, 1870,  Lake  Michigan,  at 

Bvanaton  (Coll.  F.  L.  IJIcu). 
JTraitidfa  rpihia.  Jomiw  ii  GiuiBVr,  SynopaU,  SMj  nutof  Copb. 
Vraniiira  rieei,  Joftv/m  Si  GlLOKBT,  SynopaU,  053. 

Subgenua  COTTUS. 
SSS3.  COTTEK  OM'l  ill's,  fitgeumann  It  ElgeomBiio. 

llpa<13^;  depth  5f.  D.  VIII.  17;  A.  13;  V.  I,  4;  P.  13;  eye  U  i"  snout, 
i  in  iuterorbital,  '*  in  bi^ad.  Teeth  on  vomer,  none  on  pulatines.  Width 
of  heiui  erjualiriff  itn  longlb  to  end  of  preoperctilii-r  spiiKs,  its  depth  2  in 
lenf;th.  PrpopiTcK*  with  un  nptiiniod  cluw-Iiko  s[iiue.  below  whi<-h  iire  2 
others,  min-h  smaller,  the  antrriiH'  oiio  liaviuf;  itfl  point  turned  downwanl 
and  forward.  Maxilliiry  not  reaching  orbit ;  Iat«rnlliuo  (.'ontplet-u.  .Sides 
ahove  l:«ter;il  line,  with  stitT  prickles  from  below  lirst  spine  to  bidow  last 
dorsal  ruy;  prickleu  lieiow  lateral  Hue  cuufiued  to  the  abdniuiniil  jmrtof 
thesidcH.  Dorsul  cotinccteil  by  a  low  membrane,  the  rays  niiirh  higher  than 
the  apinen,  3^  in  head.  Pectoral  reaching  past  vent,  its  rays  not  Uruuche<l. 
A  dusky  spot  on  broaat  jn.st  In-hind  anterior  end  of  gill  slits;  ventral  sur- 
faee  ineliidiiig  tliti  ventniln  otherwise  plain;  Jinul  with  a  few  dusky  specks 
oti  its  rays;  other  tin.i  haired  ;  Hides  und  upper  surfaces  olive  with  darker 
spots;  3  dnrk  bunds  below  soft  dorsal;  u  dark  baud  jast  in  front  of 
raiidal.  Leiigtl)  libont  3^  inches.  .Saskatehawan  BtM<in.  This  species  ia 
evidently  closely  related  to  Coltui  poUintirin,  from  which  it  dillers  ehietiy 
tn  haviri*;  many  prioktes.  (EiKcnmann.)  Not  seen  by  us  and  perhaps  not 
different  from  Cotlnit pollicari*.    (ofvxoii  cLawvd.) 

(httut  oiittcMwi,  T.iDKSVAm  &  'ElOKKMAffN,  AiD.  Nat.,  Kov..  1892, 9413.  Bow  River,  at  Cal- 
gary, a  tributary  of  the  South  Saskatehawan,  Alberta  Territory,  (Coll.  C.  EI. 
Elgeinuauu.) 

333*.  COTTIIS  POIiLICARIS  (Jonian  A:  Gilbert). 

Head  S^  in  length  to  base  of  oandal;  deptli  4};  eye  5]t  In  head.  D. 
VII,  19;  A.  13:  V.  I,  4;  1',  17.  Lateriil  liiKMomplete.  Ibidy  robust ;  nape 
prominent,  the  profile  of  bea<l  steeply  declined,  tln*nc'e  to  tij)  of  snout  in  a- 
straight  or  slicbtly  concave  line;  head  much  dopres-Hed,  broad  and  flat 
above,  evenly  narrowed  forward  to  tho  broa(!.  niiieli  dopresaed,  bluntly 
ronndotl  snout ;  eyes  small,  with  extensive  vertical  range,  their  diiimeter 
IcM  than  snout  or  the  tltit  interorbitnl  width;  month  rather  small, 
anterior,  with  but  little  Interul  rleft,  nj3.villary  rooehiug  vertical  from  front 
of  orbit;  teeth  villlfMrm  on  jaws  and  vomer,  none  ou  palatines;  preoper- 


1954  DuUeiin  ^y,  UniUd  Slates  National  Afuicum, 


cnlnrKpiiic  lurce  nn<1  stronfr,  spirally  onrvtd  upward  and  itiward,  wbollj 
iiis-u8t49(l  with  iiK'tiilirntie;  a  itiiigle  «barp  conoealed  Hpinons  point  lirluw 
ungli'  of  prooperclr;  iBtlirntiR  hrond,  ^Titllnut  fold,  its  width  C(tnaliiig  dix- 
tiHic'c  from  Biintit  to  iiiiitdle  of  pupil.  .S])irioiiH  dorsul  rathiT  low,  nenr]? 
uniform  in  liei^lit,  c'liiiiioctol  willi  H«coiid  ilorKiil  hy  n  low  mcmliraue; 
louf^eNt  RpiiK!  fipiiiliiig  l<<iigllt  iif  .snciut;  Hoft  dorsiil  lout;,  it«  lougeMt  raj 
'S\  in  hi-iid;  orii^iii  of  uiiiil  lln  niHlt-r  thiiil  iloraal  ruy,  its  last  ray  nuder 
sixteenth  of  ilorsul ;  liij;lirHt  auul  ray  2.)  in  lirjul ;  v«-iitrals  1,  4,  reachiu;; 
I  distiincH  to  v«[it;  pectoral  rays  iill  Mint)ilc,  iiTi1>r:tn<-lied,  the  longest 
macliiug  vertiral  from  veiit.  and  contMiui-d  U  tliiiDH  in  taea*l.  \'ont  <^(|iii- 
diHtaiit  lititwi'i'ia  tip  of  anont  and  baso  of  ciiiidal  tin.  Skin  everywhere 
HutiMilb.  C'ulirr  otivnci-riiis  :iIkiv«,  little  piini'tnlat«d,  lower  i  of  sides  and 
wholly  under  Kide  of  head  and  hody  nniforni  whitish  nhove,  hejMl  and 
l)0<ly  with  irri-gular  spntu  nnd  hloti'lios  of  black;  these  in  Oner  pattern 
on  head,  aud  not  fonuiiig  tiriiidH  on  hack;  dorsals,  cntidnl,  and  pectoridi) 
with  Ulack  spots  arTn.ivged  in  more  or  less  distinct  series;  iiiial,  ventrsli'. 
and  lower  rnys  of  pccloruls  translucf^rit,  unmarked.  Litke  Micliigan;  • 
single  sppfinifu  \\  inches  in  l''nK<l>  taken  oil'  Hariue,  Wisconsin,  by  Dr. 
Pbilo  1{.  Hoy.    {i>olltr,  the  tbutnb,  Hiiggi*ste<l  by  the  iKinie,  Miller's  ThiiuiU.' 

Uranidea  potlieiirU,  Jurhan  .V  Gll.rBiiT,  I'riKi.  \J.  S.  Xat.  Mns.  IfWJ,  'iW.  Lake  Hictiic*"' 
off  Racine,  Wisconiin  (Ty|n>,  Nu.  2»fl6a.  Coll.  I'.  Jf.  iliiy);  Jo&D.4J(  U  OlLBUI, 
Syno|Mi»,  >54.  1883. 

282.").  CtlTTCS  lOOXATTS,  Ridtanlaoii. 

(Bear  Lake  Mrixi<EAi>.) 

This  spf'oie*  is  tlins  described  by  Richardson:  Tho  Co/tif#  which  form* 
the  Kubji-ct  of  t.hiM  iirticb'  wiis  t:ik<'ii  in  conHid(>ral>le  numbers  in  the  den 
wiitcis  of  (tiiut  Ib'iir  Liikt>  diH'iiii;  the  incnitli  of  May.  at  which  pt-riod  It 
rc-Borf*i  to  the  stony  shullowK  t"  spiiwn.  Specimens  which  we  sent  to 
HiiTrin  t'nviti'  were  returned  with  the  reniiirk  that  they  bolonged  to  • 
spceifNof  ('o/fii»  and  were  "  tresn'MjiltlnbleH  anx  C.j/oftio,"  aud  they.  indceJ, 
correspoiiil  In  iniHt  y)artii'ular.'4  with  the  extended  descriptinn  of  the  liittn 
in  the  Ilistnire  den  I'oissons.  I  have  since  eonipiiri'd  tbeso  Rpci'fmrnn 
ijjiutUely  with  an  Knglish  gnliio,  kindly  lent  to  mc  by  Mr.  Yarrell,  aud  thi 
])riiicip.il  difl'ereiire  thnt  I  have  been  aldr«  to  detect  in  the  .\niericAn  fish 
is  the  greati'r  height  of  its  dorsal  rind  nnal  fiuB.  There  ia  also  a  di» 
cri'pancy  in  the  iiunilier  of  rays,  but  this  can  senreely  l»e  accounted  • 
specific  distinction,  since  different  individuals  of  gohio  show  e(|nall} 
exti-ii.'ive  vurijitiiiuB.  The  Bear  Lake  ripcciincns  having  lw«in  lung  In 
Hpii'ils  havi'  lust  iiuicb  irf  tbeic  color,  but  the  following  paiticuliirs  may 
still  be  noted;  In  Colliin  ijuhio  the  r.iys  of  the  pectoral;)  uri-  variegated  with 
ringH  niteniati'ly  durk  and  light :  In  eiHjnnlas  the  cidor  is  alnioKt  iiiiiforui, 
but  \  aricH  in  inteiiKity  in  dttli-reiit  individoal.t.  In  1  small  I'eniaiR  spcri- 
nien  of  tile  bitter,  howexcT,  there  is  a  slight  indication  of  thi'ae  rings,  and 
its  body  likewise  is  marbled  in  a  innri-  lirdy  in.inner  than  the  rest,  ha^ng 
a  ;;re;iter  reHr'nildanci-  t"  goii'w.  The  iiiales  arc  ilarker  than  the  fenialen  iu 
the  Vnieriean  as  well  as  thi'  Kiirojiean  species.  The  spi'cimen  which  *«• 
have  described  in  detail  was  the  largest  we  obtained,  aud  wa«  aelecteU  lut 


Jordan  and  Evcnnann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     1955 


df'«iTi|itii>ii  Iroiii  it»  lii'iti^  pxiictly  in  th<i  Rniru'  lonRth  with  tllc  ijohio  with 
wliivh  it  W!i8  coniparc-il.  Onat.  tJi-iir  Liik(>.  L<>ti)i;tb  4  inches.  (Rii-h:ir<l- 
Hoii.)  Not  Ni-cii  1>y  reroiit  iiiititrnliNto,  proh»l»Jy  allied  tn  CoHut  pvUUiirii. 
{eoijiiatuH,  wlftted,  tn  ('ottut  f/ohio,) 

OoHvs  eoffiMvM,  BicuARnsogi,  F«niu  lior.-Amor.,  ni,  40,  1838,  dreat  Bear  Lake  (CoH.  J. 

Biclianlwmi :  (illLAllLi.  Mon.  <'ut.,il;  GrKTliER,  Cut.,  ii,  167. 
ITranidMt  isot/nata,JotDAS  A:  <iiuiERT,  SyuopKiii,  OoS,  liiWS. 

SSM.  l'»TTrK  FKUPLKXI'K,  CiUx'rt  A    Evpniimin. 

Hcful  3\;  «1r>|itli  4\.  D.  VII.  3t;  A.  t.'.;  P.  Ifi;  V.I,  4;  iy<>  4;  siintit  I: 
intviiirhital  v\idth  54.  Leant  ileptEi  nf  eimrlal  {x-iliiiielo  jjii'iit^T  than 
Himiit,  3jt  in  hiwid ;  iiiterorliitiil  H|iiiee  nUher  1tr»,'«l,  about  H  in  <\ve. 
Hmly  <I<»t'pi'r  ami  more  eniiijiri'KWMl  than  in  niiy  other  H|M>rii<a  loiciwn  to  iiB, 
thi«  I'eiiit;  OHpi'eirjlly  ii'itieejiUle.  |)OKteri<)rly ;  eiuulnl  |iiHli)ii('le  very  short 
mid  deep,  mid  i-iitirely  ovciliipped  by  posterior  dowal  rnys  whirh  extend 
bi'yond  hiujo  of  euiidal  liii.  Leii;;th  nf  eaiidiil  pediinelo  friuti  ba»e  of  liu*t 
dorxul  my  nbout  }  dopth  of  Nunie;  depth  of  IxHly  at  ori;;iu  of  iiiial  fm  } 
lenjith  of  heud,  IiitiTorliitdl  opaee  slinhtly  eoneuve;  occiput  llat  or 
transversely  eonvex.  Mouth  oblifjne,  the  Diaxillar;  rt»achinp  ^ertieal 
from  ptwterior  inarKiu  of  pupil,  2^  in  head.  T^eth  iu  a  very  narruw 
cregei'iitie  bjind  on  vomer,  mtne  lui  |mlatinet<,  Uyt(K>r  preopereiilar  a-pinu 
short  and  broad,  curved  or  simply  direiti'il  upward;  below  tliin  an*  2 
Htfiut.  blunt  sjriiies  dtreeted  downwiird.  Itinly  entirely  naked,  lateral  lino 
ineouiplete,  iu>t  reachin^r  I'nd  <»f  Kol't  ilorsal.  (4pinoii«  dor.Hul  low,  the 
loiif^est  .spiue.M  imt  fH'eater  than  !ein;th  of  snout;  noft  fins  all  high,  the 
lifteeittli  doraal  ray  er|uuliug  snout  aud  oye;  a  brood  itunitiraQe  always 
nonniTtiu^  the  2  dorsals,  the  untch  iurou.spienoiiB;  la«t  rays  of  anal,  ita 
widl  UH  (loi-nal,  esteudiii;!  Iieyoiid  l>ase  of  caudal;  lirwt  anal  ray  under 
third  ray  of  soft  dorsal;  ventral  »[djie  anrl  ray:"  nleiideraud  weak.  Anna 
midway  between  base  «>f  *aiidal  tin  aiul  front  of  rye.  Color  in  alcohol, 
baek  and  Hides  with  vermienlatioiiB  of  lijjht  and  dark,  the  back  with  5  or 
fi  ill-dotined  black  ero.ss  bars,  whtrb  usually  reaeh  th«  lateral  line;  tho 
iiaaal  black  liar  at  base  of  caudal,  i)mar^:iriat<'  poHteriorly ;  below  thi- lateral 
line  a  number  of  small,  unadrati'  dark  blotches,  arranged  In  2  irregrilar 
Maries;  lowiT  part  unuiarked,  exei-pt  with  lire  dark  pniiitnlatioHB;  dor- 
Mul.  pectoral,  mid  catiilal  tinr<  eronis-b.irred  with  dark;  nual  and  ventrula 
with  niimerfliis  small  dark  siu-ekn.  Lenj;tli  abfiuit  3J  inches.  Shookum- 
chiiek  and  Xi'waukiiui  rivers,  near  CheUalis,  in  western  Washiiijitim. 
(Gilbert  A.  Evomiann.)     (jicrplcsiit,  [>iTptexed.) 

Collu4  prrpUxuM,  OllBEBT  A  En-KBMAnn,  Ball.  V.  S.  Fl»h  Cumni.  ]«Bi,  202,^1.  20.  (Typfl, 
N.I.  ithM.  r.  S.  Nut.  Mils. ;  Ccitn)''*.  No«.  1324  to  134.1.  L,  S.  Jr.  Unir.  Ma».) ;  Shookum- 
chuck  River,  near  Chehalis,  Washington  [Nn.  4ri3KH,  U.  S.  Xau  Mas.),  and  Newau- 
kum  River,  near  Chcha]i&.     (Coll.  UUbert  ic  JotikiD».) 


SSST.  t'OTTlIK  KLAXATHENSIN,  Gillwrt. 

Hejul  2i»n  to  Siinin  liniRth;  dopthS  /„  to  ih  D.  VII,  19;  A.  14;  P.  15:  V. 
1,4.  Kody  heavy  and  deep,  the  bead  Harrowed  and  wed^'e-shaped  a«l4<ri- 
orly,  the  gnout  rather  acute  aud  the  mouth  with  much  lutcrul  uleft.     Mas* 


1950  Dulletm  ^7,  United  States  National  Mttscum. 


illarvhroiKlly  i'Xi><»M'(l,  ita  tip  rea<;blDs  verticjil  from  heliimi  front  of  pupil, 
itx  length  2'i  or  2^  iu  liciul.  Brosid  liiinilB  nT  U'-t^tli  on  jawH  ftixl  vniurr; 
paliitincH  tiKitlik'ss,  Anterior  noHtril  with  ii  iliittiiirt  tii1>e.  Eye  of 
modcrati'  kizo,  1^  in  Kiioiit,  4}  lo  5  in  licad.  Iiit<>rorliltal  8|)»r<-  and 
orripul  gfiitly  cim<'iivi>  in  iidultK,  tln>  total  intororliital  width  \^  to  \\ 
in  orliit,  tlic  bony  9<'ptuai  nariMiwrr.  Upper  preopercnlar  Hpin<<  rolinst, 
Nlraiijlit,  dirroti-d  Imoloviird,  or  linrkwuril  ami  t»li;jhtly  upward;  Itelow 
tl)i.>«  tli«>  uiMi');iti  of  till*  Itoiic  ij4  withiHit  evidiint  Hpiiiea.  Imt  la'urA  I  ori 
alight  protiiint'iict'B  wliii-li  may  he  rounded  or  acute;  siiit«>rior  angle  nf 
tbi?  iiuhup«'iTlt*  with  jk  whort  spini'  dlrtu'tcd  fonrurd;  opcrrlo  ending  in 
\\  ^^wx^  flat  npini'.  llrad  with  ljir>;t<  poreft,  2  piiirs  ohovts  front  of  iirhil, 
thoxi'  of  the  po»t«'rior  pair  nf^urciit  toKfthor;  distant  from  th(«s«>,  a  sin-jlr 
tiicdiiUi  pon?  on  the  posterior  portion  of  intororhitiil  spacr,,  from  which 
divr'r;ri>  2  liiH'.s  of  pores  arontid  Iht-  Imrk  of  thp  orhit«;  spinoun  dorsal 
short  and  low.  tiic  lonj;i-*it  Mpine  usually  h-««  thnu  \  the  lonK<'»'t  ^oft  ray; 
the  2  fliia  very  hroiwlly  joined;  di^tunee  from  hiise  of  lui<t  doptwil  ray  to 
biuw  of  caudul  alifihtly  lesw  tbaii  depth  of  eandiil  peduiiele;  caudnl  short 
and  broadly  rounded,  its  h-niftli  li|  jii  heiid ;  pectorals  very  short,  nsnaJh 
not  reat'hing  vertieal  from  front  of  anal,  lij  in  heiui;  vciitralrt  liirgi-,  Kouir>- 
tiincs  reJK-bing  vent  but  usually  shorti-r,  IJ-  in  head;  caudal  with  9  (sonifs 
tiuK'K  8  or  lOj  forked  raye;  rays  (tf  other  iins  simph^,  uuUranchud. 
variation  in  tin  raya  ia  shown  iu  the  following  tuhlo: 


Knniber 
ofspoci- 

rnens. 

SpinooN 

donuiL 

Soft  ilorsal 

Anal. 

PKimaL 

VH 

IB 
8 
7 
1 

VUI 

U 

la 

M 

U 

u 

u 

14 

u 

« 
% 
1 

Upper  EUmatli  Lake 

Klamath  River  l>ol(iw  lake. 
Lout  Rlrer 

31 
4' 

7 

1 

1 



1 
* 

IB 

I 

a 

1 
• 

10 

* 

4 
1 

5 
I 

3 
% 

Soott  Hirer 

... 

Skin  mostly  naked,  the  yonnfj  with  .i  ti.irrowly  oblong  patch  of  prioklra 
below  the  lateral  line  »nd  under  tbe  potilerior  half  of  pectonUx,  thrso  b«- 
eonitu^  Knidinilly  aliMorbeil  with  :ij;e,  adultK  beiu);  uenrly  or  cjuiti-  nuko<1. 
I^atiTid  line  very  incomplete,  tbe  last  pore  under  some  portion  <if  t\w 
a.ut<Mior  bulf  of  soft  dor«ii1  in  aJI  our  dpeeiniens  from  the  lake.  From  tho 
bmt  pore,  a  Hlialbnv  open  jiniove  or  trae*?  follows  the  eonrw  of  tho  nluio- 
li'te  poi-tion  of  tile  eaiml.  In  4  N[>r'eimens  from  Klamath  River  Indow  the 
falls,  iiiiit  in  I  eolleeted  hy  Mr.  U.  (_'.  MeGre^'or  in  Scott  Rivi-r,  Siskiyou 
Comity,  Caiil'oniiu  (a  tributary  of  Klaiuuth  River),  the  Iat4-ral  line  ill 
uuii'li  more  nesirly  complete,  iqidinu  under  the  liiMt  (iflh  of  soft  linrKiil. 
Color  brownish  iilivi-,  with  ■!  or  .t  imligtliiet  dark  bars  downwatxl  from 
buck,  breakiiijf  up  below  into  narrow  bai-s  wliich  may  unitt>  to  fona 
V-Kliaped  ni!irkins»,  i>r  oll<-n  into  tiiiTf  irre;L;uhir  blotelies;  a  narrow  bar 
at  banc  of  tail;  eaiulal  witli  broad  ibiik  barK  allernatiu);  with  much  nar- 
ruwtir  light  ones;  doraal  and  anal  with  aoinowhat  narrower  obUi|ac  bar*; 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America. 


piictorals  very  i'i>ti»piriiousIy  clK'fkercil,  tlu-  ilurk  iiuil  lijjlit  wpnts  on  the 
niys  [t[  i':iii;;eil  in  viilli;il  (m-ik^m.  A  liU'^<',  Btl'iuij^ty  iii:il-k<-{)  Mjtr-i-icH,  Vi-ry 
ulniiiiliiiil  in  ll|iiiir  KlntiiaHi  I,;ik»'.  It  ii*  I'liiirjicfciizid  liy  its  Hhnrt  npi- 
iiniis  (lursiil,  l)ii>aillyj<>iiii-il  t«  tlic  lonff  sut't  (Uirt-ul,  tti«'  iiiihnitii  lu'ilpcitoral 
rftyn,  tins  vi'ry  iiiciiiiijilctf  IjittTul  liiif,  tl>v  w<'ak  deveiujniHTit  iiC  i)rifklvs, 
the  lack  uf  pulutiuc  ti-i-lli,  iititl  tiui  ilistiuctiTu  cuUtrutiuu.  It  is  must 
ni^arly  rolrtttxl  to  C  pirplt-x.     Klamath  Lnkeu,  Orugou. 

Cuttut  lUtiimihrMi;  liiLUEiiT,  UtilL  U.  S.  Fi«li  Cduiiu.  IHI/7,  Iti,  li^urn.  Upper  Klamath 
Lake,  Oregon.     (Typo,  Nu,  48220,  U.S.  Xiit.UuH.    Cull.  Gilbert,  Crauuor,  lUid  lJtaki.> 


SS88.  I'OTTCK  ALEl'TllUS,  GUb«rt. 

HtmA  Biimll,  3i  to  3^;  depth  5  to  51.  1>.  I\  or  X,  18  »r  1»;  A.  13  or  14; 
P.  13  to  15;  V.  I,  -1 ;  C.  8  or  9  (forked  ray») ;  X"  t«  'M  pores  in  ]iit«nil  lin». 
Ill  appt'iiranre  reseniMliig  ('oUhd  philonipg;  tlic  Lend  Hniall,  itH  width  but 
i  greater  than  it«  tlejith;  the  iMjdy  low  and  but  littlo  compr^sHcd,  th« 
deptli  at  Nh<jtild«rH  bul  littlv  •rrHfttur  tb.'in  the -width.  Cauda]  p^duurlu 
HiadiT.tlPj  nut  ulcudrr,  its  length  from  banc  of  last  aual  ray  If  to  If  in 
howl,  tiieaHured  fioin  last  dorsal  ray  but  littli-  more  than  i  as  long.  D^pth 
of  candal  ]u<diim'le  41  to  4^  in  hi'ad.  Mnnth  huiuI],  variiiblc,  iiiasilhiry 
rcBchiug  vertical  from  front  or  middti'  of  pupil,  *ij  to  a  in  head.  \'onierine 
pntt'b  of  t««tL  Hiuail,  tlio  palittiiK^s  tootfalesa.  Preorltital  aj*  wiil^  as  vyti, 
produced  anteriorly  into  a  lonvex  lobe,  which  conceals  all  hut,  the  wid- 
ened tip  of  the  nmxillary ;  both  pair"  of  nostrile  opening  in  tthort  hut 
evident  tuhoH,  a  >'hur:)cler  nut  kuuwu  by  uh  to  cxiut  in  other  Mjiei'ieti  ttf  the 
genua,  Ey»4i  to  i'i  in  head;  iutiTorbital  space  narrow,  the  least  width 
of  thv  hunt-  (ili{L;htly  Icsh  than  i  the  vertical  dtunieter  of  the  orbit  in  adults 
lUf)  Mini.  Ion-;,  uiiii'li  narronor  in  younger  spi-iiineus.  In  this  resiioct  our 
BpeciinnuH  dilf«r  fimBpii-uuiisly  from  tho  typew  of  T'.  microttoma,  in  which 
the  interorbital  width  in  snid  to  equal  vertical  dianieter  of  «ye.  Ab  in 
Cvtlun  i>l'Uonip»  wo  havt*  but  a  singki  prcopcrcular  ejiiue,  which  in  straight 
and  directed  obli<jiiely  upward;  preopereuliir  nnirgiii  below  the  npine 
evenly  rounded;  aubopercular  spine  well  devi-lopcd.  I/Uteral  line  com- 
plete, following  outline  of  back  to  opposite  butt  dorsal  rnj',  where  it 
aliruptly  declineo  to  middle  of  caudal  {lediiucle.  liody  naked,  or  with  a 
narrow  band  of  prickles  i-xt4'ndiiig  I'roni  upper  axil  of  pectnrals  iilong 
uuder  side  of  lateral  line.  DorsuJN  more  or  less  joined  at  base  in  all  our 
specimens,  but  varying  in  the  height  of  the  connecting  membrane,  which 
usually  .joias  well  up  oii  Unit  raj'  of  soft  dorsal,  aonietimes  at  its  extreme 
base.  The  apiuona  dorsal  in  long,  with  R  spincN  in  13  speciuionH  examined, 
lOsjiinesiu 5  specimens.  The  lirst2  Mpincs  are  very  closely  approximated, 
mid  spring  from  a  single,  wide  interspinal;  the  tirst  spine  is  easily  over- 
looked,  as  has  been  dune  by  (iilbcrt  and  Everuiuna  (Investigations  in  the 
Colurabia  Kiver  Itasin,  WM,  p.  '>i  i,  and  pos-sibly  also  by  I^ockington  in  his 
dcBtrijttiou  of  Civinirfpfl  nirc(()«<0JMo.  Spinous  dorsal  low;  the  soft  dorsal 
higher,  the  longest  rays  eiiualing  length  of  snout  and  ^  eye;  the  last  rays 
when  (leprcHNe<t  not  (|uitc  reaching  buse  of  caudal.  Anal  fin  much  shorter 
than  Boft  dorsal,  its  Iwit  ray  ondcr  the  fourth  or  fifth  before  the  lost  ray 


1958         Bulletin  f.j.  United  States  National  Museum. 


of  (loTsnl;  ciiiidul  truncate,  Bli|rbtly  rotititlvd  when  spread,  ixm  Jenfrth  li  to 
Ij  iu  lie»<l,  itH  riiys  twice  forki-d;  ))eotorals  runchin^  to  i>r  nearly  t«>  front 
of  unnl;  vnitniU  varying  in  length,  uot  quite  reaobinj;  veut  in  jiuy  of  oiii 
BpociineuH;  |H>rt4>ral  ruys  all  eixnpU^;  dorsal  :iud  .-itial  ruya  all  stui}>l<', 
except  the  lust,  which  is  usually  diviiU-d  tn  thi'  bitai?  in  the  ftimier,  no"! 
Biiiiietiiues  dividrd  in  thf  latt<>r,  lieiid  iiud  dofly  mottled  or  Npott'od  abnvo, 
unifumily  light  lirown,  tho  darker  markings  un  liiK'k  often  arranges!  a*  li 
criiMS  bartt,  of  which  \i  are  below  i>|iiiiou8  dorsal,  3  below  soft  dorMil, 
and  1  ou  caudal  ]ie<Iiiiiclc>.  thi'M  uauiiUy  broken  up  into  spota  or  reticulu 
tioHH,  anil  often  obscure, iiouietiineM  wanting;  usually  a  light  bar  dowu- 
ward  and  backward  from  eye;  rays  of  dorsals,  piM'tornls.  and  (.-Madul  (<roM<Ml 
witli  seriosof  dark  blotches;  ventralsand  aiiiil  llgLt,  very  obscurely  barrrd 
with  darker.  This  species  was  very  nbiiutlaut  in  the* small  Htre:«ai8  ]>a/^- 
iug  tlirougli  the  villagu  of  Ilialiuk,  I'nalaska,  living  both  in  the  uptM-r. 
titrictly  fresh- wator  portion  of  the  stream,  and  iu  the  lower,  more  or  le*» 
brai'kish  part.  A  specimen  transferred  to  the  salt-wat»'r  a<)uariuiii  on  thu 
AlbatrusD  Sfcmed  to  sutler  no  iucouvenieure  from  the  change  of  wat«r,  aod 
lived  for  ncveral  days.  This  is  probably  the  I'rantden  tnirrottoma  of  Loek- 
ington,  based  on  Hjieciniens  collected  near  8t.  Paul,  Kudiak,  and  consid- 
i-nrd  by  the  desrriber  to  be  identical  with  other  »i>eejineua  cxaminc'd  by 
hiui  from  the  Aluutiau  Islauils.  Four  specimens  wore  etdleeted  byn^  Mar 
2tJ,  WW,  in  M  small  stream  entering  Departure  Hay,  Vancouver  IsLintl. 
These  exhibit  perfectly  the  dtllerences  separating  CoUu»  alcuticua  from  itA 
nearest  ally,  Cottuii  phUonipt.     (Gilbert.) 

Vrnni<i*a  ntierotlmna,  Lockinoton,  Pror..  U.  S.  NkL  MnR.  1880,  !<8,  St.  Paul,  KadiAk  island 
(Coll.  AV.  J.  Fincher) :  not  CoHiu  mienmtotinu.  IlECKRl.  n  Kiiroimui  aiKv-iM. 

Oottii* aUiitieii*.  (iiuiEirr.  HapL  U.  S.  Kith  Cuiutn.  lK0:i  (I89<l),  418,  streams  of  Uoaiaska; 
alim  in  Departure  Bay,  Vancouver  laland.    (Coll.  UlLtiillwrt). 

2U20.  lOTTlS  MOilTrs,  PsUas. 

Head  :U.  I).  VII.  IH;  A.  l.S;  ('.  13:  P.  14;  V.  2.  Iload  large,  conic,  tlw 
Hp]iei'  jdw  longer,  the  teeth  very  »len(ler;  eyes  am.ill,  near  together;  jixw- 
opcrclo  with  an  incurved  npino  on  each  t*i<le.  its  lower  margin  snbdentate; 
the  hcml  other«iNe  unaiiucd;  body  U^re^e,  thi<k  anteriorly,  tap«riog 
behind;  the  btteral  line  iinarmeil.  Coin]  pale,  dotted  with  large  dusky, 
irregular  black  spots  on  the  back;  tins  all  variegatetl,  the  pectorals  tran*- 
lucent,  with  rowo  of  dunky  8]>ot8;  veutralx  white,  with  daaky  ring*; 
second  dorsal  variegatu<l:  anal  dotted  with  dusky,  caudal  vith  dusky 
bands;  body  sntoutli.  Island  of  Taiek,  near  Tauiak,  Sea  of  Okhotsk; 
known  from  a  dne<l  specimen  :{  inches  long,  and  a  drawing.  (rallnK.1 
Evidently  cloise  to  Cotlut  aleiitivu»,  but  not  to  be  identilied  without  new 
material  from  .Siberia,    (minutua,  very  small.) 

Coltvf  ininnivt.  Tai.lah,  ZuugT.  RuHnuAsiat.,  IU,  143,  isil.  Talalc  Islaod,  Sea  Of  Okhotsk. 
(Cull.  D.  D.  Mcrk), 

S340.  (OTTl'S  BGLDINCnt,  Kigenmano  JL  Eigenmsnn. 

Head  2|  tol;  .tepth  J  to  r..  II.  VI  to  VIll,  15J  to  18;  A.  U  to  13;  V.  1,1. 
Head  rather  short  and  bruud,  the  protile  convex,  more  steep  from  aye  for- 


Jordan  and  Evermann, — Fishes  of  North  America.      1959 

ward;  eye  large,  orltit  4  to  5  iu  head;  inti^rorbitul  i-oucavo.  2  iti  or1)it; 
mouth  large,  muxJIUry  reiK:biii|i^  at  least  to  l>elow  the  [uiiiil,  alKiiit  3  iu 
Lead.  Prooporclo  witli  a  niniple  Icickwivrtl-clirBi'ti'tl  Mjiiiio,  vory  Hlightly 
ciirvfil  upwnnl.  Teetli  o:»  jaws  un<l  A-oiner,  iionii  uii  pul.-itiiuw.  Skiu 
suiCMith.  Pectorulu  reuohiun  vein,  or  furthur  in  tbo  yoiinj;;  veiitraln  \\,  to 
2  ill  li>-A<l.  Distuucti  of  :iniil  troiij  ouiidul  Ij  iu  its  <li8tauoe  frotn  suout. 
AutiH  iionrer  inoertion  of  ciiuclHl  than  tn  end  of  ttnoiit.  Muttled  witk 
black  uud  white;  abuiit  li  blarkisb  criwft  Intra  ou  back,  thtv  tii-ttt  .unigH 
Lcjid  jiiHt.  bohjiid  eyes,  u ox t  ut  <>ri^:iii  ordoii*al;  limt  doreal  tiiigL<d  with 
riiHty,  the  Keeoiid  leoH  mo;  nil  tlio  Iiuh  (•xcopt  tho  vontnila  Hpotted  witb 
dark.  The  ^jmatid  color  varies  greittly  witb  tlie  Ixittum  over  which  these 
tishes  live.  (Eigi-nmaiin.)  Streama  of  Coliiiiibiii  Kiver  Basiu,  south  to 
Laki-  Lftbontun  ;  abiimlaiit  i^ast  ot  tho  Cn.scadeN.  U'e  Hnd  thin  HjwcioH 
abandaiit  in  shallow  watiT  in  Lake  Tflhoe.  Kxcopt  by  tliB  sliititcr  body, 
wo  arn  iiiiiiblu  to  separati'  it  from  I'otliit  jiliilutiijm,  unit  [lerliapa  (tilbi-rt 
&'  Everiiiaiiii  are  fight  in  idiMitifyiiig  it  with  the  latter.  We  refer  to 
CottHr  beldini/ii  most  ofthf  gpeciiiH-UH  called  Cottut  jrhiionipt  by  ]>r.  (iilbcrt 
aud  iJr.  EvfnuaiiD,  witli  thu  retuiirk  that  the  name  C»ttiu  beldintjii  islntinj 
event  prior  to  Cotlus  jihiloiiiiig. 

CottiiM  behlingii  is  n  ttuiall-headed  fiirui,  typically  with  perfectly  smooth 
skin  lind  nnarmed  palatiiiCH.  Like  must  other  Npei:ii-8  of  the  ^onntt  it 
ooeaaionally  dcvelnpa  a  baiul  of  poutaxillary  prickk'«,  which  are  often 
Bocompaiiied  iu  tho  wunx?  spiciniuns  by  a  small  patch  of  teoth  un  thi' 
pnlatiiio  bones.  The  bead  is  le«8  Htrongly  armed  than  UHua),  the  tiiiiglc 
preu))eTcular  Apiiie  being  nhort,  the  preopercular  uiurgin  otherwise  wholly 
ODarmed.  In  this  respect  C.  beldingii  dift'orR  from  all  other  wesUirn 
spories  uf  Vottu»,  cxcejit  the  Alaskan  form  above  mentioned.  The  dciniiil 
varies  from  VII  or  \'1II,  111  to  IS;  the  anal  from  11'  to  14.  The  nostrilH  are 
withoul  ttibe^,  aud  the  jjieorliital  little  proilurcd.  exposing  the  greati-r 
part  of  the  iimxillary  in  closed  month.  Speciuieus  were  obtained  in  the 
I'ort  Netif  Kiver  nrai  roeat4'llo.  iit  ><n)i<jiia]inie  Falls,  aud  in  »  spring 
biuneh  emptying  into  the  .'^oiitli  Fork  of  the  t'n-tir  d'Alene  Kiver,  near 
Wardner,  Iilalio.  We  have  also  soeii  apccimens  tnken  fi oiii  Hiich  Creek, 
in  western  Id.-ibo,  by  Meriiam  and  Bailey.  (Named  for  Lyman  Reldiug, 
of  Stockton,  California,  well  known  an  an  ornithologist.) 
0«((U4  MdiitoU.  Kiazsukus  .V  EinesMAy^.  Amer.  Nat.,  XXV,  1891,  1132,  Lake  Tahoe 
(CoU.  Lyman  Bolding  and  C.  B.  EigeninanDl.and  Dooner  Lake  (Coll.  Ei^eamonu), 


SS3I.  COTTUS  PIIII.O?(IPS,  Eigenniunn  &  EiRooniann. 

Head  3^;  depth  fi,  D.  L\-17;  A.  13;  eye  l  in  head;  maxillary  2» ;  high- 
est dorsal  BpiaeH;  Iiigbest  xoft  ray  2^ ;  pectoral  j;  candal  1^.  Body  ex- 
tremely alendei'.  nut  mn<'h  i-ompressed  ;  caudal  peduncle  uiodernte.  Head 
small,  wedge-shaped,  iis  vii'wed  frniii  above;  from  the  side  the  upper  pro- 
file is  itrnadly  rounded  fioiii  the  iIovk.-iI  to  the  tip  of  the  rather  sharp 
snout,  lower  prolllo  straight;  month  moderate,  the  maxillary  reaching  to 
middle  of  oyo;  teeth  ou  jaws  and  vomer,  palatines  tuothleHs;  interorliital 
space  equals  i  eye;  eye  about  e(|nal  to  leugth  of  snout;  preoperclu  with 
only  i  Bmall  spine  above,  below  which  its  edge  is  entire;  pectoral  reaoh- 


1960  Bulletin  /7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


iiig  front  of  annl  or  past;  dnnals  not  conneutcd.  tbe  faigbesfc  spine  about  \, 
tins  bi^^hoMt  soft  dorsal  1^,  iu  beiul;  ventrala  rearbiiig  t<>  vent.  Color 
li|jbt  Ki'i'yi  c<ivere<l  witb  many  s[)Ot«  foniiiiix  retioulatioiis  na  8ide«  «nd 
top  uf  bead;  ventrnlH  wbitu.  other  lius  i-overed  by  wavy,  dark  bars;  dorsal 
entirely  dusky,  witli  a  narrow  wliite  e<lf;e;  belly  and  lower  parts  white. 
Krattor  River  KaHJii.  Hero  desi-ribed  from  one  of  tbe  type  apt'cimens,  3 
iiK-hea  ill  l<-n)ri1i;  collected  at  Field,  itritinh  Columbia,  iu  Kicking  IlorM 
River,  by  Dr.  Kigenuiaiin.  Tbiti  baa  been  compared  witb  mauy  gpc^cLuieiu 
of  CoHu*  beldiuyii  irom  localltioH  in  Washington  and  Idaho  and  from  Lak« 
Tahoe,  All  of  these  are  Ichh  oleDdcr  than  tbi'  types,  thi^  drpth  lieiiig  4t  to 
5  inobes  iu  len(^h,  but  tbuy  ilu  not  diA'er  otherwise,  and  lat«r  invertiga- 
tioas  will  probably  Mhow  the  entire  identity  of  CutlHtpl'iloiiipt  with  Cottai 
hvldinijii. 

This  Qaiiie  {Cotlu*  pkilonipa)  was  proposed  an  a  Biibstitnte  for  I'ottu* 
tninutdg,  Pnlloa,  Huppnaeil  to  bo  prooc('iipii<<l,  and  Colliii  mi<'ra«(OMu«  ( Lork- 
in^^tOD),  not  of  Heckel;  but  the  original  description  was  tnkeu  from  a 
specimen  from  Kicking  llorsi)  River.  The  first  mentioned  is  perfectly 
available,  but  was  applied  to  a  specimen  from  the  island  of  I'ab-k,  near 
Timisk.  in  the  Okhotsk  Sea.  It  is  very  ilonbtftil,  therefore,  whether  Cattnt 
minufn.*  Hhoiilil  br  itsi'd  tor  any  American  specie.^i  in  advance  of  cumparison 
with  the  Silierian  form.  From  tbi'  Aleutian  lalaml  siiecies  (C  microtlomui 
Lockingtoii,  '.'.  aU-itliciis  Gilbert),  C.  philonipn  ililVeis  ia  many  im]M>rtaat 
respei'ts,  iiiul  iH  undoubtedly  distinct.  Thus  the  Alaakaa  form  has  tb« 
posterior  nostrilf  in  short,  but  conspicuous  tubes,  the  preorbital  pro<luc«N| 
into  a  lobe  which  oonreals  all  of  the  niaxilary  except  the  extreme  tip,  and 
the  dorttal  tin  with  8  or  !)  spines  and  18  to  20  soft  rays.  (fttA^'tu,  to  love; 
vi'tt;  snow,  yi-xrui,  to  wash.) 

CoUti»  pliiiotiir;'  KlGrj«MA>-N  &.  Eioewmaioi,  Ajuw.  N«t.,  xivi,  flCa,  1892,  KickinK  Horte 
River,  Field,  British  Columbia;  KluENMANM  &  EtOKKMAHK.  ISuU.  V.  S.  Fish  Comni. 
1804.  llf);  CILBHBT  i:,  EvEaMANN,  BlUl.  U.  8.  Fish  Cuium.  liiUI,  204,  in  part,  in«^inH«. 
L'oUiM  Mdingii. 

3S88.  t'OTTHK  k'SVJE,  Jordan  k  Starka. 

Head  ;H  to  3J;  depth  5.  1>.  VII  or  VIII,  17  or  18;  A.  12;  eye  5  in  head; 
maxillary  3|;  highest  dorsal  3*;  k»gbe.«t  soft  ray  2;  pectoral  1;  ventral 
Ij;  caudal  1^.  Body  elongate,  not  much  cumi^reKsed;  caudal  peduncle 
wide,  wider  than  length  of  Kiiuiit.  Head  small,  broaiUy  rounded  anteriorly 
as  viewed  from  above,  snout  blunt  as  ^iewed  from  tbe  side;  mouth  very 
small,  without  so  macb  lateral  cleft  us  Colliia  jthiloHtps;  the  maxillary 
rearhiiiK  t«  front  of  pupil;  tocth  in  moderately  wide  bands  ou  Jaws  and 
vomer,  jialatines  toothless,  or  with  a  few  teeth  iu  a  narrow  band  on  front: 
interorbital  (bone  only)  eiiuals  }  eye;  oyo  smaller  than  length  of  snont; 
preopercle  with  only  1  small  blunt  spine,  below  which  the  edge  ia  entire. 


*  Thin  upecipH  ii  thus  cl«Kcril>e<l  (>v  Rlc(>nmanii  Jt  Ei)cenin»i>'< 
VUI  er  I\.  I'l  to  \>i;  A.  II,  11;  \.  (.  i.    JVeWrnl  n-ftrtilng  aoii 
enl  ^i^v-oimens.     Aiinl  ef^iiitlJHtant  friMn  t{]k  uf  »iif»ut  anil  ww^  < 
Niioiil.     ANhy  L;niy  with  ht^  ki<ili  hloti-lii*^.     \o  w««U'il«>Hiie(l  • 
liinefl  iitiar  tbe  tail.     I'^rctjiiriiUy  a  dunky  hhit-ch  on  tuit*»rior  [  . 
nixiltii-r  Hour  ifH  jionlwlor  emi    tlif  tin  nonielinios  wliollv  ilniU 


tn4  D. 
I  in  luTf ' 
'  r  tip  o( 
Hi  tmta*- 
r^al  And 
wliitii. 


]*iH>tor.tl<,  HoltilorAal,  jiud  ouikIuI  iiuirn  ur  lonfl  liurrvd.    Ihi)  tyifu.^t  UiLt'ii  lu  ihc  loy  w&ten 
uf  Iho  Kjcklug  Uumo,  at  Fluid,  Briliah  Odiuubiu,  with  Cvrtg'aniu  coutUri.    (£igeaiuaB&.| 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1961 


Pectoral  bjiroly  rcacliiuy  front  of  ;iual:  s|iiiiim.i  dorsal  very  low,  from  \  to 
\  us  lii^'li  iia  aiilt  di>r-'<iil,  its  Ujimk  Croiu  its  Hrst  sjiine  to  lirst  ray  of  soft 
ilorKHl  \.\  iu  hrnil :  <IorHnls  Uiirely  riioi-ting,  not  nt  nil  countict^d.  L'olor 
light  griiy,  8«im.Mvhttt  mottled;  v<'iilrnls  aud  Jianl  ciilorli«»,  other  Kna 
cioM^d  with  wavy  Uiich;  a  soft  aijut  on  ouch  cud  of  spinouH  dorsal.  KukIo 
River,  B  triliiitary  of  Gruiid  River,  t'olorado,  C'olorndo  Kivi-r  Banin.  Hens 
(ii-acribcd  from  I  tupefiineiis  from  2j  to  '?>\  inches  in  h^ngth,  collected  »t 
(rypsiiiii,  Colorado,  from  tho  L^agle  Rivur.  It  has  hitherto  been  confintmU-d 
with  Cotlim  nemitciihcr,  which  was  taken  iu  abiuiilanci-  at  the  (t:iiiii.<  {daco 
aud  recorded  aa  "  Cotlim  buii-dii  i>unctiiln.iiit."  We  have  I'omiinrcil  this  ape- 
ries with  mpeciniens  of  Cotlut  heJdinyii  from  Jiirch  Ort'ek,  Idaho,  iuid  with 
a  cotype  of  Collim  pliilonipt  from  Fiold,  EtritiHli  Colnitibia.  It  ilillerR  from 
both  of  tllpoe  iu  havia^  the  nioiitli  and  eyes  snialletr,  and  I'roiii  tho  Field 
apouitiuni  in  having  a  dwpi-r  body.  (Xume  for  Miaa  Anna  Louiftc  Brown, 
iirttHt  ot  tho  Hopkins  Seaside  LiiliorMtory. ) 

OaUtu  anna,  JubdaM  &'  STARifS,  Prix.  CaI.  Ac.  Sci.  IHUfl,  223.  wUli  pliilfl,  Eagle  River, 
Oyptum,  Colorado.  (C'oU.  Jordan,  Evermann,  Fealer  &  I>avla.  Ty|)06,  Noa.  1905, 
13(M,  IW».  anil  1210,  L.  S.  Jr.  Unlr,  Mna.) 


saaa.  <ottcs  kpiloti's  icope).' 

ThiR»p<«ii'«  iNthu«dt«»rribpd:  "  H.  VIII.  17;  A.  13;  V,  I, +  :  P.  15;  bn»n- 
chioHtt'galH  6.  Kiitcring  the  wrtion  with  5  vi>iitral  rnyn,  and  with  uii 
I'iongiito  body,  nvHcmbliug  apjunri'iitly  till'  iKiirilii,  t'\vv\>t  in  it»*  hIiiiiI  and 
aiitiTiorly  sitnati-d  Vfiitriil  Iiiih.  In  irihoiiii  tin-  t-yc  in  Hiiiallcr,  and  Ironlal 
width  gri>atiM-;  thi-  piH'lural  rays  are  Itranrdiod,  in  tin-  [iri'sent  Mpi'cirs  sim- 
ple, In  richiirdaonii  the  vi'Ut  in  said  to  hr  thi^  UK'diiiii  point  of  diat&ncK 
filial  till'  mu//,b'  til  the  raiiibil  tin;  liiTi-  it  in  miirh  nciuiT  the  iiiuzxle.  In 
foi/naiuf  vfi'  arc  iiifoniicd  tliiat  thr  anal  lin  iui^  n  mori'  poNtvrior  ponition. 
The  length  of  tho  lu>»d  L-*  rontuiaed  3  times  pl«»  1  orbital  di;uueti'r  from 
riu!  of  roiixiilo  to  bjiso  of  caudal  tin;  said  diam<'1i"r  t'ntiTu  i\  time's  length 
of  lusul,  and  in  i  greater  than  int«-nirbital  width.  The  bead  it*  slightly 
eiintructed  laterally,  and  uut  ho  deprexsed  an  in  C.  atvordii,  giving  tho 
orbitM  leHS  vertical  range.  One  prenperenlur spine.  ImuM'tion  <if  peeli>r:iln 
i>hiii|i(e,  rays  undivided,  reaeliingitnii.s  and  atiteriiir  rays  of  Keeoiid  dorRal; 
veiitralH  helinv  iniddle'  nf  pettinul.  iiiKertion  in  advunee  nf  dors.-il.  extend- 
ing halfway  to  vent.  Wiillh  of  istlmiuf  ei|ual  fioni  Imrderof  (elui»t.>(()  pre* 
nntxillury  to  nppusite  hinder  margin  of  ])U}til.  Dorsal  ontlim-  low, 
regularly  deweendiiig  to  near  end  of  wt'oti<l  dor«al.  Greatest  depth  enters 
"j  times  from  end  of  mitzzli-  to  base  of  eandal.  I<iiteral  line  disappears 
between  middle  and  end  of  caudal.  First  dorsal  low,  llrst  ray  f  of  second, 
third,  and  fourth;  anal  begins  opposite  fourth  ray  of  seeonddoraal.  Caudal 
lin  rather  small,  rays  once  divided.  No  Iraee  of  palatine  teotli.  Above 
brown,  below  yellowish,  everywhere  densely  piinctiilat'ed  with  darker, 
except  between  the  vent  atid  anterior  to  ventral  fins;  dorsal,  eitiidal,  and 
pectoral   titm   barred;  anul  yellowish;   bams  of  vandal  imd  dorsal  spots 


•Dr.  B«wn  rwonts  a  flsli  from  TorV  Fiieniry,  Ilailaori  Bay.  undftr  the  cami-  Vranidnt 
tliilnia,  Cnpe,  "  D.  IX,  18;  A.  12i  V.  1,4.  I)u«  nJMHMim'ii  innaiiiirin);  4  iiirlii's  wltliuuL  tail, 
wliU'L  in  wanting.    Vumcriuv  tmlb  iinly."    (U«uu,  I'ruc-,  L'..S. KaC.  Uii«. Ibtll,  127,) 

30aO 4(i 


1962         BttUctin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


bla<-kiHli;  large  lateral  niuixl  Hpot«  of  the  Huino  color  sometimes  in  7 
or  fewer  ero8S-liar8.  Length  3  inches.  Several  specimeuH  from  Grand 
Rnpids,  on  the  Grand  River,  which  flows  into  Lake  Michigan."  (Cope.) 
A  little-known  species  appanMitly  dose  to  Cottu»  bfldin^i.  On  the  tyx>es 
of  this  species  we  have  the  following  notes:  It  has  now  no  evident  teeth 
on  the  palatines  and  the  ventral  rays  are  1, 3.*  The  skin  is  smooth,  and 
the  preopercnlar  spine,  although  prominent  and  directe<l  upward,  is  not 
hooked.  The  spots  on  the  body  are  less  sharply  detined  than  in  Coitu* 
rieei,  with  which  Jordan  &  (Hlbert  first  identified  it.  (Jordan,  Cat. 
IMsh.N.  A.,  111.)    (antAmroi,  spottcid.) 

Uranidea  i]Htota.  Copk,  Prac.  Ar.  Nat.  Scl.  I'hlla.  1865, 182,  Grand  River  M  Ormnd  Rapids, 
Mich.;  JoBUAN  ii  GlLBKBT,  S.Ynupiiis,  SM,  1883. 

iS84.  COTTI'K  MilOPOXl'S,  GlDwrt  &  Kvermann. 

Head3i;  depth  5^.  D.  VII-17;  A.  12;  P.13;  V.1,4.  Eye4^;  snout  3^; 
iuterorbitiil  width  7i.  Least  depth  of  caudal  peduncle  about  eqaaling 
length  of  snout;  interorbital  space  very  narrow,  much  less  than  diameter 
of  eye ;  month  small,  niaxillarj-  reaching  vertical  from  middle  of  eye,  a 
wide  Htrip  visible  laterally  in  the  closed  mouth.  Preopercnlar  spines 
entirely  absent,  the  preopercnlar  margin  evenl,v  rimnded  throughout, 
without  prominence,  and  without  the  lesist  trace  of  a  spine.  Vomer  with 
a  very  narrow  band  of  teeth :  palatines  naked ;  skin  wholly  naked ;  lat- 
eral line  complete.  Dorsal  tins  not  joined  unless  at  extreme  base;  fins  all 
low,  the  pectorals  barely  reaching  front  of  anal  under  third  ray  of  second 
dorsal,  its  last  ray  under  fourth  from  last  ray  of  latter.  Free  portion  of 
caudal  peduncle  (behind  last  anal  ray)  Ij  in  head ;  portion  iK'hind  base  of 
last  dorsal  ray  3  in  head;  neither  dorsal  nor  anal  reaching  base  of  caudal 
when  deiire»8<>d.  (/'olor  in  alcohol,  head  on  sides  rather  finely  vennicn- 
lated  with  light  and  dark;  plain  \\hitiHb  below;  not  coarsely  spotted  or 
blotched  as  in  C.jtiiiloniiiii;  dorsal  bars  indistinct:  2  narrow  black  lines 
downward  and  backward  from  eye;  :in  evi-nly  convex  dark  bar  at  base  of 
ciiudsil;  dorwiil.'*,  pectorals,  and  csiudal  faintly  cross- barred.  Length  about 
3}  inches.  Upper  Little  Wood  Kiver,  .'^lioshoue,  Idsibo.  Closely  relutt^d  to 
Vottiitphilonipt,  but  remarkably  distinKuislK-d  by  the  lack  of  preopercnlar 
spines.    (Gilbert  A.  Evennann.)     (Ae/o?,  smooth;  ;rft>/<a,  opercle.) 

Vvllut  Inopoiinu,  (tiLBEKT  ic  EVEKMANN,  Hull.  T'.  S.  FiHli  Comm.  18SM,  203,  pi.  20,  Upper 
Little  Wood  River,  Shoshone,  Idaho.  (Type.  Xo.  433t!9,  U.S. KaLMua.;  Cotype, 
No.  1151  L.  S.  Jr.  Unir.  Mus.     Coll.  H.  11.  Kinsey.) 

28:}.-..  COTTrs  I'BIXrEPS,  GilUert. 

Head  3i  to  3^  in  lenjrth ;  depth  5  to  5*.  D.  VI  or  VII.  21  to  23.  A.  16  to 
IS;  V.  1,  4 ;  P.  IT).  A  slender  form  with  small,  n.-irrow  head,  which  is  nearly 
quadrate  in  cross  section,  the  opercles  and  checks  being  subvertioal,  the 
greatest  width  of  head  but  *  or  J  more  than  its  depth  at  occiput.  Month 
small,  obli(iue,  the  gape  slightly  curved,  tlie  maxillary  reaching  a  vertical 
crossing  eye  in  I'root  of  pu]iil,  2,'  to  3  in  head.     £yc  e(iualing  snout,  4^  in 

-  TliiH  in  perhnixi  an  error  iu  our  notvH.  The  typ<'  eiin  uot  now  be  found  in  the  collec- 
tion iit  IMiilnileliiliia. 


Jordan  and  Ei'crmann. — Fishrs  of  North  Ainnica.      1963 


hetul.  Teutli  niiuiII,  iiiiironii,  in  iiiirrow'  IuiuiIh  In  the  Janvb;  vomer  with  u 
imrrow  patrh  ;  {iiiliitiii<-r<  i^niontU.  KycR  Humll,  Kcpnriit,*>(l  by  n  narrow,  lint 
iuteinpact".  as  wiiii'  :is  jiiipil.  ^[:l^gi^  «!' i«ieo))ernle  nvoiily  rounded,  witb- 
<»ut  divi'lojH'd  Hptiie.  II  iiiiiiiiti'  miiiiouH  i)oiut  HomotiinoH  <)<'<upyiu{i  th" 
jHwitioii  cif  tlip  DipjuT  prmiporciiliir  spiiir- ;  open-le  without  spLie;  tubes 
nnrt  porpH  cif  heatl  extriiordiunrily  iliiVclopRd,  A  seiie«  of  f!  \ery  large 
[Htri'H  arruss  cljt^fk  luid  cm  lowvr  <a(\\iv  of  picnrldtnl ;  :t  l:ir|{e  iiicdiuu  pf>ro 
at  syiupby^iii),  atid  a  seiiea  of  7  um-iipyiiiK  wiid>  iiuiimh  iiud  n\1t>u(tiii(j  oiit<i 
edge  of  preopi*r<le;  similar  sonif^wluit  siiutllLM-  pores  fDriii  thi>  siijtruorbital 
aeriea.  ltrntit'bio8tef;:ilN  d.  (jill  iiienibrHiifK  tiroiidly  united  t*i  thKiHthuiiis, 
without  free  lohl;  utt  pori"  hehiiid  last  jrill.  Doruiil  mid  anat  (ins  very 
Iiinjf  and  low,  the  dorsal  spluva  very  sli-odpr,  thr  uoJrli  xballow  between 
spiiioiiii  iiud  Huft  portioDrt;  pectnralK  ruiii'liiu-;  licyotKl  Irniit  of  anal;  vpu- 
trtilH  uBUiillv  to  vent.  Abotit  J  of  our  spt'cinitsii*  liav©  the  bnok  an<l  aiilea 
coitipletely  iuvesteil  with  iniiiutt<  (■los(<-Rt>t  prickltw,  tht>  head  and  lielly 
and  II  narrow  area  uloii);  biinc  ol'unnt  iiiikcd;  ciiudul  p«dnn*.'le  also  uaked 
in  varyiun  drjjr<t'.  In  the  reiiiiiiuing  lUird  (possilily  inulcs)  the  btKly  is 
.smooth  except  for  a  poMtiixiiil  band  of  prickkva,  and  in  I  Kpuciuicu  theae 
are  absent,  leaviii>t  tho  body  entiiely  naked.  Lateral  line  variously  in 
lioiiipltite,  inteiTnpt*'d  at  soiiui  point  under  posterior  half  of  aecond  ilorsal. 
Color  lijiht  olivo  with  darker  iniirkiuKS,  wiiii;L  luav,  on  tho  head,  take  the 
form  of  verniiciilatiii^j  Hues;  7  iiiiadrate  diiik  Idotehes  alou^  ba.ie  of  dorsal 
tin,  th«.'  lirst  utitt  third  iiMially  niirrnuei  than  tUu  other»,  un  ei^^iltth  on  buck 
of  caudal  pedniitle;  very  distinctly  marked  individnala  show  ii  aeries  of 
blotches  iilouK  uiiddleof  midea,  whieh  may  be  conntMted  with  Iho  dorsal 
acrinH  hy  broad  diiaky  barH;  doraal.  rnudiil,  and  [H'Ctoral  with  faint  bars; 
veutralK  and  anal  unmarked.  Wo  anbjoin  table  ui  tju  rays  in  \'l  speci- 
iiiena: 


•llltlMI. 

Doranl  myn. 

AuaL 

PMtanI,    1 

TI.  1  VII. 

U. 

!2. 

4 

n. 

11. 

IT. 

18. 

U. 

15 

tjperiniMUB ....... 

S 

• 

7 

I 

S 

7 

S 

1 

II 

Nunieroiia  apetdniena  were  obtained  in  ahallow  wuter  along  the  shore  of 
lTppi>r  Klantatb  Lake  on  :i  bottom  of  tine  aedinient  and  vet;;etable  di^bria. 
This  dtlfers  widely  fnim  any  other  e|)e<-iea  of  Coftiif  in  the  very  ujtrrow, 
slender  form,  the  lonjr  lins,  iiud  ejipeeially  in  the  oxtremo  development  uf 
tfao  mnroiiH  tubua  and  poroa.  Klamath  Lakua,  Oru^on.  (Gilbert.)  {priit- 
re)>»,  chief.) 

CntluJi  printepi,  Gn.DEHT,  Riill.  tT.8.  Fiiih  Comm.  1807.12,  ttciire.  Upper  Klamath  Lake, 
Oregon.    (Type.  Xo.  4«37.    Cull.  Qlllmrt,  Crauior,  and  ( )Uki.) 


730.  URANIDEA,  De  Kay. 

I'ranidta,  Vf.  Kjiy,  New  Ytirk  Kitiiiia:  fifiliL'.-i.  61,  1842  [fjuifKrnt=ffrocHut. 

This  genim  ia  very  close  to  Coitus,  from  which  it  differs  in  the  rtHloction 
of  itK  venlr.tlH  to  a  i-mieeiilecl  apitie  and  3  Hoft  raya,  a  atep  further  in  th« 
deKCMierutiun  eharai'toristic  uf  freah-water  lypea.    The  akiu  is  smoutk,  ur 


1904  Bulletin  47-  l^»ited  Stales  National  Musrum. 


vt^ry  nMtrl.vao,  tti6  ]>i-«iipiirciilAr  HpincB  flTDSII.Knd  tlierc  id  iiNtinIK  no'.t  , 
of  t4'<'tb  on  the  ]>:il;ktiiM'«.     C«il<l  streams  iiiid  Bpriiijis  of  thr  L'niUTii  S:^i'  - 
ttiiin  New  Eii);laiKl  uikI  tbo  (iri>iit  Liikee  to  the  Pacific  Coast.     (at)pa»w{. 
»kv ;  u6ov.  I  look<-d;  «.  t,  stargazvr.^ 

a.  Fultiiiiiw  Willi  iwth. 

fr.  Uuitiul  VIU,  IS,  |ir<<<i|irr<'lf<  •rniptl  -nlili  4  •jiint*.  Ui»  longest  about  t  In  r)r 

leoat  ilejitli  ot  luiitlt'l  pMliini'lr  13  in  louinh  of  IkkIj-.  na>pcim.  2M 

Ml.  DutmI  Vt,  10.    ■•mi|M>ri'lr  with  u  niDgle  abort  ajituoi  leskt  <l»|ith  of  andal 

jHMltiiinle  Rji  iu  Iftif^tli  uf  bwl^ir.  UUBaBitttT 

oa.  TalMluco  toiithlMMi. 

«.  Aoul  ravH  14  or  Vt;  Onniil  o|>luvs  7  or  •• 

4.  PrroiMTviititr  Kiiiim  atiurl,  lilnatixli ;  llmtiloimol  iIbj-V,  with  p«la  aMrgia 

MABatLHATA.  ;:;V!» 

dtf.  PrvOlMvrciilttr  sjilue  wiill  <I(!v<-1u{m9i1.  broad,  ratli«r  abarp,  curveil  U|«rml. 

TitiTt'ia.  SD». 

««.   Anul  niyii  \'i.  or  11. 

r.  Proupi-rviiUr  •piiiu  cnrrcMl  npwani  more  or  lea*  alirw|iU}-. 
/.  Htuiil  liirg;n,  about  lt(  iu  leugtli. 

3.  Mi'Utb  Kiiiall,  Die  mnxiUiini'  liareljr  rvarhUij;  luul  frtMit  er«^ 
|H-«tiirii1>>iiliurl,  not  n-at'liiii);  anal;  pri<4i|inrT?utar  aiilncakocl. 
buukMl  iibruptly  upwuril.  iMMly  very  mbuat. 

ntaKicum.S4* 

gg.  Moulh  lurser.  tbe  iiiKilllNr)'  n'a>.'lilnii  mjilflle  of  ey*;  pactorab 
naiiully  roorbinjc   |ia*t   frout  of  OQol ,-   pre(>|KirVQlu>  a|>t» 
ntuilUali,  litllc  hnakml. 
h.  First  doraul  lu'urly  aa  btgh  a*  aeronil ;  anal  prlrkly. 

Kl.-MLIK?CI1.33il 

M.  Firal  doraal  much  lowrr  iban  apcoml ;  n\\\  nut  i>rt«klT. 
ao  for  a>  knuwn :  pttcturula  tarUblii,  uaually  Iuuk 

viRAi  ti4iv  :::<4r 

/.  Head  Hoiall,  4)  in  length.  ri^KNOt'A  SUl 

tt.  Prropiirt-tiliu'  >i|ilne  Hliur|i.    nearly  nlrnicbt.  dlmvlcil  backwanl    tkCu^ 

farther  thaa  ii|i«ard;  hi-ud  uarruwisl  fiirward.  uori,] 


S8M.  IHA.M»EA  HF..MIIUi:i  (Iteau). 

Hiiiti.  liiiwloRalH  6;  D.  VIII,  16;  A.  12;  V.  I,  3;  F.  IS;  C.  15.  Th«  loiiirtJi 
iif  tL«  typi*  is  2.7  iDches  f6!l  tiiiii.)  tn  the  l>:i.i«i  uf  tht-  cmiiiIiiI.  The  ^n^■tlrHl 
Ix'i^bt  4)f  tJio  liutly  ut  llit^  nriKin  i>f  tli«  dorsal  imiuaIr  its  greait^at  %rf<lili 
•ivrr  thf  ImHf  of  tlio  pnctoraU,  mid  ih  coutiiiiinl  iionrly  t  ttiiH-a  in  it«  Ititii^tb 
withunt  ruiidul.  Thn  Itia.'st  liciKlitof  the  tiiil  ih  i^  of  the  loiiKtli  without 
OKudiil.  Thu  luiifflh  iif  the  middle  citiidal  rnys  is  contained  44  ttnies  in 
the  length  nf  thu  Inxl.v.  Width  of  the  uiuiith  o<|iial8  \  the  leiiKtb  of  the 
head.  The  niuxillary  extends  a  little  behind  tlu-  fniut  margin  uf  thr  mxt. 
1'hc  snout  \%  lis  loii^  !«M  the  eye.  The  distance  between  the  eyes  ia  let* 
(hull  (heir  dianiet«r,  and  i8  contained  5  tinien  in  the  leu){th  <>f  the  hc«i|; 
tb)!  diiiiiieter  of  the  eye  4  ttuitw.  The  leu((tb  of  the  lower  jaw  equala  i 
the  leii^lh  uf  head.  I'r(.'0]Kvrcuhnii  armed  with  1  spinrji.  the  litr^i«t  »l 
the  1111^11%  iiiid  ia  atniiit  \  as  long  M  tlio  eye;  the  3  ant«rior  on<-i)  are  very 
Mniall  atid  bi<lden  by  the  skin.  The  dintance  of  the  Hjiinous  dorsiti  frotn 
the  KUiiut  iM  J^  (if  the  length  <if  the  body  ;  the  lenjjth  of  the  loii|;e«t  »|dn« 
uf  the  lirat  dorsal  is  uboiit  ^  of  thai  of  the  head  iiud  aboiu  \  of  the  lont;r«t 
dorHiil  ray.  Tin-  lon^xest  durital  and  anal  rays  are  ei|ii»l.  The  length  ■»f 
the  anal  butte  aliuoHt  e'jualBtbe  length  of  the  LtswL     The  length  of  tb* 


Jordan  and  Evennann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      19(i5 


soroml  dorsal  litise  in  a  little  greutcr  tliiiii  the  leiijith  of  tho  liead.  'Hio 
pectorala  r<-ac)i  tn  the  (>ri);iri  of  Llio  auiil:  vcutrtiis  iln  not  rencti  tn  tho 
vent.  Vomerine  nufl  ]ialiitiDO  lectbi  [►row.-iit.  Skin  Hmooth.  Cijlur  uui- 
forui  dark  lintwu  abuvi^,  li};lit«ron  Lhe  tlirnat  and  belly.  (Mean.)  f'uMtern 
Ore-j^on  uikI  ixtrtlieiii  Idalio,  in  tlio  ('oliiiiilda  Biuifi.  ("I  take  iilfMHiin-  in 
d«dicatiii>j  tliia  hiujoSch  to  Cupt.  CiiurluH  E.  Hotidire,  nn  I'xcellent  i-olloi'tor 
and  oliMcrvor,  who  hii-s  conlrilititt'd  so  nnicli  to  tho  Museum. "i 


rolatnurnlliu  benrliiri,  UkaX.  i'rw;.  V.  S.  Nal.  Min.  1881,  Si, 

fTyjw.  No.  24196.    <?«I1.  ('apt.  Clni«.  Ilondlm.) 
(VaMufra  bmdini,  JoKOA.N  ■Sc  UlLBlcnT,  SynupHin,  696,  I^K.'). 


Walla  Walla,  Washington. 


S887.  IKAMItKA  (IHKKNKI,  (Illben  &  Culror,  MW  apcolM. 

Tli'iwl  3^  in  li-njj'tli;  dvjith  U;  eye  HJ  in  head;  Hnoiit  HJ;  iuterorlntol 
wiiltli  (bone  <>nl.v)  !•;  ruuilol  jiedunclo  very  derji,  it«  least  iltt|ith  2\  iu 
head.  iKn-Nai  \'I,  Ii>;  luiiil  12;  pectuiul  U  or  I'l,  veutriil  l,X  Head  broad 
with  roinidi'd  i)r<ilile,  viewi'd  iViiin  aliovi-,  tin-  snout  ami  itili'mrhital  ri'f,'ion 
sliglitly  convt>x,  tlio  occiput  llat  or  HliKlitly  coikmivi".  Month  larjio,  hori- 
?iint:il,  thf  niaxillnry  fxtcmliiig  na  tar  buck  u»  vertical  from  toiitur  of 
pn[iil,  2i  in  hi-ad.  Vomer  and  pahitiuea  witli  liroaJ  Uaud.s  of  ti-oth.  A 
ain^le  preopemihir  sjdnB.  rulhtir  Hkurt,  ilirertrd  souiywhat  ol>h<|iiel_v 
upward.  Lat<Tal  litH!  iniiim[deti',  euJing  under  liftei;iith  my  of  Bf<'oiid 
dorsal;  a  Btuall  jiatih  of  prickb-s  lifhind  the  axil,  and  a  ft^w  alonj,'  Imso  of 
Hi-cutid  dorHnl.  i^piDoiis  dorxiil  liif;li,  its  lonKent  ttpiiiK  rxvcediut;  length 
of  Nuotit,  'H  in  head;  luugi'at  my  of  Hi^cond  dorsal  about  '/  in  head:  lH.<4t 
dorsal  epine  joined  by  iiieuibrain'  to  base  of  tirxt  ««ft  niy  ;  lust  dornal  rays 
reaching  with  t?i<-ir  ti]i«  to  bagi'  nf  taiiiliil ;  potiirals  rearhiiigto  or  heyund 
viTliciil  froDi  fust  aiiiii  ray;  pertnral  rays  all  unbratK'he<l ;  veiitr.ils  unl 
t|Uit<-  ri-arbing  vint.  Olive  broAvn  abovt*  iniil  on  sides,  li^jht  below  ;  2«liort 
dark  barn  iiud<T  spinoutt  dor»al,  both,  or  tlio  liinder  od>-  ouly,  continued 
upward  to  form  a  black  blotch  on  the  fin;  a  conapieuuuH  dark  bur  under 
anterior,  and  1  iiiider  jtoxtorior  third  of  Hwond  dorsal,  with  a  shurter 
faiulftr  one-  midway  between  them;  a  vertical  bar  at  base  of  raiidii! ;  area 
beb)w  lateral  line  with  a  xeries  of  H  or  7  vorticiilty  oblong  dark  blotchcH, 
more  or  leas  di.Htiiictly  coiillucnt  at  the  upper  liiitiu  to  furni  a  wavy  stre^ak, 
which  is  also juiued  by  the  darker  niarkioKH  of  (he  back  ;  a  blackish  streak 
at  ba»e  of  pectoral;  seeond  dorsal,  caudal,  aud  pectiirala  rather  broadly 
cross- barn-il  with  dusky;  ventral^  audi  auul  cidorless.  Leii)^h  ^  mm. 
This  apei-Jes  is  characterized  by  iU  .-fLort  .npinous  dorsal  and  its  very  deep 
caudal  peduiieli'.  Snake  River  Ha-'iri,  hhiho;  only  the  type  known.  Typo 
locality,  Thoiis]UL<l  Springs,  Snake  Itiver,  Idaho,  neannonlh  of  .'Salmon  Fall 
Kiver.  Collected  by  V.  11.  (lilbert,  C.  W.  (Greene,  and  K.  OtakI,  August  9, 
1894.  ("Namud  for  I'rof.  (itarles  Wilson  <ireene,  of  Stanford  Univoraity, 
to  whose  energy  was  due  intieh  of  tho  success  of  the  eKpodition.-^) 


S1I88.  I'SAMIlEi  MAR«iI.N.tT.(,  Ilcan. 

Branchlostegals  6:  1>,  VII  or  VIII,  Ix  or  19;  A.  U  or  15;  V.  1, 3;  P.  IS  or 
14;  V.  11  or  I.').  Head  broad,  slightly  d<'pres«ed,  its  greatest  length  eoii- 
tallied  a  little  more  than  It  times  iu  length  of  body  withoat  caudal  (4 


1966         JiuikUn47,  UniUd  Statts  National  Museum. 


thn<!8  in  tot:»l  li-nfftli);  distanri-  from  tip  of  snont  t«)  cyp  eqanU  length  of 
<>yi',  whi<'h  is*  -1  in  1j<';\<I.     Vt»nii-riiit"  tw<th  prcsi-ut;  iioiif  on  the  palat iDt-n. 
ll<i<ly  stout  iiiili'iiorly,  iiioilfniti'ly  coTiiprt-ssed  pi>8t6iiorJy,  its  hrii^ln  at 
orijjin  ul'f'irHt  iltirHal  ciiu;!!  tu  itH  widtL  iit  tlii'  Katiio  ]ilaci*j  and  contsiufd 
4  j  tiiiics  in  It^ngtli  «f  )>o)iy  without  ciiiidtil;  the  leiist  width  of  the  candal 
l»e4luMi-le  IcHS  than  \  its  height.    The  (lixtanre  lM'tn'i<«ii  the  cyr^  <»]naU  \ 
of  tlivir  luii^  diiiuii-ter.     Th^  iiiuxilhi  exteudM  to  the  vtrti<-al  tfanmjjh  the 
piid  of  the  anterior  third  of  tlii-  orhit.     The  prfopcronliuii  hats  a  tthort^ 
liriiail.  ratlier  hliiiit  8piiu>  nt  it«  tingle  ami  a  much  Boialler  oni>  un  itn  low»r 
liuib;  hctwi'iiii  tlji'Si.'  2  tin-  iiiiirgiii  in  «onie  spoeinii'nH  is  crouulatcd,  aoinf- 
titiic.H  foniiiii;,'  an  adilittoiiiil  Idrint  H]>iiit>.     The  preopcrciilar  spineii  are  sj) 
hiddt'i)  ntidiT  the  Bkjii.     Th<'  ilisOuici'  of  thi-  (irst  doi-snl  from  the  snout  i» 
contoiiM-d  'l\  tiiiii'H  in  IcHgtli  of  hody  without  ruiidal;  its  Innije^t  8pino  i^ 
\  US  loiin  !iR  th<>  lieitd ;  the  lougth  of  it«  l>,i8<<  is  containrd  5  timcK  in  Irrkj^b 
of  liody  -without  ciiiidiil,  li  tiinos  iii  liitJii  liMii;th ;  the  lougth  of  the  «ecotid 
doraitl  1i;»Mei  is  \  of  tcitiil  li'iiimlli.     Tl.c  h-iip;th  of  the  aual  ha«('  in  \  of  leugth 
without  cautlni.    The  lon^^th  of  the  vriilrai  ih  contained  from  (>to<H  tiiuc« 
in  the  total  lengtli.     'llio  Icii^jth  of  the  pfictorni  \*  \  of  length  of  l>od/ 
without  cumUil.     The  colorH  Luve  faded,  liiit  the  gronnd  color  »c<-ins  to  Ih- 
ploiiilteuiis,  willi  orc:i«ioii:il   Itlotrhea  of  darker;  the  liiia  are  niorti  or  Irs* 
dirttiiietly  pmictiilated;  tin-  tirNt  dorfal  is  darker  than  the  ImmI^  and  ha* 
a  distinct  wliite  margin.    (  Bean.)    Kaatem  Oregon,  iu  the  Columbia  Kiver 
hiuiin.     Well  iliatiiivrni^ht-d  from  related  uperies  by  its  long  anal. 
Gilbert  Si.  Kvernijinit  have  tlte  follow  iii^  notes  on  this  Npecieti: 
Six  Bmiill  s|><'riim'ns  from  Mill  Creek  at  Wnlla  Walla  (the  type  locality 
of  mnriiinntiia)  «j;ri-e  with    IVe.an's  ileseription  and  difter  from  all  otbrr 
western  sjfei'iiuens  of  i'utlun  whii-li  we  have  seen,  in  having  but  3  Miftrar* 
in  tlio  ventral  fins.     So  far  as  can  lie  aseertained  from  onr  very  inimatnrn 
spe'iineno,  wni  r(i)ifi/««  stroiitjly  re.Ht-inbles  pirplijrun,  with  wliieh  it  acTww 
in  liii  rayH,  Tiaked  nkiii,  the  i]i(-om]>lete  lateral  line,  and  the  abaenre  of  the 
palatine  teeth.     Coliiig  pcrplexMii  lias  constantly  4  soft  rays  in  the  voutml 
fins,  and  other  dilleronces  may  appear  when  compared  with  adult  8|>eoi 
mens.     In  our  speciiiiensof  mufiiiniilim,  the  aims  varies  in  position,  l>eing 
sometimes  nenrer  base  nl'  eaiuhil  tin  than  snont,  sotnetimee  nearer  anont. 
Twenty-two  small  spefimcns.  collected  by  llean  Ji  Woolman  at  S.tnd  Point, 
Id»ba,  are  for  the  present  referred  \«  this  Hpecie<«,  though  we  are  not  eer- 
tain  that  this  itieiitilieation  is  corrfct.     The  ventral*  Meeni  to  bo  I,  3;  but 
the  body  is  more  or  less  covered  with  prickles.     i,mor<iin»ln»,  edged.) 


Vrnnidra  marginaln.  I{K.iN,  Proc.  U.  5.  Nat.  Mui>.  1881.  2S,  Walla  Walla. 

Clisrieft  G.  Ik-Dilin .) 
Ooitva  marifinatHt,  Oilrert  «  EvBBStANn,  Bull.  TT.  S.  Fisli  Comm.  letM,  aoi. 


(Cull.  rapL 


23a»,  IH.VVII>i:.l  TKXIIS  Kvormanu  &  Meek. 


Head  at;  depth  7;  eye  ii,  in  head;  .snout  4  ;  V.  1,  3.  D.  VI-I,  17;  A.  15j 
vcitiier  with  teetli;  palut{ne.H  tunthleiiH.  He;ul  long,  rontraet«d  from  eye* 
fonvarrl;  MUorit  ratliPT  long;  body  mneh  eonipressed,  very  slender,  gr«at«>st 
width  of  eaad.-il  peduncle  2j  in  eye;  leaet  depth  of  Mune  slightly  gi««ter 


Jordan  and  Evemiann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     19C7 


than  eye;  preoperciilar  spine  well  rleveloped,  broad,  rather  Nlinrp.  partly 
covored  liy  ulsiu,  ^-iirvdil  ii]»wjir(V;  licliiw  tliis  'i  other  8i>iii6.i,  tbe  auterior 
onv  bliuit,  tlio  other  sharp,  ilirected  tciward  Iowit  Imae  of  jinctciriil ;  post- 
temporal  Biilne  wuli  developed,  Body  siuootlj,  wholly  without  priclilpH  or 
8iiile»;  lateral  line  coinjilet*' oxeept  on  Ciindiii  podniicli'.  (*«Inr  ilark  (thovo 
jiiifl  iiri  upper  }  of  sidt-.H,  jialt*  helow;  dorsjil  liiis  barred  with  tteriesof  dark 
datM  or  Idnti-hes;  ciuidiil  siiiittiirly  marked  Unl  nither  diirki^r;  iiuiil  light 
with  a  few  dark  blotcbi-s;  pectonils  same  ns  c:»od»l;  vontnilM  plains  under 
sidi*  of  b<'ad  profiist'ly  covered  with  siiuvM  rotiiid  bl.irk  wpocks;  tiiuciferoiia 
pores  on  hoiid  well  dcvidiipod.  KhiiDath  Liik<»«,  Oroj^on.  IJeMides  tlio 
Bpooinn'ii  d<'Hcribed  ul>ovo  wo  hiivt*  2  olUeru  of  the  Hiiiiit?  slender  Ntyle  from 
t'tdtcnti  Ufty,  Upper  KliiuiHth  Liikc,  sind  iiiiiny  nthciH  t'rntii  the  Inki-  near 
Klatiialh  FuIIb,  tbi'  iiiajioTity  <>f  whinh  ar<?  niiich  HOiallfir  :iiid  b'us  sleudfr. 
The  nh-iidur  ones  are  apparently  entirely  smooth;  :i  ript*  female  3  ii)cbe8 
lont;  butt  u  few  prickles  on  anterinr  part  of  liudy,  while  all  the  snialb'r  ones 
are  pr(>tty  well  oovered  with  siuull  prickles.    (Evertimnn  &.  Meek.)   (UnuU, 

sl('Il(l<T.  ) 

fVanif/ra  f«-nm»,  KvEtiMANN  A-   MmiK,   Hnli.  U.  8,  Fiiih  Cflinin,  1K*7,  8a,  flg.  «.  Upper 
Klamath  Lake,  Klamath  Falls,  Oregon.    {Type,  No.  4K!'J9     Coll.  Mock,!,  AJexsnder.) 

tun.  1:KA.\II)EJI  KRAHKLIM  (AKauii). 

Head  3^;  depth  \\.  D.  VIII,  17;  A.  1:^:  V.  I,  3.  Body  rather  abort  and 
Atoiit;  HDoiit  not  very  ohtuac;  maxillary  r^aebiiig  nltoiit  to  pupil;  eye  4  in 
bead,  twice  the  iiiterorliital  epnco;  prcoperi-iilar  sjiine  liook-lik<>,  very 
luiiite;  paired  Hdh  rather  abort,  the  pm^torulH  not  reiichitig  vent;  lirnt 
doi'Hal  nearly  an  high  ti.H  acrond;  dthraaln  t'oiitignoiin;  itnat  inaert'ed  under 
fourth  ray  of  wcoiid  dnrHal;  caudal  (5  in  k-njith;  lat*ral  line  incomplete; 
vent  iic'uret  base  of  caudal  than  tip  of  Hnniit.  Length  H  inchi's.  Lake 
^^^lperior.  ((Jirard. )  IVrhaps  not  di.stinct  from  Culiu*  iiraeiVtH.  (Named 
fur  .Sir  John  I'Yaiiklui,  the  Arctic  explortT.) 

OoUut  /raukl\ni.  Ai]A.s8i7..  Laki:  Superior,  303.  la'iO,   north  and  eatt  shores  of  Lake 
Superior  <U(>ll,  Jaiix^x  Hall  unci  Loni»  Aiciuuizf ,  (iiRARii,  Mouograpb  Cuttoids,  53, 1861. 
I'raniiUa  Jranklini,  Johdan  A:  UilhekT,  Sjndjmig,  DM,  1883. 

2»41.  UlUMnCA  kl'IIUE:(II,  Hoy. 

D,  VI,  17;  A.  12;  P.U;  V.I,  3.  Body  slender  and  elongated,  its  depth  6 
timeH  in  length,  Hi>ad  larg<>  and  long,  3|t  in  Ivngth  of  body,  itx  width  a 
littK'  more  than  i  its  b'ngth,  its  dr'pth  a  littlr  b'Sn.  Eyi*  large,  'Ai  in  head, 
iibtiiit  e(inul  to  suout,  more  than  twice  int*'rorbttal  wpai-e.  Bawe  of  perto- 
r.ils  creacentie,  the  tin  about  u«  long  as  bi'ad  ;  the  tower  ray.><  ra)>idly  whort- 
eued,  reaching  8<'Coiid  or  third  dorsal  ray,  and  falling  just  short  of  aual, 
fourtii  and  tifth  rny«  longest.  Vfiit  eipiidiNtagit  between  b«m<  of  caudal 
and  front  of  eye.  Mouth  ptetty  wide  and  obiiijue.  the  maxillary  reaching 
to  middle  of  <>yi';  lower  jaw  projeetiiifi;.  No  pabittiie  teeth,  rreopercular 
spine  larg*',  directed  apward  and  backward,  not  strongly  honked.  First 
ilorHRl  rather  high,  J  the  height  of  the  neemid,  tbe  second  hplue  longest 
and  filiunentoni*,  the  If  liiiH  comiented  by  a  nieuibraue.     Caudal  pednnelc 


19G8  DuUeiin  /y,  United  States  National  Museum. 


sleoder.    Caudal  fln  nnrmw,  mare  than  J  Ipngth  nf  head.     Second  dnraal 

mid  unal  liigli.  LuVrrnl  line  disap|ieiiriii^  under  middle  of  maomikI  dortuU- 
Color  xblitwrttU'd,  tritcvB  nf  o  black  spot  mi  Hpinons  d»rHal.  \^agth»t 
Hpecimoti  3  iiiclicH.  One  of  l)r.  Hoy's  types,  in  very  bnd  riin<litii>ti,  exam 
iu<<il  by  IIS.  It  biiit  Knm-ii  soft  in  weak  ali'obol,  :uid  its  remnrkiible  siJen- 
duniesa  of  bo<ly  is  perhiip!*,  iu  part  at  least,  dne  t<>  thin  fact.  Lnkp 
Mii'liigan,  in  ibMtp  water.     (Named  for  A.  L.  Ktiiulieii,  the  umitbulngint.  t 

Vramd.-a  tttmlirnii.  Hor,  NoUun.  Bnll.  IIU. Mn*.  Xnt.  Illst..  Vol.  I,  Kn.  I,  1^6,  il.  L«ke 
Michigan  (Coll.  Dr.  Hoy  I :  Jobpan.  Pnio.  A.E.  Nat.  Sri  Philo.  1877, 04. 


S848.  TBAKIOEt  (JRAflUS  (Hcckel). 

llmd  ^•,  depth  b.  D.  VIII,  16;  A.  12.  Body  rnthor  Blender,  fuKifonn: 
preoptirculnr  H]>ine  modiirato.  concealed.  Mouth  rather  lurge,  the  niaxil- 
lury  ruiieliin;^  tti  the  pupil;  pc'ntoralH  rt;acbint{  front  of  anul;  ventralx 
iibiiiit  to  vent.  Color  olivac<«oiin,  iii<»ttlcil,  iippt-r  edge  of  spinous  dorsal 
red  in  life.  Strennie  of  New  Enirluuil  iia<l  Ni^w  York,  recorde«l  from  tribu- 
tiiries  of  the  ('oiitiei'ticnt,  Lake  C'huiiijil.'iin.  Hudson,  Delaware,  and  8ns- 
<liu>hBiina;  couiuntn;  probably  a  variiilili.'  form,  including  several  of  Dr. 
Giriinl's  uoniinitl  species,  as  Dr.  W.  O.  Ayrefl  vigorously  insisted  in  1945, 
bofiM'e  tbt'  latter  bad  been  described.     {tjrncUit,  slender.) 

Cntlvt  graeilij,  IlE<'KEt.,  Ann.  Wlun  Mu«.,  II.  1839, 148,  New  York. 

Cottintiohio,  AYBBB,  Bost.  .Tour.  Nnt.  HIat.,  V.  184C.  i'JI. 

Vraniitta  ijuieteem.  De  Kay.  New  York  Fsnna:  Flahes,  01. 1842,  Lake  Pleasant,  Adiron 
dack  region,  New  York. 

Oottv  vucofHt.'  Haldeman,  Supii). Mon)a.  Llninca,  3,  184U,  Sutquetianoa  River  (Coll 
8.  8.  HiililcMnauh  GlB.kUD.  Uuuoi;niph  Cottuiils,  SI,  IHSl. 

OotlUf  i;obio<4e»,1  (iliiARD,  T'roc.  Aiiier.  Atsoe.  Adv.  .Sol.  IK*),  41,  aoi)  t,  e.,  5S.  Lamoiltt 
River,  Johnson,  Vermont.     (Coll.  Rausoiii  (^olbixtli.) 

Cotiuiboleoidei.'  (llfLAKV,  I'mi'.  Aiiier.  Assoc.  Adv.  S<i.  1860,  41,  an<{  I.e.,  M,  Windior.  Ver- 
mont (Coll.  E<l.  CalHit) ;  GCntiieu,  Cat.,  n.  \b«,  18«0. 

Cottiu  eopti,  ABUUTT.  Proc.  Ac.  yut.  Scl.  Ptaila.  1861,  16,  uo  locality  glvvo.  iimbalily  New 
Jeraey. 

Co(ru>  ijracilui,  GiRAnD,  Monograph  Cnttoidii,  40, 1861. 

VranUIea  urarilit.  iIordax  &  Gilbert,  SynopsiB,  099. 

Vraniitta  vitcma  .lokOA!*  A  (Jii-hkkt,  !S.vno|i]»i«,  898. 

VraHiJea gobioMt:  Jobiian  ,V.'  Gilubiit,  Synopam, 689. 

Vranidia  loUwidrt,  Joiioan  ic  GluiuiT,  SyDoiwis,  689. 


•  C*rttuM  fiK'ojriijr  i»  IbiiH  rlinractprl/.w! : 

UoadajiulfUittli;  ili-i»tlil|.  D.  VI.  18;  A.  12;  V.I.I.  Body  rntlipmtont ;  in'QeoQsponE* 
on  liHiid  imiinlly  imuier"U<i.  Moiitli  biiimII;  lunxSllnrv  teacliinp  middle  of  cyi«;  |irooperrO' 
l«r  flitluii  ii<;ut*\  exlreaiplv  slmrr,  diri'i-twl  i>blli|iu-(y  upward;  i»tlinnis  riithvr  lurroiti 
flrsl  diirwul  low.  xlifflitly  coniioclcd  « ilti  tteound :  peitoraU  hliortni  than  Ui>ad,  rcarhini:  ••lo- 
oiid  domnl.  Coli>r  olivHctHMiM,  Tiiri<>^ai«d.  Ilie  iiEiinotiH  dorAiU  odgtHl  wttli  os^anjcv  in  lifr, 
fins  niontly  linrnul,  Emtttrn  I'l-iiiisyrvniiinnud  ilnryluiid,  in  tribnlarleavf  tbe Scliuylkill. 
SUHijiieiiuuUii,  utid  J*uU»]iiai'  rivcrr*;  not  rare,  vutLTiug  euros, 

f  Pottttjt  ffnbiGidfs  U  thiiH  dehcrUved: 


Ui'ud  3i:  deiitti  41.    I).  Vll.   17;  A.  12.    Similar  to  Vrniiidtji  ^arilii,  lint  1ar);«r  and 

oni  rolni«t,  till'  month  lor({pr.  rvachin^  to  iM-ymid  the  line  ol  the  pupil,  sud  tli-  pnMoraU 
Kliiirt.  nut  I  null  I*  reaching  lOud :  [irt'oprr«'iiliirspineHt4>tit,  curvoU  fluddeoly  upwarU.  liOOirtli 
4  inobos.     TrIbiitiuiPA  nf  I.akf^  i!'liiiin|)laln.     (Gimrd.J 

lOotttu  bohoirtef  U)  thiin  cliariicliTlr.«l : 

Howl^il,  di'piL  34.  1>.  VIII  17;  A.  11.  Sleud«<r,  anbfniifoTm.  Jfoiitli  rathrr  larK*. 
tbe  maxlilBrynxtKiiilinc  to  opposite  th^  pupil:  prpop»>r<iiliir  spine  arute.  dinmtnl  nblldOMy 
upwards:  islliiniifi  uarniw.  Fins  Inrgirr  Ihnn  in  Aiiy  iitlii-r  hiM-cios;  |i«i  loraU  mtcWtuc 
fourlli  ray  of  anal.    Louctli  3:^  iiicbug.     Couuuctitut  Vulliy  iu  Vomioul.     (tiirard.) 


Jordan  and  Evcmtann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     196!> 


SaiS.  I  lU.MIIKA  rUKMOSA  (rfiranl>. 

Hewl  4i.  I.).VIII-16:  A.  11;  V.  1.3.  Ho<1.v  sleiulor  and  graceful;  hoad 
Hinall,  dcpremcil  above;  i-yi'  iiioderaU-;  prcopcrculiir  «piae  »h<>rt,  xtoiit, 
ficut«-,  curved  npwitrd,  u  Biiiall  apiun  bidow  it;  atibupi-rciilar  s)iino  well 
drvi-loped.  DornalH  \rull  aepttrikti-d ;  aiial  lic'i:;inT)in/^  iindrr  third  ray  nf 
soft  dorsiil;  pfi-torals  not  n-achiuf:  tn  posterior  margin  of  g])iiionR  dorsal; 
vmtrals  not  ueiirly  to  >i-nt.  LenK*'li  3i  inches.  Deep  wati-r  in  Lake 
Ontario.  (Ciiriird.)  A  doubtful  apucics,  known  only  from  1  mutilated 
Hiieuiulou,  tlii-  bond  shorter  thuu  in  VruHtdea  iiracilia.     {/ormonut,  pretty.) 

Ciittiu  />irmo»iu.  (ilR.uiu,  Monogrnpli  Cottoiiln.  S8,  185U,  Lake  Ontario  off  Otvfcgo,  iu 

stoiniu'li  or  TMa  iiuteiiloia.    (I'olLS.  F.  Biiinl.f 
Uranidta  /ormoM,  JOEDAM  ii  GtuiKftT,  Synopiilii,  II6S. 


S844.  IRA^VIDKJl  HOTI,  Pntnam. 

D.  VI,  15;  A.  11;  V.  1,3;  0.13;  the  first  dorsal  low  and  small,  J  an  lonp 
OH  soft  pnrt,  auil  conuRc^ted  tu  it  by  nipnibnim-.  Fins  ull  low.  (Ho}',) 
Body  xiiiall,  rathiT  Hbori  and  thirk,  tho  dL-|ith  about  5)  in  Icn^li.  Head 
9k  in  luuf^tb  to  base  of  caudal.  Eyes  Inrj;)-,  bi^b  up,  and  close  together, 
Abont  cqnal  to  enont,  Sg  in  bead,  3  times  the  intcrorliital  spaco.  Ilvad 
rather  narrow  anil  contrarted;  the  lower  jaw  uarrowi-d  and  slightly  pro- 
jecting. No  palatine  teeth;  maxillary  reaching  aulerior  border  of  eye, 
or  a  littlo  beyond.  Preopcrcular  spiue  proiuirient.  ftharp,  very  nearly 
straight,  directed  hiickwurd,  but  not  strougly  upward,  ItB  fonii  and  direc- 
tion pevuliar  in  tbin  ^enuH.  Ildow  this  is  another  ttbarp,  prominent  spine, 
alao  nearly  straight,  directed  partly  downward;  <>)i«  or  2  minute  <-ou- 
ceuli'd  xpiui-s  still  low<^r.  Istbnins  well  developeil.  reotorul  lina  long, 
longer  than  lioa4l,  reaching  begiiniiug  uf  anal;  ventral  tins  long,  rua<.-h- 
iug  almost  to  vent.  Vent  midway  between  .snout  and  bitse  of  caudal,  in 
the  female  fartbor  bark,  owin;;  to  the  distended  abdomen.  Ventral  rays 
I, :)  (on  one  side  of  earh  specimen  apparently  I.  4:  perhaps  a  soft  ray  has 
li««n  split).  Color  nearly  obliterated.  Lower  parts  profusely  punctate. 
Leugtb  of  specimens  2,';  inches.  Lake  Michigan  in  deep  water.  Female 
sperimen  taken  12  udles  utf  b'aeiiie,  VViACon^iu,  in  V2  fathoms,  .Mine  4, 1K75, 
by  Dr.  Hoy;  tbe  male  ofl'  Milwaukee,  .luie  l.">.  The  s]ieuimcuK  are  now  in 
biMl  condition  IVom  rough  hainlling.  Tbe  female  is  distended  with  ri])e 
eggs,  no  (bat  the  width  of  the  body  is  i  tbe  total  length.  This  species 
seems  to  be  i|nite  distinct  from  ull  tliow  described  by  tiirurd.  The  pecul- 
iar characters  are  the  uiiiiiImt  and  form  of  the  preop<>rcalar  spines,  tbe 
oontract^'d  mi<ulb.  the  large  eyes,  the  small  size  of  tb<>  bo<ly,  and  tbe 
length  of  till*  veutrni  tin^.  The  cbarart<-rs  first  mentioned  are  the  must 
striking.    (Named  for  l)r.  Fhilo  R.  Uny,  of  Racine.) 

Uraniitfa  hoyi  (Pbt.vam  M.s.i  Ntl>ii»,  Bull.  lll«  Mim.  N«l.  TTiiit,,Tol  I.  No,  l,  IBTtl.  41, 
Lake  Michigan  (Coll.  I'liilo  li.  Hoyi^  JouriA.x.  .Man  Vi'rt..::4«.  I>fl6:  JouvkX  A  CoHK- 
UANii,UiUl.Ilnl(..'>ac.Kat..Sci.  1876,41;  Joiu<a>.  Prtic.  Ac.  NaLSul.  I'bilo.  l^TT.CKI:  JoN 
DAjr  Jc  UiLBSirr,  Symopais,  TOO,  lii83. 


1970         BttlUlin  /7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


731.  MYOXOCEPHALUS  (StelUr)  lileaiiig. 

TGRKAT  SCIT-PINS.) 

kaiw,  Stvllbb  MS.  1741. 
Uporoerphaiut,  TlUttlVn,  M*in.  Aoad.Srt  PeUT»b.,  IV,  1811, 2T;i  UUU^rit. 
Acanlhocitttut,  lilBABO,  I*raci.  BmI,  Sac.  Nut.  Hi«t.,  111.  IMtt.  I8.>  (ifrainlauiJimt). 
Cotlut,  IMTMAJt,  Ball.  Mu»-  Camp.  7.oo\.,  1,  No.  I,  3, 18KJ  (icoriniu). 
Jtonoeothu,  RllX.  Proc.  .Ic.  Xat.  Sei.  PbilA  ISSg,  IW  iaxiUarU). 

Itody  «leiid«r  or  robust,  RubtaHiform.  covered  with  tbirk  skiii,  in  wfairb 
ltr(>  aonietiraos  enil>eililed  )>rickly  pInteA;  deciihloiiH,  f^ruhular.  or  BteUAte 
tnlinri-lAA  also  8omi>timc<  present,  but  no  true  Bcalea.  Hi>it<i  lar^e.  Mouth 
t4<ruiiiial.  ):irg>>,  the  lower  j.tw  always  inrluded,  the  iippeniiost  tbe  li>u>;«r; 
villiforni  tt^etb  on  the  juwh  and  vonior,  uone  on  the  pulatiiiea;  nnlturbitnl 
»ta,V  strong;  prcopercle  with  2  strong  strui^jlll  «pinei»  above  diterterl  buck- 
ward,  nud  1  bolow  dir<"ct4Ml  downward  nud  forw:ird;  opercle,  ii«.-»ril  bonm, 
orbitiil  rim,  and  shonldi-r  girdle  mnn-  or  less  armed;  gill  nicni brants  r<>nn- 
iuK  u  fold  ucTOM  the  r:itber  narrow  istbinns;  slit  behind  l:i«t  gill  sinnll  or 
wuutiu};,  if  present,  nulured  to  u  men-  pori^;  vertcbrii>  nbont  2H.  Hrao- 
chioHt*<};al8  uioHtly  6.  Dorsal  tins  ^,  separate,  the  first  short,  its  spines 
ruther  slender;  ventral  rayK  1,  3;  i'na<|:(l  liu  inoderute,  (siu-sb»j>ed :  pec- 
toral tin  broad,  its  lower  ra.ys  procnrrcnt.  Laternl  line  well  developed,  its 
tnbfls  sometimes  provided  with  bouy  or  cartila);iuoiis  plate«,  never  chain 
like  ni>r  retlnct^d  to  Hepuntted  jtores.  8pecie.s  uninerous,  in  the  se:i>  of 
nortbero  regions;  course  litihcs,  little  valued  as  food.  (/it>o«ds  the  dor- 
aiousi*;  MC^nt^Tf,  head;  the  allusion  not  evident). 

AC'AlrrU'>C<>TTl't<  (ixnl'Da,  xpiuC;  <6ttos,  Gaf (lur) : 
a.  To|i  of  honil  rovrrc-d  with  thin,  (inooth  akin,  harlnfc  •  rer;  few  warty  pramlaeBcs* 
or  uoDc,  and  not  hiding;  the  Iwoy  iH-olpibU  ridfcs:  latorst  Una  oaBtlnumis,  wHb 
ronreali'd  cartilaeiDOiiii  ]>lHtt4:  Atlantic apo'^tea. 
d.  Lateral  line  with  regularly  an'Bn|;c<l,  anmll  bony. keeled  platea,  moat  illattnct 
antoriorlj-;  no  atellato  tubrrolos^  a  mimll  cimit  above  ejre.    D.  VIII.  It, 
A.  D.  nniuLLis,  2UA. 

bb.  Lateral  line  unarmtd  or  with  eoD<'ealed  cartllncinun*  platca  or  with  prlekl«s 
which  ar«^  nfft  Vni*li*<l  or  are  nut  roKularly  arranjccd.* 
c.  Anal  liu  mry  nlmn,  n(  10  or  11  ra}'i%  only ;  dontal  rays  IX,  13  or  li;  npprr 
lircoppiTulnr  iipliio  iihurt,  nharp,  nvarly  twU'«  the  lengtli  of  the  naoti 
third  «plnn  dlrei'.te«t  downward  -,  pa  sUt  behind  but  glU.     JKKmiM,  SMi. 
ee.  Anal  flu  of  12  tu  14  r«ya. 

d.  Uppur  pre«|M;rt'iUar  splnt<  muderatts  abont  a*  louK  as  tyn,  sad  ab«M 
twice  leiiitlh  of  noxt  apino, 
r.  Laat  Kill  ar«h  without  alil  ur  pore.     D.X,17;  A.  13. 

K-oanuniaa.  SUT. 

rt.  I.aat  fill  arch  with  a  imalt  xllt  or  pore  behind  It.    it,  X.  IT, 

A    U. 

/.  lutcrorltital  Kimrc  ntirrow,  1|(  In  uyr  In  adnlt ,  npiiioiia  dor* 

luil  low,  l|j«  lnu-:i<iil  (pitic  H  lu  iHidy.         smspira  ZM* 

/.  Int«i'<>rbiul  «pii<-i>  broader,  as  wide  as  ey«:  apiuuai  donal 

higher,  Ifau  loageat  apinr  S  to  7  In  hoily. 

QknCKt.AKDlCVS,  S4*. 

dd.  Fpper  preoiierciilar  npinr  vi-ry  loiiit.  longer  than  eyeu  iracliing  tip 
•it  oprrcalar  itpioc,  4  tlniaa  Irnyth  of  the  aplne  lielow  It:  a 
•  Imrp  poattM-ulnr  iipinn,  and  a  similar  ocripltal  apine;  no  allt 
behind  last  Kill.     I),  IX,  16 ■  A.  14,         0OTOlillctMlil'12l(Nft»,  2IM, 


Htoxoccphalos  : 
as.  Top  of  hrad  cotuwI  with  imall  warty  promlneiiCM. 

g.  Supraocular  apiDe  with  2  or3  ilivnr^iijc  (li);ltat«  rlilgna  behind  it;  alcln  of  top 

of  liiml  thin,  not  concpulini;  Ihf  hony  ttocipitjil  rlilgcn:  lul«ral  lino  c^intiD- 

nana;    uplwr  preopcn'iiliir  iipiiip  hnin.  no  HlcUnt«  pluteii  on  aides  h<'loTr 

I«t«ral  tiiie;  nasal  xpiifs  xharp;  m  cirri  on  hejid. 

A.    tHataniH)  from  supmorhiUI   to  >»-ripil«l    liiliunle  alMint  cqnAl    to   apiicn 

betM'OL-n  aiiprutirbital   lulwrclea;  nnul  ruy»  iiKuiilly  12.  luninhrano  of 

miixllUry  «n(>n>  or  lew  iiiotlled.  phlvacastiioi'rpiialvb,  2351. 

hh.  Distance  from  liiipraorUituI  tit  oriMpitiil  tuhiirric  1^  times  the  diatmnc^o 

brtvroon  anprnorbitjil  tiilimiD.i:    hroil   vrry  lonj;  and   flat:   doraala 

wnll  separattnl;  nnnl  rays  naiially  It:  adult  with  round  roueh  (Ualoii 

aliovD;  tliToat  white;  nieinbrmue  of  inaxillary  un»potted. 

JA<)K,2;i52. 
ff.  Snpraoculsr  spinii  williuiit  digllatp  apinea    licUiud    It;   pn!op«rrulnr   aplnea 
short. 
(.  Warta  on  t<ip  of  lu>iui  not  r>iiilitij{  in  cirri :  Dusal  aplnvs  anil  wcipilal  riilgoa 
not  wholly  cau<'eal<'il  lu  ttio  thii  k  Akiu. 
J.  Skill  of  gldCM  of  lioi-k  iu  udull  r»vi<n>d  with  rcKinil  Htelltilt-  luben-lra; 
sploeti  of  firco!»-ri:!<i  aliurt,  mnr«  "r  Irxj*  lii<I4e(i  in  (lie  akin. 
i.  Siiptnoi'uhir  «pln<>  hliint,  with  a  Ijluut  Itihunlo  behind  it,  thfi 
cirri  aiiiall  or  ohaol^^tA;  cruit4i  modoratAf;  mttl  doraal  very 
long,  of  15  to  10  r«j«.  VKBKrrc P8t7«, rJSS. 

U.  Saprnocnlar  Bpini'  aniall.  Muni,  without  tuhnrvlc  behind  It: 
Buprancnlar  uiid  occipitiil  apini'x  naili  with  n  amall  Hot  cir- 
niH;  occipital  rrvsta  rur;  low;  aofi  duraol  of  15  or  IS  rays. 

AXtlXABls.3a&t. 

Jj,  ^>klM  of  bock  and  sidca  ptirfci'lly  aaiuoth  (esrepl  in  verj'  old  Indl- 

vldunU  whirh  miiy  hiivp  bidden  roiif>li  phitpa  Ijclow  th>>  lateral 

linn). 

i.  <)«elpilAl  I'Ti-Ata  very  low,  almtiat  coneooliMl  by  tlin  thick  wortj 

akin;    liody  rohuai,  thi>  depth  4  hi  li'BKth;   membrunf  of 

upiwrjiiw  H ilh  ahurply  deUued  hlitok  aixitu;  thriMit  nlways 

i>[Hitt<iil ;  auprMSi'iijiuliir  apiiic  ahaip  ;  hiiitiorul  apluo  oliBiiiire, 

m.   .A  pule  bur  at  biu««  of  oiadal  and  I  hi-liind  anal. 

);tru.VBI,236S. 
fmm.  Ko  pale  bar  at  bosti  of  caudul  und  nenie  UdHud  unaL 

MEUKILTg,  2360. 

H.  Occipital  orasts  i4Lrong.  tho  epocv  ImsIwmiu  llitiui  concave.  tb« 

skin  tbinBiiil  with  ruiber  feu  wnrtit:  bixly  rather  alpuder, 

thed«pth  4^  in  k-uK^tb. 

n.  Sides  Willi  rniiiid  whltPapom.  MVosug,2357. 

<i.  WsrtN  on  top  ofhpnd  nnrnt-roun,  nitili  i^Diling  in  a  small  eirrua;  occipital 

crwit«  ohsolotx.  hidilrn  in  thi-  thick  skin:  uosal  apines  also  bidden  In 

the  thick  akin;  proopemitur  apincs  amall,  aluioal  i^ncoaliHl,  the  soo- 

onil  tnliprrh'-llkc:  Bpin4<H  un  aboiilili-r  ^rdle  obaolvie;  hrad  bmad, 

inuulb  largu ;  akin  cutlri'ly  smooth,  color  very  dark.         hiueu,  2358. 

Subgenus  ACANTHOCOTTUS,  i;iranl. 

M45.  lirOXm'EPBAI.lW  BCBALIS  (Enphrason). 

(FATUKB-ukSiiKa:  Lvoicr  PnoAca.) 

rr.rtrtL'ii;  (Iqith  3ji.  D.  VIII,  12;  A.  !l;  vurt*l)r!i'  VJ+M.  Efiaa  broad, 
<i<'|iio.sHBd,  covervfl  with  Hoft  .'<kin,  in  whicli  me  many  iihicouh  porca;  max- 
illary reoehinf;  pnat  middle  of  orbit;  upper  preuptifcuiar  a|iine  straight, 


•lightly  lon^Pi*  t^oi"  eye;  opercular  spino  (rranulated  atba«e:  STiiall  cirri 
mbnvK  cyt"  ami  I'lsewhuro  on  bead,  usually  1  on  end  of  niaxiilnry:  cr»- 
niiil  liiiiiCN  iiKwtl.v  I  uvere^l  by  Hkin;  Iat«r:il  line  with  801110  buoy  plate», 
which  ure  tiiotit  diHtiiict  anteriurly,  tliese  very  iimch  aiuallcr  th»n  in 
linofiliri/ii  hiiion,  hut  soiuowhnt  similnr  in  striicturti;  iiiteio<iilar  space  very 
narrow,  its  ridges  rontiuniiiii;  backwiinl.  f>f<rriited,  each  einling  in  a  Kburp 
spine;  no  trai-e  of  slit  behind  lust  gill:  spinons  durxiil  low;  aiiul  small; 
pectoruU  roueliinn  fruiit  of  aiiiil:  ventriiN  tmideratf.  Colors  varifgat»^l, 
the  dark  in:irkiug«  Honietiines  red.  corrrsponding  to  the  hue  of  r«<1  alpi'. 
CoatitH  of  northern  Kiirope;  abniidniit  in  rnvk  pooU;  said  to  at  ray  in 
Oreeiiltiiid,  but  there  \n  no  sure  eviilrnre  of  its  nncnronL-e  in  any  Anieri- 
can  waters,  1/iitkeu  refers  tlie  GrwDland  roooriJs  to  M.  gcorpint.  (En.) 
(ftovfiakif,  biifTulo.) 

fhnvJi  IniliaUf,  Ki'I-muahru,  K'Wo.  Vot.  N.TH  AlOiandl.  1786,  86,  T»f.  X  flg.  I,  3,  Sweden: 
Ci'NTHEK,  Cat.,  II.  lAt:  Oat,  Fiiiti,  (it  lirll.  In'ljiiid,  51,  I88U:  Joriia!i  &  GlLnRirr, 
SvUup»i^<.  701  ;   ItEAN,  \'t%H.  V   8.  NX.  Mllri.  Igffi,  IIMI, 

Ootliu  warulnlut.  KieoHKit,*  J»hrb.  WMHeimrh.  Au«t.,  HoniliurK.  n,78,  laf.  2,  ll|;.  a,m5^ 
BarbadiM, 

S!M«.  aTOXOC'EPIlALrK  £XRC8  (UiUliUI). 

(ORCBST.) 

Heitd  2J;  dopt.h  4.  D,  IX,  13  or  14;  A.  10  or  11:  V.  I.  3.  Head  n»thet 
broiid,  covered  with  mniuuth  tliin  Hkin;  u<i  cirri;  a  few  vrry  9n>all  warts 
bi'tweeii  ocripitiil  ridges:  tuaxillary  2i  in  bwid,  rrarbing  to  just  IveyoDd 
pupil;  Hti|irai)i'iil;u'  and  ni-c  ipital  ridges  proniinont,  onrh  with  it  low.  blnnt- 
ieh  Hpinc;  th<'  reijion  between  tlio  Hupninrular  apinrfl  rather  convex,  the 
space  liofore  aucl  liehiud  it  euni-ftve;  n;<!<;il  spines  nioderiite;  ajiper  pr»- 
oporcultir  Hpine  ahurter  than  eye,  nearly  twiru  length  of  n«'xt  spine,  uImiiU 
reaching  iiiiddio  iif  ii]i(;rcli'.  Lateral  Hue  coiuplett*;  fach  f>ori'  with  a  con- 
eeiilfd  narliluginon.*)  plate,  scattered,  eonoealed  iispehtieson  skin  of  sidrs; 


'Concerning  tbn  Idenlilv  ot  Cntliit  maculattu,  Flarhor,  vtilh  Acantkueotttu b>tlMiU$,  Vx- 
TarlrtMn  U.  Roan  linn  llie  fiillorriii;^  pcrtiurut  renmrkg: 

"In  a  rrceni  biliiict  fnini  itiB  aiiiisls  (il'llie  SclcDilfir  AmiM-lation  of  Hsti'i  ~ 

fi,  FinoliiT  lioii  (lo«crib<'il  suit  H>.'iuci|  a  »i>(>cii-«  ol  Vvtliii  fnjm  liorbodo*.      1 
orHotHiiu  a  •«iH'(-it>H  nrtliift  ^umifl  wiiliin  tlie  tropica  inilooiMl  inu  to  ex)im!i)' 
lion  very  farcfiilly.  to  a!tc-(rrljiii.  if  poBKihli*,  the  »onrct*  nl'  Dr.  Fi*^h*T  -  • 
1"  no  roii5oniil)|p  ilmilit  thnt  Hio  type  of  Iii»  new  itproityi  1'4  ll»>  iiminii" 
£urii^<.  anil  it  1:^  a  Hniiroe  of  wonffrr  that  tli<«  8iM*rt4«fi  Aboiili)   htx\f»  ht - 
AI'ttT  n  »tu(l}'  cifimr  (•xiiinplrx  of  I'olivi  bvbatif  fniin  Ikni"'"  "nil  I'hn- 
nDil  Li'imIr,  Lu^flanil,  J  !inv(<  no  lioniUitiun  in  BlntiiiK  tli»t  tlioy  agree  i  .o 

d(u*rripliun  jtiiil  It;;iir(' of  t'ottitt  inncvlaUrg.     In  houio  unknown  wav   i  ' 

FidcliBr'n  iip«'i  iiui>:i  liiw  horn  incorrMtly  given,  and  tliui  tlio  dMcrilHi   nl  tli.    sm|,i»i 
now  ep<r<-iea  linii  been  cotupli'tely  miHlfd.     The  ililTfr(>ntinl  clinriu'len  cUlmnl   l>y    DfJ 
Fisilipr  I'nr  foilun  inntulaiiii  do  not  »)TV«  itt  nil  (o  sepiinuo  liit  rtpe<.i»'»  from  <',  <tiNiJ 
TIki  ;irra]|j:<'nii'nt  iinri  Mnmlii<r  uf  tho  npinxit  on  Ili>'  piTnliiTruloni  an-  pri>i  Im-I]    (Ii«  wi 
In  our  o\{iiiipli>!<4  ut  Cttttvs  buttalis  tM  r*^]jTfHfDtvt\  In  tin*  tij;nr«  4ff  C  macithitut.     1  In?  i«  _ 
trnlund  i«it<ii-nl  iim  nut  lonKor  in  oiir»|KH'.iinrn«  lli:in  thry  nn;  inwlr  lo  ipiw.ir  m  tti,.  ftjf? 
nriMif  llic  iiUi-cwl  nc'«  «pf,  it'i,.     Tlio  notion  f<«'in.s  tn  liiivi'gi.i  nl,ri«id  ui 
■       Nortn  All 


ii'|jtl>yo|o);iHta  llmt 


Imcrii'ii  in  II  o>in|>aratlvelv  bvnfulilMl  .ind 


wluMe  uatiinil  liiHlorv'  la  Hliil  In  itn  infancy;  it  in  iwrliBng  ouiuf  lo  tli 
we  arc  ntartl»'<l  tiy  inrormalion  concrmini:  thi'  Miimnmi'^i  oci-iirreiiLH'  of  i''.trn  •    v\  ,i 
tropira,  and  of  »  HiMfiCi*  of  Ptatucf%ihaU!i  in  tli«  Potoinar  Riv»r.     {I'laturryiialux 
CTKUM,  Saiivapp.  Nonv.  Ar<biv.  >lti».  (2»,  pi. '.>.  liR.  :i  <li.Mid  nnlyt,    I'olomar  Kiv.r  )     n 
nionlittle  f'nUiu  inirui  ofMiU'blll  hnHolaolioen  rpdeiicnliecl.  from  aXew  Y<.i 

under  lh«  nainn  of  fncron  (.tcimfAr itiiti  nurrjin.     (Cntlv*  {Icittirhiieiillun 

rage.  Nonv.  Arrhlv.lliiii.  Uint.  Nat..  Purin  (2),  I,  I«7K,  p.  14.1,  pi.  1,  Hg  i:t.)     A"         ■ 

it  will  1w  Hiifo  to  iDtmtil  Lhu  novcltixH  afhnh  diKlribnlion  in  our  loantrv  tu  its  ri:siili]il 

libiliyuluKiata." 


1*1 


Jordan  and  Evfnnann. — Fishes  of  A'orlh  America.      1973 

oorsul  sjiiuvH  nvtkur  low,  higher  th:iii  rln-  solt  ravs;  pedorjila  loachiog 
uDii);  no  tritn-  of  »\\t  ljubiii<l  loot  gill,  (iravitsh  Mlivu,  miioh  varitj^atoil 
with  darker;  no  <listiDi't  paler  ?>jiot»;  Imck  ami  Hides  willi  broud,  dark, 
irrejifular  bam;  all  the  tiiiH  biirred;  mandiblo  inottb'il;  throat  »n<l  bi'lly 
jittle;  iiHMubrane  of  mavilliiry  iinnpotU'd.  LeD^tb  6  to  S  inidji's  (.'oust  of 
•unthcrn  New  Kiighiiid  iiud  Ni-w  York;  our  •uiallest  apccJBii;  L-uinmoii  iu 
Heawi'txU  nciu-  (tborei  but  huviuK  ii  very  narrow  raugc.     {ii-neuii,  brjissy.) 

CvtUtt  imrtis.  MnritlU.,  TiAli».  I.1I  aiiil  I'hII.  Soo.  N.  Y.,  I,  1815,  181,  New  Vorh  .  UciouB  & 

Hban,  Hull.  K-w  x  Inil  .  xi,  i:i.  1*79.  Jordan  4  Oiluekt,  SviioimIh,  7(I2. 
Cutltu  ivurtiio.  Ml  ix'iiiu.,  Trim*  I. It,  iiiiil  I'liiL  Soc.,  I,  IH15.  Ml,  New  York. 
CV((M«  mi'trhi'Ui.  CcviKB  A^  V\LK.vii<..\NEt4.  Hint.  Nut.  1'uU8.,  IV,  IBS.  IStS*.  New  York ;  allcr 

fiitrut  torjtio.  MlTOIIIU.,  (iCNTUKII,  C»l.  FKIl.,  II.  164. 
Vnllfit  \AcnnHocultw)  an€*pt,  &*UVjMB,  Koiiv.  Ar«hlv.  Uwi.  I'ftri*.  (2),  1,  U78,  Ut.  pL  1, 

H«.  1»,  New  York. 
Votluf  aiffriciiii;  I.K  SlRCU.  in  VaILLANT,  DiiU.  Hoc,  PliJIom,,  Mrle  8,  tome  vtll,  No.  1,  IMMk 

12:  uo  lockllt)',  with  aui>ublUlio<l  pluic  nt'  Lk  Slbcii,  1818. 


ntr.  XTOXOl-KPHAMH  NdlRPinillKS  (FBbrit'laa). 

(Aiicnr  Scrxi-itf  i 

He,Ml  3;  depth  4^.  D.  IX  or  X,  17;  .\.  12;  V.  I.  3;  Iat«nil  line  38.  llody 
.ttoutiHh,  tail  sli-udcr.  Head  moderate,  nut  deprujuicd ;  jawa  ithort,  the 
maxillary  rouchiiif;  niidiUe  of  thu  liirirn  eyv.;  lower  jaw  iucliulHl;  top  of 
head  i-oiicavo  between  the  1'  occipital  ridges;  tbi'S«  very  low,  with  obtimo 
tuberclt-s  instnad  of  spinuB,  these  ending  each  in  n  sniall  tc'Dtacl<>,  which 
is  oHeu  obsolete;  pri-'opcronlar  cipini-H  3,  short,  the  u[»p<'r  iMinal  to  eye; 
the  second  about  ^  as  long,  the  low»r  directed  downward;  oi>eri'iilar 
•pine  obsi-nre;  it  short  huuieral  and  a  short  &iipr&rtf'iipiil4tr  spiuc;  nana] 
eipiiuis  Hhnrp;  top  of  head  with  aiuooth  skin.  Skin  nearly  Hinooth,  some- 
times a  few  warts  above  lateral  line.  IsthiuuH  narrow,  the  fold  ucrocts 
it  very  narrow ;  uo  traue  of  alit  or  pore  behind  Itiet  gill.  Dnrsul  tiiid 
slightly  Joiued,  the  apincs  (tlender;  pectorals  reaching  paMt  front  of 
auul.  CJolonitiou,  dark  olive,  (iuely  iu<>tlle<l  with  jialer;  fiu!<  dusky,  with 
paler  spots;  anal  with  2oblii|iie  dark  bars;  a  pale  blotcli  at  base  of  candal. 
iVrotic  regioiiN  of  .Xuierica;  (irccnliind  iMid  neighboring  waters;  coiuiuon 
about  Disco  Hay,  from  which  locality  we  have  niiineroiis  spccimetis, 
n<ceived  from  Prof.  jl'Aroy  \V.  Thojupson  iColl.  Lobmuuu).  (tSMOftTfio^, 
»corpi»»;  eiioi,  likeacss.) 

Cotlat  MOrjn'oirfM,  FADlumrB,  Faana  (irrrnl.,  1ST,  1T8U.  Greenland:  ItBA.x.  Bull.  U.  S. 

NhI.  MtK.,  XV   1.1:  JoRPAN  &  GiLBCftT,  Synoptie,  7u3;  LCtkr).  Aft  Viiluniik.Med- 

il<J».  Kjawnli..  12, 1«T« 
CaHut  foehyjHU,'  OttNTUail,  CAt.  FIsfa., H,  161,  IMU,  Port  Leopold.     iHaalar  Coll.) 


.1: 

■  Imrit  thft  n1)0>it,  ati  nlitntx  ntic  thove  Nirh 

l.^  ....  i|.iil      Tip.    I.i.|.ri'--1 II  (Ii.- tT'j^ii 


*  Gotttta  tnlrhyjiua,  I , 

"M.  IX.  HI;  A.  \i  I. 
orbit,  luiil  11  I'Ulr  i.>f  .  i  ' 

iiwoniP"  tinrn»i«i»r  j»M«|frii'rl\ .  .iiid  13  ii'  '  :■  . 

■|iiiiF»   'J  oT  wlilrli  nn>  nt  tlio  .iiiylr-     tl»' 

■iiHiii.  J.  r  ..r  It..-.  ^,■.  I... I  r.--,  ir,  ,„  m,.  ■■ 

ili.r  , 

K  :;  ' 

llir  I  ,  t 

|*«I><.1.I. 

'  |lof«ri|itinii  iif  till,  eprriiiicii     Tlii'  urcatmt  lioiclit  of  llio  IhhI;  .  in  fmiil  oT  llii'  ilnraui, 
is  i|  in  llio  lottti  IrliKtli:  Itn  ^rvulMl  MiUlli,  U-liliiil  the  |N.<«.>tvriilA,'4  tiuira.    TLo  tail  tajwre 


IS48.  nOXOCEPBilLLim  MCOKPIVM  (Li]ms<ni<). 

(KLB<irE*s  ScrLFiM:  VbKK.) 

HpwI  3i;  depth  4-^.  I>.  X,  IK:  A.  1(.  (i*>iioral  oliHraotprs  of  Afyoj-o- 
eepkaliit  iira-ntainlifiii,  trnui  wliiili  it  ilili'ers  fliiotly  in  thi-  siiinllcr  Kiz<>,  Uie 
iiarriiwcr  iiitci'iirliitiil  Hpurt',  which  in  i  iliniiieUT  nf  «yf,  ami  in  tlic  kiwer 
»piiioii8  iIor.Hiil,  thi'  lii^hi-^t  spinc-N  h<>iii^  ahuot  4  tbf  lenjrth  U>  httsvaf  rint- 
il»l;  |i(ire  bt'liiiitl  laHt  frill  uaiiully  vrry  8inull.  hiit  i-viil<-iit.  Dark  <jtivacr> 
iiiiK,  iiHittli'il  with  pali-r;  liiit- iliiwky ,  with  ]i»lfr  8lH.>t».  NiirHnTli  Huropc 
siimI  Ari'tii-  vu^jitniK.  nut  i-nuiiiiiiii  nn  our  riiuKti>;  rfcor<l«Ml  by  Pr.  Liitkcn 
friim  till'  ttaitic,  FiiilumU  Spilzbcrg-en,  Now  Zt*iulilft,  c«ia*it''  of  Kll^llMld, 
Hixl  Niirthuru  Ania;  riM'urded  (rimi  EaHtport,  Muiuc,  (Eu.)  {6Mo/y*ioi, 
scorpion,  the  mat  of  our  word  (R-nlpiu.) 

rika,  Ln^XMVK,  lu<r  Sr«ud.,32i. 

Cuttu*  Korpiut.  LlXN«i-8,  S.viil.  Nnt.,  Ed.  X.  285,  17B8,  lifter  Iter  Scaud.;  GPirrKBa.  Cat. 

KUhos.  II.  I&9 :  Bkan.  Uiill.  U.S.Nst.  Mum.,  .tv,  1141:    JOKUAN   &   GlUCIIT,    Sy^wpcU 

IVi;  LtLUlBonu.  Sveri^fix  uch  Nurjces  Fiakar,  135.  IWI. 

SS4a.  XTOXOiEfUJlLIS  UBWM.ANHiri'K  (Ciirter  A  Tklenoieiuim). 


(KADDT   SclTLPtK.) 

H<^nd  2i;  depth  -Ji.     P.  X,  17;  A,  H;  V.  1,  3;  P.  18.     Hcitd  larg.;.     Eyr 

liir^e,  rquul  to  leiiHt  iiit<>rihrbit:i)  tviilth  (in  speeuneno  n  fiuit  loiic).  Mouth 
liir^tr,  the  lowiTJuw  iiK'htded  ;  iiiaxiilui'v  reaching  posterior  cdtre  of  orbit 
2)  in  lii'iid;  ilii' .su])r.'iiirbi(nl  iiiidorcipitAl  spines  binnt,  tubf:Trh--]ike.  wttli 
mit  I'iniiN;  a  nihuH  tuln-ntilar  !<|>ine  on  front  of  oofipitiil  riilgr;  upp<<r 
pr<'uj«'rcul:ir  tipitii'  ahuit,  only  r«';i<;hin>;  the  iniddk'  of  opiToiiIar  spiiir,  ito 
loii^tb  i'qiiiilinj{  I'ye,  nut  twice  tliat  of  t\w  Hpiiie  licjow  it;  oporoalarapiu)' 

iiiiich  poetcriorly.  nn<l  ita  b«if;li^  birforv  ttio  cAudnl.  is  31  Itmea  lo  lh«  XaM  length.  Tl« 
hi^nd  iH  rniM)i?rat4*]y  LtrrmO  iiiiil  ileprpABvd.  il.n  li^iigtli  In  M  iu  tli»  total.  Thp  olf^ft  of  Ih* 
iiiuwlli  is  luutti'mtr.  the  iuii.\illiiry  roiicliliix  to  llic  vertii'Hl  fruiu  Ihc  eonler  •>(  Ihv  »je.  thr 
xuiiiit  In  Diit  vrry  i>)>tUM«.  null  I  lie  iippc-r  jun-  All»hllv  oVfihiuiKn  llii<  liiwtT.  there  is  a  naii 

iif  diimJI  (Hiiinrs  hIhiV"  Ilifl  itiiMut.     '1  lin  )i|iur«  l«'tw<st^n  the  lyi*  in  fliichlly  ft '  ii« 

u'lillh  riither  Uioit-  (liiu  tbi<  iKiriumtAl  iliami'tcr  uf  the  tyf»;  tluii-  i-  aii  i,!  r 

aui'r  nhovi'  llir  |«»Ht»'rior  »u>;li' of  (Up  orbit,  Croni  \%hic'li  a  aliylit  ri<l^  i 
(nci|>itul(irtitiilMnuui-;  thoUtti-ri.'i  vnrylitlUi  |>r<iMiiD('iil,aiii1  liirm,»lie<i  will,  -nun  .-^riuuI' 
tt^ijlai'li'.     TIh<  iii)prr,4Hitiii  ln-l\v«-t'U  ihenr.  2  imirn  erf  pnitiitwn'aitf-ei  ia  i<lmllu>v.  aud  iMv^omi  • 
iiarrower  iiofteriorly,  being  riKrlv  twice  ««  long  as  hrond.    Tin-  pnojM^rculiini  !•  xnnol 

Willi  'i  spimii,  2  uf  wliicb  urc  (>p)HwiL(>  ilii'  infniurliilnl,  the  third  b»-iiic  " '    '      •  tht 

iiifcriiir  t-itretiiily  rif  the  1><>B<-,  iiointiiia  ilKwnwnnl.     TheimlK)|ii'rciiliini  li;i 

anterinrly,  ilirtH'teil  ilowuwnril:  Ihroiit  witliuitt  Mjiiiius.     The  ■siinniiM  ilnr .  '   ,, 

tllstntico  I'riini  Ihc  tii^-iil  which  ia  ratlicr  Icma  lliuti  tht*  lon^th  uf  l)i> ..■< 

crown;  It  is  not  rnntiniioiiii  with  Ibc  aoft.    This  fnurlh  »iiine  i»  II  ■  rb 

lieini;  Homewhat  Ich.'i  thiiii  tluiC  uf  I lin  maxillary  hone,  iiiiii  ii  littlt^  1-  'ii<- 

nlutu  ruy.     The  cauilnl  hitfl  the  poHturlur  iiiaruhi  Hli^lilly  cj^dvc:^.  aipi  m-  ,n 

tlio  toliil.     Tli»  Himl  in  ftinncil  by  12  m.vn,  iinil  bcf^iuA  in  tlif*  verlicul  fnini  t  <  .^J 

my,  and  ternilnnlcfi  u  littlfi  liefore  tin*  oppfinitc  lin;  ila  brjglit  tM^naU  thai  '  ;  ,• 

domul.    Tlid  pcctorul  in  coiit|Hmisl  of  14  hiu]|)lo  rii.vn,  mid  n^acljf-A  t''r  *^  -  i. 

allunlrd  nearly  in  the  niiihlb>ol  the  liilul  Icuglh.    Tlic  root  uf  the 
that  of  the  pectoral;  limy  tcrniinnle  at  »  i;r<-»l  "Ili'tBiicc  from  the  vrM 
of  I  "iniiic  mid  3  rav«.    'thn  npinc  is  (>iiv«lo]i«.l  in  the  gauic  nieiiibrain'  »  n  "  i  n--  r.v-i  rav 
the  iiilddlc  ray  Is  tlie  luugcst,  Itiit  and  compicnwd  like  the  Inlerinr.     The  lateral  line  ia 
coDllnuod  to  the  caiidnl,  and  ix  cunipoxcd  of  clnnKitc  lioriy  tnlieH,  'Aft  in  iiunib«r.     Thi* 
■peeiuivn  is  iiea.rlv  entirely   Hinmiih,  exhiliittnc  bi»vfvor."  sonic  Bat  and  scnootli  irart* 
•buve  the  lateral  line :  it  is  n  female.    The  yunng  specimen  ditTepH  frum  llie  ;idiiltODeiD 
havinx  H  anal  rays.     The  oolurs  bnve  somewhat  faded :  the  u|>p<T  parts  ar>-  lin>wn.  wllk 
aomo  darker  spnta ;  lh«  |Mtctoral.  dnriuil.  luid  ciindnl  fills  appear  to  have  liwn  siHittnl,  lb* 
■p«ta  belui;  armuged  iu  iMUiils,  the  luwer  part  oflbe  siilos  witli  several  white  s|iota.'' 


\ 


Jordan  atui  Ft'  rtnurni. — F)\hrs  of  North  .imcrua.      1!)7S 


Hlmrp',  iiiiHiil  siiiiiex  Nii:ii|i;  Kii|iriiMr:i|i)jlii.i'  K|iiii4>  riitlier  atrong.  Bliiirtisli, 
81<le!«  of  liiiilv  ulinv"'  l.-ifiT.il  liiio  with  .-i  8i<rica  of  (•iiilirtltli'd  prirklv  platt'B, 
helow  which  iiri-  naiiKToiitt  HriittiTf<l  spitu^s  bikI  jirirklfs.  Dorsiil  iind  auul 
lina  hi);h;  «]>iiii>UH  (iiid  soft  ilorHiiU  iiUout,  i'(|uitl  in  hi-ighi,  their  hciglit 
iiioi'i'  than  i  IiMi^tb  of  iMxIy;  ri-iilrnlti  loii^:  lM*<'tonilatil»>ut  roM'hiiigvciit, 
Murk  liriiwii  nhuvi',  with  liriinU  tliirkcr  linr!i;  hclow  vcMowJNh,  the  licllv  in 
the inilh*  with  lur^i'  pali'HpotK;  biK'k  nu«l  topof  hviul  witli  Ki^.vi'^)il>h>t4'hes; 
Hub  bruxrii  ami  yrllow,  idl  of  tli<-iu  gpottnl  ami  biirri'il.  Scxiiiii  dif- 
feri'n('f4<  larK«'.  th<'  iiiu)<-h  morn  brightly  coluri'd;  thf  ruund  whitv  npota 
Ktronj»l,v  tuurki'd.  the  fi-iiiiilcs  with  roiiKh  crt'»t8  mi  the  Iil-imI.  I^'Uj;tli  3 
inches.  Ni'W  York  to  •tici-nliuid,  romiiuui;  one  of  the  birKi'st  »>i'iilpinK, 
Hi-r<>  dr8i"rili"-d  from  Bpi'ciiui'ns  (roiu  Cape  t'o<l.  V'ory  fU»«  to  J/yoj-o- 
cfyhalni  ncorpiiii,  whuh  it  rvpliMH'n  on  our  foust  uml  oC  which  Dr.  Liitki^n 
regard!  it  iitt  :i  varioty.  Lilljiborg  r«Ki*f*li*  thi>  2  lu  idciitii-ikl,  :i.  v'ww  not 
nnlikidy  porrei-t,  Aceording  to  Ktwign  H.  G.  |)ri-.s.d,  J/,  yrniilnmlieiif 
diftVrs  from  .W.  trorpiu*  (i)in  its  laiper  Kizr;  (If!)  in  the);i'<'i>t'<r  inti't-orbitiil 
wjilth  which  ill  M.  tciiryius  «oldoni  cxri'i'dii  {  of  tliu  li>i)t;<'8l  diiiiiicti'r  of 
till'  I'.vc;  Slid  i'.U  ill  tlio  liighiT  spinous  donutl,  the  Iuu^chI  dorxal  xpiiiit  in 
M.  j/rii-nlaniliruM  liring  loiitiviiiod  r>  tti  6  tiim-B  in  the  total  longtb  of  thf 
cuiidal  buMi<,  while  in  J/,  twrpiim  it  ih  containtKl  on  much  oa  7  to  8  tiniea  in 

tho  HUllle  llMlgth. 

Acoordiiig  to  KnbriciiiK  tbin  species  \»  abniidaiit  "in  oil  thu  hnys  and 
iiiletJ*  of  Orceolttnd,  butprcfiTHn  stouy  <iiust  rlotlird  with  Beawecil.  |t 
itpproatthea  thr  ^•ilore  in  Hpring  niid  departs  in  wiatur.  It  is  very  vnnicions. 
prcyitiK  on  •■verythiug  thiit  coun^  in  it«  wny,  and  pniNiiiii);  iuicaHantly 
thi'  Hjunlb'r  fish,  not  spin  inj{  the  younj;  of  ito  own  spericn,  and  devouring 
<^rust:M'c»  iiud  worniH.  It  is  very  active  und  bold,  but  doen  not  eouie  to  the 
Hurfuce  nn1e«B  it  be  leil  thither  in  |iiir8iiit  of  other  li«h.  It  Mp^m-tiH  in 
De<'eiuber  and  J)iiiii;try,  uml  di^poi<il«  its  r«d-eiiloriM|  roe  ou  the  neaweed, 
It  is  eanily  taken  with  ;i  bait,  and  conHtitiiti'S  the  daily  fiMxl  of  the  Gr<<«ii- 
lundero,  who  are  very  fond  of  it.     They  eat  the  roe  raw."' 

According  to  Liilkcn,  the  <;reeuhnid  Sciil|iin  (yr'niftiinfieiM)  ix  not  sepo- 
rato<l  tYoiii  »coipiiiii  by  liny  eharaeter  trenchant  orconstaut.  In  Greenland 
it  iuhabttM  «llghi  ilcptlis  up  to  II'  futhoinM;  the  young  in  10  to  100  falhonin. 
There  in  great  variation,  especiiilly  in  (in  rays.  In  eoiiiiting  extreuii!  cnsos 
both  foniia  have  the  follow  ing  range:  D.  IX  to  XI,  II  to  I'J;  I'.  15  t.)  lit;  A. 
litulS.  Normally,  however,  the  range  in  D.  X,  16 or  17;  P.  17;  A.  13  or  14, 
Vortebrw  usnally  U+25— 31»,  In  h  >  .k.  n  ,««,  134-23  =; 3«5.  Pyloric  cosca  H, 
rarely  10  or  11. 

C»ttnt  iw.nrpiu4.  Kabbicitr.  Fmina  Wrffnlauilirii,  I'iB.  ITHO,  Orttnltnd. 

iVtut  ijr'rtiUtniH^nt.CvwtMii  VAUKKCIK.NMtH,  Hint.  Nil.  I'uiKit.,  IV,  1041, 1829,  sfter  FaHHI 

i|i-.«.  i!l'.vriiKtt,t;«l,  Kl«li  ,11,  ini.  I«n0:  iJ<Kiii|[«  ItKAV,  Bull  Emwx  tii4t.,  XI,  U,  1»7«. 
t'littnt  BCiirpiut  r;T<riilailllif<i».    Lt'TKKX.  Vi<l.  MmIiI.    Kj<ili.,    I'.',    1^11:  •loBlmn  St  OlUHKT, 

Sv. -  nitl     t>UMiiu  I'nM'.  I'..s  NuLMiiii,  ia84,'r)Z. 

Cvii  I  I'viKU  A  VAUCKCnt-viru.  Hint.  Miit.  Puis*.,  vui,  UW.  tSSI,  Bsffini  Bay, 

''■II  and  DiMT«iit,> 
.iMKlAcxvlfui  inHeortu,  JlYlir.».  I'rur.  Cal  Ar.  NitL  Sci.  IDM.  1*. 
AnantAofaltuM  vanaMit,  lilBakO,  UuaUin  Jniurti.  N'aL.  tllat.,  VI,  18M,  2Ui  D.  B.  SToau, 

111.1.  ruh.MaM.,sa. 


1976  Bullftin  ^j.  United  States  National  Museum. 


AeanthoeoUut  oeettahu,  H.  K.  Ktober,  Boat.  Jonm.  Kat.  Hist.  18K0, 253 :  male. 
Cotlu*  ijlaeialU,  liiciiAROiuiN,  in  ltKU?HEK,  Laat  An'tic  VoyaKo  It.  M.  S.  ABsiHtonco,  1853, 
App.  3,  pi.  24,  Northumberland  Sound.    (Cull.  Sir  Kdwaid  Itolober.) 

8S60.  NTOXOCEPHALIN  0rT0l>E('IXKPI>0$i:8  (MitchiU). 

(LoitO-SPIKED  JiCrU'IN.) 

Ilend  2i ;  depth  Si.  D.  IX,  15 ;  A.  11 ;  V.I.  3.  B.nly  very  slender,  taiH>r- 
inK  backward  to  the  lon^  aud  Rli-iidcr  Oiiudal  prdnncle.  Head  long  and 
narrow ;  month  nioderntt-.  the  lower  jaw  included ;  maxillary  not  extending 
past  eye,  2J  in  head.  U]>per  pieopeicular  spine  extrttniely  long,  longer 
than  in  any  other  species  of  the  genus,  3^  in  head ;  longer  than  eye,  extend- 
ing to  or  beyond  ti]i  of  opercular  spine,  its  length  more  than  4  times  that 
of  the  short  spine  lielow  it;  third  spine  turned  downward;  nasal  ajtinea 
strong;  a  strong  spine  at  upper  posterior  margin  of  orbit  directed  upward 
and  backward;  occi|iit:il  ridges  long,  low,  eonvergiug  behind,  each  ending 
in  a  similar  spine,  shari)  and  directed  backward;  a  single  sharp  snpra- 
aoapular  spine;  a  sharp  spine  on  shouldor  girdle  :it  tip  of  the  sharp 
opercular  spine ;  the  usual  downward-directed  s]>ines  on  jireopercle  and 
suboperele.  Vertex  nearly  flat,  bounded  by  low  ridges.  No  eirri  on  head ; 
skill  of  Iiead  smooth.  Kye  very  large,  as  long  as  snout,  4^  in  head,  nuieh 
wider  than  the  concave  interorliital  space.  Skin  without  rough  tubereles ; 
lateral  line  with  a  series  of  partly  <-onceale<l  cartilaginous  ]>late8.  Dorsal 
fins  well  separated;  s|>inous  dorsal  higher  than  soft  dorsal,  the  spines 
strong,  the  longest  nearly  4  head;  pectorals  ruachiug  anal;  ventrals  not 
to  vent;  no  trace  of  slit  behind  last  gill.  Olivaceous,  with  4  obscnro  trans- 
verse dark  bars,  paler  below ;  tins  barred  and  mottled ;  jaws  unspotted ; 
lowersideof  head  plain  white;  belly  win  t4>.  Length  about  a  foot.  Atlan- 
tic coast,  from  Labrador  south  to  Virginia,  common  abont  Cape  Cod;  a 
strongly  marke<l  species,  easily  known  by  its  long  spine  and  by  the  sliar]i 
spine  at  the  oceipuf.  tlii'r(>  being  IS,  really  'JO,  distiuct  spines  about  the 
head,     (uc/orffcini.  eighteen;  n^jiiiodi/x,  spined.) 

Seorjiiv$  rinjinianut,  \Vii.i,c<;imv.  Illtt.  ri»i-..  Ap!>.,  2.'>.  ]>I.  10.  li;;.  1.^  (noiibinomial). 
('•itliiMix-tiHlerimtiiinnniiH.  MiTCIMIX.  Triiiis.  Lit.  and  I'liil.  St)r.  N.  Y.,  1, 181.').  380.  New  York  ; 

(ilNTllKIl,  Cat.,  n,  IKt. 
t'ultiiB  rinjiiiiait'i;  Stdiiku,  Kept.  Fiflh.  Mass.,  18, 183H,  coast  of  eastern  Massachusetts  ; 

I>It  K.tY.New  Ymk  Kaiiiia:  Kislirs, .M,  pi.  ,'i.  tij;.  i:t,  1H4:;:  Juia>.VN  &  Ciliiert,  Synop- 

His, 701,  IRR'I;  (llK.Mii),  I'liH-.  l!i»st.S<(0.  Xnt.  Hist.,  in.  1X7. 
Aeanthocottui  einjinianu*.  StoicEii,  Hist.  Fisli.  Mass..  28.  pi.  4,  li|i.  2, 1807. 

Subgenus    MYOXOCEPHALUS. 
SS51.  MYOXOCEPIIAM  S  P<H,V  A(l>TII(><  EI'II.IMS,  Pallas. 

((JUE.VT  S<ll.l'IN:    K.Vl.iMi.) 

Head  2i;  depth  41.  1>.  IX  or  X,  18  to  l(i;  A.  11  to  13.  Body  rather 
elongate.  Head  long  and  narrow,  somewhat  compressed,  concave  betwi'en 
the  orbits,  the  orbitiil  rim  being  elevateil;  lower  j;iw  included;  nasal 
spines  strong;  a  strong  ridge  above  ey<',  with  a  blunt,  c(nnpressed  spine 
behind  it;  behind  this  a  sunill  digitate  cliiiiter  of  ri<lges  ending  in  low 


Jordan  and  Evemiann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1977 


■pincR;  lirbiiMl  tliest*  nii  irri'Kular  lirokcn  ri<lg<<  on  «taoli  Nidr  f»f  tli*<  vertex, 
pxtondiiif;  to  thi-  occipnt;  oiitnhlt^  of  this  another  rftg>;i>d  ri<lji;f^;  inbor- 
liital  wtay  stronp,  striate ;  iijipt-i-  iirfopfTctilnr  «pniL>  very  loii^',  strjiight, 
sim]>ln,  striate  iit  base,  longer  tbfin  I'J'e;  A  similar  bnt  ahort^-r  spini'  brlow 
it,  not  i  Bfl  lung,  ami  thi-  iiKiiiil  dowijwanl-<Iiri'cte<l  s|iiu<'  at  lawi>r  ndjf''  o\' 
prropiTcli'  uiiil  siil>i>prrcl<';  ojiiTcnlur  spine  inodiTiiti'.  Skin  of  top  of 
Lead  thin,  with  mnull.  mnnotb  warts,  uot  liidiug  tb<'  o<cipit;il  ridges;  no 
cirri.  Month  rftthor  liirge.  thf  niuvillary  re.ichiug  bi-youd  eye,  i  length  of 
head;  skin  of  body  with  «omi'  sciittfrt'il  rouKh  tubercli-s,  usually  nearly 
smooth.  Itoraals  not  very  liigli;  dor8:i]  gpini'a  slender;  pectornls  reiicLiiig 
unal;  ventrals  nioderatts,  1,3.  A  iiiiuute  pore  (iHnally  prcwnt  behind  last 
frill,  this  Bometimes  wholly  wanting.  LafaTal  lino  complete.  Dark  olive 
abttve,.  luiicb  varifgated  with  darker  and  reddiHb;  b«lly  mostly  wbitish; 
Hides  and  lielly  (in  males)  with  iiiimeroiis  bhiekish  ri'tieiilatioiis  eiirronnd- 
ing  large  round  white  spots;  jaws  dii.'<ky,  niottb  il  with  whiti.sb  ;  nn'iiibrnin! 
joining  luti.tillary  to  preorbital  tdaek,  with  round  «hite  spots  iu  thi^  adult, 
more  or  lesH  |dttit»  in  tlio  young;  tins,  all  but  the  ventrals,  niottli'd  and 
barred  with  Uluekish  iiiid  yellowish.  Length  li  to  2i  feot,  Alaska  to 
Kauit-btitka:  abundant  throoghont  Moring  iSea,  and  southward  along  tbu 
i»land»  tu  I'llget  Sound  ;  oneof  ihelurgeHtNetilpins  and  every  where  familiar 
to  tiHbenimii.  Dr.  tiilUert  roiiriil  it  abtiud:tnt  about  Unataska  and  in  ISris- 
tol  Hay.  Mr.  Seolield  found  it  at  I'bignek  Harbor,  siud  we  obtained  it 
aliout  the  I'ribilof '  and  Commander  Lilanda  iind  at  Pctropaulski.  {Kokvi, 
ninny;  rtWrtrOa, apiue;  Hfi^ak}),  bea^l. ) 

VuUfiM  polyaeanthocrphaltu,  fAlXAa.  '/,w>gT.  liOMoAHint.,  in,  11.1,  ISll.  Aleutian  Islands; 
no  dcflnile  locality  I  0D>'THKR.  CM.,  ti,  IM;  JoRtiA.s  A.  (•iLnEiiT.  Synopsis,  704, 1 8«:i. 

■iUi.  MVOXOt'i:FllAl.irH  JAOK  (Cuvlpr  di  Valonclennes). 

D.  VIII  to  X,  15  to  17;  A.  13  U»  15  (nmially  D.  IX,  16;  A.  14).  Tbix  Bpe- 
dit*  hiiH  a  very  Blender  b<»dy  ami  an  extremely  wide,  flat  head.  Hie  tatter 
iitrikiugly  triangnJar  when  viewed  from  abovr^,  on  aoconnt  of  the  n'giilar 
way  ill  wbieh  it  taper.*  tDWard  tlie  snout.  Tho  spoeicH  i«  further  distju- 
guinlu'd  Jiy  p<is.s4'KMing  bill  9  iliU'Sal  wpines  and  by  the  prexfiiee  in  tbo  adolt 
iif  an  irregular  «erieniff  eircnbir  Mplu"ii«  platen  above  thelat^Tal  jincj  themi 
plut^'ft  wanting  in  very  yming  indlviihials.  They  begin  to  make  their 
appeursinee  in  wpeeinieim  6  iiiebes  long,  4ind  are  iuvariahly  preHCtit  in 
larger  MpeeiiuenN.  In  adults,  the  legioti  below  Ibi'  lalenil  line  eontaiiiH 
Htrong  Hpiiioiif*  piiekleH  nio«tly  eonoealetl  in  llie  Kkin  und  direeled  baek- 
■Wrtnl.  Some  of  I  he  anterior  oneH  may  be  brtmder  anil  may  have  more  than 
one  point,  bnt  none  in  oirenlar  with  a  runette  of  nhort  npinoiiH  pointo,  as 
is  the  riuse  with  the  ilorMul  Meries.  Lower  jaw  included:  top  of  head  cov- 
ered with  miiall  wurt«;  xeapnlar  spine  «hort  and  Kharp;  humeral  spine 
obscure;  upper  prenpereiilar  npine  very  long,  nearly  ;Mf  long  »«  eye,  low, 
sharp,  3  timet)  length  of  next  npine,  not  qnit«  reaching  tip  of  o]i»r(nilikr 


*  Sevaial  ■peoimeuA  Trom  Unolaaku,  wliorr  tho  Hpeoits  is  al>iiii(Uitit,and  I  from  Robltnn 
Island,  the  JBttvr  perfectly  typical  in  nil  ro»povta  auU  KiviiiK  iis  (ho  flrKt  Kiuui'hitt- 
kan  record  for  tho  8p«eiefl.  In  tho  Ttahh«*n  Nlanil  HfH^f  iu)f*n.  tlin  fH^'toral  rays  arc  muich- 
oucd  rill  llin(r  inner  niirface  with  horny  tnltorclea,  m  is  usual  witti  iiilnit  iiialiss  of  I  hta 
•pccius.     The  lin  rays  are:  1).  X,U.  A.  I'J;  IMS. 

3030 17 


1978  liullftin  47,  United  StaUs  National  Aluseum. 


rtpinr.  Orcipitnl  «t(««(k long,  gently  convt'rghig  behind.  Hiiddctnljr  i!ivcrgiu| 
Mciir  tlu'ir  jkikNtjiiv  cihIh.  PiHtimci'  fnim  .stipiiii)rliit.-«l  tn  iH-cjpital  tiibftr*' 
\\  tiini'«  till"  (liHtatirf  iM^twin-ii  tin'  2  supr.'u>rl)ltj»l  tiilH'rr|«'«  (the  2  tui-axni 
nu'tiJs  jiboul  (•<|iiiil  111  M.  potiiiirrinlhoitphnhiK);  2  or  3  luw  (li(;itnt«!  riti; 
licliiixi  Hiipriioi'iiliir  hpiiic;    u  Kiiiirp  I'thiiinidal  ridge  «>xt«ri(lA   tnu-kvrx. 

from  \vvv\  <if  (*in!ill  Mjiiiu'W  to  uliovi'^  I'roiit  of  pnpil;  mouth   vory    l-nrKfi  II 

niiixilliiry  "•xt«'ii<liiig  to  piMiti-rior  Ixirdi-r  of  eye;  thr  porrt  nl'WfirH  pruscnt, 
bi-hiiicl   last  gill  iinh ;  Hpiiioiin  dorKiil  low,  tb<'   intt-rval    b*>tw«H'u   dorKiU* 
uiiiir«ui>lly  long;  iiiiH  iiioiltTuti';  pi-ctoial  handy   rcachiug   anal;  vp-utrafa 
not  to  voiit.     t'idor  olivi'  grayJHh,  nioith'd  with  ditrkor,   p»li>r  than  Ik, 
n-latcd  Npt'cifj*;  buck  with  4  dnrk  crows  banils,  mad<>  up  of  bhirkiitli  epi>t»U 
Itin'itr  vido  of   lu^ad   iind    hclly  plain  whilt-;    monihrimr  4if    ttpp«]-  Jawj 
unspotted;  fiuH,  nil  »>x<.Tpt  thi>  vnntrala,  with  olditiuo  dark   hnrH,  faiiilrrl 
thtin  in  most   Kp^tcic!*.     In    tlio  ;Mtult,  tli«  dark   crnnH  humln   brrak   tinj 
into  Hharply  dcUnt-d  bluik  KpotH,  with  viM'micii luting  hbit<7lii<A  and  litiml 
■whii-li  rhwfiy  I'over  tin-  buck,     Li-nglL  Li  to  IH  inchun.     Bering  i^^n,  in 
ithallow  watpr;   0Tprywher<'  coiuuioii  on  Iwith  roii8t8,  CKlviidiiig   into  ih»^ 
Ar<-tii>  :iiid  Hiiiilh  to  thy  Amur  Kivi-r  and   Unnhmku.     Onr  N|H'ciniiMiH  frtlll 
Unahutku,   UriMtol  Bay,  ri-tropaiil.ski,    Robbni   Ri-ef,   Port  t'lurw-noo,  anii 
Graiitlry   Harbor;    one  id"  th<'  lunNt  characl<.>ri8tic  fishes  of  Bering  Sea. 
IJaok,  th<'  vrTniicnlar  nnnic  in  Kiinirbiitku. ) 

CoUvtjaok,'  CoviEti  >v  VALENiiEKXKSiHisi.  Hut.  Prilu.,  tv,  ]T3,  iijs,  Kamchatka  (Cttll 
Palliu;  «ip»cliiipn  in  Mas.  Itorl.  called  Cotlut  icorjiiuthy  PAIJ^Aei  j  GCsTBSn,  Cal,  U. 
166, 1860;  JouUAX  A'  liil.iiERT,  Syiin]iHi«,  7US,  1883. 

Mijoxoeephalut  Jaok,  Jobdav  &.  (JiLBBBT.t  lii'pU  Fur  S«al  In>-oiiL  18B6. 

'  <h(tiuiaoii»thaiiHf*CTib«d:  "D  VII, IS;  A.14,  M.  L)>'li»nRt«iDliaMkindIvi<uaBd«4 
t«  u«  thofndividuul  wliioli  itHrvwl  Pnlliw  for  tlic  dwMriptlon  ot  ih*  preflt  •■..n...  .<  Kirn- 
ohatVa,  which  hu  t)«liHv«-il  th«  Main**  K|ierfpit  n»  niir  j)roi-;nuji-     We  hnvr,..  ,r, 

fully  with  oiir  iiiiliviriualB  from  Kurnrio  aDil  »<■  have  fuiinil  thut  it  Iim>  ,  ul 

rltiiractcm.  Dntnlilv,  tliut  the  H|iini>j4  of  its  |irtfnp<'r(-]i>  nm  nintihirly  iIih],,....  .,  „,,.,  i>,  tli* 
HiuuL' |ir<ip«rtli>us,  "but  itH  ilitfertinrcH  are  iiinuy.  Iiisti'nil  of  tiilH'rilt^  ii  Imn  i>eliiii<)  U» 
PVo,  lH>hiiid  thu  craiiiuui,  na<l  ou  llio  louiplo,  hoiih-  UhH  graun\atUiUK.  Alon^  (Is  li^k. 
aliovH  Ihn  Ihtt^nil  line,  la  a  ruw  «f  aralnn  ijikito  unlike  thuHi*  of  nefirvtHM.  Tlii'y  jirv  routNl 
a  littlo  t'lmciive:  their  «urfiir«  ia  luuf;!!.  hikI  tb»ir  etdc:»  Aiirruiiuili'd  with  Niuitll  •.land'T 
TMinlH,  hilt  Hbov«  th»  lat«ranin«  tlii'rvnro  iviuir  liknlhii«i-  of  tcorfiiv*.  The  Itrat  dunal 
Id  tower.  Hhortvr,  niid  I  hiivc  l^f'r'n  ahle  lo  (liid  hiit  7  rnvt.  riilln*  iviiiutiid  Imt  6.  IIji  »tte 
in  niiii'li  i:n-iil«r  tliau  that  of  tb«  S<'iil|iiiift  in  Kuri>|it\.  Th»  iiidii'iHiial  lM>r<>rc  ii«  !■>  21 
im  hc«  I<iti|;.     Palliif*  iiii-iiliipUF>  them  nf  i!  fiwt.     Iln  thai  givi-i,  the  i-iil,ir.-itioti  :   Itqt  k  rr^l 

dlHli.  with  Hrnlt4?rod   tiniwii  p4|ioIh,  MiiiiiU,  irriignlnr.  ilifin|i|H>Ariiig  hy   dr<'_" i     >    ■.    ^^f 

latorul  lino;    holly  whilo;  ."i  hruwii,  trrr{;a]ar  trnnHvi'rnc  biiiidn  on  flip  |,.  ,,i  ■ 

dorHHl  tipolldi  Willi  hrowii:   lult  duraiil  ^ilh  4  vertiral  hruwii  hnndtt:    , 

baada  nil  iIki  niiiil.     Tlaj  fi«li  Is  very  aitivc  iu  lifi'.     I'nJiiiH  uuh  tohl  thni  i- 

2  dayM  otit  4>f  wat^r;  evL'u  after  hring  hvlHi'ornt-fd  and  ti«*il»g  in  thfflmok* 

wave  riirfctviTal  hoarx.    ll  ia  lulU'd  l>y  tli<-  Knnilxi  li;idal>'«  Juok:  hv  the  ] 

by  tliti  Kiiurili^R,  »S'n.no/Jt»  nud  Kritrharj  i  h.     Tbn  Kiii^iaun of  Kuiucbatk^i  .mi  ; 

aud  Ihe  i.aniutw.  Tak/ehi.     (t.'nvier  A,  Vahnpiennfu.)  " 

t  CoQccruing  the  aynonymy  of  lhi»  Rm-vivn,  Jiirdau  ii  (filbert  obHcrre  :    In  .\ 

the  iohtliyolii;;iral  colliTliiiiiJi  of  the  .1  lAafrojrii  in  A  tattka  (Ive)Hirt  I'.  S.  f'l 

Finh  HudKlnherieH  for  1H93,  J).  4:i),  Dr.  tiilliert  wrile«n»  fullowii:  •\i.l-:  :, 

■ciuble*  til*  de«<ril)tiou  nf  A.jnut.  with  wlilch  It  may  well  be  Idi'Dliial. 

tarn  to  make  thin  fileiititirntion.  as  .1 .  Jnni'  in  aaid  to  fiave  hut  7  iloriuil  h; 

ire  h»yu  not  fuaoil  iu  J   /iiimilx."    iJu  further  c-iiiisidernthin  wc  ha\e  ih 

lunat  ho  ideulieal.     'I'lie  tyfH«  of  ^dnl- m^ih  a  Inr^e  dried  AptxHiiien,  the  s 

served  I'AllnH  for  liin  neeoiint  of  <*o//(fM  «roi7M'ui.     In  Hueh  u  drieil  fltH«rii 

very  diOientt  to  eaniurrale  correctly  tlio  low  fwble  ni»iiie.4.  of  whicu  t>t. 

eloecly  approiimatwl.  and  the  Initt  1  often  inlTiiite  and  iildden  in  t lie  mem! 

1»  ahnndnnt  iiloni;  the  eoiist  of  Kauieliatka  and  afti'eea  with  the  iicnuiiil  ol  jn- 

the  iipiM  riKirt*  euvered  with  unmll  hr«*wn  «iitit-'>.  the  baek  »i<h  ii  Kirieii  of  roim 

ulnlex.  mid  the  nidrK  below  Ibe  lalerul  line  HJth  iionterloih  direi  ted  apineH;  ii ., 

UX  roaehina  a  Very  lorfio  aiie.     In  the  ilnnrription  tit  jaok  (be  do  formula,    ••\..-i>i   ii. 

number  of  doniiil  npiDea.  ia  that  moat  rre<)tientl>'  found  iu  humilit.    iJ|K<cbii<>na  are  befiu* 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      1079 


Cottuf  htiinilia.  Dean.  I'roc.  V.  S.  Vat.  Muk.,  iv,  lASl,  UO,  Chamisso  Uland,  Bering 
Straits  (Coll.  T.  H.  Bvod);  D.  X,1A;  A.  1.1;  J(JIU>A>  &  UiLBKnT,  S.vui>iikih,  7<i:\  IStU. 

l.!iiiiKJi puli^acantlioe»iihalMJi,  K»ek,  Sltib.  Akitd.Wiu.Wien,  lvui,  1868,  21,  taf.  4.  tig.  11, 
UM'jMlrlii  ISay;  lint  ul'  I'AIXAii. 

VoHiu  lamiopteriu.  UK  AX  &  Kkan.  Ptm).  IT.  S.  Nat  M  ua.  1806, 384 ;  not  of  Kmcs. 


■.'SriS.  XYOXiri'KPIIAM  S  VKUKLCOKDH  (lleaii). 

