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FLORA    CONSPICUA; 

A  SELECTION  OF 

THE  MOST  ORNAMENTAL  FLOWERING,  HARDY,  EXOTIC 

AND  INDIGENOUS  TREES,  SHRUBS,  AND 

HERBACEOUS  PLANTS, 

FOK    EMBKLLISIIING 

FLOWER-GARDENS  and  PLEASURE-GROUNDS. 


By  RICHARD  morris,  F.L.S.,  &c. 

AUTHOR  OF  "  ESSAYS  ON  LANDSCAPE  GARDENING,"  &C. 


DRAWN  AND  ENGRAVED  FROM  LIVING  SPECIMENS 

By  WILLIAM   CLARK. 


r'f=W  YORK 

F.    •. 


LONDON: 

PRINTED  FOR 

LONGMAN,  REES,  0R3IE.  BROWN.  AND  GREEN, 
PATERNOSTER-ROW. 

1826. 


5RHo7 


■rriKTEn  by  riciiaud  taylor, 

SHOE-I.AM:,   LONDON. 


INDEX 


^'^:vv  york 


*  Plate. 

AcoNiTUM  variegatuni. ...  22 

Adonis  vernalis 45 

Amaryllis  concinna 44 

Anchusa  paniculata 10 

Anemone  pulsatilla G 

Aquilegia  canadensis  /3  gra- 
cilis   55 

Asclepias  tuberosa 39 

Azalea  nudiflora  /3  coccinea  30 

pontica 17 

Bignonia  radicans 21 

Campanula  peregrina 47 

Cassia  odorata 67 

Chelone  barbata   18 

Chrysanthemum  sinense  /3 

purpurascens 51 

Coreopsis  tinctoria 37 

Cyclamen  coum CO 

Cytisus  purpureus 58 

Daphne  cneorum 23 

Delphinium  elegans  jS  pleno  43 
—  mesoleucum   . .  29 

Fumaria  cximia 28 

nobilis 4-9 

Genista  triquetra 12 

Gentiana  acaulis    2 

asclepiadea 38 

Gladiolus  cardinalis 15 

Glycine  sinensis    46 

Helianthus  atrorubens  ....  27 

Lathyrus  grandiflorus 48 

Lilium  concolor 24 


Plate. 

Lilium  pomponium   34 

Linum  narbonense 14 

Lobelia  fulgens 41 

Lonicera  flava 53 

Lupin  us  nootkatensis 19 

Magnolia  glauca  sempervi- 

rens    9 

purpurea 50 

CEnothera  missourensis  ...  3 1 

Orobus  varius 35 

• vernus 4 

Paeonia  officinalis  rubra. ...    11 

— ^—  moutan 13 

Papaver  nudicaule  j3  cocci- 
nea       59 

Passiflora  cserulea-racemosa  40 

Phlox  carnea 16 

setacea 42 

Polygala  chamajbuxus   ....     5 

Potentilla  nepalensis 33 

Pulmonaria  davurica 8 

Pyrus  japonica 1 

Rhododendron  arboreum  . .     7 

ferrugineum  52 

Robinia  hi.spida 36 

Sanguinaria  canadensis. ...     3 
Schizanthus  porrigens  ....  32 

Spigelia  marilandica 26 

Symphoria  racemosa 25 

Tigridia  oxypetala 20 

Trillium  grandiflorum 54 

Verbena  Lamberti 56 


CD 


1. 

PYRUS  JAPONICA. 

Japan  Pyrus. 


ICOSANDRTA.  PeNTAGYNIA. 

Class  12.  Order  4. 

Pyrus.  Pirus  of  Pliny:  supposed  to  he  from  irup,  Jire ;  the  fruit 
drawing  up  to  a  point  like  a  flame. 

Linn,  si/st.  467.     Willd.  1020. 

GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

Cal.  superior  of  one  leaf,  five-cleft,  permanent.  Cor.  Petals  five, 
roundish,  concave,  larger  than  the  calyx,  and  proceeding  from  it. 
Stam.  Filaments  twenty,  awl-shaped,  attached  to  the  calyx,  shorter 
than  the  corolla ;  anthers  oblong,  of  two  lobes.  Pist.  Germ  in- 
ferior ;  styles  five,  filiform  ;  stigmas  simple.  Per.  Fruit  roundish, 
umbilicated,  with  five  membranaceous  cells.  Seeds  two  in  each 
cell. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER. 

Leaves  elliptic- oblong,  sharply  serrated,  smooth. 


The  characters  of  this  species  frequently  vary:  sometimes 
having  numerous  petals,  as  a  semi-double  flower,  but  more 
frequently  appearing  with  five  or  six.  The  pericarpium  is 
seldom  larger  than  a  walnut,  and  rarely  perfects  itself  in  this 
country.  A  white  and  also  a  semi-double  variety  of  this  species 
have  been  obtained,  so  nearly  coinciding  in  habit  with  the  plant 
here  figured  as  not  to  warrant  their  being  made  distinct  species. 


The  Pyi'us  Japonica  is  a  native  of  Japan,  and  was  intro- 
duced into  this  country  by  Sir  Joseph  Banks  in  1796.  It 
may  be  considered  to  rank  among  some  other  shrubs  from  that 
country,  as  the  most  ornamental  which  are  cultivated  in  our 
gardens.  It  possesses  in  itself  a  peculiar  recommendation, 
from  its  blooming  at  a  season  when  few  other  flowers  appear. 
Such  flowers  as  present  themselves  before  Spring  has  put  on 
her  verdant  robes  are  viewed  with  peculiar  pleasure  and  de- 
light, and  in  a  manner  invite  us  to  look  forward  for  that 
season  when  Nature  appears  clothed  in  her  loveliest  hues. 
The  flowers  of  the  Pynis  Japonica  are  of  a  beautiful  red,  and 
are  in  great  abundance  over  the  whole  plant,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  the  last  year's  shoots :  the  oldest  branches  of  the  tree 
will  throw  out  spurs  with  flowers ;  they  begin  to  make  their 
appearance  early  in  March,  before  the  leaves,  and  continue  in 
perfect  beaut)'  until  near  the  end  of  April :  throughout  the 
summer  a  few  blooms  will  occasionally  appear.  This  plant 
is  with  good  effect  frequently  ti'ained  against  walls  or  trellis- 
work,  and  forms  a  desirable  shrub,  to  disperse  among  open 
plantations  and  shrubberies,  particularly  if  intermixed  with 
the  white  variety,  as  they  are  proved  to  endure  the  severity  of 
our  winters.  These  shrubs  are  of  free  growth ;  and  when 
planted  against  walls,  pruning  is  necessary :  some  of  the  lux- 
uriant young  shoots  may  be  removed  without  injui'y  to  the 
plants.  This  species  of  Pyrus  is  easily  propagated,  either  by 
layers  in  the  sprmg,  or  by  cuttings  in  the  autumn ;  and  it 
adapts  itself  to  almost  any  soil :  in  common  garden  earth  it 
grows  freely ;  and  is  found  to  flourish  in  the  environs  of 
London. 

The  figure  here  given  was  taken  from  a  luxuriant  specimen 
against  a  south  wall  in  Vincent-square,  Westminster. 


REFERENCES    TO    THE    PLATE. 

1 .  Section  of  calyx^  showing  the  insertion  of  the  stamens  and  pistils. 

2.  One  stamen  and  the  pistils  magnified. 

3.  Outline  of  a  perfect  leaf. 


Fl.2. 


Drawn  Sr  EUhed  by  W.  Ciar/c 


GENTIANA   ACAULIS. 

Stemless  Gentian,  or  Gentianella. 


PeNTANDRIA.  DlGYNIA. 

Class  5.  Order  2. 

Gentiaxa.  From  Gentius  (king  of  lUyria),  who  is  said  to  have  dis- 
covered it,  or  at  least  to  have  first  experienced  its  virtues  as  a  cure 
for  the  plague  vi'hich  infected  his  army. 

Linn.  gen.  n.  322.     Linn,  spec.  330.  Linn.  syst.  267- 

GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

Cal.  Perianth  five-parted,  sharp,  oblong,  permanent.  Cor.  Petal  one, 
tubular  at  bottom,  at  top  five-cleft.  Stam.  Filaments  five,  shorter 
than  the  corolla.  Pist.  Germ  oblong,  cylindric,  length  of  the 
stamens.  Style  none.  Stigmas  two,  ovate.  Per.  Capsule  oblong, 
one-celled,  two-valved.     Seeds  numerous. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER. 

Flowers  solitary.  Corolla  five-cleft/  bell-shaped,  higher  than  the 
stalk. 


Root  branched.  Leaves  ovate-lanceolate.  Stem  from  one 
to  two  inches  in  height,  with  one  or  two  pairs  of  leaves ;  a 
large  solitary  flower  at  the  extremity.  Calyx  angular,  di- 
vided at  top,  five  lanceolate  segments.  Corolla  monopela- 
lous,  deep  blue,  dotted  inside. 


The  Gentiana  acaulis  is  an  herbaceous  perennial,  grows 
freely  in  strong  earth,  produces  large  tufts  of  flowers  particu- 
larly showy,  and  forms  an  excellent  edging  for  flower-beds  ; 
it  flowers  more  freely  if  suffered  to  remain  than  when  fre- 
quently removed,  and  is  increased  by  seeds  and  by  separating 
the  roots  in  the  spring :  excessive  drought  is  injurious  to  it. 
Perhaps  no  herbaceous  plant  excels  this  in  brilliancy  of  colour; 
and  although  humble  in  growth,  possesses  particular  attrac- 
tions. It  flowers  with  greatest  beauty  in  April  and  May, 
though  in  the  summer  and  autumn  a  few  blooms  will  occa- 
sionally  appear  :  when  growing  in  its  wild  state  it  has  little  or 
no  stem. 

It  is  a  native  of  many  parts  of  Europe — some  say  of  En- 
gland. In  London  it  does  not  thrive  well,  and  rarely  flowers: 
this  may  be  attributed  to  the  impurity  of  the  air,  as  at  the 
Nurseries  a  short  distance  from  the  metropolis  it  is  seen  flower- 
ing abundantly :  a  shaded  situation  is  favourable  to  this  plant, 
but  pure  air  is  indispensable. 


REFERENCES    TO    THE    PLATi;. 

1 .  Section  of  the  corolla  spread,  showing  the  insertion  of  the  stamens. 

2.  Pistil. 


n.3. 


Drawn  tcEtchtd  by  W,  CUrk. 


3. 

SANGUINARIA   CANADENSIS. 

Canada  Puccoon,  or  Blood-Wort. 


POLYANDRIA.  MoNOGYNlA. 

Class  13.  Order  1. 

Sanguinaria, — from  its  blood-coloured  juice. 

Linn.  gen.  645.     Linn.  spec.  723.     Willd.  1 140. 

GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

Cal.  Perianth  two-leaved,  ovate,  concave.  Cor.  Petals  eight,  oblong, 
blunt.  Stam.  Filaments  many,  shorter  than  the  corolla.  Anthers 
simple.  Pist.  Germ  oblong,  compressed.  Style  none.  Stigma  two- 
grooved,  height  of  the  stamens,  permanent.  Per.  Capsule  oblong, 
two-valved.     Seeds  many,  round,  acuminate. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER. 

Leaves  upright,  sinuated,  lobed.     .Scape  one-flowered. 


Root  tuberous,  fleshy,  bright-red  internally,  when  cut  afford- 
ing juice  of  the  same  colour,  from  which  it  takes  its  name  of 
Sanguinaria  :  the  juice  is  bitter  and  acrid.  The  root  shoots 
out  numerous  slender  stems,  each  bearing  a  flower  of  eightor 
ten  petals.  Filaments  above  twenty.  Anthers  yellow.  Germ 
glaucous.  Seeds  shining,  yellowish.  A  single  leaf  with  each 
flower,  of  a  glaucous  green,  with  conspicuous  veins.  The  base 


of  the  stem  surrounded  by  small,  oblong,  membranaceous 
scales. 

There  is  a  delicacy  in  this  herbaceous  plant  which  renders 
it  attractive  and  worthy  of  cultivation  :  although  it  does  not 
form  a  prominent  feature  in  the  flower-border,  still  it  pro- 
duces a  good  effect  in  the  front  of  beds  with  other  small 
flowers.  It  blooms  in  April,  grows  about  nine  inches  high, 
with  several  stalks  from  the  same  root ;  thrives  well  in  peat 
earth,  or  in  light  mould  and  rotten  leaves.  It  is  propagated 
by  separating  the  roots  in  the  autumn,  as  it  is  in  a  dormant 
state  at  this  season.  It  loses  its  leaves  about  the  end  of  July, 
after  which  the  roots  may  be  divided;  but  this  should  not  be 
done  until  the  plant  is  of  two  or  three  years  growth. 

It  is  a  native  of  Canada,  where  it  grows  spontaneously  in 
the  woods,  and  was  introduced  here  in  1680. 


REFERENCE    TO    THE    PLATE. 

1.  Stamens  and  pistil  magnified. 


«■ 


n.4-. 


Brawn,  k Etched  by  W.  Clark. 


4. 

OROBUS    VERNUS. 

Spring  Bitter -Vetch. 


DiADELPHIA.  DeCANDRIA. 

Class  \7.  Order  4. 

Obobus.  Opoto;  ofTheophrastus  and  Dioscorides  :  from  opw,  to  ex- 
cite, and  ^ovs,  an  ox ;  this  herb  being  used  by  the  ancients  to  fatten 
oxen. 

Linn.  gen.  n.  871.     Linn.  spec.  1028. 

GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

Cal.  Perianth  one-leaved,  tubular,  blunt  at  the  base,  shrivelling.  Cor. 
papilionaceous.  Stain.  Filaments  diadelphous.  Anthers  roundish. 
Pist.  Germ  cylindrical,  compressed.  Style  filiform.  Stigma  linear. 
Per.  Legume  round,  long,  acuminate,  and  ascending,  one-celled, 
two-valved.     Seeds  numerous,  roundish. 

SPECIFIC     CHARACTER. 

Leaves  pinnate-ovate.  Stipules  semi-sagittate,  quite  entire.  Stem 
simple. 


Root  perennial,  fibrous.  IStem  one  foot  high,  unbranched, 
smooth,  angular.  Leaves  alternate,  petioled.  Leaflets  three 
pairs,  ovate-lanceolate,  sessile,  quite  entire,  nerved,  bright- 
green,  smooth,  tender.  Stipules  at  the  base  of  the  petioles. 
Midrib  or  rachis  of  the  leaf  long,  channelled,  ending  in  a  sharp 


point.  Peduncles  axillary.  Corolla  red,  purple,  and  blue : 
the  colours  change  as  the  corolla  advances.  Legumes  straight, 
round,  containing  eight  to  ten  rounded  seeds. 

The  Orobus  vermis  is  an  herbaceous  perennial,  was  intro- 
duced in  1629,  and  is  a  native  of  the  North  of  Europe.  It 
blooms  in  April  in  open  borders.  If  the  roots  be  left  for  a 
few  years  in  the  earth  without  being  separated,  they  produce 
handsome  tufts  of  purple  flowers.  It  grows  about  one  foot  in 
height,  and  presents  a  pleasing  contrast  with  early-flowering 
herbaceous  plants ;  as,  Scilla  bifolia,  Sanguinaria  Canadensis, 
Cynoglossum  omphaloides,  Alyssummontana,  Cyclamen  jjersicurrii 
and  Soldanella  alpina.  Many  of  these  little  vernal  flowers 
are  not  sufficiently  conspicuous  of  themselves,  but  collectively 
produce  a  truly  pleasing  effect,  that  may  be  heightened  by  a 
judicious  and  tasteful  arrangement. 

This  plant  is  propagated  by  dividing  the  root,  either  in  the 
autrnnn,  or  so  early  in  the  spring  that  the  young  shoots  may 
"sustain  no  injury :  it  thrives  well  in  common  borders,  provided 
the  earth  be  not  too  light  or  dry. 


REFEBENCF,    TO    THK    PLATK. 

1 .  Stamens  and  pistils  magnified. 


n.i 


Dra-KU  t7\tc/ud  tyW.  Clark . 


5. 

POLYGALA   CHAMiEBUXUS. 

Box-leaved  Milkwort. 


DiADELPHIA.  OCTANDRIA. 

Class  17.  Orders. 

PoLYGALA.  From  iroXv,  much,  and  yaXa,,  milk;  this  plant  being 
supposed  to  make  cattle  yield  much  milk.  The  name  occurs  in 
Pliny  J  and  Dioscorides  has  iroXvyaXov. 

* 

Linn.  gen.  n.  851 .     Linn.  spec.  989.     Linn.  syst.  639. 

GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

Cal.  Perianth  five-leaved,  small,  permanent.  Cor.  subpapilionaceous. 
Standard  tubular,  short,  reflex  mouth,  bifid.  Keel  concave.  Stam. 
Filaments  diadelphous,  inclosed  within  the  keel.  Anthers  simple. 
Pist.  Germ  oblong.  Style  simple,  erect.  Stigma  thickish,  bifid. 
Per.  Capsule  obcordate,  two-celled,  two-valved.  Seeds  solitary, 
ovate. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER. 

Flowers  scattered.  Keel  rounded  at  the  tip.  Stem  shrubby.  Leaves 
lanceolate. 


The  branches  are  closely  set  with  stift"  smoolh  leaves  of  a 
lucid  green.  The  flowers  proceed  from  between  the  leaves, 
near  the  extremity  of  the  branches ;  each  flower  stands  on  a 
peduncle  proceeding  from  a  kind  of  triphyllous  cup  formed 


of  floral  leaves :  the  true  calyx  is  composed  of  three  leaves, 
which  are  nearly  white :  the  two  outer  petals  are  similar  to  the 
wings  of  a  papilionaceous  flower,  and  are  also  white,  or  nearly 
so ;  the  third  petal,  which  forms  a  kind  of  tube  and  contains 
the  stamens  and  pistils,  is  white  at  the  base,  but  yellow  towards 
the  extremity,  where  it  changes  by  degrees  to  a  bright  bay 
colour.  Filaments  four  on  each  side,  slightly  united  at  the 
base. 

The  whole  of  the  Polygala  tribe  is  interesting : — of  those 
which  are  hardy,  some  are  herbaceous  perennials,  others  are 
annuals.  The  Chamcebuxus  was  introduced  into  England  in 
1658,  and  is  the  only  hardy  shrub  in  the  genus:  when  culti- 
vated, this  shrub  rises.with  branches  from  nine  inches  to  a  foot 
in  height ;  in  a  wild  state  it  does  not  grow  so  high. 

It  is  a  native  of  Austria,  Germany  and  Switzerland,  where 
it  grows  spontaneously  on  the  mountains,  flowering  plentifully 
in  May,  and  partially  until  August.  It  thrives  well  in  light 
mould  :  in  peat  or  bog- earth  it  flourishes. 

This  shrub, — hitermixed  with  GauUheria  procumbens,  Mit- 
ch'ella  repens,  Linnaea  borealis,  and  other  dwarf-growing  shrubs, 
— will  greatly  enrich  the  front  of  American  beds,  where  it  will 
grow  luxuriantly,  forming  a  close  and  ornamental  bush.  It 
may  be  propagated  by  separation,  as  it  throws  up  numerous 
branches  from  the  ground,  which  may  be  taken  off*  with  roots 
in  the  month  of  April. 


REFERKNCi;    TO    TIIK    PLATK. 

Stamens  and  pistil  magnified. 


Fi.e. 


Srawn  ScXngrmed,  fy  W,  Ciar/c. 


6. 

ANEMONE    PULSATILLA. 

Pasque-flower  Anemone. 


POLYANDRIA.  PoLYGYNIA. 

Class  13.  Order  7. 

Anemone.  AvSjOtwvij,  Hippocrates,  Theophrastus,  and  Dioscorides : 
from  Avf/xo;,  the  wind ,-  because  the  flower  is  supposed  not  to  open 
unless  the  wind  blows,  or  rather  because  it  grows  in  situations 
much  exposed  to  the  wind. 

Linn.  gen.  n.  694.     Linn.  .ipcc.  759. 

GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

Cal.  none.  Cor.  Petals  in  two  or  three  rows.  Stam.  Filaments  nu- 
merous, capillary,  half  the  length  of  the  corolla.  Fist.  Germs  nu- 
merous, in  a  head.  Styles  acuminate.  Stigmas  obtuse.  Per.  none. 
Receptacle  globular.  Seeds  numerous,  acuminate,  retaining  the 
style. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER. 

Peduncle  involucred.     Petals  straight.     Leaves  bipinnate. 


Peduncles  erect,  round,  from  six  to  eight  inches  high,  villose, 
one-flowered.  Invohicre  inultifid,  with  the  divisions  linear 
and  villose.  Corolla  purple.  Petals  lanceolate,  villose  with- 
out.    Seeds  ovate,  tailed,  hairy.    Leaves  rough,  finely  cut. 


This  herbaceous  plant  flowers  in  April.,  When  established, 
it  produces  fine  clusters  of  deep  purple  flowers  about  nine 
inches  in  height,  and  continues  a  succession  of  blooms  for 
about  a  month.  The  flowers  appear  while  the  leaves  are  small 
and  tender,  but  they  afterwards  attain  their  full  size  while 
the  plant  is  still  flowering ;  and  die  off*  early  in  July,  about 
the  time  the  seed  perfects  itself,  leaving  the  little  tuberous 
roots  in  a  dormant  state  until  the  following  spring.  It  is  in- 
judicious to  take  these  roots  out  of  the  ground  and  keep  them 
dry,  as  is  necessary  with  some  other  of  the  Anemonies :  the 
spot  where  the  Pulsatilla  is  growing  should  be  marked  before 
the  foliage  has  perished,  that  the  roots  may  not  be  disturbed. 
Some  of  the  other  species  of  Anemonies  may  be  cultivated  in 
the  same  border  with  the  Pulsatilla;  as,  A.  apennina^  A.  ne- 
morosa,  A.  sylvestris.  These,  though  all  of  low  growth,  are 
interesting  in  the  flower-border. 

The  Pulsatilla  thrives  in  a  light  sandy  earth  and  in  an 
open  situation.  It  is  a  native  of  Britain  :  is  propagated 
either  by  seed  or  by  parting  the  roots. 


Fl.y. 


Drami  lrEnpra\rdlyW,C/aTk. 


7. 

RHODODENDRON    ARBOREUM. 

Indian-tree  Rose-bay, 


DecANDRIA.  MONOGYNIA. 

Class  10.  Order  1. 

RiiODODENDKON.  'PoSoSsv8pov  of  Dioscoridcs :  from  foSov,  a  rose, 
and  hvSpov,  a  tree. 

Linn.  gen.  n.  548.     Don's  Prod.  Flora  Nepalensis,  p.  154. 

GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

Cat.  Perianth  five-parted,  permanent.  Cor.  one-petaled,  wheel 
funnel-form  ;  border  spreading,  with  rounded  segments.  Stam. 
Filaments  ten,  filiform,  almost  the  length  of  the  corolla,  declined. 
Anthers  oval.  Pist.  Germ  five-cornered,  retuse.  Style  filiform, 
the  length  of  the  corolla.  Stigma  obtuse.  Per.  Capsule  ovate, 
subangular,  five-celled,  divisible  into  five  parts.  Seeds  numerous, 
very  small. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER. 

Leaves  lanceolate,  acute,  silvery  underneath.  Flowers  in  clusters. 
Peduncles  and  calyx  downy.  Corolla  bell-shaped,  margin  crenu- 
lated,  two-lobed.     Capsule  ten-celled,  tomentose. 


Stem  twenty  feet  iii  height ;  branches  dichotomous,  ascend- 
ing. Leaves  at  the  end  of  the  branches,  ovate-lanceolate,  on 
short  petioles,  bright  green  on  the  upper  surface,  downy  be- 
neath ;  midrib  strong,  mucli  veined.  Flowers  deep  crimson, 
fi'om  ten  to  twenty  in  clusters  at  the  extremity  of  the  branches. 
Calyx  permanent,  small,  five-clell.  Corolla  bell-shaped,  dotted 
in  the  throat,  lobed.  Stamens  ten,  shorter  than  the  corolla, 
falling  with  it.  Anthers  oblong.  Germ  superior,  cylindrical, 
white,  downy. 


This  magnificent  shrub  is  a  native  of  the  Nepal  mountains, 
and  was  introduced  into  this  coimtry  in  1817.  In  the  Flora 
Exotica  it  is  said  to  have  been  first  discovered  by  Captain 
Hardwicke  on  a  tour  to  Sireenagur  in  1796,  growing  in  the 
mountainous  tract  called  the  Sewallc  Chain,  which  separates 
the  plains  of  Hindostan  from  the  Hinnnaleh  mountains  :  it  is 
called  by  the  natives  the  Boorans.  Its  wood  is  used  for 
making  stocks  of  matchlocks,  or  conniion  muskets  of  Hindo- 
stan. 

This  species,  upon  its  first  introduction,  was  treated  as  a 
hothouse  plant ;  but  is  now  fully  proved  to  bear  the  severity 
of  our  winters.  Sir  James  Edward  Smith,  P.L.S.,  has  a  spe- 
cimen in  his  garden  which  has  stood  in  the  open  ground  four 
years ;  and  it  has  been  of  late  treated  as  a  hardy  tree  in  many 
collections. 

Placed  alone  upon  a  lawn,  this  shrub  will  appear  to  great 
advantage ;  or  mixed  with  the  purple  and  pink  hues  of  the 
various  American  species  of  this  genus,  its  deep  crimson  blos- 
soms will  appear  with  additional  splendour.  Beautiful  as  this 
shrub  is,  it  was  rarely  to  be  met  with  until  within  these  few 
years ;  but  as  it  is  now  more  generally  dispersed,  and  as  it 
flowers  early  in  the  summer,  there  is  reason  to  expect  that  the 
seeds  may  be  perfected  in  this  country,  though  probably  it 
may  be  propagated  by  layers,  like  the  other  species  of  Rho- 
dodendron. We  have  to  acknowledge  the  kindness  received, 
in  being  allowed  the  use  of  the  specimen  from  which  the 
accompanying  delineation  was  copied.  This  specimen  was  the 
first  that  flowered  in  the  open  ground  in  this  country :  it  was 
presented  by  Mrs.  Beaumont  of  Bretton  Hall,  Yorkshire,  to 
the  Linnean  Society,  and  exhibited  at  their  meeting  on  Tues- 
day, June  7,  1825.  Thanks  are  also  due  for  the  assistance 
rendered  by  Mr.  Don,  Librarian  of  the  Linnean  Society,  in 
obtaining  this  delineation,  from  whose  Prodrovms  Flora;  Ne- 
palensis  the  specific  characters  of  this  plant  are  quoted;  in 
which  work  this  shrub  is  fully  described  under  the  natural 
order  EricecB. 


REFERENCE    TO    THE    PLATE. 

Pistil:  showing  the  germ,  style,  and  stigma. 


'■.■yraYfd  6-  »^  Gark. 


8. 

PULxMONARIA    DAVURICA. 

Daurian  Lungwort. 


Pentandria.  Monogynia. 

Class  5.  Order  1. 

Pclmoxakia:  so  named  from  its  being  supposed  to  be  a  good 
remedy  in  disorders  of  the  lungs  (pulmoiies)  ;  or,  according  to 
others,  from  the  spots  on  the  leaves  resembling  those  on  some  dis- 
eased lungs. 

Linn.  gen.  n.  184, 

GENERIC    character. 

Cal.  Perianth  one-leaved,  five-toothed,  prismatic,  pentagonal,  perma- 
nent. Cor.  one-petaled,  funnel-form  ;  tube  cylindrical,  the  length 
of  the  calyx3  borderhalf-five-cleft,  blunt,  upright,  spreading.  Throat 
pervious.  Stam.  Filaments  five,  in  the  throat,  very  short.  Anthers 
erect,  converging.  Fist.  Germs  four.  Style  filiform,  shorter  than 
the  calyx.  Stigma  blunt,  emarginate.  Per.  none.  Calyx  un- 
changed, fostering  the  seeds  at  bottom.  Seeds  four,  roundish, 
blunt. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER. 

Stem-leaves  oblong,  lanceolate,  embracing.     Root-leaves  elliptic. 


