Fish and wildlife existing in limited numbers in Massachusetts

UMASS/AMHERST

J

3i2Dtt 0271 a?fl^ s iov L5197G

Fi.Ejft/ aild Wildlife Existing in Limited Numbers

in Massachusetts

By

University of Massachusetts Paul s* Musford

Introduction

Few subjects relating to fish and xjildlife receive as much publicity as
endangered species. In Massachusetts, as elsewhere, considerable confusion
persists also over the frequently-used words, "rare" and "endangered" as well
as over the selection of candidate fish or wildlife species for a list of
those deserving special protection or management. Nominations of species for
endangered status sometimes are based on emotion rather than on supportable
facts. On the other hand, some species about which man knows little may, in
fact, be threatened with extinction.

Threatened Species — Where Does the Responsibility Lie?

There is seemingly incontrovertible evidence that many animal species have,
prior to the environmental degradation ttributable to modern man, become ex-
:inct. This belief has given rise to some speculation that negative environ-
lental influences chargeable to man may not bear the sole responsibility for
the decline of fish and wildlife — that the apparent decline in numbers of some
animals may be largely a natural phenomenon. Then, too, some believe that the
normal processes of extinction may be accelerating only for those species which
are most familiar to man (principally the larger animals which man easily
identifies) , and that thousands of other living creatures (lesser known) are
either stable or expanding with no net change in the earth's total animal popu-
lations.

Evidence for Loss of Suitable Habitat

Host contemporary scientists, however, feel that recent human activities
have hastened the decline of certain plants and animals. The Smithsonian In-
stitute of Technology, for instance, has pointed out that more than 2,000 na-
tive American plants, such as cacti of the Southwestern deserts and wildf lowers
of the Rocky Mountains, and many butterflies are approaching the endangered
status.

The Wildlife Society says that of forty-one "recent" native birds and
mammals of the United States known to have become extinct, eighteen have been
lost in the present century.

Such information has stimulated increased attention to the status of
existing fish and wildlife resources as well as to those human activities which
may adversely affect our native fauna by altering or eliminating essential
habitat.

f-iqH a- w-ndlife Existing in Limited Numbers in Mass.
Publica?W^93-^0-5So-8-76-CR. Approved by Alfred C. Holland, State Purchasing

7^-vo/it.j A*ent

-2-

Present Status

Regardless of the legitimacy of claims and counterclaims, over sixty species
of vertebrates have been identified as existing in limited numbers in Massachu-
setts. Some of these are rare or endangered (see definitions) suggesting a
cause-and-effect decline, while the minimal presence of others may simply be
due to recent range extensions into the Commonwealth or to a paucity of valid
information about them.

Those species listed herein have been categorized because they are declin-
ing, exist in minimal numbers, or have an undetermined status. Those in the
latter category will require further investigation.

New Information Sought

The Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, in its continuing
monitoring of the state's fish and wildlife resources, welcomes any information
which will add to the state of current knowledge. Submissions of data in sup-
port of proposed additions or amendments to the list of those species existing
in limited numbers are encouraged.

Contact: Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife
100 Cambridge Street
Boston, Massachusetts 02202

PSM/mb/1976

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