D.  .V  or  XI,  1.-.  rn  1!*;  A.  Ti  to  17  (umiitlly  1).  X,  IS;  A.  13).  Toii  »»"  hrad 
Ntnin^jly  vcrnii'nsi',  tlit'  iirr-rqii^rfuiar  spiue  short;  tdiprtiorbitui  iiml  omip- 
ital  lUaiiirntH  pri'8*'iit.  Tbi'  udiiltti  1ihv<-  HpiiioiiH  phtti'H  iiloiij;  tjliu  sidfii, 
i-strctiiflv  hi^lj  vrrtic!ftl  Una,  ami  vrry  liirjji'  Mipraui'ljital  iiud  oi-rtpitiil 
tiilxTcli'!*,  I'rimi  the  KiimmU»  of  wlufli  tliu  tnlMTcli-s  iiriai'.  Spiiimis  pliites 
above  thr  liittTiil  lino  similar  to  thosf  t'oimd  in  M.jnok.  tin-  iiiit«-ri<>r  onesut 
K-aat  bfiu^r  (.•ircular  with  a  ih-pn'ssi'd  rmtiT,  mid  h;»vi(ii<»  thr  i!iur<;iii  pro- 
vided with  !i  st'rii'K  of  short,  xtroiig  Hpiu<-A,  uonii'tiiiuvs  iiitiTrii|it-i<d  lor  a 
short  distaui-i-  :uiti'riiirl_v.  Ihidrr  the  sul't  dorsal  i»iid  on  tin-  riiiulul  pi'ilim- 
v\v  thi-  pKitoa  arc  Mtialirr  and  li'sn  rfg«ili»r,  lifinK  ol'ti-ii  n'dticcil  to  very 
smidl  plaU'.H  lii'iirinj;  -  or  ;H  prifklis  diri'Cti-d  hackward  fVoiii  tho  iinir^iD. 
Bflow  the  hitiTul  linr  iirc  )»lati'M  Hiiiiilar  to  thow  iibovc.  Imt  fcvv<-r.  Tho 
oepliitlii'  tulxTch'-oirr  undi'v<dopi'tl  in  tin'  young,  luit  hcronie  vr)ri'ou»!pic- 
110118  iu  hiiif-prowTi  itiid  iiditlts.  One  iibuvo  post^iTior  iimrj^in  of  orbit  and 
1  ut  hiiidi-r  edjri'  uf  ooiipiit  tvrn  the  largest  and  hear  short  liliiiui-ntN.  Thi'mi 
riw  very  abmptly  witliotit  evidfut  conncctiou  with  ridp'S.  Rfhinil  tin' 
RnpniorbituI  tiilierolu  is  u.«iuaUi'ronH,  sotin-tiini'H  iiccompaiiietl  by  1  ur  3 still 
sniikllcr  i*h>vatioi)H,  n-ciiDin)^  in  tln-ir  iirninK^'iiK'nt  Ihv  digitatr  poMtncuIar 
rid}?*'!' of  M .  jixtk  i\x\i\  .\[. pi>li/itiaiilliiiii}>hnl»».  A  omaller  liilxTi'lc  is  prr»- 
eiit  also  iuimediatrly  in  nilvimtc  of  tht'  prinoi])!il  otripilal  oiu'.  Lower 
jiiw  included.  I'n  opeieitUir  Sjiiue  nh<(rt,  tins  upper  OUc  not  exefe<liuj;, 
HoiuotiniuH  niin-]i  Ir.^s  tliuu.  loutfitudinal  diiiuietor  of  orbit.  A  widl-devel- 
opeii  (lori-  behind  l:i!it  fiill.  IIotn.'iIh  Very  liijili.  witlidiit  appreciable  inti'r- 
Kpuet*,  the  loui^iHt  Mpine  ttoiui'tiun'»  ei|n.'iliu),;  leiijjth  ol  snout  and  eye,  2i  in 
bead,  ei|uaJiii>;  tin  loti^i-st  rays  ol  Moft  dmsiil.  The  larfjest  xpeeiinen  »i'«ii 
by  iiH  is  nearly  iiuiloriu  in  the  eolonttion  of  the  njipei  jmrtJ*,  Khowiiif;  but 
faint  traceit  of  the  dark  bius  nunally  found  in  tUia  Kfup-  I"  nil  other 
apeciiiiL-Ds  thoac  uro  diiitinct]y  iiiarked.  though  uioro  irregular  uud  Iuhs 
sharply  defluod  than  in  if.  nrltims  and  ,V.  pol^acanthocrphnJut.  As  usual, 
thrre  is  a  hruad  b.vr  under  spiuuiiii  dorsal,  2  uurrower  nne»  under  aoft  dur- 

11*  frntn  rctr<>piiiil»ki  and  from  StiitinDs  3646  Bn<l  'Mi%,  ulT  Robltrn  Iiihuid.  in  18  uud  20 
latiioiuK.  .\ll  "t'thi'AO  liavn  tlip  xnpnux'nlnr  aixj  occlnlfal  er^M^i  hlfchiTand  ktiarper  tlian 
111  tlione  rriiiii  tlio  muMlern  gxii'lioii  or  llvriiiu  Si>a,  huJ  llie  vrcoiieri'uUkr  H|>in«'s  an.*  loiii;(<r, 
UHiinlly  remiliing  in  yoiiti^  etanijili.*  t<»  "r  Iwyond  0|itTCul.irniuruiii.  Tbe«t*ar«,  IiowovtT, 
I'.karai'tprw  niiliii-ei  t4j  iiiir-Ii  rarliitiun  within  thin  croup,  in  wliiih  it  will  always  l)e  uuitafa 
to  rtH'o^iii7.e  Hiil>ii|jrcioA,  iitilcxa  baaul  uu  very  extensive  collBctioua.  Uur  21  specioicDa 
iihovr  tbu  followiug  liii  rumiuiiv: 


First  donwl.'     Seooml  doraal. 

1 

Anal. 

Pectoral. 

R»y« 

IX. 

X. 

u. 

iM. 

17. 

U.       14. 

IS. 

17. 

la. 

Bpwinfliui .......  * 

ts 

»,      10 

10 

1 

I        16 

5 

7 

]« 

1980  JJuUetin  4.J,  United  States  National  Museum, 


Bat,  and  n  fourth  on  i<n<1  of  cuiKlnl  pe«lund<*;  groiiiiii  color  nnnsnally  pair. 
In  £1  highly  roldrt'd  iiiiih-  tUo  lowi-r]iiirt  ofsidrs  is  blackittli,  ]>roviii(<d  with 
roiiiKliab,  lurgi-,  wliito  aputs,  tbi'  inargiiiti  ol°  wlijcb  ni«  ofN'n  iiiA<tf  vna- 
itpicnuiiA  by  it  8eri4-t>  Dt  minntc'  bbM^k  (ip^ck«;  lint)  t'Oiispiruoiialy   bantNl 
III  inoxt  spet-inicnd  a  brdjul  biiml  of  the  li|iht  ;;r<iiuitl  "-olor  cross<?s  occipital 
ri'ginn  anil  I'xtfnds  liarkwanl  anil  ilownwaril,  itictniliu^  niar^ii  «f  pp- 
opi«r(lt'  iiliovi"  thi'  npinet*  and  tbi'  gn-ator  poition  of  optTclo.     Arctir  cicoau 
and   hering  Seit;  Vrusil.-iska  and  Uristol  Huy ;  taken  by  the  Atlmtrnt*  al 
dcptliB  of  5  to  30  futliuuis,  and  taken  by  Mr.  SoofieUJ  jit  Kiri^s  Ii<binil. 
Port  Cbireucp,  and  (irantly  Harbor;  orijtiniilly  recorded  from  Plover  Uar. 
(Gilbert.)     Here  deacribed  from  adult  Rpeciniena  10  incbes  long,     (rrmi 
conuK,  warty.) 

Vottut  terrutinnu,  ISean,  I'me.  V.  S.  N'at.  Miu„  rv,  1881,  IS'A  Plover  Bay.  Siberia  rCnIl   T 

H.  Itt'uii);  JonDAN  i  fiiuiKRT.  SynopaU,  7l>7,  1883. 
Afantkoenltu*  Ttrrurnmts,  (iiijieBT,  Kiill.  17.  S.  KUli  Comm.  (liSn)  IPM. 431;  SCMraOJH  Id 

Jonltui  6l  Gillicrt,  lC«|il,  Fur  Soul  Invodt.,  ItSUS. 

S8al.    BYOXIM  KI>lltl.llS  AXII.LARIK  (Gill). 

Hetul  2};  hort/outal  iliaiiietiT  of  orbit.  '>  in  hcud  and  \\  iu  nuont;  inter- 
orbitiil  space  (i  in  lieail;  tleptU  4-i;  maxillary  rcachiu);  Tertical  with  poatr^ 
rior  odgo  of  eye,  2it  in  head;  I>,  IX  or  X,  15  or  16;  A.  11  or  12;  poctora)  15 
or  16;  caudal  with  I)  branched  rays;  lateral  liuo  40.  Head  widr  ami 
deprt>M<cd;  month  horizontal ;  lower  jaw  iuclnded ;  nasal  spina  well  d«v«*1- 
oped,  but  er>ni]dately  covered  bj- the  skin.  Preojierely  with  uBtrttights]iinc 
ut  itH  ii|i|K<raii>;le  alinoHt  covered  with  skin  and  equal  in  Iod^Ii  to  verrical 
diiiuieti^r  of  orbit;  a  HetHXid  xpiiu-  iinme<Iiatvly  bolou  this,  completctf 
covered  liy  tlio  dkiii  iiiid  )  as  long  as  tipper  apine;  at  Ih*  lower  ancle  ui 
tlm  prtjoperclo  there  i«  n  tubercle;  operrlu  with  a  strung  liori/ontnl  spiiii* 
nt  its  upper  an};l^^,  cuitipletely  etiibeilded  in  the  meiiibriine  and  not  r<^»cll• 
iiig  odt;e  of  gill  Map.  At  the  lower  angle  of  the  opercb'  there  ib  a  Hmall, 
downward-iIirBcted  N)iiiie.  uImo  (•OMi|)let*'ly  covered  hynkin:  HUpr.-mcapulnr 
gjiiiio  well  ilevelii))i'd.  Imt  cinu|detely  embedded;  humeral  Hpiiie  blunt  luiil 
covered;  occipital  ridgeH  Hcnnely  elcvutiHl,  a  itlight  pineal  elevaiinti:  I 
broad,  conH]iicuoai4  ti-ntaelcM  (^or■'e«poll<lillg  to  the  po.HitioUH  of  the  anpra- 
ociilur  and  ocripital  tlll>erele^;  nrbitul  rtnis  couMiilerably  elevated.  bAviiiK 
a  Hat',  ile|ireHacil  H]>aee  between  them;  top  of  the  bead  covuri'd  with  Ainall, 
wart-like  elevatioiiH.  Lateral  tine  iiiciiiiKpiriiuiiH,  withont  phiteH.  ite  {hiim 
di.'<tant  and  Hniall;  above  tlie  I.-iteial  liue  a  row  of  oasooii^  plut4^<i,  xuialjet 
and  iiitiro  i'|o.«ely  plai-eil  beneath  the  hccoiiU  dorsal;  n  siniilar  8c«ll«rtNl 
row  beluw  the  lateral  line  junt  lieneath  the  Nccond  dorsal;  longeat  niy  of 
first  dorsal  (the  fimrlh  or  liltli)  2J  tiiiie«  in  bead,  linst  li  n»y»  ubuut  eqnal 
in  length ;  Hccoml  dorsal  higher  ami  abniii  the  same  nhape  as  tho  first,  tbr 
longest  ray  IVli  in  head;  ratnlul  Iruncaled,  the  ciirnei-s  alwiit  sijiiare;  pei'- 
toral«  large  and  reaeliiiig  to  second  ray  <)l'iin:tl;  ventri»ls8<arfcly  t«achini; 
Tent.  C'olm  above  quite  dark,  Htroiigly  in;»rke<l  with  Vdai'k  ami  white;  a 
■addle  of  black  under  the  anterior  !  of  rimt  dorial:  2  similar  but  tunaller 
saddle  niarkingK  over  the  tiack  below  the  second  dorsal,  1  beueaUl  thn 
anterior,  the  other  beneath  the  posterior  end;  a  blark  blotch  oti  the  side 


Jordan  and  Evcnnann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     1981 


of  tho  cnnilal  iieilnn<'lf,  a  cbnracteristic  iiiurking  i"  »ev<*ral  "f  the  niem- 
Iwrs  of  this  frL'uiiH;  viiitral  siirfaci- lij^hter;  sidrs  with  liirjfo,  <)Viit<-  wliitf 
gpnta;  •!  (ir  "i  bii^ilit  vreani  M|icitH  at  eilj^e  of  tin"  lil;i'-k  :ii)<t  liithlpii  by  tLo 
jtectorals;  iiianiliMes  niontly  lilaek :  lnwiir  li|>  witli  M.ick  iiiottlin;!^:  »np:ti> 
oi'iitoutti  light;  tip  of  iii«xillj»rii's  l>l«rk;  a  blmU  liloteh  at  tBthniiiH  jiint 
Imck  of  iiifinlirftiii':  first  linranl  mostly  liliii-k;  a  white  liIot<ih  ii)viiii(j: 
lowtT  I  iif  mviiibi niioK  lietwiH'U  fourth  uml  sixth  >*[iiiH-«;  IVum  tin-  iippi-r 
ant«ri«r  !iii}i;l(!  of  thiH  l)l<)t<li  the  whitt' exti'ud»»('i-«8.s  the  fonrtli  spine  rind 
runs  iiitn  the  spot  itt  the  edgn  of  the  in»inliriini>  ami  between  the  third 
iind  fuiii-th  5j>iiit>8;  at  thr  I'dfjc  of  the  iiii-mhrano  and  between  i-ach  '-'  fljiiueH 
then?  is  a  white  «]iiil,  vory  hhuiII  l«otwi*t?n  tifHt  aud  auroiid,  Imt  inoroiming 
ill  si^o  i>ostiTii>rly  ami  botwt'ttn  tho  si^ra^rith,  eii;hth,  uinth,  uiid  tonth, 
rtiniiiiig  tojjotber,  Ifjiviug  a  tip  cif  bh«<k  at  the  ftnl  ul"  tlio  (-iuhtli  Hpiuo; 
secoiitl  dornat  b]»ck  with  a  fuw  rin  iilar  wbiti?  Hpots.  euch  sjiot  with  it« 
f<>iitof  on  ,\  lin  ray  iiiid  its  odgi<  ri-achitjg  to  middle  of  loi'inbrtiiit^;  thp»e 
spots  iui-lincd  to  run  together;  caudal  uioHtly  Idack,  partiully  dividod  by 
narrow  int»*r»|iac<'  of  whiti'  iutti  'I  hoavy  vi-rtical  bands;  anal  colored 
similar  tu  thr  second  ilorsal;  tijis  of  rays  and  wlgr  of  ui<-nibruni<  whit*'; 
veiitrnls  with  scViTal  blatk  sputa;  pectorals  black  with  oval  white  spots 
on  tneriibraat'H,  whirh  Join  rarh  olhrr  iinpeifurtly  :»<tos9  the  rays  to  form 
4  or  "i  interrnjiti'd  vi-rtii-al  I>.iim  ol'  black;  '1  whito  Hjictts  at  base  of  rays. 
(Scoliold.)  Arctic  Oct'an  and  Bering  Sph;  ihii-||y  tiorthwnrd.  The  speci- 
inouH  hero  described  from  Fort  t'larencc,  t'higiiik  Hay.  and  HiTcndcen 
Hay.  AIsu  known  fniin  Bering  lStrait<«  ainl  St.  Michaels,  (oxiiinn*,  per-. 
taining  to  the  axil,  <ir  armpit.) 

Bortocijittu '  axillarit,  OiiX,  I>rm\  Ac.  Nat  Scl.  Philn.  1850,  ICO,  Bering  StraiU. 
t'otttu  iLrillam,  .Iobhan  A-  Oilkkbt.  Syut)|>ibi,  706,  1H83. 
JtyitXi/ctptialu*  ajnUiirU.  ScuKiELU.  }[f|>t.  I'lirlSeal  InvciitiKationii,  1(198. 

Sao6.  MVOXIH-KPHALrS  NTE1.LEH1,  lilraiiiii. 

D.  TX  (rarely  VIII),  l.T  fraroly  Ifi);  A.  12  (11  to  13).  Resembling  in 
shajie  M.  polt/iiritnllmirpliahie,  thu  bna<l  loss  ilt.pressod  ami  tbi*  Huotit  deeper 
than  ill  .1/.  jaolc.  CliarartfriHtir  features  are  the  thiiki-ned  pupillo.so 
lips,  the  iirnm^nci?  of  a  supraot  iihir  tinUarle,  and  the  pernliar  ((doratidn. 
Skill  naked  or  with  a  few  scattorod  wiiiiU  jilatrs  in  a<ltilt  males,  the  intcr- 
■trhital  deeply  concave,  and  the  occijiifcil  and  parietal  riilger*  lieavj'  and 
more  or  less  broken  or  rngnsc.  Mead  2>  to  li'  in  length;  de))th  4;  leottt 
depth  of  caudal  podnncle  1|  in  snout;  greatest  width  of  bead  ei|naling 


*  This  apecie*  U  tbc  tvpe  of  tho  nninlnol  genua  Jiurmfottiu,  (iil\,  thcu  (lp»oritiMl  by  GfU: 
"Body  aiiliryliudrirnt.  mpiilly  dmrbniug  to  Ilii-  (rauilul  llii.  .Skin  iiioitly  iiukud,  ur  with 
Hninll  iiiiil  lUMtini't  tiilH^rle^.  iil>o^'e  tlu'  lah-ral  iuiv.  I.iitrrni  lint"  i^iMMiiat;  on  the  «iil«M 
tliriitk;:li  .tinall  flifttjoif  )ioi^ii.  (loail  larpi,  ili^pft-Hnt'il,  and  NiibrlxmAioalul;  nMnI  iipinoA 
i-ijittll;  pri'ftppTrltt  -witli  2  simjitc  npint-.s  m-ar  tin-  on^'lc  nuil  '■!  hiWnli'-*  bt'luw;  ii|>crcle 
witli  a  lanKiliiilinul  rib  Ifrnininliii);  in  n  Hiibic  ami  nttti  ii  rotinit  iiifutliruiiA>'<'Oitii  inikr- 
^Iri;,  HiilKipf  irli'  witb  jk  M)ki»«  tlirt*<-l4><l  ilownivanl.  I'nnlorlkJtnl  !oni;it(alil>nl  cn-biA  littji^ 
devebtpi'iK  ^liirjtji  nuHlorntv.  'J'f"c*tli  villiforfii,  pr("t*rii(  on  e;icli  Jim  iiiiil  nn  Iht"  fruiit 
of  tilt*  1  umer.  llrani'hiimtcjrnl  nipnibmiie  eiiiiliiiiiniin  nailer  the  thro>ttt.  liul.  uttiirhud  nlonjr 
th«-  mlddlp  of  ltd  IiMijilli  alninal  to  iJii  innrcin.  iiml  lliu»  nwirly  ri'strictiii;;  the  lininoliiiu 
fttK'rturtss  In  thulr  rebfs'f.'livi*  Aidw,  ltr(4iudii<Mt4i|:.Hl  niyn  0.  DnrtfftlH  >»(*ft:irwUfj  l.li«»  flfnt 
low,  lil;:h<Mil  nC  thn  middle.  Ventralfl  nmul],  latMlerati^ly  upprovliuuteJ  aud  IteUind  thu  |km]- 
tondi,  each  witli  u  Kpinc  and  3  nutt  rayii." 


1982  Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum, 


(ligtance  from  tip  uf  Hnoiit  to  base  of  prnopcrciilar  spiue;  depth  of  head 
at  occiput  ecinaliiig  \  its  length.  Mouth  large,  the  lower  jaw  indnded, 
but  leHN  couspicnoualy  overlapped  than  in  M.  jaok.  the  maxillary  reaching 
beyond  the  eye,  2i  in  head.  Li)>8  very  thick  and  tiesby  in  adults,  the 
inner  margin  of  each  with  a  d<;U8e  band  of  (ine  papilliu ;  lower  lip  may  also 
bear  externally  a  few  ]>apilla!  or  short  filaments;  a  llealiy  nlip  or  fllanieut 
often  prenent  on  npper  p<ist<-rior  angle  of  maxilla.  Nasal  spines  pungent, 
rather  shoi-t;  preoperolc  with  2  diverging  spines  at  angle  and  a  third  re- 
mote one  below  directed  downward  and  forward ;  the  upper  spine  varying 
in  length,  but  extending  usually  abont  halfway  to  tip  of  opercular  spine; 
opt^rcle  with  a  strong  rib  and  spine;  humeral  and  subopercular  sptnea 
strong;  iuterorbital  width  5^  to  (i  in  head,  gently  concave,  its  floor  iisa- 
ally  with  tritces  of  2  low  ridges;  a  doUnite  supraorbital  tentacle  borne  on 
the  anterior  end  of  the  occipital  ridge,  its  basal  tubercle  never  conspicu- 
ous; slender  occipital  tentacle  often  present,  especially  in  the  yonng 
but  not  infrequently  absent;  ridges  on  occiput  strong,  often  irregular  or 
partly  interrnpted,  their  Hurface  rougliom-d  with  lengthwise  lines  or  with 
olnsters  of  grannies;  oc-eipiit  more  deeply  r<uieavc  than  in  M.  polyacantho- 
oephalut;  usually  a  cluster  of  short  digitate  ridges  behind  the  eye;  top 
and  sides  of  head  with  small,  warty  protuberances.  A  minute  pore  behind 
last  gill,  to  bo  detect«d  with  dilttculty  in  the  young.  Dorsals  with  short 
interspace  or  none,  the  membrane  from  last  spine  usually  joining  base  of 
first  soft  ray;  spinous  dorsal  very  high  in  adult  males,  the  fifth  spine 
bigbest,  i  as  long  as  head,  longest  soft  ray  2it  in  head ;  pectorals  reaith- 
ing  front  of  anal,  the  ventrals  not  to  vent;  vertical  tins  mnch  lower  in  the 
young.  Skin  smooth,  without  plates  or  8j)iues  in  yonng  7  or  8  inches  long; 
1  adult  male  of  14  inches  with  scatt<<Ted  small  subcirciilar  dpinous  plates, 
all  but  a  few  of  which  are  below  the  lateral  line.  In  the  yonng  the  max- 
illary and  mandibular  niembraiieH  are  whitish,  very  conspicuously  marked 
with  irregular  jet-black  spots  and  blotches;  brancbiostegal  and  gnlar 
iiienibraues  and  the  mutiibriine  behind  the  preo](ercle  crossed  with  narrow 
dark  streaks;  entire  under  sidi'  of  head  faintly  dusky,  mottled  and  macn- 
hited  with  white  ''like  a  frog's  l>elly;"'  iris  with  Nmall  black  spots  and 
blotches;  these  colors  fainter  in  our  adult  si>eciineu,  where  the  under  side 
of  head  is  nearly  uuifonn  whitish;  the  maxillary  membranes,  however, 
conspicuously  black  8|)otted ;  body  brownish,  with  'S  light-gray  s:idd]c8, 
the  most  cousiiiciious  crossing;  the  back  of  the  caudal  peduncle  immedi- 
ately behind  the  dorsal  tin;  the  second  below  the  dorsal  notch,  and  the 
third,  often  obscure  or  wanting,  forniiug  a  V-slia|)ed  area  on  top  of  head, 
the  2  arms  diverging  from  iuterorbital  [.oace  toward  the,  base  of  opercular 
s]>ine;  the  dark  areas  often  lighter  centrally,  and  variously  blotched  and 
mottled  with  brown  or  dusky ;  dorsals  very  irregular  in  the  marking;  anal 
usually  with  :>  or  1  obliijuc  dark  bars;  caudal  usually  with  a  basal  trans- 
lucent bar  followed  by  varying  alternations  of  translucent  and  black; 
ventrals  showing  2  black  crof*s  bars;  pectorals  with  no  definite  color  pat- 
tern on  their  outer  face,  but  eros.sed  on  tlicir  inner  Ijh-c  by  a  few  irregular 
black  b;irs.  .Males  show  the  usual  round  wliitc  spots  on  sides  of  abdomen. 
It  is  well  distiuguished  by  the  speckled  throat  aud  belly,  aptly  compared 


Jordan  and  Evemtann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     1983 


by  Steller  to  tlio  npeckled  color  of  a  frog.  Western  Hhorc  nf  HerinK  Sea 
nuti  OkhutJfk  Sea:  not  recurded  fruiti  Aliutka  or  thu  Ak>ittiiMi  IdlunilH. 
Tlim  (leKcriptioii  t'roiu  It  H|H<ci)iieiii4  Iroui  t'etroiiiiiilNkl  uml  lliriii^  Isliind, 
taken  l).v  tliu  AlliiitioaK.  This  Hjieiiea  n*  now  reconlctl  iVoui  Heriiig  ami 
Moilui  isljtutlH,  I'etToimukki,  and  thu  iiioutli  <>l'  the  Amur  ICivor.  It  in 
evidi'Utl.v  iLbiinclaut  in  wosti'ni  Hi-ring  Sea,  but  j»ro)xjl»iy  diH-g  uut  occur 
aaiou^  thu  Aluiitiau  iMlutida  or  ou  the  AlaNkitii  i!uu«t.  Tiiuri'  huuiuh  tu  bo 
iiu  doulit  that  thiK  Hpocies  ia  correctly  idcatitieil  with  Mijosoceplialut 
gtetlcri,  with  which  it  a{;reeH  iu  lin  rays  and  in  the  ]m<-iiliur  and  charar- 
tarigtic  colwiition.  It  agree*  also  with  the  dfscriptioii  of  Cotta*  dertii- 
trentU,  from  \vhi(.-h  the  ligure,  however,  diverges  in  iMVoru.!  iutportant 
detaila.  It  in  hi;^hly  iiujindiablf)  that  Cnltnt  imrtrniiii  and  CoHiiit  mar- 
moratun  can  ovt^r  be  Hiitisfiictorily  idrntilied,  a«  we  huve  oidy  very  tfiicf 
ft<xonnt»  of  them,  batted  ou  colored  drawings.  (Numed  for  Qeorg  Wilhchu 
8teUer.) 

Mymocepliatiu  uttlleri.  Tilesii°»,  Mc<ui.  Acad.  Poiersb.,  iv,  1811. 273  n  itli  plutc.  nut  rrl'errt.-il 

to  In  t«x(,  PetinpauUki  (ColLU.  W.  St«Uer) ,  Jordan  &  Uu.iikkt,  Roiil.  luvoit.  Kur 

Seal  iKlandK.  1898. 
Cattu*  decailrrniru,  Kum,  Dsuk.  Klkli.  Akail.Wisaen.,  XXIV,  18S5,  1,  taf.  2,  Ugn,  1,   la, 

Dccaslris  Bay,  near  moutli  of  the  Amur. 
/  Collut  mamioratuji,'  Ci'viKK  i  Vauchciknnrs,  BUt.  Not-  Pol»«.,  vni,  407,1831,  Petro- 

paulski ;  on  a  dratriug  by  MkbtsNs. 
CoUuM  platyetpkaiiu.  Bkju<  Si.  Uka.m,  I'ruc.  tT.  S.  Nat.  Miir.  1886, 240, 384 :  not  of  I'AIXAil. 
CMu*  niger,  Bean  Jt  Bean,  Prw;.  U.S.  Mai.  M>i9.18tMI,240,  ItM  (In  part:  Xus.  33899, 3<t872, 

33«3a,  33650, 33906, 33844,  aai  33878) ;  uut  of  BbaN. 


^3uU.  MVOXOrKPItALirS  XEDXirS,  U.  A.  Ituu,  new  upecixii. 

HeadSi;  depth  4*;  eye  I  in  head.  D.  VIII.  17;  A.  la;  V.  I.  3;  P.  14; 
C.  11.  I'roflle  of  head  :in<l  body  graduiilly  iiwcvndiug  fioiu  tip  of  mioiit  to 
nixtb  dorsal  N]>iuu.  tlieuru  tupering  to  luudul  pednnilf?;  ventral  liiiealiiiuet 
utrjiight,  tilightly  t:ip<jring  to  naudiil  pudmirlr-,  longe-st  dorsal  spine  iilinnKt 
at)  long  an  Inugcst  my,  if  in  hnud  inrlndiug  tliip.  Mouth  tnodcriite,  itiux- 
illary  reaching  jibmit  to  vertical  thniti^h  middle  of  eye.  I'ectoralt*  Ijtrge, 
rt-aching  slightly  beyond  anjil  origin,  tlic  in iddl»«  ray.s  being  (  aa  long  uh 
thii  head  ;  vi-iitrala  nimleru-tely  well  ilovetnpi-d,  r<'a<'hing  unal;  uual  origin 
nndiT  third  ray  of  dorsal,  Piiiliiig  under  foitrtoeulh  ray  of  that  lin.  c;ill 
membranes  miite<l,  forming  ti  fold  atross  the  iathinua.  Proorulur  .Hpiues 
moderate;  opercuhtr  iipinoH  but  niodorately  developed;  2  flattiah  tubular 


'  ('oUu*  nuirmoratit*  in  thus  ilsiiorfticd: 

"TJ.  8-14;  A.  \2;  C  14.  Ktc.  Vue  nw-nniln  p»[im-<?.  uUnervi'C  dan»  con  piinigi;><  par  !<•« 
natural iKti<n  dc  laniPnioexiKilitiori.  ni'  [tamU  Ji««  mm  pl(i«  •>>  rnpjxirtrra  juiluiiv  Av  crlloa 
nun  nniia  avona  di'crlttn.  OiM*tit  cliuljidnwau  u  di'iix  TorU'it  rpinrii  aiii  duvinit  <li' I'li'll. 
Ik'iix  ttiitn-ii  (It'll  aIariu<-eH  uii  bord  ilu  pr^operciilt",  itue  iu'lllo  dlriute  vera  l«  ban  hii  biml 
liiiTixoiitjil  dti  nit^me  os,  «t  uim  ai»(u»  I'orli-  it  I'HUKb'  ilo  lipporciilv.  Li-a  rayuDD  I'plm'iiit  du 
la  pn*mir^ro  doT>iilL>  aijjil  anM^z  robiisttiM.  If  ciiiqiiit'^iiu!  tiM  In  pliifl  Utng.  Co  pois^on  a  la 
litf!  ot  1(>  doa  hniBii,  do  (jrnndf»  ninrbnirtu*  briiiu-^  rt  blitucliR*  sur  Inn  iMhi\,  et  TOn;:ii;irr«:.-t 
aur  Il>  vDOlru.  I>a  |iri'ttiirr<'  doraoli'  cv<t.|,iuiii..  iivie  iitii*  griiiiib-  Laclio  branu,  qui  purl  do  la 
poiiKo  du  <inntri^ini-  niyon  ot  df'HiM'm)  •>Ulir|iii'iiiHiit  .|iii*<|;u'aii  pied  Uii  septii'mc.  I<a 
aeooDdt*  durHulu  I'st  roii^ft*.  La  i^audab*  jaiini',  iiuirbrt>i<  di<  niux.  La  {xH'torald  hrunc  A  la 
baae  et  jfinDo  BU.>^(iito.  Le  Jaunt*  i^t  trui'i-rae  pur  truia  raien  clrciilatrea  brunca  pri^?«  do 
rfixtr^^niit^ii  dt?H  ruyoiin.  L'niiali'  i-at  blant'liiltru  «t  lju'bt-ti<o  *b'  iioinbroax  point*  rongoi^. 
Kousno  oonnalaaoDi  anui  oette  caitOc»  <|U0  par  un  desslo  lang  do  iiiiatro  poacea,  com- 
nunJqui  par  M,  da  Msrtona,"    ( V'aleDoieiiDeg.) 


1984         Bulletin  ^j,  United  States  National  Museum. 


|>orea,  1  uu  each  sitlu  of  frout  of  eye;  nuiueroits  pores  on  lie«d;  2  rows  of  '■ 
purvH,  1  altove  nod  1  below,  the  raised  ridgi^  rnnning  litterally  on  dor<al 
liiilf  uf  Iiixly.  Cteiiornl  culor  dark  raddisli  lirown.  mottled,  barrvd,  aitd 
8|)utl«il  witL  whitt>;  under  |iart8  whitish;  )i  wide  wliitiah  l>nr  from  oper- 
i'Ihh  iiomss  uape;  [losterior  ]>;iit  of  interorbital  »pao4>  whitish;  the  ilafk 
color  ou  front  orauoatantl  uiuUt  lower  jaw  relieved  by  \hsth  hiuI  innttling» 
of  whitish;  pfM-tniuls  and  vontrnh  barred;  rays  of  caiidul  finely  luottled: 
neviTul  (5)  Hmall  white  spnts  on  body  iiiiinodiatcly  l>ehind  i>».«tor»I  ori^u. 
nud  ueviTal  larger  whity  hiotclies  on  lower  ]K)slerior  liulf  of  body .  l^rint: 
Sou.  A  HJugle  exaiuplf,  'J.  inches  long.  It  is  allied  to  M.  lU'Hrri,  from 
whirh  it  iliffers  greatly  in  form  and  coloration,  (Type.  No.  S:Mi8,  I*.  S 
Nut.  MiiM.  t'olli-cted  at  Medui  (Copper)  Ihluud,  Doring  Sea,  spriuf;  of  l!^ 
by  Dr.  L<^onbard  .Stejiiegcr.)  (B.  A.  Bean.)  (AfAini,  the  lin.ssian  uaiiir, 
nieanhii;  Copper,  of  the  island  where  the  Apei-ieH  waa  found.) 

ilf/uivcf yltalun  iiitdiiiu;  U,  A.  BSAN  MS.,  iu  JOHOA.N  Ic  (JIUIKRT.  lU'pt.  For  Seal  Invaatio 
Uoni,  1808,  Medui  Island.    (Tjim,  No.XISSS.    ColLL.StigiiKgcr.j 

SU7.  MYU\<M  f:|-IIIIAK  MTOSl'N*  (TltTzmaloin). 


Head  2}  ;  ibptb  li.  1).  IX,  15;  A.  13;  P.  17;  livtrral  linr  33  to  35.  H*:nl 
c'ompurativi'ly  di'pp  and  couipn'sspil,  with  large  uiouth,  narrow,  drt-pU 
cournve  intrrorbital  space,  and  dcprt«(*<*ed  ciincuve  oovipnt,  which  •• 
bounded  by  strung  Ititi^ral  <'re.st«;  at  the  anterior  end  of  theoc  r.r«i<t<*  tbrv 
are  eui'h  arcniiipanird  mi  tlii>  outiT  Hid(^  by  a  short  ridgn,  and  on  tbe  inDei 
side  by  a  still  nlitirtcl'  ful<;i'  or  a  small  tubercle.  The  occipital  crt-sts  coo- 
vurjfe  strongly  toivanS  the  nape;  temporal  ridgeft  also  strong;  a  nhort  filn- 
iiient  :il>iivL<  pnsturior  cdg>'  of  orbit  and  1  at  posterior  end  «f  occipilal 
crest,  ouch  niirtiKiaiitiiig  a  very  low  tnbercle.  Upper  preopercnlar  .<(piue 
straight,  directed  tnward  opercular  tbip,  scarcely  re.-icbing  middle  of  oper- 
ele,  ilH  length  8  diameter  of  orbit;  the  second  spine  is  S  length  of  npp<<r, 
dirci.'ti'd  ilownwuni  and  backward;  the  thinJ  poinln  downward  and  for- 
ward, the  biug  interval  between  it  and  the  seeoml  being  smooth,  withntil 
spine  or  tubercle.     Tbe  contiguous  auglea  of  sub-  and  inter-opercles  ar« 


*  AUlvd  to  it.  nii'iifui  18  till'  r»llowing  iipvuies  from  tUo  OkliotJik  Sr«-. 

H}lotottphalut  brantlH  (StilINIjacu.vku). 

Henri  2{:  rteplli  5.     D.  IX.  13;  A.   11  ;  P.  17.     ncad  narrowed  for«iir,l    thn  \n-wm  ymw 
inclndml.    Ev«  6  in  hi>ad,  a  litlli'  lurff^T  Ibiiu  hdoiiI  ;  int^^nirbitnl  Hp  r^uc*T«. 

1)   ill  eye.    A  riitlicr  lonj:  t<>tilai']«  alMiVL<  oyc  jmnlpriarly :  bcliinil   '  luw  and 

nkUtur  sbarn,  convprRiun  with  it*  fi-llnw.  nud  lucloaiue  "  dpprc»».l   ,  -  i">  -f»-«- 

iKi  »|)ino  »t  (in  [Misterior  end;  nii«nl  i(f>infii  promiiiput ;  jimipi'irU' w"lli.i»r  it 

Bbf>rter  tbau  eye,  t1i(>  iii*ci>nd  iu»l  \  it»i  Icnuth,  Ibe  third  ^tlnirl.  blunt,  urjii  .' n 

ward;  operi'tilar  fspino  blunt.  cimiTult^d ;  Hupnutr;ipulA  witli  a  .«iit^l*'  i'>"  y  u( 

hpttcl  rovei-rd  with  ^^iiiiill  rounded  wftft*.     Lalprnllinc  witb  thin  Ikhi  v  ,|a 

parpA  HPiidinc  iiiitniirourt  aiiiiidL' briujcbos  ubovo  »nrt  below  ;  IkMow  :  .ir* 

of  fiRiall  cro»»  niftteii,  lubolikc  appnnmllv  coimwti-il  wiili  tbn  rvhici..  ''1 

er;J  iin*';  ih*  nunid*^!  bony  plnte»  or  scufe*.     LoDgi'.*!.  di'rf»ftl  *pihn  .i  in  i 

uiiMb*rii1e,  H  little  niorfi  iliau  \  bead;  vtMitinl  '1\  in  lin;4d.     Ili*ad  liliiinb  vin!< 
of  liody  rwbliah  yellow  ;  Tlolct  iimrbliniin  nn  the  lowiT  Up  and  mi  ilw-  »..! 
.|ii«.  luHvinji  lln'  ground  color  to  fomi  ocellutwl  «i)otK;  iluii  viiilei  - 
vciitralH  iiutfonu  ^■ellon'lHh.     Koon'U  from  I  KiHM'ImvD  n  incbin  I'  ; 
tli«  Amur  liivvr.    (Stuiudttcboor.)    (Probably  iuiuiimI  fur  tbe  oulm,*;  u.^...ij,  .^.,.r^v^,. 
Urandt.) 

VMtu  bratidli,  STUHPACHlfER,  lehlb.  Nollien,  v,  0,  Taf.  3,  tigs.l.  2, 18«T,  mouth  of  the  Amur 
River.    <Typ«,  iu  Vi«UDaMuB.) 


providcfl  witli  proiiiinciices  which  aro  not  spine-liko;  opercle  and  snpra- 
Bcapiila  each  with  iv  strong  riilgc  cuUitig  iti  a  spine;  do  scapnlar  npine. 
Nssul  spines  ginall,  uot  projertiiig;  top  of  heml,  iiupe,  autl  8iil>oi'bitnl 
riiiji<;  with  aninll  wartf,  iimny  of  which  contain  openings  of  tho  luucoiis 
cunaiN;  lioth  pairs  of  iiiwti-ils  with  short,  wide  tnliun.  .laws  and  voniiT 
with  wide  linudsof  cardifonu  tt-eth  of  nipial  n'v/.v.  A  ronnd  pore,  nearly  hh 
large  us  nostril,  irtim»(li:itely  Itehind  last  gill:  gill  meinlirnnes  with  a 
tdiort  free  Itordcr  nieRially.  Leiist  interorliitnl  width  ?  diameter  of  orbit, 
which  is  \  length  of  bead  to  tip  of  opercular  spine;  gTi'iitest  width  of 
head  1*  in  itx  length.  Month  large,  tlio  lower  jaw  inclndml,  the  maxillitry 
reuching  the  vertical  immediately  behind  the  orbit,  its  lougth  'Jf  in  head. 
Third,  fourth,  ami  fifth  dorsjil  spines  ncurly  c>r|aul.  the  fifth  lougeHt,  ei|ual 
to  length  of  f<nout  iiiul  i  eye;  n  very  sliort  interspace  between  the  2  dor- 
sals; weeond  dorsal  very  high,  I  he  longest  rays  eqnnling  length  of  snout 
and  eye;  candal  gently  rounded  when  sprond,  its  leugth  i  that  of  beud 
to  end  of  opercnlnr  .^pine;  ventuilH  reaching  halfway  to  front  of  uual. 
equaling  height  of  second  dorsal;  pectorals  scarcely  to  voot,  the  length 
of  the  longest  rays  equaling  distance  from  eye  to  tip  of  opercular  spine; 
vent  midway  between  base  of  cnndnl  and  b.-vw  of  lower  pectoral  ray; 
skin  everywhere  sniot^th.  Coloration  very  dark  on  back  and  sides,  white 
below,  with  traces  of  bluctuHli  cross  bars  below  the  dorsal  tins;  along 
jower  part  of  sidea  u  ntimber  of  liirge  roundish  white  spots,  wliich  are 
present  also  in  a  band  along  baae  of  annl,  Itecomiag  smaller  posteri- 
orly and  toward  middle  of  siiles;  sides  of  head  aud  body,  and  espeoislly 
the  dorsal,  inudal,  iind  pi-etonil  tins  with  scattered  small  spots  of  pearly 
\rhit<i;  spinous  dorsal  with  large,  ronndish.  Irunsparenl  spot8,  the  anal 
margined  with  while  iiIkI  marked  with  scattered  white  spots  of  various 
sixes  and  shapes:  the  thickened  pectoral  rays  largely  white;  ventrals  with 
3  dusky  cross  bars;  lower  lip  and  uiamlible  with  white  areas  surrounded 
hy  dusky  rctioaliitions.  Okhotsk  .Sea,  the  type  from  St.  Olga  May.  Here 
dttscribod  from  a  large  spucimen  Mtlcni.  long  from  Itiirnp  Island,  one  of  the 
Kurlls,  (Coll,  Alliatroft.)  t>tir  specimen  agrees  well  with  the  description 
of  the  tunrh  smaller  typo  (IHS  mm),  apparently  ditToring  in  the  shorter 
pectoral.''  and  more  deeply  concave  interorbital  space.  The  white  spots 
also  show  no  tendency  to  rnn  together  to  form  streaks  either  along  bai^k 
or  on  the  buises  of  tho  tins.     (niroxH*,  snowy,) 

ColiuM  nivomu,  IltiixinoiTBi'.  M jlsDgM  Hioloeiqui-*  du  Boll.  Arwl.  Imp.  ScL  Pal«nb.,  xii. 

Il.%,  IMW,  St.  OleaBay. 
Hyiaactphsxliu  nii'oou,  .1  < iuitun  &  OlUKKT,  B«pt.  Kiif.  SmI  loveat.,  1888. 


tun.  MTOXOl'EPHAIX'N  MUKR  (Bean). 
(BiAClc  SrtiuriK.) 

Hefid  2i.  n.  IX  or  X.  16;  A.  11  or  12;  V.  I,  3;  P.  10;  B.  (5.  Nasul 
spine.K  hliiut,  covered  with  skin;  no  spines  above  orbits  or  on  occiput;  uu 
sharp  spines  on  head  except  tho  2  npper  preoperonhir  sptnos,  which  ar^ 
almost  couce.'vled;  the  uppermost  ns  long  ;is  eye,  i>  in  h<md,  and  eqnni  to 
snout  or  intcrorhitjil  space;  top  of  hea«l  with  line  dermal  grnnnlatioiut,  the 


1986 


DuUeiin  //,  United  States  National  Museum. 


vertex  with  nuiueroua  slemlvr  tentailes;  a  Moft  teiitikclu  of  moileral* 
leD^rth  iihovo  eyo;  jaws  (><ni!il,  tUo  lowi-r  8li<;htly  included ;  inaxillxrx 
louger  tbiiii  fourlli  dorsul  spino,  2  in  houd,  roacliiugliiuder  luur^iii  of  orbit. 
Caudal  aiul  veutrivls  eiich  i  lonj^h  of  htrjul;  pectoral  «ot  reiii-hin^j  vcut; 
skill  RDitiiitli.  A  biiimU  slit  behind  Inat  jfill.  Color  typically,  :i]triost  I'Lick; 
Bides  iiiottleil  with  ]i;;liter  lirowii,  siiiiietiiuea  with  niund  white  blou^ht* 
nil  lii'Uy  and  siilt-s;  ptn-toral  iihiiii  iir  with  white  blotches.  >Sp«ciiiieiia  from 
grauitic  rucliM  b.tre  Baiidi-.'l  coliiratiou  curreHpondiiig  to  the  hae  of  th«  .<«ar- 
ronndiu^rg.  I'ribilof  iHlauds;  vory  nbiiudaut  iu  the  crevice*  of  bliM'k  I«V» 
rocks  of  St.  Piiiil  and  .St.  (jeorge.  A1n»  obtained  in  some  abnudauoe  alMUt 
tb(!  KnmundiivHki  Islands,  Medni  iind  Boring. 

ThiH  strongly  niarkwl  specleB  CUM  bt*  readily  distinguished  by  its  pecn- 
liar  roioTutioii,  thi*  greatly  thi<kt>tit'il  naked  wkiu  whirh  ptirtiuUy  roooeala 
th«  Hh(irt  n:iNiil  iiiiil  <ip>>('i]hir  Hpiiies,  niid  the  nunieroiiB  l4'nta<-le(*  saruinunt- 
ing  tht<  wiirty  tuborilt'.s  on  crown  and  (luciptit.  The  finti  may  be  unifomdy 
blutk  with  a  ii:»rrow  white  tip  txi  the  soft  rays,  or  may  be  more  or  lew 
variegated  with  white.  On  the  soft  duisal,  tbcne  marks  are  in  the  form  uf 
white  spots  whirb  may  become  eoulliieiit  tii  form  1  or  2  streakH.  In  some 
s)iei'imenB,  the  i-jiiubil  rnwiibranos  are  white  in  thfiir  middle  portion  the 
rays  remaining  black.  The  iiridr^r  sid"  of  Iwatl  and  the  maxillary  mem- 
braucs  ar*>  sntnctiini'H  marked  with  largu  bluckiith  spots  with  ill>d<Hinc«l 
edges. 

In  addition  to  lhc>  miunto  pores  wlitch  lie  at  inter\-Bl8  along  the  coiirs' 
uf  the  lat<?rul  linu,  the  latter  gives  off  pairs  of  lateral  branches,  each  of 
whii'h  npons  in  ^  or  more  small  pon^s.  The  sides  of  the  head  are  also  thickly 
Htud'lcd  with  pores.  Owing  to  the  thirkened  iut^gmuout,  the  pectoraU 
and  veutrals  are  mortt  largely  tiduate  tu  the  body  than  in  other  apecie«. 
The  fin  rays  are  as  t'ollow.s,  in  10  specimens: 


I'Jrst  dortnl. 

Scsrand  dorMul. 

Anal. 

Pectoral. 

IUy« 

IX, 

X, 

IS. 
1 

16. 

n. 

It. 

U. 

1&. 

IT. 

• 

i 

8 

I 

> 

T 

% 

8 

(nii/rt-,  lilack.) 

'  ('i>f(u«tn«r(rnjni,*  CuviRR  ii  TALENCnNTnw,  TTiiit  Kst  Pniit8..vni,  4M,  1831,  PetropauUki; 

•IU  a  drawtD);  by  MsKTrts, 
Vatltu  nigrr,  Hean,  I'rur.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mil*.,  IT,  IfWl,  ISl,  St.  Paul  Iiland,  Pribilof  Ulaod 

(Coll.  II.  \V.  EllloU) ;  JOBOAK  i  GlUiKllT.  S.viio(wii8.  707, 18i«. 
ifyaz/iai>haliu  nujer,  Joboa.n  &  Giljiert,  Kopt.  Par  Seal  lUTiMt.,  18M. 


•  CoUus  tturtnini.  \»  thna  dftmrlbcfl :  II  so  ropprocln'  dii  prtit  e1l»lloj|lK^an  il« OnWnlaiwI 
|>nr  In  uomlm'  (!■■  rayuonde  Inuulc!;  niais  piir  ceiix  de<<  di>r»»lvK  il  cut  plu»  voiitindu  C-jlimt 
octa-tUeitti-^tiuotiix,  el  il  a  }vtt  t'plnoA  tic  In  pn'iiii^re  ilorHult^  toiiL  uutuii  f.irt***.  Vnii-i  |*« 
uciinltn>H  I'oiiipti'ii  jiiir  le  iDiliinUiHti'  ru«*H.      i>.  H,  15;  A.  12.    1.  Ill:    I'  '■^     ■  '  ■       vrn 

|mralt  ll!4!io;  saiii  t-plDvn  proM  ilr»  niaritii's.     Ln  pitliiti' dii  pr('*(i|)rrcul4  J<^ 

ue  ropcrcnle.     Lp-<r<ml<'iir»  itnli'im fH  mir  le  ritHHln  ijnl  iinuH  »  i-U'  ron;  1.. 

MpiiruH,  (■tiiU-nt  d<<  (innnk'a  nmrltnipe*  iln  liiMtre  I'uuc^  Bar  un  fondjnuiiuuc.     ■  •■  •i.-.-ji 
rcproonte  na  Indiviua  luug  <t«  ImJt  puacu. 


Jordan  and  Evermann, — Fishes  of  North  America. 

732.  MEGALOCOTTUS,  Oill. 

jrcffOiacoUui,  (Inx.Pl'oc.  Ac.  N«f.S<l.  riiiln.  tBW,  lOfl  (p\auje*itkttlnt\. 

Thia  genns  incluilea  lar^to  Hi;ii1piD»,  with  brcuKl  llat  beaiU,  >Ufieriiig  from 
M>fOioce\iha\uH  rhictly  i«  tlm  sli;ir[i1.y  j>roii'<'tiu|{  lower  jaw ;  tln^  preii|)»5iclfi 
liiiH 'J  apiiies,  tilt'  iip|>ff  Rlioit  nnil  Hfriiijiht,  ttuv  lowt>niio»t  tiiriii'd  down 
wiird  ;  ili'iitiitiim  iis  in  ^ftjuxlw>■^ha^n*•,  «iiipi;i8(-apiila  with  IfwpiticniM  prnjer- 
tiuim;  tup  of  licml  wiirty;  siili-s  with  rouuili'tl  tiiliurcles  in  the  adult;  liit- 
cntl  liue  uf  HcpanUed  poren;  u  large  poru  behind  laat  gill.  North  Pacitic. 
(niytxi,  (treat;  xortoi,  cottiis.) 

o.  ItiturnrliituI  apacp  uioderat«.<,  alwnt  equal  to  eye  iu  mlult:  Tcntral*  rftaching  uia] 
papilla.  PLAT  ycKfiiALfs.  2159. 

cut.  Iiitt<r»rbltiil  space  very  broul,  1|  (liuu»ter  ofoyo  in  iulolt;  Toutrals  but  rouchiuj; 
rent.  LATlcEPHiZ3aO. 

23au.  MEIULIK  OTTliS  I'LATTfEl'llAhUS  (Pallt*). 

Hewl  3.  D.  VIII,  13;  A,  12;  V.  I,  3;  P.  1«  or  17;  lateral  line  40.  Lower 
jaw  HOiuewUiit  louder  than  npp(>r;  eye  5  iu  head,  as  long  tiH  snuiit;  iiaHuI 
aptnos  di»tin<-t;  orliital  riiu  luodenitoly  promiiiiMit;  a  low  ridgo  bidiind  it 
toward  the  ocripnt,  withant  «pines  or  points.  Top  of  Iieud  hetwocii  tlieso 
ridges  forming  u  i(n:ulrunKulMr  dojiruNsiou,  as  liroad  tis  the  «j-e  in  front, 
hut  narrower  tit-hind.  Top  ttf  head  covered  with  naked,  warty  skin. 
Preo|»erek<  with  J  sipines.  thr>  tip|H-r  aa  long  as  eye,  directed  upward  mid 
biK'kwiird,  till'  Heninil  mmh  sliortur,  \\w  nlhora  directed  downward,  Dper- 
cli»  with  11  long  forked  ridge,  ending  in  2  Hliort  diverging  Mpincs;  u  Kpiuo 
dirt^ctod  dowtiwatd  un  suliupercle;  two  sharp  apint'S  011  xcapulur  region, 
tho  lower  the  lunger  and  touching  tho  first  tube  of  the  lateral  line.  Lat- 
eral line  cotiiplete,  ahure,  it  niinierons  roundeil  bony  plates  umiod  with 
apinuliia  :i.s  in  .U.  ttilicepn;  these  in  2  rows  aiiteiiorly  and  1  iiosteriorly ;  ft  few 
eimilar  plali's  below  lateral  line.  Finu  all  hi^h,  the  soft  dorHsI  especially 
BO.  Color  dark,  with  many  dark  shades  ttud  h(ioLh  on  throat  and  belly, 
esprcially  on  gill  nienibriines;  HideK  and  belly  (in  males)  with  irregular, 
round  white  spotn;  first  dorsal  with  round  pnlt*  8pot8,  thi^  meiubranes 
otherwise  largely  dusky;  anft  dorsal  with  3  or  4  dark  nlditjiie  cross  shades, 
between  wliii-h  are  rows  uf  palo  spots;  anal  witli  4  dark  oblii(Uf  cross 
shades;  caudal  with  3  narrower  dark  stri]ti>K;  pectoral  with  4;  veutriils 
duaky  with  pale  spots.  Okhotsk  Si>a  and  woi^ti'rn  part  of  Uering  Sea. 
This  d<-'«cription  (after  Kulm)  frinu  a  sinsjle  Hpeciinen,  7J  incluw  long,  from 
Docostris  Bay,  near  the  month  of  the  Amur.  The  species  is  close  to  .V. 
JaliotpB,  wbieh  has  been  rworded  from  Alaska  as  Cottun  Uinioptevut,  but  the 
2  spccie.H  are  iliffereut,  ami  tlit:  tyijr  of  .1/.  plahiciplialuf  h:iH  the  narrower 
lutiTorbital  spai-e  of  M.  taiiiopterut.  So  fiir  as  known  .V.  lalicrpn  is  found 
on  the  oii«itern  .nbure.**  of  Uering  Sea,  anil  M.  pUiitifrplntluK  on  the  western, 
l>r,  IlilgiMidorf  lias,  at  our  re<|iie8t,  ri'Hi;;»niiuud  Paltas's  type  of  platif- 
oeplialuit,  II  speciuii'ii  a  foot  long.  He  notes:  Lower  jaw  i»rojeoting;  tin 
rays  not  easily  coittitt'd,  the  skin  lieiug  dried  and  varnished.  D.  VIII-M; 
A.  11.  A  Bketi'b  of  the  head  shows  the  uriuaturc  of  .\f.  hilict'pr,  but  the 
oyas  closer  together,  1  diameter  apart.    There  Is  a  bltint  tubercle  behind 


1988  Bulletin  ^7,  United  Stales  National  Museum. 


eacli  aye  and  1  at  the  occiput ;  the  spine  on  the  suprikHCipula  is  fork«d,  aijd 
the  lower  fork  is  twice  tin-  length  of  the  other.  The  npper  prvupercnlur 
spiiif  iR  iibout  \  lougcr  than  thi-  necond.     (w-larL'?,  broad;  xtipaXv,  he»4.) 

Oottv  platycrphaliu,'  I'allas,  Zougr.  ICoano-Aaiat.,  111,135, 1811.  KamchatlcSi  after  Stsl- 

IJCR;  CUVIER  &  VAI.BSi'mNNRs.  HiHt.  Nal.  Tulsa..  IV,  177, 1820. 
Cottti*  tmtiopler^iM,  Kneh,  SItslicr  Ak.  WUs.  Wien,  LVtli,  MM.  1«,  T»f,  U,  fig.  10,  Decastrt* 

Bay.  near  mouth  of  Amur  River.     (No.  ^&74.  Mnii.  Wient 
iicj/aUtcotlwi ptali/cejihaliui.  (Jill,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat,  Sci.  I'LUa.  1801, 106. 

SSftO.  NGOILOCOTTIIK  LATICBPS  (GitlxTt). 

This  Hp«oiee)  diflfers  from  if.  platiiccphalm  (ttpnioptrrvt,  aa  shown  in  Kner'a 
fignre)  in  tlio  following  respect*:  The  intororbital  width  ia  gr<j«ter,  li 
timt","!  thu  UiaTiieter  of  tlio  eye  in  lalivvpt,  equaling  the  eye  iu  ptiilyephaltn. 
•Siniihtrlj  the  <list.'nioo  between  the  iiuterior  ends  of  ocoipitAl  ridjjra  ia  1} 
tiiiiHrt  di;iraeter  uf  eye  iu  latirrpi,  eqnal  to  eye  iu  plalyaphalnK.  Conspicu- 
ous Hupraorhital  Jind  occipiliil  tubercles  in  latictpi,  each  8nraioutitC4l  by  a 
fleshy  litauieiit;  iu  plulyriphalus  "crown  and  occiput  uro  without  protiii- 
neuct'8  or  spines,  covered  only  with  naked  wnrty  akin."  In  laticept  the 
preoporcle  bus  2  ilivergiuj;  spines,  a  single  downwardly  directed  spine 
below  tbLMii,  In  plaliictphahn  are  2  downwardly  directed  spines  below  tb«> 
!iiigl<>.  Tho  ventriils  art*  nincli  shorter,  not  reiicbing  vent  when  depreaaed, 
while  in  plaiyciphahit  they  rKneb  tlii>  aual  p:ililbc.  Tho  dorsala  are  Also 
umcb  lower  in  }nliri-fm.  Th«  ]iriu('ipii|  features  of  this  species  are  the  very 
liriia<l  lliit  h(>a<l,  shoit  wide  aiiniit,  proji'cting  low^r  jaw,  the  2  pairs  of 
cophiiUc  tubercles  provided  with  tubercles,  the  verrucoso  head,  the  very 
short  preopcrcnliir  spiuos,  tho  large  pore  li<<bind  the  last  gill,  the  yiresenre 
of  circtilar  spiuotis  plates  above  tho  lateral  line  and  prickleA  below  it. 
Hi'.id  and  anterior  jiart  of  body  broad,  depMissed.  tin-  depth  of  head,  at 
occiput,  1}  iu  its  greatest  width,  its  length  21  in  body.  Uo<ly  tapering  to 
a  r*lendflr  cundal  peduncle,  wboso  least  lieigbt  i.se<}ual  to  diameter  of  eye. 
Depth  of  body  1  to  Ai  in  length.  Interorbital  space  very  wide,  sballnwl} 
ooiicttve,  its  width  H  times  dinmeter  of  orliit,  and  4  to  I J  in  bead.  The  low 
snpr.'iociilar  ridge  t-nds  in  :i  bl  it iittubercb- above  hinder  margin  of  eye  which 
grows  higher  with  age,  depressed,  bounded  by  2  low  ridges  which  con- 
verge very  strongly  toward  the  nape,  where  they  curve  ont  agaiu  in  low 
rounded  tubercles:  tho  iu<-losod  depressed  area  is  twice  as  wide  anteriorly 
as  it  is  at  the  narrowest  posterior  part,     A  strong  temporal  ridge,  leas  dis- 

*  Tlio  fullowini;  la  tho  nnliataDCe  of  Pallaa'a  aeconnt  of  OoUv*  platycrfihaluM.  D,  VII. 11; 
A.ll',  C.  III.  I'.IS;  V.I, 3.  U<<ad  lurce,  iiiiirh  iU>preiMie<l, ii«  tlioucb  cnotliiyl.aA  bnwil  an 
bmly.  T;itl  itb'Uilcr;  uiouth  \aip.'.  luwor  law  projeclioK:  l«ctli  on  vumrr.  uotir  on  }i*\t- 
liiif'fl.  llnlly  ninrh  IriHatt^d.  Xiwtrils  tiibiilnr.  Kyt-a  iiMMliirntt'.  ucnr  Uicfthcr;  \i-r-t<-v 
Mat  lipliiiii)  tilii>  rvf-».  tvilli  n  ridj^r  on  each  aido,  in  frfiiit  of  whirl),  iirar  1)i.'  Krl'lt.  >•  t 
Iwiiiy  tubi-ri'lc;  buliind  at  tho  iitt|«\  obloug  tulxjitle-i,  ciifh  t-iidinj;  iu  ii  «li' r 
opcrcle  witha  vervHtroDB,  dlverijins  Hpinrii  nUovR;  <i|><-iit1e>  villi  »  (Hiiicealnl  ,i 

lino  with  c<inci'alBd,<'l(»n({atc  idalox;  iM'twisiu  it  ami  flip  ilnrwal  »nino  n.-ui  ■  .., 

wart*, Minalli-rom^  Im'Uvw ;  iH*ton»Ia  lnri:«?;  dor.-iiU  Hubies  f^t•^^|«^.     olivjj.  .mh-  .       .]. 

ilfLltHi  with  gn'Htiijth  liiieN  on  fiidox  »t  iMKly  liidovv;  Mni>t.>4  l;4ri;»'  boli-w    i:>-    f  i..      .^.,--,1* 
trrvnalnci'Dt,  vnriwl  with  brown:  caudal  yellowinh  wflh  I'ujnt  baniN  '•  ■  .    i    ,:>-,! 

Iiftiidml.     Lt-ntth  12  iiuhfa.     Kftnidiallift.     (I'allnH)     Tlw  l.vin' in  tin 
ban  no  t4*otli  on  the  riahitiiu/K.    Tli*'  (;«uorit!  mum*  M^rjatfxoffVM  wan  or^ .  i.i^ 

■u]lfK^K<•llprnM<nl'•>nr  luUatiue  t4!«ih,  n  Inllflcliiiiit  i-hnracttT.     Thi;  char  .  .i 

infi  chio  liaa,  howovvr.  urorrir  value.     I'allna  Huyn:   "In  area  IfUlttU  paliiLiu  tULtlii  ti 
Btiinque  Uneort,"  which.lf  wo  triui8Ut«  it  oorrectly.  ii  not  true. 


1 


Jordan  and  Evemtann. — Fishes  of  North  Atnetica.     1989 


tinct  in  yonng  sppcmiciis.  N.-isnl  epint'S  very  sninll.  MoTitL  widf,  trnus- 
vtTsu,  olilujiie,  tlie  iiiuxillary  n'ucbiug  \  iTtical  from  hiiuler  adgo  of  pupil, 
2i  in  Ih'.-mX  ;  mEiixlililr  with  its  Iriaii^iilnr  tip  pnitriiiUiij;  w»>ll  Iteyond  upper 
jaw  ill  ixliiIlB,  tilt;  Jiiwh  ncurly  iMiiitif  in  youti*;;  lf«i)gtlt  »f  aiiiiut  equal  to 
iiitorurliiliil  vviiltli.  Uitntla  of  Ntioit  tMinlit'onii  tcotli  nn  thu  jitwa,  aud  u 
broad  putcli  ua  voiuer;  noneoa  palutiuus.  A  uuu.Hi^iiiiiuiiH  pure  luiliiiid  liuit 
fjill.  (lill  iiiembraui'H  iiliiinKt  wholly  jrjinod  tu  tlm  tHtlitiiiis,  tlie  froe  lionior 
Hcareely  nntict-iible,  its  width  \a»»  tbitii  \  dii>iii«tcrot'  tbt^  HriiatI  ]iupil.  Kyu 
ainall,  abortcr  tlii^ii  siiniit,  \>i  to  6i  in  Li>;iil.  I'rcop«-rolc  witb  '2  »lioit  otroii^ 
HpiiicK  diviTgiiijj  backward,  and  a  utroujj  ooucwiled  jioiiit  below  dircctud 
downward  aii<l  l-oi'ward:  upper  ]>rt!ii|ii3rful!ir  Hpiiio  :ibaiit  ciiiinl  Ineye,  Iiiit 
lillb-  longer  tltiiii  tbo  lower  ikiid  reartiiu|;  ^  the  diHtaiittt  from  ita  bane  to 
tbo  tip  iif  tbc  opc-rciilar  Il;i]>;  opertde  with  a  well-maiked  lon^jitiidiual  rib 
eudiu^  iuasbiirii  pnirit ;  Biapnlar  and  .Hubc>pereutar8piiiespre»«nt.  Kiitiru 
top  and  HideH  of  Lt5ad,  nape,  and  anterior  doroal  region  eovered  with  Miiiall 
deruial  wart-s;  Bopniorbitid  oiol  occ-ipitul  hjbereb-B  with  sliort  lilaiuent», 
Spai'o  iibovi-  tlio  lateral  iiiiu  witL  an  irregular  aerie.s  or  double  seri<>«  of 
larj;«»  roand  Hjiiiiuiis  tobereleH;  a  few  srattureil  jilates  on  «ide«  below  tbn 
lateral  Hue;  axil  Hiiiooth;  plateu  of  lateral  line  coueealed  inskii).  Spinous 
durAal  low,  itn  luiiguHt  spine  14  iu  secoud  dorNul  iiud  3  in  bead.  In  »oiuu 
Hpei<viineiiti  a  single  Hnuof  Hintill  ^barp  txiltorck-R,  rofjeiubliiigHjduefl.  extcQda 
each  Hiile  of  tb<s  rayn  of  the  sL'euiid  dor8»I.  The  li  <lorHit].H  are  Mijiarated  by 
a  narrow  space;  ppelorala  large,  roiiRhtiig  front  of  anal,  the  lower  rays 
inueh  tbiekeUed;  eaiidal  roiiuiled;  ventrals  rciicbili<;  ||  dlntanett  to  vent. 
Dorsal  IX,  11;  auallH;  jiectoral  IW;  venlra/ll,;{;  lateral  line 31)  to -10.  Color 
dark  olive  brown  abovo,  with  faiirt  traees  of  bbukiKh  bars;  aidex  spotted 
ormarbeled  with  wbitisti ;  belly  and  lower  parts  generally  whito;  u  blaok- 
iah  blotch  oi)  rbei'k.s,  1  on  opircle,  ami  a  third  on  front  of  mandilile;  pee- 
toral  ravN  dusky,  the  membrano  wliitinb.  the  liiis  croKsed  by  :<  or  1  wavy 
black  bars,  which  siouK'linies  join,  inelosiiij; oblong  or  roundish  white  areas; 
H]duouB  doriial  not  Uandeil,  the  diiaky  and  traUHlncout  area^  variously 
arranged;  ooft  rlors^al  with  r>obIii|iio  broad  dusky  bars;  anal  with  X  bars 
80)uetini<4H  truitiiig  Iu  iiielosi;  wbilo  ti]>i>t«;  caudu)  stuiilar  to  peetoral  and 
anat ;  brilliantly  colored  nial«8  are  largely  black  on  sides  and  below,  witli 
many  large,  rounded,  partially  conlliieui  ])early  while  apots.  Length  ti  Iu 
11  inches,  (tiilbert. )  East  shore  of  Bering  8ea ;  known  from  i:)spi'ei mens 
from  the  N'nHb:igak  Htver,  near  Its  mouth;  1  from  Herenduen  Hay  on  tlio 
northern  siilo  of  thn  Aliiskan  Peuiiisulu  and  from  Port  Clareaee  (Scofitdd"). 
{latui,  broad;  -erym,  bead.) 

OMUf  terninj.tmu,  Uba.v,  IVcw.  U.S. Mat.Maa.  1881,  '^48;    Bbah.  In  TtllUIEH'S  KaL  Hl»l 

Alunka.S't,  iil.tl,  lljMO:  mil  uf  KKEIl. 
AMitthoeothn  latietp;  Cilbert.  K«i>t,  T7.  S.  TMi  Como).  18113  (ISM},  423,  pU.M  and  37. 

Nuitia^Klc  River  nixl  Hcrendeen  Bay,  Alaska.     (Coll.  Albatroit.) 
MtgaUeotlut  taiietp;  Scoruxu,  in  Jordan  &  Gilbert,  Beiit.  Far  Stti  luTMt.  1898. 

•  Mi  .  Scnllrlil  obwn-M  :  "  We  took  4  npeciiriRns  of  thl»  *i>M!lc«  At  Tort  Clarence,  Ttuj- 
dinbr  froMi  tin-  lyptMi  Allchtly  in  rolonitiim.  Otir  NiwiiiienK  iiro  ilnrk,  HlniuNt  lAiu-M  ,  l>i  Itw 
llm  «nl«rior  imrtliio  of  the  cVoond  dorsal  1»  ;i  durUiT  midillc  lik«  uiurkiiifc  on  Ibi-  Im.,Iv; 
tli«  caiiOul  Ih  l>|ark  at  tbn  linmi  unci  ban  an  iiuilulmiiig  iliirk  \iuDi\  un  lu  |ioalvriiir  IliinI; 
th«  |M>tl(ir»].>«  viiry.  Iiein^  rillier  liiiiid<^il  or  luolEleil,  (One  HpiH-inu^n  lius  iliHtiuct  haiuU  on 
I  pntcirol  wliUo  the  otliora  di«  aitu|>ty  uiuttlcd  with  bUtck.)  There  U  uo  nlit  bvliiiiil  lul 
nill  iircb ," 


1990 


Bulletin  /7.  f-^niled  Slates  National  Xfusrum. 


733.  ZESTICELUS,  .lordiiii  &.  £T«nnaii. 

Xittitetut,  JoRpAK  ti  EvKUXAKM,  Chei^lc-Lut  >'iiilitis.  iU,  I8W  lyro/utiiturvtrnt , 

D4M-p-s<^i)  AciilpiiiB,  closely  nllivil  to  Puroeollti*,  but  witli  the  nkcleWio 
little  ilovfloppii,  tho  li'-ad  »iol't  auil  «ponv;y,  lilti-il  witli  umi-ntis  (.-tiBDiirU. 
lilt"  xkin  iierffctly  siiiootli,  the  latenil  line  refluved  to  a  serias  of  8«paT*t«' 
open  poR'H,  tlu>  verltcal  tins  fpw-rayeU  nud  we.-ik.  Pn-opercular  spinr 
Kloiidcr, fiirvcd  upward.  I)e«?p  m-ivn;  2  Bpecii-a  known;  proliablj  ii*gra«li><l 
from  Poroi'oirnt,  tlio  soft  ekoleton  and  feelil"!  etriicture  being  rvsiilt*  of 
dcep-«fft  lifo.     (Jfrfri'S.  soft-boiled,  teeing,  a  son  of  tLc  god  of  sleep.) 

11.  Dur»ai  rMy»YI  or  VII,  10  tii  I3i  luuil  rayit  8  tu  11|  pectoral  SO;  upper  preoparvulkr 
ijiIdo  naoaUr  not  nacblog  aiwruulor  UMrgtn.  rBurcHocoiL'v.  ssci. 

tSOl.  KKSTirELUK  PUOFl'XDOBVH  (GUIxirt). 

Heail  2J ;  depth  5.  D.  Vi  or  VII.  10  t«  13;  A.  8  to  11 ;  pectoral  20;  t«o- 
tral  I,  3;  lateral  liim  with  17  pores,  Kroiii  abov(<  the  bead  stppean 
sitiaorb  and  evenly  rounded,  without,  projecting  spines  or  rid^tw.  Th<? 
occipitrvl  dopri'(*si(m  in  very  aliallow,  thi'occipitiil  ridges dopres-seii.  m-»ktcvlj 
noticeablo,  ondinj;  in  depressed  spinea,  which  are  made  out  with  dtflicuttv. 
Nudul  spines  undevelopi-d,  the  tia.sal  bone  siuall,  posteriorly  p<>iut«d.  hut 
not  furnished  with  a  projeiting  spine.  I'pper  preoperruliir  spine  strongly 
compruHSud,  curved  upward,  not  reiichinj?  opercular  iiiar;;iii,  it«  louKtL 
eigualing  diameter  of  eye;  no  Bj)ine  at  it«  base  in  front;  below  it  2 
short,  strontc  rtpiues  direi-teil  downward  and  backward,  and  1  more  sicn 
iler  downw.ird  and  forwiinl;  tiperelo  with  11  long^itiidinal  rib  endin^e  in  a 
short  )-piiionH  point;  n  short  8])iDu  on  angle  of  upercle,  »nd  I  below  it  oa 
iijtern])eri:lo.  Mucous  canals  everywhere  greatly  erihitged,  giving  » 
Bjioiijiy  texture  to  the  entire  bead;  eerie*  of  very  conspicuous  pores  on  lb» 
preoperelo,  the  mandible,  niid  below  suborbitnl  chain.  Month  bmutl, 
<ddii|iiu,  tbo  maxillary  ruiichin^  raiiblle  of  pupil,  2^  in  head;  mandible 
slightly  [irotrudinn.  Minute  teeth  in  upper  .jaw,  anteriorly  in  2  rather 
diatin<-t  rows,  laterally  in  narrow  baudi*;  teeth  »u  vomer,  none  on  pala- 
tines, Kye  lonifor  llinu  suoiit,  :ij  to  4  in  head.  lnt«rorbital  width  f  di- 
auieter  of  orbit.  tJill  medibrauos  widely  joined,  with  a  wide  free  pusre- 
rioredgu;  no  slit  in.ir  |iure  behind  last  Kill.  Koily  smooth,  without  ]ilut«», 
granitlMtiuno,  or  lilauients;  n<i  plateA  developed  in  ronncctiun  with  tbf 
lateral  line;  pures  of  lateral  line  in  a  double  series,  the  2  >  losely  approxi- 
mated, tliosfc  of  the  lower  series  mueh  the  larRer;  no  evident  tulterole.t  by 
which  these  eummiiuicato  with  the  main  canal.  Longest  ray*  of  st>coud 
dorsal  J  bngth  of  head,  twiee  the  looge.st  dorsal  spine;  peetoral  reoi'biU); 
front  of  anal  or  slightly  beyond;  ventntls  short,  not  nearly  reaehing  vent. 
IJjiper  parts  very  light  brownish,  the  belly  and  side-s  below  latent!  line 
dark  brown;  lins  btaekish;  mouth  and  gill  cavity  dark.  A  deep-aea 
form,  characterized  by  the  obsolescence  of  the  occipital  and  utuia]  spinea, 
the  absence  of  the  aoc««8ory  spine  in  advance  of  u]iper  preopereub»r  spiriA, 
and  in  the  more  uajneruns  raya  of  dursiil  and  auul  doa.    Length  abvut  2 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.      IJ>01 

isehflt.  BeriiiK  8<»n  in  <1eep  water,  4  BpeeiiiieiiB  known;  frnni  i>i1*  HnalaNka 
In  9BS  fntlioiim,  aud  north  of  Ito^oHlof  iMlnml  at  Alhalrot*  Staliou  3i;:i4,  in 
6tU  f.'ithoiiiH.  where  :i  single  H|it>ciui<'n  58  uiiii.  wii«  obtained.  Tins  Hpcri- 
iiK-'U  c)i»m;1j'  iTKOiiibltw  the  typo  of  ZmticeluB  pro/undorum,  liut  tlli;  .*)]tinea 
ait>  Koiiievrliiit  stronger  thiiu  iii  th«i  Iutt(«r  nii4  th«  tiii»  aborter.  In  the 
Boj;ot!ot'  epiTiiiien  the  iijutor  prrniKTOiiliir  tipiuu  cxteuilii  to  ni!ir);in  of 
operclu,  and  the  ocripila)  Npiiics  aru  innri'  evident,  temitiiiitiD';  in  uhort 
strong ridgeit.  1>.  VII,  10;  A.S;  ]'.'2(K  The  Itjwwr  parts,  ufi  to  aud  iurlud- 
Ing  the  lateralliuL-,  arehlarUish,  the  lino  Hepariitiui;  thciii  frnni  tlio  lighter 
under  parts  very  Bhurply  delined.  Fins  all  black.  Otherwise  osBontially 
88  in  thi>  iyp& itf  X.jtrol'iiniloruiH,  with  which  we  now  consider  it  idonticul. 
The  variation  in  tho  tin  ruys  in  this  8[iDcie.>4  iu  conMidi^niblc,  if  tlie  (ifjures 
(BCivi'ii  by  L)r.  liillwjrt  are  coneot.  One  of  tho  ••otypes,  however,  hue  1'.  'JO, 
not  17  or  18,  as  stiited  by  Gilbert.  'I'hn  {i^igre  also  Hhow»  '20  riiyN  in  the 
pi'ctorai.  ItiilsoHhowH  11  ruyM  iu  the  unal,  while  our  specimen  has  but  8. 
{profuHdorum,  of  the  depths.) 

Acnnlhotolluii  pro/itndorum,  CinjiEirr,  Kept.  V.  S-  Tlnh  Comtn.  1«U3  (1890),  123,  pi.  36,  Bering 

Sea  north  of  Unalaska  Island  at  Albatrofts  Station  3329,  in  399  fathoms. 
Zeitictlut  prufundarum,  JOODiH  it  Gu^EUT,  Kept.  Fur  Seal  InvcalJKulloiu,  IWMi. 


734.  DASYCOTTUS,  Beau. 

/iMyeoMw.  Dkam,  Proc  V.  &  Nat.  Mna.  IHBO,  42  (leHyar). 

Hend  large,  with  large,  bony  tnbercles  nnd  nnmerons  filaments.  Month 
wide,  jiiwB  eipial,  or  lower  Jaw  slightly  projfctiiig.  Teeth  luinntc,  in 
villiform  bandg  iu  jaw»;  vomerine  t«irtb  in  2  piitchott,  separated  by  iiu 
interxpikre;  palate  toolhli-HH  Preoperclo  with  2  HplneA  at  ita  angb<  and  1! 
rndiuientHiy  oiifH  on  e:ii*h  fd^e  of  its  lower  liiub.  Gills  3i,  no  slit  behind 
tho  la«t;  gill  nikers  short,  tuberiMiIiir,  in  inodenitf  niintln-r;  gill  niem- 
britnes  free  Iroui  isjtliiinia;  gtmiudobriinchiii'  pre-sent.  8kin  smooth,  exiept 
on  u:ip<'  liud  iilon;;  ilor.'sMl  himn,  whero  it  lit'iirH  a  fuwamiill,  bony  ttibenleti. 
Spiiioua  dorsul  well  developed  and  aepar.ited  froiu  the  soft  dorsal  by  a 
deep  notch;  puctoriilnumderately  lonj;,  their  riiys  procniTent below;  ven- 
trala  with  aepiue  :iih1  ;t  rays;  cRiirlal  rounded.  North  Paei  tic.  VerycloMo 
to  CottancuhiK,  :t[ipar(>ntly  diiferiug  in  having  otrri  ou  the  bead  and  the 
preopercnlar  Hpinea  nut  hidden  by  skin.     (6<T6vf,  woolly;  C'oilut,) 


tSfi-i.  iUMTIOTTIS  NKTIOER,  Baan. 


Head  2;  depth  X  Ti.  IX,  15;  A.  13;  V.  1,  3;  lateral  line  (poree)  Jl  or  12. 
Eye  nearly  eifiial  to  snout,  |  length  of  bead.  Maxillary  cxjiaud*!  behind, 
its  length  ei|uu]i]ig  that  of  snont  and  eye  t'ombined,  est«ndin|E>  to  a  little 
behind  middle  of  I've,  Pectorjil  extending  to  above  anal  origin;  ventral 
4  as  long  iia  pnfitiirbital  part  of  head ;  longest  dorsal  spine  nbont  eqniiJnig 
eye  iu  length;  spinous  dorsal  with  2  dasky  bonds  extonding  down  on  the 


allies;  auft  dorsal  with  2  banils;  n  similar  one  at  onaOol  base  and  3  norrair ! 
biiiicU  ou  itecotul  liulf  of  fanilal;   piMitoral   iiulistinc'tly   bunded;    faeixi 
8|iei'klt>d  Willi  brown  (lots.    (Henu.)    North  I'aci tic;  the  types  fram  J lha-\ 
lro»»  Station  2X55,  north  latitude  b?*^.  west  longitude  153-  1**',  at  »  dfipth 
of  (i!)  fatbuiu8,  off  Sitkalidak  Island;  our  speciuions  fmin  Pnget  Sound  «"<i 
off  Kurliik.     Coiicemiiif;  this  species  Dr.  Gilbert  observes: 

"Tiiken  jit  J//«i/row  Stations  321«,  32o7,  3310.  3311,  aad  3334,   located 
north  imil  smith  of  the  Ahiskiin  I'eninfittlii,  and  north  of  I'ujiJnaka  Islitad. 
ill  50  to  85  filtlioms.     TuIi<Tcle»  on  hetid  dotinitely  |>lac«d ;  1   in  front  of] 
><ye;  4  itbo\  e  orbit,  thit  [Kist<'rior  2  the  largest;  a  pair  on   tuiddle  of  sab 
orliitiil  Mtttj",  with  »  snialU^r  one  above  them;  I  on  tentponti   ri'gion,  and  I 
on   shoulder;  by  frir  the  liir^cHt  pair  on  occipnt,  where   they  are  fai|rh, 
curniiresned  spines,  directed  vortionlly  upward,  ns  long  a«  diameter  of 
pupil;  n:isal  HjiiDes  obsolete.     Cirri  are  gen<>rally  distributed  orer  "ppc* 
part  of  brad  and  body,  the  loQgor  ones  being  spet-ially  nuincroiis  on  niat- 
illiiry,  under  surfai-e  uf  niamlible,  and  on  the  opercle  and  preopercle;  of 
tliii  liirfjtjr  ou<-8,  2  often  pvofeed  fioin  1  base;  a  series  of  wbort  filaiuents 
along  upper  edge  of  piijiil.     Miieonn  jiorus  larye,  those  of  the  mandibalar 
and  buooal  series  slit-Iike.     In  adtdts  the  dorsal  bands  break  up  iut« 
series  of  spots  and  liecome  iiiconspiouoiiB."    {Kta,  bristle;  gero,  I  bear.) 

Datyt«Uui  tttujer,  IIcan,  Proc.  V.  S.  VaU  Mas.  1890,  42,  off  Sitkalidak  Island.  Alaaka 
(TyiM-.  No.45n70.  Coll.  Mhatrau) ;  JorijAX  A  STABK8, 1'nic  Cul.  Ac.  Set  1896,  Ua  pL 
83 ;  GlLBUiT,  Bvpt.  U.  S.  Fish  Comiii.  1803  <18M),  (U. 


735.  COTTUNCULUS,  Collott. 


Colttmeultu,  CoLlXTT,  Norgm  rtaka,  21),  187I>  Imienp*). 

Hody  tiidpolu-sliaped,  tho  head  extremely  large,  thf  body  t.tpering  r»p^ 
idly  from  the  RlionldorN  to  the  slender  tail;  month  rather  large,  ti-ruiinal, 
oliliipie,  tUii  ,ja»'H  altoiit  ec|iial:  vilUrorm  teeth  iu  the  jaws;  a  double  palrh 
oil  vouiiT;  Tio  teeth  on  tin-  palatines;  no  spines  on  the  head,  thr  tnbrr- 
eiilar  surface  of  the  HkiiU  lovi-red  by  skin;  sknll  thin,  its  bones  not  Hrui. 
(tills  3A,  no  Hlit  lieliiud  the  likst  areli ;  gill  membrauea  broadly  joined  (A 
(lie  iHthiuiiK,  (heir  tiniou  ■•xteuding  to  above  tho  lower  edge  of  the  baj>«nf 
llie  jH'etoralfl.  rtii<tidobrnucbi:e  very  stnall;  no  eirri.  scales,  or  prickles; 
the  skin  thin  niiil  movable,  Buiooth,  or  ronghened  with  small  warts, 
i^pinous  dorsal  little  develojied,  the  2  tins  usually  eoutiuiions;  spines  very 
slender,  tlexible,  embedded  iu  the  skin;  pectorals  short,  procnrrent  lielow; 
ventrals  very  short,  well  separated,  their  rays  I,  3;  caudal  rounded. 
Deeper  parts  of  the  Atlantic.     (A  diminutive  of  Co<tiu,) 


a.   Anal  raya  10. 
M.  Anal  mys  U, 


MirBor*,  no. 

TBO]i£Oiai,3H4. 


SMS.  COTTVTtCrLFK  XI0BOF8,  CuUett 


Head  2J;  depth  SJ.  D,  VI,  19;  A.  10.  Head  very  large,  its  lengtfi, 
breudtli,  and  depth  nearly  equal;  the  greatest  depth  at  tho  nape;  4  bony 
tubercles  on  top  of  head  and  some  at  the  sides,  all  covered  by  tho  skin: 


InwtT  jinv  iuclitilerl;  iji:ixillitry  cxtondiuK  to  below  the  niidiUc  of  lb<'  eye, 
wliii'b  it)  iM^iial  to  tbo  MiiDiit,  anil  about  4  j  iu  bead ;  HiilKn-liituI  atny  imd  t  Li' 
ioiijjlii.sh  tMl(j<>  of  tlu' prriiporcle  bnth  covrretl  by  miKiuth  skin;  i.-liiu  !iu<l 
prtMirbital  with  iiore,'<;  «kiu  rVfrywhtAru  thin,  Homewbat  movable,  it-isiir- 
fiii'B  riiuf;Iieii«il  by  aniitll  bliiiit  warta;  dorsal  Kd  ■'iiiitiniiuns,  tlx*  fvoble 
spiivcB  low<>r  thiiti  tlio  noft  niyw;  pei-roials  barely  ruiirliin^  niitil;  cfiiiditl 
louK.  Color  pale,  with  H  broad,  iluHky  croxs  bunds  on  body  mid  ilns,  1  on 
head,  1  thruiigli  spiiionH  dornal  mid  pi'otunil,  luid  1  t]ir<iM<^li  Hutoud  dorsal 
aud  aiiul,  bi'siidca  a  atuall  bund  at.  batte  of  ■-aitilal.  Li'ii<;tb -S  imhi'a.  iJeep 
watt-r  otV  I'tiasts  of  Nttrway  and  lUiodi-  Island;  taken  by  flu-  United  Mlatea 
FiHb  Contniissitiii  iii  tb<i  e\pcditiun»  of  Hw  Itlake,  Finli  Hawk,  and  .llliiitran*. 
Hero  doMcribed  from  a(>e<.'imeu8  takvn  off  Rhode  Islaud.  {Mixpoft  -small; 
ojrfj,  eye.) 

I'ottuneului  mierops,  CouJSTT.  Kor^w  Fiske,:^,  |i1.  l.flsa.  1-3,  ISifi,  Hasvie,  near  Ham- 
merfeat,  Norway,  in  200  fatbocni  (Coll.  I'ruf.  (i.  P.  Sun);  CoLU£'n,  Medili'lalwr  uu 
Nor(tcsFi«ki<,  IXT5-78. 1879;  CoiXBTT,  Forli.  V'lil.  Si'luk..  Cliriat  lauia,  1880. 1 1 ;  CoujiTT. 
Noritk.  Nordh.Kxpml.,  18,  pl.l.flgg.  5,6;  Nyt.  Mag.  r.  Niitnrvid.,  xvni,  &3,  1884;  StbUm, 
Xortk.  VW.  SoUk.  Skrlft.  18S«.  7.S:  (^OOOK.  Proo.  V.  S.  Nat.  Miiit.  1«80,  470;  GoODB  it 
Beak,  Hnll.  Mua.  C'omp.  Zixil..  x,  212,  1883;  LlUJBBORO,  Kverli;.  wli.  Ki>rK,  Fiake,  IIJ; 
JORtiA!«  A'  OiI.nKRT,  Syiinimin,  688,  188a ;  (U'vrHKR,  Challotiuer  l{i»[K)rt,  \\U,  60,  pi.  9, 
fig.  A,  1887 ,  UoouK  ic  Bkan,  OcoudIo  Icbtb.,  2fl9,  flg*.  2S7  and  261,  A,  li.  1890. 

2Se4.  COTTirai'ULl'H  TH0X80XII  (GUnthor). 

Head 24;  depth  3i  to 4;  oyei^  in  head;  snout  44;  D.  VI,  17;  A.  13;  P.  22; 
A'.  I,  3;  CIO,  Fiend  «nd  body  sitjootli,  scalel<?s»,  covered  with  a  lonpb, 
lax  skin;  Icagtb  of  bead  nearly  i  extreme  length  of  body,  inclndlni,'  cau- 
dal, its  greiitest  height  i  body  without  oaiidal;  greatest  width  of  head 
twicti  leng'th  of  maxillary;  di.Htunec  of  vent  froui  iuscrtion  of  anal  eipials 
Jenifth  of  in;»villary ;  pye  close  to  dorsal  profile;  intcTivaxillnry  long  and 
tiiendi-r,  ahghtly  iuaT\.t  thiia  3  tiiuoa  iu  distance  from  tip  of  SDont  tu  inser- 
tion of  first  tUirnal,  tik  in  head  ;  maxillary  very  slender,  except  in  posterior 
Ibird,  where  it  i.-;  cousidrrubly  expanded;  maadible  very  stout,  pii.steriorly 
widened,  itst  letijjth  routained  nt'iirly  2H  time.H  in  head.  Teeth  in  broad, 
viliifonu  bauds ou  intermaxillary  aud  mandible;  2  sbtirt,  Keparatf,  HJmilar 
bunds  ou  vomer;  none  on  palatineK.  Head  armed  with  blunt  Hpines  us  in 
<'.  mii:roj}».  l)it<tanci>  id'  dttrxul  from  tip  of  snout  nuarly  L«i|iial  to  i  totivi 
lengtb,  caudal  included;  anal  liu  midway  hctwoeu  tipof  suoiit  and  end  of 
caudal;  length  <»f  npper  pectiiriil  rays  equal  to  that  of  poi*torbitaI  portion 
of  head,  its  rays  diniiniMhtng  rapidly  iu  sizo,  the  loxvcst  being  exceedingly 
short;  distaiirc  of  vtvntral  from  tip  of  snout  i  of  total  length  without 
caiulal;  length  of  free  portion  of  ventral  etjiials  oyo,  ('(dor  light  brown, 
the  tins  somewhat  d;irkei.  Northi-rii  Atlantic,  in  deep  water.  Length  6 
int-hes.  Speciiuoiis  obtained  by  the  Hlaki>  from  Station  306,  iu  4b'-  32'  50" 
north  lutitiidt>,  G5'-  55'  wftst  longitude,  etc. ;  also  by  the  AUiulrom  from  .Sta- 
tion 2181,  iu  39"  29'  north  latitude,  71"  46'  west  longitude,  etc.,  and  by  the 
F\th  Iliiwk  from  Station  1021),  in  3«>^  .57'  6"  north  latitude,  6a°  16'  west 
longitude,  etc.     (Named  frjr  Sir  ('.  Wyville  'riH>m;m<iii,  Regins  profcsaor 

I  of  Natural  History  in  the  Uiiivcr«ity  of  Edinbiirgb,  lirst  Direetor  of  the 

L  soao 4» 


1994  Bulletin  //,  United  States  National  Museum. 


C'iviliiiu  Stufl'  ou  boiml  11.  M.  S.  Ckallfwr'-r  daring  her  magnificent  ttciiMititie 
L'xplonitioiiB.)     (tiooilc  A  Huaii.)     (Eu.) 

C'affujrMainnonii.  Ot'NTIICK,  Proc.Koynl.Soc.  Edinburgh,  XI,  1882.678.  Challenger  Station  ^ 
Coltuneului  torrvt,  r,onvt,  Proc.  T.  S.  Nut.  .Mu«.,  Ili.  IIHIO,  4TV,  Cair  Stream,  off  Rhode 

laland;    tiouoK  Jc  Bba»,  Bull.  Mua.  Camp.  ZooL.x. 212, 213,  UM;  Jobdut  A,  GtUUBT, 

Sjiiopala, eSH.  ISga. 
Cotlutimtm  <AanM<mi(,  GCiTTBEK,  ChaUeji^r  Repuii,  .xxii,  HI,  pi.  9,  Ug.  U.  isgr. 


736.  MALACOCOTTUS.  Hoau. 

ilalaeocottni.  Bbah,  I'roc,  V.  8.  If  at.  Una.  1800, 42  (fonvnu). 

8bape  Bimilitr  to  thtit  of   f'oilnnruhi».     Body  tapering   rapidly   to  th« 
slciidi'i'  t:iil;   liend  liir>»e;  luoulli  t«riiiiiial;  j;iw8  8ubi.-ijiiHl :   niiiint«  rilli- 
fui'in  t«>etb  ill  htond  Uiiuda  mi  luaxilliiry  nud  mandible;  vome.r  and  paJalr 
tiHitblissH:  pi'i?i)|ierciiliim  :irtiieil  with  shurt,  atout,  simple  spines.     Hodc* 
of  tliu  kUuII  tbiri.     (•tils  l-l|,  ii<i  t^lit   hcbiiid  the  last.     Gill  opeDiuga  Kide. 
tht!  iiit;ui1ir:iiiL<f<  liroadl.v  uttui^hod  tn  tlie  isthmus.     CJill  rakera  tiiUert'alar. 
in  inoder.'iti-  iiiniibt-r.     >j]iiimug  dor!>:i]  low,  sivpurated  by  a  deep  notch  from 
the  Hoft  dorsiit.     Poctonila  prucunont  in  front;   voiitials  sm.tll ;    caudal 
rouDtled  ;  vent  diHtiiiit  fnuii  the  :iuat  origiu.     Head  and  body  nakixl.    Lat- 
eral liui'  consiHting  nf  ,t  series  of  large  pores.    North  Piicitia.     {paXaxQ;, 
Moft;  CoUhh.) 

SSaft.  aiLUOrOTTl'S  ZO.IilTRtS,  Bean. 

Eye  3i ;  Btioirt  3*;  depth  i'i|iia]iiig  length  of  head  without  suoat.  D. 
IX,  14;  k.  II;  \.  1,  3;  lateral  line  (jinrHs)  about  14,  lnt«rorl>it:tl  spacwi 
IcNn  than  \  h-unth  of  eyt<.  Mnxillary  u.xtendlng  to  bflow  niiddl<>  of  rye 
I'ovtocil  n-Mrbiug  to  u  viTticHl  tliruiigb  the  nnnl  orij^iii  or  a  little  beyood: 
VFiitval  Bi'firccly  )ih  loug-  us  eye;  xpiiiouH  dorsal  low.  its  bnae  ^  aa  long  m 
bead,  its  lo^g(^at.  sptuH  }  as  loug  us  eye;  urigiti  of  <loraal  iniiiie4ll«t«h 
above  upper  initio  of  j^ill  opening;  leiwt  height  of  tnil  scarcely  }  len^L 
of  eye;  four  etpuuvH  on  prcopercle,  tlie  litrgoat  lesa  than  ^  as  Iodk  a* 
eye  and  with  11  HU)i|deuicutary  spine  at  its  base.  A  dark-browu  saddle- 
shaped  biitid  ovor  the  cud  of  HpiuouH  dorKJil  and  2  on  soft  dorsal;  a  brown 
band  »t  bnvne  of  tiiil  and  ',\  on  caudal ;  ]ici<-tciral  with  sever.-il  indistinct  dark 
bandH  interiniugled  with  piile  nreati:  tips  of  purtorals  in  their  lower  half 
uiilky  wliite.  f.eiiutb  4J  inclios.  Coasti)  of  Alaska,  about  the  peniusal* 
t"oat"erning  thia  apeeieM  Dr.  Gilbert  observes: 

Several  H|iei'imoii9  wire  Lulten  ncjTlh  of  TnalaAka  Inland  and  aoatli  of  I'aimak  laUnil. 
In  138  nnd  3il  lathurns.  Nasu]  Bpiuva  ubsolnie:  BupruiirbUal  riui  Inw.  sliglitlj  rlnrxud 
in  front  but  nut  Iu4iinrl.  \\\r>  iiitemrbilal  B[vagc  wiilc,  uliallowly  omi.'arr.  Orripiit  wiik 
2  lilinit  ronicul  |irtitiiiioraiir(M<  in  Ik'u  iif  ridges,  and  without  Hpinr*;  a  nUi^til  ooclpiUl 
doprttnsiaii:  pre<>pcrL'uliirnD^lt>  with  3  miiintin^  xpiTira  of  nearl.v  equal  l>-(ii;th,  a  aaianM 
opiufl  i| ins-led  outwuni  in  ndvntira  of  tlie  iiiidillr  iiiie  uf  lliv  'i,  beluw  lUmca  pxrtiaily  cob 
i-i^^ded  epiuc  din*rtiMl  downWMrd  an*\  forward.  (>|>orcuinr  rib  very  strtkiig.  •harji  autrrKTlj. 
Iiniadciiiij^  brhind  nnd  prin  itli-d  nith  3  Inw  lidgen.  not  triiiliu^  lu  a  dpllulte  apino  .  a  apl 
noiiA  puiui  on  Aiil>oprri'l<<  am)  1  uu  lnt«rop«rcle ;  iiniie  on  shooidpr  .\Dt«iiur  na»Hl  Inlar 
■liort,  the  poRtitrior  mat'clo  jiroluiigod  into  n  latiuUtv  flap;  head  well  pruvidMl  «iili 
■lender  cutauootu  fllomeut*,  3  cm  upper  portion  of  eyeball,  4  in  a  trantvorMi  line  twiiiod 


Jordan  and  Evirutaun. — fishes  of  Nofih  America.      1996 


oi'Cipul,  II  v«ry  lonj;  wnn  iiu  npcrcalor  Angle,  aoil  uiiiiirrorei  uliiirtar  utien  iiu  o|t«rcl<-,  Jiina, 
nod  nkoui;  ant«ii(>r  ]>orlinii  •>)  Intvml  IJu<'.  llr.io<'|iii>ntci;nlii  T  Itnil],-  without  plaiea  or 
[■ri'klc*.  Ui«  licatl.  liulutlinM  upprr  |iui'l  <irosi',  iiuil  tlii-  upper  unlerinr  part  of  bwijr,  Nrith 
■  piininly  tlhatrihiitiMl  nUiIlato  );rui]iil»liotiN,  vli^ilili^  only  lu  luru*'  Hpociiucna.  In  our  tipcct- 
ni«D8  llir  lirowii  linr  M  Imixc  nf  iuikIaI  \»  fnllnweil  l>y  a  wriilc  white  l>*r,  *om«tiRiu*  muru  at 
\vtui\irv\vu,  llic  Ivrmiual  Imlf  blucklsli,  imrruwly  uiitrgiueit  witli  while. 

(l(brri,  build;  ot)/o(<,  tnil.) 

ilnlitivoltiit  .■oiiixiu,  r»K»ji.  I'rw.  V.  S.  Niil.  Mui*.  I>i»0.  4.1,  off  Trinity  tslandi,  Alaska,  at 
Albatross  Station  J853.  at  56  '  N..  154-  W.,  in  139  fathoms  (Tj-pc,   No.  4iM3.     ColL 

j(i)'(fK.«fi;  (iiijiEiiT.  itrpt,  I'.s.  Mnii  <'oiiini.  iHya (itiyiii.  411 


737.  ARGYROCOTTUS,  ller/.iist.-iii. 
ATgi/meuUu*.  Ukbzenhtbin,  Mt<luiig(.'M  Uiul.  A<'.  Imp.  S<:i..  xill,  lliU'J. 'ilV,  !^t.  rulerslmrg. 

Spiiioits  doranl  short;  yi^ntralo  «\tronKi1,v  long,  thxir  tip«  oxi-endiug 
(•i>yiiiiil  trmit  of  .'laal  llu;  k'H  iiiviiiil>riiiie.<<  Hc;tr<-c>ly  united  to  (br-  iHthiiiiis, 
liit'Uiiu^  a  lii'uiid  fold  .'tcrioH  it,  uo  ttlit  licliiud  tlie  liiat  gill;  te<Mli  on  Ibe 
vuiiicr,  iit>n»  ou  tlix  luiliiliiitsH;  Mkiu  i-utiroly  u.ikt-d,  »itbuiit  MCHles  ur  lioiiy 
plalvx;  proupt-ri'lea  wirb  :i  Miuall  npiue.'s.  Nortl)  Purifir.  {(ifjyvfjoijxilyvr; 
CoUtu.) 

2S«m.  .iltr.TROCOTTtS  ZAXDEKI,  UcixvUBteiu. 

Hoiid  3ji ;  d«  pth  4t  C.  VIlI-l.'.;  A.  13;  P.  14;  V.  3;  C.  18;  Ittternl  lino 
wilb  Hri  tulies.  Eyr  3^  hi  ]eui;tlj  of  head;  iiiterorliital  spai-e  1"  in  oje;  2 
wt'll-devnloped  cTe«t»  at  the  vertr.v;  iiiitxillary  ruiKhiii^  aiiddie  of  eye; 
litwei' J!«w  slightly  prujccliii^;;  '2  iiiial  hjhiiks;  3  )<diii1I  ripiucs  mi  jtruoperde, 
th«  iippor  luilf  ivHltiiiu  :i8  the  eye,  liiriied  upward,  the  i>therF^diro<'ted  ilowii- 
ward ;  ImiKt!*!  dorttiil  Bpitie  !j  leni^th  of  head:  |u'ct>»ru1  re:i*'hiii^'  ninth  ray 
of  Moft  duraiil;  ventruls  rvachiiig  to  the  iioxt  l>>  th<?  ln»t  ray  of  aiial. 
Color  hri)\^-uii«h.  dark  ahove,  with  niimtToiis  silvery  .^pota  bordered  with 
d:irki<r,  11  silvrry  stripi;  fvoin  lielou  the  eye  to  thi<  base  of  the  lower  jaw; 
aitolbiir  from  <-ye  lu  aitglf  of  prenpi-rclo;  a  row  of  (i  InrgK  irifgulur  spots 
utotif;  liifdilU'  of  xideM,  iiuiiiy  Miualler  oii<-!)  below  tbe<»e;  3  siiiallor  ineg- 
iiliir  HputH  bi<hiiii)  ibi'Mc:  a  lj«ll-ishuped  vput  with  a  point  diriTteil  up- 
ward on  lli'.i  belly  lit>tweeij  tbr  veutrals;  Ibe  lii'^l  dorsal  with  itM  upper 
iiiai'i!iti  liluckiNb,  witlj  inilk-wliiti- spOtH  dol,U<<l  with  bliu-k;  a  iransparuut 
Kpol  at  bittie  of  fiinrtli  and  inixtb  ray»;  a  Rniull  trnn.^par(1nt  spot  nt«ar  bB.><(> 
ol  fourth  ruy:  anotln-r  bi-hind  nislh;  al>oiit  th^sr  Hpota  ih«!  <'o|ur»tioii  is 
darker;  »oft  dorMtl  almost  nniforiul,>  datk;  anal  rolorlens,  itn  bonb-r  dark, 
with  L' or  .'1  dark  spotN  on  i-arb  ray:  I'aixlal  iiiiifuiuily  du.^kv.  tbn  u]i|ter 
and  loWLT  rays  ldn<:kiHb,  with  ilcnr  Bp<ir.t;  M-niral  vvirb  darker  tiinae 
iitrrakf>;  pi-i-toralo  with  dark  ritiKH  and  stiuak",  Ventral  in  iVnialf  piolt- 
alily  niili'li  hIioi  Icr  than  in  nialr,  tbi<  rolor  Itv^x  uiarki'd.  Threo  xpi-ciineiiM 
of  (bJK  bosnril°>i)l>  iiiarktol  Coitoid  (aken  \u  Sbauii  l!ay,  llunip  Itdaud, 
ahow  tb*- following  rharat'li'i-K;  '['he  brant  hioHU<;;al  nii'iiibraneii  are  widi>ly 
joined  AuroBH  (he  tbroal,  narrowly  nuitetl  iu  front  of  the  middle  line  of 
iRtliiHiu,  with  a  rnlhcr  wide  free  niarKiu  lH>hiijd:  lutenil  line  without 
plat^'H;  nasal  spineH  huhiII  ;  I  «lw)rt  npinckon  preopt^rcnlar  margin.  TIiono 
specimens  unMwer  wuU  to  the  dL>tailo<l  dcvehptiuu  uf  the  type,  but  are 


1990  Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


Htill  iiKiro  ornsitc,  in  thHt  they  pu8Mi>s8  ahin^r  the  back  a  niiuiber  c>f  broad 
durk  I>ar8  alteriiatiug  with  lighti-r  Iturs,  the  t'oniu'i-  confluent  bolow,  with 
tbt!  ground  color  of  the  sides.  In  the  largest  specimen,  7  cm.  long,  the 
ventral  tins  cxtt^nd  only  to  bast*  of  third  anal  ray.  Thcte  are  no  tuber- 
cles on  th<;  rays,  and  th<^  membranes  extend  nearly  to  tips  of  the  2  out«r 
rays,  and  i  length  of  th<^  inner  ray.  The  ventral  spine  is  slender,  nearly 
its  long  as  the  inner  ray,  and  is  firmly  adnate  to  outer  ray.  The  smaller 
specimenx  are,  respectively,  4  em.  and  3.5  cm.  long,  the  ventrals  reaching 
in  one  to  front  of  anal,  in  the  other  to  vent;  tiuH  are  finely  cross  barred, 
more  variegated  than  in  the  type.  Known  only  from  Saghalien  Island,  1 
specimen  92  mm.  long  (lierzensteiu),  and  Iturnp  Island,  where  3  specimens 
were  obtained  by  the  AlhatroBv  in  1896,  our  description  from  the  latter. 
(Named  for  its  discoverer.  Dr.  Zander.) 

ArgyroeoUtu  zanderi,  IlERZEllSTElN.  Milangm  liiul.  Ac.  Imp.  Soi.,  xiu,  1883,  219,Korsa. 
kow,  Saghalien.    (Type,  No.  9679,  Mua.  St.  Petersburg.    CoU.  Dr.  Zander.) 

738.  POROCOTTUS,  Gill. 

roroeotlut,  GiLL,  Pnic.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Philo.  1859, 106  IguadrifiUt). 

This  genus  contains  small  sculpins,  distinguiMhed  from  Myoxocephalu$hy 
the  presence  of  4  spines  on  the  opercle,  the  uppermost  being  curved  or 
hooked  upward.  Lower  jaw  included;  1  snprsiseapular  spine;  lateral 
line  modified,  giving  off  pairs  of  diverging  branches, .with  pores  at  their 
ends.  Cirri  above  eye  and  on  nape.  Northern  Pacific;  the  species  not 
well  known  and  possibly  reducible  to  1  or  2.  (xopoi,  pore;  xorroi, 
CoUus.) 

a.  Dorsal  rayR  VIII.  13  or  14:  anal  rays  11  or  12. 

b.  (>iM<rclo  with  ',i  riiljies,  thv  u]>p<-r  ending  in  a  sharp  spine;  pores  of  lower  Jaw 
sniall :  tinri  low.  SEU.A.B1S,  23(r7. 

(1(1.  OiH-rciilar  Hpiiies  w»ll  dvvuloiHHl ;  tins  high;  puroa  nell  develoiH<d. 

(iUAUB.\TDs,  2368. 

fcfcfc.  Opercle  undc8cribi-il.  •    eoLAHls,  2369. 

Iilibb.  Opercle  without  rib  or  Hpinc.  qi7AURiKlU!<.  2370. 

an.  Dorxiil  rays  VI,  16;  anal  rays  14:  lower  jaw  with  large' pores:  opercular  spines 

obsolete.  TESiACTLAxns,  2371. 

2867.  POKOI'OTTIS  SEI.LABIS  (Gilbert). 

HeiMl  2t  to  3  in  length  ;  depth  3*.  D.  \'I1I,  14  (13) ;  A.  10  to  12  (usually 
11);  P.  16.  Pairs  of  pores  iu  lateral  line  32  to  34.  Branchiostegals  6. 
Head  cuboid,  the  anterior  jirotile  of  snout  subvertical,  the  greatest  width 
a  trifle  more  than  the  depth  at  occiput.  Cheeks  subvertical.  Interorbittil 
region  elevated,  the  supruorbitui  rim  furnished  pcsteriorly  with  a  low 
tubercle  which  usually  bears  an  incoiispicuouH  cirrus.  The  interorbit«l 
space  is  rather  wide,  transversly  concave,  its  least  width  2Jt  in  eye. 
Occipital  dopri'ssion  well  m.trked.  the  ridges  unbroken,  straight,  converg- 
ing rapidly  backward,  the  distance  between  their  tips  but  J  that  between 
tbeirauteriorends.  From  the  latter,  2  low  ridges  cimverge  for  a  short  dis- 
tance onto  the  floor  of  occipital  depressiou.    The  ridges  do  not  terminate 


in  spines,  Imt  bear  small  cirri  similar  to  tliose  ubovf  eye.  Likt-  tlie  latter, 
they  luny  lie  indistim^t  or  wanting-  Maxill:iry  reaching  vorticiil  fnuii 
piiaterior  luurt^in  of  pupil,  2<i  in  boutl;  eye  3},  sliubtly  exceeding  Runnt. 
Nasal  Mpiuea  very  Htroiig.  Two  short  opines  divorg<!  from  iiiigle  of  pro- 
npcn-le,  the  upiter  one  slightly  cnrved,  direcu'd  np\v!ird  and  harkward, 
i  the  diameter  nf  orliit,  the  lower  directed  Htniight  bnrkwuni,  ^  the 
length  of  the  upper  one.  Below  tbeao  a  short  Mpiiions  prnji'cti<m  ron- 
ooalrd  in  the  nkiu,  and  a  lunger  ^pine  diroi't«il  downward  mid  forward; 
opuri-Ie  with  3  leugrhwiso  ridgosi,  th«  npperuiojit  euding  in  n  deliniti- sliiirp 
apine;  snbopercnlar  spinr  wkU  developed;  1  «l«o  at  posforinr  riid  of  inter- 
npercln,  uud  1  at  sboalder.  Gill  monibrAiie.s  hrimdly  jnincil  to  isthmus, 
with  a  wide  free  fidil  posteriorly;  a  fow  umall  prickly  ])lat,c8  bt^hind  axil 
nf  ppctoralK;  Mkin  olherwisp  suiooth;  occiput  and  nape  thirkly  roveretl 
with  minute  ilernial  |iapill:i-,  int<*r»i>erKe<l  wiili  vi-ry  small  mucons  pori's. 
whii-li  are  distribntrd  also  over  the  anterior  part  of  tlir  head;  jiores  on 
mnuilible  and  prfO)ieirular  margin  small,  not  bettor  di'veiopod  than  in 
other  specii's  of  Vorocoltu*.  Lateral  liiu'  giving  off  pairs  of  short  diverg- 
ing braiiclicN,  at  the  tips  of  which  are  the  jmri's.  Itorsals  i-onnertt'il  at 
extreme  base;  soft  dorsal  terminating  slightly  behind  the  anal;  tins  all 
low;  ventrals  reaching  vent;  pectorals  t<j  opposite  third  ray  of  anal. 
Color  in  Kpirits:  Upper  parts  brownish,  with  L'  very  rnuspicnous  white 
saddlit-sliapi'd  liars  extending  downward  and  forward  from  baok.  the 
lirst,  about  an  wide  as  orbit,  exleniling  from  below  the  dorsal  notrh  in  a 
stniiglit  lin«  toward  li)\ver  axil  of  jiectnrals,  inrliiding  above,  thr  posterior 
margin  of  spinoUH  dorsal,  ;ind  the  extremo  basal  portion  of  first  rays  of 
soft  dorsal;  the  second  bar  im-lculin;;  dorsally  the  terminal  portion  ofsoft 
dorsal  onto  which  itcxt'-mls,  and  tin-  anterior  portion  of  candal  peduncle; 
like  the  anterior  bar,  it  is  variable  in  wi<lth,  extending  forward  and  down- 
ward to  bi-low  laudal  pe«liinclu;  the  ground  lolor  becoming  iiitrnsilied 
along  the  margins  of  these  light  bars;  caudal  with  a  light  Imsiil  liar  which 
brcouics  widuiu'd  and  pure  whitf<  in  its  lowi^r  half,  aililiiig  \  to  the  scries 
of  conspicuous  light  markings;  in  some  speoimcns,  these  wliite  bars  are 
tinged  with  lu-ownisb,  hence  lc.>is  conspicuous;  undi-r  i)iiris  whitish;  lips 
and  lower  Jaw  with  light  and  dark  eros^  bars,  which  are  often  indistinct; 
branchiostOi^al  meu>branes  tomctimeM  with  inilistlu<'t  cross  bars;  the 
darker  interspaces  Uclow  soft  dorsal  and  on  caudal  peduncle  usually 
oncircle  the  botly  below,  luit  arc  sonietiuies  (in  males)  broken  on  middle 
of  sides  with  spots  and  b]ot<'li«s  of  white  (se«  fiKurc  in  Nelson's  rejiort 
cited  below);  asil  of  peclornis  usually  with  2  routid  white  spots,  most 
distinct  in  males;  luisal  jiortion  of  nnlerior  fa'"  of  pectorals  dusky  or 
black,  in  mains  with  J  I'iuind  white  spotJ*;  liu  distally  burred  with  light 
anil  dark;  caudal  croxs  barred ;  anal  and  ventriils  with  I'aiiit  cross  bam, 
or  plain;  dorsal  bbickish.  Tak<'n  aliundMutly  in  Itrintol  lEay,  Itering  .Sen, 
and  neighboring  part«  of  the  Arctic,  in  dojiths  5  to  IT  fathoms.  We  «rp 
unable  to  follow  I)r.  Rean  in  ideutit'yiug  this  tish  with  t'orocottin)  i/unthi- 
filim.  tJill  (I'roc.  Ac.  Nat.  S.  i.  t'hila.  |K.-iO,  KM!}.  The  Utter  is  dc8cri»»ed 
OS  hkving  a  single  hooked  preopercular  spitus  an  opercle  without  rib  or 
•pine,  and  largu  ji^ires  mi  head  and  lower  Jaw.     None  of  these  applies  to 


1998         liuUetin  ^j.  United  Slaks  Nalional  Musrum. 


the  prpsiMit  BiiprieB.     P.  tjundrijili*  is  alHO  Raid  t«i  iiave  5  limtii'bii'>«lei:tl 
rny»,  'uit  th'iK  is  ]>a!«8ilily  an  error.     It  is  nloo  il(t8r'ril>(«<l  as  h:tvinjj  ii  «|fii«1>T 
BiiiMTi'iliiiry  Itlaiiu'iil,  and  I  on  ciicb  nidi-  of  the  nupe.      M'o  rfi>  not  find 
to  ort'ni>t  tliesi',  any  ib'tiiils  in  the  original  desi-rijitioti  wbicb  wgirestrik 
ingly  with  our  tlnh.  cveu  the  color  being  in»p]dic»b)».  (Oilbert.)    (xetUnr 

BMdllliMl.) 

<Whu  iiuadrifilis,  Bkam,  In  NkLson'h  Rrtmrl  K«t.  HIat.  ('till,  in  Alanka.  80ft,  p|.  IH,  tttc 

n«l  I'lintiilUit  i/utKti</ltif.  (IILI.. 
Aennthnf^illiit  tfW.iriwt,  i;it,lii:|rr,  lUtport   IT.  S.  Kisli  Cuniui.  iKfta  (tWfi),  419.  Briatol  Bay. 
at  Albatross  Stations  3319,  jaji,  and  othera,  in  j  to  17  fathoms 

s3o<i.  I'oitiu-orrnN  QiJinRATrK,  b.  a.  h<<«ii,  dc»  >,»., ..... 

Ili'at'.  2'^;  de)iMi  31;  eyv  3|  in  lifftd;  muniliblo  3^ ;  niaxillary  3;  inUr- 
orbital  width  '2  in  i<ye.  D.  VIII.  H;  A.  12;  V.  1,3;  P.  Ifi.  H«.j»d  rather 
Bhort  und  bruad,  i|iia<lraH;;n1nr;  prolllc  from  tip  of  upper  jaw  aKi-rndinfr 
«nd  Iheni'e  gently  Mlnjiitig  np ward  to  origin  of  doiKal,  from  wlitrb  point 
nhiioftt  vcrtii-iilly  to  cud  of  nasal  N]nnf,  rounding  over  orbital  ridgr,  the 
liody  gradually  ta|>».'ring  to  the  tiiil,  the  cli-i>th  of  thf  caudal  pcduurlo  beinj; 
cnntiiiiu<d  aliont  3)  times  in  groaltMit  d«pth  of  body.  Ciill  iiietubraDei 
nniti'd  ^iiid  forntiug  a  fold  arrou*  the  ixthnins.  (tpennlHr  spines  well 
dBVeloped,  the  lowermost  on  oporcle  and  that  on  preoperclo  boin^  cnrvnl 
down\r:ird  and  ii]>>vard.  C'raniitl  ridgCM  cndiug  in  spines  of  eiumli  si/c 
NnnKTiiiiH  pores  on  head,  tho.«e  in  front  visible  to  the  naked  eye;  tubidai 
pores  on  body,  especially  above  aual  base,  where  thi'V  ap]ieur  to  tlu>  nuked 
eye  an  raiNeil  whiti'  KpecliH.  Fius  all  well  developed,  large;  li-ngtb  of  lin«l 
dorsal  lia.-jn  little  more  than  i  length  of  second  ;  anul  tin  origin  under  thir'i 
and  fourth  rays  of  second  dorsal  and  ending  opposite  its  bust  ray  ;  length 
of  longest  dorsal  spine  about  ]  n.s  long  an  longest  ray,  or  eqiinl  to  Irngtb 
of  longest  anal  niy;  pectorals  large  and  broad;  veutrala  reaching  p»*t 
anal  origin.  Color  reddish  brown,  relieved  by  ninch  white;  nnder  ]iart» 
whitish;  head  above  and  below  brown,  lleoked  with  white;  lipa  pale;  a 
broad  white  half  bar  on  body  c\t4'nding  from  end  of  K]dnou3  domal  t<i 
fourth  ray  of  second  dorsal,  another  ••^tending  froni  sixth  to  ninth  my, 
and  a  third  Irotn  hist  ray  tn  near  i-nd  of  caudal  pedancle,  which  it  enrir- 
eles  ill  coiinectiuu  with  a  dark  bur,  the  liifter  exb'nding  on  the  eundiil  fin; 
pectorals  and  caudal  barred  ;  ventrals  with  round  black  blotclnia  fomuug 
rows  on  the  rays.  Horiiig  iHland;  only  the  type  known.  (H.  A.  lican.i 
(Type,  No.  3:iH75,  U.  8.  Nat.  Mns.,  a  single  exanipli>  i<  inches  long.  Merinf; 
Island,  XifH'i;  collected  by  Dr.  L.  Stejneger.)     (7Mo</rn/«ji,  foiir-anglo<l.) 

PoroeoiUu  ijitadraUu,  B.  A.  Rban  HS.,  In  JoBnAM  A  OlLBIRT,  Rcpt.  Far  BomI  InvMtiga 
tionx,  18014.  Bering  Island. 


3HHB.  IMIKI»4:0TTrs  I*OLaRIS  (Saliine). 

This  very  iniperlectly  described  speeieH  is  no  doubt  bIIiimI  to  Paracttlma 
trUarit  and  <iuadrijiti».  It  \s  thus  charaeterixed:  D.  VI,  IS;  V.  15;  ^^  S; 
A.  11;  C.  U  (SttbiiK).  n.  VIII,  13:  IM'.;  V.  5;  A.  15;  C.  12  to  14  fHow). 
This  specii-M  is  coiu|iared  by  Captain  Sabiue  to  Cottu»  gobio,  but  Ibnt  li«i 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  Norih  America.     1999 


tb«  head  iilmocit  iiniiniiol.  It  ugrec^  with  Cotiu*  { Rnophri/g)  vlai'ifier  in 
the  iiiinilier  of  riiVH  in  tlii>  ilnrHul.  but  it.s  vciitrals  ure  describetl  ha  haviu*; 
more  ravH  tliaii  iiHUtil  in  this  (;enns.  C'ni>t.  .1.  C.  Rusm  intViriiiu  iih  that  it 
ReliliMii  oxretiilo  'J  iiiclira  in  leii):th,  aixl  thnt  it  is  vei'v  iiliniitiniitoii  tbe(?uHt 
Kiito  of  tlie  |ioninoiitii  ol'  Biiulliiii,  :il1'i>riliiiK  a  ploiiTil'iil  Mupply  ■>)'  I'oimI  to 
the  ttiiiuerouH  waterfowl  wliicli  lin-ed  th<rro.  "A  spccie.s  of  CoIIiim,  Hiuiilar 
in  ti!il>itH  to  C.  ijoliin,  very  iKluiuluut  ou  tbo  Hhores  of  iioi-t)i  Ueorgia  (lat. 
TS"),  iiiLiiliitinji  thf  pools  of  wiiter  left  liy  the  tide,  iind  the  mouth))  of 
Hinall  riviilots  by  which  the  snow  oit  lueltinK  found  its  wuy  to  th«  xea; 
tU)'  liirgcxt  individunl  did  not  equal  2  luches  in  IcuKtb;  the  hi<nd  is  uiore 
i'om|ircHHed  anil  init  ao  much  flattened  a.s  in  the  Cnltun  (luadrifomit,  and  Im 
rtniieid  with  2  otruu);  Hpinen  pltu'ed  lii'fi.ire  ami  lietween  the  i>yp«;  thi'  gill 
rover«  iin-  iiUii  armed  with  t  stronj;  Hpine«:  the  yxwtoral  tins  ftr<'  linger  in 
proportion  tliaii  those  of  C.  i/oliio,  and  the  uppi-r  .j:iw  riitlu*r  exceoiU  the 
lowor;  the  lateral  line*  arc  fnrniNbe<l  with  a  serii-s  of  sniall  tnbcrclefl 
dircrtuii  liaekward;  rolor  light,  with  I'liintors  id' uiinnte  drntky  8potn." 
( RivhiU'dson ;  i|Uote<l  from  8aliini\)  Not  re<Mijjiii/.rd  by  rerent  writers. 
Llilkeii  i-uiii]mri;H  it  witli  [nlnn  liiiOfHh,  but  it  niiiNt  bo  dil)Vri-nt,  and  it 
iiwiy  br  iduiitii'al  with  Poroeollut  qnadriJlliB;  it  is  at  liquet  a  Poroeottun. 
( poliiriii,  polar.) 

till  /wfan'f,  Sabink,  A|ip.  I'lirry'*  Flrnt  \uyitgc,  ltxhi,  north  Georgia;  J.  C.  Ross, 
App.  MU.  Uh-habimwin.  Faiinu  LUiri'iillAriicrivaDit,  iti,  4:i.  1836;  ,laBDAN  f,:  tiiLiisiiT, 
Bynupiiii,  7uO. 

iH-,n.  l'0K0i:0TTl1S  QIIAUBII-'ILI)).  OIU. 

Tbia  xpi'i'ies  in  itnowii  only  from  Dr.  Gill's  nroount.  aa  foUowa: 

"  1).  X'lII,  13.  The  color  i»  puqil«>,  irregularly  sjiotteil  with  black.  Thef 
itt  a  dark  spot  undrr  the  eye,  and  another  on  the  niuxillary.  The  dorsal.s, 
caudal,  and  pectorali  are  irregularly  variegated  with  black.  Ou  the  |)<<e- 
toralH  tbore  in  a  dark  Hpot  at  the  upper  axilla,  and  unothor  larger  one 
tosvard  the  middlu  of  the  baao.  There  is  a  slender  aiipcrciliarr  lilament 
and  1  on  each  side  of  the  na]ie.  It  is  to  the  presence  of  IheHi*  that  the 
spocilic  name  ia  dt>Higne<I  to  draw  att<<iitiou.  HpcciniciiH  wnre  obtainecl  in 
Henng  Straits  at  the  Hiinie  tinii.>  us  JlortotoHu*  axillarU,  Gill." 

The  genus  forniiittim,  (iill,  ir  thiiN  di-acribcMl: 

"  liody  anteriorly  siibcylindricul.  rapidly  declining  to  the  oniidal.  Skin 
naked.  Lateral  line  opening  by  porpM  in  raided  papillic,  under  a  ciitaiicoiiN 
keel.  Head  large  and  di^prcsxed,  subrhunibnidal.  Nasal  npincH  amall. 
('nHippri'l*'  with  a  xingl)'  bookol  Hpiiic.  Operrlo  without  a  longitndiiial 
rib  or  iipiiio.  Large  purcs  under  the  lower  jaw  and  on  vnriouH  parts  of 
the  head.  Mouth  mod ernte.  Teeth  on  the  jaws  and  front  of  the  vomer. 
Hrancbiostegal  membranu  continuous  utkder  the  throat,  but  attached 
along  thn  middle  to  the  throat,  almost  as  far  im  the  margin,  lirnnchios- 
tegal  rayH  5.  I'torHnIn  Hcparate;  the  first  low,  the  serond  oblong  and 
opposite  the  anal.  \>iitrals  ittnall,  lirhind  the  pectorals,  each  with  a 
spine  and  3  soft  rays.  The  I'onttvtlti  have  a  strong  rewunblanoe  to  the 
HoreornlH,  but  are  distinguished  by  the  naked  skin,  hooked  preopercular 


2000 


BuUetiu  ^y.  United  States  National  Afusettm. 


8pin«,  the  nbsancc  of  »  loni^tHdinml  rib  on  the  operde,  ntuneroua  |Mina, 

mill  tho  preMDce  of  only  5  liniiichiosto^al  rays.    (Gill.)" 
Ndt  recojLfnizi'd  l>y  rcceDt  colleeturs.     {<fiuitHor,  fiiur:  Jilum,  filnmenti.) 

I'trueottti*  >i%i«dtifilu,  Oiu,  I*iiH'.  Ac.  Nat  Sci.  PltiU..  \irS»,  106,  Bering  Straits. 
CoUu*  i%tadrijilit.  JOBtiAS  jt  GiLDKUT,  Synopni*.  706,  UI83. 


8S7I.  FOROCUTTl'K  TENTACVUTOS  (Kd«t>. 

Head  3^.     D.  VI-16  or  17;  A.  14  or  15;  V.  I,  13,  P.  14  or  15.     Head  amaiL 
luontli  small,  tlic  lower  jnw  influilcd:  eye  Inrg;e,  3  in  IteArl.  lonj^er  than 
duoiit;  interor)>ital    spat-e   chnnncl-like,  less  than  4  diameter  of  eye;   a 
uliar])  .spiuii  Itefore  each  eye,  on  wbicli  i«  a  frin^i-d  U'utafli-;  Riipr.'iornljir 
rid^e  ending  in  u  blunt,  forked,  bony  knob,  ou  wbicli  is  a  siu.itl  tbri-ad- 
lik»   teutucle;  the  (|Uiidraiigiiliir   int*'rgpare   between    these    two  i^et*  <•>' 
tentiii-les  \a  excavated  ;  pieopercnlHr  .spine  louji.  onrved  upwards,  {  diaw- 
utvr  of  eye;    tbe  tsecond  tfpinc  ui«irb  Hborter  and  turned    liiick>Tnrd:   'J 
Hpiues  lower,  turned  downward;  miboperole  with  a  npine  tnrueil  down- 
wiiril ;  a  siniilai'  una  un  npen'le;   nnixillary  reacbins  tA  middle  of  eye; 
lower  Jfiw  with  larue  poro».     Dorsal  Ima  low,  tbe  rays^  llexiblf,  the  two 
clow  tiigiitber;  veiiiralH  rciiebing  vent;  peetorala  past  beginniu);  of  anal. 
Skin  of  body  wbolly  naked;  lateral  line  complete,  bending  downward  on 
caudal  pe<lnncle.     ddur  clear  brown,  darker  al>ove,  tbe  bead  above  witli 
a  few  largo  dark  brown  Mpots,  whit-b  form  obscnre  bandn,  1  of  tbnse  from 
front  of  eye  iicruHS  njiper  lip,  second  bruiidor  from  eye  aorows  Hiibuptirele: 
lower  jiiw  Hpeckled;  tliront  iind  bresi.-it  plain  ycllowi*h;  back  with  al>otii 
R  dark  eroHH  biind.s,  tbosr  niot^t  anterior  tbe  broadeet;  sidoa  of  luxly  with 
A  network  of  brown  streaks  around  [iiileNpots;  a  larije  l>rigbt  yellow  spot 
at  base  ol'  cumlal;  fitia  all  finely  Bjiotted  with  whitish  and  dotte^l  with 
dark,  the  eBnd;il  with  ■'>  or  l!  dark  crons  bauds;  pectorale  faintly  barrrd 
(Kner. )   A  single  Bpocinien,  J  inches  long,  Kald  to  be  from  Singnjvore,  which   * 
imif  course  an  error.     It  piobaldy  came  from  tbe  Pacille  cotuit  of  Ania, 
perhaps  from  Yezo  in-  DeciiRtri«  Uay.     As  Kuer  has  indicated,  this  specie* 
has  mui'h  in  eoniuton  with  J'nrnrottui  tiHnilriJilif,  but  tbe  fin  ray^i  are  inorr 
numi-rouH.     it  is,  however,  not  itnpusaible  that  th<'  two  are  identi<-al  and 
both  uiiiy  be  identical  with  /'.  neUaru  and  F.  polar i$.     [tenta(^laUu,  bear- 
ing tentacles.) 

VcUut  lentnailatus,  Kkkh,  Sitxbnr.  Alud.  WiM,  Wlon.  LVlll,  tatt,  IX  t«f.  i.  Ag.  12,  Sioca- 
porc ;  eviikutl;  au  error.    (No.  5fi01»  Wieu  Miu.) 


739.  ONCOCOTTUS.  GiU. 

OnMMwttwji.riiu.  I'rtMv.  An.  Xnf.Scl.  Phlla.  IBCS,  IS  (qva4rieomU\. 

This  genus  contains  stimll  Hcnlpins  allied  to  MuofoctphalHt.  but  with 
4  i)re<>tM>rciil.ir  gpiiica,  the  tipjterinciHl  Iteing  straight:  >1  rather  lar)>e  vllt 
behind  the  last  gill  arch  ;  tbe  lateral  line  ctiain-like  in  form.  Mouth  ^inall. 
the   lower  jaw   included,    tbe   duntition    as  in    Mjfoioreplialiiii.      ImiIhiiii. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2001 


iiiHTow,  tlie  K'll  memliraues  forrainp  n  broad  fold  niTOSs  it,  inah's  with 
rough  RtellatM  tiiber<!i-a  and  with  Hie  crest  on  tojj  of  heiid  roii{;h  :ind 
fnniiiul  like  tliu  eoiuh  nf  ii  cock,  tliesi-  little  iteveloped  in  tljo  female. 
Itones  of  head  KOunwli.it  cavfrnoua.  but  lu.-^s  s<i  than  in  Tiuilopsin,  from 
wliicli  gcntiB  Oncocotlus  is  scaiccly  distinct.  Spec-ieH  circampolar,  probably 
ledtirible  to  one.     (o^vdc,  hook;  horroi,  Coltim,} 

a.  A<lsiiiliiiiipoele*i  niAxillary  obiirt;  poctural  iiioderato -,  c&tiilal  ronnilnd. 

<j|fjkDaircRMB,  23T1!. 
aa.  Arctii'  American  spcoiiw:  m»xiU»rf  lunger:  Dftitonl  lunger;  «an<l»l  Iriiiir4il«. 

IIBXAC'ORMS,  2373. 

2!i;e.  ()\(  (M'BTTrs   Ijl  .lIKItiroaVIS  iLimiinus). 

f^end  3f ;  deptb  4;  ayv  i  tn  bead,  D.  VIII  or  IX-14;  A.13orU;  cpca?; 
vertelirii-  40;  biteiiil  line  45.  Hi idy  rather  aleiider,  the  cuudal  puduiii'le 
very  Hieiider.  Head  limj;,  tapiM-tug  forward;  month  lin-{;c,  the  maxillary 
reaching  tn  below  poslerior  inar;(in  of  eye;  lower  jitw  inidiidod  ;  lioiies  of 
bead  lielow  ••ye  c.ivcnioiiH,  u.s  in  Triijlopnn  thompiom.  lint  Irss  bo;  preojicicle 
with  2  Joiiii,  divorgiiiK  spiiieN.  the  upper  and  loii}ier  imt  quite  roachiug 
M(i«rciiliir  niiir<;iii;  opcri'tihtr  iiud  Ki::i(Hiljir  spiiit-s  ignite  hIioiI  ;  $idult  lualo 
with  a  ruf^oHQ  njudi',  liroader  mid  pxfniinled  al  ti])  liko  a  ocuk'^  ronih  uluivfl 
ouch  rye  piKHteriorly,  and  a  siniihir  one  on  *>!H'Ii  side  of  occiput;  tlioso 
Hpincs  anialler  in  the  fi'ni:ilc  and  Iho  yoiinj;.  Maii's  with  irregular  8«*ri«'H 
of  nmiid,  rongh,  wart-like  sciiles  alinve  thf  liit«r:il  liin>,  them'  wantinj^  in 
the  female;  biteral  line  rbain-likc,  with  Nniall  onibi'ddi'd  )dales;  hi-ad 
nuked.  First  doi-Biil  lonvcx,  nf  HleixliT  HpincH.  well  flepiirate<l  from 
sefond,  which  in  rjithi-rhigb.  the  longest  my  Iji  in  bpjtd;  pfctor.ils  rr;ichin>{ 
unaV;  ventrnle  uioderati';  citudal  rouad«Ml.  A  Mi*Ml«riite  slit  bobiud  last 
gill.  C<dor  little  vftrie^fiitcd;  idivaccous  ahovi-;  tbi)  Uiih  faiully  Hpotted. 
Arctic  rejfionB,  wmth  *o  the  Baltic  8«ii,  westward  to  eastern  lireenland. 
If  It  is  idi'iilical  with  (>.  ftc^acorwin,  itw  rangn  extcndswestwanl  to  Siberia, 
:tnd  \\»  di.itribiilinu  i.'s  circumpolttr.  It  is  ulmnduiit  in  the  e.'iBtern  Ilaltic 
itnd  111  Lukes  L;ido<;ii  and  Ono^a  whcii'  it  ig  dwurlisih  in  size,  without  the 
hornH  on  front  iind  nnpe;'  north  to  Jh>'  White  Sea  and  Nov.i  Zerabhi.  It 
IK  said  to  be  rariMU  Englitnil  and  eiiMtrru  Gri'i'Dl^ind;  nnkiiowu  in  wetttein 
Grccnltuid.  Dr  Mitkpn  has  eompnrrd  ap»ciiu<-nH  from  eastern  (•reeidaiid 
witli  nlhemfriiiu  the  Haltii'  oiid  tiiids  no  dilfereneo  exeojit  that  the  inlur- 
nrbilal  !4paee  111  Kiiro)>eiiii  {'xainples  iHinoicconea  ve.  O.  Itexncomin  is  found 
in  the  waters  of  Arctic  Anit'rica  and  may  not  Iw  ihfl'crcnt.  (<iualuor,  four; 
ooriiK,  horn). 

Cotliit  tjuadricomu,  LlNN.eDg,  Syil.  Nat.,  Eil.  x,  20*,  IT56,  Baltic  Sea;  GPNTReR,  Cat,,  n, 
16e,  !(M10;  L(TKli.>«,  Vul.  Mill.  Kjyb.,«7,  1879;  UaV.  Fisli.  Great  nrit.,53.18«0;  JoxbAl* 
fi  Ull.MKBT.  Syn<i|iKiH,  TO,"!,  1883. 

0()cor'.Cf««  'itiiilricunin,  OU.L,  Pnio..  Ac.  N«L  Sci.  f  hiU.  iMi,  13. 

I  Acaiiilx'rnitiit  tabradvrietu.liltLAIOi.  Boat.  Joum.  Nat.  Hlat.,VI,  ISSO.  347pl.7.  ng.S.,coast 
of  Labradur;  remale. 

*  Tlionn  i1  wnrr  ii|M'<'lniflnii  may  n<it  Iw  iiFp»rabI«  IVimi  TriylopHi,  whicb  genua  la  avidanliy 
derlvcit  I'runi  tbu  liu-imtrluii  ilogmrlatluii  of  fJncocullUK 


2002  Bulletin  4y,  United  States  National  Museum. 

287S.  ONrOOOTTrN  IIKXAntRNIS  (lUchanlwii). 

1).  VIII  or  IX,  14  or  15;  A.  14  or  15;  P.  17;  V.  I,  3;  Br.  6.  Head  3^  (to 
ciul  of  opercular  spino);  eye  5;  aiioiit  3i;  iutcrorbital  space  &i;  maxillary 
2.  Ho<ly  slender,  tapering  gradually  from  the  rather  narrow  depressed 
head  to  a  very  slender  caudal  peduncle;  mouth  large  and  horizontal;  tfae 
maxillary  reaching  past  the  orliit;  lower  jaw  shorter  than  the  upper  but 
not  quite  included  within  it.  Th(<  spine  on  the  head  smooth  and  withoat 
tubercles  or  wart8.  In  i>lace  of  the  supraoculiir  and  occipital  spines  there 
are  4  large  bony  elevations,  each  much  resembling  the  comb  of  a  cock, 
their  upper  surfaces  rough  and  scabrouH.  (In  the  young  these  4  big  bones 
are  very  small  or  warty.)  The  occipital  ridges  scureely  elevated  and 
inclosing  an  oblong  and  slightly  concave  area  narrowest  posteriorly  and 
running  into  the  concave  interorbital  space  anteriorly ;  nasal  spines  well 
dovelopetl  and  in  the  older  fish  inclined  to  be  club-shaped  and  scabrous; 
tipper  angle  of  the  superelavicle  pndonged  posteriorly  into  a  strong  spine, 
its  upper  surface  scabrous;  just  at  the  base  and  immediately  in  front  of  it 
a  much  smaller  spine  or  tubercle  on  the  posterior  end  of  the  post-temporal 
bone;  a  spine  almost  concealed  in  membrane  just  above  base  of  pectoral; 
preoperele  with  4  spine«,  the  upper  equaling  the  orbit  in  length  sind  extend- 
ing upward  and  backward,  in  some  curved  slightly  inward,  covered  with 
membrane  for  about  ^  its  length;  the  second  spiuo  immediately  at  the 
bnse  of  the  first  and  is  \  as  long,  straight,  and  extending  outward  and 
backward;  the  third,  found  farther  down,  curved  downward;  the  fourth, 
at  the  lower  angle  of  the  preoperele,  directed  forward  and  downward  and 
sometimes  entirely  covered  by  membrane ;  opercular  spine  rather  strong,  its 
point  raised  from  the  membrane  and  not  reaching  end  of  opercular  flap. 
There  is  a  slender  shiirp  spine  at  the  lower  angle  of  the  opercle,  lateral 
line  running  rather  high  and  eoiupoHcd  of  elongated  rectangular  plates, 
each  with  a  concave  dejjression  ut  either  end,  thus  making  a  row  of  ellip- 
tical depri'ssions  along  the  lateral  line;  the  jilates  not  jiresent  on  the 
posterior  half  of  the  cautlal  peduncle;  above  the  lateral  line  a  row  of  rough 
circular  osseous  plates,  beginning  on  the  nape  and  running  to  the  base 
of  the  caudal,  gradually  lieconiing  smaller  and  nearer  together;  under 
the  second  dorsal  this  row  is  doiil)le;  below  the  lateral  lino  and  beneath 
the  second  dorsal  about  3  irregular  rows  of  similar  but  smaller  plates. 

Adidt  feiixih: — First  dorsal  lower  than  in  male,  scarcely  rounded  poBt«- 
riorly  but  sloping  almost  gradually  toward  the  base  of  the  second  dorsal ; 
third  and  fonrth  spines  longest  and  equal  to  length  of  snout;  second  dor- 
sal about  twice  as  high  as  lirst  aiul  varying  a  great  deal  in  shape,  the 
luembraue  scarcely  incised,  the  lirst  3  or  4  rays  with  rough,  prickly 
edges;  anal  oblong  and  slightly  rounded,  the  middle  rays  huiger  than 
snout,  the  nieinbrano  between  the  rays  not  incised;  pectoral  scarcely 
reaching  Irout  ol'sccoud  dorsal,  first  2  or  3  rays  rough  on  their  outer  edge, 
the  membrane  not  incised;  caudal  not  rounded  but  truncated  with  rather 
sharp  corners,  10  developed  rays,  8  of  them  branched  ;  ventrals  reaching  f 
to  the  vent,  the  inner  ray  no  longer  than  the  middle  one. 

.Idiilt  malf. — The  lirst  dorsal  higher  than  in  the  female,  the  third  and 
fourth  rays  longest  and  c(|ual  in  length  to  the  distance  from  snout  to 
middle  of  eye,  posterior  end  of  fin  lumo  rounded;  second  doraal  more  than 


twice  net  liijjh  .if  tirHt,  the  ineuibriint'  l>ef'we<-u  thfl  r;iy'<  ilui'ply  incisetl,  the 
atitiTitir  vnya  prrjjeotiu|^  I'm-  iiuMrly  |  tUi-ir  li;ii^t)i  )>oy<>ii(l  the  tneiiil>ruiit>, 
the  iiieiubraiii-  ^<lllu^vilIg  aniiiud  thuinlge  cif  tbtj  jirojertini;  ruys,  the  rays 
BcalirniiH  oil  their  6i<If8;  imul  oblnn^,  Init  timro  iitiiiriilur  thiui  in  I'eiualt;, 
tln>  lougUHt  ray  rrucliiiig  IVonj  snout  t<i  iiOBtoriur  I'lljrc  nf  ui  hit ;  the  iiifiii- 
)iriiiic'  between  Ihc  first  i  niys  (|iiitJ'  tlwply  iiicisHil.  rmtcr  edge  nf  ray« 
aiMibroiLH;  veulrniH  rejiching  t  t<>  veiii.  the  inner  ruy  hmgrHt. 

Color. — III  theyonti};  tlif  color  m  gray  above  and  white  hvnvAtli,  (»  durk 
^nddle  iiiArkiii^  uvcr  tlu'  hitrU  ut  thu  center  ol'  the  tirHt  diirsjil;  another 
Hiniihir  imirkiujj  iindfi-  tlie  aiitLMior,  and  another  iiu<h»r  the  ]ii>Htvrior  ond 
of  th<!  seccinil  dorsal;  a  djirk  a]to(  the  size  of  the  eye  on  lo|>  of  the'  cniidal 
Itudiintde  and  iiihhvay  in  itu  h;n|j;th  i  tlie  yoniii;  may  ho  dliitingniHbei)  at  a 
glance  by  thin  niarkin;j[  on  iojiof  the  euiidal  peduncle) ;  a  V-ghapeil  marking 
at  the  baHu  of  chc  caudal  with  I  he  aU|^le  of  the  V  im  the  lateral  line  and 
direelcd  forwjtrd  ;  Ibis  niaikiii;;  in  tin?  tddirHpecimt'ii  cxfi-nds  forwuid  into 
tlie  pediinclp  upot ;  the  eunilal  is  niaiki-d  by  2  verticu)  wjivy  bands  on 
its  iioatenor  half,  tlie  lirst  one  the  uiilrr,  the  last  one  at  the  ti)>H  id'  the 
rays;  tlieso  baiidnnre  soliiK  e\tendiiiij  across  the  rays  and  iiieinhraue;  tlie 
[iretorals  ari'  dark  at  the  baxc,  the  rest  marked  by  'A  vertical  black  bars; 
tlie  lirst  dor.sal  is  sli^-htly  dnsted  wilh  black,  the  seeontl  is  slightly  mot- 
tled with  black,  hnt  with  im  liars;  the  anal  has  3  or  4  verticiil  dark  bars. 
Ill  the  adults  the  general  appearance  of  tbn  ilsh  is  very  niueb  darker, 
jilinosi  black;  the  lower  parts  are  lit;lit;  the  niarkin>;s  are  not  so  distinct; 
the  linsexecpt  tiie  ventral.'*  are  all  dark,  ami  (be  inarkini;^  on  the  jiuetorals, 
<-aiidal,  and  anal  inn  toj^ether  into  solid  black  ;  the  lower  part*,  especially 
Ml  till-  niiibs,  lirilliantly  r-olined  willi  red.  (.Scolield.)  Aretio  waters  of 
America,  from  we^itern  tlrei-nlaiid  to  Ib^ring  Straits.  TIiIm  fish  seems  to 
differ  from  tittiopolliu  quiidrintrniii  Irotn  the  Haltic  Sea.  having  a  lc)n>;er 
maxillary.  lonK'T  peetoials.  and  a  si|nare-iiit  candul  llti.  All  these  ehaiac- 
teis  are  of  donbtfiil  value,  and  tlii'  spi-eies  may  be  the  same  as  the  Knropean 
ft.  7«<iA-icw«i».  We  can  tliid  no  good  dilTerenee  between  our  speeinien  and 
a  Hinall  one  from  Aretie  Hay,  western  Greenland  {received  from  Prof. 
D'Arey  \V.  Thompson).  Thi^  lisli  lignred  by  Nelson  as  Cotlun  iiuaiiriforni* 
(Nelson,  Natural  Hi.story  of  Ala.-!ka)  is  probably  the  same  as  the  •me  here 
described,  but  aeeordiiijr  to  the  flgnre  there  are  several  ditrerenees. 
Scofleld  anil  .Seule  found  this  (Isli  very  abundant  along  the  shores  of  Her- 
ehcl  Islanil.  It  was  about  the  only  tish  to  be  found  wbeie  the  buttoiu  was 
nnidily.  A  few  young  were  taken  at  Point  Harrow,  and  at  Port  <'larcnee. 
both  young  and  old;  3  of  the  young  were  found  in  the  river  back  of 
(liaiitly  Harbor,     {'t^,  six;  corim,  born.) 


Vtittuf  fttiaenrnit.'  RiriUUTMOM,  I'°miikhn  it  Joama],  ISSS,  TUl,  moulh  of  Tree  River  near 
Ooppermine  River  i Coll.  Jolm  Fruoklinl  Richabiisox,  Fsnan  Uijr.AiiKT..  ni,  it, 
IMS,  CC.tTiiERCnt..  n.  IM.  IMO. 

Atanllffniliit  lahraiiorieiu,  UiRAHn,  Roxt.  Jnuni.  Nnt.  Iii«t.  VI,  1850,  247,  pL  7,  Sg.  3, 
Coast  of  Labrador. 

ihuoeoltn*  hnwanHr.  S'.'oriiiLli,  in  JurUan  4^  Gillwrt,  Rnin.  For  Seal  InvBit.,  UM. 


•  Ciiltut  hrxacnmiM.  Rielmnlnon   wai  Ihnt  oriRiimllv  di'iii'illw>(1: 

D.  V[|.  t:i,  A.  ,  r  t!!:  I"  HI.  Hr  B  Ili-ml  l.irEPi  jinil  ilri.ipanril.  Eyw  lurge.  Sit 
r]ii1>  itliiipeil.  tir  mltier  iiai|.slia|ieif.  |iri>e<*'4«eM  Hliintl  rrerl  <<ii  Tlir*  Ntji  ot  tlir  lirucj,  Itii^r 
luniuiilA  llatliitb.  luiuuli-ly  camelUlfil   loiil  «ralin>UK     tliu  aiuulIiAt  pair  ttanil  bctwccD 


2004         Bulletin  fj,  United  Stales  National  Musettnt, 


CoOiu  UtbrniloruniM,'  GCmtber,  Cat.,  II,  18:1, 1840 {  Ksan,  rro<:.  I*.  $,Kilt.Kiu.,  !▼.  IMI,  la; 
JoutvAN  ^  GlLneOT,  Synopsis.  TM,  1883. 


■ 


the  nares:  the  larijeat  or«r  the  poatcrior  anKle"  of  tlin  orbit*,  aod  tb«  third,  of  iaUa^ 
mediatn  Kite,  on  tlie  occlnnt.  Tho  niocith  in  vrrr  capaoloaH;  itn  mitritluii  «r«  formed  br 
the  iDtenDiixilUiri«s  aud  lower  jaw .  the  miuiillanes  have  an  cloni^iml  vvcd^i'  fonii,  and 
lie  in  n  ijioniHinuv  Wt.'biuil  tti«>  int4>rniaKillitriui*.  Ifotii  jawn  and  mmdit  an^  .«i*t  wirh  bands 
of  0  tet^th.  1*11  vi'ioiirn.  Tonj^uf  obtiiM?  nn«l  aiitoriDi,  u»  aro  riic  i*;tlute  aitti  n>.,  v  ilLir  i«>«. 
The  pn't>p4*ri  utiini  tn  aniifd  Ikcufutlt  witli '1  !ttruii>:.  d*'viirioatefl  4pint'it,  t)i<    -  :.h 

wbirK  iii«!iiFtiir«:«  I  iiK'lt,  Iht-Ioz  tbf  longcat.     TIK'  ^ill  mvera  arr  coinpufted  oi   -  >  • 

oonnwtctl  liy  rat'iiiliraiii'.  amrnniii'il  un  Ihi'  eiterior  i-dgiw  Willi  4  or  5  amull  -  ■  li. 

T\\f*  bonea  vbich  stipiHirl  tba  p4*ftor«l  Mn«  ai'«  also  nmu'd  wiih  Muall  ai>r:  ,\0 

•bar]),  roitt^b  od^ci*.     TUv   iirjiiirtiioHti'ifoiiH   iiiitmbruno  crtrituiDA  0  ab'Uifvr  ,], 

ciirvi-d  rayN.     The  IhnIv  ia  niiirh  liarruwer  Ihaii  tlin  hrail,  and  tapers  lo  tbr  ti  ho 

raiidat  liu.    Tbr  aniiH  in  nitiiausl  midway  bclwi'cn  the  monlh  and  tbo  riiiid.<:  il 

lino  ia  rough,  niid  rum  uivir  (ho  biu'k :   hbovr  it  then<  ia  a  row  of  aiiiall.  i  |. 

bnnis.  iainy  platen,  tbo  row  b«-iiij!  doiiIdH  iip|Hi<<it«  t"  (be  «^ond  doraat.  1 1.  .  „ , .  nu 
otli«r  i>t'Ttuiitit)le  «i'al«a.  Thi'  pi'ctiirni  tioi  ari>  aiibnrbioulur  ami  cnotaiD  1(1  ii>y?i,  tionr  of 
tbotii  hranrhwl:  the  upper  ray  is  scabrixia  tliroiiKhoiit :  tho  utbera  aru  acafiroua  oolj 
nftur  tli«ir  iiiiiblles.  Tlio  rnntrala,  anft  and  wliili/<li,  liare  H  ray*,  of  whith  tl'<  or.i  i.  t),p 
alrtiiiBeKt,  hut  doihj  of  thi'in  are  Apiuoii«.     Thi-  (lr»t  dorsal  coniuiciiM's  p.'  'i» 

vectornlR,  and  teriuioateH  f*ppoAitt*  to  the  anii>,;   it  has  7  Hiniplo  raya ;    tin*  k<  k 

far^^^r,  auiV  turn  1!)  rayrt;    IIm  roiiimvDceni^ni  and  toniiiiiatiou  (-orr«»|H)ijd  with  »   ■■,  iIm 

iinuj,  BDii  moat  of  ila  raya  arr  acahrona :  both  doraals  arv  roiindvd  or  arrhcd.  i'iin  anal  ha 
oi.-ciipieH  about  ]  of  the  npari?  b«twfH*n  tlie  anna  mid  cuiiiial.  cniiimeiu-ing  ticvar  tho  formrr: 
lliiH  Nn  iMO'Oiiiea  xliulilly  lowi-r  or  Ioah  di'«j)  poattsriorly.  Tho  raiidal la  ctincifomi,  aod 
baa  12  r«yi>,  tnoat  of  fhi-iu  fi>rk«^l.  Id  th«  i<>nii  of  the  bony  procea«e»  on  Ihr  Ion  of  Uif 
head  tbia  »|M-('ieii  apppiarlica  cloai-ly  to  C  i/umfriciii iiu  of  tho  Kaltic;  but  it  doc«  Bwt 
appear  I'roin  th«?  deai-riptionM  I  hav»  cuti.'tiilti'il  that  thrre  la  adiatiiirt  pair  <tu  ibr  tiawaJ 
bODVx  of  the  latter.  There  w  also  din'eT(n<<-«  in  th«  form  ofthc  npim-a  of  tho  prpo|«rro 
luui.  thoae  of  C  hrxaeoniu  boiutr  qiiiti'  ainiple,  wliih'  iu  tlie  other  they  are  triiurutnl.  or 
divided  at  the  point.  In  tlie  V.  i/iiailritornui,  ulan,  there  ia  a  thick  apinr  ••"  "■-  — ra 
acapular  boiici.  whhli  ia  likewiae  trunented;  while  in  f'.hnaeumyM,  that  Ih<i  r 

ala,  anil  the  uill  eovern  are  nirn*l\'  armed  with   aniuU,  apiuona  teeth:   an-,  .,f 

■calca  on  tbo  liodj  are  ditTerenf.     It  anpeui-a  lo  mi<  likely  that  the  f.  <jvnitr,  „ 

(Zool.,  App.  to  Captain  I'arry'a  rtrst  Vo.iage.  p.  ecxiilli  may  la'  really  Ihi   <  , 

Oapl.f).  I.'.  UoM.  who  conaider"  it  lo  he  the  aamo  with  the  (.'.  «ijrj.i«i,/.'j  of  I  • 

that  llioiich  very  abiindiiut  on  the  tlnfiilaiid  Oiastit  i»  niorv  rare  in  the  hit 
lint  »ieveral  were  taken  on  1h»1]i  ni*U'*  of  tho  |H'niiiNnln  of  n<M>thia.     'I'lii*  ti  >-  't 

hiKhlv  a»  an  article   of  food,  pn-ferriiij;  It  to  roilfiah   or  aalnion      Tin-   1  .-i 

Ihiotliia  eall  It  Kuneeok,  tbo  sumo  nainfl  which  tho  lln-enlaiidera  give  >•■  .  ,.,,ra 
laniticttg. 

Ci'U*r.~i^f  tlie  ii|iuor  aapeet  it  eloiide*!  admivtnro  of  lina'nti-hrriwn  and  olive-i^Ttstai 
tinla;  of  the  hvlly  whitv.  Tho  Una  are  ><trraked  with  bluish  black.  Irldea  UoicmI  Willi 
ivd. 

AKzo.— AlMiut  7  inctiea  in  total  Icn^h. 

Numrrfiiia  apiM-iineii*  of  tlila  hah  werr  caajsht  in  a  nrt  a^t  in  the  movfi-  »><•  "  - — ,■■  - m 
near  tht»  fopperiniue.  and  the  above  deHeriplion  ia  drawn  up  from  im  t 

apot.     Tho  aiiliwiH(iieul  culainitie^iwliich  lielell  iliut  expeflition  liavin-_  .^^ 

of  all  the  npiM  iuo-ah.  no  actual  couipariKou  has  l»ein  made  with  ollur  >|...  .. 
iu»|>eftion  of  the  Colli  hrou^kt  home  liv  Captain  IU'ei:hey.  an<l  an  attentive  i 
lllatoire  d(  «  I'oiHHonx.  I  am  Halixthil  lliat  it  diHerii  from  all  other  dr^i  iilK«l 
form  of  the  horna  or  pnn'canea  wliich  anu  the  head,  and  in  other  iiartii  ulai  r<.      i  i.,!,,  inn 
[wciilnir  nhnpe  of  llieHr  liornn  in  our  a|i«ciea  it  iiii|r|it  b<>ar  the  name  id  rlasiocr  s||I|  morr 
appropriately  than   the  one  ao  teniiul  by  Jf    ra<meieiiii».      Tlio   nidiviifiialv    that  we 
caught  retrtilied  life  lon>r  after  they  weie  drawn  from  the  water.  Ieapin|{  ri.-.  -,       '  ,-r 

lh«  Nnuda,  and  when  touched  iudallnu  the  heiiil.     In  Ihlrt  nperatlim  llie  lu.i  • 

Tneinbrfliie  Im  iliateiipted,  uinl  the  novoral  |ilee4'*<  i  oMipo-^inu  the  ^ill  tovera  iir-  ..v 

tlu'  exIeiiah^Ti  *ff  the  intorveniu^  iiieuibninoH.  Our  C'lnadiaii  vovaueiir*  were  i>oi  n  ,*-<fon 
lalieil  and  atjiniied  by  (heae  tinli,  anil  t45rm«Hl  Iheiii  f 'rapjiuUa  tie  tuer,  proliitbh  ft^ini  a  kiud 
of  croak  they  iilt^riil  when  llrai  luimlled.    i  ICichnrdiioh.) 

In  ltH9.  harinuai^ain  vi«itcil  the  i»ame  n^irion,  Kicharda<>n  procnri'<l  ^- —     -^  ..r 

tliia  fiinii  which  he  took  home  with  hliii.    Ho  aaw  Ihen  that  be  hiul 
notea,  and  wroii;;ly  iiacrihed  t4»  C  htrarornU  rostral  horiia  of  the 

characteriatie  horn.4  of  tho  head  iind  iia[M^,  and  that  the  form  in  i|ocm[|im(  »  .i.<«  r iitei 

than  V.  ijiMtlricomiA,  an  opinion  nil  niimt  accept  who,  recalling  thla  r^jrrei-tinu,  will  rodtd 
the  old  (rer>cripfion  of  Sir  .John.    lUitken  | 

*  Hpocimena  of  fhiencotlut  lahrnrlitrietni.  G  irard,  are  tlitia  iloarribed  iiT  Pr.  Itoan  ' 

Kyo  5;  nnout  nearly  S.  D.  X,  14:  A.  14;  V.  I.:!;  I'.  17^  I!.  II  (develn[>e<|)  Two  atnali 
apiiiea  above  tho  «»nnt:  a  riiiijih.  Irre};»ilar  proniincniv  nbovo  eacl.  oThil  and  ?  "iTTill.ir 
ones  on  tho  oc-ciput.    Tho  alight  iluprcHHion  on  the  crown  lieconic,.i  num»W''  H 

wliei'4<  ita  width  ia  alKiut  }  the  leiitrlh  ol  the  apace  included  lietween  th>  A 

and  (Xi'ipital  prominencea.     Four  preoperciiliir  apinca.l'uf  which  are  at  r  n 

npper-ioDMt  and  longeat  Ih  )  aa  linig  an  I  ho  eye;  ike  3  lower  apt uen  are  alioi  ' 
ilownwnrd  anil  iili^htlv  torward.     The  li-n^th  of  the  lonucrtt  pieojierculai 
t he  illstuucc  betwccii  iLc  uyea  lueoJturod  un  ihv  buuc     The  luuidlory  la  tw  i> ,    •  -  '.■-■-.  .■• 


4 


Jordan  and  Ever  maun. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2006 


740.  TRIQLOPSIS,  Ginird. 

Trighptu,  GlSABI),  Pruc.  iki«t.  Soc.  NaU  Hint.,  IV,  1851,  IM  (.thnmfitoni) . 
J'li/onoltu,  OUvriiKB,  ('»t..  It.  175,  I8O1]  (llutni'tnui,-  Biilwtitute  fur  Triglaiiiit  on  ut.'ir()iiiit  of 
tbt'  iirior  Mini  HiniiUr  uatuv.  Trifflnpt). 

liody  nikd  hoiid  Mleiider.  Skin  iinUed;  Intern)  line  cliiiin-likp,  Teeth  on 
voiiicT,  none  (HI  tlio  imlutinea.  Eyes  lar^'",  tlic  int^roiliital  jirvii  tDucavo; 
lioiit^ii  cif  luwor  |)jii't  uf  head  L>\t<-n(iivi;l_v  oiveniaiiH;  11  >ni(ill  luit  diatiiH-t. 
Nlit  linliind  lant  gil) ;  jrill  tueuiliratits  mliiiuKt  TreB  iVimii  the  istliiuiiH,  Ibruiing 
a  Ijrtmd  fold  neross  it;  preoiMaTular  spiiieH  mniigbt,  simple,  ■!  in  miuiliorj 
the  lowiT  tiinieil  donnwiird  ;  lius  larj;'".  l'>i"«li-vvater  (i><li<<».  cloaiO y  relnltid 
to  OnrocottuK,  from  whioli  tl)(>y  Lu>  e  d4>iibtl«s8  btxnmo  d»t;riided  tbroiiKli 
fTosh-vv;tter  lii'e.  There  is  uo  tnijgib!(<  dillVreiH-o  in  utriicturc-  in  iiny  part 
of  the  body.     (r/jiyXiX,  Triifla;  luI'js,  appearuiK-o.) 


28;i.  THIULOPSIS  T(l<>liP80!VI,  Oiranl. 

He.-Ml  3;  depth  Ij.  1>,  \'II.  18;  A.  15;  V.  I,  3,  Body  elongatf,  very  slen- 
der. Head  Inn^r,  d«]ireH.4i>d  above;  snout  ion^;  and  |toiutod;  eye  quite 
Inr^e,  uearly  :ih  luit^  us  aitoiit,  iiiiuih  wider  tliau  iiiteri)rl)itiil  Hpiice,  1  iti 
head ;  jaws  ))uhri|iia] ;  iiioiitii  !;ir(;e,  the  iu;ixillary  extoudiujif  nilhtT  bt-yond 
middle  of  nyu;  proujiorclt-  wi(h  1  sli;ir|i  spiiiea,  the  upper  ihiil'U  jtliurter 
tbauitupil;  Ciiveriitiiifv  utriuture  id"  skull  liinhly  develupeil;  njiper  surface 
of  head  smooth;  ti'iW.  nienibrnni-'B  not  broadly  iiiiitod,  nc.'irly  free  frnui 
intltiiiuH.  Itornal  titiH  \v«'II  Hejiufiitud ;  itpiiiuiiri  d(ji'»al  abort  and  low,  ita 
height  Itttio  itKfTf  than  length  of  miont;  necond  dornul  wry  large,  3  tiineH 
hi-i^bt  i>f  tirst,  itH  lon;;e»t  rays  about  iis  lon^'  as  bead ;  aiiAl  high,  \  as 
high  UN  Hecoud  duraal;  pL-utoml  Idq^,  rcUL-bing  pa^t  trout  of  aual;  ven- 
trala  well  i1c%' eloped ;  lateral  liui*  cbain-likr,  colispiraoilB;  nkid  perfectly 
Biuuoth.  Faleoliraieuii.i,  with  darker  blotches;  njiper  linH  faintly  banded. 
Length  3  inchrH.  Deep  \vat»T8  of  the  Great  Lakes;  not  roraniou;  known 
from  Lake  Michigan  and  Lake  Ontario ;  doubtless  a  relic  of  a  former  Arctic 
marine  fsiiina,  and  dusceudod  from  a  species  of  flni-orotliin.  i,Namecl  for 
Rev,  Zudook  Thoiiipsou,  the  accoioplisbd  uii  I  lior  of  the  History  of  Vermont. ) 

THglopxit  thomptBiii,  Oirard,  I'roc.  Bonl.  S<ii-.  Nut.  Hint.,  IV,  1851,  IB,  off  Oswego.  Loke 
Ontario  (L'ull.  8.  F.  Bairilj ;  Gibabo,  Munnj^raph  CuCtoida,  65;  JoBDAN  \  liluiKUT, 
SyUDpabi.  709, 1883. 

Trigloptit  itiwpimi.  Eov,  Tnni.  "Wia.  Ac.  ScL  1873,  S8,  Lake  MicbiEan.  (Coll.  Dr,  Wil- 
liam StimpRon.) 