Root  perennial.  Stem  one  foot  in  height,  erect,  branched 
towards  the  top.  Radical  leaves  ovate,  on  long  footstalks, 
with  two  or  three  nerves  going  from  each  side  the  midrib  to- 
wards the  point.     Cauline  leaves  narrow,  lanceolate,  entire, 


quite  smooth.  Flowers  in  nodding  racemes,  pale  red,  changing 
to  bright  blue.  Peduncles  hairy.  Pedicles  about  the  length 
of  the  calyx.  Calyx  five-cleft,  hairy.  Corolla  cylindrical. 
Nectary,  five  hairy  glands.  Stamens  on  very  short  filaments, 
inserted  into  the  tube.  Style  filiform,  longer  than  the  corolla. 
Stigma  capitate,  small. 

This  species,  although  the  least  in  the  genus  in  point  of 
gi'owth,  may  be  ranked  as  the  most  delicate  and  beautiful :  it 
grows  about  nine  inches  in  height,  and  the  flowers  are  beauti- 
fully diversified  with  different  shades  of  blue  and  pink.  It  well 
merits  a  place  in  the  ornamental  flower-border,  and  may  be 
planted  amongst  rock-work  with  other  flowering  alpine  plants ; 
and  as  it  loves  a  light  soil  and  dry  situation,  it  may  here  meet 
with  a  spot  congenial  to  its  habits.  The  beauty  of  many  small 
alpine  plants  is  much  heightened  through  their  being  placed 
in  favourable  situations  on  rock-work,  especially  when  taste- 
fully arranged  so  as  to  harmonize.  It  is  in  a  great  measure 
through  the  introduction  of  ornamental  rock-work  in  gardens, 
that  the  beautiful  tribe  of  alpine  plants  have  increased  in  esti- 
mation, and  are  now  so  much  in  repute.  This  species  of 
Pulmonaria  does  not  frequently  perfect  its  seeds,  but  is  propa- 
gated by  separating  its  roots  in  the  spring.  It  was  introduced 
in  1812,  and  is  a  native  of  Dauria. 


REFERENCE    TO    THE    PLATE. 

Magnified  corolla  cut  open,  showing  the  insertion  of  the  stamens  and 

pistil. 


Drawn  k£nf  raved  iy  W,  Ciarh. 


9. 

MAGNOLIA   GLAUCA    sempeuvirens. 
Evergreen  Swamp  Magnolia. 


POLYANDRIA.  PoLYGYNIA. 

Class  13.  Order  7. 

Magnolia  :  so  named  by  Plumier  in  honour  of  Pierre  Magnol,  Pro- 
fessor of  Medicine  and  Prefect  of  the  Botanic  Garden  at  Mont- 
pelier. 

Linn.  gen.  n.  690. 

GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

Cal.  Perianth  three-leaved  j  leaflets  ovate,  concave,  petal-shaped, 
deciduous.  Cor.  Petals  nine,  oblong,  concave,  blunt,  narrower  at 
the  base.  Stam.  Filaments  numerous,  short,  acuminate,  com- 
pressed, inserted  into  the  common  receptacle  of  the  pistils  below 
the  germs.  Anthers  linear,  fastened  on  each  side  to  the  margin 
of  the  filaments.  Fist.  Germs  numerous,  ovate-oblong,  two-celled, 
covering  a  club-shaped  receptacle.  Styles  recurved,  contorted,  very 
short.  Stigmas  villose,  perpendicular  with  the  style.  Per.  stro- 
bile ovate,  covered  with  capsules,  which  are  compressed,  roundish, 
scarcely  imbricate,  clustered,  acute,  one-celled,  two-valved,  sessile, 
opening  outwards,  permanent.  Seeds  two  or  one,  roundish,  berried, 
hanging  by  a  thread  from  the  sinus  of  each  scale  of  the  strobile. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER. 

Leaves  ovate-oblong,  glaucous  underneath. 


Branches  many,  somewhat  slender,  covered  with  a  smooth 
bark.  Leaves  oblong,  entire,  smooth,  bright  green  on  the 
upper  surface,  but  white  or  glaucous  underneath.  The  flowers 
are  solitary  at  the  extremity  of  the  branches,  with  from  eight 
to  ten  white  and  concave  petals.  The  fruit  is  conical  and 
imbricated,  about  the  size  of  a  walnut,  and  when  ripe  is  of  a 
dark-brown  colour.  Seeds  either  singly  or  in  pairs  within 
the  imbricated  scales. 


The  Magnolia  glauca,  of  which  the  plant  figured  is  a  variety, 
was  introduced  into  this  country  in  1688,  and  is  supposed  to 
be  the  first  of  the  genus  that  appeared :  it  was  cultivated  by 
Bishop  Compton  at  Fulham.  It  is  a  native  of  North  America, 
where  it  grows  in  low  and  swampy  ground,  and  is  known 
there  by  the  names  of  White  Laurel^  Swarnp  Sassafras,  and 
Beaver  Tree.  It  is  supposed  to  have  obtained  the  latter  name 
from  the  circumstance  of  the  root  being  eaten  by  beavers ;  by 
which  means  these  animals  are  frequently  caught.  Kalm  states, 
that  in  America  this  tree  casts  its  leaves  in  the  autumn,  but  that 
young  trees  will  retain  them  through  the  winter.  In  woods  in 
that  country  it  grows  in  great  luxuriance,  and  the  flowers  are 
particularly  fragrant ;  so  much  so,  that  their  scent  is  percep- 
tible, if  the  wmd  be  favourable,  at  the  distance  of  three- 
quarters  of  a  mile.  The  Americans  cure  coughs  and  other 
pectoral  diseases  by  steeping  the  berries  of  this  tree  in  brandy, 
and  giving  a  draught  of  the  liquor  every  morning :  it  is  even 
said  to  have  salutary  effects  in  consumptions.  For  a  cold,  it 
is  very  common  to  boil  the  branches  in  water. 

The  Magnolia  glauca  has  long  been  an  acknowledged  fa- 
vourite shrub  in  our  gardens;  and  the  present  variety  possesses 
all  the  beauties  of  that  plant,  with  the  addition  of  retaining  its 
leaves  longer :  it  may  indeed  be  considered  as  an  evergreen, 
many  of  its  leaves  remaining  green  until  the  new  ones  appear. 
Its  habit  of  growth  is  bushy,  and  it  will  attain  the  height  of 
about  twenty  feet,  producing  flowers  plentifully  in  the  month 
of  June,  which  are  white,  particularly  fragrant,  and  nearly 
double.  It  flourishes  best  in  swampy  ground,  but  will  grow 
extremely  well  in  the  American  peat  beds.  It  may  also  be 
recommended  as  an  ornamental  tree  for  the  lawn ;  and  the 
whole  of  the  hardy  Magnolia  tribe  would  become  conspicuous 
intermixed  in  an  Arboretum.  It  is  in  contrast  that  most  trees 
and  shrubs  are  viewed  to  the  greatest  advantage. 

This  species  may  be  propagated  either  by  layers  or  by 
seeds,  but  these  are  not  always  perfected  in  this  country. 
Seeds  are  to  be  obtained  of  the  M.  glauca  from  America, 
which  are  packed  in  sand,  and  should  be  kept  so  until  the 
month  of  February,  when  they  may  be  sown  in  pots,  and 
placed  in  a  moderate  hot-bed  until  about  an  inch  in  height : 
they  should  then  be  put  into  other  pots,  and  kept  partially 
shaded  and  frequently  sprinkled  with  water.  They  may  the 
following  season  be  bedded  out,  or  kept  in  pots  another  year. 

The  nursery  of  Mr.  Thompson  at  MUe  End  presents  fine 
specimens  of  the  different  kinds  of  hardy  Magnolia ;  from 
whence  we  were  favoui'ed  with  the  present  specimen. 


Zirawn  IcE'iinvved  fy  W,  Gar/c  . 


10. 

ANCHUSA   PANICULATA. 

Panicled  Bugloss. 


Pentandria.  Monogynia. 

Class  5.  Order  1. 

Anchusa.  Ayy^ova-a.,  itapa.  To  ayysiv,  from  its  supposed  constrin- 
gent quality  j  or,  as  others  say,  because  it  strangles  serpents. 

Linn.  gen.  n.  182,     Jit.  Hort.  Kew.  1.  177. 

GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

Cal.  Perianth  five-parted,  oblong,  round,  acute,  permanent.  Cor. 
monopelalous,  funnel-shaped  ;  tube  cylindrical,  the  length  of  the 
calyx  J  limb  semiquinquefid,  erect,  expanding,  obtuse  3  throat 
closed  with  five  small  scales,  convex,  prominent,  oblong,  con- 
verging. Stam.  Filaments  very  short,  in  the  throat  of  the  corolla; 
anthers  oblong,  incumbent,  covered.  Pist.  Germs  four.  Style 
filiform,  the  length  of  the  stamens.  Stigma  obtuse,  emarginate. 
Per.  none  ;  but  the  calyx,  enlarged  and  erect,  contains  the  seeds 
in  its  bosom.    Seeds  four,  oblongish,  obtuse,  gibbose. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER. 

Leaves  lanceolate,  strigose,  quite  entire.  Panicle  dichotomous,  di- 
varicate. Flowers  peduncled.  Calyxes  five-parted,  with  subulate 
segments. 


Root  biennial  or  pereimial.     Stem  round,  hirsute ;  branches 
alternate.      Leaves   lanceolate,    entire,    rough,    very   hairy. 


Flower-buds  purple,  on  short  pedicels ;  in  expanding  changes 
to  bright  blue.  Peduncles  hairy.  Calyx  five-parted,  hairy. 
Stamens  on  short  filaments  inserted  on  the  bearded  throat  of 
the  corolla. 

This  plant,  although  introduced  as  far  back  as  1777,  is  by 
no  means  common  in  our  gardens :  this  cannot  be  on  account 
of  a  deficiency  in  point  of  attraction.  The  colour  of  the 
bloom  is  of  a  splendid  blue,  somewhat  approaching  to  purple, 
while  the  bud  is  of  a  most  beautiful  purple.  In  the  herbaceous 
border  it  is  evidently  a  showy  plant ;  it  shoots  up  with  many 
branches  to  the  height  of  about  five  feet,  producing  fine  pe- 
duncles of  flowers  during  the  months  of  May,  June,  and  July. 
It  is  considered  in  many  works  as  a  biennial,  but  it  is  known 
to  last  four  or  five  years:  when  once  established  it  is  not 
very  readily  eradicated,  from  its  dropping  its  seeds,  as  well  as 
from  the  roots  being  so  tenacious  of  life  that  small  pieces  being 
permitted  to  remain  in  the  ground  will  spring  up  and  produce 
plants. 

It  is  a  native  of  Madeira,  and  thrives  best  in  sandy  ground, 
but  will  grow  very  well  in  light  garden  mould.  A  large  spe- 
cimen of  this  plant  may  be  seen  in  the  herbaceous  ground  at 
Chelsea  Botanic  Garden,  where  Mr.  Anderson,  the  curator, 
stated  it  had  thrived  for  many  years.  The  figure  given  here 
was  taken  from  a  specimen  growing  in  a  pot.  It  is  cultivated 
is  some  nurseries  under  the  name  of  Anchusa  italica^  but  this 
is  a  distinct  species. 


KEFEKENCE   TO   THE   PLATE. 

Corolla  cut  open,  showing  the  insertion  of  the  stamens. 


Fl.n 


SroMm  l-Eizffraved  fy  W,  Ciark. 


11. 

PiEONIA   OFFICINALIS   rubra. 
Double  Red  Officinal  Pseony. 


POLYANDRIA.  DiGYNIA. 

Class  13.  Order  2. 

P^ONiA  of  Pliny  j  Fla/ovia  of  Hippocrates  and  Dioscorides  :  from 
Paeon,  a  famous  physician  of  antiquity. 

Linn.  gen.  n.  678.     Linn.  spec.  747. 

GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

Cat.  Perianth  five-leaved,  small,  permanent ;  leaflets  roundish,  con- 
cave, reflex,  unequal  in  size  and  situation.  Cor.  Petals  five, 
roundish,  concave,  narrovi^er  at  the  base,  spreading,  very  large. 
Stam.  Filaments  numerous,  capillary,  short.  Anthers  oblong, 
quadrangular,  erect,  four-celled,  large.  Pist.  Germs  two,  ovate, 
erect,  tomentose.  Styles  none.  Stigmas  compressed,  oblong, 
blunt,  coloured.  Per.  Capsules  as  many,  ovate-oblong,  spreading 
and  reflex,  tomentose,  one-celled,  one-valved,  opening  longitudi- 
nally inwards.  Seeds  several,  oval,  shining,  coloured,  fastened  to 
the  opening  suture. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER. 

Leaves  doubly-pinnate,  sublobed.  Leaflets  oblong,  veined  underneath. 


The  roots  are  composed  of  many  roundish  thick  knobs  or 
tubers,   which  are  attached  to  each  other  by  fibres.     Tlic 

branches  are  about  two  or  two  feet  and  a  half  in  hciffht.  The 

o 


leaves  are  much  lobed,  and  variousl}'  cut  into  segments. 
Flowers  solitary,  large,  and  of  a  fine  deep  crimson. 

Of  the  varieties  of  Paonia  officinalis,  Mr.  Sabine,  in  a  paper 
in  the  Horticultural  Transactions,  vol.  ii.  on  the  double  herba- 
ceous Paonias,  mentions  three — P.  officinalis  rubra,  P.  qffi^ci- 
nalis  carnesce7is,  and  P.  officinalis  albicans.  The  first  of  these 
(which  is  here  figured),  although  seen  in  almost  every  garden, 
should  not  on  that  account  be  omitted  from  a  publication  like 
the  present,  nor  should  it  detract  from  its  merits  as  an  orna- 
mental plant.  Mr.  Sabine  has  observed,  "  It  is  singular  that 
none  of  the  beautiful  tribe  here  noticed  has  been  figured  in 
publications  of  later  years." 

This  plant  is  of  strong  growth,  and  rises  to  the  height  of 
from  two  to  three  feet,  with  numbers  of  beautiful  red  flowers 
appearing  in  the  months  of  May  and  June ;  and  as  it  grows 
freely  in  common  borders,  is  a  desirable  plant  to  add  gaiety 
to  the  shrubbery.  The  roots  are  very  prolific,  in  large  clusters 
of  tubers,  which,  if  separated  in  September  or  early  in  Octo- 
ber, will  flower  the  succeeding  summer,  provided  each  of  the 
tubers  have  eyes  to  shoot  from.  This  variety  being  double, 
and  deficient  of  stamens  and  pistils,  cannot  produce  seeds; 
consequently  can  only  be  increased  by  the  roots.  The  single- 
flowered  of  this  species  is  seldom  cultivated,  and  until  recently 
was  rarely  met  with ;  its  habit  of  growth  is  very  similar  to  the 
double,  but  the  flowers  are  not  so  conspicuous. 

It  is  a  native  of  the  South  of  Europe,  and  was  cultivated 
in  this  country  in  1560.  It  is  supposed  to  be  the  Pceonia 
mentioned  by  Pliny  as  noted  for  its  medicinal  properties. 


FL/: 


Iirawn  irEnpraved  fy  W,  ClarA:. 


^.rm.'f/m.    Pi/A/r'.rf>t//   M,    Cmiff,    ;r/v- „  o^  ^^ /!V-  ^T, i  .•//    {•-i.  >■''•. 


12. 

GENISTA   TRIQUETUA. 

Triangular  Genista. 


DiADELi'HIA.  DeCANDRIA. 

Class  17.  Order  4. 

Genista:  from  genu,  the  kneej  either  because  it  is  flexible,  or  be- 
cause it  is  supposed  to  relieve  pains  in  that  joint. 

Linn.  gen.  n.  859.     ^U.  Hort.  Kew.  3.  14. 

GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

Cal.  Perianth  one-leafed,  small,  tubular,  two-lipped  j  upper  lip  two- 
toothed,  more  deeply  divided  j  lower,  three- toothed,  nearly  equal. 
Cor.  papilionaceous.  Banner  oblong,  remote  from  the  keel,  the 
whole  reflex.  Wings  oblong,  loose,  shorter  than  the  others.  Keel 
straight,  emarginate,  longer  than  the  banner.  Stam.  Filaments 
ten,  connate,  emerging  from  the  keel.  Anthers  simple.  Pist. 
Germ  oblong.  Style  simple,  rising.  Stigma  sharp,  rolled  in. 
Per.  Legume  roundish,  turgid,  one-celled,  two-valved.  Seeds  soli- 
tary, usually  kidney-form. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER. 

Leaves  ternate,  the  upper  ones  simple.  Branches  three-sided,  pro- 
cumbent. 


Branches  flexuose,  green,  trailing  on  the  ground.     Leaves 
trifid,  ovate,  concave.    Flowers  in  clusters,  on  short  pedicels ; 


corolla  papilionaceous;  petals  bright-yellow;  calyx  green. 
Pericarpium  oblong,  one-celled.  Seeds  several,  roundish, 
compressed. 

This  showy  evergreen  trailing  shrub  flowers  in  great  pro- 
fusion over  the  whole  plant,  producing  a  complete  mass  of 
yellow  flowers  during  the  months  of  May  and  June.  In  the 
shrubbery  this  plant  becomes  a  conspicuous  figure :  its  long 
and  pliant  branches  in  their  natural  position  trailing  along 
the  ground,  form  an  excellent  fore-ground  to  more  lofty 
shrubs;  and  if  supported  by  stakes  will  materially  enrich 
the  body  of  the  shrubbery  itself.  Other  species  of  this  genus, 
such  as  G.  sagittalis,  G.  pilosa,  G.  anglica,  and  G.  procum- 
bens,  though  of  the  same  habit  of  growth  with  the  triquetral 
but  smaller  and  more  delicate  both  in  their  nature  and  appear- 
ance, will  not  flourish  when  tied  to  a  stake,  and  will  there- 
fore add  to  the  beauty  of  the  front  of  the  shrubbery  alone. 
The  triquetra  wiU  grow  luxuriantly  in  light  garden  mould, 
and  will  at  times  perfect  its  seeds ;  but  may  very  readily  be 
propagated  by  laying,  which  process  should  be  performed 
early  in  April. 

It  is  a  native  of  Spain,  France,  and  Italy ;  was  introduced 
in  1748. 


REFERENCE    TO    THE    PLATE. 

Calyx,  stamens  and  pistil,  magnified. 


/J. 


Drawn  t  Enp': 


Zo?tAm,fudlcshed  iry  STrutA,  Eid, 


''!■*;  .ZirA: 


Cfes.CcrnAM.  Oci^ISSd. 


13. 

P.EONIA   MOUTAN. 

Shrubby  Pceony. 


POLYANDRIA^  DiGYNIA. 

Class  13.  Order  2. 

GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

(Vide  Paonia  officinalis  rubra.  PI,  11.) 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER. 

Stem  woody,  perennial.  Leaflets  oblong,  ovate,  glaucous,  and  some- 
what hairy  beneath  ;  the  terminal  one  three-lobed.  Germens  nu- 
merous, distinct. 


Branches  shrubby  and  numerous,  forming  a  handsome  bush 
of  the  height  of  from  six  to  ten  feet.  Leaves  on  long  stalks, 
alternate,  spreading,  and  deciduous;  leaflets  ternate  in  an 
opposite  direction,  lobed,  veined,  and  glaucous  underneath; 
the  terminal  leaflets  three-lobed.  Leaf-buds  scaly,  of  a  fine 
pink  colour.  Flowers  terminating  the  branches,  solitary,  from 
five  to  eight  or  even  ten  inches  in  diameter,  always  double, 
composed  of  many  jagged  rose-coloured  petals :  the  stamens 
appear  partially  in  the  centre  of  the  flower ;  anthers  yellow ; 
germs  uncertain  in  their  appearance.  The  flower  possesses  a 
rather  sickly  odour. 

Among  the  Chinese,  a  doubt  exists  concerning  the  origin  of 
this  magnificent  shrub :  some  writers  suppose  it  to  have  been 
obtained  from  the  common  Paeony  by  a  particular  process  of 
culture ;  others  affirm,  with  more  probability,  that  it  was  dis- 
covered growing  in  the  mountains  of  Northern  China ;  that 
after  its  introduction  into  the  southern  provinces  it  became  a 
general  favourite  among  the  florists,  and  that  numerous  va- 
rieties were  consequently  raised.  So  much  prized  were  some 
of  these,  that  they  sold  in  China  for  a  hundred  ounces  of  gold. 


It  is  very  generally  cultivated,  and  flourishes  in  the  province 
of  Lo-Yang.  In  England  there  are  but  two  species  of  the 
shrubby  Paeony, — that  which  is  here  figured  and  P.papavera- 
cea,  which  has  a  large  single  flower,  and  was  introduced  by 
Sir  Abraham  Hume.  Of  P.  Moutan  a  variety  has  been  ob- 
tained which  is  named  P.  Moutan  rosea:  it  differs  in  the 
flowers,  which  are  of  a  somewhat  darker  red.  Notwithstand- 
ing the  exertions  of  many  botanists  who  have  sent  collectors 
to  China,  numerous  varieties  of  this  beautiful  shrub  have  not 
yet  been  obtained.  These  varieties  are  frequently  depicted  by 
the  Chinese  in  various  ornamental  branches  of  art,  as  double 
flowers  in  the  different  colours  of  pink,  purple,  crimson,  yellow, 
and  white ;  but  the  jealousy  which  the  Chinese  have  ever  en- 
tertained towards  the  English,  and  indeed  towards  foreigners 
generally,  has  hitherto  frustrated  the  arduous  exertions  of 
botanists  to  obtain  these  splendid  ornaments.  The  cunning  and 
duplicity  of  the  Chinese  are  such,  that  many  specimens  which 
have  been  imported  as  new,  have  proved  on  flowering  to  be 
such  only  as  were  already  possessed  by  this  country.  There 
ai'e,  however,  some  imported  plants  of  this  shrub  having  the  ap- 
pearance of  novelty  now  in  the  possession  of  the  Horticultural 
Society,  who  have  with  much  zeal  endeavoured  to  obtain  some 
of  the  valuable  incognita  of  that  country.  The  Mouta7i  may 
truly  be  accounted  one  of  the  most  ornamental  shrubs  in 
our  gardens :  it  is  sufficiently  hardy  to  stand  the  winters  of 
this  country.  The  spring  of  the  year,  when  it  puts  forth  its 
shoots,  is  the  time  it  is  susceptible  of  injury  from  the  Aveather, 
when  the  covering  of  a  mat  at  night  will  be  found  a  sufficient 
guard.  The  flowers,  which  appear  during  the  months  of  May 
and  June,  give  splendour  to  the  shrub,  not  only  by  their  indi- 
vidual beauty,  but  by  their  great  profusion. 

This  shrub  thrives  best  in  a  situation  somewhat  sheltered, 
and  in  earth  composed  of  a  rich  loam,  rotten  leaves,  and  a 
small  portion  of  sand.  It  is  propagated  by  laying,  early  in  the 
spring ;  and  in  the  autumn  of  the  following  year  the  layers 
may  be  taken  off"  and  potted.  If  these  have  a  little  protection 
by  frames  during  the  succeeding  winter,  and  are  kept  one 
year  in  pots,  they  will  become  fine  established  plants,  and  may 
with  safety  be  planted  in  the  shrubbery  or  pleasure-ground. 

This  plant  was  introduced  by  the  late  Sir  Joseph  13anks  in 
1794. 


Fl.  /4. 


Z>rxtm  kSriff  raved  l>y  W,  Cla.rk 


Zmdmi.Poiiii>he4f  io' Sfncik./ddfri;  C?  SS.  CamAO^.  OaTiSZi 


14. 

LINUM   NARBONENSE. 

Narbonne  Flax. 


Pentandrta.  Pentagynia. 

Class  5.  Order  5. 

LiNUM  (Aivov  of  Dioscorides,  Theophrastus,  and  other  Greek  au- 
thors) appears  to  be  derived  from  Xivstv,  to  hold;  the  fibres  of  this 
plant  being  so  remarkable  for  their  tenacity. 

Linn.  gen.  n.  389.     Linn.  spec.  398.     Linn.  syst.  302. 

GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

Cal.  Perianth  five-leaved,  lanceolate,  upright,  small,  permanent.  Cor. 
funnel-form.  Petals  five,  oblong,  gradually  wider  above,  obtuse, 
Stam.  Filaments  five,  awl-shaped,  upright,  length  of  the  calyx. 
Anthers  simple,  arrowed.  Pist.  Germ  ovate.  Styles  five,  filiform, 
upright,  length  of  the  stamens.  Stigmas  simple,  reflex.  Per.  Cap- 
sule globose,  rudely  pentagonal,  ten-valved,  gaping  at  the  tip. 
Partitions  membranaceous,  very  thin,  connecting  the  valves.  Seeds 
solitary,  ovate-flattish,  acuminated,  smooth. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER. 

Calyxes  acuminate.  Leaves  lanceolate,  stiff,  rugged,  acuminate. 
Stem  round,  branched  at  the  base.     Filaments  connate. 


Stem  from  a  foot  to  eighteen  inches  in  height,  branching 
out  almost  to  the  bottom  with  many  long  slender  branches. 
Flowers  at  the  extremity  of  the  branches  of  a  fine  blue  colour. 
The  seed-vessels  are  small;  calyxes  large,  lanceolate,  membra- 


naceous  at  the  sides,  most  exquisitely  acuminate  at  the  top, 
and  having  a  sort  of  awl-shaped  dagger-point.  The  root  is 
perennial. 

Some  of  the  species  of  this  genus  are  in  the  highest  estima- 
tion for  their  utility,  from  the  herbage  being  applied  to  the 
manufacture  of  linen  cloth,  while  the  seeds  afford  a  valuable 
oil.  The  Narbonensei  though  too  small  and  delicate  to  afford 
either  of  these  necessaries  to  mankind,  may  nevertheless  claim 
some  share  of  esteem  as  an  ornamental  herbaceous  plant ;  no 
Other  of  the  genus  can  be  considered  to  surpass  it  for  bril- 
liancy of  colour :  the  bright  and  lively  blue  of  the  flowers, 
added  to  the  succession  of  blooms  it  produces,  renders  it  worthy 
of  being  intermixed  in  the  herbaceous  border  with  other  deh- 
Gate  plants  of  the  same  height  of  growth.  It  is  slender  in 
habit,  will  thrive  extremely  well  in  light  garden  mould,  and 
is  readily  propagated  by  seeds  or  by  cuttings.  It  was  intro- 
duced into  this  country  in  1759. 

The  figure  here  represented  was  drawn  from  a  specimen 
flowering  in  the  herbaceous  border  at  Mr.  Knight's  Exotic 
Nursery,  King's  Road,  Chelsea. 


BEFEKENCES    TO    THE    PLATE. 

i .  Showing  the  stamens  enveloping  the  germ. 
2.  The  pistils  exposed. 


*^*  Since  the  publication  of  Rhododendron  arhoreum,  Plate  7,  we 
have  been  informed  that  a  plant  of  this  species  flowered  in  July  last 
in  the  conservatory  of  M.  Boursault,  Rue-blanc,  Paris^  and  was  there 
supposed  to  have  been  the  first  which  had  flowered  in  Europe. 


rrm\\, 


15. 

GLADIOLUS   CARDINALIS. 

Superb  Corn  Flag. 


Triandria.  Monogynia. 

Class  3.  Order  1. 

Gladiolus,  mentioned  by  Pliny  j  supposed  to  have  derived  this  name 
from  gladius,  a  sword,  aUuding  to  the  shape  of  the  leaf. 

Linn.  gen.  n.  57. 

GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

Cal.  a  spathe,  two-valved,  inferior,  shorter  than  the  corolla ;  valves 
oblong,  permanent ;  the  outer  one  larger,  inclosing  the  inner.  Cor. 
one-petaled,  superior  ;  tube  cylindric,  bent ;  border  somewhat 
bell -shaped,  six-parted ;  segments  oblong,  form  erect-patulous, 
the  uppermost  and  lowest  lateral,  either  without  or  within.  Stam. 
Filaments  three,  inserted  into  the  orifice  of  the  tube,  filifoiin, 
shorter  than  the  corolla.  Anthers  ovate,  incumbent.  Pist.  Germ 
inferior,  triangular.  Style  filiform.  Stigmas  three,  rolled  back 
and  spreading,  blunt,  villose.  Per.  Capsule  ovate,  three-cornered, 
blunt,  three-celled,  three-valved.     Seeds  very  many,  smooth. 

SPECIFIC   CHARACTER. 

Leaves  sword-shaped,  many-nerved.  Flowers  all  directed  the  same 
way,  many  on  a  stem.    Corolla  upright,  with  a  bell-shaped  border. 


Root  solid,  round,  covered  with  a  brown  membrane.  Stem 
round,  about  two  feet  in  height ;  leaves  embracing  the  stem 
at  bottom ;  flowers  on  the  extremity  of  the  stem  on  one  side 
of  it,  in  great  numbers,  of  a  fine  scarlet,  with  a  large  white 


spot  on  each  of  the  three  upper  segments  of  the  petal :  spathe 
green,  enveloping  the  flower  before  it  opens,  and  remaining 
after  the  flower  has  withered. 

The  beauties  of  this  species  cannot  be  surpassed  by  any  in 
the  genus;  and  from  the  root  being  hardy,  it  is  rendered  still 
more  desirable.  It  was  until  lately  in  the  possession  of  such 
only  as  could  protect  it  in  a  greenhouse.  This,  as  well  as 
many  other  bulbous  roots,  natives  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope, 
have  been  proved  to  endure  the  winter  of  this  country,  and 
thrive  extremely  well,  by  the  treatment  adopted  by  the  Hon. 
and  Rev.  Wm.  Herbert  at  Spofforth.  The  method  of  pre- 
serving the  roots  is  to  plant  them  in  a  dry  south  border  of 
light  open  and  sandy  earth,  and  in  the  winter  to  protect  them 
with  a  covering  of  leaves.  They  should  be  planted  early  in 
the  spring,  that  the  bulbs  may  mature  themselves  in  the  spot 
where  they  are  to  pass  the  winter :  it  is  very  essential  that  the 
roots  be  well  ripeiied.  With  these  precautions  there  is  little 
fear  of  their  succeeding.  Where  the  roots  are  well  established, 
they  will  produce  stems  from  two  to  three  feet  in  height  with 
a  profusion  of  flowers,  which,  from  the  opposition  of  scarlet 
and  white,  become  truly  interesting,  and  vie  in  splendour 
with  any  of  the  bulbous  tribe. 

"  The  passing  Indian  turns  the  admiring  eye, 
Smit  by  the  glories  of  her  crimson  dye." 

This  plant  is  readily  increased  by  the  roots,  the  separating 
of  which  should  be  done  early  in  the  spring ;  and  it  is  better 
that  the  roots  should  remain  in  the  border  during  the  winter, 
provided  it  be  tolerably  dry,  rather  than  be  taken  up.  It  was 
introduced  from  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  in  1 790. 

This  figure  was  taken  from  a  bed  of  luxuriant  bulbs  of 
this  plant  at  Messrs.  Whitley,  Brames,  and  Milne's  Nursery, 
Fulham. 


REFERENCE    TO    THE    PLATE. 

Section  showing  the  position  of  the  stamens  and  pistil. 


Z'r-iii/!  HrEn^rmd  fy  TV,  Clark . 


7=., /!/,..*„,/  U.,    O^.r-A    n-/.-/,-^  t^ro  /fK  nifnJt.'//   .Or/":  J,K 


IG. 

PHLOX   CARNEA. 

Pale  Lychnidea. 


Pentandria.  Monogynia. 

Class  5.  Order  1, 

FiiLOx.  4>Ao^  of  Theophrastus,  meaning  ajlame;  supposed  to  be  so 
named  from  the  brightness  of  the  flowers  of  some  of  the  species. 
Dodonseus  supposed  that  <pXo^  used  by  Theophrastus  applied  to  the 
Viola  tricolor ;  but  this  term  has  been  more  generally  applied  to 
Lychnis,  Agrostemma,  or  Phlox. 

Linn.  gen.  n.  214. 

GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

Cat.  Perianth  one-leafed,  cylindrical,  ten-cornered,  five-toothed, acute, 
permanent.  Cor.  one-petaled,  valve-shaped  ;  tube  cylindrical, 
longer  than  the  calyx,  narrower  below,  curved  in  ;  border  flat, 
five-parted  ;  segments  equal,  blunt,  shorter  than  the  tube.  Stam. 
Filaments  five,  within  the  tube  of  the  corolla,  two  longer,  one 
shorter.  Anthers  in  the  throat  of  the  corolla.  Pist.  Germ,  coni- 
cal. Style  filiform,  the  length  of  the  stamens.  Stigma  trifid,  acute. 
Per.  Capsule  ovate,  three-cornered,  three-celled,  three-valved. 
Seeds  solitary,  ovate. 

SPECIFIC    character. 

Leaves  lanceolate,  smooth.     Stem  smooth.     Flowers  many. 


Root  fibrous,  perennial;  stem  herbaceous,  rising  to  the  height 
of  eighteen  inches,  on  which  the  leaves  are  seated  in  pairs 
arranged  opposite,  sitting  close  to  the  stalk,  smooth,  entire, 


and  midrib  evident :  the  stem  is  terminated  with  dichotomous 
flower-stalks.  Calyx  five-parted,  awl-shaped,  permanent  seg- 
ments. Corolla  pale  pink,  monopetalous,  five-parted.  Stamens 
shorter  than  the  corolla,  and  seated  in  the  throat. 

All  the  species  of  this  beautiftil  genus  are  well  worthy  of  cul- 
tivation :  the  individual  beauty  of  each  is  so  decided,  that  it  is 
unnecessary  to  select  or  point  out  any  as  the  most  attractive. 
The  P.  car7iea,  here  represented,  possesses  a  considerable  de- 
gree of  delicacy  in  colour,  which  partakes  in  some  degree  of  an 
intermediate  tone  between  the  reds,purples,  and  blues,  of  others 
of  this  genus.  In  still  further  recommendation  of  this  orna- 
mental  herbaceous  plant,  its  style  of  growth  is  interesting,  and 
its  flowers  continue  in  succession  during  the  months  of  June 
and  July.  It  flourishes  in  a  border  of  rich  mellow  earth,  rotten 
leaves,  and  garden  mould ;  it  sometimes  requires  watering  in 
the  summer  season,  excessive  drought  being  injurious.  It 
may  be  propagated  by  cuttings,  or  by  separating  the  root;  the 
former  method  is  preferable.  The  cuttings  should  be  taken 
about  the  end  of  June,  and  must  be  the  young  shoots  near  the 
surface  of  the  ground  :  if  they  be  placed  under  a  hand-glass, 
kept  partially  shaded  for  a  short  time,  and  occasionally  watered, 
they  will  strike  freely,  and  become  good  plants  for  bedding 
out  the  following  spring. 

This  plant  was  introduced  in  1816.  The  figure  was  taken 
from  Messrs.  Buckingham  and  Chandler's  Nursery,  Vauxhall. 


KEFERENCES    TO    THE    PLATE. 

1.  Corolla  cut  oj)enj  showing  the  insertion  of  the  stamens. 

2.  Calyx  and  pistil. 


=/.  /;■ 


Drawn  i:£7iffraved  fy  W,  Clark. 


17. 

AZALEA   PONTICA. 
Yellow  Azalea. 


Pentandria.  Monogynia. 

Class  5,  Order  1. 

Azalea  :  A^aXso;,  dry ;  from  its  growing  in  a  dry  soil. 

Linn.  gen.  n.  212.     Linn.  spec.  16G9. 

GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

Cat.  Perianth  five-parted^  acute,  erect,  small,  coloured,  permanent. 
Cor.  monopetalous,  bell-shaped,  semiquinquefid  ;  the  sides  of  the 
divisions  bent  in.  Stam.  Filaments  five,  filiform,  inserted  into  the 
receptacle,  free.  Anthers  simple.  Fist.  Germ  roundish.  Style 
filiform,  the  length  of  the  corolla,  permanent.  Stigma  obtuse. 
Per.  Capsule  roundish,  five-celled,  five-valved.  Seeds  many, 
roundish. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER. 

Leaves  shining,  lanceolate,  smooth  on  both  sides  ;  racemes  terminal. 


Stems  branching,  woody,  rising  to  the  height  of  from  six  to 
eight  feet  in  tliis  country.  Leaves  green,  tinged  with  brown 
on  tlieir  upper  surface,  oblong,  and  alteinate.  The  flowers 
are  yellow,  in  clusters,  at  the  extremity  of  the  branches ;  co- 
rolla tubed,  opening  at  the  top  into  five  segments ;  the  stamens 
and  pistil  projecting  beyond  the  corolla.  Anthers  simple,  with 
pollen  of  a  rich  brown.  Style  filiform,  extending  beyond  the 
stamens.     Stigma  obtuse,  green. 

This  splendid  family  of  shrubs  is  of  modern  introduction 
into  the  gardens  of  this  country.     The  beauty  not  only  of  the 


many  hardy  species  of  this  genus,  but  of  the  numerous  varie- 
ties that  art  has  produced,  entitle  these  shrubs  to  rank  among 
the  most  ornamental  plants  that  decorate  the  garden ;  indeed 
they  already  appear  conspicuous  in  evei-y  good  collection. 
The  A.  pontica,  together  with  a  fine  white  variety  that  has 
been  raised  from  it,  may  be  recommended  for  their  delightful 
odour  as  well  as  for  their  beauty.  Assemblages  of  the  species 
and  varieties  of  this  shrub  produce  most  pleasing  effects  in  ap- 
propriate parts  of  the  pleasure-ground ;  the  numerous  shades 
of  red,  scarlet,  pink,  white,  and  orange,  which  these  flowers 
afford  during  the  months  of  May  and  June,  produce  a  sort  of 
enchantment  upon  the  beholder. 

"  But  who  can  paint 

Like  Nature  ?     Can  imagination  boast. 
Amid  its  gay  creation,  hues  like  hers  ? 
Or  can  it  mix  them  with  that  matchless  skill. 
And  lose  them  in  each  other,  as  appears 
In  every  bud  that  blows?" 

In  the  American  borders,  among  the  Kalmia^  Uliododcndron^ 
and  others  of  this  beautiful  tribe,  the  Azalea  will  be  found 
highly  ornamental. 

Some  singular  accounts  have  been  given  respecting  the 
medicinal  properties  of  A.  pontica.  Professor  Pallas  relates, 
that  bees  frequenting  the  flowers  of  this  plant  produce  honey 
supposed  to  be  narcotic ;  and  that  cows,  goats,  and  sheep,  have 
been  poisoned  in  consequence  of  feeding  on  its  leaves.  It  is 
said  in  the  journals  of  Mr.  Anthony  Hove,  that  a  Tartarian 
farmer  subsisted  entirely  upon  the  profits  of  honey  produced 
by  bees  from  this  plant,  which  he  sold  at  Constantinople  and 
other  parts  of  Turkey  for  medicinal  uses. 

The  hardy  Azaleas  are  all  deciduous  shrubs,  and  flower 
during  the  months  of  May  and  June :  they  are  propagated  by 
seeds  and  by  layers.  The  latter  process  is  the  more  expeditious; 
for  the  plants  thus  raised  will  frequently  flower  the  first  year 
after  being  removed  from  the  shoot  or  mother-plant. 

The  A.  pontica  is  a  native  of  Pontus,  and  was  introduced 
in  1793. 


Fl.  /c?. 


jOraim  trEngToved  fy  W,  Clarfc  ■ 


18. 

CriELONE   BAIIBATA. 
Bearded  Chelone. 


DiDYNAMIA.  AnGIOSPERMIA. 

Class  14.  Order  2. 

Chelone  :  from  p^gAcuvij,  a  tortoise;  supposed  to  be  from  the  corolla 
bearing  some  resemblance  to  the  vaulted  form  of  the  tortoise- 
shell. 

Linn.  gen.  n.  748. 

GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

Cal.  Perianth  one-leafed,  five-parted,  very  short,  permanent;  divisions 
erect,  ovate.  Cor.  monopetalous,  ringent.  Tube  cylindric,  very 
short.  Throat  inflated,  oblong,  convex  above,  flat  beneath.  Border 
closed,  small.  Upper  lip  obtuse,  emarginate  ;  lower  almost  equal 
to  the  upper,  very  slightly  trifid.  Stam.  Filaments  four,  hid  be- 
neath the  back  of  the  corolla.  Anthers  incumbent.  The  rudiment 
of  a  fifth  filament,  like  the  point  of  a  dagger,  between  the  upper 
pair  of  stamens.  Pist.  Germ  ovate.  Style  filiform,  situation  and 
length  of  the  stamens.  Stigma  obtuse.  Per.  Capsule  ovate,  two- 
celled,  longer  than  the  calyx.  Seeds  very  many,  roundish,  sur- 
rounded with  a  membranous  wing. 

SPECIFIC    CIIAKACTER. 

Root-leaves  petioled,  spatulate-lanceolate,  quite  entire.  Stem-leaves 
lanceolate,  sessile  :  peduncles  long ;  lower  tip  of  the  corolla 
bearded. 


Root  perennial.    Leaves  opposite.    Flowers  scarlet,  nodding 
in  a  terminal  panicle ;  partial  peduncles  two,  three,  or  four- 


flowered ;  segments  of  the  calyx  obtuse ;  lower  lip  of  the  co- 
rolla with  three  acute  reflexed  segments ;  inner  part  of  the 
throat  clothed  with  a  dense  yellow  pubescence. 

The  delicacy  and  grace  of  this  herbaceous  plant  will  ever 
be  found  sufficient  to  induce  the  lovers  of  flowers  to  give  it  a 
conspicuous  place  in  the  herbaceous  border.  The  singular 
formation  and  pendent  position  of  its  little  tubular  flowers, 
the  handsome  pyramidical  form  produced  by  each  stalk,  and 
the  height  to  which  the  centre  stalk  of  the  established  plant 
will  rise,  often  six  feet,  surrounded  by  other  stalks  of  weaker 
and  shorter  growth,  producing  a  succession  of  blooms  for 
nearly  two  months,  render  this  plant  truly  interesting. 

It  thrives  well  in  common  garden  mould,  but  will  grow 
luxuriantly  with  a  portion  of  loam.  As  it  does  not  perfect  its 
seeds  in  this  country,  it  must  be  increased  by  dividing  the 
root,  or  by  cuttings ;  which  latter  method  will  answer  very 
well  by  taking  the  young  shoots  and  placing  the  cuttings 
under  a  hand-glass. 

It  is  a  native  of  Chili,  and  was  introduced  in  1793. 


KEFERENCES    TO    THE    PLATE. 

1 .  Corolla  cut  open,  showing  the  insertion  of  the  stamens  j  and 

barren  filament. 

2,  Pistil  and  calyx. 


n.  /<?. 


SrcLKn  S:  Engraved  fy  W,  Clark. 


19. 

LUPINUS   NOOTKATENSIS. 

Nootka-Sound  Lupine. 


DiADELPHIA.  DECANOrUA. 

Class  17.  Older  4. 

Lupixus  :  so  named  by  Pliny  and  other  ancient  writers.  Vossius 
gives  the  derivation  of  this  name  from  liiptts,  a  wolf  3  because  plants 
of  this  genus  ravage  the  ground  by  overrunning  it  after  the  manner 
of  that  animal : — or  from  Ku-ffr],  grirf;  whence  Virgil's  epithet,  tristes 
lupini ;  from  the  fanciful  idea  of  its  acrid  juices  when  tasted  pro- 
ducing a  sorrowful  appearance  in  the  countenance. 

Linn.  gen.  n.  8C5. 

GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

Cat.  Perianth  one-leafed,  bifid.  Cor.  papilionaceous.  Banner  cor- 
date-roundish, emarginate,  bent  back  at  the  sides,  compressed. 
Wings  subovate,  almost  the  length  of  the  banner,  not  fastened  to 
the  keel,  converging  below.  Keel  two-parted  at  the  base,  sickle- 
shaped  upwards,  acuminate,  entire,  the  length  of  the  wings,  nar- 
rower. Stain.  Filaments  ten,  united,  somewhat  ascending,  distinct 
above.  Anthers  five,  roundish,  and  as  many  oblong,  Pist.  Germ 
awl-shaped,  compressed,  villose.  Style  awl-shaped,  ascending. 
Stigma  terminating,  blunt.  Per.  Legume  large,  oblong,  coriaceous, 
compressed,  acuminate,  one-celled.  Seeds  several,  roundish,  com- 
pressed. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER. 

Flowers  in  whorls.     Leaves  and  stem  villose. 


Root  perennial.     Stem  fi'oni  eighteen  inches  to  two  feet  in 
height,  closely  covered  with  a  fine  hairiness.    Leaves  on  foot- 


stalks,  divided  into  eight  or  ten  digitate  leaflets,  terminating 
in  points,  and  of  a  dark  green,  veined,  and  minutely  haired. 
The  flowers  in  whorls  rormd  the  peduncle,  and  continue 
opening  in  succession,  commencing  at  the  bottom. 

L.  Nootkatensis  and  L.  perennis  are  the  only  hardy  herba- 
ceous perennials  in  the  genus ;  the  others  are  annuals.  The 
Nootkatensis  is  a  showy  plant  for  the  herbaceous  ground  as 
well  as  for  the  front  of  the  shrubbery,  as  it  will  readily  esta- 
blish itself  in  common  borders,  and  flowers  freely  in  the  month 
of  June.  It  differs  in  style  of  growth  from  the  annual  species, . 
being  more  compact  in  habit,  brighter  in  coloui*,  and  more 
decided  in  the  opposition  of  the  blue  and  white.  It  grows 
about  two  feet  and  a  half  in  height.  Where  this  plant  is 
established,  the  seeds  which  drop  will  produce  numerous 
young  plants,  provided  the  ground  be  not  disturbed :  should 
an  increase  be  required,  these  may  be  transplanted  into  beds 
in  the  spring,  and  the  following  year  they  will  flower. 

This  plant  was  introduced  in  1 795  :  it  is  a  native  of  Nootka- 
Sound,  from  whence  has  originated  its  specific  name. 


REFERENCE    TO    THE    PLATE. 

Calyx,  stamens,  and  pistil^  magnified. 


Fl.  2C. 


Drtrtm  laJingrmid  Iry  W,  Clark. 


20. 

TIGRIDTA   OXYPETALA. 

Sharp-petaled  Tiger-flower. 


MONADELPHIA.  TrIANDRIA. 

Class  1  6.  Order  1 . 

TiGRiDiA  :  from  the  petals  being  spotted  like  a  tiger. 

GENEKIC    CHARACTER. 

Cal,  Spathes  one  or  two-flowered.  Cor.  Petals  regularly  divided  into 
six  J  three  exterior  large  and  ovate,  three  interior  smaller  and 
seated  round  the  base.  Stam.  Filaments  three,  attached,  forming 
a  tube  round  the  pistil.  Anthers  oblong.  Pist.  Germ  long,  three- 
cornered.  Style  simple,  erect.  Stigmas  three.  Pe7\  Capsule  ob- 
long, three-cornered,  three-celled,  three-valved.  Seeds  numerous, 
roundish. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER. 

Glaucous ;  segments  of  the  corolla  ovate,  acute.  Style  somewhat 
longer  than  the  anthers  j  divisions  of  the  stigma  clavate. 


Root  bulbous,  producing  stems  about  eighteen  inches  high. 
Leaves  plaited,  sheathing  the  stem  at  the  base,  sometimes  longer 
than  the  stem.  Spathe  two-leaved,  compressed,  containing 
one  or  two  flowers ;  corolla  formed  somewhat  like  a  cup.  Tlie 
petals  are  six  in  number,  alternately  large  and  small,  and 
are  longer  and  more  pointed  than  in  T.  pavonia,  in  whicli 
the  segments  are  cuneiform  and  acuminate,  the  style  shorter 
than  the  anthers,  and  the  divisions  of  the  stigma  subulate.  In 
T.  oxypetala  the  style  rises  above  the  anthers. 


This  splendid  though  curious  plant  was  last  year  introduced 
from  Mexico  into  this  country.  The  rich  orange-coloured 
petals,  studded  with  dark-crimson  irregular  spots  in  the  cup, 
will  certainly  cause  it  to  be  ranked  for  beauty  at  least  on  a 
par  with,  if  not  superior  to,  the  T.  pavonia^  which  has  long 
been  an  acknowledged  favourite.  In  groups,  these  flowers 
will  give  considerable  splendour  to  the  garden  ;  singly,  their 
beauty  might  be  lost :  intermixed  groups  of  the  two  species 
would  have  a  truly  brilliant  appearance.  These  two  bulbs  are 
alike  hardy,  and  produce  their  fleeting  blossoms  about  the 
same  season,  from  the  beginning  of  July  until  late  in  the  au- 
tumn. Were  it  not  for  a  succession  of  bloom,  the  Tigridia, 
notwithstanding  its  beauty,  would  fail  to  excite  the  interest 
of  the  botanist  or  the  amateur ;  for  the  flowers  no  sooner  ex- 
pose themselves  to  view,  than  they  begin  to  fade :  a  sultry 
day  shortens  the  showy  reign  of  this  ephemeral  flower  to  a  few 
hours ;  its  transitory  existence  impresses  the  beholder  with 
regret,  who  cannot 

"  unpitying  see  the  flowery  race. 

Shed  by  the  morn,  their  new-flushed  bloom  resign 
Before  the  parching  beam." 

This  plant  may  be  increased  in  the  same  manner  as  T.  pa- 
vonia,  by  seeds  and  by  roots :  the  bulbs  flower  much  better  if 
forwarded  in  pots  ere  they  be  planted  out.  In  the  autumn  they 
should  be  taken  out  of  the  ground  and  placed  in  a  dry  and 
airy  situation,  and  protected  against  frost. 

The  r.  oxypetala  has  this  season  flowered  and  perfected  its 
seeds  at  the  nursery  of  Messrs.  Allen  and  Rogers,  King's 
Road,  from  whence  the  drawing  of  the  present  figure  was 
made. 


Fl.ii 


2>ntwn  tEn^ravtd  by  W,  Clark. 


L.mdcn.I'idlMedh'  3.B,WAttMcer.Av/M<maXane.Pei-^JSif  ■ 


21. 

BIGNONIA   RADICANS. 

Ash-leaved  Trumpet-flower. 


DiDYNAMIA.  AnGIOSPERMIA. 

Class  14.  Order  2. 

BiGNONiA  :  SO  named  by  Tournefort  in  compliment  to  Abb^  Bignon, 
librarian  to  Louis  XIV, 

Lin7i.  gen.  n.  759.     Litm.  spec.  871. 

GENERIC    CUARACTER. 

Cal.  Perianth  one-leafed,  erect,  cup-form,  five-cleft.  Cor.  mono- 
petalous,  campanulate.  Tube  very  small,  the  length  of  the  calyx. 
Throat  very  long,  ventricose  beneath,  oblong-campanulate.  Border 
five-parted,  the  two  upper  divisions  reflex,  lower  patulous.  Stam. 
Filaments  four,  subulate,  shorter  than  the  corolla;  two  longer  than 
the  other  two.  Anthers  reflex,  oblong,  as  it  were  doubled.  Pist. 
Germ  oblong.  Style  filiform,  situation  and  form  of  the  stamens. 
Stigma  capitate.  Per.  Silique  two-celled,  two-valved ;  partition 
membranaceous,  parallel,  thickened  at  the  sutures.  Seeds  very 
many,  imbricate,  compressed  ;  membrane  winged  on  both  sides. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER, 

Leaves  pinnate;  leaflets  gashed,     Sfem  with  rooting  joints. 


Branches  long  and  pliant,  putting  out  fibres  at  their  joints 
for  the  purpose  of  attaching  themselves  to  whatever  they  are 
growing  upon.  Leaves  opposite  at  every  joint.  Leaflets  in 
four  pairs,  terminating  by  an  odd  one ;  they  are  serrate,  and 


end  in  a  long  sharp  point.  The  flowers  are  produced  at  the 
end  of  the  shoots  of  the  same  year,  in  large  bunches ;  they 
liave  long  swelling  tubes  shaped  somewhat  like  a  trumpet, 
whence  this  plant  has  the  appellation  of  Trumpet-flower. 
The  corolla  is  orange. 

This  climbing  shrub  possesses  peculiar  attractions.  The 
splendour  of  the  large  and  numerous  panicles  of  flowers  of 
various  shades  of  pink  and  orange  with  whicli  it  is  adorned 
during  the  month  of  August,  is  sufficient  to  call  forth  the  ad- 
miration of  the  lover  of  the  flower-garden.  The  luxuriant 
growth  of  its  branches  will  be  found  serviceable  for  the  pur- 
pose of  obscuring  offensive  walls,  particularly  if  intermixed 
with  climbing  evergreens;  the  flowers  of  many  of  which, 
being  much  less  showy,  are  nearly  lost  at  the  height  to  which 
these  plants  are  at  times  required  to  be  trained.  The  splendid 
flowers  of  the  B.  radicans  will  therefore  enhance  the  value  of 
such  collections  of  climbers;  and  the  flowers  of  each  shrub 
will  add  materially  to  the  delicacy,  beauty,  and  brilliancy  of 
each  other. 

This  shrub  is  a  native  of  North  America,  and  was  intro- 
duced in  le^O.  It  is  hardy,  and  may  be  propagated  by 
layers  or  by  pieces  of  the  root :  these  should  be  put  in  about 
the  beginning  of  April.  The  roots  should  be  kept  in  pots  for 
one  year,  when  they  may  be  planted  out.  A  light  sandy  earth 
will  be  found  most  congenial  to  the  growth  of  this  shrub, 
M'hich  should  be  planted  against  a  south  or  south-east  wall. 

This  figure  was  drawn  from  a  flourishing  specimen  which 
flowered  abundantly  against  the  garden  wall  at  Claremont. 


REFERENCES    TO    THE    PLATE, 

1 .  Part  of  the  corolla  removed,  showing  the  position  of  the  stamens 

with  the  barren  filament. 

2.  Pistil. 


DntKn  &r£n4^raved  iy  W,  C/ar/c. 


2*2.  Jiiniq 

ACONITUM    VARIEGATUM. 

Variegated  Wolf's-Bane. 


ififiiiuxiiL  ^ 

POLYANDRIA.  TrIGYNIA. 

Class  13.  Order  3. 

AcoNiTUM  :  supposed  to  have  been  derived  from  Aconae,  a  city  of 
Bithynia,  where  it  grew  in  great  abundance. 

Linn.  gen.  n.  682.     Linn.  spec.  750, 


GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

Cat.  none.  Cor.  Petals  five,  unequal,  opposite  in  pairs,  1.  The 
highest  helmet-tubed,  inverted,  the  back  upwards,  obtuse  ;  the  top 
reflected  to  the  base,  acuminate,  to  which  top  the  connecting  base 
is  opposite.  2,  3.  The  two  lateral  ones  broad,  roundish,  opposite, 
converging,  4,  5,  The  two  lowest  oblong,  pointing  downwards. 
Nectaries  two,  concealed  under  the  first  petal,  fistulous,  nodding , 
mouth  oblique  ;  tail  recurved,  sitting  on  long  subulate  peduncles. 
Six  little  very  short  coloured  scales  in  the  same  circle  of  the  nec- 
taries. Stam.  Filaments  subulate,  very  small,  broader  at  the  base, 
inclining  towards  the  first  petal.  Anthers  erect,  small.  Pist.  Germs 
three  (five),  oblong,  ending  in  styles  the  length  of  the  stamens. 
Stigmas  simple,  reflex.  Pei-.  Capsules  as  many  as  the  styles, 
ovate-subulate,  straight,  one-valved,  gaping  inward.  Seeds  very 
many,  angular,  wrinkled. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER. 

Flowers  with  five  pistils  ;  divisions  of  the  leaves  parted  half-way, 
broader  above. 


Stem  erect,  about  two  feet  high.  Flowers  in  spikes,  vari- 
egated, sometimes  changing  to  plain.  Leaves  with  footstalks 
placed  alternate  on  the  petiole. 

Of  the  many  species  of  Aconlhim  which  are  cultivated,  the 
A.  variegatum  is  the  most  interesting.  Its  habit  of  growth  is  less 
straggling  than  that  of  many  others,  and  it  attains  the  height 
of  about  two  feet,  bearing  a  spike  of  pale-blue  flowers  striped 
with  white,  which  appear  in  the  months  of  July  and  August. 
All  the  species  of  Aconitum  are  considered  to  be  deadly 
poisonous.  The  A.  Napelhcs,  or  Monk's-Hood,  is  decidedly 
the  most  dangerous :  neither  the  root,  the  stem,  the  leaves,  nor 
the  flowers  are  free  from  this  horrid  property  :  it  is  neverthe- 
less serviceable  in  Materia  Medica.  It  is  said  that  the  juice 
of  these  plants  is  used  by  the  huntsmen  of  the  Alps  for  the 
purpose  of  poisoning  their  arrows.  The  A.  NapelbtSy  being 
much  stronger  in  its  growth  than  the  A.  variegatum,  is  con- 
sequently better  fitted  for  the  shrubbery ;  while  the  latter, 
being  more  delicate,  is  better  suited  for  the  flower-beds  and 
herbaceous  borders. 