Ptyonotut  IhoinpsoHH.  GCmamH,  Cat.,  II,  175,1810. 


the  eyo,  about  (  na  Ion);  aa  ili«  liBud  lo  this  «nd  of  llie  operrulur  npine,  and  oxt<^iiili<  iilKiiit 
to  tTio  vortical  throai;h  tin.  Iiiml  mnrKiunf  tlin  aye.  T^etll  «a  tlm  vomer, noun  im  lln< 
pklat)iii>!i.  Duraal  apiiii'!!  Klfiidtr:  tiir  HrHt  l«rii't<  ax  lorij:  an  dliiUncc  iM'twecii  eyi-n:  third 
and  longeHt  fi  rh  loiiji;  iia  iniixlllAry  anri  J  am  liini:  ai<  diHtaiice  fri>rn  tip  (if  Hmint  to  end  of 
ooeipilit)  iiruiiiiiicni-rn.  Unap  of  aplnona  doraal  }  lotitl  leiietb  wltlmnt  oaiidnl:  diataoce 
Itntwoeu  JiirAuln  '2  in  ey*^,  Loni^i^rtt  Hoi*!  iltirnal  r.n^*  <niijtli)  alioiit  %■*  Idd^  :in  middle  cau- 
dal rM.VH,iir  i,  tu\i\\  ieufztli  will)  r»iidai:  ]>«-ctoriiIn  reacliin^  h  liHIf-  Urvuitfl  nriutn  of  uual 
(to  secoml  rav  of  aniil) :  ventnila  m^  long  n«  piuil<irbitjtl  part  uf  iieud  and  not  rearliiii); 
Tsnt,  SkiD  altovf  the  intern]  lino  will)  a  few  itniny  liiiwrvlea,  none  of  them  more  timn  { 
a*  louu  us  o.vc.  A  STuall  nlit  lieliiud  ruiirtb  Kill.  CoA'l  nf  Luliiudiir  nnd  niidaoii  Kuy. 
Tbirt  <loac'riptiikn  i»v  l*r-B««m  fntoi  «]KH-iinen«  taken  in  Ihho  near  Vorlt  Fat! lorv,  Hudson 
lluy,  by  KoMrt  DeU,  M.  D.     Tbln  Qoiuiaal  speiilLvis  apparoutly  tho  femalo  of  OncoouMv* 


liUtKJ  Bulletin  47.  f^nitrd  Stales  National  .^ fuse nm. 


741.  GYMNOCANTHUS.  SwaiuHou. 

0ym«9(<anMv«,  Swaikwik.  0I»»«.  l'"l«li.,  itr.,  11,  i'\,  IHJli  (pmfroli*). 
>^kotr(ur,  Knitl-Kd,  Natiirh.  Tlilsfhr.,  t.  2tl8,  1841  (JrinMjri*). 
BUtphneoltut,  SXIVAOK.  Nnnv.  Arrb.  Miu.  I'arin  (2),  I.  I87(,  142  tJ'*'*itUffrr\. 

Geiienil  cliarai^t.i-rH  anil  ,'tp]waraui.'e  of  Jcanlliocoltti*,  but  vrirh  no  teMb 
(III  tti«  vdiiii-r.  tho  Klit  1>«liiiiil  tli«  la^t  i^ill  Hiiiitll  or  WHtitiug;  u]>|>er  pr^ 
npiTialar  spine  istoiit,  ariowl  witli  2  or  3  :intler-lik<'  ]iro<:e8ec>« ;  t'ms  oil  very 
ljir;;e,  the  veiitraU  notably  so.     Arctic  l*e:m,     (fv/iyoi,   nuketl;  atftar^Ja, 

H]jinu. ) 

d.  lucerorbilal  Rpaoe  not  armed  Willi  liony  grauulntioiis:  littles  witlt  a  mum)   nhito 

^jiot  on  belly :  liist  gill  urch  without  hHI  nr  \uitv. 

b.  Hiiraal  rnyn  X.  W  ur  l.'i;  nnul  16;  u  cirrui*  IxOiinil  eyo  Id  ;oiid(c:  occipital  rider 

nil  U.I  iHiuy  jirutnincinccB ;  axial  regiuu  in  male  Willi  CtinKeil  tilitnifut*.  wtiiCe 

•ttlp.  PljrrnilQEii,  257^. 

hb.  Dorul  myH  XTl,  IC;  auid  18:  no  cirrna  bulilnil  nyt;  ocicipnt  >rithanl  honf 

protnlnaacw;  axial  rogioa  wlthniit  trlugaA  filainotitoi  In  either  max. 

TKlCtrsplB.  SJ7«. 

aa.  iDtcrurbitul  r«j;ion  i'urFTe<l  uitli  Iwuy  jjinnulatlanii:  nialen  witkoat  white  spatttMi 

belly;  dormd  ra.M)  XI,  16;  nuAl  19.  OAiMAr%3m,S3fn. 


9916.  <)TX>OCA!«'rilC)$  PIKTILLieEB  (PaUa*>. 

Br.  GilUei-t  tlcscribea  thiH  8pe(<ie«  aa  follows: 

"  ("omparoil  with  (tymitocaHthiu  fnVunyiw,  (7.  pinlilliger  hua  a  ditTerent  fin 
t'ornml.'tj  tbu  spineis  aiu!  niyaof  iloranl  »iid  un»l  linH  beiug  fewer  in  nazoher. 
Tbib  JH  eliowu  l>y  the  following  tabli*,  liiwod  on  am  exomiuation  of  40 

Bpeciniens: 


SpitMnu 
<Iora*l. 

SoftdorML 

.\nal. 

B*y 

rx. 

X. 

IS. 

u. 

IB.    1   1«. 

i;          It.          17. 

a     ag|  M 
1        1 

9pccillieiiB>  ....■..•.>• 

10 

M 

1 

17 

ai       1 

"  riie  normal  formula  may  therefore  be  jcriven :  D.  IX  or  X.  14  or  16;  A.  Ifi 

or  17.  Tbf  lypi.'  "f  (I.  jnnliUiner  is  Hiiid  to  have  I).  IX.  13:  A.  16;  ami  ito 
Hyiuinyius,  ';.  vciilrali*,  Cuvicr  iV  VitlcncitMineB,  and  G.  inUrmediat,  Tem- 
niinektSi  .Si'Lk'gil,  have,  r«8i>cctively,l>.  IX,  13;  A.  17;  and  D.  IX,  13;  A- 14. 
In  tl.  triciifjii/i  the  fonuiilu  is  1).  XI  or  XII  (rarely  X),  15  to  17;  A.  1»5  to  19. 
The  dorani  (ins  arw  iitorB  widely  Hup.-i-ruted  in  It.  jiintilUiier,  where  the  int.cr- 
apuce  iAt)i|iial  to  *  or  more  than  i  fbe  dianieti<r  of  tlio  pupil.  TLe  vert«- 
liPM'  are  fewer  in  utiuiber,  12-f-'il  instead  of  12  +  -S.  In  O.  piatilligrr  »n 
(»litiis(^  ]iruiaiiieoi-e  aliove  hiiidvr  tuiirgiii  of  orbit  bears  in  yoiin^  iudi- 
vi(lii;il»  ;i  sli'iidrr  cirriiH,  wliifli  fr(>i|i|pntly  diftappoiirH  in  adnlta.  Behind 
tbo  «yc.  11  contiinmiis  oocipitiit  ridgi*  brara  H  smaller  bony  iirnniiucncea, 
the  lirHt  iiumutUntL'ly  liebimi  t)ioo>(>,  (bo  ^oi'Oiid  and  third  ai>pr>i\iiiiAre«l 
at  (lOMU'rior  «nd  of  ridge;  thcBc  bear  no  cirri,  a.  trU'iiBiiis  baa  iio  tiibeii;.|«w 
on  uiH'i]iiit.  In  inalcx  of  ({.  pintillittt-r,  flu<  jioxt  asinl  regiou  in  fiirnixhed 
with  a  iitioiber  of  very  slender  lilamenta,  eai  b  of  which  ia  vxpanded  at  tip 


m 


into  a  roiiii)rri*««'<l  froud-likc  liiuinn,  having  tlie  fr»>p  edge  nioiv  or  less 
lactuiati'  or  fxiujjeil.  Thi'Se  tiS|iando<l  Ujim  utv  liright  whilo  and  vt-ry  con- 
apk'Uuua.  No  trace  of  thi-ni  is  pn-seut  in  feiiialri*,  but  they  develop  in 
uiales  at  a  very  e;ir)v  aK»*-  Thi'se  iiuren  with  the  BtruttiireH  <k'Hrril>t'd  liy 
PallaB,  on  whii-k  bi-  bo«r*.d  the  n.iiiii>  fiistilliger.  'I'hey  6t>tim  not  to  bo 
present  iu  0.  trivHtfm.  The  iipju-r  pieo]>eri'iilur  8i»iiie  is  sharply  bifnieute  in 
eveji  nnr  Hiiialb^at  Bpeciiiii-ns  (oO  mm.),  hut  in  th«>Hr  no  tJ'iico  of  u  Hi-cond 
medial  n]iW4irdly  ilin-cted  spine  i*  |)i-e»eHl.  Th<j  Intter  is  evident  iu  speci- 
inena  70  mm.  and  mort;  in  length,  and  a.<tnval]  cooieaLetl  promiucnre  ro]irii- 
flentiug  a  third  Hpine  is  exwptii>uiilly  pri'i*eiit.  Ntt  trju'o  of  slit  bebiDil 
last  ;;ill.  The  iVdkuving  itniiiHureincntM  ffi^'c  the  depth  of  body  and  Iwigth 
of  bead  in  mill t meters,  an  compareil  with  totnl  length,  la  8  apeciiueus : 


TnUl 
length. 

beud. 

Depth. 

mia. 

mm. 

mm. 

158 

M 

27 

U5 

uut 

as* 

142 

381 

«* 

13S 

38 

241 

m 

40 

3S 

134 

37 

24 

12S 

84* 

21 

n 

25* 

1« 

Yery  yonag  examples  8hi>w  nn  ^onpa  nf  grannlatiuuH  on  hc>ud  ar  nupi^ 
th«a8  bein^  nmally  Muntintr  ju  ^pl•<•iu]•>DH  k'citt  tli:ui  liji  niiu.  hmg.  Iu 
<d(l(»r  exiiinpltw  thi-y  iif"  vsiiiously  dcvi'Iiipcd,  thi'  di'gri'f  of  ariuiitiiii' 
di'peiidi'iit  nritJiiT  «n  aav  nm  sex.  Tlu'y  an-  ncvur  armed  on  iiitfrorhital 
spnce,  iH'inji;  nnliki''  *!.  ijaltaluii  in  this  tvspict,  (he  priiniilattonn  bi'iagcon- 
liufd  tu  iLe  orripital  and  unchitl  n-gtoiis,  with  an  additiiuiiil  climgiilo 
patfh  (in  fhi-  (ii)pi'r  (lart  of  the  iipiM-flc.  In  hifjhly  dcveloju'd  mules,  tln' 
dorsivl  iind  vi-ntr.il  rays  tire  arfompanii-d  with  seriea  of  trihiTclr.s,  The 
rulor  is  Ivniwn  above,  with  very  niirrnw  vurmiDnlating  lines  of  light<T;  » 
black  blotch  iiu  cheek,  uiore  eouspii'uutiti  in  males,  anil  4  inconM])i<'nou8 
croM  buTH  IIU  back;  the  darker  dur.sal  area  is  buumb'd  below  latenil  line 
by  at)  irregular  xeiies  uf  diirk  Blroaks  or  blotthi-s.  In  mair»,  the  tower 
jaw  jind  preo(iereh>  ia  (•rcms-kandud  with  black  and  light  ytdlovv;  the 
iibdomi-n,  biwer  half  of  sides  iu  rrnnt  nf  uuus,  and  prepectoral  region,  with 
huge  nnimliMh  uhito  spc)tH,  separated  by  vermiciilating  areas,  rt'tidered 
dusky  by  aggregiitions  of  wiai-se  bliiok  dots;  vi-ntnilH  dnsky  and  silvi-ry, 
the  latter  fn'tpienrly  fonuing  cr<i«a  bands;  upiuouK  dorHul  dusky  orblitok, 
with  inegulai-  Merics  of  white  sputa  nut  coutiued  to  bawil  pailn  uf  I'm. 
In  both  Hexf!*  the  pei-tiiral«,  srcond  dorsal,  and  cunthtl  are  translueent  or 
yellowiNh,  croaMsd  by  uiirrow  black  bais.  Th*-  fi-niali-s  are  more  nuuier- 
mis  than  the  mah'H  in  <'iir  collectitni,  bat  the  ilioparity  in  number  is  not 
BO  great  as  buu  been  fuuud  by  other  writers,    Iu  45  speoiuens  exumiDed 


2008         Bulletin  4.y,  United  States  Nationo/  ^fus^im. 


lis  to  tliis,  17  Nn^  iii»]pB,  28  f«iniilea.  Amotijx  cpeciiunis  obtjtineiJ  at  Pctro- 
[uuilaki  and  i^t  AlimtroH*  Station  3646,  u(V  Kobben  I.^luuil,  in  18  fathom-, 
ii<»  RiiileM  are  iticlcideil.  Tlio  I'enialeo  ditlVr  from  those  W4-  fa:»r«^  ex^tuiiupd 
frimi  Hristol  Hiiy  in  liiiving;  tlie  top  of  head  more  extonsiveljr  plated,  ihr 
rough  ptate»  extending  (into  middle  of  interorbitiil  8pAC(r,  or  in  1  Hpeciiueu 
outo  aiiuut.  The  preorbitnl  ridKi'«  are  less  rt^guliir  and  faavf  lower  tulier- 
elt<8.  Thv  HperiiiieiiH  indicate  an  upprniu-h  therefore  to  'r.  ffaleatmf.  The 
lin  rujrs  ure  a*  previotialy  given.    In  8  speciuieae  they  are  aa  followa: 


DoTul 

Dorul  rmys. 

Atial 

ntjra.  1 

R» 

IX. 

7 

14. 

1 

U. 
• 

1«. 

... 

SpooiiiieDs  ....- 

1 

1 

a 

1 

S 

Coastsof  AhieVvii;  tiikt-n  almndantly  in  Bristol  Buy  in  4^  to  26  fatbonis.* 
(t>igti!la,  pistil;  gero,  I  bear;  in  albiitioL  to  thi<  nxillary  iiupilliL^  of  thf 
male.) 

Oottitf  pUtiUiger,  Pallas,  Zoogr.Roaso-AaUt.,  iu,  43,1811,  UoalBska:  Cdvu:k  a.   \'al*> 

CICNNKH,  Hiat.  Nat.  Puiaa.,  iv,  103.  Ii'i9:  GCtrraeH,  Cat.,  n,  187.  1800. 
Cot'iw  erntralit,  Covisa  &,  VALBHcniKNES.  Hlat  Nat.  Pcrtaa.,  rv.  IM,  liTiil.  Kamchatka  iC4>U. 

Hr.  Coll«e.    Typ«  in  Brit  Miia.) :  (U'lfTilKK.  Cat.,  II.  167, 1800. 
Ooltuji  crphaloidet,  tiKAV,   iu  CcviEB  &  Valenciekkkb,  illat.  Nat.  Poiaa,,  rv,  IM,  18X1, 

Kamchatlca.     {Type  of  C.  vrnlratit.) 
EUijihoeutlvi  jiiftilliger.  Sauvaok,  Noriv.  Ar«liiv.  Mna.  1878,  142. 
Oymnotanlhu*  itUtiUifj'r,  OiLiiEBT.  Kept.  C.  8.  Fish  Conim.  1893  (1800),  424;  !»m»»»»i.  • 

lU'pl.  l-'ur  !jral  luvueliKatiuns,  189». 


33719.  n¥X»OCA>THi:s  TBICVSPIS  (Reiobudt), 

Hewia^;  depth  If.     I).  XII.IS:  A.  18;  V,  I,  3;  1".  16;  v<>rt.>brn>  12-J-2S 
-iO.     NMal  spines  Hniall;  oeeipitid  Ti<lgeB  low,  the  gpnee  liet-wetin  them 


'Mr.  8eofl«lil  Iis»  tike  fullowiug  Dole  on  IliiH  Hpttcles: 

Throe  sikcolineiM  t«k«a  at  Umntly  Hurbor,  Port  Clarenoe,  AlMka, 

fin  /ormulir. 


D, 

A. 

P. 

C.  Iinmolied 
ray*. 

U 

1« 
13 

1« 

17 
15 

18 
18 
17 

t 
D 
9 

I  linvo  compiiroil  lliem  with  •peciniena  tAkcn  by  the  AUHilrntt  in  sniitbern  B«rttiK  S«« 
KDil  flixl  Clieni  tlu'  Hiiinr'.  In  thi^  feiitxle  talccn  at  Port  C'larvntro  I  lie  fruwn  (Dot  tirtwrwo 
Ibc  oyea),  unpe,  unit  u|i|»'r  liall  itf  iiihtcIvii  arccovi^rnl  wiih sinl'roii.'v  bouy  pl»t«a.  Tbrae 
p1iit«0  art*  prt'M'iit  id  aoim^ol'  Ibt^  fcMiiiileA  tiiiii^n  bv  11)^  Athatrttu,  but  arr  not  eoertUeiit. 
The  female  bnx  »  (V»  acHttoriMi  njiii;1i  |iri<  kli'x  biific  uf  tlip  <iri);iu  of  thp  ixN-torala-  Tha 
fDiilee  buVe  tlu*  iiiiiflbrooiii  liki'  iiliioi4'iiM  rii\'('rf-tl  by  the  |>oi*(oritl.M  luiil  tbc  middle  nt\a  of 
the  peclomta  hnvt>  papillii-  ulony  their  Innur  f<lEL'.'  Thin  tinh  Uns  bcfii  ri'iHirtMl  frorii  ih* 
Atlantic  niilu  of  Nnrlh  Aiticricn,  )>iit  it  i»  iiioIiMblv  n  lilllerint  apisiea,  aa  the  miishnwni- 
lilio  fllawn-"t«  arc  Hol  rufntionod  in  thuir  ilcunripdon.  .Sir  John  KichardMin  took  a  atofclo 
Bp<^'iiiicn.  II  roinnh*  !>or  6  ini'lipw  loii^,  iil  liiiiltturi  Hay,  wlijcii  aiipcara  t*i  1m^  the  «:^i?to  aa 
tlieno  i"r«iii  Il**riti).' St'a.     He  iii»>ntilir*l  it  iw  J'Aofrc/or /nn»#7M>  (Kniyer).  anil  *  ',■       "^  H 

aprpM  j*rfMtly  witlionrKpwinmiiM,  but  iiihiji  ilpfM-ripliim  )n>ilor»n'iilimmti.'  .  • 

hat'li  of  lbi>  origiu  nf  the  jtiHloTttla,  anil  he  iticiilinUH  u  fuw  auiibruue  bouy  jiliiu  ,    ,.» 

the  aet-uikd  lioraal  wtiich  uiir  apociuieug  du  Uul  htive. 


J 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2000 


concave,  witli  rough  plates;  aiiprBorbital  riilgc  fuilind  in  :t  liliint  tiilwTcIi'; 
intrrnrljiUil  iireii  with  Hiiiootli  skiu.  Eyes  very  hirgi-;  lunxillary  rxtpnd- 
ilij;  til  juipil;  U[^|lel'  piunjuTculjir  Sjiiiir  brii.i<l ;  much  slanti'i'  tluiu  I'yo, 
with  about  3  jioiiits;  s-lvin  mostly  am<«>tb;  axil  firickly,  but  witlmiit 
friiij;eil  lilaiiiL-ntH;  inner  i>ilg«!  ol'  niiiblle  jiuc-liii;il  rays  piijiiiloHti  (miib-). 
^^pinllllH  dorsiil  vrry  hi^ti  iiinl  bmu,  tbe  lon^i'itt  H)>iiie,s  in  th<.<  ui.il(>  }  b<ngth 
uf  bt'itd ;  scconil  liorsnl  iv  littb'  biwiT;  anal  vtiry  long,  nithor  low;  pec- 
tDDiliJ  very  bruail,  rvaching  punt  front  of  jiiiul,  the  lower  rays  riipiilly 
shortened;  ventraU  extremely  long,  the  rays  long,  exserted,  reucblug  jnwt 
front  of  anal;  iiiial  pjipilla  large,  iiurk  brown  above,  with  trarris  of 
ilarker  viirtiful  bars;  bi-lly  ]i;ile:  miilctt  with  th<i  axillnry  region  ilnaky, 
witb  umay  largi-  round  white  Hpota;  tirst  dorsal  bliK-kish,  with  ]ialo 
bliit<'h<>»;  Bccnnd  (lorN«l  with  iilteriisiting  obliipu'  bands  of  wbito  and 
binrktHh;  anal  a.iid  eaiidnl  oearly  [ilain;  pecturalx  »iid  ventrnlK  yellowiiili, 
with  black  crons  bars;  inaudible  barred  with  black.  Arctic  seaa,  ftoiith 
to  Norway  and  Labrador;  not  very  coinaiou  ou  our  cmiMts.  Here  described 
from  a  H|iecirneii  from  Grei-uliind.  Dr.  Ciiiuther  givra  tbo  fnllowing  aiiii- 
touiical  details:  "The  li^er  is  Inrgu,  round,  not  diviib-d  into  lobes,  aud 
situated  priiioipally  on  the  Irl't  aiiln  of  tlic  .stoniach.  The  stomach  is  very 
spariiiax  and  curved;  the  pylorus  with  t}  App>-ndageH;  the  int<'i4iiie8 
apjiear  to  make  1  complete  circuui volution.  The  ovuriii  are  separated 
from  i-ach  other  to  their  po-sterior  extremity.  The  nrine  bbidder  \n  nar- 
row, uhmgate,  ailnate<i  above  the  right-hand  ovariani,  Sk<'letoii:  The 
cutiJiguratiou  of  the  Mknll  in  inu^h  luuro  ximilar  to  r*.  j^uAio  ihaii  to  V-. *f«r- 
piu»  or  huhalii.  The  apace  between  the  orbits  is  voiy  slightly  concave, 
very  narruWj  its  width  being  nearly  i  th>'.  iliHtalico  between  the  npper 
poKterior  angles  of  the  orjiita.  The  crown  is  (lat.  without  any  longitudi- 
nal or  transverse  lidges,  bnt  with  very  slight  imprcMriion  in  tlie  middle. 
The  fronlitl  Ixmes,  (ho  preuperculuni.  tlie  maud ibuLi,  and  the  infraiirbttals 
Inuo  very  dJHtim't  iimtHerous  rbiinucds;  Ihc  tiirbi mils  are  ]iriivided  with 
u  minute  spine.  The  ninnl>er  of  the  cniidal  vcrti-bne  i»  iacreased,  there 
being  1:3  iii  the  abdmuiual  purtiioi  and  2M  iii  the  caudal,"  (t)u.}  (Ire*, 
thrtje;  eutpU,  euap.) 

Cotttu  gvbio,  FABBiciim.  Knnna  (iru>nliuidica.  No.  1&,  1780,  Greenland. 

Coltv  Irii-utjiit,  Kei.nhauut.  Vuloiisk.  Selnk.  Nat.  Math.  Afliaodl.,  vn,  1838,  117,  Oreen- 

land :  iH'nthkii.  Cat..  It.  108,  imo. 
ColUm/abrieii,  GUIAKD,  Monognph  Cottotd^,  60, 18M.  CSreenland ;  after  Vnttui  giJtio,  Fab- 

KICIVS. 
Vollua  vmtralit,  CoLLETT,  CbristUnla  Vid.  Selak.  Forli.  1878,  Ul ;  not  of  Cdvikb  &.  VALEjt- 

CIEN.'iEd. 

AeanlhotctUui  patriM.'  H.  R.  STORBa,  Boat,  Jonr.  Nat,  Hiat,.  VI,  IWI,  350,   Labrador. 

(Coll.  Dr.  Hunitiu  Ruliiiisou  Storer.> 
rhubrtor  trictitpi;  KRJivEK,  Natur.  TIdakr.,  1, 283, 1844. 
<?ymFiocan(Aiu  pMUligrr,  Jobuah  k,  GILBERT.  Syno[kaia,  70S,  1883;  not'-ir  PaujLB. 


*  Tliin  noiithorii  funii.  iiam<-(l  "jmtriji"  by  I)r.  B.  K. Storor,  for  lila  diatiugulnliiil  futli«r, 
ueodi*  inniftnriiuiii  with  Oyinnofanthut  tricvtiiis. 

303l> 49 


2010         liul/cthi  47^  Ignited  States  National  Museum. 


it",.  (IVMXMANTHI'K  (iALK.iTI'K.  Itoan. 

Head  3}  (iiiclmlinK  cuudal) ;  ae)>tli  7i.  1).  XI,  16;  A.  19;  V,  I,  3.  Body 
elongate.  A  small  tuben-le  altovu  eiicb  eye;  4  preopercnlar  spines,  the 
longest  about  as  long  aH  uyo,  an<I  with  2  or  H  processes.  Space  between 
eyes  deeply  concave,  rouipletely  covered  with  buuy  granulations,  as  are 
the  crown  and  neck;  Hiniilur  gninnlatious  on  hinder  margin  of  orbit,  on 
Huborbitul  Htay  and  on  o|><-rele.  Skin  of  body  naked.  Pectorals,  and  in 
nialeH  the  ventrulH  also,  reaebing  beyond  vent ;  maxillary  reaching  to 
below  eye.  Slit  behind  loHt  gill  not  deHcribed.  Olivaceous;  back  with  4 
diMtinet  brown  spota,  the  longest  nearly  twiee  lis  long  as  eye,  and  ext«nd- 
iug  a  little  below  lateral  Hue,  there  blending  with  a  wavy  lateral  stripe; 
dorsals  and  pectorals  with  interrupted  blaek  baud;  lower  fins  plain 
wliititili.  Ur.  (iilbcrt  describes  a  single  male  specimen,  210  mm.  long, 
from  ChernofHki  Harbor.  Uiialanka  Islaud: 

TIk'  srxiial  ]>i'Oiilinriii<-H  nrc  leas  Htruii(;l,v  iimrked  than  in  much  smaller  males  of  Q. 
jiUtHli'ier.  Tile  rnitralH  exteiul  )nit  little  beyond  the  fruut  of  tlie  snal  fin,  and  are 
iiiimurki-(1.  Thi-  ii1»lunien  i8  iilsn  )>laiii,  without  the  round  white  s|Kit  chararteristir  of 
mule  H|HK-iiiii'iin  of  (>'.  jnttUli'jrr  niid  (/.  trimtpiM.  Tliew  murks  are  apparently  abseot  also 
in  the  type,  oh  no  mention  in  niaile  of  tlii-iu.  The  hjiIiiouh  ilumul  is  not  greatly  elevated, 
itH  l<in;;eHt  spiin'  l>ein^  contained  'J)  times  in  the  head.  It  is  without  distinvtlTe  mark- 
iiifis.  iH-iuK  coloretl  like  the  soft  dorsal,  liuht  yelluwisli,  rnMsbaiided  with  darker.  Anal 
pupilla  short.  5  mm.  in  h-ngth.  I'lateH  on  head  an  in  desrription,  covering  the  inter- 
orbital  ref;iun,  rniwn,  wcijiut,  and  napo  as  far  back  as  front  of  dorsal;  present  alio  on 
upiier  part  of  oiicnle.  and  in  a  vertical  Htreuk  iiiunedintely  behind  eye.  A  very  promt, 
nvnt  t  uben-ln  over  hinder  margin  of  «yu,  a  constrictiun  iHihiiid  it.  Occipital  ridge  broadly 
rounded,  without  tiiliercles  or  eouMpicuoiis  )ironiineneeH  of  any  kind,  but  with  3  smooth 
areas  C(>rres|ionding  in  jiosil  ion  wil  li  the  tuberclcH  of  '/'.  putUligtr,  perhaps  present  as  such 
in  the  yoiinc.  The  anlerior  one  is  slij;htl,\  elevated.  No  HU)H-rtiliary  filaments  Pre- 
ojiercnlar  siiiiies  iiiaHHi\e.  Bhorl.  with  a  Kiiigle  fork  ut  tip,  no  aceeasory  spiDes  developed.* 
Axil  with  prickly  scales,  lint  without  lilanii-nts.  Drirsal  XI, 16;  anal  19.  Lateral  line 43. 
Head  j'J  inni.lonK:  dcptli  :i'J  mm.  The  depth  is  there  (>}  in  the  total  length,  not  7}  as 
dcjicrilicil  for  the  tyjie. 

-Mentian  and  I'ribilof  i.sliinds;  known  from  rnalaska  and  St.  Paul,  .'iiid 
Point  IJarrow.     {tiuliiituii.  lielmeted.) 

ihnniioriiiithiif  •lalfdtiit.  IlKAN,  I'roc.  l'.  S.  Nat.  Mom.  l.'-Hl,  l.V),  Unalaska  (Tvpe,  Xo.  28IS.I7. 
OiiU.  SyhaiiiiN  r.all<\vi:  .loiiDAN  A  (;iLni:liT,  Synopsis,  707,  1IW3 ;  Oll.BKRr,  Kept.  I'.  S. 
Fisb  (diiini.  ISVJ  (imi*i|.  4'J'>. 

742.  LEIOCOTTUS,  (Jirard. 
Liineulliin,  Cut  MM),  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1H56,  133  Oiininilo). 

Body  rlouoiiti'.  cdvered  with  thick,  smxotli  skin.  Head  compressed,  nar- 
rowed above,  not  externally  bony,  Mmith  small,  horizontal,  low;  villi- 
foriii  toetli  in  both  jaws  and  on  the  \  oiiier.  none  tin  the  palatines;  upper 

'  Ml  Scotleld  lias  the  following  note  on  a  small  Hpccinicn  (3)  inchtss)  coIle<'te<i  at  Toiut 
JJaiTow.  Ala.'.ka: 

Fin  lonmilii :  V  '>■  X.  15:  A.  17;  P.  18;  V.  3.  Head  3i  <ir  3,>„  indiidiug  caudal:  eye  3i 
to  end  of  opcri'iilar  spine;  unoiil  4:  maxillary  2J  or  past  imsterior  edgo  of  pupil;  inter- 
orbital  a  ill  IciiKtli  of  oriiit,  ilepili  .'i^ ;  l,ai.  linV  4:1  or  44.  Kifih  or  sixth  ray  or  |ie<-tiiral 
liiii};e't  ami  reaching  to  iliird  anal  ra\.  Ventral;'  rcachiuK  $  to  vent.  Mouth  sliglilly 
olili(|iio.  l'p]N'r  preopercnlar  s]iine  with  3  sharp  points  on  its  np}ier  side.  No  papilhe 
or  .fliarji  jioints  under  in-clorals. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     2011 


prec>pereu]ar  apiue  short,  strong,  with  bifurcated  tip;  saborbital  stay 
uarrow ;  gill  membranes  partly  free  from  the  isthmus,  over  which  they 
form  a  broad  fold;  a  slit  behind  foartb  gill.  First  dorsal  with  its  upper 
margin  somewhat  S-shapcd,  the  first  2  spines  elongate,  the  middle  ones  of 
nearly  eqnal  h.^c^th,  and  the  posterior  ones  rapidly  shortt'^ned;  ventruls  1, 
3.    Shore  fishes  of  the  Pacific.    (Ae<'os,  smooth;  xorro;,  6'of(u«.) 


2878.  LEIOOOTTVS  HIRUMIO,  Glmrd. 

Head  3i;  depth  4i;  eye  large,  ^k  in  head.  D.  IX,  17;  A.  15;  V.  I,  3. 
Body  elongate,  fusiform,  the  caudal  peduncle  slender;  profile  of  snout 
decnrved;  maxillary  reaching  front  of  urbit;  3  small  cirri  at  the  end  of 
each  maxillary ;  preopercular  margin  with  several  similar  cirri ;  opercle 
and  shoulder  girdle  without  spines ;  upper  preopercular  spine  as  long  aa 
pupil.  Top  of  head  smooth;  supraorbital  ridges  little  elevated;  nasal 
spines  distant  from  tip  of  snout.  Spinous  dorsal  elevated  in  front,  the 
first  2  rays  much  longer  than  the  oihers,  nearly  }  length  of  head ;  soft 
dorsal  and  anal  fius  rather  long ;  ]>ectoral8  rea<^hing  past  front  of  anal ; 
ventrals  to  vent.  Ulivaceons,  shaded  with  light  blue  and  reticulated  with 
brownisli  red,  the  latter  color  predominating  on  the  head;  sides  with  4 
broad,  oblique,  brownish-red  bars,  the  first  3  running  from  dorsal  forward 
and  downward,  the  fourth  from  caudal  peduncle  backward  to  base  of 
caudal;  abdomen  orange  browu,  with  pale  spots;  caudal  orange  brown, 
with  yellow  bar.s  near  the  ti]);  fius  with  bars  and  spots  of  dark  brownish 
red;  breast  and  ventrals  whitish;  3  dark  blotches  at  base  of  pectorals; 
spiuons  dorsal  with  obliiiue  dark  streaks ;  a  dark  blotch  on  each  <^ye  above, 
and  a  light  streak  forward  and  downward  from  eye.  Length  10  inches. 
Santa  Barbara  Islands,  in  shallow  water;  not  rare,  but  extremely  local. 
(hirunio,  swallow.) 

Leioeottut  hirundo,  CilBABD,  Froc.  Ao.  Kat  Sol.  Phila.  1850, 133,  San  Miguel  Island,  near 
Santa  Barbara  (Coll.  Lieutenant  Trowbridge);  UlBAJio,  U.  &  i.*ac.  S.  it.  Surv.,  x. 
Fishes,  62, 1858. 

Cotitu  hirundo,  GCntiieb,  Cat.,  il,  166, 1860. 

LvKotttu  hirundo,  Joboan  II  UILBBRT,  Synopsis,  713, 1883. 


743.  LEPTOCOTTUS,  Girard. 

IjrpUteottui,  GiRABD,  Proc  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1854, 130  {armatut). 

Body  elongate,  de)>resHed,  covered  with  perfectly  smooth  skin.  Head 
depressed,  oblong,  not  very  broad,  without  cirri ;  lower  jaw  included ; 
suborbital  stay  narrow;  teeth  on  jaws,  vomer,  and  palatines.  Gill  mem- 
branes rather  narrowly  joined  to  the  isthmus,  not  forming  a  fold  across 
it;  a  slit  behind  fourth  gill ;  preopercular  spine  strong,  with  2  or  3  points 
hooked  upward.  Dorsal  fins  Neparate ;  the  spinous  dorsal  short  and  small, 
entire;  ventrals  I,  4.  Shore  fishes  of  the  Pacific,  {kentoi,  sieudei; 
Korroi,  Cottut.) 


2012  Bulletin  4.7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


8S;9.  LEPTOCOTTV8  ABaATVH.  Girard. 

(SMOOTU  <ilMKKf».) 

Head  3  in  lenRth ;  dopth  6.  I).  VII,  17 ;  A.  17 ;  V.  1, 4.  Head  long  and 
depressed:  mouth  large,  the  maxillary  reaching  beyond  eye;  interorbititl 
space  broail,  xcarcely  roncave;  nasal  spines  concealed;  top  of  head  flnt- 
tish,  covered  with  rugose  skin ;  upper  preopercular  spine  with  S  or  4  spin- 
iiIcH  hooked  upward;  suborbital  stay  sli-ndcr,  not  reaching  ]>reoperc-le; 
(\re  very  small,  less  than  interocnlar  width,  1\  in  head;  lateral  line  com- 
plete; skin  everywhere  smooth;  no  prickles  nor  ciri'i.  Dorsal  spines  very 
slender  and  low ;  pectorals  reaching  or  extending  beyond  vent;  ventrals 
halfway  to  vent.  Grayish  olive  above,  becoming  abruptly  white  mnd 
silvery  below;  sides  creamy;  )>ector»I  iins  creamy  yellow,  with  5  or  6 
black  croBH  bars;  spinous  dorsal  dusky,  with  an  ink-like  blotch  on  tiji  of 
last  rays,  and  an  oblique  white  bund  below;  soft  dorsal  dusky  with  sev- 
eral oblique  white  bands;  caudal  banded;  ventrals  and  anal  plain. 
Length  12  inches.  Pacific  Coast  from  Kadink  to  San  Diego;  everywhere 
very  common,  the  mont  abundant  of  the  Cottoids  of  our  west  coast;  liv- 
ing near  shore.  It  flattens  the  head  and  exxiands  the  preopercular  spines 
when  disturbed.    (armat*»,  armed.) 

Leptoeottut  armatiu,  PiIHARD,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Pliila.  1854, 131.  Cape  Flattery,  Fort  Steil- 
acoom,  Willapa  Bay,  Humboldt  Bay,  San  Francisco,  Monterey,  San  Pedro,  Fort 
Point,  San  Diego,  Tomales  Bay  (Coll.  Dr.  Suckley,  Dr.  Conixtr,  T.ieiit.  Trowbridge, 
etc.);  GiBARU,  U.  S. Pnc. R. K. Surv., X.  Fisli.,  6U,1858;  JOKUA.N  &  GlLBKKT, Synopsia, 
714. 1883. 

OmtricUrmiehthyt  amuUitu,  UCNTHKR.C'at.,  11,171,1860. 

744.  CLINOCOTTUS,  Oill. 

Clinoeottug,  (SlLL,  Vtw.  \c.  X.it.  S<-i.  I'liila.  1861.  ICfi  (analis). 

This  genus  dilfi-rs  from  Oligorotlui  in  having  the  skin  of  the  sides  of 
body  mesially,  covered  more  or  less  thickly  with  minute  prickly  scales 
emb«Mlde<l  in  the  skin;  anteriorly,  forked  cirri  take  the  place  of  scales ; 
mouth  will)  lateral  cleft :  preopercular  H])ine  .short,  Uifun-ate.  >Small  tishes 
of  the  California  rock  jiools.     {CHinm;  Vottun.) 

2:l*«0.  tXIXOCOTTl'S  AN.tMS  (iJininl). 

Head  3i;  depth  4 J.  D.  IX,  1«  to  18;  A.  13  or  14;  V.  I,  3;  P.  l.-j.  Head 
narrower  anteriorly  and  rather  pointed;  month  with  lateral  cleft,  the 
maxillary  reaching  beyond  pupil :  band  of  paLitine  teeth  short  and  nar- 
row, often  ali.sent  on  one  side  or  on  both  ;  eye  l;irge,  5  in  head,  about  twice 
the  wiilth  of  tlie  deeply  grooved  interorliital  8|)aee;  nasal  spines  distant 
from  Huout;  preopereuliir  spine  short,  bifurcate;  cniniuni  plane  above; 
upper  part  of  liody  niesially  covered  with  minute,  embedded,  nonimbri- 
cated,  pectinate  scales;  anteriorly,  siniili  cirri,  lunsfly  bifid  or  tritid,  take 
the  pla(^c  of  the  scales.  Head,  esj)ecially  above,  with  very  many  similar 
cirri;  a  fringe  of  cirri  on  edge  of  preoperi'le.  l>orsnl  tins  contiguous, 
rather  low;  pectoral  reaching  piust  front  of  anal;  anal  papilla  very  large. 


Jordan  and  Evemiann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2013 


Olivnfi'oriH,  nomrtimi's  very  pnio,  HnTnPtitui'R  ni'iirly  Muck,  occiiajniwilly 
il:IMhi'll  with  Ir(li1l(4li,  iiillrll  riliittli-il,  :lll(l  with  liiiniiTnlis  Htu:iit  tttiK'k  Ullil 
wliitc  spills;  aliimt  '\  irn-piilar  il;irk<-r  liiirw;  ii  ibirk  Uiir  al  liiirw  of  cjiiitlal; 
litis  :ill  apii*tf(l  J  ciiri  very  TiunnTniis,  imiBtly  wliiliHli,  f;i\inK  tln'  Hsli  ii. 
vvimlly  !>|n>i'iiriiiM'<>  ill  life.  LojiKth  3  \\i  7  iitcbcs.  Const  cif  Culifui-iiia ; 
ul>iiii<i;iiit  ill  nir'k  piMils  from  Mtmlircy  sontliwiinl  t<i  Lciw<-r  rMlifiimi;!-, 
rnrtlKT  Koiitli  tliuii  iiiijr  uthcr  of  the  CiLifcimia  Cottidir.  (aiinlix,  t'mai  tliu 
lurj^c  iiiiul  pitpilla.) 

Olillueottiit  analit,  GnuKD,  Proo.  Ao.  Vat.  S<-i.  FhiU.  IKJ7,  aoi,  Monterey  (CoU.  A.  S. 

Taylor.    Typ<-,  No.  *iX.  U.  S.  N'lt.  Mo«,) ;  Ciraru,  IT.  8.  Pac  B.  U.  Surv.,  .v,  FUliea, 

67,  Wig;  JuitDAK  &OILBEBT,  .SyDO|wls.  "IS,  1H83. 
OoUtit  erinigrr,  CiCin-nBR,  Cat..  II.  522,  IMU,  Monterey,  Caliromia 
Vfiilriilfnniflithj/iiaHnlit.fiVjnHER,  Cut.,  it.  171,  IStlW, 
Cd'tiseoHiM  anaitt,  J0IU>AJ(  it  EVEMlAini.C'lieck'LUt  Kishpn  North  and  Miildln  Amurico, 

444.1894. 

745.  OLIGOCOTTUS,  Olrard. 

Oligoenttiit,  CrlliARn,  Vtw..  Ac.  Nat.  Kri.  T'litlo.  laH,  133  {ma^ilonul. 

Botly  rittliiT  cltHigntc.  tbo  akin  anioatli;  preoptTciihir  spiiip  Blender  and 
Kliarp,  Miiiplc  <ir  with  n  .hIiii^Ii'  :tiitli'r-1iki-  procefM  nixn)';  siiistll  t4'ntji<-li-H 
on  tii';id  mid  iinti'iior  piirto  of  body;  ((ill  iiK'mln'uiieH  lirosidly  itiiiti'd.  frco 
fruiii  Mir  iHtliiuii!):  fliit  li<-luiid  fmirth  ^iil  mtinll  nr  olisolrti';  dorHiil  Npini-s 
nlciiilt-r,  the  l]ii  Hhort  aii<1  tiot  iMiiui-L;gii:it«;  jin;il  piipillu  of  niiilc  Iiii'ki*; 
vriitiiilH  I,  3.  SnjdII  llrtbrr*  i>(  tlic  Niiitli  Pin-ilif,  iiiUitliiting  ro<-k  poola 
lictwbca  tide  tuiirks,  tbo  wry  smttUcst  of  tlie  Cutlidai.  (oXiyoi,  sinull; 
Coiiug.) 

a.  FriMiiterculur  nj>\nc-  liifid,  having  a  proreaa  directMl  npward  in  wldtUoo  to  Uie  polntnl 

apiUB:  I>.  Viri,  111:  A.  12  lit  U. 

h    First  dorrtjil  u-jllir>iil  rif-i'lhit*.  K|)ot ;  lintiil  witb  iHuny  ciixi ;  mule  wUb  the  anterior 

ra,Tii  or  anal  cnUruril  ami  iletuilitMl.  MAcrL'tfiUs,  l!:i81. 

ib.  Flnt  daraol  with  a  Mw'k  on-lhis:  oini  on  liood  Tew:  anul  flu  in  malrit  wlMi  tbr 

antorlur  rays  not  eMpuvloll;  dnlar^nd  or  iliitiurhoil,  BOKKAUe,  wSi>82, 


8881.  OLlQOi'OTTUS  HAiULOSUS,  Qirard. 
(JoBMirr.) 

Htjad  3;  dppth  1.  D.  VIII-16;  A.  12  tn  11.  Head  slrTta.T,  Ttnirnwcd 
above,  tlie  enont  riitUor  point^'d ;  ina.Nillury  roarliin;;  imi>il;  to|i  nf  liead 
witli  several  scattered  rirri;  a,  lew  on  sides  of  head;  cirri  on  hitt^rnl  lino 
aiitericirly  ami  on  front  of  liaek,  iilnu  along  bane  of  dcnsals.  No  scakw  or 
prickle,-*  anywhere ;  prpojiereiiliir  spine  forked ;  front  rny«  of  anal  onlar|,'ed 
and  detiiclied  in  tiia1«.s;  iiaul  papilla  large  (in  jiialeH);  poitoralH  reaching 
well  beyontt  front  of  anal.  IlHtial  color,  reddish  lirown,  varyiujj  to  gray, 
intoiiau  green  orcrinmon  acrorilingto  snrrotnidings,  the  vivid  eolors  devel- 
oped in  the  ]ireHi>nce  of  similarly  colored  nlgic;  Adh  all  barred;  belly 
naiiEilly  livid  bluish  or  fjrfieiiisli ;  lower  side  of  head  with  while  niottlincB, 
I.en;;t1i  2  to  3  inches.  I'ai-ilH'  coast,  frniii  Cape  Mendoeiuo  to  Point  Con- 
cepriuii,  rather  eoiniiion;  one  of  the  miiul lent  of  the  marine  Cottidtr,  a  brijjlit- 
folored  iubabitaiit  of  rock  pools,     (muvtdosut.  spotted.) 


t 


2014         Bullelin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


(Xiffncolttit  maenlotus,  GlRARn,  rrmt.  Ar.  Xat.  Sri.  I'biln.  1056.  153.  Tomalea  Bay  (CoU.  B. 

SamiieU);  San  Franciaco  (Coll.  Lient.  Trowbridge):   Fort  Steilacoom  (Coll.  I)r.  O. 

Sucklejr) ;  CilBABD,  1.'.  S.  Par,  It.  ](.  Sorv.,  x,  yiali.,  56, 1858;  JordaX  &  UOSSBT,  Syu- 

opHifi.  718. 1H83. 
Centridermiehthyt  maailosut,  OCstiieii,  Cat.,  ii,  I'l,  1860. 

S38S.  OLIOOCOTTI'S  BOREAUS.  Jordan  Ic  Sn.vder. 

Head  3j^ ;  depth  4^ ;  orbit  4  in  head ;  snont  4 ;  maxillary  21^.  D.  VIII  or 
IX-16  or  17 ;  A.  12  to  14 ;  P.  14 ;  liiglieHt  dorsal  spine  3 ;  dorsal  ray  2.i ;  can- 
dal  ray  1|;  flmt  nnal  ray,  male  IJ,  fcmalf  3;  ventrals  Ifi ;  caudal  pednnole 
3};  pectorals  3  in  looKth.  Body  Rompresse«l,  elongate;  bark  souiew bat 
elevated,  det-pest  below  middle  of  spinous  dorsal.  Head  almost  as  wide  a« 
long,  tapering  ttoni  behind  to  the  somewhat  pointed  Knont;  profile  of 
head  rounded  above,  straight  below;  mouth  terminal,  nearly  horizontal; 
maxillary  extending  to  vertical  through  posterior  part  of  pnpil ;  lower 
Jaw  included;  jaws,  vomur,  and  palatines  with  villiform  t«eth;  snout  as 
long  as  orbit;  eye  high  in  head;  intororbital  space  narrower  than  width 
of  orbit,  its  concavity  angular;  ojtercle  with  a  triangular  Hap:  angle  of 
preopercle  produced  into  a  forked  spine,  which  is  covered  with  skin, 
except  on  the  sharp  points;  prongs  of  ]treopi-rcular  Hpine  i  as  long  as 
orbit;  nasal  spines  prominent;  the  long  pri-iiiaxillary  processes  forming  a 
sharp  ridge  between  the  latter;  brancbiostegal  membranes  forming  a  fold 
across  the  isthmus;  gills  3A,  the  slit  beliiud  the  fourth  arch  much  reduced; 
pseudobrancbia-  present;  gill  rakers  represented  by  a  few  protuberances 
on  the  arch.  Bkin  smooth;  tilamcuts  on  free  end  of  maxillary,  on  infe- 
rior edge  of  preopercle,  and  tirxt  dorsal  to  the  bases  of  the  pectoral  fins; 
also  a  row  of  filaments  extending  along  the  supraorbital  crest,  over  the 
back  of  the  head  and  along  the  lateral  line  for  about  1  the  length  of  the 
body,  the  filament^)  usually  paired,  i.  e.,  2  grow  from  the  same  place; 
anal  ]iapil]a  prominent;  hirg<-  uinoous  pores  scattered  about  the  to])  and 
Hides  of  head;  pores  of  lateral  liui-  3(!  to  40.  Dorsal  lin.i  2,  separate;  first 
dorsal  4  in  Iwiid  and  body,  curving  from  distal  end  of  first  sjiine  to  posterior 
part  of  ba.se;  spines  rather  feeble:  second  dorsal  2  in  head  and  body,  a 
little  higher  than  first,  its  middle  rays  lou^^est;  anal  fin  about  Sj-  in  head 
and  body;  in  the  male  the  first  and  second  rays  lousiest,  the  third,  fourth, 
and  fifth  each  a  little  shorter  than  the  preceding  one.  the  last  shortest ;  in 
the  female  the  first  ray  is  the  shortest;  caudal  tin  somewhat  rouudeil ; 
jieetoral  rays  below  the  sixth  vontrally  free  from  the  connecting  mem- 
brane for  a  portion  of  their  length;  ventral  tins  reaching  to  vent,  in  some 
specimens  to  anal,  t'olor.  usually  reddish  brown,  varying  to  gray,  in- 
tense green  or  crimson,  according  to  si>iToiindini:s,  the  colors  developed 
in  the  presence  of  similarly  <'olored  alg.e;  dorsiils,  ])cctoral8,  anti  caudal 
barred;  anal  sometimes  baircd;  front  of  s]iinons  dorsal  with  an  orellated 
black  spot.  Paeiiie  Coast,  from  I'rinec  Will  iam  ."^ound  to  Oreg<m ;  the  types 
collected  in  tide  pools  at  Neali  I!ay,  Tuget  Sound,  by  Mr.  K.  C.  Starks. 
Otherswere  collected  at  Neah  Itayliy.Mr.  Ibury  St.  (.'lair,  and  still  others  in 
Departure  Bay,  Vancouver  Island,  by  Dr.  C.  11.  (iilbert.  This  species  is 
closely  relate<l  to  Oligocottut  mncitlusuK,  l>nt  may  be  distinguished  from  the 
latter  by  having  fewer  filaments  on  the  head  and  body,  an  ocellated  spot 


Jordan  and  Kvermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     iJ(U5 


on  front  of  flrnt  dnrHiil,  aii<l  by  Imvin^r  the  ruyH  of  tli«<  nnitl  tin  in  tlio  innle 
nil  eonti6(-ti^d  by  iiietnUraiu';  the  tiret  nty  of  ariut  i.s  much  nlimter  aud 
weiikt!r  in  f>.  Iioretilit.     {borealit,  uortberu.) 

fHigoeatlv  bortnli;  .Ioroan  ic  Shtdeb,  l'r<H\  CaL  Ao.  Scl..  Series  2,toI.  vi,  Igwi,  ass,  Neeb 
Bay.    (CoU.  E.  C.  Swrks.     Type,  No.  3390.  L.S.  Jr.  Univ.  Uu«.) 

746.  OXYCOTTUS,  .lontnn  &.  Evcrmnnn.  new  genns. 
Ozjieotttif.  JoanAH  A.  Evkiimas^,  new  grnun  (ocwSM-rp-il. 

'  Tbifl  getiiiii  m  ullieil  to  (Hiifoiolluii,  d'\t\'t>tuig  hi  tht^  ahftenoe  af  npunnl 
prot'tiHB  (ID  the  tib»rp,  npwitrdly  curved  proapcrcular  apiue.  No  slit  Uvliiiid 
last  gill.    (oii>$,  sharp;  Cotttu.) 

a.  Snout  aliu-p:  unal  raj-a  1 2  or  13.  ArCTirKPS, 'J.183. 

IM.  SnuLit  bluDtUb;  anal  rayii  10.  KUBBTUM,  2:184. 

San«.  (IXYCOTTUS  AOrTICEPB  (rrlUipHI. 

Head  3^  to  3| ;  i-ye  -1  in  liead ;  snout  I.  D.  VII  or  VIIl,  15  or  16;  A.  12  or 
13.  Heafi  HlondcnT  and  with  .sharper  mioiit  than  in  O.  mflcn/dSM*.  luter- 
orliitui  npftfii  tilit»htlj-  conciivo,  its  width  |  eyp;  luiixilliiry  region  verti- 
cal Just  in  front  of  the  pu])il,  3  iu  head.  Cardifoitii  tt'otli  on  jaws,  vomer, 
and  pahitine  lioncM.  I'rt'operiMiljir  spine  nluiidcr,  sliarp,  cnrvfd  upward 
iind  iiiwurd,  ni-ithcr  notclind  nor  forked.  Proopercitlar  iiiiir);in  tiiiiirnied 
Ixdiiwjt;  nnanl  itpineg  hharp;  occipnt  without  ridges  or  spines;  optiirln 
tMfkt'ue<i  ;iuovL>,  endiu)^  buluud  in  :i  lomidi-d  loin-;  without  didiuitv  ridye 
or  Hpinu.  Bruncliio.stL'iy^iila  6;  no  rvitlcut  porea  behind  httt  gill ;  {y^ill  nieiu^ 
branea  broiHlly  united,  IVfo  from  the  isthniue.  A  cirrtiw  at  inner  Imxe  of 
uiiHal  spines,  It  pairs  <>ven]y  spari-d  on  top  of  liead,  1  above  nrldts,  1 
podtiTiorly  on  occiput,  aud  1  mulway  be  twieu  theao  2;  a  cirrus  .tt 
angle  of  opercio;  1  iibove  each  pure  on  untoriur  portion  of  lateral  line; 
MideH  of  bnily  otbiTwise  Hmooth,  withont  further  cirri  and  witliniit  nxil- 
Inry  aud  other  prickleN.  Dorsal  lin  usually  slightly  joined  rat  Imse;  pee- 
toTiils  reaching  to  or  slightly  beyond  front  of  aunl  liu;  vontrals  short, 
eqnultng  length  of  snout  and  eye,  extending  hixlfwiiy  to  front  of  anal; 
anus  anterior  in  poaitiou.  tluis  did'ering  from  O.  miteiilu»ui'  and  I',  aualh, 
tt«  distance  fmui  bane  of  ventr^ils  but  i  its  ili»tBuco  rr<im  front  of  anal 
tin ;  pores  of  lateral  linu  33,  each  of  the  anterior  15_usaa]ly  accompanied  by 
a  cirruA.    Fin  rays  ia  7  specimens  uio  us  fullowa; 


iSpinoiiKilomL 

SoddonaL 

Anal 

»«y« 

vn. 

VIIL 

IG. 

u. 

13. 

u. 

SpwlineM... 

a 

S 

S 

4 

S 

i 

Color  varying  with  the  surriMindings,  often  nearly  uniform  brightgreen. 
When  dark  markings  are  present,  we  usually  find  6  sliort  wedge-shaped 
dorsal  bars,  wideniug  rapidly  below,  and  joining  one  another  by  their 
extreme  tips;  below  these  »  dusky  wavy  lengtliwise  streak,  and  another 
widttr  one  below  liiterat  line,  the  hitter  niarked  posteriorly  by  rottnd 
white  spots,  the  siite  of  pupil;  ueoiput  dusky ;  u  blauk  bar  fnim  eye  to 
snout;  1  from  eye  to  behind  maxillary;  1  from  eye  to  baae  of  preoperca* 


2016  BuUetin  <f.j,  United  States  National  Museum. 


lar  Npino;  tli<>  int4;rriil  botwe<>n  tlioaoanbocularbaraiuay  be  silvery  white; 
8]>iiiouB  (lorsiil  oftcu  showing  2  <1nrk  bars,  as  in  B.  glohicep$;  vontrals 
plain;  fins  otherwise  fineiy  mottled  or  indistinctly  barred;  some  or  all  of 
these  dark  markings  sometimes  absent.  l*rince  William  Sound  (Arthur 
White  Oreeley)  to  Vanconver  Island.  Four  specimens,  the  largest  47  mm. 
long,  from  tide  pools  at  Unalaskn,  ure  the  types  of  the  species.  Three 
additional  specimens  were  taken  in  Departure  Bay,  Vanconver  Island. 
((jilbert.)    (<um(it«,  sharp;  -eeps,  head.) 

fHigiKoUii*  aeutieepi,  Gilbrbt,  Rcpt.  V.  S.  Kish  Coinni.  1803  <lg9e),  432,  Unmlaska    (CoU. 
AWalrott). 

eSM.  OXTCOTTrs  EXBRVrX  (Jordan  &  StarkM). 

Head4;  depth  4^.  D.IX,  15;  A.  10;  orbit4  in  he.id;  snont4;  maxillarj- 
2^;  highest  dorsal  spine  2^;  dorsal  ray  If;  anal  r»y  1};  length  of  onndal 
fin  1§;  veutrals  1^;  pectorals  2^  in  body.  Body  elongate,  compressed, 
back  slightly  elevated,  deepest  under  Hpinons  dorsal;  caudal  pednucle 
moderatuly  slender.  Kkiu  without  scales  or  ]>rickles;  head  small,  taper- 
ing rapidly  forward  to  the  rather  sharp  snout  as  viewe<i  from  above ;  pro- 
file of  head  straight  below,  acutely  and  evenly  rounded  above ;  mouth 
terminal  and  hori/ontal;  maxillary  n-achiug  to  th<^  vertical  from  the 
middle  of  pupil;  lower  jaw  inelnded;  teeth  on  jaws,  vomer,  and  palatines 
in  narrow  villiform  bands;  process  of  ]>reuiaxillary  proniiuent,  extending 
slightly  above  nasal  spines,  giving  the  ap]>earan<e  of  3  spines  »bovo 
snont;  eye  set  high  in  head,  the  orbit  as  long  as  snout;  preopercular 
spine  short,  blunt,  and  triangular,  entirely  covered  with  the  skin,  edge  of 
preopercle  below,  entire;  opercle  ending  in  a  short  iiap;  top  of  head 
with  2  rows  of  "mossy"  cirri,  running  from  the  superior  orbit-al  margin, 
curving  over  head  and  continuing  on  lateral  lino,  they  disappear  on  its 
anterior  third.  Dorsal  »)>ino  rather  stout,  the  tin  low^er  than  soft  dorsal, 
rounded  in  outline;  soft  dorsal  wi^ll  separated  from  spinous,  the  front  of 
fin  the  highest;  pectorals  loufj,  the  eighth  ray  the  longest,  giving  the  fin 
a  point  behind  which  reaches  to  the  haseof  abont  the  seventh  dorsal  ray; 
the  same  rays  below  the  eighth  swollen  and  posteriorly  free  from  the 
membrane;  anal  about  as  high  as  soft  dorsal,  the  rays  somewhat  swollen 
and  more  or  less  free;  ventrals  long,  reaching  about  to  front  of  anal,  their 
insertion  behind  base  of  pectoral  a  distance  e(|ual  to  the  snout  and  eye; 
caudal  flu  slightly  rounded,  (,'olor  variable  ft'om  light  green  to  a  rich 
maroon;  traces  of  5  or  6  dark  crossbars  on  back;  lower  parts  dnsky  with 
small  light  spots;  belly  white;  a  dark  l>ar  from  eye  to  side  of  suout,  1 
fr»>ni  eye  to  edgi-  of  preopercle  behind  end  of  maxillary,  and  another  from 
eye  to  below  preopercular  spine;  lips  l>lack;  lower  rays  of  pectorals 
crossed  with  black  an<l  white  bars  which  fade  out  above;  veutrals  light 
with  some  dnsky  niottlings;  dorsal  dark  riliovc.  light  at  base,  no  mark- 
ings; anal  with  black  and  white  bars  running  across  the  rays,  caudal  fin 
mottled.  lu  this  species  the  preopercular  spine  is  very  short,  sharp, 
turned  upward,  and  covered  by  skin.  It  has  a  more  acute  snont  than  /{. 
fllohicrjis,  mouth  with  a  lateral  deft,  body  more  compressed,  and  the  pr«!- 
niaxillary  process  extending  above  nasal  s]>ines.     Puget  Sound  to  Mon- 


tney,  scixrce;  2  speoiim-ns  collcctMl  in  the  tidi'  jfOoI»  left  in  the  aaiul  mi 
a  lieach  m-ar  'Si'nh.  liay ,  (he  largest  2}  iixhi'f*  in  Icugth.  A  third  B^uu-iiiien, 
•larker  in  ciilnr,  (jbtaiued  at  Point  Lolnis,  Carini'lo  Hay,  Jienr  Monterey,  by 
Mr.  Jolm  O.  Siiyilcr.     (iv,  in;  fifivuv,  tit-a  iiiotw.) 

OiigveottHt  eiitbryum,  JOBDAV  &.  Starks,  Ptoi.  C»L  Ac.  SoL  1S95,  808,  pi.  82,  Neah  Bay, 
W«»hineton.    (Typw,  N...  3l2H  L.  S.Ir.  fulv.  Mun.    CilI.E.  C.SUrlui.) 

747-  BLENNICOTTUS,  OtU. 

JlUnnUoUtu,  GILL,  Proa  Ac.  Nat-  5*1.  Phil*.  IWVl,  lOft  (gM>i«rp*). 

Thin  ueniiM  is  v«ry  ctiiso  t<i  Olitinrottuf,  rlitVerinj;;  in  tho  form  of  its  pn»- 
o|»MTnliir  spini',  wbich  iitithtirt,  lilutit,  and  simple.  Hi^ucl  short  mid  Idiint, 
tbf  nleft  of  th<i  uioiith  lurgfly  or  wholly  anterior.  L;i«t  gill  slit  oltsolot*'. 
North  j'uciflc.     {lilenniui;  Cuitim.) 

a.  Hivid  nearly  gliilmlar,  very  Muut;  that  «Utri  uf  umiitb  not  extomliD;;  an  ilx  »Uh>: 

IircopiTcutiu-  HVinr  wiih  a  itbort  point  -,  vsntraU  1^  Ui  li  in  heoA  -.  U.  IX,  \C.  A.  U. 

^.  Hiwl  wi til  rHther  Tuw  cirri.  olobioepa,  23K5. 

till.  Hi'flii  wltli  vory  iiiAny  oirri.  v»r.  UHroDUS,  2J85a. 

2SSfi.  BLE>MI<'0TTI;H  GLOBUEPS  (Girardl. 

HoailSl;  depth  i].     D.  IX,  16;  A.  11;  V.  I,,^.     Hody  little  compresseil ; 

heail  oxtronii'ly  short  anil  blunt,  tuirroweil  aUove.  nearly  every  whi-re  con- 
vex. Motitl)  utiterior,  ithort  .inil  linmd,  almcmt  wi  lliutit  hitvral  cleft ;  lower 
jaw  r<horte4<t;  maxillary  reaching  past  front  of  thoainall  eyo;  interorbital 
spare  very  tiurruw,  grooved,  almut  i  width  of  eye;  proopercular  spine 
with  asinfrln  jioint  tiinied  npwanl;  top  of  head  with  2  series  of  rirri ;  none 
on  sideH  of  head,  exrtjpt  n  few  ou  upper  part  of  operole;  a  series  of  cirri 
along  anterior  half  of  lattnai  line;  skin  without  HcalcN  or  pricklen;  pec- 
tornia  reaching  beyond  fr<mt  of  ana).  Dark  olive,  with  oliseiire  darker 
eroati  bars;  lirst  dorsal  with  2  dark  streaks  above;  lina  generally  burred 
with  groeniah,  orangu.  or  blue;  cirri  niotitly  black.  Lenj^th  3  to  4  inches. 
Pacific  Coast,  from  Kadiiik  to  San  Diei^o;  the  typical  form  from  >Sau  Die^o 
northward  to  Oregon  ;  in  rock  poolA,  rather  rare,  more  common  southward. 
(yM'ux,  ^lobe ;  -eepn,  head. ) 

Oliijocoltu*  rjlobietpi.  GiBARn,  U.  S.  Poc.  R.  B.  Sorr..  Finb.,  58,  18.W,  South  Parallonn. 

(Coll.  Lieut. Trowbridge.    Type,  No.  3>X),  U.  S.  Mat.  M lu.) ;  Joruak  Sl  Uujiebt,  i)yiH>p> 

His,  718, 188H. 
Cfnlridfniiifhlhj/M  globusepi.  fiCTmCR,  C»t.,  n.  171, 18«0. 
BUiiniccltux  gl<ibice]>t,  JoBUAM  A;  Stark.  Proi'.  Cal.  Ap.  Sci.  1896, 808. 

Reprouont<>d  iu  Fiiget  Sound  and  northward  to  Kadisk  by 

33M.'>-.  KliEBfXK'OTTI'S  (iLOBII'KPM  BRYOSrM,  .Tordaii  ,X  Starka. 

Northern  speciiucuit  are  larger  iu  size,  4  to  6  inrbes,  with  paler  and  more 
variej^ated  coloration  and  red  CDarkinffs;  the  pri'Opercular»pinu  isstrouger 
and  slightly  hiiol«-d  upward,  and  tho  opt-rrle  has  many  ciiorc  cirri  above 
than  in  the  southern  form.  These  dlll'frunuoH  are  very  slight  ami  perhaps 
unworthy  of  notice,     di/jvoy,  sea  moss,  from  the  cirrous  head.) 

llleiinuioUuii  yUibief III  biyotv*.  Jordan  &:  STAItxa,  Proa  Cal.  Ac.  Snl.  18U6,  808,  Point  Or- 
cliard,  Seattle.    (CuU.  K.  (J.  Starka.) 


2018  Bulletin  ^7,  UuHid  States  National  Museum. 


748.  HISTIOCOTTUS,  Gill. 

fftepwi.  Lata  BKyxsiT,  Bt-ecliey  •  Vu^.,  7mo\.,  Kisb., &tt.  1830 (MloJnu) ;  name preoccopM. 
Bi>H.,co(luM,  Giix,  Troc.  V.  8.  Nikt.  Miik.  1888,  S73  iMIxtiM), 

Thi»  genus  is  very  close  to  /</cp»i/i«,  from  wbifh  it  difTers  iii  tbe  absence 
of  smooth  iireaa  on  the  body;  thu  tins  aru  lower,  ihu  lioraul  not  emurgl- 
natc,  and  the  pectoral  mncb  lurgi-r,  p«rli:tpa  c:ipHbI«  of  being  uaed  for 
lligbt.     Niirth  I'su-ific.     (/tfrioi-,  sail;  Cottun.) 

■JJlsn.  IIISTMM'nTTrS  BILOBDS  (Cnvior  k  VKlonciennea). 

D.  IX,  31 ;  A.  18;  P.  \G.  liody  sborter  and  deeper  thiin  ia  lUepaiat  tnrrh*- 
fNi,  witb  thii-ker  caudal  pudtinde  iind  heavier  head,  the  bunes  leas  firm; 
snout  Bhort.  olitiiRo,  inttTnrbilul  apncc  vi>ry  wide,  concavn,  \  wider  than 
the  NUiuIl  eye;  short  nLM-ipital  riil(;c8  present,  besides  (M'veral  blmitish 
tiibMrclea.  Mouth  broiul,  oblique,  the  maxillary  ri^nching  pupil;  tcetb 
Htitall,  dintant;  iKitlmli)  n»  in  riir^'ut.  Head  and  bo4ly  covei«<l  with 
]irirkk-t<,  hir^iT  and  blunter  than  in  ntTkntut;  no  naked  patches  ou  body; 
fiU8  less  di'Vi'lopt-fl  than  in  oirrhonus;  lirst  o  or  6  spines  of  dorsal  MiilK-nn*!, 
thii  liutt  3  iiliniptly  nborter;  pectorala  longer  and  uiueh  broader  than  in 
firrkimus.  reaching;  sevt'Btb  anal  ray;  caudal  short,  much  shorter  tfaaji 
ln'ad.  Olivaceous,  pab^r  liolow;  dorsal  rei^ion  with  4  or  5  block  bars, 
reiii-hing  |  tbe  diMtuiice  In  the  latvriil  line,  and  souiuwbnt  ooutiniied  on  the 
tiuH;  caudal  with  a  black  bur  :tt  haae,  utherwiMe  plain  ;  poctorab)  and  anal 
blotrhed  with  black.  Coast  of  Ahisku  and  Kamchatka,  not  very  common; 
tht^spocimeo  here  described  fr<HU  Kadiuk.     ^bilobiii,  twinlobed.) 

Bkpnn4  InlobM,  CmiKB  Si  VALBNriBXKBs,  Hint  JfM.  VoiM.,  IV,  S79,  1830,  Kamchatka 
<UoU.  M.  CoU6c,  Drit-  Mtui.> ;  QOmthsji, Cat-.,  li,  IJS,  li^O;  Johdam  it  Gilbsbt,  SJmn^ 
nil,  720, 188:1. 

Peroput  bilobtu,  BKMNBn,  BeecLey't  Voy.,  Zool.,  FUb.,  &e,  1839. 

749.  BLEPSIAS,  Cnvicr, 

BUptiat.  Crviicn,  R*imo  Animal,  Kd.  2, 1829  (nrrhonu). 

Hi'.-ul  nnd  lioily  rompressed;  skin  hispid  witb  stifflah  villiform  pricklea, 
and  with  definitely  naked  arfa.s:  snout  and  chin  with  8<.'veral  rather  long 
barbels;  month  Minall;  teeth  villifonn,  on  jaws,  vomer,  and  palatines; 
])ri'opercle  with  2  short  bhiut  spines;  gill  membranes  free  ftoni  the  isth- 
iumm;  (jilU  I,  a  slit  behind  the  fourth;  tO[Mif  head  with  bony  ridges;  «nl>- 
nrbital  nUiy  narrow;  lirst  dorsal  short,  elevated  in  front,  emargiaate,  the 
spines  sli-uder;  second  dorsal  lar^^o;  annl* similar,  lowi-r;  ventr ale  very 
short,  I,  S;  p<'ct4iials  loii^.  North  Pacific.  (An  old  name  of  some  fish; 
trom  fSA^xoj,  look.) 

ass;.  ni.KP«iiis  nRRHosrsd'niiAs). 

nead  3J;  dt'ptli  3J.  1».  V-ni,23;  A.  20;  P.  12;  «c»le«  50.  Snpr»ot'uIar 
riders  well  devilupwl;  intcrorbital  space  concave,  with  2  low  ridge« 
ext-eiidinK  backward  fiora  nasal  spines,  diverj;ing  toward  occipital  ridges; 
Ihi;  latter  large,  partly  interrupted;  suborbital  stay  oouspiououa;  t«iiip»- 


ml  ridiii'  iireHcnt;  niiixillary  ie»ohin«  to  licyou"!  inidille  of  pupil;  moat 
with  5  Iturbttls,  rlitn  with  (i,  tbo  lontreMt  ulwiiit  an  loiii;  oh  the  ey(^,  whicJi 
is  !ij[  iu  l)(ii>il;  a  siiiall  (.tirrnx  iin  each  iiit<<riii'liir:il  riil{;t<-,  iiitvittrbitui  ^paco 
08  wiili'  ni*  <~'.ve;  Hides  with  '^  or  t  jiale,  wdl-iloliiieil,  united  iii'<?uh  beliiiid 
pecttii-ain,  the  2  iiuterior  iiiiicb  thu  lai'^rMt;  behind  tberus  u  long  umUmI 
ftti'ip  nlou^  the  hiterul  lino,  col(>i'«d  liko  thi'  rest  of  the  body :  HrHt  4  opinoH 
uf  dorsal  ebtviit«d,  |  to  K  length  of  beitd  ;  thi-  llftb  niiirh -^hort«aiMl;  tiifiii- 
brikne  drvply  notched  t>etwe«n  the  fifth  fpiiie  nnd  the  xixth,  which  is 
louijur  thiiii  the  one  1)eforn  it;  vcutrnU  us  long  an  eye;  p«<-toralB  reurhing 
luiich  beyond  front  of  itiinl;  first  rny^  of  ho  ft  dor><ul  nhort;  the  otbor« 
l^radn.-illy  len);tben■^d  ro  ueitr  the  butt,  the  highn-st  bighur  thun  th»  dorsul 
<»pineH;  ruinlfil  lonijer  thnu  h<>>nl,  I)iirk  oliva<'<'oiis,  Mides  of  back  with  4 
to  6  vfrticiilly  iddoiif;  td.-ick  blot.i'be'<  ed^od  with  paler,  not  rea<'hing 
ueurly  (o  lateral  line;  belly  and  n:ike<l  :iren«  on  sides  wbitisb;  black 
bandH  riMliutiii^  from  I'yeM;  fins  dark,  with  lar);e  palu  blotches  and  dark 
spots;  raudul  with  y<gl>t  nud  dark  bum;  ventralH  plain;  a  ku]:iII  wbite 
Hpot  nn  front  id'  RpinoiiK  dorNul,  Adnlt«  from  rmtlaiika  Nbow  the  follow- 
ing color:  fllive  green  of  varying  Khaden,  the  belly  bright  coppery  yellow, 
the  eroMH  Idotri'licM  on  back  nearly  bbick,  with  p.'iler  miirgiuH;  naked 
pat^dieH  on  Hidex  whit*  or  bia«sy,  tliiwc  on  tail  i'olore<l  like  body,  thoKe  on 
bead  Milvery;  lirxt  dorxil  liglit  olive,  with  2  IranHlueent  piiti-be«;  second 
dontiil  motthsl  olive  with  ilark  spotH  and  tranHlucent  putrlieA;  raudul 
with  3  blueki»h  and  4  translncent  b;indH;  anal  yellowish  olive  with 
unmeroUH  8po(»  »utl  tranHlucent  pateheit;  radiating  bluekiHb  handH  riin- 
ntng  out  from  eye;  tlie  upper  barb<dK  black,  the  lower  idive,  Kenjrth  6 
inehe«).  Aliiaka  to  San  Kruncisoo,  in  shallow  wii.t«r;  not  rare  northward; 
c<irumon  at  I'nulaika;  known  alxo  from  Cetropaulxki  nnd  Iturnp  iHlaad; 
not  often  Hoen  Miuth  of  Pu>ret  Sonud.     (drrhotut.  bearing  cirri.) 

lyaehinut  eirrhatiu,  Pallas. '/.imgr.  KoH«.'AKi»t..  ni, 237,  tSll,  Avatcba  Bay,  Kamchatlca 

(Cull.  Merk>:  Oulf  of  Penshin.  Ochouk  S«a. 
Jfn<7>naj  (riiobiu. CirviEB  k  VAl.K»aKNXK»,  Hint.  NkL  Poioa.. IV,  HTS.  18:20;  ouiie  type*. 
Jltfi>*>at  Hrrhotiu,  GOntukk.  I :«.).,  ti.  is:i.  18tfUi  Stecndacuxu.  Ichth.  Belt.,  v,  13»,  18T«; 

JoMttAH  it  OlUISBT,  S.vs»|iHi«.  719,  1883. 

750.  NAUTISCUS,  Jordan  A  Evennann,  new  genus, 

Htmtitnu,  Joat>iU«  &  Evkkhaioi,  miw  ^iiiiii  [jiribiloriiut- 

This  K'eniiK  is  closely  allied  to  Xnutichlhyn,  having  the  same  jjlll  striic- 
tnres  und  dentition,  but  the  first  dorsal  is  only  moderately  elevated,  its 
height  being  Ie!U)  than  ileptli  of  hotly.  There  are  no  cirri  on  the  lieatl, 
and  there  is  no  marked  deproMMion  at  the  occiput,  the  hiMO  of  the  don-ul 
being  little  raim-d  above  tile  nape;  preo|)erole  witb  four  obsolete  spine»: 
skin  rougher  than  in  Mauiichthiia,  the  aual  fln  shorter,  lieriug  Sea. 
(a  <litninutive  of  <',ieT>);,  a  ship,  from  the  low  lirat  dorsal.) 

SttH.  XJtHTISCCM   PUBII.OTII-K,  Junlaa  i^  GlllHTt.  new  .|H<.-tiM<. 

l>i(Tering  from  .V.  iiculu/iucMlH*  in  the  shorter  lower  fins,  the  lower  cm- 
Dial  ridges,  luid  the  coloration.  Head  3  to3|;  depth  39.  1).  VHI.'J.M;  A. 
15;  V.1,3;  P.15;  eye3^iuhe»d;  miixillary  3f ;  lateral  line  witb  39 spiuea. 


2020  Bnlletin  ij,  Unikd  States  Nathmxl  Muieum. 


Bliiipc  (»f  heuil  anil  lioily  luucli  ^k  in  .V.  Qniln/anrlnttiii;  Iie:ul  nhort,  llir  snout 
rnther  Hlinrp,  tht^  antfrior  profile  steep;  iijihiiI  spineu  j>romiTH'nt,  a  »L<irt 
ocoiilur  rirrtis,  miirli  fiiiiullcr  thiin  in  A'.  oculoftui'ialHn,  shorter  than  pn|Ml; 
inNrnhit:tl  sp!»i'«>  iiiirrow.  iibout  ^  ey,  ^Iceply  foncHvc;  n  liliuit  tri:iii{Kiil»r 
ri<l;;i«  almve  i-iich  orbit,  with  a  d«?cp  iTosti  furrow  b<-faiiitl  it  -whifli  d<'«'pe«i» 
to»]iit  iif.  tlu-  vertex;  niichiil  riiljjrK  lower  tbiiu  in  .V.  oculo/iutciatttt,  cnch 
witli  Ik  I'MiirHi-  tiiliei'i'li',  liiwrr  itnil  l.trger  than  iu  thr  otiior  Kpiu-jeN.  From 
th)'  inu'Uiil  (teprcAHJiin,  tlir  httt^e  of  firt^t  liorsal  §pine«  rist-a  much  lees 
ftliriiptiy.  PrciipiTi'Ie  with  1  blunt  promiueni-eA,  th**  iippiT  nfien  ]onjE!«r 
nnil  mora  Hpini'-liko.  Month  nrsirly  horizontal,  the  low)<r  jitw  inrludcil; 
H  rtloDilcr  filrtiitt'itt  at  unil  of  uiaxillary;  teeth  Btnall,  a  ftjw  on  vomer  and  a 
narrow  band  on  palatinoB.  Gill  nienibrunes  bro.-idly  iinite«l  to  istbtuim. 
tiic  Rill  iipeivin;;  extending-  n  littlo  b«'low  the  lower  edge  of  prttonl. 
KUin  covered  with  close-set  villoiia  prickles,  anions  which  lurge  onrs  are 
freipiently  seen  arrnnj^ed  in  rather  definite  longitmlinal  stTir's.  of  wbicli 
there  may  be  2  or  3  ]>iiralle1  with  the  buck,  and  1  runniDK  near  luvrcr  line 
of  tiiil.  NoMniiiiith  areaH  on  sidex.  Lateral  line  conspieuonx,  tho  pUti* 
with  short  spines  ilirecte<l  backward.  Dormil*.  »<eparate,  the  Hr«t.  not 
nolc'Ucd,  eomparatively  low,  the  lirst  spine  higheNt.  1|  in  head  in  ty7K>;  in 
oilier  HpeciuieiiH  1^  to  I^  in  liL>>id;  soft  dorstal  undikiial  al^o  low,  iioui<  of  the 
rays  reuohiti^  bawe  of  ciiuilal  when  depressed;  pectoral  longer  th»n  \it^; 
ventnilN  lA  tu  2  in  bead.  Color,  dnil  light  olivaceous,  mottled  with  darkrr; 
3  or  1  diii'k  b:ind8  below  Hoft  doraal,  1  below  BpiiiouM  dontiil ;  u  black  band 
through  eyes  and  »erot««  cheeks,  extending  onto  liranchioAtrgiil  tti(>tnbmnn«; 
7  dtusky  spotH  :iking  btteral  line,  a  eotisplenoua  pink  blotch,  nithi-r  I*rg#i 
thiin  pupil,  between  lirst  and  SM'Cond  Idoteli;  first  dorstil  dusky;  M>ri)P>l 
dorsiil.  iiiimI.  and  pectoral  dotted  and  checked;  candiil  with  fuirit  fiurlj 
cheeked  er<is>i  lines  which  deepen  to  form  a  d.irk  bar  at  iLt  liii«e  niid  « 
broader  one  toward  its  tip;  veutrala  pale;  belly  mottled.  Keritig  8«» 
()ne  specimen,  Hi'ui.  long,  from  Alhnlratii  .'^lotion  'MiiSii,  off  St.  George  Nliiiii]. 
in  L'3  fiitlKim.s.  Another  specimen  bnrely  iin  inch  long  wa«  drrtlgfd  in  7 
fiithniiLx  in  the  hjitlior  of  Uniihtskju  Very  nnitierouH  sp^ciroeus  we»r 
obtitiiii-d  by  the  Alhiitronx  in  1800  in  Brist'Ol  Bay  and  liouth  of  the  Al:K>kan 
Peni»i»iila.  It  was  at  thiit  time  incorrectly  idenliticd  by  I>r.  Gilbert  with 
jV,  oriitofaiciutii*.  In  '>  siweiiuens  tif  those  from  Bristol  Bjiy  the  dumtl  con- 
tyins  VIII  or  IX,  23  or  24  rays,  the  anal  16  or  17,  the  pectoral  15  or  16. 
(prihihriiit,  fruiii  the  I'ribilof  Islaiida,  named  for  their  discoverer,  0«r»*- 
Biui  riibjlof,  nsG.) 

XauUfhlhyi  oruif/ineMhu,  GILBERT,  Repl.  U. S.  Flail Comm.  IRWI (IBIKI),  iM:  naUtt  (itatao. 
A'aii/i«A/Avi  prUiiluviu*,  JoBOAIf  A.  GiLnEBT,  Flslica  DeriDg  Se«,  MS..  18IM,  off  St.  Ocutcc 
Ulaod,    (T.vi«,  No. 482U7, 1',  S. Xat.  Mm.    Coll.  Or.  J<ir<lui.) 

751.  NAUTICHTHYS,  Girard. 

yoWieAckyf,  Oibabd,  V.  S.  Pac.  R.  R.  Snrr.,  x.  Flahn,  74. 1«S8  <oe9iti/a$fi«tu^i. 

Body  rather  elougiite,  compresspd,  Iml  not  e]evat<>d,  the  akiti  evenly  rov- 
ered  with  Bhort,  close-set,  villiforiu  prickles.  Head  short,  strongly  eoni- 
presaed,  the  ubeeks  subverticol;  orbital  ring  miioh  elevated  above,  with 


Jordan  and  Evermann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     2031 


Mveral  tilnnt  protiib«rauci<ii  lipbiud;  iinpc  tnnrh  dcproHscd,  with  the  bM6 
of  tlio  <loraiiI  tin  rtHiD<;  nlirn)itt,v  al)ovc  it:  iiioiitb  Rmiitl;  tevtU  ua  jaws, 
vuini'i,  and  pulatiiica;  jiroopi'i'il)*  with  siniill,  bliiuti.sli  apiiics  nliuvo;  i;ill 
iueiiilii-ait«a  liroiully  iiiiit«d  to  tho  iiitbiiiiia:  ii  slit  beliiml  fourth  ^111;  bruu- 
cliioMtHgiil  6;  lirat  dormil  falcate,  the  Kpiiiea  very  tiexiblo,  thu  anterior 
much  «k'V)it(*d,  tunc b  Imi^i'-r  thau  htsul,  the  puaterior  rHjiidty  Hborl«upd; 
aecoiid  dutfiiil  long-  and  rivtbvr  luKl'i  »»al  tin  aiuiiJar  to  second  durHal,  but 
Hlioiler  and  lo\v<'r;  pectnrulM  ui<Hl«;rnte;  ventral^i  I,  '^,  wetl  developed, 
nearly  :u<  long  it»  bend.  Pucilir  Coii.st.  Small  tiKhex,  of  singiilur  appniir- 
ani-e.  ( t-aiVf/i,  suilor;  ijfiv'i.  Ash;  iu  allusiou  to  tbc  dttvvlopuient  of  the 
brst  doranl  tin. ) 

SItSU.  >AtTlCHTIiT!!l  OITLOFAftrUTtiS  (Ijimnl). 

Hcad3t:  depth  3t.  D.  IX,28;  A.  I'J;  P.  H;  V,  1,  3;  Bialt's  44.  Maxil- 
lary rttiiching  to  oppoeito  popil;  eye  yery  lafKe,  longer  thnu  snout;  naaut 
apiues  uou8|iicnou8,  curved;  luaxillury  and  edge  of  prcoporcic  with  iiiiuiitu 
cirri;  orbit  with  ii  branched  oirrua,  a»  long  an  pupil;  the  narrow  iiiter- 
iirbitiil  apace  deeply  cbutiutiled;  Hiipruoonlur  ridge  ])oateriurly  with  3  bhiot 
tnbercIeK;  2  couipresfted  tuborcb's  on  each  Hide  of  tirst  dorsal;  a  deep  pit 
ut  na]>e,  extoodiug  under  origin  of  first  doraal;  spinous  dorsal  aniooth; 
raya  of  Hoft  doraiil  ami  caudal  roughened  Avitb  prickb-a;  dorsal  npinoa 
nearly  twice  length  of  bead;  ventrala  \  leugtli  of  bead,  a  little  (shorter 
tbnn  caudal;  pectorulH  long,  (irayitih  above;  Hiden  with  dark  niarblinKS 
and  obHCure  dnaky  bauds;  a  very  conspienoita  black  bund  Ibrougli  eye  and 
iHjroBS  cheek;  first  dorsul  bbiekisb:  other  tins  barred  with  light  iiud  diirk; 
veutnitit  pl:i.in.  Length  ti  iucbes.  I'aeitic  Coast,  Kadl:ik  to  Sun  Francisco, 
cbielly  nnrtbwanl;  notrurein  I'nget  Sound;  a  most  singnlar-looking  tiah. 
(ooN^tM,  eye;  /««c»alM*,  banded.) 

HUfttias  oeul'ffateiatm,  GlMARP.  Proe,  .Ac.  Mat.  8ci.  Fbila.  U5T,  203,  Port  Steilacoom, 

Wanhineton-     <*-'"•*•  I*'-  •"••"•  S'ltklcy .    T.vjh!. Ko. 512.  V.S.  Niil.  Mun.) 
\aiitichlliiii  '•ciiloJtuciatin.lilK/iHD.V.S.Pati.H.  II.  Surv,,  K,  Fluli..  74,  la'iS;  CJONTIIKIuCkt., 
II.  iU'.  IMOi  STKI9I1IAI  ll.NKli,  Ivlilii.  neltr.,  V,  13U.  wllli  |<latit|  JoimiaN  &  UiLUKkt,  JSyn- 
<i|wiii.727.1IK)i  Joiu>A]c  &  Staekb,  Proo.  Col.  Ac.  Sci  IHItt. 910. 


752.  ULCA,  Jordan  ft-  Evenuann. 
rtcd,  JoltUAM  &.  EVEBJIAXX,  Prav.Cal.  A0.80I.  10M.  227  {marmornlut). 

The  geuu.>(  is  close  to  Ilnnilriptrrmi,  IVodi  which  It  ditfen  in  its  shorter 
Drat  dnrs;))  of  about  It  Mpinen,  the  tirst  4  of  which  are  n»t  difTi-reutijited, 
the  tin  therefore  not  emargiuate,  Aiiwiku.  (  t'Ikif,  the  DouiBb-Norwegluu 
uamo  for  all  ColtiiUr.) 

£300.  VlXk  NtRVaOlTA  (ni-Aii). 

Hea4l2i:  depth  3i.  D.  XIV,  12;  A.  13;  V.  I,  3;  lateral  line  1  tubes)  44. 
Eye  about  an  loUg  an  Huout  and  }  tu*  long  a^*  bead.  Pectorals  reaching  tu 
the  vertical  lhri»iigh  the  aual  oriifiu;  ventral  scarcely  longer  than  eye. 
Oill  uieiiibrnno  fre<'  froiu  isthmus.  Maxillary  reacbiii);  beyond  end  of  eye. 
First  dorsal  base  as  loug  uh  bead  without  snout,  the  llr«t  4  spines  Icn 


2022         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museiim. 


ek'Vitted  anrt  differentiated  than  in  flemifriptenu.  Sides  dark  jfray, 
iuteriuincled  with  whitish  reticulations.  Type  2f  inches  long.  North 
racilio  and  Berinj;  Sea,  in  deep  wat«r.  (Bean).  Dr.  Gilhert  notea 
also:  "Several  siuall  specimens  wore  secured  in  Bering  Sea,  to  the  north 
of  Wnalaska  Island,  depths  70  to  121  fathoms.  They  agree  with  the 
types  in  having  bnt  M  dorsal  spines,  the  first  4  of  which  are  not  noticeably 
differentiated.  The  second  dorsal  contains  11  or  12  rays,  and  the  anal  liu 
13.  The  last  2  rays  of  the  anal  fin  are  aii]>roximatt!d  at  base,  bnt  do  not 
evidently  eonstitnte  11  divided  ray."    (maiiHoratun,  marbled.) 

ITejnUriplenu  marmoratiis,  Uean,  Proc.  I'.  S.  Xat.  Muh.  1i<90,  43,  off  SitkaUdak  Island, 
at  Albatross  Station  1855  in  69  fathoms ;  Gilbkbt,  Krpt.  V.  S.  Fiah  Onam.  19U 
(1896),  410. 

/  Cotlut  viUotnt,  '  PAiJJkS,  Zo<>ct.  Rosn.-Aiiiat.,  in,  129,  1811,  Cape  of  Kromdc  and  mouth 
of  the  Itscha ;  after  Stellkb:  Ovvibb  &  Valenciennes.  Hist.  Xat  Poisa.,  it,  198, 1829. 


753.  HEMITRIPTERUS,  Cuvier. 

(Ska  Kavens.) 
nemilriptenui,  Cuvibb,  Ke^ne.  Anini.,  KU.  2,  vol.  2,  \m.  1839  (amfrieanut). 

Body  moderately  elongate,  scaleless,  but  the  skin  covered  with  prickles 
and  bony  protuberances  of  various  sizes  and  forum.  Head  large,  with 
numerous  bony  hnnijiH  and  ridges  and  fleshy  slips  above ;  orbital  rim  mncb 
elevated,  the  interorbital  space  deeply  concave;  a  depressed  area  at  the 
occiput,  behind  which  are  2  blunt  spines  on  each  side.  Mouth  very  wide; 
jaws,  vomer,  and  palatines  with  broad  bunds  of  teeth;  no  slit  1)ehind  last 
gill;  gill  inembrnnes  broadly  united,  free  from  isthmus;  preopercle  with 
stout,  blunt  spines;  suborbital  stay  very  strong,  forming  a  sharp  ridge. 
Spiuous  dorsal  much  longer  than  the  soft  i>art,  of  Hi  to  18  spiiu's,  of  which 
the  first  2  are  the  liigliest,  .inil  the  fourth  and  fifth  sbort«r  than  the  suc- 
ceeding ones,  the  iin  thus  deeply  i'niarginatc;  jiectoral  fins  very  broad, 
much  ])rocurrent;  veutrals  I,  S.  Large  lislies  of  singular  appearance,  in- 
habiting the  North  Atlantic  and  Pacilic.  Dr.  (Jill  makes  of  them  a  dis- 
tinct family  <m  account  of  the  Kreat  length  of  the  spinous  dorsal  and  the 
peculiar  development  of  the  niyodonic  The  genus  is,  however,  rclate<l 
to  JUrps'ia»  uud  yautirhlhiis,  and  the  spinous  dorsal  is  as  long  in  Jordania 
as  in  Hrmilripterii»,  while  the  two  geni-ra  st.-md  as  extremes  in  the  Cuttoid 
grouji.     (;)/// — ,  half ;   r/jc/c,  three;  7rr*/.»o;- liu.) 

a.  Doraal  upine  about  IB;  the  ujiimt  Burfiici"  of  lieatl  im«leratvly  uneven. 

A.MKBI0ANr8,  2391. 
<Ki.  Dorsal  »i)inu.s  IK:  top  of  licail  exccsHivcl.v  micvpn.  CAVIFRONS, 'J392. 


*  SonxMinkiiowii  JIbIi  aliiod  to  lira  innrinnrata  is  Cnltiis  rillnMiit,  I'allaA.  .Sine,  fonn.and 
dinicuHioim  of  OiiC(iaitlv«  •(nailrieurii't,  the  i-aiiic  iiiti'sliiii'H,  Imt  with  a  iliH»^ri>eul>le 
flinokr-likr odor.  ItH  skin  m  »ofi,  1<mi-i>.  .khihI  colonil.  i  ovenil  witli  viiloHttirs  like  a  callus 
toiijtnc.  On  the  Ialer.il  line  tlie»e  jiriikles  aie  >-tii>ii;;er  ami  S  of  a  line  to  a  line  in  dianie- 
t<'r.  Kiclit  Hoft  cntaneon-s  ilaps  eaili  :t  lines  Ion;;,  and  Intirl  or  trilid,  at  eiinal  intervals  on 
tlie  lower  Jaw:  belly  wliite.  liaek  varii-d  and  marked  wiili  liro«n.  Cap<-  of  Krouok  and 
niuuth  of  the  river ItDuhu.    Knowuoul.vlnminotesof  St<'ller.    (I'ullas).    (rWivfiu, liairy.l 


Jordan  and  Etxrmann. — Fishes  of  North  Ametica.     2023 


Ctai.  IIKXITRIPTEKrS  AlKBIt'AKVS  (r.mtlln). 

(Sba  I(ave.n.| 

Head  2f ;  dejitli  35-  D-  IV.  XII-I,  12;  A.  13;  HcaleH  40.  Hody  villtmB, 
the  prickleH  cular^cil  inul  tiilHTclc-likti  alonj;  biu-k  aiul  lateral  lino;  iiiisal 
Bpinea  strong;  Hiipniociilitr  ridgt^  iiiiioli  4<!t;Mil(iil,  with  ileriiia)  KapH  and  2 
Wunt  Bfiiiitw;  3  piiirs  uf  lit»b_v  siiiis  ou  ii:is:il  1>iidl>m,  Bn<l  2  cm  sii])riiciciilar 
ridges;  MUiallcr  i-iiTi  ou  maxiliiiry,  uu  preurl)iul,  and  sovituI  on  lowi-r 
jaw;  intiTociiliir  space  very  deejily  conciive;  2  blunt  nrcipital  spiiieii  on 
faob  side,  outside  of  which  sire  2  or  3  utliers;  a|verc]o  tmiull,  with  a  bony 
rid)(e;  preoiwrc.lo  with  '1  blunt  spines,  below  which  ari<  1  or  '2  others; 
lower  jaw  alijihtly  projecting ;  ninxilbiry  reaching  beyond  eye,  about  J 
bead;  pvcUirulH  nearly  rt-acliint;  anal;  liighcdt  ilofNal  H|ijiie  lij  in  length 
of  head,  as  .long  im  ('undul:  vpntral»  i-pachiug  haltVny  to  anal.  Keddish 
brown,  ntarbled  with  darker  brown,  and  iniirh  vartegat<Ml ;  yelluwish 
below;  fins  variegated  with  light  aiid  d:irk.  Length  K  inches.  Atlantic 
(■ou.Ht  of  America,  cbictly  northwanl,  IVoiu  New  York  to  Labrador,  not  rare, 
cooinion  at  Woods  Hole  iu  (>cttd>er  and  Novniiiber;  a  most  reuiarkwhle 
looking  tluh. 

Seorjiirna  (imm'cana.UMKUN,  S.vat.Hnt.,  1220.  1788,   a(Wr   "Illubli>  od   Rmiisnil  rlo  Mcr 

d'Amrrique  '  of  ilii  Hunicl  (lu  Mnuuean.  IV'cbe.  ni,  'i,  Vi. 
CalttiJi  aradian.  Pexkavt,  Arctic  Zool.,  ni.  3/1,  Nova  Scotia. 
Coitus  ncailinn.  Walbaum.  ArtKili  I'iiio.,  302.  I79J,  Nova  Scotia ;   Newfouodland. 
Cottuf  hU]iid\u.  Dlocu  &  ScHNKiriKB,  Sysl.  Iclith.,  83, 1801,  New  York. 
Vattu*  triintrntrin;  Uux;u  A:  Scukkioeu,  Sy«t. Iclith.. Ki.imil,  Nova  Scotia;  afl«r  VKK- 

NAST. 
ifrnii/niifrruiotiuriotrnu*,  Ct7VliEn&.  VALENCIBNimfi,  Ui«t,Xat.  Poiaa.,  rv,  208,  IffiS;  UOK- 

TilER.  Cut.,  II.  143, 1800;  JuKDAN  j;:  UimsiiT,  Syaopnta,  fiX.'i,  I8S3. 
Hnnilriplmit  ncadiunwi,  Stobick,  Hial.  Fisli.  Miwit.,  35,  1BA7. 

»8«S.  HKMITIIII'TKKVS  4 AV1>'R0.>K,  Luoklogton. 

D.  IV,  XIV,  13;  A.  U;  P.  I'O;  V.  1,3;  acalM  44.  Very  similar  to  n,-mi- 
Iriplrnin  amrricanua,  but  with  the  nppi'r  wnrfai-e  uf  the  head  more  uneven, 
tliBi'oiKiivity  uf  the  intc roc n):ir  area  more  marked,  and  the  dorsal  tin  with 
more  Hjdues.  Head  eiinuling  de|itb,  abont  3J  in  Udal  length  with  caudal. 
Length  1(>  inches.  CoiUit  of  Alaska,  not  coiniouu;  perhu[>a  nut  diatinut 
from  the  preceding.    (oariM,  concave;  front,  forehead.) 

Hemilriiilenu  rari/roiii,  Lo<.'IU.mit<i.n,  True.  Ac.  NiiLSui.  i'lilU.  1880,  233,  Kadiak  Island, 
Alaska.     (Coll.  W.J.  FUlicr.) 

754.  SYNCKIRUS,  Houn. 

S^nehiru*,  Bran,  Prov-.  U.  6.  Nat.  Mns.,  xn,  1889,  Ml  (fftaii- 

Body  slender  and  niOiterat<ily  i-lougatc,  rcseuibliug  that  of  Trii/lojNi; 
covered  with  thin,  toiigli  skin.  Lateral  lino  armed  with  H]>iuy  tiibercleA, 
Kpiiiy  .■ii'Ekles  in  a  Noiiea  along  Ihc  dorsal  baxc.  licail  siibconical,  with 
moderately  pointed  Mntitit.  Month  .Hiuall,  very  slightly  oblitjiie;  the  rtimi 
iif  the    uiundible  a   little   conc-Bve  beu«5ath.     Preuiaxillarlea  protraclilo; 


d 


2024         Bulletin  4.7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


Jaws  with  slender,  Tilliforra  teeth,  in  bands;  toetli  tin  vomer  and  pala- 
tines. Pseudobranchite  present.  Gills  3^,  no  Hlit  behind  the  last;  gill 
opeoiiiKB  wido,  extending  above  the  median  line,  tho  inerabrane  free  from 
thu  isthmus.  Suborbital  connected  by  a  bony  stay  with  the  preoperole, 
which  bears  a  strong  bitid  spinit  at  its  angle.  Pectorals  complet«ly 
united  around  the  breast,  the  membranes  free  at  the  margin.  Ventrals 
distant  from  the  gill  oi>ening,  the  pnbic  bones  being  remarkably  long, 
the  fins  diverging  widely,  and  consisting  of  a  rudimentary  spine  and  3 
rays.  Dorsal  long,  the  spiaous  portiou  low,  with  slender  spines,  and  the 
soft  portion  twice  as  long  as  the  spinous.  Anal  long,  ('andal  mo<lerately 
elongate,  its  middle  rays  somewhat  prodnced.  Genital  papilla  of  male 
received  in  a  pit  in  front  of  anal.    Pacific.    (<$uv,  together;  x^ipt  hand.) 

Sites.  STXCHIRUS  flILLI,  Bean. 

Head  3*;  depth  5* ;  Br.  6;  1).  VIII  to  IX,  19  to  21;  A.  20;  V.  I,  3;  P.  22. 
Eye  about  as  long  as  snout,  4  in  head.  Maxillary  extending  to  about 
below  middle  of  eye.  The  iuterorbital  space  not  quite  <>(|ual  to  length  of 
eye;  a  pair  of  strong  nasal  spines;  ]>reop«rcIe  with  a  short  and  very  sharp 
bifid  spine ;  lateral  lino  with  about  41  spiny  tubercles,  and  most  of  the 
specimens  have  a  single  series  of  spiny  scales  along  the  dorsal  base; 
pectorals  nearly  as  long  as  the  head,  and  extending  to  about  below  the 
fourth  ray  of  the  soft  dorsal ;  ventrals  nearly  under  the  middle  of  the 
pectorals,  their  length  varying  gr<>atly;  in  some  8]>ecimen8  scarcely  \  as 
long  as  the  head ;  in  others  as  long  as  postorbital  part  of  head.  In  some 
males  the  anal  papilla  is  |  as  long  as  the  ventral  tin  of  the  same  individual. 
This  papilla  can  be  recreived  into  a  pit  in  trout  of  the  anal  fin.  Spinous 
dorsal  beginning  over  axil  of  pectoral,  length  of  its  base  a  little  greater 
than  postorbital  part  of  head;  none  of  itH  spines  much  longer  than  eye; 
distance  of  anal  origin  from  head  about  a  leujitb  of  head.  Kays  of  soft 
doi°sal  and  anal  not  nini'li  longtu-  than  doi'Hal  spini-H.  Caudal  about  { 
iis  long  as  hea<l,  its  middle  luys  somewhat  the  longest.  Color  in  spirits 
pale  yellowish  brown;  the  sides  showing  traces  of  several  small,  jiale 
blotches,  audtliec.Hudaland  pectoral  with  a  few  very  mnall  dark  blotches, 
those  on  th(^  caudal  forming  interru]ited  bands;  across  the  back  are  faint 
indications  of  about  5  pale  cross  b.auds.  Length  2  inches.  Barclay 
Sound,  British  Columbia.  (The  species  is  dedicated  to  Dr.  Theodore  Gill, 
in  a]>preciatiou  of  his  researches  upon  the  mail-cheeked  fishes.) 

Synchintt  yilli.  Bean,  I'roc.  V.  S.  Nat.  >[u8.,  xii,  18WI,  042,  Barclay  Sound,  British  Co- 
lumbia.    (Type,  No.  41820.    Col\.  Albalroit.) 

755.  ASCELICHTHVS,  .Ionian  &  (Jilbert. 

AtcfUehthyt.  .Jordan  vV  Ciuskbt,  rroo.U.  S.  NhLMiis.  18Sii.2«4  (r/i<i<foruf). 

Body  ])lump,  fusiform,  tapering  backward,  covered  with  loose  smooth 
skiu;  head  broad,  depressi-d,  its  upper  surface  evenly  and  weakly  convex; 
u  hooked  preopercular  spine ;  no  nasal  spines ;  a  supraorbital  cirrus ;  teeth 
on  .jaws,  vomer,  and  palatines;  no  slir  bi'hind fourth  gill;  gill  membranes 
broadly  united,  free  from  the  ibthiuus;  spinous  dorsal  low;  the  spines 


Jordan  and  Evennann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2025 


alender,  almost  concealed  in  the  inciiibrnne;  pfc-toralu  broiwl ;  vciitrnl  tlus 
waiititig.  iimal]  lisbBH  of  i\ia  rock  pools  of  the  Koitli  I'acilic.  (li-,  priva- 
tive;  6xiXoi,  leg;  ix^^h  tlab.) 

SS94.  ISCKLM'HTIIYN  RHODORdS,  Jordui  U  OUbert. 

Head  3;  depth  5.  1).  IX,ia;  A.  15;  P.  IG.  Head  low-,  ronnrted  anteriorly; 
iiinxilliiry  rwit^liing  to  poHterinr  border  of  eye.  No  Bc-uks,  pricklen,  or  bar- 
bela  aaywlieri',  escopt  a  fringed  i-irroa  over  the  oyo;  ]ireip[ioicIe  with  a 
short,  simple,  stionj^ly  bookud  spina;  spiueu  directed  downward  «nd  for- 
ward oil  aiil>ii]nTL'le.  and  inturnperi'U';  lateral  lint*  contiunoiis.  Doronl  fiua 
i.-oiiiu'cted  Uy  uienibraiip,  the  liitines  low,  weak,  nearly  uniform;  soft  dor- 
sal ut<»rly  twiiro  as  high  as  8|iin<)ti>>;  pertiinils  uliunt  reacliiug  vent.  Dark 
iilivaruuiiii,  aouii'time.'*  with  H:id<ilLt-like  pnlu  blotchcH;  lijift  roay ;  spinona 
duraui  dnxky,  vdgwl  in  iift>  with  bright  crinmoii;  otb<T  itiiB  dusky,  <-di;ed 
with  pitliT,  tbt>  pectoral  slightly  ii:irre<l.  I-eii^'tb  l."i  ituhes.  I'licifiu  Cija«l, 
.Sitkato  Capi-  Mendocino;  vory  aliuuduiit  fiuion);  rocka  het  wocn  tide  iiiarka 
at  Neivh  Kay,  the  otdy  locality  when*  tuiinbers  of  spcciiiienH  have  been 
found,  one  of  th(!  most  ri.-ujurkubto  of  the  CoUkUv.  (fiddijy,  rose;  opos, 
uiarglii.) 

Aacfb^Mhiia  rhndanit,  JouDAN  &  GILBERT,  PfOft.  U.  S.  Nut.  Mu«,  1880.  204,  WAaadda  Island, 
Neah  Bay,  near  Cape  Flattery  (Coll.  Jordan  ,k  Uilljurt) ,  JvHUAH  iV  SxASlcs,  Pruo. 
Col.  Ac.  Si'i.  18US.  »11,  pL  M. 


756.  PSYCHROLUTES,  OUntber. 

(SPi>r.t,i;.H8  ScULPUJS.) 

i'tychrolvlai,  rillN'TiiEB,  Cat..  In,  Slfl.  IgAl  iparadttTVi). 

Body  tadpole-sliaped,  tajiering  from  the  head  to  the  very  slender  tail, 
covered  with  veiy  loose,  naked,  movable  skiu,  lli'iid  birge,  depreKaed, 
llattiHli  iibovo;  snout  obtu.Hf.  ronudeit;  inten>i-nlar  s]i;>ct'  vny  broad,  the 
oi'iihir  ridges  obnoleto;  mouth  vi'ry  largi';  maudihh-  ohnrt.  little  cavern, 
oua,  itH  t'orni.'^  biuaillj'  U-ali.tpcd ;  mnxillary  entirely  ailaat*-  to  the  skin  of 
the  pieorhital;  jaws  with  bauds  of  vilHform  tuetli;  no  tt'ctli  on  vomer  or 
palatinoii;  no  apinex  or  cirri  about  tlie  head;  snborhitul  atny  ojivrow. 
(iiU  membranes  united  to  the  isthtiius;  kIUh  3|,  u»  Hlit  beiiind  the  fourth. 
Uiaui-biuatogalH  7.  Fins  couuectL-il;  apiuotia  dorsal  of  abort,  slender, 
Dexible  apiuea  entirely  omb(>dded  iu  tbt<  skin  and  uot  viaibb;  without  dis- 
section as  the  spint's  dit  not  ri^e  above  level  of  tbt*  niuticlea;  soft  dorsal 
short,  high,  the  rays  close  together,  the  total  umuber  12  to  24;  »nsl  low, 
of  U  raj's;  caudal  aeparate;  pectoral  II us  long,  with  a  broad,  procurreut 
Hase.  Vi-ntrals  I,  3,  close  together,  distinct,  the  inner  edge  adnate  to 
the  body.  Small  lishes.  very  cloBcly  a)ti«Mi  to  CoituiitHhtn  and  Afalafocoltiit 
on  the  one  band  and  to  tlit*  Lipariilidn  on  the  uthr-r,  their  iliaratttci-s, 
likf  those  of  tlie  latter  t'aniily,  arising  fi"oni  di-genenition  of  tin-  Cotlido!, 
Tbu  i-xteusion  of  the  lax  nkin  ovi-r  the  spiuone  dursat  and  the  bonrs  of 
the  head  .tll'ord  tiie  only  tuogiblo  diagnoatiu  obaraoter  of  tlie  aabfiuuily 
3030 50 


2026         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


I'i>iichrohilina\     From  tlio  LiparidUa,  their  8cpnTai«  veutrals  ilistin^niia 
tliDui  Biilllciently.     Sinall  slioro  fishes  of  the  Nortli  F'acific;  qdIj  a  singlal 
itpeoiea  kuowu.     (i>vxpoXavTr)i,  oue  who  bathee  in  cold  water.) 


83e&.  rsTCHKULrTKS  PARADOXUS,  Gunther. 


Heiid  3|;  dnpth  4i,  ivjuii)  to  head  wilbmit  Miout.     D.  IX,  15  to  17,  only 
12  rays  K<-en  wiihuut  dissi'clioij;  A.  1'-'  or  13;  V.  I,  3;  Iirjiocbiuatcj^s  7. 
Heikd  liirge,  very  liroail,  l:i|ii'rii)K  Buddoily  to  oiiiidnl  jirdiinclv.     Eye  4J  in 
ho»d,  n  litth'  Hhortcr  thuu  .smuit,  it  little  less  thau  width  of  iutr-rorhit^ 
BpiiCf.     Maslthiry  cxti-iidinn  to  Ix-low  middlr  i>r  e.vc     In  t<Ti><-ulur  ayat.-* 
Hut,  not  cmicjive;  jaws  i-<iiiiil,  ibe  lower  '"^-shnpt-d,  it*  iircli  not  narroned 
Wliind.     Pprloriil  rearhiii^  tn  tilightl.v  above  origin  iil'  anal,  2|  in  ImkIjt; 
vi-iitruls  very  siujill,  i  len^jth  Iiciid.     Vent  Hhnnt  midway   l>etMe«7U  voninl 
aud  itual  (irigiii,  thr  sti-coud  dorsal  lifgiuiiiiiii  nearly  over  tip  of  ]t«ctonil; 
tirstdiiTHHl  entirely  Uuri<'d  in  thcukin,  its  uhort,  stiffish  spim-a  to  lie  found 
only  hy  diMseetioH.     t'oloi'  light  clmcolutf  lirown  abovr,  with  iiiiitatr  spots 
iif  diirk;  wbitiah  liclow;  a  piih-  stripp  from  eye  downward  aud  forwunl, 
Ut'tween   2  dark    (inp»;    hady   with    3   very  irrojiuljir  durk    rru»j    bands, 
thi-  third  estciidinj,'  oil  dornul  aud  anal,  tlic<  tirst  1'  larj^i'ly  continent  imd 
»II  v<^ry  lrrc|^nlur  in  furin ;  un  ublir|rii-  dark  band   on  bam>  of  camhil.  a 
narrmv  dark  liaiid  brhiiid  it;  pectoral  with  2  or  3  croHs  tmncla,*  all  (ins, 
except  the  ventral,  with   traees  of  bandn.     Length   24   inrbe!^.     A  sp«ci- 
luen,  5)1  iDiu  l«n«,  taken  by  the  Allintrotn  otl'  St.  Paul  Island,   llerinj;  Sea, 
iu  lyyC),  shiiwH  the  foMowiUK  charactiTs:  Hojid  2?;  ilepth  3.     I).  IX,  15;  A. 
13;  P.  19;  eye  -1  in  Lend;  width  of  inoitth,  from  angle  to  angle,  Ij;  snout 
3i;  iiiterorbilal  'A\.     Itudy  Hliort,  broad,  thick,  tadpole  <«h:ip<«,  the  t*'xtun' 
aofi  like  thai  of  a  Liparid,  eHpr'cially  about  the  bend;  the  Hkin  ta  liiup 
aud  itnujotli,  fov4-ri'd  with  little  soft  ileriual  wart«,  that  of  bead  eape<'inlly 
Ins,  the  clieeka  liiiitid  aud  trauKlucenl.    No  trace  of  Bpinoa  on  be«d.  the 
bonus  Jilt  thill   and   vviaU:    noatrila  each  in   a  itbort  tube;    luoiitb  biti^ul, 
itj^clelt  ehieliy  aiiterior,  the  jaw.s  ei|«iiil ;  t«-eth  very  minnte,  none  oit  votnet 
or    palatines;    lowi-r  jaw    with    8    larf-e   c»J>en   p<ireH.      Cill    mouibrane« 
liroudly  united  to  the  iKthiiiiiti,  the  \i\\\  opeuini;  extendin<^   to  sli^htlx 
below   b.iw  of  iK-cloral.     Lateral  line  obscdete.     DorgnU  iinit<<d,  with  a 
Hlight  notiL  between,  the  fhsl  buried  iu  a  ridjje  uf  Hkin  so  that  its  deli. 
cate  8])iue8  can  not  be  counted  I'rutji  without;  second  dot><al  low,  s<iaiiliir 
to  iuiiil,  both  *»f  Iheni  free   iVoni  the   ciindiil;   lower  pectoral  rays  pixt- 
ffressively  shortened,  the   ImigeHt  U   in  head;  ventrali*  moderate,  I,  .1, 
reaching  vent,  li^   iu  bead;  caudal   rouiidod.     Color  creamy  white,  witli 
blackish  cfohb  batid»,  iiTOgular  in   t'onii  ami  broken  by  whitish  patehi-s; 
5  black  ap(tt«  on  lower  jaw:  top  of  bead  blackish;  a  narrow  blotch  at 
shoulder;  a  wider  une  uciosh  tir^t  dorsal;  abroad  one  on  second  dtmal 
abrnptly  broadened  on  body,  then  narrowed,  extending  iiuroaa  anal;  an 
irreK»lai'  bar  at  ha»e  of  caudal ;  a  narrow  biir  aud  .soiue  spots  and  sTTvak» 
on    Iho   (in;    |ii-ctoral   with  2  curved  bars,  the  inner  concave,  the  out« 


Jvrdan  and  Evcrmuttn. — Fishes  of  North  America,     2027 


from  (•pm'iiiii'ini  Iniiii  Uimliifikw.  Tlii8Bp<n-iet<  i»  tiikfii  ubaiiduiitly  iu  chitl- 
low  witti-T  aboiil  Kadiitk  noiilli  ol'  t;k«  Atiiskau  I'cuiuMula,  tlu-uco  wi'Stwiird 
tliroii>rh  lluiuiiik  Vass,  ulcitig  tlio  tiortli«ru  abuii'  of  IJuiiluakii  Isluuil  In  tbo 
Kuril  IhIuikIs,  iiud  iLe  I'ribiluf  LsIutkIh  and  in  BriKtol  Kiiy.  Tliu  dt<ptbjs 
niut;o  froiu  'J((  to  1121  faUionis.     [iriipdSoiOf,  nuacoountjilde.) 

rtticArvluUi  yaratlojiut.'  OVKTHsn,  Cut.,  ill,  nlB.  18(11,  Gulf  ofGeoriia,  Vancouver  Island 

(IJidl.  H.  M.  S.  i'JuwijuT);  JoKUAS  *  lili.BENT  Syiiii|i»l*i,  0»7,  1«S3. 
/'<T«(<hr'>iu(<'jr  rcfrrn,  l>tA^',  I'ruc.  U.i>.  Mat.  MiiR.  ISUO,  4:1,  Aleutian  ((lands,  between  Un^a 

and  Nagai  lalanda,  at  Albatross  Station  38411,55'  >o'  ^-i  '^'  '^'  ^-i !»  i>°  rathoma; 

.loaii\N  cV  ST  AUKS.  I'rui!.  Cnl.  Ac.  ;ici.Utt5,ifll.  i>l.  85|  tiiuucui.  Kept.  U.  S.  f  Isb  Comm. 

UV3  (iSDOl.ilO. 


757.  GILBERTINA,  Jordan  A.  Sturks. 


Ifilbrftina.  .logiiAW  i  8TAUIC«,  Prrni.  fjll.  Ac.  8cl.  ISHTi,  810  m'l/olulc*). 

'DiiH  ^eiins  din'ert«  from  I'mifchrolutrt  fhii'Ay  in  the  loiif;  fonliiinonR dorsal 
and  annl,  the  fonner  bitving  24  liiyn,  the  lultiT  I'l.  Aattirior  rays  of  dpi- 
iiiiUH  dormil  tmi  bniiiu]  down  hy  rtkin  of  the  bddy,  thi-  lirvt  appiiruut  r.'iy 
I'Kiil^;  nearly  almve  {{ill  <i|MMiin);.  Skllll  extreluel.v  soft  and  caviTnoim,  tUo 
loiiH  iildi(|iia  Idwer  jaw  o^'pecil^ll.v  so.  (NamiMl  for  I>r.  Charlts  Henry  Gil- 
IxTt,  "whobiiH  coiitriliuti'd  inor<^  tbaii  anyone  olxo  to  our  knowledge  of 
the  Usbcs  of  tbc  North  rai^^iflo.") 


*  Till!  rnllowihi:  in  llw  ar<K'>»I  ileiHiriiiUtiii  of  t'rti*krMuU4 paradnmit,  GitntbAr: 

7:    1).9:    A.ti^C.VI,    V.'i.      HiMul  IlirfiK,  ln>»  <|<llt<' »«  biali  iis  linxul,  U« 

|i  II  <<itMl.     Tlinniioiit  iAnlitiiKH,  alt  hiiiieliroiiKiiliTMlilvliinKir  1 11,111  tUct.yn, 

riMi:  IIMT  I'lOllll-dlWIM"!   tlluD  III"  lou")        Tl">r  Ic'll  ul  tln' (lliidlll  i»i>lilli|Uii, 

111  Luudur.ite  ^^  iiLlJi  ^\  illi  lliu  JiiwM  f<|iiul  itiit4-riurl>  :  a  iiiiriuH  Imud  ul'  iiiiitiitc  l«-i>flj  111  tlie 
JAWK;  IIm^  |taliilt-  fippitarA  Ut  lie  miuimiIIi.  TItn  lllMX)llu^^'.  w  birh  tn  wiili'iicil  iil  Itw  ]H»tnri(»r 
axinMiiity.  pvlrrjiU  Ici  IhIkm  iIm-  iui'1ill<  ol'  iln  r  w  I'Ik  noslril  In  aitiiiiUtl  v«ry  iituir  In 
llioixtreiiill.V  ol  tim  .1D1M11  "il   tunt*  I".     'Ihr  I'Tn  in  iiuiiip- 

diut^'ly  Im'Iiiw  the  iipiht  |ii  <  'In  li^uulli  «>f  Ihu  IiinmI.  |  ul' tliMt 

uf  IIh'hdoiii,  iiuil  itoiiilv    '  ■  I  -I'. lit        TIm-  iiifr.iMrltii  :,I  i-i„iia 

a  aUmdrr  i»!"iir*'>»H  m  r  ...  ^>Iii,h,  [■■  ,  1       ,  ,,- 

liiMr::m.     Nuu*' •<(  tli<  I'-iirtnnil;  lli<  ;.• 

«liuil  |Hl^tl<rinr  |ir4M'<  '■  -  iiini.' r(»iiii.  .1, 

lllilix  Willi  llial  uf  llii;  'ill!  II  iiK'iiil'i  iiiK  «  I"' in;;   ill.i'  lu'il  tu  I  hi-  inlliiiuM.       I  lio 

bnmi'liiii'^li'UAla '!('"  *'^^'*'^"'  : .  7  ill  tiniiilH^r      'I'lir  Ii<kI\  in  Hiilkr\  lltMlrictil  iintfl- 

riiiiK  ,11.. I  ...I -..I  |...  .1, .ii...t  .i.-|itii.  i..i.;n,i  t')i..  1 1,'i-.  1  <ir  iiifioiui 

liMi  -I    IiMiMi.      11. ■                                      <  l.'d,  the  il|i|i«r 

t.'  i  llie  i|i)r«iil                                      ■  r  Nlnirl.oNwii 

t".  .■"•■f  lln^  I"'  .  il  111  'i  riiv*. 
tito  til  111- 1  til    wlitt-li  in  tjjIltL       UtM--<.il  tiiiil  til  ml  IIiih  iip[M>^it<-  t  :u  Li  tilltui ,  ailiittUil   lar  li.ii'U 

wuril  4in  tliti  IaU,  tuniiiinitiui:  .»t  Anniii  itli«tiiiK-f  Irmu  tin*  ^-aiiilal,  itiiil  lU'iirly  •«utlriily  ru- 

vi-li'i>i-il   III   -l.iii.      C.iii.l.il  nli-l-tl-.    r ili.l,  t.l    i.ii.iU'niti'  lfiij<lli.     I'lip  vi-l'il  in  altimliMl 

III ■■!  tlio  iiritiin  iiT  tl»r  Htutl.    Tlit*  <ij>pi-r 

ii.ii  k.  mill  witit  •_•  MTV  IJirise  i1#m«|»  brouii 

111 !  .        -       1  lina  lire  dottril  and  siiulli^  KltUbUu-k. 

Lium. 

Tutallcmeth 31 

[.••uztli  Ml  linad. . <l 

Ileielllliuf  llielHtily.  ...„...., I 

I   tlii>  jiviiiiia  y.i/Mjr<4.     Oiiir  uf 

t.- 

!  .i  iln»  ivi'f  oT  /■'«v-7l/^o7ll^;l  /mrrt 

<!■■'  •  -     '■  •   •  . 

U--     .       -   :  ,  .  ■.'-■-       A 

by  ■Kinliiii  .^  .M.;itU.i.  ttml  limli-  lliiii  It  .istn-s  liiih  v>tili  tliv  UlUi,  lUeiM  is,  tiulvhuv, 
UtUv  doubt  lbi>t  Iho  ii|m<c1<m  tttira  Is  Idciiticul  •»ii\ii  puradvtut. 


2028  Bulletin  ^f,  Untied  States  National  Museum, 


iSWt.  lilLBKHTI>A  KHiOLITTKS,  Jnnlnii  .1  SImi-Icm. 

Hoad  3;   ilcptli   I.     1>.  VIII,    18;    A.   l»;   lyi-    «i   in  h<:afl;    iuterorbital 
2^;  maxillary  2I> ;  vuiitralH  2;  pectorals  1;  cuiidiil  •i\\   IiHse  of  (tuns»l  1} 
ill  IcugtL  of  body;  biise  of  ftual  3.     Body  rutlicr  slendisTj  roljUHt  anteri- 
orly, iiirupri'ssed  pusbTioiiy,  thd  greaUmt  liroudtli  uud  deptli  at  alioiildoi*. 
HeucI  hirtfc,  tliL'riiiipe  slightly  produced;  iiiouth  large  »ud  br«tH(Ilv  ruiiudtxl 
oldii|iii',  tile  juwH  about  (M|ual,  iiKixillnry  t'xtcudiiig  to  posU-rinr  iu:ux>i> 
uf  eve,  its  end  biiriud  iiiidi-r  the  Mkin  of  tlit<  cheok;  eyes  pl^jct^d  bigb,  tb<> 
intt'rorbital  space  vury  wldo  and  slightly  couvex,  it«  width  abnut  1^  tiuit-d 
lliai  of  the  ey;  th«!  posterior  end  of  inandiblt;  very  proruim-nt,  iiiinidiblc 
D-Blinpttd,  its  rami  :tji]»ro:icbing  cacli  otbei    pusti-riiirly ;   boneM  <>f°  bc^ad 
('averiioMM,  lurgrly  luiidi-  up  of  tartihige,  tbe  luuudible  oiijn'ciall v  a<i:  an- 
terior (Mid  of  pt'i5oibit^il  foniiiuj;  ii   blunt  spine  over  iiinutb;   pntceaa  a/ 
pmumsillury  proiiiineiit;  ii  euiiplv  of  blunt  projectionn  lx?biui|  each  eve; 
u]i])<>r  part  nf  ubouldiT  irii-ille  projeciiDK,  foriuing'  a  bliiiit  Hpiuo  uu  nape 
jibuvo  K*"  ''li'i  "  '""W  "f  lar>;e  jtores  ariniiid  r>uborbital   rin>{,  and  aluni; 
under  piirt  of  uiaudllde  U(>  opnrciilar  Hpiiiea.     Head  and  body  rovrred 
nilb  u  Very  louuo,  naked,  niuvablo  skin.     Dorsal  tin  Conliimons,  no  notch 
between  spiiion  iiud  huf  t  ra.\  s,  the  apinea  very  slender,  tbe  tirst  one  iiiaort<«l 
ovei  end  of  opcrcalar  dap;  dorsiil  spinus  iiovered  by  skin,  but  even  the 
first  visible  'without  dixseetiou  as  they  tInu  above  tiiv  general  iiitegunirot 
of  body,  the  la.st  leaehiiifj:  to  Hast*  of  i-iiitilal  (la;  aniil  lower  Ibau  dorsaJ, 
its  uri^iii  iiiidway  liotweeu  b:i«e  of  eiiudul  (In  and  post*Tior  iiiurKiu  of 
eyt^,  tiiidiiiK  at  about  tbo  saute  vertical  \h;\X  dorsal  doi'n,  but  uot  rearbiiii; 
fo  fur;  peetoiiils  lone  and  sleuiler,  ruacbin^'  pit-vt  froul  of  anal  and  over 
balfwuy   bbtwetin   tbuir    bases   luul    boot*   of  candal    lin,  adnate    to   the 
body  for  tbe  iiateriur  third  or  fourth  of  their  length;  ventmls  loui;.  nol 
ipiite  re.-ithiiig  to  vent,  aduate  to   the   body  for  i  their  length;   viindal 
111)  niunded,     Color,  light  olivueouti.->;  body  iind  bond  with  iniiumerablr 
dark  poitiU,  giving  the  tisb  a  dusky  appeariinc**:  large  dark  blotch  aeroM 
body  at  the  t>o^t«rior  euda  of  dorHiil  aud  anal,  a  sitnilar  spot  under  imic- 
torsil;  head  ituiform  dusky,  ligblur  below;  belly  wliite;  niidd  le  of  poct<>ral 
dark;  dornals  dark  ;  lower  lius  white.     Tuget  Sound;  knowufrout  n  single 
suiull  speciuieu  1^  inches  iu  length,     (tfi^v,  ijuiet;  Aovr^j,  bather. ) 

iiiilK-rtina  ti^Mutt*,'  JoHDAX  fc  Si  arks.  I'roc.Cnl.  Ar.  Scl,  !»)»,  811,  \i\.  S6,  Point  Orcliferd. 
near  Seattle.    (T.V|ri.  No.  :)12»,  L.  S.  Jr.  Dniv.  Mus.     CoU.  VAxcin  (J.  St»rli«. ) 
NOTK — Ki-molely  nlbiHl  to  tlie  Conidft  ia  the  Old  Wurld  liiuilly  Plalyierphntliltm,  rliMM-     - 
ti-iiiMl  liy  the  j;r«aUy  depreascJ  bvad  iiDd  body.     lis  priuclpal  isuuua  la  ctumclorlMd  ^ 
tuUuWii; 

PLATYCEPHALUS.  BI.mIi  .V  Jkbuftdor. 

rinlfieephatiit,  TiLOi'lI  iV  Si^llMKIIiEB,  Sysl.  Irlith.,  58.  IHIH  ^^«^^b^r). 

llvud  l*n>»d,  very  dHpr«amMl,  luort'or  leNttBruiwl  witliMpiiies;  body deproMMl  antrriarlT. 
xulx'v'lindrlrii)  pitHli-riiirly,  mvoriMl  witli  ctennid  Hcnieii.  Lateral  Uof*  preaetit.  Twudor* 
Hal  Hiio.  tlu>  (Sr^l  i<pine  ixolalod  from  tlie  ulbem.  VrntrulH  tliuracic,  but  nubvr  r«iui>i« 
ln»iii  llie  riMit  oi  Ow  fK'ctorala;  uu  p6t-torft]  ft|»pt-i)diigfis.  iIuvth,  vuiiier,  And  |»*taUne  bobM 
wltti  IihiiiIk  'if  viiUf'orm  teeth.  Air  bladder  ninii-:  pylurii;  Hppirnilnirfvt  io  Drodcr.itc  nugt- 
brrM.  rulyneaia  luiil  the  Australian  aeiu.  thmugb  all  tliv  Imlinn  w^iik  tu  t]>«  eiwuim  r<e**t 
uf  Africa.  (Giiiitlior.)  Two  «pooiiM  of  thin  goiius  havi>  Ixieu  drM-rilK'il  from  Amnrina 
wNta-rii,  in  Ixith  camMt  appamntly  by  error,  iia  uo  Amuricuii  iohlkjulogUt  baa  foauU  aay 
■  piM'iniuui  uf  i^ilhHr.     (rAAtvt,  brtuid;  cc^aAi^,  InMid.) 


*  UltpiiiiUMl  tiffolutet  in  the  origuid  dvMriptioUt 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     202ft 


Tbo  follavini;  ar^  the  iipccinA  in  (itiMllon : 
PliUtiefykatutafnfT^CfiniiM.  SaI'VAOK.  Xouv  Arrbiv.  Miw..  Hi.  pi.  U.  Hg.  3,  1878,  Potomac 
River. 

'I'liM  .•i|i«rinien,  III' c«iiiriu>.  never  eiimn  fmiti  Ihx  Potom:ii'  KlTFr.  Tlio  followini;  Ia  (lie 
ttllMUticc  nf  S<iiivn|i:e'«  ilo'artiiitlan :  Hcwl  n<>iirl,v  11) ,  wlillli  of  lieiul  nearly  3  in  iU  lenctli. 
Kn  tpliius  iiL  ciiiil  of  miDut:  n  nlntu);  npiiie  Iwforo  «y«:  rim  ii(  urliit.  uniK'd  with  kpinPH 
ilirei'teil  liiirliwurd,  tlioNp  in  friint  nninller:  riilgeH  iil'  rurtex  kliclilly  pmniiDenl.  with  few 
MpliiKH:  <:he«k  nritli  ♦  or  5  iilr»iig  ii|>ii»<if ;  iKlge  ul  ii|ic<ri'Ki  nuft;  prHiprrrlo  with  L'spiiipx. 
I.liti  u]i|K>rn  little  (he  longer  uIhiiiI  halfapjii-u  l>el  wOfui  tl  fiiiil  «yp;  tnnxillnry  reschlu^  mtil. 
flit'  »r  uve;  Kiiiiiit  2  iii  »y<- .  Utorul  lini'  .spiny  Ihron^liuut  kffi  svholii  |pii|2lh;  ii^coud  ilomiil 
npiiiu  iiliurt<^r  than  tliinl.  na  luiic  im  mitxillxry.  Ventraln  ItKcrtcW  fur  frum  aiinl ;  pcitonil 
II  liU.Ip  tiliorter  thill  siiimt  anil  nyv.  Ih"!)  rp<lillnli,  ili>«p  ro<l  iil  raiiilnl  |icitnncle;  mtouiI 
■InroAl  uul  iinnl  wltli  2  oliliiiue  bniid*  of  yellnwifth :  pe(^t<ir*l  u  Itli  aimilar  b«n<l. 
fU)i>jf[ihnlut  <iiiffu<(iM,  STU;<iiA<.'il.viin,  Sitigbor.  Altad.  Wiiw.  \Vi<.n  I8W,  213,  taf.  1,  6g. « 
Surinam. 

Thi»  «pwiiuen  may  u"t  h«Tp  ron)"  rroni  SnrinRm.  The  follnnrlnB  I"  the  Hnlwtance  nf 
8l<-lli<lui;hn<  r'»  ilr8<  riptinii :  lli'tul  3J ;  lir<>u<ltli  of  hc-ml  H  In  itit  Irt>|r1h.  O  l-VIII,  13: 
A.  Iil;  ncHlim  lOB.  Kyo  T,  unroruhnt  gr<*ut<T  Ihiin  lirciullh  nf  fiirehpuil.  Caiiilal  with  i 
iliirp,  black i«fa-hrovn,  ItiiiclhwiRe  NlrlpcK:  iHMly  with  miiall  tipotii  and  aonvn  lnr);er  li|clit 
liriium  Kjiotx;  3  brown  rron^  liniiili)  on  puntctior  hull' of  liudy.  Nimioroiis  lltllo  raintMl 
riiltro.>4  nn  prt'urhital  rini,  and  u  aliiirl  ttpini*;  no  teiitarli;i4  j  *i  npinea  im  prt'oporclc,  ilir 
luwcir  1  oye.    Orrateiit  h«i|ihl  of  (lr«t  ihtraul  i  <>!'  tecond  or  ,',  of  luiid.    CftuUal  rounded. 

Family  CLXXX.   RHAMPHOCOTTID.E. 

Dody  short,  elevnted.  Head  very  larpe,  ita  groatest  df-pth  grcwU^T  tli.in 
that  of  thn  bmly  ;  KknII  with  2  HtrotiK  bouy  ridgi'H  from  itbovt*  tliu  front  of 
tbo  »,'ye,  coiiliniioi]><  with  -  larj^o  oocipital  rialguA,  li-uviu^  the  iiil<'i-orl>it!il 
iipaco  and  iniddle  liti<>  of  the  top  of  the  heiKl  stnui^ly  coiic:ive:  Hnoiit 
itlmtdor,  iiiinow,  und  :il)rnptly  protriKliiig;  inniith  very  nurruw,  fl-Hliiipod, 
itM  iiapi'  longer  thttii  widi';  teeth  vllliriirni,  iioiit-  on  the  voiiitT  or  palu- 
tiues;  K<ll  npctiiii^  ruitriticd  to  tlio  rogiou  uliovi^  tht-  hiisr  of  the  pcrtnriilii, 
th<*  liieiuhrntl(!n  hclow  roni|ili'ti>iy  iitiiti-il  to  th<<  slioiildrr  i;irdlo  uild  inth- 
mim;  :ix>pni'<'iit1y  no  nlit  lu-hiiid  hist  icill;  n  xtoiit,  8trt)i{t;bt,  pie<i])crciil:ir 
spine:  na-tnl  Apini"«  prA-ient;  no  other  spincHon  hoa<l.  Skin  eviirywheie 
on  hviid  liiid  liiidy  liriii,  JMiinovitble,  duiiaely  corxred  with  stiff',  hilid  or 
tritid  gptnoii!!  pria^kleM;  spinous  dorsiil  very  snukll;  pectornl  tvith  pro- 
cnrrt'tit  bsiae.  North  Fucilic:  it  siiiule  spoviuM  known ;  ii  sniiill  shorx  (ieih. 
Th«^  following  uLTiiiinf.  of  the  nkelctoii  nf  h'hampliiuolltiB  is^iven  by  .Mr. 
Stnrkit:  Thu  po^<terior  end  of  Ihv  protuinent  ridge,  which  inns  liurkwtird 
from  the  Hiiporior  orhitui  rim  on  •.'UCh  nide,  is  fortin-d  hy  the  epioli<-  pro- 
ce.ss.  It  ends  in  tlie  form  of  n  h«ng  "occipitnl  spine;"  jihnost  ilireelly 
iiiidnr  it  in  the  short  piirotic  procet>.f.  The  post-tcnipoijil  is  short,  wide,  nnd 
Ihtt;  iti^  n]iperond  is  .tttAchi'd  to  the  inner  side  of  thf  epiotie  Hpine,  iind 
for  the  whoh<  length  of  it.«  anterior  ed|rc,  to  the  sknll  lietween  tbo  epiotio 
anil  piirotiu  priH'esMiv^,  Frnni  tt«  low^r  inner  snrf:ice  it  sends  a  wide,  thin 
bone,  which  is  liruily  fiist^'ued  to  th>-  hiise  of  thn  skull.  It  benrs  a  haek- 
wttrd  piiijeeting  spiuu  ou  its  lower  end,  iimiib'  nf  wbieh  the  snprarlnvicln 
is  attiielind.  Actinoitts  large,  wide  an<l  thin,  withont  :in  o|>ening  between 
(linMi.  Snbopercle  ahsenl;  preopenle  hirge,  son<ling  n  spine  linekwnrd; 
opcrcle  trinngnlitr  on  it**  lower  inner  angle;  the  iut«roi>ercle  i»  developeil 
and  strongly  coosHitied  with  It;  it  wnds  »  slender  proecss  forward  niidor 
the  preoperele;  a  projection  dowiiwanl  fnun  the  posterior  end  of  the 
articular:  suborbitol  wide,  thin,  mid  coiicavo-oonves,  its  ronve\  surrore 
outward.     8kiil|  without  baxal  ohnnibar;  v«rt«brie  10+ M. 


iOiW         Bulletin  4j,  United  States  National  Museum. 


758.  RHAMPHOCOTTUS,  Gllnther. 

Hhami'hncoiint  fiiiarhpr,  Ami.  M)ii;-  N"l  Hi*!-,  siv,  Ilt7t,370  (riehariitifii). 
Cli:ira<-ter!i  or'tlio  Komi*  iiit^lintlml  above,     (pdu'l'os,  onont;   CoUtu.) 

•^tn;.  KM.isriioioTTrs  RiriuRnHoxi,  ttimthrr. 

He»d  i;  lU'i'tli  2,  1>.  VII,  11! ;  A.  6;  I',  14;  orbit  6  in  liea<l:  maxilUTj 
•i;  Kiiotit  3;  hiTrliost  domul  n\nue  Ci;  tlnrnril  ra.v  4;  aniil  ray  l ;  pertoriil  2i; 
veiitrul  'J;  <.':iiiclai  'A;  vertebrji-  10-|- 14  — 24.  J-tod.v  tiktii-t,  i'Oliipr<?«»v4l,  tlie 
bai'k  plevatoil,  itM  j;rcativ-<l  ili'pth  juHt  in  front  of  spinoiiH  donuil.  Ilpjid 
tai';;«,  :iH  1<iuu  ntt  re.st  of  boily ;  Biinut  Inng  and  narrow;  month  U-sbaped, 
itH^ape  l(in;;<'r  tliun  wide;  lips  tbick,  tbiMrNiirf:ii'u  broVeii  up  into  papiJl»<; 
niii\ill:ii\v  ri'in-biii);  tb<<  nasal  spino;  lower  y.iw  included;  tectb  in  villi- 
roriii  li;iiiiN  on  jaws  aiiit  vomer,  tiune  on  jialatines;  ej-e  placed  bi^b.  it« 
ilinnir-tRr  contuini-d  twii'c  in  tll<^  unniit,  lA  in  tli(>  intc^rorbilal;  a  liraiichMl 
lUiniiiil  Hap,  us  I011);  n.H  jxipil,  iit  tip  of  snont;  bead  with  2  lar(;e  bony 
liilfjeH  above,  I'oirtimioiiH  witb  tbc  orbital  riin  and  ending  in  strong  binnt 
a]iitira  at  iincipnt ;  buitd  di'i>ply  cohimvu  between  Ibese  ridgoa;  nii&al  spine 
sharji  and  rpcnrved;  !i  pair  of  wtronjc  spines  over  tbe  eyta;  a  sharp  spine 
jHst  above  o^Mircle,  n  bbmt  one  cm  operclo  bcloTs  ll«p,  and  a  loni:  itbarp  on* 
:it  anitlu  of  prt'opiTcle,  n  low  iMiny  rUigt^  lending  to  each  of  these  spines;  a 
biii^  sb.iLrp  Hpini-  on  i']ii\  inle  jiiHt  behind  ^ill  opening:  a  blunt  bony  knob 
at  piiBtiTior  piiil  of  nianilililuM;  {iill  o]>enings  exlendin;;  upward  from 
np]H>r  pectoral  in\ .  tlx'ir  ]rn;;tb  i.-i|iiiil  to  ormnt.  Kntire  bead  ivnd  l>odi 
covi-n'd  w  itli  iniilii]i(iintc'<l  tvf)iii>-ii,  those  on  he;id  niucli  aniiiller  than  th<> 
ones  on  siile.s,  11  few  Hiriiple  MjiiiipM  abillK  re]ilialie  ridges;  tbe  tirst  donuil 
spine  co^  cred  witli  spiiio.t,  nn<l  eiich  iloi>ial  ray  with  n  row  on  its  wide;  a 
few  spino  on  tin-  base  of  the  pei;toral  and  anal  rays.  I'orsal  spines  very 
weak,  tittiii;;  in  a  ^oovi>  in  Uauk  ;  soft  dorsal  hi;;bei'  than  spinous,  tbe  tip* 
(if  tlu>  ray.H  rcni'hinj^  base  of  caudal  tin;  anal  short,  few-rayed,  rettchia;; 
HtiKhtly  Imyouil  Hoft  dorsal:  pectoruls  pointed,  their  lower  rays  nntirely 
free,  reaching  about  to  bane  of  third  anal  ray;  ventrals  reaebing  t«i  emU 
of  peetorals,  their  oriuiii  behind  lower  part  of  pectoral  base  a  dist«nn< 
equal  to  length  of  snoiit;  enudal  nuiudcd  behind.  Mody  creamy  yellow, 
with  coDspienourt  irregular  dark  stripes,  edged  with  blark,  mnniiig 
obliipiely  aerosH  the  body;  similar  stripes  r.idiating  from  oyo  in  all 
diiei'tionw,  1  to  end  of  snout,  a  triangular  1  downward,  1  rnnnini; 
baekward  and  downw.ird  lo  middle  of  preopercle,  then  turning  upward 
anil  rnrniiiifj  nearly  to  oecipitiU  spine,  '2  or  3  short  oiiew  above,  e:u?b  of 
theoe  involviii;;  the  nienibi'nne  of  eye;  'J  or  .S  bfack-bonlered  dark  spots 
oil  idire  of  opeicle;  a  light  yellow  streak  surrounded  by  black  acr««a 
raiiil;«l  jiedMiiele.  Iieliiinl  whieb  all  is  bright  cherry  red  to  the  end  of  can 
dnl  Ihi ;  '.'  «i  milar  Mpni.s  ou  ba-sc  of  |ieeloral ;  tJip  of  bead  croHsed  with  wary 
bliick-edjied  dark  bars ;  top  of  lower  .jaw  bl.iek,  n  line  of  bbu'k  sfiots  mn- 
niiig along  under  (laHsof  mandilde;  tins  all  bright  red.  each  ray  of  dorsal 
with  a  sharp  blark  spot  at  it.t  base,  a  few  spots  on  dorsjil  spiiiea;  anal, 
peoiuruls,  and  ventral.-t  dark  at  base.     Hero  described  froiu  a  specuuea  3 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2031 


inolieH  in  length,  collectwl  in  n  rock  pool  on  Cbanuul  KockR,  near  Point 
Or<-h:ir<l,  I'lr^ot  Soniid,  liy  Miss  A<li'Ua  M.  rrirker,  of  Seattle.  North 
I'aciiic,  fniiu  Kitka  to  Monterey;  acjirfe,  but  not  iiUretjueiit  ia  I'liuet 
SoiukI,  lit  about  '1  tu  10  lathoiuB;  a  moat  sia{{ular  lisL.  (Named  lor  Johu 
RichanlBon,  natiiraliet  uiid  explorer.) 

Iilinmiihoetiiliit  riehardMHit,  OrvTHEU,  Ann.  Mag.  Nkt.  Hint.,  XTT,  1871,  370,  Fort  Rupert, 
Vancouver  Uland,  Britl«h  America;  BEaN,  IVcm:.  U.  8.  Nat  Mu».  IHJfl.  25'.';  JiiKUAJi 
Jk.  LiiuieuT,  ii7tL0|ii)is,  7*22,  ltl43 ;  Ji>ai>AN  &  Stabiu,  Froc.  Cal.  Ao.  ticl.  UK,  813,  pi.  87. 


Family  CLXXXI.  AGONIDiE.* 

<TnK  SRA    POACIIElll;!,) 

Boily  angnlnr,  (commonly  8-»ngled,  the  caudal  pednnr.le  6-angIed,  cov- 
«r«i  TirJtL  H  to  1'2  linmitndiiial  iowb  oT  iriibricateil,  rndisily  Ntrinted  plalefl, 
the  aatt^rinr  oilgi'  ol"  einh  phtti;  overlying  Iho  poHturior  odge  of  thc>  jilato 
nuxt  in  frmit  of  it;  plates  ><i)iniHi!<  or  not.  'IVt'tli  (itiiaU,  oven,  in  villiform 
hanilH  on  jawH.  anil  in  rnoHt  dpecieti  on  mimkt  ami  palatine.^,  Boinetimea 
wholly  obsolete;  gilla  S.j,  no  slit  bttliiud  the  la.st;  pseuilobrauchiii-  liirjj;!!, 
extondiuj;  liowii  the  innpr  aiilf  of  opi-rule ;  gill  rakerti  Hniaij;  gill  lueui- 
brani's  iinitwl,  free,  or  joineil  to  iHthiiiiiJt;  viMitrul  fins  thoracic,  narrow, 
their  rays  I,  '2;  vent  nsnally  close  b<>hind  vontruls;  i^jiinoiis  duraal  large, 
Hiiiiill,  or  aliNent:  anal  without  MpineN;  caiulul  rounded,  about  3  tiiiica  as 
long  an  widfi  at  liaae,  with  U>  tu  11'  long  rays;  buHO  of  pnctoralH  n.'^ually 
broad,  the  lowi-r  niya  Homt-tiinei)  produced;  all  raya  of  all  lina  itiniple; 
brani:hioHt«gal  rays  ti;  niyadoiiiu  (ttibo  of  nrfi  moHnleH)  with  nionilira- 
nact^ouB  roof;  ba8iB;»henoid  absent;  pust-teuiporal  Dot  bifurcate,  (.outiiin- 
oumIv  articulated  with  epiotic  and  ptiTotir;  pyloiio  I'li-ra  few,  about  1  toT; 
vcrtebnt-  nnniorons,  3."i  t^j  5<l.  Fi«he8  of  the  cold  sea-*,  living  among  rookn 
or  kelji,  most  of  ttiem  uf  small  hIzl-  and  fautaatic  form,  not  valnablv  aa 
Cooil.  (Jenera  20;  Miiecieu  about  10.  The  .■<pi>cies  are  extremely  varied,  and 
loiiHt  be  placed  in  very  many  genera,  or  tdsi-  roducud  to  a  itingh*  one  in  eacdi 
siili-fainily.  The  platca  vary  somewhat  in  iuinilM»rin  all  parts  of  the  body 
in  moat  if  not  .ill  of  the  8{K)i.'iet<,  aithuiigh  not  tothesamu  extent  in  all  the 
genera.  Evon  the  pattern  on  the  lireast,  which  ia  delinite  for  the  tipxeiea 
of  all  the  genera  except  ififtjioajifiuliih,  Tarie.i  in  the  <li(lVirent  indiviiliiala 
of  the  Haine  sjiecies,  no  that  it  is  probable  that  even  wheni  tio  variafions 
are  indicated  by  the  niiinbers  given  in  the  Ibtlowing  deseriptioua  they 
would  Im>  found  by  I'onipariiig  large  niinibora  of  individuals.  The  platea 
in  the  dorsal  series  vary  from  ]  to  [i  in  number  in  most  species;  thoy  cor- 
respond (dosely  with  the  number  of  \ertebrse,  there  being  usually  1  or  2 
fewer  of  the  fonner  than  of  the  latter.  It  neeius  probable  that  the  vertohne 
vary  a  little  in  oinnbor  within  the  speeios,  and  the  rings  of  plates  cor- 
reH(>oud  in  nniober  with  them  at  luaot  throughout  mottt  of  the  length  of 
the  body.  There  is  no  detinite  proof,  though  the  balanee  of  evideiiee 
NoeniM  to  indi('at«,  that  the  superior  lateral  Beries  of  plate.s  in  Agpidopho- 
ritiiiiH,  bearing  the  ltkt«ral  line,  correaponda  with  the  median  lateral  aerioa 

*  Tlio  nrimoil  »1  Mie  <lyi>ni<(<r  in  contriliiitnl  liy  Mr.  I'ranli  Cramer,  u  Kraduate  HlniUot 
til  [<i<Ijtiiil  stuulbnl  Jr.  L'ulvuraity,  mjuic  adilflioaii  liu\LU|{  tiwu  uiaue  tiy  Junliui  iL 
Kvoniuinu. 


2032         Dtdktin  47,  UnUcd  States  National  Museum. 


of  plates  or  Agonu*,  etc.    In  the  following  descriptions  of  speciea,  when 

tboiUaiiivter  of  thciiy<-is  not  spcritled,  the  1oa>;ituiliual  diiiuieter  isiiie«nt. 
Tlie  ru.va  of  the  finH  arise  n-gularly  in  the  iiiterviils  between  the  sncceasivf 
pairs  ol'  plutes  alternatini;  with  them,  and  the  membrane  Itehiml  the  lut 
a]iiiic  of  the  first  doraal  fin  ends  at  variable  distances  I'roiu  the  base  >•>(  the 
spine ;  hence  in  f^ivioj;  the  number  of  plates  between  the  <lorBals,  tlie  nnin- 
bor  between  the  last  spine  and  the  firHt  rtiy  is  meant,  nnlese  otherwise 
stated.     ''I^DK^'i  °''  body,"  an  the  standard  of  measurement,  means  the 
leu(,'th  from  tip  of  preuiaxillary  to  base  of  oamlal,  iinloas  •■  total  lon^jth" 
is  mentioned.     Tbu  rostrul  spineA,  whether  I  or  2  pairs,  bclonju;  to  the  naMkl 
bones,  and  a.xv  properly  "nanal  spines"  in  the  species  iu  which  there  ia  do 
free  terminal  plate.    The  latter,  with  its  sploes,  may  be  the  freed  anterior 
part  of  the  uosal  bones.     Tlio  hypnral  bone  is  included  in  the  numliorof 
vertebra',  and  those  were  counted  iu  nearly  all  co-vos  in  only  1  iadividual. 
The  young  of  Heveriil  species  hiive  been  described,  some  of  them  in  detail, 
and  KO  Car  aa  known  they  all  ditler  from  the  adults  in  the  same  way.     The 
spines  and  ridftes  nrc  more  prominent;  thu  bi»ily  is  relatively  shorter,  its 
anteiiur  end  abruptly  broader,  forming  with  the  head  a  more  or  lesa  defi- 
nite rhombic  ligurc ;  the  tail  is  more  compressed ;  the  head  is  broader,  the 
snout  mon.'  blunt,  and  the  lower  jaw  relatively  longer;  the  vent  lies  far- 
ther back  from  the  base  of  the  ventral  fins,  and  there  ore  nsnally  paiia  of 
small  plates  between  tlieni;  the  dorsal  .and  ventral  scries  of  platee  on  the 
tail,  which  are  single  in  the  adults  of  nearly  all  the  species,  are  donble  in 
the  yontig,  or  at  least  have  the  doable  row  of  serrations.     Nearly  all  tlie 
species  are  found  within  the  limits  assigned  to  this  work.     The  few  not  «o 
found  are  included,  for  oomploteuess'  sake,  in  footnotes.    (F.  C.) 

a.  Spinous  dorsal  preaeD  t. 

b.  <iill  membroDM  nr«o  from  the  uthmos. 

e.  Bod;  compresMii;  lower  Jaw  not.  praJPctiDg:  ]>l»t«a  of  hody  •pinoas;  (irat 
iloTsal  nl  ojipe. 
d.  Bfxiy  elongate;  dorsals  well  itcpamted. 

e.  Toeth  on  vomer;  no  oociiiitsl  «)iloea  or  Iiarbfl  on  saont. 

PUCtikTSt. 
et.  No  teetli  od  vomer ;  ■aont  with*  louc  liarbel ;  occipital  «plne«  itnuenl. 

AOONOMjU.C!'  TSB 

«ld.  Ilody  short  and  high;  dorsalii  close  together;  vomer  witliouc  ttwtli. 
occipital  Hplne*  present;  lower  rayn  of  |>ectoralji  rn>e. 

HrpsAOofrrn.  Til 
BaArHropsiv.iEt 
ce.  IIihI  r  luoro  or  lox*  i1eprAHnC<] :  Inwcr  jnw  prq|«ctllig ;  platea  nf  \it»\y  apjiiaiit 
oruot;  first,  ilorxal  liuLiuil  naiKv 
/.  Cliiii  witlmni  li'rniiiuil  barhol. 

g.  Snuul  (hurt  I  not  prodacwl  ld  form  of  a  tobo) :  plates  of  Imly  aplBvaa 
U.  Buaea  of  anunt  abort,  not  fonnuig  a  ttibnlar  nose. 

4.  Vomer  aad  palatines  without  teeth  j  brMst  almplr  prkikly. 

S-rnxEawA.  JSJ- 
«.  Vomer  nnd  palat4iieii  with  aom*  iMth :  lireast  with  Urp 
platoa.  OO'A.  TO. 

Booeaof  Hiiout  prodafnl  into  a  long  tube  whicli  1>Aar«  the  ahart 
Jawa  at  the  oud ;  budy  rather  robust,  the  plat«s  with  iiptiisa 

Biuovrorsia.  7M 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann, — Fishes  of  North  America,     2033 


/.  A  Iouk  bu-Wl  »t  tip  orrliio  i  suout  ^lm^  (itroduoeil  into  fonn  of  a  tnlM\ 
HH  in  S)in<jnc\thidir} ;  IiimIv  Hubten'Cc,  very  Hleoder,  itM  {ilnt^js  not 

«l>iiinuti.  Pau.ai<u«a,  709. 

AooNiKX: 
bb.  (till  mfliubranca  juliietl  lo  Ullimiin.  with  nr  willioiit  »  oarruw  free  fold  bohind. 

;'.  Tip  uC  nnaut  wiUiuul  freo  aiedion  i>lAt«  m-  it{>iue;  uuutb  inferior,  lowpr  J«w 
Rliurt. 
I:.   Vonier  wilboiil  tei>tb. 

(.  Lower  xidt*  nf  inout  uitb  no  bnrbela;  one  piiir  of  apiiiea  on  tip  of 
snout.  LETTAOOKin),  7M. 

II.  LiOwnr  xide  (if  Koout  witb  bnr))<>lH. 

in.  Uill  niombriiDPS  witlioiit  barboUi  a  pair  of  comptrx  barbel* 
nndnr  lip  of  SDoiit ;  1  pair  liorironlal  and  1  pair  nwnrred 
■plnrx  nt  tip  Of  (tiout.  L<iwi<r  Jaw  very  weak:  teeth  feeble, 
Hometimeii  wuntlaK ;  platus  of  body  mostly  with  spine*. 

PoDormtfiTs,  767. 
ntM.  Gill  meiDbmuf s  with  MAiKretl  barbel*. 

n.  FbtoB  nf  body  witbuiit  proraiDvut  apinm;  noprcociUmr 

npiui'4.  Aooims,  788. 

nn.  Plates  nf  body   larcely  »[>inoui<:    a  |iair  of  preocular 

■pinL-H.  Stklou,  760. 

U.  Vomer  and,  on*n.  p.iUtinpn  with  t-eoth. 

a,  IHirsal  flni  rutlinr  lung,  thn  ruyji  sliortened  beliind,  tho  lant  one 
attoobtd  by  membraoe  to  tbe  body ;  au  large  lif«-liko  ipiao  above 
oya. 
p.  PUtca  on  body  largely  Bplnona :  gill  tncnibrftnen  with   cirri.   1 
urniiirf  on  isioh  briiniliioalPKal;  ti-t'tli  on  jiuIaLiup*;  lower 
jaw  »liiirt  iMMieatli  tlrn  \nu\i  miout."  A  VKHRUNi-UH,  770. 

)i}>,  riatc-x  uu  lj<Hly  largrly  unHnuod:   n<i  t<-<^t)i  ou  paliittnivi;  (•ill 
oiomhmuta  withciut  cirri.  8abK[T0ii,  771. 

00.  Uorsnl  tins  nitlisr  almrt,  llio  rays  Rcarrely  Kbnrtenwl  inlilKd,  tbp 
laj^l  uuc  not  adnain  1iy  mrinlirHOr  iH'Idnd  ;  alurj^o  knifp-litd^  iipini: 
ovt-r  »«W('h  c^'f^;  plati^  on  h<»dy  largely  spiAons:  no  r.trrl  on  ^lll 
membranes.  ,  Xystes,  772. 

}].  Tip  of  anniit  with  n  free  terminal  plate  or  spine;  teeth  on  Jaws,  vomer,  and 
pain  tines. 
•/.  (><:ciput  witlioat  distinct  pit;  Spairs  of  occipita]  spines:  dorsal  oud  una] 
well  developed. 
r.  Lower  jaw  atronsly  projectinR:  lower  pectoml  rays  not  ninoh  pro- 
duci'd:  (orm'.nal  rostral  plate  with  3  spines.      BATHVAOOxra,  773. 
rr.  Lower  jaw  not  projcctinfi:  lower  raya  of  pectorals  much  prodnoed 
in  odolts;  anal  tlu  short,  of  6  or  8  rays.  XXNOi^Hlui-g,  774. 

qq.  Occlpnt  with   a  deep  pit;  oopipital  spmcs  none,  or  rvduccd  tu  mere 
traces;  ilorHnl  anil  auol  very  short. 
«.  Uixly  slender,  elonK*le;  tail  not  ooniprcssed.  ODONTOrrxig,  775- 

u.  ISiNly  short  and  broiul  in  Irmit :  tjill  rompreaaed  teeth. 

BOTRBAOOIWS,  77V. 
Aspi  Dor  trOROI  dik.t;  : 
aa.  SphiiKis  d'lmid  iiliAeot:  btidy  nnt  f'oin]irf'sa<vil.  lis  plates  not.  spinous;  month  smiill, 
Itrminal;  gill  moiubrjuiiw  Irci-  frum  tlic  iathmus.  ABl'lU01'noiluiDE.s  777. 


759.  PERClS.t  Scopoli, 

Pmrei*,  Scopou,  Int.  Hiat.  Kat.,  451,  1777  (japonieut). 

nippoeephalus,  BwAlMSOH,  Xat.  Uist  Fishes,  eto.,  II,  S73, 183S  (tupereiUntui), 


•Jaws  Hul»i|iial  111  Aqniiopriii,  n  Sonlh  Aniiiriran  Keniin  very  close  lo  Avtrrunrti*. 
(  Dr.  Uill  lias  called  our  attention  (<•  tho  Identity  of  I'ercit  with  IHpfrntiphitlu: 


2034         Dullethi  47,  United  SiaUs  National  Museum. 


Body  moili'iiitcly  elOM^atx^,  <'omprmitcd  thronghout;  back  elev»t«d  b»- 
l»iud  unpe;  2  rcivrs  of  Hlroiig,  i-iirvr-d  spim-s  nlong  wbolo  teogtb  of  each 
Hi(l<<  (Rpinr.s  nf  the  other  Borien  smaUor);  tirst  dorxnl  Gn  beginning  bebioil 
nn|>o;  dorsals  far  iijinrt;  anal  fin  long.  V^nt  far  bark  from  buMo  of  veu- 
trais.  llund  iiiirrnw  luiteriorly,  aliniptly  Uroader behind;  mouth  tei-mtnal; 
iiieili.'in  roHtral  jiluti-  iiotio;  iiaB.iJM  nuited  in  front  of  muxillarv  pedii'lfs. 
IiihTiirbltal  Bput-e  Ipniad,  the  Bupraociilar  ridges  very  promim-nt,  iritli 
largiv,  llnl,  tria.iigiil;ir  Hiipriinciilar  spine  or  sholf;  no  occipital  spiuea. 
Tn-th  on  JiiwM  SI  ltd  viiiiitir,  none  ou  palatineH.  Gill  uinn)brane«  iinitod,  tft* 
from  iHthmua.     North  I'ai'ilic     (irtpnt'i,  a  aynouyni  of  irtpxtf,  |)«rch.) 

9n»s.   I'EBCIN  JAPONICVN-  iPallw). 


Hetid  11;  Br.C;  H.VI,7;  A. 8;  P.  12;  V.S(I,2);  C.  2-13-2.  Body  com- 
pra-iiied  throughmit,  thf  Hhoiildor  girdlcu)  prnniinont;  width  of  body  At 
U.'iHi'  of  ]i*'>;tor:klB  a  little  more  than  gn-utcHt  height  and  .5  in  bixly  length. 
[nimLnliiiti'ly  bidiind  [lettoralR  tin)  width  a  little  lew<  than  grontc^t  height; 
h)H\vi'<-ti  dorsiilN  and  (iii  |inIiiii(-Ic  it  is  nearly  2,  and  urnbT  socond  dorwil  i» 
little  ninri'  tUuii  2  in  thi<  hoight  at  the  8nui<-  points.  Abdouicu  iiKMlemtrly 
Hwullcn  ill  frntit  <i(' Vf'Ut.  Tin-  liack  rises  at  an  iltigle  of  4,"i  bt-bindorci- 
[int,  h1o|ic'h  (Idwn  w.'trd  niiiltT  firnt  dorani,  leaving  ii  hnnip  nnuer  ite  front 
nml,  rises  in  front  of  Bi-t-ond  dorsal  and  slopeH  downward  ngaitt  nnder  it; 
ventral  outline  nearly  straight;  vent  between  i  and  i  distance  from  ven* 
trulH  <i)  nnal.  Hreii>!t  iind  area  between  veutraU  and  vont  almost  roin- 
pli'fely  oeciipied  liy  ue.trly  Hut,  railiully  ntriated  plaU»s,  with  slightly 
r:(itieil  i-enteFH  iind  of  variable  hizi-.  with  iuniinieruble,  ex<'e8sivoly  niiniit« 
[ilitttw  Hi-attcri'd  among  th«ni;  v)>nt  Hurroiindcd  by  pricklei>i.  Plate«  of 
vcntriiliitcral  series  siiKilj,  bugiiiuiiig  tm  distinct  rows  of  spiuouB  plAt»« 
about  opposite  Ti  nt,  with  an  iinpurfeet  row  of  Huntller  apinnnt)  plateo  W- 
twei;n  them  and  the  vent  on  each  side,  and  converging  Nnvard  unal.  Th«>y 
pntw  iitrnig  aideH  of  anal,  remain  distinct  to  about  the  eighth  pair  of  pl»te« 
behind  una),  and  unite  in  a  nitigb-  intMliuu  plat^'  with  u  douhb'  .spine ;  from 
thiR  platit  lo  riiiHUl  the  rows  nru  .again  distinct,  the  platicR  alternating 
tnst-end  of  «tandiiig  ojumsite  eaeh  other;  the  snjierior  and  inferior  later«l 
sories  begin  as  diatinet  rows  of  spinuna  plates  abont  opposite  middle  of 
(irsi  ilursal,  diverge  to  about  front  of  seeond  dorsal,  anil  eouverge  tiiward 
b,i«e  of  caudal ;  the  plates  elongated  vertieally,  their  spino-'*,  ritting 
abruptly  from  their  eentfirs,  are  strnng,  thii'k.  blunt,  curved ;  about  S7 
plates  in  inferior  and  35  in  snperior  longitndinal  row;  between  th»m  lies 


'  IMscnnsin ;  Umly  iro<tornl<<lv  (ilcnilcr,  nomprri'swl.  itn  wiillli  )«)twefti  Hi' 
2  in  ili'|illi  lit  •iiiii<<  pliu'i-:  J  riiwn  ut'  HliiinK  iniil  2  i>f  wi>uk  Hiiiiir*  iiUin),'  >••<■ 
ntiil  a  inoilifiji  lotorni  rtiw  of  siiiiieleHfi  jilnteia.  Uond  41..  rrfO]»er»'iiJ«r  nyu 
liiliil  xiiiiio  liilHTi-iiliir.  (Sii|in«K'iilHr  riil^'n  ex|MUii1rs)  iiilo  ii  tnmigiiliir  >' 
liil<'rull>  liir  lieyonil  evi>  mill  rmllii);  l>liiiitly;  noorniiiUI  HpiiK'st.  Itaek  > 
iiri)>i>.  Klmt  <l<'>riwil  Rfiort,  lieKiniiiiii!  nt  mipe.  Pliiteit  in  dorsHl  Hirirn  -i.l  I  . 
iliiriiiiln  (fnini  lu«t  »]iino  lo  IItnI  rax)  14  iiair«  fli  |i.iir»  lirlworn  I'lirt  nf  mpiiih 
lUirHul  1111(1  Unit  TKy  oi'  m^'tuiil  (tornnl.  NuRikl  spiii«>N  (itiArii.  fur  uparl,  iit  lip  n( 
iiicftinn  ritAtriii  p]flt■l^-  Gill  iii(*iiiliriuioji<  iinit<Ml,  fnr  rrinn  UtIiiiitiH.  'leolh  n-  - 
»»•  inwH  mill  nil  riiiiior;  none  on  piilnliiicK.  \'»ut  Imtwi-iii  J  nml  i  iIJhIai' 
tuuunl  Color  fin  Hpirilx)  •"ol<l  ivory,'  with  tirowii  pudlirn  tin  <ilili»»  1  iiii' 
1  li<'lwi-i.'u  iliimalH,  1  iiikIit  aecuuii  diirBttl,  2  ur3  uu  iiedouclo.    B.  0:  1  U.  b    . 