This  plant  is  a  native  of  Italy  and  Bohemia,  and  was  intro- 
duced in  1752.  It  thrives  well  in  light  earth,  and  is  increased 
by  separating  the  roots. 

The  drawing  of  this  figure  was  taken  at  Messrs.  Bucking- 
ham and  Chandler's,  Vauxhall. 


REFERENCES    TO    THE    PLATE, 

1.  Stamens  and  pistils. 

2.  Nectaries. 


J)n2M7i  Sc Engraved  dy  W.  CUirh . 


"■.mdm.FabU^h^d  fy'  G,B.Wfi/:ffaker.JveMdrialumi'.J>erTls9A 


23. 

DAPHNE   CNEORUM. 

Trailing  Daphne. 


OCTANDRIA.  MONOGYNIA. 

Class  8.  Order  1. 

Daphne.  Aa^vij  of  Theophrastus  and  Dioscorides,  after  the  nymph 
Daphne,  in  allusion  to  her  metamorphosis  into  a  laurel ;  from  some 
of  this  genus  bearing  a  resemblance  to  the  laurel. 

Linn,  gen,  71.485.     Linn.  spec.  5\  I.     Linn.  sijst.Z7\. 

GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

Cal.  none.  Cor.  one-petaled,  funnel- form,  withering,  including  the 
stamens.  Tube  cylindric,  imperforate,  longer  than  the  border. 
Border  four-cleft ;  divisions  ovate,  acute,  flat,  spreading.  Stam. 
Filaments  eight,  short,  inserted  into  the  tube  ;  the  alternate  ones 
lower.  Anthers  roundish,  erect,  two-celled.  Pist.  Germ  ovate. 
Style  very  short.  Stigma  headed,  depressed,  flat.  Per.  Berry 
roundish,  one-celled.     Seed  single,  roundish,  fleshy. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER. 

Flowers  in  bunches,  sessile.     Leaves  lanceolate,  naked,  mucronate. 


Stems  slender,  branched.  Leaves  narrow,  lanceolate,  irregu- 
larly disposed.  The  branches  are  terminated  by  small  clusters 
of  pink  flowers.     The  tube  of  the  corolla  long  and  narrow. 


The  leaves  are  sometimes  acute,  sometimes  obtuse  and  emai'- 
ginate. 

To  any  part  of  the  flower-garden  or  pleasure-ground  the 
Daphne  Cneorum  will  add  grace.  This  shrub,  together  with 
a  variety  that  has  been  obtained  possessing  variegated  leaves, 
are  well  suited  for  decorating  rock-work,  their  natural  prostrate 
disposition  being  in  true  accordance  with  such  a  situation : 
indeed,  the  very  pleasing  effect  and  the  excellent  relief  pro- 
duced by  the  judicious  introduction  of  rock-work  have  been 
the  means  of  raising  many  small  plants  from  obscurity.  How- 
ever correct  this  remark  may  be,  it  is  not  so  applicable  to  the 
D.  Cneorum  as  to  many  other  dwarf  plants  ;  for  the  delicacy 
of  its  growth,  the  fragrance  of  the  flowers,  and  the  modesty 
of  the  height  to  which  this  interesting  shrub  attains,  adapt  it 
more  particularly  for  ornamenting  the  front  of  flower-beds. 
It  flowers  during  the  month  of  May,  producing  a  profusion  of 
pink  flowers  in  clusters :  it  will  also  frequently  flower  a  second 
time  during  the  autumn,  but  neither  so  profuse  nor  so  luxu- 
riant as  in  the  spring. 

This  shrub  does  not  perfect  its  seeds  in  this  country,  but  is 
readily  propagated  by  laying  performed  in  the  spring.  It 
grows  well  in  peat  earth,  or  in  a  mixture  of  peat  and  loam. 

It  is  a  native  of  the  Alps  of  Europe,  and  was  introduced 
in  1739. 


REFERENCE    TO    THE    PLATE. 

Corolla  magnified  and  expanded,  showing  the  insertion  of  the  stamens 
in  the  throat. 


ri.  2/^. 


Drawn  irSnijravfd  fy  W,  C/aTfr. 


LandiPi.I'u.AiLsAed.  jy  ^,£,if/uiiaA-er,AveJiariaLa.}ie,lJec 


24. 

LILIUM   CONCOLOR. 

One-coloured  Lily. 


Hexandria.  Monogynia. 

Class  6.  Order  1. 

LiLiUM  of  Pliny  and  other  Latin  authors.  This  name  is  rather  of  ob- 
scure origin  :  some  deduce  it  from  the  Greek  Xsipiov,  a  lily,  derived 
from  Xsios,  smooth,  not  rough,  also  handsome,  because  the  plant  is 
conspicuous  for  the  beauty  of  its  flowers.  It  has  moreover  been 
called  Kfivov,  from  x/ji|xvov,  dust  or  pollen,  because  the  flovi^ers  seem 
in  general  to  be  sprinkled  with  a  powdery  substance,  from  the 
abundance  of  their  pollen. 

Linn,  gen,  n.  410, 

GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

Cat.  none.  Cot.  six-petaled,  bell-shaped,  narrowed  beneath.  Petals 
upright,  incumbent,  obtusely  carinated  on  the  back,  gradually  more 
expanding,  wider  ;  with  thick,  reflex,  obtuse  tips.  (Nectary  :  a  lon- 
gitudinal line,  engraven  on  each  petal  from  the  base  to  the  middle.) 
Stam.  Filaments  six,  awl-shaped,  upright,  shorter  than  the  corolla. 
Anthers  oblong,  incumbent.  Pist.  Germ  oblong,  cylindric,  striated 
with  six  furrows.  Style  cylindric,  length  of  the  corolla.  Stigma 
thickish,  triangular.  Per.  Capsule  oblong,  six-furrowed,  with  a 
three-cornered,  hollow,  obtuse  tip  ;  three-celled,  three-valved  ;  the 
valves  connected  by  hairs  disposed  in  a  cancellated  manner.  Seeds 
numerous,  incumbent  in  a  twin  order,  flat,  outwardly  semi-orbi- 
cular. 

SPECIFIC    character. 

Leaves  scattered,  linear.  Flowers  upright  j  corolla  bending  down- 
wards. 


Root  bulbous.  Stem  about  two  feet  in  height,  terminated 
with  two  or  three  scarlet  flowers.  Leaves  alternate,  deep 
green,  paler  underneath,  hnear-lanceolate,  and  smooth ;  to- 
wards the  top  of  the  stem  somewhat  verticillate.  Petals  six, 
bright  scarlet.  Filaments  red.  Anthers  scarlet,  large,  and 
incumbent.     Pollen  scarlet. 

This  bright  scarlet  flower  was  introduced  from  China  in 
1804,  and  although  increased  with  facility  has  not  yet  be- 
come common  in  our  gardens ;  but  its  beauty  and  free  dispo- 
sition to  flower  doubtless  render  it  worthy  of  general  cultiva- 
tion. It  possesses  attractions  more  pleasing  and  interesting 
than  many  others  of  this  family,  though  less  conspicuous  or 
gaudy :  it  appears  unassuming  and  modest  near  those  species 
which  are  of  a  more  luxuriant  habit  of  growth,  while  the  bril- 
liancy of  its  colour  will  cause  it  to  shine  in  contrast  to  many 
delicate  and  dwarf  herbaceous  plants.  It  grows  to  the  height 
of  three  or  four  feet,  and  when  planted  in  light  sandy  earth 
will  flower  freely  in  the  month  of  July,  adding  materially  to 
the  splendour  of  the  flower-bed.  It  is  increased  by  offsets 
from  the  roots,  which,  if  taken  off  in  October  and  bedded, 
will  produce  flowers  the  second  year. 

This  figure  was  drawn  from  a  specimen  which  flowered  in 
a  pot  at  the  nursery  of  Mr.  Brooks,  Ball's  Pond,  Islington. 


I>ravm  ScEn^raved  i\  W.aark. 


Laruion.Pu6iu/ud  fy  e.B.JirAiSaA:er.AvemnaZam.Jan!'jS2S 


25. 

SYMPHOllIA    llACEMOSA. 

Snow-beny  St.  Peter's  Wort. 


rENTANURIA.  MoNOGYNIA. 

Class  5.  Order  1. 

SvMpnORiA,  formerly  caWed  Symphoricarpos;  from  Tv^fopiuj,  to  cluster 
or  accumulate,  and  Kapifos,  fruit. 

Persoon  Si/n.  I.  p.  214.     Bot.  Mag.  2211. 

GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

Cat.  Perianth  superior,  five-parted.  Cor.  campanulate  ;  limb  five- 
cleft,  obtuse ;  fnu\  filled  with  hairs,  below  which  the  tube  abounds 
with  honey.  Slam,  five,  inserted  at  the  upper  part  of  the  tube, 
shorter  than  the  corolla.  Pist.  Germ  ovate,  with  two  or  three 
small  bracteas  applied  close  to  its  base.  Style  filiform,  length  of 
the  corolla.  Stigma  obtuse.  Per.  Berry  two-celled.  Seeds  one 
in  each  cell,  kidney-shaped,  compressed. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER. 

Irregularly  branched,  terminated  by  corollas  bearded  within. 


A  LOW  bushy  shrub ;  bark  of  the  branches  brightish-brown. 
Leaves  opposite,  round,  ovate,  with  a  mucro ;  mostly  quite 
entire,  but  on  the  lower  part  of  the  shrub  sometimes  irregu- 
larly notched,  smooth,  glaucous.  Flowers  grow  on  the  slender 
terminal  branches  in  pairs,  at  first  distant,  but  towards  the 
extremities  crowded  together,  supported  on  very  short  pedi- 
cles; sometunes  the  branches  become  iealy  beyontl  the  flowers. 


The  delicate  appearance  of  this  little  shrub  might  induce 
the  observer  to  suppose  that  its  habit  of  growth  was  equally 
delicate.  It  is,  however,  a  hardy  shrub,  and  may  be  recom- 
mended not  merely  for  this  propert}',  however  desirable,  but 
for  the  beautiful  tints  with  which  it  is  adorned  in  every  part : 
the  rich  brown  shining  stem,  furnished  with  dark-green  leaves, 
yielding  an  excellent  relief  to  the  beautiful  bunches  of  little 
pink  flowers,  and  to  the  more  massy  groups  of  white  berries, 
which  thickly  beset  this  interesting  shrub, 

"  where  fruits  and  blossoms  blush 

In  social  sweetness  on  the  self-same  bough/* 

from  the  early  part  of  July  until  the  end  of  October,  produce 
a  pleasing  variety  and  contrast  rarely  to  be  seen  in  any  other 
individual  plant.  No  greater  proof  can  be  given  of  the  delight 
excited  by  this  little  shrub  in  the  lovers  of  plants,  than  that  it 
is  cultivated  generally  in  the  nurseries,  and  that  although  in- 
troduced so  recently  as  1817,  it  already  adorns  every  collec- 
tion where  beauty  is  made  a  prominent  feature.  About  the 
banks  of  the  Missouri  this  elegant  plant  is  found  growing  in 
abundance.  It  may  be  raised  from  seeds  in  this  country ;  but 
the  more  preferable  and  expeditious  mode  of  increasing  will 
be  by  laying :  the  layers  should  be  put  down  in  a  somewhat 
sandy  earth  about  the  beginning  of  April ;  and  when  sepa- 
rated from  the  original  plant  in  the  following  spring,  they  may 
be  planted  in  the  common  shrubbery  borders,  provided  the 
earth  be  not  too  stiff.  The  specimen  for  this  figure  was  from 
Messrs.  Buckingham  and  Chandler's  Nursery,  Vauxhall. 


REFERENCE    TO    THE    PLATE. 

Magnified  section  of  the  corolla,  germ^  and  calyx. 


Tl.20. 


Drawn  kSngravtd  fy  W,  Clark . 


26. 

SPIGELIA    MAHILANDICA, 

Perennial  Worm-grass, 


Pentandria.  Monogynia. 

Class  5.  Order  1. 

SpiGELiA  :  so  named  by  Linnaeus  in  memory  of  Adrian  Spigelius, 
professor  of  anatomy  and  surgery  at  Padua. 

Linn.  gen.  n.  209.     Linn,  sijst.  197. 

GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

Cal.  Perianth  one-leafed,  five-parted,  acuminate,  small,  permanent. 
Cor.  one-petaled,  funnel-shaped ;  tube  much  longer  than  the  calyx, 
narrowed  below  ;  border  spreading,  five-cleft ;  segments  wide, 
acuminate.  Stam.  Filaments  five,  simple.  Anthers  simple.  Pist. 
Germ  composed  of  two  globes,  superior.  Style  one,  awl-shaped, 
length  of  the  tube.  Stigma  simple.  Per.  Capsule  twin,  two- celled, 
four-valved.     Seeds  numerous,  very  small. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER. 

Slem  four-cornered,  all  the  leaves  opposite. 


Herbaceou.s  perennial  root,  producing  two  or  three  erect 
stems,  about  nine  inches  in  height,  with  three  or  four  pairs 
of  acute-pointed  leaves,  placed  opposite,  seated  close  to  the 
stalk,  smooth,  entire,  and  having  several  veins  diverging  from 


the  midrib.  The  stem  is  terminated  by  a  short  spike  of 
flowers  ranged  on  one  side  of  the  footstalk.  Calyx  short,  cut 
into  five  acute  segments.  The  outside  of  the  flower  is  of  a 
deep  crimson,  and  the  inside  of  a  pink,  with  the  five  segments 
of  the  corolla  of  a  yellow  colour.  Stem  simple,  rugged,  qua- 
drano-ular,  rigid,  annual.  Leaves  opposite,  sessile,  ovate-lan- 
ceolate, entire,  smooth,  spreading.  Spike  generally  solitary, 
with  small  opposite  bracteas. 

Of  the  genus  Spigelia  only  two  species  are  cultivated  in 
this  country.  The  plant  here  figured  is  the  more  interesting : 
its  spikes  of  rich  scarlet  flowers  add  great  beauty  to  the  garden 
durino-  the  months  of  June  and  July.  The  roots  of  this  her- 
baceous perennial  are  sold  for  medicinal  purposes  under  the 
names  Worm-grass  or  Pink-root ;  and  Woodville's  Medical 
Botany  mentions  this  species  of  Spigelia  as  a  very  efficient 
vermifuge.  This  plant  is  somewhat  delicate,  and  will  not  ripen 
its  seeds  in  this  country ;  the  only  mode  of  propagatfon  is  by 
separating  the  roots,  and  this  process  is  rather  slow:  it  is 
not  therefore  probable  that  this  showy  flower  will  ever  appear 
very  common  in  our  gardens. 

It  is  a  native  of  Virginia,  Maryland,  and  Carolina,  where 
it  is  called  Indian  Pink.  It  was  introduced  into  tills  country 
in  1694-.  The  drawing  of  this  figure  was  made  from  a  speci- 
men flowering  in  the  gardens  of  Sion  House,  the  seat  of  His 
Grace  the  Duke  of  Northumberland. 


REFERENCE    TO    THE    PLATE. 

Corolla  cut  open,  showing  the  position  of  the  stamens  and  pistil, 
also  where  the  germ  is  attached  to  the  calyx. 


Ft.  2'. 


Drawn  tcSnyrayed,  by  W,  Clarh . 


27. 

HELIANTHUS   ATRORUBENS. 

Shagreen-leaved  Sunflower. 


Syngenesta.  Polygamia  Frustranea. 

Class  19.  Orders. 

Helianthus  :  from  'HA105,  tlic  Sun,  and  ccv^os,  ajluwer. 

Linn.  gen.  71.979.     Linn.  spec.  1279.     Ilort.  Kew.  5.  129. 

GENERIC    CHAB.\CTER. 

Cal.  common,  imbricate,  somewhat  squarrose,  expanded  ;  scales  ob- 
long, broadish  at  the  base.  Cor.  compound  radiate  j  corollets  her- 
maphrodite, very  numerous  in  the  disk  :  females  fewer,  much 
longer  in  the  rav.  Stam.  in  the  hermaphrodites  :  filaments  five, 
curved,  inserted  below  the  belly  of  the  corollet,  the  length  of  the 
tube.  Anther  cylindric,  tubular.  Pisf.  in  the  hermaphrodites  : 
germ  oblong  3  style  filiform,  length  of  the  corollet  5  stigma  two- 
parted,  reflex  :  in  the  females,  germ  very  small ;  style  and  stigma 
none.  Per.  none.  Calyx  unchanged.  Seeds  in  the  hermaphro- 
dites solitary,  oblong,  blunt,  four-cornered,  compressed  at  the  op- 
posite angles  ;  the  inner  ones  narrower,  crowned  with  two  lan- 
ceolate, acute,  deciduous  chaffs  :  in  the  females  none,  Rccept. 
chaffy,  large,  flat  ;  chaffs  lanceolate,  acute,  two  separating  each 
seed,  deciduous. 

SPECIFIC    CIIAUACTER. 

Leaves  opposite,  spatulate,  crenate,  triple-nerved,  scabrous  ;  calycine 
scales  erect,  the  length  of  the  disk. 


Steim  from  two  to  three  feet  in  height,  round,  dusky,  pin-ple, 
rough,  with  numerous  small  hairs.      Root-leaves  Hat,  hairy. 


smaller  than  those  on  the  stem,  whicli  are  twisted  and  waved, 
especially  towards  the  end,  rough  and  hairy.  The  disk  ot 
the  flower  dark-red;  flosculcs  in  the  ray,  yellow,  marked 
w4th  a  few  lines,  pointed  and  entire. 

The  coarse  and  vulgar  appearance,  together  with  the  strong 
growth  of  some  of  the  Sunflower  family,  have  long  excluded 
them  from  ornamental  flower-beds ;  but  the  species  here 
figured  possesses  beauties  which  its  brethren  cannot  equal. 
Its  habit  of  growth  is  more  delicate  and  graceful  than  that  of 
many  others  in  the  Helianthus  genus ;  the  stems  rise  to  the 
height  of  three  feet,  supporting  solitary  yellow  flowers,  with 
dark-red  or  brown  disks.  In  the  herbaceous  border  it  is 
generally  admitted,  where  its  large  flowers  and  leaves  will  in- 
crease at  least  in  appearance  the  delicacy  of  the  smaller  and 
more  tender  plants.  Darwin,  alluding  to  the  peculiar  pro- 
perty of  the  Helianthus  genus,  thus  expresses  himself: 

"  Great  Helianthus  guides  o'er  twilight  plains 
In  gay  solemnity  his  dervise-trains ; 
With  zealous  step  he  climbs  the  upland  lawn. 
And  bows  in  homage  to  the  rising  dawn  ; 
Imbibes  with  eagle  eye  the  golden  ray, 
And  watches,  as  it  moves,  the  orb  of  day." 

This  species  is  frequently,  though  erroneously,  named  Heli- 
anthus glauca  or  Pascalia  Virginica, 

It  is  a  native  of  Carolina,  was  found  growing  plentifully  in 
Upper  Louisiana  by  Mr.  Nuttall,  and  has  been  seen  in  Penn- 
sylvania and  Virginia.  It  was  introduced  into  this  country  in 
1732,  and  is  to  be  increased  by  separating  the  roots :  the  seeds 
will  not  come  to  perfection  in  this  country,  although  the  plant 
will  grow  and  flower  freely  from  July  till  October  in  light 
garden  mould.  This  specimen  was  figured  from  Messrs.  Buck- 
ingham and  Chandler's,  Vauxhall. 


RKFKRKNCKS    TO    THE    PLATK. 

1.  Floret  unopened,  magnified. 

2.  Floret  expanded,  showing  the  stamens  and  pistil. 


:.  IS. 


Drawn  irEn^raved  fy  W,  Clark. 


28. 

FUMARIA   EXIMIA. 

Choice  Fumitory. 


DiADELPIIIA.  HeXANDRIA. 

Class  17.  Order  2. 

FuMARiA  :  from  fuDius,  smoke,  because  this  herb  effects  the  eyes  like 
smoke  ;  hence  also  its  Greek  name  Kaifyog. 

Bot.  Reg.  50. 

GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

Cal.  Perianth  inferior,  of  two  equal,  small  leaves,  mostly  deciduous, 
often  coloured.  Cur.  tubular,  ringent,  of  two  petals,  each  lobed 
and  spreading  at  the  extremity,  gibbous,  and  holding  honey  at  the 
base,  variously  formed  in  different  species.  Stam.  Filaments  six, 
capillary,  united  into  two  sets  by  their  broad,  elongated,  membra- 
nous bases,  sheathing  the  germen.  Anthers  small,  roundish,  ver- 
tical. Pist.  Germen  roundish  or  oblong.  Style  curved  or  oblique. 
Stigma  obtuse.  Per.  Pod  of  two  valves  and  one  cell.  Seeds  one 
or  more,  roundish. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER. 

Leaves  triternate.     Stevi  erect,  naked. 


Perennial  root,  which  produces  several  stems  about  a  foot 
and  a  half  in  height,  terminated  with  numerous  pink  flowers 
at  the  extremity,  which  come  out  on  short  peduncles.  Leaves 


of  a  blue  green  on  the  upper  surface,  of  a  paler  green  under- 
neath ;  they  are  on  long  stalks,  springing  from  the  base,  and 
surrounding  the  flower-stalk. 

The  leaves  of  this  graceful  little  plant  form  a  handsome 
cluster  close  to  the  ground ;  while  the  flower-spikes,  which  rise 
to  the  height  of  about  eighteen  inches,  are  plentifully  adorned 
with  blooms  during  the  months  of  May  and  June.  The  hand- 
some style  of  growth  renders  this  plant  truly  serviceable  and 
a  great  favourite  either  for  borders  of  flower-beds  or  for  tufts; 
the  latter  of  which  become  compact  and  very  ornamental  when 
the  plant  is  well  established.  The  seeds  rarely  come  to  per- 
fection in  this  country ;  but  by  separating  the  roots  in  the 
spring  the  plant  is  easily  increased.  Light  garden  mould  suits 
the  natui'e  of  this  herbaceous  perennial. 

It  was  introduced  in  1812  from  North  America. 

This  interesting  genus  of  plants  has  been  divided  into  two 
other  genera,  Q/sticapjios  and  Corydalis,  among  which  latter 
is  included  the  plant  here  figured.  The  old  name  is  however 
here  retained,  as  that  by  which  the  plant  is  better  known. 

Some  of  the  species  of  this  genus  are  noticed  in  the  Phar- 
macopoeias. The  Fumaria  officinalis,  or  Common  Fumitory,  is 
used  in  cutaneous  diseases,  but  no  mention  is  made  of  the 
present  species  as  being  in  any  degree  serviceable  in  the  Ma- 
teria Medica. 


RtFERENCE    TO    THE    PLATE. 

Stamens  and  pistil  magnified. 


n.  20. 


Dra-xn  tJSnfrmfd  (y  W.  CfarM . 


iMi^&n.faiUsfuji 6y  &.B.W7uliaker,AveM2ruiLav£,Fei.I<nr 


29. 

DELPHINIUM   MESOLEUCUM. 

White-eyed  Larkspur. 


POLYANDRTA.  TuiGYNfA. 

Class  13.  Orders. 

Delphinium  (AsX^iviov  of  Dioscorides) :  from  a  fancied  resemblance 
of  the  flower,  before  it  opens,  to  a  dolphin. 

Linn.  gen.  n.  G81.      Link's  Hort.  Ber.  2.  p.  80.       DeCandolle  Pro. 
Sijst.  Veg.  p.  55. 

GENERIC    CHARACTER, 

Cal.  none.  Cor.  Petals  five,  unequal,  disposed  in  a  circle  ;  of  which 
the  uppermost  is  more  obtuse  than  the  rest  in  front,  and  is  extend- 
ed behind  into  a  tubular,  straight,  long,  obtuse  horn :  the  rest 
ovate,  lanceolate,  spreading,  nearly  equal.  Nectary  two-cleft, 
seated  in  front  within  the  circle  of  petals  on  the  upper  part,  behind 
stretched  out,  involved  within  the  tube  of  the  petal.  Stam.  Fila- 
ments very  many  (fifteen  to  thirty),  subulate,  wide  at  the  base,  very 
small,  inclined  towards  the  petal.  Anthers  erect,  small.  Pist. 
Germs  three  or  one,  ovate,  ending  in  styles,  the  length  of  the 
stamens.  Stigmas  simple  reflex.  Per.  Capsules  as  many,  ovate- 
subulate,  straight,  one-valved,  gaping  inwards.  Seeds  very  many, 
cornered. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER. 

Leaves  spreading  out  from  the  base,  cut  in  the  form  of  wedges,  much 
serrated  on  the  edge  j  the  peduncles  finely  covered  with  hair. 


Root  perennial,  fibrous,  from  which  branches  three  or  four 
stalks,  round,  furnished  with  leaves  alternately  situated,  and  a 


spike  of  flowers  at  the  extremity,  rising  to  the  height  of  about 
two  feet.  Leaves  deeply  cut  into  lobes,  and  irregularly  point- 
ed segments,  supported  on  short  footstalks.  The  flowers  ter- 
minating the  stems  are  of  a  beautiful  bright  blue,  with  a  white 
eye:  they  are  alternately  placed  round  the  stem,  forming  a  kind 
of  spike  from  six  to  nine  inches  in  length. 

It  may  be  considered  somewhat  remarkable  that  this  plant 
has  not  become  more  generally  cultivated ; — that  it  has  decided 
clauns  to  beauty  will  be  undeniable.  The  attractions  this  flower 
possesses  are  certainly  as  great  as  those  of  the  other  species 
of  Delpliinium ;  yet  it  is  scarcely  known,  or  very  rarely  seen 
decorating  the  herbaceous  flower-bed :  it  has  nevertheless  been 
introduced  into  this  country  for  some  length  of  time,  but  that 
period  cannot  be  correctly  ascertained ;  neither  is  it  known 
from  whence  it  was  introduced.  During  the  months  of  June 
and  July  the  garden  will  most  certainly  be  beautified  by  the 
addition  of  a  plant  like  this ;  no  difficulty  of  propagation  can 
be  urged  as  a  reason  for  its  exclusion  from  the  flower-bed,  for 
it  may  be  increased  by  separating  the  root  as  well  as  by  seed. 
The  seeds  should  be  sown  in  June,  and  the  young  plants 
should  be  planted  in  beds :  they  will  become  so  far  established 
by  this  means  during  the  autumn,  that  in  the  following  spring 
they  may  be  transplanted  into  the  borders.  A  mellow  and 
light  soil  of  decayed  leaves  and  vegetable  mould  is  the  earth 
in  which  this  plant  delights.  The  specimen  from  which  this 
drawing  was  made,  flowered  at  Mr.  Lee's  Nursery,  Hammer- 
smith. 


11.30. 


Zlrann  kJ^nffTmid  fy  W.  Clarlc. 


Zcm/iim.I'uicished  ly  Zcmrnnan  &: C",  fatemoj-ierXmf  ,F<>iJ<}sfi . 


30. 

AZALEA   NUDIFLORA  /3  COCCINEA. 
Scarlet  Azalea. 


Pentandria.  Monogynia. 

Class  5,  Order  1. 

Li7m.  gen.  n.2\2.     Linn.  spec.  214.     Persoon  Syn.  1.  p.  212. 

GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

WAe  Azalea  pontica.  PI.  1/. 

SPECIFIC    character. 

Leaves  ovate.     Corollas  hairy.      Stamens  very  long. 


Stem  branched.  Leaves  oblong,  smooth,  alternate,  petioled. 
The  peduncles  are  axillary,  long  and  naked,  supporting  a 
cluster  of  red  flowers,  which  are  tubulous,  swelling  at  their 
base  like  those  of  the  Hyacinth,  and  contracted  at  their  neck ; 
divided  at  top  into  five  equal  segments,  spreading  open.  The 
stamens  and  style  project  beyond  the  corolla  and  stand  erect. 
Although  one  of  the  species  of  this  family  of  shrubs  has  al- 
ready appeared  in  this  publication,  yet  the  beautiful  and  in- 
teresting variety  of  them  will  be  sufficient  to  justify  the  early 
representation  of  another  of  the  genus.  Intermixed  with  the 
Rhododendron,  Kalmai,  Ledum,  &c.,  these  shrubs  appear  to 
the  greatest  advantage;  the  diversity  of  their  foliage  and  bloom. 


and  the  continued  succession  of  flowers,  present  the  most 
lively  and  handsome  assemblage  that  plants  ai-e  capable  of  pro- 
ducing :  added  to  which,  as  these  shrubs  (denominated  Ame- 
rican shrubs)  sustain  their  leaves  during  the  winter,  they  are 
■well  calculated  when  planted  in  groups  to  add  a  great  de- 
gree of  cheerfulness  to  the  pleasure-ground  and  arboretum,  in 
that  dreary  season  when  little  verdure  is  otherwise  to  be  ex- 
pected. Notwithstanding  the  many  excellent  properties  and 
powerful  attractions  of  the  Azalea  tribe,  they  will,  like  the  rest 
of  the  American  shrubs,  be  most  probably  ever  limited  in  their 
cultivation ;  the  peculiar  peat-soil  in  which  they  thrive  will 
however  be  obtained  by  those  who  delight  in  a  good  collection 
of  ornamental  shrubs. 

As  these  species  rarely  produce  seed,  the  propagation  must 
be  effected  by  laying.  The  beginning  of  April  is  the  proper 
season  for  commencing  this  operation.  The  present  shrub 
was  introduced  into  this  country  in  1729.  It  is  in  its  greatest 
splendour  during  the  month  of  May.  It  is  a  native  of  Swit- 
zerland, where  it  grows  in  great  profusion  among  the  moun- 
tains; and  the  smallest  portion  of  earth  is  found  sufficient  to 
yield  it  sustenance. 


n.  3/. 


Xn-awn  icE'r^raved  fy  Jf.Cla.rfc . 


T.im/f/m  P//J>//shg//  M'  T.mi/Tmmi  K^/""  P.y/Tn^nervr-ffmii  ■*>/' 


31. 

(ENOTHERA   MISSOURENSIS. 

Large-fruited  Qj^nothera. 


OCTANDRIA.  MONOGYNIA. 

Class  8.  Order  1. 

CEnotheba  :  from  OjvoSijctj  or  0(vo9ijpa;  of  Theophrastus. 

Linn.  gen.  n.  469. 

GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

Cal.  Perianth  one-leafed,  superior,  deciduous :  tube  cylindrical,  erect, 
long,  deciduous :  border  four-cleft ;  the  segments  oblong,  acute, 
bent  down.  Cor.  Petals  four,  obcordate,  flat,  inserted  into  the  in- 
terstices of  the  calyx.  Stam.  Filaments  eight,  awl-shaped,  curved 
inwards,  inserted  into  the  throat  of  the  calyx,  shorter  than  the  co- 
rolla. Anthers  oblong,  incumbent.  Pist.  Germ  cylindrical,  inferior. 
Style  filiform,  the  length  of  the  stamens.  Stigma  four-cleft,  thick, 
blunt,  reflex.  Pei-.  Capsule  cylindrical,  four-cornered,  four-celled, 
four-valved,  with  contrary  partitions.  Seeds  very  many,  angular, 
naked.  Receptacle  columnar,  four-cornered  :  with  the  angles  con- 
tiguous to  the  margin  of  the  partitions. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER. 

Leaves  lanceolate,  veined.  Petals  serrated.  Capsule  elliptic,  angular. 


Stems  branched,  prostrate,  and  of  a  line  purple  ;  the  leaves 
are  seated  close  on  the  stem :  the  flowers  appear  at  each 
joint ;  the  petals  are  supported  on  a  long  tube  somewhat  re- 
sembling longijlora  ;  calyx  spotted ;  the  capsules  are  seated 
close  to  the  leaves. 


This  interesting  dwarf  plant  has  been  described  as  a  bien- 
nial ;  and  though  it  will  be  found  tolive  and  flower  for  more 
than  two  years,  yet  its  existence  is  but  of  short  duration ;  it 
would  therefore  better  support  the  appellation  of  a  short-lived 
perennial.     The  present  plant  and  the  CE.  macrocm-pa  have 
been  imagined  by  some  persons  to  be  the  same ;  the  flowers 
of  both  are  similar  in  appearance  and  colour,  but  the  strag- 
gling habit  of  growth  and  the  narrowness  of  the  leaves  of  the 
missourensis  will  mark  a  sufficient  distinction.     During  the 
months  of  July  and  August  the  prostrate  branches  of  the  mis- 
S02ire7isis  are  abundantly  decorated  by  very  numerous  and  lux- 
uriant yellow  flowers,  which  become  trul}-^  conspicuous  from 
their  size,  and  particularly  so  from  their  being  produced  on  a 
plant  of  such  humble  growth.     By  intermixing  this  species 
with  the  CE.  caspitosa  (a  plant  similar  in  its  habit  of  growth, 
but  bearing  a  white  flower)  a  pleasing  and  beautiful  group  for 
ornamenting  small  beds  on  a  lawn  or  in  a  flower-garden  may 
be  obtained.     The  careless  mixture  of  the  blooms  appearing 
above  the  dark   green  leaves,   through  which  the  elegantly 
twining  purple  stem  is  casually  seen,  produces  a  beauty  that 
every  lover  of  the  flower-garden  must  view  with  admiration. 
The  rock-work  of  a  garden  will  also  receive  a  considerable 
additional  charm  by  a  judicious  decoration  with  these  elegant 
little  traihng  plants.     These  species  of  (Enotlicra  require  an 
earth  tolerably  rich :  mellow  loam,  rotten  manure,  and  decay- 
ed leaves  will  form  a  good  composition.     As  there  is  no  cer- 
tainty of  raising  a  supply  by  separating  the  roots,  it  is  advisa- 
ble to  increase  these  plants  by  cuttings,  which  if  planted  in  an 
earth  somewhat  sandy,  placed  under  a  hand-glass,  and  partially 
shaded,  will  readily  strike  :  they  should  be  kept  in  pots  under 
the  protection  of  a  frame  during  the  first  winter,  after  which 
they  will  thrive  well  in  the  open  border.     This  species  was 
discovered  by  Mr.  Nuttall  growing  freely  near  the  banks  of 
the  Missouri,  from  whence  it  takes  its  name:  it  was  introduced 
in  1811.  This  figure  was  taken  from  a  specimen  flowering  at 
Messrs.  Whitley,  Brames,  and  Milne's  Nursery,  Fulham. 


Z>rawn  L-Ey^raved,  fy  W,  Clark. 


J^'-7iu^r^,J'^:^US/u^ Cy Lo^i^fti^/i4cCl M.-Utnio^Urlt^nt/  .Sed,^ id^W 


32. 

SCHIZANTHUS   PORRIGENS. 

Spreading  Schizanthus. 


DiANDRIA.  MONOGYNIA. 

Class  2.  Order  1. 

Schizanthus  :  from  rTy(jX,<jii,  to  cut  ox  cleave,  and  avh^,  ajiower;  from 
the  laciniated  form  of  the  corolla. 

Hooker  s  Ex.  Flora  86. 

GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

Cal.  Perianth  inferior,  in  five  deep,  linear,  nearly  equal,  permanent 
segments.  Cor.  of  one  petal,  ringent,  reversed  :  tube  compressed, 
the  length  of  the  calyx ;  upper  lip  in  five  deep  segments,  lower  in 
three.  Slam.  Filaments  four ;  two  of  them  abortive,  villous,  under 
the  upper  lip  (which  by  the  reversed  position  of  the  flower  stands 
lowermost) ;  the  other  two  perfect,  inserted  into  the  lower  lip. 
Anthers  roundish,  of  two  lobes.  Pist.  Germen  superior,  roundish. 
Style  thread-shaped,  longer  than  the  tube  of  the  corolla.  Stigma 
club-shaped.  Per.  Capsule  ovate,  the  length  of  the  calyx,  of  two 
concave  cloven  valves,  and  two  cells.  Seeds  several,  kidney-shaped, 
rough.     Receptacle  orbicular,  compressed,  parallel  to  the  valves. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER. 

Calyx  five-parted.  Corolla  divided  in  the  upper  part  into  five  seg- 
ments, in  the  lower  into  three. 


Root  annual.     Stem  very   much  branched,  hairy.     Leaves 
pinnate,  deeply  divided  into  segments,  slightly  hairy ;  smaller 


towards  the  extremity  of  the  branches.  Flowers  divaricated 
over  the  whole  plant,  each  supported  upon  a  short  pedicel. 

Such  an  elegant  little  annual  as  the  S.  potrigens,  and  one 
possessing  so  many  attractions,  is  not  generally  to  be  met  with : 
the  delicacy  of  its  growth,  the  multiplicity  of  its  little  spark- 
ling blooms  variegated  with  yellow  and  purple,  and  set  with 
spots  of  a  richer  and  darker  hue,  are  charms  to  be  regarded 
with  satisfaction  by  every  admirer  of  the  many  beautiful  pro- 
ductions of  nature.  "When  to  such  recommendations  is  added 
the  desirable  property  it  possesses  of  flowering  in  the  open  air 
for  so  considerable  a  length  of  time  as  from  July  until  destroy- 
ed by  the  frost,  the  desire  already  manifested  by  botanical 
collectors  to  adorn  their  gardens  with  this  lately  mtroduced 
beauty  will  not  be  considered  a  favouritism  greater  than  de- 
served. Much  resembling  this  species  is  another,  S.  pinnatus. 
On  examination,  however, the  distinctions  are  evident:  the^/«- 
natus  is  smaller,  more  upright  in  its  growth,  the  lips  of  the  co- 
rolla are  always  of  an  intense  purple,  the  upper  petal  spotless, 
the  bracteas  large  and  foliaceous,  and  the  footstalks  of  the 
fruit  quite  secund,  deflexed  from  the  base,  and  at  the  superior 
extremity  singularly  curved  inwards.  The  S.  porrigens  is 
raised  from  seed,  which  should  be  sown  in  pots  about  the  end 
of  February  in  a  moderate  hot-bed.  When  the  young  plants 
are  sufficiently  strong,  they  should  be  transplanted  into  sepa- 
rate pots  and  be  protected  till  the  end  of  May,  at  which  time 
they  may  be  planted  in  the  open  borders  with  safety.  It  thrives 
well  in  a  soil  of  two  parts  peat-earth  and  one  part  loam. 

This  figure  was  drawn  from  a  specimen  which  flowered  at 
Mr.  Palmer's,  Bromley,  Kent. 


TL33. 


I>ra>m  &:Enjraved  Iry  W,  ClaTh. 


/'.,m/i/m.  7'/jJ>Ljhi>.'/.    "Whrrh  /.toe  fnr  T/myrm^m  t-  /^ T'/tTTir-njtr^jr  7f,-- 


33. 

POTENTILLA    NEPALENSIS. 

Nepal  CInquefoil. 


ICOSANDRIA.  POLYGYNIA. 

Class  12.  Orders. 

PoTENTiLLA  :  from  potentia,  on  account  of  the  root  being  powerfully 
astringent. 

Linn. gen.  n.  634.    Hookers Fl. Ex.  88.    Don's  Pro.  Fl.  Nep.  p.  233. 

GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

Cal.  Perianth  one-leafed,  flattish,  ten-cleft:  the  alternate  segments 
smaller,  reflex.  Cor.  Petals  five,  roundish,  spreading,  inserted  by 
their  claws  into  the  calyx.  Stnni.  Filaments  twenty,  awl-shaped, 
shorter  than  the  corolla,  inserted  into  the  calyx.  Anthers  elongate. 
Pist.  Germs  numerous,  very  small,  collected  into  a  head.  Styles 
filiform,  the  length  of  the  stamens,  inserted  into  the  side  of  the 
germ.  Stigmas  obtuse.  Per.  none.  Recept.  roundish,  small, 
permanent,  covered  with  seeds,  inclosed  within  the  calyx.  Seeds 
numerous,  acuminate,  wrinkled. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER. 

Stem  erect,  hairy,  many-flowered.     Leaves  pinnate,  hairy. 


Stem  about  a  foot  in  height,  hairy ;  at  the  extremity  branch- 
ing with  flower-stalks.  Flowers  of  a  beautiful  transparent  bright 
red.  The  radical  leaves  long,  quinate,  hairy.  Leaflets  ovate- 
lanceolate,  regularly  serrated.     The  stem-leaves  ternate,  and 


smaller  than  the  others.  Stipules  situated  at  the  footstalk  of 
the  leaves,  ovate,  large,  green. 

The  introduction  of  this  truly  elegant  species  of  Potentilla 
was  by  means  of  seeds  received  by  Dr.  Graham  from  Nepal, 
whence  they  had  been  transmitted  by  Dr.  Wallich.  It  flow- 
ered in  the  Botanic  Garden,  Edinburgh,  in  July  1823;  since 
which  time  it  has  become  circulated  among  manv  botanical 
collections,  and  it  will  doubtless  hold  a  prominent  situation  in 
every  bed  of  herbaceous  plants  where  beauty  and  elegance 
guide  the  selection :  in  short,  by  all  lovers  of  delicate  and  se- 
lect flowers  it  requires  only  to  be  seen  to  become  cultivated 
and  admired.  It  will  assimilate  with  the  more  choice  and  low- 
growing  herbaceous  plants,  either  in  the  border  or  on  orna- 
mental rock-work ;  the  succession  of  its  beautiful  red  flowers, 
supported  on  stems  about  a  foot  in  height,  which  appear 
during  the  months  of  July  and  August,  adds  considerably  to 
its  claims.  As  this  plant  perfects  its  seeds  in  this  country,  no 
obstacle  is  in  the  way  of  its  being  generally  cultivated.  It 
thrives  well  in  peat  earth,  or  a  composition  of  decayed  leaves 
and  peat. 

This  specimen  was  figured  from  Messrs.  Whitley,  Brames, 
and  Milne's  Nursery,  Fulham,  where  it  flowered  very  pro- 
fusely in  the  American  beds  during  the  summer  of  1825. 


REFKRENCES    TO    THE    PLATE. 


1 .  Part  of  the  calyx  magnified,  showing  the  insertion  of  the  stamens. 

2.  Pistils,  with  one  stamen  attached. 


To .  34- . 


J)rawn,  IcHn^ravf.d  iy  W.  CiarK. 


34. 

LILIUM    POMPONIUM. 

Pomponian  Lily. 


Hexandria.  Monogynia. 

Class  6.  Older  1. 

Linn.  spec.  434. 

GENERIC   CHARACTER. 

Vide  Lilium  concolor.    PI.  24. 

SPECIFIC    character. 

Leaves  scattered,  awl-shaped.   Flowers  turned  down.   Corollas  rolled 
back. 


Root  large,  yellow,  scaly,  from  which  arises  an  upright  stalk 
about  three  feet  in  height,  furnished  from  the  base  to  nearly 
the  top  with  long  narrow  leaves  having  a  longitudinal  ridge 
on  their  under  side :  they  are  of  a  deep  green,  and  terminate 
in  acute  points.  The  peduncle  supports  from  five  to  nine 
flowers,  each  on  a  short  pedicel.  The  flowers  are  yellow,  with 
irregular-formed  yellow  spots  almost  approaching  to  lines; 
they  hang  down,  and  the  petals  are  rolled  back. 

The  genus  Lilium  contains  many  ornamental  species  re- 
markable for  the  great  diversity  of  their  colours.  The  present 
species,  though  possessing  neither  the  multiplicity  of  thits  nor 


the  loftiness  of  some  of  the  species,  is  nevertheless  graceful, 
and  in  height  of  growth  is  more  desirable  as  a  companion  for 
the  generality  of  herbaceous  plants  which  decorate  the  flower- 
bed. It  rises  to  the  height  of  about  eighteen  inches :  the  stem 
from  the  ground  upwards  is  decorated  with  closely  set  leaves 
ranged  with  the  nicest  precision,  and  is  terminated  by  a  cluster 
of  gracefully  pendent  yellow  flowers,  in  number  from  six  to 
ten,  which  are  seen  in  perfection  during  May  and  June.  There 
are  other  species  of  Lilies  which  may  well  be  grouped  with 
the  present  figure,  from  their  being  somewhat  similar  in  height 
of  growth  but  different  in  colour :  of  these  there  are  Lilium 
martagon  and  Lilium  chalcedonicum,  with  their  varieties.  The 
root  is  bulbous,  and  is  readily  increased  by  offsets,  which 
may  be  planted  where  they  are  to  remain,  as  they  frequently 
flower  the  first  year  after  being  taken  offl  The  separating  and 
planting  these  bulbs  should  be  performed  about  the  middle  of 
March.  They  will  be  found  to  thrive  in  light  garden  mould 
with  a  small  portion  of  sand. 

This  bulb  is  a  native  of  the  Pyrenees,  and  was  introduced 
in  1620.  This  figure  was  drawn  from  a  specimen  which 
flowered  at  Messrs.  Buckingham  and  Chandler's  Nursery, 
Vauxhall. 


Tl.  3S. 


Synzivn,  ScSnmaved  ly  W,  ClarAr. 


Land/^n.TiMcj'fud March  ISio.liy y.cmffman  ScCfF'li^rnostir^ow. 


35. 

OROBUS   VARIUS. 

Party-coloured  Bitter-Vetch. 


DiADELPHlA.  DeCANDRIA. 

Class  17.  Order  4. 

GENERIC    CHARACTEH. 

Vide  Orobus  vernus.  PI.  4. 

SPECIFIC   CHARACTER. 

Leaves  pinnate.    Stipules  half-arrow-shaped,  entire.     Stem  winged. 


Stem  herbaceous,  rising  from  a  foot  to  eighteen  inches,  much 
bi'anched,  the  extremities  freely  producing  flowers  of  different 
shades  of  white,  yellow,  and  red.  The  stem,  from  being  winged 
and  so  much  branched,  renders  this  plant  easily  distinguished 
from  either  angustifolius  or  albus :  the  former  of  these,  Linnaeus 
seems  to  have  confounded  with  this  plant,  which  not  only 
differs  as  above,  but  in  the  stipules  being  broader.  The 
flowers  appear  in  clusters  of  about  six  or  eight :  their  calyx 
red;  standard  crimson,  faduig  to  a  pale  yellow;  wings  and 
keel  variegated  with  yellow  and  buff". 

The  diversity  of  colour  displayed  by  this  little  herbaceous 
perennial  is  rarely  met  with  in  any  other  individual  plant  Its 
delicacy  requires  it  to  be  placed  almost  alone,  in  order  that 


the  beauties  may  be  visible :  its  place  in  the  flower-bed  should 
be  in  the  front,  as  it  would  be  lost  if  suffered  to  be  crowded 
by  other  plants.  The  stems  rise  to  the  height  of  about  fifteen 
inches,  and  are  justof  sufficient  strength  to  support  themselves; 
they  had  therefore  in  general  better  be  supported  by  small 
sticks,  to  prevent  injury  from  wind.  These  flowers  will  continue 
in  succession  during  the  months  of  June  and  July,  possessing 
the  various  shades  of  red,  pink,  and  yellow.  They  will  some- 
times perfect  their  seeds,  by  which  means  they  are  increased. 
This  plant  thrives  in  a  tolerably  rich  earth,  composed  of  peat, 
loam,  and  decayed  manure. 

It  is  a  native  of  Italy,  and  was  introduced  in  1759.  The 
specimen  from  which  this  figure  was  drawn  flowered  at  Messrs. 
Malcolm  and  Gray's  Nursery,  Kensington. 


REFERENCES    TO    THE    PLATE. 

1.  Standard. 
2  &  3.  Wings. 

4.  Keel. 

5.  Calyx,  stamens,  and  pistil,  magnified. 


ri.  30. 


J>ra.wn  Sc  Kn^aved  by  W,  Ctark . 


Z<m^7,.I'uiUshcdJl{arch  U'Sff.  iyloyiy^ruinllsCfraiJTnosterJfow. 


36. 

ROBINIA   HISPIDA. 

Rose  Acacia. 


DiADELPHTA.  DeCANDRIA. 

Class  17.  Order  4. 

Robinia:  so  named  in  honour  of  John  Robin,  botanist  to  Henry  IV. 
and  Louis  XIII.  of  France. 

Linn.  gen.  n.  879.     Lhm.  stjst.  688. 

GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

CaL  Perianth  one-leafed,  small,  bell-shaped,  four-cleft :  the  three 
lower  toothlets  more  slender  3  the  upper  fourth  toothlet  wider, 
scarcely  emarginate  to  the  naked  eye  :  all  equal  in  length.  Cor. 
papilionaceous.  Standard  roundish,  larger,  spreading,  blunt.  Wings 
oblong,  ovate,  free,  with  a  very  short  blunt  appendix.  Keel  almost 
semi-orbicular,  compressed,  blunt,  the  length  of  the  wings.  Sfarn. 
Filaments  diadelphous,  (simple  and  nine-cleft,)  ascending  at  top. 
Anthers  roundish.  Pist.  Germ  cylindrical,  oblong.  Style  filiform, 
bent  upwards.  Stigma  villose  in  front,  at  the  top  of  the  style. 
Per.  Legume  large,  compressed,  gibbous,  long.  Seeds  few,  kidney- 
form. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER, 

Racemes  axillary.    Leaves  unequally  pinnate.    Stem  unarmed,  hispid. 


In  its  native  countiy  this  shrub  will  frequently  attain  the  height 
of  twenty  feet,  but  in  Britain  is  rarely  half  that  height.  The 
young  branches  are  armed  with  closely  set  brown  bristly  hairs, 
in  some  measure  resembling  the  RaspbeiTy,  but  the  hairs  are 


more  evident  in  this  shrub.  The  leaflets  are  in  six  or  seven 
pairs.  The  peduncles  hang  down  with  large  clusters  of  pink 
flowers,  each  flower  on  a  separate  pedicel.  The  legumes  are 
flat  and  oblong. 

This  shrub  from  its  foliage  alone  is  a  truly  ornamental  plant; 
added  to  which,  the  beautiful  racemes  of  pink  flowers  with 
which  it  is  adorned  entitles  it  to  be  ranked  among  the  most 
ornamental  shrubs.  The  place  which  it  should  occupy  is  the 
front  of  the  plantation,  as  its  flowers  are  produced  close  to  the 
branches,  and  many  of  them  towards  the  lower  part  of  the 
plant ;  consequently,  if  it  were  closely  surrounded  with  taller- 
growing  shrubs,  much  of  its  beauty  would  be  lost.  It  never- 
theless must  be  in  a  situation  somewhat  sheltered  from  the 
wind,  as  the  branches  are  of  that  brittle  nature  as  to  be  fre- 
quently much  damaged  by  it:  it  is  through  this  liability 
to  break  that  this  shrub  is  rarely  grown  as  a  standard  tree, 
though  when  so  grown  it  has  a  very  interesting  appearance. 
These  are  obtained  through  being  worked  upon  the  common 
Acacia  with  stems  about  six  feet  high ;  and  where  they  can  be 
protected  from  injury,  their  introduction  in  this  form  is  very 
desirable.  In  addition  to  the  process  of  grafting,  this  shrub 
is  raised  from  seeds  imported  from  America,  to  which  country 
it  is  indigenous.  It  was  introduced  here  in  1758.  It  flourishes 
in  a  light  vegetable  earth  with  a  portion  of  loam. 

This  figure  was  drawn  from  a  specimen  from  Mi'.  Mackay's, 
Belgrave  Nursery,  King's  Road. 


REFERENCE    TO    THE    PLATE. 

Calyx,  stamens,  and  pistil. 


n.3y. 


Dravn  i'EmrTaveci  iy  W.  Car/c. 


/.cm/im.PnNcs/ifd  fy  /.maman  Sc  C'.ra&jyjo.'terJi^,  April  2cf26 . 


37. 

COREOPSIS    TINCTORIA. 

Dyeing  Tick-seed  Sunflower. 


Syngenesia.  Polygamia-Frustranea. 

Class  19.  Orders. 

Coreopsis  :  from  x.opis,  cimex,  a  bug  or  tick  ;  and  o^^/is,  fades,  ap- 
pearance ;  the  seeds  having  some  resemblance  to  these  insects. 

Linn.  gen.  ?z.  981 . 

GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

Cal.  common,  either  simple,  subimbricate,  or  doubled  j  the  exterior 
usually  with  eight  leaflets,  which  are  coarse,  and  placed  in  a  circle  3 
the  interior  with  as  many  larger  ones,  membranaceous,  and  colour- 
ed. Cor.  compound  rayed  :  corollets  hermaphrodite  numerous  in 
the  disk  :  females  eight  in  the  ray.  Stam.  in  the  hermaphrodites  : 
filaments  five,  capillary,  very  short.  Anther  cylindric,  tubular. 
Pist.  in  the  hermaphrodites  :  germ  compressed ;  style  filiform, 
length  of  the  stamens  ;  stigma  bifid,  acute,  slender :  in  the  females, 
germ  like  the  hermaphrodites ;  style  and  stigma  none.  Per.  none. 
Calyx  scarcely  altered.  Seed  in  the  hermaphrodite  solitary,  orbi- 
culate,  convex  on  one  side,  concave  on  the  other,  with  a  transverse 
protuberance  at  top  and  bottom,  surrounded  by  a  membranaceous 
edge,  with  a  two-horned  tip  :  in  the  females  none.  Recept.  chaffy. 

SPECIFIC    CUAKACTER. 

Leaves  linear,  pinnate,  opposite  ^  the  rays  of  the  flower  dark  red  near 
the  disk. 


Stem  about  three  feet  in  height,  smooth,  and  round.  Branches 
dichotomous,  on  which  the  leaves  are  placed  opposite,  with 
numerous  linear  leaflets,  deeply  pinnated.  Flowers  terminating 
the  branches,  generally  about  three,  on  rather  long  pedicels. 
The  ray  of  the  corolla  is  composed  of  seven  or  eight  yellow 
petals,  with  deep  red  toward  the  disk.  The  disk  is  of  a  dark 
browTi  or  red. 

This  new  and  showy  annual  may  be  considered  a  great 
acquisition  to  our  gardens, 

" where'er  she 

Rolls  her  dark  eye,  and  waves  her  golden  hair." 

From  the  beauty  of  its  flowers  it  may  be  said  to  have  eclipsed 
all  the  other  species  of  this  family :  the  bright  golden  appear- 
ance of  its  petals,  contrasted  with  the  rich  dark  disk  in  the 
centre,  renders  it  remarkably  conspicuous.  Its  free  disposition 
to  flower,  and  the  continued  succession  of  blooms  with  which 
this  plant  is  decked,  demand  for  it  a  conspicuous  place  in  the 
flower-border.  It  is  readily  raised  from  seeds,  which  should 
be  sown  about  the  middle  of  February  in  a  moderate  heat. 
The  young  plants  should  be  potted  off  when  about  an  inch  in 
height,  gradually  brought  into  the  open  air,  and  planted  in 
the  ground  early  in  May,  in  light  garden  mould.  The  gaiety 
and  duration  of  the  flowers  of  this  annual  beauty  will  render 
it  an  ever-pleasing  acquisition  to  the  flower-border.  It  may 
with  good  effect  be  planted  in  small  beds,  forming  a  group 
of  itself,  either  in  the  pleasure-ground  or  flower-garden. 

It  is  a  native  of  Mexico,  and  was  introduced  in  1 824. 

This  specimen  was  obtained  from  Messrs.  Allen  and  Ro- 
gers's Union  Nursery,  King's  Road. 


/>rawn  ScJ^nff  raved  iy  W,  ClarA; . 


London..  PcOilished  iry  Imff^'ufn.  ScCfFaii'.moster2iow, .4prU  JS20-. 


38. 

GENTIANA   ASCLEPIADEA. 

Swallow-wort  Gentian. 


Pentandrta.  Digynia. 

Class  5.  Order  2. 

Linn.  spec.  329.     Bot.  Mag.  1078. 

GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

Vide  Gentiana  acaulis.    PI.  2. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER. 

Corolla  five-cleft,  bell-shaped,  opposite,  sessile.     Leaves  stem-clasp- 
ing. 


Stem  upright,  about  one  foot  in  height.  Leaves  smooth,  em- 
bracing the  stem,  and  terminating  in  an  acute  point :  they  are 
strono-ly  marked  with  veins  terminating  at  the  point.  Flowers 
bell-shaped,  in  pairs,  and  of  a  beautiful  blue.  This  species  is 
sometimes  confounded  with  G.  septenifida,  as  the  corolla  is 
sometimes  six-  or  seven-cleft ;  but  it  may  be  distinguished  in 
having  the  flowers  in  a  spike  nearly  half  down  the  stalk. 