IM2;  v.aa-aii  c.a-13-2. 


rty 


";j 


...  . 

•n'^n 

riifir  ol 

llr>t 

»noiil. 

N« 

!.r..,..l    I 

-tnU 

rm\ 

-*l. 

Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2035 


thi'  miMliau  lateral  nories,  bparing  tho  lateral  line,  with  a  nearly  ronlinu- 
ouH  ruw  of  38  or  %)  K|>iDcleiui  pUtti-ii  fT<im  bi-a<l  t<i  rHiiilHl  (h  few  of  tln'ni 
with  Rniiill,  blunt  tiiberrlt^R)  ilorsolateral  8crie«<  (-oiiiiinBi'd  of  aniall,  indis- 
tiiK't  )ilatc8  from  oi-i-iput  to  beyoml  iniddlo  of  firxt  ilnnuil,  wluTe  tho.v 
bocoiue  1ar|;i^.r  uud  spiuous;  plates  of  sis th.Boventli,  oi);btli,  iiiul  iiiii lb  pairs 
lieliiiiil  Intst  ray  of  iseoitKl  ilorsul  ilnMoly  ii])proxiniat«il,  but  not  fi>rnkiii)r 
siiif;1ci  median  plut<^(i:  from  ninth  ])!ilr  U>  osiidal  tho  plat«i«  of  the  2  rows 
ultt'mati.'  a«  on  ventral  8nrfar4>:  platcH  in  doreni  MrieA  43  to  15.  Tbern  aro 
altuoiit  roni|il»t«  Buries  of  small  plates,  altornating  with  thv  large  oueo, 
between  Hit*  dorso  and  Hupcrior  lateral  series,  li»twe«*n  the  superior  and 
median  lateral,  between  the  median  and  inferior  l»t«r:tl,  and  betwnun  tlio 
inferior  and  ventrolateral  Beries;  tbi«  mnltiplicatioti  by  interealation  of 
sm.'ill  plates  is  evident  all  o\er  the  body.  There  are  n"  lar^e,  but  niurier- 
nua  minut<*,  platex  in  front  of  and  on  base  of  pe<'toral<i.  (!ill  membranes 
pnHi.erinrly  anil  modially  widi  several  ratber  weak  pliiten  and  many  niinnte 
plate.-<  and  prickb^,  anteriorly  and  laterally  with  a  few  bmall  plitteH; 
nnderside  of  lower  jaw  with  ucmy  imjierfect  plates  or  strong  prickles; 
weaker  prickles  aloni;  the  braikihiosteual  rays.  Head  depres«ed  through- 
out, narrow  to  posterior  bonier  of  orbits,  behind  whieh  it  widens  rapidly. 
Depth  bi'hind  orbits  7,,  and  over  opercles  ),  of  width  atsatne  ])oint(«;  orbits 
InrKo,  oval,  4i  in  head,  far  forw  ard ;  interorbital  space  a  little  concavn,  very 
broad;  at  anterior  border  of  orbit*  wider  than  the  orbit  itself,  'i\  in  head; 
lit  )>oHterii)r  border  of  orbit. I'll  in  head.  Sujtraorbital  ridges  expanded 
iulfi  a  llat,  rriantriilar  shelf  projecting  upward  and  outward  over  eye  and 
ending  Idiintly .  <  •ccipit.iil  ridgcH  heavy,  low .  spineless,  forming  low  domcvs 
behind:  space  between  them  com-uve.  I'reorbital  with  about  'I  ridges 
radlulliig  from  the  anteriorinferior  border  of  orbit,  each  ending  in  ashort, 
broad,  plate-like  blunt  spine;  supraorbital  with  a  broad,  donie-l ike  tub<<r- 
cle;  preoperele  with  a  dorsoviMitrally  couipreesed  Hpioe;  below  this  3  suc- 
ressively  HMialler  blunt  spines:  abeek  below  orbit  and  enborbitiil  with  4 
or  ■'<  fairly  devidoped  and  many  minute  plates;  naN:il  spim-s  far  apart,  near 
tip  of  snout  sharp,  nearly  upright.  A  largt>  niembraneiMis  nasal  tube;  a 
short.,  llap-like  barl>el  at  tip  of  each  tnavillarv;  mucous  pore.«  of  lower 
jaw  with  llap-like  borders.  Mouth  small,  terminal ;  no  median  rostral 
plate;  maxillary  reaching  a  littlo  beyond  front  of  orliit;  angle  of  jaw 
prominent,  tubercular.  hoisals  far  apart  < about  14  pairs  of  plates 
between  last  spine  and  lirst  ray;  !)  p.tirs  from  end  of  llrst  dorxal  mem- 
brane to  first  ray),  the  first  u  short  distance  behind  u<'ciput,  itn  spinet* 
very  rough  (like  the  rays  of  all  the  tins),  with  minute  prickles  or  plates; 
\ta  leathery  membrane  also  rough;  siiines  C,  transversely  brond  at  banc, 
the  fonrtb  longi:»l..  2  in  bend;  biMo  of  »ecoud  dorsal  about  Ij  in  that  of 
Urst  dorsal;  rays  7,  the  tltir<l  longoeit,  nboiit  \\  in  head;  distance  betwei'n 
ibirsals  :ibont  ei|nul  to  li;is(>  of  lirst  dorsal ;  anal  beginning  almnt  'i  plates 
ill  front  of  serniid  ibirsal;  rays  X.  tlicliftli  Inugest;  tho  iiienibnine  nolchcil, 
the  distal  third  of  the:i:iiit«rinr  raysuMuTted,  with  a  narrow  border  of  mem- 
brane; caudal  roiindeil.  iU  base  a  bo  n  I  2  in  its  length;  iicetornis  ilose  U> 
gill  openings,  \\  in  length  nl'biMly,  tli«ir  banc  sbniit  :{  in  their  length,  ravn 
a  little  cKserted ;  ventruls  (ninlej  less  than  2  in  pecturals,  the  inner  my 


2036         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 

longer,  8  in  body.  Lateral  line  with  about  11  pores  on  the  anterior  and 
about  9  on  posterior  part  of  body.  Gill  membranes  united,  free  from 
isthmns.  Teetli  on  jaws  and  vomer;  none  on  pahitines.  Color,  pale 
brownish  or  yellowish  ("old  ivory");  a  light-brown  crossbar  across  the 
back  ill  front  of  and  und<!r  first  dorsal,  narrowing  to  upper  end  of  base  of 
pectoral;  another,  of  irregular  outline,  passing  downward  and  forward  to 
posterior  side  of  base  of  pectoral ;  a  larger  one,  mostly  below  the  superior 
lateral  series,  behind  first  dorsal ;  1  under  second  dorsal,  and  3  on  peduncle, 
the  last  just  in  iront  of  base  of  caudal;  dorsal  fins  dusky,  with  small 
darker  patches;  first  dorsal  with  a  pale  oblique  bar  near  its  base;  distal 
half  of  caudal  dark,  its  tip  edged  with  lighter;  posterior  half  of  anal 
dusky ;  pectorals  marbled  with  yellowish  and  brown,  the  membrane  of  the 
distal  third  dusky,  with  paler  edge;  ventrals  pale;  4  or  5  brown  spots  on 
nape;  a  curved  band  of  brown  connecting  the  posterior  ends  of  the  occip- 
ital ridges,  another  between  the  latter  and  the  temporal  ridges,  and  a 
streak  extending  backward  from  posterior  border  of  orbit ;  brown  areas 
on  operele  and  preoperole.  Length  14J  inches.  North  Pacific;  Knril 
IMands  (Steller),  Gulf  of  Patience,  Island  of  Saghalien  (Tilesius),  Okhotsk 
Sea  (Dr.  Krauso);  not  known  from  Japan.  Here  described  from  a  speci- 
men from  Okhotsk  Sea  in  Coll.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.,  the  only  one  seen  since  the 
time  of  Pallas  and  Tilesius.  {japonicut,  from  Japan,  Japonia,  becauffe, 
according  to  Steller,  it  is  more  common  toward  the  south,  i.  e.,  in  Japan.) 

OoUiU  japonieui.  Pallas,  Spicilcgia  Zoologin,  vii,  30?  pi.  5,  figs.  1-3,1772,  dry  DpeclmeD, 

Kuril  Islands  (Coll.  (}.  W.  StoUer) ;  Tilesius,  Kru8rii«t«m'g  Reise  nm  die  Welt,  rv, 

pi.  87,  IMS. 
Agmttu eurilietn,TnxBrrB, Mfm.Acad.  St.  Potcrsb.,  iv,  1811, 416;  after PALLAsandSTKLLKR. 
Agonut  itegophthalmvt,  TiLEBirs,  Memoirs  Soc.  Natiiralists,  Moscow,  li,  219,  1809,  Gulf 

of  Patience,  Saghalien  Island ;  Tilesius,  M(-iu.  Acad.  St.  Fetersb.,  rv,  1811, 427,  pi.  12; 

OOntiieb,  Cat.,  11,214,1800. 
A$ititlo}>lionis  litx!a,  LA(f:ri-.i)E,  Ilist.  Nat.  des  Poisn.,  Ill,  1802;  aftor  Pai.Ijis. 
Aspiiloplionia  niperriUoni$,  CrviF.R  *.  Valk.nciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss..  rv,  215, 1829,  Kuril 

Islands;  after  Pam.as  and  'I'li.Esn  s. 
VereiKJaponictii,  Si'OPOLi,  lut.  Hint.  Nat.,  4,'>4, 1777. 

Agommiapo-iticun.  Ulocii  <fc  ScuxEiDPH,  Systeina  IcIithyoloKia,  105, 1801. 
PhalM iiriinles  jaj'Miicui,  PalIjIS,  Zmi;;.  KosHo-Asint .,  Ill,  112, 1811. 
JlippoerithalKS  tuperciliotiis,  .Swainson.  Nat.  IUrI.  I'islies.  otc,  II,  272, 1839. 
llippocrphatuu  japowcvs,  .JoitUAN  Jc  (jILBEUT,  Synopsis,  723, 1883 ;  CnAMER,  Proc.  Cal.  Ac. 

Sci.  1804,  IM,  witU  figure. 

760.  AGONOMALUS,  Gniohenot. 

Aitnnomahi;  GririiEXOT,  Mom.  Sor.  Sci.  Niit.  d<- <'lierlioiiig,  IX,  1866,  252,  pi.  9  (probofei- 
ilalit). 

Head  and  body  stronj^fly  compressed,  the  l.ittcr  entirely  ai-mcd  with 
angular  osseous  ])lates.  Teeth  execssivdy  .iniall  on  both  jaws,  none  on 
voiiu-r  or  palatines.  Dorsal  fins  separate;  a  long,  fle.shy  barbel  on  tip 
of  snout;  mouth  small ;  a  very  high,  broad,  Home  what  recurved  spine  or 
liony  projeetioii  above  each  orbit;  occipital  spines  not  prominent;  origin 
of  first  dorsal  aliovo  nape,  the  profile  fioiii  iiaj)!'  to  fin  very  steep;  pectoral 
rays  somewhat  exserted ;  gill  nieiubranes  probably  united  and  free  from 
isthmus.  Closely  related  to  ITp2>saijo>iii8.  (.Igonut;  6/ictXdi,  level,  even, 
or  Hat;  i.e.,  compressed.) 


Jordan  and  Evermann, — Fishes  of  North  America,     2037 


MH.  ACOXOljitCH  PROIiORnD.au  (TaknelemiM). 


Ilfijcht  of  body  5^  in  loUl  IfOKtli;  d^tiaUxst  ^ridth  of  nbdomuii  f;  of 
Lfigbt.  Br.  6;  D.  VUl,  «;  A.  12;  I*.  11;  V.  3  (I,  2);  C.  2-U-:.'.  Itody 
sk-uder,  coiupreHisetl.  Side  of  body  tbruii{;bout  ita  length  witb  ^  rows  of 
spinous  plates,  I  abovv  nnd  1  bi-luw  laU'rul  I'iik-,  th<-  pliiti-s  uvul,  riidiiilly 
striated,  tbo  (ipin<3»  bi^h,  L'Urvnd,  coIupr^a8ed  upon  middin  of  plates. 
IWbind  peotorul  girdle,  lictwoun  llr»t  pliiten  of  sii|M)rior  and  iuforiAr 
BpiuoiiH  8i'rie.i,  Si  circular  atriitted  plate  witb  a  suiitll  opine;  »  small  Mpino 
upou  II  p1iit«oii  tho  pectoriil  Kirdli-  .■ilmvt<  insertion  of  ]Hictoritl  tin.  Sides 
lietwei'U  liit«rnl  .spiuoiiK  Bcrioa  a  littla  couc.ive.  Tbo  ruunili-d,  Konicwiiiit 
jironiiuvut  abduiiien  with  itiiuill  Ktiiiited  plates  armed  witb  low  Mnut 
tiilieri'lcs.  rrolili-  of  IxMly  risiUK  verticully  behind  uiipu  :>nd  uodur  first 
spiue  of  lirat  dorsal,  rumtin^  in  a,  stnki^ht  line  to  second  dorsal,  rising  u 
little  under  tbis  fiu,  and  desceudiug  gradually  tu  eaudal.  Inferior  prolilu 
neiirly  reetilinear.  Head  small,  comprcstged,  witb  a  tbiok  louii;  median 
Imi'bel  at  tip  of  snout;  supraocular  ridjjes  bi);;li,  paseinK  down  anterior 
Itorder  of  orbit;  tbe  supiaoi-alarsinues  ]urj;e.  flat,  tbin;  interorUital  t<puee 
deeply  couonve,  witb  a  Huiall  louKitutliiml  ridge;  nasal  sjiiuea  present :  a 
|iair  of  occipital  spines  present;  also  n  suprascapnlar  tulterele;  none  on 
opeicle,  but  a  largo,  obluug,  eonipressed  spine  on  preopcrulu  and  1  on 
suborbital;  eye  large,  oireular,  1  in  bead.  Tbo  preorhitiil  witb  ridges, 
ending  ut  its  lower  border  in  strong  dcntieulatiouM.  Moutb  Huiall:  lower 
JBW  sborter  than  the  upper;  tv«'tli  excesNirely  suiitll;  none  on  palatines. 
Spine.*  of  first  dorsal  l:i.ige,  curved,  and  liigber  timn  the  body  beneath 
tliem;  seiond  dorsal  lower,  its  rays  strong  and  curved;  anal  very  long; 
caudal  narrow  and  rounded;  iKictoral  very  large,  its  longest  rayx  eijual  to 
longest  Hptnes  of  tirst  dornnl;  ruyH  Minipio  and  rougb;  vuutruli*  suiall. 
Lateral  Hue  indicited  by  n  series  of  Kinall  lon;;iludinnl  "traits"  set  oifou 
naked  spued  bi-tweini  tbe  'J  longitudinal  series  of  lar^e  spinous  plates  (after 
Valenciennes;.  Guiebenot  f«ays  tbe  total  length  is  seanely  Cj  inehea 
(Iti  em.).  His  tignre,  whieli  seems  to  lie  good,  furni>ibes  tbe  following 
facts:  About  7  plate.- of  the  rtnperior  lat4T8l  series  bi'tween  tbe  ailjacent 
ruys  of  ltr>t  and  S4-eond  dur.-als.  and  about  2  l>«twe«u  posterior  ed^o  of 
membrane  of  lirst  dorsal  and  llrsl  ray  of  second  dorsal;  10  plates  Iroui 
last  ray  of  second  dorsal  to  buHu  of  caudal.  A  suuiU  but  distinct  tubeicle 
or  spine  posteriorly  at  b.-t8>-  of  supraocular  spine.  Oeeipital  vpiDe  appar- 
ently vei-y  close  to  ole\  ated  part  of  biu-k,  but  <liistinct;  in  front  of  its  baH« 
a  small  but  distinct  tuliercle.  as  in  Uyptaiionun  iinadricomit.  Spines  of 
lirat  dorsal  all  cxscrted,  tho  tint  for  about  ^  of  its  loiigth;  all  rays  of 
anal  exsorted,  tbo  anterior  3  or  4  for  about  |  of  tboir  length;  posterior 
unni  rays  (except  the  last)  longe.<<t;  all  laya  of  pectoral  eoiiNidernbly 
exserted  (about  i  of  their  length);  27  spinous  plates  in  tbo  Keriee  above 
latt«ral  line,  ',M  in  the  series  below  lateral  line.  Oue  specimen  known, 
taken  in  1  of  the  coves  of  tbe  I'oit  of  the  Kiuperor  Nicolas.  Jiulf  of  Tar- 
tary  i;Nicid»e\-sl<,  imoiih  of  Amur  Kiver,  wont  of  tbe  Islaufl  of  Sagbalii-o  i 
(ttuiobenot.)  iprvliuiviiUilit,  bearing  a  proboscis;  in  allusion  to  tbo  prouii- 
Ucut  barbel  on  snout.; 


2030         DuUcUn  /7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


longer,  8  in  body.     Lateral  line  with  kbout  11  pores  on  the  anterior  sud 
ftbont  9  on  posterior  part  of  body.     Gill   nicinbrnnes   united,   fre«  froin 
iHtbiiins,     Teeth   on  jaws   iind  vomer;  none  on  palatines.      Color,  pair 
browniitb  or  yi-Uovrieh  ("old  ivory");  a  liglit-brown  rross  bar  arrows  the 
buck  ill  front  of  and  iiutlcT  liist  dorsal,  narrowinjj  to  iiitpi-r  end  of  bnse  »f 
pectoTiil;  another,  of  irroj;iilar  outline,  pos-sing  downward  an«l  furwiird  bt 
posterior  side  of  base  of  iicitoral ;  a  larj^er  one,  mostly  below  the  Bnp«rinr 
lateral  series,  iMibitid  tirstdorsiil ;  1  under Hecnnddonuil.  and  Sou  p«daiicle, 
tbo  loat  ju.st  in  front  of  ba»e  of  cuudal;  dorsal  fins  dusky,  with  small 
d:irkiT  piitohi's;  first  dorsal  with  a  pale  oblti|ne  biir  nrar  it«  bii«e;  ditital 
half  of  caudal  dark,  ita  tip  od^ud  with  ligbti-r;  posterior  half  of  anal 
dtislty  ;  pcctorali*  iiv!irld<id  with  yf1lowi.>.b  and  brown,  the  membrane  «>f  tbr 
distnl  third  ducky,  with  p.ih  c  "idKe;  veiitruls  jiale;   I  or  5  brown  »pol«  on 
nnpe;  a  curved  Imud  of  lirown  connecting  the  pontorior  ends  of  the  occip- 
ital ridnPH,  aiiothiT  between  the  bitter  and  the  temporal   ridgOM,  und  a 
streak  extendiiifj  backward  from  [w>«t(->rior  border  of  orbit;  brxitrn  area* 
nil  opon-le   and    prcoperrh".     Li^ii)j;th    Hi  inrhef*.      North    I'acifio;    Rnril 
IflaiidH  (Sti'l1er),Giilf  of  I'ntieiK'p,  island  of  .Saghalii*n  (TilosinB).  OblintHk 
Sea(l'r.  Krnnsc*);  tiot  kiiuwn  from  Japan.     Here  dtiscribeil  from  a  speci- 
jn<>n  from  Okhntsk  Sea  in  roll.  Cal,  Ac.  Sci.,  tho  only  one  aeon  «i»ii-e  the 
time  of  Pallas  and  Tilfsiiis,     (japonicu*,  from  .lapau,  .Iaponi»,  bvcatud-, 
aoconlingto  Steller,  it  is  more  common  toward  the  sonth,  i.  e.,  in  Japan.  1 

Oollut  japi»ii<fui.  Vallxm.  S|iii-llef;ia  Znologin,  vn.  Mr  pi.  Ti,  flg«.  1-3, 1772,  dry  (t|<«>«<lBii-n 

Kuril  Itlands  (Cull.  (!.  W.  StclU't) :  TlLEBir*.  Krimi'iiitleni's  ReUe  lira  alio  Welt,  l» 

pl.BT.  Irtl3. 
ili;(>ritM<i(n7fciiJ,Tii.Mirg,  M''tn.Aca<I.St.PeterBli.,  IV,  lKlI,41S;an«rrAU.A«aa<lSTKLt>.it 
AgonuM  iteQoyhthnlmuf,  TiLEHim,  Meiiioini  Soc.  NMtiiralista.  Moscow,  ii,  210,  IWlil,  CuK 

of  Patience,  Saghalien  Island ;  TlLMms,  Htm.  Acad.  St.  Pet«rib.,  iv,  ISll,  427.  (1 1]; 

iJCtmiKli.  Cat.,  11,21*.  1K60. 
Atyidophonm  tin:ii.  l,ACf:pf.liK,  Illat.  Nnt.  ilcn  Pnloa.,  HI,  1W2;  aftor  PaLIJIS. 
Artriilojilmrui  niptrcilio^tif,  L'C7ViEB  Sl  V^LtNCicmcKg,  Hist.  Nat.  Pulaa..  IV,  21S,  1829,  Kuril 

Islands:  af)«r  Pallab  ami  Tilemitci. 
I'erei* jnpnniaa,  ScoHou,  lut.  HlHt.  Nat.,  454, 1777. 

AijanuijapuiiuvJi.  Hloch  A  Scux«ll>KR,  Systema  Ichtbyologia,  105. 1601, 
rhal'iis'»t''''}cp<""''^t",  Pai.i>8,  Zoog.  Runao-Aiiat..  Ill,  112, 1811. 
IlippocrphalHH  ttiptrciUotuA,  SWAlNflON,  Nut  Uiat  FlaliiNi.  st<^„  11,372,  I33B. 
nippocetihnhit  japonirrif,  JuUDAN  Si  OoaBttT,  Synopaia,  723, 1093;  CBAMn,  Pmo.  GaL  At. 

Sol.  UM,  IM,  with  tlguTK. 

760.  AGONOMALUS,  Qnichenot. 
AjioM&maUu,  nriCBSXOT,  Hem,  Sac.  Sci.  Vat  dc  Cherlwnr;,  tx,  1864,  2S3,  pL  g  tpr«boti». 

Hea<l  and  body  strongly  compressed,  the  latter  entirely  armed  xritli 

angular  ossefios  platew.  Teeth  osc<^8B)v<dy  small  ou  both  Jaws,  none  on 
voiiiiT  or  piilatinps.  iHvrsal  fins  8r-parnt<>;  n  long,  fleshy  barbel  on  tip 
of  siioiil  ;  inniith  small;  a  very  high,  broad,  somowhnt  recurved  spine  or 
liony  prnjt'i'tioii  above  each  orbit;  ni-iipital  8])iiies  not  prominent;  origin 
of  lli'st  diir.Hril  aliovo  nape,  tlio  prolile  from  iiapi-  to  )jn  very  steep;  pcctofut 
rays  Bonicwbat  exsiTtcd ;  till  iiM'iiiliranes  probably  united  and  fri<e  frun 
iHtlimiit).  Cbwly  related  to  Hyptnyonut.  (Jgonii$;  6f40iXdtt  leroli  even. 
urtlat;  i. e.,  cumpresaed.) 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2037 


S8W.  AllOXOaALITS  PKODOSCIDALIS  (Valeneieooea>. 

ITfight  of  bodj'  r>t  ill  total  Joofjtli;  jtroatcst  width  of  abdomen  f;  oT 
heiglit.  Ur.  ti;  D.  VIII,  li;  A.  12;  \\  11;  V.  3  (I,  2);  C.  2-11-2.  Hody 
sleudor,  eompresseil.  Side  of  body  tbroiijjLoul  ita  leiitftU  \v\t\i  2  rows  of 
njtinouB  plateH,  1  abovu  and  1  lii'luvv  latcnil  liui-,  thr  philrs  uvmI,  rudiidly 
dtriuted,  tbt)  .Hpitiua  bi^^h,  curvud,  Ccitupressed  iipnu  )iiiddk>  of  phiteH. 
Bi^biiid  jiectoral  girdle,  butwei<ii  ilnt  ])l:iles  nf  Hiiperior  niid  infoiior 
spinouH  scrieM,  a  circular  striitted  pbite  with  a  hiiiiiII  ttpine;  a  small  Hpino 
upou  II  pliite  oil  tbo  t'tctoral  girdle  ;il)ovi<  iuNertiiui  «f  poctorul  (in.  Sidea 
betw<H>u  lutaml  spiuim.s  Hfriua  a  tittle  concave.  Tbo  rcmnib'd.  isnnivwbat 
priitiiiuc'ut  iibdoiiieii  w  itb  bui:i1]  wtriatwl  jjJiiteB  ;irined  with  low  liiiint 
tnbrnles.  I'mlib'  of  liody  rising  vertically  brfaiad  iiapc  atid  nmler  firet 
(ipiuu  uf  tii'Ht  dorsal,  riiiiiiiu;;  ju  a  8ti'ui){bt  liut^  to  ai'iiiiul  dur.sal,  rising  u 
littlu  itiidurtbia  tin,  uud  dmuoudiiig  ^rradually  to  i-aiidiil.  Inferinr  prnlilu 
liwuly  r^sitilinear.  Head  small,  oimiprosscd,  wilb  ii.  tbick  loii^  mudiau 
barbel  at  tiji  ofniioiit;  aii]>rau<;nlur  rldKcx  liiifli,  pa8«iii)^'  donu  aiitoior 
bordr'iof  orbit;  tbf  snpiaooiilar  spines  larire,  tiat,  lliin;  iuterorliital  i<pai-e 
di't'ply  (■iiiicavf,  with  a  small  lun^'itiidiiud  ridgu;  uusal  8i>iuo8  pretujut;  a 
pair  of  occipital  spineH  prvaout;  iil.>i-u  u  HU|iraHca|>iilfir  tubercle;  liouo  uu 
ope-rde.  but  a  larj^o,  obluug,  ('iiui|>rcB8tid  spiiio  on  preoperclo  and  1  on 
suborbital;  eye  large,  circular,  4  in  head.  The  pronrbital  with  ridges, 
eudint;  at  itu  luwur  butdi'i-  in  strong  doiitiiciilatiouN.  Moiitb  huiuII;  lower 
jrtw  Hborter  thjni  the  tipjier;  teeth  exct'Hsivdy  small;  none  on  pal;itiii<>«, 
.Spiuf'H  iff  tir.Nt  doTBitl  largi>,  curved,  and  bigher  than  the  body  beneath 
tbom;  pieirind  dorsal  lower,  itH  raya  Htrong  and  curved;  anal  vt^ry  long; 
caudal  narrow  and  ronnib'd;  pectoial  veiy  largu,  itit  biiigcst  ray^  e(|iial  to 
longest  wpinea  of  (irst  dorsal;  rayx  ximplo  and  rou^b ;  voutralM  8m;i)l. 
Lateral  line  iudicatt>d  bj  n  Mericg  of  small  kmnitudinal  "traits"  si-t  <i(l'  on 
uaki'ii  Hpacc  lictwucn  the:^  luuuitudinat  ticrios  of  large  .s])in»ns  plates  (aftur 
Valoncieiinea)  Guicbenot  says  the  total  length  is  acarcoly  6;  incbtw 
(It)  cm.).  Ilia  fignre,  which  NoeuiH  to  bo  good,  farniMhea  tho  following 
facta:  About  7  pbite^  of  the  superior  bift-ral  scries  between  tho  tt<t.iaieiit 
rayti  of  lir»t  aaid  second  dor-tala,  and  about  2  betwi-en  posterior  edge  of 
tneiubrane  id'  firut  (lipiual  uiul  first  ray  of  second  doraal;  10  plate^i  froui 
luot  ray  of  accoud  doraal  to  ba.su  of  caudal.  A  amall  but  distinct  tubercle 
or  Hpiue  posteriorly  at  baac  of  Bi])iraocuIar  apiiie.  Occipital  Kpine  appar- 
ently very  close  to  elevated  part  of  back,  but  distinct;  in  front  of  its  bas^ 
a  small  but  distinct  tulu-rcle,  tvt  in  HiipHu;ionus  qnadrhovnu.  fsjdnes  of 
first  iloraal  all  exserti'd,  tho  lirat  for  abont  i  of  ita  length;  alt  raya  of 
anal  cxaerted,  the  anterior  3  or  1  for  about  i  of  their  length;  posterior 
anal  rays  (except  the  last}  longent;  all  raya  of  pectoral  i-onriidi'rably 
esaerted  (about  \  of  their  b-ngth);  27  apinoiL-i  plates  in  tho  scries  above 
lateral  lino,  8U  in  the  Herica  below  lateral  tiuc.  One  specimen  known, 
taken  in  1  of  the  coves  of  the  I'ort  "f  tho  Emperor  Niinbin,  (Jiilf  of  Tar- 
tnry  (Niccdatn-sk,  month  «>f  Amur  River,  wokI.  of  thi<  Isl.ind  nf  S.-i):;halicn). 
(Guiobenot.)  (jM-c'>o»d(l'((b>,  bearing  a  probu«ciB ;  La  ullusiuu  totke  pruuii- 
uent  barbel  on  auuuti) 


2088         Bulletin  4j,  United  Stales  National  Museum. 


Atpitlophorvt  proboteidalit,   Valcncikioces,  CaiupUM  Kendua  de   I'AiMiil.  dea  iJcjiAa 

X1.VI1,  1040,  1658,  Port  of  Emperor  Nicolas  (Nicolacvsli  i.  Gulf  of  Tartary. 
AgotUHnahi*  pnbauitlalU,  (it'H'HK.MiiT,  M/m.  8o<:.  Si'i.  Nut.  Clif^rhonix,  ISA},  SM.  ]d.  t) 
Saovaok,  Kuuv.  Arcli.  Muwiioi  Bint-  Nat.,  Pwia  (2),  i,  lile,  tS7. 


761.  HYPSAGONUS,  GiU. 

//i/pfa^nntui,  Gnj^^  Prw.  Ac.  NAt.Sfi.  I'lilla.  I8AI,2r<li  (i/iiadruamw). 

Chfirayviitu,  ilKii/jWdTKiK,  RuU.    Aca»l.  liuii.    Soi.  <l«  St.  X'ct«r»b.,   3rin    isuo  lie.  (^rs. 
cKaiM  —  '/uadriromij)  - 

"Roily  coinprMswl,  clevat«il,  depth  ^renter  than  leii^h  of  bea«],  inotv 
llinn  i  n{  budv  ;  lieud  hiuuII,  Hi-paruted  froiii  lir»t  doi-Hal  Uy  a  vt-rr  deep 
iiiirluil  itepression  ;  top  of  liAiul  very  Diiovcn,  1  paii  of  laryo  sitnrMornlar 
and  I  piiirui'  Itir^c  orripital  Hpines,  Htroiiu,  liliiiit:  lunnlli  rfniiinul,  ja«r» 
about  ei|iial.  a  lar>;e  harlicl  or  none  at  tiji  ut'  Htunit;  teeth  oq  Jmw!<.  uonu 
on  voiniT  <ir  pal!lt^llt"^;  j;ill  nieuilironcs  united,  frri)  fmni  iMhniiiB;  acali-a 
or  plates  Uirse,  radially  striattnl,  wilL  :i  <'entral  spiuo  <»r  tiilien-le;  'J  row* 
«f  Htroug  ftud  2  id"  w(.*,iker  spjiii-N  alonj;  sid«  of  Ixxly;  dorsal  fin  long, 
high,  lieginiiiii;;  imitiedinluly  beliind  nape,  thit  mplnex  Htron^;,  tb«  Kr»t  wr- 
riitcd;  pectorals  short,  proi-urrrnt,  thi>  lower  H  or  !>  rays  free;  veutraln 
fliuAll;  veut  uesirly  halfway  betwcou  ventraln  uiid  aual.  (t'pt-  Iiigfa* 
Jgonut.) 

IMO.  HIPSAIiOMia  (JLAllRKOBMS-  (Cnvier  &  Talnici«iiiiM). 

Br.  6;  D.  IX  to  XI  (rarely  IX,  usually  X),  6  or  7;  A.  9  or  10;  P.  IS  or  II; 

V.  3  (I,  2);  C.  13;  vrrt.'briK  /.  (36).  Pylori.-  ou-oa  5  (2  individaaUj 
Body  ntroiigly  ooiiiiirosse<l  Ihroiighout.  its  length.  Abdouieii  Hwollt<o 
(lunch  luss  in  male  tkuii  fnniaU>j  ubont  ,'„  of  tliu  depth,  the  latter  3  to  II 
(n.iiiull.v  aluiiitl)  in  the  lenj;tli ;  Itody  much  narniutT  under  acHnod  dor- 
sal, only  about  J  of  ili|itli.  Back  rlMcB  almost  ]iur]»enf1i<'ularly  behind  the 
ijiijiH.  slnpus  downward  to  tsid  of  iirst  dorsal,  rises  gently  to  base  «i  *»<■ 
0111I  dotetal,  then  sinks  and  risen  again  to  bnfie  of  caudal ;  ventral  «nllini> 
<;tMitty  couvi<\.  I'liiies  distrjbiitt'il  in  general  as  in  the  other  A};oiiui(U, 
litit  witli  nnmy  deviatiun»<  in  detail.  Interspaces  uiciiibruiiacpons,  Ktiidded 
■with  a  variable  nnnibcr  of  Hinall  plates;  Vent  nearly  hiilt'way  betwe<-u 
ventrals  an<I  aual,  the  luemlirane  between  it  and  ventraLs  with  8(-»tt«red 
plati's;  plat«'s  of  vcntmlatcral  series  snjiill,  the  spines  t>bort,  bliinr, 
.Htnnige«t  from  vent  to  anal;  those  of  the  inferior  lat<'ra  I  eerieN  chmgnti-il 
vertically,  beginning  bt^hiud  iniddli-  of  base  of  peclnraU,  with  lonir, 
Btrong,  enrved  spines,  wliieh  rise  abruptly  frnui  the  center  of  the  platr*. 
growing  siiia!ler  poBterinrly,  uiiniito  at  base  of  enndnl,  their  uiimlMT  vair- 
ing  from  2S  tu  'M.     The  series  of  the  lateral  line  couaiste  of  7  to  !l  plate* 

'UiacniMiii:  Budy  aliort.  murli  lurnprcaM-il  lbmii];liuaL  it*  whole  louKtli;  it«  grcMcM 


■ImnK  Rptno  oliovo  Imoc  nf  wcloral;  licnd  Sj;  jtrBopeniilar  (•iiI-.  j 
l>iur  lor)jL' «>c-ci[ii(«I  »i)iTn-«,  ."irouE  niid  bliin 


lnr<;K  8ii|iriio<-uliir  aud  1  jisur  lur^^L-  uc-clpiial  spiui-a,  .oiruug  niid  Glun 

vuttMJ  iK'Idiid  u:i|it';   tirHt  dorsal  l^niip,  bij;li.   nef:iuuiM|;  il11al^'diaU^l^  .r8 

lowi>r  rav»  uf  pii-liirnl  tri'>>;  ]ilttlc»  ill  duritul  i»i>rii'»  oImmiI  XI  tn  3.^;  I"'  ,1,1 

5;  iiBiially  n  ajiikU^  linrliel  h(   liji  nf  Hnniit  ■.    no  iiii'diaii   ru.stral   |)l^  ;ir« 

lirouilly  niiit<^l,  fri-i' from  IstliiniiB:  tin  lH!th  on  vimier  nr  paliitlnt»:  ^'  i? 
Iiftwcrii  voutrul*  and  anal.    Color,  front  linlf  of  IkmIv  blackiab  vtolrl  1  \:u>al>i,.|,  Itiudac 

tiuLT  palv,  yelluwiali,  Willi  :i  ur  3  iinmiw  dark  baoda ;  caudal  villi  dark  baud  dUUii^ . 


Jordan  and  Evtrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2039 


(siiDietiiiKtH  varvin;;  cm  tbo  2  slides  of  tlie  Haiiic  iiiiitiiul),  tli«  first  2  (occn- 
Bioriall,v  the  lirst  3)  very  lar^L>,  HU])|ilying  ihu  lack  of  plutcH  tu  the  Hiij>e< 
rior  latcrnl  HorieH  ]int«riuiiy  siiitl  soinotimcH  iipintrojiMy  rariiiiiig  a  part  ■  if 
tUia  florics,  tkcii' 8piiie»  lou)i,  Htri>u^>  :iu(l  ciirveil;  rviiinitiiiii^  5  or  6  pliilen 
(listributi-(l  i(t  vjiryiii^  iliHtitiiccs  aluiif;  («i<]t>  of  body,  Biiiall,  but  BOiiiL'tiinu«i 
|irovidi-d  «  itli  siiiall  spiiica;  the  Hiiperinr  IntiTiil  .si-rics  by^tuB  iiinler  filioiit 
tlio  sevcntli  Hiiiiiu  of  tirst  ilorsul  iiiul  runs  in  »  8tTni;;lit  line  tu  cnmlnl,  tbu 
•  [lilies  a  liltli'  mcuuIIui'  tlinii  tliiiBir  uf  tlii<  inrcrior  lateral  Hcries,  iiihI  viiry 
fntiii  25  to  27  ill  iniiiiLier  (|iliia  thu  2  nr  'A  ]ilitti?ti  of  the  lateral  liiiu  whi-n 
they  :i]ipcar  tu  bilmij;  to  this  Hcrie»>.  Tlio  doraolattral  seric!*  i>e;;in8 
heliiiid  iircipjtiil  Hpiim  iiml  fulkavs  uiitliiie  of  liaik  i-Ioh«  iimli-r  ilorsnln,  'X\ 
til  Xt  jiiiirs;  jihit^'H  8iu:rj|,  \\\t\i  t\\\>vtv\v»  nr  liltiut  Hpiui-M.  Hftwooii  tUo 
ilorHiiluteriil  acricH  iiiid  tbu  Itasu  uf  ciu-li  dorsal  liu  ih  it  Hiippli'int-ntikry 
seriuN  of  very  Hiiiall  tiilii-rriilatt'd  jilntcH  or  |)ricklert;  tbciw-  tiinler  tlie 
aiiteriiir  fiii  B<iiiietiiiit''h  Ii<m'o)iic  upiiaiviitly  I'oiitiiinoiiH  with  the  dorno- 
Intei'.il  BorUw,  i  rriwdiii;;  tlio  iinleriur  pbito.s  of  tbr  lattor  ilnwinvanl ;  ivbout 
5pair8  belwfiTi  dnrsai  tins.  LtrLiiid  iH'itoral,  between  the  iuft-rior  lat- 
it;»I  si-rii'M  and  thr  largi-  ujiUTior  ]H>rt'  jilati'j)  there  are  usually  2  or  'A  platt's, 
uf  wlitch  1  »i  2  aoiiit'timcji  bi'ar  iidliiito  ajtiDeM;  I  iiliiU-  tv'illi  a.  lar^e,  strung 
Spine  Jast  above  bsifie  of  ])ertori)l;  none  in  front  of  the  tin,  wUii-b  '\*  cIoko 
to  K'll  opeiiinjf.  No  plates  on  branchiostojral  inciubraueH  or  luwrr  jaw. 
llejul  tonipresm'il,  buoiit.  3J;  iiearlj'  as  wide  an  high  aornss  preopercle, 
luiit'h  iiarrowi'r  under  orltitr^.  Orbits  laryis  fivritlar,  bij^h  up,  3  iu  bead. 
IntiTiirbilal  Hgiace  vvidu  behind,  tuii('}i  narniwcr  in  fnnit,  coiicnvr'*,  supra- 
orbital ridfjes  high,  shelviuj*  mi)  wan)  over  eyt-,  KudiuK  in  Htriini;;  Hpiiies 
dircii-led  nutward,  u|nvar<l,  and  »  littlu  backward,  in  front  of  the  biis<^  of 
whii'li  thori'  i»  a  very  Mniall  <»iu\  nsimlly  in  flio  form  i>f  a  tubercle  of  vari- 
ablo  Hi/o  (niortt  diHlint't  in  the  youuff).  Pn'^wrUital  with  2  or  3  ridfteHradi- 
atitiK  from  aiiteriiir  iuferior  bnrdcr  of  orbit,  its  edge  aciilloped ;  tiaboihitul 
with  iistroiif;.  compressed  npiun  jirojectiufj  nearly  at  a  ri^ht  angle;  pro- 
operclo  with  a  strntig,  coinini'ssed,  curved  npino,  and  below  it  2  or  3  l1at- 
tened  Muialler  ones;  uasjil  apiiu-H  strorifi.  curved,  Heparate,  somewhat 
divergiug;  1  or  2  or  no  jdatex  on  lower  part  of  chook;  no  median  roHtral 
]datu.  Murbi'l  at  tip  of  Hnoiit,  above  prciuaxillaiie.-i,  varying  niucb  iu 
leD^lh,  fre<|Ucutly  entirely  absent.  Month  sniali,  tenuiual;  mitxilli«ry 
reaching  front  of  orbit.  Teelh  on  jaws;  none  on  vomer  or  paluttnoB. 
Angle  of  jaws  ]irinniuet)t,  tnbcrcniar.  (.Jill  menibranea  broadly  united, 
free  fnuu  i.stliuiuB.  FirHt  dorsal  ahont  '1\  tinicH  aH  long  as  second,  high, 
itM  spiiit^s  strong.  ue;irly  upright,  the  first  very,  and  some  of  the  others 
Bomcwhut,  griiniilatod  or  beset  with  prickles;  the  anterior  Bpines  bnt  iittli> 
oxBerteil;  niendiriine  strctchpiL  Second  dorMil  low,  its  rays  still;  caudal 
nearly  trnncatp,  its  width  at  base  about  Iji  in  length;  oiuil  long,  bi'giti- 
ning  nndiT  posterior  end  of  llifll  dorsal  and  ending  opposite  posterior  end 
of  aecoud  dorsal;  2  or  'A  of  the  posterior  rays  (except  ttn'  bust)  longest,  all 
the  rays  niutli.  th*?  auterior  more  than  half,  exserled ;  ventrals  of  female  8 
or  il  in  length  of  bod\  ;  in  niiilo  longer,  C  to  7^^  in  body  length.  Abdoiii- 
ina)  region  tnuub  swollen  in  female.  Lateral  line,  pores  15  tn  lit.  in  pairs, 
except  the  lirst.     Vent  nearly  halfway  between  veutrala  and  anal.     Color 


SMt.  STELLKRIITA  XTOSTKRNA*  (Jvnlui  A  Gilbert ). 

B.6;  D.  VI  ur  VlI-6;  A.  H  i.r  it;  P.  17  to  1»;  V.  S  (I,  2) ;  C.  I.   11,  1 ;   Uf? 
vral  Hue  36.     Uoiiy  HlijiLtly  iic[>reai<cd  iu  front,  su*  lii^U  t\a  witU*  nnilcr  Ant 
doraiil,  8-lti'dral,  auUtcivtc,   thi!  fuceti   but   littl<i  •■•■uciivo;    tMil  dtmaitl* 
flepri'ssed,  lii's:i|.'iiu:il.     The  sbitrp,  slig-btly  curvetl  spiiifva  pre«ei]t  on  all 
tlio  {iliitra  iif  I'lirli  sBricM,  luit  luiiiiito  on  the  iiiediiin,  <l«i>:»l  nn<l  ventnl 
plutCM  of  I'iiudal  |if<|iiiii'tu;  the  superior  liitcntl  serii'H  beginuini;  opiHrnt^ 
front  uf  lirst  dorsal,  hoiug  rejilacvd  iinfrriorly  by  the  »«rie»  of  tJir   lateral 
line.     Uulikt'    iho  Hpeci<-«  of   i'kalangitleK  <iii  wbicli  there  aru  M-vi-niU. 
only  1  piiir  of  jilatrs  between  last  ray  of  serond  dorsal  and   tirat  uiedimi 
plafo  mill  1  botvvi't'ii  last  anal  ray  and  iirst  in<-diuri  pliitv.     Bn-ii«t,  aiilik* 
thut  of  Dtlicr  ap<H-i(?M,    with«nit   plattM,    but  coven-d    with    inuuiiierubl* 
nidially  titriiitt'd   prii^klrs;  rdgr  of  breast  in  trout  of  lowi-r  ond  of  hwtt 
of  pt'ctoral  with  'S  i"  5   pl«l«s.     Uraii<-hioHt>.>j;id   ui^mbraue    and    uodei 
side  "f  inaudililo  lutkfd ;    iiipuibraiie  bt'tween    the   ventioluteral    serin 
behind  and  n round  vent  wilh  minute  B('att<ircd  prickles;  2  ur  3  apinou* 
pIiiteM  in  front  of  peutoral;  the  inferiiir  lateral  aeriea,  nuliko  that  of  fK 
dotifcanlron,  runiiin;;  directly  toward  base  nf  peetoral.     Hend  tapering  bni 
little  fiiiwjird,  as  liigli  as  wide,  4i  iu  length.     Orbits  nindenit*',  neiixh  cir- 
L'lilar,  longer  than  Muoiit,  a  little  nuHe  than  3  in  head;  iiiterorbitiil  »pae« 
nearly  flat,  nearly  2  in  orbit;  Hiipraorbital  and  occipital  ridgi^s  hut  littlf 
develupeid,  Mpiiiele.s8;  temporal   ridgi>  ni(>(ler!it«;    »   small    empra-srupiilu' 
Bpinu,     Cheeks  vertieal ;  1!  minute  wpines  at  border  <)fpre<>rliiTul,  lonHnb- 
orbitnl,  '2  rather  lar^o  and  nomctiuoH  a  tliiiil  Huiall  oue  ou  ])reopert'Ie:  iiu 
plates  (in  lower  part  of  elieek  ;  nawjil  Hpine:*  minute,  oonver^inj^  behind  thr 
niasillary  pedielctt.     Median  rostral  pliiti;  absent;  month  very  oblique, 
lower, jaw  protruding;,  interiiig  prniile;  maxillary  nearly  renchinK  pupil, 
enlarged  at  tip.     Teeth  few  and  small  in  few  rows  on  jaws;  uone  on  vomer 
or  ]ij<latiac8.     One  barbel  ut  tip  of  eueh  luaxillury.     Gill  oprumg^  litrt^r, 
membrauefl  nnited,  free  frnrtv  ist bunts.     Dorsalit  well  separated;  uiinl  lone. 
begiuiiiiig  under  posterior  end  of  tlrst  dorsal ;  i-audiil  iiboiit  '.i  times  na  louj; 
lis   wide ;    pectoral  4<l  iu  length  of  body,  the   h:me   more   than  3  iu  thr 
length,  with  17  tu  1!>  rays  (19  rays  in  1  perioral  of  a  Hmail  i*p«eiincn,  18 
in  thfv  i(ther),  rouudeti,  the   lower  rays  lajddly  ahortjiuing;  ventrHls  of 
female  J  in  pectonil.s,  li  in  mul«i;  tips  of  rays  exeertcd.     Color,  li^ht  olivr 
brown,  pale  helow;  top  of  heart  aod  ba<-k  with  miuuto  spotfi  unit  >«iauo>i» 
8tr4'!iki)  of  darker;  lower  jaw  and  lower  edge  of  cheek  silvery;   peetoride 
(lark,  with  u  broad  pnle  patch  below,  near  ba»e,  aud  a  brnad  pal(>  tip; 
veutralw  pale  in  both  KexiT4(f);  rayH  of  ilorsals  ilark ;  i'»udald»rk;  ptv»- 
terior  part  of  anal  dark,  aH  in  B.  dodccatdron.     Length  6i  inehes.     Con^t 
uf  C'jiliibruiu  and  Oregon,  rather  rare,  south  to  Monterey.     Here  deserihed 
from  apeelnienN  from  eoaHt  of  Oregon,   taken   in  24   fathoms.     ($i>a7,  to 
scrape;  (Srepvor,  brea«t.) 


•  Dia^oHia-  Ik>dymn<lfirately  Hongote.  iBpvringnnirnrtnly  rrom  hrxni  iim 
a  littt«  <)>>pri>HaMl  iitiUTlurly,  llir  (l<-|itli  iit  Imiie  ol  iiectoiala  9  <i 
leitKtb;  g>riilll('  "f  lienil  itn<l  aumM  m-iirlviii  a  atruiglit  line  witlj 
tuporiui;  furwuril.  4)  in  l»i(ly,  ivlatt'it  in  itoroal  serira  35;  livtwMiii  •.      ., 
A  ur  7  ;  lii'tween  (lormi'la  4  In  G:  inmi  vmtral.s  (ti  iiiiiil  aVioiit  10  paim.     Ut.' 
iiMisillarv:  Kill  iiii'iiiliranoK  I'ri'dp  iiiedian  nintral  |ilale  wiiDtitijf .  iiiuial 
aupruuculnr  ur  i-ccjiiiinl  »piuui.     Color  light  oUvu  brunu.  iiolu   bviu\s 
lower  iwrtof  eboek  allvory. 


laiiil  il    <i  I,_<»l 


Jordan  and  Evennann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     2043 


Brnchyoptu  xtfntUmiu,  Jokhak  &  (Iilbkbt,  Proc.  U.  8.  Nat.  Mu».,  Ill,  July  3,  1880,  152, 
Santa  Crux.  California;  (Coll.  Ur.  C.  L.  Andvrsou);  Josdan  &.  GlusEKT,  Synopaia, 
737.  18K):  JoBliAN,  Cat.  FUliM  N.  A..  113, 1885. 

A'jotiiii  i Hraehi/vpn*)  anrur,  Stkindachmuii,  Irlith.  Ii«ltrjiK«.  ■>.  3M  <17),  pi.  8,  flga.  1,  Is, 
uuU  lb.  ^HtU. a«r  K,  Aiait.  tiur  WIm.,  lxx.\u.  July  iS,  1880, Sao  Fnaciaco, California. 

763,  OCCA,  .Inrdnn  &  Krerinauu,  uew  genua. 

(tcea,  JORBAiV  ic  V.VXVHXKS.  urw  genua  (vrrnieoinu). 

'I'liiB  genus  dilt'era  Troiii  linnhijopiiiit  in  tlie  whort  snout  which  im  not 
tuUnliir,  aud  is  formed  au  in  SielUrina.  From  tlu'  l;itter  neiiiix  it  in  snpii- 
rattMl  by  the  lar^o  pJiitott  on  lht<  brvust,  and  liy  the  [irofseiice  of  at  least  a 
linv  ttM'th  on  the  vomer  au<l  piilistiiicH.     North   Pm-ifie.     (occn,  ii  harrow.) 

a.  .\njil  ruyH  10  tu  12;  pbiU'K  uf  Ix-Uy  bluntly  i>|ilumis;  ventrRla  pal<-.     vEKKUCxwAi'JiOS, 
flti.  Aniii  raya  14  to  10;  pLatca  of  boUy  nearly  amowtli;  ventraU  dark. 

oonscAmuiiow,  ■MM. 

iUH.  on  I  VKIIBK'OSi-  (Lockiagtoo). 

Br.  «;  D.  VII  to  IX-7  or  8;  A.  11  or  12  (10  or  11,  Lockinj,'toii  1 ;  V.  14  or 
ir>;  V.  3  (1,  2);  C,  1,  11,  1;  v€Tt«-l>rH'  i:i  +  24^37  l37).  Pyloiii-  cvca  6  U 
individual);  lat<-nil  liiie^)or37.  Body  und  tiiil  depressed  thmiiKhout.  the 
fuiiuc-r  I'oiiiirU-d  uL'lgi{;oiinl,  the  fuceM  litttr  i-onc.'i\e;  caudiil  iK-diiutle  liex- 
U)e;uiiul,  eihort,  with  nboikt  7  lui^diuii  dorHul  and  5  ur  H  iiiedtua  ventral  plaLcit; 
the  Hharji  lurvfd  »]>iiie»  1irtti-i  rU'veilu|ii-d  than  in  O.  iludrcaiffron.  pri'Hoiit 
on  ail  ridj»('H  Croiii  tu'tid  lo  ritnilal',  I'M-ejitl!  or '-A  platM  of  inedi:iii  voutral 
aerieH  of  prdiiitt^lc-;  jilatea  of  lui'dian  lateral  (lAlcral  line)  series  l.ii'i^e  and 
ticariug  Ntiiull  ^'|dueH  frmii  head  to  near  ponltMior  end  uf  eei'und  dorsal;  I 
or  5  puir»  of  i)lat<3M  between  bust  ray  of  (ieeoiid  duroul  and  lirot  uiediuii 
plate,  and  .'  puirn  betive«u  laxt  anal  r:iy  und  first  ineili.iii  plate;  ubont  18 
fairi.v  lnrf;e  uiid  tubennlaled  phttes  ou  breiiBt.  sonio  of  tbeiii  aeparat<-d  by 
narrow  iut<-rval!i  uf  nieuibrane  with  iiuiiieroiiB  prieklej«.  liranehioHtegal 
niuiiibriiiie  naked  pufteriorl.v.  I'nder  side  «)f  uiiindibh'  and  nnterolaterul 
partj*  of  braiieiiioalepil  uieiiibraiie  with  minute  plaleH  or  priel(le«;  3  or  4 
lar^e  Hpinuim  plates  iu  front  of,  and  a  Dumber  nf  sninll  pbtten  and  prickleA 
on  bane  «>f  pei-toral  tin;  the  veutrolaleniJ  series  separated,  from  veutraU 
nearly  to  anal,  by  uieuibruiie  stuibbMl  with  l>  or  K  atiiall  striated  ]ilates 
iMdiiud  mid  a  few  around  vent;  the  latt«'r  a  littte  fartlier  than  UHtiai  fruui 
baae  of  veiitmlB  (a.s  in  0.  dodicunlron).  Top  of  head,  dorHul.  and  2  adja- 
cent faces  of  body  );raun]ated;  .■•paco  behind  peetoral  an  far  biiek  its  iiw  tip 
nuked.  Heail  de|ite88eil,  (doii){ati-,  broad  behind,  its  <lepth  }  of  its  width, 
the  latter  abiiiit  *>  in  ieii(;th  of  biidy.  Oriiils  lar^^e.  oval,  the  lunx>tudinal 
diameter  liin)(er  than  Hnniit.  3^  iu  liend.  Interorbitnl  npuce  w  ide,  nearly 
e<|nal  to  orbit.  Ilat  between  Hiipriiociilarrid^es;  the  latter  spineless,  turning 
out  uliuo«t  at  right  angleN,  furiiiiii).;  u  thill  «aw-liko  transverse  rid^e  along 


*I>lanin«ia:  BfMly  nio<lerat«1v  cloninitf.  tapering,  g-hertral,  denrviaed :  depth  abont  | 
■width,  the  latttTfl'in  IcoKlh,  h»ail  liron<l.  inuclj  dvprenacd,  tapenug  by  con<-avo  ontllnm 
t4i  a  libiiit  auuiit.  H  ill  li-iijilh  or  iKxIy.  I'lnto*  01  der-xil  acriea  ^'>  ur  3>);  between  iii'vinnt 
»Ti<l  rlrnt  (li)nuil,  7;  lictwcvn  ilnriuila,  4;  fmin  vrntnil  to  aniil,  IU  iir  11  tiiiim.  Ilni>  liurii«l 
at  tip  of  uAch  maxillary  ;  (;{11  niMnlimnra  iiQiltHl,  frt^j  from  iatliaiua.  M«ttliin  ro»tral  plate 
iranline;  onitul  xpiniit  inueite;  no  iiiipni<ii'nl.-)r  or  occipital  apici'*.  Ulivuoooiu,  banded 
Willi  durlier,  pecturuia  wiUt  ;i  ui  1  black  urvue. 


2044         Bulletin  fj,  United  States  National  Museum. 


po8t«rior  border  of  orbit ;  orcipital  ridges  Mpiitel(<88,  temporal  ridge  broken 
into  2  or  3  tiib<-rcleH,  soiuetiiuex  ending  in  a  aniall  suprascapular  spine. 
Che«>k(i  nearly  vertical,  the  suborbital  ridge  butNligbtly  developed;  usa- 
ully  a  spine  at  lower  border  oC  orbit,  3  or  4  small  ones  on  inferior  border 
of  itreorbital,  a  moderate  one  on  suborbital,  a  rather  largo  one,  and  beneath 
it,  a  smaller  one  on  the  preopercle ;  3  or  4  nioderat«dy  developed  plat«8,  or  as 
many  smaller  ones  with  numerous  niinuttt  plates  or  prickles,  on  obeek 
below  ridge;  nasal  spines  raiuut«,  converging  behind  maxillary  pttdiclea; 
median  rostral  )>lat4-  absent.  Mouth  oblique,  a  little  less  so  than  in  O. 
dodi'cai'dron,  the  lower  jaw  protruding ;  maxillary  reaches  to  opposite  front 
of  pu]>il.  Teeth  present  on  jaws,  few  and  small  on  vomer,  few  or  none  on 
palatines.  One  barlM>I  at  tip  of  each  maxillary.  Dorsals  long,  moderately 
separated;  anal  long,  beginning  under  posterior  end  of  first  dorsal;  pecto- 
rals 4|  in  length  of  boily,  their  width  at  base  3  in  their  length,  are  rounded, 
the  lowermost  rays  rapidly  shortening ;  veutrulh  of  female  a  little  less  than 
2  in  pectorals,  those  of  male  nuicli  longer,  reaching  beyond  front  of  anal, 
longer  than  ]>ectorals;  the  membrane  broad.  Caudal  3  times  as  long  as 
wide  at  l>ase.  C<dor  dark  grayish  or  brownish,  pale  below;  the  young 
with  distinct  cross  bars,  a  broad  one  in  front  of  tirst  dorsal,  1  under  the 
front  end  and  1  behind  middle  of  first  dorsal,  1  betwe<'n  dorsals,  1  under 
second  dorsal,  and  2  on  peduncle;  bars  indistinct  in  adults;  dorsals  dosky, 
faintly  barred  with  darker,  caudal  dark;  anal  dark  on  membrane,  white- 
edged  (dark  only  on  posterior  end  in  young,  as  in  O.  dodecaedron) ;  pecto- 
rals washed  with  orange,  2  dark  blotclies  near  base,  the  terminal  part 
with  2  (sometinu!S  conHuont)  or  1  largi-  dark  patch  (these  patchea  in  the 
young  a]ipeariug  as  partially  confluent  bars,  more  like  O.  dodecaedron); 
ventrals  of  female  i)ale,  of  male  bright  orange  yellow,  with  a  large  black 
spot  insi<b'  of  first  ray  and  2  small  ones  at  tip.  Length  8  inches.  Coitst 
of  California  and  Oregon,  south  to  San  Francisco,  in  11  to  36  fathoms. 
Here  described  from  specimens  from  off  the  Oregon  coast.  (nTrucosnt, 
warty.) 

liracliiioptis  rernicvmiii.  LoiKINoTdN,  I'ror.  t'.  S.  Nat.  MiiH..ni.  Mny  6,  1880,80.  Drakes 
Bay,  near  San  Francisco,  California;  .Iobdax  A;  OlLIIKBT,  .SyuiipsiH.  7l!6,  1883;  JoB- 
I).*N.  Cut.  VUhvH  N.  A.,  114,  IW.'i. 

Aijoniif  iBiaehuvjixix)  biirkaiii.  .SrElNfiACIINEIi.  lelilli.  rxMtriiKe.  IX,  25:i  (16),]>l.  5.  Sitili. <ler 
k.  Akait.dcr  Wii*s.,LXX.\il,  Julv  15.  IfiSU,  San  Francisco,  California. 

2403.  tU  (A  IM>l)K(AKI)BO\  -  (Tile»iU8). 

Hr.  (5;  D.  I.\  ..r  X,  7  or  8;  A.  14  to  16;  P.  14  or  15;  V.  3(1,2);  C.  1, 11,  1; 
verteliia-  1 3  +  20 -.^ Ut>.  j'yloric  v.vin  ~y  (1  individual).  Lat«ral  line  with 
37  or  38  poies.  Hody  as  far  as  niicidh'  of  first  dorsal  depressed,  becoming 
gnidiially  conipiessed  lieliind.     Caudal  peduncle  short,  5  to  7  dorsal  and 


'  DiaimnsiH:  Body  modoratfly  I'longatw,  tapering  nearly  unifomily  from  head  tocaadal, 
rtepri'»»c<l,  8-hedrjil;  p«lnnrlo  6-lirrtral.  conipresHcd  |i"8li'riorly ;  dtptbof  Irady}  of  width. 
the  latter  at  hose  of  pecturnlH  u  in  l<'ni;tl].  Ilcud  briiail,  iniiili  ilepressed,  4L  PIat««  in 
duritnl  Mi-ries  40;  between  orclpiit  and  lirnl  diimnl  8  or  !•;  between  dorsals  3  to 5:  from 
ventrals  to  anal  in  to  l.")  iiaii-H.  One  b.arbel  at  tip  of  each  maxillary ;  gill  membraue*  free. 
Meifiau  roHtral  ]>lat4>  wanlinj;;  t)a.<4a1  opines  niinnte,  iiHiially  absent;  no  snpraocidar  or 
oecipitnl  Npinon.  llrDuuixb  olivacooim,  >\itb  several  indistinct  cross  bars;  dorsal  tins 
Willi  2  black  liars. 


3  or  t  ventiJil  iiii'ilinii  plates,  ooinpri'ssod.  licvnfjoniil.  Short  liliini  t«pinc«i 
piasuiil  III!  ilic  ttor-Holiitfiiil  (*eiie«  frutii  n  Utile  in  lionl  of  litxl  darmil  t« 
tiiidtlle  cif  Hfrnnd  ilorr<ii1,  none  oti  nicdinn  <l(ir8iil  piiitaw  of  pctliirR'le; 
HlmrporMpiiii;H  ihi  tln'  sii]>eiitn-  liitoral  coru-.x  froHi  iieiu-  liwul  to  nnar  cjUHlnl; 
tl»'  vi'ry  low  ri(l}j;i's  of  tlio  iiifeiiur  laliTal  inul  voiitnilateral  HoricK  hejir  a 
)Vw  Hpiiii'H  ]i<<!ir  iiiiilill*!  nf  body;  plates  of  tU<<  iiiiHliaii  hi1<>r!il  (latcriU 
line)  K<'rtr.s  in'iirl.v  as  lurg*-  a«  tliorte  of  the  ii<ijointi)g  scrit'.i,  iilnnit  a  cIiiklmi 
of  the  most  auterinr  lionrinj;  siuall  ^pin(■^^;  5  or  G  pairi*  of  phtt«-s  lirtween 
liust  i';iy  of  Hi'.i'onil  ihoHjil  a)i<l  I'ust  oiiiliuii  phil<«,  anil  :il)»iil.  5  pairx  Iii'tw<>ftD 
!ivmI  anal  ray  ami  litNt  rit'-ili.to  pint"';  a  «troMjf  .•<iiiii<>ui<  riil;;e  of  plates  from 
lower  cnil  of  haso  of  prctoriil  t<>  is(hiniiH;  a  HinaJI  iiiettiaii  riil;;e«ii  hrcuHt, 
of  2  siuall  plali'K  lit  front  of  liaxej*  of  ventraU,  followeil  anteriorly  l>y  a 
iiieilian  HerieH  of  3  or  4  lar^rer  single  plitleH;  lietwer-n  tliiH  utut  the  e)lgs> 
the  breast  IS  I'overeil  witli  small,  thm,  ilistiiirt  plates  with  nmiiei'iiusNuiall 
tnlxTcles  interspevHed;  (he  hraui-liiostegiil  inenihrane  posteiioily  and 
nieflially  anil  Mntrrolaterally  rovored  with  suiall  plates  and  priekU;«; 
wlioto  nuderside  of  uiandilde  with  Huiatl  ptatu^  am)  some  ]irii'kUw  or 
tuborcjes;  4  or  5  lai'i^e  plates  in  front  of,  and  a.  uiiniber  of  minute  plates 
nrprieUlcHon  IniKo  of  preioral  tin.  Memlinine  liehind  and  aronnil  rent 
and  between  voiil  and  veiitrals  with  n  variable  ouniber  of  sinnll  plates, 
hut  mostly  with  nnnieroiis  priiklcH  or  Inhercles.  Veut  a  little  farther 
reaxhved  from  base  of  ventrals  than  usual  in  Ihu  A<;ou<>ids.  An  idoiigato 
triangular  spam  beliind  pertoral.  between  Ifao  inl'tiroir  and  veutrulati^rnl 
writ's,  naked,  Tofi  of  head,  oiodiau  ilorsal,  ami  2  adjacent  faees  of  btMly 
grnnnluled.  Head  nnirli  dejtreKsed,  broad  bebiud,  tapering,  its  d<-ptli  | 
Its  width,  the  latter  about  (5  in  lonf;tli  of  body.  Orbita  Hm.^lI,  nearly  eir- 
cnlar,  the  longitiidliia]  diriaieter  a  litllo  more  than  4  in  head;  inlerorKital 
space  eoueavo,  wide,  e([ital  lo  snout,  nearly  equal  to  orbit;  siipraoiutar, 
oeeijiitnl,  and  tenijiocnl  ridges  low,  spinelesn;  ehe^'ka  neaily  vertical,  sub- 
orbital ridge  hardly  developed,  spi iielewt ;  a  large,  heavy  tnberidn  or 
Hpiiie  projecting  from  prooperi'le  at  an  aiigb:  of  45";  bebiw  tliiu  1  or  2 
Hat  small  onee;  no  plates  on  eheeks;  month  very  oblique,  ninxillary 
reaehing  front  of  pnpil;  tt'eth  in  baiuk  on  ,jawH,  Tomer,  and  palatiDett. 
Doi-sals  long,  tlit-ii'  iiiembranes  sometimes  contiuiiouB;  anni  very  l^ng, 
beginning  a  little  behind  middle  "f  lirst  ilorsnl;  peetoruls  a  liftio  nmre 
than  4  in  b-ngth  of  body,  tliuir  biiso  3J  in  Ibeir  length,  with  14  or  15 
gradnat<'il  rays  (a  fiMv  of  the  njipermost  shorter);  ventrals  of  female 
abiint  I'lt  those  of  male;  the  lattir  less  than  2  in  pertorals,  about  ^  of 
head;  cnndal  '.i  times  ivs  long  a.s  wide  at  liiise.  Color  brownish  olivaeeous, 
pale  below;  a  tnitfli-iutorriiptad.  indefinite  dark  biunl  from  aiiglo  of 
niitiitli,  nnder  orbit,  aeross  preopenles,  above  pectorals,  and  along  lateral 
liioe;  a  few  indistinct  <>ros.s  bars  »>i  back;  dorsals  witli  a  broad  ilark  liand 
along  the  edge  and  a  parallel  one  neross  the  middle,  otlorwiso  white; 
eaudat  dusky;  anal  dusky  near  the  posterior  end;  (tettorals  transversely 
barred  by  about  6  serieH  of  blaek  poitit«or  short  streaks  on  ra.vs;  ventmlH 
pale  in  feniulc,  the  nieinbrane  blaek  in  male;  head  and  lips  with  nnini*T- 
ons  mitinte  blaek  Hpots  and  stn'aks.  North  I'aeitie,  Katnehatka,  sontb  tn 
ItriHtid    Hay,  eoost   of  Alaska,  in    10   to  15   fathoms.    (OillHTt.)     Horn 


•IcwstiImjiI  from  sp<'ciia<<n*  fn«n  Briiitdl  Itey.    (9(a8effdeSpoi,  baring  U 

Hiirl'iices  or  sided.) 
On  thoHO  specimen.s  Dr.  Oilliort  liiis  the  follnwinji  noteR  : 
'*  A  fe\r  BpeciinoiiH  taken  in  KriHlol  Itay  in  4 i  to  11  f»thoniB.  Id  male*  tbc 
(■oli)r«  till'  iinicli  biij^litiT  tljnu  in  fouiales,  rei'ulltiijj  O.  rerruronn.  Tb* 
liiirs  (lu  (lorsiil  fins  Jire,  in  mkiIps,  intcnBe  Itliick  uu«l  Urijjht  vrhito,  ni«t<-ad 
of  olivo  lii'uwn  nixl  wliitinb  as  in  fcniiiles;  ninli<i«  bIuiw  also  a  lArift-r  blark 
jiuU'b  uti  liist  aiiitl  niyn,  aiiilhiivu  tlio  intcrra<liul  uioiiibraut)  of  vetjtml  Jet- 
Iilack  ;  ill  uone  of  our  spfoiiiieuH  do<'fl  the  canrUI  tia  8how  transverse  1iD<-« 
of  brown  points,  iiH  described  by  Cnvier;  io  both  miUes  and  females  tlv 
cundal  is  diigky  or  blank,  tbe  median  rays  lijflit«r,  the  outer  oue«  white. 
D.IX  or  X,"  or8j  A. 14  to  16."    {SiuSexa,  twelw;  iSpa,  snrftic*-,  sul«.) 

Aifontii doiUtatdrnn,  TltKtlUS,  Mi>ni.  Aead.  PeKirab.,  iv, pi.  13, 1810,  Kamchatka  (Call.W  T 

TiIkkiun)  ;  IiOntiikb,  Cat..  II.  214,  IWO. 
PhataHjhtUf  iuritatin,  TALLAtt.  Zuog.  KoMM-AAiat.,  ni,  114.  taf.  10. 181 1,  Kamchatka. 
Atpldojihonts  tlnilreafdnu,  CrviED  ft  VAlJlNClByNCti,  Hint.  XHt,  Poiaa.,  tv.  2<M,  mt. 
Brarhyfj^fis  dodecaedrut,  Jukda.n  &  UU.BKBT,  Syiiopaift,  723, 1883, 

764.  BRACHYOPSIS,  Gill. 

Bra>ihyeffU,  Gill.  Proc.  Ac.NaI.  Soi.  Phila.,  xiil.  1841  ]n7,2$9  (ra«lral««r). 
,V<|)*affoiii«,  STItlvriACHNER,  Ifhih.  rtcitrSKd,  V,  l«U,  Sltjili.  ApoiI.  Winn  \ri«ii.  LXjtjv.  Jatw 
IBTn  i§«[jnUrHKiK) . 

Ilody  iiimiiiriitily  clon^fttc,  tajiering  iipnrTy  iitiifomily  from  head  to  cau- 
dal;  dcprcsm-d,  R-iicdnil  (l)-hi>ili;il  on  iiediiuclo) ;  depth  aliuiit  K,  vridih 
about  IS  ill  btiifrtb  :  bi^ad  bro.ul,  de|>r<-Htiei),  about  1^  to  5  in  atanrlanl  Icng^tli. 
Snout  lull};;,  almost  liibular.  Iicarin)^  tlio  short  jaws  at  tbe  uiid.  r'lat<-<i  in 
ilorHiil  aorii'S  abnnt  'Aci  to  40  or  nion-;  11  barbel  at  tip  of  carh  loaxill.'iiv, 
iiicilinii  rostrnl  plate  iioiif;  uai^ul  sjiiucs  niiunto  or  absent;  HupraoniUr 
and  flcc-i;>it:il  Hjinu'f*  nnno;  Kill  nienilini'ne.s  tinitiMl,  fruti  ffnni  iMthluns;  anal 
lit]  luug,  with  12  or  Kt  rnvH,  nrst  dornul  itxunlly  long;  inoitth  ob]i<|aa, 
lowor  Jaw  pro.ii-cting;  ti'oth  pri-.sont  on  jaws,  vomer,  and  palnttaos:  at 
li-ast  aomo  of  the  plriti's  on  body  spinoiin;  plates  on  breast  iiHiiitlly  Tritb 
intcrsperncd  small  |irii'kli>8  or  tiibcrclc-H.     {fiftaxi't.  short;    '•ff'ti;,  face.) 

It,  AuhI  mvK  13:  lUirtkal  npiuoii  H      iHHtr  t'liairanu,  brnud  nt   l.li<%  lireail.    the  (all  rarr 
■liMiilpr.  leiJSTBATi^es  J4ot 

oa    AuuL  rayt  1" ;  lKMly  si  tender :  i-yi' lH<liind  miildl><  nf  lieailj  2  npiueii  on  cuburUlaL 

!>KaAURJISU,34». 

£401.  ItttirilTOPNIS  ttltSTRATrK-  (Tileainal. 


Br.6;  W  Vin.8;    A.  13;  C.IO;    IMi;  V,  I,  2.     B-mIv  more  elongau-  than 
in  Atjuniit  v<tlai)hrarlun,  tho  tail  very  slender,  the  body  distinctly  I'lisifurm. 


*  PiacnoAi*.  Lateral  lini>  38.    Body  moiv  fnslform  than  in  other  swrfiw  nr  thU 
rcrjr  niTiiinl   in   fnml  oJ  llu'  iiiiddliClaiN-riii);  Io  llii'  slfiidpr  tail.     Hc:m' 
]iiiliiti'il,  an  Ki>cn  Irimi  nlM)vi>.  tlii'  iiioiilli  (|iiii.i-  iinrrow-,  cvhh  Kiiiall,  wi 
ooiijfidi'nibly  •lc|iii'.-e<'>l.  Kimul  williniit-  tsplm*:  h -horl  (l:iii  mI  iiiicti-  nf  1 
very  nnnsli;    ijlll  iii«ml>raiii'i<  fn*  fpun  ixthiiiU!*    vr.i 
iiiemnn  miv  nf  rn)!«iid  (mhivi^x  pliilo*:  a  rnw  of  liiiiiiliir  . 
inp.  Ibo  Mirro  UTlm  luniiiiig  ii^.nliHiied   li;ciir«.  tli< 
pUtca.    Tliirt  illa((DniUii  rrnin  Ileriiig  Mia  uppoliiiros  olibiUKil  liv    Mr     U-.m 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     2047 


widest  botwrt'u  -pcotoralx ;  moutb  ahitrt  oblique,  tho  maxillary  not  rvaching 
tu  Ix'litw  nyci  protili!  tttraiylit,  crnniiiiii  Hj»t  iiliovc,  thL"  eyes  jirouutiiKiit;  no 
g]tin8H  (III  tlie  (irtut;  preopercle  with  '^  spims  uii  its  vertical  inurgiii ;  2 
on  tlir  Fnwur  border  oC  tht*  lar^c  HuUorbital ;  tniuk  8-aD;ile(l ;  tail  ti-:iDgle<l. 
F^lnti's  iiitire  iiiiiiR>roii«  than  in  Aiianat,  10  on  wtcb  iijiper  fjnige  from  ii:ipi< 
to  point  <>(  tlii'ir  •iiiiou ;  uiiiiibers  in  the  otht^r  ruwB  in  jirnportion;  upper 
«i<ri<»fi  wi(b  tlieir  riilRCR  rather  sbarp,  towiT  witb  iibtiiso  ridel's;  2  Sfrioa 
of  ubibiUK^ii  separated  by  iHlatublo  skhi;  iiu  barbeln  on  y^\\\  uieiuUrauvs. 
IVctdialH  louger  and  doraalH  fartber  lun'k  tb.iu  in  I*,  tlinitrtuilnm  or  I'odoilir- 
eiiB  acipcngirinui.  Lower  ruyB  «f  pectoriil  largei-  tbau  the  others;  atial 
loiii;er  lliivn  Bi't'ond  dorgiil,  beginning  uuiter  middle  uf  tlrat  dorsnl ;  IcuKtb 
III  inelii-H.  (Tilt'siim,  iisqiicittMl  liy  Cnvi(?r  A.  Vak>ucii'iinu«. )  Tiio  ligiire  of 
TileniiiH  sIiowh  a  tubular  roiiiprtiascd  nnodtj  witli  tlio  Hliort  mouth  iit  the 
end  Htirt  a  very  widi-  bnek.  iiR*ijilly  «<tiKavfi.  Kpecinii-ns  from  I'l^tropaiil- 
aki  have  tlie  t>yu  2^  in  snodt;  mandilile  2(  iu  lii-ad;  inaxithiry  H;  Knout  ri; 
pei-toral  nearly  ;m  long  an  bead;  breaat  witb  lar^r  plalcH  in  3  dividing 
nnvH,  'witli  ftiuaiicr  oiieH  iH-tweeu.  Tail  very  ftleiider,  tiot  spiiiniis;  liody 
<biibl>y,  IliP  greatest  wiiltli  2},  greatest  depth  'Ji  iub^itd;  head  nearly  5 
in  body,  Scu1i-b  41.  Teeth  minute.  The  siteeies  is  internndiate  iu  form 
between  Oct-a  liixlf em  droit  niid  I'atlaKiii't  harhaht.  Several  specinienH  from 
Shaiia  bay,  Itiirup  Island,  show  the  fiillouing  ehaructvrs:  Dorsal  faeo 
wider  flian  in  either  ami  deeply  i-oneave;  snotit  elongatfi,  (l«>pre8sr«l,  its 
width  t.ikeu  at  iiiifidie  of  its  lentil!  4  greater  than  its  dejttb  at  »:iiim  point, 
and  i  it«  length,  mensiired  from  ti]i  of  lower  jaw;  !tiw*>r  jaw  tn»ieh  biugnr 
tlinii  upper,  the  KVinphystB  entering  ii[iper  protile  of  dimut,  vertiially  fnr- 
rowed  !it  tip:  nnixilliiry  not  reaching  arhit,  4  in  l)ua<l ;  preorbital  elongate, " 
with  a  lengtliwis«  ridge  whicli  divides  anteriorly,  tlie  braui-heji  not  ter- 
tniiiitting  in  HpineH,  tlio  edge  of  i)ri'orbitiiI  entire;  anterior  nostril  in  a 
slmrt  tube.  Teeth  all  minute,  pienent  «tn  jiiWM  iiud  vomer,  often  absent 
on  p.'ilatineH,  jionretiuieH  pre;-ent  in  a  siniiill  pateb  on  extreme  anterior  end. 
.'Suborbital  Htiiy  without  Hpiiie,  forming  a  giblmiiH  Htriati'<l  prot iibi-rance 
on  middle  of  rUeek,  between  wliieb  iind  Ihe  horizontal  edge  of  preoprrelo 
Ik  a  Merii'14  of  tlir«<'  or  four  small  pbitett;  2  slroiig  diverging  ftpineH  at 
angle  of  iireoperole:  a  Bliorter  spiue  below  tlieni;  nrbiliil  margitiH  ete- 
Viiled  (ttiperiorly  and  ]iosteriorly ;  iiiti  rorbitnl  space  very  narrow,  grooved 
and  longiliidiiially  striated,  its  width  ei|na11iug  ^  diiiuietcrof  oibil,  which 
i»  t\  in  head;  no  spinefl  on  to))  of  liead,  the  ridgea  low  and  ronnded. 
Head  l?  to  48  In  length;  widtli  of  body  >H  to  Hi;  length  of  caudal  j>ed- 
imcle  3j  to  4.  Body  iinteriorly  liexagonal,  the  iipjier  latcrul  ridge  becotii- 
liig  obwlete  immediately  in  rroiit  of  spinons  dorsal;  tower  biternl  ridge 
uIho  becoming  rniindeil  und  obRoIesceiit  anteriorly;  dnrsat  face  widening 
rapitily  from  (Hcipiil  to  front  of  Hpinoua  dorxnl  where  Its  width  eiiiials 
HUimt;  it  gnidiiiilly  iiarrowH  posteriorly,  the  doraal  ridges  beeituiiug  con- 
llnent  ut  a  point  iniuh  nearer  bnsc  of  caudal  than  end  of  i<euond  dorsal; 
ventral  ridges  Hpitu'IesH,  the  lateral  ridges  with  fdiiirl  spinons  pointK.  oflen 
di»tingniBhiilil«  with  difiicnlty;  iloraaH  series  anteriorly  with  utronger 
spines  which  Ta]iidly  diiitiiiisb  posteriorly;  hratn-hiostegal  jiud  giilar 
membrauea  without  plates;  plates  on  body  without  the  luitiute  prickles 


2048         Bulletin  47,  United  Stales  National  Museunt, 


HO  cli»r«rt«ri9tic  of  (fee*  rrrmeoia  nnil  O.  iodrear<lr»M;  br«Mit  I'orpre*!  with 
polyi;onal  plates,  a  series  clevatetl  to  form  a  ino<liiin  rid|;e,  tL<*  marptol 
(iliit4'tt  alMo  ])roiuini'nt ;  prcpurtoral  area  wi<1e,  with  I  proiiiitient  plat«6, 
fill-  iipjwriuoat  l>earitiK  a  Khort  spine  jiost'-riorly ;  in  tho  <lorsnl  series  of 
plati-H,  10  lie  in  advance  of  lint  liorsal,  11  lictweoTi  nrigitts  of*tir«t  Atid 
sei'OiKl  (lorttals,  !>  or  10  aJoii;;  ba«e  of  Hccoiid  dorsjtl,  (i  to  9  bet^veoTi  seconi! 
dorsal  and  tbo  point  of  oontliirncc  of  the  dorsal  Kerie«,  and  5  to  7  In^twecii 
the  latt4-r  point  :ind  Im.te  of  landiil;  total  nunilter  of  pl»t<-«  in  dorval 
si-ries  i'.i  to  45.  in  (i  8pp<'inn>n8exaniiiu-<l.  P<-<'tornlH  loujc  nnd  narrow,  1|  in 
brad;  diirsiil  with  «  (rarely  !))  apiiiea  and  X  soft  rays;  :id»I  with  13  (rarrly 
11)  rays;  pectoral  with  14  rays.  Color  dusky  above,  niarktsl  with  stu.-ill 
bbick  spotH  and  liTies;  wliite  below,  growing  iliisky  poatcrinrly  ;  cniida] 
ld:ir-k)Kb:  Tentr.ilh  white:  anal  white,  with  (ho  liwt  raya  duHky ;  dor»alt 
and  pectorals  with  the  rays  Hnoly  ilolted  with  lda<^k,  Nortb  Paeific, 
reeorded  from  Sa;;halicn,  Oiilf  of  Aniva,  relropaulski,  and  the  Knrii 
Islands.  (ro*//-d/M«,  ])ertaining  tA  the  ronlrum  or  snont;  "not  because  it 
has  a  beak,  but  beeause  lt>i  head  uod  suont  are  more  rootrH<-t<-<l  than  in 
the  others.") 

Agninii   rvttratut,  TnJWR-8,  V.tm.  Acsd.  Petenb..  rv.  1810.  pL  14.  Saghatiea,  Gulf  of 

Aniva.     (Coll.  Tlleiitnn.) 
I'halangi*!'*  /vJ^fonnU,  Vku.ab,  Zoog.  Itoiso-Asist.,  itt,  lltt,  1811,  SaghalicD,  Golf  of 

Aniva;  Kuril  IsUnda.     (Cull.  Btellcr  &  Merk.) 
Agmnu  roilrafu:  GO^TllBlt,  Cat.,  u,  214,  IBtm. 

AnpidophvTVM  roilratiu,  <  C'VIEU  A^  VAiJCNCiKN'.NEii,  niRt.  Xat.  PiiLaa.,  IV. 312.  l^Sfl. 
lirarhj/oyiU  rottratu$,  JoiuiA.>i  \  UiutBBT,  iS)noiiHla,T;K.  1883:  JouUAW,  CoL  Fi*bea  K. 

A.,  li:i,  1885. 

»406.  BKArnrMP.SIS  SI!flAI.n!>RI8  (TUoainsl. 

D.  V1I.8;  A.  12;  C.  10;  P.  14;  V.  I.  2.  Form  resemblinp  liradtgtifm* 
rontiiituH,  but  the  tail  shorter;  body  depressed;  oje  behind  middle  of  head ; 
2  spines  on  snborbitMl.  and  some  others  about  eyes;  dorsals  contignous; 
iiiial  limber  tliiin  Hccond  dorsal;  pertorals  larne;  no  barliels  under  throat; 
^iil  niumbriineii  iiml  barUi^lH  at  (diiu  nnduscribed,  probably  na  in  i?r<u>iy- 
vjini*  ruBlratiiH.  Vellowish  brown;  tins  with  blaek  bands.  Lt^ngth  7 
iriehes.  Island  of  .Sa^liaHeD.  (I'uvier  iV  Valeiu'ionnes.;  Not  seen  by 
rerent  writers.     (N'anjn  fron>  ^^aJ;h»lien.) 

SyngnathUM  «<{;a<uiunj.  Tn.BHU^,  Mt'in.  .Soo.  Imp.  Kat.(]p  Uoaeow,  n,  316,  pL  14. 1810,  Bay  of 

Patience,  Saghalien.    (ColJ.  Krii»i>DNt4'rD.) 
Siphaiiimuji  triialiciitO,  Stkimiachmk.  Il-IiiIi.  llaltrBgs,r,  140,aiiil  Sitiih.  der  k.  Acad-ilrr 

Wis*.,  LXXIV,  18*8;  JuUliAN  Si  OtUiKIIT.  S,vnii|iaia,  TZt,  1HI43. 
Af;oniu  ((Frij^afiK,  TiLKHiua.  Urtn.  Arwi.  Pct<<rat>..  IV,  4J(,  1810,  Sagbalieo;  Ucrvm  Jk  V«- 

i.i™<iKfn«K«,  Hint.  Nut.  PoIm..  IV.  214, 1829. 
PhalanrjuiUtlimigatu;  Pallas.  Zotif,.  Ruaao-AHint.,  ni,  118, 1811. 

765.  PALLASINA.'  Cramer. 

PaUanina.  ClUMVli,  Proo.  Cnl.  Ac.  Soi.  isa.1. 81I>  {harhala). 

Form  of  Si/ngnntkui  or  l>iphoiit»iHa;  body  slender,  deprc«aed;  4-hedrAl 
anteriorly,  8-hedrnl  under  dorsuU;  6-hedral  on  peduncle;  snont  produrcd 


*  The  u<<i>iia  SijihaoiiMu.  SlviiiilAi'1ini-r,  waa  cx|ire8«ly  baae<l  on  A<joHWi»*i/»Uettj»it.    Tha 


name  can  uut  bti 


fur  Uii*  Kioui>. 


Jordan  and  Evertnann. — Fishes  of  North  Anurica.     iJOiU 


in  a  tube;  lower  jaw  projecting  Wyond  upper,  turned  npwnrd  ni  tip,  a 
long  barlii:-]  :it  the  aymphyMs;  ten-th  on  ja%v*  and  vomer,  a  single  row  on 
psiliitinee;  gillinouibranes  free  fmiu  isthniiia,  united;  both  domiiln present; 
vi'ntral»  very  short;  i>lntt't*of  body  slightly  keeled,  without  Hpiueg;  vert<'- 
brtp  about  45.  (Niiniml  for  Petriis  .Sjmoii  Pallfi>i,  naturalist  and  explorer, 
the  iirroinpliiihod  author  of  Xnngraphia  IiOH><0'AAi!iticii,  1811.) 

«.  Thn«  (iliitea  III  I'mnl  iif  vvnlnilii:  barlMa  laiij[.  nAmSATA.  21M. 

an.  Two  |iUte«  m  front  nf  vcntmU:  liurtH:!  ahurt.  AIX.34V7. 


S«««.  PAU^8»A  DAkllATA  (SUindaclmer). 

Dr.  5;  D.  VI  to  IX,7;  A.  9  to  12;  I',  12;  V.3  (1.2);  C.  II;  biti-nil  line  15 
iifKi;  vcrti'brn*  15 -|- 30  =  1.5.  I'ylorii' oir<'a6(l  individuiil),  Hody  slightly 
di'prcwMi-d  in  front,  depth  at  huso  of  pt'cttinila  *  nr  V  of  width,  «I<Mider, 
wiillh  about  11  in  U'tijjth.  I{idK''8  of  th<>  doreo  siud  veiitni  l:it4'Viil  series 
Hirong,  the  doraiil  »nd  Intcriil  hiilvesof  I  hi- plates  furni  :i  right  uiigli-;  no 
ridgi'  on  tbf  infrrior  latiMiil  row  and  th<'  platvn  of  the  BTiptrinr  lat<>ral  ri>w 
abtM'iit  anteriorly,  so  that  thi-  body  ia  i-hi-drul  in  front  of  first  dorsal,  with 
dorHtil  and  ventral  facon  list  or  a  little  concave  and  thi'  luteral  convex. 
Under  lirst  ilorNid,  the  miperior  laliTal  sorirs  begins  with  koeh-d  plat<M*,  tlm 
ridge  of  th<.'  iiiffrior  l.'itcral  sciii's  lu'roiriing  luon-  proiniiifiit,  so  thatundiT 
the  tlorsal'"!  the  hody  in  S-hednil;  dorHiil  and  vrntral  faces  grooved,  and 
depth  e<|iialiiig  length,  t'liiidal  podiiticle  strongly  ilopreggtMl,  nearly 
4-hedriil  (niediiiii  ilorsal  and  ventral  ridges  extremely  low ) ;  45  or  46  jdales 
in  the  dorsal  serii-s,  I  pairs  Ix'tween  dorsaU,  12  to  13  pairs  frnm  ventrala 
to  anal,  5  toy  pairs  between  last  ray  of  second  dorsal  and  first  median 
ventral  plate ;  .'J  or  4  large  pl,'it»'s  in  a  median  luMgitiidinal  row  on  brcaet, 
with  aWiut  I  row  of  4  or  5  sniikll  one«  between  it  and  the  HericM  forming 
the  edge  cif  bre.ist;  plates  radially  striateil  ftiul  a  little  elcvati-d  at  the 
oont<T;  none  between  ventrkls  and  vent.  Membrane  behind  vent  withmit 
plateiH  (or  »a  many  iw<  19,  St^'indachnor's  excellent  lignre).  Brunehiodtegiil 
menibrftite  naked  posteriorly,  2  or  3platei«  Bntcndaterally.  Narmw  nude 
snrface  iif  lowiT  jaw  with  a  scries  of  several  plates:  2  or  3  plateA  in  front 
of  pi'ctiiral.  Head  very  long  and  narrow,  gently  tapering,  nearly  as  high 
a»  wide.  Orbit"  nearly  eircnlar,  the  longitudinal  diametiT  abont  r4  in 
head  and  2  in  snont.  Int«'riirbilal  (tfiace  moderately  concave,  nearly  2  in 
orbit.  .Siiprnocnlar  ridges  moderate,  oeripital  ridges  scarcely  defined, 
temporal  ridpiw  moderate,  all  spineless;  no  suborbital  ridge;  snborbit.'il 
bone  spinelcrts;  a  sharp  spine  at  por<terior  angle  of  preopenlo  and  2  smaller 
lint  ones  Indow  this;  a  longitudinal  iHTies  of  t  or  5  pnorlv  developed  plates 
(111  lower  part  of  ebeek,  between  tbe  long  hriri/.oiital  limb  <if  preoperele 
and  orbit.  Snout  long,  tiibiilni,  about  2\  in  head,  Frmitid  liotiex  much 
elongated  forward,  an  additional  lioiiy  plate  in  front  of  jireorbital  and  over- 
liiingiiig  the  maxillary;  several  small  pl.-ite*  in  menibrnnaeeoiiB  interval 
between  preorbital  and  fronkil  in  front  of  orbit.  I'osterior  inferior 
angle  of  unixillary  proilueed  baekwanl,  n'aehing  a  little  more  thou  balf> 
way  to  orbit.  Median  rtixtral  pl«t«'  absent.  Lower  jaw  h>ng,  enrveil 
upward  in  front,  projecting  lieyond  the  npper  ami  etil^Tiiigprolile;  month 
obliitne.     'I'eeth  in  narrow  bands  un  jaws  and  vomer,  about  1  n>w  on  pal- 


2050         BuUetin  fj,  United  States  National  Museum. 


atiiii-s  (St<^in(l,i'-'hn'T  npparpntly  »i»w  nonn  on  palatinr<H).     A  ningle  bar- 
li«l  of  variiilil«'  length  (nomi-timi>«  twire  na  long  \\\  somt'timi'M   U-bs  than 
<li:iim'ter  of  tirliiti  i»t  tip  i>f  1<>w«t  Jiiw.     Gill  uu'inbi'niics  nnitt'd   behind, 
freo  from  iHtlimut.     First  (liviNal  with   12  paii-»  of  p]at«!s  between   it  and 
the  no-iput;  !*iial  l«>ng,  Ill-ginning  iiiiilur  nii<ldl«  "C   (irst  <lorsaI;  <-andal 
about  3  titnt-s    us    lon^   an    iriile    iit    biu>e;  jiectoriils   long,    5^    t4i   3^    iu 
)i<h1.v,    width   ut   their  base   iihoiit  4   in  tbi'ir  leiiKtb;  veutraln    about    3 
ill   pectorals  anil   4   in  hi^ud    in    fftnub<,  2   in   poctornls  »uil   2|  in  Ji<>*d 
iu   male.      C"K>r  riwldisli   or  Kr»vi»b   brown    with   inuumprahle    minnte 
black   apntA)    vrntral  anrfnoe  pale,    from  front    of  anal  to  caikIiiI    pro- 
grtrssivflf  darker  with  niiniit*'  bhirk  Hpots;  a  dark  batid  ext<>nda  along 
thi^  Hiib-  of  snout,  acroxa  orbit  ami  pri-ap<>rr1r-,  and  along  tlit-  side  of  ImmIv, 
dvin;;  out  posteriorly;  anterior  dorsal  <lii8ky,  darker  bcbin'l;  second  ilor- 
Hal  indiifinitely  cross-liariilc*!  with  short  strvaks  of  darkiT  nu  rays;  ouudHl 
iluHky  ;  p<<cti>[a]  pale,  iudi-linilely  lian<led  with  abort  streaks  >>f  diirki-r  vn 
rays;    ventrulii  pule   in  both  .•iuxt'H;  anal  pale.     Vertebral  roliiiuti   <»f  ■ 
single  specinieti)  with  1.^  alKbuninal  and  3(1  caudal  (ineludint;  liyparal) 
vi'i'tebra^.     North  I'Hcill'',  koiiiIi  to  Japan  and  Oregon.     The  spccini<^iia 
horo  dc!«'rih<-d  from  IJristol   Itajr  fColl.  J(fcn/roii»);  Japan  fSteitidncbner); 
Arctic  Ocean  rieur  IJi-riiiK  Straii  t  W.  .1.  Finhei',  Steinilarhuer) :   Ileriii|;  §<?», 
Bristol   Bay*   (Gillvnrt);  iTareiinsky  Bay  (Uarrett-Haniilton.'i;  Port  Clar- 
ence, Alaska  (Scofit<ld;,t    A  variable  specioa.     Length  of  longest  apecimen 
exumiiuMl  by  ns  a\  inoliea.     (barbatut^  ]truvided  with  a  barbel.) 

SitihagonuJi  barbatut,  STEiNnArnNin,  Iclitli.  B<>i«rfign,  v,  140.  taf.  3,  .Sitib.  iter  k.  AcmI.  in 
WiM.,  uuuv,  Joly,  1874:  .loanui  ^  UiLaKirr,  Synopain,  T3S,  188S:  Joboak,  C'»t.,-IU 
1885. 

2ttlT.   nrLtSI^'A  MX,  StarkB. 

Hnad  from  tip  of  snout,  i  in  bo«ly ;  depth  3|  in  bend.    D.  TIT,  7;  A.  11 : 
P.  11;  eyooi  in  bead.     Month  ratlior  obliciue,  the  lower  jaw  inncb  project- 


*  Dr.  (i  itbort  nat(>4  KpcM-tmcnn  from  nnmema*  ntatinnf  in  Brintol  Bay  In  4|  to  TO  ratbom*. 
Tbc  ilaik  liniiil  on  side'  ih  oIUmi  vitv  ittmnKlv  miirked;  tliv  barbel  varira  muck  in  IfDEtk. 
1).  VUl«A'lII,«tO«;    A.tttnli 

I  Ur.  Snjiifbl  Kiven  tlic  [•illiinrini:  ante  OD  fl  iii>eohDonii  takrii  at  Port  CUrtMire,  AlksVa. 
avrrnirini' about  U  iiK'bt^H  in  li'ii|i:lli.  \Vi- have  coiupaml  lliihi  wilb  i«|i(m  tiiirnn  of  I',  bar 
bala  Iroiii  llrin'ol  I^y.  AluHka,  nm\  ^tu\  our  aporiniens  bnvo  n  luurh  longor  h»rl>rl  aod 
■UkIiIIV  luDKvr  iii'i'lorali).  In  »U  oIIiit  |iuinUlhey  nppmr  t«  l>r  lh«  !uune.  Tli<>  b«rbrl  I* 
idliturire  froni  tip  "f  lower  Jitvc  tn  I'dg"  of  (lill  mpmlJniue.  The  2  dor»»lK  vnrv  in  lh«lr 
nmtuiHM*  frniu  ttachothnr.  In  1  ttpi>ciinei]  they  toucb.  hi  tbe  itlheri^  tliry  rar^' in  «liMtAiic<< 
(be  wiillh  of  I  or  S  plute».  Kollowiii);  in  t\>r  tin  foriimln  of  Ihe  niKMlinpn*  T1ie»e  •prci 
■nnuH  ftbnw  a  Hnxiinl  ililt'cn-noe.  T1ii>  fpinnlrA  liavo  *bi<rt<>r  Ti'ntml«  anil  u  Inwar  «malbir 
flmt  (Inninl  Ihan  I  he  iua|i>H.  Tim  llrat  ilnrHul,  too,  ih  wilboiil  color,  Tbu  uuilisa  have  lar^^er 
ventntl  flns  sad  a  large  darkly  colored  lir«l  ilontal ;  ' 


Doraal. 

An.1. 

Pecto 
rsl. 

Sox. 

1 
Ramarka. 

V,7 

VIII, 7 

VI,  7 

VIM 

V  111,0 

v,e 

10 
10 
8 
B 
10 
10 

12 
13 
13 
12 
13 
IS 

9 
i 

The  anal  Injnml. 

Jordan  and  Evennann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     2051 


tn^;  iipixT  cd;,'!'  of  niiixiUiiry  Hlijipiiig  iimliT  iirrorliiliil  for  it«  whole 
Jrnfjtb,  it*  jmslerior  i>hcl  niiilwiij-  l«-tw«'«>ii  tiji  of  Mnmit  amj  uiidclli-  of  eye; 
villifdrm  tevth  on  jawH  iiikI  voiiut,  none  apiturftiHy  on  piilatities;  Iowit 
jiiw  vviMi  11  tli'Hby  tijt,  sciirrt'ly  pruiluci'il  into  ii  liurin'l,  M^■ftr^•l■ly  i»8  lonj;  !ij< 
(liaiiiehT  of  pnpil ;  RuprMnrliital  rim  ]ti'oniiiii>iit,  making  tlie  iiitei'orliif.iil 
spucc  ilt'cply  roni'Bvo;  width  "f  the  littt'ir  iilitint  J  I'yr;  2  ridgos  from  tlm 
inner  i'd^4's  of  Biijtriiorltitiil  rim  run  liuckwurd,  and  are  rontitiunns  with 
dorfiul  iidgi<8  of  liody  ;  i^djjo  of  ]irt<«p<T<']<'  with  S  spine;*,  tbi'  iniddli'  one  th<? 
largest.  Two  l!irtr<"  mi'diiin  pliit<'H  in  I'roiit  of  vcntriils  on  lireiiHt.  u  row  of 
phitcH  iil«ii(r  ciu'h  liitiira!  ri<V'"  "f  )'r«!iHt..  a  l:irpc  pliit<-  on  eiii-li  s:do  of  thi- 
union  Ketwi-tMi  firm  iiiid  Bccoud  uu'tiian  idritcs,  iiinl  hclihid  tln-m  n  row  of 
Min:ill  pliili'8  irrcgtiliir  in  Hize  and  position.  Noniotiitn-s  coiitiiiiions  iiihI  intvr- 
pOMcd  Imtvvecii  (lunliitn  mid  latiTal  jdatca,  :ind  (ioniotiiiifg  allowing  thi< 
eilj;tia  of  irudian  ami  l;tt<Tul  plates  to  toiu'b;  11  or  12  platrs  iu  front  of 
dorsiit ;  spinous  dornal  on  tl  or  10  plati-s.  coiintiiit;  to  <'Md  of  mcnilirsuu); 
l;tti-ral  line  4;i  Space  liotwo-n  dorsul  rid;;*-*  Mtroiiglj"  ronriiv<-,  the  rid^r-s 
L'oiuiiig  t<i;ii'th(r  on  ciiiidal  pfdiinrle,  but  not  uniting',  continiiiug  piirallid 
for  a  tibort  di.ttamo  and  Ibcn  linoaiitig  obsoli-t*-;  npper  latiTal  ridge  end- 
ing ant'iTiorly  on  ahoiit  the  twi-lfth  plate  from  b<-ad.  Lant  ntya  oi  dorsal 
and  anal  ionnr-rted  to  tlj<->  liody  li.v  a  nn'iiihranc ;  spact'  lietw(*eu  dorHala 
aliout  I'qual  to  tire  widtL  of  a  jdatr;  front  of  anal  undwuy  ln?tvv<.'en  pon- 
trrior  end  of  luaxiiliiry  and  Inmi'  of  *-ninti!l;  pectoral  riwicliinfj:  .pmt.  pjiMt 
front  of  spinoOH  dormtl;  \i-ut  diNtant  an  I'yc's  diaim-tor  fnun  Imsi-  oC  vi'n- 
traJH;  lun;;tli  of  ciiiidal  <-r|an)  tn  litta^l  hthiiid  anti-rior  riil^ro  of  ]in|iil. 
L'idor  IdarkiKh.  with  lint*  ]iMn<-nilattoriN;  bolty  white;  u  light  streak  nin- 
n'uv^  Imi'kward  fmni  oyi-  lo  ii])p«t  rdgc  t»f  t;ill  opi'niii;r;  ludow  tliiHan  jii'i-a 
«r;ir€<dy  no  wide  a«  py«<.  darker  tlian  the  rpHt  ol  Ivodj-,  its  lower  edgt> 
sliaqdy  ilelineil  UKninHt  Iho  wliito  tirnlrr  parts  of  head;  chin  Mack ;  dor- 
HalH  and  eaiida!  dnftky:  pi-etoralH  light,  the  rays  with  many  Iduek  spots 
which  <]•>  not  involvn  tin-  nu'niliraiK';  \eutralK  and  anal  white.  This 
Hpei'it's  dilfVrH  from  I'ullaxhia  Iwibalii  iu  having  a  much  HJiorter  barbel  on 
ebiii,  ill  having  '2  luodian  plates  in  front  of  ventral^  in  place  of  3,  and  in 
having  tile  platt^n  b4<lwi<(in  Ihe  inedinn  and  lateral  platiH  much  suialU.'r 
and  lesH  regular  iu  an-angcnmiit.  Iu  P.  harhiila  thcuo  platen  arc  about  il» 
larjfc  us  the  niediati  platux  and  always  iiiti'rposed  butwi'cn  Ihcin  and  lat- 
eral plates,  tho  arrangeuiont  bi-iiig  constant.  Tht?  abdoniinal  ridgcH  ari' 
generally  idoMcr  togt^tlier  in  /'.  n'ls  than  in  tho  norJheni  spiTiiiN.  I'n^rct 
.Soninl  to  tile  Alentiau  '  I^^lnnds;  taktin  wit-li  tin'  «eiiii)  in  groat  Hbiindanc(« 
ill  I'liget  Sonnd,  near  T'ort  Lndlow  ;  thu  hirnest.  iitvirly  5  iuchcs  in  length. 
the  uHte.rs  about  H.  (tt/?,  a  gt>:it,  from  the  pointed  beiird,  or  i\i^,  a  dart«r, 
from  tli«  .slendt»r  fonii.) 

Piilliuriiui  nix.  Staukh,  Vrm:.  C«l.  Ar.  Sol.  IKfie,  ri&8,  pi.  75,  Puget  Sound,  near  Port  Lud- 
low, Washineton.    (Type,  No.  50M,  L.  S.  Jr.  Dniv.  M«».    Ooll.  K.  *'.  Sturks.) 

'Two  »niall  HiHjcitnntM  wcrv  Ukttii  by  I)r.  GiltHTt  iitCMiienik  Bay,  Alaska.  Conremiof 
tbcHe  lie  reinarkB:  "  Wii  ha\v  CMimpan-d  thou*  uptM-inicDii  with  tlip  tvpeii  <if  I'allatina  nix 
uitil  cuu  tiutl  iio  tfood  din'fn*iici<»<.  <lne  of  oiirH(H<ciiiiviiK  Iiuh  3  iiuHlIiin  plateM  in  (lift  fnait 
of  t  li«-  v«'Ti1r;di*,  titr  ntb'^r  2.  (Ilur  n)ti'i*iiueiiM  uf  /*.  hnrbala  liavi*  i<itlipr  'I  (ir  2  medijto 
pliitrs  ill  friiiil  nf  (lie  vi>iilriit«.)  A  few  ol  llic  1v]>e«  Ijove  J'J  |HTtnr»l  rnyii,  trot  tlH< 
luttjerity  tittvo  11.     Kill  r»riiinU:  D.  VII,  0;  A.  10;  P.  12.     D.  All,6j  A.  B;  P.  13." 


2052         Bulletin  47,  Untied  Slates  National  Museum. 


766.  LEPTAGONUS,  Gill. 

Ltptaf/onut,  (Jux,  Troc.  Ac.  Nat-  Sr4.  Pbilii,,  Xlil,  IWI,  llfT.  2S«  (tpin nnmnm n< ^^ «f«apoil«a. 

Uotly  taftfirinc.  ileprpssed :  liea<l  :tl>out5^;  <le|>th  T^  to  9;  width  6|  toS 
ill  total  loii|i;tli.  I'Intea  in  dorsal  Hi-ries  -10  \oii;  5  t<iG  pftira  betvreen  occi- 
]iiif  uikI  tii'Mt  tlorsal ;  huth  rlnrsaU  piesi'iit;  nmiitb  iiif>>nor,  suoot  macb 
)iri)Jcict<iii>;;  tiietli  on  both  Jaws,  jiriiliably  none  nn  vomer  or  palatines ;  5 
pairH  oC  liarbeis  nboiit  moiitb;  iiiiuu  uiiiler  tip  of  suout;  1  pnir  of  rccnrvod 
Hpiiie»  »t  tip  of  HQoiit;  1  pair  of  BiipraiK'iiliir  and  I  pnir  of  oocipitnl  Mpior*. 
(^iill  moinbriines  joined  to  istbniuM.     (ktxroi,  slender;  AgonuB.) 


240H,  l,KPT«fJ«NrS  net  AUONIN*   (Bloch  4.  Si-hneicler). 

lir.  (i;  I*.  V  to  VII. 5  tn  8;  A.  li  to  »;  P.  14  to  16;  V.  I,  L';  C.  34.  Ilody 
diHtinctl}'  uKiro  Hb'ndt^r  ttinn  in  A.  nilafihrnclHn ;  its  ^reateKt  bi-oadth,  over 
base  of  ]iectorais,  ikboiit  [ii  to  8  tiuieo,  auil  (;rcateat  height,  at  the  thiid 
pair  of  dorual  p1ia«B,  .iboiit  7|  t^i  'J  in  total  li-ngth,  betic«  but  little  de> 
prcHsed.  Vent  nearer  basn  of  veiitrats  than  iu  J.  calaphrartng :  abont  2 
pairs  of  plnteH  from  voiit  to  veutnilg  (no  ]i1ate§  medially  between  theiii), 
aud  fl  puirw  from  vent  to  una!  fin.  Di»tau(.'4'  from  tip  of  suout  to  vent  about 
4  iu  total  kMi(,'th.  Rod.v  .ant-eriorly  iienrly  oval,  unjci'lar;  nhdiKninal 
region  rtOnfively  Hhortei-  and  tuil,  relntivr'ly  loD^er  than  in  J.  ••atapMraftmt. 
Itody  ortajional ;  t:iil  lu-xjiuonal,  d^prewsed.  it«  ventral  keel  qniteproniinent. 
Kid;;i'8  mi  i)lat<'s  of  body  and  their  buck  wardly  din-cti-d  spiiu's  iiiori'  pinin* 
incut  than  in  A.  raiaiilDnetiiii.  Kcelfl  of  the  onperior  aud  inferior  lat<'nil 
Heries  e.'<prcially  nharp  on  tail :  .">  or  (5  pairs  of  plates  from  head  to  lirst 
dorsal,  and  !•'  to  V,i  pairs  bi-twcen  vcntrals  and  anal;  from  anterior  end  of 
(irxt  dorsal  to  point  of  nnioii  of  the  dorsal  pairs  behind  second  dorsal 
about  22  paira,  thi-ucf  to  base  of  caudal  14  to  17  luexliau  plnt«(i.  Head 
about  aa  brnml  na  deep,  the  Vtieudtb  about  1^  in  its  len^^th ;  head  about  5i 
or  Hoinewhat  more  in  totiil  lenj^th,  uini:b  narrowed  anteriorly.  Siiont  pr»- 
jei'tinjj  beyond  premaxilliirieB,  lower  jaw  incliidod;  a  pair  of  short 
Hjiwardly  and  backwiirdly  diroctt'd  spines  near  tip  of  Noout;  a  pair  of 
wtroii^r  supraontil.'jr  and  1  of  occipital  .spines;  int<-r<irbital  space  consid- 
<>rnbly  lesH  tloiii  tuii<;itiidiiiitl  diameter  of  orbit;  prcorbital  not  covering 
upper  jaw;  Huborbitnl  without  protiiinint  spine;  no  barbels  niider  tip  of 
snout;  mojilli  Hoiiiexvhat  I:ir;;c'T  than  in  A.  catnphrarln*,  niaxillary  nemrly 
ri'iji'hiuf;  imtcrior  ed<io  ol'  orbit:  ."i  pairs  of  barbels.  1  nejir  and  2  at  tip  of 
maxillary,  I  near  anjjle  of  nioigth,  and  I  (bifurrate^  ont  on  8id<?  on  lower 
jaw;  none  on  hrnuefaioHtrv':''  tnornbrniie,  Orbits  (piite  lar(;e,  their  lon^fi- 
tudinal  dinniotcr  abont  ■\  in  head,  rri'ojiorclo  with  2  quite  Hnukll  Hpiues, 
1  at  its  posterior  anjjlu,  the  other  below  thin,  and  lor  2  smaller  uneM  l»elow 
these;   npercle  Unarmed.     Brauchiostegal  rays  6.     Teeth  fewer  thnn  in 


•  IUapio*il« :   Body  taix-rine  ncUgnnftl  aiiUTlorly,  1icxs};<itial  pontrriorly.  a  llttip  d«- 

to  tii'iwl.  IMnlvH  ill  iliinuil  nerii*^  U,  xnnii'iinicjt  41-4;i:  from  rHCt|>iit  Iu  flntt  dunal  Wt; 
Hi?l.wn4-ii  iifbC.nilM  ami  ntial  10-1:1;  tnttn-cen  ilomalH  6  or  7 ;  5  paini  i>f  barlM'lH.,  3  PO  SBAsfl. 
lury,  1  iti'nr  (iii^U>  i»f  nKnitli.  And  1  flilfarriile)  on  lower  JAW;  t  pair  returvMl  flpinee 


tipuf  sniiiit:  1  iiair  aupniuriilar  aud  I  ol' m'linilnl  nplnoa.  Toelli  on  juirit.  Qill  nwm- 
l>mn<'H  Joinfd  tu  iHthmuH,  Y<'U<>wiRli  ernv,  with  3  or  3  rrmta  bands,  pals  bolow.  B.0  I 
li.S-l.  ZD.btoSi  A^.O<of|  V.U  lolflj  V.a  (1-2);  C.2-0-11  +  !. 


A.  ralajihracluii,  present  on  jaWB.  Firat  ilorsiil,  with  6  or  7  platen  between 
it  iiiid  uruiptil,  with  .'  to  7,  iiHiiiilly  5  or  (i,  Hphies,  its  leiiKtb  isonsiileralily 
jiiure  tbiiLi  itM  liei{{lit ;  ttiiril  uiiil  fourtli  myH  loii}{«st ;  Bucnntl  donal  distant 
I'roiai  first  iibiint  {  tile  k-ngth  of  either  tin,  wttli  5  tott,  usually  Guv  1,  riiys, 
u  little  (iJiui'ter  )>iit.stiin*-vrlmrlii;;berthitu  lirstdortiil;  aiiul  tin  witli  nciirly  \ 
it«  leliKtb  >i<  tVuut  uf  liixt  Tixy  of  simoui)  dciiKiil  him)  eniliiif;  ii.  ltttU<  behind 
I  hi-  iniddlenf  tUi-liit  t«riMHiiitiii'wUiitbi^'hvr  tluiii  tliis  ;iud  with  tl  tti  i^,  nsinilly 
7,  nivH;  p«<-tunil  fni.  about  an  \im^  as  lii-ad,  with  II  to  hi,  UHimlly  14  or 
15,  aiiiiple  rays;  vuutnil  liii  sbort,  a  litllr  aioic  tb.'iii  ^  i>i  pei'titra),  r;k,\i< 
:{{[,2),  tbu  2  Hoft  lavM  of  aliotit  ei|nal  lcn<^b;  caiiibil  luirrow  :ind  loii);, 
itiioiil  ^  in  tidal  b-ufxlh,  witli  I)  loug  ruys,  and  on  rai:li  Midi'2(ir:-t  inbiirt 
oui'S.  Lutrrul  line,  intres  'SA  tu2/i  (t'i)Hett),  ;<()  (KroVfi).  Color  yellowish 
gray,  with  li  or  3  larj^i'  ^'layisb  bi'owu  pat<-bi-H  fimninK  i(nb'liuitt'  lthbs 
li:u»l(i,  lirHl  ab»>v<<  basn  of  poctorals,  HCfOhd  Muder  itosli'Vior  (iiiit  of  first 
diuhiil,  au<l  tblrd  iinilor  niiddle  of  second  durHuh  bt-twrcii  theei' smaller 
iudeliiiito  patches  a)id  (-hmdiiigs;  tiut«,  oKpccially  pectorals  and  traiidal, 
UrowiiiMh  black  towaril  tbeir  tip^;  ventral  Hurfuve  jjrayif-h  yellow;  nu 
each  siib;  of  liuad  a  ijuite  broad  black  bund  frmu  ti)>  of  suutit  acroiss  orbit 
anil  pri'op>;rcli3.  Males  rarer  than  fenab's  (Cullett),  (hstinguiHbed  by  bav- 
iiifr  outer  soft  ray  of  ventral  tin  about  twii'e  as  buij;  hk  inner,  uiore  than  ^ 
of  peetoials.  Yoiinj,'  (infunliug  to  .Steeiistnip  and  Liitken)  witb  ashurter 
und  thicker  body,  iltt  breadth  a)>ont  7  in  total  b'tii;tli,  tail  cuuiprcs.sed. 
Head  broader  and  uQteriorly  Iduiitur,  witb  Homewbai  idilupu;  uioiith  and 
lower  jaw  projeetin;;;  licyoiidl  nppci.  Kielrt  of  plates  Htronjjly  developed, 
with  sbar|i  biiekwardly  direeted  spines;,  longitudinal  keelx  on  upp«r 
and  (iiider  anW  of  tail  distjuclly  doiilile.  Pectoral  and  ventral  tins  )irri- 
poi-tioii.ttely  bingor.  Vent  lies  farther  back,  between  liftli  or  even  •ijjbtb 
pair  of  ventral  plate.s.  Arctic  Ocean,  south  to  Newfouudlaud  ami  Nor- 
way; recorded  I'roni  northern  coast  of  Norway,  east  and  west  of  North 
t'8]H',  but  uot  south  of  70  N.  bit.,  Spit/.berj;en  and  west  of  these  islands, 
betwi'cu  them  und  Keeron  Islaud,  and  between  this  and  Norway  (Uollett); 
Faroe  Isbtuda  iind  leelaud  (L.iitkeu);  (Ireenlnnd,  spreading  ns  far  south 
ai4  NowbiiiiKlland  with  the  cold  ocean  currents.  T)r.  Iteinbardt  liius 
aliuwii  that  tbo  iish  described  as  Cottut  calaphracliin  from  (JreenbiDd  by 
FubriciuHlittlonKS  to  this  Sl^ecius,  and  that  Itbich's  stateinent  that  the  lypr 
of  tbu  Bpeeiea  came  from  the  Fast  Indies  is  erroneous.  It  is  a  deep-wator 
species,  found  in  12:i  to  "Jfift  fiitboius.  at  u  ti'itijienitun- of  +  l.*i  '  V.  to — 1.1" 
C  (NordhavM  ©xpeditiou) ;  "»0  to  IL'O  fathoms,  iu  the  Varaugerliord.  Here 
desorili«d  from  pupent  uf  CVdIutt  and  Liitkeu.  and  from  suiall  specimtMis 
from  Upernavik.    (Eu.)     (Sena,  tt'u;  yc^yin,  anglv>.} 

Vullni  calaphractui,  KxiiUleUis,  Fauna  Gripnl.,  I&5,  1780,  Greenland;  nut  of  Lm^£UB. 

AiioHin  drciifjontu,  Uu>CH  A  3<-^U.'<tll>Ktt.  Sj«(.  Iclitli..  1,  105,  pi.  27,  1801.  erroneously 
recorded  from  the  EtBt  Indies,  the  type  came  rrom  Greenland;  OI^KTHKa.  Cat.,  n, 
215,1»W:  INiLLETT.Nurgeu  Ki«ke.  40, 187S;  LCTKK.V,  Foroliib.  Meddfl.  ^^unl.  L'lkrllsks; 
ViileDnk.Mrdilol.  fra  dvn  Niiturlnst.  Foi-pD.  KJoli..  381,  1876;  Cou.btt,  Fiske  I'lit  Xurd 
liavH  Ex]Ntlltl<iueiiii,  Soium«rtiii  1678,  Clirist.  Vidousk.  Svliik.  *.  Furh.,  No.  14,  p.  W, 
1878;  Cou.ETT,  Nurxko  Mardtiava  Xxpvditiuii,  I876^1»i78,  Zool.Fiskn.  44,pl.2,n|{a  1). 
12,  188U;  JoKDAN,  True.  Ac.  XitU  .■vi.  PliUa.  188;<,  193;  LuXJEiiouu,  SwrigM  ucb 
Norgoa  Fiskar,  FdrsU  Uitflot,  103,  lBt(i-«4. 


c 


20&4 


Bulletin  47,  fhtitcd  Stales  National  ^^usfKW^. 


Aipi'lophnruM  «]niuuu*i  in  Tin,    Kukvku,  I>  Ulb.  Itiilra;;.  Nuliirlii~t.   i'i<l«Vr..   I.  2bO,  If 

Greenland  ;  KiiiiYKIi,  Oiiiiiinnl.  N'^yajtrg  vii  Svauil..  civ..  ZcmiI.  Atlaa.  I*oi»4t,.  pt.  i,  li-%,  I 

au -sa,  IMS. 

Atfi'iitilionu  m*UtrmM4n,  Dm  LoHuouANns  Mvm.  Soe.  Una.  de  N'onuuuUr,  Imim  a.  It7, 

At}ii<luphi,rut  drrainmiu,  (JCVIRU  A'  VALKKl-IKN.VEii.  Uiat.  NftL  FoiM.,  tv.  223.  ISWi  J. 
Ueixiarit.  Sr.,  llvrra.  over  dvU  Kniiijsl.  Dannkr  Viit.  SrUk.  «.  Korh..  53,  IJQO-mS' 
KiiOrKU.  U'hth.  Illdra);.  Xaturiiist.  TiiM»kr,.  i.  'm.  IMMS.  Klto\Bii.  Oaimiuil,  Taj- 
»!;<'■  un  S<^an<l.,  Lnpnoiiin,  nlir.,  7.un\.  Allan,  Pcilsa.,  pi.  S,  IIk".  l*-i<l,  184S. 

.4j/»Hiij  tpinotittimiit,  t;('Nttl£U,  <  'itl.,  11,  214.  1X60. 

I^plaijanun  irjriiiuiiiiunnu;  >i  ir.L,  Vrw.  Ac.  Nnl.  Sui.  Plitlit.,  Xtll,  IHSl,  m. 

Braehyiim*  detwjoniu,  Johdan  &  GiU!iiiiT.S)'iio|>siB,  Fislins  N.  A..  727,  lifO. 

767.  PODOTHECUS,  (Jill. 

Pndatheetu,  GltX,  Proc.  Ae.  Nat. Set  DilU.  .xiii,  1861, 77, 2St  {ytritltthnt  =  acipmMrim 
Pnrafftmu;  <!iu,  Pnw.  Ar.  N»t.  Si  i.  PtiUn.  xiii,  18B1.  IIH.'JM  lnrij»-n/wr<n«<). 

Itoilj  tupcriiig  iicarl.v  nnilbrinly  from  heuil  to  cnudiil,  iilKnit  as  bij^b  aaor 
tiigbtM'  tbnn  iviihi  iiiit«riorly;  depth  nlioiit  6  to  8  iiicbeM  tii  leugtb;  hcuul 
ikbotit  4,  I'omiirusHi-d;  phites  iii  ilorHiil  si-riea  about  :t5  to  40,  1  or  5  }iaini 
b«-tvvi-en  ui-t'ipiU  »ud  tirnt  ilorsul  fin;  ^ill  membruTifn  juinvd  to  istiiuiiis, 
without  free  fobl;  no  i«-attere<l  hnrb(?l8  iimler  biwer  ji»w  oroii  braui-hio«t«- 
gal  iut<u)br»n<.'a;  *-' couitilv.v  kiuu|>m  of  luirbolsoa  under  side  of  tip  of  utiuutw 
atKitUi'r  gr<Mi)>  lit  I'Ui'h  angle  of  nioiitb  ;  usually  a  fi-w  Imrbt-lM  at  bkIcs  of 
[lori'.s  nncier  lowtir  jaw;  tip  nf  nuoiit  with  iisuiilly  '2  pairs  of  sharp  rilotidifr 
H[iiinj8,  thii  aiiti-rinr  ilirii'tcd  forward,  the  ponterior  oiitn'iird  nud  back- 
ivard,  Minitli  miiatl,  iiifi'iior,  sn<iut  projectiuK  fur  beyond  it.  Te«tb  oil 
liuth  jawH  few  and  iivoiik,  Homt-tinii-H  tvitntitig  un  I  nr  both  jaws;  uonr 
(in  roiiior  and  ])alntines;  piiiteM  of  body  s]iin(niK:  1  pair  of 'jiipntucnlar 
and  1  pair  nrcipitiil  apiius;  Itoth  dor;«jil:«  prrsent.  Thi«  genus  is  verjr 
dost;  to  Aijunitt,  ditleriuK  mainly  iu  tbi'  spiuoiis  pl.tt4>3i  of  the  body.  Ttis 
onmorori!)  6pec-.ii-H  ditfur  niucb  iiluonf;  th(<iusclvi'M,  (;roi''9,  foot;  dffKTf, 
box;  from  the  gronvo  for  the  n'0<']it«cle  of  the  ventrnla  whirb  Appt-nrv 
through  tb(^  shrinking  uf  the  nnked  ttkin  iu  preiBiirxed  .iperimens.) 

a.  IMnttifi  iiji  i-antliil  |]«iltuiclp  nil  VkT  ncurly  all  anniHl  each  with  A  f*|iinr. 

h.  Ititrlwlii  Vh'Iow  «Duiit  very  uunii-ruim  and  litrftv,  unf-le  uf  niuiilh  with  niaji;  Iwr- 

bcli,  AC<.iPITKIl.  34**. 

f,  Dfii-iwl  rays  VIII-B;  t«)th  wiilt  ilorelupod;  flna  all  Ttry  higb,  tin?  |K<rt<)rBl 

emarginatp  in  tlic  adult,  it*  luugest  my*  If  In  txemA;  v«olral  long,  aoal 

raya  10, 

cc.  Doraal  rays  XI-4J;  l««tli  jircHeDt ;  Uux  nioderal*:  pooloral  nnt  pinsr^uiat«, 

vcntnil  ubi^rt ;  anal  niys  9.  flAMum,  2tl*. 

6*.  Barbela  ivimnamtivrly  ft«w  nnd  «i<<D<ler. 

d.  Doraal  ntya  Vtll-H;  tevtii  In  iifipor  jaw  nlmoAt  uli-Kilete:  Ana  modt-rata. 
pectoral  nut  viuarKinutv,  1|  111  licid;  vontrol  very  aliort:  aual  ravt  V. 

ItlUIBBTI,  J41J 

M.  Doraal  raya  IX-fl;  Ana  am&ll ;  ventraLH  loufi  aiilea  anil  t«|i  or  IicuhI  iriih 

very  large  rn'»t!» ,  anal  raya  6.  •moM^'SOM,  HIT 

aa.  Plateai  iin  caudal  peiluiicli'  inuslly  nut  vuiling  in  »|ilne8!  tinit  mtlmr  luw,  llie  ana) 

rayn  7  or  8, 

«,  Teolli  Wdll  ilnvelopcfl ;  barbela  Mow  Kuunt  and  at  uasXf  i>r  month   long  »nA 

uuiiifr.iiin,  Ai  iriU«0KRl.vi.-s.  24IJ. 

tt.  Teeth  wanting   In   tlio  adult:    InirlmU   rutlior   Hniall   anil   a]»arao;    iutAy   ool 

evrrywIiiTe  dwper  than  vtide;   the  laudul  imhIiiucU  very  lung,  ainudar. 

and  daprvaaed.  vma5ir&,  S41( 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2055 


urn.  I'ODllTHKt  I  S  ,in  II'ITKB,  Jordnn  li  Storks. 

Hfiid  3ij  in  k-iigth;  ilvptli  tJi.  |).  VIII,  9;  A.  10;  pt-ctoriil  15;  lat- 
eral pliiti-H  3i>;  cyi'  ii  in  lii'iiil;  rttioiit2i;  a^'Cdtid  iloifiul  nptne  1^^  Ht-oiiii<l 
4liir»i»l  my  U;  tbiril  iiiiiil  my  l.<;  caiiiliil  IJ;  iipiirr  riiy  of  j»rt'tor!il  li; 
vi'urrnla  '1^.  Hotly  <1inij^iit4-,  not  coniprcssod  ;  hi-iul  triiiiif^iiliir  an  virwc*! 
fioiji  jilitivf;  tUr  itmtitli  Willi',  cntin-ly  iiil'erior,  /[_  ^  -nljitpcd,  the  lower 
Jiiw  obuttiii^  Im-LIulI  till-  iipixT  liy  :i  diMtitucu  ('()(i:il  to  ^  I'y:  iiiuxillury 
iiiit  ixnirliini;  <)iiit'i<  to  iiiit)>rt(il'  urhjtal  riiu;  diMt:int.'i<  of  iint<<vinr  e>l^(<  uf 
ii[i]M'i'  lip  I'rom  tip  of  rnstnii  >>pine)<  ii  ]ittl«  more  thiin  j  yyax  t(M>tli  in 
Hppi'r.jiiw  aluiDst  oliHoli'ti',  villifcinn  luuids  nftt'rlh  in  lower  jaw,  wide  in 
frtnit,  lii'ciuiijng  niirrow  utxideH;  vuiuor  und' pal.'itiiios  tDOthli-ds;  :i  pittrL 
iif  tliiik  ImrUulH  bi'low  snout  in  front  of  mmitli.  iht-  liin<4;<gt  i-ipial  to  vlm- 
lii!:il  dianii'tiT  of  <-yf,  »  oiniiliir  ]);itidi  at  tiiil  ut'  in;ixill:iry,  aliotit  i-i|iial  in 
lenjitli  to  tho  nliortuHt  on  sntmt;  2  wliort  barbels  on  t-aih  .tide  of  lowi-r  lij) 
Ui'twi'rii  syinpUyMiK  auil  an^lu  of  uoiilL.  \  piiirof  Kbort,  t^barp,  icmUiil 
spiiii's,  poiutjni;  din^tly  forwani ;  ill  tbcir  hunt}  iiud  niinb  vviilei'  apart  iH 
a  pair  of  H|inie«  wltiidi  point  upward,  liu4-k ward,  and  Kli;;htly  outward ; 
rnnnin);  liackvv  iirri  from  tbi'Sn  are  tlir  rid>:i'8  tbat  bmmd  tlie  wid«  jjroovo 
iu  wliicb  tbi*  maxillary  [iroi'i'HH  titi^ ;  tlii'Se  appriiarli  i-ai'h  utlirr  Ixdiind 
aud  I'uil  in  nliar]*  spines  wliitb  point  backward  and  up  ward,  tlicHc  «piin>!i 
ijjiilway  bctwri'U  uiiddlit  of  <'y«'  an<l  tlio  B|iiu<-M  bebiud  rostral  Hpiiies;  a 
pair  of  larjjfe  spini'.s  above  poati-rior  tbird  of  ey«',  and  a  piiir  of  large  onfs 
at  <H*<.'ipiit,  \Aiv»ti  coiitiuuiiiiH  with  tlie  iip]>er  ridgeii;  a  curved  bridge 
runniiif;  from  aiipt-rior  orbital  rim  aud  fiidinj;  id  a  suiall  spint^  jn«t  nbore 
iipenlc;  a  Hciiul]  ridfir  mj  oprrcli- ;  pn-opt^rrlo  witb  a  liirgo.-tpiBe;  ai^uiijdx 
of  npiocs  lieluvv  eyo  at  lower  edge  of  suborbitals;  running  from  thuin  to 
ti]i  of  sDont  a  Hdfjo  alon^  lower  cd^ro  of  pri'orbitalN,  sonu'wbat  irrcfjn- 
lar  Imt  vvitbcnit  opines;  iut»Torbit!il  upjico  widf  iiiul  det^ply  concave,  a 
jiair  of  ridjces  on  i-iifb  itiib'.  loni'i'ijjiiig  forward;  (n;praorlatal  riui  promi- 
iienl  ;  anterior  nostril  Miding  in  a  sbort,  wtiii>,  conii-al  papiltn,  with  a 
siiinll  opening;  at  the  apex ;  no  nttticeabh'  deprcHsiou  at  orcipnt.  Dorsal 
ridges  cuuvergitij;  from  Ibc  nccjintt  to  bcdiind  tin-  soft  dorsal,  nuitiiijjf 
oil  tbo  second  ]dati'  bebiul  tbe  liOHe  of  tu^t  dorsal  ray,  euutimn-d  a:4  a 
tiiu^le  rid^<j  oD  almllt  8  plates  wiii'ie  it  liecoincH  idiijolrti';  the  npper 
lateral  ridge  follows  tbe  course  of  tbo  lateral  liue  to  about  tbe  middle  of 
spinous  dorMul,  wbere  it  Hliint.><  Mbarply  upward  and  is  continued  to  tail 
uhove  lateral  lino;  lateral  line  midway  between  upper  and  lowi^r  lateral 
ridgoM  jiosteriorly ;  a  sinjjle  spine  above  base  of  pectoral  iudicating  an 
(disulete  riilgo  between  tbe  lateral  ridges,  lower  lateral  ridg(>  becoming 
oliHolete  under  peetoral  on  '2  or  3  plater*  bobind  its  biiao;  abdoiainal  ridges 
widest  a])art  bebind  bai-o  of  veutral.s.  uuiliDg  direetly  bebiinl  anal  base 
aud  running  simply  backvTard,  beeonitng  obsolet*)  on  eauilal  petluiieb';  all 
tbe  ridges  with  sb;iii),  reeurved  cpiiiPB,  with  Ibe  exception  of  .'ibdoinioul 
ridges  bebiud  part  of  anul;  wliMo  tbe  dorsal  aud  anal  ridges  disapjiear 
tbe  caudal  pedniieie  asHiiiues  a  <iuadraDgular  sbapc,  the  corners  being 
framed  by  the  spines  of  tbe  lateral  ridgea;  no  row  of  apiues  arotiml  base 
of  enodal  or  pectoral.  Fius  all  bigb,  origin  uf  dorsal  betwovn  tbe  fourth 
and  tiftli  darsal  plates,  tbo  fin  to  base  uf  liiet  spine  coTeriog  6  plates,  the 


2006        BulUtin  ^7,  UniUd  SUtks  National  Afuseum. 


uionibnine  covering  2\  nuire;  the  secomt  nml  tliit-tl  8pine«  tbv  lou^C'l,  u 
uuMubruiie  ciMUiectin;;  tbo  last  wpiuc  to  tbi>  bud,v  lor    ita  wfaole  length, 
wlioii  I'm  is  depre.s»e«l  thi'^  •■n<U  of  lhi»  luat  H|)iui'J<  ri-acb  t<i  the  front  of  Mc- 
oiiil  (lorHai;  tbn  sci-uml  ilurNiil  to  the  fiid  of  last  my  covers  8  plat«s.  the 
inoDibrane  cuvfi's  1  more;  tbe  eecoixl  aud  third  rii;«  lire  tb<^  Ion^'»t,  the 
last  ray  Ih  conuectcd  to  the  body   for  ubnut   \  of  ita  )cuf;tb ;    b&«v  of 
iiiml   t'uv«riug  8)  platca,  tho  rays  very  long  iiod  uot  tliH'ering  much   ill 
length,  thu  la«t  ray  not  conaected  tu  body  by  a  lueiiibraiio;  tlio  tin  lioj^ina 
ill  friiiit  iif  soft  dorsal  but  is  iibmit  uotcrminona  with   it,  ita   riiyx  when 
dtiprt'tiaed  reaching  piist  i^mli  of  soft  ilorKa],  riMvcbing  ti  plat«ti  pMst  biue  of 
it«  lust  ray;  jieftonils  biirely  r<-ii<-hitig  to  tip  of  last  dorsul  »piDe,  the  Ito 
pointed  above,  tirst  and  socoiid  rays  tlie  Imigfat,  the  lower  rays  prodnced 
beyond  tbo  iiu<uibranc<,  uiuking  a  notch  in  post<.Tinr  outline  u{  fin;  ori^iu 
of  veutraU  directly  below  base  of  pectoral,  their  tips  reaching  6  plat«s 
beyond  their  baJMi;  caudal  long  and  truncated;  vent  direi-tly  behind  bika* 
lit'  vciitriilM.     Color  tight  brown  abo\e,   white  below;    back   with  uiiiuy 
Dorrnw  lirowii  liar.-' placed  at  irregular  di.Htauucii  apart;  boiul  with  many 
blended  brown  Hputs,  1  under  eye,  1  on  front  margin  of  eye,  1  or  2  on  lop 
of  heail,  1  behind  eye,  1  mi  prcorhital,  a  similar  sjiot  on  base  of  pectoral 
rays;  pectoral  dusky;  first  rlorsal  with  3  rows  of  3|H>t«  acrosa  the  rays, 
a  very  niirrow  brown  l)ord<'r  to  fin,  second  dorsal  with  similar  epota.  not 
iirniuged   in  rows;   anal   light  above,   uniform   brown   bolow;    ventraU 
white;  uiuidul  fin  dark  at  liatte  and  3  or  i  dark  sjiots  toward  miildle  of 
ftu,     Oclititsk  Se;i ;  one  Kpeciitiuti  collected  ut  Knbben  Island  Iiy  (.'aptftta 
lilair.     It  is  8  inches  in  length,     (accipxler,  a  hawk;  in  allasion  to  tbe 
largo  lius. ) 

Vudothtcut  aeriyilrr.  JORDAN  6i  STABK><.  l'U<C.  C^].  Ac.  ScL  18B6,  816,  pL  88,  Robbcn  klasd. 
(Coll.  Copt.  J  G.  Bliur.     Type  lu  L.  S  Jr,  I'lilv.  Mns.i 


S4I0.  rul>OTHi:i;i/i$  (UNUM.  JonlHD  \  Gilbert,  new  speoiM. 

D.  IX  to  XI-8;  A.  !>  or  10;  I'.  15.  HeudSf  in  len^h:  depths  not  inclnd- 
lug  spines  of  dorsal  jdatee,  Hi;  width  at  base  of  pc<;torals  7*;  length  of 
caudal  pednuiie,  frotii  base  of  last  uual  ray.fS;  snout  long  and  slendrt, 
depressed,  produced  beynnil  the  nionlh  for  adiHtaucee()nuling  a  little  le«« 
than  ^  ita  loiigtli,  the  tip  formed  of  ?  spines,  tho  space  Wtween  wLiib  ie 
covered  with  nieinbrane:  a  pairof  strong,  nearly  erect  spinenat  their  b»ae, 
betwemi  which  ale  2  or  'i  very  siiuill  spines  on  tbe  median  liue;  a  second 
pair  of  strung  spines  at  piwteiinr  end  of  ])reni;Lxillary  fossa,  the  ridges 
lioiiQiling  which  m:iy  bear  1  or  mure  p.'iirs  of  hiu:iI1  prickles;  prooperde 
with  a  wide  wing-like  crest  terminating  in  u  Miintish  spine:  snoat  long 
iiiid  slender,  its  lateral  profile  concave  as  seen  from  above  or  below  ;  sub- 
orbital crest  with  ;i  very  strong,  backwardly  hooked  spines;  iiiterorbital 
space  very  mirrnw,  deeply  rmicave;  tins  all  low;  supraocular  ridge  strong 
and  much  elevated,  the  interorbital  space dee]ier  and  Qarrower  than  in  any 
other  aperies  of  this  group.  ItM  least  width  If  in  orldt;  (Hiatorbitiil  •spina 
Hinall;  ridge«  ou  sides  of  auoiit  uiiiintely  serrate;  ail  irregular  group  of 
Hiuall  spiuea  above  and  behiud  anterior  uoatril;  lateral  ridgoa  of  bv«d 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2057 


with  3  iiuirs  i>f  very  strong  barkwardly  iliret-lcd  spineH  in  line  -n-itli  the 
f;io:it.!y  oxpiindeil  [ireiiptirriiliir  ri(I^'i>;  tUo  pn«U»rior  portion  <if  thia  ridge 
produrwil  into  a  couipresaed,  liliiutiBb  ])ro<'ess  wLii-h  uvcrliiji.s  the  sub- 
uj»er«]u  Jiuil  rcacheH  luiir^iu  of  gill  opeuiiin;  (ipercular  mid  tpiiqiorul  ridges 
li>w  jiud  Mhiirp.  Tei'th  prt'seut  uiv  .jaws  iu  thu  young,  becondnj;  nearly  or 
(|iiit«  idiauleto  in  tidiilt'*;  in  the  typo,  IT  utu.  iuun;,  ii  few  weak  tveth  on 
one  Hide  of  upper  jmiv,  but  tiono  eluewheru ;  vomer  :iud  piilikttues  tonthlesK. 
A  cluster  of  14  biirbpls  »n  <>a«;h  side  of  lowr-r  siirfnco  of  snout  iu  front  <if 
mouth,  iiud  a  cluster  of  tl  occupying  end  of  miixillary  nod  angle  of 
mijutb;  caub  side  of  Kiwer  lip  with  2  biirbels;  gill  ruembriiin;»  wldtdy 
joined  ti>  the  istliums,  without  distincl^  free  t'oUl  posteriorly.  IMates  on 
body  with  very  strong  spim-s,  those  of  thu  dnrsai  series  the  lfirg'>8t,  but 
d<>rreii8ing  rapidly  biiukwanl.  bi»ioraing  much  sinalkr  than  the  lateriil 
series  under  the  seouinl  dorsal  liu;  a  iiietlian  series  of  short  sharp  apiues 
still  persintM  along  entire  back  of  tail  after  tho  coulluence  of  the  dorsal 
serii's;  the  hiteral  series  lower  anteriorly,  the  upper  row  persisting  to  gill 
opening,  the  lower  row  now  liecoukLiig  obsolete  alKiiit  1  plates  l^ehind 
nxil;  tho  alidoniinal  series  benr  short  sharp  npiiies  (longer  in  tho  young), 
bucoiaiug  obsolete  ulong  anterior  pottiou  of  nnul  tin;  of  tho  dorsal  series, 
4  are  in  front  of  tin-  tirst  iloraal,  10  (or  !H)  along  base  of  first  dorsal,  1  (or 
\\)  between  dorsals,  !)  along  base  of  second  dorsal,  15  along  bacik  of  tail, 
the  lirst  of  the  httter  being  tho  plate  \\\  which  the  dorsal  aerica  first 
becomes  L'oniluent;  auti^rior  portion  of  lateral  line  running  idong  upper 
lateral  series,  gradnjiUy  dcscendiug  to  middle  of  sidesi  where  it  runs  ou  a 
special  row  of  plates  which  hear  no  spines;  where  the  lateral  line  begiua 
to  ascend,  3  of  these  becortic  conllucnt  with  correspouding  plnt«s  of  tho 
upper  lateral  series;  iu  ndvauce  of  those,  5  members  of  the  series  again 
appear  dlatiuct,  conaidersibly  enlargi-d  and  bearing  spines ;  10  pores  iu  the 
lateral  line;  tins  all  comparatively  abort  and  low;  pectorals*  reaching 
twelfth  plate  of  upper  liiti-ral  series,  the  longeat  ray  ei{iialiug  length  of 
p^nout  uml  \  eye;  rays  becoming  rapidly  shortened  below,  the  lower  5  or  6 
slightly  thickened  with  exaertcd  tips;  veutrala  very  short,  ucit  exceeding 
length  of  saont  before  laoiith,  not  received  into  longitndinal  groove.  We 
cimsider  it  very  doubtful  whether  such  a  groove  exists  in  any  of  tho  other 
species  of  this  group.  It  has  been  described  as  existing  iu  the  types  of 
P.  ijilbrrti  (CoUett)  and  P.  ptritlelhui,  Gill.  In  both  cases  tho  typi;  speci- 
meus  were  iu  a  poor  stale  of  preservation,  and  the  groove  was  prnbaldy 
due  to  asolVutug  of  that  longitudinal  strip  of  the  abdominal  wall,  which 
includes  the  anal  opening,  and  extends  backward  from  tho  base  of  the 
ventral  tins  and  is  interposed  between  the  tirm  outer  series  of  voutrul 
plates.  That  such  a  aoftcniug  had  occurred  in  the  type  of  Podotkevan 
t>rrifiiethit»  ia  evident  (rotii  fiill's  statenient  that  the  ventrala  had  drojipcd 
out.  This  view  is  rendered  more  piobabic  froni  the  fact  that  I',  pt-rute- 
thiitia  apparently  identical  with  the  coniiuon  P.  aiipeiDsirinuH  wbii-h  <:on- 
tains  no  such  groove,  Wi^  have  also  examined  2  of  tlio  typo  o(  P.  gilhvrti 
without  lieiiig  able  to  aatisfy  ouraelvea  td"  the  e\isten<o  of  any  special 
groove.  The  dorsal  tins  are  cloaely  juxtaposed,  tho  interspace  including  1 
or  1^  pairs  of  platea.  Tlie  base  of  the  lust  ray  of  second  dorsal  ia  midway 
3030 52 


20r>8         liuUdin  //,  United  States  National  Afuseum. 


between  biiae  of  csiidal  and  origin  of  spinouB  doraal.  Color  dark  or 
browniiih  ubovi>,  with  ii-ruffiilar  xpots  or  daahcs  of  darkrr,  which  do  not 
Ibnu  (leliuite  crow  bars;  a  black  Htreak  from  eyt^  to  tip  of  snoat  pnniog 
onto  lower  aide  of  roHtral  npines;  a  dark  blotch  on  expanded  limbpreoper- 
cle;  »  bliM-k  Bpot  on  bam)  of  middle  xx^etoral  raya,  the  fin  very  obocnrely 
marked  with  duHky ;  dorsal  spines  and  rays  with  lint^ar  dark  markings,  1 
or  '1  black  spots  near  tip  of  spinous  dorsal  anteriorly;  under  parts  inclnd- 
ing  fins,  unmarked.  Two  Bi>ocim<'ns  from  A\hairo»m  Station  3653,  ofi' 
Sbana  Village,  Itump  Island,  in  18  fathoms.  A  yonng  individual  fhnn 
AlhalroH*  Station  9&Ui,  off  l{ob)M-n  Island,  18  fathoms,  seema  to  belong  to 
the  same  speciea,  Itut  has  the  snout  ii«8  produced  and  the  dorsal  VIII  6; 
anal  H.  (We  take  great  pleasure  in  naming  this  species  in  honor  of  Hon. 
(;harlefi  Sumner  Hamlin,  late  Assixtant  S<HTetary  of  the  Treaanry  nnder 
whose  auspices  the  fur  Heal  investigations  of  1896  and  1897  wei«  caiiivd 
on  by  the  I'nitcd  States  Fur  Seal  Commission. 

J'odothtnit  hamlini,  Jokiian  &.   <in.iiBKT,  Uejtt.  Fur  S(>al  Invest.   1898,   1897  KB.,  off 
Shana  Bay,  Iturup  Island,  Kuril  Croup.    (Tyitc,  5682,  L.  8.  Jr.  Uuiv.  Mua.    CoU. 

AU/atrom.) 

2411.  POnOTRECrS  OILBKRTI  (CoUeU). 

Head  about  4;  depth  71  or  8.  D.  VIII,  8;  A.  9;  P.  17;  V.  I,  2.  Body 
deeper  than  wide;  octagonal  to  end  of  dorsal  and  anal  tins,  hexagonal  on 
tail.  The  curved  spines  of  the  dorsolateral,  tmperior  and  inferior  lateral 
riilgcH  Htroug  and  sharp  as  far  as  base  of  caudal.  Ventral  series  of  plates 
spinous  to  origin  of  anal,  uniting  behin<l  it  to  form  a  single  series;  donuil 
serii'H  uniting  into  1  behind  s?cond  dor8al;  abont  12  to  15  well  developed, 
radially  Btrint<.Ml  plates  without  tubercles  or  spines  on  breast;  a  few 
median  plates  between  ventrolateral  series  behind  vent.  Head  4-hedral, 
taperin-;,  ('lieeks  vortical,  orbit  large,  high  up,  about  equal  to  the  concave 
iuterorbitiil  space.  Supraocular  and  occipital  ridges  high,  with  crennlate 
edges,  the  former  ending  in  a  sharp,  tho  latter  in  a  blunt,  spine;  suborbi- 
tal ;inil  oi)erciilar  bones  radi.-illy  striiited;  suborbital  ridge  low  down  on 
cheek,  thin,  with  cieuulato  edge  iintl  a  small  sharp  spine  at  its  posterior 
end;  i)reoi)erclo  with  a  high  thin  keel  with  serrated  edge,  ending  in  a 
strong  blunt  spine;  rostrum  projecting  far  beyond  promaxillaries,  with 
a  pair  of  spines  at  tij)  directed  forward,  another  ]>air,  farther  apart,  curved 
backwaril  and  outward.  Maxillary  reaching  about  to  front  of  orbit; 
lower  Jaw  very  short,  broad,  fiilling  far  short  of  upper.  Teeth  on  lower 
Jaw  weak,  lew  and  excessively  wi^ak  on  ujiper  jaw,  none  on  vomer  or 
palatines.  A  grouj)  of  barbels  under  tip  of  snout,  another  at  angle  of 
mouth  (s]>ecinicn  \\\X\\  mouth  in  bad  state).  Dorsals  separated  by  abont 
'i  pairs  of  ]dates;  anal  begins  a  little  in  front  of  origin  of  second  dorsal; 
]>ectoralH  abont  H  in  liody,  their  base  nearly  3  in  their  length;  rentrals 
(male?)  abont  :^  as  long  as  pectorals.  Lateral  line  about  35.  Color  appar- 
ently browni.sh  or  yellowish,  with  well-detincd  dark-brown  spots  on  sides 
of  head,  back,  ami  sides;  the  spots  largest  along  sides,  some  of  them  as 
large  as  the  osseous  plates,  smaller  on  b.ack;  apparently  a  dark  band 
from  front  of  orbits  to  tip  of  snout;  dorsals  with  dark  patches;  a  dark 


Jordan  and  EvermanH. — Fishes  of  Norlk  America.     2059 

spot  on  Imae  of  pectoral.  K»ui(-b»tku.  Thin  itccount  taken  from  I  of  th» 
type  HpeciiiitiiiH  pn^seuttMl  *  to  llii-  tioliiiul  .Stutiford  .lunior  L'uivorsity 
Muwiun  by  Dr.  CoUett.    (Nuuwl  for  Charlect  Iloury  Oilbcrt.) 


P 


■  Tlir  fullimriim  i»  l>r.  Culli'U't  diwrilidlnn  first  (lututl  «  mhoihI  ilnrKal  hnr  0.  anAl  lU 
iir  1 1     jiet'toriil  15  tu  17.  Idlrrjil  liur  JH.     I'lirlMMlv  in  vurx  i-luii{rAt«ifl  mud  ninipri'^atwl.  i-:k||ic>r 

biL'li  ill  (milt,  iind  lur-  ■-'• i,..  ■     i      |i^  i..  .,,i  .  ,.,, ..,.  ,i _.,.... ,..    ....   .  i  ,,.„|^^ 

(••|llal^  Itn"  Umifili  uf  ' '  "I'lio 

iHi!  i'>f'uiiinri-ii4i'<l,  liii'^  'I'lin 

lii>ni|.   liA  Ifhclli  isi  III,. , ;......,  ^ ,, ,  ,  ; .  .  ,  , -^^  ,  .Mi'x  iiiH>iii  ;i{ 

liiiK-N  in  till'  txtiil  Iriitili  ii  ii{iclnl  iiii  liiili-il)  Thus  iii  \  n|N'i-iiiiuiiii  ol  ilillcrt'iil  olri'x  tlia 
pro|KirtioiiH  iirv  thr  fi'llowiiii: .  Tulal  If^tiKth  IH;f  iinii.,  bnui  It^ii^tti  'A-KA\  liiiibA :  tutnl  Irii^rdi 
X'K  liiiii..  liKitil  I")!:;!!!  :i  7:i  tiiiKs:  toljil  lii|ii;tli  277  iiiiii..  hriwl  loiiulli  4  01  (liius:  lutut 
loti^fli  IMH)  iiiMi.,  Iiruil  K'ii*.;th  4  u'j  tiiiK-H.  Sitijiit  vt'r>  Imi;;,  A  llnirH  ]iiti|;**r  Icir  piort*)  lliiin 
IliM  iiilcrttrhilal  n|i:ir(<  itwl  wi^'u  tlio  Iuum-m  nf  llii«  NiijiriUH-nlar  i«^>liii>i«|.  ]*ii«ti>ririr  |»IU't  uf 
Ihi'  luHiJ  ooiiUMirjturly  *HM»«tlli.  ITu' ii>li'riirliil*il  nparn  i'Atl>f>r  loiiciivn:  im  nuatlntiigiihir 
|itl  nil  IIm' iiri-iiHii  III  fnint  iif  fill' iltrrmil  fliwilt-if.  J'/.\o  ri)iii|iitrHtivcl,v  )iir::i« ,  iiic  hnrlrontnl 
itl«niii|<-r  u  llltlx  iHriiur  lliati  Lhi'  vcriii'iil.     U  m  rimluiniii  a  hMl«  iiiim>  t)ian2  tiim'n  lu  llm 

li'ii;;lliuf  |]>e  "iii'Mt.  nu'l  r«tli«-r  w--'-  ■' '  ■■■■:■  ^  ■■■  >'-     i,      .i     ,<  m  ,.  liemi.    cim  on 

Ifiwur  MkiltMiT  Kiioiil  fill  fitiiil  uf  f>  iliti  .iiiwn.i    't'lif'ir 

1>>ukIIi  ■'•|unU  tluit  III  till  rti.'.     M  |iriiniutllliirlf«  |4> 

tipiil  riixlrll  «liiiii"*  ulniiit  ■'•|Unl  t"  \'  .     i.<    ..  mi  in.   jhwh,  viiinrrliiii  or 

tmlnlini-  tii-tli  liuiui.     Ariiniltiic  '  like  lliul  nr  A.  iicijx'fUrriniM,      L'lie 

nwlriil  xiiiiK'S  4.  X  pnijivliiiit  Imri  iH'biiiil  !)■<>  llrxl)  niivi'il  lniiKuunl, 

A  llilnl  |i«ir  on  llio  •-nniit  KiHii  1i  m    i.i    y  inintli)'  rvsluil  aiiiiiiim.     i  Irbiliil  rliipi 

with  u  witi^ln  uplii*?  i'4ii|>tiuH'iilur  Iii»  jirtiiculAr} .  tlic^  limi-.r  rifl^n  lliii'ly  iferratrril.  (ki'ciii!- 
tKl  rtil^i'^.  iiiH^rfuiIinn,  niiil  priHi^H-n'tiJtiiii  iim  In  A  ,  iif\}tfnMi\nug.  Util.  Mm'  njiliici*  iiKiro 
paliili'<l  mill  l(iii>:''r.  Siil>»rl>>tiil  wiili  k  duiilil"  riiljii'  at  its  Ioitit  iiiiir;:iii.  ltie>  ii|i)ier  Hiliso 
wltb  'J  ilixtimt  Bpinin  Ik-IiIimI,  uml  a  tliinl  (aiuiK.liiiifii  tnilliluit  ■>  nl  r<|iiiil  illKlnnc^  Troiu 
tlio  I'Vc  iiml  III"'  ti|i  of  Mm  nnniil.  Ili';iil  »  illi  iiliiiiif  11*  ilutiiiil  Kpiiiiv,  (iIIiil'<.||iit.  AriiiA- 
tiirii  111  IiihI^\  :   I'liitcA  on  I  hn  liiirk  mill  HtilcH  (iC  Ihr  luiiiii' iiiiiiiti«>r  ai^  ill  .1   •  "i,biit 

tbi*  dpinca  i\TV.  loiiKrr  Hiiil  ciir\'ril  iiiui'4^  biuilo^jiril,  uml  Hlroiiu  «>iri\  \-.  :  •  lul  tiv 

CHUiliil.     lU'tWi-FD  till'  '1  iloniiii  ki-cli  iiikI  Inl  U.I  II  the  'J  lut.'iMl  ki'i'U  ili>  .m  ca  of 

aniitb<<r  l<<-rl  (nx  in  .1.  i'»(>'>iii.  Ilp'unl  «  ilb  hIhiiiI  M|>ul\uiiniil  |<|{ili'a.  i  <>i  wnun  innii  n 
st'iii'o  on  cacb  inl**  iitmI  'i  n  mrilinii  m  rim:  biufii  t.»t  iHM'liirHU  nml  x  HiitniU  ulmi  Ntirri'itriiUst 
wllli  pialca.     Ail  Ibi-  pkaK.->  liavcu  sbuit  aiiiuc  mtbelrcvutec.     Uurrial  |>latc»uuiubi  rini;— 

IMaUM. 

Kroraoffcipflt  to  ftrsf  <1nri>«i (p»lri..    i 

Klrat  iliir"   '  '      _  over — - - .....do....     8 

Ib-twi'Kli  : do 3 

HtH'iiudil"  ii:,;  nvnr do 9  f  1 

Frutli  aiH'.mil  il.irhiil   III  lillulU] (»lD(tlii)    .    15 

Tbo  ^liirval  ki^^l  (roab'Hrini;  witb  th«*  kiml  oii  tlii*  iitbiT  «!(]■'  nl.  ibi'flAiHnitti  ptnt<*ill  frvnt 
at  till'  ruiiiUI  lid)  \»  itiiianiurnltj  lonipiiwrt  nf  US  uf  3tt  platna.  thr  luwrr  lateral  keol 
oik'D'tini;  frnm  Iowit  Iiumi  ol  tlio  rjiuilul  tu  buau  uf  Uic  IcitlJi  |>uctur)il  ray.  coutaioa  3i 
platan.     Abdotllitiiil  platra  nilliib»rlui;— 

PUtOH. 

From  vi'iitnil*  to  nun) ..•«.<■•«..... ........i... ....IpAlrl..  II 

Tliv  anil  I  rilciKllnir  ovrr. . . i|<i |i> 

Krimi  anal  tu  taudal . |slngl<<|..   17 

Tlii>  AlxliiiiiiiiRl  kl>^l  irnalM(>IUK  at  ilia  axvaiitix-ntli  plate  iofruntnf  tliccamlikl)  lafDnnml 
by  II  anria'ii  of  'Ol  platen.  lateral  lliir  <IUtlii<'t;  'M  iiorca.  Kina:  In  l|ia  lu  itiwcmuua  at 
pTVWUt  piv««rTed  In  ttio  innaoiim  at  Cbriatiunla.  Ibii  tin  raya  are  the  loUoniug; 

I  D.  8        3  l>  «        A    lu        I'.  17  17 
S  »  IQ  I  10 

»  »  \0  10-18 

8  a  10         i.vio 

■  8  10  17-U 

8  8  tu  17  >7 

8  a  10  10  17 

»(+l|  »  11  lfl-17 

8  N  III  15^10 

*  »  10  17  17 

Flrat  (Inntal  boelna  lieliliiil  tli*  fonrlli  ilnraal  plair  ami  baa  H  raya  (I  Apoeiman  hna  an 

IwlitltloTi^l  -iIi'TkI'T  rir  In  l^if  ^|i5rr  hrf\Ti-rn  ttin  'J  rfnrviN)  Jin  t-rljjiir  rqii.i|a  UK  clititaiK^ 
friiiii  I  '"iniH-n  the  fourlb 

uii.l  : '  ■^.     Soi'oiif)  iliiraal 

'  i*  I  pairuf  plat«a 

■All  Uw  •peoUnow  Mo  In  •  bad  *Ut«  uf  i^roMirvaUiiii  .miL  nxut  of  Uio  iMtbnU  are  lott. 


2060         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum, 


Agonuf  <filberti,  Coi.LBTT,  Proc.  Znol.  Soc.  London  1R94.  070,  pi.  4S,  Kamchatka.     (CoU. 
Henry  Lund.    Typen,  Mu8.  Christiania;  cutyi>e,  2783,  L.  S.  Jr.  Dniv.  Mas.) 