The  interesting  species  of  this  tribe  of  plants  demand  the 
attention  of  every  cultivator  and  admirer  of  flowers:  they 
form  a  leading  feature  in  almost  every  flower-border ;  nor  are 
they  wanting  among  the  ornaments  on  rock-work.     Some  of 


the  species  are  very  humble  in  point  of  growth, — others  more 
aspiring ;  but  they  all  individually  possess  attractive  beauties. 
As  long  as  the  weather  will  permit  a  bloom  to  assist  in  the 
decoration  of  the  flower-garden,  some  of  the  species  of  this 
family  are  found  lending  their  aid  in  the  general  beauty  of  the 
scene.  The  present  species  is  particularly  worthy  of  enco- 
mium. Its  spike  of  handsome  blue  flowers  tinged  with  purple, 
intermixed  with  rich  green  leaves,  makes  it  an  acquisition 
either  to  the  flower-garden  or  the  herbaceous  border ;  while 
its  splendid  flowers  conspicuously  shine  during  the  months  of 
July  and  August.  It  is  readily  raised  by  seeds,  which  should 
be  sown  soon  after  they  acquire  maturity,  as  they  do  not  freely 
vegetate  after  being  kept.  If  the  seeds  be  sown  as  soon  as 
ripe  in  the  autumn,  they  should  be  kept  in  the  seed-pots  under 
hand-glasses  or  frames  through  the  winter :  in  the  following 
spring  they  should  be  potted  off*  into  other  pots,  where  they 
may  remain  until  of  sufficient  size  to  plant  in  the  borders. 

This  plant  is  a  native  of  Austria,  and  was  introduced  in  1629. 

This  figure  was  drawn  firom  a  specimen  which  flowered  at 
Cashiobury,  the  seat  of  the  earl  of  Essex. 


Fl.dQ. 


i^itL/^'.it-.^.^ 


2>7-atm  ScZnaravrd  ly  W,  Clarfc. 


/.,m^o7i, Fuilished  6  Z.w^w<7??  tCfalyrn/^sierSiW,  Jjt^t/ /•Tie' . 


ASCLEPIAS   TUBEROSA. 

Tuberous  Swallow- wort. 


Pentandria.  Digynia. 

Class  5.  Order  2. 

AscLEPiAS  :  from  Msculapius,  on  account  of  the  medicinal  properties 
some  of  the  species  in  this  genus  possess. 

Linn.  gen.  n,  306.     Linn.  spec.  316. 

GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

Cal.  Perianth  five-cleft,  sharp,  very  small,  permanent.  Cor.  mono- 
petalous,  flat  or  reflex,  five-parted  ;  divisions  ovate,  acuminate. 
Nectaries  five,  growing  to  the  base  of  the  filaments  below  the  an- 
thers, fleshy ;  protruding  from  the  bottom  a  sharp  horn  bending 
inwards.  Sfani.  Filaments  five,  collected  into  a  tube  swelling  at 
the  base.  Anthers  oblong,  upright,  two-celled,  terminated  by  an 
inflex  membrane  lying  on  the  stigma,  having  a  reversed  wing  on 
each  side,  growing  broader  downwards,  with  its  edge  contiguous  to 
the  next.  The  pollen  is  collected  into  ten  corpuscles,  inversely 
lanceolate,  hanging  down  into  the  cells  of  the  anther  by  short 
threads  frequently  flexuose,  which  are  annexed  by  pairs  to  five  car- 
tilaginous twin  tubercles,  each  placed  on  the  tip  of  the  wings  of 
the  anthers,  adhering  to  the  angles  of  the  stigma  between  the  an- 
thers. Pist.  Germs  two,  oblong,  acuminate.  Styles  two,  subulate. 
Stigma  common  to  both,  large,  thick,  five-cornered,  covered  at  the 
top  by  the  apexes  of  the  anthers,  umbilicate  in  the  middle.  Per. 
Follicles  two,  large,  oblong,  acuminate,  swelling,  one-celled,  one- 
valved.  Seeds  numerous,  imbricate,  crowned  with  down.  Receptacle 
membranaceous,  free. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER. 

Leaves  lanceolate.     Stem  divaricate,  hairy. 


Root  tuberous.  Stems  from  a  foot  to  a  foot  and  a  half  in 
height,  hairy,  round,  dusky  red.  Leaves  alternate,  except  on 
the  upper  part  of  the  stem.  The  flowers  in  large  clusters  at 
the  extremity  of  the  stems,  of  a  bright  orange. 

This  very  splendid  herbaceous  plant  would,  no  doubt,  be 
found  to  adorn  every  garden  if  its  propagation  were  more 
easily  effected.  Unfortunately,  it  does  not  perfect  its  seed  in 
this  country,  and  consequently  it  can  be  increased  but  slowly 
by  its  root  alone. 

In  its  native  country  (North  America),  it  is  found  growing 
very  luxuriantly  in  sandy  gravel,  where  its  roots  frequently 
penetrate  to  the  depth  of  three  feet,  and  of  proportionate  bulk. 
The  smaller-sized  roots  are  sometimes  imported  into  this  coun- 
try in  very  good  preservation  when  packed  in  sand  or  in  moss. 
These  roots  thrive  very  well  when  planted  in  sandy  earth. 
Upon  a  sandy  or  gravelly  bank  it  flourishes,  which  renders  it 
well  adapted  for  rock-work,  where  its  fine  orange  clusters  of 
flowers  may  be  shown  to  advantage.  The  height  it  generally 
attains  is  about  a  foot  and  a  half;  and  when  in  a  soil  and  situa- 
tion in  which  it  delights,  scarcely  any  herbaceous  plant  can 
vie  with  it  for  splendour.  The  beauty  of  these  flowers  is 
apparent  in  the  months  of  July  and  August,  during  which 
time,  others  of  the  same  genera  are  in  flower ;  as  A.  amcena, 
A.  syriactti  and  A.  incarnata,  which,  though  not  equal  in 
beauty  to  tuberosa,  are  nevertheless  worthy  of  cultivation,  and 
will  look  well  in  the  same  bed  contrasted  with  each  other. 
This  was  introduced  in  1690. 


REFERENCES    TO    THE    PLATE. 


1.  External  petal 

2.  Internal  petal,  forming  the  nectary 

3.  The  nectary,  showing  the  projecting  barren  filament 

4.  Showing  the  position  of  the  stamens^  the  situation  of  an  outer 

petal,  and  part  of  the  calyx 

5.  The  pistil 


y3 


40. 

PASSIFLORA    C^RULEA-RACEMOSA. 

Whitley's  Hybrid  Passion-Flower. 


MONADELPHIA.  PeNTANDRIA. 

Class  16.  Order  2. 

Passiflora  ;  formerly  called  Flos  Fassionis,  from  a  fancy  that  all  tlie 
instruments  of  our  Saviour's  Passion  were  displayed  in  the  flower, 

Linn.  gen.  n.  1021.      Hort.  Soc.  Trans. 

GENERIC    CHARACTER, 

Cal.  Perianth  five-parted_,  flat,  coloured.  Cor.  Petals  five,  semi-lan- 
ceolate, flat,  blunt,  of  the  same  size  and  form  with  the  calyx, 
Stam.  Filaments  five,  awl-shaped,  fastened  to  a  column  at  the  base 
of  the  germ,  and  united  at  the  bottom,  spreading.  Anthers  incum- 
bent, oblong,  blunt.  Fist.  Germ  roundish,  placed  on  the  apex  of 
a  straight  cylindrical  column.  Styles  three,  thicker  above,  spread- 
ing. Stigmas  capitate.  Fer.  Berry  fleshy,  subovate,  one-celled, 
pedicelled.  Seeds  very  many,  ovate,  arilled.  Recept.  of  the  seeds 
triple,  growing  longitudinally  to  the  rind  of  the  pericarp. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER, 

Leaves  3 — 5 -parted.  Segments  thinly  lanceolate,  leathery,  sharp  at 
the  point.  Cabjx  of  lanceolate  segments,  loose  and  keeled. 


Steini  flexuose,  climbing,  round,  and  of  a  bright  green  with 
a  partial  tinge  of  red :  it  throws  out  tendrils,  by  which  it 
attaches  itself  to  whatever  it  reaches.  Leaves  three-lobed,  of 
a  dark  green  above,  but  paler  underneath,  and  strongly  marked 


with  red  veins.  Stipules  in  paiz's,  at  the  base  of  the  leaf-stalk. 
Calyx  green.  Petals  concave,  pale  purple  and  red.  Flowers 
solitary. 

Of  the  numerous  varieties  of  Passion-Flower  lately  obtained, 
the  present  very  handsome  variety  was  the  first.  It  was  raised 
by  Mr.  Milne  (of  the  firm  of  Whitley,  Brames  and  Milne, 
Fulham,)  hi  the  year  1819.  It  was  obtained  by  impregnating 
some  flowers  of  P.  cderulea  with  the  farina  of  P.  racemosa. 
This  experiment  has  produced  a  variety  possessing  the  com- 
bined beauties  of  these  two  species,  as  well  as  the  desirable 
property  of  being  hardy. 

" here  beauty  plays 

Her  idle  freaks  ;  from  family  diffused 

To  family,  as  flies  the  father  dust. 

The  varied  colours  run  :  and  while  they  break 

On  the  charm'd  eye,  th'  exulting  Florist  marks 

With  secret  pride  the  wonders  of  his  hand." 

Mr.  Milne  has  produced  many  other  varieties  as  well  as  the 
present ;  and  his  success  gave  the  stimulus  to  other  botanists 
to  similar  experiments,  which  have  led  to  the  production  of 
many  varieties,  both  hardy  and  tender.  The  luxuriant  habit 
of  growth  and  the  free  disposition  to  flower,  render  this  a 
desirable  shrub  for  covering  a  building  or  trellis-work  where 
beauty  is  required.  The  free  disposition  of  this  climber  to 
flower  makes  it  very  acceptable  to  entwine  among  others 
which,  though  luxuriant  in  foliage,  are  deficient  in  bloom. 
The  foliage  is  of  itself  ornamental,  and  may  indeed  be  said  to 
be  excelled  by  no  other  shrub.  The  facility  with  which  this 
plant  is  increased  by  layers  has  enabled  its  numerous  admirers 
to  become  possessed  of  it.  It  should  be  planted  in  a  south  or 
south-east  aspect,  in  light  garden  mould;  and  it  will  produce  a 
profusion  of  flowers  from  July  until  checked  by  the  frost. 

This  specimen  was  drawn  from  a  fine  plant  which  flowered 
at  Messrs.  Whidey,  Brames,  and  Mihie's. 


T1..41- 


rjr.:w,  .v-7'.?jtrr.ivi'4  H  If.Ciarfc. 


41. 

LOBELIA   FULGENS. 

Fulgent  Lobelia. 


;        Pentandria.  Monogynia. 

Class  5.  Older  1. 

Lobelia  :  from  Matthias  de  Lobel,  a  Flemish  botanist,  who  was  phy- 
sician to  King  James  I. 

Linn.  gen.  n.  1006. 

GENERIC    CHARACTER, 

Cal.  Perianth  one-leafed,  five-cleft,  very  small,  growing  round  the 
germ,  withering ;  toothlets  nearly  equal.  Cor.  one-petaled,  irre- 
gular ;  the  tube  cylindric,  longer  than  the  calyx,  divided  longitu- 
dinally above ;  border  five-parted ;  divisions  lanceolate,  of  which 
the  two  superior  ones  are  smaller,  less  reflex,  more  deeply  divided, 
constituting  an  upper  lip  j  the  three  inferior  ones  more  spreading, 
frequently  larger.  Stam.  Filaments  five,  awl-shaped,  the  length  of 
the  tube  of  the  petal,  connate  above.  Anthers  connate  into  an 
oblong  cylinder,  gaping  five  ways  at  the  base.  Pist.  Germ  sharp- 
pointed,  inferior.  Style  cylindric,  length  of  the  stamens.  Stigma 
obtuse,  hispid.  Per.  Capsule  ovate,  two-  or  three-celled,  two-  or 
Ihree-valved,  gaping  at  the  top,  girt  by  the  calyx.  Seeds  many, 
very  small.     Recept.  conic. 

SPECIFIC    CHAKACTKR. 

Leaves  oblong,  lanceolate,  rather  serrate,  slightly  villose ;  flowers  in 
a  spike. 

Root  white  and  very  fibrous.    Leaves  closely  succeeding  each 
other  on  the  stalk ;  they  are  lanceolate,  of  a  blueish  green. 


with  a  kind  of  pubescence  on  its  surface  giving  it  an  appear- 
ance of  velvet.  Stem  erect,  rising  to  the  height  of  about  three 
feet.  The  flowers  are  of  a  brilliant  scarlet,  and  form  a  spike 
at  the  end  of  the  stem. 

The  splendour  of  this  herbaceous  perennial  is  such  as  to 
call  forth  the  admiration  of  every  beholder.  Whether  it  be 
intermixed  in  the  herbaceous  border,  or  in  a  bed  forming  a 
group  of  the  hardy  species  of  this  genus,  among  which  there 
are  many  possessing  much  beauty,  it  will  nevertheless  be  pro- 
minent for  brilliancy.  It  may  be  grown  to  great  perfection  in 
pots,  for  the  purpose  of  ornamenting  flower-houses  during  the 
summer  months ;  for  this  purpose  it  should  be  cultivated  by 
means  of  artificial  heat  in  the  early  part  of  the  season,  and 
may  by  this  method  be  made  to  obtain  the  height  of  five  or 
six  feet,  although  in  the  open  border  it  rarely  exceeds  the 
height  of  three  feet :  its  earliest  flowers  appear  in  July,  with  a 
succession  until  the  end  of  August. 

Every  facility  is  afforded  by  this  plant  for  rapid  propagation 
and  general  cultivation :  it  freely  increases  by  its  roots,  which 
may  be  separated  in  the  month  of  March,  very  small  portions 
of  which  will  produce  plants.  It  thrives  well  in  a  light  rich 
earth,  composed  of  portions  of  light  garden  mould,  decayed 
leaves,  and  rotten  manure.  It  is  a  native  of  North  America. 
The  date  of  its  introduction  is  not  correctly  ascertained. 


REFERENCES    TO    THE    PLATE. 

1.  The  stamens  exhibited,  showing  their  union  at  the  anthers. 

2.  The  pistil,  with  the  corolla  and  calyx  removed. 


Tl.  4Z. 


2>mwn  SrS-nfmvti/  ty  JV.  Clnr/t. 


Zinion,I'uddiJ'^£t^  fy  ZonffTnan  Ic  C^ PaterTiiisifr  Jiew,  Mn-  JS26\ 


42. 

PHLOX   SETACEA. 

Bristly  Lychnidea. 


Pentandria.  Monogynia. 

Class  5,  Order  1. 

Linn.  gen.  n.  214,     Linn.  spec.  217. 

GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

Vide  Phlox  carnea.  PI.  16. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER. 

Leaves  bristly-shaped,  smooth;  flowers  solitary. 


The  stalks  if  they  be  tied  up  will  rise  about  one  foot  in 
height ;  but  in  their  natural  position  trail  upon  the  ground, 
raifing  some  stems  and  flowers  about  four  or  five  inches.  The 
leaves  are  closely  set  upon  the  lower  part  of  the  stem ;  they 
are  of  a  dark  green,  somewhat  hairy,  and  have  a  very  bristly 
appearance,  from  whence  is  its  name.  The  flowers  are  of  a 
light  purple,  and  larger  than  those  of  subulata ,  from  which 
this  plant  differs  also  in  the  leaves,  which  are  finer  and  more 
hairy  than  those  of  subulata. 

This  little  herbaceous  plant  is  peculiarly  adapted  for  rock- 
work:  in  such  a  situation,  though  humble  in  its  habit  of 
growth,  its  profusion  of  flowers  will  be  shown  to  great  advan- 


tage.  It  may  also  be  well  recommended  for  decorating  the 
herbaceous  border :  indeed  it  appears  with  marked  splendour 
and  is  viewed  with  great  interest  intermixed  with  other  dwarf- 
growing  herbaceous  plants.  The  flowers  are  pink  with  some- 
what of  a  purplish  tinge,  and  appear  in  the  months  of  June 
and  July,  at  which  time  others  of  the  same  genus  are  m  flower 
with  which  it  may  be  intermixed,  as  P.  amccna^  P.  suhulata^ 
P.  carnea ;  and  for  a  fiirther  contrast  of  colours,  the  following 
dwarf  plants  would  appear  as  companions  to  advantage :  Gen- 
tiana  verna,  JRhexia  virginica^  Globularia  nudicaidis,  Chironia 
Centaurium^Spigelia  mar ilandica,  and  Androsace  carnea.  These 
in  combination  are  alike  applicable  for  rock-work  or  for  the 
herbaceous  border.  The  plant  here  figured  thrives  in  a  light 
open  earth,  and  is  readily  propagated  by  cuttings,  which  should 
be  taken  off  about  the  beginning  of  July  and  placed  under  a 
hand-glass  in  a  shaded  situation,  and  in  the  following  spring 
should  be  planted  out  or  potted  as  may  be  required.  It  is  a 
native  of  North  America,  and  was  introduced  in  1790.  The 
specimen  from  which  the  drawing  for  this  figure  was  made, 
flowered  at  Mr.  Knight's  Nm-sery,  King's  Road,  Chelsea. 


REFERENCES    TO    THE    PLATE. 


1 .  Corolla  cut  open,  showing  ihe  insertion  of  the  stamens  in  the  tube 

of  the  corolla,  and  the  pistil  and  calyx  at  the  base. 

2.  Pistil  magnified. 


Tl.43. 


DroMm  &-S7!ff  raved  ly  W,  Clar/c. 


Zondon,ruMished  IryZariffman  &  CfTaZemo.''terJtcnv,MayJS26 . 


43. 

DELPHINIUM    ELEGANS  ,3  PLENO. 
Dark  Purple  Larkspur. 


POLYANDRIA.  TriGYNIA. 

Class  13.  Order  3. 

GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

Vide  Delphinium  mesoleucum.  PI.  29. 

SPECIFIC    CIIAKACTER. 

Leaves  smooth,  five-parted  5  lobes  lanceolated.     Calyx  shorter  than 
the  petals  5  the  spur  curved. 


The  stems  generally  attain  about  three  feet  in  height,  some- 
times highei*,  and  generally  about  three  or  four  from  the  same 
root.  Leaves  of  a  light  green,  much  fainter  on  the  under  side, 
very  much  divided  into  deeply  laciniated  segments.  The 
flowers  are  closely  but  irregularly  disposed  along  the  stem ; 
they  are  supported  each  on  a  peduncle  from  one  to  two  inches 
long,  and  are  of  a  beautiful  dark  purple,  and  in  this  variety 
double. 

While  examining  the  conspicuous  ornaments  of  the  herba- 
ceous border,  this  variety  of  Delphinium  elegans  will  be  found 
to  claim  peculiar  attention.  It  is  distinguished  as  a  variety 
from  the  true  species  by  its  double  flowers,  from  whence  it  is 


named :  it  is  also  more  luxuriant  in  its  growth,  and  the  flow- 
ers appear  in  greater  profusion  as  well  as  richer  in  colour. 
These  variations  render  it  truly  desirable  for  general  cultiva- 
tion.    The  showy  appearance  displayed  by  this  plant  in  the 
flower-bed  is  equalled  by  few  others,  and  it  decidedly  eclipses 
all  its  brethren  of  this  genus.    The  leading  or  main  stems  are 
generally  about  three   feet  in  height,  supporting  handsome 
spikes  of  dark  purple  flowers ;  these  are  succeeded  by  smaller 
stems  springing  from  the  root,  which  attain  the  height  of  about 
a  foot  and  a  half,  producing  flowers,  though  not  in  so  great 
abundance.     Thus  a  succession  of  flowers  is  produced  for  a 
considerable  time ;  especially  so  if  the  larger  stems  be  cut 
down  immediately  after  they  have  produced  their  flowers :  by 
pursuing  this  mode  the  plants  may  be  kept  in  beauty  through 
the  months  of  July,  August,  and  September.    It  grows  freely 
in  a  light  vegetable  earth,  and  is  increased  by  separating  the 
roots,  which  should  be  done  early  in  April,  the  season  at 
which  the  young  roots  are  beginning  to  appear.    When  sepa- 
ratino-  large  roots,  each  portion  should  have  one  or  two  shoots, 
which  will  flower  the  same  season  they  are  separated.     This 
is  the  only  process  of  propagating  this  variety.     The  species 
from  which  this  variety  has  emanated  is  a  native  of  the  North 
of  Europe,  and  was  introduced  about  1750. 


rLd4- 


Dravn  Si:£nffrave<f  fy  Iff  Clarfc. 


44. 

AMARYLLIS    CONCINNA. 

Blush  Amaryllis. 


Hexandria.  Monogynia. 

Class  6.  Order  1. 

Amaryllis  :  supposed  to  be  derived  either  from  a  shepherdCvSS  of 
that  name  in  Virgil,  or  from  ai/^apvyy],  splendour,  in  allusion  to 
the  beauty  which  this  genus  possesses. 

Linn.  gen.  n.  406.     Bot.  Reg.  902. 

GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

Cat.  Spathe  oblong,  obtuse,  compressed,  emarginate,  gaping  on  the 
flat  side  and  withering.  Cor.  Petals  six,  lanceolate.  Nectary  six 
very  short  scales,  without  the  base  of  the  filaments.  Stain.  Fila- 
ments six,  awl-shaped,  with  oblong  incumbent  rising  anthers.  Pist. 
Germ  roundish,  furrowed,  inferior.  Style  filiform,  almost  the  length 
and  in  the  situation  of  the  stamens.  Stigma  trifid,  slender.  Per. 
a  sub-ovate,  three-celled^  three-valved  capsule.     Seeds  several. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER. 

Leaves  erect,  linear,  obtuse.  Scape  long.  Spathe  simple,  exceed- 
ing the  peduncle.  Corolla  tubular,  bell-shaped,  longer  than  the 
peduncle. 

Root  bulbous,  small.  Leaves  six  to  nine  inches  long,  erect, 
linear,  smooth  on  each  side,  light  green,  acute  at  the  end. 
Scape  nearly  a  foot  in  height,  round,  hollow,  smooth,  bright 
green,  approaching  to  red  towards  the  base,  one-flowered. 
Peduncle  an  inch  and  a  half  in  length.  Spathe  one-leafed, 
undivided,  longer  than  the  peduncle.  Corolla  six-petaled, 
funnel-shaped,  three  inches  long,  bright  pink. 

This  interesting  bulb  has  been  figured  in  the  Botanical  Re- 


gister  under  the  name  Zephyranthes  grandijlora.  Unwilling 
to  attach  this  plant  to  a  new  genus,  foi*  the  formation  of  which 
no  characters  sufficiently  remarkable  appear,  and  wishing  to 
avoid  the  confusion  occasioned  by  adopting  new  names  which 
no  essential  characters  will  warrant,  the  present  plant  is  here 
arranged  under  the  genus  Ama7-yllis,  to  which  the  character 
and  general  appearance  bear  so  exact  a  resemblance,  that  no 
objection  is  anticipated  to  this  adaptation : — for  these  reasons 
some  other  plants  that  have  been  figured  in  this  publication 
are  attached  to  the  genus  to  which  they  seemed  more  decidedly 
to  belong,  in  preference  to  some  of  the  new  genera  lately  intro- 
duced. The  desire  of  many  botanists  to  form  new  genera  upon 
the  most  trivial  variations,  may  prove  that  they  possess  an  ex- 
tensive knowledge  of  the  science;  but  it  nevertheless  serves  to 
involve  in  mystery  and  confusion  that  science,  which  it  should 
certainly  be  wished  were  rendered  as  simple  as  possible. 

From  the  recent  introduction  of  this  plant,  it  has  not  yet 
stood  the  test  of  our  winters :  there  is  however  every  reason 
to  suppose  it  perfectly  hardy,  from  the  circumstance  of  many 
other  bulbs  introduced  from  the  same  country  flourishing  in 
open  borders.  The  same  precaution,  however,  should  be  taken 
with  this  as  with  those  alluded  to,  by  planting  it  in  a  light  open 
and  sandy  earth,  upon  a  dry  border,  with  the  additional  care 
of  strewing  some  dry  litter  on  the  surface  of  the  bed  during 
the  winter.  By  observing  these  particulars  there  is  little 
doubt  but  it  will  be  found  to  flourish  and  become  as  hardy  as 
A.  Atamasco  and  A.  lutea.  This  bulb  with  others,  was  intro- 
duced last  year  (1825),  by  Lord  Napier,  from  Mexico,  which 
country  abounds  with 

" fresh  verdure  and  unnumber'd  flowers. 

The  negligence  of  Nature,  wide  and  wild  ; 
Where  undisguised  by  mimic  art,  she  spreads 
Unbounded  beauty  to  the  roving  eye." 

This  specimen  flowered  in  the  hot-house  of  A.  B.  Lambert, 
Esq.,  Boyton  House,  Wilts,  through  whose  kindness  the  pre- 
sent figure  has  been  permitted  to  be  engraved. 


ri.  AS. 


Z>rnv7!  Sc£?ij?mved  iy  W,  CCarfc. 


45. 

ADONIS    VERNALIS. 

Spring  Adonis, 


POLYANDRIA.  PoLYGYNIA. 

Class  13.  Order  7. 

Adonis  :  from  Adonis  in  the  Heathen  mythology,  famed  as  being 
the  favourite  of  Venus. 

Linn.  gen.  n.  698.     Linn.  spec.  7/1.  syst.  .514. 

GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

Cal.  Perianth  five-leaved ;  leaflets  obtuse,  concave,  a  little  coloured, 
deciduous.  Cor.  Petals  five  to  fifteen,  oblong,  obtuse,  shining. 
Stam.  Filaments  very  short,  subulate.  Anthers  oblong,  inflex. 
Pist.  Germs  numerous,  in  a  head.  Styles  none.  Stigmas  acute, 
refle.K.  Per.  none.  Recept.  oblong,  spiked.  Seeds  numerous, 
irregular,  angular,  gibbous  at  the  base,  reflex  at  the  top,  a  little 
prominent^  naked. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER. 

Flowers  twelve-petaled ;  heads  of  seeds  ovate. 


Root  herbaceous ;  stem  from  twelve  to  eighteen  inches  in 
height,  closely  set  with  deeply  pinnated  leaves,  and  termi- 
nated by  a  solitary  yellow  flower,  the  calyx  of  which  is  of  a 
rich  brown :  the  exterior  part  of  the  petals,  towards  their 
points,  partaking  of  the  same  colour ;  the  interior  of  the  same 
of  a  bright  yellow. 


Plants  which  appear  as  early  m  the  season  as  this  species 
oi  Adonis  have  a  decided  claim  to  our  notice.  After  the  long 
and  dreary  months  while  vegetation  has  been  lying  dormant, 
it  is  with  peculiar  delight  we  view  these  flowers  thus  early 
waking  to  life  and  beauty.  This  plant  is  not  merely  early  in 
the  production  of  its  flowers,  but  where  it  has  been  so  long 
estabHshed  as  to  produce  a  tuft  of  any  considerable  magni- 
tude, the  luxuriance  of  its  large  yellow  flowers  contributes  con- 
siderably to  decorate  the  flower-border.  From  its  being  per- 
fectly hardy  and  growing  well  in  any  prepared  border,  it  may 
with  good  effect  be  placed  amongst  many  low  shrubberies, 
where,  mixed  wath  a  few  other  early  flowering  herbaceous 
plants,  it  will  assist  to  satisfy  the  eye  previous  to  the  shrubs 
themselves  showing  forth  their  verdure  and  floral  beauty.  It 
is  readily  increased  by  separating  the  roots  early  in  March, 
about  the  end  of  which  its  flowers  begin  to  appear,  a  suc- 
cession of  which  is  produced  throughout  April.  It  is  a  native 
of  the  North  of  Europe,  and  was  introduced  in  1731.  This 
specimen  was  figured  from  the  herbaceous  border  at  Messrs. 
Malcolm  and  Gray's  Nursery,  Kensington. 


n.46. 


-^.^..*v  Ai/  W  r7/7r^.  . 


46. 

GLYCINE    SINENSIS. 
Chinese  Glycine. 


DiADELPHIA.  DeCANDRIA. 

Class  17.  Older  4. 

Glycine  :  from  y\uKvr,  sweet. 

Linn,  gen,  n.  868. 

GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

Cal.  Perianth  one-leafed,  compressed  ;  mouth  two-lipped  j  upper  lip 
emarginate,  obtuse  ;  lower  one  longer,  trifid,  acute.  Cor.  Papilio- 
naceous. Banner  obcordate,  the  sides  bent  down,  the  back  gib- 
bous, the  tip  emarginate,  straight,  repelled  from  the  keel.  Wings 
oblong,  towards  the  tip  ovate,  small,  bent  downwards.  Keel  linear, 
sickle-shaped,  bent  upwards  at  the  tip,  pressing  the  banner  up- 
wards, obtuse,  towards  the  tip  broader.  Stam.  Filaments  dia- 
delphous,  (simple  and  nine-cleft,)  only  a  little  divided  at  the  tip, 
rolled  back.  Anthers  simple.  Pist.  Germ  oblong.  Style  cylin- 
dric,  rolled  back.  Stigma  obtuse.  Per.  Legume  oblong.  Seed 
kidney-form. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER. 

Stem  shrubby,  twining ;  leaves  divided  into  pairs  ;  leaflets  ovate- 
acuminate,  downy. 


Branches  shrubby,  long  and  pliant :  the  flowers  produced 
generally  from  small  spurs,  and  begin  to  make  their  appear- 


ance  before  the  leaves,  which  succeed  the  flowers,  and  are 
divided  into  pairs  of  leaflets,  and  are  of  a  pubescent  or  downy 
natui'e. 

Among  the  numerous  showy  and  ornamental  shrubs  intro- 
duced from  China,  the  present  species  of  Glycine  demands  a 
considerable  degree  of  admiration.  Scarcely  any  other  climb- 
ing shrub  can  vie  widi  it  in  the  beauty  and  profusion  of  its 
delicately  tinted  racemes  of  flowers.  Its  light  azure  hue 
gives  such  an '  airiness  to  the  whole  plant,  that,  added  to 
the  delightful  odour  emitted,  it  seems  formed  to  realize  all 
the  floral  beauties  that  poetical  license  has  figured  to  the 
imagination.  In  the  conservatory  this  shrub  is  truly  con- 
spicuous ;  for  when  planted  in  the  ground,  its  growth  is 
remarkably  luxuriant,  producing  shoots  of  above  ten  feet  in 
length  in  one  season.  These  shoots,  when  trained  and  spread 
out  upon  light  wire-work  extending  over  the  roof  of  the  house, 
produce,  during  the  month  of  April,  a  dense  mass  of  delicate 
flowers.  Besides  decorating  the  conservatory  and  green- 
house, it  is  found  to  flourish  in  the  open  air  against  trellis- 
work,  or  in  open  borders  supported  by  a  stake.  Its  hardihood 
adds  much  to  its  recommendation,  as  it  thus  becomes  interest- 
ing to  those  who  have  not  the  convenience  of  a  glass  pro- 
tection. Virandas,  alcoves,  porticos,  and  every  description 
of  trellis-work  will  be  highly  enriched  by  the  addition  of  this 
among  other  climbing  shrubs.  When  planted  out  of  doors 
it  does  not  produce  its  flowers  and  leaves  until  about  the 
middle  of  May.  It  should  be  planted  in  an  earth  composed 
of  loam,  decayed  leaves,  and  a  small  portion  of  peat  and  sand. 
It  is  increased  by  layers  which  should  be  made  from  wood 
of  one  year  old.  The  drawing  of  the  present  figure  was  ob- 
tained through  the  kindness  of  J.  C.  Palmer,  Esq.,  of  Brom- 
ley, Kent,  who  possesses  in  his  conservatory,  among  many 
other  imported  novelties  from  China,  one  of  the  first  of  this 
species  that  was  introduced  into  this  country,  and  who  also 
has  some  of  these  plants  flourishing  in  the  open  air,  without 
affording  them  the  least  protection  from  cold. 


Fl.  47- 


H^ 


Zirawn  ScEngraved  by  W,  Clark. . 


f..ii:.i,.jA-,  r^^m^w  z-rf  F/i/frnMferHow.Junf  ys:'/>. 


47. 

CAMPANULA   PEREGRINA. 

Rough  Bell-flower. 


Pentandria.  Monogynia. 

Class  5.  Order  1. 

Campanula:  from  Carapana,  a  little  bell,  from  the  shape  of  the 
corolla. 

Linn.  gen.  n.  218.     Willd.  Sp.  PI.  1 .  p.  906.     Reich.  Sp.  PI.  p.  462. 

GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

Cat.  Perianth  five-parted,  acute,  erect,  expanding,  superior.  Cor. 
Monopetalous,  bell-form,  impervious  at  the  base,  half  five-cleft, 
marcescent ;  divisions  broad,  acute,  spreading.  Nectary  in  the 
bottom  of  the  corolla,  composed  of  five  valves,  acute,  converging, 
covering  the  receptacle.  Stam.  Filaments  five,  capillary,  very 
short,  inserted  on  the  tips  of  the  valves  of  the  nectary ;  anthers 
longer  than  the  filaments,  compressed.  Pist.  Germ  angular,  in- 
ferior :  style  filiform,  longer  than  the  stamens  ;  stigma  three-parted, 
oblong,  thickish  j  divisions  revolute.  Per.  Capsule  roundish,  an- 
gular, three-  or  five-celled,  emitting  the  seeds  at  so  many  lateral 
openings.     Seeds  numerous,  small.     Recep.  columnar,  adnate. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER. 

Leaves  ovate,  rough  j  stem  simple,  hairy  ;  corolla  spreading. 


Stem  herbaceous,  from  eighteen  inches  to  two  feet  in  height, 
round,  hairy,  and  of  a  bkieish  colour.     Leaves  ovate,  covered 


with  brown  hairs,  setting  close  to  the  stalk,  serrated  on  the 
edge,  and  somewhat  undulated.  Flowers  arranged  alternately 
along  the  stalk,  forming  a  handsome  spike  of  purple  flowers. 
The  genus  to  wh'ch  this  plant  belongs  is  deservedly  an 
universal  favourite :  it  embraces  in  its  family  a  very  numerous 
and  interesting  variety,  among  which  exists  a  wide  diffusion  of 
character  of  growth,  from  the  unassuming  C.  pumilla  and 
C.  hederacea,  rising  their  heads  but  a  few  inches  from  the 
ground,  to  the  stately  and  showy  C.  ladea,  frequently  aspiring 
to  the  height  of  nine  or  ten  feet.  These  lofty  stems  are  sur- 
rounded by  numerous  milk-white  flowers,  forming  to  appear- 
ance a  conspicuous  pillar  of  snow.  The  species  here  figured, 
though  it  does  not  claim  notice  from  its  aspiring  or  conspicu- 
ous characters,  nevertheless  calls  forth  admiration  from  the 
delicacy  of  the  purple  flowers  with  which  it  is  adorned :  it  is 
distinguished  from  others  of  the  genus  which  approach  it  in 
size  and  other  characters,  by  the  richness  of  its  dark  eye.  Its 
situation  in  the  flower-bed  must  be  near  the  front,  arranged 
with  such  other  plants  as  attain  about  one  foot  in  height  and 
flower  in  the  month  of  July.  It  will  be  found  to  flourish  in 
an  earth  composed  of  a  good  proportion  of  decayed  leaves 
and  rich  vegetable  mould.  It  sometimes  perfects  its  seeds,  by 
which  means  it  is  propagated.  It  was  introduced  about  1794', 
but  from  whence  does  not  appear  to  be  correctly  known. 
This  specimen  flowered  at  Messrs.  Whitley,  Brames,  and 
Milne's  Nursery,  Fulham. 


KEFERENCE  TO  THE  PLATE. 

Corolla  removed  showing  the  insertion  of  the  Stamens  and  Pistil. 


P7 


2>raMn  Sc'Enffrayai  <*i'  W,  ClaTfc . 


Zon.d.on.I'ubiifhed  (y  tnnffiricui.  &:C'Fater?uisUrRow,  Jtmel,?2h'. 


48. 

LATHYRUS    GRANDIFLORUS. 

Perennial  Lathyrus. 


DiADELPHIA.  DecANDRIA. 

Class  17.  Order  4. 

Lathyhus  :  from  XaQvpog  of  Theophrastus,  which  Implied  something 
of  the  pea  or  vetch  tribe. 

Lin7i.  gen.  n.  8/2.     Bot.  Mag.  1938. 

GENERIC    CHARACTER, 

Cal.  Perianth  one-leafed,  half  five-cleft,  bell-shaped  :  divisions  lance- 
olate, sharp :  the  two  upper  ones  shorter ;  the  lowest  longer. 
Cor.  papilionaceous  :  standard  obcordate,  very  large,  reflex  on  the 
sides  and  tip  :  wings  oblong,  lunulate,  short,  obtuse.  Keel  half- 
orbiculate,  size  of  the  wings,  gaping  inwards  in  the  middle,  Stam. 
Filaments  diadelphous  (single  and  nine-cleft),  rising  upwards. 
Anthers  roundish.  Pist.  Germ  compressed,  oblong,  linear.  Stvle 
erected  upwards,  flat,  wider  above,  with  sharp  tip.  Stigma,  from 
the  middle  of  the  style  to  the  tip  villose  in  front.  Per.  Legume 
very  long,  cylindric  or  compressed,  acuminate,  one-celled,  bivalve. 
Seeds  several,  cylindric,  globose,  or  but  little  cornered. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER. 

Stem  rough,  four-sided ;  peduncle  two-flowered,  naked ;  tendril 
divided  into  two  j  leaves  obovate,  undulate. 


Root  perennial.    Stem  branched,  clinging :  branches  square, 
with  rounded  angles,  rigid,  not  at  all  winged,  nor  hairy,  claspers 


generally  twice  ternate  with  oval  leaves,  rather  broadest 
towards  the  point,  viewed  undulated  at  the  margin.  Stipules 
very  narrow,  semi-sagittate.  Pedicles  nearly  equal,  united  to 
the  peduncle  by  a  joint.  Corolla  very  much  resembling 
Lathyrus  odorafus,  but  larger. 

The  want  of  a  knowledge  of  this  herbaceous  plant  must  be 
the  sole  cause  of  its  not  being  more  generally  cultivated  in  the 
flower-garden  and  herbaceous  border,  its  beauty  and  neatness 
are  surely  sufficient  to  recommend  it  to  the  notice  of  every 
admirer  of  flowers.  If  it  be  planted  against  a  trellis,  or  in  any 
situation  where  it  can  find  support,  it  will  attain  the  height  of 
about  seven  or  eight  feet,  and  the  profusion  of  flowers  which 
it  produces  during  the  months  of  July  and  August,  renders  it 
a  conspicuous  and  splendid  ornament.  It  is  not  yet  generally 
dispersed  in  collections,  but  wherever  it  is  introduced  it  is  cer- 
tain to  obtain  admiration.  It  thrives  in  a  light  mellow  earth, 
and  may  be  propagated  by  the  root  as  well  as  by  seeds,  which 
it  sometimes  produces  though  not  invariably.  It  is  a  native 
of  the  South  of  Europe,  and  was  introduced  in  1814.  The 
specimen  here  figured  was  obtained  from  Messrs.  Chandler 
and  Buckingham's  Nursery,  Vauxhall. 


REFERENCE    TO    THE    PLATE. 

Stamens,  Pistil,  and  Calyx  slightly  magnified. 


n.4-9- 


2>ra»rr,  ScS-n^aved  fy  K  Clari; . 


49. 

FUMARIA    NOBILIS. 
Large-flowered  Fumitory. 


DlADELPIIIA.  HexANDRIA, 

Class  17.  Order  2. 

Linn,  si/st.  C30.     But.  Mag.  \9i>3. 

GKNERIC    CIIARACTKR. 

Vide  PI.  28. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER. 

Stems  simple.     Bractcas  shorter  than  the  flower,  undivided. 


Herbaceous,  perennial.  Root  leaves  seven  to  nine,  a  span  in 
height,  bipinnate.  Stem  erect,  angular,  furnished  with  three 
or  four  leaves  near  the  flower  ;  they  are  sessile  and  compound, 
of  a  dark  green  on  their  upper  surface,  and  glaucous  under- 
neath. Tlie  flowers  are  at  the  extremity  of  the  stem  forming 
a  kind  of  abrupt  raceme,  they  are  all  directed  the  same  way. 
Bracteas  ovate,  lanceolate,  entire.  Flowers  of  a  pale  green  or 
nearly  white,  excepting  towards  the  throat,  where  they  ara  of 
a  dark  brown  approaching  to  black,  with  a  bright  yellow  bor- 
der surrounding.  Calyx  minutely  toothed.  Capsule  thin,  fri- 
able. Seed  large,  lenticular,  beaked,  very  smooth,  dark  and 
shining. 


This  herbaceous  plant  is  conspicuous  and  interesting  from 
the  clusters  of  yellow  flowers,  rendered  more  showy  by  the 
dark  spots,  which  serve  to  give  brilliancy  to  the  other  parts. 
In  addition  to  the  contrast  of  the  colours  in  this,  which  distin- 
guishes it  from  other  species  of  the  genus,  there  exists  a 
marked  peculiarity  in  the  style  of  flowering.  In  this,  the  flow- 
ers appear  in  a  close  cluster  forming  a  sort  of  raceme,  while 
in  the  other  species  they  are  more  scattered.  Though  they 
are  of  shorter-  duration  than  many  others,  yet  as  they  all  ap- 
pear nearly  at  the  same  time,  they  are  when  in  flower  de- 
cidedly the  most  conspicuous  of  the  genus :  they  are  in  their 
greatest  beauty  and  perfection  towards  the  end  of  April,  and 
continue  at  least  a  month.  As  this  species  does  not  readily 
perfect  its  seeds  here,  and  is  increased  but  sparingly  from  the 
roots,  it  is  on  this  account  much  admired  and  cherished  in 
places  where  it  is  cultivated.  Nearly  all  the  species  in  this 
genus  are  humble  in  gi'owth,  rarely  exceeding  a  foot  in  height, 
and  many  are  much  less.  This  species  attains  the  height  of 
about  one  foot,  and  thrives  well  in  a  border  of  light  but  rich 
vegetable  mould.  It  is  a  native  of  Siberia,  and  was  introduced 
in  1783.  This  specimen  was  figured  from  Messrs.  Malcolm 
and  Gray's  Nursery,  Kensington. 


REFERENCE    TO    THE    PLATE. 

The  Corolla  removed  showing  the  situation  of  the  Stamens  and  Pistil. 


Tl. 


Z>ra<m  S::Snffravea  »y  W,  Cfr.rl-. 


50. 

MAGNOLIA    PURPUREA. 

Purple  Magnolia. 


POLYANDRIA.  PoLYGYNIA. 

Class  13.  Order  7. 

Linn.  gen.  n.  690.     inild.  Sp.  PL  p.  1257.     Bot.  Mag.  390. 

GENERIC    CIIARACTEU. 

Vide  PI.  9. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER. 

Huwcrs  six-petalled,  the  exterior  of  the  petals  purple. 


Branches  long  and  somewhat  pliant ;  the  bark  of  the  young 
shoots  smooth,  shining,  of  a  bright  green,  and  witli  small 
white  spots.  The  flowers  at  the  extremity  of  the  young  shoots, 
solitary;  petals  six,  ovate,  concave,  narrowing  towards  the 
base,  the  exterior  of  which  are  of  a  lively  purple,  the  interior 
white.  Calyx  of  two  or  three  dark  brown  concave  leaflets, 
which  are  deciduous.  Leaves  ovate,  entire,  of  a  bright 
«rreen,  and  much  veined.  Stamens  and  pistils  seated  upon 
a  conical  receptacle,  which  afterwards  supports  the  pericarp 
composed  of  numerous  cells  placed  in  an  imbricated  form, 
each  of  which  contains  one  or  two  small  ovate  or  roundish 
seeds. 


The  grandeur  and  magnificence  of  this  tribe  of  shrubs  mark 
them  as  truly  conspicuous  objects  in  the  pleasure-ground. 
Amongst  them  are  found  all  the  qualifications  for  decorative 
shrubs; — a  grand  and  ornamental  style  of  growth,  bold  and 
conspicuous  foliage,  with  flowers  of  corresponding  magnifi- 
cence, possessing  a  most  delightful  and  fragrant  odour.  The 
M.  grandiflora,  though  it  deservedly  ranks  as  the  most 
princely  shrub  in  our  gardens,  yet  surpasses  by  little  only  the 
present  species.  The  hardihood  of  the  M.  -purpurea  makes  it 
well  adapted  to  this  country,  and  its  free  disposition  to  flower 
renders  it  peculiarly  ornamental.  It  is  generally  cultivated 
against  a  wall  or  trellis,  but  will  flourish  in  the  open  ground, 
although  its  flowers  in  such  situation  are  not  so  luxuriant  and 
numerous.  It  is  found  to  flourish  in  a  soil  composed  of  peat 
and  loam,  and  is  increased  by  layers,  which  should  be  put 
down  in  a  portion  of  sand  towards  the  end  of  March.  It  is  a 
native  of  China,  and  was  introduced  in  17i)2.  This  specimen 
flowered  against  the  green-house  at  Coombe  Wood,  the  seat 
of  the  Earl  of  Liverpool. 


n.  J-/. 


Drawn  kfinffiaveii  b  z*^  Cl^rt: . 


51. 

CHRYSANTHEMUM    SINENSE    /3   PUR- 

PURASCENS. 

Starry  Purple  Chinese  Chrysanthemum. 


Syngenesia.  Polygamia  Superflua. 

Class  19.  .  Order  2. 

Chrysanthemum.  Xpucravflefiov  of  Dioscorides  :   from  XP^'^°S  S^^'^' 
and  avSoj  a  flower. 

Linn.  gen.   n.  1)66.      Linn.   Trans,   vol.  xiv,  p.  142.       llort.  Trans, 
vol.  vi.  p.  338. 

GKNERIC    CHARACTER. 

Cell.  Common  hemispherical,  imbricate}  scale  close  incumbent ;  the 
interior  ones  larger  by  degrees  ;  the  innermost  termmated  by  a 
i)arched  scale.  Cor.  compound  radiated  ;  coroUets  hermaplirodite, 
tubular,  numerous  in  the  disk.  Females  more  than  twelve  in  the 
rav.  s'tani.  in  the  hermaphrodites,  five,  capillary,  very  short,  yin- 
tliers  cylindric,  tubular,  shorter  than  the  corolla.  Pist.  In  liie  her- 
maphrodites, germs  ovate,  style  filiform,  longer  tlian  the  stamens, 
stigmas  two,  revolute.  Per.  None.  Calyx  unchanged.  Seed 
solitary,  oblong,  without  any  pappus.    Rec.  naked,  dotted,  convex. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER. 

Leaves:  lobes  narrow,  slightly  serrated.  Florets  unequal  in  length, 
pointed  at  their  termination,  narrow  and  incurved  at  their  centre. 


Root  perennial.  Stem  herbaceous,  annual,  about  four  feet  in 
heio-ht.  Tlie  branches  are  numerous,  and  are  termmated  by 
broad  loose  clusters  or  corymbs  of  flowers.  The  expansion  ol 
a  <rootl  flower  exceeds  tliree  inches  and  a  half.  The  florets  are 
a  ricli  purple,  paler  where  their  anterior  surface  is  exposed, 
and  verv  pale  at  their  extremities.     lu  C^hina  the  flowers  are 


much  larger,  and  the  plant,  according  to  the  information  com- 
municated by  Mr.  Parks,  occasionally  sports  in  the  gardens  of 
Canton  producing  perfectly  white  flowers.  The  leaves  are 
small,  reflexed,  of  a  grayish  green,  and  rather  deeply  divided  ; 
the  lobes  narrow  and  very  slightly  serrated  with  pointed  ser- 
ratures. 

This  specimen  is  one  of  the  many  interesting  plants  in- 
trodiiced  by  the  Horticultural  Society  from  China.  It  was 
brought  into  this  country  by  Mr.  Parks  in  182i.  Scarcely  any 
other  tribe  of  herbaceous  plants  possesses  greater  attractions 
than  this,  not  merely  for  its  more  extended  and  interesting 
variety  of  colours,  but  for  its  productions  of  flowers  at  a  sea- 
son when  nearly  all  the  brilliant  attractions  of  the  vegetable 
world  are  retiring  either  into  total  oblivion  or  else  to  a  state 
of  dormancy.  When  the  beauties  of  the  flower-garden  begin 
to  decay,  and  the  brown  autumnal  tints  succeed  tlie  lively  co- 
lours of  Spring  and  Summer, 

*'  When  o'er  the  cultivated  lawns  and  dreary  wastes 
Retiring  Autumn  flings  her  howling  blasts, 
Bends  in  tumultuous  waves  the  struggling  woods, 
And  showers  their  leafy  honours  on  the  floods," — 

then  will  appear  this  tribe  of  plants  arrayed  in  all  the  splen- 
dour which  the  most  diversified  and  interesting  colours  can 
convey.  When  the  weather  is  mild,  they  continue  in  great 
perfection  from  October  to  the  end  of  November ;  and  when 
protected  by  means  of  glass,  they  are  truly  ornamental,  and 
will  adorn  the  green-house  until  after  Christmas, 

"  And  instant  Winter's  utmost  rage  defy." 

The  many  beautiful  varieties  of  this  tribe  which  have  been 
lately  introduced,  and  the  facility  with  which  they  are  in- 
creased, have  contributed  to  bring  these  plants  so  much  into 
notice.  They  may  be  raised  by  cuttings  of  young  shoots 
taken  off  about  the  end  of  May  or  the  beginning  of  June : 
these  may  be  placed  separately  in  small  pots  under  a  hand- 
glass in  a  shaded  situation  ;  as  they  become  rooted  and  re- 
moved to  larger  pots,  they  require  a  rich  mellow  earth,  when 
if  the  more  luxuriant  shoots  be  topped  at  their  extremity,  they 
will  branch  out  and  form  very  handsome  bushy  plants,  and 
will  flower  extremely  well  in  the  pots.  When  planted  in  the 
open  border  or  against  a  wall,  they  generally  attain  tlie  height 
of  from  three  to  five  feet. 

The  specimen  for  this  drawing  was  kindly  furnished  from 
the  splendid  collection  of  this  tribe  of  plants  cultivated  in  the 
gardens  of  the  Horticultural  Society  at  Chiswick. 


n.3z 


Lrcavn  &-En^mve4  A'  W.CZarA^ . 


52. 

RHODODENDRON    FERRUGINEUM. 

Rust-leaved  Rose-bav. 


Decandria.  Monogynia. 

Class  10.  Order  1. 

Litui.  Si/st.  405.     Spec.  562. 

GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

Vide  Ehododendron  arbor eum.  PI.  7. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER. 

Leaves  smooth,  leprous  underneath  :  corollas  funnel-shaped. 


Stems  very  much  branched,  towards  the  ground  spreadhig ; 
they  rise  about  a  foot  and  a  half  high.  The  leaves  are  rather 
in  clusters  towards  the  extremity  of  the  branches,  dry,  coria- 
ceous, ovate,  narrowed  at  both  ends,  bent  back  at  the  edge ; 
underneath  they  are  ferruginous,  with  innumerable  little  dark 
coloured  dots  ;  the  younger  leaves  have  generally  a  few  cili- 
ate  hairs,  but  these  afterwards  disappear.  Flowers  in  an  up- 
right raceme  at  the  end  of  every  branchlet.  Peduncles  one- 
flowered,  upright,  dotted.  Corollas  nodding,  of  a  beautiful 
rose  colour,  with  yellowish  dots,  they  have  little  or  no  scent.  It 
has  been  known  to  vary  with  white  flowers.  The  two  lower 
segments  of  the  corolla  are  a  little  narrower  and  longer  than 


the  three  others.  Filaments  whitish  red,  liairy  at  bottom,  the 
lower  ones  gradually  shorter,  not  exceeding  the  tube,  inserted 
into  the  receptacle  itself  by  an  attenuated  toothlet ;  anthers 
oblong,  erect,  yellow.  The  stamens  commonly  fade  before  the 
corolla.  Germ  superior,  green ;  style  nearly  the  length  of  the 
stamens  :  stigma  capitate,  five-cleft. 

This  little  shrub  differs  very  much  in  character  from  many 
others  of  the  genus.  The  compact  evergreen  bush  which  it 
forms,  added  to  the  beauty  and  profusion  of  its  flowers,  renders 
it  truly  attractive.  The  leaves  of  this  shrub  possess  an  inter- 
esting conti'ast  of  colour,  the  upper  surface  being  of  a  bright 
and  shining  green  opposed  to  the  brown  and  ferruginous  ap- 
pearance of  the  under  part ;  it  is  in  this  peculiar  property  that  it 
differs  from  R.  hirsutum,  which  in  other  respects  it  greatly  re- 
sembles. The  dwarf  habit  of  growth  of  R.  femigineum  per- 
mits it  to  be  arranged  in  the  American  bed  with  the  Ledum 
and  Kalmia  tribes,  intermixed  with  Gaulthcria  procionbcJis, 
Epigca  repens,  and  many  of  the  hardy  species  of  Erica  which 
flower  about  the  same  time,  producing  a  pleasing  assemblage. 
These,  with  the  greater  portion  of  American  plants,  generally 
flower  during  the  months  of  May  and  June.  That  part  of 
the  pleasure-ground  allotted  to  this  tribe  of  plants  may  by 
judicious  planting  be  rendered  beautiful  in  the  extreme:  and 
here  the  dwarf  plants  alluded  to  contribute  in  a  considerable 
degree  to  produce  a  continuation  of  flower,  commencing  at  the 
more  lofty  species  at  the  back,  down  to  those  of  more  humble 
growth  in  fi'ont.  This  species  of  Rhododendron  is  propagated 
in  a  similar  manner  to  the  others, — by  layers,  which  should  be 
put  down  early  in  May;  it  requires  to  be  planted  in  peat 
earth.  This  specimen  was  figured  from  Messrs.  Malcolm 
and  Gray's  Nurserv,  Kensington. 


Fl.  S3. 


Driwn  !c En^ravid  fy  W,  Clark . 


53. 

LONICERA    FLAVA. 

Bright  Yellow  Honeysuckle. 


Pentandria.  Monogynia. 

Class  5.  Order  1. 

LoNicERA  :  SO  named  by  Plumier  in  honour  of  Adam  Lonicer,  plu- 
sician  at  Frankfort. 

Linn.  gen.  n.  233.     Bot.  Mag.  1318. 

GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

Cal.  Perianth  five-parted,  superior,  small.  Cor.  one-petalled,  tubu- 
lar 5  tube  oblong,  gibbous  J  border  five-parted  j  divisions  revolute, 
one  of  which  is  more  deeply  separated.  Stam.  Filaments  five,  awl- 
shaped,  nearly  the  length  of  the  corolla.  Anthers  oblong.  Pist. 
Germ  roundish,  inferior.  Style  filiform,  the  length  of  the  corolla. 
Stigma  obtuse-headed.  Per.  Berry  umbilicated,  two-celled.  Seeds 
roundish,  compressed. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER. 

Leaves  ovate,  glaucous  beneath,  much  veined,  marginated,  connected 
at  the  base,  perfoliated. 


Stem  shrubby  and  climbing.  Leaves  ovate,  or  nearly  cor- 
date ;  in  pairs,  and  are  stem-clasping ;  also  alternately  oppo- 
site :  such  as  appear  near  the  base  of  the  young  shoots  are 
less  true  in  their  forms ;  losing  the  character  of  the  cordate 
form,  and  are  more  oblong.  The  shoots  appear  in  pairs,  and 
emanate  from  the  base  of  the  leaves. 

There  does  not  exist  a  tribe  of  shrubs  more  generally  ad- 


mired  than  tlie  Loyiicera.  By  the  humble  peasant  who  deco- 
rates his  cottage  door,  and  by  the  more  refined  proprietor  of 
a  domain  who  cukivates  the  rarer  species  to  ornament  the 
arches  of  his  conservatory, — the  fragrant  Honeysuckle  is 
equally  admired.  Many  of  the  species  w^aft  their  delightful 
sweets  throughout  the  pleasure-ground :  even  in  the  wood, 
where  neglected  Nature  rears  some  of  her  rudest  productions, 
will  often  be  seen  the  delicate  Honeysuckle  stretching  out  its 
branches  for  support,  and  emitting  to  the  gale  the  delightful 
odours  distilled  from  its  mellifluous  tubes.  Whether  beautify- 
ing the  sequestered  wood  or  the  retired  paths  of  the  arbore- 
tum, or  decorating  the  veranda  or  alcove,  these  shrubs  seem 
constituted  to  realize  those  floral  delights  which  the  poet  is 
so  ambitious  to  convey — 

"  Fair  Lonicera  prints  the  dewy  lawn 
And  decks  with  brighter  blush  the  vermil  dawn. 
Winds  round  the  shadowy  rocks  and  fancied  vales. 
And  scents  with  sweeter  breath  the  summer  gales ; 
With  artless  grace  and  native  ease  she  charms. 
And  bears  the  horn  of  plenty  in  her  arms." 