8413.  PODOTHECDS  THOMPKOM,  Jordan  &  Gilbert,  new  speciea. 

D.  VIII  or  IX-fi;  A.  6;  P.  16.    Head  rather  broadly  trinngnlar,  its  great- 
oHt  width  acTot<8  prooperonlar  rid^ros  f^rcHter  thuu  distance  from  anterior 
end  of  preopurcular  ridge  to  tip  of  snout.     Lateral  ridge  on  head  contiua- 
OU8  from  tip  of  snout  along  Hui>orbital  bones  to  base  of  preopercular  rrest, 
the  lateral  spines  nsnal  in  this  gcuns,  being  represented  by  triangular 
prot'cssc-B  Vtonie  on  the   ridg<-;   preopercular  ridge  produced  posteriorly 
beyond  gill  opening,  but  not  spine  like;  snout  terminating  anteriorly  in 
2  rounded  prut-csses,  eiicL  bearing  on  its  upper  Hurface  a  vertical  crest,  and 
finely  serrate  along  its  marginn;   no  terminal  pair  «if  strong  spines  as  in 
other  spe<-ies ;   under  side  of  snout  with  an  acute  median  spine  directed 
downward  and  backward;  a  pair  of  Rtroug  spines  on  upper  side  of  snout 
behind  terminal  nostral  ri<lge;  a  pair  of  coalesced  spines  behind  the  nos- 
tral  groove;  a  semicireular  series  of  spinelets  below  the  eye;    two  small 
tufts  of  filaments  on  under  side  of  snout,  one  on  middle  of  maxillary, 
and  (me  at  its  tip.    A  narrow  band  of  sharp  teeth  in  each  jaw;  vomer 
and  palatines  toothless.     Gill  membranes  united  to  isthmns  without  evi- 
dent free  fold.    Orbital  rim  much  elevated;   interorbital  space  narrow, 
deeply  concave,  its  width  A  diameter  of  orbit;  occipital  ridges  strong, 
elevated  posteriorly,  ending  in  a  backwardly  directed  spine  which  is  much 
larger  than  those  of  the  body  plates;   occipital  area  narrow,  deeply  con- 
cave, its  central  ])ortion  sunk  B(miewhHt  below  level  of  interorbital  space, 
from  which  it  is  separated  by  a  shallow  transverse  groove;    a  similar 
groove  behind  occipital  spines;    area  between   occipital  and  temporal 
ridgi'S  also  deeply  concave;  a  strong  opercular  ri<lge.     All  the  plates  with 
strong  spines,  iuclnding  those  of  the  ventral  series;  the  weakest  spines  are 
on  the  anterior  plates  of  the  lateral  scries;   plates  on  breast  with  central 
8])ine  and  radiating  ridges;  dorsal  series  with  fewer  plates  than  in  other 

lii'rori<  the  iiii]inirml  nerics  bcj-iiis.  Anal  lint  cmiiiiicinly  10  ray«  (in  1  Hperimen  11);  Hit 
lici^ltt  i'4jiih1h  that  of  tin-  Mf^roiiil  dorsal,  anti  is  rittlicr  Ichh  than  titat  of  the  tirnt  dorsal.  It 
roiiinn'iift'S  betweoii  th<'  i^Icvenlh  iind  twrWlb  pairs  of  sralcn  in  th«  abdomiual  aeries. 
Vcntral.i  Hliorl  in  the  I'nnabs,  shorter  than  tlio  vertical  dianii't<'rof  the  eyp;  longer  in  the 
mail',  equalling  tho  hn';tli  ot  the  Hnoiit.  Karh  ha.s  1  short  snino  ami  H  articnlated  raya.  2 
of  Mliirli  are  dividc<l  at  thrir  bam'.  They  are  re<*iveil  in  a  longitudinal  common  groove 
{"  J'odotheeut").  IVetoral  lias  Ifi  or  17,  rarelv  l.'V  rays,  some  of  which  ar«  Hontetiuies 
bran<'hed  in  their  n]i|ier  halt,  but  not  alwa\  s.  ^he  iirst  ray  is  short,  about  cnual  to  ^  the 
aecoudray;  the  lowermost  rays  a  little  thicker  than  tho  rest.  Us  form  is  a  little  eniarei- 
uatc,  tlie  iifth  hiwcr  ray  hein^  a  Iritle  longer  than  the  sixth  and  seventh.  The  tipext^'udg 
t<t  a  distance  from  the  anal  of  2  or  li  ]ilati-B.  Color:  jrrayish  hrown  with  dark  spots  and 
shortish  bauds:  Is^lly  \vhilish.  On  tlx;  upper  ]iart  of  the  head  Ih4>  spoilt  form  longitudinal 
bands,  1  of  these  Isiii^^le)  rimninx  down  in  the  median  line  of  front,  between  the  eyes.  A 
second  (and  more  distiml)  hand  extends  on  each  shle  of  the  snout  from  the  tip  to  the 
anterior  margin  of  the  eye,  hence  niiining  under  the  orbital  rim;  in  .some  specimens  it  is 
continued  as  a  narrow  rini;  round  the  eye,  but  conimtuily  this  is  broken  and  indistinct. 
On  tho  opercles  ami  the  sides  of  the  snout  the  spots  are  ronndish  and  well  marktHl.  On 
the  IsMly  also  the  spt»ts  are  roundish,  barely  oblong,  their  si/.e  equalling  that  of  the  pupil. 
They  are  darkest  and  most  distinct  on  the  liiK'k,  beinusoiiieiinies  almost  obliterated  on  the 
sides.  The  color  of  thellns  is  rather  indistimt  in  the  badly  preserved  specimens  before 
me.  The  pectorals  have  a  dark  oblong  spot  at  their  bases  (from  aljoiit  sixth  to  eleventh 
ray) ;  the  diirsals  have  :!  dark  bars  separated  by  whitish,  and  w  ith  the  tip  in  first  dorsal 
also  blackish  (in  scc(uhI  whitish).  The  Ciindal  has  a  dark  cross  bar  n  little  l>ehiud  the 
base,  :in<l  u  dark  nnirgiu.  The  an;Ll  is  apparentl\'  whitish  to  the  margin  in  the  female;  in 
the  siiighi  male  specimen  at  least  the  iinter  half  is  blackish.  Kamcbutka  (tyxic  speci- 
mens iu  the  (Jhrisliauiu  Museum).    (Collutl.) 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fhhei  of  North  America,     20(!1 


Bpc-cies;  3  in  front  of  spinnim dorsal,  II  (orl3i  along  luisci  of  HpinuuHalorsiil, 
2  for  1)  ljctwi-en  ilorsulw,  (i  at  base  of  soft  doi^iil,  U  (or  13)  aup:iiii-d 
plates  on  biick  of  i-aiulal  podiiiiclti.  Tlio  unpaired  plates  with  tho  spine 
uoti.'Led  nttip;  all  the  plates  marked  with  strong  rudiating  ridges  nnd 
the  snrfuce  of  ibe  spines  n]iniit«ly  roughened,  (^olor,  light  gray  ittii>\  e, 
whit<<  below;  top  iind  siiles  of  head  with  black  dots  und  dashes;  back 
crossed  by  six  narrow  l>la<'lc  bars.  Distinguished  front  all  other  spocieis 
iif  tlu'  genus  by  thi'  grrat  development  of  the  hitoriil  riilge  mid  spines  on 
head.  This  givos  the  he:id  and  esporinlly  the  snout  a  mui'b  broudvr  outline, 
approaching  iu  this  n-sprct  .\gon\ir<  niiiiiihraetut.  The  species  is  rcpre- 
muited  by  several  youug  spuriuiens  in  riithcr  poor  <-iinditiuji,  the  ty))0 
being  53  mm.  long.  The  outline  and  armature  of  the  lii-:id  are  nut,  how- 
ever, essentinlly  different  in  y<u]ng  and  adults  of  sui-h  spci-ies  us  are 
knowit  to  us  from  spei'imens  of  different  sizes.  Otf  Shiin.n  Hny,  Itnmp 
Island,  Kuril  tlrunp.  (This  spei-ies  is  name<I  in  honor  of  I'rof.  l>'Aroy 
Wentworth  ThoHipHou,  of  thf  I'uiversity  at  Oiindee,  Ihe  connni.ssioner  of 
(treat  Britain  iu  the  fur  seal  iavestigations  in  Bering  S<<ii  in  1896  ami 
1897.) 

PmlolhMin  themptnni,  JOBDAN  &  GILBiUiT,  Rcpl.  Fur  S«iil  Inveol.  ISOfl,  1807  MS.,  off 
Shatia  Bay,  Iturup  IMand,  at  Albatross  Station  3653,  in  IS  fathoms.  (T.V|>o,  Ifu. 
fiWIT,  L.  S.  Jr.  Univ.  Mu*.    Coll.  AtbalroMi.) 

8*18.  PODOTUECIS  ICIPESKEHIMIS  •  (Tilosius). 

(Common  AujaATow  Fish.) 

B.  fi;  ID.  8  to  10;  2  D.  7  or  8:  A.  7  or  8;  P.  17  or  18;  V.3<I,  3);  C.1-12-1; 
vertebni'  12  +  L1>^41.  I'yloric  cn-ca  7  (2  uidividuftls).  Total  length 
reaches  10  inches.  Hody  us  drop  as  wide,  ridges  of  dorso-  and  ventro- 
lateral series  stroug,  while  those  of  the  rest  are  hut  little  developed,  thns 
giving  body  a  sharply  <|ua«lniDgulnr  form  in  front;  dor«al  ami  vt-ntral 
facet*  ll.1t  between  ridges,  the  lateral  convex.  Kohind  middle  of  tirat  dor- 
Bul  the  laterid  riiljjes  boi-onie  more  iiroiuineut  and  body  more  regularlj* 
8-hiMlral ;  tail  f>-hedral,  strongly  depressed.  The  strong,  curved,  uiinately 
serrated  spines  of  the  dorsolateral  series  grow  smaller  from  occiput  back- 
wiird  and  disappear  at  l>eginuiiig  of  second  dorsal ;  superior  lateral  series 
spinoiis  from  middle  of  first  dorsal  to  middle  of  peduncle;  inferior  littoral 
series  spinous  for  a  «horC  di.stnnce  from  a  little  iu  front  of  to  u  little  behind 
anal:  ventrolateral  series  keeled,  not  spinous.  Two  pairs  of  plates 
between  last  ray  of  second  dorxal  unil  tirst  median  plate,  and  2  to  -I  pairs 
between  last  uniil  ray  and  lirst  median  plate.     About  :^i>  well-devebipinl 

■  PIsjiDOniil:  It«(ly  tApvrlni  nniromdy  from  lienit  tn  raiiilsl,  a«  hiyli  na  wlile  nnlnriorh 
width  lit  lm»r  of  (HM-lorrfU  T  in  Iriii^l),     i.mI  Idiiu  tr^tut  uf  uhm)!!!!  iluraul  tn  t  uuthil  iitii<  li 

4lt(t>r4«4HtMl  ;    Ivi-nil    4:    1llj,t(^<.    tt)    illM  ~  r    to    ,IH  ,     iKTlwf^fll    (M-I-I|illl    Atltl     i  '     I 

(MtiK.  li"!  wt>i'ii  <lori.ll*  I'-.r  :i    11'  .  .lOJtl  ID  t.i  II  |i»ir^     liill  rnem'  1 

l<l    mtlllllUM    WllllUlll    ll'lll,    imtwll  'I     |M|IjltlUI'«.       A    IMIll    Ul    t<"fll|'l'-  .1 

li.-irli«<l»  <>n  >k|»il<*r  mu\v  ut  tip  «it  Att«.ul,  aiti.ther  i;roii|i  ut  nn^li*  of  month,  iittU  .t  p.iit  (if 
tliMililii  Imrlji'lfi  III  oiili'*  III'  luwr.liiw  8iiniil  with  -  |i«ir<  of  kjilupii.  I  liiiir  illriTti)!  hurl 
»iiit»lly  tcirw»r<l.  iIib  ullirr  riirviiiti  liuckwurO  jiIkI  oiilitiinl.  I  Uir  (uitr  «upriuM<{ilar  iiiiil 
I  ]Mlr  (Ha-ifiirAl  itpimn,  Cnldr  gruyUh  browB,  yellowiiili  livlow  ;  aitlo*  wUU  lutrruw  otidn 
UUuK  votlicol  bui'WKli  aUMka. 


t^^m 


2062         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


pl»tc8  on  breast.  nr!tiicliiostep:nl  luembrnnes  and  lower  side  of  man- 
(lililn  every w)iere  naked;  two  or  3  moderate  plates  in  front  of  pectoral 
tin ;  membrane  between  ventrolaterals,  bebin<l  vent,  with  nnmeroas 
imperfectly  developed  plates;  none  between  ventrals  and  vent.  Head 
4-hedral,  tapering  to  a  long  Hnout,  its  width  6}  in  length  of  body,  nearly 
vertical ;  orbits  high  np,  about  4i^  in  head.  Supraocular  ridges  high,  with 
a  very  strong  spine ;  occipital  ridges  long,  rising  gradually  and  ending  in 
a  single  strong  spine;  temporal  ridges  moderate,  ending  in  a  small, 
suprascapular  spine ;  Kuborbital,  preopercle,  and  opercle  radially  striated ; 
suborbital  ridge  low  down  on  cheek,  shelf-like  in  front  on  preorbital,  with 
2  small  spines,  a  minute  one  on  preorbital  and  a  strong  one  on  preopercle. 
Opercle  with  a  alight  ridge,  minute  spine  or  none;  interorbital  space 
concave,  about  3i  in  bea<l,  flat  between  the  supraorbital  ridges,  covered 
with  skin  and  with  2  minute  ridges  extending  upward  longitudinally 
from  nc;ar  the  mesothmoidal  spines ;  rostrum  projecting  far  beyond  pre- 
maxillaries,  with  a  pair  of  spines  directed  horizontally  forward,  behind 
these  another  pair,  farther  apart,  curved  backward  and  outward.  Snout 
from  prcmaxillaries  to  tip  of  spine  equal  to  orbit ;  maxillary  reaching  ttKm\ 
of  orbit;  lower  jaw  very  sliort,  broad,  falling  far  short  of  upper.  Teeth 
weak,  few,  excessively  few  and  weak  on  upper  jaw,  none  on  vomer  and 
palatine.H.  A  pair  of  complex  groups  of  barbels  on  under  side  of  tip  of 
snout;  another  group  at  angle  of  month,  apparently  made  np  of  4  subor- 
dinate groups— 1  near  tip  and  2  at  tip  of  maxillary,  and  1  at  angle  of 
mouth ;  a  pair  of  double  barbels  at  sides  of  lower  jaw.  Dorsal  fins  close 
together ;  anal  beginning  a  little  in  front  of  second  dorsal ;  pectorals  about 
6  in  body,  their  base  2J  In  their  length,  nearly  truncate.  Ventrals  of  female 
equal  orbit,  in  male  twice  as  long;  width  of  caudal  at  base  3in  the  length. 
Lateral  lim-  'M  to  39.  Color  grayiHh  brown  above,  yellowish  below,  sides 
with  narrow  undulating  brownish  black  vertical  streaks  in  intervals 
botwi'cii  pliites;  first  dorsal  with  a  broad  band  of  darker  along  middle, 
black  edged;  pectorals  with  .a  dark  bar  near  base;  several  more  or  less 
distinct  cross  bars  of  darker,  formed  by  long  dark  streaks  on  rays;  infe- 
rior third  of  tin  ne.irly  uniformly  dark;  ventrals  light  in  female,  dark  in 
male;  anal  edged  with  black  i)ostcriorly ;  caudal  olivaceous,  tipped  with 
darker.  Length  10  to  12  inches.  Kamchatka  to  Piigot  Souud,  in  mode- 
rate depths,  everywhere  the  most  abundant  of  the  family.  Very  common 
iu  I'uget  Sound.  The  specimens  here  described  from  the  Aleutian  Islands. 
According  to  Ur.  Cillbert,  tills  Is  one  of  the  most  abundant  species  in 
Alaska,  occurring  everywhere  in  shallow  water  around  the  Aleutian 
Islands  and  in  Hrlslol  It.ay.  (acijunsiriniis,  sturgeon-like;  Acipenger,  stur- 
geon. ) 

Aijoniis  aeipentrrinvx,  Tii.Esirs,  Mfiii.  AcaH.  rrtcrsh..  iv,  422.  pi.  11,  fig.  163. 1811,  Unalaska; 

UOnther,  ("ill.  FiHliia.  ii,2l2,  IKfiO:  .Iom>AN  .V  CiLBKBT,  I'rfM-.  f.S.  Kat  Mtis.  1880.  3:)2. 
Pnd'ilhecus  prriitilhiis,  CiLi,,  I'roe.  .\c.  Xal.  Sci.  I'liila.  Xlll.  1861.   77,  259,  Simeahmoo, 

Washington  Territory. 
I'halaniri'<tfs  aeijiniarriniig.  I*aIJ.as.  Zoog.  Kosso-Asiat.,  Ill,  110,  pi.  1811. 
Afj>iilO}ihnrut  ncii>enK(riiin.i,  CuviKK  A:  Vai.f..\c1F.NX1.8.  Hist.  Nat.  Voiss.,  rv,  207, 1829. 
/•odofAcri/.*  (r(n>c>i«fn«ii»,  JoKUAN  A  Oii.hkbt,  Syiiiipsis,  7:10,  lRS:i. 
Paragonut  aeipeinerinitt,  UlLL,  Proc.  Ac.  Kiit.  Sci.  Pbila.,  xill,  1861, 167. 


Jordan  and  Evermaun. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2063 


9414.  rODOTHECUS  TKTKRMJS,' JonUo  &  Starka. 

Iloiid  3t  in  l6ii};t.h;  iloptli  71-  I).  IX,  8;  A.  8;  ftciiles  in  luU-riil  line 
:W  or3!t;  jH^ctorni  13;  orliitl^  in  head;  Nnoiit  2t;  upper  rays  of  peetiinil 
\\ ;  highest  darsal  opine  1\ ;  hijLfheHt  ilorsal  ruy  'II  \  Ingliest  una]  ray  2? ; 
riiudal  'Ik.  Dud}  eUmgah-,  aUout  im  wide  as  deup  Miiteriitilv,  luiich  wider 
tliau  d«6p  poftteriorly ;  month  inferior,  the  low<ir  Jaw  Bliiittinn  fur  behind 
the  up{H»r;  teetb  <ui  jiuv«,  vomer,  and  palatines  irliwolute;  :i  few  short  bar- 
bels beneath  Hnoiit  in  rrniit  of  luoiitli  und  at  angle  nf  lUiiiith,  th<'ir  Innjjth 
about  e(iii;tl  tu  ]>iipi1,  tower  Jaw  very  eiivernoiiH.  A  pair  of  short,  blaut, 
rriRtriil  spitie^i  pointiiii;  directly  foiwunl;  at  their  base  ai>d  wi4ler  a]iart  is 
a  pair  i«f  sharp  Bpinrs  ctiiviug  outward,  backwaril,  and  upward;  at  the 
linsteriov  eiiil  »f  the  rather  wide  rostral  groove  is  a  pair  of  small  .ipim-s 
piiintlu<;  upward  and  bai-kwjird;  from  their  base  a  pair  of  tUviT^ing 
ridges  run  through  the  inttTorbital  to  aliove  ponterior  miirgin  «f  orbit; 
a  stronjj  spiui"  overi»3'e,  auil  a  lontfiT  one  at  orciput;  a  low,  sbitrp  ridge 
on  aide  of  head,  niiiutng  from  onilar  «piiio  and  ending  in  a  low  HjMue  at 
upper  t^nd  of  gill  oponiog;  a  very  low  riilge  on  opercli:  not  unding  in  a 
spine;  ]ireopeie1e  with  u  strong  opine  with  a  wide  keel-like  bane;  a 
Iiookrd  Hpiiie  below  eye  on  suborbital,  from  whieli  a  ridge  ruua  along 
lower  edge  of  ]ireorl>ital  to  end  of  snout,  below  powterior  end  o("  rot^tral 


■  AJIied  to  Podo(A«eiu  r«<«miu  la  >  ChluMe  apeciea : 

PODOTKECUS  STURIOIDES  (Guivhvnot). 

D.IX,8:  A.IO:  P.15:  V.I,2.  Dpnth.  at  ii»pe,  8  in  totAl  length.  Body  «l»!i|{»U>,o«t»g- 
oiial  in  rroiit,  niiirli  uttmiimlml,  toiil  Iti-comiue  pcntagonMl  linliimi^  fvcryuberii  covered 
wltU  okiuiuuh  raiUuUy  HtriatM],  kcvlix)  i.ilat«i  whloli  kto  bightT  thun  loiitC;  die  keola  with 
difntlcuUteedKBi  and  CemiiDaUni:  iu  I'M^'lvwanlly  dlr^ictetfaiiiiieii,  diniiliifr  S  lonclMiititml 
avritui,  1  on  eaoa  side.  Brenat  in  frout  of  pootormbi  :inil  tiii'iViaii  lln<>  uf  l>t-lty  Rnneil  u  itii 
aniidlcr  iwlyKonal  plateit  with  ki'cls  ar  tubercloa,  bot  wjllioiit  liiick wanlly  dir»cto<l  M|>iueM. 
Sriont  poali-iil  (uot  dirHlrd  at  ttp>.  rnrmlni;  a  stronK  projection  in  front  m'  moiitli.  and 
Bnnii'wImI  renomtiliiii;  tliiil  of  Hit-  aturctoui  arnu'il  at  lU  iii>  wilh  '.*  yaSm  ul  itpiDvn,  tlio 
niit<^rliirdire('t«il  furwnnl  ( ft  mid  tliepor-t^'rior  ui>wnril  and  Imckword:  tlte  (""tiy  |iiucei»  of 
wliii'li  it  Ih  <-(>iijp^iHr<l  witli  llioir  «'(l^r>4  d4>ntii-ii1[itr.  am  nrt^  tlit*  Alinrp  ki-i^ln  of  tin.*  iiiilKtr< 
liitalM;  u  atroiij{  liot^kwardiy  kiirptit4id  ^pino  4clai»i*lv  a|iiirox.lniat4Mt  uiittal  ;iptiit*f«)  on  niiilillo 
ol'  HUOiit,  I.atiral  iicK'  luarkrd  l>y  nii  int4<mipt»l  ftrriijii  of  niiiall  tu1)nloun  And  oiuitoiia 
(<I«vttLi<in!i.  Htid  lien  Itftu'tx'ii  Chi^  'j'niijaovnt  interiU  Acrii'i  uf  piuleH:  (■orumciii'iutr  »t  hrlebt 
of  Hiinuld^r  It  dr.<4iTfHfM  n  slightly  convox  f-nrvonuil  b>*TidAa  littii*  to  run  in  »  (itnUitht  niie 
to  liiwK  uf  raiutid.  Xfoiilli  uTittle  protrtMtilf.  witli  lli-iiliy  lip*,  iind  nitiiati'd  fur  Iwliiiid  tip 
of  Huimt,  clift  M  far  bat^k  xa  fmut  of  «yo.  Lower  .(aw  witli  nxtretnelj-  fine.  v«i|v«tv  tiwlh  j 
nonf  nn  upper  jaw  nor  nn  vnmor  or  poulinea.  A  group  of  lout:,  iinc^iiiiil,  tlienliy  tjlameiita 
or  IntrVHslH  iit  oncti  iincl'*  uf  uT>(i«r  jaw  nod  under  li|>  of  snuuc  -,  uiidtr  <uu.'h  bmuoli  of  lowi-r 
Jaw  3  otlient,  wbkh  arn  tixvesHividy  Hniall.  Kyea  larn\  ovnl,  on  line  nitli  prt^flli-,  iut«r- 
orbital  apart?  a  little  uumave,  equal  t<i  '°tran!!vi!n(o  (vertical  ^i  ilianict'i'r  >if  orbit.  A 
projecting;  tTiijercIn  or  npine  on  jioatcrlor  iipp4;r  port  of  orbit,  anil  iknotlior  on  «^Hrli  Hide  uf 

i>o«t4<rior  piirt  of  occiput,  lloraulg  Hepanilpd  b}'  an  intorvul  eipial  toevc:  the  anterior 
nwi/tf  than  poHti-rliir;  llii'ir  funu  vltiplic^l,  tbi'ir  lioigbt  nearly  e(|Ual  to  that  of  body; 
ttinir  r-ivH  Hlemtpr,  (Ii'n|I>]4<  iit  tlp»,  <i«]M'ciftlly  tlioj*  of  posl<"rlnr  lin.  t'octorals  largv, 
nearly  as  long  uh  IibihI:  upper  ray*  u  litiir-  longer  than  thowo  next  bvlow,  deoreasinaerad- 
uallyto  lontn,  wbcncn  Ihcv  iiirrcaoe  »  little  andajiain  docreaiM>  by  degrees  to  last:  oluwer 
ravn  liiickeat,  tlicir  tipM  ii  JHtln  vx.'>ert<-d ,  rays  all  siinplr  (not  branclird).  Anal  rominono- 
iui;  Muder  end  of  llrst  dorsal,  which  it  MjualH  In  len!;lli  and  hei(;lit.  <lrl|;in  of  veurrala 
nndcr  buao  of  pcct^imls:  they  are  small  (tipR  br"k"n  in  the  sinsle  individual),  apparently 
of  .'<  ray-N.  *'.'iui1al  lone,  its  lionb<r  niiimti'd.  ;ilH>ut  M  iti  bitul  l>>M|;tli.  Color  yellowisn 
brown,  palter  bt^low,  wttli  a  very  11);lit  bhick  oiiurtulation  and  niuru  or  h^sa  re^uUir,  njund 
brown  spots  on  liisid  and  body;  spots  smullir  an  hai-k  limn  elsewLcrft;  a  sjjot  of  sninu 
form  and  color  on  base  of  pcctornls;  pectoral  lias  nnirurni  yellow ;  dorsals  with  bniwn 
upon  rays:  a  dark  bonier  on  spinous  (dorsal):  a  dork,  narrow  baud  fnim  anterior  iKir- 
dcr  of  eye  to  tip  of  snout.  A  sin){l<<  aiH'olmen,  10^  inches  \o\\%.  t.'hiiin.  (liiiiciienol.) 
ilnichcnot's  B^arc  (;ivos  I  mom  ray  in  anteriiir  dorsal  than  thn  description,  and  gives 
tha  caudal  tiu  as  strongly  concave     \itlurio,  atur);eiiu:  tllxn,  likeness.) 

Parapsnuj  «(urioidu,  IJCICIULNOT,  Noavelles  Arcliiv.MaMam.a02,pl.xn,flg.3,Chiiia. 


2064         Bulleiin  #7,  United  Stales  National  Mu 


groove;  on  tliin  ridge  is  a  triaugnlar  spine  pointing 
thi.s  anil  tlie  Hnborl>it:il  apino  is  an  !irut<-  odtwanUpoiit 
uiiu'h  wiilencd  at  it«  biwo;  intcrnrbital  roiii'uvp,  its  wiild 
Length  of  tlif  oye,  2  in  smmt:  siiiiruorlntiil  rim  proa] 
ri<lKe  ol"  liody  continuous  "with  occi|iital  and  Hiipraorbitai 
its  fclliiw  of  the  opposite  «id«  posteriorly  dirwtly  lioli^ 
doraal,  iiml  i-ontiniied  Aiinply  on  ca<idal  i>oiluncIe;  the  sg 
Htrungly  liookcil  bmk  uiit'orturly,  becouiiuK  Ufiirly  obsol^ 
only  tnirBtthli-  im  iiiiiclal  peiluitclo  by  the  t;iMit«r  of  eaal 
niediaa  lino  boiiij;  uligUtty  produced;  Mpinc!*  on  lat<-ri 
utronger  spiui-B  nenr  iiiiddU'  of  Imdy  than  anteriorly  or  pcxif 
blunt  iipiD<.<»  tibovc  1iaac>  of  ]>cctoral,  indicating;  nn  oUsolfte 
lateral  ridges;  lateral  lino  at  «nd  of  pectoral  tin  rnnning  a| 
lateral  ridgo  u  short  distani'i',  and  b<'Coiuing  olisolete  aot 
of  abdimiinul  ridge  low  and  blunt,  nearly  olisolete  postt-rl) 
joiniui;  \X>  li-llow  of  the  oppoaitis  nidi'  directly  behind  base  1 
cuutinuin);  uh  a  Hinj^le  low  ridge  on  caadiil  ]iediincle;  a  suia 
base  of  each  ventral,  a  inD<liau  row  of  3  runuini;  forward 
brane,  3  on  i-ach  vXAy  of  these,  a  row  around  base  of  pect-orj 
dorsal  behind  the  fourth  dorsal  plate,  iucludiDR  the  luembn 
tovcrs  9  plate!*;  1  plate  between  dnrsalK,  the  second  dorsal  a 
behind  which  are  It  {dates;  the  last  my  of  tirst  and  sfM^oq 
ana!  (connected  to  the  body  by  a  membrane;  up]ier  ray  cM 
longi'Ht,  I'cachiiig;  to  below  the  ninth  or  tenth  spine  of  doi 
lower  rays  Hlightly  prodmed  btiyond  the  membrane.  Co 
reddiwh  br*)wn  above,  liyht  lielow;  narrow,  irreg-iilar,  tram 
aoroSH  back  and  sides,  a  loTiKltudiuul  dark  bar  along  each  \ 
both  dorsals;  a  dark  xtreak  forward  from  eye;  margin  of  | 
blackish,  soft  dorHal  with  a  smiill  spot  behind,  a  dark  spl 
rays  near  their  b:i<je,  and  some  d:irk  bars  behind  it  acroac  I 
ventrals  colorleitH;  eaiidal  dusky.  Sen  of  Ochotsk.  A  sia 
abont  t*  ineliesi  in  leUf^th,  eoIlecte<l  by  Captain  Illair  at  R 
This  species  is  related  to  V.  nriptniirinnt  and  i'.  gilberii,  i 
the  former  in  hiu-ing  fewer  ami  sborttM'  barbels,  teeth  on  ^ 
keel  and  preopercle  lar^rer,  dorsal  ri<lge»*  without  spines  p^ 
the  spines  on  thi"  preorbital  ridge  different  in  t^hape.  Froi 
havin;;  the  body  diiferent  in  »li.ipe.  not  everywhere  ili>Gp«ir  \ 
the  rfvcrKe  posteriorly;  aiiul  niueli  Hliorter  and  low<>r,  no  i 
and  the  spines  on  preorbital  ridt^e  better  ileveloped  and  diir<( 
(.Jordan  &  Starks.)  (retirrtfu,  an  old  man,  veteran,  in  1 
of  teeth.) 

Podolhreut  Tftemuf,  .Tordas  i  SrABKS,  Proc.  C»l.  Ac.  SrL  1896,  RIB,| 
(Coll.  ('<pta>u  Itl»Lr.  Vype  pr<weD(«<l  Iiy  Alaska  CumtUFicial  1 
Univ.  Mu*..  iio.  i8Z3.) 


768.  AGONUS,  Itlueh  &  SchneidetJ 

Agonu:  niacn  (fr  SomtnPER,  Syiit.  Ivhih..  1<M,  1801  (ealapkrnttutji 
Atl)ii:nphurii:  l,Ari:ff hk.  Ili«t  Nst  Poiiis..  HI,  2:11.  IHO".'  (r,tt»)ihr(uiiS^ 
r/iaian{rU(»,  i'ALLAH,  Z«og.  I{oiUK»-Ailal.,III,  IBll,  IVi  {cataphractuth 


I 


Jordan  and  Evcrmaun. — Fislui  of  North  Avuriai. 

CloHflly  rillii'd  to  rotlolhcntt,  ]!o«ly  tapering,  tlcpn'Med  nnteriorly,  its 
i1i-[ith  <>  to  ^ii.  its  wi<Uh  4^  to  4i  in  \ts  Icnglli.  Heuil  'M  to  4,  <lcpr4<8iied, 
aliinit  lis  biiiail  iiM  lutiK-  Platen  in  tlorsiil  tteries  iibmit  31  or  32;  between 
occiput  anil  llret  iloraal  4  pitirs.  INates  uf  liudy  kceU^d,  witbunt  Hpiui-a. 
Moutli  nitiall,  Htiliitiferior,  luwi-r  jaw  includcil;  twtli  on  jaws,  tiouo  ou 
vomer  or  piilatiiieH.  (Jill  iiiemliraneH  joined  tu  iHthnma,  witb  a  narrow 
frei-  fobl  hebind.  Sumerons  srattereil  barbi-la  on  chin,  Jhwit  jaw,  and 
hrancbioHtejxal  menibraiio;  a  Bin^le  jiair  under  tip  of  Niiout.  Snout  with 
2  pairs  nl"  npwardly  directed  spines.  Fii»»  short.  Northern  Europe; 
ranging  to  Iceland  and  (ireenland.  (ri-,  without;  yayia,  joint,  i.e., 
rigid.) 

241&.  AOOXrS  ( ITAPHUAirVS,  Llniueae. 

(SKA-POAOBEK;   POOOB.) 

Br.  6;  D.  Vor  VT,  6to8;  A.r,  to7;  P.lotolT;  V.3(I,2);  C.2(3)-7-2(3). 
Pyloric  cii'ca  5  or  fi  ( Day),  tircatest  height,  over  base  ol'jiectoralH  iiboiitTl, 
ftud  greatest  deptb,  over  preopi^rcli-s,  aboat  5  in  total  length;  gr<>atest 
height  about  U  in  greatest  breadth.  Vvnt  lii>s  at  about  {  distance  froui 
baftt'  of  ventrals  to  anal,  the  distance  between  it  and  rip  nf  gnout  3|  in 
tot.il  U'Dgtb.  Body  anteriorly  deprf^jsed,  appearing  loss  bo  Itefauwe  of 
proiniuencc  of  dnrsal  rulges;  y)i)8leiiorly  uimb  naiTowed,  huifiht  about 
equal  to  breadth;  antoriorly,  from  head  tit  about  end  of  lirst  dorsal,  hex- 
agoiinl;  caudal  peduiiisle  hi-xagonal,  with  dorKul  and  ventral  keels;  uiiddlo 
of  bmly  octufjonal.  Plates  of  body  keeled,  4  priirs  betweeu  bead  uml  lirst 
dorftal;  about  10  pairs  from  ventrala  to  anal;  U)  median  platen  on  pedun- 
cle; plates  in  dorsal  m-ries  about  S-.  Doreul  and  anal  liiis  lie  in  broad, 
shallow  grooves.  Vent  hotweeu  platcH  of  third  pair  br'bind  lentrala. 
Hi-ad  lirnail,  shor-t,  its  lenjith  aliout  If  in  total  b-ngtb;  ant<'riorly  lutn-h 
narrowed,  dorenlly  son>ewhat  eoncave,  vcut^.^lly  tial.  Occipital  and  tem- 
poral ridges  each  with  a  Mmit  tnborcb-  or  spioo.  luterorltital  spaco 
ooneave,  eonsiderably  more  than  longitudinal  diameter  of  orbit.  Naaal 
boui'S  large,  fused  together,  covering  the  uicflelhRioid,  and  arqted  ante- 
riorly with  2  pairs  of  upwardly  directed  strong  npiaos.  Under  the^o,  near 
tip  of  snuut.  I  pair  of  small  barbels.  Preorbitat  scttllnped  or  tnberciilat«d 
at  it^  free  edge,  <'Overijig  niaxillary,  Snbnrbital  armed  with  a  strong, 
pointeil,  outwardly  and  backwardly  directly  rtpino.  Lower  jaw  included, 
muxiltary  esti-uiling  nuuh  behind  the  (*hort  pri'niaxillary.  Mouth  rather 
small,  almost  seinieircniar.  Nnuiennis  barbels  on  chin,  angles  of  mouth, 
and  giJI  iiiembran«fl.  Kyes  small,  their  luugitudiual  diameter  about  "i  in 
head,  that  of  orbit  eonsiderably  less  than  snout.  Koues  of  t(>p  and  sides 
lit  heail  striated.  Pri-opercle  with  a  strong  backwardly  and  upwardly 
ilireetf'il  itpine ;  the  subtriangular  operele  without  spiue.  Brauohiosto- 
gal  rays  6,  the  membranes  united  and  joined  to  iathniux,  with  a  fidd 
behind  (f).  Teeth  small  on  jaws;  none  on  vomer  or  iialatiuea.  First 
dorsal  somewhat  rounded,  with  5  or  B,  usually  .5,  spines;  aocond  doraiil 
with  0  to  y,  usually  >*,  soft  rays,  a  little  higher  than  tirst;  (about  S  pairs 
of  plates  b«!tween  the  adjarent  rays  of  the  2  doraals);  anal  begins  a  little 


J 


2066         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


behind  l>cgiuuing  of  second  dorsal,  and  ends  under  the  posterior  end  of 
thi'  lattor,  rays  5  to  7,  iiHiially  6  or  7;  pectorals  largo,  about  as  long  as 
head,  liroadly  oval  in  form,  with  15  to  17,  usually  15,  rays,  of  which  the 
lower  are  somewhat  thickeniMl  and  have  their  tips  exsorted;  ventrals 
al>ont4  of  pectorals,  rays  3  (1, 2) ;  caudal  ronnded,  with  7  long  rays,  and  on 
each  side  2  to  3  small  oiieH.  Scales  with  37  to  40  pores.  Color  of  back  and 
sideH  grayish  brown;  sometimes  with  ulive-brown  markings  and  some- 
what marbled  with  darker;  ventral  surface  pale;  3  or  4  blackish  or 
blackish-brown  cross  patches,  of  which  1  lies  about  midway  on  peduncle 
and  1  at  base  of  caudal;  ventral  side  of  tail  pale,  with  grayish-brown 
spots;  dorsals,  pectorals,  and  anal  grayish,  with  blackish-brown  patches 
forming  indclinite  bands.  Males  .ire  distinguished,  according  to  Nilsson, 
by  a  genital  papilla  and  broader  interorbital  space,  which  eqnals  1( 
diameter  of  eye.  The  young,  about  li  inches  or  more,  dilTer  in  many 
respects  from  the  adults.  According  to  Steenstru])  and  Liitken  they 
have  a  less  elongate  body  form,  its  breadth  about  3f  in  total  length; 
snout  less  prominent;  diameter  of  orbit  about  equal  to  snoat;  the  4  nasal 
spineM  smaller  than  in  adnlt,  but  the  keels  on  head  and  the  post-temporal 
spines  more  prominent  and  sharper,  as  are  also  the  keels  and  spines  of  the 
plates  of  the  bo<ly,  especially  those  on  anterior  part  of  bock  and  on  tail. 
Median  dorsal  keel  of  tail,  which  is  single  in  the  adult,  is  double  almost 
to  base  of  caudal.  Barbels  on  under  side  of  head  rudimentary.  Ventrals 
somewhat  longer.  Vent  farther  back,  between  the  plates  of  fifth  pair 
behind  base  of  ventrals.  8har])er  contrasts  between  the  light  and  dark 
colors.  In  young  of  about  17  mm.  (about  }  inch)  CoUett  found  head 
4  in  total  length.  Between  second  dorsal  and  caudal  fins  mere  traces  of 
the  embryonic  dorsal  (in.  Upper  and  lower  jaws  equal.  Plates  of  body 
with  very  Hliarp  and  high  spines;  supraorbital  ridge  with  a  high,  sharp 
spine;  both  tlie  dorsal  and  ventral  median  keels  of  titil  don))le.  Only 
anterior  ]>art  of  lateral  lino  api)arent.  In  a  young  one  of  39  mm.  (about 
\l  inches)  the  uj)]>er  .jaw  jirojecti'd  considerably  beyond  the  lower,  and 
tb<*  double  row  of  )ilate.s  along  dorsal  face  of  tail  was  nearly  fused  into 
one  (after  IJitken).  Total  length  alioul  S  inches,  the  more  usual  length 
being  6  inches.  Northern  P^irojn-  to  western  (ireenland ;  "  recorded  from 
Baltic  Sea;  sonthern,  western,  and  northern  coasts  of  Norway,  as  far  as 
Knssian  La]>land;  Arctic  Ocean,  White  S<'a  (Pallas);  Iceland  and  Faroe 
Islands  (Liitken);  fireat  Britain;  northern  coast  of  France  (Gervais  and 
Boulart).  Foun<l  in  (5  to  1(5  fathoms  (except  in  winter),  mostly  on  sandy 
bottoms;  till  lately  not  known  from  American  waters,  it  having  been  con- 
founded with  Liptagonus  dicagonua.  (Eu.)  {calaphractus,  xardippaHTOi, 
mailed.) 

Collut  cirrU pUtrimit.  AliTKDt,  Iclithyolojiin,  Part  IV,  87.  ITM. 

Colliis  calai>liraetu»,  LlXN.Kls.Sv.st.,  Nat..  Kil.  X.  2«4,  1758;  iiftor  AutkdI;  Sygt.,  Ifat.,  Ed. 

xn,  Part  i,  451,   1760;   i'AHEB,  Naturgiscli.  dcr   Fisclie  Islamls,  117,  1829,  Jutland; 

Iceland. 
Ciillni  hri'daiiitii',  Hoxnatkuhk.  Kncycl.  Metli.,  07.  northern  seas, after  0I.APS8EJI.  1st.  1. 589. 

*  Tlii>  MnwMiin  iif  Slanfnril  nnivprsily  lins  rorciitlv  roceivcfl  2  fliii>  examnloa  of  this 
niMM'icM  iroiii  Davis  Straits.  «i-«t*-r)i  tireeiilauJ,  tliruugli  tbo  kindneM  of  Prof.  D.  W. 
1  UouipsoD  ut  thu  University  ol  Doadec. 


Jordan  atid  Evcrmann. — Fislus  of  North  America.     -l>(>7 


AtpidophiiniJ  armatiu.  LArtrfjrn,  IIUL  Nut.  ilfui  Pnim.,  m,  322. 1803,  Atlantic  Ocean. 

<:aliii)liiaelut  scltonftfldii.  Fixminu,  llritiKh  Animala,  316,  1M28.  Great  Britain. 

Atpidajihoruf  mropanit,  CmiHK  >V  Vai.kncienken.  Hiki,  Nat.  <1(ih.  I'oi/u..  iv,  3U1,  18*^. 
sandy  shores  of  Northern  Europe;  KirHABUvo.v,  Kaiina  l.l<jreali'Auipr.,  Ill,  48,  IKW. 

Agonut  aitaphractii;  HLorii  i  Scii.NEIUKH,  Sjxt.  Iclith.,  I.  )M,  1801 ;  (•L'^TlIKB,  Tat.,  ii.21t, 
IHIW;  filix,  Troo.  A.\  Nat.  Sri.  Pliila.,  siii.  I8B1.  lOT  ;  LL'TKKH,  Furrliili.  Mrtld.O.  Nonl, 
I'lketlake,  VKloimk.MtMlilL'l.  Xiitiirhmt.  Kurcn.  K|ub.,:igl  (27),  1K7)1:  Coi.i.Kn',  N<)ri!«« 
FiHke,  :ig,  1«75;  Maum.  0•'>ti^l>r■rKlt  ooh  Bnbiioliinit  Fauna.  llMi,  1KT7;  Day,  FIhIiim  of 
trreal  Krituin.  07,  pi. 28, flg.  1.  1881;  Lii.UKliouu.  Faanii,  .Svrrigea  octi  Norgtw  FUkar, 
l883-«4. 

Aifidopiiori**  calaphraelut,  Kh'iteb.  Iffinmarku  Kinlce,  i,  143,  1H38,'  STSKKsfTKiri-  it  LOT- 
KM,  Vid«D«k.  MtMianl.  fru  a<in.  KaturliUt-  Fot«ii,  Kjub.  IWH.  p.  277,  IMS. 


769.  STELGIS,  Cramer. 

fItrlf/U.  Cbameh.  Ptoc.  Cal.  Ac,  8ci.  189*.  821  ivuUnu). 

Rody  t.'iiMM-iiij;,  {Icpn-Hwd  thr<>ii);himt,  its  lioiglit  alinut  8,  its  1)rr>iv<1th 
about  7  hi  its  Im^tli ;  liesicl  l,  (Ivjiicsst-d.  Pliitcn  ol'  liodj  npimniM,  iilioiit 
37  ill  d»rKul8frii'8;  (iiil>  about  Knii'diitii  tdutoaoii  )km1iiuc1<-;  7piiir8  birtwfoii 
occiptit  and  tirat  dnraiil.  Motitli  iuffrior,  snout  prujccting  bryond  pre- 
iniixilUirieH ;  t*'i'th  »n  jaws,  none  on  vomer  or  palatines.  Oiir>  pair  of  linri- 
Kontal  jinil  1  pair  of"  n^ciirvi'd  gpiner*  at  tip  nf  nnoiit.  SratteriHl  liarbt'ls  or 
firri  on  inaxillurv,  Jiiandilile,  and  bnitiidii(i8ti'j;!il  mc<iiiF>rane«;  11  fi.>w  oil 
iiudRr  Hide  of  Huimt,  itr  none.  Oiin  pair  ]tr««n'nl:«r,  I  pair  Hii])riu>cular,  and 
'2  ('!)  pairs  <iei'ipit;il  Hpinc-n.  A  traiiHverse  pit  :it  ucriput.  HruiicliiuHt<<^al 
ineinbraiio.H  .juimd  to  i.ithiriiis.     {Crekyi'i,  or  (SrXeyyii,  u  scraper.) 

S41S.  8TKLflIS  TrLSRS"  (Jonlan  &  Gilburt). 

B.C;  D.  rX,7;  A. 9;  IM4;  V.3  (1,2).  Bwl.v  i-longat^'d,  taiH-ring  rapidly 
fL-ick  ward,  depressed  tlirnn;{bnnt,  height  f  of  Irreadtli,  thi«  bitter  nbnitt  7  in 
it>ni,'thnf  body.  All  pbilesof  bmiy  armed  \vi  tli  spines  except  tliofiu  in  anterior 
and postf-rior  parts  of  tlii'  ventrotiitL-ral  series;  spines atrnnj;  iinil  recurved. 
Duly  iibdutHplatesiii  nit)diand(irH:il»i-rieaof  tiiil,)>nttiioapincMof  Hm  ridge 
continiiu.doiibb'.  At  bimeof  toil  on  criobsiilB  is  a»pino,  between  tiie  tat«nil 
riilges;  vent  ,jnBt  Ix-liind  middle  of  Icnjfth  of  ventvals.  Lateral  liur  alinui 
•10.  Ventral  surface  tlut  tliruuKLoiit.  Head  acutely  trianjtnbir  (s(?«n  fiom 
above),  dfjire-saed,  dirplh  ubnnt  f  of  widtL,  th«  latter  nUiont  '*i  in  loiijjtb  of 
body;  luiigtiinf  lii'ad  about  I :  pridiiM  irreffnlarly  signwid,  depn'ust'd.tt  front 
ofi'yea.tbenceni'arly  straight  to  tip  of  rostral  spi  Ilea.  Mnutb  V-Hliapcd,  infe- 
rior; maxillary  reacLing  front  of  pnpil;  Kuoiit  proji-ctiiij;  anteriorly  boyoiKi 
premaxillarie-s.  Tcetli  in  bauds  on  jaws,  ii(iu(>  evident  on  voniiT  ur  pala- 
tines. Ma.vill:iry,  uandiblo,  and  branchii>ste|t;al  it-ginti  with  small,  scat- 
ter<>d  virrij  under  side  of  snout  withfew  barbels  or  none.     Kyo  large,  nearly 


*  DiskKnoat*:  Boily  tantirini!.  ilepieaaed  UiTOnehoiit.  lioiKliC  abmit  I  of  brnadth,  tli«  Utter 
7  in  li'Hctii  of  IiihIv.  [kHfv  H]iiiii»im;  dulyabutit  8  iTK^ttMii  i)t(i1(>j«oii  j^'flncrle.  Head  1; 
(tliiti'd  in  ilnriuil  »"c>.ri<ii  iii'diiit  ri7  (iiiiiulnT  tii'fWLim  litJii  lay  "'f  sihoikI  iIiTKal  ami  llr«t 
iiinllaa  l>lHt*<  iml  rrcorilnJ:  all  i)thnrn  'M);  liotwiwn  ociriptitand  lirnt  iliirxal  7:  lM'tW''en 
ini«nibraii4>H  of  iloiMiil  4,  Gill  nii»iii1irau^^H  jniD4*rl  to  ij'tiintiiN.  \n  t4>etli  <'ii  ^omernr  pala- 
lini>H.  SratltTPfl  tiiirlielM  ou  maxillary,  nmuillble,  ;in<l  hriiiirhiii'^Ici^Ml  nii'fiiliruiii'H;  a  ffw 
oil  iinilcr  Hitlo  iif  Huniit,  or  iiuni*.  Uui*  |Kiir  itf  li(irir.oti1a]  ami  I  pairnf  riTiirvi^l  MiiinfH  on 
aiioiit.  tliio  jinir  iiraoi'iiliir.  1  iiair  itupraucular.  and  2  (ur  4  I)  palra  of  owipitJU  apines. 
Dark  Uruvrn,  Willi  7  to  0  croaa  Mri;  liiia  luodtly  dark. 


2068         Bulletin  4-7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


as  long  88  snout,  3|  iu  head,  the  orbital  bones  forming  a  ridge  around  it; 
iutfrorbital  space  <-oucaye,  straight  longitudinally,  with  a  longitadinal 
groove  and  2  slight  ridges.  S]>inc8  ou  head  highly  develojied ;  2  pairs  rostral 
spines,  1  pair  directed  horizontidly  forward  and  the  other  pair  behind 
these,  recurved  upward,  backward,  and  outward;  behind  these  a  smaller 
pair  projecting  upward  (mesethmoid  spines) ;  orbital  ridge  serrated,  with 
a  pecnliar  spine  anteriorly  and  a  supraocular  spine  posteriorly;  occipital 
ridges  with  2  pairs  (or  4  pairs)  of  spines,  space  between  them  roiighish, 
somewhat  concave,  with  traces  of  a  median  keel ;  between  these  ridgee, 
at  occiput,  a  conspicuous  transverse  ]>it,  broader  than  long,  longer  than 
deep ;  temporal  ridges  more  prominent,  each  with  4  spines,  last  one  very 
strong;  a  median  row  of  minute  spines  <m  back  and  top  of  head;  subor- 
bital ridge  extending  fcoxa.  front  of  preorbital  across  cheek,  with  2  or  3 
irregular  series  of  spines  and  tubercles,  and  en<ling  in  a  strong  preoper- 
rular  spine;  below  this  on  preoperclo  3  or  4  other  blnntish  spines;  opercle 
with  ridge  and  1  or  more  spines ;  between  70  and  80  more  or  less  developed 
spinous  processes  on  head.     Branchiostegal  rays  6(f);  membranes  nnited, 
joined  to  isthmus.    Plates  between  occiput  and  first  dorsal  7;  between 
dorsals  about  4  (number  between  the  adjacent  rays  of  the  2  fins  not 
recorded).    Anal  region  beginning  under  end  of  iirst  dorsal;  pectorals 
reaching  eleventh  plate,  with  minute  spines  at  their  base;  ventrals  short. 
Color  dark  brown,  with  7  to  9  darker  cross  bars,  extending  on  fins;  one 
bar  across  caudal,  1  across  posterior  part  of  second  dorsal  and  anal,  I 
across  posterior  part  of  first  dorsal  and  front  of  anal,  and  1  across  f^ont 
of  first  dorsal;  pectorals  black  with  whitish  edging  and  a  pale  blotch 
near   base;   other  fins  chiefly  black,  anal   with   whitish   edge;   ventral 
surface  pale.     Total   length  of  known   iudividuals  reaches  4i'it  inches. 
(Jordan  &  Gilbert.)     Deep  water  off  San  Francisco,  California;  known 
only  from  tlie  original  type,  taken  iu  a  piirranzella  or  sweep  net,  near  Point 
Keyes,  1880.     (r«Z««»,  beardless.) 

Aj/o;i««  ri(i.itt».  Jordan  A:  GiLnp.RT,  I'roc  T.S.Nat.  Muh.,  in.  li^SO.rno.  Point  Reyes,  near 

San  Francisco.     (Coll.  Jordan  A:  (lillmrt.) 
rmhithrc'i*  ?t/(«i'x  JiiiiDAN  i  GiLUEBT.  S.vnopsirt,  7:!0,  188:i;  Jordan,  Cat  Fished  N.  A.,  114. 

18R">. 
.Slelijit  rulmt,  JoKDAN  \.  Stakk.s.  I'roc.  Cal.  At-.  Si^i.  IHBJ,  821,  pi.  90. 

NoTK. — Allied  to  5/<'?.vij)  and -(rtrr»Mu'M»  is  the  single,  Antarctic  genus, 
which  may  be  thus  dcliued: 

AGONOPSIS,  Oill. 

Agonoptin,  GiLl,,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Pliila.,  XIH,  18C1, 107, 259  fehiloentis). 

Boil.v  8.hf<lral,  peduncle  filieilral:  lieail  ile])rt'»9<'d,  its  len^'th  a  little  more  than  4.  its 
width  5,  and  its  depth  in  front  of  najx-  a  lilth-  lesi<  than  7  in  lcn;;th  of  body.  Jawsnoarlv 
equal,  teeth  on  .jaws  and  vomer,  .ind  an  imperfect  row  on  palatino.-t.  Two  pairs  of  spines 
on  snout,  1  pair  preopercular.  1  pair  Hupraix'ular,  and  2  pairs  occipital  spines;  a  de<-p 
transverse  depre.ssion  at  nape.  IMaten  in  dorsal  series  ahuut  '^~ :  7  pairs  between  o<'cipnt 
and  Iirst  dorsal  i  plates  of  body  with  curved  spines.  Harliels  under  tii»  of  snont,  and 
scatt^Ted  on  chin  and  lower  .jaw.  and  sparingly  on  brancbioste^al  UK'nibrauo.  GiU  mem- 
branes united,  joined  to  isthmus.     Antarctic.     {Aiionut;  o^it,  appearance.) 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America. 


.'w;y 


AUII!\0P8tS  ClllliUOSW  (JenjTBii). 

R.B;  1D.8;  2n.7;  A. 8;  P.  U:  V.  3  (1.2) ;  C.2-U-2.  tnlerorUiUil  •pwii  loncavc,  a  little 
li'aa  lliun  i1iiun<>tiT  ■>)'  rye.  with  u  pairuf  eliarp  luitKir  lunKlLiittiiiul  rlilgi'ii  ti-rniiiiutiu;;al  a 
triiimviTai'  jfroove  livhiud  ryi»«.  Simiit  <Uic»«  nut  projwt  beynnrt  moiilli;  luruvr  iimr;rlti  of 
ftiiliiii'ltilJil  with  ill]  irri>^uliir  ritl^i*  foniH'il  of  hliiiitinh  tiilHin:]eH,  tbe  limt  t«riiiiuutiD){  in  a 
niiiiute  lia<'kwar<ll}~  ilinvliMl  «|iiuri.  Liuili  nf  ]jn'ii|ii>r<-li>  with  3  ilivrr^'iDg  aiiiuiilli  riilgea 
itlliitliiti.' at  their fXtrciiiiticH  tnt<it)  flatluD<'<l  Iiliiitt  poiuts,  optrcli'  n'itli  u  aiuuller  rtpiue- 
H-nii  ri^lgp,  iTawsnlMiiit  hiiuiI.  lli«  tipiwr  n  litll"  longiT,  with  murnw  l^tnila  of  Ifetlii 
\^^\\\  III!  I'miit  of  Ton)«r  and  a  mLmii-I  imiiMrfi^trt  row  an  Mi4-ti  jialutitio.  (rill  nii'inhrancH  Dot 
iii>teli<-il,  iiltju-bed  to  jntlimuAi  gill  upi'iiluj;^  IarKt>-  Uiu't>ela  !<Uurt.  tin  cliln.  lower  Juw.  and 
lirnui'liinali'Kiil  iiiumtiraDv  (a  piiir  aUo  im  nndi^r  aide  of  tip  ni  auuiit  Id  1));.  1,  pl.7>.  Tcni' 
pii-Fiil  mill  orrlpilnl  rid^ra  jjn'Hrnt,  fonnud  of  ^ranuljit^nl  tntM-^^lL^A  ((h(>  oo'i-ipital  **tiitwr- 
oIl'»"  vrr.v  pliiinly  in  lli«  fonii  wi  'l  pairii  iif  apinv*  in  t)ii>  flgiirej ;  lictwirn  orciiiitnl  rlilgiii 
II  nliglilly  raiiH'd  longUudiniil  llnr^  a  deep  trun.'<verao  iIoprra«iiin  at  iia|H\  T<'ni]H>ral 
ridc^'^  end  in  u  Hliarp  point  not  prtdon^nd  iuton^iptne.  The  i-ariuntiHt  ]>latea  niurof^liarply 
nerrnto  tliim  in  .1.  eatapfiractiit.  the  apinen  carved.  (All  thr  platps  apinoua  tnini  livud  tu 
caufliil  In  ii;:.  1,  |d.7.)  Six  >liK)ill]t  N«>Tatcd  KcaU'a  torming  on  brciut  n  aanicwlint  trian- 
gnlar  pulcli.  2  slngleonoa  xt^unliDf;  tirat,  tlic  i  otbcre  In  paira.  Second  anil  tliird  mj-suf 
■eeoiid  doritiU  largvst;  aual  iindor  ttii  ond  dnraal;  pvoUirala  ruuoded,  6  In  li>ugtlj;  rcntrala 
acari'ly  niiirp  than  \  vf  pectorula.  Vtrit  n  litllr-  iinU'rlur  to  u  tine  I'onui-cling  tlie  extrcni- 
Jtli-s  of  ventniU.  Color  in  .Hpirit«.  diiHlcy  gray  alwve  and  on  «iiipfc.  p«l«T  Ixdow;  a 
hliickin.li  trnnnvcnir  tnind  iiuilur  fnuitof  tint  dortwl.  1  under  anterior  and  1  nndiir  ]hmiI»- 
riorcnd  of  at^ronil  dorxat,  t  in  middle  of  |iediiiicl<-,  and  a  Irncii  of  «  tilth  Iwhiud  thia; 
body  ototttcd  lu  placva  nltb  blaikiali.  anil  thv  Hiia,  i^xwpt  ventrals,  are  ot  thi>  name  hue, 
<Jenyna.)  Coaata  of  Chiln  and  Patagonia.  {chUmnnt,  UtIuk  at  Cbiloe,  an  Uland  olT 
Patagonia.) 
AtpiJttrphoi-ut  chilomtiji,  3Kii\-sa,  Zool.  \'oyam-  of  tho  licagle,  Kiah.,  31),  pi.  7,  figa.  1,  In,  lb, 

IIUU,  Chiloe,  weat  coast  oi   northern  Patagonia   (Cull.  Darwin) ;  tiar,   Uial.    (;till, 

Zool.,  II,  174. 
Anpidopliorut  niffer,  Kh'Stkb,  IchCh.  Bidrag.  Natiirbiat.  Tidaakr.  1, 238,  UM,  Valparaiao. 
.4<;«nuj)  fhitotinnii.  GVSTTtKa,  Cat.,  11,216,  I860  Valparaiso, 
.tf/unopfii  rhiUjrnriii,  UlUL„  Prw,  Ac.  Nat.  Set  PliUii,,  XUl,  1801, 101. 
Agonut  iiiffir,  UCntusk,  Cut,,  II, 210, 1860. 

770.  AVERRUNCUS.  Jordmi  Jt  Starks. 

Avtrrunms,  .TOBDA.'*  i  Stabks,  Prof.  Cnl.  Ac.  Sci.  1895,  821,  pi.  91  (trniaelatu). 

Tliis  ffiMiiia  IB  very  close  t(»  StelffU,  with  wliicli  it  rtf^ecH  in  the  ri>ii)j;L 
»rni:i.tiir(3,  t!it>  prcsi-ai-f  of  cirri  an  tho  nil!  meuihnineH,  and  in  other 
re«|icft8;  dilVurtng  in  tlti?  jtreseiicu  of  tufth  un  vuiuor  and  inilatiiies;  itiiul 
(in  very  long,  of  11  niys;  lower  rays  of  puctonil  (.«xHorted.  North  Paoilio. 
( Jrei'nincuf,  im  averting  demoD,  from  tlic  ariued  liead.) 

a.  Snout  rather  long,  tlic  roalral  aplnea  protruding.  umEi.AHt,  8417. 

an,  Suuut  Mhurter,  the  roatral  apinea  acarcely  protruding.  irrEBUtTVS,  2418. 


84IJ,  JLTXBRUXCl'K  EX.MEI.A.\E,  Jordnn  i  Stark*. 

Ht^ad  from  ti])8  uf  rostriil  splneA,  1  in  len^tli  of  liu^iy  ;  ilcpth  7^.  D.VIII 
iir  IX.  8;  A.  11;  P.  II;  hiterul  line  ^{5;  ort»it  4  in  hviiil;  Muiiiit.  to  ti]i8  of 
rustriil  spiacs,  Si;  Tniixillury  aj ;  intt-rnrhitul  ti}:  pecturul  It;  «ecoud  dor- 
Hitl  spiiie  2} ;  third  dorsal  nty  2i ;  lougest  unal  my  '2'i ;  uuudal  tin  2.  Body 
elongAtu,  Biil'cyliniirirnI,  tlie  tiivnilal  pi'i]iiiiL':le  long  i<iid  slender,  vory 
eli^btly  dejiiesecd,  ubuut  -i  i<lutv«  in  I'ruiit  of  citudul  (iu  it  wideus  alightly 


2070  Bulletin  /7,  Untied  States  National  Museum. 


and  is  coinpretwMl ;   Itelly  soaicwhat  prominent,  breakisg  the  otherwia« 
atraight  vertical  outline  from  chin  to  caudal  fiu;  dorsal  outline  straight 
fruni  occiput  to  caudal  fiu.     Head,  a8  viewed  from  al>ove,  almost  regolwrly 
trijiBgnlar,  the  ]>romiucut  preopcrunlar  spines  and  the  snoat  forming  tiie 
angles,  its  dorsal   profile  irregular,   much  broken  by  spines.      Month 
inferior,  broadly  U-shaped,  maxillary  reachiug  just  past  the  vertical  from 
front  of  orbit;  lips  thick,  covered  with  short,  fiuepapillic;  upper  Jaw  pro- 
tractile; teeth  small,  in  villiforin  bandson  the  jaws,  vomer,  and  palatines; 
the  distance  from  the  anterior  edge  of  premaxillary  to  t-nd  of  the  ros- 
tral spines  is  h'HH  thau  \  the  length  of  snout;  2  cirri  as  long  as  popU 
unilcr  rostral  spines,  anterior  lower  edge  of  preorbitals  with  cirri,  a 
group  of  3  cirri  on  end  of  maxillary,  aud  a  group  of  4  or  5  on  posterior  end 
of  maudi))le,  1  on  the  middle  of  each  branch iostegal  ray,  these  forming  a 
line  from  isthnms  to  opercle,  an  area  on  chin  from  the  mouth  to  the  hyal 
bones  that  is  "  woolly  "  with  short  cirri ;  2  or  3  ou  lower  edge  of  opercle 
an<l  interopercle.    A  pair  of  parallel  rostral  spines  pointing  forward,  their 
tips  covered  with  skin;  liehind  them  is  a  deep  oval  pit,  on  the  anterior 
outer  ed^e  of  which  are  a  pair  of  spines  that  point  upward  and  outward 
ami  are  slightly  hooked  backward;  at  the  posterior  end  of  the  pit  are  2 
spine«i,  smaller  than  those  above  aud  slightly  curved  backward;  a  group 
of  4  short  spines  around  anterior  edge  of  eye  and  1  large  triangular  spine 
over  posterior  edge ;  the  interorbital  Mpace  is  deeply  concave,  with  a  low, 
shar])  ridge  ou  each  side  of  the  median  line;  preopercle  very  rough,  with 
irregular  spines  and  tubercles;  middle  of  suborbital  Htay  with  a  strong, 
hooked  spine;  l>elow  the  stay,  on  the  naked  area,  are  2  or  3  plates  with 
B]>ines  on  their  centers;  angle  of  ]>reopercle  with  a  largo,  sharp  spine; 
along  the  lower  edge  of  preopercle  are  3  or  4  blimt  spines;  a  ridge  of  4 
sjiines  running  back  from  eacli  eye  corresponding  with  the  dorsal  keels  of 
body;  below  this  on  each  side  Ih  a  ridjiie,  tjoniewhat  irregular,  but  not 
broken  into  Bj)iiie«,  terminating  in  a  spine  that  points  between  the  dorsal 
and  upiKT  lateral  keel  of  body;  a  wniall  ridge  on  uj)per  edge  of  opercle 
which  (looH  not  end  in  a  spine ;  a  few  siiial!  spines  around  posterior  edge  of 
opercle;  a  few  minute  Hpines  along  median  line  of  top  of  head,  the  upper 
part  of  the  eye  covered  with  minute  prickles.     At  the  occiput  is  a  deep 
pit,  broader  and  decjier  tliun  lonj;,  divided  by  a  low  ridge  through  its 
middle.     Hody  with  4  ridges  on  eacli  side  formed  by  the  body  plates,  each 
plate  endiut;  in  a  Htrong  recurved  spine,  except  those  of  the  abdominal 
ridge,  which  are  smooth ;  a  row  of  minute  spincH  along  median  dorsal  line 
from  tirst  dorHal  to  occiput;  ^4nlall  H])iiies  f(dlowing  the  lateral  line;  no 
trace  of  keels  or  spines    in    front   of  ventrals.     The  abdominal    ridges 
widest  apart   on   the   belly,  uniting  ou  tenth  plate  in  front   of  caudal 
fin;    dorsal    riilf^es    uniting    on     ninth    scale    in    front    of   caudal    tin, 
but  the  Kpiiies   continuing   double   to   the   tail;   a    row  of  sharp,  small 
spines  around  the  l>ase  of  the  pectoral  and  caudal   fins;   dorsal  spines 
slender,  the  tins  highest  in  fr(mt,   the  second  spine  the  longest,  its  tip 
re.'iching  to  the  base  of  the  next  to  the  last  spine,  where  iin  is  depressed; 
last  ray  adnate  by  momliraue  t^>  the  back;  third  dorsal  ray  the  highest, 
its  tip  reaching  nearly  to  the  last  ray,  where  liu  is  de2)re88ed;  the  last  ray 


Jordan  and  Evcmiann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2071 


w  verv  short  imd  .'Hhisit*  to  the  Imdy  for  fhu  whole  of  its  Inngtli^  Lower 
T;iy»  of  ]im'tor;il  fiiiM  ]>roiluro(l,  extoiiiliiijf  Iioyoiid  thi-  lueinhriiue,  tho 
ItiUf^e.st  extending  Iteymitl  lh«  iiiipcr  ray  i>f  the  liii;  aiial  Inn^nr  and  lower 
than  8i>ft  cl(ir»al,  eudiiig  ut  tho  h.iiuu  ciirreHjutudiiig  [>l;i<-tt,  hist  riiy  rciich- 
III};  tu  tlio  llft<.!t-jith  ]ihitv  het'oro  caudal  Mu;  ventral  ilJITerliig  in  Iviigth  in 
the  (Utiorent  eexpa;  vent  aiitorior,  Hitm>t*'il  nn  the  tfiuth  phito  iu  front  nf 
auiil.  ('ok»r  dark  Uriiwn,  Ih'IIv  whito;  (tides  ctomswI  with  ine({iilar  vvhit« 
hu'i-B.  ^iviu^  the  lish  a  luuttlud  apjieiir.-kiicu;  Ancmt  hl.ick;  a  hlark  Htieiik 
illoDK  li'wui  vAysfi  of  ]iiei»]ietcle;  a  1>lark  spot  nn  iris  abuve;  d(fi'8ali!  light, 
iiiottlutl  with  litack:  atiitf  white,  with  dark  miittliii^,  n  dark  dar  acnmH 
tho  (KtBterJor  pays,  the  tip*  nf  all  tho  rays  wliite;  vontrals  black,  almiptly 
whitd  B>t  tips;  puctitntl  and  caudal  dark,  with  a  white  hordtr,  a  lij^ht  sjiot 
in  tlid  center  of  liiiN  und  many  white  Hpnt.s  oil  tho  rays;  i>  Idaik  ^pot  at 
haseof  pectiiriil.  Tngc^t  Sinind;  Uiidwh  fnmi 2 Hpcii-imeuM,  ccilluijtod  with  a 
selna  near  ]'>>int  Orchard,  tlui  iar^^ent  T  iindicH  in  length.  (Jordan  iV:. 
Htarka);  auoUiur  since  taken  at  Port  Ludluw.  {Iv,  in;  /teXdi'rf,  ink, 
front  tho  dark  culuro. ) 

Sverntiveti»  cmiuelaui;  JoRDJiS  \.  STAUK8.  I'roc.  (Jul.  Ac.  Scl.  1805,  821,  pi.  xri,  witli 
liloto,  Port  Orchard,  near  Seattle.  (Coll.  E.  C.  Slarks.  Tyiw,  3136,  L.  S.  Jr.  Cnlv. 
Una.) 


S418.  ATEBBimcCS  STEBLETtX  Gilbert,  new  apeclps. 

Heiid  4jj  in  length;  eye  3|  in  hr'.-id,  width  at  liasr  of  pectorals  7;  depth 
8J.  I).  XU,  8;  A. it;  1M2  on  eatdi  aidi^  'i'J  plates  in  rlornolateral  series. 
^'el■y  <losel.v  nlated  t"  .(.  immiliitit.  with  whiidi  it  agrees  in  eolmutinti  and 
general  appearance  as  well  an  in  luoKt  dctuiln  of  structure.  It  difVcrs  in 
the  folliiwiug  r<M]ieetM:  'I'h*  Biiout  in  nhnrter,  the  ru.ttiiil  spines  scureely 
prutrndinK  1>eyond  the  prennixithiries,  No  l>.%r!»ei8  <>ii  auoiit  >>eli>w  rostral 
HpineH.  (ir  on  margin  lof  preorldtal.  or  at  niatiiHInilarjolMt,  Hejiinn  between 
riiKtnil  Kpiiii*  and  front  of  pieni.ixillaries  Avholly  oecnpied  liy  a  triangular 
uitivahle  plate-,  with  rongh  i;mnnliir  Mirface;  hrejuit  with  3  p;irallel  series 
uf  Bharply  kerded  jiliites;  no  «piuo  at  pci.'*t<'rior  end  "f  jireiua.villiiiy  fossa; 
ventralH  very  Iobk  and  sleiiiter.  wholly  wliite;  npinotiH  dorna-l,  anal,  and 
pectorals  with  fewer  rays;  nwtral  projection  Hhorter  than  in  A.tinm'lanv, 
with  2  short  forwardlv  directed  B])iiic8,  helitud  which  in  n  pair  more 
withdy  Hcpiirated  directed  ilownwnrt!  and  haikw:>r«l ;  Biiprao'uhir  ridge 
elevati'd,  not  Hluirj).  tiiicly  granular,  with  prcocnlai  and  iio.stociilar  spine.-*; 
ridgi's  and  wptiies  on  head  an  in  A,  t ntun Iniii,  lint  none  i>f  the  fonimr 
riMigh  Borratc.  Kye  large,  longer  than  .'^nnut  an^J  more  than  twice  tho 
internrlHtal  wiilth.  Month  litlln  over]iu««ed  hy  the  inatral  spines,  tho 
nia.Nillaiy  reaching  slightly  iiehind  front  of  orhit,  I^J,  in  heail.  Teeth 
present  on  jaws,  \"onier,  and  palatine.  Harliels  fewer  than  in  J.  enimf/iinr; 
3  present  on  maxillary,  2  uf  which  jin'  at  its  posterior  end,  tin-  upper 
niueh  the  iiitigcr;  the  third  iiim'ited  inoio  anteriorly  lichiml  tho  middle 
of  the  maxillary;  H  shorter  harbel.i  nro  jircsent  on  cjich  niandiiiular 
ramus,  llie  potttcrior  only  near  the  joint;  «evcra!  short  hurhi-Uon  giilar 
region,  and  a  cross  scrieo  on  each  hraucbiiwtegal  uiumhrauc,  usually  1 
barhel  for  each  ray.    Plates  on  body  aa  in  A.  aHiHelane,  aU  with  sharp 


I 


2072         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


B]»iii<-H,  which  are  prusunt  thniiKh  small  in  the  vnntral  scries ;  iniddls  of 
bn'ost  witli  1  incilittii  and  2  IstKTul  Hi'ri<-8  of  plates,  all  of  which  bear  distinct 
loiigitiKlinal  \m-\»  ;  th<>  2  liiteral  riclKes  on  )in-aat  being  the  anterior  rontin- 
nation  of  the  ventral  ridK*;i«  of  tht«  trnnk ;  spinous  dorsal  bef^inning  at  the 
Hi'vcnthdorHul  platt-,  the  last  dorsal  spine  artiealatini^  with  the  thirtoenth 
plat<<;  th(<  first  and  last  rays  of  the  second  dorsal  artioolat«  respectively 
with  the  oiKhtiu-nth  and  twenty-fourth  plaU'H;  the  dorsal  Hcries  anitc  at  the 
thirtieth  ])late,  the  me<lian  serien  of  9  plates  thus  formed  bearing  double  or 
bifid  spines  throughout ;  the  first  and  the  last  anal  rays  articnlating  respec- 
tively with  the  sixt<>enth  and  twenty-third  plates  of  ventral  series  (ex- 
i-liulingthe  anterior  3  on  hn-ast);  the  ventral  scries  coalescing  immediately 
oppoHite  t\w  union  of  the  <lorsal  series;  the  anus  is  opposite  the  inter- 
space hetwti'n  tlu-  third  and  fourth  plates;  ventral  spines  long  and  slen- 
der, e(iualing  length  of  snout  and  eye;  pectorals  equaling  length  of  head 
in  advance  of  opercular  joint;    five  lower  pectoral  rays  with  incised 
membranes,  the  tips  projecting.    Color,  similar  to  A.  emmelane,  the  back 
and  sides  with  7  or  S  narrow  black  oroHs  bars,  tho  posterior  of  which 
extend  faintly  on  the  under  surface;  the  interspaces  ou  back  are  some- 
what dusky,  with  lighter  venniculating  lines  and  spots,  a  few  of  which 
extend  on  the   bars;   the  dorsals  have  a  speckled  appearance  and  ai» 
darker  when  they  lie  above  the  black  dorsal  bars;  head  blackish  above 
the  head  and  body  light  or  slightly  dusky  below;  ventrals  white;  anal 
white,  with  some  black  markings  along  the  base  of  the  rays ;  pectorals 
with  a  wide   black   bar  at   base  succeeded  by  a  wide  white   bar;  then 
follow  a  narrower  black  bar  and  a  narrow  terminal  white  bar;  caudal 
with  a  narrow  basal  bar  of  black,  then  a  narrow  white  bar  followed  by  a 
broad  bliM-k  bar  and  edged  with  white.    Coast  southern  California,  Coro- 
nado  Island.    The  type,  a  specimen  4J  inches  long,  from  Albatrou  Station 
3602.     {ilvrh'tuK,  Hturgcoii ;  a  modern  Latin  word,  probably  derived  from 
Sliirio.)     (Type  in  U.S.Nat.  Mus.     CM.  Albatross.) 
Acerruneiu  tUrletui,  Uiluebt  MS.,  off  Avalon,  Coronado  Island,  in  47  fathoms, 

771.  SARRITOR,  Cramer. 

tiarritor.  Cramer,  in  .Tordan  &  Evonuaiin,  ClifckLiat  Fitilu-M,  448, 1896  {frenatat). 

Hody  tapering  uniformly  fn  liaso  of  <audal;  head  4  to  4^,  depth  6  to  8 
in  Htan(lar<l  length.  I'latcs  on  Imdy  nearly  all  Avithojit  spines.  Plates  in 
duFKal  series  38  to  43,  5  I0  6  pairs  between  occiput  and  first  dorsal.  No 
large  knife-like  plate  i^vcr  eye.  Both  dor.sal  fins  present,  rather  long,  the 
rays  growing  shorter  behind  the  last  adnate  to  buck.  Four  to  6  pairs  of 
barlx'ls  about  mouth.  1  pair  under  tip  of  snout.  A  pair  of  recurved  spines 
near  tip  of  snout.  One  pair  of  supraocular  nw\  1  or  2  pairs  of  occipital 
spines.  Teeth  on  jaws  and  vomer,  none  on  palatines.  Gill  membranes 
joined  to  isthmus,  without  free  foM;  no  barbels  on  gill  membranes. 
Lower  rays  of  pectorals  with  free  cxscrted  tips.  Vert«'bra!  40  to  46.  This 
genus  is  very  close  both  to  I'otlothrcug  and  to  Odontopyxit,  differing  from 
1'  the  former  in  the  ])rc»cnce  of  vomerine  teeth,  and  from  the  latter  in  the 

';  absence  of  a  free  median  plate  at  the  tip  of  the  snout.    Its  relatioim  to 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fislics  of  North  America.     2073 


Jflfrj'MficiM  are  utill  cloncr,  tlic  cliipf  ilitVorence  bfhig  in  thi'  antnolli  plnten 
of  the  liixly  ami  in  the  ab.seutc  ol"  cliTi  on  the  jplJ  luembrancs.  \*ayr'\ior, 
0U6  that  seiupea.) 

<i.  ^Qoiit  nimlernte,  altoat  \  lonetb  of  liewl;  vcntralti  dark  in  mnli'.         pxekatcb,  3419. 

aci.  Suout  vvrj-  luDg.  |>r»i1  ii<-e<l  id  it  flat,  triiinjruliir  piece  exuvrlcd  Fur  u  illatiturtt  t«|iial 

U>  I  orbit;  ToutriUs  imle.  i.Er-rosHYNCUUs,  2430. 


2419.  SAUBITOR  KKE.N'ATCK,  •  Gilbert. 

Ueiad4ito4i.  D.  VI  tt)  VIII.7or«;  A.6or7:  P.  15;  V.  I.  2;  C.  11.  with  a 
nnUuieut ;  latcrNl  lino  10.  liody  HligUtly  (tepreased,  tii]wring  rcjjuliirly 
biKikwanl  from  ocriput,  the  dupth  ;vb(Hit  \  of  tln>  wiilth  nt  1»«<»  of  pec- 
torals. The  ridges  are  promiiit'iit,  tlii"  dorxnl  iiud  ilorsiilat^ral  ridgos  pro- 
vided witli  Btroug8piri<'.s,the  ventrul  and  veiitrohiteral  scries  with  weak  or 
scarcely  diaooruible  spines,  all  di-creasinx  in  Hize  backward,  becoming 
obHtdute  on  cttudal  jit'dunulu.  Dorsal  fact"  doi-ply  concave  anteriorly,  ita 
ridges  coalescing,  from  'i  to  4  plates  behind  the'  doraal  liu;  (>thcr  facin 
much  lt'88  eoncave,  the  vcntrnj  ridges  i<oal«Hcing,  3  or  1  plates  behind  the 
anal  (in;  plates  in  doraal  series  1-1  or  'la;  5  or  6  pairs  hftween  occiput  and 
first  dorsal,  f)  or  10  under  firat  dorsal,  2  or  3  between  dorsals,  7  or  8  under 
a(}coud  dorsii],  17  or  18  behind  dorsaU;  about  25  platt^K  uu  lirt^axt,  cciasist- 
ing  of.i  atruuu;  luediiiii  hlmirh  which  i'ear  a  well-marked  rounded  rid^'e,  u 
strong  Itttcraf  series  at  ed;;e  of  breast  also  projecting,  and  a  niriiil>er  of 
eiuoll  plates  occupying  the  coiicavo  intcniiodiato  areiis.  In  young  wpeci- 
uiena  the  breast  plateH  have  central  elovatiou.i,  and  bear  each  a  back- 
wardly  directed  epine;  these  disapjieariag  in  adults;  a  nuuiber  of  small 
irregular  plates  in  front  of  and  on  Uasoof  ]>ei't«ralB;  uienibranaeeous  in- 
tervals behind  and  around  veut  smaller  than  iu  VmUi\h< cut  ae\fvn*tT%n»», 
occupied  by  H  or  9  irregularly  arranged  phitts,  uot  in  pairs  and  not  cor- 
n>apoi)iling  to  those  of  thi'  ventral  series  between  which  they  are  inter- 
oalated;  lucdiiii  part  uf  binuchiostegal  lueniliraue  aud  the  gulur  region 
covered  with  rnundish  plates,  the  whole  fbrnnug  a  hulbirti-Khaiied  patch; 
lateral  liueruuniug  on  a  series  of  snuill  plates  oceupying  the  middle  uf 
the  lateral  fsjce;  anteriorly  these  entirely  disappear,  the  lat-eral  line 
asoeuding  and  rimntng  on  the  upper  lateral  series;  about  5  largo  platea, 
aonii'tinies  bearing  spines,  lie  lieliind  np])er  axil  of  pectorals,  between  tids 
ascending  portion  of  the  lateral  line  and  the  iufiM'ior  lateral  srriea  ur 
plates;  bead  depressed,  tapering  rapidly  to  the  «iout;  depth  of  head  at 
occi[uit  t  its  width  at  prcoporcular  spine,  the  latter  contained  (i^  limes  in 
length  of  body.  Eye  large,  the  orbit  about  etinaling  length  of  snout  be- 
hind the  serrated  rostrnt  ridge,  3|  to  3}  iu  head;  auout  somewhat  vari- 

•  I)i«Ki>nfiin :  HimIv  ta|MTiiig  uDirdntilv  from  ur<'ipiil  to  c.iiiilal,  a  litflo  mnro  olomlor  than 
Padmheeut  aeipcimiTiniis.  ilciith  nhnui'l  uf  wiiltli  at  bikio  of  |H>«tunila.  tlie  liild-r  T|!  to  7| 
In  leugth:  ln»nd  44.  l'lnle»  Iu  (lomul  herivs  44  or  45;  iMrlwi'en  oriripiil  aiirl  lirst  ib»riiiil  5  or 
8;  tietwwii  (lorwil*  6  or  7;  from  vcntmU  to  niiid  14  ]ijiji'».  Sii  piiirg  nf  Imrl^ln,  1  od  nnilcr 
■ifiB  of  anoiit  in  front  ol  xireiiiaxillarlps.  1  near  aud  J  at  liii  of  aiaxillarv,  I  lit  aiijile  of 
moatti,  anil  1  at  m\t<  of  low«r  jaw.  A  i>n1r  ot  [MTiicjiilii'iilar  m'rrali'd  ;)1nlc>«  nt  lip  of 
anout,  tmbiDi)  theae  a  carve  naaBJ  ttilu«.  (hm  puir  mrs<'lbinoldsl,  1  pair  Htipruacalar,  and 
1  pair  ocvlpila!  N|>)n('«.  Teeth  on  Jaw*  and  vonicr,  nuiie  on  palittlnen.  Lrill  membruiH-H 
,|oine<I  to  iHtliiuuD  witbnnt  frw.^  fubf.  r.a.<il  rnr  nl'carh  iti^rHnl  Kliorti'iied  aud  ndnute  to  the 
back.  Light  ffrayiftb  with  a  li*w  iDdetlnitu  t»lotelK*M  and  )>ar«  i>t  diirlcflr  on  aldva  and  back; 
IH'ctoralx  with  xevcral  uurrow  dark  cross  bauda  near  ba.iu  aud  broatiur  one*  toward  tip. 

3030 53 


2074         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


able  in  length,  averaging  \  bead.    Snpraocnlar  ridges  strong,  ragose, 
endiug  in  a  sliort  strong  B|iine;  an  inner  pair  of  ridges  oooupying  floor 
of  interorbital  groove,   very  broad  and  closely  joined  anteriorly;   tiie 
triangular  Hpace  included  between  these  latter  ridges  flat  and  opening 
po8t«>riorly  onto   the    depressed   occipital   area;  occipital    ridges    low, 
rounded,  ending  in  vttry  strong  spines  which  form  the  first  of  the  dorsal 
scries;  2  or  3  small  rounded  projootions  may  occur  on  anterior  ridges  of 
the  occipital  spines ;  top  and  sides  of  bead  more  or  less  closely  beset 
with  very  tine  prickles,  which  are   nioiit  thickly  clostered   on  oocipnt, 
interorbital  area,  upper  part  of  opercles,  suborbital  chain,  and  sides  of 
snout;  a  row  of  prickles  on  eyeball  just  above  pupil;    temporal   ridge 
uneven,  sometimes  interni]>te(l  with  a  long,  strong  posterior  spine;  a 
strong  spine,  sometimes  with  an  accessory  tubercle  on  middle  of  cheek; 
preorbital  with  2  pairs  of  spines  placed  vertically,  the  npper  ones  di- 
rected outward  and  npward,  the   lower  spines  directed  downward  and 
backward;   rostral  ridges  rough,  usually  terminating  posteriorly  in  a 
pair  of  spinous  projections,  which  are  located  midway  between  tip  of 
snout  and  front  of  pai>il ;  anteriorly,  at  tip  of  snout,  these  ridges  expand 
to  form  Huch  a  vertically  projecting  rounded  spiuons  lobe,  the  posterior 
spine  of  which  is  much  the  strongest,  and  points  backward  and  outward. 
In  the  very  young  the  last-mentioned  spines  alone  are  present  on  anont, 
and  are  directed  very  obli(iueIy  backward;   anteriorly  ridges  converge 
from  tbein  to  tip  of  snout,  and  are  very  minutely  serrulate;  these  ridges 
afterward  increase  in  height  and  in  strength  of  serrations,  and  become 
the  spinous  lobes  already  described;   two  strong  diverging  spines  at 
angle  of  proopercle,  and  2  rounded  lobes  below  them.    Three  large  plates 
and  a  number  of  smaller  ones  occupy  cheek  below  saborbital  stay.    Pos- 
terior portion  of  mandible  expanded  into  a  rough  projecting  bony  promi- 
nence.    Mouth  horizontal,  overpassed  by  the  snout  in  adults  for  a  distance 
equaling  i  or  less  tlian  ■*  diameter  of  orbit;   snout  not  noticeably  pro- 
jecting iu   the  very  young.     Maxillary  reaching  slightly  beyond   front 
of  orbit,  equaling  A  length  of  suont  and  eye.    Teeth  in  broad  bands  in 
jaws;  a  distinct  patch  on  front  of  vomer,  none  on  palatines.     Branehios- 
tegal  membranes  broadly  joined,  with  a  very  narrow  free  fold  posteriorly, 
or  with  none.     Six  pairs  of  barbels  on  under  side  of  head;  1  on  nnder  side 
of  snont  in   front  of  premaxillaries;  2  at  end  of  maxillary;  1  near  mid- 
dle of  maxillary;  1  on  lower  lip  just  below  angle  of  mouth;  1  forked  for 
A  its  li'ngth  at  middle  of  side  of  lower  lip.     In  their  distribution,  rela- 
tive lengths,  and  in  the  constantly  bilid  character  of^the  last  described, 
they  correspond  exactly  with  the  barbels  of  L.  (Ucagonut,  but  the  latter 
has  apparently  none  on  under  side  of  snout.     Interspace  between  dorsals 
somewhat  variable,  }  to  i  diameter  of  orbit.     Anal  beginning  2  plates  iu 
advance  of  second  dorsal ;  ]>ectoralH  .5J  in  length  of  body,  the  lower  rays 
graduated,  t  to  C  of  the  lower  ones  thickened,  with  exserted  tips;  ven- 
tral fina  nearly  twice  as  long  in  males  as  in  females,  iu  the  latter  less  than 
diameter  of  orbit;  <:audal  slender,  1}  in   head.     Color  light  grayish  or 
brownish,  \)!iU-  below;  a  bluish  black  stripe  from  ventral  spines  to  front 
of  orbit;  suborbital,  )ireoperi-Ie,  and  o]>ercle  with  numerons  dark  spots; 


Jordan  and  Evennann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2076 


!i  ilark  blnti-lt  rm  the  hide  opposite  middle  of  lirst  dorsril;  »  faint  dnrk 
liur  iiniler  tilt!  iHittM'ioi' ami  M  >inul»r  udo  iiiulfr  jiusterior  p:ii-t  (if  Hut-oud 
dorsiil ;  1tt>th  tlorsula  witli  ind<^liiiiti<  ulilii|irR  ilaik  liuiidH;  ]ie<'toi:il.><  diirk 
excejtt  tlin  Inwt'i-  proxiitiiil  jimt,  with  iiarrtiw  hjirs  t>l"  hlrick  ;  veiitrnlM  li^ht 
in  fttiimlo,  dnrk  iu  iiiah*;  until  dark  posteriorly;  niiidal  clnrk,  fuiiotly 
liurred.  Coast  of  Ala«ku;  known  from  .■l/6fl/r(»»»  Stfttious  3219,3225. 3'i2l5, 
32r.5.  3256. 3257,  3L'i>«.  3263,  32(;!>,;W7<J,  ;il.'82,  3;J0!i.  and  333IP.  l*>ciit<;d  ou  both 
sides  of  the  Poiitnsiiln  of  Ahisku  i«nil  both  north  arid  nuuth  of  the  Aleutian 
ilisiiti;  depth  Ki  t-o  35U  ftithonis.  (Ciilbort);  also  ohtaineid  nt  I'roTOHtinayii, 
KHiiiidi:itkii.     (./V<na(i(»,  hridlt^d.) 

Oduulni<,,xUi JrmaluK.  (tii.BKiir.  Kopl.  V .  S.  Ptiih  Comm.  \Wi  (18I)A),  1.19,  |i1.  W,  Ak-S.  Alaska 
and   Aleutian    Island*,  at  Albatross   Stations   331s.  3119,  and  others,  in    16  to  351 

Tathoms. 

81-20.  SAKHtTOn  LKPTUKHYNCIIl'S  lliilbert). 

Ilr'iid  .|  in  It^n^th;  Hiioiit  2^  in  hi;-ad  in  specinimi  1(X)  mm,  lon^-  K.vo 
3i,  >'(|inLlin^  kuitrthof  miixilhiry  ;  iutrrorbital  with  j  eye.  Hniiichioste^al 
nteiuhranes  hrondly  united,  esti-iihively  free  laterally,  Joiat'd  to  isthnitis 
mi'si.tlly  to  pxtri'ine  postj'rior  ui»rRiu,  or  l<'aviiijr  «  very  narrow  inartfin 
frf'e.  Teeth  prcsi-nt  on  jaws  and  on  vouierj  none  on  palatiii<-8.  Doraikl 
\'l  to  VIII,  6  or  7;  anal  B  or  7;  jiectornl  M;  vuntral  J,  2;  pecturuli*  loufj, 
rc'ttching  to  or  beyond  inidilh'  of  HpiuoiiH  dorsal,  aH  i<>Ji«  ;ia  suont  and  ey<>; 
vt>ntr»lH  eijnaliu;;  IfOfjlh  of  mioiit.  Very  cbwe  to  S. jWiiatus,  with  nhi<-h 
it  iif^rcoti  in  urriuigfintMit  of  |>lHt<<K,  HpiueH  on  head,  and  barliids;  di.itin- 
);iiiMliHblo  at  once  by  the  elonKAte  slt^nder  onoiit  and  ditferiug  in  fhe 
followtiif;  niuueroiiii  dctailit:  The  body  im  aomewbat  broader  and  more 
depressed,  itn  greatcBt  de))th  a  little  ]vnn  tlinii  jf  itii  ^reutent  width,  which 
ocoure  «<'ro««  preop»Trular  t^pincei.  The  body  narrows  rapidly  bnoktvard 
to  below  Hpinnna  dornal,  oa  in  yonng  S./rinatit*  of  the  Hnnic  8i/.o.  Coin- 
pare<l  with  N.  /ifnatuH  of  the  Hanke  nI?.*',  thi"  plutea  on  body  an-  much  I«m« 
Bpinouii,  the  Hoperiur  and  inferior  lat^Mal  and  the  ventral  serieH  in  some 
B[K"Ciinin»  hcariufj  spinew  on  a  few  of  the  antrrtol-  platrH  only,  and  the 
BpliieH  of  dornul  K»>riea  an-  lower.  Five  plates  before  dorsal,  10  iiinler 
8])inoua  dorsal,  2  bi't  wei-ii  dorsals,  7  under  second  domal,  iin<i  16  on  euiidal 
peduncle.  The  inferior  lateral  ridjjvN  rise  autorioily,  jireatly  coMBtrictiiig 
the  lateral  face  under  atilcrior  jiart  <d' ttpiiiooH  dorsal,  ll  then  descends 
Hii|;htlv  :tnd  lMM-onii>s  ulnioat  or  ipiite  <diiioh:te,  the  series  of  phiteK  ending 
behind  the  iipiier  pectoral  rnyH.  In  ^'.  frrmiitin,  the  coDHtriction  of  the 
lateral  face  does  not  occur,  the  rid^e  in  stroni;ly  inarked  anteriorly,  and 
ends  below  niiddle  of  jiectoral  bane.  In  A.  Itptoiiii/iuhuii  we  have,  there- 
fore, a  iiiiodi  njirrowr'r  interval  between  the  anterior  ends  of  tin'  nj)per 
and  the  lower  lateral  scrieB.  ThtB  interval  is  occupied  by  but  3  |dat<>a, 
arranged  in  u  serien,  deercasiiifi  in  size  backward.  The  upjwr  preoper- 
calar  and  the  Uimieral  opines  are  macli  larger  than  in  .S.  J'irimtiin,  the 
forunr  jfri'utly  overpassiiiK  the  sicond  .■^pine.  The  rostral  H]>ines  are  simi- 
lar, but  the  terminal  plate  ronglienetl  hut  not  Benate,  the  [losierior  Hpiue 
not  detncliod.  Stiouf  Kf^'lj'  produced  liiIo  a  narrow  Lrian|rnlar  piece 
which  overpassed  the  month,  for  11  distanc<-  e<|nali)i^;  i  diameter  of  orliit  in 
a  M]AOciiucn  100  uuu.  lung.     In  speciiueus  of  .S.  J'rimiluis  ul  thi.s  length  thu 


2076         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


ends  of  the  rostrum  cuu  barely  be  seen  from  below.    A  few  prickles  present 
on  upper  side  of  rostrum,  and  tht>  usual  scries  above  pupil.    Minntely  ser- 
rated ridges  on  sides  of  suuut,  and  1  below  eye.    No  prickles  on  top  or 
sides  of  hea<l.    Plates  on  braucfiio8t<.>gal  membranes  and  on  gular  regrion 
smaller  and  more  numerous  than  in  S./renatua.    Twenty  plates  on  breast 
without  spines,  or  tbe  young  with  V(<ry  small  ones.    Color  darker  than  in 
S.  /renatttt,  the  under  parts  unmarked  anteriorly,  dotted  posteriorly  with 
brown ;  upper  part**  dark  brown  in  spirits,  with  6  or  7  more  or  leas  dis- 
tinct black  bands,  which  are  margined  narrowly  with  lighter;  a  black 
streak  forward  from  eye,  and  several  black  8pot«  and  blotches  on  sidc^ 
of  head;    caudal   blackioh;   soft  dorsal  dunky,  obscurely  marked  witJi 
lighter;  spinous  dorsal  black,  sharply  blotched  with  pure  white;  ventrals 
and  lower  pectoral  rays  white,  the  upper  part  of  pectorals  with  obscure 
bars  of  black,    ('oast  of  Alaska.    A  few  specimens  from  Albatro»$  Sta- 
tions H215,  3210,  3259,  and  3267,  north  and  south  of  the  Alaskan  Peninsula, 
in  32  to  59  fathoms.     (Gilbert.)    (Afffroj,  slender; /itJ^^os,  snout.; 

Odontupyxit  Uptorhi/nchii;  GUJIEBT,  Kept.  V.  S.  Fish  CoDim.  18B3  (1806),  437,  Bering 
Sea,  north  of  Alaska  Peninsula,  at  Albatross  Station  3367,  lat.  55°  33'  30"  N.,  long. 
163°  39' W.    (Type,  No.  48727.    Coll  Albalroit.) 

77a.  XYSTES,  Jordan  &  Starks. 
Xy$U»,  Jordan  &  Stabks.  Proc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  1895,  824  {axinophryi). 

This  genus  is  allied  to  Arerruneue,  difTering  in  its  shorter  vertical  fins, 
the  rays  of  both  dorsals  being  subequnl,  the  last  of  each  not  mnch  shortened 
and  not  adnate  by  membrane  to  the  skin  of  the  back ;  the  lower  rays  of 
the  pectoral  progressively  shortened;  plates  on  body  very  rough,  the 
spines  strong;  a  strong  knife-like  spine  above  eye;  no  barbels;  no  pit  at 
the  occiput.     North  I'acific.     (?t'<Jr;/5,  one  that  scrapes.) 

2431.  XVKTES  AXINOPIIKTS,  Jurdan  &  Starks. 

Head  3i  in  length  of  body;  depth  5.  I).  IX,  8;  A.  10;  pectoral  15; 
lateral  line  38;  orbit  4  in  head;  Mnoiit  to  tip  of  rostral  spines  3^ ;  max- 
illary 3,'i ;  interorbital  3i;  peetoral  11;  hifthest  dorsal  spine  21;  highest 
dorsal  ray  2;  highest  anal  ray  2};  length  of  caudal  liii  Ig.  Body  elongate, 
snbcylindrieal,  deepest  and  broadest  at  shoulders;  belly  prominent; 
dorsal  outliuo  straiglit  from  first  dorsal  ajiino  to  caudal  (in,  curved  up 
anteriorly  to  occi]nit.  Head  very  irregular,  iiiiioh  broken  by  largo  spines; 
mouth  inferior,  rather  broad,  niaxillarv  reaching  to  the  vertical  from  front 
of  orljit;  lips  tliiu,  uot  broken  u]>  into  papilbc;  upper  jaw  protractile; 
teeth  small,  in  villiloini  bauds  on  jaws,  voiuci',  and  palatines;  the  anterior 
edge  of  premaxillary  directly  under  the  base  of  rostral  spines;  a  few  very 
small  bluut  papilla-  behind  chin,  a  barbel  at  end  of  maxillary,  not  1  so 
long  as  diameter  of  pupil.  A  pair  of  sharji  rostral  spines  pointing 
forward  and  upward;  lichiud  these  a  j)air  of  curved  spines  pointing 
upward,  outward,  and  backward;  between  these  an<l  behind  the  rostral 
sjiiiuis  iin  almost  cii'cular  pit  which  is  entirely  occupied  by  the  upper 
end  of  th<'  premaxillary  jirocess;  interorbital  wide  and  concave,  a  slight 
median  ridge,  running  from  the  rostral  pit  to  a  point  above  pupil,  each 


Jordan  and  Evermann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     2077 


«i«l<>  of  which  is  an  ontwarilly  curved  ii(l>;t'  finliii};  in  n  iiiinuto  npino; 
over  fivch  nyo  is  the  hirtrcst  spine  on  the  IhmkI  or  Imily ;  the  tar^e  triitii- 
gnlai'  orliit:il  snin«',  its  lin-to  oociipyiujj;  Dually  th<i  wliolo  npai-n  almve 
eye,  Hharp  and  str«u),'ly  hnolted  l)acli;  itn  tlu<  uiit<'rior  part  nf  ita  basi*  a 
Hmiill,  flhiiip,  ])reo>l)it;il  apinc,  puintiuii  iipwnrd ;  a  jwrioa  ufrniniitf  Hpiries, 
niiiiiin;;  nu'diiilly  iiltmg  the  tup  <if  the  hcfid  tintl  Lddj',  from  u.  pniiit 
hrtweon  thti  oiliitnl  spiner*  Ui  the  lilst  dorsal  spine;  on  cuih  side  of  t)it>«e 
iirft  2  lai'Ke  hluiit  Npiiies  witli  traces  of  a  sniuller  one  Iwtwcen  tln-m,  con- 
tinuotiM  with  thi-  dorsal  ki'clH  <if  hixly;  f;irttior  dmru  and  lontinnoiiH 
with  the  iippiT  lateral  Isei'!  <»f  body  w  a  ridjii'  hroki-n  ujt  into  4  irre{,'iihir 
wpiiirs,  lar;jcr  thnri  the  liody  apine»;  -l  triniigiilivr  sjtines  on  i-il^re  of 
prrfi|ierclo,  tho  (ippuroiir  the  largest;  :i  vi-ry  irri'gnijn  ridge  running  from 
iippir  prcoptTi'iiliir  H|iili(«,  titnli'T  cyt',  to  liiLuilt;  a  lid^e  on  nppcr  part  of 
opiTcli'.  rtody  with  -I  ridgi^B  uii  i-aih  sitl^,  foiiiii-d  liy  t!ii>  ttt'air'«,  (>!nh  of 
whirh  i-nds  in  a  Kpini';  trai-i's  of  a  ridge  lictwei'n  lateral  rid^jcBj  thespiaos 
on  abdouiimd  ridj^i-s  as  (<hai-p  an  those  ou  rest  of  body;  a  Y-sliapi-d  ridjco 
of  spiiiRs  ill  front  of  veulrals,  fho  forks  toward  tho  ventrals  and  the 
basii  ending  iit  giil  mi'Tiihrani";  »  raiHed  area  hetweoi  ventral  lins,  ran- 
niuK  from  their  base  to  their  tips,  which  is  entirely  coverrd  with  Kiiiall 
prick k'8,  the  amis  in  tho  po-<t<'rior  end  of  thi«;  d«rs:jl  and  ahdoiiiiicil 
ridf^ea  coaleHciii^  with  their  fellows  of  the  opposit(^  nide.  Itnt  eouiing; 
together  so  uradiially  that  it  is  inipossilde  to  t^dl  exactly  ivh«^ri>  tlicy 
nnito  ri8  the  ejiines  foiitiinie  <llHtini't  to  tli«  eand^il  tin.  Smalt  >tpiiieN 
eoveriu^thi;  out<'r  part  of  tho  hasoof  the  pi'ftoral;  a  ring  of  spiiie.M  around, 
caudal  base;  orriput  abruptly  higher  than  body,  but  «earfely  forming  a 
pit  a-H  body  i»  alioiit  level  behind  it.  SpiiioiiH  dorsal  highest  in  front,  the 
noeoTid  spine  reaching  to  base  of  last  spine  when  tin  is  depressed;  tlie 
dorsal  rays  auboi|iial  in  length,  tbe  last  not  ghort'-ned  and  not  adnate  to 
body,  last  ray  ri'aebiug  to  till' tenth  plate  lu-fore  caudal  (in;  pectoral  fiu 
posteriorly  rouaded  in  outline,  tliu  loiver  rays  Hot  produced,  reiirhiiig  to 
Becoml  plat*'  before  anal  lin;  ventrals  snudl,  reaching  just  past  vent;  rinal 
longer  and  lower  than  soft  dorsal;  dorsal  anil  anal  ending  at  the  same 
corresponding  place;  caudal  liu  rounded  behind.  Color  in  ^pint8,  gray 
with  7  or  8  dark  cross  bars;  head  nniforiii  gray  with  the  esc6]ition  oF  a 
diirkspot  atoccipiit;  belly  dusky;  doisuls  soinewhat  mottled;  an;il  black 
with  a  white  spot  near  its  middle;  pectorals  white  with  a  largo  black 
spot  oil  baso  of  rays;  ventral  black,  abruptly  white  at  tips;  eftiidal  black, 
edgi-d  with  white.  I'nget  Sound.  One  specimen,  li  inches  in  length, 
dre«lgi'd  at  I'ort  Orchard,  near  Seattle.  (.Fordau  &  Starkg.)  Another 
aiuce  taken  at  Port  Ludlow.     {a\ivi},  an  ax;  o^ftv%,  eyebrow.) 

S.yttrt axinophr^t,  JoBtiAN  ii.  Stauks,  I'roc.  C«1.  Ac.  Sci.  ltl»&,  834,  ]il.  02,  Port  Orchard, 
Admiralty  Inlet.    (Cull.  E.  C.  St«rk«.) 


773.  BATHYAGONUS,  Gilbert. 

BaCAyoffonuj,  (llLniST,  Prac. U.S.  Nat, Uiu.,  xiu,  1890,88  (nigrifii'MA*'). 

Spinou.s  dorsal  developed;  lower  Jaw  the  longer;  plates  of  bmlyspinoTia; 
gill  membranes  united  (o  isthniiis.  not  foruitng  a  lold  across  it;  teetb  well 
developeil  oil  jaws,   vouiw,    and  palatines;  pectorals   not  iiutchud,   the 


2078         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 

tipper  rays  longest,  the  lowor  hecotniiifr  regularly  shortened;  bones  of 
hen<1  tbin  and  yielding,  tlie  system  of  mnoons  ranals  very  strongly 
developed.    Deep-sea  Agonoids.    (/3a:9t'$,  deep;  ^<;onu«.) 

842S.  BATHTAGOXCN  MflRIPIXMS,*  Gilliert 

B.6;lD.6to8;2D.6or7;  A.7to9;P.15orl6;  V.3(I,2);C.1-11-1;  ver- 
tebral 11  +  34  =  (46).  Pyloric  eieoa  .5  (1  individual).  Body  depresned 
throughout,  <l«'pth  J  of  width,  the  lattt^r  9?  in  body  length ;  nharply  octag- 
onal, tail  strongly  depressed  hexagonal,  its  lafo'ral  factm  very  narrow. 
The  ridgOH  roinpressed ;  the  small  sharp  spines  pn^seiit  ou  all  the  ridges 
from  hesid  to  caudal  except  on  the  median  ventral  series  of  peduncle  and 
the  first  few  plates  behind  the  pectoral  iu  the  imperfect  lateral  series. 
One  to  3  pairs  of  plates  between  lust  ray  of  second  dorsal  and  first  median 
plate,  and  1  or  2  pairs  between  last  anal  ray  and  first  median  plate;  1  or  3 
plates  in  front  of  and  4  or  5  small,  sharply  spinous  plates  on  base  of  pec- 
torals; about  22  plat<'S,  radially  striate,  elevate<l  at  the  center,  some  of 
the  strongest  minutely  spinous,  on  breant  in  a  median  and  2  lateral  rows 
(the  latter  continuous  with  the  ventrolateral  series)  and  in  the  ridge-like 
rows  forming  the  edges  of  breast;  no  plates  medially  on  posterior  part  of 
the  branchiostegal  membrane  or  laterally  on  the  anterior  part;  from  1  to  3 
or  4  well-developed  plates  on  front  part  of  lower  side  of  lower  jaw;  the 
membranaceous  interval  behind  vent,  between  the  ventrolateral  series, 
occupied  bj'  about  5  to  9  plates,  partly  arranged  in  pairs;  none  botwe4;n 
ventrals  and  vent.  Head  4^  to  5  in  body,  much  tlepresscd,  its  greatest 
depth  \  of  its  greatest  width,  the  latter  equaling  width  of  body ;  snout 
broad,  flat,  shovel-like,  nearly  equal  to  long  diameter  of  orbit;  orbit 
oblong-oval,  it«  vertical  diameter  J  of  the  longitudinal,  the  latter  3  or  a 
little  less  in  head;  interorbital  space  concave,  about  as  in  friacanthtis,  but 
broader,  with  a  pair  of  minor  longitudinal  ridges,  about  9  in  head,  about 
2  in  vertical  dianu'ti-r  of  orbit;  the  moderate  supraocular  ridges  ending 
in  a  sharp  spine,  the  scarcely  developed  occipital  ridges  with  2  pairs,  of 
which  the  anterior  is  low  and  blunt;  the  well -developed  temporal  ridge 
with  2  or  3  Hinall  spines  and  tenninating  in  a  larger  suprascapular  spine; 
bridge  across  che<'k  close  under  orbit  with  about  1  spine  on  preorbital,  3 
on  suborbital,  and  ending  in  1  on  preo])ercle;  1  of  about  the  same  size 
l)elow  the  last  on  preoperclo.  Cheek  below  ridge  with  2  to  4  (usually  3) 
spinous  plates;  nasal  spines  small,  sharp,  directed  backward;  movable 
median  roatral  plati>  small,  varying  in  size  aud  shape  (disappearing  with 
the  prolongation  of  lower  jaw),  its  lateral  expansions  usually  free,  as 
8]>inc8;  3  small  upright  diverging  spines  (only  2  systematically  placed  in 
1  specimen).  Month  oblique,  lower  jaw  somewhat  protruding,  maxillary 
scarcely  reaching  front  of  orbit.  Teeth  moderate,  present  on  jaws,  vomer, 
aud  i)alatincs.     Two  barbels,  1  large  aixl  the  other  small,  at  tip  of  maxil- 


'  Diajtnosi.s :  liody  sli'iidi-r,  tai>crin(r  iiiiiloiiiilv,  (loiircsKcil  tbroiipliniit,  it«  depth  I  of  its 
widtli  nt  liimc  of  pi'ctorala.  Ilic  tiitlcr  !t.|  in  lenstli;  licad  4J  to  5  iii  length.  Platen  in  the 
dorsal  sericH  4.'t  or  44 :  Im'Iwciii  oi-ciiiut  aud  lir»t  dorsnl  7  or  8;  l>ctwtM'n  dorfialn  6,  some- 
tiniPH";  Iietwccn  vi-ntralH  and  anal  i:i  to  Ifi  pairn.  I.owor  jaw  protrndinu;  2  barbels  at 
tip  <>r  each  maxillary;  median  rostral  i)lati' present,  with!)  small  diverging  spioes;  iiaaal 
spines  small,  separate:  1  pair  supraorular  and  2  pairs  oceipilal  spines.  Oillinembnuies 
joined  to  isthmus.     Under  side  dusky,  li;;lit4'r  above :  all  the  tins  blue  black. 


Jordan  and  Evennann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     iiOT!) 


lary,  none  on  lowpr  jivw,  tin-  niiK'oua  poD's  bordorcil  liy  lobc-d  flaps.  Gil? 
int>uibr;iiir8  liruailly  miitrilj  joimiil  to  iwthnius,  without  fn-f  fold.  Dorxii] 
GiiH  well  Bi'piir;ite(I;  niiiil  bf;;Jiiiii]i£  about  'i  plates  in  froitt  of  be<i;lniiio;r 
<>f  seioud  tbiraal;  pi'Ctor;ilK  SJ  in  body,  tluir  ba**'  S^  iu  Ibeir  leugtli,  witli 
I'p  or  1)>  fii'iidiiiited  rays,  the  uppermost  bmju'st;  voiitruls  of  mule  neiirly  'A 
ill  Ileal!,  iibiiiit.  oi{iiii1  to  Imi^  iliiimrter  til'  orbit,  tborix  of  IVtuiile  9  to  \  ax 
biug  aM  those  of  iiialt-;  vmidal  :iboiit  3  tiuien  iw  long  aa  with'  at  ba«ci.  Lat- 
tnit  fine  with  43  or -M  )M>rf«;  p|jit<'«  sjiinLdewa,  rathur  liirgo.  In  si  young 
nitib'  2  iiK-hra  luii^  t)ie  lucdiita  rostnil  pbite  ih  absent,  all  the  ]dii(fM  ini 
breiwt  Kharply  ridged  and  apiiHtns;  vent  near  tip  of  vi-ntrii)s,  \  of  the  ilis- 
tain'i-  frciiu  vi-iitralu  to  jiual,  with  "i  pair.i  of  uiiinitr  Hpiiiuus  platis  bi'twi'CMi 
vciitrala  and  vent.  Uody  not  tapering  nniformly ;  broinler  in  fr^ut,  riai- 
rowinj;  alirn]>tly  nt-ar  front  of  lirnt  dorsjil;  tail  not  h«  tdik  li  ticprt'ssed; 
head  3^  in  body  leiiKtb,  Color  lijflit  above,  blue  black  on  under  Bid<'  of 
bead;  breaat  siud  belly  dusky;  all  tin"  (ins  iiilenwdy  bltio  blark.  I'auiflc; 
known  from  the  Ak-iitiau  Island.s,  Bfriug  Sea,  south  to  loant  of  WnHliiuj;- 
tou ;  abumittnt  in  3.")0  to  477  fntboms.  Hert- di-scribi-d  from  Dr.  Gilbert's 
typcH.    Dr.  Gilbert  observee: 

In  odnlt  iip«c.inienii  the  Inwnr  pocloral  rnyii  ihow  a  tendeooT  to  elongate,  on  in  XenorAi- 
rii«,  liut  Ihp  flu  is  Dover  iliAtiuclly  iiotolied.  Tbe  luwcrjnw  iiiwayi  strouKl.v  i>rutrtidi«, 
unci  tilt' gfUiiH  (litVer^ /iirtHi'T  In  till)  \  cry  tlilii  crmnLn]  huiiua  uiid  tlio  i]ior(Ui]ali*  i](.*v4-lf>p' 
nit^Dt  of  Clue  iDui'ouA  ny«UMii.  In  ndilitioD  tit  tfaL^  npec'ffic  cHurartiTH  m«iutiouL*d  In  tbv 
origliin)  duBoriptidii,  wc  tiuli-  thai  tite  <\v>'1>all  doco  uot  I'lliiliit  tlir.  u-iinil  r<!W  of  jirii'lslfii 
iind  tbiit  2  bttrtiL-li*  nro  uniiolly  prcwnt  at  end  <vf  iiinxilliirv.  i-iiher  liliick  or  whl<o  tn  rxAnx. 
Tli«  tni^orily  ot*  rho  H}>ociinrnN  were  obtiunCHl  nui'tli  of  l'iialM!«kii  laluij4,  but  it  wiw  qIho 
taki'Ji  nuutb  of  tin-  Inloiidii.  and  v\\  th«  roast  of  Waihio^non.  at  Mh,nrau  SUttloua  3210, 
3316.  3^34,  33»,  3;i'.>U,  3X10,  3331,  3:i37,  and  3343;  depths  106  tu  4H3  fatboint. 

(nXgfr,  blai-k  ;  pinna,  fiu,) 
BatKyaijonMi  niiirijiiniiu,  GlLOKllT.  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Uin.  1890,  W,  Aleutian  lalaodi  and 
coaat  of  Waabiogtoo.    (ColL  Albatrou.) 

774.  XENOCHIRUS,  Gilbert. 
Xenoekinu,  GaBEBT,  Proo.  IT.  S.  Mat.  ^lua.  \ni.  IBDU,  90  (triaeanthvt) . 

SpinouH  doraal  proHent.  Jaws  cipml  or  the  iipptT  tbe  lonj^rr,  IMutes  of 
body  gpinona.  Gill  tuombraiii'B  united  to  JHtbtuUH,  the  posterior  cd^e 
soniotiini'H  formiu^r  a  very  narrow  free  fold  acroR.i  throat.  Tip  of  Kuout 
with  a  movable  nie<!iafi  plat«  or  spine.  Teeth  well  developed  on  jaws, 
vomer,  and  jialatiufM,  Pectorals  divided  by  a  deep  noteli  into  2  portions, 
tbe  lower  coinpo,"(ed  of  greatly  thiekened  rays  which  arc  Hiuiplo  and  fro- 
i[U(Mitly  lonjfer  than  those  of  the  upper  lobe,  these  lengthened  rays  not 
usually  dovelo|ied  in  the  young.  A  series  of  sitiall  Kptnea  on  eyeball  abov« 
pupil.  North  Pucilic.  Thi«  geuus  it>  very  close  to  llalhijagnHun  wbicli 
repi-efleutH  it  in  deeper  ■wat4'r.  Fioth  are  near  (hionlopyTh,  but  the  n-lation 
to  Arrrruneun  and  Sarritur  is  more  remote,     {^eroi,  strange;  x^'l^i  band.) 


ItOHlral  plate  witb  3  uprifxbl  apiniM. 
h.  Uroast  with  uuniprous  plates. 
bb.  Ilraanl  Hninoth',  plates  of  body  ronKlier. 
I.  lltntral  plnlc  with  1  uprigbt  «piu«. 

r.  (till  nif^nvliniui'  with  p4mt(!rior  free  fold. 
ce.  Hill  imttubmm-  wlllmnt  posterior  (nf  fold. 


fK.STAOAMTHUS,  MU. 
AULbCAHCa,  1424. 

LATITROHft.  Wb. 
TRIACA.NTBUS,  SIM. 


L 


2080         Btdletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


2428.  XK>'OCHIRITS  PK.XTACIXTHI'S/  Gilbert. 

B.6;l  D.5to7;2D.5to7;  A.6to8;  P.14orl5;  V.3(I,2);C.1-12-1;  ver- 
tebrm  12 +  28  =(40).  Pyloric  c<i!ca  5  (1  individual).  Body  8-hedral, 
slightly  depressed;  peduncle  considerably  depressed,  hexagonal,  the  lat- 
eral faces  narrow.  Spines  of  body  small  and  sbaqi,  projecting  backward 
nearly  parallel  with  axis  of  body,  decreasing  gradually  in  size  from  head 
to  caudal  in  the  dorsolateral  and  superior  lateral  series,  poorly  developed 
on  the  inferior  lateral  series  only  from  behind  thi;  pectoral  to  opposite 
front  of  anal,  entirely  absent  from  the  ventrolateral  series.  Plates  on 
breast,  2  pairs  in  front  of  ventrals,  followed  anteriorly  by  3  median  single 
plates;  on  each  side  of  these  a  longitudinal  row  of  4  or  5  smaller  plates, 
eontinnons  with  the  ventrolateral  series;  outside  of  these  the  plates  form- 
ing the  edge  of  the  breast.  Braiichiostegal  membrane  posteriorly  with  3 
or  more  very  weak  plates  medially,  or  none  at  all;  none  on  the  mem- 
branes laterally ;  2  or  3  fairly  developed  ones  in  front  part  of  under  side 
of  lower  jaw;  the  membrane  behind  vent  studded  with  several  poorly 
developed  plates,  none  between  ventrals  and  vent.  Head  as  in  A'.  lati/ron$, 
but  more  depressed  and  slender;  snout  not  quite  so  short,  blunt;  greatest 
depth  of  head  |  of  its  width,  the  latter  7  in  length  of  body;  orbits  large, 
oval,  their  longitudinal  diameter  2^  in  head;  a  slightly  curved  row  of  4 
or  5  backwardly  directed  small  spines  on  eyeball  just  above  pupil;  inter- 
orbital  space  deeply  concave,  with  minor  ridges  very  narrow,  about  3^  in 
long  diameter  of  eye,  9  in  head ;  a  single  pair  of  supraocular  spines ;  the 
poorly  developed  occipital  ridges  with  2  pairs  of  spines,  of  which  the 
anterior  is  very  low  and  blunt ;  temporal  ridges  moderate,  terminating  in 
a  blunt  spine;  the  interrupted  ridge  across  cheek  less  prominent  and  shelf- 
like than  in  A',  latifrons,  bearing  1  spine  (sometimes  2)  in  front  of  anterior 
inferior  angle  of  orbit,  1  or  2  on  suborbital,  and  a  single  broad  flat  spine 
(sometimes  preceded  by  a  very  small  one)  at  posterior  edge  of  preopercle; 
cheek  below  ridge  entering  into  ventral  surface  of  head  with  a  longitudinal 
scries  of  3  or  4  plates;  nasal  spines  sharp,  far  apart;  median  rostral  plate 
small,  movable,  variable,  its  lateral  ex]>!insions  exposed  as  spines  and  with 
3  (in  1  specimen  4)  diverging  sjiincs  directed  upward  and  backward;  not 
projecting  beyond  premaxillaries;  maxillary  reaching  very  little  beyond 
front  of  orbit,  entirely  covered  by  ])reorbital.  Jaws  equal ;  teeth  on  jaws, 
vomer,  and  palatines.  Two  barbels  at  tij)  of  each  maxillary;  those  on 
under  side  of  mandible  iueonstaiit;  oci-asioually  a  very  small  pair  near  tip 
of  jaw,  at  the  2  ends  of  the  terminal  mucous  pore ;  another  at  edge  of  next 
mucous  pore  nearly  eonstaut,  but  very  variable,  long,  short,  or  only  a  small 
pimple,  single,  double,  or  even  a  pair  on  each  side;  occasionally  a  very 
small  one  at  edge  of  third  pore.     Dorsal  fins  separated  by  a  moderate 

*  Diapiiosin :  Body  sliclitly  ilfprosHcil,  it«  ileptli  a  littlo  less  than  its  width,  taperins 
mfMlcriitfl.v,  and  Iho  tttil  tafxriiiK  more  gradiinlly  toward  t\w  caudal;  width  of  bodv  at 
base  of  ]>ectoral8  7  ill  leu^tli :  liiadti;  ]>lati-s  in  dorsal  .series  39;  from  orciput  to  first  dor- 
sal 7  or  8,  between  dorsals  5  or  0,  lioni  ventrals  to  anal  I'J  or  13  naira;  baroels  2  at  tip  of 
maxillary,  those  on  lower  .jaw  incon^tiint,  n.Hually  2  pairs.  Mcilian  rostral  plate  small, 
nearly  vi'rliral.  with  3  iiprii;lit  spini'.s:  na.tal  spiuca  |>roniinent,  separalod;  1  pair  of  sn|>ra- 
ocularand  1  pairof  (>i'ri|>itar8pnii'.s.  Teetli  on  Jaws.  v<iun*r.  anil  palatines;  pill  membranes 
joined  to  isthmus  without  free  fold,  brownish  olivo  above,  p.ale  below;  4  or  &  dusky  croM 
bars  on  back . 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America. 


npnco;  firat  doraul  witli  .'>  to  7,  nsnally  6  apines;  aoal  begin!)  2  or  3  ]ilnt«a 
ill  trout  of  Bwotid  dorHiil;  pertorala  G4  in  leugth  of  Ixiily,  their  biiN«  3  iu 
their  tengtli,  tlie  lower  5  or  6  riiji'B  L-xRprteii,  Hepaniti'd  from  the  ii))i>er  liy 
a  uotcli  in  tlix  udiilt,  the  3  or  3  iiiiiicraioHt  (if  the  ('xsert<'d  rayn  smui-tinitrs 
longer  tbau  tbir  lonKt.<8t  upper  niye;  ventrals  of  female  a  Iittlt>  less  than 
\ox\^  diauicV'r  of  orbit,  i  :ii)  long  as  iu  mate;  oiuidtilS  timeit  as  longa.s  wiila 
at  Uiise;  lateral  Hue  39  to  41;  pore  pl(it<'Ji  thin,  weak,  spinplexs.  Color 
olive  browiiiali,  palo  Ibf-low.  with  »  faint  rroM  Invra,  1  beneiith  first  dorsal, 
I  between  don*al»,  1  beiicatb  jmsteriur  piirt  ufsci-ond  dcugtil  riinniDg  up  (in 
fiu,2on  pediiuvle;  tbcsv  bu^^«&ftt^n  iiidlHtinct  or  iibseiit:  iiblackJRh  blotrh 
ill  ;Lxi] ;  caudal  blucU,  narrowly  edged  with  wbit*;  dnraaU  d>i«ky,  darker 
toward  tips,  Bei-ond  dorsal  narrowly  white-edgml ;  pectorals  dusky ;  abort, 
black  8ti'i-akg  (in  ritys  forming  iiidefiuito  croas  barn,  tfaoae  at  bjiao  aggro- 
gat<>d  into  a  btotrh ;  vontruls  light  in  l»otli  ucxca,  I.engtli  7  inchen.  Deep 
waters  of  North  Pacilic,  Bering  S«*a  to  JSau  Diego,  iu  70  to  33<J  fathoms. 
Here  dcHcribed  from  Dr.  Gilbert's  types.    (wfVrf,  five;  axtrvOa,  apino.) 

Xtnoehirvt  jimtaennthut,  CiincnT,  Pro*.  V,  8.  Nat,  Mn».  1890,  >1,  Bering-  Sea  and  off 

San  Diego.     WM.  Ailiatrant.) 

«484.  XEIVOCHIRVN  AI.AK1<A>T.S,  r>iltiflrt. 

Head4i  to  4^  in  length;  width  of  bead  equating  or  slightly  exceeding 
length  ufHMoiit  and  eye.  I>eptb  of  body  equaling  length  of  snout  uud  } 
eye.    Fin  rays  in  8  spBcinieuH  as  follows: 


Splnoai  donal. 

ttoftdoiaaL 

Anal. 

Ran 

V. 

VI 

vn. 

s. 

T. 

7. 

8. 

1 

t 

3 

e 

1 

7 

1 

Pectoral  15  or  IG.  Ventral  I,  2.  Lateral  lino  351  or  10.  A  decided  pit 
behind  the  eyes,  and  a  diuji  transverse  nuchal  deprpH.Hinn,  thf  two  separ- 
ated by  the  prominrnt  occipital  region  Snout  of  tundei;ite  Jeugth,  iiinch 
depresNed  behind  the  ti|iincs,  3<  to  3?  in  head.  V.yu  3  in  head  in  udnlt«. 
Ijjterorbital  apace  wider,  itnich  more  deeply  concave,  the  siipraoi-ulur 
ridgea  very  heavy,  minutely  roiigliuned,  ending  posteriorly  in  roUunt 
(*piiif's.  Rostra]  apineo  as  in  X.  pi-nlavtivtUii*.  A  mnall  apical  plato  bi-.-ir- 
ing  3  aiiiall  diverging  (tpincs,  behind  which  are  l*  longer  oura.  l'r<-or- 
bital  with  a  email  apinoiia  point  dirt>*tC'd  luu-kward)*.  A  apine  posteriorly 
on  bony  bridge  acrnas  cheek.  Below  this  bridge,  the  cheok  ia  entirely 
luailetl  by  3  rounded  plates  whirh  bear  no  spines,  except  in  the  young, 
and  so  intimately  .joined  that  the  antiirea  aro  difticult  to  discover.  In 
X. pntlaeaiithux  the  plates  aro  much  Hniiiller  and  do  not  entirely  cover 
the  cheeks,  leaving  Moft  areas  Hurrunudtng  them;  the  2  poat«rior  plates 
in  this  apccies  alao  bear  apines.  Maxillary  3^  iti  bend,  barely  reaching 
front  of  orbit.  Teeth  on  .jaws,  vomer,  and  palatines,  the  nanal  row  of  5 
or  6  prii'kles  on  eyeball,  Prcopcnle  with  3  diverging  spine.s  at  angle,  a 
luiiuded  lolie  beneath  them;   spiues  and  ridgt.-s  iitberwiae  aa  iu  S.prnta- 


2084         Bulletin  4.7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


84Se.  XRNOOHIKITK  TRIACANTHCR,*  Gilbert. 

B.  6;  1  D.  5  or  6;  2  D.6  or  7;  A. 6;  P.  13;  V.3  (1,2);  C.  1-U-l.  Body 
depresned  throughout  its  length,  sharply  octagonal,  peduncle  hexagonal ; 
the  sharp,  delicate  Hpincs  ]>r«-Bent  on  all  the  ridges  from  head  to  caudal, 
except  the  first  few  plates  ou  the  inferior  lateral,  and  on  the  Tentrolateral 
from  a  short  distance  in  front  of  anal  to  candal ;  one  pair  of  plates  between 
last  ray  of  second  dorsal  and  flrst  median  plate  (the  first  3  me<liau  plat«e 
sometimes  each  with  a  pair  of  closely  approximated  spines)  and  1  pair 
between  lost  anal  ray  and  first  median  plate;  about  25  radially  striated 
plates  ou  breast,  5  or  6  xniall  ones  on  posterior  part  of  gill  membranes  in 
front  of  breast,  1  on  each  side  anteriorly,  and  3  or  4  well-developed  plates 
on  f^ont  part  of  under  side  of  mandible ;  intervals  between  ventrolateral 
behind  vent  with  12  to  15  small  plates,  mostly  in  paii-s,  none  between 
ventrals  and  vent.  Head  more  depressed  and  elongate  than  in  A',  pentacati- 
thus  and  latifront,  its  depth  t  in  width,  the  latter  8i  in  length  of  body; 
snout  elongate  triangular,  nearly  equal  to  long  diameter  of  orbit.  Orbits 
oval,  the  vertical  i  of  the  longitudinal  diameter,  the  latter  3  in  head;  a 
slightly  curved  row  of  3  to  5  spines  on  eyeball  above  pnpil.  Interorbital 
space  narrow,  concave,  without  minor  ridges,  9  in  head.  Supraocular 
'  ridges  ending  in  a  sharp  spine ;  occipital  low,  with  2  pairs  of  spines,  of 
which  the  anterior  is  low  and  blunt.  Temporal  moderate,  ending  in  a 
sharp  suprascapular  spine ;  suborbital  ridge  moderate,  close  nnder  orbit, 
with  1  spine  on  suborbital  and  ending  in  1  at  edge  of  preopercle ;  below  the 
latter  spine,  another,  broadly  triangular;  3  or  4  well-developed  spineless 
plates  on  lower  part  of  cheek,  which  enters  into  ventral  surface  of  head; 
nasal  spines  strong,  sharp,  far  apart ;  median  rostral  plate  small,  movable, 
slightly  overhanging,  preinasillary  (its  lateral  expansions  as  free  spines) 
bearing  a  single  upright  spine;  lower  jaw  a  little  included,  maxillary  not 
reaching  orbit.  Barbels  probably  varying  much,  for  they  differ  markedly 
on  the  2  sides  of  the  jaw  in  the  single  speeiuien  examined.  Dorsals  well 
separated;  anal  beginning  about  1  plate  behind  the  beginning  of  second 
dorsal;  ix'ctorals  TiJ  in  length  of  bodj',  their  basi'  i'',,-  of  their  length,  with 
13  ravs,  the  4  lower  exserted,  8e])arated  from  the  rest  by  a  notch,  the  2 
upper  of  the.s(^  4  longer  than  any  of  the  other  rays;  ventrals  of  male  2J 
in  head  (in  female  probably  shorter);  width  of  caudal  at  base  2^  in  its 
length.  Color  olivaceous,  with  traces  of  darker  cross  bars  ou  back,  fins 
light  or  somewhat  dusky,  fays  dark ;  ventrals  ]iale  in  both  sexes.  Descrip- 
tion taken  from  Dr.  (iilberfs  typo.  Total  length  reaches  7  inches.  Coast 
of  California  to  coast  of  < )regon,  in  47  to  204  fathoms;  a  si)ecimen  also 
taken  off  Point  Reyes  in  7.5  fathoms,     (rpf'/c,  three;  axayOa,  spine.) 

Xenochirus  triacanthus,  t;ii.nEliT.  Prm-  I'.  .S.  Nat.  Mu.s.  189U,  01,  coast  ofCalifornia, at  Alba- 
tross Station  3893,  in  145  fathoms;  Jordan  &.  Starks,  Prw;.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  1895, 827,  pi.  93. 


*  DiaciioHis:  Itodv  tajirring  iiiiironnly  from  licail  to  raiiilnl.  its  ilppth  i  of  width  at  boAc 
of  jit'ctonils.  tile  laiti»r  (*}  in  li'U^tli;  iii'ail  5  or  a  little*  Iiks.  I'latfM  in  dorsal  Rt'rics  39; 
between  oiciimt  and  lir«t  d<irs:il  7;  1k<(wiimi  dorsals  .'>:  between  ventrals  and  anal  13  pain. 
Twii  liarliels  at  tip  of  e.ich  niaxillarv.  1  pair  at  edge  of  the  terminal  niur4>ns  pore  on  tmdor 
side  of  maud  ihle,  1  at  eduiM>f  next  pore,  and  I  at  ed;:e  of  third  pore.  Me<lian  mutrnl  pinte 
with  a  single  upright  spine.  Tv'asal  spines  jironiiiient ;  1  pair  snpraociilar  and  2  palra 
iM'eipital  spines.  TeetlKm  Jaws,  voniiT,  and  palatines,  (iill  membranes  Joined  toistb- 
ninn,  witliunt  I'reo  fold.  Ulivaceoiis,  with  traces  ut  darker  cross  bars ;  tins  light,  the  rays 
darker. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fisftes  of  North  Ametka.     2085 


775.  ODONTOPYXIS,  Lockingtou. 
Odimto|*vxi«,  LocKixoTON,  Prof,  U.  B.  Nat.  Miui.,  ii,  1879,  32>l  (rrijjnnonM). 

Body  very  slender,  depreAoed,  tapering  nnifortuly  iVoiu  liuad  tu  oaadal; 

henil  \\\  t.ct  \\,  tbi)  width  of  IkhI)-  ti  t<>  7,  di-plh  (>  to  8  in  l<ii(jth  cif  liinly.  A 
deep  pit  liebiiul  iHMJpTit  witti  ii  l«iif;itmliu;il  rIdKe  in  its  bultuiiii  plati'S  iu 
dura^il  aoritirf  It.')  in  4(1;  b<illi  lUirMal  lius  priscril;  4  (3)  r:iyn  in  litiit,  <i  (7)  in 
Bi-rojjd;  ii'etii  iiuuiei-r>us  <>ii  jaws,  vmuiT,  ;niil  ]):il:itiiiei).  Gill  niciiiliiainjs 
liroailly  JDinod  tf>  intltiiius,  ■nithnut  fri'o  fnld;  a  ain^lr  npriglit  Hpinc  nii 
m«diiiii  rnKtr:il  piiitn;  Hiipriiocular  xpim-N  Kin:ill.  Hliar]);  '1  puirH  «>r  Itluiit 
oci-ipicol  spineii  or  tuberi'leti.     (oAoO;,  tuotli;  ;rr4i;,  box.) 


2427.  OI)»>'TOI>TXIS  TBIMPINOHIIS,'  LooklnEton. 

n.  fi;  1  D.  4  (oreii.siaiKiUy  3);  2  D.  0  (iii'oasionaljy  7);  A.  5  to  7;  P.  14; 
V.  3  (I,  2);  C  1-11-1  (stjuietiiUL")*  1-tO-l) ;  pyloric  otuca  5  to  7  (1  of  2  vi-ry 
Bmalt;  'A  iiuUviilunlH  l  lioily  (>ctA;:iiii:il,  ilie  races  u  ]ittl<'  conrave;  apiuois 
Hiiial),  »hmp,  pirscnt  mi  tln^  i|i)r»ciliit<*nil  ami  Mipcrior  lalt-nil  neriea  nearly 
from  bead  to  ijiudal ;  a  tew  very  wisik  ones  on  iiifcrinr  l:it4'ral ;  noiir  on  vcu- 
trulatiTtd  sorit'!';  a)>oiit  S  long,  nharji  RpiiH'«  on  i-arb  sida  of  bas<-  of  caudal 
oil  till'  tj'rmiii;il  plat'CH.  Two  or  3  pairs  of  plates  Itetwccii  ln«t  ray  of  soiuitd 
dorsal  and  lirst  wediun  plate,  and  I  or  2  ))air«  bctvvpon  last  anal  ray  and 
lirst  median  plate;  IS  to  20  quite  large,  radially  striated  plates  i>u  breast, 
H  or  7  of  varying  size  iu  front  of,  and  several  minute  spinous  oui'h  on  base 
uf  pei'toruls;  3  or  4  «troijg  pliib's  on  median  part  i>f  gill  ineiubntneH  poji- 
teruirly,  I  tii  H  cm  eaeli  side  in  front,  H  or  4  on  iiniler  sitii'  of  jaw,  so  that 
the  yrholo  of  nnder  side  of  Lead  is  well  armored;  1  or  2  plates  between 
veotrals  and  veut,  tlio  latter  surrounded  by  sm;ill  tnliereles.  Head  some- 
what depressed,  it»  di>pth  ,'„  of  itn  widlli,  the  latter  7  in  length  of  body; 
orbits  nearly  eirruliii,  the  loii^jitiidiiial  diameter  abnnt  'Si\  in  head;  a  few 
miunte  spini'H  on  eyebutl  abovo  pnpil;  snemt  pointed,  eipial  to  orbit; 
interorbital  spati-  concave,  narrow,  (j  of  longitudinal  diauieler  of  ciye; 
oceipltal  and  teuipoiul  ridges  weak.  A  deep  trausverae  pit  behind  occi- 
put, broader  in  front,  its  bottom  dividml  longitudinally  by  the  cranial 
ridge  aliove  the  foraaieu  m.-igituui;  siiburbital  ridge  uioilerate,  J  spine  on 
preorbital,  aiirl  a  \'ery  blnnt  tial  one  at  posterior  edge  of  operele;  1  or  2 
blnut  Hat  projections  liclow  tbo  lattj'r  spine;  ottercle  with  a  ridge  and  3 
1o  7  tirS  udniile  spines  or  prii-kles  along  its  posterior  border,  t'beek  below 
suborbital  ridge  eivtering  into  ventral  siirfai-e-  of  hi'ail,  with  2  or  3  well- 
developed  platj'H;  several  sninll  plates  in  a  loiiKitndinal  series  behind 
orbit,  abovi*  suborbital  and  prinpercle,  the  highly  movable  median 
rostral  plate  with  a  single  npritibt  spine,  its  lateral  expansions  free,  in 


*l)!agiiuiilii:  Body  tapering  iiiiifnmilv  frmn  linnd  tu  caudal,  ilppreaw-il,  its<li<ptli  alMiut  | 
uf  \\M  wIrlLli  (at  blMe  of  prvtendn).  tlie  laltrr  7  \a  leiijftb  of  Ixii!)'.  llmil  iK;  a  ilerp  pH 
babtDcl  orciiiQl,  with  .t  loii^iiiiKliniil  riilge  in  iU  IsittoTu.  I'lntm  tn  the  iturxal  wrfca  35  to 
37i  bclw«eii  >H'i'i[iiit  ami  tlrsi  dorsal  (J  (inituikinally  7)  imira;  bitueeD  dorHaIn  6  (mujuiuii' 
ally  Ith  twlw^eu  ^-pDiralqi  aruX  »nid  VI  or  tii  eaira;  t«etli  tniint^riHjH  ou  Jiiwk,  vitmnr,  Hnd 
paLatiDcv.  nriG  nnudi  lttir)).*'9  at  \\\*  of  ma\i1lAry:  >;il]  njemliram"*  Itrnnilty  joined  to 
Ulhmua,  witliiiiit  Jrtw  liild.  Medina  rootral  plate  witli  a  Binj^le  iijiriKht  npiiiit;  iinwil 
apiuM  aeparat^il ;  niiiiraoi-ulnr  spiDPA  amall,  aharp;  2  pairs  iit  occipital  iu  Ibe  fonu  of  low, 
bluut  tulwii^lea.    Color  olivacvoua,  iritb  6  or  7  darker  cruas  liars. 


2086         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museutn. 


fonu  of  Minall  spines,  slightly  overhuDging  premaxillaries.  Jaws  equal, 
niiixillary  ri>a<'biug  front  of  urbit.  Dorxula  well  Heporated;  snul  beginning 
about  1  pair  of  plates  behind  frout  of  Hocond  dorssil;  p«»ctorals  5^-  to  5^  in 
length  of  b<Hly,  the  base  about  H  in  their  length,  with  14  rays,  of  which 
the  InwtT  5  to  7  arc  fxserted,  tho  depth  of  the  notches  in  the  membrane 
variable,  the  2  or  3  uppermost  of  these  cxsert'C*!  rays  nearly  au  long  (some- 
timoH  ns  long)  as  the  longest  upper  rays;  ventral  fins  of  female  about 
twice  the  intcrnrbital  space,  about  {  of  the  vcutrals  of  male;  width  of 
caudal  at  base  3  in  the  length.  Lateral  line  38.  Color  olivac«ona,  with  7 
or  8  darker  cross  bars — 1  in  front  of  first  dorsal,  1  under  aud  extending 
into  middle  of  first  dorsal,  1  under  front,  and  1  under  hind  end  of  second 
dorsal,  and  3  or  4  on  caudal  peduncle;  a  large  blnish-blark  blotch  on 
preopercle  and  operde ;  tirst  dorsal  dark,  the  distal  i  white;  second  dorsal 
with  2  minute  incU'flnite  cross  bars  of  darker:  caudal  dark  at  base  a 
broad  dark  band  near  its  distal  end,  and  the  tip  broadly  white-edged; 
pectorals  light,  indistin<'tly  cross-barred  by  series  of  dark  streaks  on  the 
rays;  veutrals  pale  in  both  sexes.  Length  about  3  inches.  Coast  of  Cali- 
fornia, from  Piiget  Sound  to  Santa  Itarbara;  rather  common  in  It  to  57 
fathoms.  Plere  described  from  specimens  taken  off  Point  Beyes,  when?  it 
is  abundant.  (.>ne  s](o<'imeD  recorded  by  Lockington  (loc.  cit.)  as  having 
come  from  Ala-ska.     (/re*,  three;  spinoaiis,  spincd.) 

Odontopyrit  trUpinimt,  Lockinoto.v,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Muh.,  n,  1879,  828,  San  Pranciaco, 
California  ((^oll.  W.  N.  t,o<-k<ngtoD) ;  Jordan  &  Uiliiebt,  Synopala,  729, 1883;  Johdas, 
Cat.  FUhes  N.  A.,  lU,  1W5. 

776.  BOTHRAGONUS,  GiU. 

Bolhragnnvx,  tilLL  MS.,  in  Joudan  &  (iIuieut,  S.rnop!*iH,728, 1883  («ioan«). 

Head  and  front  of  back  rhombic  as  seen  from  above;  body  stronglj- 
c<>mprossc<l  beliind;  Icnjitli  of  head  '.\,  width  of  head  2 j,  depth  of  bodv 
about  4>  in  stiindanl  Ictifith.  A  deep  pit  at  nape,  several  proc<>H.>H-.s 
e.\t<'n(ling  into  it  fioni  its  posterior  cdf;e.  Month  subiuferior;  posterior 
edj;i-  of  i>i)<T<le  serrated.  Doth  dorsals  an<l  anal  weak,  with  short  rays; 
anal  iindiT  second  dorsal;  first  clorsal  3;  second  dorsal 5;  anal3;  no  spines 
anywhere.  Teeth  on  jaws  aud  vimier  (state  of  jialatiues  not  mentioned). 
Uill  niembraui-s  broadly  united  to  isthmus.     (fSoO/joi.  a  pit;  .Igonut.) 

248S.  l«)TliBA<l(>MX  SWAM!  (Slelndacliner). 

15.5;  I).  HI,,');  \.  5:  1'.  12;  V.  3  (1,2);  lateral  line  32.  Head  widening 
nipidly  backward  I'rom  the  blunt  snout,  with  4  broad,  low  (occipital  and 
temporal)  ridfjes,  between  which  the  surfaces  ar(«  concave.  Hody  narrow- 
in;;  rapidly  from  head  to  be>;iiinin;;  of  first  dorsal,  from  th*Te  to  caudal 
s1ron;;ly  compressed.  A  deep  Jransver.se  oval  pit  on  nud-dorsal  surface 
between  Occiput  and  ua]>e;  3  delicate  lar;;er  and  several  smaller  proc- 
essi's  e.\tending  into  it  from  its  posterior  edge  to  about  its  mitldlo. 
Len;;tli  of  head  3,  its  ^rreatcst  breadth  (over  opereles)  about  2J ;  depth  of 
body  uudiT  tirst  dorsal  about  4  J,  from  the  occipital  i)it  to  base  «jf  vcutrals 


Jordan  and  Evennann. — pishes  of  North  America.     2087 


n  littlv  more  tbiiii  :^  in  li-n{i;tb  of  bmly,  Intenirbitnl  ftpiiri-  Rliglitly  more 
than  J  of  Ihiiil;  smuit  4  ;  widtii  of  iiicnitli  abiiut  HJ,  iirliit  ubont  5|  in  head. 
SD<iut  roimded  auUTiorlv,  loiigiliuUiiallv  ai'4ljctl,  risiu^  knob-like  lieforu 
(lie  llu.t  foielieiKl,  iiuti  i-xtriwlitig  a  little  lnyAiiil  inuiitb,  (bo  latli-r  brn.xler 
tit  itw  nnf;!'?-''  thaii  IuhKp  tln'Si-  a  liltb'  in  front  nf  tnidille  nl"  Aye,  Teetli  on 
jawM  iind  v«iiifr  in  Hovcral  Bi'rie.s,  very  Riiiall,  lonii-iil,  blunt  nt  tijm; 
pbiti's  un  I'hi't'kK  nii'i'il  int"  tiiberib's;  pf>i*t«'ri<irly  tito  ti;inBver'<i'ly  tlat- 
ti-Qi-tl  foi'f'lu'iiil  is  sepiirttti'-d  by  aslijtlitl^'  curved,  Vi-ry  l«iw  ridfjr  from  this 
i>c<'i(tit»l  r«iK'<'"i  plates  HiirroitudiiiK  'bi"  ocidpital  pit  in  part  large  imd 
polyRonal;  last  plate  of  head,  abova  posterior  rnd  of  operi'le,  extending 
oatwiird  tiH  »  broiid,  low  pyramid;  siiinlj  bi>uy  plater*  euibeddfd  in  Hkiii 
oil  iiiideraide  of  Load  ;  preojitiiclo  apiiielesa.;  i-dge  of  opordu  Hcallopcd  mid 
Hdrratcd.  First  dorsal  btginiiiiijt  iiboiit  luiddlu  id'  body:  i<]KU'o  between 
dornitls  eipiaHng  diHtiiiino  from  center  of  eye  to  tip  of  itnout;  spinea  of  first 
dorsal  but  little  shorter  tbiiii  rays  of  secoad  dorsal ;  butb  dorsals  and  aiial 
roiiuiled;  ciiiidal  about  2  in  Lead,  Mli^btly  rounded ;  base  of  large  pecto- 
ral ri'uiliirig  to  vontnil  surfat-e,  its  longest  ray  1?  iu  heiid;  veutraU  Home 
dJHtance  liL-bitid  ])<?i;tornls,  iiboiit  2  in  tlie  latter;  iliHtanre  between  base 
of  vt'titTiilH  and  front  of  :inal  a  little  more  than  thu  bead;  anal  pit  «onie 
distance  beliind  baue  of  ventralH.  Platei*  id'  lateral  liuii  tiat,  tboso  of 
rt^inaining  (*».>rie»  uonsiderab]  v  larger  and  olevated  at  tbeir  fcuter»,  forming 
•t  sierieB  of  blunt  procfssea  or  riducs;  14  piiira  of  plates  bctweRU  ventrals 
and  anal,  5  bet'wi-eii  binder  edge  of  occipital  pit  and  tirat  dorsal  (l>  from 
urriput  tn  first  dorsal);  7  bt'tween  Kccond  dorsal  and  caudal;  veutnd 
Ntirfsce  narrowing  rapidly  from  bi-jid  to  anal  and  anteriorly  convex,  pos- 
teriorly (tut,  A  bbickisb-gray  croHS  band  snrnniails  the  Iicad,  wreatb-like, 
itM  outlines  inilefniito  in  places,  pusstng  transversely  across  forehead 
and  front  lower  edge  of  orbit  coui])letely  arouud  edge  of  month;  band 
under  lirst  clorKul  pnssing  <)bli(|Hely  forward  to  ucar  liiHcrtinn  of  ventrals; 
the  next  band  falling  between  the  dorsals,  and  the  tbird  under  eeconil 
Juraal;  both  are  vertical;  pectoraln  with  a  narrow  dark  cross  bar  at  base 
and  a  much  broader  marbli-d  one  occupyiug  nearly  the  whole  distal  half 
of  IJu  ;  ventrals  with  'A  or  4  bauds  of  dark  spot.s;  on  both  dorsals  and  anal 
oblique  cro>8  bare  of  dark  spots*;  caudal  with  uu;nti.<rou«  croM  burs  of  dark 
spots,  which  increase  in  intensity  of  color  distaliy  and  llow  together  and 
leave  isolated  spots  of  lighter;  ground  color  of  body  light  yellowish  with 
a  tingi>  of  brownish.  Length  of  the  single  specimen  I  inch  11  iiue^; 
found  dead  on  the  beach  after  a  storm.  (After  Steindiichncr.)  The  fol- 
lowing poiutd  may  bi'  addeil  from  the  4  excellent  ligures:  The  ventro- 
lateral series  lie  entirely  ou  ventral  surface  of  body  anteriorly  and  meet 
iu  front  of  vent;  2  pairs  of  plates  between  veiitriils  and  vent;  a  single 
(date  between  bases  of  ventraU,  4  plates  in  pairs  in  front  of  them  on 
L)i  east,  and  these  preceded  by  It  single  plates:  10  or  12  rather  small  plates 
in  about  ,3  rows  in  front  of  base  of  pectorals;  several  plates  on  lower 
part  of  cheek  and  a  longitudinal  series  of  them  behind  orbit,  above 
Koborbital  and  preopercle.  I'nget  Sound;  known  from  .lingle  speci- 
men. 'I'liis  species  has  been  eiToneousty  referred  to  the  genus  Ngjumgo- 
111(11,  because  of  its  shoi't  compressed  bo<ly  and  peculiar  form  of  bend. 


2088         Bulletin  47,  United  Slates  National  Museum. 


A  very  careful  compariBon  of  the  description  and  the  exc«]lent  Agraea 
with  Odontopyxis  triapinomu,  LockinKton,  with  which  Steindaofaner  was 
probably  not  acquainted,  makes  it  evident  that  in  spite  of  its  aberrant 
form,  the  Hyptagonut  Bwanii  is  more  closely  related  to  it  than  to  any 
other  known  species.    There  is  in  reality  no  point  of  resemblance  to 
H.  quadfimmis  except  the  shortness  of  the  body  and  the  compressed 
condition  of  its  posterior  part.    In  all  of  the  following  points,  some  of 
which  Steindachner  mentioned  as  differences  between  his  species  and  H. 
qHodricomit,  B.  twanii  agrees  with  O.  trUpinoaut :  Both  dorsals  and  anal 
small;  the  distance  of  the  first  dorsal  from  nape  and  the  distance  between 
dorsals  (measured  by  the  number  of  plates) ;  the  deep  pit  at  nape;  posi- 
tion of  vent,  with  1  or  2  pairs  of  plates  between  it  and  the  base  of  the 
ventrals ;  2  or  3  series  of  small  plates  between  base  of  pectoral  and  gill 
opening;  small  plutes  on  gill  membranes  and  lower  jaw;  the  longitudinal 
series  of  small  plates  behind  orbit;  the  coloration,  etc.    The  only  known 
specimen  was  less  than  2  inches  (50  mm.)  long  and  was  doubtless  a  yonng 
one.     The   most  marked  characters  which  distinguish  B.  twanii  from 
Odontopyria  are  the  shortness  of  the  body,  the  wideness  of  the  body  in 
front,  and  the  eompression  of  the  tail ;  all  are  characters  which  distingnish 
the  youug  from  the  adult  in  all  species  of  the  family  in  which  the  yoang 
have  been  seeu  aud  described,  except  that  here  these  characters  seem 
exaggerated.     (Named  for  James  G.  Swan,  of  Port  Townsend,  Washing- 
ton, a  veteran  observer  and  collector.) 

Byp$aj<miu  neanii,  SrenrDACRNEB,  Ichth.  BeitrSge,  v,  141,  pi.  4,  Sltzb.  der  Akad.  Wia«., 
LXXiv,  July,  1876,  Port  Townsend.    (Coll.  .Taraea  G.  Swan.    Typeiu  Coll.  Mng.  Vienna.) 

Bothragontui  twanii,  Gox,  in  Jobdam  6i.  Gilbekt,  Synopsis,  728, 1883 ;  Joroam,  Cat.  Fisbea 
N.  A.,  114, 1885. 

777.  ASPIDOPHOROIDES,  Lacdpfcde. 

Atjiidophoroidet.  LA<-lil'fcDE,  Hist.  Nat,  I'oiits.,  Ill,  22>!,  1802  {lrattiiuebar=rmonopterygiu*). 
Cniithirlii/netit,  Sw.mnso.n,  Xat.  Hint.  FisIihh,  <'to.,  11,  272, 1839  (mouopttryijiut) . 
AnoplniinnuK.  CiLi.,  I'lor.  Ac.  Xat.  Sci.  Pliila.,  .xiii,  1861. 25'.(  (iiierinUi). 
UlciiKi,  Cramkb.  in  JODKAtJ  A.  EvBR.MANN,  Cherk-Ijist  Ki.xlies,  449, 1896  (olriti). 

Body  :iiid  h<'a(l  more  or  less  slender;  head  4  to  (5,  width  5  to  8  in  length 
of  body  ;  8  longitudinal  rows  of  ^ilntes,  the  lateral  line  in  the  upper  lateral 
row;  about  40  plates  in  the  dorsal  8i>rie8.  Terminal  rostral  plate  present, 
iin.irined;  month  terminal;  teeth  on  jiiwM.  vomer,  and  palatines.  Supra- 
ocular and  occipital  spines  absent;  plates  of  body  more  or  less  keeled, 
without  spines,  l-'ir.st  dorsal  :ibsent;  seeoud  dorsal  and  anal  small,  oppo- 
site each  other,  eaeh  with  4  to  7  rays.  Gill  membranes  united,  narrowly 
Joined  to  istlimus  anteriorly,  free  behind.  {d6iri?,  shield;  <>opdoi>,  te  bear; 
tidoi,  form.) 

I'uiNA  [ulke.  a  sciilpin,  in  Danish): 
o.  lioily  rather  robust,  the  depth  at)out  5  in  length,  the  head  4  in  Ipngth;  plates  in  lat- 
eral line  iiHually  loss  Ihan  40. 
Ii,  Lateral  line  with  40  plates;  iia.>»al  spines  well  developed.  oLItlKl. 'J429. 

bb.  Lateral  line  with  U6  t.u  ;i8  plates ;  iia.sal  spines  very  aiiiall  or  obsolete. 

Ul-NTHEHI,2430. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2089 


Bocljr  ran-  slender,  tbc  ileplli  atbanf  8  in  length,  the  headSiufl;  pIstM  In  latwal  Um 
more  tliui  40. 
<;.  KiuAl  B]>inca  present;  no  median  dorsal  row  of  plutea  boblnil  o«eiput. 
Aiil'lIHJfunilomKS : 

d,  AlHiiii'tS  (nr  fewer)  plitlos  In  ilonxU  series:  temporal  ridge  ending  piM- 
teridrly  in  a  sliKbt  elcTatioo.     Allantin  const. 

MOSOlTKRYOrtrS.  2431. 

dd.  40  vr  50  pairs  uf  plaieti  in  dorsal  svries ;  Icniiiorul  ridgu  not  ending  pna- 
t»riorl}-  in  Ji  slinbt  rld|;o.     raciflc  coiwt.  UARTONI,  2481. 

ANOPIjKiOtrrs  (arair^vT,  lllUimiml  ;   Ag"nut): 

ce.  Niuksl  splnca  nlwent :  a  mediui  dorsal  row  of  amoll  plates  from  wcipnt  half- 
way to  doraaL  iKeiiitia.  3433. 

Subgenus  ULCINA,  Cramer. 


8489.  ASI'lItdPllOHOIDKS  (»I.RIKI.  LuCkc^D. 

D.6or7;  A.  6or7;  lM3orll;  V.3(I,  '.');  (MOd.fitkou),  Farm  short 
aud  thick  roiiipurud  with  -I.  i»io«o/('(r//;/iii», ileprcssL'il  aiitertnrlj',  (lOBtcriorly 
uiirrowui-  aud  Boiiiewhat  aii;;uliir.  Napo  and  furo  jiurt  of  back  concave; 
foreheftd  strongly  arr  hed  antero-postcricirly,  InterorHitiil  apace  roncave, 
supraorbital  ridfics  higli.  Ventral  surl'iice  flat.  Orpatcst  breadth,  ovi>r 
opeiL-leM,  J  of  k'ngtb  uf  bead,  th«  latter  \\  to  4^  in  totfd  lenjjtli,  its  ^reititost 
]ioi;;bt,  at  shoulder,  J  of  length  of  bead.  One  pair  Dfnaaul  tti>iu('a;  aHiiijjle 
barbel  at  angli'  of  muuth  (at  tiji  of  uiaxillary,  us  in  titber  Jir/ji(fo/j/i«™t(Jr»,) 
overliHiked  iu  the  ori^'iunl  deftiTiptiou.  Poi-torals  large,  about  as  long  an 
head;  other  t'lim  nqihII:  all  rays»iinple;  uiial  iiuderdorsal,  ubtnit  iiudwny 
between  huad  andfaiidal ;  vcutrals  inserted  alittlo  behindbiiaeofjmctorals. 
Eyes  large,  their  diaiuottr  Jt  or  a  little  less  iu  leugtb  of  h^^ad,  icmgcr  tban 
Bnont,  Month  »iniill,  its  angle  in  liiK' with  anterior  edge  of  orbit.  Vent 
large,  lying  with  its  Hurroundiiig  niiked  area  about  1'  pairs  of  plates  dis- 
tant from  ba.tc  of  ventrals.  (iill  luenibrunoti  united.  Kight  longitudinal 
to\«»  of  platea  on  body,  fl  on  tail.  In  dorsal  tjeries  3fi  to  38,  the  posterior 
12 or  i;i  on  tail,  nit'diiui  unpaired  ;  in  fiout  of  dors.il,  M  to  IG  pairs.  Supe- 
rior lateral  (lateral  line)  .series  3(5  to  38;  inferior  lateral  series  3,t  to  37;  on 
breast  12  to  14,  paired  and  unpaired.  Two  unpaired  plates  between  vent 
and  veiitrnlii  (ftuni  vcutral.s  to  anal  about  12  pairs).  Teeth  ou  .jaws, 
vomer,  and  palatines.  Fin  rnys,  dorsal  Ij,  aual  (!,  ia  3  individuals,  5  in 
eaeh  lin  in  the  fourth  individual  (6  orT  iu  each  tin  in  tbo  <<rcenlan(l  spuci- 
nieiia);  ]>ectoriil8  Kf  to  1.5  (in  2  specimens,  14  in  1  tin  mid  13  in  tbo  other); 
yeutrnls  3  (1,  2) ;  eaudul  lOor  11,  tbe  clev  enth  very  slmrt.  Color  more  uni- 
IViriu  dark  gray  on  hack  than  tlioso  previuualy  described  (a  fe«-  very 
iudelinitu  d:irk  eruHS  bands);  a  lar^^e  dark  pateh  un  preopercle  aud  opcr- 
cle  seems  tu  be  quit-o  eoustnnt;  the  dark  spots  on  peelurals  aud  caudal 
form  croxM  luinils  when  the  lius  are  foldcil ;  tips  <d'  dorsal,  anal,  and  ven- 
tral fins  in  general  white,  but  the  wliiK*  patch  is  wanting  in  1  specimen, 
which  is  paler  than  thf  others,  has  a  smaller  he:ul  aud  shorter  ^'entraIs. 
This  is  undoiibteiily  a  female ;  the  others  males.  llolmV  notes  on  the  color 
of  the  newly  etiugbt  8]>ecimen8  say,  "Sides  of  back  greenish,  with  brown 
markiugs,  otherwise  whitish."  Arctic  Ocesin;  known  from  west  coast  of 
Greenland,  Davis  Strait,  at 32  fathoms;  ourspccLmeus  &om  Godhavn,  Kara 
■^030 54 


2090         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 

Sea,  nt55fathoma;  Barents  Bay,  Nova Zembla.    (En.)    The  Dutch  expedi- 
tion took  15  specimens  of  this  form  in  Barents  Bay  and  probably  tronfnsed 
it  with  A.  moHopterggiu*.    Their  length  was  40  to  75  mm.     Later,  on  the 
Fylla  expedition,  Holm  toolc  9  specimens  in  Davis  Strait  on  the  wbitefiah 
banks  north  of  Holstenborg  at  a  depth  of  32  fathoms.    Their  length  varied 
from  62  to  86  mm.    The  dark  color  bands  in  these  are  more  or  leas  distinct, 
at  least  among  the  smaller  specimens.    The  ventrals  varied  a  little  in 
length,  those  with  the  short  ventrals  apparently  in  a  decided  minority. 
The  small  barbels  were  present  in  all  of  them.    Rays  of  dorsal  and  anal 
fins:  D.6;  A.  6  (3  specimens) ;  D.6;  A.  7  (1  specimen);  D.5;  A.6(l  exam- 
ple); D.  6;  A.  5  (1  example);  D.  7;  A.  6  (3  examples).     That  the  white 
patch  on  the  dorsal  (and  anal  and  ventral)  is  invariably  preaent  on  the 
individuals  with  longer  ventrals  is  undeniable.    The  aseamption  that 
it  is  a  sexual  distinction  of  the  male  thus  gains  probability;  this  was 
demonstrateil  in  the  specimens  that  were  opened.    Total  length  63  to  69 
mm.  (4  individuals').     (Liitken.) 

Atpidophormdet  olriki,  LUtkbn,  Forelob.  MeddeLom  Nord.  XTlkeftake ;  Vidensk.  Heddel. 
Katurhist.  Fnren.  Ivjiib.  386  (with  3  figuFM),  1876,  OreenUnd ;  JOBDAN,  Cat.  Fishes  N. 
A.,  113,1885;  LCtkkn,*  Sjira-UaTeta  FUhe,  6,  pi.  15,  flga.  1-3,  1886;  specimens  from 
Kara  Sea. 

8480.  A8PIDOPHOBOIDE8  GCXTHEBI,  Bean. 

D.  7 ;  A.  7 ;  v.  I,  2 ;  CIO ;  P.  12.  Body  short,  anteriorly  very  wide,  aome- 
what  depressed.  Height  of  body  6,  and  its  width  5  in  its  length ;  head 
4i,  its  depth  not  more  than  i  of  its  width,  the  latter  nearly  5  in  length  of 
body;  triangular,  very  short,  wide  posteriorly.  A  small  barbel  at  tip  of 
each  maxillary ;  teeth  iu  jaws,  vomer,  and  palatines;  nasal  spines  almost 
invisible.  Along  sides  of  head  inferiorly  4  large  mucous  pores  in  oblong 
depressions,  the  l.'vrge8t  of  which  i»  nearly  as  long  ns  snout.  Eye  3  in 
head,  considerably  more  than  width  of  interorbital  space.  Maxillary 
not  reaching  beyond  anterior  border  of  orbit;  mandible  barely  included ; 
snout  ciiuuling  interorbital  space,  the  latter  deeply  concave.  Greatest 
width  of  head  nearly  5  in  length  of  body,  and  2  from  beginning  of  dorsal 
to  base  of  caudal.  Gill  membranes  narrowly  attached  to  isthmus  ante- 
riorly, free  posteriorly;  gill  opening  wide.  A  deep  groove  along  anterior 
third  of  back.    Pectorals  2i  times  as  long  as  ventrals  and  4  in  length  of 

'  Tlin  following  Ih  tlin  Hab!<t.^nco  of  Ur.  T.iit1<i>n'8  original  noconnt  from  apeoirnens  from 
Grefiilnnil :  Boily  slmrt,  tliick,  total  Ieii;rtl>  7i  to  "S  mm. ;  liesid  4}  m  total  leopth  (inclnd- 
iuK  •uiidal  liu) :  wiiitli  of  ixwly  (iit  l(i««f  of  Tn-<'lor«l!*)  a  little  more  than  5  in  total  lenrtli; 
an):l<'H  of  bixly  not  (iistinrtly  ni'irati-d:  iiiterorliital  sjiacr  nnd  hack  concave;  naaal  ninoea 
2;  diaiui-tcroi"  orbit  3  in  head,  nearly  vwirc  tli«  widtli  of  interorbital  space  or  length  of 
nnont;  plntos  in  dorRiil  sericH  3."i  to37;  iu  front  of  dorsal  tin  U  to  17;  superior  lateral  series 
39;  inferior  lateral  37;  vcntrolnt*Mal  36;  in  front  of  anal  13  or  13.  First  dornal  tin  absent; 
teeth  present  on  vomer  and  (lalatines ;  onlv  8  lonjritiidinal  series  of  jdates,  the  lateral  line 
on  the  «ii]>orior  lalernl  series;  the  ventrolateral  xeries  not  forming  th.  inferior  angles  of 
tlio  lioily.  I>iit  conlined  to  the  ventral  Hurf;\eo  and  meeting  in  a  single  plate  between  ven- 
trals and  vent. 

Theiibove  diagnosis,  madeiu  187.')  from  the  (rreenland  specimens  taken  from  the  stomachs 
of  Hoonders,  was  not  sircompanied  by  a  detailed  description.  The  description  waa  made 
ten  years  later  from  siiueiniens  taken  in  the  Kara  Sea.  The  flgiires  of  the  individuals 
from  Kara  Sea  differ  fi-oin  tlio  figures  of  s]iociineiiH  fn)m  (iroenl.ind  in  several  respects. 
On  the  former  the  anterior  part  of  the  back  Just  behind  the  nape  is  more  elevatefl:  the 
r<mtral  spin<-s  are  dlrectiil  ninch  more  baeknanl  and  seem  much  less  prominent;  and  there 
is  1  less  median  plrit^i  on  breast  (this  last  ditl'eri^nce  an  individual  one  in  oUier  specie*). 
The  gill  membranes  are  probably  free,  at  least  behind. 


Jordan  OTtd  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2001 


bwly;  vcntrals  an  long  as  heJid  withont.  jxisrorbittiJ  part;  v(>iit  nearer 
tips  thau  li:i!<e»)  iif  VfiitruLH;  lifgiuiiitig  of  dorsal  Tmurly  luidwuy  iif  total 
length;  aual  midt'r  ilor^il  liut  »  littlo  Bbnrtur;  leiijrth  «f  caiulul  r>4  or  8 
in  li'Dgth  of  liuily ;  seccMid  (lars;il  ray  lonjjeHt,  nijital  to  pciKturUitat  part 
of  bead;  loiig).'at  aoal  ray  Ittsa  than  ^  nf  liisid.  Latunil  liu<' 40.  l^lutf.s  on 
brcutit  jilioiit  14.  Color  dusky  abovcs  wbitisJi  below;  a  durk  strijio  ou 
Huuiit,  contiuu<-d  ou  opiTclti);  a  i'uw  tudiHtin^^t  dark  blot«lieH  uu  uidt}  uf 
bead;  axillary  region  dusky;  pcctonil  with  3  or  4-  itnperf'ect  criiss  bars; 
bwly  with  3  iudistim-t  diawky  croK«  barn,  the  middle  ono  tjxtcnulinj;  on 
middle  ol'  dorsal  liu;  tail  with  2  dusky  bars,  1  nuttriorly,  the  othirternii- 
Dul,  with  u  dirty  yLdlowlsb  nrna  betwot-n  thetit;  voutrals  iiud  aual  pale. 
Prtdiably  a  youiin  individual.  Loiigt-st  known  iudividnal,  wliiili  Kurveil 
a«  the  tyjH",  waaTOiiim,  (about  2J  itnb<-ii),  (Ili-an.)  CoaKts  of  northern 
Alaaha.  (Named  fur  Dr.  Alburt  Gtluthtir,  keeper  uf  the  British  Muscam  of 
Natural  History.) 

Atpidophorouirt  ffUDtiieri,'  IIeaN,  Pnxi.  U.S.  Nat.  Mns.  1885,74,  northern  Alaska  (Type, 
Nu.  37032.    CoU.  Lieat.  G.il.  Ston^y) ;  .Tobdan,  Cat.  Fialio*  X.  A.,  113, 1885. 

1481.  A8PI»OPIiOBUIDKN  MU.NOPTEBTGIl'S  t  (Bloob) 


(Ska.  Foachbh.) 

Br.  8;  D.S  or  6;  A.  5  or  6;  P.9;  V.3  (I,  2);  V.  W  or  11;  Pyloric  creoa 
4  or  5  (.2  iDdividiiais).  Width  of  body  at  baao  of  jiettorala  8  in  length; 
dornal  face  concave  Iroiu  occipiit  to  dorsal ;  ventrolateral  ridgvs  fairly 
prominent,  Init  these  series  lie  entirely  ou  vi-iitral  aide  of  body  anteriorly 
and  I'onvergf  to  a  sinslo  plate  between  vcntrals  and  VPiit.  The  rid),;o 
of  tho  itili-'rior  lateral  si-riea,  instoad  of  disappearing'  anteriorly,  ig  lowrr 
down  than  usnal,  becomes  ])roniineut  anteriorly  and  runs  to  lower  end 
of  base  of  pectorals,  thus  forming  the  iufi-rior  angle  of  body,  which  is 
markedly  4-liitdra]  in  front.  Plates  in  dursal  aeries  Hi  to  ii<;  betAvren 
ventrals  and  anal  Ui  or  17  pairs;  botween  last  ray  of  dorsal  aud  first  me- 
dian plate  1  to  3  jiairs;  2  or  3  pairH  between  Isiat  anal  ray  ami  tirst  median 
])late.  A  small  pl:it«  between  \  eiitrals,  a  larger  one  between  vcntrals  aud 
vent;  a  variable  mnnbtrr  (3  to  8)  of  hiikiU  plates  behind  and  besidi'  vent; 
plritfs  of  breast  radinJIy  striate,  the  two  median  ouea  l:irgertli;in  the  rest; 
a  low  small  (datcH  on  hiuder  niviliau  ]iart  uf  gill  meuibraues.  and  on  narrow 
under  sidit  of  uiatidible;  2  )ur;j;e  plates  with  raised  centers  in  front  of  and 


*  Tbi»  ipeoiM  agrees  witli  tbo  iniMisiir«ini.*uta  of  X.  oMki.  LQtkpo,  nnd  with  the  colora- 
tion a* far oa St  1* piianlhte  to j tiH^'P ;  it. ililft>r« rrom  A .  vlriH iiniv In  tliesn m-orded rhanwlrrii : 
Tbo  naaai  Apiuen  are  verv  Muiall,  Llio  lou^oMt  itiiiil  ray  lt«  nlitirtrr  tliAD  in  tho  llgurvA  of 
A.  olriici,  and  tlio  pectoral  ray*  numher  V2.  whili-  tlipy  ran^'o  fmiii  V.l  to  l.'i  in  A.  olnki. 
Bnt  In  notif  iiflhesfi  r»rit[ii>i-ls  <\mn  it  tiillpr  inorr  Irum  1.^(11  kiiin  ilearrii'ti<iiir>  and  Hcurc"  of 
.^.olritri  fruMi  Ori-t'DlaBU  auil  Iruai  KurnKpii,  iit  mmio  rcg[ii'ot«  ai>|mrfEllj'  l8»!<.  than  Ihrso 
ililTiT  from  fiicli  ullmr.  Kinli  nf  the  liiunliliea  in  ulioiit  ^  of  tin-  Dtirtii'a  ciiTumfiTenco  fi'imi 
(hi*i>lltor,  tind  .1.  jTtiniJteri  niHy  ho  (>alv  ii  'I'HriwIy  uf  tdrxki,  which  wmihl  ttirn  Im-  n  nrnini. 
pnlar  «|«M-.ioi*:  if  tliiei  y\ew  sh<»iili1  ujthiintcly  nrovh  tint^-imMe.  l.iUken'H  Kurn  S*-a  ii|>u«-.t- 
in«na  will  have  nearly  ait  pniMl  aeliilm  lefperiilr  distinct iim  »i  the  typocif /I.  (?«n(A«T»li«s. 

t  Drngnmi*:  Hinly  vt-rv  ulsniler.  «k'pr<'Hiiwl  In  from,  noarly  4  lioilrul  anteriorly  i  di-iPlh  ) 
of  width,  Itn^  latter  H  ill  liuiith ;  eniidal  ncdiimlv  very  louK.'ftliedrHl  siihtcrot*  ;  liead  loiijr, 
taiM'riiTir  l'iirwnr«l,  5^  toO  in  U'nKtIi  uf  Imily  ;  pljilc*  in  diirwil  (M'rir.t  iil)<int*8 ;  l»'<  Wf«>n  oool- 
put  nnd  d»r«iil  till  I!)  <<■ 'Jl :  fnipii  vptilniU  lo  riniil  IB  or  17  imiT!! ;  tli-'t  diiniHl  iibsrnt:  bur- 
iieln  none:  gill  meinUnintvt  trci-i  nicdiiiii  mHlral  )d.ile  «umll,  onurnied.  NuHal  r<|>lncn  very 
alTiiuu,  divergtugf  uauUicr  H^jiua  uu  Lead  ur  budy,  Colur.  bru>s'ulalj,  obacuiuly  boudea 
with  dark. 


2092         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


4  to  8  small  spinelonK  iilntee  in  1  or  2  serioH  on  biise  of  pectoral.     Head  long, 
tiipering,  r»|  to  6  in  length  of  body;  orbits  very  large,  nearly  cirenlar,  the 
longitudinal  diameter  longer  than  snont,  %\  in  head ;  interorbital  space 
wide,  loss  tbiin  orbit,  deeply  concave ;  supraocular  ridges  high,  bulging; 
occipital  ridges  evident ;  temponil  ridges  low,  terminating  in  an  npwardly 
direcU'd  blunt  elovation;  suborbital  ridge  close  under  orbit,  lo'w,  spine- 
less, 2  or  3  plates  below  it  on  the  nearly  vertical  chc>ek;  median  rostral 
plate  small,  inimovnble  or  Hligbtly  movable,  spineless,  overhanging  pre- 
maxillary ;  mouth  small,  t<Tmiual,  lower  jaw  a  little  inckided;  maxillary 
reaching  front  of  orbit,  almost  entirely  covered  by  preorbititl.     Dorsal  and 
anal  fin  small,  tlii<  latter  under  the  former;  caudal  3  times  as  long  oa  wide 
at  base;  pectorals  6  or  less  in  body,  their  base  about  5  in  their  length; 
vontrnls  of  female  J  those  of  male,  tlte  latt^T  ?  of  pectorals.     Lateral  line 
50.    Color  brownish,  pale  below,  with  indefinite  cross  bands  of  darker,  2 
in  front  of,  and  1  under  ilorsal,  and  2  or  3  on  caudal  peduncle ;  rays  of 
dorsal  and  upper  rays  of  ]>ectoral  brownish,  interrupted  by  lighter,  giving 
an  indefinite  croHs-bande<l  appearance;    caudal  dark,  ventri^   in  both 
sexes  and  anal  ]mle.    Total  length  6  inches.    Greenland  to  Cape  Cod; 
eommou  in  rather  deep  water.     This  description  based  on  specimens  from 
MaHsachusctts  Hay.     {n6vo%,  single,  iCTtiivyior,  fin.) 

CattmmonojdtTygiu;  Bux;h,  IchthyoloKia.  ii,  156,  pi.  178,  flga.  1, 2, 17H6,  Tranquebar;  an 

error. 
VoUm*  indieut,  ItONMATKBBB,  Tableau  Encyol.  Meth.,  68,  pi.  87,  flg.  367,  1788,  India;  after 

IJloth. 
AtjndoiihoriMet  Iranqutbar,  IiACtA't.UK,  Hiat.  Kat.  Poian.,  ni,  228,1802  Tranquebar;  after 

Blucr. 
Atpidophoroidfi  grnmlandieus,  VALKNmwsKS,  in  CuriBB,  Kdgne  Anim.,  Ed.  n.  Vol.  3,  pL 

21,  llg.  3, 1829,  Greenland. 
A>i>idnphoroidrt  monopttryiriut,  (X'VIKb   &•   Vai,emcieniib8,  Iliat.  Nat.  Foiss.,  Vi,  861, 

pi.  lOit.  18-10;  STOitKK,  Fishes  of  Mnxs.,   22,  pi.  1.    flg.  1,    1867;  Dk  Kay.  New  York 

.Fauiiii:  Fi»lieH,62.  pi.  :t,  fl«.  5, 1842;  GL'NxnRR,  Cat..  II,   216.  1800;   JoBDAN  &  Gilskbt, 

SjiiopBi.t,  724, 188n. 
Cantliirh>/neu»  mmiopterjigiut,  SwaiK8"N,  Nat.  Ulst.  of  Fl.shw,  etc.,  11,272,1839. 

84aS.  ASPinOPHOROIDES  BARTOM,  (iillicrt 

Very  dose  to  AxpidophoroidcK  monoplerygius.  From  this  species  it  diflers 
in  tlie  iniich  lower  ridgen  on  body,  which  are  slightly  rounded  rather  than 
sharply  carinato,  iiiul  leave  the  intervening  fiieos  shallowly  coneave, 
instead  of  deeply  ho.  The  plates  of  the  lower  lateral  ridge  do  not  in  the 
young  bear  backwardly  directed  spinous  ]ioints  im  they  do  in  A.  monop- 
leriiyiuM.  The  keel  in  front  of  the  ventral  fin,  proniincnt  iu  A.  monoptvryg^ua, 
m  here  nearly  or  (jiiito  obsolete.  The  same  is  true  of  the  keel  below  the 
eye,  and  the  o<-<-ipital  ridgi-.  The  plates  in  front  of  the  pectorals  also 
protrude  less,  and  in  general  the  angles  and  proiiiinenees  are  less  marked. 
The  space  lietween  the  dorsal  ridges  is  less,  it«  greatest  width  being  \ 
length  of  head  behind  iiiiddlo  of  eye  iu  adults,  and  behind  posterior 
margin  of  eye  in  young.  In  .(.  monopliryghiK  the  same  width  equals  } 
heail  behind  front  of  eye  in  adults,  behind  middle  of  eye  in  young.  These 
scarcely  admit  of  quantitative  statomcntii,  but  are  sufficiently  evident 
on  comparing  specimens  from  the  Atlantic  and  the  Pacific.    Vertebne 


Jordan  and  ftvermaun 


114-  39^50.  General  proprntinnfl,  tin  raya  nnrl  color  are  llioBnnio  tik  the  2 
spocieH.  Aleutian  Ishinda;  tiiken  vury  uliiia<i.'iut!.v  botli  iinrth  ainl  south 
of  the  Alf.ntiaii  iHlamla  anil  in  Bristol  U.iy.  .it  (lu]itht)of  IT  tu  121  fathoinn. 
(Gilhert.)  Also  I'ound  .tboiit  the  Pribilot'  lolanda.  (Named  tor  Mr,  Uar- 
tou  A.  Bean.) 

AtpiA<-phuro\<lf*  bartani,  GtUKBT,  Rept.  TT.  S.  Fish.  Conim.  1803   (189d),  434,  Aleutian 
Islands;  Bristol  Bay,  Alaslca.     \C\A\.  AUtatrott.) 

Subgenus  ANOPLAQONUS,  Gill. 

S43!l.  ASPmaPHORiMUfiS  IMIKMIS-  GUnthor. 

It.  fi;  1  n.  ■'»l>9ont;  li  I).  5orfi;  A.  4  urr>;  V.  1(1;  V.  Hfl,  2);  f.  11;  vfrt*.- 
Ijric  11+32  =  43,  I'j-lorir  cicca  I  (1  iiulividnal).  Only  8  longitudinal 
rows  of  p[a.lea,  tUo  lateral  lino  in  thu  nppiT  latrral  row.  No  spines  any- 
where on  liody;  ao  riilji;08  un  the  enpt'rior  and  inferior  litteiul  liuries; 
plat<>8  of  the  (lorso-  iiiul  veiitroliil«raI  Hcries  bent  upon  theinMctves  »t 
right  angles,  forming  thr>  4  pnmiiniMit  angles  of  the  bc«Jy ;  tl«>  veiitnv 
Iffltenil  sorics  do  not  thereforr  lie  entirely  on  nndprsitlii  i>f  boily,  as  in  A. 
moHojilerytjiun,  nur  do  they  cuiiviTgi*  betwi^en  ventialg  and  vent,  lint  pass 
forward  to  lower  find  of  baso  of  pertoralH;  tUre*'  pjiirs  of  plntns  between 
lout  dorsal  ray  and  fir.-it  median  pint"',  :in<i  2  tu  i  p;iir»  lietwctjn  List  anal 
ray  and  lirst  median  plnt«;  :i  uicdinn  dorsal  Rerioa  of  hcsagonal  plntos 
iiliniit  ax  large  at  tbimo  of  tUu  lateral  series,  on  widest  part  of  back, 
from  occiput  to  about  luilfway  to  dorsal ;  these  plates  alternating,  but 
not  mgularly,  with  still  .tmaller  ones;  un  iiirouHtaut  nniiiber  of  small 
platen  hcdiind  and  aronnd  vent;  2  or  3  pairs  liotween  veotrals  and  vent, 
and  a  Binj;li>  small  one  between  the  bases  of  ventrals.  <>ill  membrane 
medially  on  its  pusturior  part  and  latiTally  on  its  aiit(.>rior  part  and  narrow 
under  mirfaco  nf  uinndibie  between  the  rami  strongly  plated;  two  or  3 
large  plates  in  front  of  and  7  to  10  small  ones  in  2  KL>rles  on  base  of  pec- 
toral. Head  depressed,  its  depth  |  of  its  grcatoHt  width;  orbit  small, 
eircnlar,  Ichm  than  snout,  H  in  head;  interorbital  space  narrow,  t?  of 
orbit,  moderately  con<^aTe;  Kiipraocular,  oecipital,  tonipural,  and  siiborlii- 
tiil  ridges  very  low;  i  or  5  plates  on  lower  part  ofelu-eji;  median  rostral 
]date  small,  vertical,  umvabto,  nnarmed;  mouth  small,  the  lower  Jaw 
eligbtly  projeeting,  maxillary  scareely  reiicbing  front  of  orbit,  •■iitiiely 
t'overed  by  preorbital ;  teeth  in  bands  ou  jawa,  vomer.  jiimI  jialatine.s.  Dor- 
sal and  anal  tins  sruall,  the  latter  tinder  the  former,  witli  usually  r>  rays; 
candat  rounded,  it.*  width  at  base  21  in  its  length;  poct^initH  7  in  length 
of  body,  their  base  2}  to  3  in  their  length,  nearly  truncate,  with  10  rays, 
the  3  lowermost  a  little  exserted.  Venrralrt  of  I'cmale  nearly  twice  as  long 
as  orliit,  *  to  }  as  long  n«  those  of  male,  the  latti-r  le.-sa  than  2  in  pectorals. 
Lateral  line  41.    Color  tlark  (nearly  black)  grayish  or  brownish  and  lighter 


*  I>Ia(fiiiMii« :  B<«ly  slsmlcr,  mni-h  jBintwmod  nutorlorly,  «-h"lnd.  llio  di'nwil  fitpf  con- 
cave, the  vent  ni]  riat.  the  lAterat  cmivHx;  enudal  }ie«hinrio0.he<irnl.  Hiil>Ii*rvti?;  ttvplli  cif 
\kh\j  f  in  wiittli,  tbi'  liiltcr  H  in  lougth  :  henil  Innt;,  lit|ifriu)(.  !>i  tu  li'ni;th  <>r  Inidy :  {ilnlfa 
iniiflraal  (i>>ni-n4'.!;  frtim  nnipiit  tuifonjil  lUlo  21 .  from  vi?nCral><  (n  nniil  I7|>alr4:  ammUan 
tlorHal  row  iil'  Aniiill  plnti's  I'ruai  oci  ifxil  to  ii|iiKi»t«^  li))  nf  iii-ctdniLii  Hrnl  <liir»nl  ubmuit; 
bnrlielti  noiK*;  Kill  iiii^iMhraaoa  nflrn'wly  joinwl  («» i.-jthHitM  wii ti  iiiixli'rate  frei-  fiiiit  ItflitbJ: 
ntdlifin  rnfltrnlplntv  HTiiiill.  unsrniiMl;  na^al  uiiil  all  i*tlit'r  H|ilDrH  fib^t-Dl  (Vniii  liciiil.  i.'ultir 
)>nimiiHh  lilutlc.  wttli  oeAernl  altomiiliug  crasa  barn  of  darker  ^itl  iigbl«r.  i'ecUinilA 
with  black  patch  ut  basoned  1  uuar  ti{i. 


4 


2094  Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


gray,  dusky  l>elow ;  n  black  band  from  month  across  orbit  to  pectoral  and 
nIontjRide  of  body,  much  iutermptod;  dark  markings  deepest  on  sides 
of  body ;  a  dark  cross  bnud  halfway  between  occiput  aud  dorsal,  1  in  front 
of  dorsal,  1  under  posterior  half  of  dorsal  (rnnninf;  up  on  latter),  and  about 
2  on  caudal  pe<luncle;  posterior  half  of  dorsal  dark,  marbled;  a  marbled 
patch  at  base  of  pectorals,  another  on  their  distal  third;  Tentrals  pale  in 
both  sexes;  anal  with  dark  patchi's  on  or  behind  the  rays,  darker  posteri- 
orly; caudal  black  at  its  hose  and  on  its  distal  half,  the  2  patches  con- 
necte<l  by  a  black  band  along  middle  of  fin,  leaving  2  light  patches  on  the 
dorsal  and  ventral  thirds  of  the  proximal  half  of  the  fin;  the  bands  of 
color  very  much  as  in  A.  monopterygius,  but  better  defined.     Length  4 
inches.    Coast  of  Alaska,  south  to  Vancouver  Island;   not  abundant ; 
recorde<l  from  ^'ancouve^  Island  (Giinther) ;  eastern  Aleutian  Islands.  34 
to  59  fathoms,  and  lirlstol  Bay.    (Gilbert.)    Here  described  f^om  speci- 
mens from  the  Aleutian  Islands  and  Bristol  Bay.    (inermit,  iinarmed.) 

Stpidophoroidei  inermin.  GC.nther.  Cat.,  II,  524, 1860,  Vancouver  Island ;  LDtkrk,  Fot«Iob. 
Mfdd.  oiu  Nord.  rikefl«ke;  Vidensk.  Medtlcl.  Xatarhist.  Foren.  Kjob.,  385,  1876;  JoB- 
OAN  &  Gilbert.  Sy nopsiv,  735. 1883 :  Jordan,  Cat.  FisbeR  N.  A.,  113, 1886. 

AAoplagontu  inermU,  Gill,  Froc.  Ac.  Kat.  Soi.  Fhila.,  xiii,  1861, 107. 

Family  CLXXXII.  CYCLOPTERID.S.* 

(TiiK  Lump  Suckers.) 

Body  short  and  thick,  more  or  less  elevated,  covered  with  a  thick  akin, 
which  is  smooth,  tubercular,  or  spinous;  head  short  and  thick;  suborbital 


*  Dr.  (fill  thnsdeflnos  the  8vii><<rfamily  Cyclopteroidea,  including  the  Oydirateridce  and  the 
Liparididir,  th<'  group  being  cquivnituit  to  that  railed  by  other  writers  ■'DUcoboU"  : 

"AcanthoptergianH  with  the  third  infr.inrbital  bDne  developed  a«  a  8tay  ohliquelv  croaa- 
Ing  tlie  cheek  and  eoiinei^ting  with  tlie  preo))erouluin,  tlio  niyodiiine  suppressed,  the  post 
temporal  hifureato  and  noriniilly  connected  with  the  eriininni,  the  actiuosts  enlarged  and 
mostly  eouueeted  Avitli  the  inner  ridfteof  the  proMeai>iila,  the  hvj>ercora<;oid  being  dia- 
lo<lged  upward  aud  the  liypereonTCoiil  downward  on  a  row  with  tne  4  actinosts;  ribs  ses- 


sile on  the  vertebral  ei'utra  or  ha'niapoply«eH;  pliaryugials  redne«d  to  the  large 
epipharvngeal  (houudogous  with  the  third  ot'^typie.il  Aeautho|)tergianH),  nnd  ventrala 
niodiUed  t4)  form  a  suitoriiU  disk  supported  by  6  imuu>vablo  rays  on  each  side  converted 


into  OMseous  tissue  an<l  without  Hrtieiilatiou's:  tyjiieally  snppresse<t.  They  appear  to 
have  the  branchial  ajiparatus  conatrui  lid  on  tin:  same'plaii  as  in  the  Cotioidea;  2  «r  3 
basibraucbials  ossilied:  liypobran('hialg  of  :!  |>airs  in  lino  with  the  corrosponging  cerato- 
braiichiuls  of  fourth  arch  Nui>pres.sed ;  ceratobranchialsof  all  and  epibranchials  (of  all  or 
3)  arches  wi-U  developed;  nharyugobraiuliials  reduced  to  1  pair  of  compresse<l  epipharvn- 
eeals:  hypopbaryngeals  divergent  and  rather  eoinjiressed.  There  are  BJ  gills,  that  is 
double  brancbia'.  on  all  the  arches  exrept  the  fourth,  which  has  a  single  row  uf  fllanicnta. 
There  is  no  Assure  behind  the  fourth  arch.  "    ((Sill.) 

Mr.  Ganiian  (Monograph  of  the  Disroboli,  18!)'.;,  19)  has  the  following  remarks  on  the 
CyrUiitteridm: 

"Anteriorlv  the  form  of  the  lump  fishes  is  stout,  thick,  and  deep;  behind  the  body 
cavity,  whicb  occupies  this  greatiT  portion  of  the  length,  it  rather  abruptly  becumes 
weak  and  slender.  The  head  is  short  and  broad,  siilii|iuulrangular  in  transsectioD ;  the 
snout  is  sliort  and  blunt:  the  mouth  is  of  nuiilerate  width,  anterior,  and  opens  slighUy 
upward;  the  tei-lh  iire  small,  snbconieal.  ami  arranged  in  a  baud  or  cord;  the  eyes  are  of 
medium  sl/.e  and  have  a  lateral  outlook.  All  of  tlio  lueuibers  of  the  family  have  pseudo- 
hiancliia'.  :tj  gills,  t!  branchioslegal  rays,  small  gill  openings,  numerous  jiyloric  caca, 
and  an  elongate  intestine.  In  llieir  b)wer  portions  the  broad,  rounded  pectorals  extend 
foiward  under  the  throat,  along  the  .sides  of  the  disk.  The  vertical  ting  are  not  of  largo 
extent:  the  caudal  ;iuii  the  2  dorsals  are  unite  separate.  Tlie  disk  is  comparalively  large. 
Knrly  in  life  the  skin  is  tender  and  naked:  hiter  it  grows  tiingh  and  is  covered  with 
roui:bened  or  spine  bearing  osseous  tubercles.  t>iMnicarlilai;inoii8  descrilK-s  the  skeleton 
witn  tolerable  accuracy .  the  small  amount  of  Imny  matter  lies  in  thin  plates,  often  fotmi- 
ing  cells  and  chambers  siiuilur  to  tliosu  to  bo  noticed  in  the  bunos  of  Lophiru.    The  tbini 


Jordan  and  Evermami. — Fishes  of  North  Anurica.      2095 


stay  present,  tlihi  and  flattisb;  mouth  Hniall,  terniiii:i];  jawawitti  Imiiila 
of  Blender,  Bimidc*  teeth;  no  tri'tli  on  vuuier  or  paliitlm^s;  gill  ojK'niuys 
niirrow,  r«'»trii-ted  tn  t!n'  nidi's,  the  meniliraui^H  briiij^  liruadly  joioimI  to  the 
ifltbtniis)  anil  (ihotildi'i' •{ir(1]i>;  lirauvIiiotttegalH  A;  gillaSJ;  ]>sei)<I(>br:ineliiw 
[iroai-nt;  dorsal  lias  2,  tlio  :iiiti<rior  part  of  Bexihlo  «piiu'«,  ivhicli,  in  tlii'. 
ailiilt,  ivrti  HttiiietiriieH  hiddi-n  by  a  Ucsby  biinjp,  in  1  Bitlifuiiiily  i-utirvly 
wanlin;;;  Hoft  ilumal  iiAiially  opposite  thi-  iioiil  iiud  Himiliir  to  it;  caiidiil 
Bu  roiindfd,  Iri'it  from  Ibf  dorsal  and  uual ;  vi'atral.t  thorueio,  riidiuii-utaiy, 
formiui^  tbe  lii>ny  ceuU-r  uf  a  siickiu;;  disk;  pei'tornlH  sliort,  jdaot-d  low, 
their  basca  broud  and  procurn-ntj  pylorii.'  cii-ca  iiuiD<!roii8 ;  iuteatiae  elon- 
gjtte;  vortubrio  12  +  16,  tUe  Bkidcton  feeldy  ognifipd.  GenoniT;  spociesM; 
iiibabiting  tbe  nnrtbeni  seas  of  both  licmispbiTL-*.  By  luciins  of  tbe  ad- 
besivii  vniitral  disk  tbeso  lishes  ari>  enabled  to  attach  tlieiiitjolvoa  Vrry 
(irmly  to  rocks  or  other  objorts.  Tbey  fv<-d  ou  cruBtiicoa,  worms,  small 
fisb^'B,  and  plaiitH.  Tb«i  young  of  ('^(.-(op/trua  bear  a  close  resemblance  to 
Liparh,  iiri  evidence  of  thi^coinuiou  otigiu  of  tlie  2  groups,  wbich  in  boriii* 
out  by  the  anatoiu) .  {BUooMi;  group  Cii*iloptcriHa,  GVMUEU,  Cat.,  ill, 
IW  to  158.) 

CYCLUPntBMJS: 

I.  S]Muau^  (UfTAal  preaent,  ROtncttmea  rnnrealeil  in  adolt. 
a.  ItarbeJH  Dune;  ilink  iiut«rl»r,  beluvr  the  hcitil. 
b.  Skiu  anD«4i  wltli  largo  tuburclu. 

0.  Larger  tubercles  uu  body  Lb  row*  well  aepnratod ;  ipinoai  doruil  fln  obaolote 

with  age.  CYcrAjpTKBrs.  778. 

ee.  Larger  tnbvrolea  not  In  TOW»,  orowdtKl  closely  toicethcr:  npinona  <3«iraal  Qu 

anually  not  dlHnppearitig  wltb  agf.  Kumicuotiuuivs,  778. 

fct).  Skin  Dakeil  or  wltb  «<;uttvnsi),  kleudur  spines;  no  latenil  Uup. 

LKTSoTRmrH,  780. 

da.  liarb«la  [rreitetit  about  tlie  moutb;  diak  below  the  abdomen:  tiiborilrs  on  mili^it 

mliiatv.  CYCLOiTKuaiOES,  781. 

LlPAROPHlfijE:  • 

U.  SpiiiODfi  dorsal  wholly  wanting. 

(.  iJorsal  short,  uppoelM  anal,  of  B  or  10  rayst  tUn  wholly  smooth,  without  bony 
tuberfles.  Cvc'LOITeRlCHTHTS,  782. 

M.  Dorsal  long,  beglmilnf;  near  middle  of  back ;  skin  with  bony  tobercles. 

LlPASOra,  783. 

idborbitaJ  is  thin  sad  broadens  as  it  oiteuil!!  back  tn  th«  prwipcrele.  Tin-  luteroperi'li-  is 
iniirt«  b1ade.Hkc<  than  In  tb«  Liparididcp.  On  1  >tt^niis  l^w  iK^n^s  around  itie  luoulb  am 
tnbiilnr  itnd  form  barlwls.  In  thlH  liii|iiirliiiit  iii<)>tir  urt^  vuluublo  noted  on  tbo  oatoology 
and  ouiliryolnjty  of  the  f'yHoptttidm  and   l,ipanJiJit. 

'  Xlie  Lipiir<j]mnir.  re^anl»t  as  a  aciiarnte  faniily  il.iparoptidai  la  tliua  deHuud  by 
Mr.  UHi'Uinii : 

"  The  dBt»'rioratlon  uf  thi-  tirstor  spinous  dorsal  auen  in  the  LnmpB»h,  baa  apparantly 
{»rocoe«1(5d  ftn  I'Hr  In  Ihe  Lit'arojtfifUe  hh  to  causo  the  disnpji'L^uriini'o  of  that  tin.  Much  uf 
tbe2geii(<ru  lit  tliu  ramily  hiiH  bulUHln^Ie  dursitl,  tlii'.  piMr«nor.  In  out)  k^imim  the  lib  is 
short  and  situnud  ii>-ur'tl)c  cnudat,  in  thu  otlu-r  llio  tin  be^^ina  near  the  middle  of  tbe 
iMick  and  extends  nenrly  tu  tbe  origin  uf  llie  ciitulul.  Tliu  gvDerii  uru  further  distln- 
gaistiod  by  dursal  tiilMTetes  in  nnocuso,  and  bv  a  nakeil  skin  In  tlio  other.  Tbe  sliapv  is 
ftoiiti^wlijit  like  titnt  of  thi*  Di^Hlirns.  bulky,  tluck.  briuiel,  uoil  loogrr  forward,  in  lUv  hvc- 
lion  eoiitaiDiiijt  tbo  viscerul  ciivilv.  Mud  nhort  and  Bfeatly  rsdiiccd  in  »i«ie  Iwliiud  It.  Tlio 
head  Ih  aliort,  bruad,  aiid  tlilrk.  tfio  snont  abort  and  biui'il,  lb>-  ninntb  torniinnl.  Ih(v  tri'lb 
subaroniciil,  the  eyua  liitivrul,  th<y  bruncbi(i»trj(iil  rays  0  in  niiiiibt'r.  the  uill  npeniugs 
narrow,  the  gills  ,1|,  tbn  pB<*iidobraurhije  HtnaH,  all,  witii  dJKk.  f)«ctoralB,  amrcuudul,  as  In 
tho  CydoptrruliB.  Uiilif  roiciitly  this  fuiiiil.v  has  been  knflwn  only  from  tbo  North 
PaclHe.  A  hburl  tlmo  a;;oasoc:nnd  sp^^rics  of  (^yrlnpUrivlithyt  wroH  niDned  by  Vuilljint 
fruni  •  skrteh  ol  n  llah  taken  lu  the  StrailH  of  Majcellau,  whieh  would  extend  the  diatrt- 
butlon  to  the  Antwclio  nsgious."    (Uparopndm,  GarmalL,  DiMOtwU,  iO,  1882,) 


2096         BuUfHn  47,  United  StaUs  National  Musrum. 

778.  CYCLOPTERUS  (Artedi)  Linnaeus. 
(LrMmsiiF.a.) 

LumpuM,  QatirsB,  Hut.  Anim.,  iv,  1384,  1584  (aonblnamUl). 
(\elupUra*,  Abteui,  G«u«rn  Piau.,  62, 1738  (oonbiuomial). 
OyelopUruM.  hOlltXVS.  Syitt.  Nat.,  E«l.  ZI.ZRO,  1788  (Iumj>i4«). 
Lumpm.  McMljBTtti«,  in  Cuvier,  AnIro.KUisd.,  1881  (rttlj/arU^. 

Body  nioro  or  leae  compres»8e<l  toward  the  back,  somewhat  triangnJiix  id 
»  trimsverso  gui-tiou  nt  tbi?  first  dorsal,  lovered  with  conical,  rough,  liouj 
tuborelcs;  heud  nhort,  tbick,  8ubi|nttdningiiliir  in  a  croas  sectiou ;  Miioat 
blunt,  rounded;  mouth  anterior,  opftuiiig  sliglitly  upward;  te«tb  stniplp. 
amjill,  arr.tugc^d  in  a  liaod;  eye  uiudi<nit«,  lateral;  dorsals  2;  oandal  dith 
tlnut;  disk  inodt'ratply  InrKe,  anterior  below  the  head;  no  barbo Is  about 
the  mouth;  tlret  dorsal  fiu  iu  the  adult  completely  hidden  by  the  skin. 
the  larger  tuborcluH  of  the  lliiuks,  though  in  ro^iiar  srrioH,  ha\-it)g  a  ticxi- 
tered  appearance.  One  8pe<'i«"«,  rcocbinK  a  considerable  sLzev  in  the  north 
Atlantic.     {HVHXoi,  circle;  arepoy,  tin.) 


S4M.  CTCLOPTERrS  LOPUS,  Linnnoa. 

(LmattSBi  Cock  and  Hsk  Padule:  Lew*  Scckkb.) 

Heads  in  onljre  length;  df>ptL2;  11.  VI  *  to  VIII,  11 ;  A. 9 or  10;  ventral 
6;  (»H-t<»rul  20;  fniiduE  12  toll;  bniiit'hiuatcgaia  6;  vertebrn- 1 1  +  IX  ^=  2!». 
Body  riijuwive,  fompri'.ssfd,  !«ulitniiiig^ular  in  trnnnvi-rso  wrtiou  through 
the  uiirldle,  lii-lly  flattened,  the  piirtion  behind  the  alHloniiunl  ofaabilwr 
mucli  ciiiiiprc&sod,  iind  lens  thiin  i  the  l<-n};tb  of  tho  body  proper. 
Head  sb(irt.  aiibi|iia<tniiigiilar  in  trauHverst^  section,  fnrchea4l  liroad, 
fliittciioil;  niipu  hiub;  .■>iicint  nbort,  tiro;i<l.  blmit;  mouth  wide,  anterior, 
opening  \vitU  a  slifrht  upwurd  direction,  C)itcii<ling  buckwar<l  ulnioi^t  to 
aTt'rti(aI  from  the  front  margin  nf  the  oyv.  Eyes  lateral,  near  the  t4>p 
of  the  lieml,  n.n  loiiK  ii»  the  snnnt,  ^  ua  lon^  na  the  hend  and  f  :i»  wide  im 
the  iivterorUital  sjiiiec.  Forehead  broad,  deproMSi^il,  coiivox.  Nostrils 
Buiull,  the  hinder  Biniiller,  near  the  eye»  on  iiiterorbital  spaee,  tlip  anterior 
farther  forward,  halfway  to  the  tiionth,  with  a  short  tube.  Gill  openiiint 
moderately  wide,  its  lower  third  in  front  of  tbe  base  of  the  pectoral.  Kini 
with  rounded  iniirjjins,  rouj^h,  with  siiiali  tubrrele.-*.  First  dorsal  diatinct 
on  very  young  indiviilual.s,  variable  in  sh-ipe,  thiek  and  fleshy,  mth  weak 
rayK  iu  older  ittages;  second  ilnrsal  distinct,  1)roa4l,  roiuideil;  e^ndal 
broad,  Hubtniucate  or  rotindwl  posteriorly;  anal  luodiTate,  opposito  thr 
second  dorsal,  which  it  rca^'uibles  in  nhape;  pectorals  broad,  round<^t, 
friufTcd.  not  iudente<l  at  the  aide;*  of  tho  disk.  Disk  iittUi  loiit;cr  than 
wide,  iiboiit  the  widtli  of  the  heatd,  or  nearly  J  of  the  length  of  th©  l;i  ■ 
Skin  thickly  sown  with  small,  irro^i^ilar  snbeouioiil  tubercles,  the  si- 
whii  li  are  rougl>ened  with  small,  conical  protiibenincea.  On  older  in.Ii- 
\  iiluals,  lar);or,  lougitiidiuiilly  rnmprossed  tnltereles  form  a  vortical  •eri<!« 
from  the  nape  over  the  flrst  dorsal ;  a  series  of  3  others  stands  at  each  side 


'The  fnlliiwiui;  fominU  U  filreo  fur  Driitnh  ><|H>otmoiu:  Dorsal  IV  to  Vfl.  10  or    II 

anul  8  ur  IU:  |iet<U)rul  2U  or  'il ,  vcutral  6;  laudal  10  ur  11. 


Jordan  and  Evermann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     2097 


of  the  spare  between  thr  (lonuilg;  a  row  of  larger  ones  exteiuls  from  the 
siipraorliiriil  le^'lun  aloii{;  the  tluiik  tn  tLii.<  uppor  part  nf  the  liiil;  a  HcrrioH, 
starting  H  littlii  a)>ovi'  flio  juM-turiil,  p;i»s<'s  t"  thu  lowtT  jiortioii  of  th«i 
tail;  mill  u  tliiril  livtenil  series  reiirhen  silong  eiu-li  lineof  tlio  hiwer  Kiirface 
from  the  siilc  i>f  tlio  disk  tn  tho  iiiial.  Th««  flC'Sby  ridjjo  iMivelopinj;  tlio 
lirHt  (luimil  iM  Huliject  tiM'onslilenililo  v^irintiuu;  it  iisuiilly  i-oiitLiiiieH  for- 
ward oil  tlte  nape  mill  befoniea  iiulefinito  ut  tho  (ic-<-iput.  In  alcolml  the 
oolorB  nro  biowniBJi  or  nlivo  to  jjrtiyi»h.  the  tulirrcleH  darker.  In  life  tlio 
tints  vary  fnuii  yellowiBh  nr  greenish  in  the  younj;  to  more  or  loss  brilliant 
red  ill  the  mules,  or  bluish  to  dark  brown  in  female!*;  spotx.  blotcLeN, 
cloudings,  or  other  markings  are  not  infre«]tient.  Th«  yonug  nfteu  Lake 
the  (rtdiir  of  their  HUirouniliuKa. 

Mr.  Dri'iicl  gives  the  following  notcH  on  n  small  example  of  this  species, 
31  jum.  long,  from  Davis  Straits: 

TliB  apinuus  dorsal  in  comparatively  high,  and  is  not  curcloped  in  Uiick  akin  M  in  the 
adulU.  TliK  a1>iti>inii>iil  tidiorclcH  jtro  the  tu<Mt  dov«lo[MHl.  Tlii>  gill  ci]ii>uing  18  ax  lung  aa 
tliii  baa«  of  the  niial  tin.  wliicli  in  an  long  oa  the  iliak.  D.  IT,  10:  A.  10.  Only  1  apeciinen, 
badly  inutilaU«l  by  tbu  {Kukimn  doga,  wan  seen  at  Godbavn.  Tbo  rolor  won  brigbt  olira 
Krexii,  with  thi<  liclty  white.  These  fiah  an  acldom  caught  in  thl*  harbor  after  Uay.  dur- 
ing wblnli  lumiLU  (hpy  are  very  abundant. 

North  Atlantic,  on  rooky  shcnvs  of  both  roasts;  wnnth  to  Cape  Co<l  and 
Frame;  gcniTally  abnudont,  reachinn  a  Ii'iigtli  of  l^')  iiiclii'.s  or  morn,  but 
osn.'slly  ninrh  sinalliT;  they  aro  randy  ns<>d  as  food.  Affording  to  Garman, 
tlii»  Liimpfish  spawns  nfar  short)  iti  March  or  April,  aftt:r  winch  the  fi-niale 
retin?«  to  rfeoji  water,  k-aving  the  male  to  watch  the  ewga,  which  hati'h 
among  Hoowced  and  otdgrass.  <Eii.)  (fumpM*.  from  the  Koglish  laut]),  the 
llsh  having  bean  called  /.unijjim  iiHyiorum  by  Gesner.) 

OyeUipUmt  tumptu,  LlNK.Etr^.  Syot. Nat..  Kd..\l.  1.2i'i0.  VHS,  Baltic  and  North  Sea;  OOn- 
THEB, Cat., Ill,  ISS,  1861 ;  Dbeskl,  Proo.  I'.  S.  Nnt.  Miia.  laSi.'iltO;  ,Thbi>A.v  &  GiLBEBT, 
Kynopaii, 747, 1883;  Gabii.U(,  Dlacoboli,  21.  ifSi,  and  of  aiithom  gcntinUly. 

PyeU^terut  minulvt,  Pai.i.a«,  SplcilnfriA,  Zool..  VII,  12,  ITflO,  Atlantic  Ocean. 

Oyelopterut patottiniit,  Shaw.  Nat.  MiAc.,  ix,  jil.  310, 1707. 

Cyelopterut  pyramidatui,  SHAW,  Gea'l  Zoot.,  v,  3SK),  1804. 

Gnbiin  minuliii,  Mt^LbEH,  Zwd.  Dan,.  iv,38, 1808,  Denmark. 

Oycioplenis  caruUui,  MlTCUILI^  Traaa.  Lit.  juid  Phil.  Soc.  N.  Y.,  I.  1815, 180,  New  York 
Harbor. 

aydoplenm  fomnatuii,  Coucii,  Xnt.  Hist.  ConiTrall,  47, 1823,  Cornwall. 

lAirnimt  mtijnrU.  MoMi'RTRiK.  in  CuviKR,  Ajilm.  KlngdinD.  1831 ;  after  lAinfXOm. 

Iitunpiu  aitglorum,  Ub  Kay,  H.  Y.  Fauna:  Fiahoa,  fv,  305, 1848;  after  laxNACs. 


779.  EUMICROTREMUS,  GiU. 
Bvmierotrtmui,  Onx,  Proc.  Ac.  Kat.  8cL  Phila.  18M,  100  (ipimmu). 

Body  and  head  ern-fj-ed  willi  spines  and  tiiliercles,  not  arranged  in  regn- 
liir  rows;  lirst  dur.Hal  not  bidden  so  early  in  life  an  in  Ci/claptiruB.  Kyua 
and  disk  larger  th;vu  in  Cgfloptcrus,  thci  gill  openings  rather  smaller. 
Dorsal  rays  Vi  or  Vll,  10  or  11  Size  small.  Northern  seas,  (ev,  very; 
fJiHpds,  small;  rpt'fua,  api'rtnro.) 


a.  B<Hly  rathnr  vl<in|[atn,  thu  d«|jl  h  ^\  hi  length :  tnlterrloa  lai'ge. 
mi.  IhKly  sLurt  utid  dvej),  Ibi'  doiitli  ^  lou^th;  tubrrck-a  aiuollor. 


gptNoerB,2435. 

OBBIB,  243S. 


2098         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 

84tfi.  GimCROTBEaCS  SPIN08IIK  (MtUIer). 

Head  2J;  depth  1}.    D.  VI,  11;  A.  10;  P.  21;  branchiostegalii  6.     Body 
ex<-e«diugly  robust,  abruptly  couipresseil  posteriorly ;  the  lea^tb  o(  the 
hea<l  less  than  its  height;  crown  courex,  orbit  large,  less  than  \  of  the 
length  of  the  head.     Mouth  moderate,  reaching  a  vertical  from  thefoward 
margin  of  the  orbit.    Teeth  small,  simple,  subconical,  in  a  narrow  band. 
On  yonnger  examples  the  anterior  dorsal  is  quite  distinct,  and  does  not  form 
a  continuous  arch  -with  the  outline  of  the  back  in  front  of  it,  as  in  the  Lamp, 
but  aged  specimens  approach  the  latter  more  nearly  in  these  resi^ects. 
Between  the  2  dorsals  the  space  is  less  than  base  of  first.    Caudal  sabtmii- 
cate  on  its  posterior  margin,  the  angles  rounded  ofi*;  all  the  fins  with 
rounded  margiuH.     Each  of  the  conical  tubercles  with  which  the  skin  is 
covered  is  rough,  with  small  projections  on  its  sides  and  base;  some  of  the 
tubercles  in  diameter  of  base  meiisuring  nearly  or  quite  as  much  as  width 
of  orbit;  the  largest  appearing  in  a  group  of  8  or  9  on  the  middle  of  the 
flank,  and  in  several  series  from  the  crown  to  the  base  of  the  second  dorsal ; 
one  of  the  large  ones  standing  at  each  side  of  the  space  between  the  dorsals ; 
a  couple  of  moderate-sized  ones  seen  in  front  of  the  shoulder,  those  on  the 
entire  caudal  region  smaller,  as  also  those  below  the  head  and  body.    A 
young  example,  about  1^  inches  in  length,  has  a  similar  outline  in  trans- 
verse section  as  wide  as  high,  is  abruptly  compressed  behind  the  abdomen, 
and  shows  the  first  dorsal  as  free  and  distinct  as  the  second;  back  some- 
what arched  under  the  base  of  the  anterior;  interorbital  space  sUghtly 
concave,  ^  wider  than  the  orbit,  and  \  narrower  than  the  disk;  disk 
nearly  \  wider  than  the  orbit.    Entire  body  covered  with  irregular- 
sized  spiny  tubercles;   on   the   sides  of  each   tubercle   the  small   spines 
slender  and  britttle-like,  and   their  development  comparatively  greater 
than  that  obtaining  among  thorn  on  older  examples.     Later  in  life  it  is  the 
central  portion  or  cone  <if  tht-  tubercle  that  develops,  while  the  lateral 
outgrowths  remain  small.    On  the  young  individuals  the  larger  scales 
occupy  the  spaces  behind  the  pectorals,  above  the  opercles,  and  at  the 
sides  of  the  first  dorsals.     I>r.  Giiiither,  1880,  figures  some  young  specimens 
an  inch  in  length,  some  with  tubercles,  others  without  them,  and  shows 
the  fins  to  bo  anj;nl;ir  oarly  in  life.     The  color  is  olivaceous  to  brownish, 
very  likely  reddish  in  life,  clouded  with  darker.     From  the  material  before 
us,  this  species  ap|)ears  to  be  less  compressed  than  either  Ci/cloptfrus  lumptts 
or  Eiimicrntrcmiis  orhis.    In  a  transverse  section,  in  front  of  the  first  dor- 
sal, it  is  nearly  round,  whereas  in  either  of  the  others  such  a  section  is 
considerably  higher  than  wide.     Compared  with  them  in  regard  to  length, 
it  may  be  dosfribed  as  elongate.     How  much  of  this  difference  in  form  is  to 
bo  credited  to  individnal  variation  we  can  not  at  ]>re8ent  determine.     Bear- 
ing in  mind  the  variations  seen  in  a  lot  of  8pe<'imens  of  C.  tumpus,  it  does 
not  seem  at  all  impossible  that  A',  npiiiosiis  and  A'.  orbi»  may  have  to  be 
united,  as  has  been  suggested  by  several  authors,  but  unless  other  speci- 
mens show  closer  approaches  than  these,  they  are  certainly  better  kept 
separate.     (Garman.) 

Mr.  Dresel  gives  the  following  notes  on  a  specimen,  90  mm.  long,  fh>in 
the  stomach  of  a  halibut  in  Davis  Straits : 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2099 


D.  VII,  11;  A.  ra.  10.  Thn  lioiul  anil  body  mjbnrliionlaT;  the  lirxly  poatorinrly  in 
Bbrnptly  o<>inpn-ii«d.  Thn  woiitii  in  mcMlerate,  tli*  juwo  willi  narrow  i)un<1«  of  villirorm 
tCKilli.  Tli«  mnxlUa  n>n<>li('«  Iw  lj<-low  llje  anU'rit>r  iiiiiri:iii  of  Clie  nyr,  Hn  UmiuUi  In-ing 
eontaini><l  'J^  tiim-H  in  ilmr  nT  rlic  lipati.  T1i«  gitl  i>]n<)itti^  U  xmall,  aa  Souk  »•  llii'dlamotcr 
of  tlu!  eye*,  wliirli  i!«  rqnluiiieil  ^1  tiiiieii  in  tho  Icnjftii  of  tlm  titmd.  Th»  dUic  ia  aliniit  oa 
\u\\z  >ut  it  la  lirttittl,  I  of  tiK'  li'iit;lli  of  llir>  iiuitil.  Tlit<  iiitiTorbilul  wUltli  is  grrntor  thuti  \ 
till)  loDiL'tli  (li  tilt!  lu'tul.  aud  mit  <jiiit<i  twicu  tlin  iliaiiii'tcr  i>l'  lliv  i-ye.  L4.'iigth  of  lieail 
i-oiila!u«'<l  ;i  linKW,  Kf^iih-Kr  Ijeifilii  \>f  ImhIj-  '1  tinit>«,  lii  total  iiiiiBtli.  Tlio  Ijody  \»  vovitviI 
wltli  I'linii'jtl  |ilat«'H  •kf  variuuH  niy^-B,  tlioftf  i>f  lljo  pwitonil  n"|sin.ii  Iwiii^  Uio  largettt,  nli<mt 
as  largi^  a«  thn  cytt.  Thn  pUtfa  are  aliidilml  with  hiiihII  tnlM"rcle«,  ami  the  largir  oiieii 
hnvo  till*  rriit«r»  KlcVHt<«l  and  (lOiuU'd.  t.'olor  Id  aplrita,  lii^lil  hmwu,  witli  IraiTa  cif 
punetaiatiiiSB  on  I  hu  sliiu  hutweiMi  ttio  jilatea. 

Noi'tli  Atlaiifi<;  aiicl  Arctic  ocenuti,  Month  to  Mnin«  anil  Deaiiiark;  tbo 
speHiiK'ns  nliave  deacribed  (by  Mr,  Garmau)  from  Koatport,  Maine.  tEii.) 
(/t/iiHotud,  spiaoiiH.) 

Cj/cinpUrut  npinoMcj, HOllex,  Pnxlr.  Zool.  Dan.,  ix,  1777,  Denmark;  Fabkicics,  Faana 
Grii-nlaniiiou,  134.  1780;  GCNTmR,  Cat.,  Ill,  1&~,  1861;  Jokdak  &  GiLBKttT,  8you|iala, 
746. 1883. 

T!um\ernirnnvt  ipinnttit,  Giu,  I'lw.  An.  Xat  Set.  Phila.  1873.  190i  Dbxsel,  Ptoo.  U.  S. 
Nat    Mii».  ltM4.'J4U:  liAKiLLN.  UiMcuixilJ.Sl,  1892. 

Lvmpiu  tpinotui,  STOBKB,  Syuo]j»is.  MS.  18U. 

34*6.  EtTHICKOTHEMlN  ORBIK  (GUotbcr). 

Hcftfl  2J;  depth  li.  D.  VIF,  9;  A.  10;  caudal  10;  branchJostepals  fi. 
Body  (!niii]ire8a(fd,  thick,  abnrt,  aud  hi)j;h;  hettd  short,  higlier  tituii  wido, 
ita t It'll ed;  siipraijrliitaliiugle8i)roiiiineut.  In  tliHspieciinendi-scrilH'd,  hndly 
Kliniiikeii  liy  drying,  th«  lieight  oC  the  Jiead  is  fotituiued  in  tho  distiiiice 
Irom  the  snout  to  the  base  of  tho  caudal  tifarly  twict>.  Eye  large,  about 
:H  times  in  the  length  nf  the  head.  Teeth  iimiieriniti,  Binall,  8iibi-oiii<Ta], 
in  pnvemeut,  4  or  ."•  series.  Anterior  domal  uiui'h  a.n  in  n  Hi)erinien  of 
f".  Iitiiipuii  of  '.i  iiiche-t  in  leujjtli,  tlu"  itidea  of  the  fill  covered  with  Hpiiies 
ol"  moderate  mzo,  tho  Bpinoiw  rays  7  in  niiniher.  The  upper  outline  of 
tliia  tin  is  mnch  like  thut  of  the  Lump,  in  being  .arehed  backward,  ur 
eri'scentic.  The  10  rays  of  tho  second  doraitl  are  very  diHliiict;  tho 
uH<ni1iriine8  are  not  no  tnberi-ul.'itu  as  those  of  the  first.  Kntiro  body  aud 
h<'a<l  covered  with  spiuy  i-ouical  tubercles,  tho  largest  iu  tx  i^ronit  ol'  7  or  8 
on  the  iliink  behind  the  [lectornlR,  another  on  the  forehead,  and  those  on 
tho  8ii])rai)i-iil:tr  ridge.  A  single  large  one  Htanda  at  eaeh  aide  nf  the 
Kpni'i'  between  the  dorsiiln.  Those  ou  the  flankx  are  in  contai-t.  and  on  an 
example  4^  itieheg  in  length  there  are  Bi>voral  that  exoeed  i  in>-h  in  diame- 
ter. Tlie  sides  of  the  tnhereles  are  rongheued  by  mnttitudca  of  tine  sharp 
spines.  Under  uhiii  and  throat  tho  tubercle**  are  Hmnller,  elose  together, 
and  very  nitnieroiis.  The  origin  of  the  tirst  dorsal  is  above  and  a  litiln  in 
front  of  the  gill  iipeuiug.  The  latter  ia  al«>ve  the  base  of  the  jiectoral, 
behind  the  eye;  itw  width  is  hardly  us  great  as  that  nf  the  orbit.  Profes- 
sor t'ollott  gives  a  good  liguro  of  C  gphionuH;  to  rnni]iHre  tho  Hpefilnen 
from  whifh  these  notes  are  taken  with  it,  tho  Pariiie  reiireRentativo  is 
higher  aud  more  iimhed  in  front  nf  and  over  the  lirst  doraal,  the  depth  of 
the  body  is  greater  iu  proportion  to  the  length,  and  the  spiues  above  the 
latfral  line,  tVoia  thr  apace  between  tho  dorsals  to  tho  back  of  (he  nkiill, 
are  a  great  deal  smaller.    These  ditVerences  are  sncb  aa  may  obtain  on 


2100         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  Natimtal  Museum. 


individuals,  it  is  true,  but  until  direct  comparisons  of  series  fitun  the 
Pacific  are  made  with  others  from  the  Atlantic  it  is  hardly  >rorth  the 
while  to  throw  C.  orh\»  in  with  C.  epinotua.  The  2  species  are  very  closely 
allied,  bat  with  our  specimenH  it  does  not  seem  best  to  bring  them  together 
as  one.  (Garman.)  Northern  Pacific,  south  to  Vancoaver  Island;  not 
rare.    The  specimen  above  described  from  St.  George  Island,  Bering  Sea. 

The  following  notes  are  taken  from  a  very  large  specimen,  5  inches  long, 
fironi  the  Aleutian  Islands.    (Coll.  Alaska  Comml.  Co.) : 

Head  3;  depth  nearly  2;  D.  VII,  11;  A.  10;  caudal  10.    Body  orbicolar, 
cuboid  anteriorly;  base  of  spinous  dorsal  and  body  behind  vent  abruptly 
compressed;  teeth  in  narrow  bands;  gill  openings  on  a  level  with  eye, 
slightly  narrower  than  orbit.    Spinous  dorsal  not  hidden,  covered  with 
rough  tubercles,  similar  to  tbosi^  on  body,  but  smaller;  width  of  ventral 
disk  slightly  less  than  its  length,  and  somewhat  less  than  length  of  head. 
Body  covered  with  irregular  roundish  conical  plates,  varying  much  in 
size,  some  of  the  larger  with  a  central  point,  turned  backward ;  all  the 
plates  with  small  tubercles  and  slender  flexible  prickles;  small  plates 
along  bases  of  aU  the  fins;  a  Hories  of  6  large  plates  extending  backward 
from  above  eye  to  opposite  the  interval  between  dorsals ;  a  series  of  5  on 
each  side  of  middle  of  iuterocnlar  space  from  snout  to  nape,  these  increas- 
ing much  in  size  posteriorly ;  a  series  of  3  along  opercular  margin ;  along 
base  of  spinous  dorsal,  a  series  of  4,  not  connected  with  that  of  interor- 
bital  space;  a  single  large  plate  on  each  side  of  the  interval  between  dor- 
sals ;  2  longitudinal  series  of  4  large  plates  each,  beginning  above  base  of 
pectorals  and  behind  gill  slits,  terminating  under  the  space  between 
dorsals ;  the  largest  plate  on  body  is  immediately  behind  axil  of  pectoral ; 
a  smaller  one  below  it,  and  2  others  betweeu  it  and  origin  of  anal ;  2  series 
of  smaller  plates  below  eye ;  many  small  plates  interposed  between  the 
series  of  large  ones;  very  small  plates  on  under  side  of  head  and  middle  of 
tail;  no  plates  between  ventral  disk  and  vent;  none  in  axil  of  pectorals. 
Color  olivaceous,  the  skin  between  th<'  plates  thickly  punctate. 

"Three  young  examples,  the  largest  27  mm.  long,  were  dredged  south 
of  Sannak  Islands  and  in  Bristol  Bay  (depth  19  to  70  fathoms).  Fin 
rays  in  these  vary  as  follows:  D.  VI  or  VII,  9  or  10;  A.  8  to  10.  Wo 
agree  with  Garman  in  considering  it  advisable  to  distinguish  the  north 
Pacifio  form  from  A,',  spinosiis,  until  ade<iuato  series  can  be  compared." 
(Gilbert.)     {orhis,  orb  or  sphere.) 

Ojfcloptrrus  orhU,  (ii'NTHEn,  Cat.,  Hi,  158, 1S61,  Vancouver  Island. 
TJiiKncroffw  u*or6i»,  .Jordan  i  GrLnKiiT,  I'roc.  U.  S.  Nat  Mu».  1880,  454;  Gabman,  Disco. 

bnti,  36, 1H92. 
(.'ijclopterwi  tjnnomt,  JOBDAN  &.  GlLliF-BT,  Synopsis,  746, 1883 :  not  of  ML'LX,ER. 

780.  LETHOTREMUS,  Gilbert. 

Lfthotremuf,  GanEliT,  Ki'pt.  U.  S.  Fish  Conim.  1893  (189fl),  449  (muticus). 

This  genus  differs  from  F.umicrolrrmuH  in  the  total  absence  of  the  bony 
plates,  and  of  lateral  line  or  pores  on  sides  of  he.i<l  and  body.  The  skin  is 
eitlier  smooth  or  armed  with  scattered  prickles.  {Xi'/Ot/,  forgetfnluess; 
T/jiJfta,  apertures.) 

a.  Dorsalraya  ATTI, ll;nnal  10;  Rkin  i)orfRCtl.v  HUiooth.  Mimcrs,2437. 

aa.  Dorsal  rays  V,  7 ;  oaal  6 ;  akin  prickly.  vraoLXHTUS,  2438. 


Jordan  and  Evcrmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2101 

i4«;.  LKTHOTBeSIIH  HUTIcrtN,  (;ilb«rt. 

n.  Vri,  II ;  A.  1»;  r.  23.  lioptli  2  to  2*  iu  lougtli :  head  2J  t<i  2*.  Kye 
very  largo,  11\  t<J  2|  in  head,  eqimliug  iiitvrorbical  width.  In  Eumicro- 
tmniis  whig  of  equal  size,  the  leng;th  of  t\u-  slit  slightly  less  thiin  ita 
(IsKtiiiii-e  Craiu  nppur  luise  of  pecUirnlti.  I)ianitAtt<r  of  veutral  disk  % 
length  of  liead,  i.'qual  t"  wiiltli  of  ruuutb.  No  buiUels  or  liliuueut«. 
Origin  of  Hiiiiioim  diirsal  Blightly  iii  itdvatico  uf  gill  slit,  diittaiice 
bet^reuti  doittiilii  (rqiiiiliii^  half  diuniuter  of  oj'o;  origin  of  aua!  uiuloi' 
that  of  Hccoiid  doiKiil:  no  iiott'li  botweea  utiper  and  lower  fjortious  of 
poctornl  tin.  the  lower  ravN  ihickeiiod  hnt  not  loiigtltciicd,  lh<'  length  of 
upper  liiy  ciiiiuling  that  of  suont  JiuJ  oyi'.  Vent  «opmu1ed  from  disk  Ijy 
Hllfihtly  ni«r«i  (liitn  \  its  ili«l:i]i(;o  fmui  front  of  aniil.  Color  iti  sjiirito, 
lirowniHli  altore,  wliite  biduw,  tlie  u)i|ivr  parts  llnely  freckled  with  Hniull 
UL'K'k  HpeclcK.  Longth  about  1^  inchea.  Alentiiin  l!«IaiulH.  This  operiea 
L'losely  rt'sembles  in  form,  tin  rays,  and  gi'ueral  appearauut)  EnmuTolit-iixuH 
tirlm,  lint  ditl'ers,  iu  addition  tu  tbe  generic  ^'Lurnutera  alri'ady  HtuCcd,  in 
llie  much  larger  eye,  the  lower  apiuoiis  din»al,  and  tht<  uxtrt'ine  rodncttou 
of  thi>  potjti^rior  na^al  tiilte.  In  young  examples  of  E.  orhiii,  the  ])OBterior 
uaaiil  tnlte  ia  mucb  louger  tliau  thtj  nuterior,  and  eijnuU  i  the  diaiin'ter  of 
iiye.  In  L.  muttcut,  both  tnb«'a  nro  Hbort,  and  the  ])ostoiior  in  little 
more  than  iin  ©lcvat<»d  rliu  to  the  nasal  np*iniii>;.  Tlnj  naked  J<i)i't:inn!u» 
from  the  Atlivotit^  reported  on  by  Dr.  Giinthor  nndcr  the  uauu!  Vi/cloptrrvtuii 
ipinugu»,  are  probably  roferaldo  to  LrthotranHf.  (Gilbert.)  (mulicun, 
tinaruicd.) 

I^l/iotrfiiiuji  mutievs,  GnjiEiiT.  Kept.  V.  S.  fUli  Coium.  IBV3  (IBWI.  UO,  pi.  31,  Unimak 
Pass,  Alaska,  at  Albatross  Stations  3313  and  3358,  in  56  and  70  fathoms. 


S4Slt.  L>:TH<>TBE1IV!>  VI\((LE>T1J.S,  .lordaji  .'L  Starks. 

Head  2J in  length;  depth 2i.  D.  V,  7;  A.  6;  ey«3inhcad;  snout  uenrly 
4;  maxillary  2j;  interorbitr.l  2i ;  ventral  dislt  1 J ;  height  of  spinoiiiidoratil 
2^;  length  of  jwctoral  2},  Hody  short  and  thick,  broadest  at  head,  deepeat 
in  front  of  lirst  dorHal  npiue,  abruptly  couipressed  at  vent;  baek  hoiuo- 
what  elevated.  Mouth  turiuiual,  obliqiiej  the  jaws  about  ei|uul;  snout 
very  htiint}  luasillary  reaching  slightly  past  the  vertical  from  front  of  eye; 
teeth  in  narrow  villifovin  bantU;  teeth  on  vomer  (the  speeiiueii  iHsosiiinll, 
wo  euu  not  bo  Niiri<  of  the  piilatiuc  teeth) ;  eye  targo.  Ket  high  in  the  head, 
ito  diameter  greater  tlKiii  the  length  of  the  Hnoiit;  interorbitul  wide  and 
Jlat,  the  diameter  eoutained  U  times  in  the  width;  gill  opening  ohliitne, 
about  as  wide  us  eye  and  on  a  level  with  eye;  disk  i  longer  than  broad, 
itB  length  about  cqntd  to  distance  from  gill  opening  to  anterior  edge  ol 
eye.  Skill  thick;  bead  and  liody  nearly  naked,  a  few  spines  scattered 
over  it;  apiuonti  dorsal  with  3  or  4  saiall  spines,  a  niinnto  Niiaple  spine  in 
front  of  eye  and  2  or  'A  above  it;  4  uuiltilid  flpiuea  following  the  curve 
of  back,  nnder  spinou.i  dorsal,  and  1  under  the  front  of  second  dorsal,  2 
similar  spines  on  each  xide  ol  nape,  jnst  above  opercles;  2  on  edge  of  oper- 
cle  and  3  on  edge  of  preopercle;  an  irregular  row  of  6  running  from  above 
base  of  pectoral  to  front  of  anal  tin,  and  a  rouplo  of  small  oue«  behind  gill 


2102         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


opening;  body  otherwise  naked.  All  the  spines,  with  the  exception 
of  those  noted  as  simple,  are  long  sharp  spines  in  groups  of  from  3  to 
6  with  a  common  base,  generally  the  length  of  each  spine  exceeding 
length  of  the  booe.  No  laterul  line.  Spinous  dorsal  reaching  to  the  first 
ray  of  soft  dorwil  when  fin  is  depressed,  higher  than  soft  dorsal;  anal  and 
soft  dorsal  similar;  caadal  trniall,  truncate  or  slightly  rounded;  jtectorala 
very  short,  reaching  to  the  posterior  edge  of  ventral  disk.  Color  bright 
wine  red,  slightly  lighter  below,  without  markings,  sides  dusted  oTor 
with  very  small  dark  points;  spinous  dorsnl  dnsky;  other  fins  colorleaa. 
Colors  disappear  in  alcohol.  One  Hpecimen  \  inch  long,  dredged  in  Pnget 
•Sound.  If  the  udult  shows  the  same  churucters,  it  must  become  the  type 
of  a  distinct  genus,     (rxnolfniui,  wine-colored.) 

Lethotremu*  vinolentu;  JuBDAN  &  Stabks,  Froc.  Cal.  Ac.  Sci.  1805,  827,  pi.  M,  Puget 
Sound,  near  Seattle,  Washington.  (Tyiie,  No.  8131,  L.  S.  Jr.  Univ.  Una.  CoU.  B. 
C.  StarlcB.) 

781.  CYCLOPTEROIDES.  Gannan. 

Oyclopteroidet,  Gasman,  Mod.  Discoboli,  87, 1692  (ffyrinopt). 

Body  short,  thick,  slightly  depressed  anteriorly,  compressed  posteriorly. 
Head  broad,  short;  Huout  short,  obtuse;  subordital  produced  to  connect 
with  the  preoperculum,  widening  backward.  The  bases  of  both  dorsals  are 
thickly  enveloped  in  skin  and  llesh.  Vcntrals  united,  forming  a  large 
ailhesivc  disk.  Chin  with  tubular  pores,  or  barbels.  Teeth  small,  anb- 
conical.  Oil!  openings  narrow;  gill  membranes  united  and  attached  to 
the  isthmus.  Gills  3^.  Pseudobranchia' present.  8ix  branohiostogal  rays. 
Intestine  long.  I^ike  Cycloptrrut,  to  which  it  is  closely  allied,  the  species 
of  this  geuut)  n])])oar.s  to  derive  a  portion  of  their  food  from  vegetation. 
(Cyclopttrim;  f/'<5()j,  resemblance.) 

24.H1).  CKXOPTEBOIDES  OYBIXOPS,  Gannan. 

Head  3  in  total  b-ngth;  1).  «  or  9;  .\.  i);  pectoral  24;  caudal  10; 
cM't-a  10  or  11 ;  brantbiostcgal  6.  Body  oblong,  i-ompres-sed  toward  tht* 
dursalH,  broad  toward  the  belly,  siibtriangular  in  transverse  section, 
abruptly  eonipressod  in  tlie  posterior  )>ortion  between  the  second  dorsal 
and  the  anal,  deej)  near  the  abdomen,  and  tapering  rapidly  to  tlie  eandal 
tin.  Belly  llatfeiiod,  }  as  wi(l<'  an  long.  Mead  short,  as  long  as  high, 
wider  than  long;  iutenirbital  space  concave  transversely  and  slightly  so 
longitudinally,  stec]>ly  inclined  on  snout  and  sides;  cheeks  swollen; 
mouth  anterior,  somewhat  obiiiiue,  little  wider  than  interorbital  space, 
not  reaching  a  vertical  from  front  of  eye ;  lower  lip  interrupted  for  a  short 
distance  at  the  symidiysiN;  chin  with  a  scricH  of  4  barbels  on  each  side 
formed  by  tubular  jirolonfrations  of  the  jiores  nimilar  to  those  of  the 
nostrils.  Teeth  very  small,  couiial,  sli<;litly  lioolcing  backward,  in  5  rows 
at  the  Hymphynis,  Home  of  which  are  shorter  and  do  not  extend  so  far 
toward  th«^  sides  as  the  others.  Nostrils  small,  tubular,  the  posterior 
between  the  eyes,  anil  the  anterior  halfway  between  the  posterior  and  the 
month.     Kyo  moderate,  lateral,  as   long  as   the  suout,  more  than   4  in 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  Atnerica.     2103 

lieutl,  prominent  abiivo  the  outline  of  the  fnrplieiwL  Oill  opening  very 
Buml),  L'ovoreil  by  the  apitie-ltkti  imnle  iif  the  ojiercle,  iit  n  ilistitui'e  iibovo 
the  liHse  of  t.h«  pectural  t<c|ual  to  aboat  twice  it.-*  a\su  wiilth.  .Skin  cov- 
orcd  witli  mucus,  with  1  serloo  of  very  biuuII,  distiuit,  1-  to  8-Hpined 
tubvrclcH  on  ouch  Btde;  1  siTies  on  each  side  rif  tlje  meiUnu  tiiii-  of  tbe 
forehead  iihiug  t!n'  sides  «f  tht*  b&s«B  of  tho  (iorsiils,  iinotht-r  from  each 
orbital  ridno  batdiwinil  on  the  (iiitik  iiarallvl  with  the  fimt,  auutber 
bekiiud  eiich  eye.  and  thf  fuurtb  tit  tht'  lowt-r  edge  of  tho  gill  opening; 
below  the  last  HericH  the  akin  in  <|iiit«  bare.  Ventral  diHlc  aa  Iniig  a«  the 
liewl,  a*  brotid  im  bmg,  or  broader,  nearly  twice  as  far  from  the  caudal  ;ut 
from  the  mouth.  Horsnl  titm  very  thick  at  their  liases,  enveloped  ia  loose 
skin  thniugb  which  the  ray»  may  he  dixtinguishfrd,  neparated  by  an  inter- 
apace,  th(:<  tifKt  higher,  origitiating  iibove  the  gill  opi-uing;  bsuse  of  the 
aecoiid  higher  in  front,  ami  the  posterior  myH  iiKiro  frcd  from  the  thick 
skin.  (The  extreniitien  of  the  rayH  a^<^  all  weak,  and  in  most  cases  !iave 
been  earned  away.  That  tin'  laudal  fin  was  pointed  m  indiciit'Cd  by  the 
strength  of  the  me4liau  rayn;  in  other  words,  the  (in  wan  longer  in  the 
middle.)  Pectorals  brood,  roumled  in  tin'  (ippcr  part  posteriorly,  reaching 
R8  far  backward  a»  the  hinder  vdge  nf  tht>  disk;  Inwer  border  but  little 
indented,  if  at  all,  with  ends  of  rays  proloiigt-d  as  a  short  fringe.  Color 
brown,  a[i|)roacbing  arhocolat«;  belly  light;  a  dark  brown  blotch  between 
the  eyes,  another  from  each  eye  throngb  anterior  nostril  to  muutli,  1  below 
eye  to  throat,  1  or  2  hack  of  eye  on  opercle,  a  Irtrger  one  behind  gill  open- 
ing, Jwveriil  small  ones  close  along  bii»c8  of  dorsals,  and  an  elongate  baud 
on  the  hinder  part  of  Hank  ad<1  oh  base  of  euudul  portion  ;  pcculiiir  marks 
exist  in  a  Itriiwn  blotch,  on  each  aide  of  hinder  part  of  abdomen,  on 
which  ia  a  bunch  of  3  white  spots  like  a  clover  leaf,  in  a  white  baud, 
reaching  toward  the  Hank  at  each  side  of  hinder  margin  of  disk,  and  in 
a  white  8])ot  at  posterior  ends  of  brauchiosU'gal  rays.  Total  length  a 
little  le.«s  than  2  inches.  St.  Paul  Islaml,  Alaska  (Garmau);  the  ynuiig 
taken  by  us  in  the  liurhor  of  Cualaaka.  (yvpivoi,  tadpole;  aS^,  a]ipear- 
ance.) 

Offtlo^tToide*  [lyrinopt,  Gaknak,  Mod.  Discolioll,  in  Uemoira  Mas.  Camp.  Zool.,  Ciimi)r1ilge, 
87, 1882,  St.  Paul  Isluid,  Alaska. 


78a.  CYCLOPTERICHTHYS,  Steiudachner. 
Cyoiop/irWoMAy*,  SrsraDACHNEK,  Ichth.  Ueltr&ge,  x,  14,  1881  {glabtT^^ventTicot%u\. 

Body  short  aud  thick,  raaude^l,  covered  with  thick,  ainooth  skin,  desti- 
tute of  houy  tubercles;  tail  slender,  <'oni](roa')ed,  the  body  abruptly  con- 
tracted to  its  base;  liend  broitd,  obtuse;  mioith  nbliipie,  the  lower  jnw 
jiromiiient;  teeth  rather  mnall,  simple,  booked,  nharp,  iu  2  rows  anteriorly; 
pBeudt>braaehiie  litr;;e..;  gills  S^;  suborbital  cduuected  by  a  bony  stay  with 
the  preopercle;  gill  opening  small,  above  the  buine  of  the  pectoral,  whir]) 
is  broad  and  prociirrent ;  ventral  disk  modern te,  fringed.  Dorsal  short 
and  high,  of  soft  rays  only,  opposite  the  short  auul,  both  well  sexiaratetl 
from  the  small  caudal,     {Cyvh^trrM*;  lx^^i>  iixb.) 


2104         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


2440.  CTVLOPTEBICHTHT8  TEirrBICOHim  (PaUaa). 

Head  21 ;  depth  3*.    D.  9 ;  A.  7  (8  or  9  Pallas) ;  P.  20  5  C.  11.     Body  Btont, 
tbick,  short,  smooth,  abruptly  c(>inpresse«l  behind  the  body  cavity.    Candal 
portion  nearly  J  of  the  total  length.     Head  about  \  of  the  length  withont 
the  caadul,  broail,  depressed  but  convex  on  the  crovrn,  blunt  and  bioadly 
rounde<l  on  the  snout.    Month  wide,  anterior,  opening  slightly  upward, 
its  corner  before  the  middle  of  the  eye.    Teeth  small,  simple,  in  2  series 
in  front,  and  but  1  toward  the  sidefi.    Pallas  says  of  the  dentition :  "Max- 
illarum  marlines  ossei,  denticniis  minutis,  cnrvulis,  obtnsiiucalia,  ioDor- 
dinatis  et  iniiMjualibus,  passim  K«iiunatis  asperi;  quorum  in  superiora 
maxilla  interion^s  majores.''    Eye  lateral,  its  diameter  contained  7  times 
in  the  longth  of  thu  head.    Gill  slit  4  in  head.    Dorsal  short,  behind  the 
abdominal  chamber,  its  upper  extremity  extending  behind  a  vertical  from 
thtf  base  of  the  caudal,  margin  rounde<l ;  anal  smaller  than  the  dorsal  and 
opiiosed  to  it,  though  originating  a  trifle  farther  back ;  caudal  snbtruncate 
rountled.    Vent  almost  directly  in  the  middle  of  the  total  length.     Disk 
Hubcircular,  with  a  broad  cutaneous  margin,  1^  in  head.     Brownish,  with 
numerous  scattered,  small,  rounded  spots  of  darker;  our  specimeoa  plain 
blackish  olive.     Bering  Soa ;  Sea  of  Okhotsk  (Steindachner) ;  our  speci- 
mens  from  St.  Paul  Island,  Pribilof  Oroup;  also  found  at  Petropanlaki  ■ 
occasionally  taken  in  abundance,  (veniricotut,  large-bellied.) 

OgtiapUna  vmtrieotwi,  Paij.A8,  Spicileeia,  Zool.,  ^■^,  IS,  t.  2, 1769,  Kamchatta. 
Cycloptmehthy  glabtr,  STBiNOArHKSR,  Irhth.  BeitrSge,  x,  14,  pi.  8, 1881,  Sea  of  Okhotsk. 
OotylU  ventricomt,  GCKTinSB,  Cat.,  Ill,  498, 1861. 

Cyelopteriehthys  vmtrieotui,  Jobdan  &,  Gilbebt,  Spiupsls,  745, 1883;  Garmam,  Diacoboli, 
41, 1892. 

783.  LIPAROPS,  Gannan. 

lAparopf,  Garman,  Discotrali,  in  Mem.  Muh.  (.'omp.  Zool.,  42,  1892  {itftteri). 

A  little-known  genus,  a]»parently  closely  allied  to  Cijclopterickthya,  but 
tlixtinguished  by  the  elongate  dorsal,  the  tubercles,  and  the  dentition. 
One  speiries  known.     {Lipurin;  i2tl>,  uppcanince.) 

2441.  LIPAROPS  STKLLKK!  (Pallas). 

Body  oval,  smooth,  the  rlicHt  in  the  middle,  the  de])th  4  inches;  a  single 
series  of  osseous  tubercles  along  the  middle  of  the  back  to  the  origin  of 
the  dorsal  fin;  lower  jaw  longest;  teeth  slender,  blunt,  nne<iual;  eyes 
small,  high ;  gill  opeuing  reduced  to  a  round  foramen ;  opercle  large.  Disk 
between  ]>ectoral  Kiis.  Dorsal  fin  commencing  on  the  middle  of  the  back 
and  extending  to  near  the  base  of  caudal ;  anal  ending  0]>posite  dorsal ; 
anal  Hlendcr.  Petropaulski,  Kamchatka,  where  it  is  rare  (Pallas);  not 
seen  by  any  recent  collector.  (Named  for  Georg  Wilhelm  Steller,  naturalLst 
and  explorer. ) 

Ci/rlopterut  ttflltri,  Pallas,    Znn^r.  RoHSo-AHJat.,  ni,  73,  1811,  Kamchatka,  Harbor  of 

Peter-and-Paul;  <l<>.scribt'd  from  nianuHcriptH  of  Steller. 
Cot  litis  Itelleri,  GCnthhr.  Cat.,  HI.  499,  ISfil. 
Cjiclopttrichlhyn  tttllcri.  Jordan  &  (fn.BKRT,  .Syno]>8ii!,  745,  1883. 
Liparopt  iteUeri,  UAB.MAN,  Diacoboli,  42,  1892. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2105 


Family  CLXXXIII.  Mr'AUIDID.E. 
(Thk  Ska  Snails.) 

Ilody  more  or  lfl««  elongatp,  tndpolt^-slinix'il,  Bnlitiylindrical  anteriorly, 
cotnprnSM'd  1>cliiiiil,  the  head  ili-presseil ;  bol.li  Load  imd  body  covered  with 
sinootb,  thill  akin,  wbicli  ia  very  lax.  Ile.id  Uroiid,  uMiise,  the  snuut  short, 
wide,  and  bJiint;  tliird  HiiborUita!  bono  sty liform  bBhiiid,  forming  a  lioiiy 
stiiy  arti<'iibitiujj:  svitli  tho  pri'operilc,  as  in  Votlidu;  uioiilh  modiTiito, 
nDterioT,  tennitial,  the  jaws  e<]n;il,  or  tlie  Ihwit  iuvUided;  jnwH  with 
biinda  of  ftiimll  t«oth,  wbicdi  are  .-^iiiiple  cir  more  or  loBg  trimspid,  iiflii.tlly 
close  »et,  liiriuiug  a  p.ivarnmit;  no  teeth  on  Toaier  or  ]>alatin<\s;  pretiiaxit- 
laries  protractita,  littli-  movable;  opercnlar  boneH  iiniirmed;  interopon-le 
slender,  ray-likt',  overlying  the  brauKbio8tt>;?!t]s;  gill  opi^nings  Hiiiall,  the 
luembraiies  joined  to  the  brua<l  isthmus  smd  to  the  buiiu'ral  arch  below. 
Briin<-hiu8to^als  (i,  GIIIh  3^,  uo  slit  Imliiud  the  lant;  p!tendab^ancbiIl^ 
small  or  wanting;  dorsal  tin  rather  long,  the  spines  feoblo  and  llosible, 
low,  ainiilur  to  the  Koft  riiys;  anal  Iouk,  niuiilar  to  the  soft  dorsal ;  ventral 
tins  1,5,  the  two  completely  united  and  forming  the  bony  •■enter  of  an  oval 
sncking  disk,  or  cdse  sometimes  entirely  waiitinjc:;  pcctor.il  tin  very  broad, 
the  UoHo  procurrent,  extendin^r  forward  under  the  thro:it,  tlio  outline 
uBiially  rmiirgiunto,  some  of  the  lower  rays  beiun  produced;  tail  dij>Ly- 
cercal ;  caudal  t'm  short,  convex;  vertebni*  uumeroiia,  35  to  50;  pyloric 
oiBca  nuuieruua;  no  air  bladder;  Htomj.ch  Hiphoii.il,  U-Hhaped,  iutealiue 
elongate.  UeuerfiU;  aporioit  almut  tU,  Small,  8lnggi.^h  liHhf>.s.  nearly  all 
of  thi!  Arctic  seas,  a  few  botou^inj!;  to  the  Antarctic;  found  adhering  to 
rocks  at  various  d«)>tbs.  The  group  is  evidently  eloaely  allied  to  the 
C'oUidir,  and  its  origin  must  be  sought  in  tbo  ancestors  of  such  types  as 
PtyrhrotntiK  iind  Coiiimculiiii,  the  Ci/rloiiteriiUr  represeuting  a  coordinate 
phase  of  degradation. 

The  tblluvving  additional  characters  are  given  by  Mr.  Ciuruan : 

Skvli'tun  wUli  B  Hoiiicwliat  Inrgrr  pr»iK>rtion  of  oitscoua  motKT  lliui  that  ol  the  Oydoptar- 
idtr.  An  In  (lial  fiinjili ,  llii'  nkiitl  i.t  full  on  the  back,  an  it  Cr<iDv'at<>,  nnil  hiiK  tm  paxMijce 
fiirmuaclea  (Mt«niUn<;  furwur<l  liotwooo  tUt>  niiutolil  iiml  tlie  uwljiiuls.  Third  «>il>iirh)titl 
very  Lohk.  nlender,  UDil  apltKi-Uko,  poateriorly  roaobing  Cnwnnl  the  po«tori(ir  margin  of 
tlio|>reo])eri'uluiu.  17pp<'r  liuili  of  preoperciilum  oxpaudetl.  Oporriilum  uiiirh  ro<1u€C4l, 
Ha  flhapft  wUh  donio  rt^Ht'rnlilunro  to  that  of  a  boot,  tlit*  note  direc  tad  ilownwnrd  unil  t)te  t4)0 
hackv^'uril.  Sttho{>errnlimi  aleuder,  like  ati  inverteil  V  with  the  llinbEi  curved  outward, 
tho,'iDt<Tior  extcndiu;;  furwaiTl  ali.ng  tho  pr«op<^rculuDi,  and  th«  posterior  reACliliig  l%aek 
uiiilcr  the  lower  Iwnlor  of  the  opureuluiu.  lutoroperculmii  loug,  slyliforni,  reachliiK  from 
■ulmpcrvulum  to  articulnr.  irof|t)oiitly  miatAkeo  for  imo  of  tho  brauchioatei;ul  rayn.  Rea- 
son* for  aepnratini;  thia  family  from  the  Cjfcloptfrida  and  pladng  it  farther  from  tbr 
Cottida  exist  lu  the  rontiouous  dorsal,  the  coDnectiou  of  dorsal  and  anal  with  tho  oandal, 
the  iiiirro  complete  trauafonuatioD  of  tho  ventral  raya,  (bo  more  alpodor  and  aplncltke 
nabnrbila.1  profesa,  the  expanded  u]>]>er  Uinh  of  tlio  prt^operculuiu.  the  Htyliform  iutor- 
upt>Tcidain,  the  shorter  olfactory  nerves.  *n<t  tho  muro  clongsto  broiti.  (Gunuaa.) 
Ditcoboli  lipaHdina,  GCwthbb,  Cst,,  itr.  JM  to  165. 1861. 

LlPAJUDINX: 

a.  Ventral  disk  prcaent,  large  or  unall. 

ft.  Teotral  di«k  oormal,  composed  of  13  lobes,  •  median  one  in  front,  and  one  eor- 
iMpondlDg  to  «svh  of  iho  fln  rayn,  eaob  lolw  with  a  de<^ldnouH  homy  covsr- 
iog  or  ]>apilia.     Teeth  oloeo  set  in  parcmentlike  bands,   tricuspid  io  tlio 

3030 55 


2106         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


young,  some  or  all  b«oomlng  angular  or  bluntly  arrow-aluiped  in  the  adnlt; 

caudal  fin  well  deTeloiied,  rather  broad. 
e.  Dorsal  fln  dividt^  by  a  deep  notch,  which  separates  the  slender  spines  IVoin 
the  soft  rays.  Kkoupasis,  7M. 

ee.  Dorsal  fln  continuous,  the  spines  not  separated  fttnn  the  soft  rays. 

UUPAJBIS,  78&. 

66.  Ventral  disk  more  or  less  reduced  in  sise  or  degraded  in  structare,  beooming 
anterior  iu  position ;  teeth  simple  or  tricuspid  only  in  the  rery  young;  rar- 
tebne  numerous. 
A.  Caodal  well  developed;   teeth  »lender,  cnrred,  in  csrdiform  bands,  the 
inner  lont;er,  depressible;  ventral  disk  large;  skeleton  very  noft. 

Batbtpuasma,  78S. 
a.  Caudal  fln  slender,  not  distinct  from  other  vertical  flus ;  teeth  simple  in 
the  adult;  vertebra-  numerous;  dorsal  rays  35  to  50;  anal  33  to  M. 
Anterior  nostrils  usually  without  tubes:  ventral  disk  •vvry  small, 
nearly  under  the  eye ;  the  vent  close  behind  it. 
e.  Pectoral  flns  with  the  lower  lobe  well  developed;  gill  openings  mod- 
erate or  small,  not  greatly  reduced.  Cakeproctts,  787. 
et.  Pectoral  Ann  nut  notched,  the  lower  lobe  obsolete,  the  rays  progress- 
ively shortened;  gill  openings  reduced  to  a  small  pore. 

Gykinichthts,  78». 

AMITBIN.«: 

aa,.  Ventral  disk  entirely  wanting;  no  ventral  flns;  teeth  mostly  simple  in  the  adult; 
vertebra)  and  fln  rays  iu  large  number. 
/.  Psendobranchiffi  present ;  lower  lobe  of  pectoral  produced.  Ajotba,  78t. 

g.  Pseudobroncbice  wanting. 

g.  Tipof  snout  without  barbel.  Pakaupakis,  790. 

gg.  Tipof  snout  with  a  pair  of  barbels;  snout  projecting. 

RanioupAais,  791. 

784.  NEOLIPARIS,  Steindachner. 

S>oKpori#,  Stbindach.ntsh,  Ichtb.  llcitr.,  m,  54, 1875  (mutonu). 

This  genu8  diH'ers  from  Lijyaris  in  Laving  a  deep  notch  iu  the  dorsal  fin 
anteriorly,  8ei)ar;itiug  the  spines  from  the  soft  rays.  The  species  approach 
more  nearly  to  tho  Cottoid  type,  from  which  the  Liparids  are  descended. 
In  general  the  vortebne  are  fewer,  tho  fin  rays  fewer,  the  ventral  disk 
hirger,  and  tbe  vertieal  fins  better  »oparat<?d  than  in  tlie  more  degenerate 
incmbors  of  the  family.  Tho  retention  of  the  notch  between  the  dorsals 
fully  justifies  the  recognition  of  2>'tvliparia  us  a  distinct  genas.  (reoi, 
new;  Liparin.) 

a.  dill  opening  very  n.irrow,  almost  oiitirelv  nl>ove  base  of  pectoral,  the  lower  edge  not 
l)eloH-  third  perioral  ray. 
b.  .Vntcrior  noittrils  with  distinct  tul>e«. 

c.  Dorsal  Hpiiica  iu  tliu  male  greatly  elevated,  not  connected  by  membranes 
except  at  extreme  Ikisc. 
d.  Dorsal  rays  about  25 ;  anal  2:i ;  licuil  small ;  ventral  disk  small. 

ATIJLNTICCS,  2«2. 
(ill.  Dorsal  rays  26 ;  anal  211;  bead  larger;  ventral  disk  comparatively  large. 

Bl'TTERI,  2443. 

cc.  Dorsal  spines  not  esiiecially  elcvati-d ;  dorsal  rays  34  to  36;  anal  rays  25  to 

28;   lower  jaw  included;   form  rather  elongate,  the  bead  depressed; 

ventral  disk  2,',  in   liiad.    Color  pale,  irregularly  dotted  with  darker, 

someliuies  plain  browuinb.  CALLYOlioN,  2444. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fis/us  of  North  America.      2107 


bA.  Auterinr  noittrllM  with  a  rkiiicd  rim,  anil  willioiit  iliHlinnl  tiilwH;  limd  ulinrt, 
bliinl,  4  in  Iniii^li  \  vpntrul  diali  vfry  lar);o,  1}  in  hcixl :  mmut  lilimt :  imiutii 
very  uliorf.  Il«i'lt.-ri  aliuust  pnllrely  nul<>rior,  lh«  niuzillury  iM'»rt*ly  reach- 
inx  eye;  Uornal  ray*  \Vl;  anxkl  20.     Color  pliiin  roKy  iir  browuloh,  Dut  sputtod. 

Mi;C\l8t!8.  .244$. 
aa.  Gil)  ij|i«uia|;  raUinr  large,  iU  Imisc  iiiifMwitt-  4  ur  5  u)ip«r  raya  of  iicctorul;  liody  dee]i 
jKMleriorly :  noxtrils  with  niii^d  rim,  Imt  wttliuut  dialincl  tubes  i  vvutral  dli^k 
iuiHl<^rjil«.  2}  lu  ".\  in  lit^ud;  livaU  alKiiit  'i\  in  binly,  deprvMU^l  aiiove:  olvri  u( 
mxiith  liroader,  partly  latoral,  nearly  i  in  bpad.  Color  plain  brntrniafa  or  red- 
dUb. 

(.  DomilVI,  27|  anal  21  t»  23 1  pectoral  3(1:  deshOmi.      VUlBJ(,St4(i. 
tt.  UtirMil  VI. 34;  anuISO;  pcctoralSS;  flrnh  lax.  orkkki,  2447. 

t«f.  Duraal  VI,  It.  aoal26;  pootoral  36.  ris^l'RATl'^,  244H. 

<«4li!.  XEOLIPIBIM  ATLANTICII8,  Jordan  &  Ersrmann,  new  apeulva. 

Hemdlj;  depth  4  to  4^  D.  VF.iS;  A.  23;  P.  30,  Eye  5  iu  hea.l;  snout 
3;  ventral  disk  If  to  2.  Hody  widest  at  jsill  opening,  cotupreasvd  poMteri- 
orly;  di-ojieat  below  third  dursal  Mpiuo;  hoiid  liroiidertUiiii  deep,  di^presscd 
iiliuve  tLo  eyes;  moiitb  iiurrow,  ita  nlel't  trttii8ver»e  and  oxteiidinf;  to  itllte- 
riunitrntril ;  lowerjiiw  iucliuled;  ti^etti  triciiHpid,  tlie  uiiddle  cusps  liif*lieHt; 
f;iil  opciiiuKS  very  mirru'w,  X\\v  lower  liorderoppoKite  (irnt  my  oC  peoiorul; 
iidterior  nostril  tulniliir,  Iht*  tnhv  \  of  eye;  posterior  uoHtril  witli  ;i  low 
iiitp;  nkiu  liio«i>,  lyius  in  folds.  Oriniii  of  dorsal  not  fur  lii-ljiiij  pectoral, 
itH  diHtaiic«  from  tip  of  suoiit  i  its  dit<tuu('(>  to  tiase  of  caudal.  Dursul 
with  II  very  shallow  notch,  the  spinoH  ueiirly  eontiiniuiiR  with  the  noft 
rays;  in  the  inftlcs  luiicli  ulevuted,  Ibe  tipH  tbickuuod  and  liii'iiihriiues 
deeply  incised;  the  tirst  or  l<>tl|;est  spine  iia  loti)X  u&  heiul  j  thts  nixth  or  last 
not  ijiiite  \  head;  middle  rays  of  soft  dorsal  2  in  bead;  dorsnl  and  anal 
joined  to  hiiae  of  caudal;  ciiiidal  nearly  u.h  long  M  hewl;  pertoral  almost 
ryachiiiK  anal,  sliiilitly  loiii;t*r  than  head;  lower  mys  exsertcd,  foruiiug  a 
slight  lube.  Color  redd isli  brown,  ivith  »imall  Hcattered  light  or  bluish 
dots  over  the  body;  fin»  d:irker,  clouded  with  jiale,  tho  dvrsal  hroudly 
edjjed  with  durkiT.  The  Hpecimcu  here  described,  37215  U.  .S.  Nat.  .Mus., 
is  ivbout  5  iucb'>s  \w\%,  from  (ludbuiit,  (Quebec.  Xiinienius  other  specimens 
froiuSiileui  (20307)  and  Woods  Hole,  Miifl.-iachusett.s  ^40118),  H)rrm  with  this, 
the  females  ha\  in^  the  tirst  dur«al  much  lower.  It  ia  generally  common 
along  rocky  shores  from  Newfoundland  tiM.'upoCod.  This  species  ha.s  been 
repeatedly  recorded  nnder  the  name  Lipariti  nioiitayiii,  Donovan,  but  it  is 
not  identical  with  the  Eiiropeuu  species  of  that  name.  The  (lubltshud 
ligiires  of  S.mijnlayiii  show  tL  deeper  6»\i  with  larger  head,  and  with  the 
■piuous  dorsal  very  low,  itud  scarcely  distinct  from  the  soft  rays.  Day's 
figure  Ittoks  remarkably  unlike  our  flab.  rnfortiinat«ly  the  lCuri>pi<aii 
specimens  of  .Voo/t/>ari«  moHlagui  iu  the  Kiitioual  Museiiui  are  all  too  small 
for  satisfactory  comparison.* 

Neoliparit  atlantietu,  JotUiAH  >V  EVEIU(AM\,  now  spenlMi,  Oodboul.  Quebec.    {Typo,  No. 

3T21S.) 
Liiiariii  mimlagui,  CUVIBK,  Rigne  Anini. £4!.  i,  vuL.  2,  227,  IS17:  J0KDA.N  J(  GlLUKBT,  Synap. 

ais,  743,1883.  In  part;  OaJUAS,  IHacoboli,  47, 1892.  with  plute,  and  of  antlion  generally. 


*Dr.  Boulc-ngpr  hai  kindly  tient  iii  the  toUowlna'  note  on  lAparin  montaijui:  I  have 
examiitefi  alKiut  11  fluKen  ol  our  l^ritiMh  Lipnrig  ?ni'nt^ifnn.  of  all  n1/.i«  np  to  5  inclieA.  Tbu 
antorliiT  don>al  liHiku  vnrv  iudlnlliut,  hita  uu  dfucbixl  iwriiuii,  auU  uone  of  its  rays  are 
ever  produced  into  tilainenta. 


I 


I 


2108         Bulletin  47,  United  States  Natitmal  Museum. 


Cyetopttrut  montaeuii,  Tdbtok,  BrilUh  Fauna,  115, 1807;  •fter  DowoVAic. 

Liparit  gobiut,  CrviBB,  Rj<glie  Auim.,  I,  227,  1817;  >R«r   OoMk*.  UCUXK,   ZooL  D>ii^ 

IV,  IS,  16O0. 
CydopUnu  liparoidei,  XlusoN,  I>Todr.  Icbth.  Sosnd.,  42. 

Lfpadogatter  eomubientit,  Thompson,  Proc.  ZooL  Soc.  Lond.  1835,81,  Comvirall. 
Liparit  retifvUUa,  Couch,  Ilrit.Fisli.,  ii,  1S5,  1863. 
Liparis  tittriimi,  LCtkkm,  Vld.  Me<l<l.  Nat.  For.  Kjiibenh.  1865,  221. 
lAparit  tna«ulatut.  Halm,  Fiirh.  Skaiul.  Xatorf.  1865,412. 
Lipari*  montaijui,  with  Tarictics  prineipalii,  tnaeutatui,  annitteftw,  atritUiu,    piebu. 

obteurvi,  liparoidft  and  ekttromi,  Maui,  ISoIinsliina  Fanna,  103,  M77. 
I'rof.  Kolwrt  CuUett  (ChriBtlania  Vidensk.  SeUk.  Forb.,  187t,  38)  has  aaslKoed  saiuea 
to  the  many  (Milor  Tartations  of  Xeoliparit  mmilagui  aa  aliown  in  Norway,  as  foUowa: 
Var.  a.  prinfipalu,  CoUett.  unifonn  colored;  Ugbt  rod  yellow  with  microsoopic  browniali 

dota.    The  oninion  form  from  ChriHtiania,  Stavangvr,  Flor.,  oni<ar  Beiyen,  Komafa- 

bjord  in  Fiuniarkon.    Lipari*  montai/ui.  Halm,  Giitheborg  og  BobtiaUins  Faoiut,  451, 

isn. 

Var.  b.  marulahu,  >Ialm,  dark  grayish  yellow,  the  whole  body  strewn  with  many  rowa 

of  small  bn>wn  upota,  nmallcr  t  lian  th(<  i>ye  and  sharply  defined.    Bokn  «Dd  BohuaUn. 

Liparit  maeulatut,  Malm,  Forb.  Skand.  Naturf.,  9,1863,  412. 
Var.  c.  aitnulatuD,  CuUi-tt,  rcddisli  Krny  yellow,  with  largo,  irregular  reil-browii  rings  oftlie 

same  length  and  brt^adt  b  :  on  sidea  of  bead  tb<- rings  becoming  atripes;  Chiistisnsand. 
Var.  d.  ttriat>u,  Collert,  color  of  e,  the  rings  drawn  out  into  lines ;  the  rings  only  a<wn  in 

front  uf  first  dorsal ;  about  6  longitudinal  re<l.browu  stripes  ftom  gill  openiug  to  osoilal. 

Bergeu.    Lipari*  linealu*.  Malm,  Fiirh.  Sk.  Forb.,  9, 1863,  412. 
Var.  e.  jnetu*,  Collctt,  as  in  ttriatv*,  but  the  lines  verj'  numerous,  close  set,  irregnlariy 

vermiculate,  with  much  cross  netting  or  partial  rings,    liergen.    Finmarkrn. 
Var.  f .  obteunu,  CoUett,  gray  brown  with  many  dark  brown  spots  and  specks  on  body  and 

fins ;  irregular  cross  bands  on  caudal ;  back  almost  uniform  gray  brown.     Hardanger 

FJorxl. 
Vnr.  g.  liparoidt*,  Nilsson,  uniform  dark  gray  brown,  the  color  giren  by  innumerable  dark 

]ioiut8 ;  trace  of  band  at  tip  of  caudal :  paler  below,    Hiurdanger,  OeQord  in  Finmarken 

Tromsii.    Ci/eloplenu  liparoidet,  Nil.h80X,  I'rotlr.  Icbth.  Scand.,  82,  1832. 
Var.  h.  ek*lromi.  Malm,  <l»rk  brown.  Hides  strewn  with  grayish  yiillow  small  spots  which 

I'xtoud  ou  rerticul  tins.    Uuhusliiu.    Lipari*  HUrumi,  Malm,  Fiirk.  Sk.,  Katurf.,9, 

1863,  412. 
The .«e  arc  evidently  mere  color  forum,  expressing  tlio  range  of  variation.     Similar  color 
forms  may  l>e  Keen  in  mo»t  of  the  liright-coloivil  species,  iiulfheUtm,  aga*inni,  aleutirii*. 
'I'lic-y  lire  not  in  any  ]>ro]i<'r  M-nso  sul>s]i<TieH,  liaving  no  geographical  bases  or  seiiarate 
lines  of  descent. 

S44».  >KIM.IP.iUIS  KITTKKi,  C.ilb<rt  &  Snyder,  now  species. 

Head  3j;  deitth  4*.  1).  A'l,  2(>;  A.  23;  P.  30;  oyo  .■>  iu  head;  snont  2$ ; 
vi-iitiiil  disk  1^.  liody  widi'st  at  gill  opening,  griidtially  tapering  post«- 
lioily,  deeiK-'st  below  third  dorual  spine;  depth  of  caudal  peduncle  4  in 
head.  Head  broader  than  deej),  its  depth  at  occiput  IJ  iu  body.  Mouth 
narrow,  its  cleft  ;iliii«st  wholly  traiisverso,  extt'uding  to  vertical  from 
anterior  nostril;  lower  Jaw  included;  teeth  tric-nspid,  the  middle  cusp 
highest,  arranged  in  10  oblique  series  ou  each  half  of  the  upper  and  the 
lower  jaws.  Gill  opening  very  narrow,  restricted  to  the  area  above  haao 
of  pectoral.  Aitterior  nostrils  tubular;  posterior  nostrils  with  n  low  rim, 
the  anterior  part  of  which  is  elevated  into  a  triangular  flap.  Skin  loose, 
lying  in  iolds  and  wrinkles.  Origin  of  dorsal  at  i  the  distance  from  tip 
of  snout  to  caudal ;  rays  of  lirst  dorsal  (in  the  types  which  are  apparently 
all  nialcH)  separate  almost  to  base,  each  ray  bordered  with  a  thick  mem- 


Jordan  and  Evermann, — Fish€S  of  North  America.     2109 


brani',  tbo  margin  iliaa  forniixlsojiietiiiicB  iiicisi'd,  priHlnciutj short,  ronndpd 
lobra;  first  npiae  liimhpst,  its  htM^lit  rontained  4}  in  bcwly,  llio  Hi)cce<><ling 
BjiiiieH  gradually  ffrowini;  shorter,  tlio  sixth  roiitaiiiL'd  II J  times  in  body, 
iioi^rbt  of  ne^'uiid  diirital  ne>iir  ita  middle,  3  iu  head;  doraal  mid  ni)»l 
joined  by  inoiulxraiieH  to  liaiseof  ciindal,  the  nnal  niorr  broadlyJoiiu<4  thnn 
the  dor«a],  altu^-'hcd  1o  boanl  With,  of  lovroitt  ca-udttl  my ;  cniidiil  ronndexl 
poBteriorly,  its  loDjjth  1!  in  body;  origin  of  iiuitl  below  Drst  rny  of  «ev- 
ond  ilarHal;  height  of  aiial  ii  littb'  less  thiin  that  of  durwil ;  pectoral 
t'xtendhip  k»  n  vertical  urosgiiig  body  Latfway  bctwei'H  auiii*  aud  origin 
of  anal  liu ;  lungtli  of  pectoral  5^  in  body,  itn  upipcr  part  rounded  jiosteri- 
orly;  the  (iflh,  sixth,  ami  Be>euthr;iy*  froiri  below  elongated,  with  exaert«d 
tips,  forming  a  nhort  lobe,  l.oiig  diiiiin'ter  of  ventral  disk  6  in  body. 
Vent  slightly  nearer  to  margin  of  disk  thai)  to  origin  of  aual  tin.  Color 
hitiish  Hlntc,  lighter  along  niiiblli!  of  Hitles;  belly  utiil  gill  uieiubranea 
wbiLiflh;  pectorals,  anal,  jhhI  jtosterinr  half  of  dorsal  very  narrowly  etiged 
with  whitt<;  rays  of  lirst  dorsjil  indistitK-tly  burred.  In  the  following 
tnbto  tbo  nieoHnreini-ntaof  3  speciniona  are  oxpressed  in  iiuudredthaof  the 
length  of  tho  body : 


Lfingtli,  In  rainimetera.  to  Iwm  of  caudal  fin. . 

LeUKtli  tif  lioatl  In  body 

lK»pth  <af  Iiiwly ,,,-., ............. 

Dlntanre  froni  anont  t^idoraal 

Dintance  fnini  snout  to  anal 

Di'ptli  iif  caudal  podunolc 

Lt'iintli  of  Hiioiit 

Din  metier  ofoy* 

"Widtb  nf  month 

Width  of  gill  opening 

Height  nf  Brstduraal  ray 

Height  of  ilomal  fln  near  middle 

Rpi);ht  III'  nnal 

Langtli  nf  fMH-lnnd 

Lan^ttidlual  diameter  of  disk 

Length  of  caadal 

Nnmlwr  of  dorsal  raya... 

Xnn>b<-r<)f  nnal  riiya 

Kuiubor  nf  po<'U>ralnya 

Xamber  of  caudal  rays 


Nn.  1.     No.  8.      No.  3. 


37 


KtoUparia  rutteri  is  closely  re  hi  ted  to  the  Atlantic  species,  Xeoliparit 
ailantims.  It  differs  frtim  it  in  tho  longer  bead,  and  tlx"!  (.-onjparatively 
larger  ventral  disk.  The  2  spi-cies  difl'er  from  all  other  known  specieK  of 
lh<}  geuu!i  in  having  tht>  dorsal  spines  in  the  male  greatly  elevated  and  not 
connected  by  membrane  exci-pt  at  extreme  bnse.  From  A'. /wTit  and  JV. 
grecni,  N.  ruUrri  dVtlers  also  in  having  a  uinch  Bmaller  gill  apeuing  and 


f 


2110  Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


fc-vrer  dorsal  rays;  and  from  N.  mueosut  in  baying  the  pectoral  more  deeply 
notciied  and  the  anterior  nostrils  with  a  tube.  Kadiak  Island,  Alaska. 
Known  Trom  nuuicruus  Hpecinicns,  the  longest  61  mm.  in  length.  (Gilbert 
&  Snyder.)  (Named  for  Cloudslcy  Rutter,  now  of  the  U.S. Fish  Commis- 
sion who  collected  in  Kadiak  in  1896.) 

Jieolipari*  rutleri,  KnJiRRT  &  Ss'vnKK,  MS.,  Fiahea  of  KadUk,  Ueah  Bay,  KadUk  Island. 
(Coll.  Cloadaley  Kntter.    Typo,  No.  5701,  I..  S.  Jr.  Univ.  Mns.) 

8444.  XKOUPABIK  CALLTODOX  (Pallaa). 

Head  3i! ;  depth  4i.    D.  Vll,  33;  A.  26;  pectoral  31;  candal  14  to  16;  eye 
6i ;  Hnout  '2i ;  i>ectoral  1| ;  ventral  disk  2i| ;  caudal  2.    Body  moderately 
elongate,  compressed  posteriorly ;  depth  of  head  If  in  its  length,  breadth 
H ;  month  rather  large,  the  maxillary  buried  under  the  skin,  reaching 
slightly  past  anterior  edge  of  eye;  teeth  small,  tricuspid,  in  about  8 
obli<iue  rows;  snout  blunt  and  rounded;  interorbital  space   wide  and 
slightly  convex;    posterior   nostril  ending   in  a  short  wide  tnbe,   the 
anterior  much  smaller;  behind  the  posterior  nostril,  over  anterior  edge 
of  eye,  is  a  mucons  pore;  length  of  gill  opening  twice  the  diameter  of  the 
eye,  its  lower  third  in  front  of  pectoral,  extending  down  to  the  second  or 
third' ray;  vent  about  midway  between  posterior  edge  of  ventral  disk 
front  of  anal ;  pectorals  short  and  broad,  with  the  usual  notch  below, 
reaching  slightly  past  vent;  ventral  disk  a  little  longer  than  broad,  its 
distance  from   tip  of  lower  Jaw  equaling  its  diameter;  origin  of  dorsal 
directly  over  vent,  a  shallow  notch  sejtarating  its  spines  ft'om  its  rays; 
front  of  ana]  much  nearer  snout  than  base  of  candal,  directly  under  dorsal 
notch ;  dorsal  and  anal  scareely  joined  to  caudal ;  caudal  long  and  slender, 
rounded  behind.    Among  our  8])ecimen8  are  2  types  of  coloration ;  the  first 
is  uniform  light  olive  brown  on  lia<'k,  white  below;  fins  all  colorless;  the 
other  is  light  brown  on  back  and  sides,  everywhere  spotted  with  blackish 
spots  irregular  in  si/e;  lower  parts  light;  pectoral  with  indistinct  dark 
cross  markiii>;s;    dorsal  and   anal  mottled   and  spotted  with  blackish, 
darker  posteriorly;    caud.il  very   dark,   black   posteriorly;    lips   dusky. 
Coasts  of  Alaska  and  liering  .Sea,  west  to  Kamchatka;  generally  common 
on  rocky  shores;  recorded  from  St.  I'aul,  Kamchatka,  Plover  Bay,  Siberia, 
Unalaska,  and  Kadiak  ;  our  s])ecimcns  from  the  2  islands  lost  named ;  the 
description   from   Unalaska  specimens    collected    by  the   Alhairo»s,  the 
longest  5  inches  long.     This  sjiecii-s  is  evidently  the  original  CyclopUtiu 
rallyodoii  of  Pallas,  as  is  shown  by  the  coloration,  the  small  month,  and 
the  rednced  size  of  the  gill  openings.     It  diflers  from  ycoliparit  miu-ogus  in 
the  much  snialh^'  ventral  disk,  the  presence  of  nasal  pa]ulla',  as  well  as 
in  ]«io))ortionH  and  coloration.     ()r<r  AAoc,  beauty;  odovi,  tooth,  from  the 
tricuspid  t«eth  which  Pallas  had  never  before  seen  in  a  fish.) 

Cycloplfrvt  calli/odon,  rAU.As,'  Zoogr.  Itoseo-Asiat.,  UI,  75, 1«ll,  Kamchatka  and  Aleutian 
Islands. 

•The  t'lillowiiiu  m  tlio  siibKtaiio'  of  llic  nrootint  (jivcn  liy  Pallas :  Dorsal  33:  anal  24; 
cntiilii'.  15:  liniiii'lii<Mt<';;:i1t  C:  ilornnl  auil  aiiiil  tiiiH  ((iiitiiiiieil  Dirarly  t«  tlie  bane  of  the  cau- 
dal. Itod y  oblon;;,  (-oiiiprrHHcd  :  the  head  d4'pr<'?.scd :  the  Kniiut  nnich  deiirctiHed,  rouude<l; 
lownrjaw  ini'liidcd.  Toeth  witli  3  distinct  Udu'M;  a  slender  lM»ne  from  tno  eye  to  the  pre- 
opemiliiiii :  gill  opcnluf;8  rwluced  to  luiiatt'  spiiacles.  ou  each  side;  ventral  disk  small 


Jordan  and  Evernw  nn .  — Fishes  of  North  A  nierica.     2111 


UparU  eallifodon,  RCimieK,  Cat.,  ill,  162,  1861 ;  Bean.  Pruc.  V.  S.  ITtt.  Mai.  1881.  247,  271 ; 
JOBDAN  &.  GlLUBBT,'  Sj'DapaUi,  74>9, 18B3. 

2446.  NKOMIMBtK  ■I7C'08VS  (Ayrea). 

Hi'jul  i  ill  leiiRth;  depth  IJ.  U.  VI,  26;  A. 26;  pectoral  29;  cfiudnl  12; 
eye  7  in  hu.atl;  suoiit  3;  voutni]  disk  1^;  pect-or.il  1^;  l<inj?eMt  dorsal 
ray  2;  hi(;lir«t  :iii:il  ray  2;  cuuiliil  1^.  Umly  not  <;rciitly  (elongate,  rathttr 
nilmBt.  iMiiu|>re8«ecl  jio8tt"riorly.  hoMiiit;  ittt  width  well  pagt  niiildle  of 
body;  iicsu)  aliort  ami  tliirk,  brttiulur  than  liody,  ^  Imtf^cT  thitii  hroiid,  its 
length  I'i  times  its  def>tb  ;  nioiUli  ginall,  truncate,  itt*  cleft  almost  entirely 
auh'rior,  Bciircfiy  t'Xtendiiig  hit-i'ially ;  t-nd  of  iiiiixillary  buried  uiidL-r  tho 
iikia,  barely  roacLin;^  In  pye;  iioatrilo  not  uiuliti^  in  tubes;  lower  jrtw 
sligbtly  the  Hliorti3r;  tectli  sbiii'ii,  tniMiNjiid,  thv  uiiddlu  ciiHp  iiiiirji  tbo 
hijrhi'rtt  and  loiigi-utt,  arranged  in  9  obliiine  sorics  in  eueli  jaw,  becouiiiig 
more  «Dd  luoru  oblique  toward  tbeeideN;  intt-rorbituJ  space  luoderiUeiy 
wide,  about  ;4i  in  Lead,  a  Httlu  convex ;  jfill  nlit  Dot  extending  below  tipper 
edge  t>r])ectoral,  ItH  length  ubout  1^  tituea  eye  and  3  iu  ventral  disk.  Pec- 
toral broadly  ronuiU'd  Avhen  spread,  its  notch  comparatively  very  Hhallow, 
it8  tip  reaching  pattt  vent  but  uot  to  notch  in  dorsal ;  veiilral  diuk  large, 
(tliglitly  longur  than  bruail,  i(H  pn.nterior  niurgin  alino.nt  midway  between 
its  jtnterioF  anil  front  "f  anal,  its  anterior  margin  ^  its  Iiiigtli  from 
chin;  doraal  with  a  shallow  notch;  origin  of  tin  over  [loatorior  inaigln  of 
ventral  di.itk,  iu  longest  rays  in  its  posterior  half:  origin  of  anal  a  little 
nearer  snout  thuii  hiise  of  candal,  the  la«t  4  or  o  rays  rapidly  shortened, 
iiniking  the  tin  truncate  behind  ;  di>r.sal  and  atinl  sciireely  juiticd  to  eaitilul ; 
cniidal  long  and  Hlendcr,  rounded  behind.  Color  olive  brown,  light  below; 
indistinctly  mottled  ;  dorsal  and  aiiAl  darker  at  their  margins;  pftturald 
uniform  dark  brown;  ciiudal  light,  with  iudistiuet  cross  tines;  lips  dark. 
Coast  of  Culifoniia.  Here  deiciibed  fruu  the  only  (tpet-'imen  kuovvu  to 
HB,  n  inche.s  in  length,  from  near  .Sau  Francisco.  It  is  uow  in  tho  collec- 
tion of  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences  (No.  360).  Colleetetl  by  II.  D. 
Dunn,  ofFSan  Francisco.     (»imcos«»,  slimy.) 

Liparis  miioottu.t  Ayhkh,  Pror.  Cal.  Ar.  ,Scl.,  1. 18.13. 24,  San  Francisco  (Cull.  W.  O.  Ayna) ; 
OOirrnsB,  Cat..  III.  559. 1861;  STKl.NDACBNKli,  Iclttb.  Iti-itr,  in,  54.  1875;  Joki>a^  &  Qil- 
nBBT.Synopaia, 744, 1883{  dencriptioQ  rnpieil  from  STKITiOArHMCK. 

Liparii  m»eotm.  <rARM AN,  Uiftcoboli.  53, 1S92.  vHli  plat«K,  UgiircH  anil  iloacripUwD  In  part; 
ai'ooiiiit  of  llic  gill  op«iiiugii  upparently  tiikcn  from  Liparii  flortr. 

yeoUpari*  mucotJtt,  JuUbJtN  A:  Stabkb,  Proc.Cul.  Ac.  Sii.  181)5,  B;I2,  pL  XCV, 

S440.   XEOLIPABIN   FLOB.K,   .Turdaii  &  Storka. 

Head  3j|  in  length  of  burly;  depth  ut  ventral  disk  5^;  depth  nnder  mid- 
dle  of  soft    dorsal    4A,     U.  V|,27;  A.  21    to   2:<;  caudal   I.");   peeloial    UIJ; 


lietweao  lite  br&ni-liioat^gaU:  ilonal  iMimnirnuin):  a  bUlo  l>ehluil  Die  jiill  nfwniBg.  Vnl- 
Icm-iHli  hniwn  slmvc;  Hkiii  everjwliere  wltli  liniwii  rlritu:  aatlrerv  utrvak  from  tJie  upper 
^i)w  tlinmtjh  lb«  »v«  ami  <i|H>rc'li<a.  Kuuiulmtka:  vummun  alouK  the  aborvs  aud  atraut  I  lie 
(Alenlianl  Iii1:iiicIk      <l'ultaa.) 

*  Uo'Sciilioil  from  h  Minnll  Hpwiiivpii  willi  iiijureil  lin.'t  latelv  re«xaniiiit><l  by  its,  in  (hn 
col]«!H;lkiD  uril)f)  Alnaka  Coniiuerrlat  (Jo!ii|>a»v.  I'nAliiAliu.     {Cull.  A.  (jreunehfitiiii.) 

t'l'he  (IfHiription  nf  Ayrt^a  jh  not  rrry  fall  anil  miizht  apply  alinoat  ih)Uu11.v  well  tu 
LiparuiJIorte.  The  mTiuint  of  tho  lifad  (4  in  leujilh)  iiml  tlio  eye  (nearly  B  in  liead)  puiut 
riitliCT  Co  llio  preKcnt  apt-iict  iia  ilues  nUo  the  il(M<.ori|>lion  of  tlie  lax  skin.  St«iiiilnelinor'» 
at'c'iiniil  NHUinn  alHi>  t^i  nrfer  to  tin;  prcaeat  H|HM-)ca,  aUluiu^ti  few  iif  ttic  really  iliatiiictivo 
cliaraLlcra  .in'  iocuUuii(.tl  by  Ului. 


2112         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


eye  7  iu  heiMl;  interorbital  space  2f;  maxillary  2} ;  p«ctoral  Ijf;  -ventral 
disk  2^.     Hody  moderately  eloiigat«>,  much  compressed  posteriorly,  abont 
n«  wide  as  deep  anteriorly,  its  greatest  depth  under  middle  of  soft  dorsal 
where  tb(>  back  is  elevat«d.    Flesh  very  firm,  the  body  retaining  its  form, 
the  skin  loose  but  not  llaccid.     Ueiid  small,  the  nape  not  produced ;  month 
moderate,  the  maxillary  extending  to  below  the  anterior  margin  of  orbit; 
Jaws  Bubeqiial ;  teeth  tricuspid,  arranged  in  series  which  are  nearly  trana- 
Terse  on  middle  of  jawK,  becoming  more  and  more  obliqne  toward  the 
sidett,  the  outermost  series  nearly  parallel  with  the  sides  of  jaws ;  nostrils 
ending  iu  a  short,  wide  tube;  gill  opening  short,  extending  downward  to 
about  the  lifth  pectoral  ray,  it«  length  about  |  interorbital  space;  oper- 
clc  ending  in  a  flap,  which  extends  over  middle  of  gill  opening;  ventral 
disk  slightly  longer  than  wide,  its  distance  from  tip  of  lower. jaw  IJ- 
times  its  length;  vent  ciiuidistant  from  posterior  edge  of  ventral  disk 
and  front  of  anal ;  Hkiu  thick  and  not  very  loose.    Origin  of  spinons  dorsal 
a  little  in  front  of  the  vertical  from  vent,  its  distance  ttom  snont  3  in 
length  of  body ;  antiTior  part  of  dorsal  separated  by  a  notch ;  origin  of 
anal  about  equidistant  from  snout  and  base  of  caudal  fin;  some  of  the 
lower  rays  of  pectoral  produced  forming  a  notch  in  the  lower  posterior 
margin  of  fin,  the  fourth  to  the  tenth  of  the  upper  rays  the  longest,  form- 
ing a  rounded  point  behind,  extending  Hlightly  pant  the  vertical  from  snout; 
dorsal  and  anal  scarcely  connected  with  the  caudal;  caudal  long  and 
slender,  rounded  behind.    Color,  a  uniform  dark  olive  green,  under  part» 
white,  a  light  streak  medially  along  back  from  dorsal  to  occiput,  a  light 
spot  over  opercle ;  pectoral  light  at  base,  dusky  behind ;  other  fins  colored 
like  the  body;  lips  white.    The  specimen  described  above,  4  inches  long, 
taken  iu  rock  pool  on  Waatlda  Island,  Neah  Bay.    A  second  specimen, 
about  5  inches  long,  is  in  the  museum  of  the  California  Academy  of  Sci- 
ences.    It  was  collected  off"  San  Francisco  by  Mr.  H.  D.  Dunn.      In  this 
sp(?rimen,  the  dorsal  rays  are  VI,  27;  au:\\  2h;   pectoral  30;   caudal  15; 
teeth  blnnt.     Flesh   I'lrni;   form  and  color  of  the  young  example  above 
described.     San  Francisco  to  Pugct  Sound.     (Named  for  Mrs.  Flora  Hartley 
Gr<;ene,  then  assistant  curator  of  the  museum  of  Leland  Stanford  Jr.  Uni- 
versity.) 

Liparit  etjelopvt.  JonDAN  &  (jlLBKRT,  Synopsis,  743,  1883;  not  Gt'NTHKB. 
NeoUparh  fiiyrte,  Jordan  &  .Stauks.  I'roc.  Cil.  Ao.  Sci.  1895,  830,  pi.  96,  Waadda  Island, 
Neal.  Bay.    (Tyi.e,  Xci.  3133.  L.  S.  Jr.  ITniv.  JIus.    Coll.  E.  (,'.  Starkg.) 

3447.  >C0LI1>ARIS  (JREEM,  Jordan  &.  Starks. 

He.ad  3*;  depth  4;  depth  at  disk  5.  D.  VI,  34:  A.  30;  pectoral  35; 
caudal  1.5;  eye  small,  about  10  in  head;  snout  2J;  longest  pectoral  ray  1}; 
disk  2.V ;  longest  dorsal  ray  2,1; ;  longest  anal  ray  2^ ;  caudal  1}.  Body 
elongate,  posteriorly  compressed;  pi-ofilc  undulate,  over  snout  blunt  and 
rounded,  dejiresscd  over  eyes,  well  rounded  from  eyes  over  occipital  region. 
Skin  thin  and  exceodiiiftly  loose  nearly  to  the  end  of  the  dorsal  and  anal 
rays.  .Jaw.-t  eipLil ;  maxillary  exti'nding  to  posterior  margin  of  eye;  teeth 
small,  nearly  simple,  depressiblo  and  blunt,  slifjhtly  hooked  back,  an-anged 
in  oblique  series,  those  in  the  front  running  nearly  straight  in,  but  toward 


Jordan  and  Evermcmn. — Fishes  ef  North  America.     2113 


the  RidirB  of  the  jaw  they  );row  more  and  more  oh1i<|n«  till  th«y  are  neftrly^ 
panill(>l  witli  the  jaw  at  the  sides;  anperiur  pharyngeal  teeth  i-onical  and 
shiirp,  slightly  lou)j;er  th.iu  the  teeth  in  tlic  jitwH,  urrati>:i>d  in  u  sin^^le 
roiiuti  pii.ti'h  on  each  siilo:  inferior  pharyiigi>al8  Hcpiirut«,  with  aiiiall  te«th. 
(Teeth  prohnldy  trii'uapiil  in  the  young.)  Postorlor  nostrils  in  a  short, 
wide  tiilie;  cheekM  well  rounded:  gill  rukers  short  nnd  thick,  no  longer 
on  the  outer  side  of  th«"  first  arch  than  on  the  other  arrhea,  fonrth 
iirch  nut  free;  i^ill  Mitt  short,  itH  length  contained  nhout  3  timcH  in  heail, 
its  lower  cdgis  extending  iii  front  of  [lectoral  to  ationt  the  third  ray; 
ojicri-les  with  a  blunt  spine  which  in  eoven-d  hy  the  skin.  Dorsals  2,  non- 
necti'd  hy  a  low  memhrune;  first  dorsal  abont  twice  na  \\\^\x  oa  anterior 
part  of  second  dorHiil;  the  tirst  rays  of  pectorals  in8rrt«<1  under  eye  and 
in  front  of  disk;  the  anterior  rnys  short,  |c;radnntod  to  the  sixth  ray, 
which  iM  about  4  times  longer  than  the  liri<t,  the  next  few  rays  again  short 
nnd  gradually  lons;tbi>niDg  posteriorly;  poat^trior  raya  \  longer  than  ante- 
rior, tin  broadly  rounded  behind;  ventral  diak  nearly  ronnd,  its  po8t«rior 
edge  reaching  the  vortical  from  gill  slit,  its  distance  from  tip  of  lower  Jaw 
li^  times  it«  length;  candiil  trnncate  or  slightly  rounded;  vent  nudcr  t^nda 
of  pectorals.  Color,  in  alcohol,  iinifomi  brown,  breast  nnd  lower  parta  of 
head  creamy,  tins  slightly  darker.  When  fresh  the  sides  were  blutchctl 
with  pinkish.  Ksquimault  Harbor,  near  Victoria,  Vancouver  Island; 
known  only  from  the  typo,  10  incbiw  long.  (Named  for  Mr.  Aahdown  H. 
Oreen,  of  Victoria,  preaident  of  the  Natural  History  Society  of  thot  town.) 

Stolip^ri*  ffr*fni,  JorpU*  &  St.*RK»,  Pro«  Cat  Ac.  Sol.,  18»S.  B».pl.B«,  Victoria,  Van- 
couver Island.     (Type,  No.  3010,  L. 8. .Ir.  I'dIv. Mo*.    Coll.  Aalidown  H.  UMen.) 

8448.  SEOLIFARIS  FISSDR&TDH,  Starka. 

Head  3i  in  body;  depth  4i.  D.VI,28;  A.2«;  P.36;  C.14;  eye7inhc»d; 
maxillary  2i;  ventral  disk  2|.  Body  moderately  elongate,  not  produced 
at  nape;  month  rather  large,  the  maxillary  extending  to  below  middle  of 
eye;  jiiws  xube>|ual;  teeth  tricuspid,  arrnugud  in  about  10  oblique  series 
ineachjiiw;  nostrils  etidiug  in  short,  wide  tubes;  gill  openings  wider  than 
in  any  other  kno^vu  Sroliparit,  commencing  »  di;ttauce  above  pectoral  abont 
equal  to  the  diameter  of  eye,  ending  about  oppusiU-  the  foarteunth  ray;  ven- 
tral disk  .'1  little  longer  than  wide,  itadist^noe  fromchineqnaltolf  its  long- 
est diameter,  its  posterior  edge  about  the  same  distance  from  front  of  annl; 
vent  nearer  annl  than  ventral  disk,  ita  diotance  from  anal  equal  to  i  ven- 
tral disk.  Origin  of  spinona  doraal  at  the  vertical  from  midway  Imtwccn 
vent  and  ventral  disk ;  dorsal  scarcely  joined  t<>  caudal,  annl  very  slightly ; 
frrmt  of  anal  nearer  chin  than  base  of  caudal  hy  a  distance  equal  to  ven- 
tral disk;  pt^ctoral  rather  short  and  wide,  reaching  to  opposite  front  of 
anal,  the  lower  lobe  very  narrow  and  long,  much  longer  than  upper  lobe, 
but  not  reaching  so  far  post<-riorly  on  account  of  the  oblique  position  of 
the  fin;  tip  nf  lower  lobe  reaching  to  vent;  length  of  caudal  1}  in  head. 
Color  dusky,  darker  above,  aides  with  lino  pnnctnlations;  belly  and  umler 
parts  of  head,  except  chin,  white;  lips  dusky;  iloraala  ami  anal  darker 
than  body;  pectoral  dusky  at  l>:u<e,  the  lower  lobe  dark;  caudal  croaaed 
with  wavy  dark  lines.    This  apeciea  diO'ers  from  the  other  speoiea  in  thia 


2114  Bulletin  47,  Untied  States  National  Museum. 


gcnns  in  having  a  'vfider  gill  opening,  and  in  variona  minor  ohaTact«rs. 
Length  2}  incbuB.  Puget  sound;  only  the  type  known.  (Starks.)  (^ft- 
twatus,  Hplit.) 

Neoliparit  fiiintrtUiu,  Starks,  Froo.  Cnl.  Ac.  Sci.  1896, 54M.    (Type,  No. SOU,  L.  S.  Jr.  Vnir. 
Mu8.    CoU.  E,  C.  Starks.) 

785.  LIPARIS*  (Artedi)  Soopoli. 
(Sea  Snails.) 

Liparit,  ARTIDI,  Genera,  117, 1738  (nonbinninial). 

Cyetogatler,  Gronow,  Mnseiim,  1763,157  (nonliinomial). 

Liparit,  Scopou,  Intrml.  Hist.  Nat.,  453, 1777  (Ztparu). 

Liparit,  CuviER,  KAgne  Anim.  Ed.  I,  1817  {liparit;  not  Liparit,  Oohienheimer,  1810,  a 

geona  of  Lepidoptera). 
Oyelogatter,  Gromuw,  Cat.  Fishes,  Ed.  Gray,  40,1854  iliparit;  not  of  Maoqoart,  I8M,  a 

gcDos  of  flics). 
Aetinochir,  OiLL,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Pliiia.  1864, 193  {major). 
Caretiparit,  Gasman,  Discoboli,  56, 1892  {agaitizii). 
Lyoliparit,  Jordan  &  Evbrmann,  Check-List  Fishes,  4S1, 1896  (ptUchellut). 

Body  rather  elongate,  covered  with  Rmooth  skin,  which  is  nsnally  freely 
movable;  head  short;  flattened  abovo;  mouth  horizontal,  the  jaws  equal 
or  the  lower  jaw  included;  teeth  in  several  series,  close  sot,  always  more 
or  less  tricuspid,  the  adult  with  the  outer  oiisps  often  worn  or  obliterated; 
maxillary  covered  by  skin  of  preorbital  region;  anterior  nostrils  tubular 
or  not;  ventral  disk  well  developed  on  the  breast,  its  front  below  or  behind 
the  middle  of  the  head,  its  surface  with  13  lobes;  an  anterior  median  lobe, 
and  1  corresponding  to  each  of  the  6  rays  in  eacli  fin ;  each  lobe  with  a 
horny  papilla  covering,  which  is  sometimes  lost;  vent  well  behind  the 
head,  about  midw.iy  between  tlie  sucking  disk  and  anal  liu;  dorsal  fin 
continuous,  uudividod,  its  spines  not  <lifiVrcntiatcd;  Ciiu<Ial  well  de- 
veloped; dors.al  fin  free  from  caudal  or  joined;  pectoral  1)roa<l,  procurrent 
at  l)a8e,  omargiuato  and  free  at  tips,  some  of  the  lower  rays  produced ; 
vertical  fins  enveloped  in  the  lax  skin;  vertebra;  3.T  to  55.  Northern  seas 
near  the  shores;  the  species  less  arctic  in  distribution  and  in  general 
inhabiting  sliallower  water  than  is  Mie  ciiso  with  Careproclun  and  Para- 
Uparis,  a  fact  associated  with  the  reduced  number  of  vertebra-  in  Liparit. 
The  species  are  nTimerons,  but  in  general  well  defined,  their  characters 
varying  With  age.  In  most  of  the  species  cidor  varieties  occur,  several 
(^pulcliillns,  liparit,  ali-iilirns,  afiaHsizii)  having  the  body  often  marked 
everywhere  with  concentric  curved  stripes  or  rings.  (XiTiapoi,  sleek- 
skinned.) 

Concerning  the  species  of  Liparit  (iudnding  Xcoliparis),  Mr.  Garman 
observes : " 

The  finboa  placed  in  thi!*  gennH  arc  inoatly  nmall:  in  goni'ral  their  outlines  resemble 
thoHc  of  larval  anurnus  hittrucliinnH.  The  anterior  porlioii  of  the  bo<l.v.  rontsining  the 
abdoniinnl  chambrr,  in  u.snally  xhort,  broad,  flntt<'noil  buno.illi,  and  somewhat  angular 


*  Knanlioliparis,  VaiUant,  is  based  on  jiaViilnt.  an  Antarotie  8i)cc)es  with  the  pectoral 
very  narrow  and  not  emurgluate ;  would  seem  tci  lie  distinct  from  Liparit. 


Jordan  and  Rvermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2115 


tnwRnI  the  dornal  lln,  irliUci  the  hinder  p«rt  U  elanfjate,  mncli  comprvMied,  and  tapering. 
Thfv  more  Inipnrfant  of  tlits  (lintini;uiahin|^  featur&it  nx&y  tic  .^uiuiiinrlKt^d  an  fiilloiVH:  Hoiid 
H?iiirt,  broad,  rniimluil ;  Bnuul  tliurt,  blunt ;  nioiitb  auti-rlor:  llpa  iliAlhiit;  U'elh  Hmall, 
uuiubruna,  lii  i>  cardlfurm  baud,  (rk'iiKpbl  on  lutcriiiaxiIlurit.'H  nod  di'iitnry,  niinple  ou 
pkuryujfCiLUi;  eyea  liit^^riil,  8nin11  to  iiiMlhiin;  noHtriln,  1!  im  encb  Hid«,  with  nhtirt.  projcot- 
log  tubes;  olfactary  iixrvnrthort:  brain  i-loiigntr :  glunwihyid  riuliiucDtory  oruliM^ut :  gilla 
3  double)  aod  1  •inetn;  gill  Rtkera  with  d«'iitti-UtA;  iMotidobrant'liiiT-  |>r(^»i'nl',  gilloiwuinK 
iiDall,  abovfi  th^  pe4*(oral;  brntirbl'iHtc^iit  raya  6;  braiirblol  mt«iubrui)('s  not  free;  tulies 
und  prirrft  ni  the  lateral  HyAtein  forward  uf  tbe  ^ill  apertures;  dorsal  and  anal  elon^ati*. 
moTo  i>r  Iran  rloaely  uoit«d  wllb  tli<^  i^iuulul,  wllli  rtumi-  uuturior  raya  iiime);tiient«<! .  por- 
lorulit  Uniad.  iiToenrrent  andrr  tbc  lliroiiti  rviitnila  Irumtfunopd  Into  an  wlbvaiTc  diak, 
HJtiuitail  liel'iw  tbe  p:ll]»  Iwtwoeii  tbe  pcu't^orals;  Mkhi  thin,  InoHidy  uttju^bed,  nnioutb,  4*xri'pt 
In|£  11  Hoxnnl  unli^roKtb  ou  inalt>«  in  brMvling  8<'iif40D;  atomarb  laipbona);  pyliirif'  t-ii'oa 
iiiirneroiii:  IntuKlinc  etoiigtttu;  urinary  bladder  largo.  Kimjdv:  kidniiyit  lon^,  fniM-d  n  por- 
tinn  nf  their  Irnglh;  llviT  lar^c.  -^llli  (inrlial  diTiHioim  into  lobra:  irall  bladdrr  Kninll, 
ronndei);  Hknlcton  not  h<-avlly  DHMiriod,  Ibam  In  deep-spa  fnmia;  ttpfier  limb  of  preopt-ri'ii- 
turn  I'XiiauHed  backwanl;  opofL'ulniik  small;  HnlwpL'n-ubLni  narrow;  inti'n.ipL<rriibiin  nlnii. 
gate,  ulyUfiiriri:  third  HiilioTLdlal  prcMlULCd  bwkwanl.  in  a  binUi  sli'iidcr  pro<'rii»,  to  tht> 
binder  edgo  of  the  pri'OiH>rciiliim. 

The  gpeciea  nf  I.t;>arL«  Inhabit  Ike  rolder  WBt«ra  of  tbe  iiorili  and  of  lli<-  aiiiitbof  Imlh 
Atlautlt'  and  Pacific,  rancing  to  ;:n'at  dnpthR.  Among  thoae  )'re<|ui'ntiDg  llx'  Hbon<«,  if 
not  alas  thenfhera,  vegfitation  (UHiniH  to  fomi  u  portion  of  llie  food.  Thp  ronleiilH  o'  the 
stotDarbn  art^  iniscellaniHmg  Iota  of  imall  inniino  animals  (urn«tu<-ea,  worn)ii,  niolliL^kB, 
■mall  Aaliea,  etc.),  mixixl  with  which  art' <jimolltie«  of  aeaweeda.  Some  variation  cxUtx 
in  regard  to  feeding  haint-n  among  the  dilVt^rrnt  apecLett.  The  ti*6th  of  flouie  h]i[>w  no 
■ignsof  wear  from  hnrd  f»<>d, butin  L.  MwifMtiu  thoy  oru  ground olT and  blunted,  no  doubt 
by  contact  with  the  luinl  Mbellnd  crn.ilaieu  itud  baiilncidod  agnnoid  tlaliiK,  n^inaini*  of 
whirh  are  fKuiid  in  the  •tntnncliD.  Very  likely  />.  j>uirArlI«»  tiiriin  bin  |hm  uHiir  oncnit  t<i 
nccount  by  nuiting  in  the  luiid  or  ^and  ainoug  tbn  pluiila,  or  iti  luniing  over  tin*  pebldoa. 
Cerlnin  «|ieniea  are  &tt«<l  for  a  Ufe  la  bfida  of  Maweed,  othen  are  probably  more  abuniUnt 
in  roi'ky  plMea. 

LiPARts: 
a.  Vertebrie  In  tnnderato  number,  abont  3S;  donal  raya  about  SS ;  anal  rays  27  to  30. 
h.  GUI  opcnJn^H  very  tiiuTow,  entirely  »tK>v6  bane  uf  pccloritl:  peoturnl  niyx  fromM 
to  37:  bead  u  little  ghurtxr  than  brDad.and  a  little  longer  ilnui  decp;  dorsal 
and  anal  slightly  .joined  tncaudal;  caudal  narrow,  ita  ruyti  12.     I.ipari»,  IKiS. 
Hi.  Gill  upeolngs  broiid,  tbi^  tower  part  cooHiderably  below  baHo  of  npper  ray  of 
peot«nil. 
a.  Pectoral  rays  30;  head  low,  flattisfa.  \  longer  than  hmad,  (  broader  than 
deep:  Jaws  subeq u'al :  dorsal  free  from  caadal,  which  is  slightly  Jotbed 
to  anal;  caudal  narrow, of  12  rays.  c'rcL,<}ri'H,  2450. 

et.  Pectoral  rays  41  to  4:(:  head  aborts  not  quite  as  wide  a4  long;  caudal  15  lo 
,  20:  thi>  (lomnl  anil  ana]  slightly  joined  to  its  base.  vdcbnsih,  2451. 

CA]l8tJI>A.RIB  (caps,  bead  ;   IApttrit\ : 
aa.  VertcbriP  .-ilmitt  40;  dorsAl  raya  39  to  14;  nnul  raya  33  to  ;tO;  donal  and  aual  largely 
Juiikful  to  i-uuilal. 
d.  Puelorul  ruvii  30  to  36. 

«.  Gill  opiuiu);  Hmiill,  Its  lower  edge  not  botew  tlrst  ray  of  pectoral;  nostrils 

»mall.  tiiu  lobo.4  nborl  or  absent. 

/.  I'uHlvrior  notitril  scarcely  MiImiIbc;  lins  plain,  not  distinctly  mottled  or 

burri'd;  body  rolinst;  ita  color  plain  lirownisb  or  with  dark  h|n>Is. 

g.  Dorsal  rnys  :ifl  or  4<l:  anal  33:  pci-tnnil  30  to  34.      TrvirATl-g,  24ri2. 

g>l.  llnrsal  rikys  44;  anal  35:  pertnml  37  HEK^cnF.LlMJrt,  2453. 

/.  l'oHt<Tior  noHtril  tubniar,  tins  more  or  1"»8  nioltled  or  barred,  body 

nKjderat-cl^  elongate;  lower  rays  of  peoturai  rather  short,  not^  hejid, 

not  roucbiug  beyond  ventral  dii^k  ;  liody  mottloil  tisiiHlly  with  rtin- 

c«utrie  rings,  auassi/jj,  24M. 


J116  Bulletin  4.7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


M.  Oill  opening  nkther  large,  extending  downward  to  abont  fonrth  ray  of 
pectoral:  nostrils  with  short  tnbes;  lower  lobe  of  pectoral  long,  reach- 
ing maoh  beyond  disk,  nearly  to  vent;  color  blown,  the  body  and  flna 
mottled  and  clonded.  DKinm,  2465. 

dd.  Pectoral  rays  42;  gill  opening  large,  ita  lower  edge  below  upper  part  of  pec- 
toral; body  robnst,  translucent,  covered  with  ronnd  crimaon  spots. 

CrCLOSTIOltA,  %tM. 
(KM.  Vertebre  aboQt  62 ;  dorsal  rays  45  to  48;  anal  rays  38  to  40 ;  pectoral  rays  34  to  37 ; 
dorsal  and  anal  largely  Joined  to  caudal ;  gill  opening  large,  abont  i  its  length 
before  pectoral ;  anterior  nostril  tabular. 
Ltolipabis  (Ami,  to  loosen ;  hiparit) : 

K.  Head  broad,  flattened  abore;  body  rather  elongate ;  sUn  usnaUy  with  wavy 
oonoentrio  longitudinal  streaks,  aometimea  spotted.      pulohbixus,  S457. 
loriKOCHiB  (axTi't,  ray;  x«>.  hand ;  flrom  the  broad  pectoral) : 

hh.  Head  high,  boldly  rounded,  with  prominent  nape;  color  ollvaeeous,  olomled 
and  dotted,  but  without  wavy  streaks.  vajOH,  2468. 

Subgenus  LIPARIS  (Artedi)  Scopoli. 

8449.  LIPABIS  LIPARIS  *  (Linnoius). 

(Sba  Sitail.) 

Head  ^•,  depth  3i;  D.  33  to  35;  A.  27  to  29;  pectoral  34  to  37; 
oandal  12  to  14;  vert.  38  or  39;  ctpca  10  to  13;  branohiostegala  6.  Body 
moderately  stont,  aomewbat  high  on  the  shoulders,  compressed  behind  the 
body  cavity  in  the  caudal  portion,  which  is  deep  and  rather  thick  ante- 
riorly, tapering  rapidly.  Body  proper  about  J  of  the  entire  length  to  the 
base  of  the  tail.  Length  of  the  head  little  less  than  ita  width,  a  little 
more  thau  its  depth.  Suontshort,  broad,  bluut,  nearly  Sitimesin  the  head, 
very  convex  in  the  intemasal  region.  Mouth  moderate,  maxillary  reach- 
ing a  vertical  from  the  eye,  lower  jaw  shorter.  Teeth  small,  paved, 
alternating  in  the  different  rows,  tricuspid.  Lower  lip  interrupted  in  the 
middle,  i  or  more  of  its  length.  The  fold  above  the  upper  lip  with  6  to  8 
notches  below  the  o])euing  of  the  pores.  A  series  of  6  pores  on  each  side, 
from  the  middle  of  the  fold  above  the  upper  lip  passes  backward  and 

*  Prof.  Robert  Collett  (Christianla  Videnak.  Selsk.  Forh..  1879,  No.  1, 42),  defines  the  chief 
color  varieties  of  tliis  species  as  seen  in  Norway,  as  follows : 
Yar.  a.  rM«i/niIu,  (,'ollott:  uniform  liKht  rcddisli  gray,  tlio  dots  microscopic.    Christianla, 

Bnkn.  Siavanger,  Lofoton ;  scarce. 
Yar.  b.   Hrllaluf,  Mnliu :  uniform  light  gr.-iy  brown,  the  iins  with  vertical  dark  oroas 

bands:  dota  larger.    Cbristiania,  Vodso.  etc.    Lt^ari»  «(ei/a(uf,  Malm,  Corh.  Skand. 

Nat.,g,  186:1,412. 
Yar. c   rab/tuctui,  Collett:  almost  uniform  gronml  color,  with  dark  points;  lighl  red  cross 

bamis  on  flns;  botlv  faiutly  mnrblo<l.    Christiauia,  Farsiiud,  Yaranger. 
Yar.  d.  icorpiouies,  Colletl :  color  i)ale,  with  larjte.  irregular,  dark  spots.    Varaneer. 
Yar. e.  mixtut,  ColhiXl:  npoUvd  anilHtriiwd;  dark  apota  on  tins;  along  sides  and  on  fins 

tnterrapteil  dark  strii>e8:  ring-like  lines  on  heail.     Lofoten. 
Yar. f.  dreonix,   Collett:  stri]icd  and  spotletl;    tins  siKitted;    notable  strijioa  on  aides. 

Cliristianaund  and  Lofoten. 
Yar.  g.  tcrijitut,    Cnltett:  Atripe<1,  the  dark  atripes  larger  and  more  conspicuous,   the 

streaks  of  ground  color  lamter.    Bukn.  (,'hrisli.inia. 
Yar.  h.  tineatun.  Kriiyer:  stripeii  with  8t<i  10  violet  longitudinal  Rtrii)es,  alternating  with 

palo  Htrnaks  ot  tlie  ground  color.    Liparit  lijifatut,  Kriiyer,  Nat.  TiilHkr.  1847.  284. 
Yar.  i.  arcticut,  Collett:  uniform  brown:  grayish  golden  brown  with  many  dark  jioints, 

which  make  the  surface  dark.    Troniso,  (<)>it7,ber);en,  Magdalene  Bay.  in  Greenland. 
Yar.  k.  fuKctif,  Collett:  uniform  blackish  brown,  very  dark.    North  Cape,  Spitibergon, 

Greenland. 
As  noticed  under  Neolivarit  monta;iui,  these  variations  seem  to  have  no  taxonomic 
value,  being  products  of  the  immediate  surroundings. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  Anicrim.     2117 


curves  np  lieliitid  tlie  eve;  another  serif s  of  7  on  enoh  Biile  ptissen  from  the 
iiii(lillt)  at'  the  <'liiti  hark  and  upward  toward  tlio  upper  vd>;o  nf  the  gill 
upeniiig.  Eye  Hiiialt,  nciirly  nH  lou^  ua  the  suout,  i-outaiued  <U  timea  iu 
tlie  leujjth  ^f  the  Lend,  ar  h-na  timii  twice  iu  the  louvex  intor()rbitiil 
sparn.  N'asiil  tiibiileH  short :  poaterior  siiiiillor  ht-tween  theeyen;  (mtorioi- 
farther  forwiird,  hirfjer.  A  hirge  pore  is  situated  a  short  distance  in  front 
of  the  iioHtril  toward  tliu  tii)  of  the  snout.  Gill  opeuiugs  narrow,  not  as 
«ide  lis  thi<  eyi",  above  the  baae  of  the  pectoral.  Nape  aud  slmulderM 
liigb.  Cheekp  swollen,  8kiu  amooth,  tlim,  easily  detachod.  Itorsiiland 
anni  lint)  rising  grndiiiilly.  the  rnya  attaining  their  gn-ntest  height  in  the 
hinder  third  of  tht*  leii):th,  iiuit-i'd  with  the  randnl  hy  uieinhmue.  The 
scpBriitioii  of  the  3  tiiis-iH  leuii  tuiirkcd  than  in  .^'.  mo«iagiti,  ao  iniu'h  a<i 
that  it  is  didicMlt  in  «onn>  nihes  to  di^trriiiinp  whether  t-ertiiin  riivs  bolong 
to  the  raudal.  hnrnal  noti'h  bIul11o\>'  or  absent,  most  noticeable  in  the 
hrccdiug  season.  First  rsiy  little  farther  back  than  the  operi'iilar  uunle, 
or  the  hinder  edf;e  of  the  disk;  5  or  (i  of  the  mittvrior  ruys  crooke<l  and 
twisted,  and  without  npparont  Hegineutution.  Evidently  these  rays  are 
Bflected  hy  n  nuptial  (;rowt.h,  which  ia  not  b«  patent  above  the  skin,  on 
the  ends  of  rays,  as  in  other  tipccies.  Iu  tht-  iinaJ  the  lirKt  r;iy  is  about 
opjtosite  the  seventh  or  eighth  ray  nf  th»>  dorsal;  the  fiij  u.xtends  farther 
bsick  than  tlie  latter,  reaching  under  ne;irly  i  nf  the  caudal.  Caudal 
slightly  rounded  juj-stfriorly,  the  lonjiest  mys  bftu^  \  to  i  iti  length  of 
the  head.  Disk  anbi-irenlar,  A  as  lung  as  the  head,  eqnal  the  distance 
fniiu  the  thiu,  kss  than  the  distauio  to  th<i  anal.  Veut  nearly  halfway 
from  disk  to  lirst  final  ray,  which  latter  is  halfway  between  the  Huout  and 
the  hiisf  of  the  caudal.  The  position  varies  in  the  sexve.  The  body  cav- 
ity is  lonKer  in  the  females,  and  the  vent  is  further  hack;  this  applies  to 
alt  the  species.  Pectomla  broad,  deeply  notched  below  the  middle  of  the 
hind  harder;  rays  of  the  lower  ])orti()ii  extending  beyond  the  niembriine, 
a  otmple  of  the  longer  souietiuies  reaching  almost  as  far  back  us  the  vent. 
.\  slight  fold  of  the  skin  unites  the  tins  in  front  of  the  di^k.  Olireto 
brown,  light  to  dark,  jniacticulate  and  eloiidcd,  blotched,  bunded,  ver- 
miciilatej  or  longitudinally  striped  with  darker  and  with  lighter.  In  life 
the  tints  vary  from  lilac  t<i  rerldish  or  yellowish,  with  spaces  on  certain 
indivldualri  nften  nearly  white,  and  every  variety  of  coloni-tion  may  he 
taken  in  a  single  locality.  This  lieingthe  case,  it  is  thought  best  to  treat 
the  striping,  freckling,  banding,  etc.,  merely  uh  marks  of  individual  v.ari- 
atiou,  and  not  jis  characters  indicating  established  varieties.  On  the 
Btri])ed  iipeciniens  the  number  of  lines  vaiy  greatly,  of  the  spotted  ones 
no  two  are  alike,  and  the  same  ia  trno  of  every  other  pattern.  Most  often 
there  are  blotches  on  the  posterior  portions  of  the  anal  and  the  dorsal ; 
frei|ueiit)y  thi-y  take  ou  the  appearance  of  transverse  bands,  as  is  still 
more  often  the  case  on  the  eaudal.  (Garmau.)  North  Atlantic,  on  both 
shores;  north  to  .S|iitKliergen,  south  t^o  Connecticut  and  France;  most 
abundant  iti  Nortliurn  Europe.  Variable.  ''The  specimens  in  the  museum 
at  Cunibridge  were  secured  from  the  C'lieahire  coa.st  and  other  points  in 
(■reat  Hritain,  from  Oatoud,  and  from  various  localities  oft"  tho  coast  of 
MasBacbusetts,  C'onuectiout,  and  Maine.    A  small  speoimeu,   witJi  the 


2118  Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


locality  'OfT  Block  Island,  from  a  pecten,'  that  may  be  positively  identi- 
fied, bears  peculiar  markings:  From  tbe  tip  of  the  snout  a  white  line 
passes  above  the  eye  to  meet  its  fellow  of  the  o])poeite  side  at  the  begin- 
ning of  the  dorsal,  which  is  white ;  and  a  white  spot  as  large  as  the  orbit 
extends  downward  and  slightly  backward  ft'oni  the  eye.  These  marks 
are  very  distinct,  and  they  give  the  8]>ecinien  quite  a  different  appear- 
ance from  that  of  another  of  the  same  size  and  origin,  uniform  in  colora- 
tion."   (Garman.)    (Eu.) 

JAparia  nottrai,  WiLLUOHBT,  Hist.  Plso.,  App.,  IT,  1686,  based  on  a  speoimen  taken  8ep- 

U-mber  15, 1689,  by  Dr.  Johnson. 
Liparis*  Aktedi,  Descr.  Spec.  Piso.,  117,  1738,  after  Willcobbt. 
Liparit  eyelogatter,  Gbokow,  Mus.,  157, 1768. 
Oyelopteni*  liparit,  LiHNfUa,  Syst.  Xat.,  Ed.  xu,  i,  iU,  1766,  Northern  Ocean ;  after  Abtsdi 

and  Gbo.now. 
Cyelopttrv»  lineatut,  LEPEOmN,  Kov.  Comni.  Vetropol.,  xvin,  1774, 622,  White  Sea. 
Liparit  liparit,  Cuvieb,  R^guo  Anlm.,  Ed.  I,  vol.  2,  237, 1817;  Gasman, Discoboli.  57,  1892. 
Oobivi  t)nymemit,  Bok.vatkkbe,  Enoycl.,  Icht.,  66, 1788 ;  after  Lkpecrin. 
Oyelopterut  inuteulut,  Lackp^dr,  Hist.  Nat.  Poias.,  rr,  683. 1802.  near  Havre. 
Liparit  pulgarit,  Flejjino,  Brit.  Anim.,   190,  1828;   GCntiieb,   Cat.,  in,  159;  LOtkkn, 

Naturh.  Foren.  Vidensk.  Metldels,  1860  and  1861, 243 ;  Collett,  Norges  Fiske,  1875,  65 ; 

Jordan  &  Oilhebt,  Synopsis,  742, 1883. 
Liparit  eommunit,  Sabine,  App.  Parry's  Voy.,  1824. 
Liparit  barbMus,  BkstbOm,  Vet.  Ale.  Handl.,  168,  pi.  5,  1832  (D.  32,  A.  32,  C.  9,  perhaps  a 

different  species). 
lAparit  ophidoide;  Swainson,  Nat^  Hist.  Fisl)e8,  II,  339, 1839. 

Jjiparit  lineattu  muUistrialut,  LCtkbn,  Natnrli.  Foren.  Vids.,  1861,  pi.  7  (striped  example). 
Liparit  ttelUttut,  MALM.,Forti.  Slcnud..  Naturb.,  1865. 
Liparit  lineatut  witli  Tariations,  attimilit,  itellatut,  mb/vtem,  leorpioidet  mixtut,  drco- 

nu,  leriplut,  tinfatus,  arctieut,  and/iMctuCoLLSTT;  Vid. Selelt., Fiiih.,  Christ.  1,41. 

3460.  UPABI8  CTCLOPtS,  Gunther. 

He.id  ih;  depth  li.  D.  31;  A.  2;>;  pectoral  30;  caudal  12.  Body 
innch  depressed  and  rather  broad  anteriorly,  deep  and  lunch  coniprosHed 
posteriorly;  head  J  loujcer  tliau  broad  iind  Jr  broader  than  deep.  F'lesh 
much  more  linn  iiud  the  skin  less  lax  than  in  most  species  of  Liparit. 
Operdes  with  a  rather  strong  spine  concealed  by  the  skin ;  niunth  rather 
large,  terminal;  jiiws  siibcquul;  teeth  small,  triciis)iid,  iu  broad  bands; 
eye  small,  (>  in  head;  snout 3,  Ihittish  and  broad  above;  iuterorbital space 
4|  in  head;  ventral  disk  oval,  1'^  in  lieiid,  its  anterior  edge  i  the  length  of 
the  eye  behind  postorbital  maif;in;  gill  opening  moderate,  3^  in  head, 
extending  downward  to  the  third  or  I'onrth  ray  of  pectoral.  Dorsal  lin 
low,  continuous,  not  Joined  to  ciin<lal,  beginning  slichtly  before  anal,  on 
a  vertical  with  vent;  vent  midway  between  edge  of  ventral  disk  and  front 
of  anal.  Pectoral  lin  emar>;inate,  the  upper  lobe  1*  in  lioad,  the  lower  U, 
the  shortest  intervening  rays  3.  Anal  long  and  low,  biirely  joined  to  cau- 
dal. Caudal  \i  iu  head.  Color  olivaceous,  darker  above;  body  and  pec- 
toral fin  finely  speckled  with  olive  brown;  fins  dotted;  bases  of  the  fins 
paler  than  their  tijis;  belly  white.  Bering  sea  to  Puget  Sound,  not  com- 
mon; our  description  from  two  specimens  4A  inches  long,  in   excellent 


'  Garman  K\\va  detailed  Hynouyiiiy  uf  tiiis  species  in  Discoboli,  57,1882. 


Jardaii  and  Evermann. — Fishes  oj  North  Atncn'ca.     2119 


rotirtitidn.  taken  in  Elliot  Hay,  ucar  .Seattle,  received  from  th«  Young 
Niiturulistii'  ^Sol■iety.  They  are  uuriiliereii  Lil2l!  in  tlio  rejfist-er  i>f  the 
Lelutnl  Stttuford  Jr.  ITuivcrsity  Miibimiih.  Thii'  KiuicioB,  not  Laving  been 
previoiiHly  reno){nize<l  niiicc  its  ori;;lim]  il('Hcri]>ticin,  is  recordetl  liy  Dr. 
Gilliert  I'roui  niiahwkB,  iiiid  2  f^jujtjiiiii'nB  from  Brintul  Buy,  Alaska  { .Uhi\- 
IroHK  t>t:itiii]i  '.\'J'M),  dcplli  Hj  riitbnms).  (.iartuao  jiluccs  L.  ryi-la}niii  iu  tlie 
syiiouyniy  of  L.  lalhioilon,  lint  uitr  H])i>rinit'QH  are  imdniilitudly  diHtinct 
I'ruiu  tliu  sperieo  (leKcribed  liy  Gtiriii;iu  under  this  name  (Uiscubuli,  ]i.  M, 
pi.  *\,  figs,  1-6),  from  a  Biiecirneu  said  t<»  ori^iiiiitu  from  8an  I'^aiicisco. 
Our  Altigka  Hpi'cinienji  aro  much  more  Blender,  with  widi-  dfpri'ssed  liend, 
without  nticlial  cievutton,  vvilh  th«<  dorwal  tiu  bt'<iiiinin>;  pualerioriy 
Nlijjhtly  in  front  of  the  vrrtiriil  from  the  vent,  ivnd  the  disk  :<ieparuted  from 
the  vcut  hy  ii  dietanco  lesa  than  ita  own  diameter.  Thu  mouth  is  iilso 
much  Kmaller,  not  atall  nlili'ine,  i<siin>;li'  iniidvaiice  of  vertical  from  front 
of«ye.    Not  yet  ri'Lordrd  frum rulifornia.    (ja-xAo5,  rounded;  nuvc.,  foot.) 

lAparif  cueiopiin.'  OtMTmcu,  Cat.,  m.  1«2.  IHOl,  Esquimault  Harbor,  Vaacouver  Island; 
JoBD&»  i  .STAXK8, 1'riH-.  (:»I.  Ar.  S<1.  li<9.'>,  BIU.  [il.  ST. 

i4St.  MPAKIS  VUi'EXSIS.  iiilb«rt. 