The  present  species  possesses  a  similarity  in  point  of  growth 
to  many  of  the  climbing  sorts,  but  differs  in  its  flowers,  which 
are  of  a  bright  yellow. 

This  plant  is  perfectly  hardy.  It  should  be  planted  against 
a  wall  or  trellis-work,  though  from  the  beauty  of  its  flowers  it 
frequently  is  seen  adorning  the  green-house  or  conservatory. 
It  thrives  well  in  a  mixture  of  peat  loam  and  vegetable  mould, 
and  is  increased  by  layers  put  down  in  the  month  of  March. 
In  the  open  ground  the  flowers  are  produced  early  in  June : 
in  the  green-house,  about  a  month  earlier. 

It  is  a  native  of  North  America,  and  was  introduced  in  1810. 

This  specimen  was  figured  from  the  gardens  of  the  Count 
de  Vande,  Bayswater. 


REFERENCES    TO    THE    PLATE. 

1.  Stamens  showing  their  insertion. 

2.  Pistil. 


TI.S4- 


Srmm  ^EnffTUVfd  fy  »!  Clar/c . 


54. 

TRILLIUM    GRANDIFLORUM. 

Large-flowered  Trillium. 


Hexandria.  Trigynia. 

Class  6.  Order  3. 

Linn.  gen.  n.456.     Hooker's  Par.  Lou.  1.     Bat.  Mag.  855. 

GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

Cal.  Perianth  three-leaved,  spreading  j  leaflets  ovate,  permanent. 
Cor.  Petals  three,  subovate,  larger  than  the  calyx.  Stam.  Fila- 
ments six,  awl-shaped,  shorter  than  the  calyx,  erect.  Anthers 
terminating,  oblong,  length  of  the  filaments.  Pist.  Germ  round- 
ish. Styles  filiform,  recurved.  Stigmas  simple.  Per.  Berry  round- 
ish, three-celled.     Seeds  many,  roundish. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER. 

Leaves  rounded  at  the  base.  Flowers  ovate,  lanceolate,  recurved, 
white. 


Root  perennial.  Stem  herbaceous,  from  six  to  twelve  inches 
in  height,  producing  three  leaves,  from  the  centre  of  which  a 
solitary  flower  appears,  supported  by  a  stem  about  two  inches 
in  length.  Leaves  almost  always  in  threes,  on  stalks  rising 
direct  from  the  root;  they  are  of  an  ovate-lanceolate  form, 
and  are  of  a  bright  green  on  their  upper  surface,  but  of  a 
fainter  or  rather  brown  tinge  underneath.     The  flowers  are 


inclosed  in  a  calyx  of  a  lively  green.  Petals  three,  white, 
having  a  slight  tinge  of  blue  towards  their  extremity  when 
they  begin  to  decay. 

Among  the  interesting  tribe  of  American  herbaceous  plants, 
this  species  of  Trillium  ranks  high.  Considering  its  humble 
growth  it  is  remarkably  showy;  and,  when  arranged  with 
other  low-growing  American  plants,  appears  to  great  advan- 
tao-e.  The  bright  ijreen  foliage  affords  an  excellent  relief  to 
the  white  flowers,  which  may  be  further  enhanced  in  delicacy 
by  an  intermixture  with  another  species  of  the  same  genus, 
T.  fcetidum,  bearing  purple  flowers :  these  flowers  begin  to 
adorn  the  flower-garden  early  in  the  season.  Soon  after  the 
leaves  appear  the  flowers  are  produced,  and  are  in  perfection 
early  in  May.  Their  duration  is  not  long,  as  they  fade 
oenerallv  before  the  end  of  that  month,  after  which  the  stem 
and  leaves  soon  decay :  consequently  they  never  perfect  their 
seed  in  this  country.  They  require  to  be  planted  in  peat 
earth  in  rather  a  shaded  situation,  where  they  will,  when  well 
established,  produce  offsets,  which  are  the  means  of  increase. 
The  surface  of  the  ground  where  the  plants  are  cultivated 
should  be  disturbed  as  seldom  as  possible.  They  are  subject 
to  injury  by  the  exposure  of  their  roots;  and  the  offsets  are 
liable  to  be  hurt  through  being  disturbed. 

This  species  is  a  native  of  North  America,  and  was  intro- 
duced in  1802. 

The  figure  is  from  a  specimen  from  Mr.  Lee's  Nursery, 
Hammersmith. 


REFERENCES    TO    THE    PLATE. 

1.  Stamens. 

2.  Pistil. 


fl.  6S. 


Zmmn  ScSTt^r-aved  fiy  W,  ClarA:. 


AQUILEGIA  CANADENSIS  /3  GRACILIS. 

Slender  Canadian  Columbine. 


POLYANDRIA.  PeNTAGYNIA. 

Class  13.  Order  5. 

Aquilegia  or  Aquilixa,  from  Aquila,  an  eagle;  because  the  necta- 
ries seem  to  resemble  eagles'  claws.  The  English  n;ime  Colum- 
bine is  derived  from  Columha,  a  pigeon ;  from  the  resemblance 
which  these  parts  of  the  wild  plant  bear  both  in  form  and  colour 
to  the  head  and  neck  of  a  pigeon. 

Linn.  gen.  n.  684,     Linn.  spec.  752, 

GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

Cal.  none.  Cor.  Petals  five,  lanceolate,  ovate,  flat,  spreading,  equal. 
Nectaries  five,  equal,  alternate  with  the  petals ;  each  horned, 
gradually  broader  upwards,  with  an  oblique  mouth,  ascending  out- 
wardly, annexed  inwardly  to  the  receptacle ;  produced  below  into 
a  long  attenuated  tube  with  an  obtuse  top.  Stam.  Filaments  thirty 
to  forty,  subulate,  the  outer  ones  shorter  j  anthers  oblong,  erect, 
the  height  of  the  nectaries.  Pisf.  Germs  five,  ovate-oblong,  ending 
in  subulate  styles  longer  than  the  stamens.  Stigmas  erect,  simple. 
Chaffs  ten,  wrinkled,  short,  separate,  and  involving  the  germs. 
Per.  Capsules  five,  distinct,  cylindric,  parallel,  straight,  acuminate, 
one-valved,  gaping  from  the  to])s  inward.  Seeds  very  many,  ovate, 
keeled,  annexed  to  the  gaping  suture. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER. 

Nectaries  straight.     Stamens  longer  than  the  corolla. 


Hoot  perennial.     Stem  slender,  erect,   of  a  bright  brown, 
supporting  both  leaves  and  flowers  towards  its  summit :  these 


leaves  are  sometimes  simple,  and  merely  lobed,  while  those 
from  the  root  are  compound,  being  biternate.  The  flowers 
are  supported  on  foot-stalks  from  two  to  three  inches  in  length. 
The  corolla  is  composed  of  five  nectaries,  of  a  strong  red  to- 
wards their  summit,  and  of  a  bright  yellow  at  the  mouth,  be- 
tween each  of  which  is  seated  five  small  linear  petals,  also  red. 
The  pericarp  is  composed  of  five  lobes. 

The  original  species  of  Aquilegia  canadensis  has  long  been 
known  and  admired  by  the  cultivators  of  choice  flowers.  The 
present  figure  is  a  variety  which  has  been  produced  from  that 
alluded  to,  and  is  found  to  possess  all  the  attractive  qualities 
of  the  parent  plant,  added  to  a  peculiar  delicacy  of  nature  of 
its  own,  which  has  given  rise  to  its  present  distinguishing  name 
as  a  variety.  Its  style  of  growth  is  more  slender  and  delicate 
than  in  the  original  species  ;  and  it  requires  more  delicacy  of 
treatment  in  its  cultivation,  being  very  particular  in  its  soil 
and  situation.  It  should  be  planted  in  a  light  earth  composed 
of  decayed  leaves  with  a  small  portion  of  loam :  it  is  more 
likely  to  succeed  if  kept  in  a  pot.  Thus  treated,  its  beauties 
are  displayed  to  better  advantage ;  and  it  may  here  be  better 
protected  against  a  very  destructive  enemy,  the  wire-worm, 
which  frequently  attacks  it  in  the  open  ground.  It  generally 
attains  the  height  of  from  nine  inches  to  a  foot,  producing  a 
succession  of  flowers  during  the  month  of  May.  It  will  per- 
fect its  seeds,  by  which  means  it  is  readily  increased. 

The  species  from  which  this  variety  was  produced  is  a 
native  of  Canada,  and  was  introduced  in  1640. 

This  specimen  was  figured  from  the  Collection  of  Edward 
Jesse,  Esq.,  Bushy  Park  Cottage,  whose  kindness  in  allowing 
the  drawing  to  be  made  is  acknowledged. 


REFERKNCES    TO    THE    PLATE. 

1 .  The  stamens  exhibited  with  a  portion  of  the  corolla. 

2.  Pistils. 


Fi.  se. 


I/rawn  ScEn^raved  i}'  Jl^,  Clark. 


56. 

VERBENA    LAMBERTI. 

Lambert's  Vervain. 


DiDYNAMIA.  AnGIOSPERMIxV. 

Class  14.  Order  2. 

Verbena  :  from  its  being  one  amongst  the  herbs  with  which  the 
altars  antl  sacred  places  were  adorned,  and  the  chief  priest  was 
crowned.  The  laurel,  olive,  myrtle,  &c.  were  termed  Verbenas  for 
the  same  reason. 

Linn.  gen.  n.  32.     Bot.  Mag.  2200. 

GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

Cal.  Perianth  one-leafed,  angular,  tubular,  linear,  five-toothed  j  the 
fifth  toothlet  truncate,  permanent.  Cor.  one-petalled,  unequal  j 
tube  cylindrical,  straight  for  the  length  of  the  calyx,  then  widening 
and  curved  in  ;  border  spreading,  half  five-cleft;  segments  round- 
ed, almost  equal.  Stum.  Filaments  two  or  four,  bristle-shaped, 
very  short,  lying  within  the  tube  of  the  corolla ;  two  of  them 
shorter  (where  there  are  four).  Anthers  curved  in,  as  many  as 
there  are  filaments.  Pist.  Germ  four-cornered.  Style  simple,  fili- 
form, length  of  the  tube.  Stigma  obtuse.  Per.  very  slender,  and 
scarcely  manifest,  or  almost  none.  Calyx  containing  the  seeds. 
Seeds  two  or  four,  oblong. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER. 

Spike  solitary,  long.  Stem  hairy,  decumbent  from  the  root.  Leaves 
deeply  cut  into  lobes  unto  the  e.\^tremity. 


Root  biennial.     Stem  decumbent,  from  which  the  leaves  and 
shoots  appear  in  pairs,  very  much  haired,  affording  a  marked 


difference  from  V.  Aubletia,  from  wliicli  it  also  differs  in  habit. 
Leaves  opposite,  also  hairy,  and  marked  with  deep  incisions 
to  the  point,  supported  upon  footstalks  of  an  inch  and  a  half 
in  length.  The  flowers  at  first  appear  in  a  cluster,  opening 
at  the  bottom  of  the  spike,  which  afterwards  shoots  to  the 
length  of  six  inches,  bearing  a  succession  of  flowers  to  its  ex- 
tremity. 

This  little  decorative  biennial  adds  more  to  the  ornament 
of  the  flower-garden  than  any  others  of  the  genus :  and  indeed 
far  more  so  than  can  be  conveyed  by  the  delineation  of  an  in- 
dividual figure.-  The  beauty  and  richness  of  the  purple  tinge 
possessed  by  the  blossoms  of  these  plants  when  growing  in 
masses  in  the  flower-bed  produce  an  interesting  appearance; 
and  the  continuity  of  flowers  with  which  they  are  decorated 
adds  still  more  to  their  attractions.  They  remain  in  a  state 
of  blossom  for  some  months  from  the  early  part  of  June.  It 
ripens  its  seed  freely,  whereby  it  is  readily  increased.  Tlie 
seed  should  be  sown  in  the  autumn,  either  on  a  sheltered 
border  or  in  pots,  when  it  would  be  as  well  to  afford  them 
some  slight  protection  during  the  winter :  and  in  the  spring 
plant  them  in  the  open  ground ;  they  will  flourish  in  any  light 
open  earth.  As  this  plant  is  to  be  so  easily  obtained,  it  may 
be  unsparingly  dispersed  among  the  flower-beds ;  and,  unless 
carried  to  excess,  the  distribution  of  this  plant  may  add  con- 
siderably towards  the  grand  assemblage  the  flower-garden 
presents  during  the  summer  months. 

It  is  a  native  of  Carolina,  and  was  introduced  in  1816. 

This  specimen  was  obtained  from  Boyton  House,  Wilts, 
through  the  kindness  of  Aylmer  Bourke  Lambert,  Esq.,  Vice 
President  of  the  Linnaean  Society. 


REFERENCES  TO   THE  PLATE. 

1.  Corolla  open,  showing  the  insertion  of  the  stamens. 

2.  Pistil. 


Dniifli  \-f:miimf/l  fy  H'.(''<'r/c 


/rnJ^n  M'ltsli.dhi'lA:niimajiSct':l'al,rmysl^rlt>w  .Se/>!' Ki 


57. 

CASSIA    ODORATA. 

Sweet-scented  Cassia. 


Decandria.  Monogynta. 

Class  10.  Order  1. 

Cassia  ;  by  Dioscorides  xccTcricc.  The  derivation  of  this  term  is  un- 
known. 

Linn.  gen.  n.  514. 

GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

Cell.  Perianth  pentaphyllous,  concave,  coloured,  deciduous.  Cor. 
Petals  five,  roundish  concave,  the  inferior  ones  more  distant,  more 
spreading,  larger.  Stani.  Filaments  ten,  declined  :  the  three  in- 
ferior ones  longer  j  the  three  superior  ones  shorter.  Anthers  :  the 
three  inferior  very  large,  gaping  at  the  tip  ;  the  four  lateral  ones 
without  the  rostrum  gaping  ;  the  three  superior  ones  very  small, 
sterile.  Pisf.  Germ  sub-columnar,  long  peduncled.  Style  very 
short.  Stigma  obtuse,  ascending.  Per.  Legume  oblong,  partitions 
transverse.     Seeds  many,  roundish,  affixed  to  the  superior  suture. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER, 

Leaflets  in  eight  pairs.     Stipules  linear,  pointed. 


Stem  shrubby,  of  a  brownish  green.  Leaves  alternate,  of  a 
dark  green  on  their  upper  surface,  but  lighter  with  a  brown 
tinge  underneath.  Flowers  yellow,  sweet-scented.  Stamens 
with  purple  anthers.     Pistil  green. 


The  propriety  of  the  introduction  of  this  interesting  new 
Cassia  into  a  work  professing  to  depict  hardy  plants  only, 
may  be  questioned  by  many :  but,  although  hitherto  cultivated 
in  the  green -house,  this  plant  will  doubtless  endure  the  open 
air  of  this  country  with  the  same  precaution  merely  as  is  be- 
stowed upon  many  other  shrubs  which  are  exposed  to  the 
open  air,  and  which  are  natives  of  the  same  part  of  New  South 
Wales.  Many  of  these  plants  have  been  inured  to  the  climate 
of  this  country,  and  it  is  therefore  not  anticipating  too  much 
to  expect  that  this  will  prove  equally  hardy.  This  plant  has 
been  very  recently  introduced  from  New  South  Wales ;  and 
the  present  specimen  was  kindly  forwarded  by  Aylmer  Bourke 
Lambert,  Esq.  from  Boyton  House,  Wilts,  where  it  flowered 
in  the  green-house  in  the  month  of  May.  When  planted  in 
the  open  air  in  a  dry  border  of  a  north-west  aspect,  and  in  a 
soil  composed  of  peat-loam  and  a  little  sand,  it  will  no  doubt 
flower  luxuriantly,  of  which  its  habit  indicates  a  free  disposi- 
tion. In  the  open  air  the  flowers  will  not  appear  until  the  end 
of  June.  Like  many  of  the  species  in  this  genus,  the  flowers 
are  yellow ;  but  this  species  differs  very  essentially  from  any  of 
the  others,  in  the  peculiar  fragrance  of  its  flowers.  It  has 
not  been  sufficiently  long  in  this  country  to  ascertain  whether 
it  will  mature  its  seed  :  probably  it  will  not  in  the  open  air, 
but  it  may  be  increased  by  layers  or  by  cuttings. 

It  was  introduced  by  seeds  from  New  South  Wales  in  1825. 


REFERENCES  TO   TUE  PLATE. 

1.  Insertion  of  the  stamens  and  pistil. 

2.  Petal. 


Drawn  SrHn^/.i- 


58. 

CYTISUS    PURPUllEUS. 

Purple-flowered  Cytisus. 


DlADELPHIA.  DecANDRIA. 

Class  17.  Order  4. 

CvTisus  :  Kvria-os  of  Hippocrates  and  Theophrastus.  Said  by  Pliny 
to  have  been  lirst  found  in  the  isle  of  Cythus,  whence  it  is  supposed 
to  have  derived  its  name. 

Linn.  gen.  n.  877.     Linn.  syst.  G67. 

GENERIC    CIIARACTEK. 

Cal.  Perianth  one-leafed,  bell-form,  short,  obtuse  at  the  base  :  mouth 
two-lipped  5  upper  lip  two-cleft,  acuminate  3  lower  three- toothed. 
Cor.  papilionaceous.  Standard  ovate,  rising  upwards,  sides  reflex. 
Wings  the  length  of  the  standard,  straight,  obtuse.  Keel  some- 
what bellied,  acuminate.  Skim.  Filaments  diadelphous  (single  and 
nine-cleft)  rising  upwards.  Anthers  simple.  Pist.  Germ  oblong. 
Style  simple,  rising  upwards.  Stigma  obtuse.  Per.  Legume  ob- 
long, obtuse,  attenuated  at  the  base,  stiff.  Seeds  a  few,  kidney- 
form,  compressed. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER. 

Flowers  peduncled,  solitary.  Leaves  smooth.  Stems  decumbent, 
becoming  shrubby.     Legumes  sickled  above. 


Stem  shrubby,  smooth,  brownish,  pliant,  prostrate.     Leaves 
scattered,  alternate,  petioled;  leaflets  sessile,  ovate,  sharpish, 


dark  green,  quite  entire.  Flowers  axillary,  solitary,  erect, 
on  a  short  pedicel.  Calyx  tinged  with  purple.  Corolla  large, 
fine  piu'ple.  Filaments  all  connate.  Anthers  orange-coloured. 
Legume  much  narrower  at  the  base,  subpeduncled,  linear, 
compressed,  sickle-shaped,  black  when  ripe,  and  commonly 
smooth. 

Few  shrubs  which  ornament  the  lawn  or  pleasure-ground 
are  more  interesting  when  in  flower  than  this  species  of  Cyti- 
sus.  Whether  it  be  cultivated  as  a  dwarf  shrub  in  its  natural 
style  of  growth- in  trailing  on  the  ground,  or  as  a  standard  in 
being  worked  upon  a  stem  of  the  common  Laburnum,  it  in- 
variably attracts  attention.  When  it  is  placed  alone  on  the 
lawn  as  a  standard,  its  branches  having  a  natural  disposition 
towards  the  earth,  they  hang  in  a  pendent  manner  round 
the  main  stem,  upon  which  they  are  worked  by  the  process  of 
budding ;  and  when  in  flower  present  a  very  lively  appear- 
ance. Other  species  of  this  genus  may  be  treated  in  the  same 
manner.  The  C.  supinus  when  thus  worked  assumes  the  same 
habit  of  growth,  while  the  C.  argenteus  and  C.  capitaUis  present 
their  shoots  upwards ;  but  either,  as  dwarfs  or  standards,  are 
very  ornamental.  The  C.  purjnireus,  when  cultivated  as  a 
dwarf  shrub,  has  a  good  effect  grouped  with  many  of  the 
species  of  Daphne;  also  in  the  front  of  the  American  beds  in- 
termixed with  the  Ledum  tribe  and  other  dwarf  shrubs.  When 
cultivated  in  this  manner  it  does  not  attain  above  a  foot  in 
height,  as  its  habit  is  to  trail  upon  the  surface  of  the  ground. 
It  is  readily  increased  by  layers,  and  thrives  well  in  a  light 
vegetable  earth.  The  flowers  are  purple,  and  appear  in  great 
profusion  in  the  month  of  May. 

It  is  a  native  of  Austria,  and  was  introduced  in  1 790. 


3imrn Sr En^med by  W.Clark . 


rep., t..B.,...  crjofx 


59. 

PAPAVER    NUDICAULE    /3  COCCINEA. 

Scarlet  Naked-stalked  Poppy. 


POLYANDRIA.  MoNOGYNIA. 

Class  13.  Order  1. 


Papaver,  from  Pappa. 


Linn.  gen.  n.  G48. 


GENERIC    CHARACTER. 

Cal.  Perianth  two-leaved^  ovate,  emarginate ;  leaflets  subovate,  con- 
cave, obtuse,  caducous.  Cor.  Petals  four,  roundish,  flat,  spreading, 
large,  narrow  at  the  base,  alternately  less.  Stam.  Filaments  nu- 
merous, capillary,  much  shorter  than  the  corolla.  Anthers  oblong, 
compressed,  erect,  obtuse.  Plst.  Germ  roundish,  large.  Style 
none.  Stigma  peltate,  flat,  radiate.  Per.  Capsule  crowned  with 
the  large  stigma,  one-celled.  Seeds  numerous,  very  small.  Recept. 
longitudinal  plaits,  the  same  number  with  the  rays  of  the  stigma, 
fastened  to  the  wall  of  the  pericarp. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER. 

Calyx  egg-shaped,  hairy,  rough.  Leafstalks  radical,  very  long.  Leaves 
downy,  lobed  ;  lobes  acutely  dentated. 


Root  biennial.  Root-leaves  hispid,  broader,  shorter,  less 
deeply  divided,  and  fewer  segments  than  in  the  others,  which 
are  divided  into  narrower  and  longer  segments :  they  are  of 
a  very  glaucous  green,  more  particularly  so  underneath. 
Stems  herbaceous :  tliey  rise  about  a  foot  in  height,  they  are 


naked,  and  support  on  the  extremity  a  solitary  flower.  In 
this  variety  the  flowers  are  a  beautiful  scarlet. 

Of  the  numerous  species  and  varieties  of  this  tribe  of  plants, 
very  few  are  admitted  as  ornaments  to  the  flower-garden: 
many  of  the  annual  kind  are  excluded,  either  from  possessing 
too  gaudy  an  appearance  or  from  the  liability  to  scatter  their 
seeds  too  numerously  on  the  border,  producing  a  multiplicity 
of  plants,  and  a  monotony  of  foliage  and  bloom.  Independent 
of  the  very  gaudy  species  there  are  some  well  worthy  of  culti- 
vation in  ornamental  flower-borders.  The  P.  nudicaule  (from 
which  the  present  variety  has  been  produced)  possesses  a  de- 
gree of  interest  from  its  free  production  of  delicately  tinted 
yellow  flowers,  about  a  foot  or  rather  more  in  height.  It  is 
from  this  species  the  present  as  well  as  many  other  varieties 
have  been  produced,  varying  principally  in  the  colour  of  the 
flowers,  which  in  diiferent  plants  produce  variations  of  all  the 
shades  of  yellow,  orange,  and  scarlet.  The  variety  repre- 
sented by  this  figure  has  been  selected  for  the  brilliancy  of  its 
colour,  for  being  less  fugitive  than  many  of  the  others,  and 
for  transferring  its  beauties  with  truth  to  its  offspring,  while 
many  of  the  others  sport  to  a  great  extent  with  their  colours. 
This  variety,  intermixed  with  P.  nudicaule  in  the  border,  will 
be  found  to  assist  in  addinji  to  each  other  a  degree  of  bril- 
liancy  which  will  render  them  conspicuously  ornamental. 
They  may  be  admitted  both  in  clumps  in  the  flower-garden 
and  in  the  front  of  the  shrubbery-borders  :  they  grow  freely 
in  light  vegetable  earth,  and  may  be  increased  by  seeds. 

The  P.  nudicaule  is  a  native  of  Siberia,  and  was  introduced 
in  1730. 

This  species  was  figured  from  Mr.  Knight's  Nursery,  King's 
Road,  Chelsea. 


Dniirn  i.  eiMraieti  fy  WXloiic  . 


Imdcu.  Mlishtd  h  Eonaman  Sc  C tatirnoster  Ram  Sep:  ISU . 


GO. 

CYCLAMEN    COUM. 

Round-leaved  Cvclamen. 


PeNTANDIUA.  MONOGYNIA. 

Class  5.  Order  1. 

Cyclamen,  from  v.'^y\a,. 

Linn.  gen.  ??.  201.     Bot.Mag.A. 

GENERIC    CUARACTER. 

Cal.  Perianth  half  five-cleft,  roundish,  permanent  j  divisions  ovate. 
Cor.  one-petalled.  Tube  somewhat  globose,  twice  as  large  as  the 
calyx,  small,  nodding.  Border  bent  upwards,  five-parted,  very 
large,  divisions  lanceolate.  Neck  prominent.  Stam.  Filaments 
five,  very  small  in  the  tube  of  the  corolla,  converging.  Pist.  Germ 
roundish.  Style  filiform,  straight,  longer  than  the  stamens.  Stigma 
sharp.  Per.  Berry  globose,  one-celled,  gaping  five  ways  at  the 
top,  covered  with  a  capsular  shell.  Seeds  very  many,  somewhat 
ovate  cornered.      Recept.  ovate,  free. 

SPECIFIC    CHARACTER. 

Leaves  orbicular,  cordate,  quite  entire. 


Root  perennial,  tuberous.  Leaves  plain,  orbicular,  with  short 
weak  petioles ;  their  underside  is  very  red  in  the  beginning  of 
winter,  but  that  colour  goes  off  in  the  spring ;  their  upper  side 
is  smooth,  of  a  lucid  green,  and  spread  flat  open ;  whereas  the 
other  sorts  are  hollowed  and  reflex  at  the  base.  The  flowers 
are  of  a  bright  purple,  and  are  supported  on  stalks  about  three 
inches  in  heiuht. 


Scarcely  any  genus  meets  with  more  universal  encomium 
than  that  of  the  Cyclamen.  The  few  species  which  this  genus 
possesses,  vary  very  little  from  each  other,  yet  they  possess 
very  great  attractions :  a  slight  variation  in  the  character  of 
their  leaves,  in  the  colour  of  their  flowers,  or  the  time  of  their 
appearance,  are  the  only  observable  differences.  The  species 
here  figured  possesses  advantages  over  the  rest,  as  it  puts 
forth  its  flowers  as  early  as  February,  a  season  when  the  most 
trifling  signal  of  the  return  of  vegetation  impresses  the  mind 
with  an  engaging  interest,  as  it  recalls  the  delights  attendant 
upon  the  production  of  those  floral  beauties  which  ever  yield 
pleasure  and  delight.  As  the  flowers  of  this  little  ornament 
do  not  rise  above  the  height  of  four  inches,  they  are  in  danger 
of  being  obscured  in  the  border,  and  they  are  therefore  fre- 
quently cultivated  in  pots.  They  will  however  flower  as  well 
in  a  dry  border  composed  of  light  vegetable  mould  and  sand; 
and  in  this  situation  are  more  likely  to  perfect  their  seeds. 
When  grovvTi  in  pots  they  should,  about  the  end  of  July,  when 
their  leaves  die  off",  be  kept  tolerably  dry  for  about  three 
months.  They  are  propagated  by  seed,  which  is  freely  pro- 
duced :  these  seeds  should  be  sown  in  flat  pots  immediately 
after  they  are  ripe,  which  is  about  the  middle  of  August.  They 
will  appear  during  the  autumn,  and  should  be  kept  in  a  frame  , 
or  pit  throughout  the  winter,  and  early  in  the  spring  should 
be  planted  out  either  into  the  ground  or  into  separate  pots. 

This  is  a  native  of  the  South  of  Europe,  and  was  introduced 
in  1731. 

Figured  from  Messrs.  Chandler  and  Buckingham's  Nur- 
seiy,  Vauxhall. 


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