IleadanoS*;  dopthitoij.  D.  V,  30;  A.28«r29;  (.18  or  20;  l'.  HH  to 
39,  Body  modMately  clougatu,  <.'«ni])re«s6d  ;  head  depresst'd,  with  gtlibonti 
finotit  und  ooi-ipiit,  Hcpuruted  by  tht'  depriMsed  tiiterorbital  iiieii,  wbirh 
ftinii!)  a  ahallow  traiicivetde  ^roovu.  Snnut  nut  hlmit,  tl)i<  iiioiith  t«nuiual, 
nearly  horizontal,  with  ini-liidc-d  niaudibl(>,  th«-  maxillary  n-achiag  to  or 
nearly  to  the  verticjii  from  trout  of  pupil,  3  in  heiMl.  Tt*eth  nil  Iricnsjnd. 
Kye  of  moderate  size,  contained  h}  in  length  of  head,  1  to  H  times  iu  hony 
interorbital  wiilth,  1$  times  in  anmit.  Postrrior  nostril  without  tahe,  the 
anterior  with  a  short  tnlu-,  Iosh  than  diitmeter  of  pupil,  liill  slit  rom- 
piiratively  wide,  ita  width  <!t|naliiig  lenj;th  of  miont  and  }  eye,  over- 
lapped by  a  conspii-umis  triani;itlar  prokmjjutioa  of  the  t»percki.  Tin-  slit 
extends  down  to  opposite  tlie  rippei'  third  of  the  pi-ctoral  liii.  Disk  rircii- 
lur,  of  rather  Kniall  si/.e,  distant  from  tip  of  suoat  \i  times  its  o;vii  diame- 
ter, from  vent  I{  tiitu'S.  Itiumetfr  of  disk  2}  times  in  head.  liiHtance 
frum  tip  of  nnout  to  vent  U  to  lir  in  distance  from  tail.  I'ectorals  extrud- 
ing to  a  vortical  midway  betweon  vent  and  front  of  anal.  Lower  rays 
produced,  fornijug  a  narrow  distiuvt  lobe.  First  5  dorsal  rays  spiuoua, 
unaegmuutud,  shorter  than  the  snceeeding  oegmentod  rays,  frum  which 

'The  foUuving  Is  the  arleinul  dpftL'ription  of  lAparU  ef/clopiu:  Bor»al  32:  oiirI  30; 
cnudnl  12.  Cuiifia]  fin  enlirt'ly  frev  frnni  ttorHal  anti  anal;  the  |jitl«r  rumiDenoPA  in  the 
verlirn]  from  tlto  iwvootii  alaraiil  ray:  peutiiitil  iiinf)jiu  wjtii  u  notch,  kumti?  uf  iIiu  lower 
rayH  beini;  prwIui-Ml:  ventral  <Hxk  i>viii«.  it«  Iciicth  Ix-iuK  \>-n»  tliHii  i  <if  that  uf  the 
hrjid.  A  tliio  H|ii'ciicif>ii.  EMiiiiimniilt  flnrlwir.  I'rPimDUi'l  by  Lord  John  KtuiBrll.  ThU 
iipecJM  BgrwH  ill  nearly  uvcry  rcHiMx-t  wltli  LiparU  tuhiurit.  from  wblcli  It  dlffem  iu  the 
Ibllowiiii;  |M»intH  hMiitlcii  1la>-*<?  niHinioiieil :  TIih  cri'ati'sl  ileiith  of  th«  Ijody  i»  ntmrly  #  «f 
the  tiiliil.  thi-  IfiiKtli  of  tlio  heiMl  nearly  J.  Tlii-  nkin  U  foiinlM-r  and  tuorr!  timily  ailiirrrnt 
t«»  the  ImmIv.  I'hn  hnad  in  tij*t  alHi\i»,  tliR  nti]>eor  tbi'  nock  lioin^  scaroflv  fjrolnilicDt.  Tlio 
nostril  Is  i.4lo>rt  tiil>f'.  Hitv.fttixi  iteiirly  miriwiiy  liolwiiii  the  eye  utiil  tfie  iipp<>r  lip.  The 
pecCuml  extends  onlv  lo  tlic  vertical  Ironi  llie'aital  na]>illu,  and  tbc  <I()rKal  (aunl)  tin  coni- 
msaosa  yrt  more  liaekwiinl.  The  tenth  iire  ennui),  wuli  :i  IoImti.  iBfrnorliltal  i-xteDiliiii>  to 
th»  tireiipi'rriiluni.  The  cjulur  is  brow  nUb  ulive,  with  darker  spots,  ttiun'  connplriums  on 
the  iiun  tliLin  uti  tlio  body;  hcU}'  [Mldlah.  Tbo  loiigth  of  the  sp«oiiuea  dtwcribcd  is  'tS 
linua.     (Uiiuther.) 


thc\v  nre  not  separated  by  notch.  ni>rHitl  Hnil  annl  frcMi  froni  tiic  randnl, 
the  liwt  rnys  lioiiiK  rigidly  Bhortenoil.  >:ivinK  a  ronndtHl  cnntoar  to  the 
posterior  portious  of  the  2  fins.  Tnu  itlyl*M4  of  vuloration  arc  oliaervi-*!; 
1  plain  olive  brown,  with  luinutn  dark  j)oint8,  whitish  bplow ;  the 
other,  witli  Dumeroiia  lentitbwise  atrealis  of  Utiht  olive  and  diirk  oliri 
briiwii,  whirh  i>xtend8  forward  on  toji  antl  .sidfs  of  hoail ;  in  both  c«»h-» 
the  bellv  is  whitish,  and  the  liutt  dusky,  mottled  with  darker,  tb«  mot- 
tliugs  forniiu);  indistini't  cross  bars  on  the  caudal  lin.  Numerous  eperi- 
niens  drodtied  by  the  Alhalrott  in  the  i^traits  of  Fuca  (Angust,  IK*! '. 
serro  as  the  types  of  this  B])eoie8.  It  is  probably  the  same  ••  thai 
dvscrilHHl  by  Oamian  as  Lipari*  calliodon,  hiw  description  being  basMl  <in 
specimeus  "said  to  have  been  taken  ncur  t>an  Francisco."  It  is  nut  ovi- 
dent  from  the  text  whether  the  same  speriinena  si-rvod  a*  hasJM  for  tho 
BunrcB  (pl.tj,  tigs.  I  to  .">),  concerninj;  which  we  have  no  inde|ienilFiit  data. 
Thin  loriility  may  be  correct.  The  niinieroits  types  of  Dr.  Gilbert's  nxam- 
ine<l  by  aa  are  in  a  collcetiou  niatlo  by  the  .Hhatrotn,  about  I'ort  Augcb-s 
in  the  Straits  of , Mian  do  Fiica.  It  has  not  liecu  yet  re<'ordcd  from  Alawka, 
Mr.  (Jarnian  identifies  this  species  with  the  caU^oilon  of  rallas,  but  a4'<'Or<l- 
iuK  to  I'iillai*  his  species  had  the  gill  0|»eDiug  rediiceil  to  a  Innate  sjtiraile 
which  is  not  the  ca«e  iu  Liparis  fuccittit.  (fuciHtit,  from  the  Struits  of 
Juan  de  Fnca.) 

Liparit  oMiodim.  Gabxax,  Dittvboli,  54,  1892.  locality  unknown,  thought  to  be  Saa 

Francisco;  not  Cjteloplenu  calli/nrlon  of  I'ai.i-ah. 
I.ipari« /licranj'.OlLnKlir.Kcpl.  l'.i>.  Fisli  Coiuin,  18V3  (1800),  t47,  Port  An<ele%,  Straits 

of  Juan.dc  Fuca,  at  Albatross  Station  3431,  in  loC  fathoms.     (Type,  No.  iMKlo  , 

246S.  LIPARIB  TUXICATl'M.  Reinbardt. 


D.  39;  A.  33;  P. 30;  V.7;  C.  14.  Body  elongate,  snbterete-,  belly  promi- 
nent. Head  thick,  obtuse,  depressed  behind,  convex  in  front.  Monib 
narrow;  the  jaws  e<|ual;  jaws,  Buliorbit..tl  region,  and  gills  with  small, 
white  points.  Kyes  Hmall,  lateral;  nostrilit  4,  tubulate.  Gill  ojteniug 
•uiiill,  linear.  Dorsal  tin  and  anul  united  Iu  cuudnl;  caudal  runeate. 
Skill  lax,  sliiipei-y.  Color  dusky,  the  tlcsh  reddish,  showing  thn^ugh  the 
akiu.  Length  1^  lingers.  (Fnliiicius. )  Const  of  Greenland.  This  ikyterip- 
tiou  ditl'orHl'roiu  IsiU-r  ones  in  itscribiug  more  rays  to  the  caudal,  and  tnbea 
to  the  nostrils.  According  to  Mr.  Giiruiuu,  the  description  of  Lifinri*  fa- 
(iricii,  Kriiyer,  refers  U)  the  »i»me  species.  The  following  is  it*  snbstauea: 
D.  13  +  -27  =  40;  A.  2  +  30  =  32 ;  P.  34  ;  C.  9;  Vert.  4G.  Head  1  in  length, 
higher  thiiu  broad,  tbo  snout  elevated,  truDcat«,  lower  jaw  shorter:  ant^ 
rior  nostrils  simple,  tho  posterior  with  raised  rim  or  with  very  short  tnlte; 
eye  Sin  hi^ad;  leeth  tricuspiil;  ventral  <li8k  elli]itical,  9  iu  length  of  body; 
ilursiil  and  anul  eouuute  with  c.-iudul,  which  is  G  to  8  in  total  length, 
ahovo,  Hbuded  with  bliiish  or  orange,  spotted  with  Iduckish.  pale  In  ;  i. 
Greenland  (Kri'iyer,  deacription  of  Liparit  fahricii),  l.ii>afi»  drr-fina,  QiU, 
is  appnrently  the  same  as  L./ahricii.  The  folli>wiug  is  the  Hiilvstanre  of 
the  description:  Head  4  in  total  length;  depth  2};  dorsal  f2;  anal  34; 
caudal  11 ;  itectoral  :)5.  Forehead  depressed,  snoiit  rather  high  ami  de- 
curved;  the  eyeH  are  just  within  the  anterior  half  of  the  head;  the  iittct- 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  0/  North  America,     2121 


orbitnl  is  contttlnert  3  times  in  the  head  ;  the  .int^^rior  nnKtriln  are  simplo, 
the  iiosterior  tiilmlar;  the  dorsal  aud  anal  are  oonnatu -vrith  tlio  cauilnl, 
the  Ibruier  iiuited  for  al)out  i  of  the  length  of  the  catitlal,  thu  latter  \ ; 
oaiidnl  couvex  behind  and  forme  S  "f  the  lenjrth,  th«  ]>t-ctornl  5|;  vontrni 
•liak  10.  Color  uniform,  rusty  hrown  or  rhestnut,  without  npots  or  banda. 
Port  Foiillce,  Greenland  iMtjU).  Wo  have  seen  no  spevinieus,  and  follow 
authority  in  re|;;ar(ling  FahricioB's  rountof  the  caudal  rayH  us  prolmbly 
au  eiTor.  Onrtnan  usea  the  namn  <nntr<jfii»  instead  of  minor,  apparently 
regarduif"  the  originul  use  of  thi'  latter  iiatiur  as  aiiiiply  that  of  the  u)>je€- 
tive  iueauin<;  ismaMer,  not  as  part  of  the  binoniinul  nomeuolature.  ((uni- 
eatHt,  beai'iuK  a  cloak.) 

Oytlaplrtui  UparU  minor,  KjLDnioir«.  Fnnaa  GrrMilandica,  13S,  1780,  Greenland  ;  D.  39|  A. 
33 :  P.  30 ;  V.  2 :  C.  14  i  not  hlnumiiil,  tniiinr  lieiug  inen-ly  an  ailjvctive.  iiiMining  Hmallor, 

Liparit  tKnicata.  ItBWnABDT.  Orcrs.  Knn^;.  Daooke  Vidensk.  8cl»k.,  vi,  cxi,  1838.  Green- 
land; nrtrr  FabbICIC!?:  GARMAM,  IIIik'uIioII.  SS.  1802. 

Liparitjabricii.  EbOter.  >>aliirh.  Tiilsakr.,  il,  274. 1»47,  Oreenland;  D.  XIII.  27 ;  A.  II,  30; 
I'.M,  C.  »,-  Vert.  4«;  liCMTllwi,  C«V.,  tu,  l«l,  IMt;  (jHX.  Proc.  Ac.  Nat  3cl.  I'ljila. 

ixftt.m. 

LifMirit areliea,  OlLL.  Proc.  Ao.  K»t.  SoU  1804, 191,  Port Poulke. Oreenland;  JoaOAif  AGO- 
UEBT,  S}-nopslB.  712.  1883. 


itii,  LIPiBIS  AfllSSlZIl,  Patman. 

Head  3iti  depth  4.  D.  39;  A.  31;  pectoral  34;  caodal  12;  eye  6  in 
he«<l;  inttrorbitAl  24 ;  snont  '2^',  ventnil  diak  1{  ;  pectoral  IJ;  caudal  IJ. 
Body  elougaU',  ooiuprewsed  posteriorly,  about  as  wide  as  doop  autorioily ; 
head  aa  dti«)p  an  broad,  \  Ion|i;er;  mouth  moderately  large,  the  maxillary 
rt'acbing  slightly  past  front  of  eye;  lower  j:iw  included;  tdeth  amull,  tri- 
cuspid, arraiigi^d  in  8  or  9  obliqne  rows,  which  grow  moro  obliiino  toward 
the  sides;  snout  broad  and  blunt,  slightly  overhnuii^iDg  the  mouth;  noa- 
trils  ending  in  tulMM,  the  anterior  tube  wider  and  longer  tbuu  pOHterior; 
nape  high  and  prominent,  Hcarroly  produced;  ^ill  opening  abort,  it:^  lower 
I  or  i  in  front  of  the  pectoral,  >'\tvnding  downward  to  about  the  nerond 
or  third  ray,  its  length  a  little  grcator  than  width  of  eye.  Ventral  di«k 
slightly  longer  than  broa<l,  it«  distance  6*001  i>ud  of  lower  Jaw  lii  ita 
length,  itti  post^^rior  margin  scarcely  midway  bctweeu  its  anterior  and 
front  of  anal;  vent  nearer  posterior  margin  of  disk  than  front  of  anal; 
pectoral  broadly  rounded  behind,  the  notch  madi>  hs  the  produced  lower 
rays  shallow,  end  of  fin  reaching  to  the  vortical  from  front  of  anal :  origiu 
of  dorMul  just  over  posterior  edge  of  ventral  disk,  its  dif^tance  from  snout 
about  3  in  boily,  slightly  joined  to  thu  caudal' pristcriorly;  origin  of  anal 
neni'cr  to  snont  by  a  distance  iM|ual  to  length  of  nuout  poxteriorly  joined 
tu  thu  caudal,  the  tips  of  thi'  last  rays  reaching  nearly  to  the  middle  of 
caudal  rays.  Color  olive  brown,  in-egularly  marked  with  ilark  browu 
■pots  the  sixc  of  pupil ;  belly  white;  top  of  head  darker  than  liody ;  dorsal 
spotted  like  the  body;  spots  on  anal  in  the  form  of  indiatinrt  bands;  pec- 
total  marked  with  interrupted  irregular  streaks ;  a  wide  dark  band  across 
middle  of  caudal  rayH,  2  or  3  other  narrow  i<treaks  across  caudal.  Hero 
described  from  a  specimen  collected  by  the  Alhatvom  at  Station  3247,  in 
Uristol  Hay,  Alaska,  lu  17  fathoms.  Its  length  in  nearly  3  iuchi'S. 
3030 66 


■Mm 


BuUclin  /7,  United  States  National  Musfum. 


The  folio-wing  is  Garman'a  description  of  a  apecimen  which  wn«  iQinohM 
in  length : 

Head  4}  in  total  lenj^th;  depth  ovor  I.  1).  41  (41  to  44).  A.  S3  (32 
to  ;{.">);  pectoral  38  (35  to  3N);  i-Atidal  VI;  vertebne  46.  i{o<ly  elnupltr, 
rat licr  less  inllated  anteriorly  thnn  tU«  other  LiparidH,  greatly  rompn^Med 
posteriorly.  With  tho  exception  of  the  disk  the  nppenrance  is  very  luiiob 
the  sacue  as  that  of  the  Cott^iids.  Total  leu^h  '1\  times  the  dtstauco  from 
snout  Xa  vent.  Head  modorately  hroad,  deprestu<d  anteriorly,  slii^htly 
convex  iu  trnaHveme  Hectiou  lhn)ii|[;b  the  frontal  region:  anont  hroad, 
blunt,  rounded,  convex,  nearly  4  times  the  diameter  of  iho  eye,  ^  nf  the 
Icnj^th  of  tho  head.  Month  wide,  niaxtlln  extending  behind  a  vertical 
from  tho  anterior  border  of  tho  eye;  nitper  lip  complete,  lower  8cp.arated 
for  only  about  \  the  diHtaiice  from  the  ttii^le  of  the  mouth  to  the  midillc. 
Teeth  Hijinll,  triciiKpid,  with  slender,  somewhat  coiiipressFd  biMce,  eiisuH 
ooiii|>rc8sed  to  nlwirp  e<l!;eH,  outer  map  turned  outward  so  as  to  ](ive  an 
inflated  appearance  at  the  top,  arranged  iu  about  7'i  rows,  ronnttug  length- 
wise on  eiich  j:iw,  or  10  ruwa  transversely,  from  outer  to  inner.  Pharyn- 
geal teeth  simple,  in  2  liutii-hc.i  of  8  or  10  rows  at  the  esophagus  on  tho 
roof  of  the  luuuth,  and  below  these  on  the  tloor  in  2  smaller  elongate 
groups.  Nostrils  small,  tubes  -short  or  absent,  posterior  iKjtwoeo  the  ante- 
rior halves  of  the  eyew,  anterior  in  front  of  these  ubont  1  diamnt<^r  of  the 
orbit,  and  twice  the  same  distance  frcim  each  f>tber.  Eye  small,  lc«s  ttlMl 
\  of  head,  Gills  'i\.  VAW  npeniuK  '^  vertieal  slit,  extending  downward  a 
short  di'ttauie oti  1  or  2  nty;*  only  of  the  base  of  the  pectoral  (not  m>  wide 
aii  iu  L.pitliheiiu»}.  Skin  thia,  loose,  liaekward  from  the  vent  tho  form 
is  muoh  eora|ireaj<ed,  the  lhiekne«8  being  nearly  \  of  the  height,  and  both 
lateral  and  dorMul  ciutliucH  taper  regularly  to  the  randal.  Oorsal.  anal, 
and  randal  tins  eoiilluent,  unal  extending  farther  on  tho  riiudal,  i.  ©., 
more  than  i  the  leugtli  of  the  latter;  dorsal  eomnieneing  above  the  eill 
opening,  at  a  distance  from  the  snout  that  in  contained  in  the  total  leagtil 
witliiint  the  caudal  3;  times;  anal  beginuiuf;  a  trifle  in  advan'-«>  of  the 
mill  leugth.  oxchiding  the  caudal;  |)ect«ral  broad,  not  reaching  the  anil, 
upper  portion  inunded.  lower  friuge<l,  a  shallow  iudent^tiuu  between  the 
two  )iortion.s;  caudal  aiibtruncate.  rounded,  with  rays  more  than  ^  a« 
long  us  the  bead;  ventral  dink  small,  ^  longer  than  broad,  nituated  its 
length  from  the  li|>n,  oc.rujiying  ne4irly  i  of  tho  distance  from  the  8Uoat  t« 
the  first  ray  of  the  au.il,  or  aliout  i  of  the  total  leUKth.  Color  ilark  brown, 
irregularly  marked  with  whitish  or  grayish ;  a  series  of  5  or  tS  spot*,  ea«b 
as  large  n»  th(>  eye,  along  the  middle  of  the  (lauk ;  below  these,  urar  the 
lower  edge,  there  are  indications  of  4  or  o  whitish  blotohes,  re<««Mibliug 
transverse  bnutis;  don^al,  anul,  and  caudal  with  irregular  cli>iuiiug<«  and 
blotches  of  darker  and  of  lighter;  base  of  pectoral  with  a  couple  of  largr 
blotche!<  of  light  grayish,  bsilanco  of  the  tin  freckled  with  n^ht  color, 
head  dark,  somewhat  reddeue«l.  Eutire  leugth  10  incht^i*.  (<tartnaa  ] 
North  Pacilic;  coniniou  south  to  I'nalaska;  the  original  types  abov«  de- 
scribed wore  colleeteil  by  Messrs.  Tierce  and  Smith  at  Sa)(halien,  Chantiel 
of  Tartary;  our  specimens  collected  by  the  Albatront  iu  Bristol  Hay.  Dr. 
Bean's  types  of  LiparU  gibbu*  came  from  Plover  Bay,  Siberia;  others  arc 


Jordan  and  Evermaiin, — Fishes  of  North  America.     2123 


Tftconk'd  from  fualaska,  St.  Paul  Islanil.  off  Iiidiaa  Point,  Cape  Cbapllu, 
ICa«t«ri)  Silifirio,  PotropuulNki,  and  Heriu};  Strait. 

The  following  is  tlio  HiibHtauce  of  tin?  account  of  Liimria  ijibbun  whiuk 
Gai'iudu  iileutities,  apparently  corri'Otly,  with  Liitans  agatiaizU: 

lleail  'H ;  depth  3j.  I).  42;  A.  ;^tj;  I'.  85;  C.  12.  Ilody  aliniptl.v  Pontruct«.d 
uear  the  veut,  uoTt>red  with  lax  Hkiii;  iiitiTorbital  H|>HC<isballow-coiicave, 
the  vertex  and  Dape  flomewbat  elevated :  Hiiunt  di>pri'Riu<d ;  head  its  wide 
aa  loug,  loufrer  than  deep;  nostrils  tubular,  the  tuhoH  of  anterior  nootrils 
lonfieat;  eye  suall,  I  in  head;  ventral  disk  nearly  (■ircolar,  8  in  length; 
vertical  &a»  coutluent;  dorsal  continuous;  loudest  doraal  ruy  i  as  long 
as  bead ;  pectorals  reaching  front  of  aD:il ;  caudal  R  in  hody.  Head  aud 
body  very  pah"  hrowii  or  ^ray,  paler  hclow  ;  head  and  anterior part-s  some- 
tinieti  with  roucentric  brown  rinj^,  much  lut  m  l.ijtnrix  pnivhrll>i$;  Hides 
plain  orinurkt'd  with  Itrowii  tttripea  and  rin^**;  tail  souictiuicM  with  dark 
blotches;  vcrtlrnl  tiiin  usually  with  dark  bauds,  Bering  tjea,  Aloutiua 
Islands,  and  .Siberia.     (Named  for  Pruf.  Louis  Agus«i<e). 

Cyetnftlfnui  Hiinrit,  buicu,  An>Iiui<l.  Finchc,  I,  i»,  1705,  in  part,  Pacifli;  apMimeon. 
t/ifHirin  nijairUii,  Pvnixit,  IVot.  Aiuor.  Aas<H',  .VJr.  Scl.  18T4,  3i0,  Sagbalien,  Channel  of 

Tsrtary  (Coll.  Plurreauil  Smilh)i  GAaKAN,  UiKrolnli.  63,  pla.  l-l,  IHKi. 
Liparit  iiibtnu,  Hkxv,  I'niv.  V.  S.  NiiU  Mai.  1881,  Ui4,  Uoalaska,  S(.  Paul  Island,  Indian 

Point.  Cape  Chaplin,  and    Plover  Bay,   Siberia;  JuBoan   k  lilLBKBT,  Syuopaia, 

Til,  1883. 

84C«.  LIPABU  llBltMCK£LI7lt»,  SoodekL 

lead  3i  in  body;  depth  3|.  D.  42;  A,  .33;  pectoral  35;  caudal  10; 
eye  4^  in  head,  ami  \\  iu  Hnout;  intororhiiul  space  3  iu  head  ;  ninxillary  2 
in  head.  Body  tiwlpnle-liko;  hea<l  rounded  and  very  little  coniiiressed; 
abdomen  slightly  dixteuded;  just  back  of  the  ahduiuen  the  body  is  sud- 
denly comprcHsed  to  ii  width  ei|iialing  jf  't^  height,  and  from  this  point 
the  body  Knidually  tapers  to  the  caudal,  it«  height  and  width  keeping  the 
same  proportions;  the  height  of  the  ba^e  of  the  caudal  ei|uals  the  diaino 
tcrof  tbo  eye;  the  maxillary  extends  to  posterior  edgouf  eye,  and  its  end 
ia  concealed  in  the  base  of  the  skiu  of  the  head  :  upper  Jaw  slightly  longer 
than  lower;  tei-th  tricuspid;  iuterorbit.il  space  llat ;  nape  slightly  ele- 
vated; gill  openings  siuoll;  the  width  of  the  slit  ei]ualiug  (he  interorbital 
b1>im;<<;  the  lower  edge  of  the  slit  even  with  the  llrsi  ])ect<iral  ray;  the 
posterior  nostrils  end  in  very  abort,  compressed  tubules  about  \  diameter 
of  eyoiu  front  of  eye;  the  auterior  uostrils  aresiiuple  ami  jdaced  directly 
iu  front  of  the  )<08i«rior  nostrils  a  distaace  e(|ual  to  |  diameter  of  eye. 
The  dorsal  begins  on  n  vertical  Hue  drawn  from  posterior  edge  of  gill  flap; 
thi<  anterior  rays  lire  short,  gradually  lengthening  till  middle  of  fin  la 
reached,  where  the  rays  e(|iial  2^  times  the  diantet<-r  of  the  eye,  the  last 
rajs  scarcely  shortened  and  uot  forming  a  uotch  at  \la  Jiiuotion  with  the 
caudal ;  last  rays  eucruachliig  on  the  caudal  for  \  of  its  length ;  anal  same 
sba|>e  OH  dorsal  and  of  same  height,  its  last  rays  eiicrouehing  on  caudal  for 
\  its  length;  upper  lobe  of  pectoral  composed  of  2.1  rays,  the  eleventh  and 
longest  ray  U  iu  hea<l;  length  of  twniity-llfUi  ray  4  iu  bead,  lower  lob« 
with  IU  rays,  of  which  the  third  from  the  last,  or  twenty-third,  is  tbe  long- 


Bulletin  ^j,  United  Stales  National  Museum 


oet,  boiiig  coutained  in  the  heiid    2-^^  timM;  ineinbrane  betireen  each  2 
of  the  liiHt  4  rays  iiiciBcd;  caudal  slender,  rounded  bt-hind,  it*  Ir-n^iJi  a 
little  imiie  thiiu  twice  in  lu-ail,     Uiuni^tiT  of  ventrftl  disk  8  in  btnly.      Skin 
very  lo(»e,  nttiirbed  ouly  nt  openiuj^and  to  cads  of  Isat  rays  of  dorsal  and 
«nal  and  to  boiu)  of  citndnl.    Color  dark,  covered  with  tine  |innrtiilatioii;| 
belly  nnd  underBid<>  of  hcitd  free  from  uiurkioga;  Ia«t  h»1f  of  dorval  darker] 
thitu  anterior  half ;  anal  niottlc<l  with  black;  caudal  with  2  bluck  vertical ; 
bauiU,  tbo  tifst  bony  aud  Junt  back  of  tips  of  la«t  dorsal  and  aaal  raya ;  the  I 
•ecuud  band  slender  and  fniot  and  nt  top  of  du.     Arctic  Ocean;  several  1 
specimeus  wert<  taken  at  ilei-Nchel  Ittlund.     The  luii^ost  xpociuien  is  3| 
iachealong.    This  spec te^  is  uenrest  L.  tuniealua  from  tbui-nostof  Greonlond, 
and  appear*  t<>  bo  intermixUate  between  it  and  L.  aga*>i:>i. 

I/iparit  hericheUntu,  SooriBLO,    l-'ixlim  of   Uerscbel  lalaad,  111  Jurdui  X  Oilb«rt,  1 

Fur  Seal  lurixt.,  1H9H,  Herachcl  Island,  Arctic  Oceao.    (Tftw.  Ko-  SMI,  L.&.St~] 
Vai-r.  ilua.    CoU.  N.  U.  SouHvld.) 

24n.'i.  MPABIS  DEHXTI,  Jordan  Sl  Starla. 

Head  3 J  in  length  of  body;  depth 4).  D.39;  A.  30;  pectoral  36;  candal 
12;  oyu  H  iu  htuMl;  maxillary  2^;  snout  2|;  i^ill  o]ieDiug  2|:  upper  pec- 
t4>ru1  lube  i ;  lower  lobo  1^ ;  intervening  rays  2i ;  ventral  disk  2^  ;  hi^heet 
dontiil  rays  2^;  lii^bi'st  iiual  rnya  2^';  laiidul  rays  lt<  Body  moderately 
eluugate,  much  com[ireg8cid  posteriorly,  Hli^btly  so  anteriorly;  bead  mod- 
erate, the  cheeks  and  tiupe  iiruiiiineut.  Mouth  wide,  with  little  lateral 
cleft;  maxillary  exteudintf  to  below  the  anterior  margin  of  eye,  its  end 
ciiveriMl  with  the  skin  of  the  head;  the  lower  jaw  slightly  the  longer;  the 
teeth  tricusi'id,  those  oa  the  inner  part  of  jaw  lar^rest,  arraugetl  iu  abont 
II  sci'iea  in  each  jaw;  serien  nearly  transverse  on  middle  of  jaw.  becoming 
more  and  Uioro  oblique  toward  the  sides,  where  they  are  nearly  parallel 
with  the  sides  of  the  jaws;  int-i'rorbital  wide,  slightly  concave;  nostrils 
ending  in  very  short,  wide  tubes,  the  posterior  over  the  anterior  tuargia 
of  eye,  the  anterior  in  front  of  it  a  diatnuoe  e<)ual  to  the  diameter  of  eye; 
ii)iercle  eudiug  in  :>  sliurt,  wide  spine  covered  with  skin;  it  is  sitoat^d 
slightly  above  the  middle  of  gill  opening;  gill  opening  running  from 
about  the  eleventh  pectoral  ray  tii  a  level  with  the  eye.  Origin  of  dorsal 
slightly  behind  1i:kse  wf  fiectoral,  it4  distance  from  the  snout  'i\  in  length 
of  body,  itH  anterior  rays  short,  gradnally  lengthening  posteriorly,  the 
riivH  from  thu  anterior  third  to  near  the  uud  about  equal,  the  Inst  ray 
obruptly  shortened,  foruiiiig  a  wligbt  notch  where  the  tin  joins  the  caudal; 
posterior  ji  of  cundal  free  above:  aual  Hiuiilur  to  dorsal,  about  the  stuua 
height,  its  origin  nearer  snout  than  base  of  caudal,  about  under  the  base 
lit"  the  tenth  dornal  ray,  posteriorly  it  is  longer  than  the  donutl.  Joining 
thei  caudal  at  about  i  its  length;  ventral  disk  nearly  round,  its  distance 
from  tip  of  lower  Jaw  IJ  in  its  diameter,  1  in  distance  from  vent,  2  from 
first  aual  ray  ;  vent  midway  between  front  of  anal  and  edge  of  disk  ;  opfier 
lobe  of  pectoral  broadly  rounded,  reaching  to  K  of  the  distance  between 
vent  and  front  of  anal ;  lower  lobe  long,  reaching  nearly  to  vest;  caudal 
long  and  xlender,  rounded  behiud.  Skin  very  thin  and  loose  on  boily  and 
head,  covering  the  anterior  parts  of  dorsal  and  anal,  attached  at  about  tits 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2125 


middle  of  rays  posteriorly,  ami  rovei-ing  tb«  bane  of  caudal  riiyB.  Color 
light  brown,  li;;LtiT  below,  thickly  covered  with  iuitiiit«  browu  points, 
which  form  npots  aud  niottlini^H  on  Hides;  iip|)cr  piirt  of  b«ad  dark,  lips 
spotted  with  brown;  dorsal  and  auiil  dark  brown,  ttlighlly  mottled  with 
lighter;  pectoral  lisbt,  with  irre«iilur  browu  spots  and  bars  rniiiiinK  avruwt 
it;  caudal  dark  bruwii,  mottled  at  biute,  2  light  bnnt  crixwing  it  toward  ttn 
eiul,  leaving  a  narrow  po8t«rior  niargia  of  browu.  North  l'acili<r,  sonth  to 
Pnget  .Soiinil;  nnnieronii  specimens  in  tho  ..-J /A(i/ro««  collections  from  abont 
Uualaaka.  (Naiued  fi>r  Mr.  Charles  L.  I>«nny,  of  Seattle,  in  recognition  of 
hiii  active  and  intelligent  interest  in  the  natural  history  of  Washington.) 

Ltimtit  dennui.  .Jukiian  Si  .St.mik.s,  Proc.  I.'al.  Ac.  Sri.  IKIM,  Kl^i,  pi.  OH,  Admiralty  Inlet, 
Pucet  Sound.  (Typ«,  No.  8703,  L.  S.  Jr.  Unir.  Iloa.  CoU.  Young  NatnraUata'  aoclvty 
of  Seattle.) 

84M.  LIPiKIH  CY0LO8TI«XA,  Oilbert. 

f;  do])th  'U.  D.  -U ;  A.  34;  T.  42;  C.  14.  A  robust,  compressed 
"With  broad,  gently  convex  bead,  tlie  Da(ie  rather  elevated, 
comparatively  wide  gill  opening,  a  single  continiioits  dorsal  tin,  the  dorsal 
aud  anal  bromlly  joined  to  the  caudal,  and  the  coloration  peculiar.  I'ro- 
tile  gently  aud  cveuly  declining  from  nape  to  end  of  preniuxillary  pro- 
reaaes,  theoco  descendiugnioro  steeply  to  tip  of  wnout.  Interorbitnl  space 
very  wide,  e<jualinK  length  of  snout  and  >i  of  rye,  1'*  in  bend.  Dl.ttanca 
from  tip  of  snout  to  front  of  exposed  portion  of  eye,  I'l'V  in  bead.  Mouth 
tenuiniil,  broad  and  transverse,  with  but  little  lateral  cleft,  the  2  Jaws 
eijnal,  tlui  lower  not  included.  The  niiixillarj-  is  entirely  bound  down  by 
nkin  of  lioad,  roitchiag  vertical  froiu  front  <>f  pupil,  the  angle  of  uiouth  in 
advance  of  eye.  Bauds  of  teeth  extremely  broiwl,  the  teeth  very  small, 
all  tricuspid,  the  outer  ones  minute,  those  toward  inner  margiu  of  Jaw 
increasing  in  aixo.  The  anterior  series  in  each  Jaw  are  nearly  transverse, 
the  lateral  series  be<'oiuini!  suoce»4sivt<ly  more  nod  more  obU(|ne.  the 
U|)]ierniMKt  nearly  parallel  with  the  jaw;  abont  20  series  in  each  side  of 
lower  jaw,  30  on  each  side  of  upper  jaw.  The  width  of  baud  in  upper 
jaw  eiinals  Jl  diameter  of  exposed  jiortion  of  eye,  which  is  \  length  of 
snont,  ?  iuterorbital  width.  Nostrils  without  tube.  Lower  lip  distinct 
on  lati^ral  j|  or  }  of  mandible.  Gill  opening  wide,  exteu<liug  downward 
to  o])|)osite  ba,te  of  tifU-entli  poetornl  ray,  the  length  of  the  slit  2if  in  bend. 
Upper  jaw  with  a  nericK  of  large  poren;  lower  jaw  Hhort,  with  few  pore". 
Disk  lar^e,  ubloug.  it«  lougitndiual  diauteter  2jt  in  bead,  equaling  its  dis- 
tance from  anus  aud  twioe  distance  of  latter  from  base  of  tirst  anal  ray. 
I'ylorio  ciccaM.  Pectoral  very  broad,  inserted  low,  its  upper  margin  on 
a  level  with  preni.'ucillaries,  much  below  the  eye ;  the  rays  decrease  but  little 
in  length  from  the  tirst  to  the  twentieth,  and  form  a  very  broad,  evenly 
rounded  lobe,  Uelow  the  twentieth  the  rays  decrease  gently  nml  have 
exerted  tijvs,  until  the  shortest  ray  efiuals  }  the  long  upper  rays.  There 
follow  3  or  I  somewhat  longer  rays,  the  tips  still  further  cxsertod,  then  1 
or  5  rays  which  decrea.se  rapidly,  the  ahort4»tt  anterior  one  e<|U,aling  diam- 
eter of  eye;  longest  pectoral  ray  If  iu  head;  baae  of  llrst  dorsal  r»y 
in  a  vertical  pasaiug  through  axil  of  pectoral;  longest  dontal  ray  li  in 


2126  Bulletin  4.7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


head,  the  la»t  rays  rapidly  shortened  bo  as  to  produce  a  notcli  at  union 
with  the  caudal,  the  last  ray  less  than  i  the  longest,  the  membrane  join- 
ing at  end  of  basal  third  of  caudal;  the  anal  fin  is  equal  in  height  to  the 
dorsal,  but  the  last  rays  arc  but  little  shortened,  so  that  no  notch  exists 
posteriorly.  It  forms  a  much  broader  union  with  the  caudal,  which  it 
joins  at  the  end  of  its  basal  two-thirds;  caudal  broad,  rounded,  the  onter 
rays  i  the  length  of  middle  rays,  which  equal  the  length  of  head  without 
the  snout.  Body  everywhere  transparent,  gelatinous  in  structure.  Colors 
in  life,  olivaceous  above,  overlaid  with  light  grayish;  belly  and  lower 
side  of  head  light  yellow ;  body  and  fins  with  large  brownish-red  or  blood- 
red  spots  and  blotches,  usually  roundish,  each  having  a  darker  margin 
surrounded  with  a  light  ring.  Length  360  mm.  Bering  Sea;  type  from 
Bristol  Bay,  in  29 J  fathoms;  a  second  specimen  from  St.  Paul  Island,  and 
a  third  still  larger  from  Petropaulski ;  a  most  beautifully  colored  species, 
quite  unlike  the  others.     (Gilbert.)    {xvxXoi,  round;  6Tiy/ia,  spot.) 

LiparU  eyelotligma,   GrLBERT,  Kept  TT.  S.  FUh    Conun.  1893   (1896),  446,  Bristol  Bay, 
Alaska,  at  Albatross  Station  3351,  in  39}  fathoms.    (Type  ITo.  48621.) 

Subgenus  LYOLIPARIS,  Jordan  61,  ETcrmaim. 

2467.  LIPABIS  PlILCHELLCS,  Ayivs. 

Head  4^  in  length;  depth  4^.  D.  47  to  49;  A.  40;  pectoral  36;  caudal 
12;  eyes -6  in  head;  interorbital  space  (flesh,  not  bone)  2;  snoat  3;  pec- 
toral li;  ventral  disk  2};  caudal  If.  Body  elongate,  somewhat  com- 
pressed, tapering  gratlually  to  the  caudal.  The  head  is  broader  and  lonf^er 
than  high;  snout  subtrnncate,  overhanging  the  month;  teeth  small,  tri- 
cuspid, the  median  cusp  longest,  arranged  in  oblique  rows  as  in  the  related 
species ;  upper  lip  complete,  the  lower  interrupted  on  each  side  about  mid- 
way between  niid<lle  of  jaw  and  angle  of  month ;  interorbital  space  wide 
and  flat,  posterior  nostril  ending  in  a  sljort,  wide  tnbe,  anterior  smaller, 
closer  together,  about  midway  between  the  posterior  and  end  of  snoat; 
gill  opening  moderate,  wider  than  eye,  its  lower  third  in  front  of  pectoral, 
extending  downward  to  the  third  or  fourth  ray;  skin  thin  and  loose,  as 
in  the  other  Liparids;  vent  nearer  to  anal  than  ventral  disk.  Dorsal  and 
anal  confluent  with  the  caudal,  which  seems  to  end  in  a  point  when  not 
spread;  origin  of  dorsal  just  behind  base  of  pectoral,  its  distance  from 
snout  contained  4  times  in  the  length  of  body,  the  anterior  rays  buried 
under  the  skin ;  origin  of  anal  nearer  snOut  than  base  of  caudal  fin ;  pec- 
torals broadly  rounded  posteriorily,  reaching  to  front  of  anal,  the  lower 
rays  smaller  and  produced,  forming  a  notch  in  lower  part  of  fin.  Color 
light  olive  brown,  with  numerous  waving  lines  everywhere  on  head  and 
body,  running  longitudinally,  sometimes  running  together  and  forming 
irregular  ni.'irkings;  belly  and  lower  parts  of  head  white;  dorsal  and  anal 
dusky,  with  longitudinal  Ktripe.i  and  mottlings;  caudal  dark  at  tip;  p<>c- 
torals  with  irregular  cross  streaks.  Others  are  light  brownish  with  spots 
of  darker,  not  showing  any  trace  of  the  longitudinal  stripes;  the  head 
variously  niarlted  with  irregular  venniculations.  Here  described  from 
specimens  from  Point  Reyes,  California.    The  one  from  which  the  meas- 


nremetitfl  iiro  t(ik'?n  is  »  little  ov<'r  1  incboa  in  length.  Specimen»  v»ry 
(freatly  in  ilepth  of  body.  Length  10  iiiclica.  NortJicrn  facifio,  Alaska  to 
LMonteroy.'  Comnioii;  spcx'iniono  urr  n'conlcd  from  Piiget  Soiitnl  and  from 
fTiiugasK,  St.  Piml,  Kniliiilc.  Ilnaluskft,  iind  other  Ini-ulitics  in  Alnsksi. 
Tho  ftpecinion  from  the  uortherniuoat  lo(^aIity  pxiiminod  by  iih  i8  from 
Briatrtl  liiiy  in  16  fiithoms  (Coll.  .11  bit  trout).  Tb»  8|in'-ie8  in  n"t  nu-w  oboiit 
Sun  Francisco  iind  Montorcy,  where  the  striped  form  is  almost  exclnaively 
found,     {puhheitu*,  pretty.) 

Liparis smUhtlUu.  AvBKfi,  Proo.  C»I.  At  Nut.  Sci..  i,  1855,  23.  San  PrancUco;  GU.STHBH. 

Cat.,  Ill,  104.  I8A1;  STEIXDAril.MR.  I<'liCll.  Bpllrilgp.  III.  D3.  I87S;  JoRDiX  ^^  GUJJCBT, 

SyiiniMlH,  741, 1883;  riAIIMAN,  DJHrobiili  fl7.  pig.  4,  5,  uiil  X,  1802. 
Ouetogaittr  p%iUhtU\u,  Gibabd,  Pac.  XL  R.  Kept.,  x,  Fishoa,  132, 19S8. 


SubEenu&  ACTINOCHIR,  GUI. 
24SH.    LIPARtK   V.UUR  (Gill). 

Head  4  iu  length  D.  45  to  48;  A.  38  to  40;  P.  34  to  37;  oaadall2toU; 
vpTtebrir  ri2  (10+42);  C!Oca26;  branchioHtegalH  6.  Body  elnnsato,  mnch 
compres9<!il  nml  tapering  posteriorly,  rather  thin  bohiud  the  abdomen, 
slender  at  the  base  uf  the  raudal,  broad  and  high  between  tho  poetorals. 
Head  high  and  broad,  prominent  at  nnpe,  length  a  little  more  thuu  depth, 
forehead  depressed;  .•inout  broad,  blunt,  rounded,  rather  deep,  as  long 
as  eye;  mouth  anterior,  bro.id,  maxillary  subtending  the  eye,  jaws  about 
e<iiial;  a  broad  interruption  in  lower  lip  in  middle  of  chiu;  teeth  small, 
in  pavement,  tricuspid  in  younger  specimens,  simple  in  olil.  .Some  of 
those  from  whieb  this  description  is  drawn  uliow  the  3  pronged  teeth  in 
the  outer  rows,  and  an  approach  to  the  simple  in  the  inu<']'.  A  series  of 
5  or  6  pore*  on  eai-h  side,  just  above  upper  lip,  from  snout  to  iM>«tor- 
bital  region;  another  of  6  or  7  pores  from  >-hin  toward  upper  angle  of  gill 
opening;  posterior  nostril  redncotl,  pore-like,  on  interorbitiil  space;  ante- 
rior in  front  of  eye,  tubular;  between  and  a  little  in  frout  of  the  tu1>«B 
a  couple  of  large  pores.  Kye  moderately  large,  in  anterior  half  of  head, 
lateral,  about  e)|unl  to  snout,  once  in  interorbital  space,  If  tim«8  in  disk, 
and  3i  in  head;  dink  small,  little  longer  thiin  wide^  If  times  as  long  as 
eye,  distant  from  mouth  \\  times  the  length,  which  is  equal  to  {  distance 
to  anal  tin;  vont  about  midway  frniii  disk  to  first  ray  of  uual;  gill  open- 
ing little  wider  than  eye,  ^  of  its  extent  in  front  of  ba-ne  of  pectoral;  1 
single  and  3  double  gills;  psendobranohiie  small;  opercular  spine  rather 
bru:id  ;  skin  thin,  loose,  easily  carried  away,  that  of  the  mules  in  bree<ling 
seiiMon  roughened  with  siiiull,  spine-lteariug  papillns  dorsal  and  uual  con- 
tinuous with  tho  caudal,  the  union  occupying  nearly  \  length  of  last, 
anal  extending  a  little  furthf  r  back  than  dorsal.  Caudal  rays  Ichs  than  } 
as  long  as  head,  hinder  margin  of  the  tin  slightly  rounded,  narrow;  |k><'- 
torals  broad  and  roumled  in  the  upper  jiortiou,  rcitchiug  anal  flu;  in  the 
lower  portion  fringed;  several  of  the  rays  at  sides  of  disk,  much  longer 
than  those  immediately  above  them,  fonn  a  notch  in  tho  maigin,  a  fold 
uniting  the  tins  in  ft-ont  of  disk;  no  apparent  notch  in  dorsal;  like  the 


*OlU'll«Btei«ys]MolmoiubBrsI).48:  A.K*!  P.SSj  C.  2S.    Hwdft,  depUi  S. 


2128         Bulletin  4.-/,  United  States  National  Museum. 


anal,  it  rises  grudually,  and  attains  its  Ki°fat«8t  extent  in  the  posterior 
third  of  its  length.  Professor  Liitken  gives  the  following  as  the  formula: 
Dorsal  43  to  49;  anal  36  to  40;  pectoral  32  to  38;  caudal  9  to  11.  The 
specimens  described  here,  and  from  which  the  numbers  placed  at  the 
head  of  this  description  were  taken,  were  furnished  this  Mnsenm  by  him. 
From  his  largo  series  ho  finds  a  greater  range  of  variation  in  all  cases 
except  that  of  the  caudal,  where  12  to  14  rays  appear  on  these  examples. 
Color  olivaceous  to  dark  brown,  darkest  about  the  head  and  body.  On 
close  examination  the  skin  is  seen  to  be  thickly  puncticulate  with  brown, 
in  cases  forming  cloudings,  blotches,  or  transverBO  bands  on  the  fins  and 
hinder  parts  of  the  body.  In  life  there  is  no  doubt  of  the  presence  of 
tints  of  lilac,  reddish,  or  yellowish.  One  of  these  specimens  has  6  bands 
of  brownish  on  the  dorsal,  and  4  on  the  anal.  Our  largest  is  5  inches  in 
length.  (Garman.)  Coasts  of  Greenland,  east  to  the  White  Sea;  not 
seen  by  us;  the  description  from  a  specimen  in  the  Museum  Comp.  Zool., 
sent  by  Dr.  Liitken.     (Eu.)     (Ho/or,  larger.) 

Cyeloptemt  lipari*  ■auxjor,  Fabkicius,  Fauna  Grnnland.,  136, 1780,  Qreenland;  WALSA.rM, 
Artoili  Visciuni,  111,489,1792;  after  Fadricius;  not  a  binomisi  name,  major  being  atm- 
]ily  an  adjective. 

Liparit  tunieata,  Kr<)yeb,  Katiirh.  Tidsskr.,  1, 236, 1862;  not  of  REUnUBDr. 

Aetinoehir  tnajor,  Gill,  Proc.  Ac.  Kat.  Sci.  Phila.  1864, 193,  Qreenland. 

Liparit fabrieii,  LUtken,  Kara-Havoa,  Fiske,  146, 1887. 

Xriparu  major,  JoBDAN  Sc  Gilbert,  SynopMia,  741, 1883;  Gasman,  Discoboli, 72, 1802. 

786.  BATHYPHASMA,  Gilbert. 

Batht/phtuma,  Gilbert,  Bept  V.  S.  Fish  Coram.  1893  <1896),  447  (ovigenim). 

Teeth  long,  slender,  siuiple,  without  basal  cusps.  Disk  large,  its  sur- 
face even,  with  evident  lobes  or  horny  papilla^  under  posterior  part  of  the 
head;  the  anus  not  immediately  behind  it.  Gill  opening  comparatively 
wide.  Caudal  long,  well  developed,  not  acuminate,  containing  12  rays, 
the  dorsal  and  anal  conllueut  with  lis  basal  ♦;  pectoral  broad  and  con- 
tinuous, as  in  Liparis,  the  lower  rays  exserted.  Suborbital  process  strong. 
Vertcbni)  uuuicrous.  The  tyiiical  species  has  much  the  shape  and  general 
appearance  of  Liparii  agamizii.  The  char.acter  of  the  simple  teeth,  which 
this  genus  shares  with  rarali2>ari8  and  others,  has  been  independently 
accpiired.  ((iilbert.)  Skeleton  soft,  little  ossified.  Deep-sea  Liparids  of 
large  size,  the  dentition  unlike  that  of  tlie  other  genera,  and  apparently 
not  aeciuired  by  the  same  line  of  descent  as  the  simple  tooth  of  Parali- 
parts,  which  seems  to  be  a  degradation  of  the  form  seen .  in  LiparU. 
{ftadi'i,  deep  sea;  i,'id6fia.  apparition.) 

2459.  UATHYPIIASMA  OVIOEIirM.  Gilbert. 

Head  3J;  depth  3? ;  eye  7.  Occipital  region  greatly  elevated,  the  npper 
profile  of  head  strongly  decurved  above  the  orbits,  a  line  from  occiput  to 
end  of  premaxillary  in-ocesses  forming  an  angle  of  4.")  degrees  with  axis 
of  body.  In  front  of  tips  of  premaxilljiry  processes  the  snout  descends 
almost  vertically.  Posteriorly  the  liody  tapers  uniformly  and  slowly,  the 
width  of  base  of  tail  equaling  i  diameter  of  eye.    Mouth  large,  horizontal, 


Jordan  and  Evermann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     2129 


not  overpassed  by  tliesnoat.,  the  lower  jaw  HHglitly  shorter  than  thenppiT, 
nut  dJBtiiii'tJy  iorliuli'tl;  maxillary  rL<jiiLiiig  :i  vertli'al  from  posterior 
cdfje  of  orhit,  ita  li>ngth  2i^  iu  head,  its  width  Ig  in  bwiid ;  upper  lip 
rompleto,  the  fold  of  lower  lip  extoiiclin|»  liiilfway  from  uuglp  of  moutli  to 
syinpliysiM.  Baiida  of  teolli  very  wiilo  in  the  frout  uf  eufb  jaw,  bucmitiiig 
nsnTovv  lateriilly,  wbcro  tbe  series  are  fuw  iu  immlicr  and  noiirly  parallel 
with  th»  jiiw;  antisriorly  tlio  HisricH  grow  iiiorc  and  luore  oblique,  until 
lit  front  of  jaw  they  are  tieurly  transverse;  teeth  all  sinjiile  and  ulniider, 
withontcnsps,  dimcted  vory  oldii|)it'ly  Imrkward,  and  niovuhto,  implanted 
8o  lis  to  admit  of  Btill  furtlior  depresaiou;  outer  teoth  in  btith  jiiws  very 
short,  the  inner  ones  growiuK  gradually  lniig«r  and  Uecoiuing  acinilar, 
16  mitIbk  of  teeth  on  eiu-h  side  of  lowiT  jaw,  22  ecries  on  each  side  of 
upper  jaw.  Posterior  nostril  in  a  abort  wide  tube.  Kye  large,  the.  diame- 
ter of  its  exposed  portiun  2^  in  total  iiitcrorbital  width.  Clifek  and 
temporal  region  Bwollcn,  the  auliorhital  stay  running  in  a  notnble  depres- 
aiou  between  the  two.  Oil]  slit  wide,  ostendiug  downward  to  opposite 
upper  pectoral  rays,  longer  than  snout,  2J  in  head.  Mnrons  porcA  minute, 
on  sidca  of  simnt,  niandihie,  and  preopercle,  none  visible  on  top  of  head. 
Disk  large,  nearly  round,  its  renter  slightly  in  advance  of  gill  slit,  its 
length  3J  in  head,  distance  from  ita  posterior  margin  to  vent  equaling 
if  its  own  diameter.  A  ainall  ana!  [lapilla.  Pyloric  cjeca  19.  Pectoral 
with  .'M  rays,  not  notched,  the  lower  r;i3'8  regularly  diiuiuishing  in  li'ugth 
totthe  fifth  or  sixth  before  the  l:i8l,  the  next  2  or  H  itbruptly  lengthened 
and  exHurted;  longest  ray  iif  upper  lobe  e<fualiiig  snout  and  eye;  longest 
ray  of  lower  lobe  e([iialiiig  snout  ;ind  4  eye;  dorsal  tin  beginning  alightly 
behind  iipjiMr  axil  of  pecJor-ils  and  with  43  rays,  thi-  longi-st  ecjualing  dia- 
tnni'i'  from  tip  of  Hiiont  to  front  of  pnpil;  origin  of  anal  fm  with  }  diame- 
ter of  ej-e  in  front  of  middle  of  body,  w^ith  31  rays;  raiidal  ray  long  and 
Riendur,  with  12  riiya,  it«  basal  I  enidliient  with  dorsal  and  anal,  ita  length 
eqnal  tothatofpectoraliin.  Skin  thin,  not  eonspieuoiisIyJax.  Head,  body, 
and  fins  white,  inconspienoiisly  mottled  with  light  brown,  k  single  speci- 
men, 315  mm.  iu  total  length,  from  flotation  3312,  ofTQiieen  Charlotte  Island, 
British  Columbia,  depth  1,588  futhonis.  The  typo  is  a  male,  with  woU- 
developed  testes,  and  contained  in  itd  month,  when  captured,  a  splierieal 
mass  of  eggs  apparently  of  the  same  spetie.H.  The  eggs  nienHiired  \\  mm. 
in  <li;imeter,  and  were  well  along  in  tlicir  development,  the  emliryos  dis- 
tinctly visible  through  tlio  very  tough  egg  meinbrauea.  The  general  form 
of  head  .ind  body  can  be  made  out,  as  well  aa  the  long  coutintious  doraal 
and  anal  fma  running  backward  into  thetnil.  It  socnis  not  improbable 
that  the  male  lisb  protect  the  eggs  in  thi.s  manner  tmtil  after  hatching. 
(D.13;  A.34;  V.U;  C.  12.)     (Gilbert.)     [onm,  egg;  ;iero,  1  boar.) 

Itathyiihanma  origenim.  GlUiBBT,  Rep«,  V.  S.  FUh  Coinm.  ltiS3  <189fl),  US.  off  Queen  Char- 
lotte Iiland,  at  Albatross  Station  jui.  in  i.jSS  fathoms.    <Typc.  No.  U^SU.) 


787.  CAREPROCTUS,  Kroyer. 

Oareproetiu,  KMTXa,  Natnrh.  Tldaskr.,  1, 257, 18«2  (reinhardi). 
Cartmitra,  JonOA.v  &  E\1IBMA!«.v.  Cliock-Llat  Fishes, 452, 1898 («imu«). 
Attocliir,  Jordan  Jk  Evckmanv.  Chcok-LUt  Klshea.  4S2,  1806  (tn«laiiiiru«). 
AUurui.  JoROA-N  &.  BvEKMAlfS.  CUock'LUt  Flshc*.  452,  ISSa  («!t«nc». 


2130  Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


Body  more  or  Ions  elongate,  semitransparent,  covered  -with  thin,  lax 
skin ;  mouth  terminal ;  teuth  simple  in  the  adult,  hooked ;  ventral  disk  very 
small,  situated  far  forward,  under  front  of  eye,  sometimes  reduced  to  a 
mere  point;  vent  a  little  behind  it,  far  in  front  of  anal  fin;  pectoral  fin 
broad,  notched,  the  lower  lobe  well  developed.  Vertebraa  and  fiu  rays 
numerous;  nostrils  with  or  without  tube.  Species  of  rather  large  size, 
found  in  deep  or  cold  waters.  These  form  a  transition  from  Aetinoehir  to 
the  Anitrina,  in  which  group  the  ventral  disk  is  wholly  lost. 

Concerning  Careproctus,  Mr.  Garinau  has  the  following  remarks: 

"  This  genus  and  Liparia  are  brought  very  close  together  by  Careproetut 
liparit  major.  The  simple  form  of  tooth  in  the  one  case  and  the  tricaapid 
form  in  the  other  were  formerly  considered  sufiSciently  distinctive  for  sep- 
arating these  genera.  Liitken,  1887,  pointed  out  that  the  yonng  of  the 
mentioned  species  has  the  tricuspid  teeth  of  Liparit,  and  that  with  age  it 
acquires  the  simple  teeth  of  Careproctus.  It  is  possible  that  a  similar 
change  takes  place  in  the  other  species  we  have  brought  together  in  the 
latter.  Indeed,  assuming  derivation  from  species  of  Liparit  of  the  shoal 
waters,  it  is  just  what  we  should  expect  in  all  these  Carsprocfi  of  the  deep  sea. 

"  Besides  the  dentition,  other  features  may  be  selected  that  in  compari- 
sons may  serve  to  distinguish  this  genus  from  the  preceding:  The  head 
is  higher  at  the  back;  the  body  is  deeper  in  front  of  the  dorsal  fin;  the 
caudal  region  is  longer,  more  slender  and  tapering;  the  vertebrte  are  more 
numerous;  the  dornal  and  anal  fins  have  more  rays,  and  are  completely 
fused  with  the  caudal ;  the  disk  is  reduced  in  size;  the  suborbital  process 
is  less  developed,  and  apparently  the  intestine  is  shorter.  Among  these 
differences  there  is  none  that  may  not  be  a  consequence  of  the  Qiodifying 
influences  of  groat  depths  upon  species  of  lAparit  such  as  now  exist  along 
the  coasts."    (napd,  head;  icpmxrdi,  anus.) 

Caremitba  (>[ap<i,  head;  it-iTfrn,  stomacher): 
a.  Body  abort  and  deep,  with  blnnt  head,  the  inferiormooth  below  the  pTomlnent  snout; 
disk  aearly  as  long  as  eye :  pectoral  rays  33.  sofcs,  2460. 

aa.  Body  more  or  less  elongate 

b.  Body  not  excessively  attenuate,  its  median  depth  maoh  more  than  length  of 
eye. 

CABEPROCTOS  : 

e.  Pectoral  tin  distinctlynotche<l,  its  middle  raysshorterthan  upper  orlower. 
(i.  Lower   pectoral  rays  extremely  long,  reaching  ttont  of  anal;  dlak 
moderate,  about  as  largo  as  eye.  colletti,  2461. 

dd.  Iiower  pectoral  rays  not  reaching  anal. 

e.  Month  horizontal  or  moderately  obliqoe,  not  nearly  vertical. 
/.  Disk  nearly  or  quite  as  long  as  e}'e,  not  ezoessivaly  reduced. 
g.  Disk  about  )  longer  than  eye ;  anterior  nostril  with  • 
tnbe ;  gill  slit  reduced ;  month  oblique ;  D.  53 ;  P.  34. 

PIIASMA,  2462. 
gg.  Disk  not  larger  than  eye,  whioh  is  aboat  4  in  head ; 
anterior  nostril  (so  far  as  known)  without  tnbe. 
h.  Depth  4  in  length ;  month  large ;  D.  S2 ;  A.  47. 

SPKOTBDK,  8463. 
hh.  Depth  5i  to  6. 

i.  I'ectoral  rays  32 ;  D.  S4 ;  A.  45. 

BanntARDi.  2404. 

I'i.  Pectoral  rays  38;  D.  aboat  48;  A.  abont48. 

UIIUULSMS. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2131 

//.  Dljk  vef)-  tninute.  osntrrrvM,  1*88. 

H.  Uout]]  neuily  Vertical ;  li«dy  elontpitft.    D.&U;  A.4S:C.  8:  P.  30. 

ALLOcnm  (aAAiK,  oUier:  X"«>i  liftnd): 
M.  I>«eU>riU  flni  not  Dotrbed,  the  middle  rayi  not  ■horter  than  npper  or 
lower;  gUtiopeDingi  r«diic«<l  -.  depth  4^  ia  length.    U.  .sa ;  ▲. 50 ;  F.  30. 

MELiUtmPK,  2i)t8. 

ALLrnrg  (oAAor,  other;  oup<i,  toil): 
M.  Body  exoeiiRiTcly  oloneate,  ita  depth  at  the  middle  not  mora  than  diiuneter  of 
eye;  diik  nmmller  tluo  eye;  gill  opeolngB  redaoed;  uioiit  ahoTel-Blmiieil. 

O.M.  KfTENIilS,  24(0. 

Subgeoui  CAREMtTRA,  Jordkn  tc  Erermann. 
S4«0.  CABEPBOrTIK  SIIDS,  Gilbert, 

A  BjM'Ciea  with  a  very  liL'avy  bead  and  body,  an  inferior  tnin«vf*rBe 
nio<ith,  overlaiipcd  liy  the  thick,  roundwl  «u«nt.  Ajipoarano*  marh  that 
of  IlhiiK^Hpitrif  harbnli/er,  but  tiie  anterior  partR  inudi  heavier,  nape  more 
elcvnti'd,  snout  sliorti'T  and  bhititer,  witliout  harUcls,  <»xtendin({  boyond 
front  of  eyes  for  :i  dlBtntice  (mciiuart'd  ivxiiiliy)  eqnal  to  }  diniiicter  of  orbit, 
and  projcrting  beyond  mouth  for  i  that  di-itatioe.  Mouth  transverse,  its 
width  nearly  twice  the  distance  from  aymphystx  of  lower  jaw  to  .ingle  of 
mouth,  the  latter  reacUinj;  a  vertical  miilwuy  between  front  of  oye  and 
pupil.  Tffth  indistinctly  tricuspid,  in  narrow  bniidH,  11  or  12  scries  iu 
each  half  of  lower  jaw,  8  or  9  iu  the  upper.  Nostrils  without  tnlte.  Eyo 
Large,  3  in  li(>a(l,  cipiiiliiig  snout,  U  in  total  intcrorbital  width,  filll  wlit 
inodcrate,  *  of  it  opposite  upper  pectoral  rays,  its  width  if  dtauiotor  of  eye. 
dliercle  prrdonm-d  into  ;in  aeut*)  lobe  overlapjjiiig  niidiUo  of  slit.  Bisk 
rather  small,  round,  undur  posterior  part  of  oye,  ita  diiimotor  ?,  that  of  eye. 
\'ont  itiimediati'ly  behind  it,  eijuidistunt  from  front  of  anal  and  aiiglo  of 
mouth.  I'octoralH  inserted  high,  the  upper  edge  on  a  level  with  the  mid- 
dle of  eye.  contintiouH,  the  median  rays  greatly  shortened,  the  lower  ones 
again  longer,  with  exserted  free  tips;  uppwr  lobe  extending  beyond  front 
of  anal,  and  eipialing  length  of  head  behind  snont,  lower  rays  Ji  length  of 
upper  ones;  P.  33;  origin  of  dors.il  tin  just  behind  axil  of  pectorals,  con- 
tin  nons  posteriorly  with  the  caudal  fin,  which  is  very  narrow  and  not  dis- 
tinct; origin  of  anal  at  end  of  first  third  of  length.  Whitish  or  bright 
brown,  ilnsky  posteriorly  on  ho<ly  and  Rns;  tuonth,  gill  cavity,  and  peri- 
totieuiu  whito.  One  specioien,  3i  inches  long,  from  Boring  .Sea  north  of 
Unuloflka  Inland.    (Gilbert.)     (timus,  6in6:,  Bniibnosod.) 

Careprvehu  timui,  (Wlbkbt,  Kept,  IT.  $.FUh  Cniiini.  ISOft  (1806), 4M,  Bering  Sea  north  of 
Unalaekm,  at  Albatrosa  Station  3331,  in  350  fathoms. 

Subgenus  CAREPROCTUS.  KrSyer. 
3(01.  liKKfRtHTl'S  tOM.KTTI,  aitfaert. 

Head  5,  blunt  and  heavy,  with  subvertical  cheeks  and  bluntly  rounded 
snout,  the  lattiT  not  projecting  beyond  the  mouth;  greatest  depth  (at 
occiput)  (J;  eyeeiiuals  length  of  snout,  Hf  in  heail,  1'^  in  interorbital  width  ; 
tiapo  not  elevated;  mouth  torminal  at  lower  side  of  auoat,  slightly  oblii|^ne, 


2132         Bulletin  if  7,  United  States  National  Museum. 

its  lateral  cleft  about  j  it«  width;  lower  jaw  shntting  within  the  upper; 
angle  of  mouth  reaching  a  vertical  midway  between  front  of  eye  and 
front  of  pupil ;  teeth  lanceolate,  acute,  without  trace  of  basal  cnsps;  gill 
opening  a  narrow  slit,  entirely  above  base  of  pectorals,  its  length  }  diame- 
ter of  eye ;  operclo  produced  posteriorly  into  a  rounded  lobe,  which  over- 
laps the  gill  opening ;  disk  oblong,  of  moderate  size,  placed  under  the 
posterior  part  of  head  behind  the  eyes,  forming,  in  alcoholic  specimens,  a 
very  deep  cup-shaped  depression  with  incurved  edges;  diameter  of  disk 
about  equaling  that  of  eye;  disk  separated  from  vent  by  |  its  diameter; 
upper  pectoral  lobe  reaching  origin  of  anal  fin,  the  rays  of  lower  lobe 
elongate,  extensively  free,  longer  than  npper  lobe,  and  reaching  to 
or  nearly  to  front  of  anal ;  intermediate  rays  not  as  short  as  in  C. 
reinkardx,  hardly  forming  a  separate  division  of  the  fin,  the  rays  being 
gradually  and  uniformly  shortened  from  above  downward  to  origin  of 
lower  lobe;  pectoral  rays  29;  dorsal  beginning  immediately  behind  the 
head;  distance  firom  tip  of  snout  to  origin  of  anal  3f  in  length;  series  of 
conspicnons  mucous  pores  on  head,  as  in  C.  ninhardi.  Color  in  spirits, 
dnsky,  the  tip  of  snont,  under  side  of  head,  opercles,  abdomen,  and  poe- 
terior  portion  of  vertical  fins  black ;  inside  of  month  and  gill  cavity 
dnsky;  peritoneum  black.  Closely  related  to  C.  ranhardi,  from  which  it 
differs  principally  in  the  elongation  and  ezsertion  of  the  lower  pectoral 
rays.  These  extend  in  all  specimens  to  or  nearly  to  the  origin  of  the  anal 
fin,  and  are  always  free  for  the  greater  part  of  their  length.  Length  3j^ 
inches.  North  Pacific,  south  of  the  Alaskan  Peninsula.  ("Named  in 
honor  of  Prof.  Robert  Collett,  the  distinguished  author  of  the  Fishes  of 
the  Norwegian  North  Atlantic  Expedition.") 

Oareproetiu  eollelti,  Gilbbrt,  Bept.  XT.  S.  FUh  Comm.  1893  (1896),  US,  south  of  the  Alaska 
PeniOBula,  at  Albatn»s  Station  3338,  in  615  fathoms.    (Type,  No.  48698.) 

8468.  CAREPROOTrS  I'HASMA,  Gilbert. 

Eye  4  in  head,  2  in  total  intoror1)ital  width.  D.  53;  P.  34.  Head  broad 
and  flat  above,  sulMiuiidrate,  with  nearly  vortical  cheeks.  Snout  very 
obtnae,  broadly  rounded,  much  blunter  than  in  C.  spectrum,  very  slightly 
overlapping  the  mouth;  width  of  snout  IJ  iu  length  of  head;  mouth 
very  broad,  somewhat  oblique,  rejiching  vertical  slightly  behind  front  of 
eye,  its  width  more  tlian  twico  the  amount  of  lateral  cleft  taken  axially. 
Teeth  minute,  acute,  in  a  moderate  band  in  each  jaw,  arranged  iu  oblique 
series  within  the  b.ind.  Nostrils  opening  in  a  short  but  conspicuous  tube 
(the  tube  absent  and  the  pore  smaller  in  C.  spectrum).  Mucous  pores  small. 
Gill  slit  short,  slightly  less  than  diameter  of  orbit,  its  inferior  end  attached 
to  base  of  upper  pectoral  ray,  overlaiqjed  for  almost  its  entire  extent  by 
the  broadly  rounded  opercular  flap.  Sucking  disk  comparatively  large, 
much  larger  than  in  C.  spectrum,  IJ  times  diameter  of  eye,  3^  in  head, 
very  nearly  round,  the  transverse  diameter  equaling  or  slightly  exceeding 
the  longitudinal  diameter.  Vent  innnediatcly  behind  edge  of  sucking 
disk ;  anal  papilla  slender.  \  as  long  as  diameter  of  eye.  Pectoral  fin  very 
broad,  barely  reaching  front  of  anal,  the  lower  rays  equaling  the  upper, 


Jordan  and  Evcmiann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2133 


Dxtcnsi vely  fr<»e  at  tip ;  lowerlobe  of  }>eotorul  containing  S  or  9  royi ;  dorsal 
Itesiinaiug  )>eliin<I  gill  "peniiiK  at  i»  cliHtanrc  n<|nuling  iliametLT  of  eye. 
8kin  exceeJin^rly  soft,  thick,  :>n(l  lax,  in  iilroliolic  Hpeciuient*  foruiinj;  folds 
iiii  head  and  body  and  I'uni-ealiug  th<'  rayw  of  tlie  lins.  Color  uniform  whito 
in  spirits.  C'lonoly  related  to  C<iref}rottiu  «/jec(rum,  Ilean,  from  tbo  Hanio 
r<<Kif»n,  ditteriiiK  in  the  tuuth  larger  anckin;i  dink  and  the  narrower  gill 
Htit,  thit  Intter  conltned  to  area  above  ba.so  of  p<-ctoralN,  ita  anterior  mar- 
gin formed  of  the  broadly  and  evenly  nmudud  opi>rcnlar  lo1>i>.  Length 
3^  inches.     Bridtol  Hay,  Alu«ka.  in  doop  water,     ^^dtipa,  a  8po«tre.) 

Oitrfproetiu phtttma,  IJIUIICBT,  Keiit.  17.  S.  PiiihCoiiun.  1803  (1800),  143,  Briitol  Bay,  Aluka, 
at  Albatross  Stations  3154  and  3:156,  in  46  and  49  fathoms. 

24«<.  CABEPBOCIl'S  «l'>;<'TBi:il,  Be«i. 

Head  4;  depth  4;  eye  3.  D.  52;  A.  47;  ventral  disk  small,  }  ae  long 
u  eye.  Moatli  large,  th«  maxilla  extending  to  about  bvlow  the  mid- 
dle of  eye.  Perioral  rttachin^  t<i  abuvu  iiuiil  origixi;  dorsal  beginning 
over  the  axil  of  pectoral.  C'nlor  along  back  of  some  examplve  light 
lirown,  elsewhere  nuiformly  pale.  Length  nf  tyjMJ  Sj'ti  inches.  Twenty- 
six  specimoua  wert<  obtuiued,  July  31,  1888,  bt-tweon  Unga  and  Nagai 
islands.  (Uean.)  Garninn  refers  this  spe4Me8  to  tho  synonymy  of  Ca»^- 
proctua  gclatinotH$,  whirh  is  probably  not  correct,     (ipectrum,  spectre.) 

CarrjirnrtuM  t]ieelrum,   Osjut.  Proc.  U.  S.  Not  Hiia.  ISSO.  40.  Iwtween  Unga  and  Nagai 
islands,  jj;^  lo'  N.,  160"  18'  W.,  at  Albatross  Station  9848,  in  tio  fathoma. 


S404.  ( AREPBOCrrS  REINHIRDI  (Krilyer). 

Head  4^;  depth  5* :  eye  5  to  fl.  I).  54;  A.  45;  C.  12;  P.  32.  Body  semi- 
trannparent,  ooveretl  with  viarid  skin. '  Head  short  and  globular.  Caudal 
fin  very  uleuder,  joined  to  the  dorsal  and  anal;  mouth  nearly  horizontal; 
lower  jaw  erarcely  projeotiug.  Ventral  disk  little  larger  than  eye.  Pec- 
toral deeply  eniarginatp,  nearly  .-it*  long  as  head,  reaching  aunl,  the  lower 
rays  exserted.  appearing  as  a  series  of  short  twisted  lllauients.  Distance 
from  ventral  disk  to  vent  not  more  than  diameter  of  eye;  bead  with  con- 
MpiououA  mucous  pores.    Color  pale  reddish  gray,  uniiiarkt^d.    (Collett.) 

Mr.  Oarnian  add*  to  this:  H«>dy  tninslucent,  jelly-like;  skin  lax,  viscid; 
teeth  simple;  ventral  disk  very  Huinll,  sitnated  far  forward,  almost  bidden 
by  the  anterior  portions  of  the  pectorals;  vout  near  the  disk,  about  mid- 
way from  snout  to  anal;  tail  long,  slender,  tapering  to  a  jioint;  caudal 
coutiunons  with  dorsal  and  anal;  fin  rays  »oft,  slender;  peetornlx  Hemicir- 
cular.  below  the  head,  beginning  far  in  front  and  clos«>  together  near  the 
symphysis  of  the  lower  jaw,  fintt  8  or  10  rays  projecting,  largi-r  mcMlian 
portion  with  short  ouch,  upper  elongate;  eyes  comparatively  large,  more 
than  i  as  long  uh  the  head,  which  latter  is  ^  to  ^  of  the  total  length.  Only 
1  pair  of  nostrils  w:w  dpt«>etfd,  and  they  were  not  prolonged  in  tnbes. 
Color  p.ale  reddish  gray,  or  whitish ;  no  bands  or  marks.  An  Antic,  deep- 
sea  form,  descending  t-o  7<iO  fatboins.  Known  from  (ireeuland,  Jan  Mayen, 
and  Beeren  Island.  (Naini'd  fur  F'rofeHSor  J.  Keinhardt,  of  the  Uuiveraity  of 
Copenhagen,  who  \^Tote  largely  on  the  fauna  of  Greenland. ) 


2134         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 

lAparit  ffdatinoiut,  RSINRABDT,  Ovenigl,  etc^  1844,  77;  not  of  PaLLAS. 
lAparit  {Careproettu)  rHi^ardi,  KrSyer,  Naturh.  Tidskr.,  I,  252,  1882,  Qreenland. 
Careproetutreinhardi,  CoLLBTT,  Norske  Nord-Havs  Expod.,  S7, 1880;  Jobdaw  &  Qilbmxi, 
Synopsis,  957,  1883;  G  arm  AN,  Discoboli,  78,  1892. 

8465.  CABEPBOOTrS  BANITLA  (Goods  &  Beui). 

Head  4 ;  depth  6.  D.  48± ;  A.  48± ;  pectoral  15  +  12  or  13.  Body  thick, 
subcylindrical  anteriorly,  rapidly  tapering  to  the  tail;  skin  thick,  lax. 
Head  swollen  at  the  ua]ie ;  width  little  greater  than  depth,  twice  that  of 
disk;  length  of  disk  2i  interorbital  width.  Snout  broad,  about  i  as  long 
as  head;  month  cleft  not  reaching  a  vertical  from  orbit;  upper  jaw  the 
longer;  eye  lateral,  not  interfering  with  upper  profile,  about  i  of  head; 
nostril  near  the  eye;  from  snout  to  first  dorsal  ray  i,  and  from  snont  to 
first  anal  ray  about  |  of  length  of  body ;  origin  of  anal  below  eighth  ray 
of  dorsal ;  disk  slightly  longer  than  its  distance  from  the  snout,  or  than 
its  width.  Color  uniform,  whitish.  OiF  Halifax  Harbor,  in  52  fathoms. 
(Goodo  and  Bean.)  Garman  refers  this  species  to  the  synonymy  of  Cart" 
prootu*  reinhardi,  which  may  be  correct,  (ranula,  tadpole,  diminntiTe  of 
rana,  frog.) 

lApari*  ranuto,  GooDE  &  Bea»,  Proo.  TT.  S.  Nat  Kns.  1879,  46,  Halliaue ;  Jobdam  &.  On.- 
BKBT,  Synopsis,  742,  1883. 

9466.  t'ABEPEOCTrS  OSTEIfTTJlI,  GObert. 

The  snont  is  longer  and  more  pointed  than  iu  Careproctut  pluuma  or  Care- 
prootua  tpectrum,  its  width  little  greater  than  its  length,  2^  in  head.  Mouth 
with  very  distinct  lateral  cleft,  its  width  less  than  its  length.  Maxillary 
reaching  a  vertical  line  crossing  orbit  buhind  pupil,  li^tf  in  head;  teeth 
minute,  in  narrow  bands,  indistinctly  tricuspid;  eye  equaling  length  of 
snout,  H  i'l  total  width  of  interorbital  area.  Tho  true  bony  interorbital 
width  is  much  narrower  than  this.  In  the  specimen  examined  the  e]ii- 
dermis  of  the  head  is  largely  lost,  and  tho  width  of  the  gill  slip  can  not 
be  detfrmined.  A  short  nostril  tube.  Fius  as  in  C.  tpectrum  and  C. 
pkasma.  Skin  loose,  thinner  than  iu  ('.  phanma.  t'olor  white  or  slightly 
brownish,  minutely  pnnctnlate  with  black.  DiflFering  from  C.  tpectrtim  in 
the  minute  size  of  the  sUcking  disk,  which  in  reduced  to  a  mere  rudiment 
entirely  concealed  by  tho  anterior  (lower)  lobes  of  the  pectoral  tins,  about 
one  iiiillimeter  iu  di.amcter  in  a  specimeu  78  mm.  long.  Bering  Sea,  north 
of  linalaska  Island,  iu  deep  water.     (osteiiUtvi,  a  spectre.) 

Careproctxn  ottentttm,  Gilbert,  Kept.  U.  .S.  FiHh  Comni.  1893  (1896),  444,  Bering  Sea.  north 
of  Unalaska  Island,  at  Albatross  Stations  3324  and  3331,  in  log  and  350  fathoms. 
(Type,  No.  48619.) 

2407.  (!ABEPBO('TIIS  OELATIXOSIS  (Pallas). 

D.  more  than  50;  A.  .about  45;  C.  (i;  cjeca  48;  vertebral  64.  Verti- 
cal tins  contiguous.  Yentnil  disk  sinall,  supported  by  a  bilamellated 
cartilage,  which  descends  from  tho  throat.  Body  oblong,  compressed, 
thicker  toward  the  head  and  thinner  toward  the  tail,  semitransparent. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  Am4:rica.     2135 


Bxoeeijingly  Bftffc,  like  jelly.  Head  thick,  somewhat  ilnproMed,  tlat  on  the 
vert«?x,  aotl  convex  between  tlie  orbits.  Kyes  ilirefite<l  upward;  nustribi 
in  iniddlu  lietwei-n  inurgiu  of  mouth  and  orbit,  with  :i  ttniall  tubulur 
ajipRiidajfe;  a  sorii's  of  pores  along  iippi-r  lip  tuwunl  gill  opening. 
Lips  thick;  c  loft  of  mouth  dirmted  upward,  ;is  iit  Vranunvopuf,  lnit  with 
the  lowpr  jaw  lens  prouiineTit;  Jjiwm,  p.iltite,  imd  pharynx  rough  with 
terth;  1  gills  oil  eai-h  side;  7  liraiichiosteyals.  Gill  opening  reduced  to 
.1  jtlit  above  b;i80  of  pectonihi.  Pectorals  lurge,  very  bruii<I,  caiumeiiciug 
at  the  throiit,  tho  interior  pjtrt  of  thinr  baaee  being  piu-allelj  luoeudirig 
to  the  gill  opoiiiug,  corapcmod  of  iilioiit  '6Q  rnye,  the  inferior  very  short 
und  uot  coiinuute^l  by  a  menibniUD.  Doratvl  and  aniil  fiuH  coutimuiiig  with 
tbo  wiudal,  commencing  ii  littttv  behind  middle  of  body,  and  composed  of 
fuoble  rays;  Jiigiil:tr  disk  Hituaf*<l  Imtweoii  tin?  pertoralif  in  front  of  the 
vent,  very  biuuII,  Bol't,  8iip|iorled  by  a  bilaiuellat«d  t^artilage  which 
descemls  from  the  thro:it;  vent  between  pectoral.s;  caudal  hidhII,  6-riiyi'd. 
Rose-cohired;  vertical  fliiB  violet ;  gill  cavily  hhtck.  SteHer  adds  the  fol- 
io wiug  iiiiatomical  detiiils:  OTiiriiim  orbicnhir,  loiitaioing  eggs  of  the 
size  of  a  pea.  Livi>r  largo,  divided  into  4  iolws,  of  a  whitish  i-olor;  gall 
bladder  absent;  sploon  triangular,  iirown;  Ktoinaeb  3  tiiiii'8  as  wide  as 
the  <u6nphiigns;  48  pyloric'  appendages,  2  inchon  long  and  aa  thick  aa  the 
wing  f«atber  of  a  pigeon,  in  u  «peciiuen  18  inches  long;  remainder  of 
inteatinal  tract  aitnut  ua  long  ars  th<<  tiah;  urine  bladder  the  size  of  a 
hazelnut;  kidneys  united  into  one  euneiforui  mass,  commeueing  iienr  the 
gills  and  i'xt*-udiivg  to  anterior  portion  of  ovarium;  uret+T  aiugh',  very 
wide,  th^xous,  beeoiuing  narrower  before  it«  in.'^ertion  into  the  bladder. 
Thi>  iiirrW  optici  and  ol/nrAorii  have  one  romrnon  >{uuglion,  from  whi<"li, 
fust,  the  former  arise,  emitting  the  latter  from  the  angle  fornii-d  by  the 
nerves  and  the  ganglion.  Skeleton  very  slightly  osseous.  Coaat  of  Kam- 
chatka. Specimens  (I  of  18  inches  long)  were  found  by  Stellar  in  Pct»'r 
and  Paul  Htirbor,  Kaniehstka.  U'iill*»0  I'li^  speeies  has  uot  been  recog- 
nized by  recent  writt-rs.     Not  seen  by  us,     (yrfa/iaosH*,  jolly-like.) 

OycUtjitfrui  grlntinoinu,  PAiJ^s,  Spicilcgia,  vil,  IB,  ITN,  Peter  and  Paul  Harbor,  Petro> 

paulaki  Kamchatka.     (Ovll.  Sirllcr.) 
I/iparii  iielittiaotuM,  GL'xTHEB,  Cat.,  tu,  IKl,  1881. 
CareprtKtuM  pelalinofiu,  JuBOiL'V  k  (itLBEBT,  Synupala,  740,  1883;  Oaucak,  DlHioboU,  in 

Memulr  M.  C.  Z.,  Nu.  2,  xiv,  7<,  1892. 

Subgenus  ALLOCHIR,  JonUii  &,  Evenuonn. 
iUH.  CABGPKOCTCS  ■EL.l.XCRHS.  llUt^rt. 


Head  4^  to  4}  in  longth;  depth  4^  to  41.  D.  about  58;  A.  50;  P. 30. 
Head  heavj',  with  vertical  cheeks,  short  bluntly  rouiidod  snout,  and 
very  bromi,  llivt  iuterorbital  space.  Width  of  interorbita)  spaee  slightly 
mure  than  i  length  of  head.  Mouth  very  broad,  horizontal,  with  short 
lateral  elol't,  tho  maxillary  reaching  to  below  middle  of  eye;  width  of 
mouth  e({|ual)ug  length  of  snout  and  eye.  Tei-th  Hhoi  t  and  .strong,  in  nar- 
row bauds  in  both  jaws;  except  at  symphysis,  the  teeth  of  the  bands  am 
arranged  iu  regular  series  ruiuiing  from  inner  edge  of  jaw  forward  and 


2136  Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 

sideward.  Tongno  and  roof  of  mouth  papilloae  and  toothless.  Gill 
rakoni  tubercular.  Nostrils  single,  in  a  very  short  wide  tube,  which  is 
nearer  eye  than  cleft  of  mouth.  Oill  opening  oblique,  entirely  above  base 
of  pectorals,  the  length  of  slit  equaling  snout  and  i  eye.  A  series  of 
6  pores  along  under  side  of  mandible  and  interoperole ;  none  on  pre- 
opercle;  3  above  premaxillary,  and  2  pairs  on  snout;  no  pores  along 
side  of  body.  Sacking  disk  extremely  small,  little  more  than  \  diam- 
eter of  orbit,  its  center  and  the  middle  of  pupil  eqnidistant  flrom  tip  of 
snout;  disk  separated  from  vent  by  a  trifle  less  than  its  own  diam- 
eter. Pectorals  forming  a  continuous  lamella,  following  the  margin  of 
gill  flap  and  lower  jaw,  the  2  fins  becoming  closely  approximated  in  front 
of  sucking  disk ;  fin  not  notched,  the  rays  decreasing  regularly  forward, 
8  to  10  of  the  anterior  rays  exserted  and  elongated,  the  anterior  4  or 
5  becoming  again  shorter  and  thicker,  and  wholly  free  from  the  mem- 
brane; pectorals  scarcely  reaching  front  of  anal,  }  to  i  length  of  head; 
dorsal  beginning  over  gill  slit,  the  distance  from  origin  of  anal  to  snont, 
2|  in  length ;  fins  nil  enveloped  in  thin  lax  skin,  so  that  it  is  impossible 
to  count  rays  accurately  'without  dissection;  posterior  dorsal  and  anal 
rays  well  overlapping  base  of  caudal,  their  membranes  joining  middle 
of  caudal  rays.  Color  light  rose-red  on  body  and  fins,  abdomen  usaally 
dusky ;  inner  face  of  pectorals,  caudal,  jiosterior  portions  of  dorsal  and 
anal,  and  inside  of  mouth  and  gill  openings  black;  peritoneum  silvery, 
with  more  or  less  black  specking,  sometimes  nearly  black.  Several 
specimens,  the  longest  about  6  inches  long,  firom  Albatro»»  Stations  2840, 
2891, 2892, 2925,  and  3076,  in  depths  from  178  to  339  fathoms  oflf  the  coast 
of  California  and  Oregon.     (Gilbert.)     (^Acrs  black;  ovpci  tail.) 

Oareproctut  inetanurus,  GiuiERT,  Proc.  I'.  S.  Nat.  Mas.,  1881,  560,  off  coast  of  California 
and  Oregon,  at  Albatross  Stations  1840, 1891. 2893, 2925,  and  3076,  in  178  to  339  fathoma. 

(Type  In  U.  8.  Nat.  Mus.) 

Subgenus  ALLURUS,  .Tnrdnn  &  ErermaDn. 

2469.  (  ARKPKOCTUS  ECTENES.  (}llb«rt. 

He.td  5J  in  total  length,  its  depth  J,  and  its  width  }  its  length.  All  ex- 
tremely elongate  form,  depressed  but  narrow  autn'riorly,  the  head  as  seen 
from  above  appearing  shovel-shapod,  with  tnineato  snout;  nape  not 
elevated  and  the  cheeks  not  fjildjous;  width  anteriorly  everywhere  ex- 
ceeding il<'pth ;  luontli  inferior  and  transverse,  overlappeil  by  the  short, 
depressed  snout  for  11  distance  e<iualiug  diameter  of  pupil;  width  of 
month  nearly  twice  distance  from  symphysis  of  lower  jaw  to  angle  of 
mouth,  the  latter  reaching  vertical  from  snout  to  front  of  pupil.  Teeth 
small,  weakly  tricuspid,  in  narrow  bands,  lower  jaw  containing  10  series 
iu  each  half,  the  upper  11.  Eye  large,  IJ^  in  total  interorbital  width, 
equaling  length  of  snont,  3^  iu  head.  Nostrils  with  a  very  short  tubular 
rim.  Mucous  pores  large;  texture  of  head  and  body  firmer  than  in  most 
deep-sea  Liparids.  Gill  opening  reduced  to  a  narrow  slit  entirely  above 
the  pci^torals,  its  width  eqnaling  J  diameter  of  orbit.  Opercle  produced 
into  a  narrow  spinous  process,  forming,  with  its  membranaceous  flap,  a 


Jordan  ajid  Evrrmann.  • — Fishes  of  North  Amrrira.      2137 


quadiatr  projection  oror  middle  slit.  Disk  suin]],  under  thn  opcrclen  nnd 
posterior  part  of  chct-ka,  ronnd  in  siiape.  Hlijjblly  Hiuiillcir  tliuo  i'y4<,  tM 
diaiiiet«r  i  litngiJi  of  heoil;  veut  aepuniteil  Crom  di.sk  liy  iibuiit !,  diauiuter 
of  (Li«k.  DiAtance  tVom  vent  to  front  of  iin;)l  ^  its  (listanof  from  tip  of 
buout.  Body  extn-UK^ly  »lend<-r,  its  deptli  .-it  niiddli-  of  totiil  1cu(;tli  equal- 
ing diamnter  of  eye,  at  bik<e  uf  raudnl  i-i]iialing  j  diumetor  of  pupil.  Iter- 
sul  bvgiauing  slijditly  bekiuil  axil  of  pettoruts;  diHtiinec  froiu  origin  of 
anal  lo  ti[i  of  snout  }  its  dist:inci>  from  bitae  of  i-aiidiil;  upper  lolie  of  peo- 
tonil  extending  slightly  pa^t  front  of  .'lUal,  tbu  lower  lobe  to  ujipiwitu  the 
vent;  rayH  of  lower  lobe  psirtiy  Iree;  dorsal  with  about  51  rnysi,  pectorals 
with  29.  t'olor  nearly  uuiform  iln.-tky  bromiinh,  lighter  on  ftnont,  belly, 
and  nuder  side  uf  honil;  uiouth,  gill  onvity  and  peritoneum  white. 
Length  3  inches.  Bering  Kou  north  of  rnatosku  Island,  in  deep  water. 
iiKzeyi/c,  drawn  out.) 

Carrprocl  144  MUtuM,  OildCkt,  Kept.  IT.  S.  Kl«b  Cuiuin.  1W)3  ilXM),  442,  Berine  Sem  north 
of  Unalaska  Island,  at  Albatross  Station  3331,  in  350  fathocns. 


788.  GYRINICHTHYS.  Gilbert. 
Oyriniehthyi,  GILB8BT.  Bept.  U.  S.  ri«li  (.'«mni.  1893  (1800),  444  Iminytreimu). 

Teeth  Hiinplc,  not  trionspid.  Bo<ly  attenuate  posteriorly,  us  in  Parnlip- 
ariB,  thii  tail  scarcely  distinct.  Disk  Binnll.  under  the  juislerior  p«irt  of 
the  hi>ad,  the  veut  iuiniedintely  behind  it.  l'ect«r»l»  without  unterinr 
lobe,  the  rtiys  progressively  sbortfued,  none  of  thorn  esserted  or  with  free 
tips,  (till  openings  reduced  to  a  uiiiinte  round  pore,  well  above  boae  of 
pectorals.     One  species  known.     (^i.'/j/»'oc,  tadpole;  /;f5r5,  fish,) 

2470.  OYKIMCIITnTS  XIXTTRKXFS,  GUbort. 

Body  in  the  type  greatly  distended  with  eggs,  the  original  shape  dilTioult 
to  ttsoertain,  tapering  posteriorly  Into  an  cxtrenndy  slender,  roniprcsscd 
tail.  Head  slender,  not  greatly  deprojisf-d,  the  ilcptli  and  width  about 
eipial.  Nuchal  region  not  elevated,  the  prolile  rising  but  littli^  behiml  the 
snout,  which  is  Iduut,  with  aluiOKt  vertical  piulilo,  .Mouth  very  sinull, 
alulo^t  entirely  tniusverse  nt  end  of  snout,  with  but  little  lateial  cleft,  the 
angle  of  mouth  scarcely  reaching  vertical  from  nostril;  jaws  even,  the 
snout  very  slightly  protruding  beyond  preni.ixilluries.  Tecih  slender, 
acionlar,  without  cusps,  the  inner  teeth  longest;  bunds  uf  teeth  very 
narrow,  with  but  5  or  (5  obliijue  series  in  e.ich  half  of  i-ach  jaw;  the 
teeth  directed  backward,  lint  scarcely  depressiblc.  Nostrib*  witliout 
tube.  Eye  large,  \\  in  total  interorbital  width,  equaling  length  of 
snout.  Gill  opening  a  small  pore,  srnrcely  larger  than  nostril,  well  aopa- 
rnted  from  upper  margin  of  pectoral.  Disk  of  moderate  si/e,  round,  its 
diameter  i-qualiiig  ^  length  of  bead:  veut  rloao  behind  disk,  separated 
from  it  by  J,  ita  distance  from  front  of  anul  (In.  Peitoral  small,  its  up|)«r 
edge  on  a  level  with  lower  margin  of  eye,  the  'i  tins  ion\  erging  under  the 
throat,  the  anterior  rays  progrefisivcly  sliorlened,  all  iuclud<-d  within 
the  mcnibianc;  dorsal  without  any  detached  anterior  portion,  beginning 
well  behind  the  head,  at  a  distance  from  gill  opening  ei|ualing  }  length  of 
3030 57 


2138         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum, 


head;  like  the  anal,  it  is  continaona  with  th«  very  nairow  candal  fin, 
there  bfing  no  notch  or  evident  separation  between  them;  distance  from 
tip  of  snont  to  front  of  anal  \\  in  distance  of  latter  from  base  of  caudal ; 
dorsal  with  about  45  rays ;  caudal  with  a  very  narrow  base,  containing, 
apparently,  14  rays,  its  length  equaling  that  of  snout  and  eye.  Color  light 
brownish,  everywhere  dusted  with  minute  black  specks,  which  are  largest 
on  back  and  tail ;  lining  of  mouth  and  gill  cavity  and  peritoneum  white. 
Eggs  large,  viflible  through  the  abdominal  wall,  about  %\  mm.  in  diameter. 
Length  3  inches.  Bering  Sea,  north  of  Uualaska  Island,  in  350  fathoms; 
only  the  type  known,    (^fxpoj,  reduced;  r/o;^tt a,  aperture.) 

OyrintcMAj/t  minytrmiMM,  OiLBBBT,  Rapt.  IT.  S.  Comm.  1893  (1896),  444,  Bering  Sea,  north 
of  Unataska  Island,  at  Albatross  Station  3331,  in  350  fathom*.    (Type,  No.  48617.) 

789.  AMITRA,  Goode. 

Amitra,  Goods,  Proc.  TT.  S.  Nat.  Mu«.  1880, 478  (Uparina). 

Monomitra.  CrOODK.  Proc.  V.  S.  Nat.  Muh.  1883, 109  {Uparina) ;  name  changed  on  aoooontof 
the  prior  use  of  the  nanie  Atnitrtu. 

Body  elongate,  attenuate  backward,  covered  with  lax,  smooth,  slimy 
skin,  vhich  is  separated  from  the  body  and  fins  by  a  filmy  miicous  inter- 
tissue.  Head  small,  thick,  convex  between  eyes;  snout  convex,  protrud- 
iug;  mouth  small,  horizontal,  the  lower  jaw  included;  teeth  small;  eyes 
lateral ;  gill  openings  restricted  to  small  slits  above  the  base  of  the  pecto- 
rals, covered  by  the  very  small  opercle;  pseudobranohise  present,  very 
small,  no  barbels;  dorsal  and  anal  fins  many-rayed;  dorsal  continuous 
almost  concealed  by  the  skiu,  the  s])ines  scarcely  different  &om  the  soft 
rays;  anal  similar  to  dorsal;  both  connected  with  the  caudal,  which  is 
pointed;  no  trace  of  ventral  fins  or  sucking  disk;  pectoral  fin  very  broad, 
procurrent,  its  lower  rays  insetted  nearly  under  the  eye,  the  tin  emargi- 
nate;  vent  well  behiud  head.  This  };enu8  is  of  very  doubtful  value,  the 
presen<'0  of  pseudobraiicliiw  alone  separatinjt  it  from  ParaliparU.*  (ti, 
■without;  jiir/Jtr,  stomacher.) 

2471.  AMITRA  LIPARINA,  ('>o<Hle. 

D.  67;  A.  54;  pectonil  '2',i;  caudal  (i.  Body  elongate,  compressed  pos 
teriorly,  very  thin  at  tlie  tail,  covered  by  a  thick,  Lix,  slimy  skin. 
Head  small,  thick,  couvex  botweeu  the  eycH,  lengtli  4^  tiuies  in  width,  ^ 

*The  following  words  of  Pr(«fi<8.Mor  Putnam,  written  before  tlit  disoovery  of  Ptyehro- 
luti-s  ami  Liparidiilir  w  itljout  ^  enlriil  disk,  are  of  interest  in  this  connection :  "  I  nhould 
put  the  family  of  (/'•  bietoriiliK  far  away,  at  lia»t  a  Biilmrder  off,  from  the  Cyelopleridtr  and 
J/iliaridid(e,  which  are  far  more  closely  iinite<l  to  the  true  Cottida,  n<|>re!<eiit«d  bj"  Cotti  $ 
and  llenntripterut,  than  to  either  t\m'(lvhietocidm  proper  or  to  the  Gobl«-H  and  Blennies. 
In  f.ict,  Lijiaria  liua  nit  close  atHnitict,  as  nhciwn  by  it«  skeleton,  with  Cvttxa  and  Ifrmi- 
Irijitrnman  with  Ci/clo/ileni.y;  and  we  have  in  the  tlireo  groups,  reprwMfUted  by  Cottuf. 
Lilian;  and  Ci/clapleni^,  wellniarke)!  families  of  thnsame  sulwrder.  The  only  chanx-trr 
by  whiih  the  Cinlnpleridit  iinA  Z>i;>ari(/i(/<F  arccloHclyiinitml  consists  in  the  peculisrform- 
ation  of  tho  ventral  disk  by  the  union  of  the  ventral' tins;  but  as  this  structure  is  simply 
broueht  .'kbont  by  the  nioilitictation  of  the  rays  in  n  manner  common  to  the  seveml  genera, 
and  not  by  any  marked  anatomical  dill'crence  in  tlie  structure  of  tho  same  tins  in  CottuM. 
I  can  only  look  np<in  it  as  a  generic  character  common  to  the  known  rspresentatives  of 
both  families  of  ('ycViplri-idir  anil  Lipurididir:  and  tho  discovery  of  a  representiitive  of 
either  family  with  ventral  fins  of  the  ordinary  form  wonld  not  necessitHtii  the  establish- 
ment of  a  family  for  its  reception,  as  in  lliat  case  we  shoiilil  »ini]dy  consider  the  struotnre 
as  of  generic  value."    (Putnam,  Proc.  Am.  Ass.  Adv.  Sci.  1873, 337.) 


Jordan  and  Evi-rmann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2139 


of  the  Cotul  IvngtL  without  vuadal;  euout  convex,  protnidiiig;  mouth 
under  the  snout  unil  fiir  bui'k  from  its  tip;  eyes  laterul,  \  om  widn  iia  the 
iutcTorbitul  iireu;  nostrils  in  fruut  of  the  eye.  Operctiliini  very  kuaII, 
Bt.iap  sh;iprd.  Gills  Sj.  I'Heudobrnnchiio  present.  Teeth  wenk,  paved. 
Doninl  hegmuiiiK  over  end  of  pertoral,  the  rays  iind  outline,  %»  of  the 
anal,  huidly  viHihle  throiijth  the  Hkln:  uiial  IteKiDuiug  beluw  eighth  to 
t<?nth  dors.il  rayn;  dorsal  :iiid  auul  rays  closely  eunnerted  with  those  of 
ciiudal,  which  ure  liitKer  ami  extend  iu  8  penoil-Iiku  point;  ventrals 
absent;  pcctunil  broiid,  lower  Ixiso  aluiotit  below  posttrior  uiiirgin  of 
orbit,  lowi!at  ti  rays  prolonged.  The  Jugular  disk  oun  not  be  found.  Color 
yellowish  white,  dusky  towiird  the  tail  tiud  tduekixh  upon  the  autorior 
part  of  the  homl;  ubdoiuinal  cavity  showing  black  through  the  skin. 
Length  5  iuohe?).  Atlantic  Ocean,  off  lihodu  Island,  in  4h7  fathoms, 
(Goode.)     (fijtartfKi,  like  LipatHt.) 

AmUra  (>>driua.  Goode,  Proc.  r.  S.  Nat.  Una.  1880,  igJ,  off  Rhode  tatond  (Tyiw.  No. 

26IM.    Ciill.  FUh  llaiek) ;  JoHDA.t  &.  (ilLnRKT.  Synupnla.  7311. 1883. 
Jtonomilia  IliiarUut,  Gonng.  I'nHi.  V. S.  Nat.  Miu.  1883. 1U1>. 
raraUiiarin  liparintu,  liCjrrnuR.  ClmUmgrr.  Kii^Mtt.  .\Xil.  Dvepaea  FlKbea,08,  IW';  OAJt- 

MAX,  DiaCQboU,  .'12,  IS^J  i  Uouus  a.  Ukav,  Ovcuiic  Icbtliyulogy,  Z78,18W, 


790.  PARALIPARIS,  CoH.ilt. 

ParaUparit,  Coixett,  VW.  Sclnk.  Forh.  Chrintinna,  14,  .13.  18T8  ibatkyhii). 
l£illirudarflii.  liouDK  A  BkaA,  tiri-iuiiv  lulilliyulugy.  380,  1890  |nM>m^anil««ii). 
jAwUrichlhfii.  JoKDAN  St-  EVKK]U.N!(.  Cbeck-Liat.  453,  IBM  (eephatwi). 

This  geuns  difTera  from  Careproctut  chiefly  iu  the  total  abaence  of  the 
ventral  di»k.  The  teeth,  so  far  as  described,  are  simple,  as  in  the  older 
iiiilivi<luiils  of  Careproftut.  liody  long,  slender  in  the  caudal  portion, 
covered  with  a  loose,  thin  skin.  Vent  remote  from  the  anal.  I'ecto- 
r.ils  deeply  notched  or  divided.  Dorsal  and  anal  long,  and  conHuent 
with  the  Caudal.  Vertebni*  numerous,  (<ill  rakers  3^.  Psendobrunchiii' 
entirely  Wiinting,  I>eep-seii  flshes  of  the  Arctic.  The  species  are  all  of 
very  recent  liisoovery.  They  vary  conHiderably  jiniong  themt«elvc8,  and 
are  perhaps  divisible  into  2  or  3  genera.  Among  such  degenerate  forms, 
the  characters  usually  taken  as  generic  lose  their  value,  (^apd,  near; 
l.ipari».) 

a.  Insertion  of  pectoral  low,  lt«  npper  ray  below  (lie  level  of  (lie  eye. 
Pahxliparis: 

b.  UitI  u|>«>iiiiigii  rnthpr  Urgo.  tbo  gill  »lit  citeDiling  donruward  to  opponite  middle 
or  pwtoral ,  lirid  larite.  f>  Iu  length :  doptb  I).  D.  80;  A.  54 1  protural  divided 
to  the  baao,  Ita  lolice  wboUy  lepante,  ite  mys  31 ;  lower  jaw  included. 

Hoix>JULas,  2(73. 
AMTmicirrHTa  (o,  witliont;  ^irpa.  dtuniofbKr;  ;x*«.  U'h.): 
bt.  Gill  u|ienini;ii  reetrirU^l  Ui  Ibr  ri^glmt  jtlKive  iH-rtomlii. 

e.  Hvad  very  \»Te^.  4|  in  Ipoutb,  Ua  deptli  at  ocelpiit  <]  in  Irnictli.  twice 
deptb  uf  iMxIy  »l  front  «l  anal :  lownr  Jnw  prujorliui; ;  perlurul  ra.vn  14, 
ihi' nn  itiiii|il>  ijiiti<li«<l.  cmLU.vSvM7S. 

M.  II*a<l  rallirr  *\iiM,  &  to  A)  '■■  longtb. 

d.  I'<<ciiinil  Hn  illvtricil  to  thft  h««f,  lia  IoIhw  M^tanUi  Icnrer  Jaw  In- 
cluded^ boadOl  iu  IcOKtb.  depth  ij.  KMACII^b,  'HIM. 


2140  Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


dd.  Pectoral  fin  more  or  lean  deeply  notched,  pot  divided  to  baae. 

t.  Lower  Jaw  projecting.    P.  16;  D.  67;  A. 48;  head  6|  tn  length; 

depth  5}.  MBMTO,  2476. 

M.  Lower  jBw  included. 

/.  Pectoral  rays  31;  head  6}  In  length;    depth  6.    D.65; 

A.  65.  CX>PXI,  2478. 

//.  Pectoral  rays  30;  head  6  in  length;  depth  6^.    D.SO; 

A.  40.  DACTTLOevS,  3477. 

HlLaSRDOBFIA:* 

aa.  Insertion  of  pectoral  very  high,  its  upper  rays  ahove  pupil;  lower  Jaw  included; 
Iiectoral  fin  notched;  gill  opening  small;  head  5;  depth  5.  D.  65:  A.  60; 
P.  25.  ULOCHUI,2478. 

Subgenus  PARALIPARIS,  CoUett 
8473.  PABALIPABIS  HOLOMELiB,  GUbert. 

Head  about  5;  depth  about  6;  eyo  3}.  D.  58  to  61;  A.  54.  Head  very 
large  uud  heavy,  with  vt-ry  broudly  roauded  snout,  and  maoh  swollen 
ooci]>ital  and  uuchal  regiouB,  the  highost  point  over  upper  opercular 
augl(>,  fVom  whi<-h  poiut  the  profile  descends  rapidly  backward,  though 
much  less  so  than  in  P.  cephalut.  Snout  very  blunt,  evenly  rounded,  very 
slightly  proj'ecting  beyond  the  month,  its  width  equaling  length  of  snout 
and  eye,  \  length  of  bead;  eye  |  intororbital  width;  mouth  large, 
horizontal,  quite  at  lower  side  of  snout,  entirely  below  the  eye;  max- 
illary reaching  a  vertical  slightly  behind  posterior  margin  of  orbit,  1|  in 
bead ;  teeth  ucut<',  arranged  in  oblique  series  in  each  jaw,  forming  a  very 
narrow  band  in  niaudiblo,  a  broader  band  in  upper  Jaw;  very  large 
mucous  slits  on  head,  5  fbriniug  a  series  from  tip  of  snout  below  eye  and 
across  cheek,  6  alonj;  mandible  aud  preopercle;  gill  slit  wide,  extending 
from  above  opercular  Hap  nearly  to  uiidille  of  biise  of  pectorals,  its  longth 
'2i  ill  that  of  head;  opercle  fonniujj  p<)st<'riorly  a  narrow  angular  tlap, 
projectiiifj  above  bjise  of  jiectorals;  no  psendobranchiie;  vent  below  oper- 
culiir  ll;ip,  or  soiiiewli:it  iu  advance  of  th:it  point,  nearer  to  base  of  pee- 
toriils  anteriorly  tlinn  to  lirst  :inal  r;iy ;  pectorals  inserted  very  low,  the 
base  of  iip])er  lobe  vertical,  tlie  base  of  notch  and  lower  lobe  horizontal, 
the  upper  end  of  base  below  the  level  of  the  eye;  pectorals  with  2  wholly 
distinct  lobes,  the  interspace  without  free  uienibniiiaceous  margin,  the  skin 
of  abdomen  directly  coutinuoim  at  this  point  with  that  of  shoulder  girdle. 
On  dissecting  off  the  iiitegiunent,  however,  the  interspace  between  the 
lobes  is  seen  to  be  provided  with  2  or  II  short,  widely  spaced  rays,  as  iu 
all  other  species  examined  by  us;  upper  lobe  long,  reaching  beyond  front 
of  an:il,  the  rays  close  set,  18  in  number,  included  in  the  membranes  to 
their  tips;  lower  lobe  consisting  of  ,5  or  6  slender,  almost  tilamentons 
rays,  the  longest  reaching  front  of  anal,  all  of  them  free  to  the  base, 
without  connecting  membrane;  anterior  (lower)  ends  of  shoulder  girdle 
approximate,  tli<'  riys  separated  by  a  di8t;iiice  equaling  i  diameter  of 
pupil;  dorsiil  beginning  above  base  of  p<>ctoral8.  Color  uniformly  black, 
including  tins  !iud  lining  of  mouth  and  gill  cavity.     Closely  allied  to  P. 


'  Named  for  Dr.  Frauz  Uilgendorf,  ichlbyolugiat  of  tlio  L'niveruity  of  Berlin. 


Jordan  and  Evemtann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     2141 

njihnlu^  and  /'.  mmto,  iHlVi'riiiji  in  it«  tmiform  I'liloriitioii,  it«  more  infcri- 
(irly  placed  li«ri-<coiitiil  nunith,  ntiil  I  ho  dinlinrtly  iiioliidiHl  Iowit  jiiw. 
l-"iij{tJi  i  ioclit>s.  Hi?rirJK  !s<'u,  north  of  Unalftnkii  Isliind,  in  (Iim-ji  water; 
imly  •_' speiimens  kuown.     ((lilbi-rt.)     (oA-oj,  entiroly ;  //«A<t;,  black.) 

I'araliparui  kolerMUu.  Gimirkt,  Kept  V.  S.  Fiah  Coiam.  ias3  (1890),  411,  Bonne  Sea,  oarth 
of  Unalaska  Iiland,  at  Albatroaa  Station*  3308  and  333a,  in  406  and  1,615  fathoraa. 
<Tjrpi>,  No.  wew.) 

Subgenus  AMITRICHTHYS,  jQrdan  *  KvnnnaDn. 
8<7S.  PiBiLlPAHlS  (-KPnALt  S,'  GllheTt. 

Hratl  v«'ry  larRe,  higli,  ami  i-unipressed,  tlio  ujipor  profilo  ilcsoeinlriiff  iji 
a  stronji  convex  curve  lii'liinil  tlio  Occijiiit;  body  tjijH-riiif;  ]»osteriorly  to  a 
very  tmrrow  ihn'ud-lik*)  tail.  Sicle-t  of  iiiMiiJ  vt-rticiil  or  JncliniDg  inwards 
below.  llLMj;bt  of  head  twioo  height  of  bcniy  op|io»<itf  oriKin  of  iinnl. 
Intvrorl>it,-il  8{iace  trau8V)T»ely  rounded,  itti  widtb  slightly  leHS  than 
Iriigth  of  tinoiit  and  eye.  Kyo  of  moderate  size,  4  in  )iea<l,  withont  verti- 
cal ruufie.  Month  <dili<|no,  th«i  prcniaxillarie»  but  little  below  lower 
niiirpiu  of  eye;  lowrr  jiiw  lonRiT  tliiin  upper,  the  tip  protruding;  iniix- 
llluiy  renehinj;  vnrtii'al  from  posterior  margin  of  eye,  ali^htly  lutire  than 
lrni;t1i  of  head.  Gill  HiitH  iiiirraw,  uoiilitKtd  to  a  re{;ioii  ahow  tbi^  base  of 
th"  puctorals;  membrane  cotiueetinif  br;inehio«tegal  rays  witli  nliontder 
jfirdle  very  didic;itc  and  ciisily  ru)4ure<l ;  vent  distant  lens  tliaii  a  diaint'ter 
of  the  orbit  froni  thim  poitit,  beinn  bilmv  the  front  luiirdiu  of  tbe  preo- 
percle.  Ti'ctli  in  narrow  bands  in  botli  jaws,  the  teeth  of  the  bandH 
arrrinjjed  in  idiliquo  neriew  riinniui^  ontw;inI  ami  forward;  palate  tooth- 
less. Head  ii  in  length,  K^'^tfRt  dejith  (at  occiput)  4},  Pectoral  Kinal), 
with  about  11  rayn,  the  upper  onea  closest  and  fortiiin);  a  projecting  lobe, 
which  extentU  backwardu  to  beyond  ori|;in  of  anal,  the  wiecet^dinK  rays 
shortened  and  wide  sot,  and  with  the  tips  free  froui  the  niembrajie,  the 
liu  somewhat  nuitilated,  but  apparently  notched,  not,  however,  to  the 
base,  tlio  median  portion  having  wide-set  rays;  iipjier  margin  of  poc- 
torulB  on  A  level  with  tij)  of  lower  jaw;  dorwal  beginning  ulightly  behind 
head;  lirat  ray  of  anal  under  eighth  of  dor«al.  Color  light  reddi.'sh,  the 
tiliilonnen  blue  black;  innide  of  month  and  gill  opening  white.  In  the 
Hmalleat  speeinienw.  1'  inches  long,  the  oolor  is  dnsky  on  hiail  aad  body, 
and  on  inside  of  mouth.  Longest  sperinicn  3)  inches.  This  apeetes  dif- 
ferH  from  Paralipari*  {lUlpndOrJin)  mrmhranavruK  in  the  stnicturo  c>f  the 
peetorai  fins  and  their  miieh  fewer  ray»,  in  the  pojiition  of  the  vent  (below 
the  posterior  margin  of  the  orbit  in  v\emhranac«un,  the  differetit  outlitu'  of 
head,  and  in  the  larger,  more  oblii|no  mouth.  In  none  of  the  Npeeiuu'nH 
of  ffphtihii  are  there  fin  folds  extending  forw.inl  from  front  of  dora,'il  and 
anal,  a«  deHcribed  iu  mi  ml>iauari:u».     Alaska  to  C'llifortiia,  in  deep  water; 


*  Dr.  (ijlbrrt  lator  rccenlx  novcral  more  or  Ima  miitllalo)  nprrinieiia  nflprwards  talcon 
north  uf  tTuiilanka  ItilaDtl,  ami  n<inr  TiiiDt  R^ven,  Cntiromiu.  In  ilcpthn  of  'i^i  nod  4SS 
fattionn.  In  this  »i>eoie«  the  iipcteral  In  iiis«rti-d  vprj-  luw,  Its  appcT  pd|reenllrelv  below 
th"  I'je-  TliB  IciweT  jow  jilitit"  wlililti  ihp  iippflr,  tail  llic  synipliynin  pretTiHl**,  I'lie  <li*- 
pra|>ortioD  iu  nils  of  head  anil  IkhIv  U  iiinro  iixngecratri)  tn  thoyoiiuu  than  in  adiilta.  In 
vcn,'  tmall  exainplcH  the  h<ui<l  ia'alhio«(  nphcrical,  dimlniiilifng  abruptly  to  tb«  very 
nleudertull.    Ho  paeiidobranchiu:.    (GtllHirt.) 


2142         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 

several  specimeuB  in  284  to  685  fatboras  off  the  coast  of  California  and 
Oregon,  aud  north  of  IJnalnska.    {xt^aXff,  head.) 

VaraliparU  eephalut,  Gilbcbt,  Proc.  U.  S.  Kat  Hur.  1891,  Ml,  off  California  and  Oregon, 
at  Albatross  Stations  3839,  aSgs,  3070,  and  3071,  in  184  to  685  iathoms. 

S474.  PiRALIPABIS  BOSiCECS, ailbert. 

Head  small,  5|;  depth  4f.  D.  58;  A.  53.  Body  slender,  covered  with 
.  lax  skin,  which  invootH  also  the  fins;  mouth  transverse,  nearly  horizontal, 
the  maxillary  scarcely  vertical  from  front  of  pnpil,  equaling  len^h  of 
snout,  3i  in  head;  eye  i  interorbital  width,  5  in  bead.  Teeth  in  lower 
jaw  pointed,  in  a  single  close-set  series,  their  even  tips  forming  an  almost 
uniform  cutting  edge;  teeth  in  upper  jaw  apparently  paved,  tbejaw  pre- 
senting a  smooth,  rounded  surface,  on  which  the  teeth  are  little  evident, 
but  occasionally  preHcuting  ttharp,  projecting  points;  lower  jaw  inclnded. 
A  series  of  conspicuous  mucous  pores  on  snout,  mandible,  and  on  preoper- 
cle.  Gill  opening  a  narrow  slit  above  base  of  pectorals.  Pectoral  fin 
divided  into  2  wholly  distinct  lobes  not  connected  by  intervening  rays, 
a  spae^  without  rays  present,  equaling  diameter  of  pnpil ;  lower  lobe  of 
4  rays,  the  longest  }  bead,  inserted  nnder  preopercular  margin ;  main  por- 
tion of  the  fln  with  about  15  rays  and  but  slightly  longer  than  the  lower 
lobe;  dorsal  beginning  behind  middle  of  pectorals,  its  distance  fi'om  tip 
of  snout  4^  in  length ;  distance  of  origin  of  anal  from  tip  of  snout  eqaal- 
ing  i  standard  length ;  vent  under  base  of  upper  pectoral  rays,  bat  wholly 
behind  base  of  lower  lobe  of  pectorals,  its  distance  from  tip  of  snont 
e(|naling  length  of  bead  and  equaling  also  its  distance  from  origin  of  anal ; 
no  trace  of  ventnil  disk  or  fins.  Color  light  rose-red,  the  fins  and  head 
largely,  jet  black;  abdomen  behind  vent  blackish ;  peritoneum  and  lining 
nieuibraneH  of  mouth  and  gill  cavity  jet-black.  Length  5^  inches.  Off 
coast  of  Southern  Ciilifornia.     (rosaceua,  rosy.) 

ParaliparU  rotacew,  (ilLBKRT,  Pr<)C.  TT.  .S.  N»t.  Mus.  1800,  03,  off  coast  of  California  at 
Albatross  Station,  agig,  984  fathoms;  (Iaiimax.  DiscolMli,  80,  1892. 

2475.  PARALIPARIS  JIE>TO,  Gilbert. 

Head  rt\  in  length  without  caudal,  equaling  the  greatest  depth.  D. 
.57;  A.  43;  pectoral  16.  Eye  a  tritlo  less  than  interorbital  width,  greater 
than  snont.  3  in  head;  mouth  oblique,  with  lateral  cleft,  the  maxillary 
reaching  Klightly  beyond  the  middle  of  the  orbit,  i  as  long  as  the  head; 
chin  very  prominent,  the  mandible  with  a  wide,  nieinbranaceons  border, 
which  forms  .anteriorly  a  bro.ad  free  fold  over  anterior  portion  of  base 
of  pectorals.  Teetli  in  both  jaws  comparatively  long  and  slender,  not 
tricnspitl,  arranged  in  b.ands,  those  in  upper  jaw  at  least  in  oblique  rows 
as  usual  in  Liparids.  Nostril  with  a  single  opening  and  without  tube. 
Gill  opening  but  little  wider  than  diameter  of  eye,  confined  to  region 
above  biuie  of  pectorals.  Pectorals  inserted  very  low,  their  upper  rays 
below  level  »)f  angle  of  month,  the  ba.se  almost  horizontal,  and  the  ante- 
rior ends  of  shoulder  girdle  form  prcmiineut  projections  below  tips  of 
mandibles,  fin  very  deeply  notched,  the  upper  lobe  extending  slightly 


Jordan  and  Evermann, — Fishes  of  North  Amtriia.     -143 


beyond  origin  of  anal,  the  sbortest  middle  ray  altnnt  i  that  length ;  a  few 
of  the  lower  rayfl  clniignte  rtml  jmrtly  frer'  from  tho  uit'iulirane,  t!ie  longest 
eciiuiliiij;  the  li-nRtli  (if  tlie  vipjicr  lol>»3:;  middle  pectunil  ruys  widt«  «6t,  Imt 
no  raylcsR.  interval  hrtwoeii  tlio  lulics;  peotornls  converging  to  innoedi- 
diutely  lieliind  sympliysis  of  lower  jaw.  Tvlicie  their  bawcs  iiuet ;  iiiial 
opening  vertically  belovr  iiiiddliiof  orbit;  dorsal  bfginninj;  a  trilie  Imbind 
tlie  iqi[iei'  :iag1o  of  k'"  uj>«iiiii^,  tbu  anul  (iri);iti  iinitt^r  itx  eighth  I'iiy. 
Skill  looHuly  iuvcMting  the  hrad  iknil  body.  E^i^;bt  riuldi.sli,  made  dusky 
\iy  minute  durk  ilota;  abdoioeii  blue  black;  rnouth  and  gill  cavity  light 
or  dusky.  Closuly  aliiod  tu  Paraliparia  ( Htigemlorfa )  menibranaceifB  (GUn- 
ther),  but  with  very  h4rttvy  lower  jaw,  which  ])roj*>r;ts  beyond  tlio  upper. 
The  pri^uuixinurioa  are  high,  on  the  level  of  tho  lower  rim  of  the  orbit, 
and  the  form  ia  lunch  mure  elungate.  The  pet'tnniis  are  inserted  min-h 
lower,  aud  Uh'  vent  ia  farther  forward.  Length  8}  inches.  OIF  iliv  coaet 
uf  Oregon  in  deep  water,     (tiilbert.)     {mento,  having  a  projecting  chin.) 

Paralipnris  mriifo.  (iiiJiKiiT,  I'roc  U.  9.  Nat.  Maa,  1881,  fiS'J,  off  Coaat  of  Oregon  at  Alba- 
troks  Station  3071,  in  683  rathomt. 

H7«.  PABlilPAItIS  COPEI,  Goods  &  Beui. 

Ili'ad  6i;  depth  about  6;  ouuut  3i ;  eyi?  34.  I).  6<l;  A.  55;  pectoral 
17  +  3;  caudiil  10.  Snout  iiroad,  iililiise;  interurbital  width  ei|i]aJiug 
lengtl)  of  jioHt<'rior  part  of  head  ;  nostril  alxmt  niidwuy  between  ey«  and 
tij)  of  snout,  ill  a  very  short  tube.  Five  largo  niiieoiiN  pores  on  each 
sidn  n(  Hiiout,  3  ijiiiuller  on«H  «>n  cheek  uiKlur  i-yu,  and  (>  011  mandible 
and  edge  of  operculiir  buneu.  Teeth  iiiintite,  villiform,  and  in  2 
«i!rie8.  tiill  opening;  a  verj*  siuiill  slit,  ed^jed  with  bliiek  at.  njiper  angle  of 
pectoral.  Origin  of  dorsal  diKtiint  from  .snont  IJ  tljue.s  lenj.rfh  of  head; 
tip  of  pectoral  when  extended  about  under  second  or  tbinl  ray  of  dorsal; 
aniil  origin  under  ninth  or  tenth  dorsal  ray  ;  length  of  middle  vandal 
ray  10^  timed  in  rttund.ird  length;  longest  peettiral  ray  oi|naliug  i  dis- 
tant^ from  Huoiit  to  dorHal;  lougest  ray  of  the  isolated  portion  of  tlie  lin 
e<{naling  that  of  middle  candal  ray;  distaoce  of  vent  from  tip  of  xnont 
nearly  eijiial  to  length  of  head;  vent  a  narrow  Hlit  placed  horizontally, 
directly  nnder  base  of  pectoral.  Pyloric  Citca  4  to  6.  Color,  anterior  lialf 
of  body  very  pale,  whitish;  posterior  half  very  light  brown;  Buont,  <'hin, 
and  edge  of  gill  opening  and  region  uliout  the  vent  black.  This  species 
has  nearly  tho  same  number  (vf  rayn  iu  the  doraal  and  aual  an  are  recordeil 
for  /'.  htttlij/hiiiit,  but  the  jicctonil  ha«  17  ruyu  in  the  tipper  p<irtion  .ninl  3 
in  the  lower,  Tlie  jaws  are  shorter  than  in  /',  bathi/hiuii:  thn  form  i»  nioro 
clongatoand  the  coloration  inatrikingly  dirt'cront,  uuterior  half  of  tho  body 
pale,  almost  whitish,  while  the  xDout,  chin,  and  anal  origin  lire  black. 
Length  about  8  inches.  The  egg.s  of  an  example  ft  llttio  smaller  than  tho 
type  have  a  diami'tor  of  about  3  uiiu.  Xt  tbe  same  tiuio  the  ovaries*  con- 
tain Home  eggs,  which  have  not  t^acbed  maturity,  whose  diameter  ia  onl.v 
i  mm.  The  mtoniach  ix  a  tttoiit  snbxpherical  receptacle,  ita  greatest  width 
)  of  its  length.  Oulf  Stream,  in  deep  water.  (Named  for  I'rof.  Edward 
Drink Gi  Cope.) 


2144  Bulletm  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


ParaUparit  t-opei.  Goods  it.  Bbak,  Ooeaaic  Ichthyology,  279,  fig.  SS3, 1806,  Quif  Stream,  at 
Albatross  Station  333*1  i°  39°  "'  i7"  N.,  73°  9'  30"  W.,  in  510  fathoms,  (Type,  No. 
35637.) 

24?;.  FARiLIPABIN  DACTTL08V8,  OUbert. 

Head  5;  depth  G^.  D.  about  56;  A.  about  46.  Shape  of  head  mnch  the 
Haiiio  ns  in  P.  nlochir,  the  suout  broadly  niunder,  slightly,  if  at  all,  over- 
lapping the  horizontal  mouth,  and  the  cheeks  vertical.  Occipnt  and  napo 
not  conspicuously  swollen.  Lower  jaw  included;  maxillary  reachinff 
vertical  behind  middle  of  ]>upil,  2S  in  head.  Eye  large,  3  in  head;  Itony 
Intororbital  space  5;  snout  H-  Gill  opening  a  narrow  slit  extending  to 
opposite  third  or  fourth  pectoral  ray,  its  length  equaling  diameter  of 
pupil.  Teeth  a<-ute,  in  narrow  bands  in  each  jaw,  each  band  made  np 
of  oblique  rows.  Opcrcle  produced  into  a  pointed  lobe,  which  is  sepa- 
rated from  upper  pectoral  pay  by  a  distance  equaling  diameter  of  pupil. 
Dorsal  beginning  slightly  beliiud  upper  base  of  pectorals;  pectorals 
inserted  lower  than  in  P.  uloehir,  the  upper  ray  on  a  level  with  or  below 
margin  of  pupil;  na  in  /'.  uloehir,  the  2  lobes  joined  by  a  series  of  about 
8  more  widely  spaced  rays,  none  of  the  rays  is  free;  anterior  ends  of  the 
fliis  meeting  under  throat  at  a  point  vertically  below  the  pupil;  pec- 
toral rays  30,  of  which  about  10  constitute  the  lower  lobe;  upper  rays 
extending  beyond  front  of  anal,  but  the  lower  lobe  ap]>arently  mnch 
shorter.  Vent  anterior  in  position,  its  distance  from  pectoral  symphysis 
i  its  distance  from  front  of  annl.  Each  of  the  types  hna  lost  the  epider- 
mis. In  this  condition  the  head  and  body  are  light  or  slightly  dusky, 
except  the  eyes, opercles,  gill  membranes,  and  abdomen,  which  are  black; 
gill  cavity  and  mouth  black;  probably  black  everywhere  in  life.  Very 
close  to  /'.  uloehir,  but  witli  the  upper  insertion  of  pectoral  much  lower, 
opposite  the  lower  margin  of  pupil,  and  the  head  and  body  much  more 
slender  and  elongate.  Length  about  3J  iuches.  f'ft"  Santa  Cmz,  Cali- 
fornia, in  deep  water,     (dactylosiis,  SdnrvXcc,  fingered.) 

Paralipant  dactylonui,  GiLBBUT,  Re]it.  0.  S.  Fish  Comm.  1893  (1896), 409,  pl.34,  fig.  2,  off 
Santa  Cruz,  California,  at  Albatross  Station  3111,  in  296  fathoms. 

Subgenus  HILGENDORFIA,*  GooAe  &  Bean. 
247S.  I'ARAMPARI.S  ri,0(:lfIR,  Gillxrt. 

Head  about  .5  in  length,  C(jualing  the  depth.  1).  abont  65;  A.  about  60. 
Snout  broad  and  short,  very  slightly  projecting  beyond  the  mouth,  the 


•The  siibgrniis  nUijotdorfia,  Gnode  &  Be.in.  ih  tliuH  defined:  "  Liparids  with  larg(>. 
high.  coiuprea.ttd  head,  whose  boiies  are  cxt<»!diugly  thin,  inveruous  .jowg,  even  in  front. 
Vertical  lins  miircRcutcd  by  l>r»ad  median  folds,  conlluent  at  the  posterior  end  of  the  body, 
where  lbi»  ciudal  is  represented  by  2  or  3  excoecliimly  fine,  nlcuder,  termiusl  tilnnients 
Pectoral  very  larpe,  broad  based,  with  niembraneB  fringed  posteriorly  and  havin):  several 
of  the  lower  rays  free,  though  not  foimiii^  a  distinct  ])ortiou  of  the  tin.  No  ventral  disk. 
Vent  far  iidvaneed.  opposite  hind  margin  of  orbit.  Gill  openiiig  as  in  Amilra.  The  tvi>e 
de8e.ril)ed  by  Giiiither  i.s  only  60  mm.  in  lencth.  and  bo  remarks  conreminp  it  that  ft  is 
uncertain  whether  it  represent.-*  a  form  in  which  embryonic  <'liar.icter8  are  persistent,  or 
merely  an  early  stape  of  <levelopmcnt.  IIm  peculiarities  seem  suthcient  to  warrant  its 
bein"  set  apart  for  lurtlier  study  before  it  in  merged  with  J'araliparui.  It  is  named  for 
Dr.  f'raii/.  IliliioDdorf,  of  tho  Iloyal  Zuulugical  Museum,  Burliu."  (Oceanic  lohthyolosy, 
280,1896.)  .»  «.  J      ^. 


Jordan  and  Evemiann. — Fishes  of  North  America,     2145 


distaui'e  from  tip  of  suout  to  front  (if  i>ye  4^  in  leiif^th  of  Lead.     Kyc  large, 

3  to  3i  ill  heiul,  ni'.irly  tivico  the  bimy  i)it«rorl)itn)  width.  Dirt'eriiig 
firom  iitlier  Pacific  »i>ecie9  iti  thi-  higli  insertion  of  tlit>  pectoriils  and  tlieir 
aliort  horizontal  limb,  and  from  I',  hotomelus  iu  Laving  tljtf  liou  not  divided 
into  13  Be(>»nito  lolioa.  In  gent-ral  appearance  greatly  resc^nibling  /'.  halo- 
mrlai,  being  also  nnifortuly  black  in  color,  Laving  tl"<  «inne  broadly 
roiindtid  Knout,  borii^outctl  month  with  iniluiled  lowf<r  Jinv.and  protnini<tit 
occipital  and  niiehttl  ret^Lou.  The  maxillary  reiiflios  Vfrtical  just  boLind 
pn]iil  and  ia  ooiitninod  2^^^  times  iu  heiul.  Teeth  ariit«,  in  riither  Itroad 
bands  in  both  jaws.  Gill  opuninK  a  narrow  slit,  ri-ntrioted  to  ftresiabnvo 
huBO  of  pectoral,  not  longer  than  diumi'ter  of  jmpil.  Opurde  forniing  a 
short,  poiiitfid  lobe  poBtariorly,  whirb  touches  base  of  upper  ptn-toral  ray. 
The  lioud  is  dotuidcd  of  skni,  »o  thi«  nutiire  of  the  mucous  porea  can  not 
bi' iiiftde  out.  Liiirsiil  lieginning  abovo  iipppr  base  of  pootoriils;  pector;il 
placed  hi|,rher  tliim  in  any  ivtber  speuica  known,  it«i  baso  ilescribing  a 
frentlo,  even  ciirvf,  convex  bnckw:ird,  horizontal  for  a  very  sbort  distance 
anteriorly,  ita  upper  end  above  luvol  of  pupil,  aud  its  lower  anti-riiir 
end  V6rti<'ally  below  pouteritir  inar;;iii  of  orbit;  nitper  aud  lower  ijiya  id" 
the  fin  tine  and  ero^vded,  the  niiddlf^  third  of  the  boHe  bftu^  occupiiMl  by 

4  or  o  more  wi<Ie!y  spaced  raya;  the  fin  with  25  ray>s,  of  which  9  belong  to 
the  lower  lobe;  npper  l<die  o.icteudin;;  beyond  ori<;in  of  aual  Jin;  nouu  of 
the  rays  free;  lower  anterior  ends  of  pectoral.4  closely  approximated, 
without  perceptible  inter.s]ia('.e.  Vrnt  anterior  in  position,  a  distinct, 
though  short,  anal  papilla,  niatinee  from  vent  to  anterior  end  of  pecto- 
ral huDe  i  its  diatiiuco  from  front  of  anal.  Longest  specimen  Ho  mm. 
Uniformly  black,  iiichiding  month  and  branchial  cavity.  Gnlf  of  Cali- 
fornia and  Bering  Sea  north  of  Ihialaskii.  Island,  in  deep  watiT.  {ovXoi, 
complete;  x^'Pi  hand.) 

faralijiarii!  uincAir,  <iii.nERT,  Kept.  L^  S.  Fiiih.Coinm.  1883(1899), Ul,  Quit ofCaliromia, at 
Albatross  Station  3P10,  in  1,005  fathoms. 


791.  RHINOLIPARIS.  Gilbe: 


X 


KJiin-otiparit,  GfLSERT.  Kept.  U.  S.Flgh  Comin.  1893  (1800),  445  ( ftartu(t/<Frl . 

Allied  to  Paraliparit,  from  which  it  differs  ia  the  gently  produced  anont, 
whi<'h  mnch  overlaps  the  month,  and  iroars  at  ita  tip  a  pair  of  barbels. 
No  Clicking  disk.  Vent  nttterior,  between  the  pectoral  tins;  pectorals 
deeply  notched,  continunns;  gill  opouiuga  narrow,  mostly  abovo  the  pec- 
t^iralx.  Teeth  acute,  in  a  broad  band  in  each  jaw,  arranged  in  oblique 
oeriea  within  the  band.    Deep  sea.    (/j/v,  snatit;  £ij)ari*.) 


1479.  BHI>'OLlPAniS  BABUiaiFKR,  GUbcrt. 

Head  5};  depth  7 ;  eye  nearly  3.  Slender.  conipreB»ed,  the  greatest  depth 
juat  in  frojit  of  dorsiil,  the  nuchal  region  not  greatly  swollen.  Body 
tapering  into  an  extremely  slender,  uLmoBt  filameutoiia,  tail.  Mouth  small, 
horizontal,  inferior,  tivorpaa.sed  by  the  broadly  routided,  very  soft  snout 
for  a  distance  equaling   diameter  of  papil.     At  the  tip  of  the  snout, 


2146         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  Nationtd  Museum, 


Heparated  by  a  space  \  as  wide  as  pnpil,  are  2  barbels  directed,  forward, 
each  as  lung  lus  the  interspace.  Maxillary  reaching  vertical  from  posterior 
border  of  orbit,  2^  in  head ;  bony  portion  of  interorbital  width  narrow,  { 
diameter  of  pupil;  gilt  slit  narrow,  beginning  opposite  upper  pectoral 
rays,  }  diameter  of  orbit;  no  pseudobranohite ;  opercle  prolonged  posteri- 
orly into  a  narrow  pointed  flap ;  round  mncous  pores  along  under  side  of 
snout  and  suborbital,  and  on  nnder  side  of  mandible.  Pectorals  of  2  lobes, 
the  lower  narrow,  containing  but  4  or  5  rays,  the  upper  with  about  15. 
1  or  2  rays  widely  spaced  connecting  the  2,  none  of  the  rays  free,  the  fin 
inserted  high,  the  upper  end  of  base  on  a  level  with  upper  edge  of  pnpil ; 
below,  the  fins  are  not  approximated  us  closely  as  u«nal,  the  lowermost  rays 
of  the  2  Aus  separated  by  au  interspace  as  wide  as  pupil,  inserted  on  a  ver- 
tical through  middle  of  cheek;  dorsal  originating  slightly  in  firont  of 
gill  slit.  Vent  anterior  in  position,  its  distance  from  front  of  pectorals  f  its 
diHtance  from  front  of  anal  tin.  In  spirits,  light  gray,  dusky  along  bases  of 
dorsal  and  anal  Auh  and  on  the  nape ;  the  black  lining  of  abdominal  cavity, 
gill  cavity,  and  month  can  be  seen  through  the  transparent  integuments; 
eye  also  black ;  barbels  transparent,  hence  very  inconspicuous.  Length 
about  3i  inches.  Bering  Sea,  north  of  Unalaska  Island,  in  deep  water. 
[Jbarhula,  a  small  barbel;  fwo,  I  bear.) 

KhinoV^ari*  barbulifer,  Gilbert,  Kept.  U.  S.  Fish  Comm.  1883  (1M6),  MS,  Bering  Sea,, 
north  of  Unalaska  Island,  at  Albatross  Stations  3117, 33as,  3336,  and  others,  in  135 
to  576  fathoms. 

Suborder  CRANIOMI. 

Scapular  arch  abnormal,  the  post-temporal  forming  an  integral  part  of 
the  cranium  and  the  po8tero-tem]>oral  crowded  out  of  place  by  the  side 
of  the  proscapula  above  or  at  tbe  edge  of  the  post-temporal.  In  other 
respectH  essentially  an  in  tbe  Loricati,  from  which  the  Craniomi  are  derived. 
The  suborbital  stay  characteristic  of  both  groups,  in  the  Craniomi  is  highly 
developed,  its  surfnci  forming  part  of  the  bony  armature  of  the  head. 
Fishes  m<i.stly  of  tbe  warm  st^as,  often  singular  in  form,  the  head  always 
with  a  coat  of  mail.     {Hpdyiov,  skull;  auoi,  shoulder.) 

a.  Myodome*  developed  and  cranial  cavity  open  in  front ;  prosethmoid  and  anteal  nor- 
mally counectoil  by  Hiitnre.  Infraorbital  chain  with  it*  nnt«rior  bones  excluded 
fraitu  the  orbit  and  functional  an  mstrolateral,  the  seriCH  covering  the  cheeks,  the 
third  a  largo  buccal  bono  articnliitinf:  with  the  anterior  wall  of  the  preopercn- 
limi;  p<ml -temporal  Riiturally  connected  with  the  opioticand  pterotio  by  inferior 
pro<-es8cs,  and  with  the  np|ier  surface  forming  an  integral  part  of  the  cranium; 
inlcrmaiillaries  with  the  ascending  |>edicle!i  atrophie<l  and  connected  with  the 
knob  of  the  anteal  by  ligninetit.  Po»t^^ro  temporal  contiguous  to  the  proHcapnla; 
ventral  rays  I,  5;  the  Huh  initert<'il  wide  apart;  gill  membranes  free  from  the 
isthmUH. 
b.  Pectoral  fin  with  its  :i  lowermost  rays  detached  as  feelers;  teeth  present. 

TRiaLiD.x,  cijcxxrv. 
bb.  I>e<:t-oral  tin  with  its  '2  lowermost  rays  detache<l  as  feelers;  month  toothless. 

Pebistkdiu>.x,  clxxxv. 


*  The  skeletal  characters  here  given  are  taken  from  Dr.  Gill.    (Proc.  V.  S.  Nat.  Mns.  1888, 
567-59a.) 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2147 


a,  Myoduiui!  un<li<volui>ed,  Uin  rrniiial  cMivtty  mostly  cIhiumI  Lu  front  li;  sxpttiiRlnns  fram 
tlio  Aiil)t«i:t«l*  autiirnllyci>iinoct«d  with  corrcniiontling  uxpuuRioiii  uf  th«  p>^ 
otIrM  Huil  ttip  pwaiiphenoid;  protirlhniiiid  and  aatful  entirely  dinconiivcted.  Ii^nv. 
ing  aoaparloai  rostral  <'hAnib<>r  »pi<ning  buckwnnl  njenialty  Into  the  iiiterurliitjil 
rc^on.  Infraorbital  ohuio  vrttli  it«  aecoinl  aud  tbird  lioor«  i-rowdrd  out  nf  tli« 
orbilnl  niMfgin  Ijy  junctioa  of  tho  Hr»t  and  fuurtb,  And  leaving  a  wiile  interval 
iMttWecD  the  ■uliorliilals  and  prroperculiini:  tho  flrat  very  long  aaiX  rxt<'DdiuK 
iMtrkward,  ibc  aet^ond  uud(>r  tlie  fonrlfa,  uud  tlic  tbird  ili>velopiMl  iih  n  Aiuall  t,\tt- 
cial  lniiiR<|niutiual|  bridKinc  tbo  int4.>rTRl  brtwocn  Ifac  (iOHiud  mibxrliilnl  and  llir 
»n(«ro  infvriiir  nnKlu  *>f  Ibi'  ))re<i|H<rciiUini;  po4l.-l«inp<irul  xiturally  connn-led 
witb  Ibe  iKjfttrrior  Iiodcs  of  tbt<  rrantani,  and  with  tlio  tipper  niirfacn  forming  a 
Inrc^  p«rt  (if  tl>»  r>M)f  nf  tb»  head;  iDt4.<nQHxillnrii's  witb  w«U-doreU>pi-d  ascend' 
iug  pedlclra  gliding  into  the  cavity  betveon  tliu  anteal  and  pmsotbmold. 
Poatero-tempornl  distant  from  the  proacapnlo,  and  maolfealMao  ouiulo  on  the 
•dfe  of  tbo  pout  t«nipunkl. 
c.  PoctonU  fln  divideil  to  th«  baiw  into  2  nncqaal  parta;  no  frc«  foclors;  giU 
QivmhraOM  broadly  joined  to  tbi-  Uthniua;  vpntml  rayn  I,  4,  tb<<  Ann  con- 
ti(ruoD«.  CEFBJLtACiirrHiu^  CLXXXvi. 

Ftunily  CLXXXIV.  TRI«LID.E. 

(ThK  GURNAItDS.) 

Body  olongato,  nHiinlly  more  or  icas  fusiform,  covered  with  Boalea  or 
bony  platra.  Hfa<l  oitemiilly  bony,  entirely  ciiirajwjod  with  rough,  bony 
plates,  some  of  whii'h  are  iirmed  with  spines;  oye»  high;  mouth  teniiiuAl 
or  snbinferior;  pretiiavillarics  protrur.tile;  mnxillury  without  supple- 
mental bone,  !<li|fpiu^'  under  the  preorbit.')!;  teeth  very  small,  in  bauds  in 
thejuws,  ,inil  usuiilly  on  vomer  itud  palatines;  gills  4,  a  large  slit  behind 
the  fourth;  p8f-ridi>brauchiic  pre-neul;  gill  rakers  various;  gill  membrunea 
free  from  tbo  isthmiis.  Ventral  tins  thoracic,  wide  ap.trt,  sejutrated  by  a 
Hut  area,  Iheir  r.iys  1,  5.  Spinous  dorsal  preseut,  short;  sol't  dorsal  simi- 
lar to  the  aniil,  which  is  without  spines;  caadal  narrow,  few-rnyed;  pec- 
toral large,  with  broad  base,  with  3  lower  rays  detached,  foruiing  feelers. 
These  free  rays  aro  used  chiefly  in  search  for  food,  turning  over  stones, 
exploring  shells,  etc.'  Air  blatlder  present;  pyloric  ca-ca  usually  present, 
few  in  niiuibor.  Singular  looking  fishes,  found  in  all  warm  seas,  Genera 
5;  spt.'cioB  about  40,  some  of  them  in  rather  deep  water,  tliese  red  in  color, 
the  others  living  aliout  rocks.     (TW^Iidti!,  pt.,  Giiuther,  Cat.,  u,  191-210.) 

a.  ralallntM  with  Icetb. 

h.  0oraal  iplnoa  low,  the  longest  tuoolly  maob  sborteT  than  head;  acaloa moderate. 

W  to  HO  pores.  PBiomirns.  792. 

W.  One  or  2  of  the  doraal  tpinea  greatly  elATatod,  about  as  long  ai  body  \  acales 

large,  rough,  the  pores  40.  BellaTOB,  TS3. 

aa..  PnUUoen  to<itlil«M;  •pslee  tniaU, 

c.  Lateral  line  without  »ulurg(-d  bouy  pUtcs.  ChblidonicBTHTS,  TIM. 

«.  Lateral  line  armed  with  a  series  of  trunaTerse  buny  jibUes.  Tuutdt,  TBb 


2148         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


79a.  PRIONOTUS,'  LacdpMe. 

(GlTRNARDS.) 

BrionodM,  LACfip^DK,  HlRt.  Nat  Poiss.,  ni,  37, 1802  (nolatu). 
Omiehtky$,  SwxiNSON,  Mat.  Hist.  Claas'n  FUhes,  ii,  262, 1889  (punctata!). 
OhrMaz,  Jordan  &  Gilbbrt,  Proo.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mas.  1878, 374  (evokau). 
Onrnardut,  Jordan  &.  Evbbmakn,  new  subgenus  (gi/mnotUtkut). 
Merulinut,  Jobdan  &■  EVBBMAKN.  new  subgenus  (earoltniu). 

Body  subfiisiform ;  profile  of  head  descending  to  the  broad  depressed 
snout,  which  in  mnch  longer  than  the  uuiall  eye ;  eyes  close  together,  high 
np;  surface  of  head  entirely  bony,  the  bones  rough  with  ridges  and 
granulations;  scales  on  bead  few  ornone;  preopercle  with  1  or  2  sharp 
spines  at  its  augle;  opercle  with  a  sharp  spine;  nape  with  2  strong 
spines;  a  spine  on  shoulder  girdle.  Month  rather  broad ;  bands  of  small, 
almost  granular,  teeth  on  jaws,  vomer  and  palatines;  gill  membranes 
nearly  separate,  free  from  isthmus ;  gill  rakers  rather  long.  Body  covered 
with  small,  rough  scales,  which  are  not  keeled;  lateral  line  continaons; 
scales  ou  breast  very  small.  Dorsal  fins  distinct,  the  fint  of  8  to  10  rather 
stout  spines^  the  third  usually  highest,  but  mostly  shorter  than  bead ; 
anal  tin  similar  to  soft  dorsal;  pectoral  fin  with  the  3  lower  anterior  rays 
thickened,  entirely  free  from  each  other  and  from  the  fin;  ventrals  I,  5, 
wide  apart,  with  a  fiat  space  between  them,  the  inner  rays  longest.  Pylo- 
ric ctL'oa  in  moderate  number;  air  bladder  generally  with  lateral  mnsclc^ 
and  dividetl  into  2  lateral  parts ;  vertebra;  10  or  11+15.  Species  numer- 
ous, all  but  1  being  American. t  Representing  in  America  the  Old  World 
genus  Trigla.  Some  of  them  in  deep  water.  They  are  well  defined  and 
easily  recognized,  but  vary  considerably  with  age,  and  are  not  easily 
thrown  into  subordinate  groups.  Most  of  the  characters  in  the  following 
analysis  have  been  taken  from  adult  individuals.  Young  examples  in  most 
cases  ditt'er  from  the  adults  in  tlie  foUowiug  reHpects,  in  addition  to  those 
characters  which  usually  distinguish  youug  fishes:  The  spines  on  the<head 
are  sharper,  more  couspieuous,  and  mon;  compressed  in  the  young,  and 
some  spiues,  esiieciiilly  those  on  the  side  of  the  head,  disappear  entirely 
with  age.  The  interorbital  space  is  more  conravo  in  the  young.  The  pec- 
toral fins  are  also  much  shorter.  The  gill  rakers  are  longer  in  the  young, 
aud  proporti<mately  more  slender,  and  some  of  the  color  markings — espe- 
cially the  darker  cross  shades — are  more  conspicuous,  while  the  spots  on 
body  aud  fins  aie  less  so.  {TCpiaji',  saw;  vojto?,  back;  3  free  saw-like 
spines  being  said  to  intervene  between  the  two  dorsals.) 

a.  Month  comparatively  Hmall,  the  maxillary  leas  than  i  the  length  of  the  head,  the  man- 
dible UHUjilly  ni>t  extending  bm^kwnrd  as  far  as  the  vertical  from  the  front  of  the 
eye;  generally  a  niort'orlcssdistincl  crosH  groovi- on  top  of  head  behind  eye ;  black 
spot  on  spinoui)  dorsal  usually  more  or  less  distinct. 
OriiNAliiii:s  (from  Ounianl): 
b.  Snout  distinctly  bir<wtrat«,  its  tip  deci)ly  emarcinate;    anterior   profile   of    head 
stronRly  concave;  ]»-cIoral  tin  very  short,  little  if  any  longer  than  head;  Inter- 
orbital ajiace  deeply  cuncave. 


•For  a  detailed  account  of  the  species  of  I'rionoitu  see  Jordan  &  Hughes,  Proc.  V.  S. 
Nat.Mns.  1881),  327,  et  trq. 
t  The  single  species  funud  outside  our  limits  is  Prionotiis  japonieut,  Bleeker. 


Jordan  and  Evcrmami. — Fishes  of  North  America. 

e.  FnoprrcnUr  apinv  with  a  lamller  ooe  ut  base  in  rront. 
d.  Ceotvr  uf  rndiatioD  oC  chi<ok  wltb  a  atroiiK  Kiiinn,  tb<<re  being  4  spin**  in  a  riKbC 
line  from  rontral  plate  tu  pntiporc'iilar  xpinu;  rmtral  projpotjotiii  very  nar- 
ronr-.  body  slender :  aoales  niunll;  3  doraal  spinrs  granulnte. 

BIR08TBATUS>  2480. 
dd.  Center  tyt  radiation  of  obeok  without  ipitiB:  1  or  2  spinulea  below  preopurcolar 
ngiiiie. 
e.  Bn'uat  ami  billy  wholly  naked ^  iloraul  i>;)luiss  10  or  11.        aYMNusTBTHva,  2481. 
it.  llrea«t  ami  belly  with  nmall  Hialoa :  (li>i'nal  apineo  K  or  0.  XE.<ri8MA,  'J482. 

et.  Preopcrculur  !<piiie  with  do  amnller  oiio  iil  bnrie  in  Iront :  dirnsal  ipines  10:  pon^a  50^ 
boily  wit)i  uliro  rormicuUtionit  and  ublitiiic  brown  bars.  LiOXlAS.  2483. 

Mercuups  (JfrrtiJn.arobln): 
bh.  Snout  not  itiHtinclly  Ulnmtrate,  the  anterior  profile  uauoUy  not  strongly  concaro. 
/.  Pectoral  fln  lonu.  reacUlng  pant  front  of  anal. 

J,  Peotoral  Bb  not  rrachlni;  b,i«e  of  caudal ;  gill  rakera  moderate,  8  or  10  dereloped : 
anont  not  atroni^ly  emargluate;  no  spina  on  olieek  bone  or  edge  of  anout; 
durnal  apinen  lu. 

*.  Body  not  very  slender,  the  doplb  S  in  Ifnjrtb;  hewl  not  very  amatl,  its 

len^h  3  la  body;  ^^roovt-*  acr^rta  top'  **f  head  brliiml  eye,  verj*  con- 

apkuuas;  iiiterorbital  un'ii  moderately  concave,  ralhcr  bronU,  alx>ut 

014110)  to  dianiRt<er  of  eye:  \khw.»  of  head  lomparattvnly  smooth,  the 

preociilar,  poatuciilar,   occipitu),    and   iincbnl  apiiiea  low,  deprcktuted; 

teinporal  rid^  oonaplcuoux,  without  npinca.     Duranl  spines  low,  \\w 

Booond  1\  In  bead,  the  Ural  iuo<lt'rnttly  acrrutiv,   liaai- of  Roll  dorsal 

eqaal  10  distance  ftoni  tip  «f  sumit  t^i  lip  of  hunivral  Hpine;  caudal 

lln  lnriiit<\  ita  oatorraya  1  to  ^  larngt-r  than  inner:  pectoral  fin  monie- 

what  rounded,  the  longeat  rtiy  nlHmt  the  Ortb:  fri'e  rayn  iif  protoral 

expanded  toward  tip,  with  drciirrent  tncmbrane:  ^cilrs  nitliiT  liirgvi 

uUuiit  .'8  porea.     lludy  and  tina  nearly  phiin,  mottled  with  diirker,  but 

without   well'dcflui'd  apota  except    tho  dorsal  oi-<>llaa;    ha<-k  wilh  4 

obscure  i^roi's  bt(>t<:he«:  :i  or  3  oblli|Un  pale  atreaka  acroan  nplnou^ 

doraol.    Gill  iiieuibranoa  duaky.    Young M'illi  head  rougher,  pectoral 

flnii  Khorti^r,  dark  apoix  on  iMaly  more  diatinct.  cabounqb,  2484. 

JUL  Body  very  aleodor,  th>'  dpplli  about  6  in   lenjctb:   grooTe  aoroaa  top  of 

bead  bcliiud  eye,  roiiapliiHiuH:  inti'rurliital  area  narrow,  deeply  von- 

oave,  ita  width  about  \  thodianieler  of  llie  eye;  bonea  of  beail  very 

amooth,  the  ntriationH  very  weak;  apmea  on  top  of  bead  (preocular, 

au piraocalar.  o<£lpitii1,  ami  nuchal)  abort  and  aharp.  not  depresard: 

temporal  riilgn  Wunt,  without  apine. 

{.  Pectoral  abort,  reacblnic  little  |iuat  front  of  anal,  not  )  length  of  lM>dy. 

Doroot  aplnsa  very  high,  the  oecond  1)  In  bead,  the  lirat  luMlerntely 

aerrate;  oofldoraal  high,  ita  iioae  abuiit  ^  lunger  Iban  h<<nd:  candol 

tmnoale:  free  rays  of  peotorml  a  little  fxpnndud  at  tipi   52  porea. 

Body  covenxl  with  roundiab  bronze  apota  nf  vorioaa  liiea;  amaller 

brnnssi.'  apota  an  the  head;  both  dornalx,  randol,  and  (lectaral  fi\i%  wltb 

aiiuilur  bronEc  apota,  tlieae  oapeclally  numiTona  and  diatinct  on  aoft 

diir*(il.  SCITUUW,  2485. 

ii.  FiM'tora]  louder,  reaobiug  post  iniddle  of  anal,  more  thou  \  body ;  jwrea 

S2:  colur  roaered,  not  apotted :  p«ctora1a  duaky.  sositre,  2480. 

^,  Pectoral  Uua  vi'ry  long,  reaching  baa«  of  caudal,  the  raya  graduat«<l:  50  porea  in 

the  lateral  lino;  gill  rakern  ahnrtiab.  1+6  in  number:   Itoily  rather  atout,  the 

depth  4  la  length;  palatine  tertb  few,  feeble:  caudal  Hiiiilruuciite:  aecoud  dor- 

aal  apioB  longeat,  \  th«>  lenjfth  of  head:  flrat  apliif  alronyly  aprrated  in  front; 

proop<>nnlar  spinn  wilh  n  Huialler  one  at  (In  busn:  bmd  Z\  in  l>'Uf;tb.    D.  X-I2; 

A.  11.    body  nlthlfuitil  <  roi<.M  buiidn:  cnndal  nith  liluik  Up  and  !!  paler  ciroaa 

aliwlea :  apinuna  doraid  witb  sniull  dark  apota  bueidea  the  large  one ;  aoft  dorsal 

plain;  pectoTaladoadod.  alatub,  2487. 


2160  BuUetin  ^y.  United  States  National  Museum. 


PBtOKOTTg! 

CM.  Mouth  ci>nili«»tiTe1y  Km^t,  tlic  Xi\»xV&ary  2  \n  S]  in  the  ItMifCth  of  head,  the  mandible 

«xt(>ndiug  barkwnnl  to  nppiiHlto   cyiv  iir  neuriy  no;   UKiiaUjr  do  dlntibct  oniaa 

groore  OD  t«p  or  head  -.  frpo  rny»  of  prctoral  luttcriug,  not  pxpandril  at  tip :  bUok 

blotrh  on  dpioniiii  dorsal  dilTIiic.  nut  ocvUutcd.  inriilving  the  mvmbranefl  of  more 

than  two  spinel, 

j  rrt-opi^rcular  Hpin<i  witbont  a  diitinct  ainBlIer  irpine  at  it*  bu«  Ui  front. 

tt.  r»rt<<ral  Hiu  very  long,  rtvacbing  at  leaat  to  beyond  the  (ecood  third  of  the  mat\ 

donial. 

1.  Scales  rathor  imalLahont  7S  porra  in  lateral  Hue:  h<«d  lance,  rompanitlTvly 

■nuxttb.  the  luti'rnrbital  anui  narrow,  cuucavf,  ont  ;  diacnoirnif  i-yc:  orhiial 

rim  low.  nciircely  ■erralc;  preorbltal  lermlalei   pe<^l»ntl  (in  louj.  nvchtnr 

middle  of  anal:  coloration  plain,  alifbtly  oloadad;  form  istheralaodaT:  bnad 

2):d)-ptb4i.     D.X-I2:A.Il.  ini.l»,34S«. 

0.  Scales  iDoderale,  50  to  Ki  porca  in  1at«>ra]  line. 

m.  Head  large,  nearly  piano  alioT<>.  the  interorbitnl  apace  noarcely  ooncMTe.  Ita 

wldtb  equal  toeyc:  nnont  vpry  •hurt,  2^  iu  bead;  maxillary  21  in  bewd. 

reaching  patt  IVtint  of  orbit:  band*  uf  paUtine  trrlb  very  narrow  ;  bum« 

of  head  Emuotblsb,  little  atriate;  gill  rakers  rather  long.  abiKit  in  Iwlow 

angle;  ttratdoraalapiueaUBtilly  rouKb  In  front,  the  thinl  iipin<-  ni-arly  j  tbe 

length  iif  the  bead;  caudal  nlightly  concave:  peotomi  reaching  ulnib  asal 

ray,  it*  ontlinc  ronnib-d:  Males  aboat  lb.    Color  pale  nliracvvus.  ba<'k 

and  aidoa  with  a  fi-w  dark  spola:  second donal  with  3n)wii  uf  blark  irputs: 

eandal  with  3  rows  of  dark  blutehes;  pectorals  with  round  dark  blotcbo 

D.  X-12;A.  11.  rrBrnAin.ipHBTs.24W. 

mm.  Hea<l  not  plnno  above,  the  interorbital  spa<^e  more  or  leaa  eonCMnt;  donal 

apineit  10. 

«.  Supraorbital  c-irrnii  wanting. 

0.  Pet'lornl  Una  niuderale,  not  rettching  in  adult  beyond  donal  sad  untl. 

f.  Intorurbilal  spare  moderately  otincave,  ita  width  nearly  eqiuU  to  er*: 

orhiial  rlui  little  elevated  i  preorbltal  with  15  \a  SO  Sne  >erm>,  tba  laal 

»ne  dlruetiHl  backward:  prvoperralar  spine  long,       qcissccxa.  S4S0. 

J>p,  InUTorhital   spaue   vory   narmw,   deeply   courave,    its    width  about  ) 

length  of  eye ;    rim  elevRled  and  srrratv :  prrorbitoj  with  aboat  a 

small  aemu,  blunt  and  even;  head  well  armed;   snout  sod  Jawa 

white.  ALBiRiiernis,  £4Si. 

•e,  PvototaUreryloog.reachiDgin  adult  beyond baaeofdonalaudooal;  ititer- 

orbital  space  moderately  concave,  iL«  width  about  |  length  uf  evej  no 

eirms  above  the  eye;  distance  fmuieiipraucular  spine  to  nnrhsl  soalw 

about  ei|unl  lo  «ve:   supraocular  and   nuchal  spin^4  low  .    uceipital 

splups  wanting;  temporal  ridge  shnrp,  ending  In  a  blunt  apinei  pi«. 

orbital  projecting,  strou>:ly  srrrato;  a  blunt  spine  ou  each  aliis  sf 

•uoMt,  behind  aerne  of  prourbitai;  a  blact  spine  behind  ibla  above 

angle  of  nioulb:  no  spine  on  cliook  bone  iu  adult;  upper  o[M<rFuUr 

spine  almost  aljsolcte;  bones  of  bead  rutlier  sirnugly  •trlat<'.  but  Dot 

gniuulute:  glU  rakers  abort;  moutJi  miHlerate;   scales  miber  largv. 

about  &2  pores.    D,  X-ll ;  A.  10,     First  iloraiil  spine  not  lUuch  shorter 

than  K'cond.  wiiich  la  2(  in  bend;  e<iudal  very  slightly  ranravr:  vm. 

trsls  reaching  a  little  |iast  vent;  bend  3;  de]ilh  $.     Color  usarly  plal* 

brownish,  with  darker  clouds;  no  distinct  s|mtsanywhi'rann  XvuAy  ot 

fins;  tbe  pectorals  marlded  with  paler.  ntatu, :«iat 

(in.  Supraorbital  oirrus  present,  fringed.    Interorbital  apace  very  dorpty  r«o 

care,  its  width  about  i  length  of  eye:  a  fringed  rlrms  al>ov«  the  eye, 

distance  from  siipnunular  spine  tonuchal  scales  about  ^  the  eye;  ar«i|it 

tal  as  well  aa  nuahal  spines  distinct;  temporal  ridge  wilh  a  iiniall  spins , 

no  spine  on  cheek  bone;  bnnca  of  the  hea<l  wilh  line,  sharply  defln«4 

striie.  hut  no  grauiilutions ;    upper  njiercuUr  splno  wt)U  dOTalMad^ 


Jordan  and  Evemtann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2151 

trale* moderate (aboni 50 poTM).  D.Vin-I3i   A.  11.  Finldon«lRpio» 

loDCeHt,,  i)  in  head;  raodal  mibtniucato:  prctoraJs  iivarly  twice  u  long 

ai  head,  reaching  nearl.v  to  laat  ni}-*  of  dnraal ;  Tviitrala  about  reaching 

In  veut;  hoad  3  in  length :  tlfpth  K\.    C'olur  criniaon  rcil,  nrarly  plaint 

oaadttl  with  2  dark  croM  shndra.  urHRYAS.  3493. 

kk.  Pootoral  tiOH  Mbort,  dkU  rt-urUlug  bov^in^^l  niii1<1!le  nf  ilnrsal ;  heaul  Diuoh  aniuutber 

tiian  in  azij  other  n]>rrirA,  tbr  bniti^ji  uf  the  hfud  faiutly  niriutv.  Willi  uniall 

gmiiul  iliiiUK;  tli<>  craiiluj  apiiira  little  (IrTtliipiMl;  tliu  miprotK'illar,  occipilal, 

nnil  temporal  Rplurs  utiolly  waiiUi.;;,  tlnTt^bein);  only  3  |>alr«<>f  apinKson  the 

bead;  mouth  large  the  iiia\illurv  2  in  IivmI.     GUI  rakrrR  nlinrt  nnil  tbirlc  tn 

adnll,  slender  in  .voiinji!,  alxmt  10  dovcloped  ;  Interorliital  apiicocoiinivt'.  rather 

brtMkd,  ll«  width,  in  adult,  rnthcr  niare  than  length  of  ryi';  tkitt  <l'>riiul  Hpine 

icrannlated :  raiidal  alielitly  lunato;  pecloml  niibtrnncaie,  thn  Hwond  ray  the 

longeat,  as  long  ax  brnil  in  adult;  Realt'j<  large,  48  porex  Id  the  liilnnil  linn. 

Head  larjEC.  2|  in  lt>U|>tlii   iltpth  3).     D.  X-12;  A.  II.    Color  rriuiMin,  with 

darker  clouds  and  jiniall  Hiwta;  both  dursnla  with  dark  croaa  atreaka:  bead 

and  pvetoral  thia  conapiciioualy  reliriilatrd  with  blavkiab  (In  adult);  anal 

[ilalu,  whitiab;  free  raja  of  pMtoml  nn^tptittcd.  8TKAaitn,34M. 

i}.  Freopercalarapiuo  it  1th  a  diMinrt  aniail^r  one  at  the  Unae:  gill  rakera  slender. 

7.  C'farck  Wiie  nithoiil  diKiinci  apine  at  tbi<  center  nf  radiutloii;  edgeot 

preorliital  grnnnlnr  aerrate,  withnnt  diatinct  spine,  the  aemi>  about 

12  in  niinilrer  nn  Karb  side:   temporal  rldgrs  rnnghish  but  without 

•I>lnos;  bonea  of  the  hea4l  with  the  striie  coarst'ly  granular;  uuuth 

moderate,  the  utHxillary  abonl  3{  in  bead ;  head  not  very  broad,  the 

aptnea  above,  exempt  the  nncbul  xpiuea,  notconapirnoua;  gill  rakera 

long  and  slender,  IS  to  20  dereloprd:  bead  2]  in  length;  dejilhabiint 

4.    D,  X-12;  A.  II,    CflloratlDD  browniab;  aide  with  n  very  distinct 

toiky  bronze  band  1>p1ow  the  lateral  line  and  parulli'l  wlili  It,  tbia 

becoming  broken  pceterlorly  into  a  aeriea  uf  rouudiab  ilurk  apota; 

annio  dark  atrraks  and  clonda  below  this  stripu:    dua  with  dark 

eluuds,  till"  soft  doraal  with  '1  diirk  bbitcbea,  which  extend  aa  ban 

on  tbe  linck  -.  bewl  with  arattt-red  dark  apota ;  dusky  area  lielow  eye. 

r.  Pactorul  »ith  itarnya  each  rroAaed  by  flno  black  bars,  theae  eapecially 

diatini't^oward  the  baae  of  tbe  tin :  free  raya  apotted ;  aralea  roni' 

paratlrely  amaU.  lOf  l-t-ZSioa  rerticjil  llni' from  last  doraal  apjna 

to  vent;  Interorbital  area  broad  and  vtmoat  dat,  its  width  a  little 

more  than  length  of  eye;  firat  doranl  spine  jrranulated ;  aecond 

apiue  2|  in  bead ;  pectorala  about  |  the  length  of  the  body, 

BTBIOATUt",  2490. 
rr.  Faotoral  flu  with  tta  raya  all  plain  hlackiab;  free  mya  plain  duiiky; 
•Daltw  larger.  8-|-l  i  21  in  a  verliL-«l  Hue  from  luat  dorsal  apiuc  to 
rent;  Intervrbitai  apace  mure  diM^ply  ooDcavc,  ita  width  in  adult 
not  i]uite  length  of  eye;  Uratdorsal  apiue  nearly  amoolb ;  aecond 
•pia»  3  in  bead ;  pectorala  a  lltllo  more  than  4  of  tbe  body. 

EVOIjUIS,  3490. 
■ff.  Cheek  bone  with  a  apine  (aniuU  In  tlio  adnU,  larger  in  tbe  jroang)  at 
the  center  of  radiation,  this  rarvly  uhsolele  in  old  example*, 
a.  Sploea  on  bones  of  head  niixleratc.  nut  kulte-like;  preorbital  with  a 
seriCK  of  oerrw  and  >  or  more  bluntinli  apinea. 
(.  First  :i  dnmal  spini-a  littlr  if  al  alt  aerrate;  pectorals  reaching 
past  middle  of  anal,  their  Irnglh  not  qalle  (  the  body;  gill 
rakera  rather  lung  and   sit-uder,  almut  10  developed;  maxil- 
lary 2|  in  bead;  a  bluuliah  spine  on  edge  of  snout  behind 
tbe  sernc;  behind  this,  1  or  2  smaller  ooea,  at  least  In  the 
young:  uanaliy  a  Mniall  apine  on  cheek  Imne;  a sbulluw graovs 
behind  the  eye  evident:  intrrnrbital  area  rather  niumw,  eon* 
cave:    [ireocnlnr,  anpraocular,  occipital  and    nuchal   aplnea 
rather  prQuilDsnt.    Dorsal  spines  Ugh,  the  third  'j|  iu  bead; 


2152         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 

flrat spine  not  aemte;  caodal  trnncata.  Head  21  in  length; 
depth  2|.  D.  X-12;  A.  12.  Pores  about  50.  Back  obacnraly 
spotted ;  donal  and  oandal  fins  spotted  villi  brown,  the  firrt 
doraal  with  a  black  blotch  besides;  the  pectoral  with  olmcurv 
dark  spots,  and  margined  with  blue.  pukctatcs,  2487. 

(t.  First  3  dorsal  spines  more  or  less  serrate ;  gill  rakers  rather  long, 
about  8  deTcloped;  maxillary  alwnt  2}  in  head;   a  groove 
behind  eye;  interorbital  space  narrow,  }  eye;  third  dorsal 
spine  high,  )  head.    D.  X-12;  A.  11.    Pore*  SO.   Color  brown- 
ish yellow;  spinous  dorsal  with  a  black  blotch;  pectoral 
with  2  longitudinal  broad  dark  areas  separated  koA  sur- 
rounded by  paler.  BBAxn,  24M. 
M.  Spines  on  bones  of  head  elerated,  knife-like;  head  very  larg«, 
more  than!  length;  temporal  ridge  with  2  blnntish  spine*; 
bones  of  the  head  very  sharply  striate;  young  with  4  sharp, 
knife-like  spines  on  side  of  cheek  and  snout,  in  a  line  before 
the  preocular  spine,  these  nearly  disappearing  with  age ;  mazil- 
lary  about  2^  in  head ;  sides  without  dark  longitudinal  stripe. 
«.  Feetoral  fin  moderate,  about )  body  in  adult,  24  in  young;  giU 
rakers  slender  in  the  young,  becamiug  shorter  and  thicker 
with  age,  about  10  developed  on  lower  part  of  arch;  bead 
broad,  the  spines  on  its  upper  surface  very  prominent,  all 
of  them  more  or  less  compressed  and  knife-like,  especially 
in  the  young.    Second  dorsal  spine  2}  in  head;  head  Z^; 
depth  t\.    D. X-12;  A.  11.    Body  brownish,  much  mottlnl 
with  grayish  and  dusky,  and  with  3  or  4  obscure  dark 
cross  bands ;  head  and  dorsal  fins  with  many  dark  sirata 
caudal  with  2  dusky  shades;  free  rays  of  pectoral  spott«<1 

TBIBULDS,  2409, 

UK.  Pectoral  fin  short,  about  3  in  body ;  gill  rakers  long  and  slen- 
der, 5  developed ;  scales  small,  100 ;  spines  as  in  P.  (n&uiu«, 
but  still  larger  and  more  knife-like,  much  larger  than  In 
any  other  species;  pectoral  fins  rearhing  third  anal  ray 
*  interorbital  space  broad,  little  concave,  about  as  wide  as 

eye.     Bmly  brownisli ;  no  Muck  lilotch  on  spinous  doraal 
soft  dunial  and  caudal  barred,  jwctoral  with  a  broad  black 
band.  uokailKS,  iSSOO. 

Subgenus  QURNARDUS,  Jordan  &  Evermann. 

2480.  PKIOXOtrS  BIRONTB.iTltS,  Kicliardson. 

Head  3 ;  depth  5.  D.  IX-12 ;  A.  1, 10 ;  C.  10.  Body  elendor  nnd  elonffftto ; 
width  at  nape  hetwei^n  costal  spinoe  5J  in  head;  head  long,  proHle  before 
eyes  concave,  the  snout  with  a  projecting  h>l>c  on  each  side,  the  lobe 
longer  and  narrower  than  in  any  otlicr  species,  its  length  \  eye;  a  back- 
ward i)rojecting  spine  at  l):ise,  besides  numerous  retrorse  seme  along  its 
sides;  surface  of  bones  very  rough;  mouth  small;  maxillary  barely  \ 
head,  not  reai'hing  front  of  eye;  eye  4+  in  head;  interorbital  spsice  very 
narrow,  deeply  concave,  granular,  striate,  its  length  -;  eye,  7  in  head; 
orbital  rim  elevated,  with  a  stout  spine  sinteriorly,  before  which  are  3  or  4 
others  forming  a,  raised  ridge;  a  stout  spine  above  posterior  i)art  of  orbit, 
another  behind  orbit;  still  another  on  the  occipital  beyond  ridge;  2  or  3 
blunt  spines  behind  eye;  a  stout  spine  on  opercle  which  reaches  slightly 
beyond  base  of  the  still  larger  humeral  spiue;  a  stout  spine  on  preopercle 


Jordan  and  Ever»ui»n. — Fishes  0/ North  America.     2153 


with  another  strong  spine  at  ita  Iiam-;  aoothor  lieroro  it  on  riidliitiun 
center  of  dieek;  anotber  on  the  proorbital,  tlieoo  t  forming;  ii  straight 
line  with  icticH-H:il  projt'ttiou  and  :ill  of  tbeiii  booked  backward;  no  piirvu 
acroHH  tu]i  of  hi-ad;  iiiomltntuacwmH  tlap  of  opercle  not  Bcaiy;  gill  rakers 
irtiknowii ;  si-ale^  nitlier  siiiall,  tlie  iiuiiilitr  iiut  to  he  counted,  »)>giarvDtly 
iiuim  on  lin-iiHt,  the  idiki'd  «ktu  of  hrntiKt  foriiiiii;;  un  aciito  iiiigln  behind  ;  7 
rows  of  «iiilt'8  lietwofu  occijmt  and  dorsal;  ii]>iii<iits  dorsal  rather  \a\\,  its 
firtit  3  KpiiicH  Hurruto  in  I'rout,  thu  sim'oiuI  th<'  highest,  \  li«:id;  soft  dorsal 
with  first  row  aorratcMl,  Hs  Icugtli  2,',  in  head;  anjil  iowi-r,  itfl  longnst  r.iy 
2|tinhead;  oaudid  truncut'U.  Iji  iu  hcud;  pectoral  ehoit,  i\.»  luiddle  niys 
longest,  ri'uidiiii^^  liftlj  my  of  Moft  duriial,  li'l  in  boily;  viMttrals  lif  in  betid; 
frea  rays  tapering,  !•  iu  bead,  rolnntiiui  not  described;  body  and 
fins  iu  iignru  nnmarki'd,  exct-pt  pectoral,  whii'h  is  blackiah  at  tip.  Gulf 
of  Fonaeoa;  kciuwu  from  a  bidk^Ii'  BiHH'iuu'U  6.7  iuclies  long-  Hero 
described  from  RichnrdHou's  Agnrc,  which  gives  detnila  not  mentioned  in 
bis  deacrtptioD.  Apparcutly  11  wi'U-ninrked  f4j)(>ciea  Avith  the  spinoA  of 
Prionotus  liorrciif,  but  with  a  small  month  and  vostrat  lieak  dittiTeDt  IVcmt 
thiit  (if  any  other  sjiLX'ies.     {bironlratiiK^  ( wo-ltuukod.) 

PrionoCtu  biroilralHf,  RK'Haiidson.  Voy»go  of  tho  Sulphur,  Icbtliyology,  pt.2, 81.  April, 
1845,  Gulf  of  Fonaeca,  west  Coast  of  Central  America.     (Coll  Kdward  Belober.) 

B49t,  PBIO>'OTlIf?  UYX^USTKTHtJM,  GUbert. 

Head  2^1 ;  depth  3i;  eye  4  in  bead;  aiioiit  2,V;  iuterorbital  vidth  10; 
pectoral  li ;  vnntrals  1?;  8PCon<l  (lorsal  spine  2.  D.  XorXI-Hl  or  11; 
A.  11.  Body  heavy  aiitoriorly,  tapering  rapidly  to  the  slender  lail. 
Heail  hirge;  striiu  line,  uiuneroiis,  searcidy  to  be  distinguished  on  top  of 
head,  which  is  finely  grAniihir;  snout  long;  prolilo  concave,  the  orbitJt] 
region  abruptly  elevated;  preorbital  on  each  side  projecting  bi^yond  the 
nion(b  in  a  narrow  lobe,  wliieh  ia  usitally  sbari>ly  triangular,  the  2 
lobes  atroDgly  divergent;  free  edge  of  jneorbttul  with  a  row  of  very  line 
serric;  anterior  nostril  with  a  long  Ihip;  mouth  «niall,  the  maxillary  jt 
length  of  head,  a  naked  area  behind  it,  Kyt<8  very  proniiDeut,  tho  prc- 
ocnlar  ridgi-  higiu  bearing  1  stroii;;  Npine;  ioterorbital  sjuice  very  nar- 
row, ctmeave,  -^  length  of  heiwl;  a  deep  triiusverwe  groove  on  top  of  head 
behind  (lyos.  Snpntoenbtr  «pinu  hhort  and  blunt;  occipital  and  uiiehal 
spines  Ibit,  btnnlish;  temporal  ridge  with  'J  spinous  projections;  oper- 
cular, preopercnliir,  and  biinicral  spines,  lon^'  mid  sharp:  preopercnlar 
spine  with  a  very  strong  aciessory  spine  at  base,  from  which  a  low  ridge 
extends  forwards  to  middle  of  cheek,  where  it  ends  in  a  weak  Mpinc. 
(.{ill  rakers  1+7,  slender,  id"  moderate  length,  Seroiid  dorsal  spine  the 
highest,  the  first  2  apiuos  minutely  serrulated  in  front;  pectorals  very 
short,  fi  tho  length,  reaching  but  little  past  front  of  iinal;  caudal  slightly 
lunate.  Scales  very  small,  none  on  breast  or  belly,  the  naked  area  es- 
tuudiug  u])wardH  behind  pectoral  tin  to  humeral  spine,  and  narrowing 
backward  to  front  of  anal;  region  in  front  id'  spinous  dorsal  naked. 
Color  in  spirits,  brownlNli  above,  light  lielow.  the  dorsal  region  anil  top 
of  head  often  with  sutull  dark  spots;  1,  or  rarely  2,  small  black  ocul- 
3030 58 


Bulletin  47,  Uniled  States  National  Museum 


Inteil  sputs  between  fotirtli  nud  fifth  dorttal  spines;  pectoral  iDoiitly  dosky, 
light  at  V»a8e  below,  anti  edged  with  white;  a  dnsky  blotrh  on  otit«r  por- 
tlou  of  lower  caadul  lobe.  Onlf  of  California;  Mveriil  apecimt-aB  tak«n 
in  Hhallow  water.  Length  3|  ioclies.  CloaiOy  related  to  Prionoti* rmiioHA, 
dilTeriug  con«picnons]y  in  the  wholly  utiked  breaat  and  belly.  (Gilbert,) 
(/ti/i»'(3$, naked;  erf/joi,  brea«t.) 

Prvmoliu  fj^miiostelhtu,  OlLBBKT,    Proc.  U.S.  Nat.  Mna.  IBSI,  SSS,    Oulf  of  CaUromia. 
(CuU.  AtbattvM.l 

S48t.  PBIOXOrrN  XE^tlSMA,  Jortlon  A:  BoUmui. 

Head  2i  to  2|  (3  to  3^  in  total) ;  depth  3j|  to  ^  (1  to  If) :  eye  i  in  head*  j 
C  VIIl-11;    A.  10;  iieales   iu   a   lon<;ituiliunl  serieR  (lO  to  70,  about    Ail 
ohliqiio  aeries  between  gill  oponinR  "nd  tail;   35  to  40  pores  in   iHtersl-l 
Hue.     Ho<ly   abort  aiid  rubiiHt,  little  compressed,  the  width  of  the  Dap«, 
between  ni-cipital  h|)iul'8,  6  to  6^  in  bead;    he«d  abort  and   high;    eye 
prominent;    tb<'  prolile  iiii>;u]:ited,  concave  before  eye,  convex  above  it;] 
snout  abort  and  broad,  its  bn-adth  (Renter  than  its  length,  which  is  'J\  ia 
bead,  ita  anterior  umrgivi  <b-o)dy  eniarginate,  the  preorbit4tl  prudiioed  «a  < 
each  Hide  into  a  broad,  triangular,  spiniferona  lobe,  which  is  nearly  e<|nal 
to  i  diametcir  of  eye.    Surface  of  bones  of  head  finely  and  densely  Kmnular 
striate.     Month  Hiiiall,  maxillary  3  to  31  in  head,  not  reaching  front  of  | 
eye.     Band  of  palatine  tectli  rather  broad.     luterorbital  spare   narmw, 
deeply   roneavt^  and  granular  striate,  its  least  width  (1  to  d^  in   bead; 
orbital   riut  elevated,  its  ed;:t'i«  granular  Ncrrate;   no  dixtinct  pr«orbit«l 
H]iine,  wliolo  v-djin  of  priMirbtliil  tjnely  semilale;  a  groove  across  twpof  h«iMl 
behind  the  blunt  gii(>ra<)rbit;Ll  Hpine.     Ocr:pitAl  ridges  present,  th«  oater 
griuHihir  and  nut  tipinnux,  the  inner  rather  shniply  elevated  into  a  short 
Mpine,  tlio  ohU'T  rather  wide,  extending  to  Be<*ond  dorsal  spine;  temporal 
region  with  an  c>levutt.'d  rfMighlsh  ridge,  on  which  are  'J  blnntiah  promi- 
nences;  preoiu'rculnr  ajiiiie  largo  and  strong,  with  a  smaller  one  at  its 
base;  opercular  Hpinc  long  and  nliarp ;  humeral  spine  usnally  larger  tham 
opercular;  no  HpiaCvS  on  suborbital.     l(r<-ast  scaly ;  membranaceous  flap  of] 
operclfs  not  scaly,      tiili  rakers  tthort,  slender,  longer  than  iut<TBpace», 
and  about  ei)iial  tu  i<  of  pupil;  naked  skin  of  throat  with  uiiuierous  papillir ; 
sfiilex  rather  Huiall,  of  about  eijiial  st/e  on   breast  and  lielly,  extending 
beyond  liiiw  uf  pt'ctorals,  aiiteriiir  margin   forniing  an  olitiistt  angle:   3 
or  -I   rows  (if  ritdiroeiitary  MCiiies  between  occiput  and  dontal.      Spiuoua 
dornal  high,  the  lirit  spine  longest,  If  to  1}  in  head;   anterior  margin  o( 
tiri«t  ;i  Hpii)e.H  with  numerouR  grannhe;  second  hpiue  slightly  morr  than  3  I 
iu  lietid,  all  the  spim-s  i^tout;    longest  ray  of  second  duranl  sbiirter  than 
snout,  'SI  in  head;    lougeHt  anal  ray  >1it  in  heail ;   caudal  sligbtly  lunate. 
If  in  bead;  pectorals  quite  short,  reaching  lifth  ray  of  second  doraal,  3  I 
ill  body;  ventrals  reaching  anal,  1;  in  bead.     Throe  short  granular  inler- 
Bpinal    bones   projfcttng   tlirougli    the   skin    Itetween    first    and    arcond 
dorsial,  the  anterior  less  robust  than  uthers.    Coloration  in  »)iirit«.  grayinli 
(probably  red  in  life);   dasky  above  and  irregularly  mottled  ;   a  distinct  j 
dark  »p(>t  before  base  of  caudal;    dors.il  dusky,  with  a  large  black,  oeel- 1 
lated  split  between  fourth  iiud  lifth  Hpiue.i«;   dorsal  spines  with  a  ruw  of] 


durk  s])ois  4i!i  tlirii-  iititerior  innrgin;  soft  dorsal  with  3  rows  of  dark 
Bpiite;  jH'ctonil^  Mn  l,i>|i.  a  u-w  ol"  the  upper  niys  pule  on  the  inner  side; 
veutralB  anil  ;iii;<l  p  iK  :  c;niilu.l  burruil  willi  dusky.  Len{;tli  i  iuches. 
Pacific  co€ist  of  ColoiubLa.  Vury  muiiy  apooinieus  dredged  at  a  depth  of 
33  fathoma.     (iit'i^tur,  a  surprise.) 

/Vtonofiu  xtnima,  Jdiivan  St  Bouaian,  PnM.  U.  .S.  ITat.  Mtia.  1880,  Ids,  Pacific  Ocean 
off  coast  of  Colombia,  at  Albatross  Station  ^795,  7°  57'  N.,  78^  55'  W-  (Typo,  No. 
41151.) 


948«.  PRIOSOTCS  L0XJ18,  Jordan. 

Head  2* ;  depth  Si-  It.  X-lOor  11;  A.  10;  soulea  about  50.  nodyutoat; 
heud  iitrge,  rough  ;  nioutb  modrrutoj  iiiaxillary  uot  rcat.-biug  frimt  ot'urbit, 
2}  in  bea<l;  i^yo  large,  3J  t<i  l  iu  head;  euoiit  2^  iii  hoad  ;  uperciiliir  Mpiiie 
dlrtinj;,  nearly  aa  large  aa  pri'operctilar  spine;  liiimeral  Bpiue  kuiuII,  not 
i  m  large  an  oittipr  of  tlio  otherR;  iiiterorljital  areiv  narrow,  its  ridge 
eveuly  concave,  its  width  2r  in  uye;  pnopercular  spine  witlnmt  aiuaLler 
one  iu  Trout;  110  sjiinn  at  center  of  radi:itii>D  of  ■■hvi'k ;  proorUit-iil  od^e 
promineut,  liuely  dentiinilated;  supraorbital  ridge  pruiuinttut,  ivith  a 
blitutlMh  (tpiiio  bfforo  and  hehiiHl;  a  truuaveriiu  groovu  on  hoad  hdiind 
oyu;  snout  bruad,  ulij^htly  emnrgitinto  ut  tip,  the  ror>tro1  platen  not  much 
projection,  their  t.-dg<-8  tihiirply  and  liuely  (KTruto,  with  10  to  12  aorriB; 
occipital  rid^ea  a  ahort  diHTiiiicti  buliiiul  Nupraorbital  ouch,  eudiutr  in  a 
bhiDtitsh  spiiit),  as  aliio  tho  nuchul  ridgey.  Teiith  on  juwa,  vomer,  aud  pal- 
atinea  in  bjnitls;  lower  jaw  included;  base  of  mandililLi  briow  front  of 
orbit;  boiiea  of  cheekK  and  opercles  with  utrony;  stria',  tiio  rest  of  the 
bones  of  the  hua-d  roughiHh.  Gill  rakers  sliort,  about  10  below  the  angle, 
tliu  anterior  onea  tubenle-like;  breaat  closely  Kcaled.  Pectonila  ahort, 
3J  to  3i  in  the  Icn^b  of  the  body,  acarctdy  longer  than  longeat  detacbod 
ray,  their  tips  Toinhing  about  third  ray  of  anal  tin,  length  34  iu  the  body; 
vcntrjits  long,  tbtsir  ttjis  atniost  rL-arhiiig  tipa  of  pcctorala,  Ij  in  fiead; 
tirst  ilornal  apine  the  lougeat,  ita  length  1^  in  bead,  aerrutu  in  front;  lirat 
dorsal  ray  alightly  eerrnlate  at  basn,  \t»  leu^lli  3  in  head;  longest  anal 
ray  4  iu  head;  i-audal  (in  luuale,  with  pointed  lobes,  IJ  in  bend.  Color, 
browninli  abovu,  grayish  below  ;  head  and  anterior  purta  more  or  less  dlu- 
tinctly  vermicuhiled  with  dark  oliva«eouH,  IhcKo  iiiarkiugs  cspBcially 
tli.ttinct  nil  boiieti  oi  head;  sideH  with  (i  to  15  uariow  brown  obliijuo  banua 
extending  downward  and  backward  fniu)  the  lateral  lino  about  halfway 
to  anal  tin,  these  obsoletfi  or  k«a  eonspicuoua  on  anterior  portion  of  tbe 
body;  liotb  dornalH  inottb'd  with  olive;  caudal  witli  3  broiul  blaekittli 
bare  whicli  do  nut  croaa  ttie  upper  :>n<I  luwi/r  ruy,  tho  last  bar  broad  and 
very  cdiiBjiicuons;  upper  ray  of  camial  dark  olivo;  no  bla<'k  sp<it  at  haao 
of  caudal;  anal  aud  ventralH  white;  pecturaU  bbickiHb,  faintly  b.iiTed 
with  darker  and  margined  with  white.  Pacific  cuaat  of  t'entral  America. 
Here  described  from  many  specimens,  IS  to  (i  inches  li»ug,  fioiii  Aihafrumi 
Station  i'SOo,  where  it  occnra  with  I'liomitvs  sniisma,  but  more  abnudantly 
tlian  tin)  latter.  It  haa  not  yet  been  seen  elsewhere.  This  species  resem- 
bles I'riunutnf  j:eni»ma\eTy  closely.  Jt  is,  however,  a  tittle  more  elongate, 
with  rather  auiallor  scules^  the  auotit  longer,  tho  caudal  tin  barred,  the 


2156         Bulletin  4.7,  United  States  National  Mitseum. 

body  more  vermiculate  and  with  oblique  bars,  and  no  distinct  dark  spot 
itt  buae  of  cuudiil.  Tbiere  is  no  trace  of  a  second  spine  at  the  base  of  the 
largo  preopercular  spine,  and  the  humeral  spine  is  much  smaller  than  the 
operciiliir.  Both  have  the  snout  somewhat  birostrate,  the  forehead,  and 
eyes  very  i>romiaeut,  and  the  pectorals  very  short.  The  projection  of  the 
lobes  of  the  snout  is,  however,  much  less  thau  in  Prionotut  birostratiu; 
with  which  species  the  present  oue  was  at  first  identified.  {Xo^t'ai,  Xoios, 
oblique,  from  the  cross  bars.) 

PrUmotwi  biroMtralus,  Joruam  &  Bollxan,  Ptoo.  U.  S.  Nat.  Has.  1889, 170 ;  not  of  Ricbabi>- 

gON. 

i'rionotiM  loxitu,  Jordan,  in  Gi  lbert,  Ptoc.  U.  S.  Nst  Miis.  1896, 462,  at  Albatross  Station 
1805,  south  of  Panama,  in  jij  fathoms.  (Tyiie,  No.  47580,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mas. ;  ootype. 
No.  165,L.S.  Jr.  Univ.  Hub.) 

Subgenus  MBRULINUS,  Jordan  &  Bv«rmann. 

8484.  PBI0N0TU8  CAB0UNU8  (Linnteus). 
(CoMMOir  Gl-rmabb;  RcD-wi.toaD  Sea-Robin.) 

Hea<l  3;  depth  5.  D.  X-13;  A.  12;  scales  58.  Body  not  very  slender; 
head  moderate ;  mouth  comparatively  small,  the  maxillary  about  Sin  head, 
the  mandible  not  reaching  vertical  from  front  of  eye ;  groove  across  top  of 
head  behind  eye,  very  conspicuous;  interorbital  area  moderately  concave, 
rather  broad,  about  equal  to  diameter  of  eye ;  bones  of  head  comparatively 
smooth,  the  preoonlar,  postocnlar,  occipital  and  nuchal  spines  low, 
depressed;  temporal  ridge  oonspiruous,  without  spines;  1  or  2  small 
spiniiles  on  lower  edge  of  prcoperclp,  below  the  preopercular  spino;  preo- 
pcrrular  spine  with  no  smaller  one  at  its  base  in  front;  pectoral  fin  short, 
reaching  little  past  front  of  anal,  its  length  less  than  i  the  body;  gill 
rakers  of  niodorate  length,  about  10  developed;  no  spine  on  cheek  bone 
or  on  sides  of  snout.  Dorsal  8i)ine8  low,  the  second  2i  in  head,  the 
tirst  nu)derat<'ly  serrate;  base  of  soft  dorsal  e(|ual  to  distance  from  tip  of 
snout  to  tipof  humeral  8i)ine;  caudiil  fin  lunate,  its  outer  rays  ^  to  J  longer 
than  iniu-r;  pe(-toi-al  fin  soniewliat  rounded,  rather  short,  not  reaching  last 
ray  of  anal  and  not  more  tlian  i  the  length  of  the  body;  the  longest  ray 
about  the  fifth;  free  rays  of  pectoral  expanded  toward  tip,  with  <lefur- 
rent  rarinlirane;  scales  rather  large,  about  58  pores.  Body  and  fins  nearly 
plain,  mottled  with  darker,  but  without  well-defined  spots  except  the  dor- 
sal ocellus;  back  with  1  obscure  cross  blotches;  2  or  3  oblique  pale  streaks 
across  spinous  dorsal ;  gill  mcmbranca  dusky.  Young  with  head  rougher, 
))eotoral  fius  shorter,  dark  spots  on  body  more  distinct,  t'oast  of  Maine 
to  South  Carolina,  chielly  northward;  very  abundant  on  the  coasts  of 
southern  New  England  and  New  York,  but  rarely  taken  as  far  south  as 
Charleston.  Our  specinieiis  are  from  Menemaha  Bight,  Marthas  Vineyard. 
{carolinua,  from  Carolina.) 

Tri'jla  Carolina.  LlN.N.i-:rs.  Mautissn,  176,  528,  Carolina. 

Trit/la  pahnipet.  Mitciui.l.  TranK.  Lit.  anil  I'hil.  Soo.  Xew  York  1814,  431,  pi.  4,  flg.  6, 

New  York  Harbor. 
Prionottis  jiilatun,  Stobeb,  Proc.  Best,  Soc.  Nat.  IliHt.,  II,  1845,  77,  Massachusetts  Bay, 

adult  siieciiiit-uH :  .Stoker,  Hist.  Fisb.  Mass.,  OS,  pi.  6,  tig.  1,  1867;  GOODB&BElif, 

Ball.  Essex  Inst.,  xi,  12,  1879. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  Amen'ra.     2157 


rriuunUu  carnlinu*,  CnviKii  &  YA.LZNCiK)nncfi,  Hint.  Xnt.  ruiu.,  iv,  00,  1820;  Stdiiiib, 
Rujiart  KMlmM  Mum..  U,  1839;  I)K  Kat.  \<<w  York  Fiiiidh:  Finhoa,  it,  |il.  5,  fig-  l^- 
1843:  AruES,  Boatw  Jonrn.  Nat.  HUt..  iv.  Iitt2.  2r>8:  GCSTHBR,  Cat.,  II,  102,  ISTiO:  OiLL, 
Cat,  Fiah.  Kaat  CouC  K.  Am.,  21,  18T3;  JoanAH  &.  Gilbert,  Prrw,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mini. 
XBIX,  373 ;  l'.EAN,  Pmo.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mnti.  1880,  84 ;  0<h>pk  .V:  Bran.  Bull.  Essex  Inst.,  xi, 
12.  1879:  JoUD.i!f  iL  IIlKimH,  Proo.  I'.  .S.  Nat.  Mii«.  ISSfi,  S.1.T 

l'ri(iHutu» paUnipei,  Storkr,  Hifit.  TUh.  Xiuui.,  66,  pi.  D,  11);.  I,  lilST;  JoROA.N  ^t:  Cll.nKIlT, 
Pmr.U.  8.  Nat.  Mus.  1883,  (111;  JOHDA.'*  &.  GILBERT,  Synnpsis,  731,  1883:  Oimiuk.  Xnt. 
llist.  AquBtic  Aaimols,  255,  pi.  71,  188i:  Goods  St,  BB.ur,  Ooeuiio  lolithyolog^,  408, 
1806. 


94S5.  PEIOXOrrS  BCITUnrK,  Jordan. 

Hpa<12ito3};  clepth5Ho(H.  T>.X-13;  A.  12;  BonlciiriitboiHmall,  .ibout 
fill;  '\'l  pores;  body  mnch  xh'iiderpr  thnii  in  nny  othiT  »pi  rieH;  lieml  8iii,ill, 
low,  riithiT  y)oiiit«d.  Smiut  ratbi-r  Ion;;,  a  little  shorter  tli.in  rest  of  liejiil, 
il.8  wiiltli  betweeu  singles  of  nioiitli  nlioiii  i'}  tii  bi>ail.  .Miixillaiy  not  rcucb- 
iiiff  front  of  Bye,  "ij  in  head.  Siiles  of  snout  liin-ly  and  evenly  sorrnte; 
iiioiitli  •.■omparativeiy  niiiiilt,  the  mrixilhiry  InsK  tlian  J  the  leiiirth  of  tbo 
bead;  groove  across  top  of  lieail  liebind  oyi%  little  ron>pi*'noi!«;  iiitr-ror- 
l>ital  ari'n  uarrow,  de«ply  cotifave,  its  width  about  a  tb«  diaiiuvtvr  of  the 
oyo;  botiea  of  thft  head  vt-rj"  smooth,  tlm  striations  very  wt^uk;  R|iitief4  on 
t*ip  of  bead  preociilar,  supraonilnr,  nrt-ipitnl,  and  nuchal)  Hliort  and 
■harp,  not  <U'pr»->ssRd ;  temporal  riitjio  blunt,  witliont  spine;  1  or  U  siiiali 
Bpiuiik'H  on  lo\v»T  cdKO  of  ]>r«>o|)«rcle,  lielow  t!u<  preop«rcular spine;  dor- 
sal HpineH  vrry  bigli,  thf  second  1}  in  Jiead,  tbtt  first  mo<terat(*ty  serrate; 
soft  dornal  bijjh,  its  banc  alioot  |  longer  than  head;  e:indiil  trnnrnte,  it« 
third  vjiy  lonjre.st,  the  others,  to  the  tenth,  little  flhorter;  tree  rayw  of  pec- 
toral ft  little  exjiaiideil  :«t  tip;  Nciles  rather  saiall.  Hands  of  palatine 
toatb  nnirnw.  fJill  rakerH  lorm  and  .slender.  Pectoral  in  iiuib' 2i  to  iji  •" 
1>ody,  in  female  wareely  more  than  i  lenj;tb  of  Imdy,  reacliinj;  to  bn«e  of 
lifth  or  sixth  iloraal  ray.  t'oiorBtioii  of  female  in  life,  dark  olive  above; 
liaik  and  Hiden  roveied  with  niinieronn  round  KpotJt  of  differeul  tiizeH,  and 
not  arr.'in^i'd  iu  series,  tbe.se  spots  bronze  eolor  in  life,  bernniiiifi  browninh 
after  death;  spinous  doi-aal  dusky,  with  lichter  streak.H;  •■»  dtNlinet  blaek 
spot  on  upper  half  of  Hpinons  dorsal,  between  tlie  fourth  nnd  tifth  «piiie, 
this  »])ot  hoind  orellated  lielow  and  behind;  a  seeond  blai-k  Idoteh  on 
upper  half  of  liret  spine  and  membrane,  also  oeellated  behind;  neeoiid 
dorsal  and  <-aadaI  spotted  and  linnlly  blotehed  with  bluek;  anal  largely 
black,  with  a  pinkiHh  Imrder;  pectorals  blaekish;  ventrals  palo;  branehi- 
oHt«Ka!s  iiinkish.  Male  in  life,  li^bt  olive  brown,  »vilh  I  Nftddle-like  d:)ik 
blotiUe.i  on  back,  I  downward  and  forward  from  ndddte  of  wpiiion.w  dorgal  to 
biiinenil  spine;  nsei-oiid  from  front,  nfi-oft  dorsal ;  a  third  from  end  nf  dor- 
sal dciwtiwnrd  and  forward  to  behiw  lateral  line,  then'-e  eontinned  forward 
iui  II  narriiw  hori/nntal  fitreak ;  iv  fotirth  on  candal  pednncle;  siiles  every- 
where with  re<biii<h  brown  spots,  as  in  the  feitiale  ;  opercle  ri'«lilii«)i  lirown ; 
braindiio.'defj;il  nicnibranc  ami  imlafine  reffion  lar>;oly  ,jet-blaek ;  spinonn 
ilnrHaf  "live  brown,  with  2  irre(;nl:»r.  lengthwise,  translueeiit  streaks  and 
an  iiiteiiHe.  well-deline<l  black  »pot  on  niemlvraiie  nhove,  between  fonrth 
and  tifth  spines;  serotid  dorsal  olive  brown,  verioienlated  with  whitish 
translucent,  and  without  round  sjiota;  candul  reddish  bruv.n,  blutkish 


2158         Bulletin  4.7,  United  Stales  National  Museum. 


toward  tip,  with  a  conspicnoas,  white,  longitudinal  streak  on  upper  lobe ; 
anal  blackish,  with  white  baHS  and  margin ;  pectoral  dark  brown,  irregu- 
larly barred  and  blotched  with  greenish  and  light  brown ;  ftee  raya  of 
pectorals  and  inner  face  of  vcntrals  dusky,  tinged  with  orange.  South 
Atlantic  coast  of  United  States,  Beaufort  to  St.  Augustine;  a  very  well- 
marked  species,  rather  common  within  the  region  from  which  it  is  known. 
Length  5  to  6  inches.     {tcHultxt,  slender.) 

Prionotu*  punetatut,  Jordan  &  Gilbert,  Proc.  V.  S.  Nat.  Hu«.  1R78,  373;  Goodk,  Troc. 
TT.  S.  Nat  Hua.  1879,  Ul;  Goodb  &.  Bban,  Proc.  XT.  S.  Nat.  Mos.  1879,  338;  Jordan  is. 
G ILBBBT,  Synopala,  734, 1883 ;  not  Trigla  punctata,  Bloch. 

Prionotui  teituhu,  Jordan  &  Gilbert,  Proc  T7.  S.  Nat  Una.  1882,  288,  Beaufort  (CoU.  Jor- 
dan, Brayton  &  Gilbert) ;  Jordan  Sc  Gilrebt,  Proc.  XS.  S.  Nat  iiu».  1882, 614 ;  Jordan, 
Cat.  Fiah. N.  A.,  114, 1885;  Jordan  &.  Huoheb,  Proo.  U.  S. Nat Hua.  1886, 333. 


8486.  PBIOXOTVa  BOSKCS,  Jordan  &  Erennann. 

Head  8^  in  length  (4  with  caudal);  depth  6  (7|);  eye  moderate,  5]  in 
head.  D.  X-12;  A.  12;  scales  (transverse  series)  65  to  70;  pores  in  lateral 
line  60  to  65.  Allied  to  Prionotut  icitului.  Body  quite  slender,  little  com- 
pressed, narrowed  above,  width  of  nape  between  occipital  spines  being 
shout  i  of  head;  head  quite  short  and  ratlier  high;  eyes  prominent,  so 
that  the  anterior  profile  forms  a  sharp  angle  at  front  of  eye,  and  is  some- 
what concave;  snout  rather  narrow,  2^  in  bead,  its  tip  somewhat  emargi- 
nate;  edges  of  snout  finely  serrulate  and  without  spine;  surface  of  bones 
of  head  comparatively  smooth,  the  small  granulations  arranged  in  distinct, 
fine,  radiating  striiv.  Month  small,  the  maxillary  3|  in  head,  the  man- 
dible not  quite  reaching  front  of  orbit;  band  of  palatine  teeth  narrow. 
Apparently  a  slight  cirrus  above  eye,  on  one  side,  in  typical  example, 
possibly  a  result  of  mutilation.  Interorbital  space  narrow,  deeply  con- 
cave, its  least  wi<lth  7J  in  head;  orbital  rim  considerably  elevated,  both 
in  front  and  behind,  its  edge  granular  serrate;  a  shallow  groove  across 
top  of  head  behind  orbital  rim,  which  does  not  end  in  a  distinct  spine; 
occipital  ridges  weak,  the  inner  pair  without  spines,  the  outer  with  short 
on<-s  which  reach  somewhat  beyond  front  of  dorsal;  t«mporal  region  with 
an  elevated  ronghish  ri<lge,  but  without  distinct  spine;  preopercle  with  a 
single  moderate  spine,  which  hiis  no  smaller  one  at  its  base,  either  in  front 
or  below;  opercular  spines  small  and  sharp;  humeral  spine  moderate;  no 
trace  of  spines  on  suborbital  or  i)rcorbital,  the  head  being  provided  with 
but  5  pairs  of  spines,  including  the  humeral  spine ;  membranaceous  flap  of 
opercle  scaly.  Gill  rakers  short  and  thickisli,  about  8  developed,  these 
little  longer  than  the  interspaces,  and  not  i  length  of  pupil  and  nearly  i 
as  broad  as  high.  Scales  small,  those  on  breast  much  reduced  in  siao, 
about  12  between  occiimt  and  dorsal.  Spinous  dorsal  high,  the  first  spine 
serrulate  in  front,  shorter  than  the  second,  which  is  IJ  in  head.  (Second 
dorsal  and  anal  mutilated.)  Caudal  slightly  and  nne<iually  Innate,  the 
lower  lobe  the  longer,  1^  in  head;  pectoral  reaching  nearly  to  last  rays  of 
dorsal,  a  little  more  than  i  length  of  body;  ventrals  ns  long  as  head. 
Coloration  in  spirits,  grayish,  unspotted,  more  duskyabove;  dorsal  dusky. 


with  no  very  di'^tinct  niiirkinj;s;  oaiidal  tin  yellowish,  marked  i»t  biwei  with 
dusky,  its  tip  lilai'k;  pei^tcralA  niOHtly  tiluck;  lotrer  Una  |>ule.  In  lilV^  lllt^ 
typi3  was  cbietty  pinki«h  red,  wbii-li  colur  etill  perHiHlit  dh  the  itmide  of 
op«rcleR.  De«pwater8of  Gulf  of  Mexico,  known  only  Irotii  tlie  "BpewLiigs" 
of  Red  Oroiipeni,  on  the  Sna]i|H^r  Banks  off  Taiupa  Buy  and  Pensucola. 
Length  of  type  6^  iiicbos.     (ni»eiit,  ro8«  red.) 

Prlonotut  tcUvlta,  Jordan  A  GluinT.  Proe.  TT.  8. Nat. M us.  1883, zm,  mntiUtml  iiioclmiiii 

frum  Pr^nnacoLa ;  not  typo. 
rrioiiotut  rottii-t.  JOHDAN  A  KvKMMASfr,  Proc  r.  S.  MkL  Miia.  1880,  470,  off  Tampa  Bay, 

Florida.    (Typ«,  No.3708!>;  ColUC'lm*.  K.  Bollnmn,) 

3487.  I'lUOKOTlttl  ALATrK,  Goo<l»  6i  Boiui. 


HeJMl2i;  dopth  4.  I).  X-12;  A.  11;  .andal  .S-7+.">-l;  p<"Ctoral  13  +  3; 
ventralit  I,  5;  lateral  line  about  10();  tube-bearing  srsilca  about  5(>.  Hody 
iioriunl  in  form,  rather  mbuat;  its  greatejtt  width  ',  its  jE^reutest  Ifnjitb 
without  <'an<l:il ;  li>a.st  lieight  of  tuil  contained  I'J  tiriieB,  or  nearly  ho,  in 
th<>  standard  body  l>?n|;th,  and  ."5  times  in  hi-ight  of  body.  The  num. 
bor  of  rows  of  souloa,  ••ounting  diag<inally  around  the  body  from  origin  of 
anal,  is  21  bolow  and  7  above  the  lateral  line.  Width  of  bead  ci|na1  t<i  its 
height;  upper  limb  of  orbit  eucroaebing  upon  tho  upper  profile  of  head, 
the  renter  of  the  pupil  e<|nidistant  from  tip  of  snout  and  tip  of  the  pro- 
longed pr><oporcular«piue;  length  of  xnout  mesttiired  oldi<|uely  from  ante- 
rior margin  of  orbit  ei|ual  to  that  of  the  postorbitiil  portion  of  bead  to 
end  of  opercular  xplne:  a  robu.st  spine  .it  lower  angle  of  preoperoulnm, 
ciirviug  slightly  upward,  the  length  eqtial  to  that  of  first  dorsal  ray; 
this  spine  serrated  npon  its  onU^r  edge,  and  with  n  small  spine  at  its 
base  which  is  also  serrated;  tho  tip  of  tho  spine  extending  to  perpen- 
dienlar  from  center  of  the  interspace  1x>tweeu  third  and  fourth  dorsal 
spines,  while  that  of  the  hnmeral  npiue  extends  to  the  perpendicular 
from  the  interspace  between  the  fourth  and  lifth,  and  that  of  the  oper- 
cnhir  to  the  perpendicular  from  the  center  of  base  of  third;  u  strong 
8ca])ulur  'spine  extends  back  to  the  posterior  edge  of  the  second  dorsal 
spine.  Length  of  upper  jaw  e<iual  to  i  that  of  he*!.  Palatine  teeth 
in  short  feeble  hiinils,  hardly  perceptible,  eren  with  a  strong  magni- 
fying glass,  (iill  rakiTs  li,  besides  several  nidiinentury  cues,  5  being 
below  the  angle,  and  the  longest  e<iual  in  length  to  ^  diameter  of  eye. 
First  dorsal  (in  inHerte<l  above  tip  of  npper  opercnltir  sfiine  and  at  a  dis- 
tance from  snout  equal  to  twice  length  of  the  fourth  donal  spine,  height 
of  first  dorsal  spine,  which  is  equal  to  that  of  tho  third  and  slightly  less 
than  that  of  the  second,  equal  tn  ^  length  of  head,  its  ant«rior  ninrgiii 
strongly  serrated,  while  those  of  the  second  and  third  spines  are  less 
markedly  so;  length  of  ba84^  of  first  dorsal  equal  to  greatest  height  of 
body;  the  distance  between  its  maertion  and  that  of  second  dorsal  (in 
eqnal  to  the  length  of  the  longest  and  superior  detiU-hed  jiectorul  ray; 
second  dorsal  flu  inserted  in  the  perpendicular  over  the  interspace  betweea 
the  seeon<I  and  third  anal  ruys,  the  length  of  its  longest  ny  equaling  twioA ' 
the  least  height  of  tail,  and  tho  length  of  its  base  eqnaling  the  greatest 


2160  Bulletin  4.7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


length  of  the  ventral  rays,  its  first  ray  conspicnoosly  serrated  on  its  ante- 
rior edge.  The  insertion  of  the  anal  fin  is  in  the  perpendicular  below  the 
end  of  the  first  dorsal  fin ;  the  length  of  its  longest  rays  is  eqnal  to  f 
that  of  the  middle  caudal  rays;  caudal  truncated,  very  slightly  emargi- 
nate ;  pet-toral  very  peculiar  in  structure,  its  longest  ray,  the  ninth,  reach- 
ing to  buso  of  the  caudal  rays  and  equal  in  length  to  4  times  that  of  the 
fourth  dorsal  spine;  the  tenth  ray  a  tride  shorter,  extending  nearly  to 
the  end  of  the  soft  dorsal;  the  eleventh,  twelfth,  and  thirteenth  raya 
graduated,  decreasing  in  regular  proportion,  the  thirteenth  being  less 
than  i  as  long  as  the  tenth ;  the  eighth  about  midway  between  the  tenth 
and  the  eleventh;  the  first  slightly  longer  than  the  twelfth,  and  those 
intermediate  between  the  first  and  the  eighth  are  graduated  in  length,  so 
i\»  to  form  a  rounded  outline  for  the  anterior  or  upper, portion  of  the  fin ; 
the  pectoral  appendages  slender,  the  third  being  slightly  greater  in  length 
than  the  thirteenth  ray,  being  }  as  long  as  the  first,  while  the  second  its 
intermediate  between  the  other  two;  the  ventral  inserted  directly  under 
the  bHHe  of  the  pectoral  appendages,  its  first  spine  about  equal  in  length 
to  the  prcopercnlar  spine  from  the  base  of  the  supplemental  spines,  its 
longest,  the  third  and  fourth,  exactly  equal  in  length  to  the  base  of  the 
second  dorsal.  Color  brownish  above,  with  about  4  indistinct  transverse 
band-like  blotches,  1  of  which  is  on  the  base  of  the  caudal,  whitish  beneath ; 
vertical  fins  uniform,  the  tips  of  the  caudal  rays  blackish,  with  2  indis- 
tinct cloud-like  bands  in  advance  of  the  terminal  bands  thus  formed ;  a 
black  blotch,  with  whitish  anterior  margin  on  the  membrane  between  the 
fourth  and  fifth  dorsal  spines;  a  very  inconspicnons  blackish  spot  on 
the  membrane  between  the  fifth  and  sixth;  others  still  less  conspicuous 
on  the  succeeding  interspaces ;  the  pectoral  blotched  and  clouded  with 
blackish  brown  and  white.  Off  Charleston,  South  Carolina;  1  specimen 
obtained  in  the  same  haul  with  Xotosema  dilectum.  (Goode  &  Bean.)  It 
is  a  very  well-marked  specie.s,  distinguished  especially  by  its  very  long 
pectoral  fin.     (a Ja(tt»,  winged.) 

Vrionotuf  alatut,  Goode  &  Bean,  Bull.  5fu8.  Comp.  Zool.,  xrx,  210,  1883,  deep  sea  off 
Charleston,  South  Carolina ;  Jcibdan,  Cat.  Fish.  N.  Am.,  114, 1865  {  Joruam  &  HrOHES, 
Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  188C,  332;  GooDB  &  Bean,  Ocean.  Ichth.,  467. 1896. 

Subgenus  PRIONOTUS. 
2488.  PUIONOTI  S  MILKS,  Jenyns. 

Head  2t ;  depth  4^;  eye  li  in  head.  D.  X-12;  A.  10  or  11;  scales  about 
78.  Body  elongate,  rather  slender.  Head  moderate,  not  very  rough; 
mouth  moderate,  maxillary  scarcely  reaching  front  of  orbit,  2i  in  head; 
iuterorbital  area  concave,  narrow,  1|  in  eye;  no  transverse  postorbital 
groove;  no  8i)ino  on  center  of  radiation  of  cheek,  opercular  spine  rather 
we;ik,  less  prominent  than  the  humeral  spine,  preoperciilar  spine  slightly 
larger  than  the  humeral  8]>ine,  no  Bm:tller  one  before  it;  all  of  the  spines 
simple;  preorbital  ridge  serrulate,  no  conspicuous  postorbital  ridge;  tem- 
poral ridges  present,  all  of  the  bones  of  the  head  with  radiating  striip; 
snout  ouiarginate,  about  10  })romiuout  spiuules  on  e:ich  lobe,  teeth  on 


Jordan  and  Evcntiann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2101 

vouier  in  '1  |iutrh«>a,  ou  jaws  aiiil  pjtlstines  in  baiiils.  0111  r.-ikt^ri)  ratlirr 
lonu,  ahotit  H>  hclow  the  angle,  'A  or  I  lnWroloa  on  nntertor  p»rt  of  iirch. 
PectoDil  Rua  lon;r,  roui-hing  to  iniil<ll«of  thermal  fin:  first  liorgal  spiiio 
M'l-ukcr  niifi  shnrt<»r  tbim  tlie  si-conil,  it«  length  'l\  in  the  hwjul,  ]oii);Mt 
iloPMal  M]iint>  2j|  in  lii-ad;  veiitrulo  rciichlnp;  front  of  anal,  \\,  iu  the  hcail; 
first  doreul  npine  finely  sernilatc,  other  apinL<8  not  serrated ;  oninlikl  enmr- 
((inntc,  4i  in  the  length  of  the  liody.  Color  uniform  Imiwaiifth  iibove, 
ilistnt  S  of  spiiiuae  ilarmil  bliick :  Aoft  <lor6!ii  and  cnndal  faintly  barrMl; 
vontrals  and  anal  white;  j>ei>torftl«  Mackmh  with  whit^.-  m.-irgiuB.  Oala- 
piiKOM  Islands;  not  rare.  Hens  dcscriliod  from  nninerniis  tiut>  Hpeoiuions,  >< 
to  10  iarhea  in  Icin^h,  from  the  (>alnpago.s.     (uiifcir,  n  soldier.) 

lWvmalu^  miht.  Jkxyxk  /ool.  Kcftcle.  FUliiMt.  2n.  pi.  0,  1842,  Chatham  laland,  Oalapagoa 
ArchipeliEO  (Coll  Cliiirle*  Uurwlii)  ^  lU'xrnBB,  Cat.,  n,  IM.  I860. 

S480.  PBIOXOTI'H  srKrH4.Y0rHBTS,  LorkingtMu 

He»(l  2|;  depth  i;  eye  U  in  nuont.  D.  X-12  or  13;  A.  11  or  12;  P. 
lS-f-3;  KPales  .Vi.  Body  ralhrr  Htont;  head  l:»rKf,  compri'nned,  broa<l,  Hnd 
very  nearly  pl.ine  above,  the  iMt<'rorbital  ri'jfion  not  coucavu;  no  trans- 
verse furrow  behind  orbit*;  orbital  rim  with  n  BJi^btly  raist'd.  aerrnted 
crest;  snotit  very  short,  i  length  of  Ijcad;  mouth  large,  the  broad  maxil- 
lary roacliinu  beyond  front  of  orbit;  l>ands  of  palatine  teeth  verynamnv; 
jjill  rakers  rather  lonjiund  slender;  bend  less  rough  than  usual,  the  buiioB 
little  striate;  oceipital  proreaa  not  reaching  (ii-st  dorsal  spine;  pn-orbitiil 
little  projtrctinK ;  preoperelo  with  :i  strong  smooth  spine,  rcai'liiiiK  sliKlitly 
beyond  membrane  of  o{>erclo;  opercle  endiniir  in  2  points,  the  lower  n 
long  sjiine,  the  membrane  eonnecting  the  'J  sraly ;  scales  thin,  eiliiite,  not 
closely  i lubricate ;  first  dorsal  spine  i;r:iunlateiu  front;  poetorttls  reaching 
beyond  miiblle  of  anal,  about  to  base  of  ninth  ray;  free  rays  very  slender, 
the  uppennoKt  inoro  than  4  leiij;th  of  tin;  ventrals  not  reaching;  veut; 
caud»l  slightly  einarfpnate.  Pale  oliTac<-out.  abrnptly  whiti^  at  level  of 
pectorals;  baek  and  sides  with  u  few  scattered  dark  spots;  biiinehioBte- 
gal.iniOKtly  Hiin'ron  yello^v  :  spinouadorsaldnsky,  with  dilTuHe  dark  blotches 
most  ilistini^t  between  fourth,  fifth,  and  sixth  spines;  s«'cond  dorsal  spot- 
ted:  candal  with  d.irk  blotches;  pertorals  dark,  with  lar^e,  round,  black 
sjMjte.  Deep  water  olT  San  Francisco,  Point  Reyes,  Monterey,  and  Lower 
California;  I  specimens  known.  Here  ile«cribed  from  Mr.  Lockiiif^ton's 
type,  and  front  2  nthem  c<illeite«l  by  the  Albatroi*  at  Statiou  3(Ht,  ena^t 
of  Lower  California,    (ire^aroi,  ttown;  o«pi>5,  eyebrow.) 

t'rimtolat  itttihaitopkry;  I/OCKIXOTDN,  I*rv<:  I'.  S.  Nnt.  Kils,  IfQO.  ^2»,  Point  Reyei.  nesr 
San  Francisco:  Joia>4ii  a  Iiiijuckt,  I'nir..  V.  ^.  Nat  Mim.  1S80,  t'A;  .Iouimn  u  Hu^ 
BBirr.  rroc.  f.S.Nal  Mm.  1H«I,  (B;  .fonn*.'*  A  (iaiiKUT,  S.rtiopiiu.  736,  I88:ii  Juuhan 
iL  Hunillii,  Pruc.  i;.  a  Kat.  Mu«.  liM.  XM. 

atM.  J>IU0.>0Tn8  qriKNCKXK,  Jurdan  A  Benman. 

ITeiul  2i  to  2i  (3i  to  'H  with  caudal);  depth  4  to  4i  [f>  to  6) ;  eye  modcr- 

B,  H  to  5  in  head.     D.  X-Vi;  A.  11;  siiile",  in  lateral  line.  W)  to  .V.;  in 

ilongitudinnl  series  60  to  70.     Body  rather  slender,  compressed,  not  much 


i 


2162         Bulletin  47,  United  States  Nationcd  Museum. 

narrowed  above,  the  width  of  the  nape  between  the  occipital  spines  4  to 
4i  in  head;  head  moderately  elongate,  not  elevated;  eyes  not  prominent, 
the  profile  from  snout  to  nape  almost  straight  or  slightly  convex ;  snout 
broad,  of  about  equal  length  and  breadth,  2^  to  2}  in  head;  anterior  mar- 
gin emarg^nate ;  preorbital  little  projecting,  its  edge  with  about  15  to  20 
fine  serrce,  the  anterior  strongest  with  the  exception  of  the  last  one,  which 
is  directed  backward.  Surface  of  hones  of  head  smoother  than  usual  in 
this  genus  and  with  fine  radiating  granular  striae,  those  on  opercles, 
cheeks,  and  top  of  head  most  strongly  developed.  Month  rather  large, 
maxillary  2\  in  head,  reaching  slightly  beyond  anterior  orbital  rim.  Band 
of  palatine  teeth  narrow.  Orbital  rim  not  especially  elevated,  its  edges 
granulated,  especially  anteriorly,  preorbital  and  postorbital  spines  small 
and  blunt;  interorbital  not  deeply  concave,  rather  wide,  its  least  width 
4f  to  .5  in  head ;  no  groove  across  top  of  head  behind  orbital  rim ;  occipital 
ridges  present,  the  inner  very  low,  ending  in  a  very  small  spine;  outer 
large,  ending  in  a  moderate  spine,  the  pair  diverging,  their  inner  edges 
serrulate,  the  spines  extending  to  neatly  opposite  first  dorsal  spine;  tem- 
poral region  with  a  slight  elevated  roughish  ridge,  but  no  spine;  preoper- 
cular  spine  long  and  sharp,  its  anterior  edge  somewhat  serrulate,  no 
smaller  spine  below  itand  none  on  suborbital  stay ;  opercular  and  humeral 
spines  well  developed,  sharp;  no  trace  of  spines  on  suborbital  or  preor- 
bital. There  are  but  3  distinct  spines  on  each  side  of  the  head,  occipital, 
opercular,  and  preopercnlar.  Membranaceous  flap  of  opercle  with  a  few 
scales.  Gill  rakers  Jong  and  slender,  about  equal  to  \  diameter  of  eye, 
8  to  10  well  developed.  Scales  quite  small,  those  on  breast  (between  ven- 
trals)  larger  than  those  on  belly  or  throat;  scales  extending  beyond  base 
of  pectorals  to  isthmus ;  about  12  to  15  rows  between  occiput  and  front  of 
dorsal.  Spinous  dorsal  rather  low ;  first  spine  not  strongly  serrulate,  \ 
length  of  seconfl,  which  is  2J  in  head;  first  ray  of  second  dorsal  weakly 
serrulate  at  base ;  longest  ray  shorter  than  snout  and  slijj;htly  less  than  3 
in  head;  longest  nnal  ray  3^  in  head;  caudal  Innate,  1^  to  If  in  head; 
pectoral  generally  reaching  lant  dorsal  ray,  a  little  more  than  \  body; 
veutrals  reacbing  vent,  l)f  to  1}  in  head.  Coloration  in  spirits,  grayish, 
unspotted,  more  dusky  above ;  spinous  dorsal  dusky,  a  distinct  black  spot 
between  fifth  and  sixth  spines;  soft  dorsal  with  3  rows  of  diffuse  spots; 
caudal  dusky  on  the  outer  if  and  base;  pectorals  mostly  black,  with  faint 
pale  cloudings ;  A'entrals  and  anal  pale ;  l)()dy  largely  red  in  life.  Related 
to  Prionotua  stephanophrya,  Lockiugton,  but  the  interorbital  area  concave; 
the  bones  of  head  much  striate  aud  granulated,  and  the  caudal  differently 
colored.  It  also  bears  some  re.semblance  to  the  Atlantic  species  Prionotua 
atearnai.  Pacific  Ocean,  the  types  taken  ofi"  the  coast  of  Colombia;  al>undant 
in  various  places  in  7  to  60  fathoms;  also  found  at  Albalroaa  Station  3039, 
in  the  Gulf  of  California,     {quiescena,  resting  quietly.) 

rrionolui  qtiittant,  Jordan  &  Bolivian,  Proc.  U.  S.  Kat.  Mug.  1889, 166,  off  Pacific  coast 
of  Colombia,  at  Albatross  Stations  2800, 3801, 3803,  and  3805.  (Type,  No.  4115.3,  U.  S. 
NatMus.    Co\\.  AWatroat.) 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  Am/rica.      2163 


S'lDI.  rUIO.VOTt'K  JlLniROMTKIS,  ,lord*u&  Ilullmitli. 

H««d  3  in  length  (S}  with  cftiulal);  ilopth  4^  (5^);  eye  rat.her  iargv,  \^ 
in  head.  D.  X-12;  A.  U;  pores  along  lateral  line  50  to  55.  Body  iuoder> 
ately  doriKftte,  littlo  coinprt-ssed,  narrowed  above,  the  width  of  the  uapo 
lictween  the  occipitiil  BjiiDi'M  bein^;  4^  in  bi*ad ;  head  rather  Hhort  and  hi};fa ; 
eye*  prominent,  the  anterior  proKle  regnlarly  roncave,  the  eyes  and  fore- 
hcitil  lesH  prominent  tbitn  in  /'.  rn\i\o.  Snout  brnnd,  itt:  breadth  at  an^Ie 
of  mouth  almost  eiinal  to  its  h-nKth,  'i\  in  head,  itn  anterior  margin  not 
produced,  bnt  slightly  emargiuute:  8erra>  short  and  even,  blantiHh,  about 
20  well  developed;  whole  edge  of  preorbitul  with  fine  serrie.  Anfa'rior 
nostril  with  a  large  dap.  Surface  of  bonen  of  head  with  strong  radiating 
Btrin>,  those  in  front  of  eyes  most  broken  up  into  granulations.  Month 
nioderiite,  maxillary  2}  in  head,  not  reaching  front  of  eye;  Imnd  of  pala- 
tine tet'th  rather  lirond.  Interorbital  space  narrow,  deeply  concave, 
sinonther  than  rest  of  head,  its  least  width  6^  iu  head;  orbital  rim  ele- 
vated, with  conrse  Hpine-like  Mtriie  in  front,  inner  largext,  forming  the 
preocular  spine;  upper  margin  with  moderate,  otrong  serro-  ending  Wbind 
iu  a  large,  supraocular  spine;  no  groove  across  top  of  head  behiud  orbital 
ritn;  occipital  ridges  strong,  the  inner  pair  with  a  few  tt^perities  at  base, 
ending  in  a  compresRed  spine,  the  outer  with  stronger  Rerrje  at  boAe  and 
exti-nding  to  o]>poBite  first  dorsiil  itpiue;  temporal  ridge  slightly  crenulnte, 
with  '1  blunt  spiuea;  proo]>ereular  spine  without  a  smaller  one  at  base,  hut 
with  a  high  sharp  ridge  before  it,  serrulate  at  base,  this  ridge  not  ending 
in  a  distinct  spine;  edge  serrulate  ;  suborbital  stay  with  an  elevated  ser- 
rulate ridge,  l)ut  no  spine;  ojiercular  sjiino  suintl  and  blunt,  smaller  than 
the  strong  humeral  spine;  no  spines  on  suborbital  or  pruorbital ;  menibra- 
naeeouH  flap  of  opercle  scaly.  Gill  rakers  rather  short,  longer  than  inter- 
spuces,  the  longest  rather  less  than  \  eye,  5  most  strongly  developed. 
Sralos  Kiuall,  those  on  lielly  smaller  than  those  on  breast,  not  extending 
before  a  line  drawn  between  base  of  pectorals  and  ventrals;  abont  'scales 
between  occiput  and  dorsal;  sjiinnns  dorsal  moderately  high,  the  first 
spine  very  strongly  serrulate  in  front,  shorter  than  second,  which  ia  \ 
hcitd ;  first  ray  of  second  dorsal  serrnlat*'  at  ba»e,  the  longest  ray  rery 
slightly  longer  thsin  snout;  longest  anal  rny  3  in  head;  caodal  subtrun- 
cate,  14  in  hctt«l;  pectorals  long,  reaching  to  the  last  dorsal  ray  or  even 
further  iu  young  specinteus,  1,',,  iu  body;  ventrals  reaehing  thinl  anal  ray, 
1^  iu  bead.  Coloration  in  spirila,  gray  ish,  unspotted,  darkest  above,  and 
with  darker  cross  slindes;  snout  and  jaws  white;  the  tip  of  each  jaw,  » 
bar  across  each  jaw,  and  1  behind  angle  of  mouth,  black;  a  block  bar  ou 
anU'rior  and  another  on  posterior  part  of  interorbital,  the  latter  extend- 
ing across  the  cheek;  first  dorsal  dusky,  vaguely  clouded  with  darker; 
Mx-ond  irregidarly  s[iotted,  its  jiosterior  half  dusky ;  caudal  broadly  black 
at  base  and  tip,  its  middle  part  yellowish;  pectorals  dark,  with  a  flight 
violet  shade  and  traces  of  dnrker  mottlings;  middle  of  anal  dusky; 
ventrals  dusky  on  upper  surface.  Pacitio  coaat  of  tropical  Ameritia; 
taken  at  Albatroiis  Station  3014,  in  Gulf  of  California ;  also  known  from  sev- 
eral specimens,  the  largest  5^  inches  long,  dredged  at  .4 //>a(ro»«  Station  27115, 
at  a  depth  of  33  fathoms.    It  approaches  I'rtonolu*  quirjiotut  in  teobnical 


2164         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


characters,  bnt  is  very  different  in  appearance;  eaaily  distingaished  by 
the  form,  armature,  and  coloration  of  the  bead.  {aOmt,  white;  rostrum, 
anont.) 

iVionotuf  oXbirottHi,  Jordan  It.  Bollxan,  Ptoo.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mas.  18^,  168,  Pacific  Ocean  off 
the  coaat  of  Colombia,  at  Albatroaa  Station  ans,  7°  S7'  N.,  78°  $5'  W.  (Type,  Ko. 
41162,  U.S.  Nat.  Hiia.) 

8499.  PBIONOTDK  BCBIO,  Jordan. 

(RCBtO  VOLADOR.) 

Head  3;  depth  .5.  D.  X-11;  A.  10;  scales  ahont  57,  pores  52.  Body  not 
very  slonder;  gill  rakers  very  short,  tubercle-like,  9  or  10  developed,  little 
if  any  longer  than  the  interspaces;  first  dorsal  spine  nearly  smooth; 
month  not  very  large,  the  maxillary  2^  to  2}  in  head;  interorbit«I  space 
moderately  concave,  its  width  about  ^  length  of  eye ;  no  cirrus  above  the 
eye ;  distance  from  supraocular  spine  to  nuchal  scales  about  equal  to  eye ; 
supraocular  and  nuchal  spines  low;  occipital  spines  wanting;  temporal 
ridge  sharp,  ending  in  a  blunt  spine;  preorbital  projecting,  strongly  ser- 
rate ;  a  blunt  spine  on  each  side  of  snout,  behind  serrse  of  preorbital ;  a 
blunt  spine  behind  this  above  angle  of  month ;  no  spine  on  cheek  bone  in 
adult;  upper  opercular  spine  almost  obsolete;  bones  of  head  rather 
strongly  striate,  bnt  not  granulate;  scales  rather  large,  abont  52  pores; 
first  dorsal  spine  not  much  shorter  than  second,  which  is  2\  in  head ; 
caudal  very  slightly  concave;  pectorals  longer  than  in  any  other  species 
(except  alatus),  reaching  entirely  past  bases  of  dorsal  and  anal,  its  tip 
snbtruncate,  the  longest  ray  about  the  ninth;  ventrals  reaching  a  little 
past  vent.  Color  in  life,  dark  olive,  with  ri  vnlations  of  light  green ;  sides 
shaded  with  pale  salmon  color;  edge  of  pectoral  light  bine,  ventrals  red- 
dish; upper  fins  marked  with  difi'erent  8ha<les  of  brown.  From  related 
species,  P.  riiHo  is  well  distiugnished  by  its  long  pectorals,  and  by  its 
very  short  gill  rakers,  much  shorter  than  in  any  other  specieH,  P.  ophryat 
coming  nearest  it  in  tliis  respect.  West  Indies;  not  rare;  our  specimens 
from  Cuba  and  Jamaica,     {rubio,  robin,  the  Spanish  name.) 

Rubio  voladoT.  PaRRA,  Descr.  Dif.  Piezas  de  HiBt.  Nat.,  1787,  lam.  38,  Havana. 

I'rionoltai punetattui.Pnr.v,  Synopsis,  304,1868;  Poky,  Ennameratio,  41,  1875;  Jordak  & 

GiLiiEKT,  Synopsis,  956;  not  TrigUt  pvnctata  nt  BLOcn. 
VHonutut  nihio,  Jordan,  Proo.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mna.   1886,   50,    ^avana    (Coll.  Jordan); 

Jordan  &  Hdohes,  Proc.  TJ.  S.  Nat  Mus.  1886,  334. 

S493.  PBIOXOTCS  0PBBTA8,  Jordan  &  Swain. 

Head  .?  in  length  (3J  with  caudal);  depth  i\  (5^);  eye  ^  in  head.  D. 
VIII-13;  A.  11;  scalcH  (trausverso  serie.s)  about  75;  pores  in  lateral  line 
about  50.  Body  rather  slender,  narrower  anteriorly  and  more  compressed 
above  than  in  other  specicvs,  the  width  of  the  nape  between  the  outer  pair 
of  occipital  spines  being  not  qnite  i  the  length  of  the  head;  upper  profile 
of  head  peculiar,  being  nearly  straight  from  above  front  of  eye  backward, 
and  steep  and  strongly  concave  from  front  of  eye  to  tip  of  snout,  the 
snout,  therefore,  steeper,  mor«<  depressed,  and  rather  shorter  than  in  related 
species,  its  length  being  2^  in  head;  snout  not  very  broad,  its  f^ont 


Jordan  and  Rvennann. — Fishes  of  North  America,      2165 


broadly  ruimded,  ito  tip,  as  itiinnl,  c-naar<;inate,  ita  fdgn  with  line  a*<rrtiA 
direvtod  backward,  but  nu  spiiies;  eurfaois  of  bones  of  tbe  bxivd  c(iv«>r«>d 
nrith  fine,  sharply  detiiiod  ntriii',  but  with  nou*.'  nf  tbe  siuall  (;rutjuli<tioDB 
whicb  an*  round  iu  /'.  xtriijutun  auU  other  ^peoicn.  Mo'itli  riitbvr  wide, 
th«.«  tuuxill.-iry  reacbing  nearly  to  front  uf  eye,  the  niaudible  quit**  to  front 
lit'  eye;  maxillary  2^  in  head;  band  uf  palatine  t<'etb  uf  mi>dt<ratc  length, 
aa  loo);  oh  eye.  Kye  hirge,  placed  high:  upper  part  uf  i-yi-  nitb  a  fleshy 
oirruH  ralhcr  i*iil»rgi<d  toward  the  tip  and  fringed,  thiM  reaiTiibliiig  tbe 
cirri  la  Si-nrpiiua,  ite  length  about,  i  that  of  the  eye;  iuterorbital  area 
very  narrow  and  very  deeply  eoueave,  its  leaot  width  littlti  more  than  | 
the  length  of  the  head  and  not  J  the  length  of  the  ey«;  depth  of  inter- 
orbital  area  nearly  j^  li'ngtb  of  eye;  bone  forming  aiiti<rior  portion  of 
orbital  riui  very  itrominenl,  forming  a  Htrougly  striated  croet,  each  of  the 
8tri:i>  ending  in  a  projecting  point  or  Mpintile;  upper  portion  of  orbital  riui 
prominent,  er<?n,  ending  liebiad  the  eye  iu  u  sharp  baekward-diiected 
■pine,  behind  which  is  a  short  cross  groove,  which  does  not  extend  across 
llie  top  uf  tbe  heail;  disbiuce  from  tbe  base  of  this  tipine  to  the  scales  un 
nape  very  short,  not  more  than  {  the  length  of  the  eye;  both  pairs  of 
occipital  sptiics  distinct,  the  outer  and  larger  ones  ext<-udiiig  to  opposite 
front  of  dorsal;  a  aniall  spine  on  temporal  re;L;ion  in  front  of  ouU-r  pait  of 
spines:  prcopercle  with  a  single  moderate  spine  at  the  end  of  a  luug  ridge; 
no  Huialler  spine  at  its  base ;  oporclf  strongly  striate,  with  2  strong  Hpincs, 
of  which  tbe  upper  one  is  proportionately  larger  than  usnid;  a  single, 
rather  strong  humeral  spine;  inombranaceons  Hap  of  opcrcle  scaly,  (iill 
rakers  very  short  and  thick,  about  li  dcvelojied,  these  not  i  longer  than 
the  intentpaccs,  and  not  i  length  of  eye;  they  are  about  1  an  broad  as 
high,  thus  having  a  form  very  dittereiit  tYom  thai  seen  iu  /*,  rrolan;  P. 
lUigaiuii,  I',  iril'ulu;  etc.  Scales  rather  large,  the  scales  on  tbe  back  little 
reduced  ill  si/.c,  abont  10  between  occiput  and  ilorsal  fin  <17  iu  I'.  »lri- 
gutu*).  Doi-Mul  spine«  high  and  ralbcr  slender,  the  lint  rather  the  blgh- 
e^t,  it«  length  1^  iu  head,  ita  anterior  margin  not  granulated;  soft  dorsal 
rather  high,  its  longest  ray  2  in  head <- caudal  U  in  head;  loiigemt  anal  ray 
'i\  in  head:  iiectorals  rather  long,  ext^-ndiug  nearly  to  last  my*  of  dorsal, 
their  length  ulmont  twice  head;  detached  rays  moderate,  the  lipperuiost 
or  luugeat  I^  ill  bead;  veutruls  1/,  in  heail.  (.'oloratiou  largely  faded  in 
th«  typical  cvaiiiplu;  d<<ej>  eriiuson  iu  life;  pale  below  ;  caudal  with2diirk 
Close  hands;  pectorals  duskv,  Ibo  free  rays  with  dusky  spots;  vcutraU 
pule,  with  some  dusky  bands;  head  nearly  plain,  the  eirri  dark.  A  si<<t. 
utid  Bpe<  inieii,  iu  very  had  condition,  has  since  been  obtained  by  ns  from 
the  auuie  source.  In  Ibii  the  iiudiKei^ted  partn  of  tli>'  bead  and  budv  are 
ol  a  dcej)  orimsou,  Probably  all  the  deep-water  species  of  this  gttnns  will 
be  found  to  lie  red  in  life.  tJnlf  of  Mexico,  in  de«p  water;  known  "uly 
from  the  Snapper  Itauks,  near  i'ciieacola.  Described  from  the  original 
type,  7i  incliet  long,  taken  from  ihc  stomach  of  a  lied  Snapper  i  Senmu-nit 
ana),  from  tlia  Peusacola  Snapper  Uonka,  by  Mr.  Silas  Stearua.  {'x^ijvai. 
having  projecting  eyebrows.) 

J'ritmotui  tiphryiu,  JiiRrijU*  Jk  Swaix  Pmr.  IT.  S.  Nai,  Mii»,  I8>i4.  M".  Snspper  Banks  ofT 
Peotacols  iTyiK-.  No.  '^tu.  Celt,  ftiln*  St«<«rn*) :  JoaoAX,  Cut.  ilsU.  K,  Am.,  Ua,  U8&; 
JOKU.411  U  UuuHM,  Pruc.  U,  S.  S)lL  yium.  ItltM,  \iU. 


2166  Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


S4M.  PBIONOTVS  8TEABN8I,  Jordan  &  Swain. 

Adnlt  example:  Head  2J  in  length  (3^  with  caudal);  depth  4i  (6J);  eye 
5i  in  head.  D.  VIII  or  IX-12;  A.  12;  scales  in  transverse  series  about  50; 
pores  in  lateral  line  about  52 ;  length  of  specimen,  14^  inches.  Body  rather 
robust,  formed  much  as  in  P.  tribulut;  width  of  nape  between  occipital 
spines  not  quite  i  length  of  bead ;  head  very  large,  broad,  and  unusually 
smooth,  the  profile,  except  for  the  prominence  of  the  orbital  region,  form- 
ing a  very  gentle  and  somewhat  regnlar  arch;  snout  very  broad,  truncate 
at  tip,  its  breadth  at  tip  3^  in  head,  its  length  2||^;  edge  of  snout  grannlar, 
without  spines.  Surface  of  all  bones  of  head  very  finely,  evenly,  and 
regularly  striated,  the  stria)  much  finer  than  in  P.  trihulut,  their  granula- 
tions all  minute.  Mouth  wide,  the  maxillary  reaching  front  of  eye,  its 
length  about  2^  in  head.  Band  of  palatine  teeth  well  developed.  Eye 
large,  placed  high;  no  cirri;  interorbitsl  space  aboat  as  in  P.  trihulut, 
rather  broad  and  moderately  concave,  wider  than  the  eye,  and  about  5  in 
head.  Bone  at  anterior  portion  of  orbital  rim  very  prominent,  serrulate, 
its  principal  ridge  ending  in  a  stout,  blunt  spine;  supraorbital  rim  little 
prominent  and  without  spine ;  no  cross  groove  on  top  of  head ;  a  slight, 
bluntish  spine  behind  eye;  no  spines  on  temporal  ridge;  outer  pair  of 
occipital  spines  short,  strong,  compressed,  not  qoite  reaching  front  of  dor- 
sal; inner  pair  and  their  ridges  obsolete;  opercular  and  preopercnlar 
spines  short,  the  latter  with  no  smaller  one  at  its  base ;  upper  opercular 
spine  very  weak ;  humeral  spine  moderate ;  membranaceous  flap  of  opercle 
with  about  5  rows  of  scales ;  no  spine  on  cheek  bone.  Gill  rakers  short 
and  few,  little  longer  than  in  P.  ophryat,  the  longest  about  |  interorbital 
width,  about  \  longer  than  the  interspaces,  and  perhaps  5  times  as  high 
as  broad;  about  9  gill  rakers  developed.  Scales  comparatively  large, 
those  on  the  back  little  reduced  in  size,  about  10  before  dorsal  fin ;  7  scales 
in  a  vertical  row  from  first  my  of  soft  dursal  to  lateral  line.  Dorsal  tins 
rather  low  and  strong  (the  first  injured),  with  its  anterior  margin  not 
granulated;  the  third  2j  in  head;  soft  dorsal  moderate,  its  longest  ray  3^ 
in  head;  caudal  very  slightly  concave,  its  longest  rays  IJ  in  head.  Pec- 
toral fins  rather  short,  reaching  third  ray  of  anal,  2^  in  body,  their  length 
little  more  than  length  of  heiul ;  detached  rays  tapering,  a  little  more 
than  i  head  ;  ventrals  about  reaching  vent,  li  in  head.  Color  in  alcohol, 
nearly  plain  brownish  olive,  with  dark  shades  at  the  bases  of  many  of 
the  scales,  giving  a  mottled  appearance;  head  everywhere  conspicuously 
reticulate  with  blackish,  in  fine  pattern;  pectoral  tin  dusky,  with  a  net- 
work of  fine  black  cross  streaks;  dorsals  similarly  marked,  the  spinous 
dorsal  with  a  dittnse  black  blotch  between  the  fourth  and  sixth  spines; 
caudal  plain,  slightly  dusky;  an.al  and  ventrals  pale;  pectoral  filaments 
nearly  so.  In  the  young  the  body  is  more  slender,  the  snout  less 
broad,  with  a  slightly  euinrgiuate  tip,  eye  larger,  4J  in  head;  no  spine  or 
groove  l»ehin<l  the  eye;  gill  rakers  more  slender,  about  13  in  number. 
Gulf  of  Mexico;  in  deep  water.  Kdowu  from  2  specimens,  both  taken  on 
the  Sn.ipper  Banks,  off  Pensacola,  by  Mr.  Silas  Stearns.  The  original 
type  is  a  small  specimen,  not  4  inches  long.  The  other  is  very  iiirg^,  about 
13  inches  long,  larger  than  any  other  specimen  of  Priouotut  which  we  have 


Jordan  am 

ever  HMD.  In  spite  of  tbe  remarkable  differvncea  iu  appearance  of  tbe 
two  spei:ini<;iia,  there  is  little  reasoa  to  iloubt  their  apecitic  identity,  as 
very  Hiiiiilur  diireroutes  ditititiiiruiHli  tlie  young  ami  otd  of  P.  tribulim.  Ac- 
cordiug  to  Mr.  St<'am8,  the  lar^e  MpBi-imva  \va,M  in  life  of  ;i  lirijiht  iniuiiou 
red.  or  all  tLo  spei'iea  of  tliu  geuns  tlir  present  oinj  bus  tbe  flpiiics  <>(  tbo 
bead  leant  developed,  itJi  tippi-r  iiui-f:i<-e  bein;;  almost  smnotL.  (Naiituil  fur 
tbo  lute  t^il&s  i^t-caiiiB,  uf  Peusacobi,  luii^r  :i  volntit'-er  OttHiatitiit  to  tbe  V.  S. 
Kigb  Coiiiniiesidii,  and  a  moat  inteUigeut  litiident  of  c-conutnic  questions  in 
iiiurinu  k'htbyology.) 

PptonodM  fteamn,  Jordan  i  Swaw,  Proc.  U.  S.  KaL  Mnn.  1884,  Ml.  Penucola,  yonnft 
(Type,  No.  »fle43.  Coll.  Slim  StonmB) ;  .ToBD.t.)(.  (.'at.  Finh.  X.  Am.,  115,  IBIfiS ;  Jokdah, 
Proc.  r.S.  NaUMiii.  1BS6.  ;a8,  adult;  Jordan  i  Ul-gbes,  Proc.  U.C.  Nat.  Moa.  1880, 

836:  OooDE  <&  BEA.f,  Uoeanlc  IchtliTology,  iW,  1896.  i 

ll 

a4«K.  PUIONOTCS  STBKaTtS  (Cnvier  &  Valeneicnnes).  } 

1 
(XoRTHKRN  Ktuiped  GUMMAKb:  BBOvrN-winoEO  8ea-Kobix.)  I 

He«d2f ;  depth  aboat  4.    D.  X-U;  A.  IX;  scales  50  to  60  pores.     Elody 
ratbtT  robust;  bead  moderately  large;  prcoperGular  spine  with  a  distinct  > 

smaller  one  at  tbe  base,  r.iudal  lin  very  slij^litly  Innate;  pe<-tor:il  (in  siib- 
tnincttte,  (Jbeek  botiu  wltbout  distinct  spine  at  the  renter  of  nidintlori; 
edgt!  of  preorbitalgrnniiljir-.serrote,  witlKMitdintinctapine,  thesemi-  tibnnt 
12  in  iiiiuiber  on  racb  side;  temporal  rtdf;e»i  rougbij*h,  but  without  spines; 
bones  of  the  linnd  with  tbe  ^tria^  coarsidy  grauiilar;  iiioiitb  moderate,  tbo 
maxillary  about  9J.  in  head;  bead  not  viTy  l)rt>ad,  the  H]ii[it>8  on  itn  upper 
surfacp,  except  tbo  unelial  spine,  ineoiispiciious.  tiill  rakf-r*  longer  and 
slenderer  than  iu  other  speeies,  15  to  20  developed.  L'oloratiou  brownish; 
side  with  a  very  distlTict  dusky  broiy.o  band  below  tbe  lateral  line  and 
parallel  with  it,  this  bccoRiini;  broken  posteriorly  into  a  series  ofronndiKh 
dark  spots;  some  dork  atrtMkw  and  chmda  below  thisstripe;  tins  with  dark 
i-loiiils,  (he  soft  dorsal  with  2  ibirk  blotrhos,  which  e.>ktend  lis  bars  on  the 
b.iok;  head  with  sciitlered  dark  8|int8;  dusky  urea  buloiv  eye;  petloral 
with  its  rays  eaidi  crossed  by  iiue  black  bars,  these  eH]>ei;iaUy  distinct 
toward  the  base  of  the  lin;  free  rays  f  ])otted ;  interorhital  area  broad  and 
almost  flat,  its  width  a  little  more  than  length  of  eye;  fnxt  d«r,-ji]  spine 
granulated;  seeouil  spine  i:j  iu  bt-ad  ;  pectorals  about  j  the  length  of  the 
brjdy.  .\thmtii-  coast  of  the  Northern  Sr.-ktu.H,  Cape  Cod  to  Virginia;  very 
coniDiou  iu  sballow  Wiiler.  Tb©  apeiiuiens  here  described  Ironi  Marthas 
Vineyard,  It  is  extremely  cdose  to  ['rioNotiiii  rfi/lam,  itt  whii-h  it  may  be 
a  geographical  variety.  VVe  have,  however,  oa  yet  seen  no  intermediate 
exainpleSj  which  should  be  looked  for  otf  the  coaat  of  Virginia,  (utrigatus, 
stripe<l, ) 

Trif/la  (iiMpta.  Mitchiu,  Trana-Llt.  and  Phil- 8o«>.  New  Yurk.l,  iei4,<Sa,pI.  4,flx.«;  not 

Trigla  linrata,  Bloch. 
Triglti  itrinato,  Cirviu.  Kigav  Animal,  Ed. TI,  vol.  2. 141,  1S2»,  New  York;  after  NiMOta, 

Mrrtuiu.. 
I'riondUM  Uiifalut,  Ihi  Kay,  Hew  Yoric  Fauna ;  Fiabna,  <&,  pi.  4,  61;.  12,  1842;  SrOMdl, 

Synopftis,  50, 1848:  GO>rrHii.B.  Cat.,  n,  192. 1800. 
i'rUmptut  tvoUmt  m.Hiuatm,  Jordan  tt  Uilbut,  Bynopaia,  734,  1883. 


J 


21 6S         Bulletin  ^7,  United  States  National  Museum. 

Prionobu  ttrigatut,  CtrviEB  &  VALKHcnMNBS,  HUt.  Kkt.  FoIm.,  88,  1829;  Stoskb 
BeportFiah.  Mwis.,  12,  1839;  Ayke8,  Boat.  Jomn.  Ifat  Hist.,  iv,  1812,  258;  Jos- 
DAH&GiLBKBT.Syuopsis, 974. 1883, note;  JoBDAN,  Cat. Fish.N.Am..  115,1886:  JoKDAir 
&  HCOBES,  Proc  U.  S.  Nat  Mim.  1886, 335. 

Prionotui  rvolam.  GrOODK  &.  Bbah,  Boll.  Ewex  Inat.,  XI,  12,  1879;  Beak,  Proo.  XT.  8.  Kat. 
Mna.  1880,  81;  GooDE.  Nat.  Hist.  Aquatic  Animal  a,  256,  pL  71,  1884.  and  of  miters; 
not  Trigla  ewtam.  Lunches. 

84M.  PBIOXUTUS  ETOLATTS  (Linntena). 

(SOUTHKBN  StBU>BD  (iUBNABD.) 

Head  2};  depth  4f.  D.  X-12;  A.  11;  lateral  line  with  53  pores;  soft 
donal  high,  longest  ray  equaling  longest  spine,  2^  in  head;  caudal  3^  in 
length.  Body  and  bead  stouter  than  in  Prionotus  atrigatut ;  edge  of  pre- 
orbital  granular-serrate,  without  distinct  spine,  the  serne  about  12  in 
number  on  each  side ;  mouth  moderate ;  preoperoular  spine  with  a  smaller 
one  at  its  base;  scales  larger  than  in  PrionotHt  ttrigatnt,  8+1-1-21  in  a 
vertical  line  from  last  dorsal  spine  to  vent;  interorbital  space  more  deeply 
ooncuve,  its  width  in  adult  not  quite  length  of  eye;  first  dorsal  spine 
nearly  smooth ;  second  spine  3  in  head ;  pectorals  a  little  more  than  i  of 
the  body.  Color  iu  life,  olive  brown  above,  becoming  light  olive  on 
sides,  white  below ;  back  with  3  brown  cross  bars,  the  first  under  spinous 
dorsal,  the  second  under  first  third  of  second  dorsal,  the  third  onder  its 
end,  all  of  these  bars  extending  downward  and  forward  to  lateral  line, 
the  posterior  forming  a  brown  blotch  on  base  of  last  dorsal  rays ;  back 
and  sides  with  numerous  small  white  spots,  irregular  iu  shape  and  size; 
these  often  wanting;  a  lateral  line  running  in  a  narrow  brown  streak; 
distinct  broad  reddish-brown  streak  from  humeral  spine  backward  to 
opposite  end  of  anal;  traces  of  :i  narrow  streak  above  this;  branchios- 
tegal  menil)rane  yellowish  abo\'e;  a  dark -brown  streak  from  an<;lc  of 
luoutb  to  base  of  preopercular  spine;  opercle  dusky  brown  without, deep 
n-ddinh  brown  within;  caudal  with  a  light-brown  bar  at  base,  then  a 
broad  trauslufeut  bar,  the  terminal  J  orange  yellow,  narrowly  margined 
behind  with  white;  spinous  dorsal  dusky,  with  a  dillnse  black  blotch 
between  fourth  aud  sixth  riiys  above;  soft  dorsal  translucent  brownish, 
without  streaks  of  auy  kiud ;  anal  wine  color,  translucent  at  base  aud 
tip;  v(>ntral.><  light  reddish ;  pectorals  glaucous  green  within,  the  lower  rays 
reddish,  the  upper  white;  the  outer  side  dark  greenish  brown,  unbarreil, ' 
with  a  very  narrow  blue  margin  bobiud.  This  form  is  iu  some  respects 
interniediat«  between  I'riiniotiig  »ingatu»  and  P.  tribulus.  The  color  is 
in  most  particulars  like  that  of  /'.  irihuliig,  but  the  white  spots  on  bai-k 
and  sides  are  much  less  nunierou.'t,  or  wholly  wanting,  and  the  brown  bar 
backward  from  humeral  s]>ine  is  pre.seut,  as  iu  P.  »trigaUi»,  and  the  dorsal 
tin  Im  not  barred;  the  gill  rakers  are,  as  iu  P.sirigatua,  slender  aud  fine,  18 
to  20  developed  on  lower  limb ;  the  spines  on  the  head  are  not  strong  as  in 
/'.  trihulus,  that  above  orbit  bchinil  not  conspicuously  raised  above  surface 
of  head.  In  2  specimens  from  Beaufort,  North  Carolina,  the  pectorals 
are  much  lengthened,  reaching  nearly  to  base  of  caudal,  but  this  seems 
to  lie  here,  as  in  /'.  IribitUit,  a  very  variable  feature,  as  specimens  from 


ChazIiMtton  liave  the  pectorals  but  i  length  of  Ixxly.  The  description  of 
Trif/la  erolant  given  by  Linu^vOA  ia  of  very  little  value,  hut  tbo  rodeHcrip- 
tion  of  the  type  given  by  Dr.  Bean  leaves  little  ilmibt  that  it  is  tbin 
gpeciea.  In  this  apociea  tlie  giJI  rAkora  aro  lon^'T  than  in  any  i»tl]er  except 
its  jinalonae,  P.  ulrifiatiit.  Here  ile.scrilH'il  from  specimens  from  Cbarkiston 
and  Itoaiifort,  8oiith  Atlantic  coast  of  United  States;  known  imly  from 
North  »nd  South  C'uroliua,  where  it  in  locally  abuadiint.  [evolant,  tiyiug 
oat,; 

Trigla  evolaM,  LiNNiSnB,  Sjat.  Nat.,  Ed.  xil,  408,  ITGC,  CaroUnk  (Coll.  Dr.  Alex.  Garden) ; 
Bt^A.v,  Proc.  IT.  S.  Nat.  Una.  1885, 201 ;  deflvripUoD  of  Linna'an  type. 

Prionotvt  tarritur,  Jordan  i  Giuianx,  Prw:.  r.  8-  N»t,  Mua.  18«3, 615,  Charleston ;  Beau- 
fort (Coll.  Jordan  &.  Gilbert) ;  JoanxN  &  OtLBBBT,  Synopila,  Vli,  1883;  JoBOAK  & 
SwAtN,  I'roi).  V.  a  Nat.  Mua.  1884,  Ml. 

Pritmotui  icolattf,  Oii-l,  Cat.  f iah.  Eaiit  Coaat  X.  Am., 21,  ]373|  Jordan  &  U11.BIRT,  Proe. 
U.  S.  Nat.  Mua.  1970.  374 ;  Jr>BDA]<  &  GILBERT,  Synniwls,  735, 1««3 -  JoRUAM,  Cat.  Fiah. 
N.  .\ui.,  113, 1885;  JoBUAN,  Froo.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1884.  Ml;  JoaiiAA  &  HDOUS8, Froc. 
tT.aNaUUaa.l88e.33e. 


8407.  PRIONOTrS  PlWClJlTrS  (Blooh). 

Hea<l  2i;  depth  2 J;  eye  6  in  boml.  D.  X-12;  A.  12;  nbout  50  pores  in 
lateral  line.  Body  stmit;  heud  larnc ;  preoperonlar  »pii)i<  with  .t  Hniuller 
one  at  it«  base;  pectorals  reuchini,' jmat  middle  of  nnal,  their  length  not 
tpiite  i  the  body;  gitl  rukt^rM  lutber  long  and  aleuder.  about  10  devel- 
opeil;  iu:txillary  3|  iti  head;  ;i  blimtisb  spiui'  on  edge  of  Huout  beliiud  the 
serrii*;  beliind  tbi^  1  or  2  Hiiialler  ones,  ;it  least  in  the  yunng;  no  spine  nu 
cheek  bone;  groove  behind  thn  eye  t'videut;  iiiterorbitikl  firen  nUher  nar- 
row, coucovo;  pieo<nl;ir,  supniocnlar.  oceipital  and  nncliiil  spines  rather 
prumineut;  dursiil  spiuBH  high,  the  third  2^  in  hciid;  lirst  spine  nut  t«cr- 
rate;  month  large,  inaxilbiry  2^  tu  'Ji  in  head,  and  reat'liiiig  uourly  to  the 
eye;  aamall  spine  on  center  of  radiation  tif  cheek  aixl  1  before  it.  Color 
ni'Srty  plain;  8|iinons  rltirsul  with  dark  elonda  and  without  blaek  ocelli; 
pectoral  dark,  with  !<ouie  round  brown  spots  above;  cunditl  diirk  barred; 
a  whitish  urea  on  back  hetwuen  dorsals.  Our  deBcriptinn  is  taken  from  2 
small  apot-iinens  eolleeted  (probably  at  Tnxpan)  on  the  east  coast  of  Mex- 
ico, by  Mr.  T.  .Salt;  from  the  speeiinens  in  the  mneeuin  at  I'aris,  the  types 
of  Cuvier  and  ValeDciennes,  and  from  a  epcuinieu  taken  by  tbo  Alluitroti 
at  llahi:i.  This  ajiecies  is  eertaiiily  the  I'rionoluH  punclatua  of  ("uvier  and 
V'tileuciennee,  but  it  may  not  be  the  speeies  lignrcd  by  I'luinieT,  to  which 
Blonh  baa  given  the  name  of  Trigla  putH'tata.  The  fignro  of  Plnmier 
showa  u  brigbt-ied  body,  with  many  small  spots  of  a  darker  red,  while 
red  apotn  are  Bc.ittercd  over  all  of  the  fins,  exeept  the  spiiionH  ilorsal  and 
the  veiitr^ils.  In  general  form  and  in  the  armature  of  the  head,  so  far  n« 
this  ia  shown  in  the  plate,  I'lnnder's  fignre  most  resembles  the  present 
species,  but  the  rerl  color  anKKests  a  possibility  that  houji'  of  th«  deep- 
water  speetes  may  have  been  intmnled.  The  present  speeies  eorrosponda 
better  to  the  lignre  than  any  other  yet  known.  Hloeh's  tisiuenf  Tri'jia 
oarolinn,  which  has  been  idontitied  with  P.  piinctalai,  is  almost  certainly 
P.  tribnliii.  West  Indies  and  coast  of  Sonth  An>erioa;  not  known  from 
the  ootusta  of  the  United  >States.  ipunclaiut,  spotted.) 
3030 6a 


2170  Bulletin  4.'],  United  States  National  Museum. 


Trigla  punttata,  BlocH,  Ichthyol., pi- 363, 1703,  Martinique;  on  s  drawing  1>y  Pi.uiaKB ; 
Cdvibb,  Rdgne  Animal,  Ed.  2,  vol  u,  161, 1829. 

Prionotut  punetatui,Cvm.%  &  Valkkcibx»es,  Hlat.  Nat.  Poi««.,  *  ir,  93, 1828;  GCkthkb, 
Cat.,  II,  103, 1860  ( in  part) ;  .ToBDAN  &  Huanss,  Proo.  TT.  S.  Nat.  Una.  1886, 332 ;  Joroav, 
Proc  U.  S.  Nat.  Maa.  1886, 641 ;  Jobdam,  Proo.  TT.  S.  Nat  Mas.  1880, 328. 

8498.  PRI0N0TC8  BEANII,  Goode. 

Head  3 ;  depth  nearly  4 ;  greatest  width  4 ;  eye  nearly  4  in  head  or  2  in 
snout.  D.X-12;  A.  I,  10;  P.  13+3;  V.I, 5;  snont  2  in  head,  equal  to 
mandible.  Least  height  of  tail  nearly  \  length  of  head,  and  equal  to  short 
diameter  of  eye;  width  of  interorbital  space  on  the  bone  about  ^  length 
of  snout;  a  furrow  behind  eyes  which  is  interrupted  on  nape;  snoot  pro- 
duced into  2  short,  obtuse,  serrated  points,  flanked  behind  on  each  side  by 
a  short  but  stout  compressed  spine;  behind  this  on  snoot  another  short 
spine ;  a  short  spine  on  cheek  bone ;  anterior  nostril  in  a  tube  which  is 
produced  posteriorly  into  a  flap;  posterior  nostril  in  a  lar^,  shorter  to  be; 
preopercnlar  spine,  also,  with  a  short  spine  at  its  base;  preocular  and 
supraocular  spines  present;  a  pair  of  postocnlar  spines  on  each  side,  one 
in  front  of  the  other;  a  pair  of  blunt  spines  on  occiput  and  another  on 
napo ;  length  of  opercular  spine,  measured  back  to  the  edge  of  preopercle, 
equal  to  length  of  postorbital  part  of  head ;  humeral  spine  well  developed, 
its  length  nearly  equal  to  that  of  preocular;  maxillary  not  reaching  front 
of  eye,  its  length  equal  to  postorbital  part  of  head;  mandible  reaching 
about  to  vertical  front  of  eye,  its  length  nearly  \  length  of  head.  Teeth 
in  narrow,  villiform  bands  in  jaws  and  on  Tomer  and  palate;  8  developed 
gill  rakers  on  the  anterior  arch,  the  longest  about  ^  ns  long  as  eye ;  5  rudi- 
ments below  and  2  above  the  developed  rakers  of  the  anterior  arch,  these 
mcrn  tubercles  scarcely  raised  above  the  general  surface.  Distance  of 
dorsal  from  tip  uf  snout  a  little  greater  than  length  of  bead;  length  of 
base  of  spinous  dorsal  nearly  3  times  length  of  eye;  first  spine  serrate  on 
its  anterior  margin  for  tbe  greater  portion  of  itn  height,  nearly  as  long  as 
the  second,  its  length  *  length  of  head;  tbird  spine  longest,  its  length  4 
length  of  head ;  last  2  spines  very  small ;  third  spine  also  serrated  along 
its  anterior  margin  for  the  greater  portion  of  its  height;  a  very  slight 
interspace  between  tbe  2  dorsals;  length  of  first  ray  of  soft  dorsal  equal 
to  that  of  second  spine  of  dorsal ;  length  of  Last  ray  equal  to  \  length  of 
spinous  dorsal  bjise;  length  of  middle  caudal  rays  3  times  length  of  eye; 
caiidal  slightly  eniarginate;  origin  of  anal  immediately  under  origin  of 
soft  dorsal;  length  of  anal  base  4  distaure  from  anal  to  tip  of  snout,  the 
8])ine  only  about  ^  as  long  as  first  ray,  its  length  \  length  of  maxilla; 
length  of  longest  anal  ray  -J  length  of  spinous  dorsal  base;  ventral  extend- 
ing to  origin  of  anal,  its  length  ei]ual  to  anal  base;  ]>ectoral  when 
extended  reaching  to  the  lino  connecting  the  fifth  ray  of  dorsal  with  sixth 
ray  of  an:il,  this  fin  eni.irginate  behind,  its  longest  ray  slightly  longer  than 


*  The  types  of  Cnvior  &  Valencionnes  in  Taris  aeera  t«  be  tbe  gperfes  ngtially  calle<l 
Prionntus  jiunctatia.  There  id  also  a  specimen  in  the  mugeiim,  labeled,  appare"utly  in 
the  handwrilin;;  of  Valenciennes;  ■'  Triiila  puiietala  noMH,Ti\..25'i.  Tr.earnUna.  Bl  .  2S2. 
l'rion'itu»  eeolaii.1,  Lact-p.  Ilubio  volador,  Parr:i.  tab.  M,  dii  Breall.  Onoy  at  (Satmard,  exp'n 
Kreyciuet."  This  Hpecinien.  0.26  m.  lonf;.  in  goml  condition,  is  of  tno  same  species  as  the 
one  described  above.    Longest  dorsal  Hpiae  2i  iu  bead.    Pores  in  lateral  hne  85  to  90. 


Jordan  atid  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America. 

Tlio  rnllowing  noteii  on  tho  typfs  of  VrionoUt^  linrreng  wt-re  takeu  J>y  lis 
in  London:  Thrtie  yuiiu^  Dpecimeii,  allie^l  to  /'.  irilndiis,  but  tlie  M]iini>8 
still  larger  and  nioio  knife-like;  first  »piiic  on  etljie  of  suoiit  brosicl  iiu<l 
Bprrntp,  3  Ijehind  thin  progressively  larjjiT,  then  1!  Ifirjjo  Hpinoa  on  prco- 
p«rcle,  tho  posterior  one  ihi:  largest;  2  em.aller  mies  on  npercle,  and  1 
very  large  on  tlio  Mcapula;  2  slurp  ones  «ver  racli  eye;  1  lii-liind  llii>  eye; 
2  nil  trip  (if  head  and  2  tin  occiput.  Month  large,  nuixillary  reacliiug  front 
of  eye,  2i  in  ln'iid;  gill  rakers  long  and  Blender,  S;  scales  siiifill;  pec- 
torals abort,  3  in  body,  reneliing  somewhat  pnxt  Berciutl  dorsal  front; 
peetorals  and  tip  of  fandiil  dusky;  no  groove  behind  tbe  eye;  belt  of 
palatine  teeth  nurrovv.  {horrrii»,  bristling  (creiiting  horror),  from  the 
largo  head  apinos. ) 

Prionohu  horrmt,  RicHAKDtON,  Voy.  .Sulpli.,  Ii<lith.,Tll,  ]>1. 42,  fi^x.  1-.1, 1943,  QutfofFon- 
■eca;  UCirrnKB,  Cat.,  ii,  IBS,  1800. 

793.  BELLATOR,  .Jordan  &  Evermann. 

BfUatAr.  JoBDA!)  &.  ErHBilAKK,  Chock-Li«t  FUliM,  4B8,  ISM  {mUitarit). 

This  genus  is  rlosely  allied  to  PnonnMt,  differing  chieliy  in  the  ^eat 
development  of  the  firs)  and  second  dorcal  gpinox,  whieh  are  Jibnnt  us  long 
Its  body.  .ScftluH  large  and  very  rough.  Snout  short,  abruptly  descwiding. 
West  Indies,     (hellator,  warrior.) 

a.  Body  roliuiit;  Bonlfx  largu,  40  ltilH»i;  unoiit  icitb  nerratnl  pmcnu.       mimtarib,  2501. 
na.  Body  ilecder;  acmlea  modemti',  OU  tiibea;  auuiiC  without  proceatua.    BOBETTA,  2503. 

SSOI.  BELLATOR  MILITARIS  (Goods  &  Bess). 

Head  3;  depth  3i;  eye  lOj,  =  interorhibil  width;  snont  2,8^.  D.X-11; 
A.  I,  9;  P.  12-f3;  V.I,  6.  Body  sbnrt,  stout,  itj*  grojttest  uidtb  at  biiao  of 
pectorulB  nearly  ^  of  length.  Head  Hhort,  Huoiit  abruptly  deseending  and 
with  2  ratlier  long  diverging  spinous  processes  at  its  tip.  Orbits  much 
elevated,  spinos  Iftrge,  and  jaws  small;  distance  measured  obliquely  from 
tip  of  rostral  spine  to  edge  of  opcrcnlar  Hap  2\  in  length  ;  nt-arly  all  of  tho 
spines  of  head  and  exposed  edges  of  preorbital,  maudilile,  and  opercles 
minutely  serrate;  the  diverging  spini's  upon  snout  tberaselvrs armed  along 
margin  by  uumerou.s  Bpiniiles;  ii  strong  spiue  on  prcoperclu,  with  a  see- 
ondary  spine  at  itB  h.ise ;  the  spine  on  preoperelo  us  lung  as  snout;  a  stout 
spiue  on  opercubim,  another  iu  huuwral  regiun,  another  on  napo  extending 
baekwanl  to  base  of  fourth  doraa)  spine.  Teeth  in  jaws,  and  on  vomer 
and  palate,  very  small,  in  villiform  bands.  Length  of  maxillary  n  little 
greater  thau  that  of  eye;  length  of  inundtble  a  little  less  than  that  of 
Buont,  reaeliing  about  to  the  vertical  from  front  of  eye;  a  fuirow  across 
nape  immediately  behind  eyes;  9  deTelojied  gill  rakers  on  the  anterior 
archj  besides  several  rudiments;  allof  the  gill  rakers  very  short.  Pseudo- 
brnnchia' present.  Hranchiostcgals  7.  IMstauceof  dorsal  from  tip  of  snout 
24  in  body;  first  2  dorsal  spines  niucli  produced;  length  of  first  almost 
equal  to  standard  length;  length  of  second  slightly  greater  than  that  of 
first;    the  short  spina  about  twice  as  long  as  maudiblc;    when  the  dorsal 


m 


2172         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 


bandH,  the  3  median  broadest  and  forked  or  Y-shaped  above;  upper  edg^ 
of  pectoral  palo;  pectoral  appendages  reddish,  barred  with  darker. 
Young  with  soft  dorsal,  caudal,  anal  and  ventral  fins  plain ;  spines  pro- 
portionally longer  and  fins  shorter.  South  Atlantic  roast,  £rom  Long 
Island  to  Brazos  Santiago;  very  common  southward;  our  description 
chiefly  from  Galveston  specimens,  verified  on  others  from  Pensacola, 
Cedar  Keys,  Charleston,  and  Beaufort.  A  very  abundant  species,  well  dis- 
tinguiHhed  from  the  others  of  the  Atlantic  by  the  greater  development  of 
the  spines  of  the  head.  The  young  have  these  spines  much  larger  and 
more  compressed  than  the  adult,  and  in  the  very  young  3  or  4  strong 
knife-like  spines  are  developed  on  each  side  of  the  snout,  as  in  P.  horrene. 
In  very  young  examplen  the  spine  at  the  base  of  the  pn-opercular  spine  is 
Uineh  larger  than  the  latter,     {trihulus,  scraping,  from  the  thorny  head.) 

Trigla  earoUna,  Bloch,  Ichtliyologia,  352,  1793,  Carolina ;  not  of  Lixnj;u!1. 

Trigla  tribulu;  CuviEB,  Rigne  Ammo],  Ed.  2,  voL  2, 161, 1829,  America. 

PHonotu*  tribulu;  Cdtieb  &  Valencuinmes,  Hist.  Kat.  PoUs.,  iv,  98,  pi.  74,  1828,  New 
York;  Carolina;  Oe  Kay,  Xetr  York  Fauna :  Fishes,  48,  1843;  GCliTRKii,  Cat.,  11,105, 
1860;  JoBDAM  &  UlLBEBT,  Froc.  U.  S.  NatMus.  1878,  373  and  374;  GoODB,  Proc-TJ.  S. 
Nat.  Hns.  1879,  111;  OoooE  tc  Bean,  Proc.  r.S.Nat.Mns.  1879,  128;  Jobdah  St.  On.- 
BEBT,  Ptoo.  U.  S.  Nat.  Has.  1882,  288 ;  Jobuan  &  Giuiebt,  Pt«c  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1882, 
616;  JOBDAN  &.  GiLBBBT,  Synopsis,  735,  1883;  Beak,  Cat.  Fishes,  London  Intern. 
Exhibit.,  49,  1883;  Jobdan  &  SwAUt,  Proo.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mas.  1884,  233;  JoBDAH,  Cat. 
Fish. N. A.,  115, 1885;  Jobdan  &.  Huohes, Proc. U.S. Nat. Has.  1886, 366. 

8S00.  PHIOXOTDS  H0BBEN8.  Riohardson. 

Head2i(;  depth  4^;  eye5i  in  head.  D.  X-12;  A.  10;  scalea  about  100; 
gill  rakers  rather  loug,  about  5  developed.  Body  rather  stout ;  head  large ; 
interorbital  area  concave,  1^  times  diameter  of  the  eye;  boues  of  the  head 
with  strong,  radiating  striie;  a  preocular  and  2  postocular  spines;  occipi- 
tal and  temporal  ridges  not  V(!ry  promineut,  each  endiug  in  a  spine; 
opercular  and  humeral  spiucs  simple;  preo])ercular  spine  with  a  smaller 
one  at  its  base;  uiicbal  spine  present;  snout  emarginate,  its  lobes  den- 
tate, its  length  Sj-  in  head;  cheek  with  spine  at  point  of  radiation  of 
striie;  a  similar  spino  about  i  distance  to  tip  of  suout;  first  dorsal  spine 
uearly  a.s  long  as  second,  its  edge  nearly  smooth ;  the  second  the  longest, 
its  length  2  in  head ;  edge  of  first  dorsal  ray  smooth ;  longest  dorsal  ray 
2J  in  head ;  longest  anal  ray  3i  in  head ;  caudal  fin  emarginate,  1 J  in  head ; 
pectorals  rather  short,  their  tips  reaching  about  third  anal  ray,  3  in  length 
of  the  body ;  veutrals  not  reaching  anal  by  a  distance  equal  to  the  diam- 
et<4r  of  the  eye,  3J  in  length  of  body.  Color,  uniform  brownish  above, 
lighter  below ;  8i>inou8  dorsal  dusky ;  no  distinct  black  blotch ;  soft  dorsal 
and  caudal  fins  irregul.arly  barred;  ventrals  and  au.il  white;  pectoral 
dusky  on  basal  third,  the  rest  of  the  fin  lighter,  with  an  interrupted  broad 
black  transverse  b.and  across  middle,  a  narrower  one  across  the  tip. 
Pacific  coast  of  tropical  America;  not  rare  in  shallow  water;  known  from 
Mazatlan  to  the  (ialapagos.  The  specimens  here  described  from  Mazatlan 
and  AlhatrosB  Station  3041,  off  Lower  California.  Yonug  examples  in  the 
British  Museum  are  almost  exactly  like  the  young  of  P.  tribulua,  difter- 
ing  chiefly  in  the  still  larger  proportionate  size  of  the  knife-like  spines 
on  the  head. 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2173 


The  following  notes  on  tho  typi-s  of  f'rionolut  horrent  were  taken  l>y  ub 
in  London:  Three  yotiUiJ  siieeimen,  aIIIimI  to  /'.  tritnilutt,  but  the  Hjiini'8 
Htiil  larger  iiml  luore  knife-Iikc;  lirst  npine  nn  eilKe  of  auont  broad  anil 
Hprrato,  3  behind  thi*  progresgivoly  largir,  then  2  livrgi'  npines  <iii  preo- 
percle,  the  pootertor  one  fliu  largest;  2  ainaller  onus  on  npercl«,  and  1 
very  large  on  tho  oeapula;  2  shiirp  odoh  over  eiieh  eye;  1  bcliind  tin*  eye; 
2  on  top  of  Lead  and  2  ou  o«'ci[int.  Month  large,  niiisillary  rear-liing  front 
of  eye,  21  in  bt-iid;  ffill  rakrrs  long  and  alendiT,  5;  scales  fonall;  p<»c- 
tor:il8  »liort,  3  in  body,  r<'ai-hiiig  aoniewhat  pa>>t  secdtui  dtirsiil  front; 
pectorals  and  tip  of  eiiudnl  diiKky;  no  proove  behind  the  eye;  belt  of 
pnlaiine  teeth  narrow.  {)iomn>,  bristling  (creating  horror),  frnm  iLn 
large  hoiul  HpinoH.) 

I'rinnntiig  korrmt,  RirnARnsoN,  Voy.  Snip)).,  Ie)itli.,7n,  Til-42,  flga.  1-3, 1843,  QulforPon- 
ttca.;  (irNrnKBiCat.,  u,  105.  IMU. 

793.  BELLATOR,  Jordan  &  Evermann. 

BeUaior,  JORDAN  ii.  KvKUSLkmt,  Cbeck-LUt  FUhcw,  488,  18M  (mUitaritt. 

Tbia  genus  in  closely  allied  to  PrionoM»,  diflfering  chieRy  in  tlie  great 
development  of  the  lirnt  and  second  ilorHal  spinoM,  wliieli  iiro  uhomt  ua  long 
iiH  body.  Scales  large  and  very  rongh.  Suoiit short,  abruptly  descend iug. 
West  IndtoB.     {bellator,  warrior.) 

n.  Body  rnbnHl :  kciiIch  Inrgn,  10  ttibeti;  tiioat  with  Mmtvd  proceM.       ktutabis,  SSOI. 
aa.  Body  elesdw  i  acales  moderate,  SO  tubes  i  iDont  witbont  pncaasea.   UaHXTTX,  2502. 

9801.  BKI.I.JITOB  NILITABIS  (Goods  &,  Beui). 

Head  3;  depth  3^;  eye  IO4,  =  interorbital  width;  snont  2^.  D.X-11; 
A.  I,  9;  P.  12-f3;  V.  1,5.  Body  short,  Htoiit,  its  greatest  widtli  at  base  of 
pectorals  nearly  ^  of  length.  Head  short,  Huont  abruptly  desceniling  and 
with  2  rather  long  diverging  Hpiuous  proceaecs  at  its  tip.  Orbits  uiiicb 
elevated,  spine*  large,  and  juwm  small;  di.stance  measured  obliquely  from 
tip  of  rostrnl  .spine  to  edge  of  op^jrtiilar  flap  2i  in  length;  nearly  all  of  the 
Bpiuea  of  head  and  exposed  ■■dgcs  of  ]>reorbital,  utaudiible,  and  operelea 
min  utely  jserratc :  the  dtrergingdpiue.><  npon  Biioiit  theni8t«lvi-B  armed  along 
margin  by  numeroas  spinnb-^;  a  strong  spine  on  preopercle,  witti  a  sec- 
ondary spine  at  it«  base;  the  spine  on  proopercb'  as  long  dm  snout;  astont 
apine  on  opercnlum,  annlLi'r  in  hiiuieriil  region,  another  on  napeesteniling 
backward  to  base  »f  fourth  dorsal  spine.  Teeth  in  jawa,  and  on  vomer 
and  palate,  vory  sitiall,  in  villiform  bandn.  Length  of  innxillnry  a  tittle 
greater  than  tliat  of  eye;  length  of  mandible  a  little  less  than  that  of 
snout,  reaching  about  to  the  vertii-al  from  front  of  eye;  a  furrow  across 
najie  iuuuediutcly  behind  eye.H;  9  developed  gill  rakers  on  the  anterior 
areh,  besides  several  riuliments;  all  of  the  gill  rakers  very  short.  Psendo- 
branchta'  prenent.  Uranchiostegals  7.  Distance  of  dorsal  from  tip  of  snout 
2i  in  body;  lirst  2  doranl  s]}ineB  uinch  proilnced;  length  of  first  oliuost 
oqnal  to  standard  length;  length  of  second  slightly  greater  than  that  of 
first;  tht)  short  spiuu  about  twice  aa  long  as  mandible;    when  the  dorsal 


2174         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum, 

spines  are  fully  extended  they  reach  nearly  to  tip  of  oandal;  anterior 
margins  of  first  3  spines  minutely  serrated,  the  serrations  being  in  several 
rows;  longest  ray  of  soft  dorsal  about  i  as  long  as  head ;  length  of  middle 
caudal  rays  equal  to  length  of  anal  base ;  candal  slightly  eroarginate ;  length 
of  pectoral  a  littlt;  less  than  2  in  body;  longest  separate  ray  of  pectoral 
about  1^  times  as  long  as  shortest,  its  length  equal  to  that  of  middle 
caudal  rays ;  length  of  ventral  spine  \  of  length  of  longest  ventral  ray ; 
ventral  when  extended  reaching  to  third  ray  of  anal;  longest  annl  ray 
abont  i  as  long  as  bead;  scales  very  rongli,  in  about  7  rows  between 
origin  of  second  dorsal  and  lateral  line,  and  19  rows  below  lateral  line ; 
lateral  lino  with  abont  40  tubes,  the  number  of  rows  of  scales  counted, 
obliquely  about  55.  Color  in  life,  rosy ;  head  and  pectoral  speckled  with 
dark  brown ;  6  or  7  small  dark  blotches  on  upper  edge  of  pectoral.  Some 
specimens  have  the  inner  surface  of  pectoral  dark  on  its  lower  half.  In 
1  specimen  the  dark  blotches  ou  pectoral  are  grouped  into  4  half  bands, 
of  which  tho  middle  2  are  very  small.  Off  Cape  Catoche,  Yucatan,  Gulf  of 
Mexico.    (Goode  &  Bean.)   {militarit,  like  a  soldier,  fi-om  the  high  spines.) 

Prionotu»  militarit.  Goods  &.  Bean,  Oceanic  Ichthyology,  4IM,  pi.  oxi,  &g.  380,  and  pi. 
cxil,  fig.  384, 189e,  off  Cape  Catoche,  Yucatan,  in  35  fathoms.    (Coll.  AlbatroM.) 

8502.  BELLATOR  EfiBGTTA  (Ooode  &.  Bean). 

Head  2};  depth  4^;  eye  S^  in  bead;  snout  2^;  interorbital  width  2  in 
eye.  D.XI-11;  A.  1. 10;  P.  12+3;  V.I,5;  gill  rakers  x+9;  maxillary 
nearly  3;  mandible  2^;  scales  9-100-32,60  tubes.  Body  rather  slender, 
tapering  rapidly  posteriorly;  head  moderately  long;  snout  not  descend- 
ing so  abruptly  as  in  P.  milHaru,  without  projections  in  front.  Spines 
of  head  moderately  strung,  without  subsidiary  basal  spines ;  opercular 
and  preopercular  spines  about  equal  in  length,  2  in  snout;  exposed  edge« 
of  bones  of  head  minutely  serrated,  teeth  at  end  of  snout  slightly 
enlarged;  humeral  spine  small;  nuchal  H|>ines  not  well  developed;  1  or  2 
spines  at  front  of  supraorbital,  and  2  or  3  at  its  posterior  portion.  Teeth 
in  villiform  bands  on  jaws,  and  on  vomer  and  palatines,  the  vomerine 
band  very  narrow.  A  slight  groove  across  the  nape  immediately  behind 
eyes,  continued  downward  by  an  interspace  between  the  preopercle  and 
opercle.  Distance  from  tip  of  snout  to  origin  of  dorsal  equal  to  length  of 
head;  base  of  spinous  dorsal  etjual  to  length  of  he.id  without  snout;  first 
dorsal  siiine  coarsely  serrated  for  first  sixth  of  its  length,  produced  into  a 
filament  exti-mliiig  beyond  end  of  c.indal,  tho  spine  thus  exceeding  length 
of  fish ;  second  spine  nearly  as  long  as  base  of  fin,  the  last  3  small;  several 
succeeding  spines  also  weakly  serrated  on  their  anterior  nutrgins;  first  ray 
of  second  dorsal  serrated  ou  anterior  margin,  the  rays  increasing  in  size 
to  the  ninth  which  is  nearly  i  length  of  head ;  caudal  somewhat  emargi- 
nate,  length  of  middle  rays  a  trifle  longer  than  base  of  spinous  dorsal; 
origin  of  anal  almost  directly  opposite  that  of  second  dorsal;  length  of 
anal  spine  about  J  that  of  first  ray,  the  rays  increasing  in  length  posteri- 
orly, the  ninth  being  2  in  base  of  serond  dorsal ;  longest  separate  pectoral 
ray  as  long  as  base  of  second  dorsal,  the  shortest  2  in  head;  vontrals 
reaching  origin  of  anul.    Color  light  brownish  yellow  on  back,  paler 


Jordan  and  Evermann, — Fishes  of  North  America.     2175 


beafatb;  ftus,  except  per.toral  iiuil  retitrs],  pule;  pectoral  with  5  dark 
banda,  the  third  <-xtondiiig  entirely  acrons  the  fin.  Known  only  friiiu  the 
type  tiiken  oft'  ilftihiulos  bt'iweeii  KX)  !in<l  200  fatboma.  (nj^tUa,  an  efn"et, 
in  iiUiisiou  to  the  elongiitt^  dorsal  ray,  resetnliling  the  plume  of  an  egrut.) 

TrimKoHi*  rgrrtla.  OociIiB  A;  BEAN.  OcAuiic  Ichtfa.,  405,  fig.  381, 18IM,  off  Barbados,  at  Blake 
Station  64.    (Typo  lii  MtM.  Cump.  Zool.) 

794.  CHELIDONICHTHYS.  Kanpi 

(SMAt.L-9CAt.Kn  GURNAHDS.) 

ChflMonitfithtii,  Kxrp,  ArchW  f.  N«tiirgf->clilcht«  1873,  87  (Ai'ru»do>, 

Thi.s  genua  diflVrs  from  Prionotun  cliielly  in  the  absence  of  paliitine  tppth. 
The  scnles  nru  much  amuller,  tnid  the  pe(!toritl  Cints  \i>sa  developed;  a  series 
of  bony,  Bpinona  platest  extends  alnn;;  the  base  af  tho  doraul  liii,  a  pair  of 
tbRit]  l4i  each  ray,  the  tin  thus  niuiiinfr  |u  a  ftb:il]ow  groove;  there  uro  uo 
plntcN  idong  the  lateral  line;  candnl  (in  itBiially  vniarginate.  Lateml  line 
aanally  forking  at  buse  of  catidnl,  the  branches  running  tu  tip  of  tin. 
TL(»  nuineron.>(  itpeuics  abound  on  the  coast*  of  Eiiriip»j,  Africa,  and  India; 
ranging  north  to  Japan.    {xtXtSaty,  swallow;  ilfiv^,  fiah.) 

860».  €HBUDOXICHTRTS  PICTIPWJnS  (Kanp). 

The  following  di-Boriptinn"  \n  taken  fioin  Dr.  Kau|i'a  orifrlnal  ty]iA, 
kindly  weiit  us  from  the  niiiu»uui  in  Humburg  by  Dr.  (ieorg  ITrnter, 
Cnrator: 

Ilend  3i  (to  tip  of  roatral  loho);  depth  SJ.  D.  IX-IC;  A.  15;  jiec- 
toral  IO-|-:i  detached  r.iya;  .'<c-alt3»  iiboiit  68.  WiiUh  of  h(>ad  1{J  iu  Its 
length:  width  of  ntipr  between  ocoijiital  ttpinea  3^  iu  Uviigth  of  bead; 
npper  profile  of  Honnt  straight.  Snout  long,  a  little  raorc  tb.an  twire  in 
ht'ad;  euiargiiiate  at  lip,  the  preorhitala  extending  beyoml  it  on  cither 
side;  uacli  ]iri!iirbital  with  about  5  Wnnt  8])ineN.  Month  very  wide,  it« 
greateMt  width  (niensured  inhide)  '1\  in  Lfiid  ;  uiaxillary  reaf^liing  front  of 
orbit,  2f  in  hi'ftd.  Vomerine  teeth  present  in  a  sniall  rresppnt-Bhaped 
patch,  villiform;  no  teeth  on  piilatincx;  a  wide  band  of  well-develnpcd 
villlforni  toetbi  jiresent  on  each  jaw.  Eye  large,  4^  in  head.  Inti-rnrbiUiI 
apace  <lceply  concave,  lij  in  eye.  Di-pth  of  lanilal  pediincie  IJ  in  «»ye. 
Gill  rakerx  9,  about  2i  in  eye.  Bonen  of  the  hi^ad  coveri'd  with  radiating 
Ktriji-  which  are  comparatively  tine.  «niooth  and  regular;  iireopcrrle  with 
2  B|dnos  at  the  angle,  the  upper  uiiK'h  thi>  larger;  open.le  ending  in 
2  Apini'M^  humernl  spine  long  nnd  atruiig;  Nupraorbitstl  rim  anteriorly 
with  2  H|)ini-H;  a.  bony  groove  i'\tetidiug  tln'  entire  length  of  thu  dor- 
sals, formed  by  24  plates,  earb  of  wJiich  tntis  on  the  side  in  a  spine;  a 
short,  somewhat  obscare  transverse  groove  behind  cafb  eye,  thu  two  not 
continued  atross  the  oceiptit.     Sealea  amaU,  cycloid,  present  on  back, 


•  Dr.  Pfl»(*p  Bonds  the  I'ollowtnc  not*  under  <l«t<»  of  JaDunry  2,  IWtfl: 
"  I'lia  Kttii|i  ncbci  OrJeinal  Sliii'k  vnn  Triijln  tneliyitmit  war  In  iioMTen  Katalonr  niebt 
enthaltcu ;  i^int  4hiT''h  litiiKere  Stutlft'-n  tni  Arclitr  rrpiil)  rtirh,  dana  dnH  Stuck,  welclira  [ch 
Ibnnn  niiniiiftlir  ilbrraatidt  hAb«^thiitK&(>hllcli  <)•!<  Dnclnal-StUok  ron  Eaup  tot;  es stand 
Im  VLat^am  aU  Trigla  hinmdo,  BarbadoH,  Vg.  Ebrliardt." 


2176         Bulletin  4.7,  United  States  National  Museum. 


sides,  and  bolly ;  none  on  fins  excepting  on  caudal,  on  which  they  extend 
nearly  to  tip;  those  in  lateral  line  elongate,  enlarged.  Pelvic  bone  dia- 
moud-shaped,  not  scaled,  If  in  head,  its  width  twice  in  its  length; 
region  of  axil  of  ventrals  and  pectorals  naked.  Base  of  spinous  dorsal  \\ 
in  head,  third  npine  If  in  huad,  all  the  spines  smooth ;  base  of  soft  dor- 
sal l\  times  as  long  as  head,  longest  soft  ray  2\  In  head ;  base  of  anal 
slightly  greater  than  bead;  pectoral  reaching  about  to  seventh  anal  ray, 
2^  in  body;  the  upper  detaclied  pectoral  ray  the  longest,  li  in  head,  mid- 
dle detached  ray  1^  in  upper,  lower  1^  in  middle;  ventrals  reaching 
origin  of  anal,  1^  in  head.  Color  (in  spirits) :  back  and  upper  half  of 
sides  reddish  brown;  lower  portion  of  sides  golden  silvery;  belly,  anal, 
base  of  pectorals,  and  base  of  ventrals  white ;  head  light  chocolate  brown ; 
dorsals,  caudal,  ventrals,  nnd  detached  rays  of  pectoral  translucent,  the 
membrane  of  pectorals  satin-like  and  very  dark  brown,  the  rays  white; 
6  or  7  conspicuous,  small  white  spots  on  the  inside  of  pectoral  on  its  lower 
half.  Type  13  inches  long,  in  the  museum  at  Hamburg,  said  to  have  been 
sent  from  Barbados.  This  specimen  agrees  perfectly  with  descriptions  of 
Chelidonichthys  kumu  (Lesson  &  Giimot)  fbrom  New  Zealand.  It  probably 
came  ftrom  the  South  Seas,  not  from  Barbados,  and  shonld  not  be  admit- 
ted in  this  work.  Chelidonichthys  apinoauB  McClelland,  of  which  we  have 
specimens  item  Japan,  although  closely  related,  is  a  different  species. 
The  following  is  the  snbstance  of  Dr.  Kanp's  account : 

Pectoral  reaching  seventh  or  eighth  anal  ray;  dorsal  spines  smooth, 
reddish  brown  above,  yellow  on  sides;  belly  white;  pectoral  colored  on 
the  inner  side  as  in  Trigla  peronii  and  in  Trigla  kumu  ("a  large  black 
blotch  and  white  spots  in  variable  number").  First  dorsal  uniformly 
colored ;  4  black  spots  along  median  line  of  back,  and  2  spots  on  side,  par- 
allel with  the  first  2  dorsal  spots ;  a  black  Hpot  before  the  first  dorsal  spine ; 
a  similar  spot  below  the  hinder  half  of  the  eye.  One  specimen  a  foot  long 
in  the  Hamburg  Musi'ura  from  Barbados.  (Kaup.) 
The  subgenus  Chelidonichthys  to  which  it  is  referred  is  thus  described : 
Proorbital  plate  of  the  steeply  truncate  snout  somewhat  prominent, 
with  blunt  teeth;  spines  of  preoperde  and  operele  short;  first  dorsal 
with  slender  spines,  the  uuterior  entirely  smooth  or  somewhat  rough; 
first  dorsal  with  9  or  10;  second  with  1  spine  and  16  soft  rays;  anal  with 
15  or  16  soft  rays;  scales  very  small;  lateral  line  somewhat  prominent, 
without  spines.  The  species  reach  a  length  of  8  inches  to  afoot  or  more. 
(pivliis,  painted;  pinna  fin.) 

Trigla  piclipinnu,  Kavp,  Archiv  fur  Katurgeschicbto  1873,  87,  Barbados  ?    (Coll.  Ehr- 
liardt.     Type.MuB.  Hamburg.) 

795.  TRIGLA  (Artcdi)  Linntens. 

(Mailed  Gurnards.) 

Trigla  (Artedi)  Liiw^ecs,  Syst.  Nat..  Ed.  x,  300, 1758  (eitctilui). 

This  genus  diflers  from  Chelidonichthys,  with  which  it  agrees  in  the  ab- 
sence of  palatine  teeth,  in  having  the  sides  of  the  body  armed  with  trans- 
verse bony  plates,  crossing  the  lateral  line.    Species  nomeroos;  very 


nhnndnnt  iu  the  Moditerranaan,  (rpiyXa,  TVigIa,  olaMical  nanio  of 
Mulius  barbatut,  stil'  lined  by  tbti  liMbcriueii  of  tliu  Adriutlc,  truusl'tirred  to 
tbia  group  by  Artedi  for  uo  vrideut  rcasun.) 

tHOi.  TBIOLA  CDCriiim,  Llnnifiu. 

(RXU  GtllKjUUX) 

Head3j[;  depth  oj.  V).  IX-17;  A.  lA;  platea  along  lateral  line 65;  eye 
5j|  in  head;  second  dontal  epino  1^;  pectornl  l^n!  anal  1\;  caudal  1^. 
Body  not  anywhere  eoiupreascd ;  beud  everywhere  covered  with  rnnjjh, 
boiiy  plutt's;  luuntb  tiKidentli:,  with  bantU  of  villifurtii  teeth  od  Jiiws  aud 
vomer;  maxillary  auarrely  reaching  to  fmut  iif  eye;  anoiit  trunout<<,  with 
2  or  3  HpincH  uu  eat-h  «ido;  oyeit  placed  high;  a  couple  i>f  opines  on  supra- 
orbital rim  above  anterior  edge  of  eye;  intororbitul  deeply  concave;  po«t- 
temporal,  with  it«  upper  surface  rugose,  ending  sia  a  spine  behind;  a  couple 
of  spinee  on  operrle  in  front  of  the  tlap:  a  spine  on  clavicle  jnat  above 
pectoral  fin;  a  series  of  long,  narrow  plates  along  lateral  line;  back  and 
aides  covered  with  small  scales,  belly  naked;  a  ridge  of  about  26  spines 
extentliug  along  bus«  of  dorsals,  ending  at  posterior  end  of  soft  dorsal; 
spinouH  (li>r8iil  triduguliir  iu  outline,  tho  second  spine  the  longest,  spines 
rapidly  decreasing  in  length  behind  it,  second  apino  reaching  to  soft 
dorsiil  when  depressed;  pectoral  l«ng  and  narrow,  reaching  t<i  fnuit  of 
anal;  ventraU  inserted  a  distance  of  ^  eye  behind  lower  end  of  base  of 
jiectoral,  reaching  nearly  to  tip  of  pectorals;  caudal  long  and  emarginate. 
Color  roae-reil  on  back,  white  below;  inner  face  of  pectoral  blackish,  the 
outer  face  slightly  dusky;  other  finx  dusky.  Southern  Eiin>i>e;  said  by 
Cnvier  to  have  been  once  brought  from  New  York  by  Milbert;  a  very 
doubtful  rw^ord-  No  r«scent  collector  h;i«  found  any  species  of  Trigla  in 
American  waters.  The  specimen  here  described  is  from  the  Paris  market. 
(ciioM?M4i,  cuckoo.) 

Trijfla  Iota  rubetm,  A XTKm, Genera  Pistlnm,  45, 1738. 
Tri-jta  r««iWiM,*  LlK.lJSCS.  Syst.  Mat..  Bd.  X,  301,  17M,  Mediterranean,  open  aea ;  after 

ABTKni. 
TrioUi  ;>ini,  Buicu,  Iclithyol.,  pi.  356,  li«3;  GOXTmii,  CM,,  U,  IM;  COVIEB  it  TalEX- 

I IKNKU.  illat.  Nul.  PuiiK..  IV.  M;  Ds  Kay,  Maw  York  Fniuia:  FistiM,  43,  pi. TO.  1843; 

DAT,  FIbIi.  Ut.Urlt.,  !*,im>. 


Family  CLXXXV,  PERISTEDIIDiE. 
(TltK  Deei'-water  Qorxakds.) 

Body  elongatA,  fhsiform,  covered  with  bony  platM,  each  of  which  la 
anufd  with  a  strong  spine;  hl^ad  bony;  each  preorbitnl  produced  Into  a 
long,  flat  proci'ss.  which  projects  more  or  less  beyond  the  month;  mouth 
suinll,  inferior,  like  that  of  a  sturgeon;  teeth  none;  lower  Jaw  provided 
with  barbels;  gill  membranes  separate,  narrowly  joined  to  the  isthmus 


■iVifyivTiMM  In'dHMiWfM,  MrrcBnx,  Tram.  Uu  and  Phil.  Soe.,  1. 44t.  181t,  Mew  York  <iio 

■tsscripMon).  raferrcd  by  Dr.  Guuther  to  tb«  Rynooyiny  of  Trtgla  tveviut,  \a  apparMitly 
bsiad  un  •  recoUcctioD  nf  sumo  apeciea  of  I'rionolui.    ft  is  certainly  not  a  Trigii. 


2178         Bulletin  47,  United  States  National  Museum. 

anteriorly;  gill  rakers  blender.  Dorsal  fin  continnouB  or  divided.  Pecto- 
ral tin  short,  with  the  2  lowermost  rays  detached.  Ventrals  1, 5,  separated 
by  a  broad,  flat  area.  Air  bladder  8iiu])le.  Pyloric  cieca  aboat  10.  Color 
generally  red.  Deep-sea  fishes;  2  or3^enera  and  aboat  13  species  known, 
bearing  some  resemblance  to  young  sturgeons. 

a.  Barbels  at  angle  of  month  In  large  taft«  of  fringes ;  dorsal  flna  2.    PERtSTGDloir,  796. 
aa.  Barbels  at  angle  of  mouth  minute,  suople  or  nearly  so;  dorsal  Una  2. 

VCUICULUS,  707- 

796.  PERISTEDION,  Lac^pMe. 

PeritUdion,  LACfeptDB,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  tn,  368,  1802  {malarnuU^eatapkraetum) . 
PeriiUtAru,  Kavv,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lend.  1859,  103  (eataphraetui) ;  amended  spelling. 

Barbels  large,  forming  large  fringed  tufts  at  angles  of  month  and  on 
lower  jaw.  Dorsal  fins  2;  characters  otherwise  inclnded  above,  {xepi, 
around;  Srtfiiov,  diminutive  of  drJ}9oi,  breast,  the  breast  being  mailed.) 

a.  Body  rather  robust,  the  depth  it  (<■  6  iQ  length  to  base  of  candal;  head  about  2}  tn 
length;  barbels  long. 
6.  Length  of  preorbital  extension  about  3|  in  snout ;  color  nnifonn  crimson. 

MINIATim,  2505. 

ib.  Iiength  of  preorbital  extension  2  in  snout;  color  red,  with  a  blacic  blotch  near 

tip  of  pectoral,  and  black  on  caudal.  lonoispathum,  2S06. 

oa.  Body  slender,  the  depth  6  to  6)  iu  length  to  base  of  caudal;  bead  3  to  3|;  barbels 

moderate;  fins  mottled  or  blotched. 

e.  Body  very  slender;  preorbital  process  2)  in  snout;  color  yellowish;  a  pearly 

lateral  band;  back  dotted;  fins  mottled.  okacilb,  2507. 

ee.  Body  much  depressed;  preorbital  process  3  in  snout;  color  red,  mottled  and 

blotched.  PLATyCBPHALCM,  2506. 

3606.  PESISTEDION  HIXUTUX.  Goode. 

Head  2i ;  depth  5.  D.  VII-18 ;  A.  17 ;  C.  16 ;  P.  10  +  2 ;  V.  1, 5 ;  plates  27  to 
29.  Armature  of  body  essentially  as  in  Prrutediou  breriroalre  ;*  spi  nes  of  ab- 
dominal plates  very  weak  posteriorly:  length  of  preorbital  process  3^  in 
distance  from  its  extremity  to  frout  of  orbit;  interorbital  space  deeply 
concave;  protuberance  ou  the  forehead  very  slight;  a  pair  of  spines  on 
upper  surface  of  snout  behind  base  of  preorbital  processes;  a  larger  pair 
on  preorbital  processes;  ridge  of  preoporele  ending  in  a  depressed,  short, 
sharp-pointed  H]>ine;  .about  10  small  tentacles  on  each  side  of  lower  jaw, 
those  near  the  8yni]>hysis  smallest.  Long  tentacles  at  angle  of  month 
fringed,  extending  to  bases  of  pectorals.  Length  12  inches.  Gulf  Stream, 
in  various  localitie.s,  at  a  depth  of  about  150  fathoms.  (Ooode.)  (mmiatuii, 
scarlet.) 

Ffrittedion  minialum,  GooDE,  Proc.  TI.  S.  Xat.  Mns.  1880,  349,  Gulf  Stream,  off  Rhode 
Island;  .Iordan  ikGiutERT,  Synopsis,  733, 1883:  OoouB  &  BEAM.  Ooeaniclchtbyology, 
470,  pl.CXni.(ig».38S,  385A,B,  1896. 

3.>06.  PERISTEDION  LONOISPATIirM,  Goode  &  Bean. 

D.  Vin-19;  A.  19.  Body  high  anteriorly,  its  greatest  height  4|  in  total 
length ;  length  of  head  without  prolongations  2^  in  total  length,  with  pro- 
longations 2.     Crown  of  head  flat,  separated  from  nuchal  plate  by  a  deep 


*  Soo  Gilnlhi.'r,  Cat.,  11, 218, 1880. 


fiirrow,  which  i«  convex  forward.  Ititcrorbital  Rpace  deeply  ponrave,  the 
sitprnnrbital  iiiarKiixi  being  swollen,  its  width  ei|imliiig  loag  diameter  of 
orbit.  No  protubpraiico  on  forehewi,  wliich  is  much  deprewsed,  lu  outline 
(1r«roDdiiig  abrnptly  and  rapidly  in  front  of  eyes;  i>  ridgo  but  no  8piuo 
beifienth  eye.  Lcu);th  of  enniit,  ini-liHliuf!  the  pri'orbititl  nslciiHion,  more 
than  *  Icuuth  of  head ;  preorbital  ••xtonsioii  <-i{iiaIin)r  1  length  of  snout;  the 
proccwes  flat,  ronndcd  anteriorly,  and  covered  with  minute  grannlo- 
tions;  they  diverge  oouf^ideraldy,  the  diKtance  of  the  tips  apart  beiiiK 
nearly  twice  that  at  their  basen;  a  ridge  arisee  at  base  of  prcorbital 
process  and  ext^ndft  to  iin(;lu  of  preoperonlnifl,  .'ind  it«  width  iit  the 
angle  is  i-initained  twico  in  diameter  of  orbit;  a  narrow,  JnconNpiiMiiinB, 
and  iiit*>rrnpfeid  riilge  Ik?1ow;  a  riclj^e  on  open'nlum,  ending  in  a  sharp 
Bpiue  at  tlii^  nnglo,  it,N  length  c<|ii!kl  to  dinniet<'r  of  eye.  .lawn  feeble,  tooth- 
h^tig;  lowiT  Jiiw  with  2  long,  mnch  fringed  barlwda  and  14  nhortt-r  ones; 
length  of  the  long  barbels  twiri'  diameter  of  the  eye;  maxillary  not 
rea<!hing  vertical  tbrongh  anterior  margin  4if  eye;  diameter  of  eye  4 
in  length  of  head  without  its  jirolongatiouB;  greatest  width  of  head 
over  preoperciilar  ridge,  3  In  total  length.  Dorsal  origin  directly  in  ii  line 
with  upper  angle  of  gill  opening;  longest  spine  slightly  longer  than 
width  of  interorbital  space;  anal  origin  under  that  of  second  dnraal; 
candal  aniall,  slightly  omnrginiite,  length  of  Us  middle  rays  1)  timf«  diani- 
et«r  of  eye;  vi^ntrals  slightly  lu  ndvaiwe  of  pectorals,  and  cxt«ndiDg  far- 
ther back,  ri'Dching  slightly  beyond  vent  and  to  vertical  through  seventh 
row  of  scales;  pectoral  short,  oxti'n«Ung  to  vertical  from  Hft.h  scale  of  the 
lateral  lino,  the  longest  detached  lay  to  the  sixth ;  2i» rown  of  scales.  Color 
in  life  bright  roseate;  a  black  blotch  near  tip  of  pectoral;  dorsal  with 
narrow  ilark  margin;  tip  of  caudal  black.  The  elongation  of  the  preor- 
bital  extension  in  noticeable  in  the  smallest  examples,  (fioode  iV  Ltean.) 
West  Indies,  oO  Cuba  and  l<nrbadr)«j.     {longu»,  long;  tpatha,  Mbeatb.) 

PrritHiflTim  Inngitjiatha,  (>o<niE  ii.  ItKAN.  Bull.  Mni>.  Camp.  Znol.,  XIT,  No.S,  IM,  IgflO,  off 
Santa  Crui.  in  314  fattiomi  (Cull.  Blake);  off  Barl>ados.  109  rathoma  (Coll.  Blake), 
and  «t  other  nationi  in  the  Oulf  of  Mexico  (Coll.  Hlbatron);  Gooos  &,  BbaK, 
OownJo  lobthyolog;,  473.  pL  oxiv,  fig.  380,  UM. 


iS07.  I'kRiJtTeiilOV  «R.iai.K,  Ooode&  Bmu. 

B.  7  or  8.  P.  VIII-2n:  A.  1, 18;  P.  II  -f-  2;  V.  I,  5.  Body  very  slender, 
its  greateat  height  nearly  Ji  of  length.  Length  of  heail  to  tip  of  the  pro- 
longed rostral  spine  48  mm.;  without  the  prolonKations  itn  length  is  30 
mm.  or  twice  tlic  un-atcst  height  of  tlie  body.  Int<>rnrbital  space  <leeply 
concave;  iutororbital  width  {  length  of  rtnout,  including  rostral  «tpine. 
Forehead  descending  gently  t^iward  snout,  the  supraorbital  crests  very 
little  aluv.sted.  The  rnstral  H|tine  on  vaoh  side  continued  backw.-ird  by  a 
sIiKht  Ixiny  rid^e  «itding  iu  a  blunt  spine  at  the  angle  of  preoperculuui. 
Opercular  xpiiie  small,  the  length  of  openulum  with  the  npino  being  about 
e<|ual  to  length  of  eye.  Length  of  snout  with  preorbitul  extennion  a  little 
IcHs  than  I  iu  botlv  ;  length  of  spine  alone  nearly  ei|iial  to  length  of 
mandible.  Jaws  feeble  and  toothless;  length  of  mnxillnry  \  length  of 
li«>ad,-  length  of  mandible  J  iongtb  of  snont  with  preorbitol  extonsion; 


2180  Bulletin  4.7,  United  States  National  Museum. 

mandible  with  2  gronpa  of  barbels,  1  on  each  aide  of  its  lower  edge ;  length 
of  longest  barbel  equaling  that  of  eye ;  barbels  sabdivided  into  several 
fringes,  the  nnmber  of  barbels  on  each  side  of  the  mandible  may  be 
divided  up  into  8  or  9  clusters;  mandible  extending  to  vertical  through 
fhint  of  eye ;  26  gill  rakers  on  first  arch,  the  longest  half  as  long  as  eye. 
Longitudinal  diameter  of  eye  nearly  equal  to  width  of  interorbital  8pac«; 
greatest  width  of  head  over  preorbital  ridge  \  length  of  snout  includ- 
ing the  preorbital  extension.  Spinous  dorsal  originating  directly  above 
end  of  the  opercular  flap ;  the  first  spine  slightly  the  longest,  its  length 
equaling  length  of  snonf  and  its  projecting  spine,  also  short  diameter  of 
eye;  longest  ray  of  second  dorsal  nearly  \  length  of  head;  least  height  of 
tail  \  length  of  eye.  Anal  origin  under  second  ray  of  soit  dorsal,  the  fin 
extending  as  far  back  as  the  dorsal,  the  length  of  its  base  being  4  times  the 
width  of  interorbital  area,  the  rays  about  as  long  as  those  of  second  dorsal ; 
length  of  middle  caudal  rays  }  length  of  eye,  the  fin  being  emarginate; 
ventral  base  under  pectoral  base,  the  fin  reaching  to  vent,  its  length 
twice  that  of  eye ;  pectoral  short,  reaching  to  below  eighth  s6nte  of  the 
lateral  line,  the  longest  detached  ray  reaching  to  below  the  ninth  scute 
of  the  lateral  line,  its  length  equaling  \  length  of  head ;  30  scutes  in  the 
lateralline.  Color  (of  alcoholicspecimen)  very lightyellow,  abroadpearly 
band  along  the  sides;  back  stippled  with  light  brownish;  pectorals  with 
dark  mottlings.  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Known  from  1  specimen,  5  inches  long. 
(Ooode  St.  Bean.)    (^ract/t*,  slender.) 

Periitedion  graeOe.  OOODB  &  Bkan,  Ocean  Ichthyology,  473,  pL  cxtv,  fig.  387,  I8BS,  Outf  of 
Mexico,  in  143  fathoms,  aSo  aS'  30"  N.,  85°  53'  30"  W.,  at  Albatross  Station  249. 

8608.  PERISTEDION  PLiTTCGPHALUK,  Goode  k.  Bean. 

D.  VIII-17;  A.  17.  Body  much  depressed,  its  greatest  height  6^  in  body 
length,  6t  in  total.  Length  of  head  without  prolongations,  twice  the 
height  of  body,  3t^  in  its  length,  with  prolongations  2^  in  body  length. 
Interorbital  space  deeply  concave,  the  supraorbital  margin  being  swollen, 
its  width  equal  to  the  long  diameter  of  the  eye.  No  protuberance  on  the 
forehead,  which  is  much  depresssd,  its  outline  descending  at)ruptly  and 
rapidly  in  front  of  the  eyes.  A  ridge  below  the  eye,  not  armed ;  a  small 
vertical  spine  behind  each  nostril.  Stout  spines  upon  the  operculum  and 
several  upon  the  vertex.  The  length  of  the  snout,  with  its  extensions,  is 
I  the  length  of  the  head,  its  processes  about  3  in  its  own  length.  The 
proresses  are  flat,  triangular,  diverging  slightly,  the  distance  apart  of 
their  tips  2  to  21-  that  at  their  bases.  A  ridge  extending  backward  from 
base  of  each  process  along  the  lower  edge  of  the  preopercnlum,  ending 
behind  in  a  sharp,  flat  spine;  the  greatest  width  of  the  expanded  portion, 
on  tbe  preoperoulnm,  only  i  as  wide  as  the  eye;  beneath  this  another 
less  conspicuous  ridge  with  minutely  serrated  edge,  which  is  double  in 
front  and  single  behind,  the  2  portions  separ.ited  by  a  slight  notch.  .Taws 
normal,  the  2  tentacles  much  fringed,  their  length  not  much  exceeding  the 
diameter  of  the  eye;  between  them,  and  placed  about  eiiuidistant  from 
each,  are  2  bunches  of  short  tentacles,  about  4  in  each.    Chin  withnumer- 


%rdan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2181 


oits  short  tentai-U-a,  some  of  tbem  us  lung  u»  tbo  eye,  arranged  for  the 
n)i>8t  part  in  bnuchcs  of  4.  Maxillary  not  reucliiug  anterior  margin  of 
orbit.  Diainetor  of  eye  nearly  4  iu  i^rciiteBt  ieuji{tb  of  bcM,  and  exiiotly 
1  of  tutal  Itun^tb  of  suuut.  (.tr<^at«8t  widtli  nf  bond,  over  tbo  prcopervu- 
lar  ridgeii,  neiirly  equal  to  its  own  leogtb  without  tb*-  proctwaes.  Dorsal 
nri);in  over  tbo  upper  angle  of  ^ill  opmiiug;  lungoitt  apin<' eqiiiil  to  that 
iif  postortiitul  portion  of  bead;  anal  origin  about  iimler  origin  of  8(M;aud 
dorsal,  a.  trillo  farther  b.ick,  and  in  tho  vertirnl  tbro\igh  the  spuoo  between 
the  Bfvcutb  UDd  eighth  lati-nil  Hcutcs;  the  tin  ubont  as  high  as  the  doriuU; 
rjiudal  HUiAll,  slightly  omarginatc,  with  tips  slightly  produced,  length  of 
middle  rays  txinal  to  that  of  dorsiil;  ventral  origin  in  adviuioi'  of  the  asil 
of  tho  pectorals,  tbo  tin  I'Xtending  slightly  liryimd  vent,  lint  not  qultf  to 
origin  of  anal,  its  lc<ngth  about  twice  length  of  dorsiil.  I'ectoral  rather 
long,  extending  to  ninth  scute  of  lat«-ral  lini'  and  past  verticitl  tbrongh 
origin  of  anal;  29  rows  of  scutes.  Color  rod;  body  iind  flns  mottled  and 
blot«bed  with  darker.  Known  from  2  spcoimi'-nH  taken  off  Uarbodos,  Wvst 
Indies.  Typo  irom  Blake  Stution  LX.  iu  123  fiithoois;  tbf  other  from 
288  fathoms.     (Gowlo  Jt  Bean.)    (nXarv^,  broad;  Ht^aXt),  bead.) 

Pcrittcdiou  pUUyetiihaluiK,  GooDIt  li  BkaN,  Bull.  Mii«.  Camp.  Ziml..  XII.  Ko.  5.  187,  188R, 
off  Barbados  in  113  fathomB  <Coll.  iho  lUalt*)  -.  GoODK  Jk.  Bbam,  Ooesnio  Icbthyolog;y, 
174,  pi.  CXJV,  Ug.  388.  A,  B,  UiW. 

797.  VULSICULUS,  .lordon  Al  Evonnonn. 

TuIfMuitM,  JORDAM  &  SvuuLU«y.  Cbsok  Lbt  FitbM,  489.  18M  (itttbrrbi). 

This  genus  ditlers  from  r^rinUdion  chieHy  iu  the  ri>dnction  of  thi>  barl^els 
on  the  lower  jaw  aud  the  angle  of  the  mouth.  These  are  uiintitc  and  aim- 
pie,  or  nearly  so,  aud  eoarvcly  appreciable.     (vuUut,  plucked;  hairleHs, ) 


aiO».  VtLHICL'LVN  IMBERBIK  (Porjri. 

Body  somewhat  sleTider,  its  greatest  height  4  i  times  in  distance  betw<M>n 
tip  of  snout  and  liuse  of  ciindal.  Length  of  head  without  prolongntions 
2i  in  total  length;  with  prolongations,  2.  Crown  of  head  fiat;  inti-ror- 
bital  Mpnce  conouro,  with  a  depressed  groove  in  itx  middle,  liraiuhing  pos- 
teriorly along  the  ba»e  of  the  supraorbital  cre.stA,  its  width  somewhat 
greater  than  the  horizontal  diameter  of  orbit.  No  ptutuberanees  on  fore- 
bead  or  on  the  snout  above,  and  no  ridges  or  spines  beneath  eye.  Length 
of  snont,  including  the  jireorbital  extension,  eqnul  to  length  of  head; 
preorbital  extension  about  }  of  length  of  snout.  Preorbital  processes 
Hut,  unitnu«Hl,  and  somewhat  divergunt;  a  ridge  arising  at  ba.>te  of  pre- 
orbital process  ainl  e.xtending  to  angle  of  jtreoperrnhim,  where  it  termi- 
natei*  in  a  blunt  spine;  u  low  ridge  on  operculum,  ending  in  a  rather 
ini'oii^piciioiis  spine;  another  above  aud  elose  to  it,  pointing  upward. 
Length  of  opercular  ridge  of  opines  nt^arly  equal  to  horizontal  diameter 
of  eye.  Jaws  feebl)^  and  apparently  toothless;  barbels  on  lower  jaw  so 
inconspicuous  ns  to  be  scarcely  visible;  maxillary  oxtijnding  almost  to 
vertical  through  anterior  margin  of  eye ;  diameter  of  eye  4  times  iu  lougtb, 


of  heart  without  its  jimhingutions.  Dorsal  origin  directly  iu  Hop 
upper  iinglo  of  gill  opt<ning;  th<>  origin  of  iiDnl  nmler  th:it  of  second  tlor- 
sul;  ventral!)  Hliglitly  iu  mlvuiive  of  pectorals,  aud  aot  so  fur  back,  though 
their  tipn  roucli  somewhat  b«,voiid  vrut;  poctorttls  rather  lung;  about  25 
rows  ofaciileH.  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Tho  t.vpc,  about  2  in<-b<!ii  long,  id  in  tbc 
Miisemn  of  Couipariiti%'e  Zoology  at  Oaiul)ri<lge,  and  hni>  l>«en  vxaminext 
iu  the  prcpiirutiou  of  thiM  ilcHi-riptiou,  but  tho  fXiimple  living  aniqae 
and  Biuall,  wu  have  nut  viMitiiit-d  lo  t-xuininu  it  so  rlonrly  an  would  buvo 
been  practicable  with  moro  niatorial.  It  is,  huwevi^r,  appari-ntly  o  wnll-' 
marked  species,  rcHciiibling  in  ii  general  way  P,  louffiBpatkum .  It  was 
ol>Uiincd  by  I'ocy  from  tin*  stouiach  of  rolymiria  Hobilii,  tttkoii  near  Cuba 
in  deep  wutrr.  ((ioodo  «.V  ll<!aii).  Near  t'libii,  iu  deep  water,  from 
Htouiacbs  of  I'olymisia  (l.'oll.  PiKiy).  A  few  spctumotiH  in  biid  coudttion 
wi-re  takou  by  Jordiin  &  Stciirns  from  atouincbfi  of  Oroii|>er)<  aod  Snappera 
on  the  i^uHp]u-r  Hunkis  off  I'ensacola.  Iu  the^^e  itpcoiOieDB,  which  itecin 
to  represent  Poey'tt  imbrrbit,  the  dorsal  rays  are  about  V-19,  s<-utea  30; 
oa<-h  Htdts  of  body  witb  i  rows  of  8]iinon8  piatos,  the  ventnil  seiriea  with 
hooked  epin'-H.     {imbtrbi»,  bt^ardless. ) 

reritltdioti  itnl>rrbr.  I'o«T,  Mem.  Hl»t.  Jfitt.  Cuba,  H.  307,  MO,  1861,  Cuba;   ToBT.  J 
Fiali.  Nnl.  Cuba,  ii,  \bH.  MKO;  .Tordan,  Proo.  IT.  S.  Nat.  Hiik.  tfWi.  38;  (ioooa  A  : 
Oreanlu  IcIitliyulOKf,  *Ti.  181M. 

PiriiUditHi  micronevms,  PoBV.  Ann.  Lye.  Kat.  Hist.  X.  Y..  IX,  1870, 3X1,  Culia ;  aabaUlolc 
naniK  on  Gudlng  thn  rxUtoDcv  of  IfArbeU. 

PerUMhu4  mieraiwiita,  UOirruSB,  Uhallnogor  K«por(.,  Uuop  Sea  KiiihM,  XXM,  I 


i 


Family  CLXXXVI.  CEI'HALACANTHID.E. 

(TuK  Flying  Ocrmardb.) 

Hody  I'longate,  mibniindrnngnlar,  tnperiug  behind;   head  vrry  bltrnt, 
4)Uiidniagui:ir,  it«  Mirfaci'  alni0f>t  ciitiit'Iy  bouy  ;  naHalH,  priH>rbital«, 
orhitalM,  uud  bout'x  of  top  of  head  united  into  a  BliiuUl;  nurhal  jiar 
itbield  on  t-iich  itidi'  produced  buvkwitrd  in  a  bony  ridge,  t-udiiii;  in  a  »tr 
npine,  which  reachi^  paat  front  of  dorsal;  interocular  spai-e  d(<o|>ly  i 
•'avr;  preurbitals  fonning  a  prujictiug  roof  above  the  jaws;  prcof 
prmluved  in  a  very  long  rough  spine;  cheeks  and  oi>er(dea  with 
Bculoa;  opercle  aiual lor  than  eye;  gill  opeiiingH narrow,  vortical,  iteparfl 
by  11  \ery  brouil,  Hiajy  isthmus;  pHeudobraiicbiii'  large;  gill  raki-rs  mini 
mouth  Ktiiiill,  lower.jnw  included;  jiiws  with  granular  teeth;  no  t««tik1 
\'«iiier  or  paliitiiies;  scales  bouy,  strongly  keeled;  2  Mirr»t«'d,  kuifo- 
appcudngc*  at  baao  of  tail;  tirst  dorsal  of  >  or fi  rather  high  tlexibb- spi 
the  lirsl  I  or  2  epiucs  nearly  free  from  the  others;  an  immovable  8| 
between  the  dorsals;  anal  and  second  dorsal  8hort,  of  slcndei  raju;  can 
Htnall,  liiiiiite;  pectoral  tiriH  divided  to  the  ba.ie  into  2  part«,  the  aiit*^ 
portiou  abont  a»i  long  as  the  head,  of  about  6  rays,  closely  eonuectrxi; 
posterior  .^nd  larger  portion  more  than  twice  length  of  head,  rc»cl 
nearly    to   camlal    in    the    adult   (I)acty}oi>U-nu);  much   shorter   in 
young  {C«))hiilai'aHthu«);  these  rays  ver.v  slender,  niuijilc,  wide  ap« 
tip;  ventral  rays  I,  I,  the  lung  flna  pointed,  their  baaea  cloae  logt»t 


Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of  North  America.     2183 


the  inner  rays  sliortest ;  air  bladder  with  2  lateral  parts,  each  with  » large 
ninMclc;  pyloric  ciBca  nnineroiis ;  vert<'bra<  9+*13=22.  Wamiseaa;  the 
adult  able  to  move  iu  th»  air  like  the  true  flyinif-fiKh,  but  for  shorter  dis- 
tances.    One  genera  and  2  to  4  npecios. 

798.  CEPHALACANTHUS,  Lac^pi'de. 

(FLYIN<i   (iURNAHD.) 

Otyhalaeanthut,  LACfcpfcDK,  Hist.  >'at.  ToiHii.,  iii,  SZl,  1802  (tpiitarcHa) ;  yonni;  exaniples 

of  tlio  Kaat  lotiian  itperica. 
Dactyloptervt,  LAi-t.pi.VK,  Hist.  Xst.  PoIhs.,  iu,  325,  1802  {pirapeda  —  rolUant);  adults  of 

the  American  Bpocica. 
Oonoeephaluii,  (isoNow,  Cat.  Fiili.,  ¥a\.  Uray.  108,  \K>i  (maeroeephaltu—rolUant). 

Character  of  the  genus  included  above.  Two  8i>eci<-8  known,  the  follow- 
ing and  the  East  Indian,  Cephalacanthut  ipinarella.  {Ht^aXrf,  head; 
iXKity'JiX,  spine.) 

S510.  ('KPHALA<'A>THi:8  YOMTANS  (Linnwus). 
(Flying  Uorih;  Hat-kibh;  Yoijldok:  MrKctfiiAoo.) 

Head  44;  depth  .^i.  1).  II-IV,  8;  A.  6;  P.  28-|-6.  First  2  dorsal  spines 
frt-u,  slightly  connected  by  membrane  at  base;  preopercular  spine  reach- 
ing 1>eyoiul  base  of  ]>oi-toralH,  not  to  end  of  occipital  spine;  pectorals 
reaching  nearly  to  base  of  r-audal  in  adult,  very  much  shorter  in  young; 
in  the  young  the  spines  of  the  head  are  much  longer.  Greenish  olive  and 
brown  above,  of  varying  sha«leH ;  below  pale,  marked  irregularly  with 
dusky  and  bright  brick  rc<l,  varying  to  salmon  yellow ;  pectoral  fins 
niottleil  with  bright-blue  stri>ak8  near  the  base  and  blue  spots  and  bars 
toward  the  tip;  their  nnder  sides  glaucous  blue,  edged  with  darker; 
caudal  tin  witli  about  3  brownish-red  bars ;  coloration  extremely  variable. 
Length  12  inches.  Atlantic  Ocean,  on  both  coaxts;  very  abundant  on 
Sonth  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts;  a  handsome  and  singular  tish.  (£u.) 
(roKfan«,  llying.) 

Firabehf,  Makcobavb,  Iliit.  Brasil.,  iv,  162, 16(8,  Brazil. 
itilmu  eirratiii.  Kloank,  Hist.  Jamaica,  ii,  288,  Jamaica. 
Trigla  digitit  vicenii palmalit,  Abtedi,  Genera, 44, 1T38,  Mediterranean,  etc. 
nirtiiulit,  ('ATE8HY,  Xat.  Hint.  Carolina,  II,  tab.  8, Bahamas. 
Tri'jla  rolitant,  hauMX'e,  Syat.  KaL,  1C<I.  x,  1. 302, 1758 ;  utin  Aktkui ;  " Marl  Mediterraneo 

Oceanio,  Pelago  inter  tropicos,  in  Asia  ad  Cap.  b.  Spei.     Sspe  agitata  evolans  ex 

aqua." 
Daelyl<>jittru»  volitan*,  CnviKR  &  VAUUfciBSKKS,  HiHt.  Xat.  I'oisa.,  IV,  117, 1820;  GO>-thbb, 

Cat.  Fishes,  ll,  221. 18C0 1  LOTKE.N,  Simtia  Atlantica,  417, 1880. 
Tri'jla  ttntabunda,  Walbai'X,  Art<'di,  Piitciiim,  111,362,  1792;  after  Cataphraetu*.  Klkin, 

Missus,  which  is  after  Catesbv,  Fishes  ofCurulina,  iv,  44,  tiif.  14,  f.  1. 
Trigla fatdata,  Kux'H  &  8cu.nrii>eb,  Syst.  Icbth..  16,  tal>.  3,  f.  1,1801 :  after  Vorytliint,'KLas, 

Missus,  \v,  4S,  taf.  14,  f.  2,  lucalily  not  stnt<-<l. 
IfaclylopUrut  pirapeda,  LACfcptoE,  Hist.  Kat.  Poiss.,  iii,  326,  1802,  Mediterranean  and 

almost  all  warm  seas. 
I'otytutnut  texradiahi;  MiTCllKLL,  Trans.  Lit.  and  Phil  .S<h-.,  i,  181S,  pL  4,  f.  10,  New  York. 
VallUmyM  iit  jiflmjicut,  KafinebijL'B,  Amer.  Monthly  Mag.,  Jan.,  Irtl8, 2u5,  Atlantic  Ocean. 
Dactyloiitenit  eommuni*,  OwKK,  OKtrul.  Cut.,  1, 56, 1851. 
(loitoerphalait  maeroeephalut,  (IROKOW,  Cat.  Finh.,  Ed.  (iray,  100, 18.'>4,  jwlaglv. 

*  The  osteologii-al  chnrartitrH  uf  this  family  are  {(ircn  (after  Cill)  on  jiagi)  2147. 
KXD  <IK  i>abt  n. 


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